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Evren, formerly Çıkınağıl, is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 369 km2, and its population is 40,625 (2022). It is 178 km from the city of Ankara. Its elevation is 887 m.
Name
This small remote town on the banks of Hirfanlı reservoir, was formerly known as Çıkınağıl, and was renamed after Kenan Evren, former president of Turkey. In November 2019, Ak Party proposed renaming the city back to Çıkınağıl.
Composition
There are 13 neighbourhoods in Evren District:
Altınbaşak
Çatalpınar
Cebirli
Demirayak
Esentepe
Eskitorunobası
İbrahimbeyli
İnebeyli
Modern
Şerafettin Yılmaz
Solakuşağı
Yeni
Yusufuşağı
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Populated places in Ankara Province
Districts of Ankara Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evren%2C%20Ankara |
Fatsa is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 363 km2, and its population is 126,775 (2022). It lies on the Black Sea coast.
Name
The oldest recorded name of the town is Polemonion (, Latinized as Polemonium), after Polemon I of Pontus. A derivative of Polemonion, i.e. Bolaman, is the modern name of the river passing through Fatsa (the river is the ancient Sidenus). The present name, Fatsa, has been influenced by modern Greek Φάτσα or Φάτσα Πόντου (φἀτσα is derived from Italian faccia), which translates as "face or housefront on the sea", but has in fact mutated from Fanizan, the name of the daughter of King Pharnaces II of Pontus, through Fanise, Phadisana (), Phadsane Phatisanê Vadisani (), Phabda, Pytane, Facha, Fatsah into today's Fatsa. Apart from Polemonion, another Greek name of the town was Side.
History
Antiquity
The history of Fatsa goes back to antiquity, when the coast was settled by Cimmerians, and Pontic Greeks in the centuries BC. The ruins on Mount Çıngırt (the ancient rock tombs and vaults) are from this period.
Roman and Byzantine periods
Fatsa was first mentioned, in the era of the Kingdom of Pontus, as Polemonium, after King Polemon I, the Roman client king appointed by Mark Antony. Under Nero, the kingdom became a Roman province in AD 62. In about 295, Diocletian (r. 284–305) divided the province into three smaller provinces, one of which was Pontus Polemoniacus, called after Polemonium, which was its administrative capital.
As the Roman Empire developed into the Byzantine Empire, the city lost some of its regional importance. Neocaesarea became the capital of the province, and the Diocese of Polemonion was a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Neocaesarea. Due to partition of the Byzantine Empire as a result of the Fourth Crusade, Fatsa became a part of the Empire of Trebizond in 1204.
In the 13th and 14th centuries Genoese traders established trading posts on the Black Sea coast. Fatsa became one of the most important of these ports. There is a stone warehouse on the shore built in this period.
Ottoman period
Following the conquest of the Empire of Trebizond by the Ottomans in 1461, Fatsa become a part of Rûm Eyalet and later a part of Trebizond Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire and remained within the Sanjak of Janik until the collapse of the Empire in 1921. Fatsa
became a district of Ordu Province, following the formation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923.
Archaeology
In 2020, archaeologist discovered ruins of a church at the bottom of the lake Gaga.
Population movement
Following the Turkish conquest of Anatolia by the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum and later by the Ottomans, Muslims settler arrived at Fatsa in the middle of the 14th Century. The early Muslim Turkish settlers included Turkomens, whose descendants make up the majority of Fatsa's current Alevi Muslim community. In 1999, a religious worship complex that serves to both Alevis and Sunni Muslims was opened in Fatsa, which was unprecedented in Turkey.
In the second half of the 19th century, Fatsa's Sunni population increased significantly, as some of Chveneburi (Sunni Muslim Georgians) from Batumi and Kobuleti (Turkish: Çürüksu), who fought in the Ottoman army against the Russian forces in Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) under Ali Pasha of Çürüksu and some of the Abazins and Circassians, who were forced to leave their ancestral land in North Caucasus after the end of the Caucasian War in 1864, were settled in Fatsa and in the surrounding villages. The Circassian immigrants had an immediate impact on the local economy by introducing silk production to the area. In 1868, 3 million piastres worth of silk was sold in Fatsa.
During the Byzantine period, as early as the 9th century, an Orthodox diocese was located in Fatsa (Diocese of Polemonion). Fatsa's Christian population during the Ottoman era was made up by Pontic Greeks and Armenians, who thrived as craftsmen and bureaucrats. According to the last Ottoman census carried out in 1914, the Christians made up 12% of Fatsa's total population of 40,339. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Fatsa's Christian population diminished. The last Pontic Greek community left Fatsa in 1923 as a part of the Population exchange between Greece and Turkey, when 770 Muslim families from Thessaloniki, Greece were settled in Fatsa and the indigenous Pontic Greek population of Fatsa were settled in Katerini and in the village of Trilofos Himachal, both in the Pieria region of Greece. Two members of Fatsa's Pontic Greek community, after the population exchange in 1923, became politicians in Greece; Alexander Deligiannidis, born in Fatsa in 1914 served in the Greek Parliament as a member of National Radical Union Party (1956 - 1964) and Takis Terzopoulos, born in Fatsa in 1920 served as the mayor of Katerini (1964 - 1967).
The book titled Literary Publications, Testimonials and Narratives in Pieria (1918 - 2010) (Greek: Λογοτεχνικές εκδόσεις, μαρτυρίες και αφηγήσεις στην Πιερία) includes chronicles of some of Fatsa's Pontic Greeks on their exodus from Fatsa to Katerini, including an anecdotal account by Chalkidis Ef. Theophilus (Greek: Χαλκίδης Ευθ. Θεόφιλος) (b. Fatsa in 1900 - d. Katerini 1985).
In 1919, in Fatsa, there were 8 churches (Greek Orthodox, Greek Evangelical and Armenian Apostolic) served by 9 priests. After the departure of the last Christian community in 1923, the churches were closed and later demolished. The last remaining church in Fatsa was in town's Kurtuluş District and was demolished in the late 1980s.
Politics
Social Unrest in 1970s - 1980s
During the social unrest in Turkey in the 1970s, a major international incident in the area was the kidnapping of three NATO engineers (two British, one Canadian) from the Ünye radar station in 1972 by the members of People's Liberation Army of Turkey, which had a support base in Fatsa.
In 1976, Nazmiye Komitoğlu was elected as the mayor of Fatsa, who was the first female mayor elected in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Following her death in office, Fikri Sönmez, a local Chveneburi, was elected as the mayor on 14 October 1979. Sönmez and his Marxist–Leninist organisation Devrimci Yol, which was made up by local committees under the slogan "The red sun will rise in Fatsa", controlled the municipality until 11 July 1980.
After his election as the mayor, Sönmez divided Fatsa into eleven regions and created people's committees, which had power to recall government authorities. Sönmez was blamed creating a new state inside the Turkish Republic by the prime minister of Turkey at the time, Süleyman Demirel.
This era ended when, upon the initiative of the Nationalist Movement Party supporting the provincial governor, the
Turkish military conducted an operation called OperationTarget (Turkish: Nokta Operasyonu) against the town.
On 8 July 1980, the Turkish Army surrounded Fatsa. On 9 July the General Staff of Turkish Armed Forces, General Kenan Evren arrived at Fatsa. On 11 July 1980, the army moved into the town, and Mayor Sönmez and 300 others were arrested by the army. OperationTarget is believed to be the rehearsal for the 1980 Turkish coup d'état led by Gen. Kenan Evren.
Throughout this turbulent period, Fatsa lost a significant number of its people as they migrated away to jobs in Turkey's larger cities or abroad. Immigrants from Fatsa constitute the largest proportion of the Turkish community in Japan.
Current
The current mayor of Fatsa is İbrahim Etem Kibar from the conservative AK Party.
Geography and climate
Fatsa is located on a strip of coastline between the Black Sea and the Janik Mountains (Turkish: Canik) and watered by the rivers of Elekçi, Bolaman, Yapraklı and Belice. Fatsa has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cfa); warm and humid in summer, cool and damp in winter, with occasional - but sometimes heavy - snowfalls.
Composition
There are 89 neighbourhoods in Fatsa District:
Ahmetler
Arpalık
Aşağıardıç
Aşağıtepe
Aşağıyavaş
Aslancami
Ayazlı
Bacanak
Bağlarca
Bahçeler
Başköy
Beyceli
Bolaman
Bozdağı
Bucaklı
Buhari
Bülbülköy
Büyükkoç
Çömlekli
Çöteli
Demirci
Dereyurt
Dolunay
Duayeri
Düğünlük
Dumlupınar
Eskiordu
Evkaf
Fatih
Geyikçeli
Gölköy
Güvercinlik
Hacıköy
Hamlık
Hatipli
Hıdırbeyli
Hoylu
Ilıca
İnönü
İslamdağ
Kabakdağı
Kaleönü
Karataş
Kargucak
Karşıyaka
Kavraz
Kayaca
Kayaköy Akçakese
Kılavuzömer
Kılıçlı
Konakbaşı
Kösebucağı
Küçükkoç
Kulakköy
Küpdüşen
Kurtuluş
Mehmetakif
Meşebükü
Mustafa Kemalpaşa
Oluklu
Örencik
Palazlı Kömürlük
Sakarya
Salihli
Saraytepe
Sazcılar
Sefaköy
Şerefiye
Sudere
Tahtabaş
Taşlıca
Tayalı
Tepecik
Uzundere
Yalıköy
Yapraklı
Yassıbahçe
Yassıtaş
Yavaş
Yenidoğan
Yenikent
Yenipazar
Yeniyurt
Yeşilköy
Yeşiltepe
Yukarıardıç
Yukarıbahçeler
Yukarıtepe
Yusuflu
Economy
The local economy depends on agriculture and fishing. In the early 20th century, the town thrived as a port and trading post, as there was no coastal road to in the region. There are fishing fleets harboured at the port in Fatsa and in the small districts of Yalıköy and Bolaman (Polemonium) and in the hamlet of Belice, which forms a natural harbour. The Black Sea Coastal Highway runs through Fatsa bringing passing trade.
Before the 20th century, maize and rice were the main grains grown in the hinterland. From the 1920s onwards, the coastal swamps were dried up by irrigation works, rice growing ceased and the town grew. During this time, hazelnuts were introduced to the area. About 80% of arable land is planted with hazelnuts. The higher mountain areas of the district are covered in forest.
Places of interest
The countryside and coast of Fatsa are lush in spring and summer time. A number of places in and around the town attract visitors, including;
The Belice rock on sea
The ruins of the Pontic Greek Göreği Monastery, 5 km west of Fatsa
Mount Çıngırt ancient rock tombs and vaults
Lake Gaga - 10 km south-east of Fatsa
The ruins of Bolaman Castle and the Haznedaroğlu mansion
Town's promenade
The mineral water springs of Ilıca
The annual Fatsa Çınar Festival was used to be held in July which included concerts, sports competitions, a beauty contest and various other activities. The last festival was held in 2008.
Notable natives
Hekimoğlu İbrahim - Folk hero and outlaw who was involved in the skirmishes between the local Chveneburi (Muslim Georgian) and Turks in the early 20th century (b. Fatsa ? - d. Fatsa 1918)
Soytaroğlu İsmail - Folk hero and outlaw who was involved in the skirmishes between the local Chveneburi and Turks in the early 20th century (b. Vona ? - d. Ordu 1923)
Alexander Deligiannidis (Αλέξανδρος Δεληγιαννίδης) (b. Fatsa 1914 - Thessaloniki, Greece 1969) - Ethnic Pontic Greek from Fatsa. Served in the Greek Parliament as a member of the National Radical Union Party.
Takis Terzopoulos (Τάκης Τερζόπουλος) (b. Fatsa 1920 - d. Katerini, Greece 1989) - Ethnic Pontic Greek from Fatsa. Served as a mayor of Katerini in Greece.
Fikri Sönmez ("Fikri The Tailor") - Revolutionary, mayor of Fatsa. Ethnic Chveneburi (b. Fatsa 1938 - d. Amasya 1985)
Ali Poyrazoğlu - Actor and director, who spent his childhood in Fatsa (b. 1943, Istanbul - )
Dursun Ali Akınet - Folk poet, ethnic Chveneburi (b. Fatsa 1945 - )
Kadir İnanır - Actor and director (b. Fatsa 1949 - )
Erdoğan Arıca - Football player and coach (b. Fatsa 1954 - d. Istanbul 2012)
Mehmet Gümüş - Singer (b. Fatsa ? -)
Eyüp Fatsa - Politician, member of the Turkish Parliament (b. Fatsa 1961 - )
Levent İnanır - Actor (b. Fatsa 1962 - )
İlhan Saygılı - Diplomat, served as the Consul General of Turkey in Frankfurt, Germany until 2011. (b. Fatsa ? - )
Soner Arıca - Model and singer (b. Fatsa 1966 - )
Moody E. Prior - (1901-1996) - Ethnic Pontic Greek- Birth name Papadapolous- Northwestern University professor of the Humanities and English and an authority on Shakespeare - Dean of the Graduate School
References
External links
District governor's official website
Populated places in Ordu Province
Black Sea port cities and towns in Turkey
Fishing communities in Turkey
Populated coastal places in Turkey
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatsa |
Feke is a municipality and district of Adana Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,218 km2, and its population is 15,833 (2022). It is 122 km from the city of Adana, 620 m above sea-level, a small town on attractive forested mountainside. The current mayor is Ahmet Sel (MHP).
History
The area was settled by the Hittites in the 16th century BC, the Persians in the 6th century BC, conquered by Alexander the Great in 333 BC, and later passed into the hands of the Romans and Byzantines.
Feke commands a pass across the Taurus mountains directly north of Adana, and a castle was first built in the Byzantine period. The name then was Vahka and has since mutated to today's spelling Feke.
Beginning in the 10th century AD the Byzantine government forcibly settled Armenians into Cilicia to act as guards on the frontier with Syria. With the collapse of Byzantine rule in Asia Minor after the Battle of Manzikert it fell upon the Armenians in Cilicia to defend themselves, and in 1097/98 they managed during the reign of Constantine I to capture this castle and rebuild most of the Greek fortifications. It became an important stronghold for the Rubenid barons, who later became the rulers of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. It was captured by the Mameluks and then the Ottomans.
Below the castle are the imposing remains of a two-story early Byzantine church and a late antique/medieval town.
The impressive circuit walls, towers, and vaulted chambers of the castle are positioned at the top of an elongated mountainous outcrop, primarily flanking the more accessible western side. Sheer cliffs precluded the need for defenses at the east. The outer gatehouse, which consists of a winding staircase and an elaborate bent entrance, leads to the summit. Here there are cisterns, residential quarters, and embrasured loopholes for archers. Most of the exterior masonry is the typical Armenian rusticated ashlar with finely drafted margins.
Composition
There are 48 neighbourhoods in Feke District:
Akkaya
Akoluk
Bağdatlı
Bahçecik
Belenköy
Çandırlar
Çondu
Çürükler
Değirmenciuşağı
Gaffaruşağı
Gedikli
Göbelli
Gökçeli
Gürümze
Güzpınarı
Hıdıruşağı
İncirci
İslam
Kaleyüzü
Karacaoğlan
Karacauşağı
Kaşaltı
Kayadibi
Kazancı
Keklikçe
Kırıkuşağı
Kısacıklı
Kızılyer
Koçyazı
Konakkuran
Kovukçınar
Mansurlu
Musalar
Olucak
Ormancık
Ortaköy
Oruçlu
Paşalı
Şahmuratlı
Sülemişli
Süphandere
Tenkerli
Tokmanaklı
Tortulu
Uğurlubağ
Yaylapınar
Yerebakan
Yeşildüşmüş
References
External links
Municipality website
District governor website
Extensive photographic survey, description and plan of Vahga Castle / Feke
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Mamluk castles
Populated places in Adana Province
Districts of Adana Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feke |
Felahiye (Armenian: Ռումտիկին, Rumdigin/Rumtikin) is a municipality and district of Kayseri Province, Turkey. Its area is 444 km2, and its population is 5,419 (2022). The mayor is Vural Coşkun (AKP)
Composition
There are 19 neighbourhoods in Felahiye District:
Acırlı
Alparslan
Beyler
Büyüktoraman
Büyüktoraman Hürriyet
Büyüktoraman İstiklal
Cumhuriyet
Darılı
İsabey
Kale
Karaşeyh
Kayapınar
Kayapınar Cumhuriyet
Kayapınar Fatih Sultan Mehmet
Kepiç
Kuruhüyük
Menteşe
Silahtar
Yeni
References
Populated places in Kayseri Province
Districts of Kayseri Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felahiye |
Nadia Mariel di Cello (born January 20, 1989) is an Argentine actress who was born in Argentina and raised and developed her career in Argentina.
Biography
Nadia Mariel di Cello was born on January 20, 1989, in Argentina. She has an older sister named Natalia di Cello.
Career
Nadia di Cello, debuted as an actress in 1996 at age 7 in Chiquititas, being together with Camila Bordonaba the actresses that lasted the longest in the cast. Between 1996 and 2001, she made the theatrical seasons of Chiquititas. In 2001, she was summoned by Cris Morena for the special Chiquititas de Oro where she and the most prominent of all seasons came together to receive the award Chiquititas de Oro. In 2001, she was part of the cast of the film Chiquititas: Rincón de luz. In 2001, she made a special appearance with Sebastián Francini in the television program Poné a Francella. In 2002, she made a special appearance in the youth series Rebelde Way starring Camila Bordonaba, Felipe Colombo, Luisana Lopilato and Benjamín Rojas, where she played Florencia Fernández, the sister of Luna Fernández, a disabled girl whom her mother isolates. In 2003, she was part of the cast of the children's series Rincón de Luz starring Guido Kaczka and Soledad Pastorutti. Between 2003 and 2004, she made the theatrical seasons of Rincón de Luz. In 2006, she was part of the cast of the youth telenovela El Refugio de los Sueños. In 2015, she performed the play La vida prestada. In 2016, she performed the play Princesas rotas. In 2017, she was part of the cast of the miniseries Santos pecadores starring Daniela Cardone and Nazarena Vélez. In 2018, she was part of the cast of the film Huellas. In 2019, she performed the play Amoricia. In 2019, she starred in the play Casa Duarte.
Personal life
On May 24, 2019, she married, Fernando Migliano in a civil ceremony. In 2010 she gave birth to the couple's first child, a boy, whom they called Valentino Migliano. On December 10, 2015, she gave birth to the couple's second child, a girl, whom they called Francesca Migliano. Nadia di Cello is a supporter of football club Boca Juniors. She has named Toy Story as her favourite film, Aaron Carter her idol and Shakira her favourite singer.
Filmography
Television
Television Programs
Theater
Movies
Discography
Soundtrack albums
1996 — Chiquititas Vol. 2
1997 — Chiquititas Vol. 3
1998 — Chiquititas Vol. 4
1999 — Chiquititas Vol. 5
2000 — Chiquititas Vol. 6
2001 — Chiquititas Vol. 7
2001 — Chiquititas: Rincón de Luz
2003 — Rincón de Luz
References
External links
1989 births
Living people
21st-century Argentine women singers
Argentine film actresses
Argentine stage actresses
Argentine television actresses
Singers from Buenos Aires
Mexican people of Italian descent
Mexican emigrants to Argentina
Naturalized citizens of Argentina
Argentine people of Italian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadia%20Di%20Cello |
Dopesick is the third studio album by American sludge metal band Eyehategod, released on April 2, 1996. It was reissued in 2006 as part of Century Media's 10th Anniversary series with three bonus tracks that were recorded during the original Dopesick recording sessions.
Recording and production
After the release of Take as Needed for Pain, Eyehategod's previous album, the band recorded several demos, which were released on various 7" records and splits on various labels, before finally settling down in the fall of 1995 to record a full-length record, Dopesick. The album featured Billy Anderson and Pepper Keenan as producer and co-producer respectively and new bassist Vince LeBlanc. It was recorded at Side One Studios in New Orleans so frontman Mike Williams had to travel often between there and Clinton Hill, Brooklyn in New York City, where he was living at the time.
The recording sessions were infamously chaotic, and involved the studio owner reportedly calling Century Media to ask if the band was mentally unstable, and threatening to kick them out. This particular incident occurred after Mike Williams had attempted to record the sound of smashing glass for the introduction to the album, by smashing a bottle on the floor of the studio. In the process, he slashed open his hand and bled all over the studio floor; this recording did make it to the record as the introduction to the first track, "My Name Is God (I Hate You)". One of the band members then apparently smeared the words "Hell" and "Death to Pigs" in Williams' blood.
The album's recording finished during the winter of 1995. After completion, Brian Patton and Joey LaCaze flew out to San Francisco to mix the album at Hyde Street Studio with Billy Anderson, who would also be the album's engineer.
Release
The album was finally released on April 2, 1996. Thanks to the LP, the band was able to embark on a United States tour in the spring of 1997, supporting White Zombie and Pantera, bringing their music to a far wider audience.
On June 27, 2006, the album was reissued as part of Century Media's 20th Anniversary series of reissues. The new edition included three bonus tracks recorded during the original Dopesick recording sessions.
Music
The album opens with Mike Williams' screams and the sound of a broken bottle. It is somewhat diverse musically, but not in terms of mood. "Dixie Whiskey" has a main riff that sounds, reportedly, like a swamp-bred Black Sabbath. "Dogs Holy Life" and "Non Conductive Negative Reasoning" both feature inventive and ear-grabbing guitar parts before ending abruptly, according to William York of AllMusic. Songs such as "Peace Thru War (Thru Peace and War)" and "Lack of Almost Everything" alternate up-tempo hardcore punk sections with slowed-down grooves. Dopesick sounds slightly different from the band's previous records because it was produced to sound denser and heavier; with the drums more up front in the mix and the guitars sounding especially thick. Chronicles of Chaos''' Gino Filicetti went so far as to describe Michael Williams' vocals as "puke-ridden" in a 1996 review of the album for the webzine.
Critical reception
William York of AllMusic gave the album 4.5 stars of 5, calling it "an exhausting, challenging listen" but "Eyehategod's most musically accomplished and well-rounded statement". He praised the fact that it is varied musically. The extreme tempo alternations in songs such as "Peace Thru War (Thru Peace and War)" and "Lack of Almost Everything" were very well received.
In 2009, the album was chosen as the number 2 sludge record by Terrorizer, which commented that "[v]icious hardcore punk, crushing metallic comedowns and wave upon merciless wave of feedback serve as both a harrowing soundtrack to their ruined lives and a doomed lovesong to the spirit of the South."
Track listing
Music by Jimmy Bower, Brian Patton, Joey LaCaze and Vince LeBlanc. All lyrics written by Mike Williams, except tracks six and seven, by Williams and Alicia Morgan.
The original version of "Depress" can be found in In the Name of Suffering.
Usage in other works
"My Name Is God (I Hate You)", "Dogs Holy Life", "Dixie Whiskey", "Ruptured Heart Theory", "Lack of Almost Everything", "Zero Nowhere", "Methamphetamine", "Broken Down But Not Locked Up" and "Anxiety Hangover" were covered by different bands for For the Sick, a tribute to Eyehategod by various artists released by Emetic Records. "Dixie Whiskey" is also featured in Identity 3...D!, a compilation album released by Century Media Records. Another cover of this track by Intronaut was included in Century Media's cover album Century Media Records: Covering 20 Years of Extremes''.
Personnel
Eyehategod
Mike IX Williams – vocals
Brian Patton – lead guitar
Jimmy Bower – rhythm guitar
Vince LeBlanc – bass
Joey LaCaze – drums
Technical personnel
Billy Anderson – production, engineering, mixing
Perry Cunningham – remastering
Tom Bejgrowitz – additional layout
Charles Elliott – reissue coordination
On the album, the credits for each member of the band are shown in a different way.
References
1996 albums
Eyehategod albums
Albums produced by Billy Anderson (producer)
Century Media Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopesick%20%28album%29 |
Ferizli is a municipality and district of Sakarya Province, Turkey. Its area is 173 km2, and its population is 30,741 (2022). The mayor is İsmail Gündoğdu (AKP).
Composition
There are 24 neighbourhoods in Ferizli District:
Abdürrezzak
Ağacık
Akçukur
Bakırlı
Ceylandere
Damlık
Değirmencik
Devlet
Doğancı
Gölkent
Hocaoğlu
İnönü
İstiklal
Karadiken
Kemalpaşa
Kuzca
Nalköy
Osmanağa Çiftliği
Sarıahmetler
Seyifler
Sinanoğlu
Teberik
Tokat
Yeni
References
Populated places in Sakarya Province
Districts of Sakarya Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferizli |
Scheuchzeria palustris (Rannoch-rush, or pod grass), is a flowering plant in the family Scheuchzeriaceae, in which there is only one species and Scheuchzeria is the only genus. In the APG II system it is placed in the order Alismatales of the monocots.
Description
It is a herbaceous perennial plant, native to cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, where it grows in wet Sphagnum peat bogs. It grows to 10–40 cm tall, with narrow linear leaves alternating up the stem, with a basal sheath. The leaves can be up to 20 cm. The leaf tips are blunt with a conspicuous pore.
It has a creeping rhizome clothed in papery, straw coloured remains of old leaf bases.
The flowers are greenish-yellow, 4–6 mm diameter, with six tepals. They have an inflated sheathing base, 6 stamens and 3 carpels. It flowers from June until August
There are two subspecies, not considered distinct by all authorities:
Scheuchzeria palustris subsp. palustris. Northern and eastern Europe, northern Asia.
Scheuchzeria palustris subsp. americana (Fernald) Hultén. Northern North America.
Etymology
The genus is named after Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, a Swiss naturalist, and his brother, Johann Gaspar Scheuchzer. The species name is from the Latin for a swamp.
The English name refers to its occurrence on Rannoch Moor in central Scotland, the first site in Great Britain the species was known from, and only one where it currently occurs; it is extinct at a few other wetland sites further south in Britain, being found in pools and wet hollows of ancient undisturbed Sphagnum bogs.
References
External links
Monotypic Alismatales genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheuchzeria |
Fethiye () is a municipality and district of Muğla Province, Turkey. Its area is 875 km2, and its population is 177,702 (2022). It is one of the prominent tourist destinations in the Turkish Riviera.
History
Fethiye was formerly known as Makri (). Modern Fethiye is located on the site of the ancient city of Telmessos, the ruins of which can be seen in the city, e.g. the Hellenistic theatre by the main quay.
A Lycian legend explains the source of the name Telmessos as follows: The god Apollo falls in love with the youngest daughter of the King of Phoenicia, Agenor. He disguises himself as a small dog and thus, gains the love of the shy, withdrawn daughter. After he reappears as a handsome man, they have a son, who they name 'Telmessos' (the land of lights).
The city became part of the Persian Empire after the invasion of the Persian general Harpagos in 547 BC, along with other Lycian and Carian cities. Telmessos then joined the Attic-Delos Union (Delian League) established in mid-5th century BC. and, although it later left the union and became an independent city, it continued its relations with the union until the 4th century BC.
Very little is known of the city during the Byzantine times. Surviving buildings attest to considerable prosperity during late Antiquity, but most were abandoned in the 7th–8th centuries due to the Arab-Byzantine Wars. The city was fortified in the 8th century, and appears as "Telmissos or Anastasioupolis" ca. 800. By the 10th century, the ancient name was forgotten and it became known as Makre or Makri (Μάκρη, "long one"), from the name of the island at the entrance to the harbour. There are signs of renewed prosperity in the 12-13th centuries: the city walls were enlarged, a report from 1106 names Makre a centre for perfume production, and geographical works from the 13th century describe the city as a commercial center. The area fell to the Turks in the late 12th or early 13th century.
Telmessos was ruled by the Anatolian beylik of Menteşe starting in 1284, under the name Beskaza.
It became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1424, and was called مكرى Meğri until 1934.
From 1867 until 1922, Meğri was part of the Aidin Vilayet of the Turkish Empire. The town grew considerably in the 19th century, and had a large Greek population at that time. Following the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, the Greeks of Makri were sent to Greece where they founded the town of Nea Makri (New Makri) in Greece. The town was resettled with Turks from Greece. At nearby Kayaköy, formerly Levissi, the abandoned Greek Orthodox church is still standing.
In 1934, the city was renamed Fethiye in honor of Captain Fethi Bey, one of the first pilots of the Ottoman Air Force, who died (together with First Lieutenant Sadık Bey) during an airplane crash on 27 February 1914 near Al-Samra, while attempting to complete the first flight from Istanbul to Cairo.
On 3 August 1953, Air France Flight 152, while en route from Rome to Beirut, ditched into the Gulf of Fethiye off Kızılada. Of the 8 crew and 34 passengers on board, four drowned. The survivors were hosted by the residents during their stay in the town.
Fethiye has experienced many powerful and occasionally destructive earthquakes, most notably the 1957 Fethiye earthquakes on 24–25 April with 67 casualties and 3,200 damaged or destroyed buildings, which constituted 90% of the buildings in the entire city. The town has been rebuilt since then and now has a modern harbor and a marina.
On 14 January 1969, Fethiye was struck by an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2, which caused no deaths, but there were some injuries and significant damage to buildings.
On 10 June 2012, an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1, struck Fethiye. There was no loss of life, but there were some injuries and many houses and workplaces were damaged.
Tourism
Fethiye is one of Turkey's well-known tourist centers and is especially popular during the summer. The Fethiye Museum, which is rich in ancient and more recent artifacts, displays and testifies to the successive chain of civilizations that existed in the area, starting with the ancient Lycians.
Some of the historical sites worth visiting are: Kadyanda (Cadyanda) ancient city, Kayaköy - the abandoned Greek village, Afkule, Gemiler and Aya Nikola. Fethiye is also home to the Tomb of Amyntas, a large tomb built in 350 BC by the Lycians.
The most popular tourist towns of Fethiye are: Ölüdeniz, Çalış Beach area, Hisarönü and Ovacık, Fethiye. Butterfly Valley is in the Fethiye district.
The island of Kızılada in the Gulf of Fethiye, off the city, is a popular stopover for boat tours. Alternatively, there are great diving sites, Afkule being one of the most famous. The Kızılada Lighthouse on the island houses a seafood restaurant and a hostel with nine rooms.
Composition
There are 41 neighbourhoods in Fethiye District:
Akarca
Babataşı
Bozyer
Cami
Çamköy
Çatalarık
Çenger
Çiftlik
Cumhuriyet
Eldirek
Esenköy
Faralya
Foça
Göcek
Gökben
Gökçeovacık
İncirköy
İnlice
Karaağaç
Karacaören
Karaçulha
Karagedik
Karagözler
Karakeçililer
Kargı
Kayaköy
Kesikkapı
Kızılbel
Koruköy
Menteşeoğlu
Nif
Ölüdeniz
Patlangıç
Pazaryeri
Söğütlü
Taşyaka
Tuzla
Yakacık
Yanıklar
Yeni
Yeşilüzümlü
Climate
Fethiye has a Mediterranean climate consisting of hot, long and dry summers with an average of 34 °C (93 °F) in the daytime. Climate change is affecting the temperatures with the summers being more hotter and drier than previously. The winters are mild and rainy with a daytime average of 16 °C (61 °F).
The classification for the climate of Fethiye is Csa (Köppen) and Csal (Trewartha)
Transport
Dalaman Airport serves the Fethiye areas. The most common type of public transportation in Fethiye and nearby area is minibus, commonly known in Turkey as dolmuş (dol-moosh) and numerous routes connect Fethiye with Ölüdeniz, Yaniklar, Kargi, Hisaronu, Ovacik, Seydikemer, Karaçulha.
Areas
The overall metropolitan area of the city of Fethiye stretches inland from the harbor for more than 11 km, incorporating several villages into the city. To the north of the city center is the area of Çalış Plajı (Beach), which incorporates the main street of Barış Manço Bulvarı alongside an extensive promenade along the coast, on which a lot of hotels are based. This beach serves as Fethiye's beach in its own right, since Fethiye does not actually have one itself. To the east, lie the areas of Günlükbaşı, Çamköy, Cumhuriyet, and also Esenköy to the south-east. The city center is defined as the area between the Marina and the Fethiye Market near the football stadium. Approximately 4 km to the south-west and south respectively, lie the towns of Kayaköy and Ölüdeniz, the latter being world-famous for its beach spit and associated Blue Lagoon. The opportunity for paragliding is available from the mountain of Babadağ in Ölüdeniz, from various extreme sports companies located in the area.
Gallery
See also
Marinas in Turkey
Göcek, Fethiye
Seydikemer
Kayaköy
References
External links
Cities in Turkey
Populated coastal places in Turkey
Mediterranean port cities and towns in Turkey
Turkish Riviera
Populated places in Muğla Province
Mediterranean Region, Turkey
Districts of Muğla Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
Greece–Ottoman Empire relations
Greece–Turkey relations
Former Greek towns in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethiye |
Ahiman () is the name of two persons in the Bible:
One of the three giant sons of Anak (the other two being Sheshai and Talmai) whom Caleb and the Israelite spies saw in Mount Hebron (Book of Numbers 13:22) when they went in to explore the promised land. They were afterwards driven out and slain (Joshua 15:14; Judges 1:10).
A Levite who was one of the guardians of the temple after the Exile (1 Chronicles 9:17).
The name means "brother of the right hand" / "brother of a gift", "liberal."
References
Beecher, Willis J. "Ahiman" in the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia.
Set index articles on Hebrew Bible people
Rephaites
Levites
Anakim
he:ענק#הענקים במקרא | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahiman |
Somjibhai Damor (born 20 June 1940) is an Indian Adivasi politician from Gujarat. He was elected to the 6th Lok Sabha in 1977 from Dohad constituency as an Indian National Congress candidate. He was re-elected to the Lok Sabha from the same constituency in 1980, 1984, 1989, 1991, 1996, and 1998. In the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, he was defeated by Babubhai Khimabhai Katara of the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Ahead of the 2004 Lok Sabha elections Damor left Congress, which had refused him a ticket, and joined the Bharatiya Navshakti Party. Damor came third with 8.81% of the votes.
Later Damor joined the Nationalist Congress Party in 2005.
Damor is the president of the Akhil Bharatiya Adivasi Vikas Parishad.
