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The Penn Relays (also Penn Relays Carnival) is the oldest and largest track and field competition in the United States, hosted annually since April 21, 1895 by the University of Pennsylvania at Franklin Field in Philadelphia. In 2012, there were 116 events run at the meet. More athletes run in the Penn Relays than at any other track and field meet in the world. It regularly attracts more than 15,000 participants from high schools, colleges, and track clubs throughout North America and abroad, notably Jamaica, competing in more than 300 events over five days. Historically, the event has been credited with popularizing the running of relay races. It is held during the last full week in April, ending on the last Saturday in April. Attendance typically tops 100,000 over the final three days, and has been known to surpass 50,000 on Saturday. The Penn Relays also holds a Catholic Youth Organization night for Catholic Middle Schools in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia. Preliminaries are run on the Tuesday during Carnival Week, and the Finals are run on Friday.
History
When the University of Pennsylvania Track and Field committee wanted to add more excitement to their 1893 spring handicapped meet, they came up with the idea of running a relay race at the meet. The team would consist of four men all running a quarter of a mile one after the other. Today this relay race is known as the 4 × 400 m relay. The sport of relay running was only two years old at the time of the first Penn Relays. During the 1893 spring handicapped track meet, the University of Pennsylvania and Princeton University men ran a relay race against each other. The Princeton men won with a time of 3:34, beating the University of Pennsylvania (Penn) by 8 yards.
In 1894, Penn hosted the track and field meet at the university athletic grounds at 37th and Spruce Streets on April 21, 1894.
The Penn Relays affected the history of the sport of relay racing and helped it become as popular as it is today.
The first Penn Relay Carnival
The first Penn Relay Carnival, held on April 21, 1895, at Franklin Field, was a success. Approximately 5,000 people attended the meet. Nine relay races were run and only two teams were in each race, four of which were high school and prep school races. Another four were college races and one championship college race. The only relay run at that time was the 4 x 400-yard relay or the mile relay. The first team to win a Penn Relays championship was Harvard University, defeating the University of Pennsylvania with a time of 3:34. Other colleges that competed in the meet were Cornell, Columbia, Lafayette, Lehigh, Rutgers, Swarthmore, City College of New York and New York University.
Growth of the meet
The number of entries from the first Penn Relay Carnival to the second Penn Relay Carnival quadrupled. Because of this, a time schedule of events had to be made to keep the meet organized. A rule was established that if a team was not on time to their race, the race would be run without them. In that same year a 5-mile relay was added to the meet which would later become the 4-mile relay. The next year, in 1897, the 2-mile relay or the 4 × 800 m relay was added to the meet. In 1898, The University of Chicago became the first midwestern team to attend the carnival. In the two years after that, the following events were added to the meet: 100-yard dash, 220-yard dash, 120-yard hurdles, high jump, pole vault, long jump, shot put and hammer throw.
The Term "Carnival" was put into the name of the meet in 1910 because of the carnival-like atmosphere created by the carnival-like tent camp at the meet. Also in 1910, the Intercollegiate Association of Amateur Athletes of America created The Relay Racing Code. The Code created a 20-foot area in front of the starting line in which a touch-off between legs or runners of the relay could be made. This rule later became the rule for the exchange zone or the 20-meter zone (10 meters in front of the finish line, 10 meters behind the finish line) in which a baton can be passed from one leg of a relay to another. At that time there was no such thing as batons or exchange zones that are used in present-day relay racing; instead runners would stand on the starting line and wait for the runner before them to touch their hand. At the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm, exchange zones were used for the first time. In 1913 at the Penn Relay Carnival, the baton was used for the first time. Zones and batons made exchanges from one leg of the relay to the next much more efficient and eventually made relay times much faster.
At the 1911 Penn Relay Carnival, the college and high school championship events became known as the "Championship of America" races. Ten years later the NCAA hosted the first college championship meet, but before then the Penn Relays was thought to be the national championship meet. In 1914, Oxford University turned the Penn Relay Carnival into an international event, becoming the first team outside of the United States to compete. That year Oxford won the 4-mile relay. The 1915 Penn Relay Carnival took place over two days instead of one as in the years before. That same year the sprint medley relay (200m, 200m, 400m, 800m) and the distance medley relay (1200m, 400m, 800m, 1600m) were added to the meet.
At the 1926 Carnival the championship event of the shuttle hurdle relay was added to the Penn Relays events at the suggestion of Lord Burghley, the UK's Olympic hurdler. Around that same time, the loudspeaker was added to the stadium which helped inform the spectators of the events on the track. Before the loudspeaker, announcers used megaphones to inform spectators.
In an effort to gain more participants in the relays, six new lanes were added to the inside of the track. This renovation allowed for more athletes to compete in the spinning events. That same year the northwest corner of the stadium, previously used as the finishing chute, was now used for the paddock area, where athletes were lined up and organized before their race. In the 1950s the schedule of events was changed so that the more popular events were run on Saturday afternoon.
The Carnival continued to grow as the years went on. In 1956, the number of spectators reached over 35,000 people for the first time and 4,000 athletes competed. Then in 1958, 43,618 people attended the meet. In 1962 women competed for the first time in the 100-yard dash. Two years later the high school girls 440-yard relays was added to the carnival. That same year Jamaican high schools started to compete in the meet.
The Marathon was added to the Carnival in 1973. The next year, distance events were moved on the schedule of events to be run on Thursday night after the second day of the decathlon. Then in 1976, the events were converted into meters instead of yards except for the mile and the 4x120-yard shuttle hurdle relay. A year later, automatic timing was used for results instead of hand timing. The carnival turned into a three-day meet in 1978 because of the addition of more women's relays.
The Penn Relay Carnival did not only grow in the number of spectators, participants and events, it also started to grow financially. In 1988, the carnival used corporate sponsorship instead of just earning money from tickets sold at the door like it had in the years before. In the years that followed, the crowd and number of participants gradually increased and the carnival would become nationally and internationally more popular.
The 2010 Relays featured a "USA vs. The World" program, pitting American teams against elite runners including Usain Bolt, Shelly-Ann Fraser and Alfred Kirwa Yego. The event broke all previous attendance records with a single-day high of 54,310 and the total of 117,346 for the three-day festival.
The Penn Relays not only provides young runners a platform to shine, but they also give an opportunity for older runners to show that they still have talent. The Penn Relays Masters Race offers 4×100, 4×400 and 100M dash for men and women who are between the ages of 40 and 70 years old.
COVID outbreak
The 2020 and 2021 Penn Relays were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. According to news sources, these were the first times the event had been canceled since the event's inception on April 21, 1895.
Franklin Field
Franklin Field was opened in 1895 specifically for the first Penn Relay Carnival. In this same year, Franklin Field was the site of the nation's first scoreboard. According to the NCAA, Franklin Field is the oldest stadium that functions as both a football field and a track and field stadium.
In the fall of 1903, it became the first permanent college stadium in the country and the first stadium with a horseshoe design. The stadium was rebuilt in 1922 to its present-day form. The lower deck seating was made more stable and the upper deck seating was added to the stadium to allow for more spectators. After Franklin Field's renovations, it became the first two-tiered stadium. In 1967 the 10 lane synthetic track was added to replace the old overused cinder track.
Prizes
The plaque
The plaque was first given out at the 1925 Penn Relay Carnival. The design that is on the plaque and the medals was created by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie. The picture on the awards features the founder of the University of Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin, sitting in his library chair holding a laurel sprig in his left hand. Four nude runners stand facing him in a line all holding hands. The last runner in the line is holding the baton of the relay. Former University of Pennsylvania runners Larry Brown, Louis Madeira, George Orton and Ted Meredith posed as models for the design. The design is carved onto an 18" or 8" bronze plate and mounted on a wooden circle. Around the bronze picture, on the wooden part of the plaque, reads "Relay Carnival" above the design and "University of Pennsylvania" below the design. Also in Crash by Jerry Spinelli Penn relays are in it.
Other prizes by event
College championship relays
The winning team in the college "Championship of America" relays will receive an 18" bronze plaque. The individuals on the first place relay will receive gold watches. Individuals on the second place team will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third, fourth and fifth place relays will receive bronze medals.
College relays
The winning teams of the non-championship college relays will receive an 8" plaque. Individuals on the second place team will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third, fourth and fifth place relays will receive bronze medals. The prizes for the college relays are the same for the Military Academies races except the individuals on the first place teams will receive gold watches as well and the plaque.
College championship individual events
First place individuals receive gold watches. Second will receive silver medals. Third, fourth and fifth receive bronze medals.
College individual events
First place individuals receive gold medals instead of gold watches. Second will receive silver medals. Third, fourth and fifth receive bronze medals.
High school championship relays
The winning team in the high school "Championship of America" relays will receive an 18" bronze plaque. The individuals on the first place relay will receive gold watches. Individuals on the second place team will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third, fourth and fifth place relays will receive bronze medals. If a team from outside the United States wins one of these races, watches will also be given to the first American team in this race.
High school championship individual events
First place individuals receive gold watches. Second will receive silver medals. Third, fourth and fifth receive bronze medals. Just like in the high school championship relays, the first American individual will receive the gold watch.
Olympic development relays
The first place relay will receive an 8" bronze plaque. The plaque will go to the first national team whose members are all the same nationality or the first USAT&F registered club whose members are all members of the same club. The individuals on the first place relay will receive gold watches. Individuals on the second place team will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third, fourth and fifth place relays will receive bronze medals.
Olympic development individual events
First place individuals receive gold watches. Second will receive silver medals. Third, fourth and fifth receive bronze medals.
Masters, Special Olympics, and blind relays
The first place team will receive an 8" bronze plaque. Individuals on the winning relay will receive gold medals. Individuals on the second place relay will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third fourth and fifth place teams will receive bronze medals.
Masters, Special Olympics, and blind individual events
First place individuals receive gold medals. Second will receive silver medals. Third, fourth and fifth place receive bronze medals.
IC4A men's and ECAC women's relays
The winning teams of these relays will receive an 8" plaque. Individuals on the second place team will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third, fourth and fifth place relays will receive bronze medals. If the times of winners of these races are faster than that of the college championship races, they will receive gold watches.
High school Philadelphia, Tri-State, and consolation races
The first place team will receive an 8" bronze plaque. Individuals on the winning relay will receive gold medals. Individuals on the second place relay will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third, fourth, and fifth plea teams will receive bronze medals.
High school 4 × 400 m and 4 × 800 m and prep school 4 × 100 m and 4 × 400 m relays
The first place team will receive an 8" bronze plaque. Individuals on the winning relay will receive gold medals. Individuals on the second place relay will receive silver medals. Individuals on the third place teams will receive bronze medals.
Elementary school, junior high school, middle school, and parochial school relays
The first place team will receive an 8" bronze plaque. Individuals on the winning relay will receive gold medals. Individuals on the second place relay will receive silver medal Individuals on the third place teams will receive bronze medals.
In popular culture
Bayard Rustin was an African-American civil rights activist and the principal organizer of the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Rustin is one of two men who both ran at the Penn Relays and had a school named in his honor.
In the novel Crash by Jerry Spinelli, a boy is named "Penn" by his great-grandfather, who ran in the Penn Relays. In the end Penn gets to run in the Penn Relays.
World records
Over the course of its history, originally one world record was set at the Penn Relays (though it was revoked following doping results), although there have been additional world bests in non-IAAF recognized events such as the distance medley relay.
Meet records
Men
Women
Future dates
The Penn Relays is always held the last week in April and always begins the Thursday of that week. It went on hiatus in 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic, besides 1917–18 & 1942–45.
References
General
Penn Relays Records
Specific
External links
Annual events in Pennsylvania
Annual track and field meetings
April sporting events
College track and field competitions in the United States
High school track and field competitions in the United States
Penn Quakers
Sports in Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania
Track and field competitions in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn%20Relays |
Bezdan (; , , ) is a village located in Bačka, Vojvodina, Serbia. It is situated in the Sombor municipality, West Bačka District. The village has a Hungarian ethnic majority and its population numbers at 5,263 people (2002 census).
History
It was first mentioned in 1305 under the name of Battyan, while in 1341 it was mentioned as Betsan. The village was destroyed during an Ottoman invasion in the 16th century. With the establishment of Habsburg rule, the village was settled by Hungarians, Poles, Czechs and Germans. The first church in the village was built in 1755, and the current one was constructed in 1846.
Demographics
Historical population
1961: 6,813
1971: 6,427
1981: 6,085
1991: 5,472
2002: 5,263
2011: 4,623
Ethnic groups
The ethnic groups in the village as of 2002 census:
Hungarians = 2,983 (56.68%)
Serbs = 1,256 (23.87%)
Croats = 424 (8.06%)
Yugoslavs = 141 (2.68%)
others.
See also
List of places in Serbia
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
References
Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
External links
History of Bezdan
www.soinfo.org
Places in Bačka
Sombor
West Bačka District
Hungarian communities in Serbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezdan |
Nisanit () was the largest Israeli settlement in the northern tip of the Gaza Strip in a mini-settlement bloc including Elei Sinai and Dugit. While Nisanit was under the municipal authority of the Hof Aza Regional Council it was not physically in the Gush Katif bloc where the bulk of the 'Gush Katif' settlements were located.
History
The village was established as a Nahal military outpost in 1980 and demilitarized when turned over for civilian residential purposes in 1984 to 15 pioneer families. In 1993, its status was changed to 'urban community'. Nisanit also served as a satellite municipal branch of the regional council for the three northern Gaza Strip settlements. The name of the town is the Hebrew translation of the hawksbeard flower which is widespread in the area's sand dunes in spring.
Nisanit, which numbered about 300 families (around 900 people), was one of the few 'mixed' Gush Katif settlements with Orthodox and non-religious Jews living together.
Unilateral disengagement
Nisanit's residents were evicted on 21 August 2005 by Israeli Army and Israeli Police personnel as part of the unilateral disengagement plan. The houses were destroyed and the area was abandoned.
Drive to rebuild
On July 26, 2007, some 500 activists, including former residents, attempted to return to the ruins as a beginning to rebuilding the community. Police attempted to stop the march before it reached the Gaza border but did not succeed though several arrests were made. Organizers vowed to continue plans for a future return to Nisanit.
References
Populated places established in 1984
Former Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip
Nahal settlements
Villages depopulated during the Arab–Israeli conflict
1993 establishments in the Palestinian territories
2005 disestablishments in the Palestinian territories | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisanit |
Night Shade Books is an American, San Francisco–based imprint, formerly an independent publishing company, that specializes in science fiction, fantasy, and horror. Among its publications have been the U.S. edition of Iain M. Banks' novel The Algebraist, which was nominated for a Hugo Award, and Paolo Bacigalupi's novel The Windup Girl, which won several awards. The company was started in 1997 by Jason Williams, with Jeremy Lassen coming on board as a partner shortly after the company's founding. Night Shade won the 2003 World Fantasy Award (Non-Professional).
On July 9, 2010, the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) placed Night Shade Books on probation after it admitted to, and apologized to authors for, contractual irregularities. On November 30, 2011, SFWA lifted the probation based on good behavior during the probationary period. However, an investigation was reopened when further complaints were submitted to SFWA the following year. Once Night Shade Books indicated that it was possibly facing bankruptcy, SFWA subsequently delisted Night Shade Books as a qualifying market around April 2013. Two interested parties, Skyhorse Publishing and Start Publishing, offered to buy out the contracts and continue Night Shade Books as an imprint of their respective companies. On June 3, 2013, the final details of the corporate acquisition were announced.
As of 2017, Night Shade Book's main office and sales office are in New York, and its distribution is through Simon & Schuster.
References
External links
Official website
American speculative fiction publishers
Companies based in San Francisco
Science fiction publishers
Weird fiction publishers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20Shade%20Books |
Huang Fu () (8 March 1883 – 6 December 1936) was a general and politician in early Republic of China.
Biography
Huang studied at Zhejiang Military College and Qiushi Academy (current Zhejiang University), later was sent to Japan in 1904. Huang came in contact with the Tongmenghui while studying at the Tokyo Shinbu Gakko, a military academy in Tokyo in 1905 and met Chiang Kai-shek and Zhang Qun in 1907 when they arrived to study in Japan as well. In 1908, he studied surveying under the Imperial Japanese Army, and returned to China in 1910.
During the 1911 Xinhai Revolution, he and Chen Qimei declared Shanghai to be independent of the Empire of China, and became blood brothers with Chiang Kai-shek.
He was forced to flee abroad after the failed Second Revolution of 1913 against Yuan Shikai, travelling via Japan to the United States, and returned in 1916 to participate in the final stages of the National Protection War, and to represent Zhejiang's military government in Beijing. When Sun Yat-sen ordered Kuomintang members to swear personal loyalty to him, Huang objected and left politics.
Huang reappeared into public life by supporting China's entry into World War I hoping it would regain lost territories. He worked with President Xu Shichang as a diplomat, co-wrote books about economics and foreign affairs and would often guest lecturer at universities. He was part of China's delegation to the 1921 Washington Naval Conference which secured the Beiyang government's greatest diplomatic triumph, the return of Shandong.
After the fall of Cao Kun in the 1924 Beijing Coup, he joined the Zhili clique and became acting president of the Republic of China on the request of Feng Yuxiang. He declared Cao Kun's term illegal because it was obtained through bribery and also repudiated the agreement which allowed former Emperor Puyi to continue to live in the Forbidden City.
Huang was influential in winning over Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan to Chiang Kai-shek's faction of the Kuomintang (KMT) which was one of the major reasons why Wang Jingwei's Wuhan regime collapsed. He later served under several offices during the Nanjing decade including Shanghai mayor, foreign minister, and chairman of the North China Political Council. Despite his close ties to Chiang, he never rejoined the KMT as he did not want to be associated with the opportunists who joined during and after the Northern Expedition. In 1933, he signed the unpopular Tanggu Truce which ceded Chahar, Rehe, and part of Hebei to Manchukuo. Like Chiang, he viewed the Communists as a greater threat than the Japanese.
Huang died of lung cancer in Shanghai in 1936.
Notes
1883 births
1936 deaths
Zhejiang University alumni
Politicians from Shaoxing
Republic of China politicians from Zhejiang
Tongmenghui members
People of the 1911 Revolution
People of the Northern Expedition
Mayors of Shanghai
Foreign Ministers of the Republic of China
Presidents of the Republic of China
Premiers of the Republic of China
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in China
People from Shangyu
Generals from Zhejiang | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang%20Fu |
Comin' at Ya! is a Spanish-American 3D Western film, featuring Tony Anthony, Victoria Abril and Gene Quintano and directed by Ferdinando Baldi.
It was produced as a co-production between American company Filmways and The Lupo-Anthony-Quintano Company, an independent company. Released in 1981, the film effectively started the 3D film boom of the early 1980s. The same filmmakers returned in 1983 with Treasure of the Four Crowns.
Plot
H.H. Hart, a bank robber, loses his wife to kidnappers on their wedding day. Subsequently, she is traded as a prostitute by villain Pike Thompson. H.H. Hart races against time to find his wife, with the help of a Scottish preacher. The film features many 3D effects, many of which are intended to "fly off the screen" at the audience.
Cast
Tony Anthony as H.H. Hart
Gene Quintano as Pike Thompson
Victoria Abril as Abeline
Ricardo Palacios as Polk Thompson
Lewis Gordon as The Preacher
Development
Quintano and Lupo were Xerox salesmen who formed their own office supply firm who were interested in getting into filmmaking. They were partners in a publishing firm with Tony Anthony, a filmmaker who had made a number of spaghetti westerns. Looking for an angle they decided to make a film in 3-D, believing many younger film goers would not be familiar with it.
3-D had been a brief craze in the early 1950s with films such as Bwana Devil but quickly fell out of fashion. It was also a Western when those films were not very common.
Quintano and his partners worked for four years on the film, experimenting and testing the technology.
They decided to make a Western instead of a horror movie as they believed the market was over-saturated with horror. They managed to get a distribution deal but had to raise the funds themselves. It took them three months. (Some said the budget was $2.5 million other sources say $3.5 million.)
Shooting
Filming started in Spain in September 1980 and took three months. Post production was done in Rome.
Anthony admitted the film was not Citizen Kane in terms of quality. "You wouldn't make Citizen Kane' in 3-D", he said. "This is escapism. This is The Perils of Pauline. It's a laugh. It's enjoyment. It's putting the audience in the theater in the picture. At one point in the picture, I'm running toward the camera with all kinds of things, tomahawks, arrows, being thrown at me. I go off to the right and you – you in the audience – think the tomahawk is going to hit you. They called it a gimmick 25 years ago. It may still be a gimmick, but today it's a gimmick for a new generation. Let's give it a try."
Stereoscopic 3-D Process
Comin' at Ya was filmed in the over-and-under, single-strip 35 mm 3-D format. Two Techniscope-format frames, one for the left-eye image and one for the right-eye image, are stacked one above the other in the same area as one ordinary 'Scope-format frame. The resulting frames, though diminished in size, yielded a nominal aspect ratio of 2.39:1.
The lens system used was Optimax III (Bill Bukowski of Optimax III served as 3D Technical Advisor), notorious for introducing vertical parallax error owing to its flawed design (i.e., the optical axes of its twin lenses are not at the same horizontal level). The film's posters by turns heralded the 3-D process as SuperVision and WonderVision.
Projection required prismatic or "mirror box" converters in front of an ordinary spherical projection lens. These converters were meant to converge the stacked left and right pictures on the screen, at the same time cross-polarizing them to match the filters in the 3-D glasses worn by the audience.
Gene Quintano was a producer. He says he appeared in the film "mostly as a matter of economics. Tony is the star and he's very good but this is not an actor's film. I mean, Robert Redford is not going to be sweating it out. The real star is supposed to be the 3-D."
Filmways
The movie was acquired for US release at the American Film Market in early 1981 by Filmways. Filmways had just bought out American International Pictures and were in a state of flux at the time, having unloaded four major films, The Fan, Blade Runner, Halloween II and Ragtime. President Robert Meyers had once been in business with the film's sales representative and offered to buy the film for the US if it had no other offers. Although the film sold well internationally, getting the producers their money back, no other offers came through and so Meyers honored his promise. "We thought if we were lucky we might show the film in someone's basement every few years", said Quintano.
Release
The film was previewed in March 1981 in only two cities, Phoenix and Kansas City. Anthony and Quintano ordered only 90,000 pairs of the 3-D glasses needed to watch the film. The film did spectacular business, the film easily out grossing per cinema Filmways' other film at the time, Blow Out. By August the studio decided to expand the film to as many cinemas that could take 3-D.
"They can't make the glasses fast enough", said Anthony. "They've been selling them at an average of 40,000-per-theater. At 1 in the morning the other day I got a call that we'll be opening in 200 theaters between now and the 21st. This isn't a film – it's a military operation!"
The order for glasses was increased to five million pairs. Arthur Silverstein, sales manager of the Hudson Printing Company in Manhattan, said he had to put his employees on overtime to turn out the disposable polarized glasses. "They give a remarkable special effect", he said, "and I don't even have anything to do with the movie. In fact, it's a dynamite effect. It literally puts you in the action, and you do see things coming at you."
The film did not sustain its original business however.