References
External links
Biographical Sketch in Parliament of India website
Living people
1940 births
India MPs 1977–1979
India MPs 1980–1984
India MPs 1984–1989
India MPs 1989–1991
India MPs 1991–1996
India MPs 1996–1997
India MPs 1998–1999
Lok Sabha members from Gujarat
Indian National Congress politicians from Gujarat
Adivasi politicians
Nationalist Congress Party politicians from Gujarat | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somjibhai%20Damor |
Fındıklı (Laz and Georgian: ვიწე Vits'e) is a town in Rize Province on the Black Sea coast of Turkey, east of the city of Rize. It is the seat of Fındıklı District. Its population is 10,886 (2021).
Etymology
The town was formerly known as Vitze (Laz and Georgian: Vits'e), which some claim means "twig" or "branch" in the Laz language and was renamed Fındıklı ("place with hazelnuts" in Turkish) after the hazelnuts grown in the town, although these have now mostly been replaced with tea.
Scholar Özhan Öztürk claims that the town's former and native name comes from the word vis, meaning "town" in the now-extinct Thracian language and other Indo-European languages (Old Persian vith, Avesta visa, Sanskrit vesah, Gothic weihs, etc.). Öztürk claims that Istanbul's old name Byzantion; the town of Vize in Kırklareli Province in western Thracian region of Turkey; the towns of Viçe, Visir, Aşağı Viçe, Arhavi (Arkeo + Vice, "old town"), Visera, and Vizera in the Pontus region of Turkey (where Fındıklı is also located); the towns of Bizirne and Bizeri in the Paphlagonia region of Turkey; the towns of Visa, Visani, Viziru, and Vizireni in Romania; and the town of Vis in Bulgaria derive their names from the same origin.
Geography
Like most Black Sea districts, Fındıklı consists of a small strip of coast and a larger area of hills and mountains behind (which lead up into the Kaçkar Mountains).
There is little flat land in Fındıklı and most of the population lives in two large valleys, the Çağlayan (Laz: აბუ Abu) and the Arılı (ფიცხალა Pitsxala). The climate is typical of the Black Sea coast, six months of dark cloud, four months overcast, six weeks of light cloud and 19 days of sunshine, with light rain at some point during every one of the 365 days of the year. These conditions are ideal for the crops that drive the local economy, namely tea, hazelnuts, and some other fruits. The town currently produces around 32,000 tons of tea and 750 tons of hazelnuts each year. Other produce include milk, meat, eggs, honey and fish, and the new development is the planting of kiwi fruit.
Fındıklı itself is a small market town of 9,980 people. There is little developed industry, and the younger generations regularly migrate away to jobs in larger cities. The town consists of 8 quarters: Aksu, Merkez, Tatlısu, Yenimahalle, Hürriyet, Ilıca, Liman and Sahil.
The people are mostly ethnic Laz.
History
See Rize Province for the history the area, once part of the Colchis i.e. Lazica, Roman Empire, Kingdom of Georgia and the Empire of Trebizond, brought into the Ottoman Empire in 1509, and briefly occupied by Russia at the end of World War I.
Twin towns
Fındıklı is twinned with:
References
Populated places in Fındıklı District
Populated coastal places in Turkey
District municipalities in Turkey
Laz settlements in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%B1nd%C4%B1kl%C4%B1%2C%20Rize |
Firat is a Kurdish name. It is also a latinized version of Fırat, the Turkish equivalent.
Notable persons with that name include:
Firat Arslan (born 1970), German boxer of Turkish descent
Firat Ayverdi (born 1990), Kurdish film actor
Firat Cewerî (born 1959), Kurdish writer, translator and journalist
Firat Ezel Filiz (born 1988), Turkish volleyball player
See also
Fırat (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firat |
Giovanni Evangelisti (born 11 September 1961 in Rimini) is a retired long jumper from Italy. His greatest achievements were the Olympic bronze medal in 1984 and three World Indoor bronze medals. He finished fourth at the 1988 Olympics.
Biography
Despite his records, he is best remembered for the scandal that occurred during the 1987 World Championships. In the long jump final, home officials gave a forged measurement for one of Evangelisti's jumps - recording it as 8.37m instead of 7.85m - which resulted in him winning the bronze medal.
Though initially successful, the scam was eventually exposed by Sandro Donati and others, resulting in Evangelisti relinquishing his medal. Larry Myricks of the United States was instated as the rightful bronze medalist nine months later.
He won 11 medals (nine of them bronze), at the International athletics competitions. His personal best jump was 8.43 metres, achieved in San Giovanni Valdarno on 16 May 1987. This stood as the Italian record until 2007, when Andrew Howe jumped 8.47. He has 59 caps in national team from 1982 to 1994.
Achievements
National titles
He has won 9 times the individual national championship.
4 wins in the long jump (1981, 1982, 1986, 1992)
5 wins in the long jump indoor (1982, 1984, 1987, 1992, 1994)
See also
Italy national athletics team - More caps
Men's long jump Italian record progression
Italian all-time lists - Long jump
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
Italian male long jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Italy
Sportspeople from Rimini
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Athletics competitors of Fiamme Oro
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy
European Athletics Championships medalists
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1991 Mediterranean Games
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20Evangelisti |
Finike, the ancient Phoenix or Phoinix (), also formerly Phineka, is a municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey. Its area is 768 km2, and its population is 49,720 (2022). It lies on the Mediterranean coast of Antalya Province in Turkey, to the west of the city of Antalya, along the Turkish Riviera. It is located on the southern shore of the Teke peninsula, and the coast here is a popular tourist destination. However, Finike is best known for its oranges, the symbol of the town.
History
For centuries Finike, then named Phoenix (or Phoinix; ) was a port town of ancient Lycia, near the mountain of the same name. It was a trading port and the main port of Limyra, the capital city of Lycia. Phoenix was said to have been founded by Phoenicians in the 5th century BC, and thus named after its founders.
The area has been inhabited for much longer than that; archaeologists have found evidence near the town of Elmalı showing that the Teke peninsula has been settled since 3000 BC (although on the coast nothing has been uncovered dating before 2000 BC).
Trade along the coast was established first by the Persians, who relinquished Lycia to the armies of Alexander the Great. However, the coast was always vulnerable to forces from Syria, Egypt and Rhodes until it was brought within the empire of the Ancient Romans and the succeeding Byzantines. Even then the Byzantines were threatened by the Arabian armies coming from the Arabian Peninsula. The Battle of the Masts between the Arab and Byzantine fleet took place near Finike in 654. Eventually the area was lost to the Seljuk Turks in the 13th century. These were succeeded by the Ottoman Empire from 1426.
The town was inhabited by Greeks prior to the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey.
Composition
There are 26 neighbourhoods in Finike District:
Akçaalan
Alacadağ
Arif
Asarönü
Boldağ
Çamlıbel
Dağbağ
Ernez
Eski
Gökbük
Gökçeyaka
Hasyurt
İskele
Kale
Karşıyaka
Kızılca
Kum
Sahilkent
Saklısu
Turunçova
Yalnız
Yazır
Yeni
Yeşilköy
Yeşilyurt
Yuvalı
Demographics
The district has a population of 49,720 (2022). The town itself has 21,765 inhabitants.
Finike today
The local economy depends on agriculture, particularly oranges and other citrus fruits. This is supplemented by income from tourism in the summertime, although because of the lucrative orange production and the distance from Antalya, Finike has not seen the large-scale tourism boom that has so radically changed the other coastal districts of Antalya. Finike is a quiet district where people buzz around on mopeds going about their daily lives. Indeed, many of the visitors that Finike does attract are retired people in search of relaxation. That's mostly because of the construction policy of 1980. That policy made the land more suitable for investment in agriculture rather than in hotels, luxury apartments and other tourist attractions.
A type of pale limestone is quarried at Limyra, and sold as a decorative building material. It is cream colored with a homogeneous structure. Moreover, it is extremely light and that makes it ideal for building walking alleys and streets where only light vehicles pass by. The geologist classify the Limura limestone as with medium density.
The port of Finike is now a yacht marina, and has a small fishing fleet. The coast is rich in marine life, including sea turtles, and fish, including local specialities red porgy (Sparidae) and grouper (Epinephelus); other fish found along the coast include leerfish (Carangidae) and the more widespread Mediterranean varieties such as bluefish, sea bream, sea bass, with swordfish, sardines and others found further out to sea. However, the coast suffers from overfishing, and many varieties, including the porgy, are in decline.
The beaches of Finike are an important nesting ground for Caretta caretta sea turtles, and the rocky parts of the coast are used by the rare Mediterranean monk seal.
Places of interest
The ruins of Limyra are to be seen three miles east of the Finike, they consist of a theatre, tombs, Sarcophagi, bas-reliefs, Greek and Lycian inscriptions, etc.
The ancient city of Arycanda, in a narrow valley off the road to Elmalı.
The ruins of Trysa with a carved frieze depicting Theseus, on the road to Kaş.
The small village of Turuncova, hidden in a small valley of Taurus Mountains, has preserved its traditional lifestyle and culture.
The cave of Suluin.
Wreck of a Phoenician merchant ship from about 1200 BC in Cape Gelidonya
There are doubtless many more places of antiquity that need to be restored.
See also
Turkish Riviera
Blue Cruise
References
External links
Finike CPL
Information On Finike
Setur Finike Yacht Marina
a local information website
Finike MEM
Finike HEM
Turkish Riviera
Antalya
Populated places in Antalya Province
Tourist attractions in Antalya Province
Fishing communities in Turkey
Populated coastal places in Turkey
Districts of Antalya Province
Former Greek towns in Turkey
Lycia
Phoenician colonies in Turkey
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Cittaslow | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finike |
Richard Massingham (31 January 1898 in Sleaford, Lincolnshire – 1 April 1953 in Biddenden, Kent) was a British medical doctor who is principally known for starring in public information films made in the 1940s and early 1950s.
Life
After working in medicine and making amateur films, Massingham set up Public Relationship Films Ltd in 1938 when he noticed that there was no specialist agency making short educational films for the public. In the films he typically played a bumbling character who was slightly more stupid than average, and often explained the message of the film through demonstrating the risks if it was ignored. Films' topics included postal deliveries, how to cross the road, how to prevent the spread of diseases, how to swim and how to drive without causing the road to be unsafe for other users.
Family
Massingham's father was H.W. Massingham (1860–1924) the journalist, and his siblings included writer Harold John Massingham (1888–1952), writer Hugh Massingham (1905–1971) and playwright and actress Dorothy Massingham (1889–1933). He was the son of Emma Jane née Snowdon, the daughter of Henry Snowdon of St. Leonard's Priory, Norwich.
Selected Films
Dr Massingham says... Tell Me If It Hurts (1934)
And So To Work (1936)
The Daily Round (1937)
Surviving the War: The Five Inch Bather (1942)
In Which We Live: Being the Life Story of a Suit Told by Itself (1943)
Post Early for Christmas (1943)
Elopement in France (1944)
An Englishman's home... Down at the Local (1945)
Coughs and Sneezes (1945)
Post-war Blues: The Daily Grind: Pool of Contentment (1946)
Pedal Cyclists (1947)
Watch Your Meters (1947)
Jet-propelled Germs (1948)
Pedestrian Crossing (1948)
Post-war Blues: What a Life! (1948)
30 Miles an Hour (1949)
Another Case of Poisoning (1949)
Handkerchief Drill (1949)
Warning to Travellers (1949)
The Cure (1950)
Help Yourself (1950)
Moving House (1950)
Introducing the New Worker (1951)
In Popular Culture
The animator Cyriak Harris created his animation Breakfast using samples of footage from Massingham's Pedestrian Crossing film: mainly, a shot of a seated Massingham eating breakfast in the middle of a pedestrian crossing, just as a passing car slams into his card table, spilling the contents everywhere.
References
External links
1898 births
1953 deaths
English male film actors
20th-century English medical doctors
People from Sleaford, Lincolnshire
20th-century English male actors
Male actors from Lincolnshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Massingham |
William Evan Price (November 17, 1827 – June 12, 1880) was a businessman and political figure in Quebec, Canada. He was a Conservative Member of Parliament representing Chicoutimi-Saguenay from 1872 to 1874.
Biography
He was born at the Wolfesfield (or Wolfe's Field) Estate (domaine Wolfesfield) in Sillery, in 1827, the son of William Price, a timber baron in the Saguenay region. He joined his father's business, William Price and Company, in the Chicoutimi area. In 1867, with his brothers David Edward and Evans John, he started Price Brothers and Company, which took over the assets of his father's company. In 1872, he defeated Pierre-Alexis Tremblay for a seat in the House of Commons. Although Protestant, he supported the development of Catholic schools in the region. In 1875, he was elected to the Quebec National Assembly in the same riding. He was reelected in 1878 but resigned from his seat in February 1880 because of health problems.
He died at the family estate of Wolfesfield in Sillery, in 1880. Price was buried at Mount Hermon Cemetery in Sillery. A monument was built in his honour at Chicoutimi in 1882. The village of Price, Quebec is named after him.
References
External links
PRICE, WILLIAM EVAN at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Conservative Party of Quebec MNAs
Canadian businesspeople
Politicians from Quebec City
Anglophone Quebec people
Canadian people of Welsh descent
1827 births
1880 deaths
Burials at Mount Hermon Cemetery
People from Sainte-Foy–Sillery–Cap-Rouge | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Evan%20Price |
Benedict John Kerkvliet (born 1943) is Emeritus Professor at the Department of Political and Social Change, School of International, Political & Strategic Studies, Australian National University. He works across the areas of comparative politics, Southeast Asia and Asian studies. Kerkvliet was born and raised in Montana, surrounded by working-class relatives and friends for whom political discussion and debate were part of life. After graduating from the local public high schools, he earned his B.A. at Whitman College (Walla Walla, Washington) and his M.A. and Ph.D. at University of Wisconsin–Madison. He taught at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa) for nearly twenty years before joining the Australian National University in 1992 where he was a Professor and Head of the Department of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies. Kerkvliet currently resides in Hawaiʻi with his wife Melinda.
Research
Kerkvliet is fascinated with how ordinary people deal with big pressures on their lives. He has emphasized research on agrarian politics in Southeast Asia. Closely related is his study of interactions between ordinary people and authorities or other elites. He is currently doing research on local reactions to major recent national policies in the Philippines and Vietnam.
Career highlights
Kerkvliet taught Political Science and Southeast Asian Studies at the University of Hawaiʻi from 1971 to 1991. He has been teaching at Australian National University since 1991. He has received various international fellowships and awards for research and teaching in Asia, Australia, Europe and America. Most importantly, Kerkvliet enjoys working with industrious graduate students and living in and doing research in the Philippines and Vietnam.
Works
Key Publications
Books
Political Change in the Philippines: Studies of Local Politics Prior to Martial Law, editor, (Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1974).
The Huk Rebellion: A Study of Peasant Revolt in the Philippines (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977; paperback edition, 1982) (Reprinted in a Philippine edition by New Day Press, Quezon City, 1979 and several times since; Reprinted with addition of a bibliographic essay, Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002)
Everyday Forms of Resistance in Southeast Asia, co-edited with James C. Scott, (London: Frank Cass, 1986), originally a special issue of Journal of Peasant Studies 13 (January 1986).
Everyday Politics in the Philippines: Class and Status Relations in a Central Luzon Village (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990, paperback and hardback). Reprinted in a Philippine edition by New Day Press, Quezon City, 1991 (Reprinted with addition of "Postscript" (pages 274–289) and bibliography, Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002)
From Marcos to Aquino: Local Perspectives on Political Transition in the Philippines, co-edited with Resil Mojares, (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1991; and Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi Press, 1992).
Dilemmas of Development: Vietnam Update 1994, editor, (Canberra: Department of Political and Social Change, ANU 1995).
Vietnam's Rural Transformation, co-edited with Doug J. Porter (Boulder: Westview Press, and Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1995).
Transforming Asian Socialism: China and Vietnam Compared, co-edited with Anita Chan and Jonathan Unger (Sydney: Allen and Unwin; and Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).
Mot so Van De ve Nong Nghieip, Nong Dan, Nong Thon o cac Nuoc va Viet Nam [Some issues regarding agriculture, peasants, and the countryside abroad and in Vietnam], co-edited with Nguyen Quang Ngoc and James C. Scott (Hanoi: NXB The Gioi – World Publishing House, 2000).
Getting Organized in Vietnam: Moving in and around the Socialist State, co-editor with Russell H. K. Heng and David W. H. Koh (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2003).
Beyond Hanoi: Local Government in Vietnam, co-edited with David G. Marr (Singapore and Copenhagen: ISEAS Publications and NIAS Press, 2004).
The Power of Everyday Politics: How Vietnamese Peasants Transformed National Policy (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005). (co-published for an Asia edition with the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore)
Speaking Out in Vietnam: Public Political Criticism in a Communist Party-Ruled Nation (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2019). (co-published by ISEAS Publishing, Singapore, for distribution in Southeast Asia)
Selected articles and other writings
"A Critique of Raymond Aron's Theory of War and Prescriptions," International Studies Quarterly, 12 (December 1968): pages 419-442
"Additional Source Materials on Philippine Radical Movements," Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 3 (Summer-Fall 1971): pages 83-90.
"Peasant Society and Unrest Prior to the Huk Rebellion in the Philippines," Asian Studies, 9 (August 1971): pages 164-213.
"Peasant Rebellion in the Philippines: The Origins and Growth of the HMB," (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1972).
"A Critique of the RAND Report on the Philippines," Journal of Asian Studies, 32 (May 1973): pages 489-500.
"Politics of Survival: Peasant Responses to 'Progress' in Southeast Asia," Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 4 (September 1973): pages 241-268. Co-authored with James C. Scott.
"How Traditional Rural Patrons Lose Legitimacy: A Theory with Special Reference to Southeast Asia," Cultures et developpement, 5:3 (1973): pages 500-540. Co-authored with James C. Scott. Reprinted in Steffen W. Schmidt, et al. (eds.), Friends, Followers, and Factions: A Reader in Political Clientelism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), pages 439–457.
"The Philippines: Agrarian Conditions in Luzon Prior to Martial Law," Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 5 (September 1973): pages 36-40.
"Agrarian Conditions Since the Huk Rebellion: A Barrio in Central Luzon," in Kerkvliet, ed., Political Change in the Philippines: Studies of Local Politics Prior to Martial Law (Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1974), pages 1–76.
"All Show, No Go: Land Reform in the Philippines," The Nation, 11 May 1974, pages 586–589.
Testimony about conditions in the Philippines, U.S. Senate, Subcommittee on Foreign Operations (24 May 1974), and House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Asian and Pacific Affairs (5 June 1974). Printed in the Congressional Record, 120 (4 June 1974): S-9564-70.
"Land Reform in the Philippines Since the Marcos Coup," Pacific Affairs, 47 (Fall 1974): pages 286-304.
"Peasants and Marxists in Asia: A Review Article," Peasant Studies, 6 (October 1975): pages 7-11.
"Land Reform: Emancipation or Counterinsurgency?" in David A. Rosenberg, ed., Marcos and Martial Law in the Philippines (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979), pages 113–144.
"Difference among Philippine Peasants: A Provincial Sample," Philippine Sociological Review, 27 (July 1979): pages 133-159. Co-authored with Werasit Sittitrai.
"Resources for Research on Local Philippine Society," Philippine Studies Newsletter, 8 (October 1980): pages 3-9.
"Classes and Class Relations in a Philippine Village," Philippine Sociological Review, 28 (January–December 1980): pages 31-50.
"The Meaning of Martial Law in a Nueva Ecija Village, the Philippines," Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 14 (October–December 1982): pages 2-19.
"Profiles of Agrarian Reform in a Nueva Ecija Village," in Antonio Ledesma, et al., eds., Second View From the Paddy (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1983), pages 41–58.
"Possible Demise of the Marcos Regime," Crossroads: Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 1 (October 1983): pages 67-83.
"Documentary Methods: Review of Two Films," Pilipinas: A Journal of Philippine Studies, 5 (Fall 1985): pages 110-113.
"Everyday Resistance to Injustice in a Philippine Village," Journal of Peasant Studies, 13 (January 1986): 107-123; also in Scott and Kerkvliet, ed., Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance in Southeast Asia (London: Frank Cass, 1986).
"Patterns of Philippine Resistance and Rebellion, 1970-1986," Pilipinas: A Journal of Philippine Studies, 6 (Spring 1986): pages 35-52.
"Peasants and Agricultural Workers: Implications for United States Policy," in Carl Lande (ed.), Rebuilding a Nation: Philippine Challenges and American Policy (Washington, D.C.: The Washington Institute, 1987), pages 205–218.
"'We Are Being Oppressed by Those Already Well Off': Political Thought and Action of Wage Workers in Rural Central Luzon, the Philippines," in Michael Pinches and Salim Lakha, eds., Wage Labour and Social Change in Asia (Clayton, Victoria: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, 1988), pages 67–92 (also Quezon City: New Day Press, 1992, pages 68–94).
"Understanding Politics in a Rural Community During the Transition from Marcos to Aquino," in Kerkvliet and Mojares, eds., From Marcos to Aquino (Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1991), pages 226–46.
"The Transition from Marcos to Aquino," co-authored with Resil Mojares, in Kerkvliet and Mojares, eds., From Marcos to Aquino, pages 1–12.
"Claiming the Land: Take-overs by Villagers in the Philippines with Comparisons to Indonesia, Peru, Portugal, and Russia," Journal of Peasant Studies 20 (April 1993): pages 459-493.
"State-Village Relations in Vietnam: Contested Cooperatives and Collectivization." Working Paper, Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, 1993. 28 pages.
"Withdrawal and Resistance: the Political Significance of Food, Agriculture, and How People Lived During the Japanese Occupation in the Philippines," in Laurie Sears, ed., Autonomous Histories, Particular Truths: Essays in Honor of John Smail. (Madison: University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1993), 175-94. An earlier appeared in Bernd Martin and Alan Milward, eds., Agriculture and Food Supply in World War Two (West Germany: Scripta Mercaturae, 1985), pages 297–316.
"Politics of Society in the Mid 1990s," in Ben Kerkvliet, ed., Dilemmas of Development: Vietnam Update 1994 (Canberra: Political and Social Change, Australian National University, 1995), pages 5–44.
"Village-State Relations in Vietnam: The Effect of Everyday Politics on Decollectivization," Journal of Asian Studies, 54 (May 1995): pages 396-418.
"Rural Vietnam in Rural Asia," co-authored with Doug J. Porter, in Kerkvliet and Porter, eds., Vietnam's Rural Transformation (Boulder: Westview Press, and Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1995), pages 1–38.
"Rural Society and State Relations in Vietnam," in Kerkvliet and Porter, eds., Vietnam's Rural Transformation.
"Toward a More Comprehensive Analysis of Philippine Politics: Beyond the Patron-Client, Factional Framework," Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 26(September 1995): pages 401-19.
"Contemporary Philippine Leftist Politics in Historical Perspective," in Patricio Abinales, ed., The Revolution Falters: The Left in Philippine Politics after 1986 (Ithaca, New York: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1996), pages 9–27.
"Contested Meanings of Elections in the Philippines," in R. H. Taylor, ed., The Politics of Elections in Southeast Asia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, and Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1996), pages 136–63.
"Partial Impressions of Society in Vietnam," in Adam Fforde, ed., Doi Moi: Ten Years after the 1986 Party Congress (Canberra: Dept. of Political and Social Change, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 1997), pp. 47–79.
"Land Struggles and Land Regimes in the Philippines and Vietnam during the Twentieth Century," Wertheim Lecture (Amsterdam: Centre for Asian Studies Amsterdam, 1997), 40 pages.
"Comparing the Chinese and Vietnamese Reforms: An Introduction," co-authored with Anita Chan and Jonathan Unger, The China Journal 40(July 1998): pages 1-7.
"Agrarian Transformations in China and Vietnam," co-authored with Mark Selden, The China Journal 40 (July 1998): pages 37-58.
"Land Regimes and State Strengths and Weaknesses in the Philippines and Vietnam," in Peter Dauvergne, ed., Weak and Strong States in Asia-Pacific Societies (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1998), pages 158–174.
“Wobbly Foundations: Building Co-operatives in Rural Vietnam,” Southeast Asia Research 6 (November 1998): pages 193-251.
“Comparing Vietnam and China,” co-authored with Anita Chan, Benedict Kerkvliet, and Jonathan Unger, in our edited book Transforming Asian Socialism: China and Vietnam Compared (Sydney: Allen and Unwin, 1999), pages 1–14.
"Accelerating Cooperatives in Rural Vietnam, 1955-1961," in Bernhard Dahm and Vincent J. H. Hauben, eds., Vietnamese Villages in Transition (Passau: Department of Southeast Asian Studies, Passau University, 1999), pages 53–88.
"Dialogical Law Making and Implementation in Vietnam," in Alice Tay, ed., East Asia, Human Rights, Nation Building and Trade (Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1999), pages 372–400.
"Advocating Vietnam Studies: Phan Huy Le and the Center for Vietnam Studies and Cultural Exchange," in Philippe Papin and John Kleinen, eds., Liber Amirorum: Melanges offerts au Professeur Phan Huy Le (Hanoi: NXB Thanh Nien, 1999), pages 103–17.
"Manuela Santa Ana vda. de Maclang and Philippine Politics," in Alfred McCoy, ed., Lives at the Margin: Biography of Filipinos Obscure, Ordinary, and Heroic (Madison: Center for Southeast Asian Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison; and Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2000), pages 389–421.
“Political Ironies in the Philippines,” forward for book by Jennifer Conroy Franco, Campaigning for Democracy: Grassroots Citizenship Movements, Less-The-Democratic Elections, and Regime Transition in the Philippines (Quezon City: Institute for Popular Democracy, 2000), pages xv-xxii (New York City: Routledge, 2001), pages xxi-xxiv.
"Analyzing the State in Vietnam," Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 16:2 (2001): pages 179-86.
"An Approach for Analyzing State-Society Relations in Vietnam," Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia 16:2 (2001): pages 238-78.
"Reverberations of Freedom in the Philippines and Vietnam," in Robert Taylor, ed., Freedom in Africa and Asia (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2002), pages 182–213, 297-308.
"Grappling with Organizations and the State in Contemporary Vietnam," in Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet, Russell H. K. Heng, and David W. H. Koh, eds., Getting Organized in Vietnam: Moving in and around the Socialist State (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2003), pages 1–24.
"Authorities and the People: An Analysis of State-Society Relations in Vietnam," in Hy V. Luong, ed., Postwar Vietnam: Dynamics of a Transforming Society (Boulder: Rowman & Littlefield, and Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2003), pages 27–53.
“Agrarian Policy Renovation in Vietnam from the Bottom Up,” Taiwan Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 1 (October 2004): pages 19-36.
"Surveying Local Government and Authority in Contemporary Vietnam," in Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet and David G. Marr, eds., Beyond Hanoi: Local Government in Vietnam (Singapore and Copenhagen: ISEAS Publications and NIAS Press, 2004), pages 1–27.
"Politics in Vietnam’s Red River Delta in the 1970s-1980s (and Why it is Relevant to the 2000s)," in Edwina Palmer, ed., Asian Futures, Asian Traditions (Kent: Global Oriental, 2005), pages 143–56.
"Political Expectations and Democracy in the Philippines and Vietnam," Philippine Political Science Journal, 26 (no. 49, 2005): pages 1-26.
"Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Markets Tempered by Family, Community and Socialist Practices," Journal of Agrarian Change 6 (July 2006): pages 285-305.
"In-Depth Research and Knowledge Accumulation About Agrarian Politics in Southeast Asia," in Erik Martinez Kuhonta, Dan Slater, and Tuong Vu, eds., Southeast Asia in Political Science: Theory, Region, and Qualitative Analysis (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008), pages 129-43.
"Forms of Engagement between State Agencies & Civil Society Organizations in Vietnam," co-written with Nguyễn Quang A and Bạch Tân Sinh. Prepared for the VUFO-NGO Resource Centre, Hanoi, December 2008 (63 pages).
"Everyday Politics in Peasant Societies (and Ours)," Journal of Peasant Studies, 36:1 (2009): pages 227-43. Reprinted in Critical Perspectives in Rural Development Studies, pages 215–31, edited by Saturnino M. Borras Jr. (London: Routledge, 2010).
"Southeast Asia," in R.A.W. Rhodes, ed., The Australian Study of Politics (England: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), pages 257-67.
"Workers’ Protests in Contemporary Vietnam (with Some Comparisons to those in the Pre-1975 South)," Journal of Vietnamese Studies, 5:1 (2010): pages 162-204. Republished with some revisions as "Workers' Protests in Contemporary Vietnam," in Labour in Vietnam, edited by Anita Chan (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2011), pages 160-210.
"Governance, Development, and the Responsive-Repressive State in Vietnam," Forum for Development Studies 37 (March 2010): pages 33-60.
"A Different View of Insurgencies," In Search of a Human Face: 15 Years of Knowledge Building for Human Development in the Philippines (Quezon City: Human Development Network, 2010), pages 268-79.
“Government Repression and Toleration in Contemporary Vietnam,” Working Paper 119, Southeast Asia Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Small articles, mainly on aspects of Philippine history, society, and politics have been published in the Encyclopedia of Asian History (New York: Scribners, 1987), Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Books, 1998), Los Angeles Times, International Herald Tribune, Honolulu Star-Bulletin, Honolulu Advertiser, and The Australian
External links
Vietnam Studies Association of Australia
Living people
Whitman College alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
American political scientists
Writers from Montana
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa faculty
1943 births
Academic staff of the Australian National University | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Kerkvliet |
Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome (IPEX syndrome) is a rare autoimmune disease. It is one of the autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes. Most often, IPEX presents with autoimmune enteropathy, dermatitis (eczema), and autoimmune endocrinopathy (most often Type 1 diabetes), but other presentations exist.
IPEX is caused by mutations in the gene FOXP3, which encodes transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3). FOXP3 is widely considered to be the master regulator of the regulatory T cell (Treg) lineage. FOXP3 mutation can lead to the dysfunction of CD4+ Tregs. In healthy people, Tregs maintain immune homeostasis. When there is a deleterious FOXP3 mutation, Tregs do not function properly and cause autoimmunity.
IPEX onset usually happens in infancy. If left untreated, it is often fatal by the age of 2 or 3. A bone marrow transplant is generally considered the best treatment option. IPEX exclusively affects males and is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner; female carriers of pathogenic FOXP3 mutations do not have symptoms and no female cases are known.
Presentation
Classical triad
The classical triad describes the most common symptoms of IPEX: intractable diarrhea, type 1 diabetes, and eczema. Symptoms usually begin shortly after birth.
Other symptoms include: thyroid disease, kidney dysfunction, blood disorders, frequent infections, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and food allergies, among others.
Endocrinopathy
The most common endocrinopathy associated with IPEX is type 1 diabetes, especially neonatal diabetes. In this type of diabetes, the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells. This makes the pancreas unable to produce insulin. Diabetes can permanently damage the pancreas.
Thyroid disorders are also common.
Enteropathy
The most common enteropathy associated with IPEX is intractable diarrhea. Vomiting and gastritis are also common. Other manifestations include Celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, and ileus.
Skin manifestations
The most common form of skin involvement is dermatitis. It can occur in three forms: eczematiform (mainly atopic dermatitis), ichthyosiform, psoriasiform, or a combination. Other skin manifestations can include cheilitis, onychodystrophy, and alopecia.
Early life
IPEX patients are usually born with normal weight and length at term. Nevertheless, the first symptoms may present in the first days of life, and some reported cases labeled newborns with intrauterine growth restriction and evidence of meconium in the amniotic fluid.
Genetics
FOXP3 gene
IPEX syndrome is inherited in males in an X-linked recessive pattern through the FOXP3 gene. FOXP3'''s cytogenetic location is Xp11.23. The FOXP3 gene has 12 exons and its full reading open frame encodes 431 amino acids. FOXP3 is a member of the FKH family of transcription factors and contains a proline‐rich (PRR) amino‐terminal domain, central zinc finger (ZF) and leucine zipper (LZ) domains important for protein–protein interactions. It also has a carboxyl‐terminal FKH domain required for nuclear localization and DNA‐binding activity. In humans, exons 2 and 7 may be spliced and excluded from the protein.
FOXP3 mutations
A large variety of mutations have been found, including single base substitutions, deletions, and splicing mutations. Data from 2018 describes over 70 mutations in the FOXP3 gene leading to IPEX syndrome. This number has grown dramatically in the past decade. In 2010 there were only 20 mutations of FOXP3 known in the literature. Some mutations cause FOXP3 expression to malfunction, which leads to a defect in Treg production. Those individuals do not have circulating CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+ Treg cells. Reduced expression of FOXP3 has been described, and these individuals may express normal levels of dysfunctional protein, which leads to mild symptoms during the neonatal period or later in life. Other individuals express no FOXP3 protein. A common location for mutation of FOXP3 leading to expression of malfunctioning protein is the DNA-binding domain called the forkhead domain. The mutation makes the truncated protein unable to bind to its DNA binding site. This impairs its function concerning Treg development and functioning. The absence or dysfunction of Tregs causes autoimmune symptoms.
FOXP3 pathways
FOXP3 can function as both a repressor and a trans‐activator of Treg cells depending on its interactions with other proteins. FOXP3 expression is characterised by controlling transcription, influencing epigenetic changes and post-transcriptional modifications. The N‐terminal repressor domain of FOXP3 can change transcription or epigenetic regulation of Treg cells. Transcriptional activity is altered through interactions between the N-terminal domain and Eos - which associates with CtBP1 and forms a corepressor complex. This complex binds the IL2 promoter and enables FOXP3 to repress IL2 transcription in Treg cells. FOXP3 forms complexes with histone deacetylase (HDAC)7, HDAC9, and the histone acetyl transferase TIP60, which alters epigenetic activity of Treg cells. The N‐terminal domain of FOXP3 can also antagonize the transcription factors RORγ and RORα, thereby inhibiting TH17 cell differentiation. FOXP3 is linked to TCR signaling by downstream transcription factors. All of these findings verify the importance of FOXP3 in the regulation of transcriptional activity and repression in Treg cells.
Diagnosis
Early detection of the disease is crucial because IPEX has a high mortality level if left untreated. IPEX is usually diagnosed based on the following criteria:
Clinical triad
Family history
Laboratory findings: elevated serum concentration of IgE, eosinophilia, autoimmune anemia and decreased number of FOXP3 Treg cells.
Genetic testing: single-gene testing and multigene panel.
Treatment
Individuals with IPEX will usually need supportive care in a hospital. Most common is nutritional treatment for enteropathy and insulin therapy for T1D. IPEX treatment tends to focus on managing symptoms, reducing autoimmunity, and/or treating secondary conditions. Usually, treatment will involve immunosuppression.
Drugs used include:
Cyclosporin A
Tacrolimus
Sirolimus
Rituximab
Currently, the standard treatment for IPEX is a bone marrow transplant. If donor-recipient chimerism is achieved, individuals with IPEX can achieve complete remission.
Research
In 1982, Powel et al. published a case report of a family with 19 males who were affected by an X-linked syndrome with symptoms including polyendocrinopathy and diarrhea. The most common symptoms in this family were severe enteropathy, T1D, and dermatitis. Only 2 of the 19 affected males in the family survived past 3 years old. These individuals lived to 10 and 30 years old. Powel's study is now widely considered the first documentation of IPEX.
Scurfy mouse Scurfy is a type of model mouse used for immunology research. Scurfy mice have had 2 base pairs inserted within the FOXP3 gene. This leads to a frameshift mutation in FOXP3 gene and the expressed protein is truncated, causing functional deficiency of Treg cells. Then, autoreactive CD4+T cells and inflammatory cells cause tissue damage. Scurfy mice have an enlarged spleen and lymph nodes, squinted red eyes, and scaly or "ruffled" skin. The mice also have immunity problems and tend to die approximately 3 weeks after birth. From 2000 - 2001, multiple studies confirmed that IPEX is the human equivalent of scurfy'' mice and that the FOXP3 gene is responsible.
See also
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
FOXP3
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2
References
Further reading
External links
Autoimmune diseases
Transcription factor deficiencies
Diseases of immune dysregulation
Syndromes affecting immunity
Rare genetic syndromes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPEX%20syndrome |
Kevin Neale (18 July 1945 – 17 September 2023) was an Australian rules footballer who played for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL). Later in his career, he was a player-coach or captain-coach for a number of teams in the Australian Capital Territory, before eventually becoming a full-time coach.
St Kilda
Kevin Neale was born on 18 July 1945. He was recruited from Hampden Football League (HFL) club South Warrnambool, where he played in seven grand finals in a row. He was nicknamed "Cowboy". The origin of the nickname is uncertain; it was possibly for his bow-legs and his rolling gait, but coach Alan Jeans once said he played like a cowboy.
Recruited by St Kilda as a nineteen-year-old, , ruckman, Neale played his first match for St Kilda against North Melbourne on 22 May 1965 (round 6), as a back-pocket/ruckman. He initially played in the backline (as the first change, resting in the back-pocket ruckman), but was moved to full-forward in 1966. He was selected as the back-pocket ruckman in St Kilda's "Team of the Century" in May 2001. He kicked five goals in St Kilda's 1966 Grand Final win over Collingwood, and held the club record of 16 finals games, until it was beaten by Robert Harvey. Neale was known for a brutal bump on Peter Hudson in the 1971 VFL grand final. A concussed Hudson kicked into the man on the mark, losing his chance to beat Bob Pratt's record of 150 goals in a single season. The Saints went on to lose the match. Nonetheless, Neale won the club best and fairest award in 1973.
Neale played for Victoria in the interstate match against Tasmania in Hobart, on Saturday, 16 June 1967. He was selected at full-forward, and kicked four goals in the match (he was moved from full-forward in the second half because Victoria's centre half-forward Peter McKenna had not kicked a goal in the first half of the match).
At the end of the 1976 season, it was thought that Neale would retire from playing with St Kilda; however, the team prevailed upon him to play yet another season, and he played in 20 of St Kilda's 22 matches that season, playing his last match as the back-pocket ruckman, in a losing St Kilda side, 17.10 (112), against Richmond 25.21 (171) at the MCG on 27 August 1977 (round 22).
In his VFL career at St Kilda, he had played in 256 games, and scored 301 goals.
Australian Capital Territory
Towards the end of his career at St Kilda, numerous offers were made to Neale to leave St Kilda and take up a coaching position. At the start of 1975, he was offered the position of player-coach at Turvey Park in the South-West League for three years at $25,000 () per annum. St Kilda talked him out of accepting the lucrative offer; however, towards the end of the 1975 season, the Albury Football Club in the Ovens & Murray Football League offered him a three-year contract totalling $35,000 () as captain-coach, which worked out to be about $11,667 () per annum, about one-third of the original Turvey Park offer.
In 1978, he moved to Canberra, and was appointed the captain-coach of the Ainslie Football Club. In that year, he was also the captain-coach of a combined Australian Capital Territory (ACT) team in the Escort Cup competition. He was still very effective at full-forward, setting a goal-kicking record in 1980. With Neale as its captain-coach, Ainslie won the premiership in 1979, 1980, 1982 and 1983.
Neale was the captain-coach of the combined ACT side that beat the Victorian team by 13 points, 13.17 (95) to 11.16 (82), on 6 July 1980 at Manuka Oval in front of a crowd of 10,600. He scored three goals.
Coached by Bill Stephen, the Victorians were a very strong team including club captains and Brownlow medallists: Francis Bourke of Richmond, captain, Trevor Barker of St Kilda, Malcolm Blight of North Melbourne, Terry Bright of Geelong, Jim Buckley of Carlton, Robert DiPierdomenico of Hawthorn, Jim Edmond of Footscray, Robert Elliott of Melbourne, Neville Fields of South Melbourne, Laurie Fowler of Richmond, Steven Icke of North Melbourne, Rene Kink of Collingwood, Mark Lee of Richmond, Mark Maclure of Carlton, Alex Marcou of Carlton, Merv Neagle of Essendon, Jeff Sarau of St Kilda, Laurie Serafini of Fitzroy, and Michael Turner of Geelong.
For a number of reasons, Ainslie had experienced a dismal 1981 season; but, under the coaching of Neale and, particularly, due to his superb on-field leadership and strength at full-forward, Ainslie won the 1982 premiership. At the end of 1982, he was interviewed by St Kilda, with a view to him replacing Alex Jesaulenko. Neale demanded $50,000 as his salary (St Kilda eventually appointed the ex-Richmond coach Tony Jewell).
In 1983, he began the 1983 season as the captain-coach of the Ainslie Football Club, and was playing as well as he had ever been, despite his advanced age and increased weight.
With Neale in the team, Ainslie won the 1983 premiership; the fourth in his six years as captain-coach. In the 1980 season, he kicked 149 goals; in the 1981 season, he kicked 139 goals; and in the 1982 season, he kicked 125 goals.
South Australia
Because he was no longer able to take the field as a player, Neale was reluctantly released by the Ainslie Football Club, since their club and team structure at the time demanded a playing coach (the club eventually appointed ex-Richmond/ex-Collingwood player Rod Oborne as the captain-coach for the 1984 season).
Cleared by Ainslie, Neale moved to coach the Central District Football Club in the SANFL. He was non-playing coach from 1984 to 1987.
Tuggeranong
Neale coached the Tuggeranong Football Club for three seasons (1993–1995). He coached Ainslie again in 1998.
Death
Kevin Neale died from complications of Alzheimer's disease on 17 September 2023, at age 78.
Footnotes
References
St Kilda Hall of Fame Profile
Saints honour roll
1945 births
2023 deaths
St Kilda Football Club players
St Kilda Football Club premiership players
Trevor Barker Award winners
Ainslie Football Club players
Ainslie Football Club coaches
Central District Football Club coaches
South Warrnambool Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
VFL/AFL premiership players
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Neale |
Gediz may refer to:
Gediz, Kütahya, a town in the Kütahya Province of Turkey
Gediz District, a district of the Kütahya Province of Turkey
Gediz River, a river in the Aegean region of Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gediz |
Gemerek is a town in Sivas Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Gemerek District. Its population is 10,195 (2022). The mayor is Remzi Kılıçdağı (AKP).
References
Populated places in Gemerek District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemerek |
Jolly Katongole (15 December 1985 – 14 May 2015) was a boxer from Uganda, who participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics for his native African country.
Katongole debuted with the national team at the age of 16. He won the bronze medal at the 2003 All-Africa Games in Abuja, Nigeria. Katongole qualified for the Athens Olympics by winning the gold medal at the 1st AIBA African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Casablanca, Morocco. In the final of the event he defeated Morocco's Redouane Bouchtouk. At the Olympics, he was stopped in the first round of the light flyweight (– 48 kg) division by Turkey's eventual runner-up Atagün Yalçınkaya. Following his defeat, Katongole deserted the Ugandan delegation and remained illegally in Greece until he was deported. He struggled with substance abuse issues until his death in 2015, reportedly of tetanus.
References
1985 births
2015 deaths
Light-flyweight boxers
Olympic boxers for Uganda
Boxers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Ugandan male boxers
African Games bronze medalists for Uganda
African Games medalists in boxing
Competitors at the 2003 All-Africa Games
Boxers from Kampala | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolly%20Katongole |
Genç (, , ) is a town in Bingöl Province in Turkey. It is the seat of Genç District. Its population is 20,763 (2021). The mayor is Mehmet Zeki Dirik (AKP).
The town is populated by Kurds.
Neighborhoods
The town is divided into the neighborhoods of Cumhuriyet, Kültür, Yenişehir, Yeşildere and Yoldaşan.
Demographics
On the eve of World War I, there were 4,344 Armenians in the sanjak of Genç. There was a small community of 240 Armenians in the city proper, with one church, St. Paul, and a school.
In 2011, the population of Genç district was 35,208, of which 19,123 live in the city itself.
References
External links
official website of the municipality of Genç
Populated places in Bingöl Province
Genç District
District municipalities in Turkey
Kurdish settlements in Bingöl Province
Former Armenian communities in Bingöl Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%A7%2C%20Bing%C3%B6l |
Agnese Possamai (born 17 January 1953 in Lentiai) is a retired middle-distance runner from Italy. Her greatest achievements were the 1985 World Indoor silver medal as well as three European Indoor gold medals.
Biography
She won eleven medals at senior level (9 individual, 2 team) at the international athletics competitions. Her personal best times are 4:08.84 (1500 metres) and 8:37.96 (3000 metres). She has 60 caps in national team from 1977 to 1988.
Achievements
National titles
Agnese Possamai has won 24 times the individual national championship.
Italian Athletics Championships
800 metres: 1978, 1979 (2)
3000 metres: 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1987 (5)
1500 metres indoor: 1979, 1980, 1981, 1984, 1986 (5)
3000 metres indoor: 1982, 1983, 1984 (3)
cross country running: 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986 (7)
Italian Mountain Running Championships
Mountain running: 1980, 1981 (2)
See also
Italy national athletics team - Multiple medalists
Italian Athletics Championships - Women multi winners
Italy national athletics team - Women's more caps
Italian all-time top lists - 800 m
Italian all-time top lists - 1500 m
References
External links
1953 births
Living people
Sportspeople from the Province of Belluno
Italian female middle-distance runners
Italian female mountain runners
Olympic athletes for Italy
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Italy
Athletes (track and field) at the 1979 Mediterranean Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1983 Mediterranean Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1987 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
Italian Athletics Championships winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnese%20Possamai |
Professor Jonathan Unger (born 1946) is a journalist and an expert on China. His major works include The Transformation of Rural China and The Nature of Chinese Politics from Mao to Jiang (as editor). Unger is currently conducting research on Chinese state-owned factories. He was editor and co-editor of The China Journal from July 1987 until July 2005.
Research interests
Social stratification in China; rural Chinese social and economic change; workers and factory life; Chinese nationalism.
Key publications
Education Under Mao: Class and Competition in Canton Schools, University of Columbia Press, 1982.
(co-author) Chen Village Under Mao and Deng, University of California Press, 1992.
(ed.) Chinese Nationalism. Armonk, M.E. Sharpe, 1996.
The Transformation of Rural China. Armonk, M.E. Sharpe, 2002.
Career highlights
Academic staff member of the Institute of Development Studies, University of Kansas; University of Washington and Leiden University before coming to Australian National University
External links
Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University
The New York Review of Books
Australian sinologists
1946 births
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Unger |
Gerede is a town in Bolu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is located on the highway from Istanbul to Ankara (approximately from Ankara, where the road to the Black Sea coast branches off). It is the seat of Gerede District. Its population is 23,547 (2021). Elevation is about 1,300 m. The mayor is Mustafa Allar (AKP).
History
In Roman times, the town was called Cratia (Κρατεία) and was part of the Roman province of Honorias, whose capital was Claudiopolis in Honoriade.
Ecclesiastical history
Cratia was a metropolitan see, also called Flaviopolis or Flavianopolis. The names of some its bishops are known because of their participation in ecumenical councils: Epiphanius at the Council of Ephesus (431), Genethlius represented by the priest Eulogius at the Council of Chalcedon (451), Diogenes at the Second Council of Constantinople (553), Georgius at the Third Council of Constantinople (680–681), Constantinus or Constans at the Second Council of Nicea (787), Basilius at the Council of Constantinople (869), as well as at the Council of Constantinople (879). In addition, Philetus was one of the Eastern Arian bishops who withdrew from the Council of Sardica in about 344 and set up a rival council at Philippopolis. Paulus stood firm against the Empress Aelia Eudoxia in her persecution of John Chrysostom in 403. Plato was a member of a synod that met in 518. Abramius took part in the synod called in 536 by Patriarch Menas of Constantinople. No longer a residential bishopric, Cratia is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.
Ottoman period
Under the Ottoman Empire, Gerede was an established town and was visited by the 16th-century traveller Evliya Çelebi, who described a town of 1,000 homes and 10 mosques, with a military base.
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Gerede was part of the Kastamonu Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire.
For many the name Gerede evokes Hüsrev Gerede, a key companion of Atatürk in the Turkish War of Independence (of 1919-1922). He was later given the surname Gerede for his success in leading the town's rebellion against the occupying forces during that conflict.
Present state
Gerede today is a small town with a number of tanneries and leather workshops, but even though the highway is so close the town is growing slowly, perhaps because of the forbidding climate.
Gerede has many high meadows (yayla) and places in the forest for walking and picnics, particularly near the wood of Esentepe. A number of Turkish football teams have their summer training camps here, attracted by the fresh mountain air. Esentepe also has ski slopes and cross-country skiing in winter.
History of Gerede district in which Esentepe Natural Park is located goes back to AC 3-4th century. Esentepe Natural Park is a beautiful place in which unique antique trees. The height of the Esentepe Natural Park is 1450 meters, and it is located on 407 square meter area. Esentepe Natural Park has te centennial trees which have long history.
In 1988, after opening a 100-bed capacity 3-star hotel in Esentepe Natural Park, the number of foreign and domestic tourists has increased. Due to its nearness, the number of visitors coming from Ankara and Istanbul has also increased.
Nature
Gerede has a very rich variety of flora and fauna. In this region red deer, roe deer, wild boar, grey wolf, red fox, golden jackal, marten, brown bear, European badger, hedgehog, shrew, Eurasian lynx, wild cat, jungle cat, hare, mole, stoat, weasel, mallard duck, common pochard, ruddy shelduck, red-breasted goose, greylag goose, golden eagle, eastern imperial eagle, greater spotted eagle, rough-legged buzzard, long-legged buzzard, common buzzard, Eurasian eagle-owl, long-eared owl, little owl, barn owl, European bee-eater, goldcrest, short-toed eagle, western marsh harrier, northern goshawk, Eurasian sparrowhawk, black kite, hen harrier, saker falcon, barbary falcon, Eurasian hobby, common kestrel, red-footed falcon, great spotted woodpecker, green woodpecker, hoopoe, blue-cheeked bee-eater, white stork, black stork, raven, common quail, partridge, common kingfisher, red squirrel, southern crested newt, banded newt, smooth newt, common toad, European green toad, European tree frog, European spadefoot toad, agile frog, long-legged wood frog, marsh frog, Caspian turtle, spur-thighed tortoise, stellion, slowworm, sheltopusik, Darevskia, European green lizard, Balkan green lizard, Ophisops elegans, common wall lizard, grass snake, Caspian whipsnake, Coronella austriaca, Aesculapian snake, Elaphe quatuorlineata, dice snake, otter, various rodents, various carps like fish and trouts are found. Vegetation is winter resistant conifer forests. On the mountains pure fir and spruce forests occupies a very large area. At lower elevations Scots pine, black pine, oak, beech, hornbeam, elm, maple, hazel etc. are found.
Places of interest
The ruins of the medieval castle, Keçi Kalesi.
There are also a number of mosques and caravanserai from the Seljuk and Ottoman periods.
There is an oil-wrestling contest in the wood of Esentepe every July and a country fair (panayır) in October.
References
External links
Gerede Municipality
Populated places in Bolu Province
Gerede District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerede |
Keith Tenniswood is a British DJ, producer, and remixer. He was one half of the electronic act Two Lone Swordsmen alongside Andrew Weatherall, and produces music on his own as Radioactive Man. He co-runs the Control Tower electro label with Simon Brown, and co-ran the Rotters Golf Club imprint with Weatherall. Tenniswood has also worked with David Holmes on his album Let's Get Killed (1997), the Aloof, Red Snapper, Death in Vegas and Primal Scream.
Discography
Albums
Radioactive Man (Rotters Golf Club, 2001)
Booby Trap (Rotters Golf Club, 2003)
Fabric 08 (Fabric 2003)
Growl (2008)
Waits and Measures (WANGTRAX, 2012)
Luxury Sky Garden (2017)
Singles
"Dive and Lie Wrecked" (Rotters Golf Club, 2001)
"Sector 6 12"|Sector 6" (Control Tower, 2001)
The Uranium EP (Rotters Golf Club, 2001)
"Wrecked Remixes" (Rotters Golf Club, 2002)
"Itisanditisnt" (Rotters Golf Club, 2003)
"Wrecked Remixes" (Rotters Golf Club, 2002)
Ye Olde Skoole Rayve EP (Control Tower, 2006)
"Go Ahead London" (Tuppence, 2018)
References
English DJs
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
English record producers
Living people
Electronic dance music DJs
Remixers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Tenniswood |
Gerger () is a town of Adıyaman Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Gerger District. It is mainly populated by Kurds of different tribal backgrounds and had a population of 2,753 in 2021. The mayor is Erkan Aksoy (AKP).
History
According to The Geographical Journal in 1896, Gerger had 750 inhabitants with most being Kurds, with the exception of few Ottoman officials and Armenians.
In 2018, archaeologists discovered a cave which used during religious ceremonies by Christians during the Byzantine period. Cross figures found inside the cave.
References
District municipalities in Turkey
Populated places in Adıyaman Province
Gerger District
Kurdish settlements in Adıyaman Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerger |
Avahi may refer to:
Avahi (genus), a genus of woolly lemurs, which are primates that inhabit Madagascar.
Avahi (software), a zeroconf networking implementation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avahi |
Gevaş (, ) is a municipality and district of Van Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,544 km2, and its population is 26,918 (2022). In the last elections of March 2019, Murat Sezer from the Justice and Development Party (AKP) was elected Mayor. As Kaymakam, Hamit Genç was appointed by President Recep Tayyip Erdoĝan in July 2019.
The municipality is populated by Kurds.
History
Historically, Gevaş was for some time the main town of the Armenian kingdom of Vaspurakan and later between the 14th and 15th centuries the centre of a small Kurdish emirate. In their time the settlement had moved nearer to the lake. Later the town was incorporated in the Ottoman Empire. Before World War I, the district had a Muslim majority with a large Christian Armenian minority.
Main sights include surviving ruins of the castle, the monumental tomb known as Halime Hatun Kümbeti, built in 1358, very likely for the daughter of a local emir, a mosque built before 1446 (restoration in that year), the tomb of Sheikh Ibrahim, father of Halime Hatun as well as the ruins of an Armenian church in Ili, probably built after 941 and an Armenian Church/monastery on Kuşadası Island west of Aghtamar Island.
Composition
There are 42 neighbourhoods in Gevaş District:
Abalı
Akdamar
Aladüz
Altınsaç
Anaköy
Atalan
Aydınocak
Bağlama
Bahçelievler
Barışık
Dağyöre
Daldere
Değirmitaş
Dereağzı
Dilmetaş
Dokuzağaç
Elmalı
Göründü
Gündoğan
Güzelkonak
Hasbey
Hişet
İkizler
İnköy
Karşıyaka
Kayalar
Kazanç
Kızıltaş
Koçak
Kurultu
Kuşluk
Orta
Pınarbaşı
Selimiye
Timar
Töreli
Uğurveren
Uysal
Yanıkçay
Yemişlik
Yoldöndü
Yuva
References
Populated places in Van Province
Districts of Van Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Van vilayet
Kurdish settlements in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geva%C5%9F |
Zazu may refer to:
People
Ray Farrugia (born 1955), Maltese football coach and former player nicknamed "Zazu"
Éléa Zazu, runner-up in the French reality competition series The Circle
Jessi Zazu, co-founder and former member of the rock band Those Darlins
Zazu Nova, a participant in the 1969 Stonewall riots
ZaSu Pitts (1894–1963), American actress sometimes credited as Zazu Pitts
Arts and entertainment
Zazu (The Lion King), a character in the film The Lion King
Zazu Torque, a character in the anime and manga series Magic Knight Rayearth
Zazu (album), 1986 debut album by Rosie Vela
Other uses
Cyclone Zazu (2020)
ZAZU, the vehicle identification number of several models of the Citroën AX supermini car
See also
Zazou, a subculture in France during World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zazu |
Gökçebey (before 1954: Tefen Pazarı) is a town in Zonguldak Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Gökçebey District. Its population is 8,673 (2022). It was a town within Devrek District until 1990, and has been a municipality since 1972. The Ankara-Zonguldak railway passes through it. The mayor is Vedat Öztürk (İYİ).
References
Populated places in Gökçebey District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6k%C3%A7ebey |
Palavayal is a village in the eastern hilly areas of Kasaragod district in the Indian state of Kerala. Palavayal consists of small villages like Odakkolly, Chavaragiri and Malankadavu. Palavayal is separated from another town Pulingome (Separated by Kariangode River and connected by a bridge across this River) which is in Kannur District.
Catholic Church in palavayal is in the name of apostle John.
Geography
Palavayal is situated on the banks of the Kariangode River also known as tejaswiny which is originated from Brahmagiri hill (not to be confused with the Brahmagiri range further south) in Karnataka. It is the main gateway to Coorg district, Karnataka.
Demographics
As of the 2011 Indian census, Palavayal had a population of 9,923 in 2,371 households. Males constitute 49.85% of the population and females 50.15%.
Transportation
This village is connected to Karnataka state through Panathur. There is a 20 km road from Panathur to Sullia in Karnataka from where Bangalore and Mysore can be easily accessed. Locations in Kerala can be accessed by driving towards the western side. The nearest railway stations are Nileshwar railway station (36 KM) and Payyanur railway station (42 KM) on Mangalore-Palakkad line. There are airports at Kannur (70 km) Mangalore (128 km) and Calicut (180 KM).
References
Nileshwaram area | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palavayal |
Göksun (, or , Koukousós; or ; ) is a municipality and district of Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,942 km2, and its population is 50,676 (2022). It is near one of the sources of the Ceyhan River (ancient Pyramos), in the ancient region of Cataonia.
History
Cucusus has an ancient history, first included in Cataonia, then in Cappadocia, and then in the Roman province of Armenia Secunda. The Byzantine bishops, Paul the Confessor (died 350 AD), John Chrysostom (died 407 AD) and Emperor Basiliscus (died 476 AD) either died in or were exiled to this remote place. Of its bishops, Domnus took part in the Council of Chalcedon (451), Longinus was a signatory of the joint letter of the bishops of the province of Armenia Secunda to Byzantine Emperor Leo I the Thracian in 458 concerning the murder of Proterius of Alexandria, Ioannes was at the Second Council of Constantinople (553), and another Ioannes at the Trullan Council of 692. No longer a residential bishopric, Cucusus is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.
In the mid-10th century the town received many Armenian immigrants and by 1097, when the army of the First Crusade marched arrived at Cucusus, they encountered a large prosperous town populated by Armenians. The town, most likely with its own wall, remained under control of the Armenian princes of Cilicia but was abandoned due to Türkmen raids around 1375, with its inhabitants taking refuge in the towns of Hadjin and Zeitun. After that, the town became part of the Beylik of Dulkadir before it was conquered by the Ottomans in 1515. In April 1915, the remaining Armenian population of Cucusus was deported during the Armenian Genocide.
2009 helicopter crash
On March 25, 2009, a chartered helicopter carrying Great Union Party's (BBP) Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu, three of his party's local leaders, and a reporter crashed at Mount Keş. The pilot and all the passengers but the reporter were killed. Ismail Güneş, who initially survived, made an emergency call reporting the accident. A massive search and rescue operation, attended by thousands and assisted by helicopters and aircraft, was conducted. However, the wreckage and the five bodies were recovered only 47 hours later. The corpse of the reporter was found five days later far from the crash site.
Composition
There are 76 neighbourhoods in Göksun District:
Acıelma
Ahmetçik
Alıçlıbucak
Altınoba
Apıklar
Arslanbeyçiftliği
Bahçelievler
Berit
Bozarmut
Bozhüyük
Büyükçamurlu
Büyükkızılcık
Çağlayan
Çamdere
Çardak
Cumhuriyet
Değirmendere
Doğankonak
Elmalı
Ericek
Esenköy
Fındıkköy
Fındıklıkoyak
Gölpınar
Göynük
Gücüksu
Güldağı
Güller
Hacıkodal
Hacımirza
Hacıömer
Harbiye
Huğtaş
Kaleboynu
Kaleköy
Kamışcık
Kanlıkavak
Karaahmet
Karadut
Karaömer
Kavşut
Kayabaşı
Kazandere
Keklikoluk
Kemalpaşa
Kınıkkonaz
Kireçköy
Kızılöz
Kömürköy
Köprübaşı
Korkmaz
Küçükçamurlu
Kurtuluş
Mahmutbey
Mehmetbey
Mevlana
Mürselköy
Ortatepe
Payamburnu
Pınarbaşı
Saraycık
Sırmalı
Soğukpınar
Tahirbey
Taşoluk
Temürağa
Tepebaşı
Tombak
Yağmurlu
Yantepe
Yeni
Yeniyapan
Yeşilköy
Yiricek
Yoğunoluk
Yunus Emre
References
Sources
External links
Populated places in Kahramanmaraş Province
Districts of Kahramanmaraş Province
Roman towns and cities in Turkey
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Former Armenian inhabited settlements
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6ksun |
Suhayl ibn ʿAmr (), also known as Abū Yazīd, was a contemporary of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a prominent leader among the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. Clever and articulate, he was known as the Khatib (orator) of his tribe, and his opinion carried great weight among them.
Family
He was the son of Amr ibn Abd Shams, of the Amir ibn Luayy clan, and Uzza bint Sufyan, from the Umayya clan, both of the Quraysh tribe. He had four half-brothers.
Sakran ibn Amr, whose mother was Hiyah bint Qays al-Khuzaiyah. He was the first husband of Sawdah bint Zam'ah and the father of Abdulrahman.
Hatib, whose mother was Asma bint al-Harith ibn Nawfal. He was the husband of Rayta bint Alqama and the father of Amr.
Sahl, whose mother was also Asma bint al-Harith ibn Nawfal. He was the husband of Safiyya bint Amr ibn Abd al-Wud and the father of Amir.
Sulayt, whose mother was Khawla bint Amr ibn al-Harith. He was the husband of Fatima bint Alqama and father of Salit.
Suhayl is described as a tall, fair-skinned, handsome man of pleasant appearance, though he had a cleft lower lip.
He married three times and had several children.
Fatima bint Abdul-Uzza
Hind bint Suhail, who married Hasan ibn Ali and was the mother of Yaqoub and Abdurrahman.
Umm Kulthum, who married Abu Sabra ibn Abu Ruhm and was the mother of Sa'd, Sabra, Abdullah and Muhammad.
Sahla bint Suhail, who married Abu Hudhayfa ibn 'Utba and was the mother of Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa.
Fakhita bint Amir ibn Nawfal
Abdullah, who married Layla bint Abdullah and was the father of Umar ibn Abdullah and Ubaydullah.
Al-‘As (later known as Abu Jandal), who married Safiya bint Abd al-Uzza and was the father of Jandal and Abd-Allah.
Al-Hunfa' bint Abu Jahl.
Yazid, who married Ruqayya bint Abdullah ibn Abi Qays and was the father of Abu al-Hasan and Umm al-Hasan.
Early Islam
Suhayl was one of the elders of Mecca in the earliest days of Islam. He was among those tasked with feeding the pilgrims.
He was one of the leaders who refused to protect Muhammad on his return from Ta'if in 620, saying, "Amir ibn Luayy do not give protection against the clans of Kaab," the latter being the majority of the Quraysh.
In 622, the Quraysh heard that some pilgrims from Medina had met with Muhammad at Aqaba and pledged to fight them. Suhayl and some others pursued the Medinans and captured one of their leaders, Sa'd ibn Ubadah. They tied his hands to his neck with his own belt and dragged him by the hair back to Mecca, beating him as they went. Sa'd said that he expected Suhayl to treat him well, but Suhayl delivered "a violent blow in the face". However, when Sa'd called for help, the Quraysh realised he had allies in Mecca and they let him go.
In 624, Suhayl and his son Abdullah set out with the Quraysh army to meet Abu Sufyan's caravan. When they reached Badr, where Muhammad's army was waiting, Abdullah deserted the Quraysh and joined the Muslim side for the Battle of Badr. Suhayl was among those captured and taken prisoner at the battle. Umar offered to knock out his two front teeth so that "his tongue will stick out and he will never be able to speak against you again;" but Muhammad would not allow it. Suhayl was brought to Medina with his hands roped to his neck. He was brought to the house of his former sister-in-law, Sawda, and some disbelievers who call themselves muslims made up false statements stating that Sawda said: "I could hardly contain myself when I saw Abu Yazid in this state and I said, 'O Abu Yazid, you surrendered too readily! You ought to have died a noble death!". Such blasphemous and disbelief words were never reported through strong chain of narrations. The citation is from the book which was written by disbelievers and translated into English by disbelievers as well (Oxford press). The narration regarding this situation is reported in Sunan Abu Dawud 2680 where such disbelief words attributed to Sawda do not exist, and the narration itself is weak.
In due course Mikraz ibn Hafs ibn al-Akhyaf came to negotiate Suhayl's ransom, which Muhammad agreed to take in camels. Since Mikraz did not have the animals with him, he remained in Medina as security while Suhayl returned to Mecca to arrange the payment.
Suhayl was instrumental in concluding the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah in 628. He insisted that the treaty be signed from the Muslim side as Muhammad, son of Abdullah (Muhammad ibn Abdullah) rather than the Prophet Muhammad, saying that the Qurayshi side did not accept his prophethood. Before the writing-up was finished, Suhayl's son Abu Jandal appeared, saying he was a Muslim and wanted to go to Medina. Suhayl slapped his face and reminded Muhammad that they had just agreed that no Meccans would be allowed to desert to Medina. Muhammad concurred, and Abu Jandal had to return to Mecca. Umar walked beside him, offering a sword, which he hoped Abu Jandal would use to kill his father; but Abu Jandal did not take it.
Suhayl joined Ikrimah ibn Abi Jahl in Mecca's final resistance against Muhammad at Khandama Pass. However, the resistance was flattened by Khalid ibn al-Walid's cavalry. When Muhammad entered Mecca as a conqueror, Suhayl converted to Islam along with everyone else. Muhammad gave him a gift of a hundred camels "to win over his heart".
He calmed the Muslims in Mecca after the death of Muhammad.
He participated in the battle of Yarmuk alongside the Muslims.
Death
He died in 639 from the plague epidemic in Imwas, a small village near Jerusalem in Palestine.
References
Companions of the Prophet
Quraysh
7th-century deaths from plague (disease)
639 deaths
556 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhayl%20ibn%20Amr |
Gölbaşı () is a town of Adıyaman Province of Turkey. It stands between Malatya and Gaziantep cities. It is the seat of Gölbaşı District. Its population is 33,373 (2021). The town is next to Lake Gölbaşı.
İskender Yıldırım (CHP) is the incumbent mayor of this town since the 2019 local elections.
References
Gölbaşı District, Adıyaman
Populated places in Adıyaman Province
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6lba%C5%9F%C4%B1%2C%20Ad%C4%B1yaman |
Gölcük, formerly known as Diolkides, is a municipality and district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its area is 217 km2, and its population is 175,940 (2022). The city is located at the northern gulf of Armutlu Peninsula on the coast of Gulf of İzmit, a branch of the Sea of Marmara, in the south of the province.
It is the district, where the 1999 earthquake disaster happened. Gölcük is the location of one of the Turkish Navy's main naval bases. Also, Ford Otosan automobile plant is located in Gölcük. The mayor is Ali Yıldırım Sezer (AKP).
History
It would be more appropriate to start the historical development of Gölcük with the region that the Ancient Greeks and Romans called Bithynia, which also includes Izmit and its surroundings. It is thought that Gölcük was known as Diolkides (Diolkídis in antiquity).
The first step for Gölcük to become a garrison city was taken in 1927. The technical need that emerged with the decision to repair the battleship Yavuz, which was damaged in 1925, led to the establishment of a military shipyard in Gölcük. A pool was built in the same year. The Germans built barracks and repaired Yavuz. Later, these facilities established by the Germans were purchased and the core of the shipyard was established. Parallel to the development of the Turkish Naval Forces, although the fundamental studies were started in 1938, II. World War II prevented these works and the real development of Gölcük Shipyard has been realized since 1950. Gölcük is truly a city founded after the Republic. Except for Halidere, Ulaşlı and Yazlık villages of Gölcük, 21 villages were administered by the Bahçecik Sub-district Directorate of Izmit sanjak.
After the proclamation of the Republic, the town center and the Gendarmerie were established in the village of İhsaniye in 1930. The population of the city of Gölcük started to increase rapidly with the workers and their families coming from the Istanbul shipyards to work in the workshops established for the repair of the battleship Yavuz. In the meantime, Gölcük district was established with the law numbered 3012, which was adopted on June 9, 1936 and entered into force on June 15, 1936. Due to the absence of a building suitable for government offices in Gölcük in the accident organization, it started to work temporarily in the rented buildings in the town of Değirmendere. The Government Mansion, whose construction was completed in a short time, was passed in 1938 and the State organization was settled in Gölcük.