Legacy
The film kicked off a spate of movies in 3D including Jaws 3-D, Amityville 3-D, Spacehunter: Adventures in the Forbidden Zone, Starchaser: The Legend of Orin, Abra Cadabra, Parasite, and Friday the 13th Part III.
Follow Up
Anthony said he wanted to make a sword and sorcery film as follow up Seeing is Believing. "I've got to be very careful about my decisions from here on in", he said. "If I make a mistake, it could take me 10 years to get back to this point." However Quintano wanted to make a Topkapi type film about people stealing an item on an island. This became Treasure of the Four Crowns.
DVD release
This film was released on DVD in the Anaglyph 3D process. The conversion procedure involved separating the over and under images and digitally combining them as red and cyan images layered over each other.
Reissue & Blu-ray 3D Release
In May 2009, a new restoration of the film was announced. In late January 2011 it was announced by Fangoria magazine that they would be sponsoring the film's premiere screening. The premiere screening of this newly restored version was held at the Berlin Film Festival on February 12, 2011.
In January 2016, for the movie's 35th anniversary, a remastered version supervised by the film’s producer and star Tony Anthony was released for home video in the Blu-ray 3D format, which includes new 5.1 surround sound.
Notes
References
External links
Tony Anthony interviewed on Zombie Popcorn
1981 films
Spaghetti Western films
1980s 3D films
Spanish Western (genre) films
American Western (genre) films
1981 Western (genre) films
Films directed by Ferdinando Baldi
Films shot in Almería
Films with screenplays by Gene Quintano
Films scored by Carlo Savina
English-language Italian films
English-language Spanish films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
1980s Italian films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comin%27%20at%20Ya%21 |
A Slave Bell is a bell that was rung to regulate the day on slave plantations and in slave societies. They were featured in slave plantations throughout the Americas and notably in the slavery systems in Cape Colony, present-day South Africa. The structures they were housed in, most often tall pillars and towers, became landmarks on the plantation and could be used to surveillance the enslaved workers. In some cases, these structures have become a symbolic feature of the architectural style of that region and the architecture of plantation slavery. In South Africa, the pillars of the slave bell is a distinctive feature of the Cape Dutch architectural style.
In a 1937 interview for WPA Slave Narrative project Charley Williams (b. 1843), who had lived and worked on a cotton and tobacco plantation in Louisiana where he was enslaved from birth (circa 1845) until 1865 with over 100 men, women and children, described the use of the bells and horns to control the lives and labour of the enslaved people: "... you can hear a old bell donging way on some plantation a mile or two off, and den more bells at other places and maybe a horn..." "Bells and horns! Bells for dis and horns for dat! All we knowed was go and come by de bells and horns!"
The slave bells were used by the enslaved to organise uprisings. In 1839 on Montalvo sugar plantation in the Matanzas Province, Cuba the plantation's slave bell at prayer time were used as a signal to attack the overseers and liberate themselves and others by fleeing into the woods.
Bells used to torture and punish
Bells were also used as a punishment and to prevent people from escaping. In his book A Narrative of the Adventures and Escape of Moses Roper, from American Slavery Moses Roper described the use of "iron horns, with bells, attached to the back of the slave's neck" several feet in height as an "instrument of torture".
Cape Colony
In the Dutch Cape Colony the slave bell had a distinctive architectural-style. It was usually a large bell hung from free-standing tall white pillars or in a white arch. After the abolition of slavery in the Cape they were continuously used during the apartheid regime in South Africa as an element of the Cape Dutch architectural style without recognition that they were symbols of oppression and suffering.
Notable slave bells
La Demajagua bell, Cuba
In Cuba, on 10 October 1868, the slave bell at the La Demajagua sugar mill, in Manzanillo, was rung by the mill's owner Carlos Manuel de Céspedes to called assemble the people he enslaved to tell them that they are free and to invite them to join the fight for independence from Spain. This act is seen as the start of the Ten Years War.
In 1947 the Demajagua bell was brought to the University of Havana by law student Fidel Castro and other anti-government demonstrators. When the bell was removed by the government, Castro protested against it on national radio, making his name widely known in Cuba for the first time. The bell was returned to Manzanillo in November 1947 and was re-installed at La Demajagua in 1968.
The Demerara Bell
A bell, known as the Demerara Bell, was donated to St. Catharine's College, Cambridge in 1960 or 1961 by a former student Edward Arthur Goodland, who worked at Bookers Sugar Estates in British Guiana. The bell was inscribed ‘De Catharina 1772’ was from the Anna Catharina plantation on the West Bank Demerara, was found in the Demerara River in the 1950s. The bell initially installed outside the porter's lodge at St. Catharine's before it was moved to an accommodation block in 1994 where it was in a prominent position overlooking the centre of the college. In May 2019 the governing body and students of St Catharine’s College unanimously agreed that the bell should be removed view and would eventually be donated to Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam. In August 2019 it was reported that the Guyanese High Commissioner Frederick Hamley Case had persuaded the college to return the bell to Guyana.
Manaca Iznaga Tower, Cuba
Iznaga Tower was the bell tower housing the slave bell of the Manaca sugar plantation in Valle de los Ingenios, in Trinidad, Cuba. It is an example of the bell towers that were a common feature on sugar plantations in Cuba, other notable examples are at Angerona and El Padre plantations located in present-day Cafetal del Padre in the Havana Province. Large Cuban plantations often had several bells that were rung to control the activities of the enslaved people including regulating prayer time, meal times and to warn other plantations of slave rebellions.
The 51m tower was built in 1848, it is constructed of stone and brick and has seven levels. In addition to housing the slave bells it was used as an observation tower from which the people enslaved on the plantation were surveilled.
In 1988, Valle de los Ingenios and neighbouring city Trinidad were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
References
Bells (percussion)
Slavery in Africa
Slavery in North America
Slavery in South America
Slavery in the Caribbean | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave%20bell |
Green Book or The Green Book may refer to:
Film
Green Book (film), a 2018 drama film, directed by Peter Farrelly
The Green Book: Guide to Freedom, a 2019 documentary by Yoruba Richen
Literature
Fiction
Green Book, the title of the main section in Arthur Machen's short story "The White People"
The Green Book, an off-Broadway play by Will Scheffer
The Green Book, a children's book by Jill Paton Walsh
Non-fiction
Green Book (CD-interactive standard)
Green Book (Tibetan document), a document issued by the Central Tibetan Administration to Tibetans living outside Tibet
Green Book, an 1800–1833 assembled ship's register of Lloyd's Register
A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, or The Green Book, a publication by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials on roadway and street engineering design
Green Books, the multi-volume Official History of the United States Army in World War II
Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry, also called the "IUPAC Green Book", a compilation of terms and symbols widely used in the field of physical chemistry
The Green Book (BBC) or BBC Variety Programmes Policy Guide For Writers and Producers
The Green Book (immunisation guidance, UK) United Kingdom guidance on vaccines and vaccination schedules.
The Green Book (IRA), an Irish Republican Army training manual
The Green Book (Muammar Gaddafi), a book setting out the political philosophy of Muammar Gaddafi
The Green Book, UK Treasury guidance on appraisal and evaluation of central government projects
The Green Book: A Guide to Members' Allowances, a publication of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
The Green Book Magazine, an American theater and women's interest magazine in the early 20th century
The Little Green Book, a collection of fatwa issued by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini
The Negro Motorist Green Book, a 1936–1966 segregation-era travel guide originally published by Victor H. Green
The Land and the Nation, known as The Green Book, a 1925 British Liberal Party publication; see
Other uses
The Green Book (album), a 2003 album by Twiztid
See also
Greenbook, a publication of the Federal Reserve Board with projections for the economy of the United States
Green Booklet, or Word list of the Dutch language
Green paper, a tentative government report of a proposal
The Green Fairy Book (1892), a book by Andrew Lang | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Book |
Marinship Corporation was a shipbuilding company of the United States during World War II, created to build the shipping required for the war effort. Founded in 1942, the shipyard built 93 cargo ships and oil tankers, before ending operations in 1945.
Wartime demand for more ships
In early 1942, the demands of World War II resulted in a requirement for greatly increased shipbuilding capacity.
To meet this demand, the US shipbuilder W.A. Bechtel Co. decided to build a shipyard at a former Northwestern Pacific Railroad repair yard situated at Richardson's Bay in Marin County, at the north end of Sausalito, California and just three miles (5 km) north of the Golden Gate Bridge. The site was chosen because the shoreline in the vicinity of the proposed shipyard was relatively uncluttered, unlike much of the rest of San Francisco Bay or other major Pacific ports. It had no official name while it was being built but was referred to as the "Marin Shipbuilding Division of W.A. Bechtel Company" and that lengthy title was shortened to Marin-Ship or what known today as "Marinship" with a street in Sausalito named Marinship Way.
Six ship launching ways were planned, but the old repair yard, purchased from Southern Pacific Railroad, and located at the base of Spring Street, was found to have inadequate space to accommodate this need. The loss of some ships in the Pacific by the Navy triggered the emergency need for even more ships by their customer the Maritime Commission. Using this as their legal reason, the new company took government war powers condemnation actions against local property owners, in order to add the additional land they needed to expand the shipyard.
With only two weeks notice, the many residents of Pine Point, a picturesque knoll located along the edge of the bay, were forcibly evicted by 28 March 1942. About 42 homes and buildings were removed. At least 12 homes avoided demolition by being rapidly moved elsewhere in Sausalito before the rest were razed and Pine Point was dynamited. Records show that an estimated of earth and rock were excavated from Pine Point, Waldo Point and nearby areas. The resulting fill was spread using heavy equipment across the shoreline and tidal mudflats to create new land on which the various buildings of the shipyard were rapidly constructed. Some of these buildings are still in use today, including the Industrial Center Building (ICB) at 480 Gate Five Road (originally the Yard Office and Mold Loft Building) and the Schoonmaker Building at 10 Libertyship Way (originally the General Shop).
Building the shipyard
To accomplish the rapid construction of the shipyard, 2,000 workers worked in shifts around the clock. Approximately 26,000 pilings were driven into the bay mud to create the shipways and to support the new warehouses and fabrication workshops. A wide by long deepwater ship channel was dredged in Richardson Bay to allow the newly launched vessels to reach the main portion of San Francisco Bay. Creating this channel required the removal of of bay mud.
In a related effort, the creation of Marin City, adjacent to the north end of the shipyard and just across Highway 1, was brought about by the need for the rapid construction of guest worker housing. Housing for 6,000 was created in Marin City, along with supporting schools, stores and churches. Workers eager to take advantage of the well-paying wartime jobs, flocked to the West Coast from all over the United States to work at the various shipyards, including Marinship.
Shipbuilding
After only three months from the onset of construction on the shipyard, the first ship keel was laid for the Liberty ship William A. Richardson on 27 June 1942.
Five Liberty ships had been launched from Marinship by the first anniversary of the declaration of war. The Liberty ship, designed as an "emergency" type cargo ship, was long and abeam. President Roosevelt nicknamed them his "ugly ducklings." After 15 Liberty ships were launched at Marinship, the shipyard was retooled to produce the larger T2-SE-A2 tankers, which were long, and abeam. On 16 June 1945, Marinship set a world record by constructing and delivering the tanker SS Huntington Hills in a mere 33 days, with 28 days on the way and 5 days of fitting out after launch. At its peak, 20,000 workers were employed at Marinship. In the 3½ years that Marinship was active, it launched 15 Liberty ships, 16 fleet oilers, and 62 tankers — a total of 93 ships.
The Marinship Shipyards were the site of incidents that provided a key early milestone in the civil rights movement. In 1944 in the case of James v. Marinship the California Supreme Court held that African Americans could not be excluded from jobs based on their race, even if the employer took no discriminatory actions. In the case of Joseph James, on whose behalf the suit was brought, the local Boilermakers Union excluded Blacks from membership and had a "closed shop" contract, forbidding the shipbuilder from employing anyone who was not a member of the union. African American workers could join an auxiliary of the union, which offered access to fewer jobs at lower pay. Future US Supreme Court justice Thurgood Marshall successfully argued the case, winning a ruling that the union be required to offer equal membership to African Americans. The matter was finally resolved by the Supreme Court in 1945, finding that it was “readily apparent that the membership offered to Negroes is discriminatory and unequal.” The Court extended the ruling to apply explicitly to all unions and all workers in California.
The end of the war
After the end of World War II the shipyards were decommissioned almost as rapidly as they had been built, taking with them almost all of the jobs that so many had moved to the Bay Area to take during the war. This especially impacted the African-American Community. Marinship closed in May 1946. As the War came to an end, black employment also decreased. In July 1945, 20,000 African-American Marinship workers were employed. By September 1945, that number was reduced to 12,000 and by Marinship’s closing, there were almost none. Due to unemployment, racial animosity, redlining, and covenants on title, many African Americans were barred from housing in adjacent white communities and settled in Marin City. With Blacks and other people of color being effectively barred from Sausalito, the Marinship area subsequently became home to an enlarged beatnik Sausalito houseboat community.
See also
Kaiser Shipyards
Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park
California during World War II
Maritime history of California
Sausalito Shipbuilding
Madden and Lewis Company
References
External links
Project Liberty ship
The T2-SE-A1 Type Tanker
ICB and Marinship History
Sausalito, California Official Site
A guide to the Marinship Corporation records, 1942-1945
Companies based in Marin County, California
Defunct companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United States
Manufacturing companies based in California
Sausalito, California
Shipyards in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinship |
Arcadia Machine & Tool, commonly abbreviated to AMT, was a firearms manufacturer from Irwindale, California. The company produced several weapons, primarily clones of existing firearms, but made from stainless steel rather than the standard steel used for most firearms of the time.
AMT was described by the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) as one of the "Ring of Fire companies", which were known for large-scale manufacture of Saturday night specials. The company filed for bankruptcy after their products were affected by quality and reliability problems, and the assets and trademark were acquired by Irwindale Arms Incorporated (IAI). Later, in 1998, Galena Industries of Sturgis, South Dakota, purchased the company and produced firearms in the style of AMT's until 2001 when Crusader Gun Company (later High Standard Manufacturing Company) of Houston, Texas purchased it.
Products
Pistols
Auto Mag
AMT Baby AutoMag
AMT AutoMag II
AMT AutoMag III
AMT AutoMag IV
AMT AutoMag V
AMT AutoMag 440
AMT Backup
AMT Hardballer
AMT On Duty
AMT Lightning pistol
Rifles
AMT Lightning 25/22
AMT Magnum Hunter
See also
Davis Industries
Jimenez Arms
Lorcin Engineering Company
Phoenix Arms
Raven Arms
Sundance Industries
References
External links
Automag Parts
A website about all of the AMT pistols
Defunct firearms manufacturers of the United States
Irwindale, California
Manufacturing companies established in 1977
1977 establishments in California
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Greater Los Angeles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadia%20Machine%20%26%20Tool |
Levens Hall is a manor house in the Kent valley, near the village of Levens and south of Kendal in Cumbria, Northern England.
History
The first house on the site was a pele tower built by the Redman family in around 1350. Much of the present building dates from the Elizabethan era, when the Bellingham family extended the house. The Bellinghams, who were responsible for the fine panelling and plasterwork in the main rooms, sold the house and estate in 1689 to Colonel James Grahme, or Graham, Keeper of the Privy Purse to King James II, who made a number of additions to the house in the late 17th century. His son Henry Graham was a knight of the shire for Westmorland.
Further additions were made in the early 19th century.
Levens is now owned by the Bagot family and is open to the public. The small collection of steam road vehicles includes several traction engines which are usually steamed on Sundays and Bank Holidays.
In October 2021, the building was one of 142 sites across England to receive part of a £35-million injection into the government's Culture Recovery Fund.
In the 1960s Levens Hall was reportedly haunted by a Grey Lady.
Gardens
Levens has a celebrated and large topiary garden, which was first created by the French gardener Guillaume Beaumont, the gardener of King James II and the designer of the grounds at Hampton Court. Beaumont also planned the tree planting in the deer park, now inhabited by black fallow deer and Bagot goats.
The park and gardens laid out by Beaumont between 1689 and 1712 have survived remarkably intact. They have been described as retaining "almost all of the essential elements of the completed scheme as shown on maps of the park and gardens of 1730". In December 2021 the gardens were featured in the BBC series Gardeners' World.
See also
Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria
Listed buildings in Levens, Cumbria
References
External links
Official Levens Hall website
Visit Cumbria site
Country houses in Cumbria
Gardens in Cumbria
Historic house museums in Cumbria
South Lakeland District
Peel towers in Cumbria
Buildings and structures completed in 1350
Houses completed in the 14th century
Towers completed in the 14th century
Grade I listed buildings in Cumbria
Steam museums in England
Tourist attractions in Cumbria
Grade I listed parks and gardens in Cumbria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levens%20Hall |
Séamus Aloysius Burke (sometimes spelt Bourke) (15 June 1893 – 10 June 1967) was an Irish barrister and Cumann na nGaedheal and later Fine Gael politician who was a Teachta Dála (TD) from 1918 to 1938, and served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance (1927–1932) and Minister for Local Government and Public Health (1924–1927).
Career
He was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1918 general election as a Sinn Féin TD for Tipperary Mid. He supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921 and went on to become a founder-member of Cumann na nGaedheal and later Fine Gael. Burke served in the governments of W. T. Cosgrave in the 1920s. He lost his seat at the 1938 general election and after unsuccessfully standing again as an independent at the 1943 general election, he retired from politics and moved to England. He was also a barrister.
Family
In 1929, Burke married the Russian, Zenaide Bashkiroff, and they had one daughter.
Arms
References
1893 births
1967 deaths
Cumann na nGaedheal TDs
Fine Gael TDs
Independent politicians in Ireland
Members of the 1st Dáil
Members of the 2nd Dáil
Members of the 3rd Dáil
Members of the 4th Dáil
Members of the 5th Dáil
Members of the 6th Dáil
Members of the 7th Dáil
Members of the 8th Dáil
Members of the 9th Dáil
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Tipperary constituencies (1801–1922)
UK MPs 1918–1922
Early Sinn Féin TDs
Parliamentary Secretaries of the 6th Dáil
Parliamentary Secretaries of the 5th Dáil
People of the Irish Civil War (Pro-Treaty side)
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Alumni of King's Inns
People educated at Clongowes Wood College | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9amus%20Burke |
Boutwell Memorial Auditorium is a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena located in Birmingham, Alabama. It was built in 1924 as Birmingham's Municipal Auditorium, on a site near City Hall, facing Capitol Park (now Linn Park).
The building was designed by Thomas W. Lamb, working with a committee of local architects. A later renovation added to the lobby and meeting room space in front of the brick facade, giving the street view of the auditorium a decidedly modernist marble, aluminum and glass look. The auditorium was renamed for Mayor Albert Boutwell. The auditorium remains the property of the city. It was home to the Birmingham Power basketball team.
Master plans for the future of the Birmingham Museum of Art, which adjoins Boutwell Auditorium, have included expanding onto its current site.
The interior of the facility includes seating in a horseshoe shape with a stage at the end opposite a balcony. The venue is multi-purpose and can be configured to suit athletic events, theatre and other events.
In 2022, the auditorium hosted muay thai, sumo wrestling, and kickboxing events as part of the 2022 World Games.
References
External links
Boutwell Auditorium official page — City of Birmingham, Alabama
Birmingham Wiki
1924 establishments in Alabama
World Games muaythai venues
Basketball venues in Alabama
Indoor arenas in Alabama
Sports venues in Birmingham, Alabama
Thomas W. Lamb buildings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boutwell%20Memorial%20Auditorium |
Thalayolaparambu is a town situated in Kottayam district in Kerala, India. Spanning over an area of 19.3 square kilometres with a population of 22,571 people, this mini-town is home to some of the well-known personalities such as the former Chief minister of Travancore-Cochin A. J. John, Anaparambil, the late Malayalam novelist/writer Vaikom Muhammed Basheer, the former Chief Justice of India K. G. Balakrishnan. Thalayolaparambu also hosts the major market established during the administration of Velu Thampi Dalawa, and is one of those few Keralite markets that still retains its old-world charm till date.
History
History of this region is related to Venad. Venattarachan gave a part of his kingdom to the minister of Chazhi Illam as a gift for killing the king of Vadakkumkoor. Those places which was written in the first 'Thaaliola' came to be known as Thalayoalaparambu. Another story says that this region is at the head area of Kuttanad and was known as 'Thalapparambu' and later it became Thalayolaparambu.
Economy
This town hosts the biggest market (Malayalam: ചന്ത ) of the locality which was founded by Velu Thampi Dalawa and now run by the Panchayat. This market opens twice in a week on Tuesdays and Saturdays. It attracts producers, consumers and businessmen from the nearby panchayats including Vaikom, Keezhoor and Kaduthuruthy. In olden times the products from the Kottayam Division High Range were sent to Kochi- Alappuzha markets through this market. Previously economy of this region was mainly concentrated on this market's activities.
Muvattupuzha river which passes through this region is an important factor for the economic activity of this region. In earlier times, large barges, much like country boats, transported goods from Alapuzha to Thalayolaparambu through the intricate networks of waterways. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people here.
Currently construction Industry is a main contributor to the economy of this region. River sand mining, manufacturing of cement bricks, clay bricks, concrete construction materials are all parts of this industry. Previously Sand mining industry was a major job provider in the area. New regulatory reforms in the industry has brought down the attractiveness of this industry. The growth of construction material industry has resulted in the growth of logistics sector as well, with exponential increase in the trucks in the locality transporting construction materials to neighboring districts.
A small portion of the population is in Persian Gulf countries. Remittances from them is also playing a big role in improving the economy. The Panchayat is setting up a Bus Terminal cum shopping mall of 75000sq.ft. of international standards in the heart of the town which will definitely explore new vistas of development.
Access to credit of the region has improved a lot from the past. Currently 6 banks including Federal Bank, South Indian Bank, State Bank of Travancore, State Bank of India, North Malabar Gramin Bank, and Canara Bank have branches at Thalayolaparambu. Canara Bank, South Indian Bank, State Bank of Travancore, and Federal Bank have its ATMs at Thalayolaparambu. UAE Xchange, KSFE, Manappuram Finance and Muthoot Group is also have its branches at Thalayolaparambu.
Culture
Temples, churches, mosques
The religious harmony of the place is evident as one can see the churches, temples and mosques situated close to each other. Thalayolaparambu is home for eight Hindu Temples, four Churches and two Mosques. These places hosts ancient and modern artworks. Tourists from all over the world are attracted to these places.
The four churches in Thalayolaparambu are St. George Church, St. Michael's Church, Infant Jesus Church and St. Antony's Church. St. George Church, Thalayolaparambu is an important Catholic church in Kerala. This church is situated beside the Kottayam – Ernakulam road at Pallikavala junction, Thalayolaparambu. The reconstructed church was inaugurated by Cardinal Joseph Parecattil on 31 December 1972 which was apparently the same day of the centenary remembrance of St. Thomas.
Among the temples in Thalayolaparambu Pundareekapuram temple is famous for its wall paintings. The walls of the sanctum sanctorum of the temple are covered with exquisite paintings which depict episodes from the Hindu myths and Puranas. The murals in this temple are some of the best in Kerala. It is situated in Midayikunnam. Sree Krishna temple, Sree Mathanam Bhagavathi temple, Sree Karthyayani Devi temple, Sree Elamkavu Devi temple, Thrikkarayikkulam Mahadeva temple, Pothy Mahavishnu temple, Pattupurackal Devi temple and Palamkadavu Sree Durga Devatha temple are also located in this area.