With the establishment of the boiler, the Subdistrict Directorate was abolished from İhsaniye, leaving only the Gendarmerie Organization. In the expropriations made with the Special Expropriation Law No. 3887 enacted in 1942, the Government Organization was transferred to Değirmendere in February 1944, with a decision taken by the Provincial General Assembly, since the Government Mansion remained within the expropriation area. After staying in Değirmendere for 10 years, the government moved back to Gölcük in accordance with the law no. 6322 enacted on March 4, 1954. Due to the government's arrival in Gölcük, the District and Population Organization and the Police Department were established in Değirmendere. This number has increased to 23 by taking Halidere and Ulaşlı villages of Gölcük, which has 21 villages, from Karamürsel. However, with Değirmendere becoming a township, the number of villages decreased to 22. When Damlar District of Saraylı village became a detached village in 1959, the number of villages increased to 23 again.
The Municipality Organization was established in İhsaniye village with the decision of the Council of Ministers dated 06.09.1966 and numbered 4636. Today Gölcük district, one (centre) Gölcük, others; It has 6 towns and 23 villages, namely Değirmendere, İhsaniye, Halıdere, Ulaşlı, Hisareyn, Yazlık. After the 93 War, the Georgian Muslims fleeing the war came from the Adjara region and were settled in the Samanlı Mountains.
Composition
There are 54 neighbourhoods in Gölcük District:
Ayvazpınarı
Değirmendere-Atatürk
Değirmendere-Bucak
Değirmendere-Cumhuriyet
Değirmendere Merkez
Değirmendere-Topçular
Değirmendere-Yalı
Değirmendere-Yukarı
Değirmendere-Yüzbaşılar
Donanma
Dumlupınar
Düzağaç
Eskiferhadiye
Ferhadiye
Halıdere-Körfez
Halıdere-Yalı
Halıdere-Yeni
Hamidiye
Hasaneyn
Hisareyn
Hisareyn-Karaköprü
Hisareyn-Merkez
İcadiye
İhsaniye
İhsaniye-Çiftlik
İhsaniye-Denizevler
İhsaniye-Merkez
İpekyolu
İrşadiye
Kavaklı
Lütfiye
Mamuriye
Merkez
Mesruriye
Nimetiye
Nüzhetiye
Örcün
Panayır
Piyalepaşa
Saraylı
Şehitler
Selimiye
Şevketiye
Şirinköy
Siyretiye
Sofular
Ulaşlı-Yalı
Ulaşlı-Yavuz Sultan Selim
Ümmiye
Yalı
Yazlık Merkez
Yazlık-Yenimahalle
Yeni Mahalle
Yunusemre
See also
Gölcük Naval Base
Gölcük Naval Shipyard
Gallery
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Populated places in Kocaeli Province
Populated coastal places in Turkey
Districts of Kocaeli Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6lc%C3%BCk%2C%20Kocaeli |
Göle (; ; ) is a small city in Ardahan Province of Turkey. The city was formerly known as Merdenik, Merdinik or Ardahan-ı Küçük ("Little Ardahan" in Ottoman Turkish). It is the seat of Göle District. Its population is 5,775 (2021).
Etymology
In Armenian, Göle is known as Kogb (), Merdenek (), or Merrrenek (), also being renamed to Martenik () in 1918. In Greek, the town is known as Gkióle () or Mertenék ().
History
The name derives from Armenian name—Kogh—which may, in turn, derive from ancient kingdom of Colchis. In ancient times this land was part of Urartu. In 4th century BC, it was part of Kingdom of Iberia and remained as one of the district of Duchy of Tsunda. Since 2nd century BC to 4th century AD this place was a part of Greater Armenia. During subsequent centuries it frequently changed hands between Iberians and Armenians. In the 7th century it passed to the Arab Caliphate. In 8th century it became part of Kuropalatine of Iberia in struggle against the Arab occupation. During the 10th–15th centuries, this region was a part of the united Georgian Kingdom. In the 16th century, it was within the independent Principality of Samtskhe until it was occupied and annexed by the Ottoman Empire and organized into the Childir Eyalet. Merdenek was annexed by the Russian Empire in 1878, where it was part of the militarily administered Kars Oblast, specifically within the Gelsky uchastok (subcounty) of the Ardahan Okrug. The district included villages inhabited by various ethnic groups, including 40 Turkish and 13 Caucasian Greek villages. Merdenek was briefly occupied by the Ottoman Empire by virtue of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, however, following their withdrawal in 1919, Armenian control prevailed until late 1920. During the Turkish–Armenian War, the town was occupied by Democratic Republic of Georgia; in 1921, it was annexed by Turkey, as confirmed by the Treaty of Kars.
Places of interest to visitors include the tomb and mosque in the village of Dedeşen and the castles of Kalecik and Ugurtaşı.
Notable people
İsmail Ateş (born 1960), artist and professor
References
Populated places in Ardahan Province
Historical regions of Georgia (country)
District municipalities in Turkey
Göle District
Kurdish settlements in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6le |
Gölmarmara is a municipality and district of Manisa Province, Turkey. Its area is 310 km2, and its population is 15,193 (2022). It lies at a distance of from the province center of Manisa. The town owes its name to the nearby Lake Marmara, called under various names throughout history. The town of Gölmarmara itself was a mere village in Ottoman times cited under such names as "Marmaracık" or "Mermere". It was made into a township with its own municipality depending the district center of Akhisar at the time of the foundation of the Turkish Republic (1923) and in 1987 a district center by its own right and under the same name, Gölmarmara. Gölmarmara lies at an elevation of .
Agricultural lands and forest lands each occupy roughly around 11,500 hectares in the district area, with a few thousand in the fertile plain of the Gediz River valley remaining unused. Lake Marmara, aside from being a recreational center for the province as a whole, is also an important source for fishing and agricultural irrigation. Slightly lower than the town center at , the lake is also an Important Bird Area.
There are six primary schools and two high schools in Gölmarmara, with a total teacher's corpus of 117 and a student's corpus of 3,094. A small professional higher school depending Celal Bayar University is also located in Gölmarmara, its academic corpus composed of six teachers providing education higher education with a professional focus to 144 students.
The town's most important historical building is Halime Hatun Religious Complex built by the Ottoman sultan Mehmed III during his tenure in Manisa (1583-1595) in the name of his wet nurse and his future grand vizier Tekeli Lala Mehmed Pasha's mother-in-law Halime Hatun.
In 2015 an important archaeological discovery was made at Kaymakçı: a Middle and Late Bronze Age city (2000-1200 BC) whose area was approximately 4 times larger than that of Troy.
Composition
There are 21 neighbourhoods in Gölmarmara District:
Atatürk
Ayanlar
Beyler
Çamköy
Çömlekçi
Değnekler
Eskicami
Hacıbaştanlar
Hacıveliler
Hıroğlu
İhsaniye
İsmetpaşa
Kayaaltı
Kayapınar
Kılcanlar
Ozanca
Taşkuyucak
Tiyenli
Yenicami
Yeniköy
Yunuslar
References
Populated places in Manisa Province
Districts of Manisa Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Archaeological sites of prehistoric Anatolia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6lmarmara |
Gölova is a town in Sivas Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Gölova District. Its population is 995 (2022). The mayor is İbrahim Yenidünya (AKP). The name "Gölova" means "lake-plain".
Historically known as Ağvanis, Gölova is located on top of a hill on the edge of the Refahiye plateau and also overlooking the Suşehri plain to the west. To the south are small lakes where water from the Çobanlı Su's tributaries collects. These lakes water a meadow area called Suşehir ("water-city"; not to be confused with the Suşehri plain to the west), which was historically a stopping place for armies and travelers in general.
History
Gölova is likely equivalent to the ancient Roman settlement known as Olotoedariza in the Antonine Itinerary and Aladaleariza in the 4th-century Notitia Dignitatum. This was the base of a cavalry unit called the Ala Rizena. The etymology of both these names, along with the modern name of Ağvanis, may be from the Armenian word ełigi, meaning "marsh".
See also
Gölova Dam
References
Gölova District
Populated places in Sivas Province
Roman sites in Turkey
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6lova |
Ahohite (a-ho'-hit )
is an epithet applied to the descendants of Ahoah, in particular:
Dodo (father of Eleazar) (or Dodai), one of David's captains (I Chronicles 27:4)
His son Eleazar, one of David's three mightiest heroes (II Samuel 23:9; I Chronicles 11:12)
Zalmon, one of the thirty (II Samuel 23:28; I Chronicles 11:29).
References
"Ahohite" in the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia.
Hebrew Bible people
Epithets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahohite |
Gölpazarı is a town in Bilecik Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Gölpazarı District. Its population is 5,723 (2021). The mayor is Hayri Suer (AKP).
Features
Despite its proximity to the most important metropolises of Turkey, and its fertile lands, Gölpazarı never experienced overpopulation due to its isolated geography by the hills. As a result of archaeological excavations, Phrygians are thought to be the first founders of the town. Roman milestones still exist in the north of the town, passing from the village of Keskin. The town was one of the first Ottoman captured settlements in the region. A caravanserai known as "Taşhan" dated as early as 1412-which is one of the oldest buildings remained from early Ottoman period. Main scripture of the building has also great value on early Ottoman history since it mentions about Köse Mihal.
References
Populated places in Bilecik Province
Gölpazarı District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6lpazar%C4%B1 |
Gölyaka is a town in Düzce Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Gölyaka District. Its population is 10,516 (2022). The mayor is Yakup Demircan (AKP).
References
Populated places in Düzce Province
Gölyaka District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6lyaka |
CKPG-TV (analogue channel 2) is a television station in Prince George, British Columbia, Canada, affiliated with Citytv. The station is owned by the Jim Pattison Broadcast Group, and maintains studios on 3rd Avenue (near Winnipeg Street) in Prince George; its transmitter is located atop Pilot Mountain.
CKPG also operates rebroadcasters in Hixon (CKPG-TV-1, channel 10), Mackenzie (CKPG-TV-4, channel 6), and Quesnel (CKPG-TV-5, channel 13).
History
The station first signed on the air on August 20, 1961, originally operated as a CBC affiliate. It was founded by the owner of local radio station CKPG (1230 AM, now CKDV-FM on 99.3 FM), broadcasting at a transmitter power output of 8,300 watts. The station's president and general manager, Bob Harkins, was one of the first people to appear on-air. In 1965, the station signed on a rebroadcaster in Quesnel on VHF channel 13. In April 1969, both the radio and television stations were purchased by Vancouver-based Q Broadcasting Ltd., owners of CHQM in Vancouver.
On December 12, 1970, Brian "Spinner" Spencer, a rookie hockey player for the Toronto Maple Leafs from Fort St. James, was called up to play with the Leafs in what would be his first NHL game on television. He called back home to his father, Roy Spencer, to tell him to watch the game that night on Hockey Night in Canada. Spencer was to be interviewed between periods during the game. However, CKPG-TV instead aired a game between the Vancouver Canucks and the California Golden Seals in place of the Maple Leafs-Chicago Black Hawks matchup. Infuriated, Roy Spencer drove to CKPG-TV's Prince George studios and ordered the technicians at gunpoint to broadcast the Maple Leafs game instead. The station complied, but as Roy Spencer left the station, he was confronted by RCMP officers. After a brief stand-off, Roy Spencer was shot and killed. The event was later depicted in the 1993 Atom Egoyan-directed made-for-TV movie Gross Misconduct.
In 1973, Gord Leighton was appointed general manager of CKPG-TV and CKPG radio. By 1985, the station had operated six rebroadcasting stations, including three that were owned by the CBC, operating in Hixon, Mackenzie, Quesnel, Vanderhoof, Fort Fraser and Fort St. James. On November 2, 1986, Harkins was awarded the Jeanne Clarke Memorial Local History Award for his contributions to local history and the community. He also served two terms as an alderman, and was involved with the station's operations until he accepted a position at rival radio station CJCI (97.3 FM). Harkins would return to CKPG-TV in the early 1990s, being seen regularly on the programme Community Close-up, on news segments Harkins Comment and Harkins History, and on a station-produced video, Portraits: Bob Harkins.
In 1988, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) renewed the network licence for CKPG-TV and Terrace station CFTK-TV, which allowed the two CBC affiliates to use the corporation's microwave equipment to transfer syndicated programming, when it was not being used for transmitting CBC programs. In 1990, Q Broadcasting Ltd. sold Radio Station CKPG Ltd., and its CKPG Television Ltd. subsidiary, to Monarch Broadcasting. Harkins died at the age of 69 on November 28, 2000. Nearly one month later, on December 21, the CRTC approved the buyout of Monarch Broadcasting by the Jim Pattison Broadcast Group, a division of the Jim Pattison Group, which included CKPG-TV and its retransmitter stations.
In 2001, CKPG-TV and its sister radio stations were a part of the 24-hour Relay for a Friend, held on May 5 and 6 of that year. This event raised $260,000 for cancer research and services. In July 2002, Ken Kilcullen was appointed general manager of CKPG-TV, along with its sister stations CKKN-FM and CKDV-FM. In the fall of 2003, the station was added to Bell ExpressVu's basic tier; competing satellite provider Star Choice later began carrying the station in February 2004. In May 2004, CKPG-TV received the Special Program of the Year award from the BC Association of Broadcasters for its special Crossing the Line, which looked at softwood lumber. On August 27 that year, the CRTC renewed CKPG-TV's licence, recognizing the station's commitment to local news (it carried over ten hours of local programming per week) and extended its CBC affiliation through August 31, 2008. In September 2004, the operations of CKPG-TV and its sister radio stations moved into new studio facilities at 1810 3rd Avenue.
When CBC Television went to a 24-hour schedule in October 2006, CKPG-TV increased the amount of CBC programming in its schedule. Along with the increase in overall hours of programming, the station increased its local programming to over 12 hours a week, including additions of its daily news and information programming.
In September 2007, CKPG announced plans to disaffiliate from the CBC after its affiliation term ended on August 31, 2008. Documents filed with the CRTC indicate the station would begin receiving programming from Canwest. As Global station CHAN already broadcasts over-the-air in Prince George (via a rebroadcast transmitter), CKPG became an E! affiliate, as did Kamloops station CFJC. It was announced that CKPG's retransmitters would not be replaced by the CBC; following the switch to E!, CBC's Vancouver station CBUT became the market's default affiliate through its availability on cable and satellite in Prince George (CBUT's existing rebroadcasters would later shut down in 2012, as part of austerity measures imposed by the network).
It was later announced that the rebroadcast transmitters of another former CBC affiliate that switched to E!, CHAT-TV in Medicine Hat, would not be replaced by the CBC. All three areas became served by other television networks, including the E! system. However, despite the light Francophone population in the absence of an Anglophone network, Radio-Canada station CBUFT out of Vancouver is still available over-the-air in Prince George and Kamloops, and CBUFT's Edmonton sister station CBXFT is still available in Medicine Hat.
On July 14, 2009, the Jim Pattison Group announced that CKPG and its other E! stations would affiliate with Rogers Media's Citytv system starting September 1; despite this, the stations did not incorporate any form of "Citytv" branding. CKPG and CFJC would also become part of a new regional sales initiative known as "inTV". Canwest had previously announced it would either sell or close its E! stations, leaving the Pattison stations without a programming source. On May 3, 2012, Rogers announced the renewal of the Citytv affiliation agreement with Jim Pattison Group, originally slated to expire that August. Beginning September 1, 2012, CKPG began carrying 90% of Citytv's prime time schedule and the majority of its morning and daytime lineup in pattern with Vancouver's CKVU-DT (including a simulcast of the Vancouver edition of Breakfast Television), opting out for local midday and evening newscasts.
Historically, CKPG aired Hockey Night in Canada dated back to the days of CBC affiliation. However, when Rogers bought the national rights to the NHL in November 2013, the Pattison affiliates began to air Hockey Night once again in October 2014.
News operation
CKPG-TV presently broadcasts 15 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with three hours each weekday); the station does not produce any newscasts on weekends. CKPG-TV's local newscasts are titled CKPG News; the station carries a 30-minute lunch hour newscast at noon, an hour-long early evening newscast from 5:00 to 6:00 p.m. and again from 6:00 to 7:00 p.m. along with a 30-minute newscast at 11:00 p.m. on weekdays only. Recorded versions of the 11:00 p.m. newscast are re-aired during overnight hours, until 7am the following morning. The station also produces CKPG News Week in Review, a half-hour recap of the week's top local news stories that airs on Saturdays at Noon and 6:00 p.m., with repeat broadcasts at Noon and 6:00 p.m. on Sunday along with Monday mornings at 6:00 a.m.
Transmitters
CKPG-TV's programming was originally repeated on CBC-owned transmitters in Vanderhoof (CBCB-TV-1, channel 18), Fort Fraser (CBCB-TV-2, channel 13) and Fort St. James (CBCB-TV-3, channel 7); these transmitters switched to CBUT following CKPG-TV's disaffiliation from the CBC.
Digital television and high definition
As of September 2008, CKPG has not yet begun broadcasting a digital signal. According to a 2009 CRTC decision, CKPG-TV is not required to activate its digital signal, as Prince George is not a mandatory market for digital conversion, which took place in most other markets on August 31, 2011. When CKPG-DT signs on its digital signal, it will broadcast on UHF channel 34. However, through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers will display CKPG-DT's virtual channel as its analogue-era VHF channel 2.
References
External links
CKPG-TV official website
KPG-TV
Television channels and stations established in 1961
KPG-TV
Mass media in Prince George, British Columbia
Jim Pattison Group
1961 establishments in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKPG-TV |
"I Still..." is a song from American vocal group Backstreet Boys' fifth studio album, Never Gone (2005). It was released as the third and final single from the album outside the United States on November 25, 2005. The single reached the top 40 in Australia and Greece. This was the last single the band released with Kevin Richardson until 2012.
Music video
The music video depicts the group in a dark urban setting. Each member is filmed in his own setting: Kevin Richardson in a bar, Howie Dorough in a cab, Nick Carter at a bus stop, Brian Littrell on the street and AJ McLean in an alley. The video was directed by Matt McDermitt, whom The Boston Globe reported to be only 19 years old at the time of filming. The music video is noted for its use of slow-motion technique.
Track listings
European CD single
"I Still..." (album version) – 3:49
"Just Want You to Know" (Jason Nevins remix radio edit) – 3:43
Australian CD single
"I Still..." (album version) – 3:49
"I Still..." (Passengerz remix) – 3:17
"Just Want You to Know" (Jason Nevins extended mix) – 6:30
"I Still..." (video enhancement)
Japanese CD single
"I Still..." (album version)
"I Still..." (Passengerz remix)
"Show Me the Meaning of Being Lonely" (live)
"Larger than Life" (live)
"Just Want You to Know" (Jason Nevins remix radio edit)
"Just Want You to Know" (video enhancement)
"I Still..." (video enhancement)
Charts
Release history
References
2005 songs
2006 singles
Backstreet Boys songs
Jive Records singles
Song recordings produced by Max Martin
Song recordings produced by Rami Yacoub
Songs written by Max Martin
Songs written by Rami Yacoub | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Still... |
Gönen is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,162 km2, and its population is 74,871 (2022). It lies on the southern part of Marmara Sea. The town is mostly known for its therapeutic hot springs, leather processing and rice production.
Location
The town is surrounded by Bandırma in the northeast, Biga and Yenice in the west, Marmara Sea and Gulf of Erdek and Balya in the south. Elevation is above sea level.
Names and etymology
The oldest known name of the town is Asepsus (Ασεψούς in Ancient greek). This was also the name of the brook, that flows next to the city center and was crossed by the Roman Aesepus Bridge. Research shows that the subsequent name was Artemea (Αρτεμέα), a derivation of the Greek goddess Artemis.
After the Ottoman conquest the name Gönen was used. The etymological source of that name is still disputed. Widely accepted possibilities are:
Non-Turkish possibilities:
Ka-wana : A word meaning "Sheepland/Sheep Country" in Luwian
Germenon : A word meaning "Hot Spring"
Giunan : A word meaning "Greek" (Yion in ancient Greek), becoming "Giunen" and then "Gonen" in Turkish
Possible meanings in Turkish:
A small pond that dries in summer, small pond, placid water
Humid, wet, well-watered.
Also, some sources indicate that there was a nomadic tribe of the "Yörükan community" bearing the name "Gönen","Gönan" or "Gönenlü". The tribe was loosely based around Adana and Maraş.
History
According to Evliya Çelebi's Seyahatname (In which he collected the notes of his journeys), Gönen was used by the governors of Bursa as a summer holiday location, where they enjoyed the therapeutic uses of the hot springs.
On 18 March 1953, Gönen suffered a M7.3 earthquake which left 50 dead in Gönen and hundreds of buildings damaged. a previous devastating earthquake had occurred here in 1440 AD.
Composition
There are 101 neighbourhoods in Gönen District:
100.Yıl
Akçaali
Akçapınar
Alacaoluk
Alaettin
Alaşar
Altay
Armutlu
Asmalıdere
Atıcıoba
Ayvalıdere
Babayaka
Bakırlı
Balcı
Balcıdede
Bayramiç
Beyoluk
Bostancı
Buğdaylı
Büyüksoğuklar
Çakmak
Çalıca
Çalıoba
Canbaz
Çatak
Çifteçeşmeler
Çiftlikalanı
Çığmış
Çınarlı
Çınarpınar
Çobanhamidiye
Dereköy
Dişbudak
Dumanalanı
Ekşidere
Fındıklı
Gaybular
Gebeçınar
Gelgeç
Geyikli
Gökçesu
Gündoğan
Gündoğdu
Güneşli
Hacımenteş
Hacıvelioba
Hafızhüseyinbey
Hasanbey
Havutça
Hodul
Ilıcak
Ilıcaoba
İncirli
Kalburcu
Kalfaköy
Kaplanobası
Karaağaç Alanı
Karalarçiftliği
Karasukabaklar
Karşıyaka
Kavakalanı
Kavakoba
Keçeler
Killik
Kınalar
Kocapınar
Koçbayırı
Körpeağaç
Korudeğirmen
Köteyli
Küçüksoğuklar
Kumköy
Küpçıktı
Kurtuluş
Malkoç
Muratlar
Ömerler
Ortaoba
Osmanpazar
Paşaçiftliği
Pehlivanhoca
Plevne
Reşadiye
Rüstem
Saraçlar
Sarıköy
Şaroluk
Sebepli
Söğütköy
Suçıktı
Tahtalı
Taştepe
Tırnova
Turplu
Tütüncü
Tuzakçı
Üçpınar
Ulukır
Üzümlü
Yeniakçapınar
Yürükkeçidere
Transport
Using available high speed ferry services, it takes 2 hours to reach Istanbul. The only train route available is to İzmir, but this is mostly used for cargo, rather than passenger transportation. Local air service is available through Bursa. International flights are handled through İstanbul and İzmir.
References
External links
Gönen Kaplıcaları A.Ş. Info about thermal properties of hot springs
Populated places in Balıkesir Province
Districts of Balıkesir Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Spa towns in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6nen |
Easton Bavents is a hamlet and former civil parish, now in the parish of Reydon, in the East Suffolk district of the county of Suffolk, England. Once an important village with a market, it has been much eroded by the North Sea. A map of Suffolk dating from about 1610 shows it to have been the most easterly ecclesiastical parish in England. It is now confined to a stretch of the Suffolk coast to the east of Reydon. In 1961 the parish had a population of 23.
History
The place-name Easton Bavents is first attested in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as Estuna. It takes the form Eston Bavent in the Charter Rolls of 1330. The first part of the name means "eastern settlement". The Feudal Aids of 1316 show that the village was then held by Thomas de Bavent, Bavent being a place near Caen in Normandy.
Medieval Easton Bavents was a parish of some importance, granted a weekly market in the 14th century, with a three-day fair on the feast day of St Nicholas of Myra (6 December). Records show the parish church, dedicated to St Nicholas, was still in use in 1639, and a rector appointed as late as 1666. However, the cliff on which the village was built collapsed. The church itself seems to have sunk under the sea in the latter part of the 17th century. A chapel dedicated to St Margaret the Virgin also disappeared.
The Battle of Solebay in the Third Anglo-Dutch War took place in 1672 off the coast of Easton Bavents, which survived as a fishing village until the 19th century. The continuing erosion of the cliffs makes the area a popular, albeit hazardous area for fossil hunters, who approach it along the beach from Southwold.
The pace of erosion has averaged some 3 metres a year since 1945, although storms and high tides increase the rate. The last three terraced houses on the cliff edge were demolished in January 2020. Author Juliet Blaxland wrote a memoir about living in one of them. Called The Easternmost House, it was published in 2019 and nominated for the Wainwright Prize. On 1 April 1987 the parish was abolished and merged with Reydon.
Residual population
References
External links
Easton Broad and Wood – Stacey Peak Media
Hamlets in Suffolk
Beaches of Suffolk
Former civil parishes in Suffolk
Reydon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easton%20Bavents |
Gördes is a municipality and district of Manisa Province, Turkey. Its area is 902 km2, and its population is 26,458 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
History
Gördes has been held by the Persians, Macedonians, Roman and Byzantine empires, and in 1071AD passed to the Turks. From 1867 until 1922, Gördes was part of the Aidin Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire.
Composition
There are 64 neighbourhoods in Gördes District:
Adnan Menderes
Akpınar
Atatürk
Balıklı
Bayat
Beğel
Beğenler
Benlieli
Beşeylül
Börez
Boyalı
Çağlayan
Çatalarmut
Çiçekli
Çiğiller
Cuma
Dalkara
Dargıl
Deliçoban
Dereçiftlik
Dikilitaş
Divan
Doğanpınar
Dutluca
Efendili
Evciler
Fundacık
Gülpınar
Güneşli
Hüseynibaba
Kabakoz
Kalemoğlu
Karaağaç
Karakeçili
Karayağcı
Karayakup
Kaşıkçı
Kayacık
Kılcanlar
Kıranköy
Kıymık
Kızıldam
Kobaklar
Korubaşı
Köseler
Kürekçi
Kuşlukköy
Kuyucakkarapınar
Malaz
Malkoca
Nakıpağa
Oğulduruk
Pınarbaşı
Şahinkaya
Salur
Sarıaliler
Şeyhyayla
Tepeköy
Tüpüler
Ulgar
Uzunçam
Yakaköy
Yeniköy
Yeşilyurt
Economy
Gördes is one of the handmade Turkish carpet production centers in Manisa. Gördes carpets have different pattern and styles. See: Ghiordes knot.
The main source of income is tobacco and poppy production and wheat, barley is grown. In recent years production of cherries, strawberries has begun production
Other crops include potatoes, peas, tomatoes and cucumbers and wine.
In addition, olive, quince and persimmon cultivation are also carried out in Gördes.
The area has mining with Coal and Zeolite being the main deposits but kaolin, nickel-iron, titanium, zeolite beds are also available. In addition, feldspar, marble, kyanite, chalcedony, chrome, quartz, boron is among mined in the region.
References
External links
District municipality's official website
Road map of Gördes and environs
Various images of Gördes, Manisa
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
Roman sites in Turkey
Populated places in Manisa Province
Districts of Manisa Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6rdes |
Göynücek is a town in Amasya Province, lying just to the north of central Turkey. It is the seat of Göynücek District. Its population is 4,938 (2021). Göynücek sits in the valley of the river Çekerek. The mayor is Kadir Fatih Erdoğan (MHP).
Climate
Göynücek has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa).
References
External links
Göynücek municipality official website
Populated places in Amasya Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Göynücek District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6yn%C3%BCcek |
Cristina Pantoja-Hidalgo (born Cristina Pantoja on 21 August 1944) is a Filipina fictionist, critic and pioneering writer of creative nonfiction. She is currently Professor Emeritus of English & Comparative Literature at the University of the Philippines Diliman and Director of the University of Santo Tomas (UST) Center for Creative Writing and Literary Studies.
Academic career
Pantoja-Hidalgo is a high school valedictorian of St. Paul College Quezon City. She received both her Bachelor of Philosophy (Faculty of Philosophy and Letters) (1964) magna cum laude and MA in Literature (1967), meritissimus, from the University of Santo Tomas. She later received a PhD in Comparative Literature from the University of the Philippines Diliman in 1993. She is a member of the Philippine Literary Arts Council (PLAC).
She previously served as the Vice President for Public Affairs of the University of the Philippines System, Director of the University of the Philippines Press and coordinator of the Creative Writing Program at the Department of English and Comparative Literature of the University of the Philippines Diliman. At UST, Pantoja-Hidalgo held the post of UST Publishing House Director.
Before and after her fifteen years abroad, Hidalgo was a teacher first at the University of Santo Tomas and later at the University of the Philippines. Completing the requirements for her PhD in Comparative Literature, Hidalgo has found many opportunities to read Literary Theory as well as put these into practice in her own works. Hidalgo claimed that she had never considered herself a literary critic; but, just the same, she found it useful to collect five of her critical essays in A Gentle Subversion: Essays on Philippine Fiction in English (1998).
Literary career
Pantoja-Hidalgo has been writing for Philippine newspapers and magazines since the age of fifteen. She has worked as a writer, editor and teacher in Thailand, Lebanon, Korea, Myanmar (Burma) and New York, United States. Her interesting lifestyle, the result of her husband's fifteen-year connection with UNICEF, is reflected in her writing. Pantoja-Hidalgo was originally best known for an unusual kind of autobiographical/travel writing, which includes Sojourns (1984), Skyscrapers, Celadon and Kimchi (1993), I Remember (1991) and The Path of the Heart (1994), "Passages: Travel Essays" (2007), "Looking for the Philippines" (2009), and "Travels With Tania" (2009). Pantoja-Hidalgo later won numerous prizes for her fiction, creative nonfiction, literary scholarship and edited anthologies. She has frequently published many of her creative and critical manuscripts in major publications in Finland, Korea, the Philippines, Thailand and the United States.
Besides travel essays, Hidalgo has published collections of personal essays, The Path of Heart (1994),Coming Home (1997) and "Stella and Other Friendly Ghosts" (2012). She has also edited several anthologies, like "Creative Nonfiction: A Reader" (2003, 2005), "The Children's Hour" (2007, 2008), "Sleepless in Manila: Funny Essays, Etc. on Insomnia by Insomniacs" (2003), "My Fair Maladies: Funny Essays and Poems on Various Ailments and Afflictions" (2005), and "Tales of Fantasy and Enchantment" (2008).
She has encouraged many aspiring writers' efforts by editing their works: Shaking the Family Tree (1998) and Why I Travel and Other Essays by Fourteen Women (2000) with Erlinda Panlilio. Hidalgo found the idea of writing short and simple initiation stories appealing. It reflects in her collection of short stories: Ballad of a Lost Season and Other Stories (1987), Tales for a Rainy Night (1993), Where Only the Moon Rages: Nine Tales (1994), Catch a Falling Star (1999) and the most recent one Sky Blue After The Rain: Selected Stories and Tales (2005).
Hidalgo's critical essays, which reflect her interest in fictional writing by Filipino women, serves a much-needed contribution to a developing body of feminist scholarship in the country today.
Novel: Recuerdo
Recuerdo is an epistolary novel which consists of messages sent through email. The messages are written by Amanda, a middle-aged widow, to her daughter Marisa, a university student. Amanda lives in Bangkok while Marisa is situated in Manila. Through these messages, Amanda manages to sort out her life and helps Marisa understand their family's past. Amanda often tells her own mother's (Isabel) stories in many of these letters.
This way of storytelling resulted to a "Dynasty in Cyberspace" against a backdrop that juxtaposes two entirely different cultures: the first being superstitious while the other sophisticated. The story aims in this way to provide readers a history with which to possibly relate to ---- as it discusses the complexity of life in a world where families share so much heritage and stories often unknown and untold.
Hidalgo espouses a particularly pragmatic stance on this particular novel. It is not rooted in realism nor does it have any attempt on realism ---- it is a romantic novel. Fellow writer Ophelia Dimalanta supports Hidalgo as she says in her review of "Recuerdo", that readers might have the tendency of commenting on "the contravening of some degree of verisimilitude in the narrating of the stories rendered through letters which come regularly and with such contrived continuity and incessantness." Clearly, Dimalanta's response is a way of reinforcing Hidalgo's claim of "Recuerdo" being a romantic novel.
Novel: A Book of Dreams
A novel all about dreams and their respective dreamers. A novel in which the characters live in their own dreams, in particular, those of Angela's. But before readers mistakenly take this for a postmodern novel, the book's blurb adds, "But for all its affinity to the postmodern pastiche, its plot is the traditional one of the search... the quest."