Another important cultural feature of this region is the annual festival (Attuvela) hosted by the Vadayar Ilamkavu temple. A procession is done through the Muvattupuzha river as part of the festival. The main attraction of the procession is the three storied artifact specially made in large barges for the event. These barges are part of the procession which held at night. All the boats will be decorated using electric lights. This festival attracts a lot of tourists including people from across the world.
Mohiyudheen masjid situated in the market is one of the important mosques in this locality. History of this mosque goes back to centuries. The pillars and the artwork inside the mosque reflects traditional Kerala architecture. The whole building reminds a traditional 'nalukettu'. Other mosques in this locality includes Vettikkattumukku Juma Masjid, Salafi Masjid, Sainudheen thangal thaikavu, and Palankadavu thaikavu. There are madrasas functioning in Thalayolaparambu, Palamkadavu and Vettikkattumukku. Vaikom Muhammed Basheer did his religious schooling in the madrasa at Palankadavu.
Literature
Thalayolaparambu has made prominent literary personalities. Legendary Malayalam writer Vaikom Mohmmed Basheer was born at Thalayolaparambu. Places in Thalayolaparambu forms an integral part of the novel Paaththummaayude aadu written by the same author.
Entertainment
There are two cinema theatres in Thalayolaparambu. Nice Movie House and Carnival Cinemas includes three A/C multiplexes with one big theatre and two mini theatres.
Notables
Vaikom Muhammad Basheer Malayalam Novelist
Justice K. G. Balakrishnan Former Chief Justice of India
A. J. John Former Chief Minister of Travancore-Cochin, Former Governor Madras
Healthcare
There are many hospitals in/near Thalayolaparambu including
The Government hospital
The Mercy Hospital in Pothy
Medical Laboratory Darsana Lab & ECG
Education
There are several high-schools and two colleges in Thalayolaparambu.
Colleges
Dewaswom Board College, Thalayolaparambu
Parallel Colleges
Universal College
Kairali College
Victory Institute of Education
Schools
Govt. U.P School, Thalayolaparambu
Govt. L.P.G.S, Thalayolaparambu
A.L.P.S, Midayikkunnam
A.J. John Memorial Girls Higher Secondary School
Government Vocational Higher Secondary School
St. George English Medium Higher Secondary School, Thalayolaparambu
Little flower L.P. School Pothy, Thalayolaparambu
Holy family U.P. School, Pothy, Thalayolaparambu
Govt.U.P.School, Elamkave
Mar Sleeba U.P.School, Vadayar
St. Louis L.P.School, Vadayar
Infant Jesus High School, Vadayar
Assisi Special School, Thalayolaparambu
Geography
This panchayat is 19.3 square kilometers in area. The borders of the region are covered by various panchyats. In the south Thalayazham, Kallara, Kaduthuruthy Panchayats forms the borders, while in north are Mulakulam, Velloor Panchayats. Mulakulam, Kaduthuruthy Panchayats forms the eastern part and Maravanthuruthu, Velloor and Udayanapuram Panchayats forms the western part of the region.
Demographics
The total population of Thalayolaparambu as per census 2001 is 22145. Out of this 10884 are male and 11261 are female. The literacy of this place is also encouraging. The literacy rate of the region is 95%. Scheduled castes and Scheduled Tribes forms 13% of the population.
References
External links
Thalayolaparambu in Wikimapia
Thalayolaparambu in Google Maps
Villages in Kottayam district | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalayolaparambu |
This is a partial list of extinct languages of South America, languages which have undergone language death, have no native speakers and no spoken descendant.
There are 176 languages listed.
Argentina
Abipón
Chané
Cacán
Het
All languages of the Charruan family, as Chaná and Güenoa
Henia-Camiare
Huarpe languages: Allentiac and Millcayac
Lule
Ona
Puelche
Tehuelche
Tonocoté
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Kakauhua
Chono
Selk'nam
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Skepi Creole Dutch
Peru
Southern Cone
Kunza (Argentina & Chile)
Yaghan (Argentina & Chile)
Venezuela
See also
Extinct languages of the Marañón River basin
List of unclassified languages of South America
List of indigenous languages of South America
South America
Languages of South America
Extinct languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20extinct%20languages%20of%20South%20America |
Cyclanthaceae is a family of flowering plants.
Taxonomy
Earlier systems, such as the Cronquist system and the Takhtajan system, placed it as the sole family in the order Cyclanthales. In the classification system of Dahlgren the Cyclanthaceae were the sole family of the order Cyclanthales in the superorder Cyclanthiflorae (also called Cyclanthanae).
The APG system (1998) and the APG II system (2003) assign it to the order Pandanales in the clade monocots.
The family occurs in the neotropics and consists of 12 genera with a total of ca 230 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016 ).
List of genera
Asplundia Harling
Carludovica Ruiz & Pav.
Chorigyne R.Erikss.
Cyclanthus Poit.
Dianthoveus Hammel & Wilder
Dicranopygium Harling
Evodianthus Oerst.
Ludovia Brongn.
Schultesiophytum Harling
Sphaeradenia Harling
Stelestylis Drude
Thoracocarpus Harling
Cultivation and uses
The family is probably best known for Carludovica palmata, the young leaves of which are made into Panama hats.
An unidentified species belonging to this family (possibly a Carludovica species) has been marketed as a houseplant in the United States under the name "Jungle Drum".
Carludovica divergens is added to some versions of the hallucinogenic drink Ayahuasca.
References
Bibliography
Cyclanthaceae in L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards), The families of flowering plants
NCBI Taxonomy Browser: Cyclanthaceae
CSDL, Texas: Cyclanthaceae
Monocot families
Taxa named by Pierre Antoine Poiteau | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclanthaceae |
The W. F. "Bill" Harris State Fair Arena (called Bill Harris Arena or Fair Park Arena) is a 5,000-seat multipurpose indoor arena located at the Birmingham CrossPlex (formerly Alabama State Fairgrounds). The arena is used primarily for basketball, but also hosts concerts and other events. The arena has previously served as the home of the Birmingham Magicians and the Birmingham Blitz of the American Basketball Association and the Alabama Outlawz of X-League Indoor Football. It is named in honor of Bill Harris, longtime athletics director for Birmingham City Schools. In 2022, it served as the venue for the artistic roller skating and inline hockey competitions at the 2022 World Games.
Professional teams
In 1985, the Puerto Rico Coquis of the Continental Basketball Association considered moving to Birmingham, but discussions with the Alabama State Fair Authority did not progress quickly enough to secure a commitment. The CBA did come to the Bill Harris Arena in 1991 when the Pensacola Tornados relocated to Birmingham as the Birmingham Bandits. The Bandits played for a year before moving again to Rochester, Minnesota.
The Birmingham Power of the National Women's Basketball League played home games at the arena and at Birmingham–Southern College's Bill Battle Coliseum during the 2001–02 season.
In 2005 the Magic City Court Kings of the World Basketball Association played home games at Bill Harris Arena and Miles College.
Other events
A February 2001 basketball game between Stillman College and Miles College was interrupted by repeated brawls between fans of the opposing teams. The game was ended by order of the Birmingham Police Department and the 2,000 fans sent away.
The Bill Harris Arena has hosted numerous basketball championships for the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference and the Southwestern Athletic Conference.
The arena currently hosts the monthly flea market at the fairgrounds, held on the first full weekend of each month.
References
Sports venues in Birmingham, Alabama
Indoor arenas in Alabama
American Basketball Association (2000–present) venues
1987 establishments in Alabama
Sports venues completed in 1987
Basketball venues in Alabama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Harris%20Arena |
The Khufu ship is an intact full-size solar barque from ancient Egypt. It was sealed into a pit alongside the Great Pyramid of pharaoh Khufu around 2500 BC, during the Fourth Dynasty of the ancient Egyptian Old Kingdom. Like other buried Ancient Egyptian ships, it was part of the extensive grave goods intended for use in the afterlife. The Khufu ship is one of the oldest, largest and best-preserved vessels from antiquity. It is long and wide, and is the world's oldest intact ship. It has been described as "a masterpiece of woodcraft" that could sail today if put into a lake or a river.
The ship was preserved in the Giza Solar boat museum, but was moved to the Grand Egyptian Museum in August 2021.
History
Function
The history and function of the ship is not precisely known. It is of the type known as a "solar barge", a ritual vessel believed by ancient Egyptians to carry the resurrected king across the heavens with the sun god Ra. However, it bears some signs of having been used in water, and it is possible that the ship was either a funerary "barge" used to carry the king's embalmed body from Memphis to Giza, or even that Khufu himself used it as a "pilgrimage ship" to visit holy places and that it was then buried for him to use in the afterlife. It contained no bodies, unlike northern European ship burials.
Discovery and description
The ship was one of two rediscovered in 1954 by Kamal el-Mallakh—undisturbed since it was sealed into a pit carved out of the Giza bedrock. It was built largely of Lebanon cedar planking in the "shell-first" construction technique, using unpegged tenons of Christ's thorn. The ship was built with a flat bottom composed of several planks, but no actual keel, with the planks and frames lashed together with Halfah grass, and has been reconstructed from 1,224 pieces which had been laid in a logical, disassembled order in the pit beside the pyramid.
It measures long and wide. It was thus identified as the world's oldest intact ship and has been described as "a masterpiece of woodcraft" that could sail today if put into a lake, or a river. However, the vessel may not have been designed for sailing, as there is no rigging, or for rowing, as there is no room. Its discovery was described as one of the greatest Ancient Egyptian discoveries in Zahi Hawass's documentary Egypt's Ten Greatest Discoveries.
Reconstruction
It took years for the boat to be reassembled, primarily by the Egyptian Department of Antiquities' chief restorer, Ahmed Youssef Moustafa. Before reconstructing the boat, Moustafa had to gain enough experience on Ancient Egyptian boat-building. He studied the reliefs carved on walls and tombs as well as many of the small wooden models of ships and boats found in tombs. Moustafa visited the Nile boatyards of Old Cairo and Maadi and went to Alexandria, where wooden river boats were still being made. He hoped that modern Egyptian shipwrights had retained ship-building methods that would suggest how Ancient Egyptians built their ships. Then he investigated the work of shipwrights who built in a different tradition.
Exhibition
The Khufu ship was put on public display in a specially built museum at the Giza pyramid complex in 1982; the museum was a small modern facility resting alongside the Great Pyramid. The first floor of the museum took the visitor through visuals, photographs and writings on the process of excavating and restoring the boat. The ditch where the main boat was found was incorporated into the museum ground floor design. To see the restored boat, the visitor ascended a staircase leading to the second floor. Floor to ceiling windows allowed for much sunlight and the wooden walkway took the visitor around the boat where the visitor could get a closer view of its impressive size.
In August 2021, the ship was relocated to the Grand Egyptian Museum.
Gallery
See also
Atet
Abydos boats
Ancient Egyptian technology
Dahshur boats
Ships preserved in museums
References
Further reading
Nancy Jenkins (1980). The boat beneath the pyramid: King Cheops' royal ship
Paul Lipke (1984). The royal ship of Cheops: a retrospective account of the discovery, restoration and reconstruction. Based on interviews with Hag Ahmed Youssef Moustafa. Oxford: B.A.R.,
Björn Landström (1970). Ships of the Pharaohs: 4000 Years of Egyptian Shipbuilding. Doubleday & Company, Inc.,
Weitzman, David (2020 [2009]). Pharaoh's Boat Reissued by Purple House Press,
External links
The Smell of Time
The Solar Barque, Nova Online
Web archive backup: Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia – "Cheops ship"
The Giza Mapping Project
A Visitors Perspective of the Khufu Boat Museum
Khufu ship free high resolution images
Great Pyramid of Giza
Ancient Egyptian ships
Ships preserved in museums
Ship burials
Khufu
Ancient ships
1954 archaeological discoveries | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khufu%20ship |
Kaiser Convention Center is a historic, publicly owned multi-purpose building located in Oakland, California. The facility includes a 5,492-seat arena, a large theater, and a large ballroom. The building is #27 on the list of Oakland Historic Landmarks., and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2021.
The building is located at 10 10th Street, in the Civic Center district of the city. It is next to the Oakland Museum, Laney College, Lake Merritt, and near the Lake Merritt BART station.
History
The Beaux-Arts style landmark was built in 1914; the architect was John J. Donovan. The structural engineer was Maurice Couchot. Originally known as the Oakland Civic Auditorium, it was renamed in honor of Henry J. Kaiser after a 1984 renovation.
The city closed the facility in 2006 and its future was uncertain for a decade. In 2006, Oakland voters defeated a ballot proposition advocating a library space in the building.
The facility was owned by the City of Oakland until 2011, when it was sold to the local redevelopment agency for $28 million. However, the redevelopment agency was dissolved by the State of California in 2012, so ownership reverted to the city of Oakland.
In 2015 the city chose a local developer, Orton Development, Inc. to renovate the facility. The plans are to turn it into a commercial space, with the Calvin Simmons Theater being renovated as a performing arts venue. The building is also supposed to be registered as a national historic landmark.
Notable events
During the 1918 flu pandemic the auditorium was used as a makeshift infirmary.
Until 1941, Kaiser Arena hosted the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus. In 1942, the Circus moved across the bay to the San Francisco Civic Auditorium and then in the mid-1960s to the Cow Palace.
In the 1950s and 1960s the Roller Derby played there hundreds of times. The auditorium hosted the Oakland Symphony Orchestra until 1972, and the arena was home to the Oakland Skates roller hockey team in 1996.
For almost 70 years, from 1919 until 1987, the arena was home to the annual Christmas Pageant (later the Oakland Children's Holiday Pageant) involving at least 1,700 youngsters from 70 city schools. The organizer, professional ballerina and dance teacher Louise Jorgensen, went to each school to train the children for their role as elves, toys, poinsettias or fairies.
Elvis Presley performed at the convention center on June 3, 1956, and again on October 27, 1957.
On December 28, 1962, Martin Luther King Jr. spoke to an audience of 7,000 at the auditorium to mark the 100th anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation.
Ike & Tina Turner performed at the Oakland Auditorium on January 13, 1967.
From 1967 through 1989, the Grateful Dead, an American rock band, performed at the convention center 57 times. Their first 23 concerts at the convention center were billed at "Oakland Auditorium", and later, starting in 1985, the venue changed to "Henry J. Kaiser Convention Center". In the 80's the band started performing "runs" of shows over the course of three to seven days.
On November 23, 1969, Western swing pioneer and TV personality Spade Cooley received a 72-hour furlough from Vacaville prison to play a benefit concert for the Deputy Sheriffs Association of Alameda County. During the intermission, after a standing ovation, he died of a heart attack. He was to be paroled on February 22, 1970.
On November 30, 1979, Bob Marley and the Wailers played at the Oakland Auditorium on the Survival Tour.
On August 6, 1988, the arena hosted a stop of NWA wrestling's Great American Bash tour. The Main Event featured a WarGames match between The Four Horsemen and the team of Dusty Rhodes, Lex Luger, and The Road Warriors and Paul Ellering.
Megadeth played an ill-fated show on October 3, 1988, in which frontman Dave Mustaine was severely intoxicated and began ranting against his former band Metallica (who were present at the show), and began verbally assaulting several audience members. He would also go on to denounce Metallica bassist Jason Newsted, and replacement guitarist Kirk Hammett.
On the evening of October 20, 1991 as the bands Anthrax, Public Enemy and Primus performed inside while across Lake Merritt the flames of the Oakland firestorm of 1991 were clearly visible from the hall's entrance as Bill Graham stood and greeted patrons at the top of the entry a mere five days before his untimely death.
From 1997 through 1999 the arena played host to the University of California, Berkeley's women's basketball team while the team's on-campus venue, Haas Pavilion, was being renovated.
In January 2012 Occupy Oakland marched on the facility, stating their intent to reclaim this abandoned space for the people, but were kept away by police. The action and subsequent incidents that day resulted in over 400 arrests by the Oakland Police Department and in an undetermined cost to the city due to damage and vandalism.
On March 9, 2022, the unidentified, mummified body of a man was found within a wall of the building during renovations. A sheriff's spokesman said the body appeared to have been there for "many years". In April 2022 the body was identified as that of a 44-year-old homeless man who had been missing since August 2020. He was identified by means of the serial number on a surgical metal plate in his ankle.
See also
List of convention centers in the United States
References
External links
Buildings and structures in Oakland, California
Convention centers in California
Indoor arenas in California
Sports venues in Oakland, California
California Golden Bears basketball venues
Henry J. Kaiser
Oakland Skates
National Register of Historic Places in Alameda County, California
Oakland Designated Landmarks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiser%20Convention%20Center |
The Reaves Arena is an 8,250-seat multi-purpose arena in Perry, Georgia, United States. It was opened in 1990, hosting local sporting events and concerts. The arena is named in honor of Representative Henry L. Reaves (D-Quitman) who, along with Representative Larry Walker, was instrumental in the creation of the Georgia National Fairgrounds and Agricenter, where the arena is located.
References
External links
zevents.com retrieved 11-22-11
Reaves Arena - Georgia National Fairgrounds & Agricenter
Sports venues in Georgia (U.S. state)
Indoor arenas in Georgia (U.S. state)
Buildings and structures in Houston County, Georgia
1990 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Sports venues completed in 1990
Tourist attractions in Houston County, Georgia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaves%20Arena |
The Forbes Arena is a 6,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. It is home to the Morehouse College Maroon Tigers basketball team. It also hosted basketball preliminary matches during the 1996 Summer Olympics and was the home arena to the Atlanta Glory. It was opened in 1996 at a cost of $8 million. It sits adjacent to the college's old gym, Archer Hall, which seats 1,000.
The arena was named after Franklin L. Forbes, an athletic director at Morehouse College and the school's first basketball coach.
References
1996 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 1. p. 542.
1996 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 3. p. 451.
Notes
Venues of the 1996 Summer Olympics
Sports venues in Atlanta
Indoor arenas in Georgia (U.S. state)
College basketball venues in the United States
Morehouse College
Olympic basketball venues
Sports venues completed in 1996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes%20Arena |
Piergiorgio Odifreddi (born 13 July 1950, in Cuneo) is an Italian mathematician, logician, student of the history of science, and popular science writer and essayist, especially on philosophical atheism as a member of the Italian Union of Rationalist Atheists and Agnostics. He is philosophically and politically near to Bertrand Russell and Noam Chomsky.
Early life and education
Born in Cuneo in the Piedmont region, he received his Laurea cum laude in mathematics in Turin in 1973. He then specialized in the United States at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and UCLA from 1978 and 1980, and in the Soviet Union at Novosibirsk State University in 1982 and 1983.
Teaching career
From 1983 to 2007, he taught logic at the University of Turin, and from 1985 to 2003 he was visiting professor at Cornell University, where he collaborated with Anil Nerode, Richard Platek, and Richard Shore. From 2001 to 2003 he taught at Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, which was founded by Luigi Maria Verzé.
He has been visiting professor at Monash University in Melbourne in 1988, the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing in 1992 and 1995, Nanjing University in 1998, Buenos Aires University in 2001 and the Italian Academy at Columbia University in 2006.
His main field of research was computability theory, a branch of mathematical logic that studies the class of functions that can be calculated automatically. In this field he has published about thirty articles, and the two-volume book Classical Recursion Theory (North Holland Elsevier, 1989 and 1999), which has become a seminal text on the subject.
Writing
He has written editorials and books reviews for La rivista dei libri (the Italian edition of the New York Review of Books), is a regular contributor to Le Scienze (the Italian edition of Scientific American), and has also written for several newspapers such as La Repubblica, La Stampa and the weekly L'Espresso. The television stations Radio Tre, RAI Due and RAI Tre have hosted many of his discussions on various scientific topics.
He has written many popular books about logic, mathematics, geometry and other scientific topics, usually ranging on a wide variety of topics, including phylosophy and literature.
He has also written several books on politics and against Christianity.
Political views
Odifreddi was heavily influenced by Bertrand Russell and Noam Chomsky. He repeatedly manifested his opposition to US policies, in particular against that of George W. Bush and Israel, as indicated in his writings Non siamo tutti americani, La dannata Terra Santa and the controversial Intervista a Hitler, in his book Il matematico impertinente.
His views on Israel "immodestly inspired" by José Saramago and Noam Chomsky caused protests, which led to the deletion of an editorial he wrote in his blog at la Repubblica on November 2012, where he talked about the Israeli incursion in the Gaza Strip. In protest of the censorship, he decided to close his blog with a bitter post, eventually re-opening it years later.
Controversies
Comments on women's IQ
In 2014, a few days after Maryam Mirzakhani became the first female winner of the Fields Medal, Odifreddi suggested in an article for La Repubblica that biological factors were the reason why so few women had previously achieved great mathematical feats, acknowledging but ultimately dismissing the social and institutional barriers that prevent women from advancing in the discipline. In the article, Odifreddi favourably cited biologically determinist ideas by James Watson that women have a higher average IQ but lower variance of IQ compared to men, and that this was the reason why women were underrepresented at the top levels of mathematics and chess. This suggestion was criticised by Italian mathematicians in the days after, who pointed to the large number of women who could have won the prize that year, a situation that would not have occurred if women were less capable of prizeworthy mathematics.
Comments on women's talent for science
In a 2016 La Repubblica article, Odifreddi stated that female aptitude in scientific disciplines is directly proportional to the concreteness of the subject, citing the number of women who had won top prizes in various academic disciplines as evidence. The statement was criticised by the Equal Opportunities working group of the Italian Mathematical Union (), who published a response signed by several prominent mathematicians, including Adriana Garroni, Susanna Terracini and President Ciro Ciliberto. Two days later, MaddMaths published a response from Odifreddi in which he expanded on and reaffirmed his remark, asserting that they had misunderstood his point (that women are less capable in abstract disciplines, not that they have no ability for abstraction at all). The letter was addressed to "Ciro et. al.", moving the only male signatory to the principal position and addressing only him by name, while the original letter listed the signatories in alphabetical order as is conventional in mathematical publishing.
The article in MaddMaths included a comment by the working group which responded to Odifreddi's response. In it, they stated that, Odifreddi having now laid out his arguments in full, readers would be able to judge the merits of each side, and pointed out that nothing of what Odifreddi had written contradicted or denied the idea that he was prejudiced against women. They also criticised Odifreddi's condescending tone in the response, which included sentences such as "... the inability you collectively and individually demonstrate to understand what I have written" () and "A little logic should instead have made you deduce what was evident" ().
Radio and television
Odifreddi had over 400 TV appearances in Italy, the most notable being:
2002 – Chi ha ucciso Fermat?, directed by Vittorio Attamante – 20 episodes on Radio2 for Alle otto della sera.
2004 – Vite da logico, directed by Vittorio Attamante – 20 episodes on Radio2 for Alle otto della sera.
2008 – In Cammino verso Santiago de Compostela, with Sergio Valzania and Franco Cardini – 33 episodes on Radio3 for Il Cammino.
2009 – A tutto Darwin – 5 episodes on Radio3 for Radio3 scienza, with interviews to Dario Fo.
2009 – Buon compleanno, Darwin!, directed by Caterina Olivetti – 20 episodes on Radio2 for Alle otto della sera.
2009 – A tutto Galileo – 5 episodes on Radio3 for Radio3 scienza, with interviews to Roberto Benigni and Riccardo Giacconi.
Other activities
Piergiorgio Odifreddi participated in the Stock Exchange of Visions project in 2007.
Honors
1998 – Galileo Prize of the Italian Mathematical Union.
2002 – Peano Prize of Mathesis.
2005 – Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic.
Works
Academic writings
Classical recursion Theory, North Holland – Elsevier, 1988, ; 2nd edn. 1992,
Classical recursion Theory. Volume II, North Holland – Elsevier, 1999
Popular writings
Il Vangelo secondo la Scienza, Einaudi, 1999, (The Gospel According to Science)
La matematica del Novecento, prefazione di Gian-Carlo Rota, Einaudi, 2000, (The Mathematics of the 20th Century)
The Mathematical Century: The 30 greatest problems of the last 100 years, translated by Arturo Sangalli, foreword by Freeman Dyson, 2004, Princeton University Press
Il computer di Dio, Cortina, 2000, (God's Computer)
C'era una volta un paradosso, Einaudi, 2001, (Once upon a time there was a paradox)
La repubblica dei numeri, Cortina, 2002, (The Republic of Numbers)
Zichicche, Dedalo, 2003,
Il diavolo in cattedra. La logica matematica da Aristotele a Kurt Gödel, Einaudi, 2003, (The Devil in the Professor's Chair: Mathematical Logic from Aristotle to Kurt Goedel)
Divertimento geometrico – Da Euclide ad David Hilbert, Bollati Boringhieri, 2003, (Geometric Diversions – From Euclid to Hilbert)
Le menzogne di Ulisse. L'avventura della logica da Parmenide ad Amartya Sen, Longanesi, 2004, (Ulysses' Lies. The Adventure of Logic from Parmenides to Amartya Sen)
Il matematico impertinente, Longanesi, 2005, (The Impertinent Mathematician)
Penna, pennello, bacchetta: le tre invidie del matematico, Laterza, 2005, (Pen, brush, baton: the three envies of the mathematician)
Idee per diventare matematico, Zanichelli, 2005, (Ideas for becoming a mathematician)
Incontri con menti straordinarie, Longanesi, 2006, (Meetings with extraordinary minds)
Che cos'è la logica?, Luca Sossella (ed.), 2006, (What is logic?)
La scienza espresso: Note brevi, semibrevi e minime per una biblioteca scientifica universale, Einaudi, 2006, (Science express)
Perché non-possiamo essere cristiani (e meno che mai cattolici), Longanesi, 2007, (Why we cannot be Christians (much less Catholics))
In principio era Darwin. La vita, il pensiero, il dibattito sull'evoluzionismo, Milano, Longanesi, 2009, ISBN 978-88-304-2683-2 (In principle it was Darwin. Life, thought and the debate about evolutionism)
Hai vinto, Galileo! La vita, il pensiero, il dibattito su scienza e fede, Milano, Mondadori, 2009, ISBN 978-88-04-59434-5 (You won, Galileo! Life, thought and the debate on science and faith)
C'è spazio per tutti. Il grande racconto della geometria, Milano, Mondadori, 2010. ISBN 978-88-04-60331-3 (There's space for everyone. The grand tale of geometry)
References
External links
Piergiorgio Odifreddi's Official Site (IT)
Article by Odifreddi on Recursive Functions in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1950 births
Living people
People from Cuneo
Italian atheism activists
Cornell University faculty
Italian critics of Christianity
Italian science writers
Italian logicians
Academic staff of the University of Turin
20th-century atheists
21st-century atheists
Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Academic staff of the Vita-Salute San Raffaele University | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piergiorgio%20Odifreddi |
Schubert is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly covering an area of 2,017.8 km2. It is named after Max Schubert, the winemaker of Penfolds Grange Hermitage. The Barossa Valley area was first represented by the seat of Barossa. The seat of Custance was abolished and recreated as Schubert in the 1994 redistribution and first contested at the 1997 election. Schubert currently covers the Barossa Valley area, the northern parts of the Adelaide Hills and much of the inner north and northwest plains bordering Adelaide. Areas covered include Eden Valley, Kangaroo Flat, Nuriootpa, Lyndoch, Springton, Tanunda, Wasleys and Williamstown.
Members for Schubert
Election results
Notes
References
ECSA profile for Schubert: 2018
ABC profile for Schubert: 2018
Poll Bludger profile for Schubert: 2018
1997 establishments in Australia
Electoral districts of South Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Schubert |
The Bulgarian Professional Football League (Българска професионална футболна лига) or BPFL (БПФЛ) organizes the Bulgarian A Professional Football Group, Bulgarian B Professional Football Group and the Bulgarian Cup tournaments. It unifies the Bulgarian professional football clubs.
External links | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian%20Professional%20Football%20League |
Pierre Beauchamp or Beauchamps (; 30 October 1631 – February 1705) was a French choreographer, dancer and composer, and the probable inventor of Beauchamp–Feuillet notation. His grand-father was called Christophe (a musician) and his father, a violinist of the king's chamber, was simply called Louis. Following a custom of the time, Pierre Beauchamp was named Pierre after his godfather Pierre Vacherot, tailor of the queen's pages and a relative of the Beauchamps family.
Biography
Beauchamp was born at Versailles (Yvelines), into a family of French "dance masters" (). He débuted at the court of Louis XIV at age 12, in 1648, in the Ballet du dérèglement des passions. He was made director of the Académie Royale de Danse in 1671 (although he was not a founding member of the Académie as is often claimed). Beauchamp was principal choreographer to Molière's acting company (the Troupe du Roy) during 1664-1673, as well as ballet master at the Académie Royale de Musique and Compositeur des Ballets du Roi. He also gave dance lessons to Louis XIV for over twenty-two years. In these positions, he was highly influential in the development of French baroque dance. He continued to choreograph and dance at the Court of Versailles after the death of Jean-Baptiste Lully in 1687; however, choreography and composition of music and ballets for the Jesuit Colleges became his primary occupation from 1697. He died at Paris in 1705.
Writing some years after the actual events, Pierre Rameau credits Beauchamp with the codification of the five positions of the feet in classical ballet, as well as a role in the development of the use of arms (note though that, unlike the positions of the feet, the use of arms in baroque dance differs significantly from their use in ballet). The codification method was printed in 1700 by Raoul-Auger Feuillet, who published notated dance scores, and became known as Beauchamp–Feuillet notation. It was slightly modified by Pierre Rameau in 1725, but continued to be used to record dances for the stage and for domestic use throughout the eighteenth century.
Two choreographies survive in manuscript copies with attributions to Beauchamp: the ballroom duet Rigaudons de Mr Bauchand, and the theatrical solo for a man Sarabande de Mr. de Beauchamp. The sarabande is unusual amongst the surviving male solos because, although it requires a virtuoso technique with its pirouettes and many ornamented steps, it contains no aerial beaten steps.
Selected works
With Molière and Lully
Les Fâcheux, choreography, musical composition, orchestral director (1661)
Le Mariage forcé (1664)
Le Bourgeois gentilhomme, ballets (1669)
Les Amants magnifiques (1670)
Psyché, ballets (1671)
Le Malade imaginaire, ballets (1673)
Original Choreography for Pierre Perrin
Pomone (opera, 1671)
Choreography with Lully
L'Impatience (1661)
La Naissance de Vénus (1665)
Alceste (1674)
Atys (1676)
Isis (1677)
Le Triomphe de l'amour, avec Pécour (1681)
Ballet de la jeunesse (1686)
References
External links
Facsimile of a 1748 edition of Rameau's book from The Library of Congress' An American Ballroom Companion.
César UK Excerpt from Grove Dictionary entry on Pierre Beauchamp.
French male ballet dancers
French ballet masters
French choreographers
French male classical composers
French Baroque composers
Dance notators
People from Versailles
1631 births
1705 deaths
17th-century ballet dancers
Beauchamp
Paris Opera Ballet artistic directors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Beauchamp |
Context management is a dynamic computer process that uses 'subjects' of data in one application, to point to data resident in a separate application also containing the same subject.
Context management allows users to choose a subject once in one application, and have all other applications containing information on that same subject 'tune' to the data they contain, thus eliminating the need to redundantly select the subject in the varying applications.
An example from the healthcare industry where Context Management is widely used, multiple applications operating "in context" through use of a context manager would allow a user to select a patient (i.e., the subject) in one application and when the user enters the other application, that patient's information is already pre-fetched and presented, obviating the need to re-select the patient in the second application. The further the user 'drills' into the application (e.g., test, result, diagnosis, etc.) all context aware applications continue to drill-down into the data, in context with the user's requests.
Context management is gaining in prominence in healthcare due to the creation of the Clinical Context Object Workgroup standard committee (CCOW) which has created a standardized protocol enabling applications to function in a 'context aware' state.
Context management is gaining in the Business Rule market as well. Knowing the context of any information exchange is critical. For example, a seller may need to know such things as: is this shipment urgent, is this a preferred customer, do they need English or Spanish, what model is the part for? Without context, mistakes and run-on costs rapidly ensue.
In automating information integration, knowing and defining context of use is the single most pervasive and important factor. This context mechanism is at the heart of allowing users to quantify what their context factors are precisely, this removes the guesswork from business transaction exchanges between business transaction information management partners and allows them to formalize their collaboration agreements exactly.
References
External links
OASIS Content Assembly Mechanism (CAM) TC
CCOW Resources
Standards
Computer file formats
XML-based standards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context%20management |
The Heinkel HeS 3 (HeS - Heinkel Strahltriebwerke) was the world's first operational jet engine to power an aircraft. Designed by Hans von Ohain while working at Heinkel, the engine first flew as the primary power of the Heinkel He 178, piloted by Erich Warsitz on 27 August 1939. Although successful, the engine had too little thrust to be really useful, and work started on the more powerful Heinkel HeS 8 as their first production design.
Development
The HeS 3 design was largely based on the HeS 1 but converted to burn liquid fuel instead of hydrogen gas used in the HeS 1. The first HeS 3 design was generally similar to the HeS 1, using an 8-blade inducer and 16-blade centrifugal compressor. The compressed air flowed into an annular combustion chamber between the compressor and turbine, which made the engine longer. The first example was bench tested around March 1938, but did not reach the design thrust because a small compressor and combustor had been used to reduce the frontal area. Max Hahn, from Heinkel, applied May 31, 1939, for a US patent, granted Sept 16, 1941: 'Aircraft Power Plant', US2256198, with the von Ohain design.
An improved engine, the HeS 3b, had a 14-blade inducer and 16 blade centrifugal compressor. In order to minimise the diameter the widest part of the annular combustor was placed in line with the smaller diameter axial entry to the impeller. At exit from the impeller the air flowed forwards, then turned through 180 degrees to flow rearward through the combustor. The flow was then turned radially inwards to enter the turbine. Although not as compact as the original design, the 3b was much simpler. The fuel was used to cool rear roller bearing, which also preheated the fuel.
The engine was completed in early 1939, and was flight-tested under one of the remaining Heinkel He 118 dive bomber prototypes. The flight tests were carried out in extreme secrecy, taking off and landing under propeller power, and only flying in the early morning before other workers had arrived. Testing proceeded smoothly, but the engine eventually burned out its turbine.
A second engine was completed just after completion of the He 178 airframe, so it was decided to move directly to full flight tests. A short hop was made on 24 August during high-speed taxi tests, followed by full flight on 27 August, the first aircraft to fly solely under jet power. Testing continued and in November the aircraft was demonstrated to RLM officials in hopes of receiving funding for the development of a larger engine, but nothing seemed forthcoming.
Hans Mauch later told von Ohain the RLM was in fact extremely impressed, but he was concerned that Heinkel's airframe team did not have the knowledge to undertake engine development. Instead he and Helmut Schelp secretly visited a number of aircraft engine manufacturers to try to start programs there. Mauch left his position in 1939 leaving Schelp in command. Schelp was not as concerned about where development was taking place, and immediately started funding Heinkel to produce a more powerful engine.
HeS 6
Work on a larger version, the HeS 6, started immediately, and was tested under a Heinkel He 111 late in 1939. While successful, raising thrust just above , weight increased from 360 to 420 kg. The diameter of the engines remained too large to directly substitute the planned HeS 30 (109-006) engines on the He 280 fighter, therefore the design was abandoned in favour of the more compact Heinkel HeS 8 utilizing a straight-through flow combustion layout.
Specifications (HeS 3b)
References
Bibliography
Lutz Warsitz: The First Jet Pilot - The Story of German Test Pilot Erich Warsitz, Pen and Sword Books, England, 2009,
Military Turbojet/Turbofan Specifications
Pioneering Turbojet Developments of Dr. Hans von Ohain — From the HeS 1 to the HeS 011, Cyrus B. Meher-Homji and Erik Prisell, ,
External links
The official Erich Warsitz website (the world's first jet pilot), inclusive rare videos (Heinkel He 178 & HeS 3 turbine) and audio commentaries
Centrifugal-flow turbojet engines
Heinkel aircraft engines
1930s turbojet engines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinkel%20HeS%203 |
The University of Minnesota Medical School is an accredited medical school at the University of Minnesota. It is a combination of two campuses located in Minneapolis and Duluth, Minnesota.
History
The University of Minnesota Medical School began in the late nineteenth century when three of the private medical schools in the Twin Cities in Minnesota offered up their charters and merged their programs to form the University of Minnesota Medical School. A fourth school was absorbed in the early twentieth century. As a consequence of these mergers in 1888 and 1908, the school is the only medical school in the Twin Cities or Duluth and is one of only two in the state, the other being the Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine in Rochester, Minnesota.
The University of Minnesota Medical School's older buildings include the Mayo Memorial Building (1954) and Jackson Hall (1912). Jackson Hall was built as the home of the Institute of Anatomy and is still the site of anatomy instruction for medical students, undergraduates, and students of dentistry, nursing, physical therapy, and mortuary science. More visible today are the 1978 Phillips-Wangensteen and Moos Tower buildings. A new university hospital overlooking the river was completed in 1986. The university began its partnership with Fairview Health Services in 1997, bringing the university hospital under Fairview operations and eventually moving pediatrics to the West Bank. In 2011, a new pediatric hospital was opened. The M Health Fairview Masonic Children’s Hospital provides pediatric programs from surgery, imaging and neonatal and pediatric intensive care to cardiac and oncology (cancer care) services and blood and marrow and organ transplantation.
The Duluth program began in late 1972. It is now a branch campus of the medical school, specializing in the training of physicians for rural and small-town settings in rural Minnesota. The University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth Campus is ranked #2 in the nation for training American Indian and Alaskan Indian physicians, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges. Students spend their first two years on the Duluth campus before transferring down to the Twin Cities class for rotations and clinical lessons.
Accomplishments
The University of Minnesota Medical School research history includes:
First successful open-heart surgery by John Lewis, Walton Lillehei, Richard Varco and others in 1952
The first portable cardiac pacemaker was invented by Earl Bakken with the help of Walton Lillehei and Richard Varco in 1957
First pancreas-kidney transplant by Richard Lillehei and William Kelly in 1966
First intestinal transplant by Richard Lillehei in 1966
First bone marrow transplant by Robert Good in 1968
The field of Medical Oncology was pioneered by B.J. Kennedy in 1972
First total pancreatectomy and islet-auto transplant (T-PIAT) in 1977
First bone marrow and cord blood transplant by John Wagner and Jakub Tolar in 2007
The first cord blood transplant aimed at curing leukemia and HIV/AIDS was performed in 2013
The medical school has more than 17,000 alumni as of 2022. As of 2017, 70% of the state's physicians had taken classes there. A 2010 study in the Annals of Internal Medicine found the University of Minnesota Medical School to be one of only two of 141 medical schools in the United States to be in the top quartile for NIH funding, output of primary care physicians, and social mission score.
Academics
The University of Minnesota Medical School is part of one of the largest Academic Health Centers (AHC) in the United States. This center allows health professionals to train collaboratively across interdisciplinary teams throughout the course of their training programs. The AHC comprises the Medical School, School of Dentistry, School of Nursing, College of Pharmacy, School of Public Health, and the College of Veterinary Medicine.
The University of Minnesota Medical School offers seven dual-degree programs for students interested in combining their medical education with a degree in medical research (MD/PhD), public health (MD/MPH), biomedical engineering (MD/MS), law (MD/JD), business (MD/MBA), or health informatics (MD/MHI). The Medical School also offers 10 individualized pathways for learners to experience a longitudinal integrated clerkships at a variety of hosting sites, each with a different focus. The first longitudinal integrated clerkship in the country was designed and implemented at the University of Minnesota Medical School in 1971. Jack Verby created the Rural Physicians Associate Program (RPAP) as a workforce initiative for rural Minnesota. This program continues today.
In addition to training medical students for their MD degrees, the University of Minnesota Medical School also has numerous residencies and fellowships as part of their graduate medical education programs. These residencies and fellowships are hosted at a variety of health systems across the Twin Cities and Minnesota, adding variety in patient populations and case loads to learners' experience.
The larger of the two campuses is in the Twin Cities. This campus has approximately 170 students in each of the first two years of medical school with a mixture of traditional medical students and students pursuing combined advanced degrees such as a Ph.D. through a MSTP scholarship. As the larger of the two campuses, the Twin Cities campus provides increased opportunities for research and specialty care and also provides the main clinical education site for both campuses. Thus, at the end of the fourth year, the total graduating class at Minneapolis usually exceeds 220 students. The University of Minnesota Medical school makes use of many teaching hospitals in the Twin Cities area. The University of Minnesota Medical Center is just one of these; others include Hennepin County Medical Center (HCMC), Regions Hospital (St. Paul), North Memorial Hospital (Robbinsdale), Children Hospital of Minneapolis and St Paul, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, and the Minneapolis Veteran's Administration Hospital.
The Duluth campus, formerly the University of Minnesota Duluth School of Medicine, has approximately 65 students enrolled for each of the first two years of medical school as of 2022, after which they transfer to the Twin Cities campus for their clinical rotations. The mission of the Duluth Campus is to select and educate students who will likely select Family Medicine/Primary Care and practice in rural locations. Duluth is also a primary site for the Center for American Indian and Minority Health which aims to educate increased numbers of Native American students as medical professionals.
Research
In 2014, with the support of Governor Mark Dayton and the Minnesota legislature, the University of Minnesota Medical School created Medical Discovery Teams (MDT) to support the Medical School's efforts to increase national preeminence by attracting and retaining world-class faculty, staff, students, and residents. These Medical Discovery Teams are structured to help achieve the state's goals of improving patient and population health, lowering costs, and improving healthcare experiences. The four Medical Discovery Teams were created to focus specifically on four of the biggest health problems facing Minnesota:
Medical Discovery Team on Addiction- The mission of the MDT on addiction is to make rapid advancements in the understanding of brain mechanisms of addiction and relapse, and translate discoveries into new effective therapies that prevent and treat addiction.
Memory Keepers Medical Discovery Team- The mission of the Memory Keepers Medical Discovery Team is to support an environment of Team Science to conduct community-based participatory action research on dementia in Indigenous and rural communities with the aim of achieving health equity.
The Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism- The mission of the iBAM MDT is to extend healthy aging by focusing on research and testing pharmaceutical approaches to lessen or eliminate age-related diseases and conditions. Led by Laura Niedernhofer, this group works on Senolytic Drugs as a potential therapeutic approach to lessen the impacts of aging.
Discovery Team for Optical Imaging and Brain Science- The mission of the MDT on Optical Imaging and Brain Science is to produce a dynamic blueprint of the functioning brain using new methods for large-scale monitoring and interrogation of neural activity.
Research conducted by Sylvain Lesné in the area of Alzheimer's disease is under investigation as of July 2022; a Science magazine article covered allegations that images were manipulated in a 2006 Nature publication, co-authored by Karen Ashe and others.
Patient care
Patient care at the University of Minnesota Medical School happens through partnerships with hospitals and clinics, in particular through M Health Fairview, as well as within its group practice, University of Minnesota Physicians (M Physicians).
University of Minnesota Physicians is the multi-specialty group practice of the University of Minnesota Medical School faculty.
A clinical partnership has resulted in M Health Fairview—a collaboration between the University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota Physicians, and Fairview Health Services which was finalized with a 2019 agreement. The expanded partnership of the University of Minnesota, University of Minnesota Physicians, and Fairview brings together 11 hospitals, 56 primary care clinics, and other services into a shared care delivery system led by a single leadership structure, led by Fairview CEO James Hereford and Medical School Dean Jakub Tolar, MD. This academic health system serves hundreds of thousands of patients annually.
Rankings
In its 2023 report, U.S. News & World Report ranked the University of Minnesota Medical School 2nd in the nation for primary care, 35th in the United States for medical research, and 7th for family medicine.
The University of Minnesota Medical School was ranked 21st in the country in the 2022 Blue Ridge Rankings, based on annual NIH funding of $341MM.
The University of Minnesota Medical School is ranked #57 on U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities for Clinical Medicine.
The University of Minnesota Medical School is ranked #26 by Shanghai Ranking for Medical Technology and #101 for Clinical Medicine
The University of Minnesota Medical School is ranked #67 by CEOWorld's Best Medical Schools in the World 2022
Notable alumni and faculty
Department of Surgery
C. Walton Lillehei
Russell M. Nelson - pioneer in open heart surgery, later president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Norman Shumway
Owen Harding Wangensteen
Department of Medicine
Kathleen Annette
Paul P. Boswell
Mary A. G. Dight
Robert A. Good
B. J. Kennedy
Maureen Reed
Vernon L. Sommerdorf
Department of Pediatrics
Jakub Tolar
Damien Fair
References
External links
Medical schools in Minnesota
Medical School
Mortuary schools
Universities and colleges established in 1888
1888 establishments in Minnesota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Minnesota%20Medical%20School |
Uwe Topper (born 1940) is a German amateur researcher and author of books about historic, ethnographic, and anthropological subjects.
In 1977, Topper published Das Erbe der Giganten (The Legacy of the Giants), a book about the prehistory of Spain and the Western Mediterranean basin. The main thesis interprets the remnant of very early high cultures there as the basis for Plato's Atlantis. Although this idea doesn't hold much credibility within mainstream research, his discovery of rock paintings and engravings presented in the book have been favourably received and quoted by academic researchers.
Since the late 1990s, Topper is best known as a proponent of alternative history, with his variant of New Chronology somewhat between Heribert Illig's phantom time hypothesis and Fomenko's version.
Apart from working on New Chronology, Topper has done extensive anthropological research.
His works in this field have been partially published in the yearbook of the German Institutum Canarium, as well as in the yearbook of the University of Cádiz, Spain. He has published scientific articles in German official reviews such as Zeitschrift für Ethnologie and Jahrbuch des Museums für Anthropologie München.
Topper has also written about the Book of Revelation (Das letzte Buch, 1993), about Reincarnation beliefs from a historical and ethnological perspective (Wiedergeburt, 1988), Sufism in North Africa (Sufis und Heilige im Maghreb, 1984/1991), and popular traditions in Morocco.