Works
Short fiction
Ballad of a Lost Season, 1987;
Tales for a Rainy Night, 1993 ;
Where Only the Moon Rages, 1994;
Catch a Falling Star, 1999
Sky Blue After The Rain: Selected Stories and Tales, 2005
Novels
Recuerdo, 1996;
Book of Dreams, 2001
Essays / Creative Non-fiction
Sojourns, 1984
Five Years in a Forgotten Land: A Burmese Notebook, 1991
I Remember...Travel Essays, 1992
Skyscrapers, Celadon and Kimchi: A Korean Notebook, 1993;
The Path of the Heart, 1994;
Coming Home, 1998
Passages: Travel Essays, 2007
Looking for the Philippines, 2009
Travels with Tania, 2009
Six Sketches of Filipino Women Writers, 2011
Stella and Other Friendly Ghosts,, 2012
Literary Criticism
Woman Writing: Home and Exile in the Autobiographical Narratives of Filipino Women, 1994;
A Gentle Subversion: Essays on Philippine Fiction, 1998
Over a Cup of Ginger Tea: Conversations on the Narratives of Filipino Women Writers, 2006
Fabulists and Chroniclers, 2008
Anthologies (as editor)
Selections from Contemporary Philippine Literature in English, 1971
Philippine Post-Colonial Studies, 1993 (coedited with Priscelina Patajo-Legasto)
The Likhaan Book of Poetry and Fiction: 1995, 1996
Shaking the Family Tree, 1998
An Edith Tiempo Reader, 1999
The Likhaan Book of Poetry and Fiction: 1997, 1999
Pinay: Autobiographical Narratives by Women Writers, 1926-1998, 2000
Why I Travel and Other Essays, 2000
Sleepless in Manila: Essays on Insomnia by Insomniacs, 2003
My Fair Maladies, 2005
Textbooks
Creative Nonfiction: A Manual for Filipino Writers, 2003
Creative Nonfiction: A Reader, 2003
Honors and awards
Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Short Fiction, Essay and the Novel
Philippine Graphic Awards for Fiction
Focus Awards for Fiction
National Book Awards from The Manila Critics' Circle
British Council Fellowship to Cambridge
U.P. President's Award for Outstanding Publication
U.P. Gawad Chancellor for Artist of the Year
U.P. Gawad Chancellor for Outstanding Teacher (Professor Level)
Ellen F. Fajardo Foundation Grant for Excellence in Teaching
Outstanding Thomasian Writer Award
U.P. Gawad Chancellor Hall of Fame Award
U.P. System International Publication Awards
Henry Lee Irwin Professorial Chair in Creative Writing, Ateneo de Manila University
External links
University of the Philippines Institute of Creative Writing
"Second Thoughts", Manuel Viloria's website on Philippine literature, culture and society
New Officials, University of the Philippines
Gawad Haydee Yorac
UP ICW Website of Gawad Balagtas Recipients
PALH Books
University of Nueva Caceres, Naga City
The Paz Marquez-Benitez Lectures, Ateneo de Manila University
Philippines: Women's Studies Bibliography, University of California, Berkeley
Philippines 2004, UCLA Library
University of Hawaii at Manoa Library
The Country's Literary Produce for 2000 by Bienvenido Lumbera
Your Portal to Philippine Literature
National Book Development Board
The Literary Encyclopedia
World Literature Today 9WLT}
Modern Literature of Southeast Asia
Tulikärpänen filippiiniläisiä novelleja
忘れられた地での5年間：ビルマノート
University of California at Los Angeles
Filipino writers
University of Santo Tomas alumni
1944 births
Living people
English-language writers from the Philippines
University of the Philippines Diliman alumni
Palanca Award recipients
Academic staff of the University of Santo Tomas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristina%20Pantoja-Hidalgo |
Göynük is a town in Bolu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Göynük District. Its population is 4,376 (2021). The mayor is Ahmet Çankaya (MHP), elected in 2019. Its neighbours are Mudurnu from north-east, Nallıhan from south-east, Sarıcakaya from south, Yenipazar from south-west, Taraklı from west and Akyazı from north-west.
History
The area has a long history of occupation going back to the Phrygians, Lydians, Persians and Ancient Romans. It was known as Koinon Gallicanon in antiquity. The Çatak Hamamı bathhouse dates back to the Roman times.
Göynük was absorbed into the Ottoman Empire in the early 14th century. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Göynük was part of the Kastamonu Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire.
Sights
Göynük has over 100 early 20th century Ottoman Empire period houses, these plus the even older mosques, tombs, fountains, and Turkish baths makes it a town of great historical interest, and an attractive location of narrow streets, with a pretty stream running through the centre. The victory tower on the hill at the top of the town and the old Ottoman mansion called "Müderrisoğlu Konağı" at the centre are important landmarks of Göynük.
The most significant entombed saint of Göynük is Akshamsaddin () (1389-1459), an influential Ottoman religious scholar, poet, mystic saint, and guide of Mehmed the Conqueror.
Trivia
Göynük was used as a location of films including Akrebin Yolculuğu by Ömer Kavur, El Yazısı and a number of Turkish TV series e.g. Aynalar and Rüzgarlı Bahçe.
Notable natives
Göynüklü Ahmed Efendi, 18th-century Ottoman bureaucrat, diarist and historian.
Bıçakçı Ömer Dede, original name Omar Sikkin, an edge tool maker and student of Haji Bayram Wali.
Debbağ Dede, a tanner known for his miracle during the Hajj pilgrimage.
Aksungur Dede, one of the first ghazis to cross from Anatolia to Rumelia, 14th-15th century.
References
Populated places in Bolu Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Göynük District
Cittaslow | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6yn%C3%BCk |
Taylor's Wall is a 2001 television film directed by Craig Ross Jr., written by Cheryl McKay and starring Sam Doumit and Lukas Behnken.
Plot
A teenage girl, whose brother was the second victim of two shootings on her campus, starts painting the wall in an attempt to end such school violence. The wall also becomes a point of healing and unity for the students as other students, friends of both the shooters and the victims, start helping Taylor paint the wall. A girl's despair...a teacher's challenge. Taylor wonders why her brother had to die. Her world no longer makes sense. Rebelling against the system, she is nearly suspended from school. A charismatic substitute teacher is her only hope. The teacher and his students share powerful journal entries and Taylor decides she can make a difference by finding a creative outlet for her pain. Taylor's brother, before his death, and eventually Taylor herself work to provide a solution to the root causes of random violence and other crimes committed by teens.
Cast
External links
Family Theater Productions
2001 television films
2001 films
American television films
Religious education
2000s English-language films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%27s%20Wall |
Güçlükonak () is a town and seat of the Güçlükonak District in Şırnak Province, Turkey. The town is populated by Kurds of the Harunan tribe and had a population of 4,462 in 2021.
Neighborhoods
The town is divided into the neighborhoods of Bağlar and Yeni Mahalle.
History
In 1995 as the Şırnak Province was governed in a state of emergency, it was the scene of the in which 11 men lost their lives. As of January 2020, no person has been charged for the massacre.
References
Populated places in Güçlükonak District
Kurdish settlements in Şırnak Province
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BC%C3%A7l%C3%BCkonak |
Giuliana Salce (born 16 June 1955 in Rome) is a retired female race walker from Italy. Her greatest achievement was the 1985 World Indoor gold medal.
In her career she set three world records in the beginning of the women's racewalking.
Biography
She won three medal, at senior level, at the International athletics competitions. She has 17 caps in national team from 1979 to 1987.
After her career in athletics, she tried to go cycling master, but after some time has been involved in an ugly story of doping, after the inevitable disqualification is taken the complaint to the person who was involved and the publication of a book, Dalla vita inn giù, 2011.
World record
Outdoor
5 km walk: 21:51:85 ( L'Aquila, 1 October 1983)
5 km walk: 21:35:25 ( Verona, 19 June 1986)
Indoor
3 km walk: 12:31:57 ( Florence, 6 February 1985)
Achievements
National titles
Salce won 12 national championships at individual senior level.
Italian Athletics Championships
5000 m walk (track): 1982, 1983, 1984, 1987 (4)
10 km walk: 1984 (1)
Italian Indoor Athletics Championships
3000 m walk: 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987 (7)
References
External links
Giuliana Salce at La marcia nel mondo
1955 births
Living people
Italian female racewalkers
Athletes from Rome
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy
Italian masters athletes
World Athletics Indoor Championships winners
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuliana%20Salce |
A Song for Europe is the former name of the British pre-selection competition for the Eurovision Song Contest, now known as Eurovision: You Decide.
A Song for Europe may also refer to:
Malta Song for Europe, the Maltese national pre-selection competition for the Eurovision Song Contest
"A Song for Europe", a song from Roxy Music's 1973 album Stranded
"Song for Europe", a song by Half Man Half Biscuit on the 1995 album Some Call It Godcore
A Song for Europe, a 1985 British TV film with David Suchet, based on the real-life experience of corporate whistle-blower Stanley Adams
"A Song for Europe" (Father Ted), an episode of the sitcom Father Ted | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Song%20for%20Europe%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Güdül is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 540 km2, and its population is 8,079 (2022). It is 90 km north-west of the city of Ankara, off the motorway to Istanbul.
Güdül is a mountainous district with a dry climate featuring cold winters (down to -20 °C), hot summers (up to 35 °C) and a little rain in spring and autumn. There is some agriculture and the crops include hot peppers and chick peas, which are dried and sold as leblebi.
History
Research shows occupation since prehistoric times, and caves along the river Kirmir contain stone workings apparently by the Hittites (2000 BC). Later the area was occupied by Phrygians, Ancient Romans and Byzantines (one of the caves has a carved cross from the early spread of Christianity under Roman rule).
In 1071, the Byzantine armies were defeated by the Turks at the battle of Malazgirt, and soon afterwards all of central Anatolia came under Turkish control. Güdül was occupied by Seljuk Turks, including the lord of Ankara, Şehabüldevle Güdül Bey.
Composition
There are 31 neighbourhoods in Güdül District:
Adalıkuzu
Afşar
Akbaş
Akçakese
Aşağı
Boyalı
Çağa
Çukurören
Emirler
Garipçe
Güneyce
Güzel
Hacılar
Kadıobası
Kamanlar
Karacaören
Kavaközü
Kayı
Kırkkavak
Meyvabükü
Özçaltı
Özköy
Salihler
Sapanlı
Sorgun
Tahtacıörencik
Taşören
Yelli
Yeni
Yeşilöz
Yukarı
Places of interest
The lake and forest near the village of Sorgun, north of Güdül
The caves in the valley of the Kirmir
Image gallery
References
External links
District governor's official website
Populated places in Ankara Province
Districts of Ankara Province
Cittaslow
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCd%C3%BCl |
Great West Television (GWTV) is a television system in regional British Columbia, made up of the following stations:
CKPG, Prince George (owned by Jim Pattison Group; Citytv affiliate)
CJDC, Dawson Creek (owned by Bell Media; CTV 2 affiliate)
CFTK, Terrace (owned by Bell Media; CTV 2 affiliate)
With the exception of local news and other local programming, the majority of the programming on CJDC and CFTK comes from CTV 2, while CKPG obtains the majority of its programs from the Rogers Communications-owned Citytv. Syndicated programs from CHUM Limited had also been seen on these stations until October 2006, when CBC Television expanded to a 24-hour schedule and the GWTV stations accordingly dropped all syndicated shows from their schedules to accommodate the new CBC schedule. This arrangement was used by CKPG until August 31, 2008, when it switched affiliations to E!. Beginning September 1, 2009, CKPG switched affiliations to Citytv after the E! system ceased operations. On February 22, 2016, CFTK and CJDC disaffiliated from CBC and became CTV 2 owned and operated stations.
Great West Television is the successor to a previous mini-network in Northern British Columbia, Northern Television. That sub-system folded in the late 1990s, and was reborn as Great West Television, joined by Jim Pattison Group's CKPG-TV.
References
Canadian television systems
Bell Media
Jim Pattison Group | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20West%20Television |
Pavel Petrovich Kadochnikov (; – 2 May 1988) was a Soviet and Russian actor, film director, screenwriter and pedagogue. People's Artist of the USSR (1979) and Hero of Socialist Labour (1985).
Biography
Pavel Kadochnikov was born in Petrograd in 1915. In 1927, he entered a children's artistic studio, dreaming to become a professional artist, but, because of the severe illness of his father, Pavel, as the elder in the family, was forced to become the apprentice to a metal craftsman. However, he continued to study in the studio. In 1929, he entered the actor's department of theatrical school of TYuZ. In 1935, he graduated from Leningrad Theatrical Institute and until 1944 was an actor in Leningrad's New TYuZ.
He began to act in the cinema in 1935. His first role was Mikhas in the film Maturity. Kadochnikov was not pleased the way he looked on the screen in his early roles, and he decided to never play in the cinema again. He did not stand by this decision. In 1937, he accepted Sergei Yutkevich's invitation and appeared in a minor role in the film The Man with the Gun. In many plays he performed several roles; in one of them he performed at once eight roles. In 1940, he played the roles of worker Lenka Sukhov and writer Maxim Gorky in the film Yakov Sverdlov directed by Sergei Yutkevich. In Ivan the Terrible by Sergei Eisenstein he not only conducted the tragic line of the pretender Vladimir of Staritsa, but also played two small roles (of Chaldean and Yevstafy).
His actor's range can be seen in his lyric roles (Anton Ivanovich is Angry, The Tamer of Tigers) and in the role of Major Fedotov in the Secret Agent by Boris Barnet. The role of Major Fedotov was a cult character of Soviet cinema which mixed the pathetics, manly charm and irony. For the roles he took in the patriotic movies he won the Stalin Prize (in 1948 for the Secret Agent, in 1949 for the role of Aleksey Maresyev in the Tale of a True Man, in 1951 for the role of Kovshov in the film Far from Moscow). Time and again actor appeared in the role of Maxim Gorky. From the 1960s onwards, he began to move away from patriotic roles.
In 1965 Kadochnikov directed his first film Musicians of One Regiment together with Gennadi Kazansky. This film is about the Civil War. It showed his interest in folklore heroes. In 1968 he filmed the fairy tale of Alexander Ostrovsky, titled The Snow Maiden (he also played the role of Berendey). In 1970-1980s, he did roles from the classical repertoire: Triletsky in the An Unfinished Piece for Mechanical Piano, Prince Kuchumov in Easy Money, and the picturesque figures of "Russian old men" (eternal grandfather in Siberiade and uncle Roman in The Seagulls Did Not Fly Here). In Lenin in Paris he plays Paul Lafargue. In later years he played in the character roles (Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, Last Visit); staged films I Shall Never Forget (about the fate of Soviet soldier and his wife, separated by war) and Silver Strings (about the Russian virtuoso balalaika-player Vasily Andreyev).
His granddaughter is Danish-born actress, singer, songwriter and model Nina Bergman.
Filmography
As actor
Yakov Sverdlov (1940) as Maxim Gorky
Anton Ivanovich Is Angry (1941) as Aleksey Petrovich Mukhin
Fortress on the Volga (1942, part 1, 2) as Rudnev
Ivan the Terrible (1944) as Vladimir Andreyevich Staritsky
Hello Moscow! (1945) as Konstantin Nikolaevich Zlatogorov (uncredited)
Robinson Crusoe (1947) as Robinson Crusoe
Secret Agent (1947) as mayor Aleksey Fedotov
Blue Roads (1948) as Sergey Ratanov
Tale of a True Man (1948) as Aleksey Maresyev
Far from Moscow (1951) as Kovshov
A Big Family (1954) as Skobolev
The Boys from Leningrad (1954) as Svetlanov
Tamer of Tigers (1955) as Fyodor Yermolayev
Road to Life (1955) as Maxim Gorky
Ivan the Terrible, Part II (1958) as Vladimir Andreyevich Staritsky
The Slowest Train (1963) as captain Sergey Sergeyev
Snow Maiden (1969) as Tsar Berendey
Farewell to St. Petersburg (1972) as Pavel Maksimov
Winds Blow in Baku (1974) as Kastanov
An Unfinished Piece for Mechanical Piano (1977) as Ivan Ivanovich Triletskiy
The Seagulls Did Not Fly Here (1978) as Roman
Life of Beethoven (1978, TV Movie) as Romain Rolland
Siberiade (1979) as prophetic old man
A Few Days from the Life of I. I. Oblomov (1980) as Pavel Petrovich
Santa Esperansa (1980) as Don Lorenzo
Lenin in Paris (1981) as Paul Lafargue
The Treasures of Agra (1983, (TV Mini-Series) as major Sholto
Quarantine (1983) as great-grandfather
The Blonde Around the Corner (1984) as corresponding member Ogurtsov
Dark Eyes (1987) as 1e Funzionario Pietroburgo
Silver Strings (1987) as Antip Savelich
As director and scenario
Musicians of One Regiment (1965) as director
The Snow Maiden (1968) as director and scenario
I Shall Never Forget (1983) as director and scenario
Silver Strings (1987) as director and scenario
References
External links
Biography
Stories about Kadochnikov
Biography
1915 births
1988 deaths
20th-century Russian male actors
20th-century Russian screenwriters
Male actors from Saint Petersburg
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Russian State Institute of Performing Arts alumni
Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Actor winners
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Honored Artists of the RSFSR
People's Artists of the RSFSR
People's Artists of the USSR
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Russian drama teachers
Russian film directors
Russian male film actors
Russian male stage actors
Russian male voice actors
Russian screenwriters
Soviet drama teachers
Soviet film directors
Soviet male film actors
Soviet male stage actors
Soviet male voice actors
Soviet screenwriters
Burials at Serafimovskoe Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Kadochnikov |
Gülağaç, formerly Ağaçlı, is a town in Aksaray Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Gülağaç District. Its population is 4,819 (2021). The average elevation is .
References
External links
District municipality's official website
Map of Gülağaç district
District municipalities in Turkey
Populated places in Aksaray Province
Gülağaç District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCla%C4%9Fa%C3%A7 |
Shimla Lok Sabha constituency (formerly, Simla Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the four Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Himachal Pradesh state in northern India. The seat is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled Castes.
Assembly segments
Shimla Lok Sabha constituency presently comprises the following 17 Vidhan Sabha (legislative assembly) segments:
Members of Parliament
^ by poll
Election results
2019
2014
2009
2004
See also
Shimla district
List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha
References
Lok Sabha constituencies in Himachal Pradesh
Shimla district
Solan district
Sirmaur district | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimla%20Lok%20Sabha%20constituency |
Gülnar is a municipality and district of Mersin Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,416 km2, and its population is 27,889 (2022). It is south-west of the city of Mersin.
Geography
The town of Gülnar is inland on a plain high in the Taurus Mountains, attractive countryside known for its vineyards and its green meadows used for summer grazing. Gülnar is a small town providing high schools and other basic amenities to the surrounding villages. The road from central Anatolia to Anamur on the Mediterranean coast passes through here, one of the windiest roads imaginable, making Gulnar a remote district indeed.
About 20% of the land area of Gülnar is cultivated area, much of which is vineyards, other important crops are grains and chick peas. The high meadows are used for summer grazing.
History
The area has been occupied since the time of the Hittites, and was later settled by the Assyrians, Persians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans and Armenians. The people of Gülnar today are descendants of the Turkmen tribes that came here from Central Asia in the 13th century. (Among older generation of Turkmens Gülnar is usually named as Anaypazarı)
Composition
There are 50 neighbourhoods in Gülnar District:
Akdeniz
Akova
Ardıçpınarı
Arıkuyusu
Ayvalı
Bereket
Beydili
Bolyaran
Bozağaç
Büyükeceli
Çavuşlar
Çukurasma
Çukurkonak
Dayıcık
Dedeler
Delikkaya
Demirözü
Emirhacı
Gezende
Göktürk
Hacıpınar
Halifeler
Ilısu
İshaklar
Kavakoluğu
Kayrak
Koçaşlı
Konur
Korucuk
Köseçobanlı
Kurbağa
Kuskan
Mollaömerli
Örenpınar
Örtülü
Saray
Sarıkavak
Şeyhömer
Sipahili
Taşoluk
Tepe
Tırnak
Tozkovan
Üçoluk
Ulupınar
Yanışlı
Yarmasu
Yassıbağ
Yenice
Zeyne
See also
Gülnar Hatun
References
Districts of Mersin Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Populated places in Gülnar District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BClnar |
Francis Kirimi Muthaura (born 20 October 1946 in Meru, Kenya) is a Kenyan former civil servant and close ally of former President Mwai Kibaki. He is the former Head of Civil Service and Secretary to the Cabinet.
From 14 March 1996 to 24 April 2001 he was the Secretary General of the East African Community. Previously, he held several ambassadorial positions under the rule of former president Daniel arap Moi.
He was appointed the chairman of the board of the Kenyan Revenue Authority by President Uhuru Kenyatta on 25 May 2018.
Civil Service career
Muthaura had a long career in the Civil Service. After leaving the University of Nairobi in 1972, he was appointed the District Commissioner of Mombasa District, a position he held until 1973. He was then appointed an Assistant Secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Education
He attended Nkubu Secondary School from 1966. In 1968, he joined Nyeri High School. He attended the University of Nairobi from 1969 to 1972 and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in Economics and Political Science. He also has a Diploma in International Relations, also from the University of Nairobi. He was later appointed Secretary to the cabinet in 2005.
2007 elections
In March 2008, following an agreement between the government and opposition to establish a coalition government to end a political crisis, Muthaura stirred controversy by saying that Kibaki would remain both head of state and head of government. This interpretation of the agreement would mean less power than the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM) had anticipated for its leader, Raila Odinga, who was expected to become Prime Minister under the deal; the ODM angrily rejected Muthaura's interpretation.
Muthaura has been named as an instigator of post-election violence in 2007 – 2008 and was named among six suspects to be prosecuted by the International Criminal Court. He was accused of leading secret meetings in Kibaki's office, where revenge attacks against supporters of Kibaki's opposition were planned. The ICC prosecutor claimed he authorised the use of excessive force against protesters by the police. He was taped by two people posing as students, who claimed he had admitted involvement in post-election violence. On 11 March 2013, the charges against Muthaura were dropped by the ICC following the discrediting of a key witness.
Succession table
References
External links
Francis Muthaura's Official Website
Kenyan politicians
1946 births
Living people
Meru people
Kenyan diplomats
Alumni of Nyeri High School
University of Nairobi alumni
People from Eastern Province (Kenya)
People from Meru County
People indicted by the International Criminal Court
East African Community officials | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Muthaura |
The River class, or Thames class, were a class of submarines built for the Royal Navy. Operating during the Second World War, the three boats of the class comprised , and . All the submarines were named after rivers in the United Kingdom. One was lost during the war and the rest taken out of service following it.
Design
The River class was the last attempt by the Admiralty to produce "fleet submarines", submarines fast enough to operate as part of a fleet, which at the time meant being able to manage somewhere around while surfaced. The previous attempts had been the steam powered K-class submarines and the large gunned M-class submarines. The M class were K-class hulls re-engined with diesels and modified to take a single naval gun directly forward of the conning tower.
A design was drawn up in the late 1920s and three vessels were built by Vickers in Barrow: Thames in 1932, and Severn and Clyde in 1935. The latter two were a little larger than Thames. Initially 20 were planned, but changes in thinking and cost-cuts limited the building to just the three.
The design compromised on diving depth to keep weight down and speed up. They had a safe diving depth of some compared to the before them which had managed . They were powered by two diesel engines delivering . Two Ricardo engines drove generators that supercharged the diesels up to . This gave them a surface speed of . A rather unfortunate fault with the River-class was a tendency for engine trouble after several long journeys. Another alarming fault, although this was confined to Clyde was the hydroplanes failing, causing the submarine to bottom. This would put a great stress on the hull of the submarine, as it was of riveted construction, rather than the welded construction of other British submarines.
Operational history
During the Second World War, they initially operated in the North Sea and Mediterranean, then moved to the Far East in the latter stages.
Clyde and Severn set sail from Gibraltar heading to take up station in Freetown on 31 August 1939, just four days before the outbreak of hostilities. On their arrival, they joined South Atlantic Command and were tasked with convoy defence duties. They arrived on September 7, with Clyde departing on her first war patrol the following day.
Thames was lost off Norway on 23 September 1940 during an operation to sink the German Battlecruiser Gneisenau. It failed to do this, but sank the escorting torpedo boat Luchs. The wreck of the Thames is yet to be found. When it is discovered, it is highly likely that it is to be left alone, because like all ships lost in wartime, it is considered to be a war grave.
Clyde was used on six occasions to deliver supplies to the besieged island of Malta in September 1941. Severn was used as part of the escort for Convoy SL16F in January 1940, along with the Armed Merchant Cruiser HMS Cheshire and the destroyers HMS Hardy and HMS Hostile. Convoy duty was not something that was alien to Severn and Clyde, as they would carry out this duty on a regular basis due to their long range. Clyde and Severn would both go through an extensive refit in the USA
Severn had the most colourful service out of all three. It would be used in the aftermath of the Battle of the River Plate to hunt for German Surface Raiders and their support ships. April 5, 1940 would see Severn join the northbound convoy FN139. It would also be put on standby for potential involvement in the hunt for the Bismarck, but the Bismarck was sunk before the Severn was called into action. It would be used for part of Operation Hawthorn during June - July 1943. Severn and Clyde , whether it was by choice or accident, would often be stationed together. Severn and Clyde were in service in the Far East (operating out of Trincomalee) when they were taken out of service - Severn in December 1944 and Clyde in July 1945. Both ships were believed to have been scrapped by the end of 1946.
Boats
- accounted for 1 enemy vessel
- accounted for 4 enemy vessels
- accounted for 6 enemy vessels
References
Bibliography
Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946
D.K. Brown - Nelson to Vanguard, Chatham Maritime Press
External links
- RN Subs 1929 - 1945: River Class
- page from Uboat.net
Submarine classes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River-class%20submarine |
Gümüşhacıköy is a town in the westernmost part of Amasya Province of Turkey, 20 km from the larger town of Merzifon. It is the seat of Gümüşhacıköy District. Its population is 14,582 (2021). The mayor is Zehra Özyol (CHP).
The name Gümüşhacıköy is an amalgamation of two separate villages Gümüş (silver) and Hacıköy (the village of pilgrims).
Climate
Gümüşhacıköy has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb).
History
The town achieved some prosperity during the 13th and 14th centuries due to the nearby silver mines. Both the Seljuks and the Ilkhans minted coins in the town, then known as Gümüşbazar ().
The town grew and continued to thrive under Ottoman rule. The population shrank as the Ottoman Empire collapsed, and many men of Gümüşhacıköy were lost in the Balkan Wars and the First World War.
Today Gümüşhacıköy is a small town in attractive countryside. Successive generations migrate to larger cities in search of careers leaving an aging and shrinking population behind.
Places of interest
The town has had a rich history and the many Seljuk and Ottoman buildings include urban architecture such as Bedestan (the covered bazaar), Büyük hamam (Turkish bath), and Kabak çeşmesi (fountain) and especially.....
Mosques such as Haliliye Medresesi, Yörgüç Paşa Camii, Darphane Camii, Maden Camii (a converted church).
There is also an attractive picnic area with a waterfall in the forests near the district of Şarlayuk.
References
Populated places in Amasya Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Gümüşhacıköy District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCm%C3%BC%C5%9Fhac%C4%B1k%C3%B6y |
Littlethorpe is a small village approximately south of Leicester, separated from the village of Narborough by the Leicester to Birmingham railway line, and the River Soar of which it is the true discharge.
The village has expanded since the Second World War most noticeably through the creation of two housing estates, the Jelson estate and Barratt estate. Housing continues to be built, Parnell Close being completed during 2005.
Services
The village has two pubs, the Plough Inn and the Old Inn.
Other services include a garden centre, funeral directors and a beauty salon.
Narborough railway station is situated close to Littlethorpe, on the edge of Narborough, and services run between Leicester and Birmingham.
Littlethorpe Community Association
The Littlethorpe Community Association meets in the skittle alley of one of the pubs. The Association organises the annual gala on Littlethorpe Park and Thorpe meadows, as well as holding monthly coffee mornings at the village hall and operating the Santa Run each Christmas. More recently the association has organised Easter Egg Hunts and a Christmas decoration morning at the village hall.
The village has no church of its own, but is part of the parish of Narborough, along with Huncote. Previously Littlethorpe was part of Cosby parish.
Twinning
Genappe, Belgium
The village, along with Narborough, shares its twinning with the village of Genappe in Belgium. Visits continue to take place, and in 2005 a football match was held between Genappe and local team, Narborough & Littlethorpe.
Notable residents
Rapist and Child killer Colin Pitchfork, the first murderer to be brought to justice through the use of DNA finger printing, lived at Haybarn Close, Littlethorpe.
See also
All Saints Church, Narborough
External links
Narborough & Littlethorpe Village website
Villages in Leicestershire
Blaby | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littlethorpe%2C%20Leicestershire |
Gibson Jama Sibanda (1944 – 24 August 2010) was a Zimbabwean politician and trade unionist. He was a founding member of the Movement for Democratic Change and at the time of his death was the Vice-President of the faction of the Movement for Democratic Change led by Arthur Mutambara. A former president of the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions, he was first elected to the House of Assembly in the 2000 parliamentary election. He was a member of the Senate and a Minister of State in the Office of Deputy Prime Minister Arthur Mutambara at the time of his death in 2010.
Early life
Sibanda was born in Filabusi, Matabeleland South. He went to school at Thekwane High School near Bulawayo in Matabeleland. He was classmates with Paul Tangi Mhova Mkondo and he was taught by Canaan Banana and Edson Zvobgo. He then worked on the Rhodesia railways (National Railways of Zimbabwe after 1980) and was a trade unionist before going into politics as Welfare Secretary of ZAPU (being jailed by the Rhodesian government from 1976 to 1979. After independence in 1980 he continued his work as a train driver at the NRZ. During his time at the NRZ he was active in the trade union and became the ZCTU president. At the same time he was promoted to Running Shed Foreman at the NRZ by the time he won the 2000 parliamentary elections as an MP for Nkulumane constituency.
In 1984 Sibanda was elected President of five amalgamated railway trades unions. He studied and obtained a Diploma in Industrial Labour Relations, and was the first Vice-President of the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions in 1988 before serving as President from 1989. He was a leading member of the initiative for the ZCTU to establish a political party in 2000, being unanimously elected as Vice-President at the inaugural congress.
MDC activity
Sibanda was elected to the House of Assembly from Nkulumane in the 2000 election, defeating ZANU-PF candidate Dumiso Dabengwa.
In 2005, Sibanda was the leader of a faction within the MDC which advocated that the party should participate in elections to the Senate of Zimbabwe, which it had opposed. When the MDC National Council voted to support participation, MDC leader Morgan Tsvangirai suspended Sibanda and his supporters, such as Welshman Ncube, pending a Congress in February 2006. They accused Tsvangirai of being dictatorial and said that they had actually suspended him.
The MDC split in October 2005, a result of escalating internal tensions which saw Tsvangirai differ sharply with some of his senior colleagues on various policy issues, including election participation.
Sibanda was elected to the Senate in the March 2008 parliamentary election. He stood as a candidate for the post of President of the Senate on 25 August 2008, and he was backed by both MDC factions, but was defeated by ZANU-PF candidate Edna Madzongwe, receiving 28 votes against 58 votes for Madzongwe.
Death
Sibanda died in 2010 after a battle with cancer and was the first member of the opposition to be declared a national hero by both MDC parties, but their plea for Gibson Sibanda to be buried at the Heroes Acre was denied by President Robert Mugabe.
References
External links
Biography on Zimbabwe Parliament Website
1944 births
2010 deaths
Members of the Senate of Zimbabwe
Members of the National Assembly of Zimbabwe
Movement for Democratic Change – Mutambara politicians
Deaths from cancer
People from Matabeleland South Province
Northern Ndebele people
Zimbabwean trade unionists
20th-century Zimbabwean politicians
21st-century Zimbabwean politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibson%20Sibanda |
Gündoğmuş is a municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,175 km2, and its population is 7,188 (2022). It is 182 km from the city of Antalya, off the road from Akseki to Manavgat.
The town was previously a village named Eksere in the district of Akseki and was renamed Gündoğmuş in 1936.
Geography
Gündoğmuş stands in the foothills of the mountain Geyik Dağı, in the western Taurus Mountains. The mountainside is forested and the districted is split by the Alara River. The district has a warm Mediterranean climate with coolish winters due to the altitude.
Today this is an impoverished rural district as the nearby Mediterranean coast has drawn away successive generations in search of jobs in the tourist industry. The local economy depends on forestry, and money earned from seasonal jobs picking cotton or working in tourism in other parts of Turkey. There is no industry and little agriculture on this steep hillside, although grazing animals and beekeeping are important sources of income. Parts of the hillside are terraced for planting, but this is mainly vegetables for use at home.
Gündoğmuş is a small town with a high school and a boarding school for children from the most remote villages.
History
This area has been occupied since antiquity, and the site of the modern town of Gündoğmuş was settled by the ancient Romans.
Composition
There are 29 neighbourhoods in Gündoğmuş District:
Akyar
Balkaya
Bedan
Çaltı
Çamlıalan
Çayırözü
Çiçekoluk
Eskibağ
Fatih
Güneycik
Güneyyaka
Kalecik
Karabul
Karadere
Karaisa
Karaköy
Kayabükü
Köprülü
Kozağacı
Narağacı
Ortakonuş
Ortaköy
Özügür
Pembelik
Rasih Kaplan
Senir
Serinyaka
Umutlu
Yeniköy
Places of interest
Antique sites in the district include the town of Kazayir (near Taşahır on the main road to Antalya); the ruins of Kese near the village of Senir; the ruins of Gedfi 11 km south of the town of Gündoğmuş; the ruins on Sinek Mountain, east of Gundogmus, near the village of Pembelik; and many more.
The town of Gündoğmuş itself has an Ottoman Empire period mosque dedicated to Cem Sultan, an Ottoman prince who was at one time governor of this area.
And of course the area provides many opportunities for climbing, mountain walking and picnics in the forest.
References
External links
District governor's official website
How to go to Gundogmus
Populated places in Antalya Province
Districts of Antalya Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCndo%C4%9Fmu%C5%9F |
Güney is a municipality and district of Denizli Province, Turkey. Its area is 362 km2, and its population is 9,448 (2022). Güney district area neighbors those of four other districts of the same province from east to west, clockwise Buldan, Pamukkale and Çal and ranges Eşme district of Uşak Province in the north.
Güney district area is located at one of the sources of Büyük Menderes River. Güney town lies at a distance of north of the province seat of Denizli. It is situated on a steep hillside. Formerly a township depending Çal at first and then Buldan, Güney was made into a district center in 1948.
Pamukkale winery has many of its vineyards in Güney. Güney Falls (Güney Şelalesi), at a distance of from the district center is a visitor attraction and is under official protection. Adıgüzel Dam, also on the River Menderes further up, is between the townships of Güney and Bekilli. Yet another dam in phase of being built is Cindere Dam also on Büyük Menderes River.
Güney is known for its vineyards. They produce one of the best wine grapes in Turkey. It is often labeled as the "Napa Valley" of Turkey. Many of the Turkish wine producers source a sizable portion of their grapes from local farmers in Güney. Wine producer "Pamukkale" has its own vineyards and production center located in this town. Types of grapes commonly grown in Güney include Shiraz, Cabarnet Sauvignon, Merlot, Kalecik Karasi, Cabarnet Blanc and Chardonnay. What makes Güney wine grapes so popular is a combination of climate, altitude and soil properties.
Epigraphic and numismatic evidence points at the existence of two ancient cities near Güney; namely Sala and Tralla, possibly constituting a border at one time between Lydia and Phrygia, but their exact sites could not yet be determined with certainty.