In 1995, Topper, who by then had got in contact with a group of German researchers including Gunnar Heinsohn, Heribert Illig, Christoph Marx, and others, who all question the established chronology, decided to take a closer look at the Middle Ages and published a series of books which try to show that history, as we know it, was created from the 16th century onwards—according to this idea, there are hardly well-dated facts before 1400 AD. Titles include Die Große Aktion [The Big Action] (1998), Erfundene Geschichte [Invented History] (1999), Fälschungen der Geschichte [Faked History] (2001), and ZeitFälschung [Faking Time] (2003).
Topper's focus on falsifications in the Middle Ages and modern times has raised interest in the German press.
Books
1977: Das Erbe der Giganten. Untergang und Rückkehr der Atlanter (Walter Verl. Olten & Freiburg)
1986: Märchen der Berber (Diederichs, Köln)
1988: Wiedergeburt. Das Wissen der Völker (Rowohlt. Reinbek /Hamburg)
1988: Erdbefragung. Anleitung zur Geomantik (Knaur. Munich)
1988: Arte Rupestre en la Provincia de Cádiz (Cadix' Province Government, Spain)
1991: Sufis und Heilige im Maghreb. Marokkanische Mystik (Diederichs, Cologne)
1993: Das letzte Buch. Die Bedeutung der Offenbarung des Johannes (Hugendubel, Munich)
1993: Cuentos populares de los Bereberes (Miraguano Ed., Madrid)
1998: Die "Große Aktion". Europas erfundene Geschichte (Grabert, Tübingen)
1999: Erfundene Geschichte. Unsere Zeitrechnung ist falsch (Herbig, Munich)
2001: Fälschungen der Geschichte. Von Persephone bis Newtons Zeitrechnung (Herbig, Munich)
2003: horra. Die ersten Europäer (Grabert, Tübingen)
2003: Das Geheimnis des Elsaß. Was geschah damals am Odilienberg? (with Gert Meier and Hermann Zschweigert; Tübingen)
2003: Zeitfälschung. Es begann mit der Renaissance (Herbig, Munich)
2006: Kalender-Sprung. Falsche Geschichtsschreibung bestimmt die Zukunft (Tübingen)
2016: Das Jahrkreuz. Sprünge im Verlauf der Zeit (Tübingen)
References
External links
CronoLogo - Page about chronology criticism in four languages, featuring around 75 articles by Uwe Topper
Pseudohistorians
Living people
1940 births
Writers from Berlin
Place of birth missing (living people)
Proponents of alternative chronologies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwe%20Topper |
Warlord was a comics anthology published weekly in the United Kingdom between 28 September 1974 and 27 September 1986.
Publication history
It was first published in 1974 by D.C. Thomson. The comic was dedicated to wartime adventures and was a popular success, leading IPC Magazines to create a competitor, Battle Picture Weekly, in 1975. Warlord included several stories per issue, initially centred on a character called Lord Peter Flint (Codename: Warlord), a World War II version of the popular spy James Bond.
At the end of 1978 Warlord absorbed D. C. Thomson's action comic Bullet. In total, Warlord ran for twelve years (627 issues), from 1974 until 1986, at which point it was incorporated into the long-running Victor. For the next four years after the comic's demise the publishers produced summer specials, ending in 1991.
Characters and stories included the popular Union Jack Jackson, Spider Wells, Bomber Braddock and Wingless Wonder. Features included True Life War Story and articles on weaponry called Weapons In Action. After Bullet was added to the comic, it featured that publication's main story Fireball — a secret agent who was Lord Peter Flint's nephew. The comic would often include free gifts such as replica military badges and plastic model warplanes. By solving a cryptographic puzzle and paying a small fee, a reader could become a "Warlord Secret Agent" with an identity card and code book, allowing him to decipher secret messages printed in the comic each week (a gimmick originally employed in the 1950s radio series Captain Midnight).
Before the addition of the more generally action-orientated Bullet, Warlord had been specifically geared towards stories and articles about World War II. Much of the language used in the stories was modern, and terms given used to describe the enemy reflected commonly used descriptions. The Allied forces always won in the end, and both Germans and Japanese were frequently negatively stereotyped.
Sometimes the Germans were shown in a heroic light, usually with honourable Wehrmacht or Luftwaffe officers as the heroes, and committed Nazis or SS officers as the bad guys. These tales were usually set on the Eastern Front to ensure the Germans were not shown killing their British or US enemies, the Russians being useful bogeymen. Comic Strips that followed this model included Iron Annie, about a heroic Junkers Ju 52 'Iron Annie' crew, and Kampfgruppe Falken which followed the exploits of a German penal battalion on the Eastern Front.
List of major characters
Warlord included many stories and characters set mainly in World War II and later conflicts like Korea. Though most of them featured heroes from Allied nations such as the UK and the US, there were some series which took the German point of view.
They included:
Union Jack Jackson: a British Royal Marine serving with the US Marine Corps in the Pacific campaign during World War II. To distinguish himself from his American comrades Sgt. Lonnegan and G.I O'Bannion (when using American equipment) he painted a Union Jack on his helmet, hence the character name. He was often referred to as U.J.J. by his American comrades, and served in the Pacific, Chinese, and European theatres of war. He actually originated in the pages of Hotspur in 1957, debuting as a text feature before becoming a comic strip star in the 'New' Hotspur in 1962.
Not to be confused with Union Jack, a Marvel comics character created by Roy Thomas and Frank Robbins.
Codename: Warlord: He was a British secret agent and can be considered a World War II James Bond. His real name/cover was Lord Peter Flint, a despised conscientious objector who refused to participate in the war. His usual opponents were the Gestapo, Abwehr and Japanese intelligence, who (despite his cover) seemed to know his true identity and referred to him as "Flint".
His boss in London was the Churchillian (in character and physique) and probably purposefully so, secret service head 'Kingpin' who was to Warlord as 'M' is to James Bond. Warlord's mannerisms and idiom were Edwardian English upper class with such phrases as 'old chap', 'then I'm a Dutchman' and the casual (having just thwarted the Germans single-handedly again) 'toodle pip' (meaning 'goodbye') as he made his usual breathtaking escape to retake the mantle of his alter ego, the stay at home English gentleman, Lord Peter Flint.
Recurring enemies were Karl Schaft, an honourable German Abwehr agent. He was the mirror image of Flint in that both were patriotic and top agents. Adolf Gruber was very much the stereotyped evil Gestapo agent and had met Flint before the war when he had been a servant for one of Flint's German friends. A stable accident left Gruber with a limp and he blamed Flint for the accident.
The storyline borrowed from The Scarlet Pimpernel the idea of a seemingly upper-class fop actually being a daring wartime agent. Flint's ability to live in the real world as a flawed human being but hold secret his knowledge of his other 'superhuman' traits (the British 'stiff upper lip') is analogous to the modern era's 'Superman'.
The character 'Fireball' in Warlords sister comic Bullet (who ended up being incorporated into Warlord after Bullet was cancelled) was later revealed to be the nephew of Lord Peter Flint, and an older Flint made occasional guest appearances in the Fireball strip.
An aged Flint later reappeared in the digital Dandy's Retro Active story, as the commander of a superhero team.
Killer Kane: Squadron Leader Kane of the RAF during and after the Battle of Britain. (Not to be confused with Buck Rogers' nemesis of the same name.)
Kampfgruppe Falken: Major Heinz Falken leads a Dirty Dozen-like group of German soldiers from military penal battalions. Heinz Falken was the commanding officer of the battalion. He was an ex-panzer commander who had been sent to the penal battalion for not carrying out war crimes to please his Nazi commander during the Blitzkrieg campaign of 1940.
Wolverine: French-Canadian Sergeant Revelle leads a mixed crew of Allied soldiers in a M10 Wolverine tank destroyer.
Iron Annie: the adventures of Kurt Stahlmann of the Luftwaffe and his Ju 52 transport plane during World War II.
Kelly's Choppers: Lieutenant Jack Kelly, a United States Air Force helicopter pilot in Korea.
The Best of Enemies: During the Korean War, British Sergeant Tom Wilson forms a tense alliance with Muller, a German with whom he has old scores to settle.
Harrier Squadron: The adventures of an international squadron of pilots flying the Harrier fighter-bomber during a future World War Three style conflict between the democratic Wesfed (Western Federation) and tyrannical Asbloc (Asian Block), thinly disguised versions of NATO and the Warsaw Pact. The continuation of an earlier storyline called Holocaust Squadron.
Bligh of the Fastsure: Set in the same world as Harrier Squadron it centres on Royal Navy Captain Bligh, in charge of a flotilla of advanced hydrofoils fighting a guerilla war from the Orkney and Shetland Islands against Asbloc forces occupying Great Britain.
Cassidy: US Navy fighter squadron leader Cassidy fights the Japanese in the Pacific.
Rayker: Afro-American infantry Sergeant Rayker fights against both the Germans and racial discrimination in early 1945 Europe.
Ryker: British Dispatch Rider who remains on Crete following the evacuation and fights a one-man war against the Germans using Zundapp Motorcycle he captured and fitted with 2 PIAT's from the huge hidden supply dump in a mountain cave which acts as his base and hideout! He sometimes operates with the Cretan Resistance and finally left Crete and returned to England. He was later to return in a second run where he was sent to Norway to assist the Norwegian Resistance this time equipped with a British BSA M20 Motorcycle armed with American Bazookas.
Sgt Heavy: ex-SAS sergeant undertakes secret missions for clients in trouble after setting himself up as a private detective.
Goum: Arab soldier who helps the British fight the Nazis in North Africa.
The Bonzo Express: British Sergeant Pilot Jimmy Kells commands a joint UK-US group of pilots flying the titular aircraft, a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
References
External links
DC Thomson home page
Website dedicated to British comics and publications
Comics magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct British comics
Warlord
Comics about the United States Marine Corps
British comic strips
DC Thomson Comics strips
1974 comics debuts
Magazines established in 1974
Magazines disestablished in 1986
Comics characters introduced in 1974
War comics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warlord%20%28DC%20Thomson%29 |
"Landscape with the Fall of Icarus" is an ecphrastic poem by the 20th-century American poet William Carlos Williams that was written in response to Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, traditionally attributed to Pieter Bruegel. Williams first published the poem as part of a sequence in The Hudson Review in 1960, subsequently using the sequence as the basis for his final book, Pictures from Brueghel and Other Poems, published in 1962.
The poem, as indicated by the title, touches upon the story from Ovid's Metamorphoses, in which Icarus, the son of Daedalus, took flight from Crete, where he and his father were trapped in exile, wearing wings made from wax and feathers. Icarus, disregarding one of his father's wishes that he not fly too close to the sun, did just that and melted his way to a feathery demise, drowning in the sea. The other warning from Daedalus was to not fly too close to the sea or the feathers of Icarus' wings would get wet and thus fail. This subject – and Bruegel's painting – are also treated by another Modernist poet, W. H. Auden, in "Musée des Beaux Arts", first published in 1939.
References
External links
American poems
Poetry based on Metamorphoses
Works based on art | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape%20with%20the%20Fall%20of%20Icarus%20%28poem%29 |
Stagecoach South East is the trading name of East Kent Road Car Company Limited, a bus operator based in Canterbury providing services in Kent and East Sussex in the south east of England. It is a subsidiary of Stagecoach Group.
History
Stagecoach have been operating in the Hastings area since their takeover of Hastings & District Transport in 1989. Stagecoach have made a vast amount of improvements to the Hastings bus network. All the improvements are in partnership with Hastings Borough Council and East Sussex County Council.
Acquisitions
East Kent Road Car Company
Stagecoach acquired the East Kent Road Car Company in 1993 and operates many routes with different route branding.
Eastbourne
In early November 2008, local press reported that Eastbourne Buses was to be sold by the end of the year to either the Go-Ahead Group or Stagecoach Group. The employees' trade union, Unite, wrote to Eastbourne Borough Council to ask the Council to sell to the Go-Ahead Group, because of work conditions and a superior fleet. On 25 November 2008, it was announced that Stagecoach was the preferred bidder to purchase. A few days later, it was announced in local press that the takeover had cost £4 million. Stagecoach had run services in the town until late in 2000 before they were withdrawn, and at the time of the announcement operated services to Hastings and Bexhill from Eastbourne.
The sale caused a lot of controversy, with MPs criticising the secrecy surrounding the sale and blaming each other's parties for the state the Eastbourne Buses got into, the Liberal Democrats claiming the Conservatives "failed to support Eastbourne Buses". There has also been criticism of the low price the company was sold at - revealed at £3.7 million, lower than the original report of 4 - and criticism against Stagecoach, one MP saying that the company has effectively been "given away for nothing". However, it was revealed that Go-Ahead had bid much lower at £2.85 million, so the council had to sell to Stagecoach to serve the taxpayer due to the £1.2 million difference in bids, despite the union's calls.
Cavendish Motor
In January 2009, Cavendish Motor Services were bought by Stagecoach Group. Stagecoach announced redundancies for Cavendish staff. The company was then merged with Eastbourne Buses and rebranded as Stagecoach.
On 13 May 2009, the Office of Fair Trading announced that it was referring the purchase of Eastbourne Buses and Cavendish Motor Services by Stagecoach to the Competition Commission. Although the provisional decision found that the acquisitions had substantially lessened competition, the Competition Commission cleared the purchase in October 2009 after deciding that Cavendish would have chosen either to reduce its services substantially or even to close its operations altogether following Stagecoach's acquisition of Eastbourne Buses.
Eastonways
Eastonways was an independent bus and coach operator providing regular bus services in and around Thanet, Kent in England. The company's services, either fully or partly funded by Kent County Council, regularly operated in Margate, Westgate, Broadstairs, St Peters, Ramsgate and surrounding villages, Birchington, Acol, Manston, Minster & Monkton. In March 2012, six of their buses were set alight at the company's depot in Ramsgate in an act of arson. In October 2013, the company was placed in liquidation and most routes were taken over by Stagecoach on behalf of Kent County Council.
Until July 2017, Stagecoach operated National Express coach routes 007, 021, and 022, which were then taken over by The Kings Ferry. East Kent had operated services from Kent to Victoria Coach Station since 1932.
Fleet and Vehicles
Current fleet
As of 2022, the Stagecoach South East fleet consists of 442 buses.
The fleet consists of a mixture of Alexander Dennis Enviro400 (both integral and Scania N230UD versions), Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC (both integral and Scania N250UD versions), Scania OmniCity, Dennis Trident 2 Alexander ALX400, Alexander Dennis Enviro200, Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC, Alexander Dennis Enviro300, Dennis Dart Plaxton Pointer and Optare Solo buses.
Vehicle History
On 22 January 2012, 11 new Alexander Dennis Enviro400 bodied Scania N230UDs were introduced on The Wave 99 that runs between Hastings and Eastbourne via Bexhill and Pevensey Bay.
On 19 April 2012, 23 new Alexander Dennis Enviro200 Darts were introduced on the local Hastings Arrow routes.
On 31 October 2014, a fleet of 10 new Scania N230UD Alexander Dennis Enviro400 buses were introduced to upgrade route 16 between Canterbury and Hythe to Stagecoach Gold operation.
In April and May 2016, a large fleet of new Scania N250UD Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC buses were introduced onto routes 8, 8A and 8X between Canterbury and Westwood Cross and onto the Triangle service between Canterbury and Herne Bay.
On 23 July 2016, Stagecoach South East introduced new open-top route 69 in Thanet, operating between Ramsgate and Broadstairs. Two TransBus Trident Alexander ALX400 buses were converted to open-top to operate the service.
On 5 December 2016, a fleet of 25 new Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC buses were introduced onto "Wave" routes 100, 101 and 102 between Hastings, Rye and Dover. A further fleet of 12 new Scania N250UD Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC buses entered service on "Wave" route 99 between Eastbourne and Hastings in January 2018.
In June 2019, a new fleet of 24 Alexander Dennis Enviro200 MMC buses were introduced onto the Thanet Loop service which operates in a circular route on the Isle of Thanet.
Routes
Local and Interurban Services
Stagecoach South East operate a mixture of local and interurban services across Kent and East Sussex. Bus services are centred in the towns of Canterbury, Ashford, Ramsgate, Folkestone, Hastings and Eastbourne.
The company also operates a number of high profile branded interurban services.
The Wave
"The Wave" is the brand given to services along the south east coast. The network is currently formed of four routes, which form a coastal corridor between Eastbourne and Dover:
Route 99 runs between Eastbourne and Hastings via Bexhill-on-Sea
Routes 100/101 runs between Hastings and Rye via either Icklesham or Fairlight
Route 102 runs between Rye and Dover via Camber, Lydd, Littlestone-on-Sea, New Romney, Hythe and Folkestone
Services are generally operated using "Wave" branded Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC buses, although a number of these are currently being repainted into the new Stagecoach local livery.
Stagecoach Gold 16
Route 16 which operates between Canterbury and Hythe via Denton, Hawkinge and Folkestone is part of the premium Stagecoach Gold brand. Services are operated using Scania N230UD Alexander Dennis Enviro400 with free WiFi and leather seats. A number of these buses are currently being repainted into the new Stagecoach local livery.
The Breeze
Routes 8, 8A and 8X which operate between Canterbury and Westwood Cross via Birchington-on-Sea and Margate are branded as "The Breeze".
Services are operated using "Breeze" branded Scania N250UD Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC buses although a number of these are currently being repainted into the new Stagecoach local livery.
Canterbury Park & Ride
Stagecoach South East also operate the Canterbury Park & Ride service on behalf of Canterbury City Council.
Buses operate frequently from Canterbury City Centre to two park & ride sites, one at Wincheap and one at New Dover Road. Services from a third park & ride site at Sturry Road are currently suspended.
UniBus
Stagecoach South East operate the UniBus service, in partnership with The University of Kent. The network is formed of two routes, the Uni1 and Uni2 which connect Canterbury City Centre with the university campuses.
Depots
Stagecoach South East currently operate services from seven bus depots (and one outstation) across Kent and East Sussex:
Herne Bay
Ashford
Westwood
Folkestone
Dover
Hastings
Eastbourne
Old Romney (Outstation)
See also
List of bus operators of the United Kingdom
References
External links
Stagecoach South East Website
Stagecoach Group bus operators in England
Companies based in Kent
Eastbourne
Bus operators in East Sussex
Bus operators in Kent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stagecoach%20South%20East |
DCB (Digital Control Bus, Digital Connection Bus or Digital Communication Bus in some sources) was a proprietary data interchange interface by Roland Corporation, developed in 1981 and introduced in 1982 in their Roland Juno-60 and Roland Jupiter-8 products. DCB functions were basically the same as MIDI, but unlike MIDI (which is capable of transmitting a wide array of information), DCB could provide note on/off, program change and VCF/VCA control only. DCB-to-MIDI adapters were produced for a number of early Roland products. The DCB interface was made in 2 variants, the earlier one used 20-pin sockets and cables, later switching to the 14-pin Amphenol DDK connector vaguely resembling a parallel port.
Supporting equipment
DCB was quickly replaced by MIDI in the early 1980s which Roland helped co-develop with Sequential Circuits. The only DCB-equipped instruments produced were the Roland Jupiter-8 and JUNO-60; Roland produced at least two DCB sequencers, the JSQ-60 and the MSQ-700. The latter was capable of saving eight sequences, or a total of 3000 notes, and was capable of transmitting and receiving data via MIDI (though it could not convert signals between DCB and MIDI, nor could it use both protocols simultaneously). Roland later released the MD-8, a rather large black box capable of converting MIDI signals to DCB and vice versa. While this allows note on/off to be sent to a JUNO-60 by MIDI, the solution pales in comparison to the full MIDI implementation on the JUNO-60's successor, the Roland Juno-106. A few other companies offer similar conversion boxes to connect DCB instruments to regular MIDI systems for the support of vintage synthesizers in modern sound production environments; one of the more fully-featured devices being the Kenton PRO-DCB Mk3 which has some bi-directional control limited to a few parameters.
Implementation
Following information comes from the Roland JUNO-60 Service Notes, First Edition, page 17–19.
Physical connection
DCB uses a special 14-wire connection. The first 7 consist of 3 wires in each direction plus a shared ground. The signals are standard TTL 0-5V, except the Rx Busy output, which is an open collector pulldown.
1. Rx Busy
2. Rx Data
3. Rx Clock
4. Ground
5. Tx Busy
6. Tx Data
7. Tx Clock
The remaining 7 wires may be used for special purposes.
8. Unreg
9. VCA Lower
10. VCA Upper
11. VCF Lower
12. VCF upper
13. VCO-2
14. VCO-1
These are not used in the JUNO-60.
Pinout
View from rear panel. Amphenol DDK connector.
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
14 13 12 11 10 9 8
Serial data
The DCB is a standard asynchronous serial stream (using an 8251A IC in the JUNO-60), LSB first, 8 data bits, 2 stop bits, odd parity, and a Baud rate of 31.25 kHz.
Message (Block) Structure)
DCB data is sent in short blocks messages consisting of an identifier, one or more data codes, and an end mark. Blocks may be sent intermittently (JP-8, OP-8) or continuously (JUNO-60), in which case end marks are not used.
Identifier is 1 byte using a value F1 through FE, which acts as both a start marker and a message type. Data which follows must not use these data bytes. In practice only FD (patch code) and FE (key code) are used.
Data codes are one or more sections or channels, each one byte. The number of bytes or channels depends on the transmitter's configuration, but doesn't change once communication has been started. All data values must be in the range 00-F0.
The end mark is an FF character. It is omitted if the message has a predefined length or the next message starts immediately after the data.
FD: Patch Code Block
This message identifies a patch, by a single byte. JUNO-60 ignores this. It is sent once after a patch change, with the first key code by OP-8 and JP-8. It does not have an end mark.
FE: Key Code
This message identifies a key event. It contains one byte for each note channel the transmitter supports - so it is 8 bytes long for JP-8 and OP-8, or 6 bytes for JUNO-60.
Each channel byte defines a key number (bits 0–6) and whether the key is gated on (1) or off (bit 7).
Keys are identified with 0–96 with zero meaning C0 (16.4 Hz), up to 96 C8 (4205 Hz).
Channels are assigned in the order defined by the transmitter's key assign mode.
For OP-8, this is Ch1 - Ch8.
For JP-8 split mode, Upper 4 keys followed by Lower 4 keys.
JP-8 dual mode, the data for the first 4 channels is duplicated to the second 4.
If the JUNO-60 receives more channels than it physically has voices, the extra channels are "queued" and played later when possible. Whereas the JP-8 only accepts 8 channels.
References
Electronic musical instruments
Computer buses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Control%20Bus |
Maryland Route 313 (MD 313) is a state highway located on the Eastern Shore of Maryland in the United States. The route runs from U.S. Route 50 (US 50) in Mardela Springs, Wicomico County, north to MD 213 and MD 290 in Galena, Kent County. It is predominantly a rural two-lane undivided road that runs through agricultural areas a short distance west of the Delaware state line, with the exception of a four-lane divided bypass of Denton that is concurrent with MD 404. MD 313 serves many communities, including Sharptown, Eldorado, Federalsburg, Denton, Greensboro, Goldsboro, Barclay, Sudlersville, Millington, and Massey. The route intersects many major roads, including MD 54 in Mardela Springs, MD 404 in the Denton area, MD 302 in Barclay, MD 300 in Sudlersville, and US 301 near Massey.