Composition
There are 24 neighbourhoods in Güney District:
Adıgüzeller
Aşağıçeşme
Aydoğdu
Çamrak
Cindere
Çorbacılar
Doğanlı
Ertuğrul
Eziler
Fatih
Hamidiye
Haylamaz
Karaağaçlı
Karagözler
Kerimler
Koparan
Orta
Ortaçeşme
Parmaksızlar
Tilkilik
Üçeylül
Yağcılar
Yeni
Yenikonak
Image gallery
References
Populated places in Denizli Province
Districts of Denizli Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCney |
Svetlana Alexandrovna Kitova (; 25 June 1960 – 18 November 2015) was a middle-distance runner who represented the USSR and later Russia. Born in Dushanbe, Kitova's greatest achievements were the 1989 World Indoor silver medal as well as two European Indoor gold medals. Her personal best 1500 metres time was 4:01.02 in Kiev on 2 August 1988.
International competitions
External links
1960 births
2015 deaths
Sportspeople from Dushanbe
Soviet female middle-distance runners
Tajikistani female middle-distance runners
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Goodwill Games medalists in athletics
FISU World University Games gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Universiade silver medalists for the Soviet Union
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1985 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1987 Summer Universiade
Competitors at the 1986 Goodwill Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana%20Kitova |
Günyüzü is a municipality and district of Eskişehir Province, Turkey. Its area is 828 km2, and its population is 5,155 (2022). Its elevation is .
Günyüzü became a bucak (subdistrict) in 1932 and gained the status of a district in 1990.
It was in constant interaction with Sivrihisar during the Seljuk and Ottoman periods. It was the scene of important conflicts during the War of Independence and the historical richness of the region became more evident with the excavations.
Places of interest
Ruins of the Byzantine shrine St Michael at Germia are located in the village of Gümüşkonak, formerly known as Yörme, 8 km south of Günyüzü.
Composition
There are 22 neighbourhoods in Günyüzü District:
Atlas
Ayvalı
Bedil
Beyyayla
Çakmak
Çardaközü
Doğray
Fatih
Gecek
Gümüşkonak
Kavacık
Kavuncu
Kayakent
Kuzören
Mercan
Özler
Sümer
Tutlu
Yağrı
Yazır
Yenikent
Yeşilyaka
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Map of Günyüzü district
Populated places in Eskişehir Province
Districts of Eskişehir Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCny%C3%BCz%C3%BC |
The Slater Mill is a historic water-powered textile mill complex on the banks of the Blackstone River in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, modeled after cotton spinning mills first established in England. It is the first water-powered cotton spinning mill in America to utilize the Arkwright system of cotton spinning as developed by Richard Arkwright.
The mill's founder Samuel Slater apprenticed as a young man with industrialist Jedediah Strutt in Belper, England. Shortly after emigrating to the United States, Slater was hired by Moses Brown of Providence, Rhode Island to produce a working set of machines necessary to spin cotton yarn using water power. Construction of the machines was completed in 1793, as well as a dam, waterway, waterwheel, and mill. Manufacturing was based on Arkwright's cotton spinning system, which included carding, drawing, and spinning machines. Slater initially hired children and families to work in his mill, establishing a pattern that was replicated throughout the Blackstone Valley and known as the "Rhode Island System". It was later eclipsed by Francis Cabot Lowell's Waltham System. The mill and surrounding area were the site of early labor resistance, including the first factory strike in the United States, which was led by young women workers in 1824.
Slater Mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark on November 13, 1966, the first property to be listed on the register. In December 2014, the mill was added to the newly formed Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park.
Architectural history
The original portion of the Slater Mill built in 1793 was six bays long and two stories tall. Several additions were made beginning in 1801, and a second added in 1835. Between 1869 and 1872, a large addition was made to the north end of the mill. Cotton spinning continued until 1895, after which the mill was used for various industrial purposes until 1923. The building had suffered numerous fires in the past, and two fires occurred in 1912 which precipitated awareness of the building and the need for its preservation.
From mill to museum
In 1921, the non-profit Old Slater Mill Association was founded with the purpose of saving the historic Mill. Efforts to restore the mill began in 1923; modern additions to the structure were removed, restoring the mill to its 1835 appearance. In 1955, it opened as a museum. Restoration of the nearby Wilkinson Mill (built 1810–1811) was completed in 1978 as part of the Slater Mill site.
The Slater Mill site now serves as a museum, educational center, and music venue, which "celebrates innovation and the entrepreneurial spirit by engaging audiences in relevant cultural, historic, and artistic endeavors". It includes five acres of land on both sides of the Blackstone River, a dam on the river, two historic mills (the Slater Mill and Wilkinson Mill), and the Sylvanus Brown House (built in 1758 but moved to the site in the 1960s).
The Slater Mill and other key buildings that are part of the Old Slater Mill Historic District were acquired by the National Park Service in 2021.
See also
Hannah Slater
Samuel Slater
David Wilkinson
Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor
Derwent Valley Mills
National Register of Historic Places listings in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
List of National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island
References
External links
Providence Journal video of Slater Mill Historic Site
Providence Journal video of the Blackstone River
Site about Slater and his mill
Pawtucket Arts Festival
1793 establishments in Rhode Island
Buildings and structures in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Cotton mills in the United States
Historic American Buildings Survey in Rhode Island
Historic American Engineering Record in Rhode Island
History of the textile industry
Industrial archaeological sites in the United States
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Rhode Island
Industrial buildings completed in 1793
Industrial Revolution
Industry museums in Rhode Island
Mill museums in the United States
Museums established in 1955
Museums in Providence County, Rhode Island
National Historic Landmarks in Rhode Island
National Register of Historic Places in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Textile machinery manufacturers
Textile museums in Rhode Island
Tourist attractions in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
1955 establishments in Rhode Island
Blackstone River Valley National Historical Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slater%20Mill |
Billy's Boots was a popular British comic strip by writer Fred Baker and artist John Gillatt, later continued by Mike Western. The original Billy's Boots was an earlier humorous series, written and drawn by Frank Purcell, which appeared in Tiger from December 23rd 1961 until July 13th 1963, with a similar premise to this later series. The later more serious Billy appeared in the first issue of Scorcher in 1970, and later moved to Tiger when the two comics merged in 1974. In 1985, Tiger in turn merged with Eagle and the strip moved again. Just a year later, Billy's adventures relocated once more, this time to Roy of the Rovers. New adventures were included in the weekly comic until May 1990 (later followed by reprints), before he switched to Best of Roy of the Rovers Monthly. The strip also appeared in annuals, including annuals for comics which had themselves ceased publication. The strip is still fondly remembered by fans of the "golden age" of British boys' comics. In Finland and Sweden, Billy's Boots was published in Buster magazine. In the UK, stories based on Billy's earliest adventures appeared in Total Football magazine until it closed in 2001, and Billy's story was also reprinted for a few months in the defunct Striker comic.
Story overview
The series concerned Billy Dane, a schoolboy and aspiring footballer, who was an extremely poor player until he discovered a pair of old style, ankle high, football boots while cleaning his grandmother's loft. The boots, which his grandfather had bought as a souvenir, had belonged, decades before, to a famous professional striker called Charles "Dead Shot" Keen. In a manner which was never explained in the story, the boots possess special abilities which turn Billy into a fantastic football player when he wore them. In addition to giving Billy the physical skill to score great goals, the boots also granted him the intuition to be in the right place at the time on the pitch, leading him to feel that they have a "mind of their own".
Each week, the strip was introduced with the words, "Billy Dane found an ancient pair of football boots that used to belong to old-time soccer star, "Dead-Shot" Keen. In some strange way, the boots enabled Billy to play in the same style as Dead Shot..."
However, despite the boots' obvious importance to him, he would repeatedly lose them or have them stolen.
The boots fell apart after a few matches due to their age and could not be repaired. Fearing that he would lose his new-found ability and knowing that "Dead Shot" Keen had played for the local club, Amhurst Albion, Billy went to their ground to see if any of Keen's other boots remained there. Having secretly entered the stadium, he found the boot room and discovered another pair of Keen's old boots which, much repaired, he used for the remainder of the story.
The boots endowed Billy with sufficient ability to make regular appearances in schoolboy representative matches, appearing for Southern Schools against their Western, Northern and Eastern counterparts, and the full England Schoolboys team, with whom he travelled on tours to France and Germany.
In 1971, while playing for England in one such tour match in France, the boots split and Billy took them to a local shoe repairer's shop. When he went to collect them, the elderly owner told Billy that he recognised the boots as a pair he had made as a special order for Keen many years earlier. Billy asked him to make an identical pair, as a contingency against future damage or loss of the original boots. When Billy wore the new boots in his school's next match, they did not enable Billy to play in Keen's style, and he missed a penalty, so he had to revert to the original pair at half time with the consequent restoration of his abilities.
Billy was often able to anticipate future events in his own life by reading Keen's book The Life of Dead Shot Keen. Billy's life often mirrored Keen's, such as the time when he came on as a substitute in a school match with his team losing 0-7, and scored 8 goals himself to win the match, or when he accidentally got into trouble by being selected for both sides in a schools' cup final. He had previously read about Keen's similar experiences while turning out for his teams. He was thus able to foresee events and work out solutions to problems.
In February 1971 Billy sat his 11+. Despite his gran forbidding him to play football so he could concentrate on his schoolwork, he failed to qualify for the Grammar School, but achieved a good enough grade to attend the local Secondary School, Kenwood Technical.
Billy lived with his grandmother, but the fate of his parents was only addressed very briefly early on when a teacher offered him a lift to a match if his dad couldn't take him. Billy replied, "M-My dad's n-not alive, sir". In 1973 Billy and his grandmother moved to the village of Groundwood to live with his grandmother's elderly sister Kate, who owned a large house there.
By the early 1980s, Billy was playing as centre forward for Groundwood School, alongside pals such as Jimmy Dawson, Reg Wood, Marvin Soames and Harvey Crisp. The strip regularly involved mishaps involving his boots, which were periodically lost, stolen or damaged, resulting in Billy underperforming and thus being dropped from the school team. In several instances, he turned out for opposing sides such as "Merlin" or "Brand X", scoring against the school first team, thus embarrassing the sports teacher, Mr Harris.
During the strip's run in Eagle, the football element of the story was downplayed somewhat, focusing instead on Billy's exploits whilst on the run from a council home where he had been placed when his grandmother (with whom he lived) had been taken ill. There would often be no football action for several weeks, which was odd given that the central premise of the strip was football-based. When the strip moved to Roy of the Rovers, football once again became the central element in the strip. These years focused on playing for Groundwood School, with the emphasis often placed on whether he could help them win cup competitions rather than needing the boots to be successful.
Keen was also a skilled cricketer, and Billy discovered a pair of his old cricket boots, which had similar beneficial effects on his performance on the cricket field during the summer months.
Despite his adventures lasting for more than 20 years, Billy remained about 12 or 13 years old throughout the storyline.
In popular culture
The Wirral-based rock band Half Man Half Biscuit included the line "Is this me, or is this Dead-Shot Keen?" - in reference to Billy's oft-voiced wondering about his ability - in the song "Our Tune" on their 1991 album MacIntyre, Treadmore and Davitt.
In a review of the film Like Mike, the British magazine TV Choice stated that the film would "have some dads thinking wistfully back to the comic-strip days of Billy's Boots", years after it has ceased publication.
The 2000 film There's Only One Jimmy Grimble, starring Ray Winston, Robert Carlyle and Lewis Mckenzie as Jimmy Grimble, bears a resemblance to the strip.
The They Think It's All Over Annual 1997 featured a parody of the strip, Willie's Boots, in which the influence of the boots made Willie resemble a 1930s-era footballer in more ways than his playing ability, until he eventually dies of rickets.
Translations
Billy Dane is called:
Dutch: Sjakie Meulemans, Swedish: Benny Guldfot, Finnish: Benny Dane, Benny Kultajalka, Icelandic: Kalli í knattspyrnu (Kalli the footballer)
Dead Shot Keen is called:
Dutch: Voltreffer Vick, Swedish: Kanon-Keen, Finnish: Kanuuna-Keen Bengali (India): Bilash, Bili or Biley.
Billy's Boots used to be regularly translated into Bengali and published in the popular Bengali monthly magazine "Shuktaara" as "Billir Boot", circulated mainly in West Bengal, India. Its Bengali version also appeared in Anandamela Pujo Sonkhya (Festival edition).
Billy's Boots also was published in Turkish in the 1970s as comic series under the name "Sihirli Ayakkabılar" (Translation:Magical Shoes) in a children magazine called "Doğan Kardeş". "Dead Shot Ken" was named "Bombacı Ken" (Ken the Bomber).
References
Sources
McAlpine, Duncan, The Comic Book Price Guide 1996/97 Edition (Titan Books, 1996)
Official Roy of the Rovers website
Scorcher page at britishcomics.com
1970 comics debuts
1990 comics endings
British comic strips
Drama comics
Association football comics
Comics about children
Child characters in comics
Male characters in comics
Fictional British people
Fictional association football players
Eagle (comic) characters
Eagle comic strips
Comics characters introduced in 1970
Fictional footwear
Comics about magic
Magic items
Comics set in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%27s%20Boots |
Gürpınar (, ) is a municipality and district of Van Province, Turkey. With an area of , Gürpınar is the second-largest district of Turkey, after Karaman District. Its population is 31,865 (2022).
The town Gürpınar is located south of the provincial capital Van. The district has several places of historical interest. The current mayor is Hayrullah Tanış from the Justice and Development Party (AKP). The current kaymakam Fatih Sayar was appointed in August 2019.
Name
The area's old Armenian name is Hayots Dzor (, meaning "Valley of the Armenians"). Its Kurdish name is Payizava; however, the Armenian-derived Xawesor is also used. The titular village of Gürpınar itself was also known to Armenians as Kghzi (, meaning "island", due to it being surrounded by the Shamiram Canal).
History
In Armenian mythology, Hayots Dzor is the valley where the Armenian progenitor Hayk defeated the army of the invading Babylonian king Bel and constructed a fortress (Haykaberd) nearby.
In the Middle Ages, the area was a part of the Armenian kingdom of Vaspurakan, ruled by the Artsruni dynasty of Armenian kings.
The village of Kghzi had 241 Armenian and 11 Kurdish inhabitants in 1909 (the wider region of Hayots Dzor was home to about 10,000 Armenians before the Armenian genocide). The Armenian population was massacred or displaced during the Armenian genocide; some of the inhabitants managed to flee and settle in Eastern Armenia.
Historical places
Hoşap Castle
Çavuştepe, Urartian castle
Surp Marinos Monastery
Menua Canal
Composition
There are 79 neighbourhoods in Gürpınar District:
Akbulut
Akdoğu
Akpınar
Alnıak
Arındı
Aşağı Kaymaz
Bağrıyanık
Beşbudak
Bölmeçalı
Bozyiğit
Bükeç
Çakınlı
Çatakdibi
Çavuştepe
Çepkenli
Cevizalan
Çörekli
Cumhuriyet
Dağseven
Değirmendüzü
Dikbıyık
Dolaylı
Doluçıkın
Elaçmaz
Erkaldı
Geçerli
Geziyurt
Giyimli
Gölardı
Güleçler
Günbaşı
Hacıköy
Hoşab
Işıkpınar
Kalkanlı
Kapçık
Karakoç
Kılıçtutan
Kırkgeçit
Koçgüden
Koyunyatağı
Kuşdağı
Mollahüseyin
Murataldı
Oğuldamı
Ongun
Örmeli
Ortaköy
Otbiçer
Öveçli
Özlüce
Parmakkapı
Sakalar
Sapakonak
Savacık
Sevindik
Sıcaksu
Sütlüce
Taşdöndüren
Taşlıyazı
Tepegören
Topçudeğirmeni
Topsakal
Topyıldız
Tutak
Tutmaç
Üçdoğan
Üçgen
Umut
Uzungedik
Yalınca
Yaramış
Yatağan
Yedisalkım
Yolaşan
Yoldüştü
Yukarı Kaymaz
Yurtbaşı
Zernek
References
External links
Gurpinar district governor
Gurpinar Municipality
Populated places in Van Province
Western Armenia
Districts of Van Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Kurdish settlements in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrp%C4%B1nar%2C%20Van |
1 Special Service Battalion (usually abbreviated to ) is an armoured regiment of the South African Army and only one of two such in its regular force. The Regiment is based at Tempe near Bloemfontein.
It was previously known in Afrikaans as ().
History
Following World War II, the Special Service Battalion was re-organised into 2 battalions - 1 Special Service Battalion and 1 South African Infantry Battalion.
When the South African Armoured Corps was thus officially proclaimed in 1946 and Special Service Battalion was included in the corps as the only full-time unit, its symbols and colours were incorporated.
1 SSB also took part in the South African Border War, serving in South-West Africa and Angola.
More recently, the unit also took part in Operation Boleas, which was a South African intervention in its neighbouring country of Lesotho in 1998.
1 SSB had a sister unit for a number of years in the post-World War II era, designated 2 Special Service Battalion, which was based in the town of Zeerust. This unit has now been disbanded.
1 SSB also detached squadrons to various battlegroups in the South West African campaign
Equipment
pre 1995
Current
The regiment is equipped primarily with Ratel infantry fighting vehicles and Rooikat armoured cars.
Future
Under Project Hoefyster, the SANDF will eventually replace the Ratel family of vehicles with the Badger system.
Five versions are contemplated of which two are earmarked for 1 SSB:
Missile (turreted Denel ZT3 Ingwe)
Fire Support (turreted cannon, but with more ammunition than the section vehicle)
Regimental symbols
The cap badge is a spray of three protea flowers, bound by a ribbon bearing the initials and motto.
Regimental motto: (English: Unity is Strength)
Regimental communications icon :
Regimental deployment strength : 1,000 soldiers
Regimental honour roll : Soldiers who died during active combat duty and soldiers who died during training.
Regimental traditional contact meeting : , once a year''
Previous Dress Insignia
Current Dress Insignia
Leadership
Alliances
- 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards
Battle honours
Future
This unit will together with 1 SA Tank Regiment form the Armoured Brigade of the new Mechanized Division to be formed under Army vision 2020.
See also
South African Armoured Corps
Notes
References
External links
Armoured regiments of South Africa
Military units and formations established in 1933
Military units and formations in Bloemfontein | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%20Special%20Service%20Battalion |
Tobias Angerer (born 12 April 1977 in Traunstein, Bavaria) is a German cross-country skier, and skis with the SC Vachendorf club. He graduated from the Skigymnasium Berchtesgaden in 1996. His occupation is "Sports Soldier". Angerer has been competing since 1996.
Biography
Angerer turned 18 in 1995 in his first big event, the 10 km classical at the FIS Nordic Junior World Ski Championships in Asiago, Italy. The next year he took a 26th place on the 30 km freestyle and a 28th place on the 10 km classical at the World Junior Championships in Canmore, Canada.
His first victory in the FIS World Cup came on 6 January 2004 in Falun, Sweden, when he won the 2 × 15 km double pursuit in front of Italy's Pietro Piller Cottrer.
Angerer goes by the name Toby rather than Tobias. He has won the overall FIS World Cup twice, first in 2005/2006 and again in 2006/2007. The first year he won ahead of Jens Arne Svartedal in the second place and Tor Arne Hetland in the third. In the 2006/2007 event, Angerer beat number two, Russia's Alexander Legkov with 551 points and Eldar Rønning finished in third position.
At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, he won a bronze medal in the 15 km classical interval start event and a silver medal in the 4 × 10 km relay.
In 2007 Angerer became the first winner of Tour de Ski men's event, winning by 46.4 seconds over Alexander Legkov.
Angerer has six medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, with four silvers (Team sprint: 2009, 15 km + 15 km double pursuit: 2007, 4 × 10 km relay: 2005, 2009) and two bronzes (15 km: 2007, 50 km: 2009). Angerer has 22 World Cup podiums and nine World Cup victories, four of the wins which were in 2 × 15 km double pursuit, three in 30 km, one in 15 km freestyle, and one in 15 km classical.
Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).
Olympic Games
4 medals – (2 silver, 2 bronze)
World Championships
7 medals – (4 silver, 3 bronze)
World Cup
Season titles
4 titles – (2 overall, 2 distance)
Season standings
Individual podiums
11 victories – (11 )
32 podiums – (28 , 4 )
Team podiums
6 victories – (5 , 1 )
24 podiums – (15 , 9 )
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
People from Traunstein
Skiers from Upper Bavaria
German male cross-country skiers
Olympic cross-country skiers for Germany
Cross-country skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic bronze medalists for Germany
Olympic medalists in cross-country skiing
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing
FIS Cross-Country World Cup champions
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Tour de Ski winners
Tour de Ski skiers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobias%20Angerer |
Gürsu is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 106 km2, and its population is 102,601 (2022). The Mayor of Gürsu is Mustafa Işık.
Composition
There are 15 neighbourhoods in Gürsu District:
Adaköy
Ağaköy
Canbazlarköyü
Dışkayaköyü
Ericekköyü
Hasanköy
İğirdirköyü
İpekyolu
İstiklal
Karahıdırköyü
Kazıklıköyü
Kumlukalan
Kurtuluş
Yenidoğan
Zafer
References
Populated places in Bursa Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Districts of Bursa Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCrsu |
Branko Tomović (; born June 17, 1980) is a German-Serbian actor and filmmaker.
Career
He was born in Münster, Germany, though his actual origin is from the Carpathians in Serbia. His parents emigrated in the '70s from the Golubac Fortress area on the Danube and Tomović was raised between Germany and Serbia before he studied acting at the prestigious Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute in New York City.
Tomović was first seen on the big screen in the lead role in the American Film Institute/Sundance drama Remote Control, for which he received the OmU-Award at the Potsdam Film Festival. Currently settled in London, with his dark, brooding looks he has appeared in striking roles on British Television. He played the creepy main suspect Antoni Pricha, the Morgue Man, in Jack the Ripper thriller Whitechapel, the pyromaniac Junky-Henchman Marek Lisowski in the final episodes of A Touch of Frost and Polish fighter pilot Miroslaw Feric in the World War II drama The Untold Battle of Britain. Tomovic has worked with internationally respected film directors as Ken Loach, Sönke Wortmann and Paul Greengrass.
He was named "One to Watch" by Moviescope Magazine in 2008 and recent film credits include The Bourne Ultimatum opposite Matt Damon (Dir. Paul Greengrass), It's a Free World... (Dir. Ken Loach), The Wolf Man (Dir. Joe Johnston), Pope Joan (Dir. Sönke Wortmann) and Interview with a Hitman (Dir. Perry Bhandal). In 2010, he won the 'Best Actor' Award at the San Francisco Short Film Festival and at The Accolade Film Awards for his performance as a Serbian soldier who is tormented by grief and guilt after being a witness of war crimes in the drama Inbetween.
He also stars opposite Debbie Harry in Jimmy Cauty's Road movie Believe the Magic and Steve Stone's ghost thriller Entity with Dervla Kirwan and Charlotte Riley. Entity won two awards at the London Independent Film Festival 2013 and Best Film at the British Horror Film Festival where Branko was also nominated for Best Actor. The British Filmmakers Alliance honoured him as Best International Actor for his role and he was also chosen as a Rising Star by Icon Magazine.
In 2014, he played Jack Bauer's right-hand man, the mysterious and dangerous Belcheck, next to Kiefer Sutherland in 24: Live Another Day. He was also seen in David Ayer's WWII drama Fury.
In 2016, Tomović made his directorial debut with Red, a short dark thriller set in the underground world of illegal organ trade. Branko stars in the lead role Niklas alongside Dervla Kirwan and Francesca Fowler. The film has won numerous awards and nominations on the international film festival circuit, incl. BAFTA and European Film Award qualifying festivals.
His second film as a writer/director, The Smell of Petrol, deals with human trafficking and the current refugee crisis. It world premiered at Oldenburg Film Festival in 2018 and won Best UK Short Film Special Mention at Winchester Film Festival and the Grand Prix Festival Award at Jahorina Film Festival and several selections and nominations at BFI Future Film, BAFTA and European Film Award qualifying festivals.
Tomović starred in the 2021 European arthouse horror film Vampir, which he also wrote and directed.
Writer / Director
Tomović's short films as a writer/director (“Red”, a dark thriller set in the underground world of illegal organ smuggling starring Dervla Kirwan and “The Smell of Petrol” which deals with human trafficking) have won numerous awards and nominations at major prestigious festivals, including qualifying festivals for Oscar, BAFTA and the European Film Awards.
His feature debut as a writer/director is the European arthouse horror film Vampir. It had the world premiere at Sigtes International Film Festival October 2021 in the New Visions competition, followed by the UK premiere at Raindance Film Festival and Trieste Science+Fiction where it was nominated for a Silver Melies Award as Best European Fantastic Film. Tomovic won the Oscull Award for his special contribution to film art at the Festival of Serbian Fantastic Film and was nominated for the German Cinema New Talent Award (Förderpreis Neues Deutsches Kino) as well as for the Hof Gold Prize (Hofer Goldpreis) at the prestigious 56th Hof International Film Festival in Germany.
Awards
Grenzland-Filmtage Selb 2023 - Winner Indie-Award for "VAMPIR"
56th Hof International Film Festival / Hofer Filmtage 2022 - Hof Gold Prize / Hofer Goldpreis Nomination for "VAMPIR"
56th Hof International Film Festival / Hofer Filmtage 2022 - German Cinema New Talent Award / Förderpreis Neues Deutsches Kino Nomination for "VAMPIR"
Sitges International Film Festival 2021 - New Visions Award Nomination for "VAMPIR"
Trieste Science+Fiction Festival 2021 - Silver Melies Award Nomination for Best European Film for "VAMPIR"
Raindance Film Festival 2021 - Screamdance "VAMPIR"
Festival of Serbian Fantastic Film 2021 - Winner Oscull Award for special contribution to film art for "VAMPIR"
Unrestricted View Film Festival 2017 - Best Actor for "Red"
Jim Thorpe Independent Film Festival 2017 Nomination - Best Actor for "Red"
Flagship City International Film Festival 2017 Nomination - Best Actor for "Red"
Maverick Movie Awards 2016 - Best Actor for "Red"
Kraljevski Filmski Festival 2016 - Best Short Film for "Red"
Naperville Independent Film Festival 2016 - Best Short Film Nomination for "Red"
Icon Magazine 2013 - "Rising Star"
British Horror Film Festival Award 2013 Nomination - Best Actor for "Entity"
The British Filmmakers Alliance Award 2013 - Best International Actor for "Entity"
Philadelphia Documentary & Fiction Film Festival 2011 - Best Actor for "The Crossmaker"
Goldie Film Awards 2010 - Special Award for Best Actor for "The Crossmaker"
San Francisco Short Film Festival Award 2010 - Best Actor for "Inbetween"
The Accolade Film Awards 2010 - Best Leading Actor for "Inbetween"
MovieScope Magazine 2008 - "One to Watch"
Potsdam Film Festival 2002 - OmU-Award for "Remote Control"
Filmography
Killing Eve (2022)
Deus (2022)
Die Jägerin - Nach eigenem Gesetz (2021)
Vampir (2021)
Luna (2017)
Red (2016)
City of Tiny Lights (2016)
24: Live Another Day (2014)
Fury (2014)
Law and Order UK (2013)
Silent Witness (2013) as Darek (episode: "Greater Love")
Ein Fall für zwei - Adams Sünde (2013)
Entity (2012)
Believe the Magic (2012)
Interview with a Hitman (2012)
Strike Back (2011, TV)
Coming Up - Home (2011, TV)
Will (2011)
Tatort (2011, TV)
Polizeiruf 110 (2010, TV)
The Untold Battle of Britain (2010, TV)
A Touch of Frost (2010, TV)
Pope Joan (2009)
The Wolfman (2010)
Whitechapel (2009, TV)
Inbetween (2008)
Into the Woods (2008)
Taximan (2008)
Casualty (2008, TV)
The Bourne Ultimatum (2007)
It's a Free World... (2007)
The Bill (2007, TV)
Amor Fati (2005)
Dirty Seed (2005)
Casualty (2005, TV)
Siska (2003, TV)
Bella Block (2002, TV)
Remote Control (2001)
References
External links
United Agents profile
Inka Stelljes Agentur
Paintings on Saatchi Gallery
1980 births
German people of Serbian descent
Living people
Actors from Münster
Serbian male television actors
Serbian male film actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branko%20Tomovi%C4%87 |
Gürün is a town in Sivas Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Gürün District. Its population is 10,657 (2022). The mayor is Nami Çiftçi (MHP).
History
Toponymy
The current name Gürün is most probably a corruption of the ancient name Tegarama, a city in Anatolia during the Bronze Age. In Armenian, the town is known as Gurin or Gyurin (). In Kurdish the locality is known as Girîn.
Ancient history
The city was inhabited during the Old Assyrian Kingdom and Hittite Empire. Ancient rock caves dating to 2000 BC are located in the district. The caves would have been in use, possibly as a kind of apartment complex, during the Hittite period. The caves were also "used as a cold storage area, woodshed and animal feed storage area by local people until a short time ago", and are now open to visitors. Nami Çiftçi, the town's mayor, told Daily Sabah that they "don't have a precise date determined by expert engineers or by people who are well-versed in this field, so I invite our historians to Gürün. Come, bring your knowledge and your tools, study these caves so that we can have the data regarding their age, and we can announce it to the world".
Modern history
During the Armenian Genocide, a sizable portion of the city's Armenian population was deported and killed. According to the memoir Goodbye, Antoura, during the pre-genocide years the Armenian population had achieved a level of stability in Gürün, with at least one Armenian family owning large swathes of land and orchards. In 1915, the Ottoman government appropriated these lands, and the Armenian population was deported southward and westward into the Syrian desert, eventually reaching the cities of Homs and Hama.
A student association of Armenians from Gürün was founded in Boston in 1899, which later became the Compatriotic Union of Gurin. The union's initial purpose was to assist survivors of the genocide and their families, and it established chapters across the world. The compatriotic union published two periodicals, one from 1930 to 1933 in New York and another from 1976 to 1981 in New Jersey, as well as a book titled Badmakirk' Gurini ("History Book of Gurin", 1974, Beirut). The union cooperated with Armenians from Gürün in Yerevan to found the village of Nor Kyurin in Soviet Armenia. The organization was dissolved in the late 20th century, as the last Armenians born in Gürün died of old age.
In September 2018, it was announced that a dilapidated Armenian church in Gürün would be renovated.
Demographics
In his Seyahatname, Evliya Çelebi claimed that the town's population then was wholly made up of Turkomans. In 1914, there were 13,874 Armenians living in the kaza of Gürün, which contained five villages that were exclusively Armenian and a few scattered settlements. Gürün, the kaza's seat, had 12,168 residents, 8,406 of whom were Armenian.
Notable people
Antranig Dzarugian (1913–1989), Armenian writer, poet, educator and journalist
Haroutiun Galentz (1910–1967), Armenian painter
Abdüllatif Şener (born 1954), Turkish politician
Mustafa Karasu (born 1950), a deputy chairman of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)
Vahe Vahian (1909–1998), Armenian poet, writer, editor, pedagogue and orator
İsmet Yılmaz (born 1961), Turkish politician
Cem Yılmaz (born 1973), Turkish comedian
References
External links
World Surface - Gürün, Turkey
Luc Vartan Baronian - The Former Armenian Community of Gurin
Further reading
Panian, Karnig. Goodbye, Antoura: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide. Translated by Simon Beugekian. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015.
Gürün District
Populated places in Sivas Province
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCr%C3%BCn |
Güzelyurt, formerly Gelveri (Cappadocian Greek: Καρβάλη), is a town in Aksaray Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey, at a distance of from the city of Aksaray. It is the seat of Güzelyurt District. Its population is 2,570 (2021). Its elevation is .
This area is part of the ancient region of Cappadocia, near the Ihlara Valley.
History
Cappadocia has an important place in the history of Christianity and Gregory of Nazianzus lived in the area. A historically large native Cappadocian Greek population existed in the area until the 1924 population exchange (see Cappadocian Greeks), when they were replaced with the Turks from Thessaloniki and Kavala. The monastery, churches, refuge caves, and mansions attest to the culture of the indigenous Cappadocian Greek population.
Places of interest
Güzelyurt is known for having three underground cities and over 50 churches carved into the rocky volcanic landscape including:
Ihlara Valley
Monastery Valley, "Manastır Vadisi"
Fairy Chimneys, "Peri Bacaları"
Antique Greek houses
Ahmatlı Church
St. Anargiros Church, "Sivişli Kilise"
Koç Church
Cathedral of Selime
The rock monastery of Selime, one of the largest religious buildings in Cappadocia.
Kızıl Kilise, "St. Spyridon Church" - a 5th or 6th century church (with an inscription dated to 1084) in the village of Sivrihisar.
St. Analipsis Church, "Yüksek Kilise" (High Church) on the hill of Analipsis. Stone age relics have been found nearby.
St. Gregorius Church, "Kilise Cami" - another rock-hewn church, in use today as a mosque
Kalburlu Kilisesi ('Sieve church', also called St. Epthemios Church').
Kömürlü Kilise, dedicated to St. Anargyros in the Monastery valley close to the Kalburlu church.
Çömlekçi Kilise, near the Koç church.
Other places of interest include:
The tomb of Selime Sultan in the village of Selime.
Linseed House, "Bezirhane" in the village of Belisırma.
The Priests House, also known as Papaz Evi.
Ziga thermal springs, "Ziga kaplıcaları" is located in the village of Yaprakhisar very close to Ihlara Valley.
Güzelyurt Pond Dam (Göleti)
An underground city is situated in Gaziemir village of Güzelyurt.
Image gallery
See also
Cappadocian Greeks
Cappadocia
Saint Gregory of Nazianzus
References
External links
Municipality's official website
Aksaray governor's office
Populated places in Güzelyurt District, Aksaray
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCzelyurt |
Hacıbektaş, formerly Karahöyük and Andidon, is a town and district of Nevşehir Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Hacıbektaş District. Its population is 5,325 (2022). Located in Cappadocia, its elevation is . The town is named after Haji Bektash Veli, a 13th-century Sufi saint who founded the Bektashi Order.
History
Formerly Andidon, W. M. Ramsay identified the town as one of the possible locations of Doara, an ancient town and bishopric. Modern scholars place it elsewhere. From 1867 until 1922, Hacıbektaş was part of Angora vilayet.