The designation MD 313 was first used in 1927 for the road running from Eldorado to Galena, while the portion south to Mardela Springs was designated a part of US 213. By 1933, the route was extended to Mardela Springs following a realignment of US 213. MD 313 was rerouted to bypass Ingleside in 1949 and Greensboro in 1950. The route was moved to its current alignment between Federalsburg and Denton in 1954, replacing what had been briefly designated MD 322 between Federalsburg and Andersontown. The former alignment is now Auction Road and American Corner Road (formerly designated MD 630) and MD 16. The route bypassed Federalsburg in 1964. MD 313 was moved to a one-way pair in Denton along with MD 404 in 1972. In 1987, MD 313 and MD 404 were moved onto the four-lane divided bypass of the town. The original routing of MD 313 in Denton is designated MD 619. The divided highway in the Denton area was extended further south in the early 2000s. The remaining two-lane portions of MD 313 that are concurrent with MD 404 are slated to be upgraded to a four-lane divided highway to provide relief to beach traffic along MD 404, a part of the main route between the Chesapeake Bay Bridge and the Delaware Beaches.
Route description
MD 313 runs through rural areas of woods and farms on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, generally a short distance west of the Delaware state line. The route heads through five counties in Maryland from south to north: Wicomico, Dorchester, Caroline, Queen Anne's, and Kent. It connects several towns including Mardela Springs and Sharptown in Wicomico County, Eldorado in Dorchester County, Federalsburg, Denton, Greensboro and Goldsboro in Caroline County, Barclay and Sudlersville in Queen Anne's County, and Millington and Galena in Kent County. MD 313 is a part of the National Highway System along its concurrency with MD 404 from Andersontown to Denton.
Wicomico and Dorchester counties
MD 313 begins at an intersection with US 50 in the town of Mardela Springs, Wicomico County, where the route heads east past residences along Delmar Road, a two-lane undivided road. A short distance past US 50, the route turns north onto Sharptown Road, with MD 54 continuing east on Delmar Road toward the Delaware-Maryland state line town of Delmar. The route passes west of Mardela Middle and High School and continues north past more residences before it leaves Mardela Springs and heads into farmland a short distance west of the Delaware state line. It continues through a mix of woods and farms with some residences, crossing Plum Creek before reaching the town of Sharptown. Here, the road intersects unsigned MD 813F (Twiford Road). MD 313 bypasses Sharptown to the south and intersects MD 348 (Laurel Road). Past this intersection, the route turns north and runs along the eastern edge of the town before crossing over the Nanticoke River on the Sharptown Bridge.
Upon crossing the Nanticoke River, MD 313 enters Dorchester County and heads northwest through wooded areas before continuing into a mix of woodland and farmland. It turns west before heading northwest again and reaching the town of Eldorado. Here, the route intersects the eastern terminus of MD 14 (Rhodesdale Eldorado Road). At this intersection, MD 313 makes a right turn to head north on Eldorado Road. The route leaves Eldorado and it continues through farmland with some patches of woods. It intersects MD 392 (Finchville Reliance Road) in Finchville and passes more farming areas with intermittent residences before coming to an intersection with MD 577 (Reliance Road) on the Caroline County border in Allens Corner.
Caroline County
At the MD 577 intersection, MD 313 runs northwest along the border of Caroline and Dorchester counties as Reliance Road. The route heads toward the town of Federalsburg, passing through a mix of agricultural and residential areas. The route then leaves the border line and enters Caroline County, intersecting MD 318 (Federalsburg Highway) and making a left turn to form a concurrency with that route. The two routes bypass Federalsburg to the south, crossing over Marshyhope Creek. After crossing the creek, the road intersects MD 308 (South Main Street). The road passes an industrial park before turning north into wooded areas and crossing the Maryland and Delaware Railroad's Seaford Line at-grade. After the railroad crossing, MD 313/MD 318 intersect MD 307 (Williamsburg Road) at a roundabout located in the southwestern corner of Federalsburg. A short distance later, MD 318 splits from MD 313 by heading west on Preston Road while MD 315 continues east into Federalsburg on Bloomingdale Avenue. Past this intersection, MD 313 continues north on the Federalsburg Highway, leaving the Federalsburg area and heading into a mix of woodland and farmland.
In Andersontown, MD 313 intersects MD 16/MD 404 (Shore Highway). Here, the route makes a northwest turn onto that road, forming a three-route concurrency. At this point, the Shore Highway heads northwest through a mix of woods and farms with some homes before widening to a four-lane divided highway. Upon widening into a divided highway, MD 16 splits from MD 313/MD 404 at an intersection and heads west on Harmony Road. Past this intersection, MD 313/MD 404 cross over Watts Creek and heads north through farmland, passing east of Martinak State Park.
The road heads into commercial areas in the southern part of the town of Denton. The road turns northeast into woods and intersects the eastern terminus of MD 404 Bus. (Franklin Street/Gay Street) at an at-grade intersection. Past this intersection, MD 313/MD 404 become a freeway and head north, passing residential neighborhoods and woodland along the eastern side of Denton. The road turns to the west and comes to a diamond interchange where MD 313 splits from the MD 404 freeway by heading north on two-lane undivided Greensboro Road and MD 619 heads south into Denton on Sixth Street.
The route heads through farmland before passing residences and intersecting the western terminus of MD 317 (Burrsville Road) in Oil City. Past MD 317, the road continues through mostly wooded areas with some residences and farmland. It reaches the town of Greensboro, where MD 313 intersects MD 314 (Whiteleysburg Road). The route crosses the Choptank River past MD 314 and continues to the intersection with the eastern terminus of MD 480 (Ridgely Road) just north of Greensboro. The road continues north through agricultural areas before entering the town of Goldsboro, where the route becomes Old Town Road. In Goldsboro, MD 313 crosses an unused railroad grade owned by the Maryland Department of Transportation and intersects the southern terminus of MD 311 (Main Street), continuing through residential areas before coming to an intersection with the western terminus of MD 287 (Old Line Road). Here, the route makes a left turn to head west on Goldsboro Road. MD 313 leaves Goldsboro and heads into a mix of farmland and woodland. The road curves northwest and intersects unsigned MD 820 (Castle Hall Road), where it heads back to the west. MD 313 turns to the northwest and intersects the northern terminus of MD 312 (Oakland Road) in Baltimore Corner, where it heads north through farm fields past that intersection.
Queen Anne's County
MD 313 crosses Long Marsh Ditch into Queen Anne's County and continues north through more farmland, before intersecting the eastern terminus of MD 19 (Roberts Station Road) in Ingleside. The route proceeds north before reaching the town of Barclay. Here, the road passes residences and intersects MD 302 (Church Street). Past this intersection, the road crosses the Centreville Branch of the Northern Line of the Maryland and Delaware Railroad at-grade before leaving Barclay and heading back into agricultural areas. The Maryland and Delaware Railroad line runs a short distance to the east of MD 313 before eventually running next to the road as it passes through a mix of farms, woods, and residences. The route enters the town of Sudlersville, where it passes through residential areas in the town on Church Street, with the railroad line drawing farther to the east. In the center of town, the road intersects MD 300 (Main Street). Past the MD 300 intersection, MD 313 intersects MD 837 (Church Circle), an unsigned loop that leads southwest to MD 300.
Upon leaving Sudlersville, the route becomes Millington Road and continues north through farm fields with intermittent residences. MD 313 heads into forested areas as it runs a short distance to the east of US 301. It leaves the woodland as it intersects the eastern terminus of MD 544 (McGinnes Road). The route heads northeast through a mix of agricultural and residential areas before turning east in a patch of woodland and passing more farm fields and residences. MD 313 turns northeast into wooded residential areas and enters the town of Millington, where it becomes Sassafras Street.
Kent County
MD 313 crosses the Chester River into Kent County, where it continues north through Millington and crosses MD 291 (Cypress Street). The road passes more residences before leaving Millington and becoming Galena Road, which passes by farmland and some residences. MD 313 reaches Massey, where it passes by residences before coming to an intersection at the center of town where it makes a left turn to remain along Galena Road. It is here that MD 299 heads north on Massey Road and MD 330 heads east on Maryland Line Road. The route leaves Massey and heads west through farm fields, crossing the Chestertown Branch of the Northern Line of the Maryland and Delaware Railroad at-grade before heading northwest into forested areas. The route intersects the four-lane, divided US 301 (Blue Star Memorial Highway) at a superstreet intersection in which traffic on MD 313 cannot continue directly across US 301 and must use a U-turn ramp in the median of that route.
Past the US 301 intersection, the route officially becomes MD 313A, but is still signed as MD 313. It heads west through farmland before turning north and intersecting MD 290 (Chesterville Road). The two routes continue north together into the town of Galena, where the road becomes Main Street. It passes residences before intersecting MD 213 (Main Street) in the center of town where MD 313 ends, MD 290 turns east on Cross Street, and MD 213 goes northbound on Main Street and southbound by going west on Cross Street.
History
In 1911, what is now MD 313 was built as a state highway between Mardela Springs and Riverton, to the north of Federalsburg, and between south of Denton and Greensboro, with the portions between Riverton and Sharptown and Williston and Denton under contract. At this time, the state highway was under proposal between Sharptown and Eldorado, north of Federalsburg and Williston, and Greensboro and Ingleside. By 1915, the state highway was completed between Riverton and Eldorado and south of Denton and Ingleside. The state road was finished to the north of Eldorado, between Federalsburg and Williston, to the north of Ingleside, to the south of Sudlersville, and from west of Massey to Galena by 1921. At this time, the remainder of the state highway was under proposal between Eldorado and Galena. By 1923, portions of the state highway were completed to the south of Federalsburg, between north of Ingleside and south of Sudlersville, and from north of Sudlersville to west of Massey.
MD 313 was designated in 1927 to run from US 213 in Eldorado north to US 213 in Galena. The route headed north from Eldorado to Federalsburg, where it continued northwest to Williston, northeast to Denton, north to Goldsboro, northwest to Ingleside, north to Massey, and northwest to Galena. All of MD 313 was state-maintained except for two portions to the south of Federalsburg. At this time, the road between Mardela Springs and Eldorado was designated as part of US 213, which ran from Ocean City to Elkton. By 1933, the southern terminus of MD 313 was extended to US 213 in Mardela Springs when US 213 was rerouted to cross the Nanticoke River in Vienna. At this time, the missing state-maintained segments south of Federalsburg were completed. By 1949, the route was moved to a straight alignment bypassing Ingleside to the east, with the former routing becoming an extended MD 19 and St. Paul Road. In 1950, MD 313 was rerouted to bypass Greensboro to the east. The former alignment through Greensboro became an extended MD 314 along Sunset Avenue and an extended MD 480 along Main Street. Construction on the modern alignment of MD 313 between Federalsburg and Andersontown began by 1950; MD 322 was assigned to the new highway by 1952. In 1954, MD 313 replaced MD 322 on the new highway from Federalsburg to Andersontown and continued concurrent with MD 404 between Andersontown and Denton. The former alignment became MD 630 along Auction Road and American Corner Road between Federalsburg and Bureau and was removed from a concurrency with MD 16 between Bureau and Denton. In 1964, MD 313 was moved to a bypass to the south and west of Federalsburg along with MD 318, with the former alignment through the town becoming Reliance Avenue and MD 315.
In 1972, MD 404 and MD 313 were relocated to a one-way pair, eastbound Franklin Street and westbound Gay Street, through Denton. The routes previously headed south out of Denton on Sixth Street and Fifth Avenue. The former alignment along Sixth Street became MD 619 by 1978. In the early 1980s, construction began to widen MD 313/MD 404 to a divided highway around Denton. By 1985, construction was underway for the four-lane divided bypass of Denton between MD 404 west of Denton and MD 313 north of Denton. In 1987, MD 313 and MD 404 were rerouted to bypass Denton along the newly completed four-lane divided bypass. The former alignment of MD 313 through Denton became MD 404 Bus. along Franklin and Gay streets and MD 619 along Sixth Street. In 1987, MD 313 was moved to a bypass to the north and east of Sharptown, having previously followed State Street through the town. A superstreet intersection was built at US 301 in 2000, resulting in the northern terminus of MD 313 being officially moved to US 301 and the portion of the route between US 301 and MD 213 being designated MD 313A. The divided highway portion of MD 313/MD 404 in the Denton area was extended further in the 2000s from the south end of Denton to the Sennett Road intersection east of where MD 16 joins the two routes. The section between south of Legion Road and Double Hills Road was widened in 2005 while the section between Double Hills Road and Sennett Road was widened in 2007. This project received $3 million from the federal government in 2001. The remaining two-lane portions of MD 313 that are concurrent with MD 404 are slated to be widened into a four-lane divided highway in order to provide relief to travelers driving to the ocean resorts along MD 404. The Federalsburg Bypass bridge over Marshyhope Creek, which was originally built in 1962, was rehabilitated in 2012. During the project, which replaced the bridge's deck, alternating one-way traffic crossed the bridge directed by traffic lights at either end of the construction area.
Junction list
See also
References
External links
MD 313 at MDRoads.com
MD 313 at AARoads.com
Maryland Roads - MD 313
313
Roads in Caroline County, Maryland
Roads in Dorchester County, Maryland
Roads in Kent County, Maryland
Roads in Queen Anne's County, Maryland
Roads in Wicomico County, Maryland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland%20Route%20313 |
Light is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. Light is named after Colonel William Light (1786 – 1839), who was the first Surveyor-General of South Australia. The electorate was created in 1857, abolished at the 1902 election and recreated at the 1938 election. It is based on the semi-rural township of Gawler, and stretches southwards into the outermost northern suburbs of Adelaide.
Covering a total area of 62.36 km², Light consists of the suburbs of Buchfelde, Evanston Gardens, Evanston Park, Evanston South, Gawler, Gawler East, Gawler South, Gawler West, Hewett, Hillier, Kudla, Munno Para, Munno Para Downs, Munno Para West, Reid, and Willaston. Although growing urbanisation in recent years has resulted in Adelaide's growth spilling into Gawler, Light is classed as a rural electorate.
The electorate was held by the Liberal Party and its predecessor, the Liberal and Country League, for all but one term from its re-creation in 1938 until 2006. For most of that time, it was a fairly safe to safe LCL/Liberal seat.
A redistribution prior to the 2002 election pushed Light further into the outer Adelaide suburbs, paring back the margin from a fairly safe 6.3 percent to an extremely marginal 1.1 percent. At the 2002 election, Liberal incumbent Malcolm Buckby picked up a small swing in his favour and retained the electorate even as the Liberals lost government. In 2006 Tony Piccolo became the second Labor member to win the electorate, and the first Labor member for the electorate in 62 years. At the 2010 election he increased his margin against the statewide trend and decades of voting patterns in the seat, and became the first Labor member to be re-elected to Light. His victory was one of two that allowed Labor to hold onto a narrow majority despite losing the two-party vote.
A redistribution prior to the 2014 election reduced Labor's margin significantly from 5.3 percent to 2.8 percent, but Labor again retained the electorate with an unchanged margin. After a redistribution slightly increased the Labor margin to 5.4 percent, Piccolo retained the seat in 2018 with a healthy swing of almost six percent, enough to make Light a fairly safe Labor seat (and just on the edge of being safe). This came even as Labor lost government, marking only the second time that the conservatives won government without holding Light.
The electorate's first member in its current incarnation as a single-member seat was Premier and LCL founder Richard Layton Butler, who held the electorate for a few months in 1938 before making an unsuccessful attempt to transfer to federal politics. Other particularly notable members include Bruce Eastick, leader of the LCL/Liberals from 1972 to 1975 and Speaker of the South Australian House of Assembly during the Tonkin government.
Members
Election results
Notes
References
ECSA profile for Light: 2018
ABC profile for Light: 2018
Poll Bludger profile for Light: 2018
Electoral districts of South Australia
1857 establishments in Australia
1902 disestablishments in Australia
1938 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Light |
Maryland Route 287 (MD 287) is a state highway in Caroline County in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known for much of its length as Sandtown Road, the state highway runs from MD 313 in Goldsboro east to the Delaware state line, where the highway continues east as Delaware Route 10 (DE 10). MD 287 was constructed in the early 1930s.
Route description
MD 287 begins at an intersection with MD 313 on the northwest edge of the town of Goldsboro. MD 313 heads south into the town as Oldtown Road and west as Goldsboro Road. MD 287 heads east as two-lane undivided Old Line Road along the northern edge of Goldsboro. After intersecting MD 311 (Main Street) and crossing an unused railroad grade owned by the Maryland Department of Transportation, the state highway's name changes to Sandtown Road and it leaves Goldsboro as it heads east through farmland, crossing Broadway Branch and the upper part of the Choptank River. MD 287 reaches its eastern terminus at the Delaware state line, where the road continues east as DE 10 (Willow Grove Road) toward the town of Camden.
History
MD 287 was constructed starting in 1930 and completed by 1933.
Junction list
See also
References
External links
MDRoads: MD 287
MD 287 at AARoads.com
Maryland Roads - MD 287
287
Maryland Route 287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland%20Route%20287 |
Frederick William Beardsley (13 July 1856 – 1939) was an English footballer, chiefly associated with the foundation of Arsenal Football Club. Beardsley was the first ever Vice-captain of what was to be Arsenal Football Club after beginning work as an iron turner at the Royal Gun factory, and helping to found the club in its early days.
Career
Nottingham Forest
Beardsley is known to have played for Nottingham Forest from at least 1884, and even through moving to London, continued to make guest appearances for the club. Famously in 1886, he asked Nottingham forest for some kits and a ball to help start what was to be Arsenal F.C. giving them the red kit which they wear to this very day.
Dial Square/Royal Arsenal
Fred Beardsley made his first ever appearance against Eastern Wanderers, in Arsenal's very first game, as the club's inaugural goalkeeper. He was the first-choice goalkeeper across the next 4 seasons, up until his retirement in 1891. With the Royal Arsenal, he won the Kent Senior Cup, the London Charity Cup and was a runner up in the London Senior cup. It is unclear as to how many appearances in total Beardsley made due to the paucity of the line-ups, however he made two FA Cup appearances, in Royal Arsenal's first ever FA cup matches.
Continued Involvement in Football
Beardsley retired in 1891 from his playing career, but was elected to Vice-chairman and continued to sit on the board of directors for Royal Arsenal F.C. for another two decades as well as working as a scout for the club. He did not retire from the club entirely until 1910, at the age of 54.
References
External links
Player profile - 11v11
1856 births
1939 deaths
Footballers from Nottingham
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. directors and chairmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Beardsley |
A correspondent account is an account (often called a nostro or vostro account) established by a banking institution to receive deposits from, make payments on behalf of, or handle other financial transactions for another financial institution. Correspondent accounts are established through bilateral agreements between the two banks.
Application
Commonly, correspondent accounts are the accounts of foreign banks that require the ability to pay and receive the domestic currency. A bank will typically require correspondent accounts for holding currencies outside of jurisdictions where it has a branch or affiliate. This is because most central bank settlement systems do not register deposits or transfer funds to banks not doing business in their countries. With few exceptions, the actual funds held in any foreign currency account (whether for a bank or for its customer) are held in the bank's correspondent account in that currency's home country.
Even where a bank has branches or affiliates in multiple jurisdictions, balances in a foreign currency account in one jurisdiction are held with a correspondent account at either that bank's branch or affiliate in the foreign country, or at another institution. For example, HSBC receives US dollars at its affiliate, HSBC Bank USA, while DBS Bank Singapore receives US dollars at JPMorgan Chase.
Example
A Dutch oil company is a customer of ING in Amsterdam, and sells a cargo of 500,000 barrels of oil for $40 million to a Swiss trading company who is a customer of Credit Suisse. ING Amsterdam holds its dollars at Bank of America (BofA) and Credit Suisse holds its dollars at The Bank of New York Mellon (BNY). When the Swiss trader instructs its bank to pay the money, Credit Suisse debits the trader's account and transfers dollars from its correspondent account at BNY to ING's account at BofA. Then, ING credits the dollars to the oil company's dollar account in Amsterdam.
See also
Hawala
Hundi
Informal value transfer system
Nostro and vostro accounts
References
Sources
Title 31 of the United States Code - Special measures for jurisdictions, financial institutions, international transactions, or types of accounts of primary money laundering concern
Title III, Section 311 (e)(1)(B), United States Patriot Act
Banking terms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correspondent%20account |
Elijah Hedding (June 7, 1780 – April 9, 1852) was an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1824.
Early life
Hedding was born near Pine Plains in Dutchess County, New York, to parents of English origin. He was trained in prayer by his mother, who was brought into the church under circuit preacher Benjamin Abbot. It is said that when he was only three years old, his mother taught him the first principles of the Christian faith and he felt the fear of God. For several years he practiced secret prayer.
When Abbott began preaching in the neighborhood, his ministry resulted in the conversion not only of Hedding's mother, but his grandmother and other relatives as well, all of whom joined the Methodist Episcopal Church. Hedding attended public worship with his mother and remained with her in class-meeting after the preaching.
Bishop Matthew Simpson related one occasion in Hedding's young life of Christian faith:
after Mr. Abbott had spoken to the class, he went to little Elijah and said, "Well, my boy, do you think you are a sinner?" He replied, "Yes, sir." Mr. Abbott then, with vehemence and loud voice, said, "There's many a boy in hell not as old as you are," and most impressively exhorted him to seek religion. Bishop Hedding says of this event, "It not only frightened me but produced real religious concern, as I doubt not it was accompanied by the operation of God's Holy Spirit."
When he was about 10 years old, Hedding's parents moved to Vermont. When he was about 15 or 16, a Methodist family from Connecticut moved into the neighborhood and began holding meetings in their home. There was singing and praying, and Hedding, being a good reader, was appointed to read one of John Wesley's sermons or a portion of Baxter's Call. These meetings were kept up regularly until 1798, when this home became a Methodist preaching place on a regular circuit.
The woman of the house, reportedly a Mrs. Bushnell, used to frequently talk with young Hedding privately on the subject of the Christian religion. He is reported to have said about those conversations (quoted by Bishop Simpson):
Her conversation, more than anything else, was the means of my seeking religion. After one of these conversations, on my way home I turned into a grove and kneeled by the side of a great tree and covenanted with God to part with all my idols and seek salvation with all my heart.
About six weeks after this, Hedding remained in class-meeting after preaching, when the preacher and brethren, seeing his distress, kneeled in interceded for him. During the meeting he received spiritual comfort and gave his name as a probationer in the Methodist Episcopal Church on December 27, 1798.
At the time of his awakening, Hedding received some comfort but he had not a clear consciousness of his acceptance and conversion. He says of this, quoted by Bishop Simpson:
About six weeks after this, while conversing with a brother about the Witness of the Spirit, the light of the Spirit broke in upon my mind as clear and perceptible as the sun when it comes from behind a cloud, testifying that I 'was' born of God, and that it was done at the time before named, when my guilt was removed and I found peace in believing.
Circuit riding and ordained ministry
Though only licensed as an exhorter, in 1799 Hedding supplied the place of Lorenzo Dow who had left his circuit. In 1801 Hedding was admitted on probation in the Newark Annual Conference. He was ordained, both deacon and elder, by Bishop Francis Asbury.