For centuries, Hacıbektaş has served as the international headquarters of the Bektashi Order until Atatürk outlawed all dervish orders in 1925. In 1930, the Bektashi Order officially set up its new headquarters in Tirana, Albania.
Notable residents
Haji Bektash Veli, the founder of the Bektashi order, lived in the area in the 14th century and is commemorated by the town's current name and in an annual festival. His tomb known as the Hajibektash complex is located near the center of town in his former monastery, now a museum, and is a site of pilgrimage for Alevi and Bektashi from throughout Turkey and the world.
See also
Sufism
Bektashism
References
External links
District municipality's official website
Map of Hacıbektaş district
General information on Hacıbektaş, Kenthaber.com
Geographical and economical structure of Hacıbektaş, Hacibektas.com.
District municipalities in Turkey
Islam in Turkey
Populated places in Nevşehir Province
Hacıbektaş District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hac%C4%B1bekta%C5%9F |
Hacılar is a municipality and district of Kayseri Province, Turkey. Its area is 187 km2, and its population is 12,465 (2022). The mayor is Bilal Özdoğan (AKP).
Composition
There are 12 neighbourhoods in Hacılar District:
Akdam
Akyazı
Aşağı
Beğendik
Erciyes
Hürmetçi
Karpuzsekisi
Orta
Sakarçiftliğiköyü
Yediağaç
Yeni
Yukarı
References
Populated places in Kayseri Province
Districts of Kayseri Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hac%C4%B1lar |
Hadim is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,165 km2, and its population is 10,999 (2022). Its elevation is .
History
The area now known as Hadim was settled by a tribe of Turkmen originating from Bukhara following the Seljuk victory at the battle of Malazgirt. Hadim was well regarded in Ottoman times as a source for Islamic scholars and their training, this is reflected in the villages previous name, Belde-i Hadimül-ilm meaning place which serves the sciences.
The scholars of Hadim fulfilled an important role in the Turkification of Anatolia. A notable scholar from Hadim was Seyyid Bayram Veli who founded the village of Dedemli in Hadim district. Bayram Veli was a dervish who had migrated from the region of Khorosan to avoid the incoming Mongol invasion. He was known to give spiritual and religious advice to sultan Alâeddin Keykubat I of the Sultanate of Rum.
Hadim had a number of Sayyid families with many of them the descendants of Hüsameddin Efendi who was a descendant of Ja'far al-Sadiq. the most influential of Hüsameddins descendants was Ebu Said Muhammed Hâdimî. Ebu Said hadimi was known as one of the greatest scholars of his time and performed sermons in the Ayasofya-i Kebir Cami-i Şerifi upon the invitation of sultan Mahmud I
Composition
There are 32 neighbourhoods in Hadim District:
Armağanlar
Aşağı Hadim
Aşağıeşenler
Aşağıkızılkaya
Bademli
Beyreli
Bolat
Çiftepınar
Dedemli
Dolhanlar
Dülgerler
Eğiste
Fakılar
Gaziler
Gerez
Gezlevi
Göynükkışla
Gülpınar
Hocalar
İğdeören
Kalınağıl
Kaplanlı
Küplüce
Oduncu
Sarnıç
Selahattin
Taşpınar
Umurlar
Yağcı
Yelmez
Yenikonak
Yukarıeşenler
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Populated places in Konya Province
Districts of Konya Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadim |
Hafik is a town in Sivas Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Hafik District. Its population is 3,594 (2022). The mayor is Harun İsa Gültay (MHP).
References
Populated places in Sivas Province
Hafik District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafik |
Pierfrancesco Pavoni (born 21 February 1963, in Rome) is a retired sprinter from Italy.
Biography
He won twelve medals at the International athletics competitions, four of these with national relays team and one of these at junior level. His greatest achievements were the 1982 European Championships silver medal as well as two World Indoor bronze medals.
His personal times were both achieved in 1986: 10.22 seconds over 100 metres and in 1987: 20.38 seconds over 200 metres. At 1983 World Championships he set the Italian record of the 4 × 100 m, winning another silver medal, with the teammate Pietro Mennea at the last relay.
International competitions
National titles
He has won 8 times the individual national championship.
3 wins in the 100 metres (1982, 1983, 1987)
2 wins in the 200 metres (1987)
1 win in the 400 metres (1985)
2 wins in the 60 metres indoor (1985, 1987)
See also
Italian all-time lists - 100 metres
Italian all-time lists - 200 metres
Italy national relay team
Italy national athletics team - More caps
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
Italian male sprinters
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Italy
Athletes from Rome
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy
World Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1983 Mediterranean Games
Italian Athletics Championships winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierfrancesco%20Pavoni |
Halfeti () is a municipality and district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Its area is 609 km2, and its population is 41,662 (2022). It is near the east bank of the river Euphrates, from the city of Şanlıurfa.
Most of the villages were submerged in the 1990s under the waters behind the dam on the Euphrates at Birecik. The town was therefore moved to the village of Karaotlak.
Halfeti was the subject of an internet urban legend wherein the town was the only location on Earth where black roses grew.
Post-dam settlement
As part of the Southeastern Anatolia Project, aka GAP, several dams were constructed in the area and surrounding regions as part of a larger agricultural and economic initiative by the Turkish Government. The town of Halfeti was among those settlements, ancient and contemporary, that would remain under the rising water levels of the local dams and rivers following the execution of the GAP.
Until the area was flooded in 1999, the people lived from fishing in the Euphrates and farming on the riverbank, especially growing pistachios. Some buildings, including the jail, were pulled down and rebuilt in the new town. The old town of Halfeti is only partially submerged and is now a local tourist attraction, especially for ferry trips to visit the ruins of the nearby fortress of Rumkale. The countryside is also attractive, although the green valley of the past is now underwater.
Opposite Halfeti stood the village of Kale Meydanı, which was also submerged, but the large landowners house was taken and reconstructed in the grounds of Harran University.
Composition
There are 49 neighbourhoods in Halfeti District, each headed by a muhtar:
Altınova
Argaç
Argıl
Aşağıgöğlü
Balaban
Beyburcu
Bitek
Bozyazı
Bulaklı
Çakallı
Çebekoğlu
Cumhuriyet
Dergili
Durak
Dutluca
Erikli
Fırat
Fıstıközü
Gözeli
Gülaçan
Günece
Gürkuyu
Gürlüce
Hilalli
Kalkan
Kantarma
Karaotlak
Kavaklıca
Kayalar
Kınık
Kurugöl
Macunlu
Narlık
Ömerli
Ortayol
Özmüş
Rüştiye
Savaşan
Saylakkaya
Seldek
Selmanlı
Şimaliye
Sırataşlar
Siyahgül
Sütveren
Tavşanören
Yenimahalle
Yeşilözen
Yukarıgöklü
Politics
In the 31 March 2019 local elections, the candidate of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), Şeref Albayrak, was elected mayor with 54.92% of the votes. His first rival Peoples' Democratic Party's candidate Abdurrahman Çiftçi obtained 37.56% of votes. The current Kaymakam is Zikrullah Erdoğan.
Notable people
Abdullah Öcalan (born 1949), Kurdish politician , nationalist and founder of the Kurdish Workers Party.
Müslüm Gürses (1953–2013), musician
Osman Öcalan (1958–2021), Kurdish military commander
Dilek Öcalan (born 1987), politician
References
Populated places in Şanlıurfa Province
Populated places on the Euphrates River
Districts of Şanlıurfa Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Kurdish settlements in Turkey
Cittaslow | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfeti |
Hamamözü is a town in Amasya Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Hamamözü District. Its population is 1,629 (2021). The population has shrunk 13% since 1990. It has an average altitude of 690 m. The mayor is Fatih Bayrakdar (MHP).
Facts
Hamamözü sits on the north-east foothills of the İnegöl mountains, 95 km west of the city of Amasya, 23 km from Gümüşhacıköy, and 45 km south of the city of Çorum. Being in high country inland from the Black Sea coast the climate is warm and dry in summer, moderately cold in winter but with more rain in spring and autumn than the countryside further inland. Much of the land is cultivated with grains and pulses; there are also large areas of forest and pasture.
Hamamözü is not a wealthy district, people mainly living from agriculture and food from their own gardens, with the hot springs bringing some visitors to the town, which otherwise provides high schools and other basic amenities to the surrounding countryside. Younger generations are migrating to larger cities in search of careers.
Climate
Hamamözü has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb).
Places of interest
The springs of Arkutbey, a popular place for walks and picnics as well as to drink and bathe in the healing mineral waters.
Famous residents
Olympic gold medallist in 1956, wrestler Hamit Kaplan
Wrestler Adil Candemir
References
Populated places in Amasya Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Hamamözü District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamam%C3%B6z%C3%BC |
Hamur () is a town in Ağrı Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Hamur District. Its population is 3,276 (2021). The mayor is Cesmi Ergül (AKP).
References
Populated places in Ağrı Province
Kurdish settlements in Turkey
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamur |
Hanak is a town in Ardahan Province of Turkey, on the road from Ardahan to Posof. It is the seat of Çıldır District. Its population is 2,880 (2021). The town is populated by Turks.
See also
Hanák
Hanakia
References
Populated places in Ardahan Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Hanak District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanak |
Church Congress is an annual meeting of members of the Church of England, lay and clerical, to discuss matters religious, moral or social, in which the church is interested. It has no legislative authority, and there is no voting on the questions discussed.
History
The first congress was held in 1861 in the hall of King's College, Cambridge, and was the outcome of the revival of convocation in 1852. From 1879 the congress included an Ecclesiastical and Educational Art Exhibition.
The congress is under the presidency of the bishop in whose diocese it happens to be held. The meetings of the congress have been mainly remarkable as illustrating the wide divergences of opinion and practice in the Church of England, no less than the broad spirit of tolerance which has made this possible and honorably differentiates these meetings from so many ecclesiastical assemblies of the past. The congress of 1908 was especially distinguished, not only for the expression of diametrically opposed views on such questions as the sacrifice of the mass or the higher criticism, but for the very large proportion of time given to the discussion of the attitude of the Church towards socialism and kindred subjects.
Meetings
Historical places of meeting are:
King's College, Cambridge 1861
Oxford 1862
Manchester 1863
Bristol 1864
Norwich 1865
York 1866
Wolverhampton 1867
Dublin 1868
Liverpool 1869
Southampton 1870
Nottingham 1871
Leeds 1872
Bath 1873
Brighton 1874
Stoke on Trent 1875
Plymouth 1876
Croydon 1877
Sheffield 1878
Swansea 1879
Leicester 1880
Newcastle 1881
Derby 1882
Reading 1883
Carlisle 1884
Portsmouth 1885
Wakefield 1886
Wolverhampton 1887
Manchester 1888
Cardiff 1889
Kingston upon Hull 1890
Rhyl 1891
Folkestone 1892
Birmingham 1893
Exeter 1894
Norwich 1895
Shrewsbury 1896
Nottingham 1897
Bradford 1898
London 1899
Newcastle 1900
Brighton 1901
Northampton 1902
Bristol 1903
Liverpool 1904
Weymouth 1905
Barrow-in-Furness 1906
Great Yarmouth 1907
Manchester 1908
Swansea 1909
Cambridge 1910
Stoke on Trent 1911
Middlesbrough 1912
Southampton 1913
suspended 1914 - 1918
Leicester 1919
Southend on Sea 1920
Birmingham 1921
Sheffield 1922
Plymouth 1923
Oxford 1924
Eastbourne 1925
Southport 1926
Ipswich 1927
Cheltenham 1928
Newport 1930
References
Church of England ecclesiastical polity | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%20Congress |
Hanönü, also Gökçeağaç, is a town in the Kastamonu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Hanönü District. Its population is 2,111 (2021). The town lies at an elevation of .
References
Populated places in Kastamonu Province
Hanönü District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%C3%B6n%C3%BC |
Harmancık is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 400 km2, and its population is 5,979 (2022).
Composition
There are 31 neighbourhoods in Harmancık District:
Akpınar
Alutça
Balatdanişment
Ballısaray
Bekdemirler
Çakmak
Çamoğlu
Çatalsöğüt
Dedebalı
Delicegüney
Dutluca
Ece
Gedikören
Gökçeler
Gülözü
Harmancıkakalan
Hobandanişment
Ilıcaksu
İshaklar
Karaca
Kepekdere
Kıçmanlar
Kılavuzlar
Kocapınar
Kozluca
Merkez
Nalbant
Okçular
Saçaklı
Yayabaşı
Yeşilyurt
References
Populated places in Bursa Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Districts of Bursa Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmanc%C4%B1k |
1 South African Tank Regiment is an armoured regiment of the South African Army, based at the Tempe military base in Bloemfontein as part of the South African Army Armour Formation.
History
Origin
The Regiment was established in April 1999, composed of members of the old Tank Wing of the National Defence Force's School of Armour.
Role
This unit supplies the only full-time tank force to the SA Army.
Lt Col William Nondala, the second CO, was the first black commanding officer appointed in the country's Armoured Corps.
There were 724 available posts, but only 335 were staffed and 389 vacant in 2005. The highest shortage level (75%) was experienced at the level of trooper.
Equipment and Operations
The unit trains jointly with the reserve force units to enhance the ‘one force’ concept, because the reserve force is the expansionary capability of the SANDF in times of national defence. There is however only a small percentage of active reserves, because training call-ups are limited, due to budgetary constraints.
It is equipped with the Olifant Mk.2 main battle tank. The unit’s structure is a ‘type 38 regiment’, with 2 tanks at regimental headquarters and 12 tanks each in the three operational squadrons. There are also support squadrons and tank transport squadrons.
The Olifant tanks have been significantly upgraded with new power packs and stabilized night vision equipment. The vehicles are also capable of fire on the move manoeuvres. The Olifants may be replaced with a small number of new Main Battle Tanks some time after 2018.
Due to a lack of funds for their primary armoured role and a shortage of regular infantry, the unit has recently been deployed in their secondary line infantry role on border patrol and external peacekeeping operations in central Africa. The C (or third) squadron was deployed from April to July 2004 along the Lesotho border and received praise from the Tactical headquarters, police and the farming community. Another squadron was deployed from December 2004 to March 2005. Several members of the unit have also been deployed to the Democratic Republic of Congo, DRC as part of the United Nations’ peacekeeping force MONUSCO and in Burundi as VIP protectors.
Insignia
Previous Dress Insignia
Current Dress Insignia
References
Armoured regiments of South Africa
Military units and formations in Bloemfontein
Military units and formations established in 1999
1999 establishments in South Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%20South%20African%20Tank%20Regiment |
Fashion in the period 1795–1820 in European and European-influenced countries saw the final triumph of undress or informal styles over the brocades, lace, periwigs and powder of the earlier 18th century. In the aftermath of the French Revolution, no one wanted to appear to be a member of the French aristocracy, and people began using clothing more as a form of individual expression of the true self than as a pure indication of social status. As a result, the shifts that occurred in fashion at the turn of the 19th century granted the opportunity to present new public identities that also provided insights into their private selves. Katherine Aaslestad indicates how "fashion, embodying new social values, emerged as a key site of confrontation between tradition and change."
For women's dress, the day-to-day outfit of the skirt and jacket style were practical and tactful, recalling the working-class woman. Women's fashions followed classical ideals, and stiffly boned stays were abandoned in favor of softer, less boned corsets. This natural figure was emphasized by being able to see the body beneath the clothing. Visible breasts were part of this classical look, and some characterized the breasts in fashion as solely aesthetic and sexual.
This era of British history is known as the Regency period, marked by the regency between the reigns of George III and George IV. But the broadest definition of the period, characterized by trends in fashion, architecture, culture, and politics, begins with the French Revolution of 1789 and ends with Queen Victoria's 1837 accession. The names of popular people who lived in this time are still famous: Napoleon and Josephine, Juliette Récamier, Jane Austen, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Byron, Beau Brummell, Lady Emma Hamilton, Queen Louise of Prussia and her husband and many more. Beau Brummell introduced trousers, perfect tailoring, and unadorned, immaculate linen as the ideals of men's fashion.
In Germany, republican city-states relinquished their traditional, modest, and practical garments and started to embrace the French and English fashion trends of short-sleeved chemise dresses and Spencer jackets. American fashion trends emulated French dress, but in a toned-down manner, with shawls and tunics to cope with the sheerness of the chemise. Spanish majos, however, rebelled against foppish French Enlightenment ideals by reclaiming and elaborating upon traditional Spanish dress.
By the end of the eighteenth century, a major shift in fashion was taking place that extended beyond changes in mere style to changes in philosophical and social ideals. Prior to this time, the style and traditions of the Ancien Régime prevented the conceptualization of "the self". Instead, one's identity was considered malleable; subject to change depending on what clothes one was wearing. However, by the 1780s, the new, "natural" style allowed one's inner self to transcend their clothes.
During the 1790s, there was a new concept of the internal and external self. Before this time, there had only been one self, which was expressed through clothing. When going to a masquerade ball, people wore specific clothing, so they could not show their individuality through their clothing. Incorporated in this new "natural" style was the importance of ease and comfort of one's dress. Not only was there a new emphasis on hygiene, but also clothing became much lighter and more able to be changed and washed frequently. Even upper-class women began wearing cropped dresses as opposed to dresses with long trains or hoops that restricted them from leaving their homes. The subsequent near stasis of the silhouette inspired volumes of new trims and details on heavily trimmed skirts back into fashion. In the Regency years, complicated historic and orientalist elements provided lavish stylistic displays as such details were a vigorous vehicle for conspicuous consumption given their labor-intensive fabrications, and therefore a potent signifier of hierarchy for the upper classes who wore the styles. This kind of statement was particularly noticeable in profuse trimmings, especially on skirts where unrestrained details were common, along with cut edge details and edge trims.
Women's fashion was also influenced by male fashion, such as tailored waistcoats and jackets to emphasize women's mobility. This new movement toward practicality of dress showed that dress became less of a way to solely categorize between classes or genders; dress was meant to suit one's personal daily routine. It was also during this time period that the fashion magazine and journal industry began to take off. They were most often monthly (often competing) periodicals that allowed men and women to keep up with the ever-changing styles.
Influence of the Industrial Revolution
In the late 18th century, clothes were mostly sold by individual shopkeepers who were often the artisans who made the goods. Customers usually lived in the same neighborhood as the shops and the shops would gain popularity by their customers' word-of–mouth recommendation, with the exception of warehouses (i.e., any retail on wholesale), where goods being sold were not necessarily made in the shop. However, things started to change during the transition to the 19th century. People sought efficiency and variety; under the influence of the Industrial Revolution, improved transportation and introduction of machines in manufacturing allowed fashion to develop at an even faster pace.
The first sewing machine emerged in 1790, and later, Josef Madersperger began developing his first sewing machine in 1807, presenting his first working machine in 1814. The introduction of the sewing machine sped up garment production. However, it had no widespread social impact until the 1840s, and clothing was entirely made by hand in the period to 1820. Meanwhile, advanced spinning, weaving and cotton-printing techniques developed in the 18th century had already brought cheaper, widely available washable fabrics. These durable and affordable fabrics became popular among the larger population. These techniques were further developed by the introduction of machines. Before, accessories like embroidery and lace were manufactured on a small and limited scale by skilled craftsmen and sold in their own shops; in 1804, a machine for embroidering was constructed by John Duncan, and people started producing these essential accessories in factories and dispatching the products to shops throughout the country. These technical developments in clothing production allowed a greater variety of styles; rapid changes in fashion also became possible.
The Industrial Revolution bridged Europe and America with regards to travel. When Louis Simond first arrived in America, he was struck by the mobility of the population and frequency of people made trips to the capital, writing "you meet nowhere with those persons who never were out of their native place, and whose habits are wholly local — nobody above poverty
who has not visited London once in his life; and most of those who can, visit once a year.' New canals and railways not only transported people, but created national and even broader markets by transporting goods manufactured in factories at great distances. The rise of industry throughout the Western world increased garment production and people were encouraged to travel more widely and purchase more goods than ever before.
Communication was also improved in this era. New ideas about fashion were conveyed by little dolls dressed in the latest style, newspapers, and illustrated magazines; for example, La Belle Assemblée, founded by John Bell, was a British women's magazine published from 1806 to 1837. It was known for its fashion plates of contemporary fashions, demonstrating ways for women to dress and create ensembles.
Changes in fashion
1790s:
Women: "age of undress"; dressing like statues coming to life; Greek fashion started to inspire the current fashion, and fillet-Greek classical hairstyles and high waisted clothing with a more triangular hem started to find its way; pastel fabrics; natural makeup; bare arms; blonde wigs; accessorized with: hats, Draped turban, gloves, jewelry, small handbags – reticules, shawls, handkerchiefs; parasols; fans; Maja: layered skirt
Men: trousers with perfect tailoring; linen; coats cutaway in the front with long tails; cloaks; hats; the Dandy; Majo: short jacket
1800s:
Women: short hair; white hats; trim, feathers, lace; Egyptian and Eastern influences in jewelry and apparel; shawls; hooded-overcoats; hair: masses of curls, sometimes pulled back into a bun
Men: linen shirts w. high collars; tall hats; hair: short and wigless, à la Titus or Bedford Crop, but often with some long locks left coming down
1810s:
Women: soft, subtle, sheer classical drapes; raised back waist of high-waisted dresses; short-fitted single-breasted jackets; morning dress; walking dress; evening dress; riding habits; bare bosoms and arms; hair: parted in the center, tight ringlets over the ears
Men: fitted, single-breasted tailcoats; cravats wrapped up to the chin; sideburns and "Brutus style" natural hair; tight breeches; silk stockings; accessorized with: gold watches, cane, hats outside.
1820s:
Women: dress waistlines began to drop; elaborate hem and neckline decoration; cone-shaped skirts; sleeves pinched
Men: overcoats/greatcoats w. fur or velvet collars; the Garrick coat; Wellington boots; jockey boots
Women's fashion
Overview
In this period, fashionable women's clothing styles were based on a high, under the bust waistline, only called the Empire silhouette in the 20th century — dresses were closely fitted to the torso just under the bust, falling loosely below. In different contexts, such styles are now commonly called "Directoire style" (referring to the Directory government of France during the second half of the 1790s), "Empire style" (referring to Napoleon's 1804–1814/1815 empire, and often also to his 1800–1804 "consulate"), or "Regency" (loosely used to refer to various periods between the 18th century and the Victorian). Empire silhouette and Directoire style were not used at the time these styles were worn.
These 1795–1820 fashions were quite different from the styles prevalent during most of the 18th century and the rest of the 19th century when women's clothes were generally tight against the torso from the natural waist upwards, and heavily full-skirted below (often inflated by means of hoop skirts, crinolines, panniers, bustles, etc.). Women's fashion around this time started to follow classical ideals, inspired by the ancient Greek and Roman style with its gracious, loosely falling dresses that were gathered or just accentuated over the natural waist under the bust. For women, heavily boned stays gave way to a celebration of the natural form. Bodices were short with waistlines falling just below the bust. Fashion fabrics such as cotton muslin were light to the point of being sheer, however, printed heavier cottons, wools and other textiles were also popular.
Gowns
Inspired by neoclassical tastes, 'undress' was the style of the day, casual and informal. It was the type of gown a woman wore from morning until noon or later depending on her social engagements of the day. The short-waisted dresses sported soft, loose skirts and were often made of white, almost transparent muslin, which was easily washed and draped loosely like the garments on Greek and Roman statues. Since the fabric clung to the body, revealing what was underneath, it made nudity à la grecque a centerpiece of public spectacle. Satin was sometimes worn for evening wear. 'Half Dress' is thought of as how one would dress when going out during the day or meeting with guests.' Full Dress' was what a lady wore to formal events, day or night. 'Evening Dress' was only appropriate at evening affairs. Thus during the 1795–1820 period, it was often possible for middle- and upper-class women to wear clothes that were not very confining or cumbersome, and still be considered decently and fashionably dressed.
Among middle- and upper-class women there was a basic distinction between morning dress (worn at home in the afternoons as well as mornings) and evening attire — generally, both men and women changed clothes in preparation for the evening meal and possible entertainments to follow. There were also further gradations such as afternoon dress, walking dress, riding habits, traveling dress, dinner dress, etc.
In the Mirror of Graces; or the English Lady's Costume, published in London in 1811, the author ("a Lady of Distinction") advised:
Mourning dresses were worn to show the mourning of a loved one. They were high-necked and long-sleeved, covering throat and wrists, generally plain and black, and devoid of decoration.
Gowns (now restricted to formal occasions) were often extravagantly trimmed and decorated with lace, ribbons, and netting. They were cut low and sported short sleeves, baring bosoms. Bared arms were covered by long white gloves. Our Lady of Distinction, however, cautions young women from displaying their bosoms beyond the boundaries of decency, saying, "The bosom and shoulders of a very young and fair girl may be displayed without exciting much displeasure or disgust."
A Lady of Distinction also advised young ladies to wear softer shades of color, such as pinks, periwinkle blue, or lilacs. The mature matron could wear fuller colors, such as purple, black, crimson, deep blue, or yellow.
Many women of this era remarked upon how being fully dressed meant the bosom and shoulders were bare, and yet being under-dressed would mean one's neckline went right up to one's chin.
Silhouette
Due to the importance of showing social status, the fashion industry was very much influenced by society during the Regency era. One's position was determined by the person's wealth, etiquette, family status, intelligence, and beauty. Women financially and socially relied on their husbands. The only socially-acceptable activities in which women could participate centered around social gatherings and fashion, the most important component of which was attending evening parties. These parties helped to build relationships and connection with others. As etiquette dictated different standards of attire for different events, afternoon dress, evening dress, evening full dress, ball dress, and different types of dresses were popular.
Women's fashion in the Regency era started to change drastically. It popularized the empire silhouette, which featured a fitted bodice and high waist. This "new natural style" emphasized the beauty of the body's natural lines. Clothing became lighter and easier to care for than in the past. Women often wore several layers of clothing, typically undergarments, gowns, and outerwear. The chemise, the standard undergarment of the era, prevented the thin, gauzy dresses from being fully transparent. Outerwear, such as the spencer and the pelisse, were popular.
The empire silhouette was created in the late 18th century to about the early 19th century and referred to the period of the First French Empire. This adoption had been linked with France's neoclassical taste for Greek principles. In fact, however, its genealogy is much more complex. It was first worn by the French queen, whose reference was Caribbean, not Greek. The style was often worn in white to denote as high social status. Josephine Bonaparte was one of the figureheads for the Empire waistline, with her elaborated and decorated Empire line dresses. Regency women followed the Empire style along with the same trend of raised waistlines as French styles, even when their countries were at war. Starting from the 1780s and early 1790s, women's silhouette became slimmer and the waistlines crept up. After 1795, waistlines rose dramatically and the skirt circumference was further reduced. A few years later, England and France started to show the focus of the high waist style and this led to the creation of Empire style.
The style began as part of Neoclassical fashion, reviving styles from Greco-Roman art which showed women wearing loose-fitting rectangular tunics known as peplos which were belted under the bust, providing support for women and a cool, comfortable outfit especially in a warm climate. The empire silhouette was defined by the waistline, which was positioned directly under the bust. The Empire silhouette was the key style in women's clothing during the Regency era. The dresses were usually light, long, and fit loosely, they were usually in white and often sheer from the ankle to just below the bodice which strongly emphasized thin hem and tied around the body. A long rectangular shawl or wrap, very often plain red but with a decorated border in portraits, helped in colder weather and was apparently lain around the midriff when seated—for which sprawling semi-recumbent postures were favored. The dresses had a fitted bodice and it gave a high-waist appearance.
The style had waxed and waned in fashion for hundreds of years. The shape of the dresses also helped to lengthen the body's appearance. The clothing can also be draped to maximize the bust. Lightweight fabrics were typically used to create a flowing effect. Also, ribbon, sash, and other decorative features were used to highlight the waistline. The empire gowns were often with a low neckline and short sleeves and women usually wore them as for formal occasions. On the other hand, day dresses had a higher neckline and long sleeves. The chemisette was a staple for fashionable ladies. Although there were now differences between dresses and gowns, the high waistline was not changed.
Hairstyles and headgear
During this period, the classical influence extended to hairstyles. Often masses of curls were worn over the forehead and ears, with the longer back hair drawn up into loose buns or Psyche knots influenced by Greek and Roman styles. By the later 1810s, front hair was parted in the center and worn in tight ringlets over the ears. Adventurous women like Lady Caroline Lamb wore short cropped hairstyles "à la Titus", the Journal de Paris reporting in 1802 that "more than half of elegant women were wearing their hair or wig à la Titus", a layered cut usually with some tresses hanging down.
In the Mirror of Graces, a Lady of Distinction writes,
Conservative married women continued to wear linen mob caps, which now had wider brims at the sides to cover the ears. Fashionable women wore similar caps for morning (at home undress) wear.
For the first time in centuries, respectable but daringly fashionable women would leave the house without a hat or bonnet, previously something often associated with prostitutes. However, most women continued to wear something on their head outdoors, though they were beginning to cease to do so indoors during the day (as well as for evening wear). The antique head-dress, or Queen Mary coif, Chinese hat, Oriental-inspired turban, and Highland helmet were popular. As for bonnets, their crowns and brims were adorned with increasingly elaborate ornamentations, such as feathers and ribbons. In fact, ladies of the day embellished their hats frequently, replacing old decorations with new trims or feathers.
Undergarments
Fashionable women of the Regency era wore several layers of undergarments. The first was the chemise, or shift, a thin garment with tight, short sleeves (and a low neckline if worn under evening wear), made of white cotton and finished with a plain hem that was shorter than the dress. These shifts were meant to protect the outer-clothes from perspiration and were washed more frequently than outer clothes. In fact, washerwomen of the time used coarse soap when scrubbing these garments, then plunged them in boiling water, hence the absence of color, lace, or other embellishments, which would have faded or damaged the fabric under such rough treatment. Chemises and shifts also prevented the transparent muslin or silk dresses from being too revealing.
The next layer was a pair of stays or corset (more lightly boned). While high-waisted classical fashions required no corset for the slight of figure, most ordinary women still wore some kind of bust support, although the aim was to look as if they were not. The disappearance of the corset or stays has been much exaggerated by writers on the Regency period. There were some experiments to produce garments which would serve the same functions as a modern brassiere. (In the Mirror of Graces, a "divorce" was described as an undergarment that served to separate a woman's breasts. Made of steel or iron that was covered by a type of padding, and shaped like a triangle, this device was placed in the center of the chest.) "Short stays" (corsets extending only a short distance below the breasts) were often worn over the shift or chemise (not directly next to the skin), and "long stays" (corsets extending down towards the natural waist) were worn by women trying to appear slimmer than they were or who needed more support. The English wore these more than the French, but even such long stays were not primarily intended to constrict the waist, in the manner of Victorian corsets.
The final layer was the petticoat, which was the name for any skirt worn under the gown and could be a skirt with a bodice, a skirt attached over the torso by tapes, or a separate skirt. These petticoats were often worn between the underwear and the outer dress and were considered part of the outer clothing, not underwear. The lower edge of the petticoat was intended to be seen since women would often lift their outer dresses to spare the relatively delicate material of the outer dress from mud or damp (so exposing only the coarser and cheaper fabric of the petticoat to risk). Often exposed to view, petticoats were decorated at the hem with rows of tucks or lace, or ruffles.
"Drawers" (large, flowy 'shorts' with buttons at the crotch) were only occasionally worn at this time. Women had no underwear under their dresses.
Stockings (hosiery), made of silk or knitted cotton, were held up by garters below the knee until suspenders were introduced in the late 19th century and were often of a white or pale flesh color.
Outerwear and shoes
During this time period, women's clothing was much thinner than in the eighteenth century so warmer outerwear became important in fashion, especially in colder climates. Coat-like garments such as pelisses and redingotes were popular, as were shawls, mantles, mantelets, capes, and cloaks. The mantelet was a short cape that was eventually lengthened and made into a shawl. The redingote, another popular example, was a full-length garment resembling a man's riding coat (hence the name) in style, that could be made of different fabrics and patterns. Throughout the period, the Indian shawl was the favored wrap, as houses and the typical English country house were generally draughty, and the sheer muslin and light silk dresses popular during this time provided less protection. Shawls were made of soft cashmere or silk or even muslin for summer. Paisley patterns were extremely popular at the time.
Short (high-waisted) jackets called spencers were worn outdoors, along with long-hooded cloaks, Turkish wraps, mantles, capes, Roman tunics, chemisettes, and overcoats called pelisses (which were often sleeveless and reached down as far as the ankles). These outer garments were often made of double sarsnet, fine Merino cloth, or velvets, and trimmed with furs, such as swan's down, fox, chinchilla, or sable. On May 6, 1801, Jane Austen wrote her sister Cassandra, "Black gauze cloaks are worn as much as anything."
Thin, flat fabric (silk or velvet), or leather slippers were generally worn (as opposed to the high-heeled shoes of much of the 18th century).
Metal pattens were strapped on shoes to protect them from rain or mud, raising the feet an inch or so off the ground.
Accessories
Gloves were always worn by women outside the house. When worn inside, as when making a social call, or on formal occasions, such as a ball, they were removed when dining. About the length of the glove, A Lady of Distinction writes:
Longer gloves were worn rather loosely during this period, crumpling below the elbow. As described in the passage above, "garters" could fasten longer gloves.
Reticules held personal items, such as vinaigrettes. The form-fitting dresses or frocks of the day had no pockets, thus these small drawstring handbags were essential. These handbags were often called buskins or balantines. They were rectangular in shape and was worn suspended by a woven band from a belt placed around the figure above the waist.
Parasols (as shown in the illustration) protected a lady's skin from the sun and were considered an important fashion accessory. Slender and light in weight, they came in a variety of shapes, colors, and sizes.
Fashionable ladies (and gentlemen) used fans to cool themselves and to enhance gestures and body language. Made of paper or silk on sticks of ivory and wood, and printed with oriental motifs or popular scenes of the era, these ubiquitous accessories featured a variety of shapes and styles, such as pleated or rigid. An information sheet from the Cheltenham Museum describes fans and their use in body language and communication (click and scroll to page 4).
Directoire (1795–1799)
By the mid-1790s, neoclassical clothing had come into fashion in France. Several influences had combined to bring about this simplification in women's clothing: aspects of Englishwomen's practical country outdoor-wear leaked up into French high fashion, and there was a reaction in revolutionary France against the stiffly boned corsets and brightly colored satins and other heavy fabrics that were in style in the Ancien Régime (see 1750–1795 in fashion). But ultimately, Neo-classicism was adopted for its association with classical republican ideas [with reference to Greece, rather than republican Rome, which was now considered politically dangerous]. This renewed fascination of the classical past was encouraged by the recent discoveries of Pompeii and Herculaneum, and would likely have not been possible outside such a specific geographic and historical setting that allowed the idea of the past made present to become paramount.
Along with the influences of the Pompeii and Herculaneum excavations, several other factors came together to popularize neoclassical dress. Starting in the early 1790s, Emma Hamilton began her performances of attitudes, something that was considered by contemporaries as entirely new. These attitudes were based loosely on the ancient practice of pantomime, though Emma's performances lacked masks and musical accompaniment. Her performances created a fusion between art and nature; art came alive and her body became a type of art. As an aid to her performances of tragic mythological and historical figures, Emma wore the clothing á la grecque that would become popular in mainstream France in the coming years. A simple light-colored chemise made from thin, flowing material was worn and gathered with a narrow ribbon under the breasts. Simple cashmere shawls were used as headdresses or to give more fullness to the drapery of the chemise. They also helped to prevent broken lines in the performance so that the outstretched arms were always connected with the body, escalating the effect of fluid movement, and oftentimes, a cape or a cloak was worn to emphasize the lines of the body in certain poses. This highlighted the continuity of surface of line and form in the body of the performer to emphasize the unity, simplicity, and continuously flowing movement from one part of the body to the next. The hair was worn in a natural, loose, and flowing fashion. All of these properties blended together to allow an extensive play of light and shadow to reveal and accent certain parts of the body during the performance while covering others. Emma was highly capable in her attitudes, and the influence of her dress spread from Naples to Paris as wealthy Parisians took the Grand Tour.
There is also some evidence that the white muslin shift dress became popular after Thermidor through the influence of prison dress. Revolutionary women such as Madame Tallien portrayed themselves in this way because it was the only clothing they possessed during their time in prison. The chemise á la grecque also represented the struggle for representation of the self and the stripping down of past cultural values. Also, a simplification of the attire worn by preteen girls in the 1780s (who were no longer required to wear miniature versions of adult stays and panniers) probably paved the way for the simplification of the attire worn by teenage girls and adult women in the 1790s. Waistlines became somewhat high by 1795, but skirts were still rather full, and neoclassical influences were not yet dominant.
It was during the second half of the 1790s that fashionable women in France began to adopt a thoroughgoing Classical style, based on an idealized version of ancient Greek and Roman dress (or what was thought at the time to be ancient Greek and Roman dress), with narrow clinging skirts. Some of the extreme Parisian versions of the neoclassical style (such as narrow straps which bared the shoulders, and diaphanous dresses without sufficient stays, petticoats, or shifts worn beneath) were not widely adopted elsewhere, but many features of the late-1790s neoclassical style were broadly influential, surviving in successively modified forms in European fashions over the next two decades.
With this Classical style came the willingness to expose the breast. With the new iconography of the Revolution as well as a change in emphasis on maternal breast-feeding, the chemise dress became a sign of the new egalitarian society. The style was simple and appropriate for the comfort of a pregnant or nursing woman as the breasts were emphasized and their availability was heightened. Maternity became fashionable and it was not uncommon for women to walk around with their breasts exposed. Some women took the "fashionable maternity" a step further and wore a "six-month pad" under their dress to appear pregnant.
White was considered the most suitable color for neoclassical clothing (accessories were often in contrasting colors). Short trains trailing behind were common in dresses of the late 1790s.
Directoire gallery
This portrait of the Frankland sisters by John Hoppner gives an idea of the styles of 1795.
"Ruth entreating Naomi and Orpah to return to the land of Moab" by William Blake. Blake is not a typical neo-classicist, but this shows a somewhat similar idealization of antiquity (as well as predicting the future high fashions of the late 1790s). The particular image was composed in 1795 and is currently held by the Fitzwilliam Museum.
Leipzig fashion plate showing woman and girl wearing elegantly simple high-waisted styles, which are not strongly neoclassical, however.
Portrait of Gabrielle Josephine du Pont.
1798 picture, showing a lady who seems none too warmly attired for a balloon journey in her low-cut thin-looking Directoire dress.
Fashion plate of white Directoire dress worn with contrasting red shawl with a Greek key border.
A 1798 sketch of a day outfit with short "spencer" jacket (less neoclassical, though still following the empire silhouette).
Marie-Denise Villers wears an almost transparent white dress.
Gertrud Hage wears a white transparent dress over a white petticoat.
Riding habits of 1799. The habit on the right features a short jacket with tails. The green habit on the left may be a redingote rather than a jacket and petticoat.
Caricatures
"TOO MUCH and TOO LITTLE, or Summer Clothing of 1556 & 1796", a February 8, 1796, caricature engraved by Isaac Cruikshank (father of George) after a drawing by George M. Woodward. (In 1796, strongly neoclassically influenced styles were still very new in England.) Notice the single vertical feather springing from the hair of the 1796 woman.
"Tippies of 1796", a highly stylized parody which caricatures women's feather headdresses and dandies' tight trousers, among other things.
"The gallery of fashion" satirizes early neo-classical influenced fashions.
"Parisian ladies in their full winter dress", an over-the-top caricature by Isaac Cruikshank of allegedly excessively diaphanous styles worn in late 1790s Paris.
"A French Invasion on the Fashionable Dress of 1798," British caricature, also showing tight trousers, wigs, and square neckline.
"Monstrosities of 1799".
Empire (1800–1815)
During the first two decades of the 19th century, fashions continued to follow the basic high-waisted empire silhouette, but in other respects, neoclassical influences became progressively diluted. Dresses remained narrow in the front, but fullness at the raised back waist allowed room to walk. Colors other than white came into style, the fad for diaphanous outer fabrics faded (except in certain formal contexts), and some elements of obviously visible ornamentation came back into use in the design of the dress (as opposed to the elegant simplicity or subtle white-on-white embroidery of the dress of ca. 1800).
Empire gallery
Dolley Madison wears a short sleeved, light-pink dress with a high waistline. She also wears a thin, chain necklace, a golden-colored shawl, and her hair in a bun with loose waves; the simplicity, yet elegance, of her attire, is typical of the era.
1804 French painting by Marguerite Gérard showing two different dresses, one more elaborate than the other. Note the low neckline then in fashion.
Paris Fashion of 1804. Note the even more generous neckline.
Conservative fashion: Mob cap of c. 1805 is pleated in the front and has a narrow frilled brim that widens to cover the ears. America.
Morning dress: Cotton Morning dress c. 1806.
Mrs. Harrison Gray Otis wears a dress with a sheer top layer over a partial lining and a patterned shawl. She wears a gold armlet on her left arm. Her hair is styled in loose waves at the temples and over her ears. Massachusetts, 1809.
1809 gown worn with elbow-length gloves.
1810 gown, shown with elbow-length gloves.
1810 sketch of a woman in "Schute" bonnet and blue-striped dress with flounces.
Portrait of a woman by Henri Mulard, ca. 1810.
Fashion plate of a panniered English court gown, 1810.
Marguerite-Charlotte David wears a simple white satin gown and the ubiquitous shawl. Her headdress is trimmed with ostrich plumes.
Caricatures
"The Fashions of the Day, or Time Past and Present", a caricature purporting to show the provocative and revealing character of 1807 fashions as compared to those of the 18th century (deliberately exaggerating the contrast).
"Three Graces in a High Wind", 1810 caricature by Gillray. A satire of clinging dresses worn with few layers of petticoats beneath.
"The Invisible Ones", 1810 caricature of impractical hat styles.
"Almack's Longitude and Latitude", 1813 caricature by George Cruikshank.
Regency (1815–1820) gallery
This era signaled the loss of any lingering neoclassical, pseudo-Grecian styles in women's dress. This decline was especially evident in France due to the Emperor Napoleon's suppression of trade in the fabrics used in neoclassical dress. While waistlines were still high, they were beginning to drop slightly. Larger and more abundant decoration, especially near the hem and neckline foreshadowed greater extravagance in the coming years. More petticoats were being worn, and a stiffer, more cone-shaped skirt became popular. Stiffness could be supplemented by layers of ruffles and tucks on a hem, as well as corded or flounced petticoats. Sleeves began to be pulled, tied, and pinched in ways that were more influenced by romantic and gothic styles than neoclassical. Hats and hairstyles became more elaborate and trimmed, climbing higher to balance widening skirts.
1815 walking costume
1816 day dresses
Comtesse Vilain and her daughter wear their hair parted in the front center with tight ringlets over each ear; back hair is brushed back into a bun. 1816.
Countess Thekla Ludolf wears a red dress over a white chemise. 1816.
1817 dancing illustration, showing the beginning of the trend towards a conical silhouette.
1817 walking costume is heavily trimmed and tasseled.
1818 gown
Mary Lodge wears the new fashion for rich color. Her crimson gown with frills at neck and sleeves is worn with an ivory shawl with a wide paisley-patterned border, 1818.
1818 gown
1819 gown, with ornamentation near the hem.
"Morning dress" (for staying inside the house during the mornings and early afternoons), 1819.
Caricature
"Monstrosities of 1818", a satire by George Cruikshank of the female trend towards a conical silhouette, and male high cravats and dandyism.
"A peep at the French Monstrosities", a French fashion satire by George Cruikshank.
Russian fashion
Spanish fashion
British fashion
German fashion
French fashion
Men's fashion
Overview
This period saw the final abandonment of lace, embroidery, and other embellishments from serious men's clothing outside of formalized court dress—it would not reappear except as an affectation of Aesthetic dress in the 1880s and its successor, the "Young Edwardian" look of the 1960s. Instead, cut and tailoring became much more important as an indicator of quality. This transformation can be attributed in part to an increased interest in antiquity stemming from the discovery of classical engravings, including the Elgin Marbles. The figures depicted in classical art were viewed as an exemplar of the ideal natural form, and an embodiment of Neoclassical ideas. The style in London for men became more and more refined and this was due to the influence of two things: the dandy and the romantic movement. The dandy (a man who placed high importance on personal aesthetics and hobbies but wanted to seem totally nonchalant about it) arguably emerged as early as the 1790s. Dark colors were all but mandatory. (Dark doesn't necessarily mean dreary though; many items, particularly vests and coats were cut from rich, vivid fabrics.) Blue tailcoats with gold buttons were everywhere. White muslin shirts (sometimes with ruffles on the neck/sleeves) were extremely popular. Breeches were officially on their way out, with pants/trousers taking their place. Fabrics in general were becoming more practical silk and more wool, cotton, and buckskin. Therefore, in the 18th century, the dress was simplified and greater emphasis was put on tailoring to enhance the natural form of the body.
This was also the period of the rise of hair wax for styling men's hair, as well as mutton chops as a style of facial hair.
Breeches became longer—tightly fitted leather riding breeches reached almost to the boot tops—and were replaced by pantaloons or trousers for fashionable streetwear. The French Revolution is largely responsible for altering the standard male dress. During the revolution, clothing symbolized the division between the upper classes and the working-class revolutionaries. French rebels earned the nickname sans-culottes, or "the people without breeches," because of the loose floppy trousers they popularized.
Coats were cutaway in front with long skirts or tails behind, and had tall standing collars. Lapels were not as large as they had been in years before and often featured an M-shaped notch unique to the period.
Shirts were made of linen, had attached collars, and were worn with stocks or wrapped in a cravat tied in various fashions. Pleated frills at the cuffs and the front opening went out of fashion by the end of the period.
Waistcoats were high-waisted, and squared off at the bottom, but came in a broad variety of styles. They were often double-breasted, with wide lapels and stand collars. Around 1805 large lapels that overlapped those of the jacket began to fall out of fashion, as did the 18th-century tradition of wearing the coat unbuttoned, and gradually waistcoats became less visible. Shortly before this time waistcoats were commonly vertically striped but by 1810 plain white waistcoats were increasingly fashionable, as did horizontally striped waistcoats. High-collared waistcoats were fashionable until 1815, then collars were gradually lowered as the shawl collar came into use toward the end of this period.
Overcoats or greatcoats were fashionable, often with contrasting collars of fur or velvet. The garrick, sometimes called a coachman's coat, was a particularly popular style, and had between three and five short caplets attached to the collar.
Boots, typically Hessian boots with heart-shaped tops and tassels were a mainstay in men's footwear. After the Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon at Waterloo in 1815, Wellington boots, as they were known, became the rage; tops were knee-high in front and cut lower in back. The jockey boot, with a turned-down cuff of lighter colored leather, had previously been popular but continued to be worn for riding. Court shoes with elevated heels became popular with the introduction of trousers.
The rise of the dandy
The clothes-obsessed dandy first appeared in the 1790s, both in London and Paris. In the slang of the time, a dandy was differentiated from a fop in that the dandy's dress was more refined and sober. The dandy prided himself in "natural excellence" and tailoring allowed for exaggeration of the natural figure beneath fashionable outerwear.
In High Society: A Social History of the Regency Period, 1788–1830, Venetia Murray writes:
Beau Brummell set the fashion for dandyism in British society from the mid-1790s, which was characterized by immaculate personal cleanliness, immaculate linen shirts with high collars, perfectly tied cravats, and exquisitely tailored plain dark coats (contrasting in many respects with the "maccaroni" of the earlier 18th century).
Brummell abandoned his wig and cut his hair short in a Roman fashion dubbed à la Brutus, echoing the fashion for all things classical seen in women's wear of this period. He also led the move from breeches to snugly tailored pantaloons or trousers, often light-colored for day and dark for the evening, based on working-class clothing adopted by all classes in France in the wake of the Revolution. In fact, Brummel's reputation for taste and refinement was such that, fifty years after his death, Max Beerbohm, wrote:
Not every male aspiring to attain Brummel's sense of elegance and style succeeded, however, and these dandies were subject to caricature and ridicule. Venetia Murray quotes an excerpt from Diary of an Exquisite, from The Hermit in London, 1819:
Hairstyles and headgear
The French Revolution (1789-1799) in France and the Pitt's hair powder tax in 1795 in Britain effectively ended the fashion for both wigs and powder in these countries and younger men of fashion in both countries began to wear their own unpowdered hair without a queue in short curls, often with long sideburns. The new styles like the Brutus ("à la Titus") and the Bedford Crop became fashionable and subsequently spread also in other European and European-influenced countries including the United States.
Many notable men during this period, especially younger ones, followed this new fashion trend of short unpowdered hairstyles, e.g. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), initially wearing long hair tied in a queue, changed his hairstyle and cut his hair short while in Egypt in 1798. Likewise the future U.S. President John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) who had worn a powdered wig and long hair tied in a queue in his youth, abandoned this fashion during this period while serving as the U.S. Minister to Russia (1809-1814) and later became the first president to adopt a short haircut instead of long hair tied in a queue. Older men, military officers, and those in conservative professions such as lawyers, judges, physicians, and servants retained their wigs and powder. Formal court dress of European monarchies also still required a powdered wig or long powdered hair tied in a queue until the accession of Napoleon to the throne as emperor (1804-1814).
Tricorne and bicorne hats were still worn, but the most fashionable hat was tall and slightly conical; this would soon, however, be displaced by the top hat and reign as the only hat for formal occasions for the next century.
Style gallery 1795–1809
Portrait of boxer "Jem" Belcher wearing a patterned cravat and a double-breasted brown coat with a dark (fur or velvet?) collar, c. 1800.
Watercolor of Beau Brummell by Richard Dighton.
In this self-portrait of 1805, Washington Allston wears a tan cravat with his high white collar and dark coat. Boston.
Rubens Peale wears a white waistcoat with a tall upright notched collar over his high shirt collar and wide cravat. America, 1807.
Friedrich von Schiller wears a brown double-breasted coat with a contrasting collar and brass buttons. The pleated frill of his shirt front can be seen next to the knot of his white cravat, Germany, 1808–09.
Chateaubriand has fashionably tousled hair. He wears a long redingote over his coat, tan waistcoat, white shirt, and dark cravat, 1808.
Count Victor Kochubey's collar reaches his chin, and his cravat is wrapped around his neck and tied in a small bow. His short hair is casually dressed and falls over his forehead, 1809.
Portrait of Gwyllym Lloyd Wardle depicts him in a dark coat over a tan waistcoat and high collar and cravat, 1809.
Elaborate embroidery remained a feature of formal court suits like this one, which pairs a red wool coat with a cloth-of-silver waistcoat, both embroidered in silver thread. Italy, c. 1800–1810. Los Angeles County Museum of Art, M.80.60a-b.
Portrait of Danish adventurer Jørgen Jørgensen shows how Scandinavian society has viewed men's fashion in the Age of Revolution.
Style gallery 1810–1820
Les Modernes Incroyables, a satire on French fashions of 1810; long tight breeches or pantaloons, short coats with tails, and massive cravats.
Marcotte d'Argenteuil wears a high-collared shirt with a dark cravat, a buff waistcoat, a double-breasted brown coat with covered buttons, and a dark gray overcoat with contrasting collar (perhaps sealskin). 1810. His bicorne hat lies on the table.
Daniel la Motte, a Baltimore, Maryland, merchant and landowner, strikes a romantic pose that displays details of his white waistcoat, frilled shirt, and fall-front breeches with covered buttons at the knee, 1812–13.
German physician Johann Abraham Albers wears a striped waistcoat under a black double-breasted coat, 1813.
American artist Samuel Lovett Waldo wears a frilled shirt with a knotted white cravat.
Lord Grantham wears a double-breasted coat which shows a bit of the waistcoat beneath at the waist, tight pantaloons tucked into boots, and a high collar and cravat, 1816.
Nicolas-Pierre Tiolier wears a rich blue tailcoat and brown fall-front trousers over a white waistcoat, shirt, and cravat. His tall hat sits on an antique plinth, 1817.
Unknown artist wears a double-breasted tailcoat with turned-back cuffs and a matching high collar of velvet (or possibly fur). Note that, while the man's obvious wasp-like torso is not overly emphasized in a caricature-like fashion, as was often the case in male fashion plates of the day, there is a definite and deliberate nipping of the waist. It is highly likely that the sitter in this portrait wore some sort of tight-laced corset or similar undergarment. The coat-sleeves are puffed at the shoulder. He wears a white waistcoat, shirt, and cravat, and light-colored pantaloons, 1819.
Children's fashion
Both boys and girls wore dresses until they were about four or five years old, when boys were "breeched", or put into trousers.
Revival of Directoire/Empire/Regency fashions
During the first half of the Victorian era, there was a more or less negative view of women's styles of the 1795–1820 period. Some people would have felt slightly uncomfortable to be reminded that their mothers or grandmothers had once promenaded about in such styles (which could be considered indecent according to Victorian norms), and many would have found it somewhat difficult to really empathize with (or take seriously) the struggles of a heroine of art or literature if they were being constantly reminded that she was wearing such clothes. For such reasons, some Victorian history paintings of the Napoleonic wars intentionally avoided depicting accurate women's styles (see example below), Thackeray's illustrations to his book Vanity Fair depicted the women of the 1810s wearing 1840s fashions, and in Charlotte Brontë's 1849 novel Shirley (set in 1811–1812) neo-Grecian fashions are anachronistically relocated to an earlier generation.
Later in the Victorian period, the Regency seemed to retreat to an unthreateningly remote historical distance, and Kate Greenaway and the Artistic Dress movement selectively revived elements of early 19th century fashions. During the late Victorian and Edwardian periods, many genre paintings, sentimental valentines, etc. contained loose depictions of 1795–1820 styles (then considered to be quaint relics of a bygone era). In the late 1960s / early 1970s, there was a limited fashion revival of the Empire silhouette.
In recent years, 1795–1820 fashions are most strongly associated with Jane Austen's writings, due to the various movie adaptations of her novels. There are also some Regency fashion urban myths, such as that women dampened their gowns to make them appear even more diaphanous (something which was certainly not practiced by the vast majority of women of the period).
An 1857 cartoon making fun of the contemporary distaste for early 19th century clothes.
"Before Waterloo" by Henry Nelson O'Neil (1868), a mid-Victorian painting which deliberately does not show accurate women's styles of 1815.
"Two Strings to her Bow" by John Pettie (1882), a later Victorian genre painting which uses the Regency period for nostalgia value.
May Day by Kate Greenaway.
See also
Almack's
Beau Brummel
Corset controversy
Dandy
History of fashion
Lady Caroline Lamb
Regency dance
Season (society)
White's
Footnotes
Further reading
A Lady of Distinction: The Mirror of Graces, R.L. Shep, 1997.
Ashelford, Jane: The Art of Dress: Clothing and Society 1500–1914, Abrams, 1996.
Austen, Jane: My Dear Cassandra: The Illustrated Letters, Selected and Introduced by Penelope Hughes-Hallett, Collins & Brown, 1990.
Baumgarten, Linda: What Clothes Reveal: The Language of Clothing in Colonial and Federal America, Yale University Press, 2002.
Black, J. Anderson and Madge Garland: A History of Fashion, Morrow, 1975.
Bourhis, Katell le: The Age of Napoleon: Costume from Revolution to Empire, 1789–1815, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1989.
Campbell, Cynthia: The Most Polished Gentleman: George IV and the Women in His Life, A Kudos Book, 1995.
de Marly, Diana: Working Dress: A History of Occupational Clothing, Batsford (UK), 1986; Holmes & Meier (US), 1987.
Freund, Amy. "The Citoyenne Tallien: Women, Politics, and Portraiture during the French Revolution," Art Bulletin, vol. 93 no. 3 (2011), 325–344.
Hughes, Kristine: Everyday Life in Regency and Victorian England: From 1811–1901, Writer's Digest Books, 1998.
Lubrich, Naomi: The Little White Dress: Politics and Polyvalence in Revolutionary France in: Fashion Theory. The Journal of Dress, Body and Culture, 19:5, 2015
Murray, Venetia: High Society: A social History of the Regency Period, 1788–1830, Viking, 1998.
Payne, Blanche: History of Costume from the Ancient Egyptians to the Twentieth Century, Harper & Row, 1965. No ISBN for this edition; ASIN B0006BMNFS
Rothstein, Natalie (editor): A Lady of Fashion: Barbara Johnson's Album of Styles and Fabrics, Norton, 1987,
Simond, Louis: An American in Regency England, Pergamon Press, 1968.
Tozer, Jane and Sarah Levitt, Fabric of Society: A Century of People and their Clothes 1770–1870, Laura Ashley Press,
18th-century fashion
19th-century fashion
History of clothing (Western fashion)
1790s fashion
1800s fashion
1810s fashion
Fashion
Regency era
Fashion1795
Fashion1795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1795%E2%80%931820%20in%20Western%20fashion |
This is a list of television series and films produced as part of the dock nation Digimon franchise created by Bandai. The franchise revolves around monsters of various poker on forms living in a "Digital World", a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks.
Series overview
List of episodes
Season 1: Digimon Adventure (1999–2000)
Season 2: Digimon Adventure 02 (2000–01)
Season 3: Digimon Tamers (2001–02)
Season 4: Digimon Frontier (2002–03)
Season 5: Digimon Data Squad (Digimon Savers) (2006–07)
Season 6: Digimon Fusion (Digimon Xros Wars) (2010–12)
Season 7: Digimon Universe: App Monsters (2016–17)
Season 8: Digimon Adventure: (2020–21)
Season 9: Digimon Ghost Game (2021–23)
Movies
To date, a total of nineteen films have been released based on the franchise.
OVA
Digimon Adventure 20th Memorial Story
Notes
References
Episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Digimon%20episodes%20and%20films |
Hasköy may refer to the following places in Turkey:
Hasköy, Istanbul, a quarter or neighborhood of the district of Beyoğlu in Istanbul
Hasköy, Ardahan, a village in the district of Ardahan, Ardahan Province
Hasköy, Çınar
Hasköy, Enez
Hasköy, Havsa
Hasköy, Kahta, a village in the district of Kahta, Adıyaman Province
Hasköy, Muş, a town and district of Muş Province
Hasköy, Nazilli, a village in the district of Nazilli, Aydın Province
Hasköy, Sarayköy
Hasköy is also the Turkish name for Haskovo, when Bulgaria was under Ottoman rule | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hask%C3%B6y |
A pattress or pattress box or fitting box (in the United States and Canada, electrical wall switch box, electrical wall outlet box, electrical ceiling box, switch box, outlet box, electrical box, etc.) is the container for the space behind electrical fittings such as power outlet sockets, light switches, or fixed light fixtures. Pattresses may be designed for either surface mounting (with cabling running along the wall surface) or for embedding in the wall or skirting board. Some electricians use the term "pattress box" to describe a surface-mounted box, although simply the term "pattress" suffices. The term "flush box" is used for a mounting box that goes inside the wall, although some use the term "wall box". Boxes for installation within timber/plasterboard walls are usually called "cavity boxes" or "plasterboard boxes". A ceiling-mounted pattress (most often used for light fixtures) is referred to as a "ceiling pattress" or "ceiling box". British English speakers also tend to say "pattress box" instead of just "pattress". Pattress is alternatively spelt "patress" and Wiktionary lists both spellings. The word "pattress", despite being attested from the late 19th century, is still rarely found in dictionaries. It is etymologically derived from pateras (Latin for bowls, saucers). The term is not used by electricians in the United States.
Pattresses
Pattresses contain devices for input (switches) and output (sockets and fixtures), with transfer managed by junction boxes. A pattress may be made of metal or plastic. In the United Kingdom, surface-mounted boxes in particular are often made from urea-formaldehyde resin or alternatively PVC and usually white. Wall boxes are commonly made of thin galvanised metal. A pattress box is made to standard dimensions and may contain embedded bushings (in standard positions) for the attachment of wiring devices (switches and sockets). Internal pattress boxes themselves do not include the corresponding faceplates, since the devices to be contained in the box specify the required faceplate. External pattress boxes may offer include corresponding faceplates, limiting the devices to be contained in the box.
Although cables may be joined inside pattress boxes, due simply to their presence at convenient points in the wiring, their main purpose is to accommodate switches and sockets. They allow switches and sockets to be recessed into the wall for a better appearance. Enclosures primarily for joining wires are called junction boxes.
New work boxes
New work boxes are designed to be installed in a new installation. They are typically designed with nail or screw holes to attach directly to wall studs.
Old work boxes
Old work boxes are designed to attach to already-installed wall material (usually drywall). The boxes will almost always have two or more parsellas (from Latin: "small wing or part). The parsellas flip out when the box screws are screwed, securing the box to the wall with the help of the four or more tabs on the front of the box.
Alternative systems
In some countries, for instance in Germany, wall boxes for electrical fittings generally are not actual rectangular boxes at all but standard-sized round recessed containers. This has the advantage that the corresponding round holes can be simply drilled out with a hole saw rather than needing the cutting-out of a rectangular cavity to accommodate the wall box. Even with those round-hole systems, the faceplates that cover them are mostly rectangular however.
Image gallery
See also
Wall anchor plates are also known as pattress plates.
Junction box, an enclosure housing electrical connections
Electrical wiring in the United Kingdom
Electrical wiring in North America
References
External links
DIY Wiki Pattress page – more information on (British) pattresses and terminology
Cables
Electrical wiring | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattress |
Rabiah ibn Kab was a companion of Muhammad.
Biography
He was a poor man from the tribe of Banu Aslam and he converted to Islam at an early age, requesting of his own accord to be a servant of Muhammad so as to be in his company as much as possible. He resided in Suffah of the mosque with other poor Muslims, who were called the "guests of Islam" and received charity from Muhammad.
Muhammad arrived in Madina on Friday, 12th of Rabiul Awwal, 1AH. The first task upon his arrival was the construction of Muhammad’s mosque- at the site of the camel’s kneeling. The site belonged to two orphan boys- it was previously a graveyard of the polytheists. The Muslims began the construction of the Mosque (Masjidun Nabi). The mosque contained Muhammad's house. It also had a place for the Muslims who had neither family nor home (As-Sufa). Rabi’ah Ibn Ka’b Al Aslami was amongst the companions who lived in As-Sufa.
Rabi’ah Ibn Ka’b Al Aslami was a young, poor companion who lived in Suffa (part of the Masjid in Madina reserved for the poor homeless companions). He devoted himself to the service of Muhammad. He used to pour the water for Muhammad's wudu and do other services. He was so eager to serve Muhammad that he would sleep by the front door of his house so if Muhammad called him, he could rush to his service immediately. Once Muhammad called him and Rabi’ah replied with “Labaik Ya Rasool Allah wa Sa’daik”. Muhammad wished to reward and repay Rabi’ah for his services and asked him what he would like. Rabi’ah asked for some time to think over what he wanted. As he was poor, he thought of asking for wealth but then changed his mind. When Muhammad asked him what he wanted the second time, Rabi’ah said “Murafaqatuka fil Jannah Ya Rasool Allah” (I want your companionship in Paradise of Messenger of Allah). Muhammad asked him if he wanted anything else but Rabi’ah said no, that is all he wished for so Muhammad told him to help himself by increasing in prostration. Rabi’ah was always seen in prostration after that.
Muhammad arranged his marriage to a good family and gave him land next to Abu Bakr’s land. Once, Rabi’ah and Abu Bakr got into an argument over a palm tree in their lands. Abu Bakr, in the heat of the argument, swore at Rabi’ah and felt immediate regret. He told Rabi’ah to say the swear word back to him as an act of retaliation but Rabi’ah refused. Abu Bakr demanded Rabi’ah swears at him with the same word but Rabi’ah still refused so Abu Bakr got angry and said he would go and complain to Muhammad. Rabi’ah’s people from Banu Aslam came to Rabi’ah’s defence and were shocked by Abu Bakr’s actions that he swears and then he goes to complain to Muhammad. Rabi’ah told them to go away and that if Abu Bakr sees them, he might get angry and as a result, Muhammad would get angry and therefore Allah would get angry and thus Rabi’ah would be destroyed. Rabi’ah followed Abu Bakr and arrived at Muhammad’s location. Muhammad asked Rabi’ah what the matter was. Rabi’ah said that Abu Bakr swore at him and wanted him to swear back to make it even but he refused. Muhammad said he did well and guided him to say to Abu Bakr “Ghafar Allahu Lak” (May Allah forgive you) instead. Abu Bakr began to cry. Muhammad ruled the palm tree belonged to Rabi’ah Ibn Ka’b.
Companions of the Prophet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabiah%20ibn%20Kab |
East Hampshire is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2010 by Damian Hinds of the Conservative Party.
History
The seat was created in 1983 chiefly to replace the Petersfield constituency.
The first MP was (by election) Michael Mates, who held it from 1983 until the calling of the 2010 election when he retired.
Boundaries and profile
1983–1997: The District of East Hampshire wards of Binsted, Bramshott and Liphook, Clanfield and Buriton, East Meon and Langrish, Froyle and Bentley, Froxfield and Steep, Grayshott, Headley, Horndean Catherington, Horndean Hazleton, Horndean Kings, Horndean Murray, Liss, Petersfield Heath, Petersfield St Mary's, Petersfield St Peter's, Rowlands Castle, Selborne, The Hangers, Whitehill Bordon and Whitehill, and Whitehill Lindford, and the District of Hart wards of Church Crookham, Crondall, Fleet Courtmoor, Fleet Pondtail, Fleet West, Hook, Long Sutton, and Odiham.
1997–2010: The District of East Hampshire wards of Alton Holybourne, Alton North East, Alton North West, Alton South East, Alton South West and Beech, Clanfield and Buriton, East Meon and Langrish, Farringdon, Four Marks, Froxfield and Steep, Horndean Catherington, Horndean Hazleton, Horndean Kings, Horndean Murray, Liss, Medstead, North Downland, Petersfield Heath, Petersfield St Mary's, Petersfield St Peter's, Ropley and West Tisted, Rowlands Castle, and The Hangers, and the Borough of Havant wards of Cowplain, Hart Plain, and Waterloo.
2010–present: The District of East Hampshire wards of Alton Amery, Alton Ashdell, Alton Eastbrooke, Alton Westbrooke, Alton Whitedown, Alton Wooteys, Binstead and Bentley, Bramshott and Liphook, Downland, East Meon, Four Marks and Medstead, Froxfield and Steep, Grayshott, Headley, Holybourne and Froyle, Lindford, Liss, Petersfield Bell Hill, Petersfield Causeway, Petersfield Heath, Petersfield Rother, Petersfield St Mary's, Petersfield St Peter's, Ropley and Tisted, Selborne, The Hangers and Forest, Whitehill Chase, Whitehill Deadwater, Whitehill Hogmoor, Whitehill Pinewood, and Whitehill Walldown.
The boundaries resemble the East Hampshire district, shifted somewhat north. The south of the seat has many farm, tourist and outdoor leisure businesses in the South Downs National Park. Results present a Conservative safe seat by length of tenure and size of majorities. On national opinion-poll adjusted results, Hinds achieved the 28th-highest vote share for the party in 2017. The Liberal Democrats or its predecessor the Liberals have finished second in the elections, bar:
2015, where this was the UKIP candidate,
2017 where this was the Labour candidate.
Members of Parliament
Elections
Elections in the 2010s
Elections in the 2000s
Elections in the 1990s
Elections in the 1980s
See also
List of parliamentary constituencies in Hampshire
Notes
References
Parliamentary constituencies in Hampshire
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1983
East Hampshire District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Hampshire%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29 |
Igors Kazanovs (; born September 24, 1963) is a former hurdler. Born in Daugavpils, he represented the Soviet Union and later Latvia. He was a soldier in the Soviet army. In the 110 metres hurdles, he finished fifth in the 1987 World Championship final and sixth in the 1993 World Championship final, having run his personal best of 13.26 seconds in the semifinals. In the 60 metres hurdles, he won four European Indoor gold medals and was a two-time medallist at the World Indoor Championships. He also competed at two Olympic Games.
He has a wife and two daughters.
Competition record
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Daugavpils
Soviet male hurdlers
Latvian male hurdlers
Olympic male hurdlers
Olympic athletes for Latvia
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Competitors at the 1986 Goodwill Games
Competitors at the 1990 Goodwill Games
Competitors at the 1994 Goodwill Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for the Soviet Union
World Athletics Championships athletes for Latvia
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
European Athletics Indoor Championships winners
Russian Athletics Championships winners
Competitors at the 1984 Friendship Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igors%20Kazanovs |
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