Hedding served a variety of appointments, as a pioneer circuit preacher or a city pastor. In 1807 he was appointed the presiding elder of the New Hampshire district. In 1811 he was stationed in Boston. In 1817 he was again a presiding elder, this time in the Portland district. He was subsequently appointed to Lynn Common, to Boston, and then the Boston district. "Father Taylor", the noted sailor preacher, was converted under Hedding at the Bromfield Street M.E. Church in Boston.
Episcopal ministry
Hedding was elected and consecrated as a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church at the general conference which met in Baltimore in May 1824. For nearly 28 years he performed the duties of his office with great ability.
Bishop Matthew Simpson offered this assessment of Hedding's episcopacy:
He was remarkable for promptness in duty, wisdom in council, strict integrity, and deep piety. Anxious days and sleepless nights and strong intercessions with God showed his deep solicitude for the prosperity of the churches. His pulpit power, his excellence as an officer, his administrative ability, gave him prominence in the affections and confidence of the M.E. Church.
Faith in the face of death
Hedding suffered in his early years from violent attacks of inflammatory rheumatism. He became seriously ill in 1848 but continued to work. He said, "I hope for, and expect to receive, salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ."
Hedding's last illness was protracted and severe. Nevertheless, his mental powers were clear and vigorous to the last. About 10 days before his death he said, quoted by Bishop Simpson:
With the stroke God gave me wonderful grace, and it has been with me ever since. Not a day, not an hour, not a moment have I had any doubt or tormenting fear of death. I have been times so that it was doubtful whether I would live five minutes, but all was bright and glorious. But to-day I have been wonderfully blessed.
I was reflecting upon the wonder of God's mercy,--how a just and infinite and holy God could take such vile creatures to dwell with Him in so holy a place; so unworthy, so sinful, so polluted. I thought of His great mercy to me,--how much He had done for me,--and I had such glorious views of the atonement of Christ,--His sufferings and the glory that should follow,--that my soul was filled in a wonderful manner.
After a protracted illness, Hedding died on April 9, 1852, in Poughkeepsie, New York. He was buried in a rural cemetery on the east side of the Hudson, below Poughkeepsie.
In 1862, a decade after his death, a Methodist campmeeting ground in Epping, New Hampshire, was named in his honor.
Selected writings
Sermon: "The Supreme Deity of Christ", New England Conference, Bath, Maine, 1822. (also as a 20 pp. pamphlet in 1829, and later published by the New York Conference, as well).
Sermon in The Methodist Preacher, Ebenezer Ireson, Editor, 1831.
Sermon: "Self-Government", in The Methodist Preacher, S.W. Willson and Ebenezer Ireson, Editors, 1832. (previously published as a pamphlet in 1831).
"Address" at Oneida and Genesee Conferences on "the Duty of the President of an Annual Conference; on the Rights and Powers of Such a Conference and on the Principles and History of Said Church, on the Act of Holding Slaves", also "Thoughts on Evil Speaking and a Report on Slavery of the Genesee Annual Conference", pamphlet, 28 pp., 1837; (also in Elliott, C., History of the Great Secession, Document 27, 1855.
Discourse on "the Administration of the Discipline", delivered in 1841 at Philadelphia, Newark, Providence, and Maine Conferences, and published in miniature book form by request of these bodies, 1842 and 1845.
Sermon: "Christ the Theme of the Prophets", in Clark, D.W., The Methodist Pulpit, 1848.
Special Salvation, pamphlet, 29 pp., 1850.
Sermon: "Self-Government", in Sermons on Miscellaneous Subjects, Cincinnati, 1847; also in The Methodist Preacher, Augurn, 1852.
Biographies
Stevens, A., Memorials of the Introduction of Methodism into the Eastern States 1848.
McClintock, John, Biographical Sketches 1853.
Clark, D.W., Life and Times of Rev. Elijah Hedding, D.D. (introd. by E.S. Janes), 1855.
Hibbard, R.F., Startling Disclosures Concerning the Death of John N. Maffitt: A Review of Bishop Hedding's Decision, pamphlet, 1856.
Ludlow, H.G. and Kilbourn, David, a sketch (with letters of Tobias Spicer) in Annals of the American Pulpit W.B. Sprague, 1861.
Pierce, B.K., a sketch in Lives of Methodist Bishops Flood and Hamilton, 1882.
See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
Notes
Sources
Leete, Frederick DeLand, Methodist Bishops (Nashville, Tenn., The Methodist Publishing House, 1948).
Short, Roy Hunter, Chosen to be Consecrated: The Bishops of The Methodist Church, 1784–1968 (Lake Junaluska, N.C.)
General Commission on Archives and History of the United Methodist Church (1976).
External links
1780 births
1852 deaths
American Methodist bishops
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church
American pamphleteers
American male non-fiction writers
American sermon writers
American speechwriters
Methodist ministers
Burials in New York (state)
19th-century Methodist bishops
People from Dutchess County, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elijah%20Hedding |
The Minister for Publicity was a position in the Ministry of Dáil Éireann, the government of the Irish Republic, a self-declared state which was established in 1919 by Dáil Éireann, the parliamentary assembly made up of the majority of Irish MPs elected in the 1918 general election.
History
In April 1918, a Sinn Féin Department of Propaganda was established at No. 6 Harcourt Street in charge of Robert Brennan. The portfolio was created to promote the new government of Ireland throughout the country. After the First Dáil came into being a similar department was set up under the new Dáil, concentrating more on overseas publicity. Both Departments co-operated in issuing publicity material. The first Director of Publicity under Dáil Éireann was Laurence Ginnell.
In the First Dáil, the post was called Director of Propaganda.
List of office-holders
References
Publicity
Publicity | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20for%20Publicity |
The Reich Representation of German Jews () was a Jewish umbrella organization founded in Germany on 17 September 1933. It was established to coordinate and represent the activities of Jewish political and religious groups, with headquarters in Berlin, and provide legal defence in the face of growing persecution of the Nazi era. The organization was constantly being reorganized and remained active in communities nationwide until after the Holocaust. It ceased to exist in June 1943. The Berlin Rabbi Leo Baeck was elected president of the Reichsvertretung with Otto Hirsch acting as its chairman.
Mission
The Reichsvertretung provided administrative know-how for Jewish Germans to organize self-help. It established central welfare organizations, occupational retraining for dismissed officials (fired in accordance with the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, passed 7 April 1933), preparation for emigration, built up schools and institution of elementary to higher education open for Jewish students and pupils. Thus the Reichsvertretung could develop - at least to some extent - a response to the Racial policy of Nazi Germany.
With the passing of the Nuremberg Laws in 1935, the Reichsvertretung was forced to rename itself as Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland (Reich's Deputation of the Jews in Germany). In the same year Israelitisches Familienblatt, newly relocated to Berlin, became the press organ of the Reichsvertretung. After the November Pogrom in 1938 the Reichsvertretung had to rename into Reichsverband der Juden in Deutschland (), now adopting also many administrative tasks, which especially many of the smaller and impoverished Jewish congregations, reduced in their personnel by the arrests and emigrations, could not maintain any more. In February 1939, this organisation assumed the name Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland (). This is to be distinguished from the new Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland, which emerged in July 1939, when the Reichssicherheitshauptamt subjected the old Reichsvereinigung, representing Jewish interests at a Reich's level, into a subordinate branch - using the same name and more or less the same personnel - of the state administration. This was then in charge of announcing the ever-growing number of anti-Semitic discriminations to its members, and supervising their obedience. In June 1943, the Reichssicherheitshauptamt forcibly dissolved the new Reichsvereinigung.
References
S. Adler-Rudel: Jüdische Selbsthilfe unter dem Naziregime 1933-1939. Spiegel der Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland. Tübingen 1974
External links
Reichsvertretung der deutschen Juden, an archival collection of the organization at the Leo Baeck Institute, New York
Mittelstelle für jüdische Erwachsenenbildung, a circular dedicated to adult education distributed by the organization, at the Leo Baeck Institute, New York
Die Reichsvertretung der Deutschen Juden (DHM, in German)
shoa.de - Die Reichsvertretung der Juden in Deutschland
Defunct Jewish organizations
Jewish Nazi German history
1933 establishments in Germany
Organizations established in 1933
1939 disestablishments in Germany
Organizations disestablished in 1939
Jews and Judaism in Berlin
Jewish organisations based in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichsvertretung%20der%20Deutschen%20Juden |
This is a list of extinct languages of North America, languages which have undergone language death, have no native speakers and no spoken descendant, most of them being languages of former Native American tribes.
There are 108 languages listed.
Canada
Indigenous languages
European language dialects
Pidgin languages
Caribbean
Indigenous languages
Central America
Indigenous languages
Greenland
European language dialects
Pidgin languages
Mexico
Indigenous languages
United States
Indigenous languages
European languages or dialects
Creole languages or dialects
Pidgin languages
Sign languages
U.S. Virgin Islands
Creole languages
United States and Canada
Indigenous languages
United States and Mexico
Indigenous languages
See also
List of extinct Uto-Aztecan languages
List of extinct languages of South America
Extinct languages of the Marañón River basin
References
North America
Extinct languages
Native American-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20extinct%20languages%20of%20North%20America |
Unvollendete is German for "Unfinished" and may refer to:
Symphony No. 8 in B minor by Franz Schubert
Symphony No. 10 by Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 10 in E-Flat major by Ludwig van Beethoven | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unvollendete |
William Chopin (1827 – 30 October 1900) was a convict transported to Western Australia. After gaining his Ticket of leave he worked as a chemist and later as a provider illicit abortions.
Nothing is known of William Chopin's early life, but in 1865 he was a widower with one child, and was working as a clerk. On 4 December 1865 both he and his brother Alfred were convicted in the Manchester courts and sentenced to be transported. William Chopin was convicted of uttering forged notes, and received a sentence of twenty years. His brother was convicted of receiving stolen goods, and was sentenced to ten years. The two brothers were transported to Western Australia on board the Norwood, which arrived at Fremantle in July 1867.
For his first seven years in Western Australia, Chopin worked in the prison hospitals at Fremantle and later Albany, dispensing medicine. According to Stevenson (1983), these seven years would have been equivalent to an apprenticeship in pharmacy. Chopin received his ticket of leave on 7 December 1874, and the following month was appointed a dispenser of medicine at the Colonial Hospital. In March he was given a pay rise and extra clerical duties, but by the end of the year he had resigned the position. For a short time he worked in his brother's shop, but by 1876 he was advertising himself as a chemist in St Georges Terrace, Perth.
In 1878, Chopin was appointed government school-teacher at Mourambine near Beverley. School teaching was one of the few reputable occupations that were open to convicts in Western Australia, as the low pay and poor conditions were not attractive to the very small number of well-educated settlers in the colony. In accepting the appointment, Chopin became one of only 39 ex-convict school teachers in Western Australia. He remained in the position until 1883.
In 1884, Chopin started a business as a chemist at York. His business was reasonably successful, and he became a respectable member of the York community. He received his conditional pardon in April 1886, and the following month was elected treasurer of the York Mechanics' Institute. In July, however, he was arrested for "being in Avon Terrace when supposed to be of unsound mind without proper care and control". The charges were later dismissed.
From 1887, Chopin's chemist business gradually declined due to increasing competition with general stores and other chemists. He offset this, however, by becoming provider of illicit abortions. Between 1892 and 1894 he was arrested three times on charges of attempting to procure abortions. In the first two cases he was acquitted, but in the third case he was found guilty. Sentenced to ten years of penal servitude, he was employed as an orderly at the Invalid Depot. He received a ticket of leave in 1898, and died in Fremantle Prison Hospital on 30 October 1900.
References
1827 births
1900 deaths
Convicts transported to Western Australia
Settlers of Western Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Chopin |
Baranagar or Baranagore ( , ) is a city and a municipality in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA). Baranagar is the fifth most densely populated city proper
in the world.
It is home to the Indian Statistical Institute, an institution of national importance devoted to the research, teaching and application of statistics, natural sciences and social sciences. Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School is one of the oldest and most renowned schools in Baranagar and North Kolkata.
Baranagar is a major industrial centre for the manufacture of agricultural and industrial machinery, chemicals, castor oil, and matches; Baranagar is also home to numerous cotton-processing companies, offset & digital printing companies and book publishers.
Etymology
The word Baranagar derives from the Bengali term Barahanagore (Bengali: বরাহনগর), meaning "City of the Hogs". (বরাহ: hog, নগর: city)
Streynsham Master who visited the area in 1676 spoke of the hog factory where about 3,000 hogs a year were slaughtered and salted for export.
There are several explanations for the etymology of this name:
Baranagar or Barahanagar, meaning the "big" (Bara or Barra) and "town or land" (nagar) of the "pig" (baraha).
History
Baranagar Municipality was established in 1869; it is one of the oldest municipalities in India. The Dutch had homes there in the seventeenth century. Streynsham Master who visited the area in 1676 spoke of the hog factory where about 3,000 hogs a year were slaughtered and salted for export. Later it became the centre for the extensive jute trade, manufacturing gunny bags. A major road (Surya Sen Road) parallel to the Hooghly river connects Baranagar Bazaar with Dakshineswar. In between temples such as Kaancher Mandir (i.e. Glass Temple), Joy Mitra Kali Bari and Pathbari are located.
Portuguese colonist first established their business camp here, which was in existence till 1862. Dutch settlers established their ‘Kuthi’ or office for business. Dutch supremacy ended with the arisen of British power in Bengal. M/s. Colvin Cow II Co. was the pioneer of industrial Baranagar. They founded a Sugar Mill near Alambazar. Later George Henderson founded Borneo Jute Factory at that site. In 1859, the factory was renamed Baranagar Jute Factory and is still in existence. The Baranagar Jute Factory was the
first mechanical Jute Factory in India. During the two World Wars, many engineering factories were set up in Baranagar, and the town became famous as Industrial City. To provide civic amenities, North Suburban Municipality was formed in 1869 consisting of Chitpur and Cossipore (presently under Kolkata M.C.), all mouzas of present Baranagar Municipal Area along with Kamarhati, Ariadaha and Dakshineswar mouzas of present Kamarhati Municipality. In 1881 North Suburban Municipality was divided into two parts, 1) Cossipore- Chitpur Municipality (later amalgamated with Kolkata Municipal area) and 2) Baranagar Municipality. On 01.08.1899, Kamarhati Municipality was formed, parting Kamarhati and Ariadaha Mouzas from Baranagar. In 1949 Dakshineswar Mouza was parted from Baranagar and merged with Kamarhati Municipality.
In Kuthighat (Baranagar), there is still an old house/lodge of Nigerian merchants.
Notable residents
Spiritual Leaders
Ramakrishna
Sitaramdas Omkarnath
Sarada Devi
Swami Vivekananda
Ramakrishnananda
Swami Brahmananda
Rani Rashmoni
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
Swami Yogananda
Swami Premananda
Swami Niranjanananda
Swami Shivananda
Swami Saradananda
Swami Abhedananda
Swami Adbhutananda
Swami Turiyananda
Swami Advaitananda
Swami Trigunatitananda
Swami Subodhananda
Swami Akhandananda
Swami Vijnanananda
Swami Tathagatananda
Academician and Writers
Rabindranath Tagore
Manik Bandopadhyay
Sharadindu Bandyopadhyay
Sanjib Chattopadhyay
Bhaskar Chakraborty
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
Dwijesh Dutta Majumdar
Bidyut Baran Chaudhuri
C. A. Murthy
Sports
Rajib Bhattacharya
Atanu Das
Dola Banerjee
Rahul Banerjee
Entertainment
Sisir Bhaduri
Ganapati Chakraborty
Jaya Bachchan (née Bhaduri)
Sabitri Chatterjee
Rudraprasad Sengupta
Swatilekha Sengupta
Sohini Sengupta
Jeet Gannguli
Shiboprosad Mukherjee
Abhishek Chatterjee
Shaan
Manas Mukherjee
Sagarika
Others
Prabhabati Bose (née Dutta) (Mother of Subhas Chandra Bose)
Tanmoy Bhattacharya
Sambhu Chandra Mukherjee
Lieutenant Kanad Bhattacharya
Sasipada Banerji
Rajkumari Banerji
Albion Rajkumar Banerjee
Geography
Location
Baranagar is located at . It has an average elevation of 12 metres (39 feet). It is situated east of the Hooghly River. Baranagar Municipal area lies between Sinthee More and Dunlop.
More particularly to say, the boundary of Baranagar is :- in the east – the Rail line from Sealdah towards Krishnanagar; in the west – the holy river Ganga, in the north – Dakshineshwar and PWD Road and in the south – Cossipore and Sinthee. Dakshineshwar Kali Temple lies just a quarter of a mile from this place. There are many Ganga ghats in Baranagar for example Pramanic ghat, Kuthighat, Kancher mandir or glass temple ghat etc.
96% of the population of Barrackpore subdivision (partly presented in the map alongside, all places marked on the map are linked in the full screen map) lives in urban areas. In 2011, it had a density of population of 10,967 per km2. The subdivision has 16 municipalities and 24 census towns.
Climate
In summer, i.e. from April to June, the weather remains hot and temperatures range from a maximum of to a minimum of .
Monsoon season prevails during beginning-June to mid-September. Also retrieving monsoon from mid-October till mid-November
The weather is quite pleasant, the summers and winters are moderate. The level of moisture increases during summers.
Demographics
Population
As per the 2011 Census of India, Baranagar had a total population of 245,213, of which 126,187 (51%) were males and 119,026 (49%) were females. Population below 6 years was 16,825. The total number of literates in Baranagar was 208,779 (91.41% of the population over 6 years), male literates are 110,118 (93.69%) and female literates are 98,661 (89%).
India census, Baranagar had a population of 250,615. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Baranagar has an average literacy rate of 82%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with 55% of the males and 45% of females literate. 8% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Kolkata Urban Agglomeration
The following Municipalities, Census Towns and other locations in Barrackpore subdivision were part of Kolkata Urban Agglomeration in the 2011 census: Kanchrapara (M), Jetia (CT), Halisahar (M), Balibhara (CT), Naihati (M), Bhatpara (M), Kaugachhi (CT), Garshyamnagar (CT), Garulia (M), Ichhapur Defence Estate (CT), North Barrackpur (M), Barrackpur Cantonment (CB), Barrackpore (M), Jafarpur (CT), Ruiya (CT), Titagarh (M), Khardaha (M), Bandipur (CT), Panihati (M), Muragachha (CT) New Barrackpore (M), Chandpur (CT), Talbandha (CT), Patulia (CT), Kamarhati (M), Baranagar (M), South Dumdum (M), North Dumdum (M), Dum Dum (M), Noapara (CT), Babanpur (CT), Teghari (CT), Nanna (OG), Chakla (OG), Srotribati (OG) and Panpur (OG).
Infrastructure
As per the District Census Handbook 2011, Baranagar Municipal city covered an area of 7.12 km2. Amongst the civic amenities it had 160.23 km of roads and both open and closed drains. Amongst the medical facilities It had 55 medicine shops. Amongst the educational facilities it had 49 primary schools, 33 middle schools, 33 secondary schools, many higher secondary schools and 2 non-formal education centres. Amongst the social, recreational and cultural facilities it had 2 cinema/theatres and 2 auditorium/ community halls. It had 20 bank branches.
Economy
Baranagar is also economically enriched for "Baranagar Jute Mill". Hessian, sacking, fabrics, carpets and bags from jute (Corchorus spp) are manufactured in here. It is one of the oldest jute mills. The service sector includes the rest of the economy. Baranagar is also home to numerous cotton-processing companies, offset & digital printers and Purushottam Publishers, an academic book publishing company.
Transport
Railways
Baranagar Road railway station is situated in Baranagar. It is a Kolkata suburban railway station. It is one of the oldest railway station. Sealdah - Dankuni line's trains pass through this station.
Metro railways
Noapara metro station is situated at Noapara in Baranagar. It is Kolkata Metro's largest station.
The extension of Kolkata Metro Line 1 from Dum Dum to Dakshineswar was sanctioned in 2010–11. It was extended up to Noapara in 2013. The subsequent work was held up because of the encroachments on railway land. Baranagar metro station is currently operational. Located adjacent to Baranagar Road railway station this station was inaugurated on 22 February 2021 and commercial run started on the following day.
Road
Barrackpore Trunk Road (part of both SH 1 and SH 2) passes through Baranagar. Belghoria Expressway also passes through Baranagar. Dunlop Crossing is one of the largest crossings near Kolkata which connects Kolkata with Northern suburban areas and Howrah, Hooghly. Another important road is Gopal Lal Tagore Road which is connected to B.T. Road at Sinthee More (via Kashi Nath Dutta Road), at Tobin More (via Baghajatin Road) and also at Dunlop. Gopal Lal Tagore Road is also connected to Dakshineswar via Deshbandhu Road-Surya Sen Road (through Alambazar). Many buses ply along all these roads.
Ferry
Transport in water pathway is held by boat, launch and bhutbhuti from Baranagar's Kuthi Ghat to Howrah and Belur of Howrah district, Cossipore and Bagbazar of Kolkata district, Uttarpara of Hooghly district, Dakshineshwar and Ariadaha of North 24 Parganas district on the river Ganges.
Education
University
Baranagar houses the headquarters of the Indian Statistical Institute at Bonhooghly. It is an academic institute of national importance as recognised by a 1959 act of the Indian parliament. Established in 1931, this public university of India is focused on statistics.
Colleges
Colleges of Baranagar are:
Brahmananda Keshab Chandra College
Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Mahavidyalaya
MSME - Development Institute, Kolkata
Central Modern College of Education
Schools
Baranagar is also home to many schools providing quality education to the local and neighbourhood people.
Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School (Senior secondary boys' school)
Ramakrishna Mission Centenary Primary School, Baranagore (Primary boys' school)
Central Modern School
Bonhooghly High School
Baranagar Vidyamandir
Rajkumari School for Girls
Mayapith School
Baranagar Narendranath Vidyamandir
Baranagar Rajkumari Memorial Girls' High School
Khalsa Model Senior Secondary School
Ananda Ashram Sarada Vidyapith
Baranagar Netaji Colony Bharti Girls' Institution
Netaji High School
Baranagar Rameswar H.S. School
Baranagar Victoria School
Ashokegarh Adarsha Vidyalaya
Jyotinagar Bidyashree Niketan
Sinthi R B T Vidyapith
Mata Monmohini Secondary School
Baranagar Mayapith Girls' High School
G D Goenka Public School Dakshineswar (earlier: Delhi Public School North Kolkata)
Calcutta Public School, Bidhan Park
Baranagar Mohan Girls' High School
Alambazar Urdu High School
Jyotinagar Vidyashree Niketan
Health facilities
Following hospitals are located in Baranagar:
Baranagar State General Hospital
Disha Eye Hospital
National Institute for Locomotor Disability (NILD)
Baine Hospital
Baranagar Matri Sadan
Indian Institute of Psychometry (IIP)
Eskag Sanjeevani Multispeciality Hospital
Culture
Baranagar Math near Pramanick ghat is the place where Swami Vivekananda and a few other disciples of Sri Ramakrishna Dev started their spiritual journey that culminated in forming the monastic order later located at Belur Math, the present headquarters of Ramakrishna Mission. Other places worth visiting are Jay Mitra Kalibari, Pramanick Kalibari, and Kouleswar Mandir. Pathbari Mandir is a place where Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, the great religious leader, set his foot on his way to Puri nearly five hundred years ago here. In Baranagar a math has been set up very recently, called Alambazar Math in the heritage building where Swami Vivekananda first put up after coming back from abroad.
The Annapurna Temple and the newly built Omkarnath Temple are also other two attractions of the "Mahamilan Math". Trailanga Swami Math is also here in Baranagar at Vidyayatan Sarani. There is also an old kalibari in Baranagar Bazar and one in Kutighat and Pramanicghat.
Baranagar has a gurdwara named "Dunlop Gurudwara" near Dunlop Bridge, a church named "St. James' Church, Baranagar" near Sinthee More along with many mosques.
Baranagar is famous for Durga Puja. Popular Durga Puja organizations like Netaji Colony Lowland, Bandhudal Sporting club, Noapara Dadabhai Sangha, Karmi Sangha, Kalakar para, Ashokgarh Sarbojanin, Nainan Bandhav Samiti, Mullick Colony, Shibmandir maath- all lie in Baranagar. In every winter, a circus is organised at 'Sinthi Circus Maidan' named "Ajanta Circus".
Recently in 2019, AlamBazar Shyam Mandir has been inaugurated by then Governor of Bengal Jagdeep Dhankhar.
Sports
Baranagar is the birthplace of famous sportspersons who have participated in Olympic Games e.g., archer Dola Banerjee, Rahul Banerjee, Atanu Das.
Many sport academies and sporting clubs are situated in Baranagar:
Bandhudal Sporting Club
Calcutta Archery Club
Baranagar Archery Club
Baranagar Sporting Club
Tourist attractions
Several educational institutions, religious places, pilgrims, heritage buildings, places of Baranagar are tourist attractions of many people.
Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School
Indian Statistical Institute
Baranagar Math
Alambazar Math
Kripamayee Kali Temple
Pathbari Temple
Mahamilan Math (Omkarnath Math)
Dokra Kali Mata Temple
St. James' Church, Baranagar
Dunlop Gurudwara
Glass Temple (Kancher Mandir)
Kuthi Ghat
Dutch Kuthi
Peneti Bagabari of the Tagore family
Besides these, many people come in Baranagar every year in Durga Puja period, in the time of "Ajanta Circus".
Gallery
Notes
References
External links
Official website
Baranagar at Encyclopædia Britannica
Official website of North 24 Parganas district
Photos
Photos of Baranagar at Flickr
Cities and towns in North 24 Parganas district
Neighbourhoods in Kolkata
Kolkata Metropolitan Area
Populated places established in 1869
1869 establishments in British India
Cities in West Bengal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baranagar |
Philip van Noorden Schaap (April 8, 1951September 7, 2021) was an American radio host, who specialized in jazz as a broadcaster, historian, archivist, and producer. He began presenting jazz shows on Columbia University's WKCR in 1970, and hosted Bird Flight and Traditions In Swing on WKCR for 40 years, beginning in 1981. Schaap received six Grammy Awards over the course of his career.
Early years
Schaap was born in Queens, New York, on April 8, 1951. He was raised in the Hollis neighborhood, and grew up as a fan of the Brooklyn Dodgers. An only child, he was raised by jazz-loving parents. His father was Walter Schaap, an early jazz historian and discographer. His mother, Marjorie Wood Schaap, worked as a librarian and was a classically trained pianist. At Radcliffe, she listened to Louis Armstrong records and smoked a corncob pipe. Schaap's mother was Christian and his father was Jewish.
Schaap was friendly with many jazz musicians from a young age, particularly the members of the original Count Basie Orchestra, knocking on the front door of Buck Clayton, as well as visiting the home of Milt Hinton unannounced. Backstage with his mother at Randall’s Island Jazz Festival in August 1956, he first met Basie's drummer, Jo Jones, who asked if he knew of Prince Robinson (a tenor player for McKinney's Cotton Pickers several decades earlier). As a result of Schaap passing this test, Jones offered to become his babysitter. His father dropped him off at Jones's Manhattan apartment; they played Basie records and watched cartoons together.
By the 1950s, many leading African American musicians had moved into residential areas like Hollis in Queens, helpful for an emerging jazz enthusiast. In the first grade, Schaap tried to persuade Carole Eldridge, the daughter of trumpeter Roy Eldridge, to introduce him to her father, but only succeeded via her mother. Walter, Schaap's own father, at first disbelieved reports his young son (then 6 years old) was approaching major jazz musicians, explaining in 2001 that he rarely had sufficient courage himself. In his early teens, Schaap managed to gain a lift into Manhattan from Basie himself during the 1966 subway strike and amazed him with his recall of his orchestra's members and their repertory. "There isn’t anyone in the country who knows more about this music than he [does]," Max Roach told The New York Times in 2001. “He knows more about us than we know about ourselves."
Education and early career
Schaap attended Columbia University as a history major. While in college, Schaap worked as a sound engineer for the Grateful Dead on a number of occasions, including during the Columbia University protests of 1968. On February 2, 1970, he began broadcasting jazz on the Columbia University radio station, WKCR-FM.
Schaap graduated from Columbia in 1973. From around the time he began as a student radio disc jockey, he was running the Jazz program at The West End at 113th street across Broadway from WKCR at 114th St in New York City gaining work for swing era musicians he had known for years who were by then under-employed. The West End had a side bar called the Jazz Room where musicians hung out. He booked on a nightly basis such prominent swing-band alumni as The Countsmen (a Basie alumni band, which he managed, featuring alto saxophonist Earle Warren and trombonist Dicky Wells), Russell Procope's Ellingtonia, Franc Williams, George Kelly, Eddie Barefield, Sonny Greer, Benny Waters, Jo Jones, Buddy Tate, Vic Dickenson, Harold Ashby, Big Nick Nicholas, Ronnie Cole, Eddie Durham and "Doc" Cheatham. He also booked modern jazz artists, such as Lee Konitz and Joe Albany, and blues artists, such as Percy France and Big Joe Turner. Schaap engineered sound for jazz events, including George Wein's Newport Jazz Festival.
Broadcaster and archivist
From 1981, Schaap hosted two shows on WKCR: the morning show Bird Flight, broadcast weekdays from 8:20 to 9:30 AM, was devoted to the music of Charlie Parker. Traditions In Swing was on Saturday evenings from 6 to 9 PM. On Bird Flight, Schaap presented authoritative disquisitions (in his "pontifical baritone") regarding Charlie Parker minutiae. By 2001, the radio station's archive contained about 5,000 hours of Schaap's oral history and he was reported to have raised about $2 million over many years to help the station continue its broadcasts. He continued as a radio broadcaster for a half-century, until 2020, when the COVID pandemic intervened.
Schaap was commissioned by Michael Cuscuna of Mosaic Records around 1988 to rescue unissued decaying recording of Charlie Parker made by Dean Benedetti forty years earlier. Schaap's work saw the recovery of 461 recorded fragments (Benedetti recorded only Parker, some fragments last only 20 seconds) from 18 nights of Parker's 1947 and 1948 nightclub appearances in Los Angeles and New York. The Complete Dean Benedetti Recordings of Charlie Parker (a 10 LP or 7 CD box set) was issued by Mosaic in 1990.
From 1984 to 1991, Schaap was the archivist for the Savoy Jazz label. He was involved with the re-issue of other recordings on CD by artists including Miles Davis, Billie Holiday, Benny Goodman, Louis Armstrong, and Duke Ellington. For his efforts in engineering, production, and liner notes, Schaap was nominated for eleven Grammy awards and had won seven, including three for producing, three for historical writing, and one for audio engineering.
Educator and writer
Schaap taught jazz at the graduate level at Columbia University and Rutgers University continued his academic teaching career at Princeton University and The Juilliard School, and ran an adult jazz education program for Jazz at Lincoln Center. Upon becoming Curator at Jazz at Lincoln Center, he left a successful career producing, remastering, and writing for record companies such as Polygram (later absorbed by Universal) and Sony.
In addition to his liner notes, Schaap contributed to the 2005 book by Wynton Marsalis, Jazz ABZ: An A to Z Collection of Jazz Portraits.
In 2009, Schaap published the expanded reprint of Terry Waldo's "This is Ragtime," with a new foreword by Wynton Marsalis, under the imprint of Jazz at Lincoln Center Library Editions.
Honors and other references
Schaap was a distinguished member of the Board of Directors Advisory committee of The Jazz Foundation of America.
In October 2020, the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) announced Schaap as one of four recipients of the NEA Jazz Masters Fellowships, celebrated in an online concert and show on April 22, 2021. Awarded in recognition of lifetime achievement, the honor is bestowed on individuals who have made significant contributions to the art form. The other 2021 recipients were Terri Lyne Carrington, Albert "Tootie" Heath, and Henry Threadgill.
Schaap played a radio announcer in the 2009 Kurt Vonnegut/Dave Soldier "radio opera" A Soldier's Story.
He was the inspiration for Woody Allen's on-screen character in Allen's film Sweet and Lowdown (1999). The feature film Miles Ahead (2015) contains a scene in which Miles Davis, played by Don Cheadle, calls up WKCR Radio and talks to Phil Schaap on air about Schaap's selection and commentary on Davis's music.
Personal life
Schaap resided in New York City. He married Ellen LaFurn, a schoolteacher, in 1997. She later returned to her former passion of singing jazz professionally. Their marriage was short-lived. Schaap was survived by his partner, Susan Shaffer; the couple had been together for 17 years. He was a cousin of the sports journalist Dick Schaap.
Schaap died on September 7, 2021, at a hospital in Manhattan. He was 70, and suffered from lymphoma prior to his death.
Awards and honors
Grammy Awards
Best Album Notes 1989 (album notes writer) for Bird: The Complete Charlie Parker on Verve
Best Album Notes 1993 (album notes writer) for The Complete Billie Holiday on Verve 1945–1959
Best Historical Recording 1993 (producer) for The Complete Billie Holiday on Verve 1945–1959
Best Audio Engineering 1996 (engineer) for Miles Davis & Gil Evans: The Complete Columbia Studio Recordings
Best Album Notes 1996 (album notes writer) for Miles Davis & Gil Evans: The Complete Columbia Studio Recordings
Best Historical Recording 1996 (producer & engineer) for Miles Davis & Gil Evans: The Complete Columbia Studio Recordings
Best Historical Recording 2000 (producer & engineer) for Louis Armstrong: The Complete Hot Five and Hot Seven Recordings
References
Further reading
External links
WKCR
Interview with Phil Schaap, on the history of jazz programming on WKCR
Count Basie Centennial page on Phil Schaap
Phil Schaap Jazz The new home of Schaap Shop jazz memorabilia and Schaap radio archives
"In A Life of Jazz - a Jarring Note", The New York Times
"Jazz Historian to Record His Memory’s Fading Notes", The New York Times
Radio interview with Phil Schaap, on Vermont community radio.
1951 births
2021 deaths
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Grammy Award winners
Jazz record producers
Radio personalities from New York City
Record producers from New York (state)
Jazz radio presenters
Deaths from lymphoma
Deaths from cancer in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Schaap |
The Arc de Triomf () is a memorial arch in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was built by architect Josep Vilaseca i Casanovas as the main access gate for the 1888 Barcelona World Fair. The arch crosses over the wide central promenade of the Passeig de Lluís Companys, leading to the Ciutadella Park that now occupies the site of the world fair. It is located at the northern end of the promenade, facing the Passeig de Sant Joan.
Design
The arch is built in reddish brickwork in the Neo-Mudéjar style. The front frieze contains the stone sculpture Barcelona rep les nacions (Catalan for "Barcelona welcomes the nations") by Josep Reynés. The opposite frieze contains a stone carving entitled Recompensa ("Recompense"), a work from Josep Llimona's earliest period, representing the granting of awards to the participants in the World Exposition. The friezes along the sides of the arch include allegories of agriculture and industry by Antoni Vilanova and of trade and art by Torquat Tassó. The two pillars of the arch feature bats carved in stone, which were the emblem of King Jaume I, who ruled over a period of prosperity in Barcelona.
Other triumphal arches
Similar structures can be found in many other cities, most notably including the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, the Wellington Arch in London, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch in New York City, and the Arcul de Triumf in Bucharest, plus many from the Roman era. This arch, however, is a non-military arch. It does not romanticize war, not intended to celebrate Spain's military victories, but rather was built as the gateway to the 1888 World Fair and was thus intended to welcome people.
See also
Arc de Triomf metro station
Arc de Triomf railway station
References
External links
Brief description and history of Barcelona's Arc de Triomf on the official Barcelona Tourism site
The Arc de Triomf on Google Maps
Buildings and structures in Barcelona
Terminating vistas
Triomf
Gates in Spain
Neo-Mudéjar architecture in Spain
Buildings and structures completed in 1888
World's fair architecture in Barcelona
1888 sculptures
Brick sculptures
Tourist attractions in Barcelona
Modernisme architecture in Barcelona | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc%20de%20Triomf |
Overberg is a village in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Utrechtse Heuvelrug. It is located on both sides of the Utrecht-Rhenen railway line, but has no station. It is around 5 km west of the centre of Veenendaal, and 25 km east of the city of Utrecht.
The village was first mentioned in 1846 as Overberg, and means "the other side of the hill (Amerongse Berg)". In 1873, the Efratha Church and school were built.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
Utrechtse Heuvelrug | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overberg%2C%20Netherlands |
Velloziaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, 1998), also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Pandanales.
Relationships and evolution
By contrast to other members of Pandanales the family demonstrates stricter flower morphology. Despite that, the flower structure is still quite variable and with a lot of specifics. Thus morphological analyses are not able to uncover realistic phylogenetical relationships neither appropriate taxonomy. Embryological development places the family among the amaryllids while the composition of the ovary puts it near the distinct Hypoxidaceae. However, a study regarding the pollen structure in two genera from Velloziaceae was found to be an important character and suggests some correlation but this is still a variable trait.
Molecular analyses recognize five distinct genera (by including Talbotia in Xerophyta and Nanuza in Vellozia thus forming two sister groups) and show that the monotypic genus Acanthochlamys is sister to the rest of the members. The family originated in Gondwana. The crown group is dated to be very young - 14 Mya (Mid Neogene) but the stem group was found to be much older - 108 Mya (Mid Cretaceous). Velloziaceae has a total of 306 known species.
Distribution and ecology
Members of Velloziaceae are distributed both in the Old and the New world. Genera as Vellozia, Nanuza and Barbacenia are found in South America (Brazil, Cerrado). Xerophyta and Talbotia are growing across Africa. Plants from the family are also found in Madagascar and the southern part of the Arabian peninsula. One distinct species (Acanthochlamys bracteata) is restricted to China as the only member found in Asia.
Velloziaceae includes different xerophytes inhabiting open and dry habitats. These plants exhibit various adaptations against desiccation as for example less-densely distributed stomata, decreased surface area by the use of developed furrows (as in many cacti) and expansive leaf sheets that cover the stem or the aerial roots until they grow long enough to reach the ground level. In some members these sheaths are able to create a microclimate that sustains the roots by keeping a constant level of moisture.
Flowers
In the majority of Velloziaceae flowers are single or sometimes collected in bracts. There is no definite flowering period. They are hypanthium-forming, sometimes papillate at their base or smooth, mostly white, creme or colored in different shades of purple although species with yellow, orange or red flowers also exist. Despite stricter, their structure is quite variable in some aspects (the number and structure of stamens varies at very high rate) as in other members of Pandanales. Tepals are six. The ovary is divided into three chambers with many ovules developed in them. Pistil and Stigma are also divided into three parts.
Pollen and pollination
Examination with scanning electron microscope uncovers that one of the distinctive characteristics of the family is the structure of the pollen. Its shape and composition are distinctive. For example, in Barbacenia pollen grains are singular and represent simple monads with ellipsoidal shape and one aperture. In Vellozia the grains are tetragonal (organized in tetrads) and non-apperturate. The size of pollen in Barbacenia is around half the size of that of Vellozia. However, the structure of the exine (pollen's envelopment) is a trait shared by the members of Velloziaceae. It is composed of many reticulations which in many cases may be described as vermiform. In some species, such as Vellozia abietina, the pollen wall does not fit this description, lacking any surface reticulations.
Both cross and self pollination are observed inside the family, and the process is accomplished in various manners. Pollinators of Vellozia include the common honeybee (Apis mellifera) and different species of solitary bees as Megachile curvipes, Psaenythia sp. and Augochlora metallica. The reward is pollen which is much more abundant than nectar. Nectar in the genus contains very low concentration of sugars. Bees use the three lobed stigma as a landing platform, and visually orient towards it. When the tepals are removed, bees will visit the flowers, but when the stigma is removed, no pollinators are recorded. It was found that hummingbirds visit these plants despite the diluted composition of nectar. Barbacenia differs in that its nectar is more abundant than its pollen. The pollen is probably taken by carpenter ants but whether ants are successful pollinators is not known. Pollen grains in Barbacenia are smaller, and these insects may be able to carry them and leave some on the stigma while they are searching for nectar.
Fruits and seeds
Fruits and seeds of these plants appear in large variety of shapes and sizes which demonstrate adaptations enhancing dispersal. Such adaptations include the development of bristles or hooks (Talbotia elegans) that cover the seed capsule. This allows attachment to animals, making the seeds able to travel long distances. Another characteristic is that the capsule is sticky, which also helps it to attach.
References
External links
links at CSDL, Texas
Monocot families | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velloziaceae |
Andreas Zelinka (; born 23 February 1802, in Vyškov, Moravia – 21 January 1868, in Vienna) served as the mayor of Vienna, Austria from 1861 to 1868.
Life
Zelinka attended high school in Brno. From 1821 to 1825, he studied law at the University of Vienna and received his PhD in 1829. Beginning in 1831, he worked as a health inspector and an attorney. In 1848, he was elected to the Vienna City Council and became its vice-president in 1849. He was awarded the Franz Joseph Order in 1850. During his years as mayor he also served in the State Parliament of Lower Austria and, from 1867, in the Herrenhaus of the Imperial Council of Austria.
As mayor, he participated in planning the First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline, the Wiener Donauregulierung (a flood control project) and the Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery). In 1865, the first sections of the Ringstraße were opened. His entire annual salary of 12,000 florins was donated to charity. The people of Vienna called him Papa Zelinka. In 1869, a street in the Innere Stadt was named the Zelinkagasse in his honor. He is also commemorated by a monument in the Stadtpark.
Sources
Article on Zelinka @ German Wikisource.
1802 births
1868 deaths
People from Vyškov
Mayors of Vienna
Austrian people of Czech descent
Members of the House of Lords (Austria)
Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas%20Zelinka |
Alick Edwards Glennie (1925–2003) was a British computer scientist, most famous for having developed Autocode, which many people regard as the first ever computer compiler.
Glennie worked with Alan Turing on several projects, including the Manchester Mark 1.
Glennie subsequently worked at Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (AWRE) where he was responsible in the early 1960s in developing FORTRAN compilers for several large computers inc. IBM 709, IBM 7090, IBM 7030 ("Stretch") and also ICT Atlas. He pioneered a method of developing the compiler for the Atlas on the IBM 7030 in advance of delivery of the Atlas, using an interpretive technique.
References
External links
A move by move version of Turing and Glennie's chess game
British computer scientists
1925 births
2003 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alick%20Glennie |
Ralph Theodore Morse (October 23, 1917 – December 7, 2014) was a career staff photographer for Life magazine. He photographed some of the most widely seen pictures of World War II, the United States space program, and sports events, and was celebrated for his multiple-exposure photographs. Morse's success as an improviser led to his being considered Life magazine's specialist in technical photography. Former managing editor George P. Hunt declared that "If [the] equipment he needed didn't exist, [Morse] built it."
During his thirty years at Life, Morse covered assignments including science, theater, fads and spot news. When first hired by Life and sent to photograph World War II, he was the youngest war correspondent. His pictures documented the war's Pacific and European theatres and the post-war reconstruction of Europe. Morse was the civilian photographer at the signing of the surrender by the Germans to General Dwight Eisenhower. He was the senior staff photographer at the time when Life ceased weekly publication.
Morse photographed the NASA space program from its inception, an assignment which outlasted Life as a weekly magazine. On November 6, 2009 LIFE.com unveiled a photo retrospective of Project Mercury, America's first human spaceflight program. Most of this photo collection is credited to Morse, as he had been exclusively assigned by Life to cover the space program. Over the early decades of the space program, Morse became an insider at NASA, providing him with the privileged access which helped produce some of the most iconic images of NASA projects. On July 15, 2009, LIFE.com published a photo gallery of never-before-seen photos Morse took of Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins, and Neil Armstrong in the days before their Apollo mission. In the gallery, Morse talks with Life about Apollo 11 and the astronauts who first landed on the moon.
Morse believed that photos lend a unique understanding to the world in which we live. Photographer Jim McNitt, who worked with Morse on several Time magazine assignments in the 1970s, described him as a fun-loving extrovert who was delighted to mentor an aspiring photojournalist. "Watching Ralph plan his shots, respond to editors, and deal with reluctant subjects with off-hand humor taught me things I couldn't learn in photo magazines or workshops," said McNitt. Former Life managing editor George P. Hunt proclaimed of Morse, "If Life could afford only one photographer, it would have to be Ralph Morse."
Early life
Ralph Morse had humble roots. Born in Manhattan and raised in the Bronx area of New York City, he lived with his mother and sister in an apartment where the income was $25 a week. At fifteen, he starting working in a drug store delivering orders every afternoon, and at a soda fountain every evening until 11:00 pm, making soda and sandwiches for the public. At DeWitt Clinton High School, he joined the school newspaper and was a dedicated student of journalism.
Aspiring to become a newsreel cameraman but lacking the requisite $1,000 to join the union, Morse instead entered the City College of New York for free and took every class offered in photography. Subsequently, Morse looked up photography in the business directory called the Manhattan Redbook. Starting with "A", he went door-to-door visiting all the listings until finally being hired at "P" by Paul Parker Studio. Paul Parker was a social photographer with such customers as the United Fund and the Red Cross, a type of photography of great interest to Morse. Paul Parker had a most fascinating capability of moving lights. Morse stayed with Parker for most of a year until hearing of a job of hanging lights for George Karger, a German banker turned photographer who was freelancing through Pix Publishing, an agency in New York that sold pictures around the world. Earning $6 a week, Morse worked with Karger for six months, at which time Morse realized that he had learned all that Karger had to offer. Then a job opened at Harper's Bazaar. Morse only stayed at Harper's for a day, as he could not understand taking pictures that meant nothing to anyone outside the fashion industry.
As one who delivered photos to Pix on a daily basis, Morse was readily hired by Pix to work in their darkroom. The first weekend as a printer, Morse spent a day with friends at Jones Beach on Long Island. Not owning a camera, Morse borrowed a 35mm Contax from his friend Cornell Capa, who was also a printer in the Pix publishing lab, as well as the brother of Life photographer Robert Capa. At the beach, Morse happened upon a father throwing his baby into the air and catching him. Capturing the father and son on film, Morse immediately brought the pictures to Leon Daniel, the editor of Pix. Daniel proclaimed that Pix could sell the picture that very afternoon. Indeed, within an hour, Daniel had sold the photo to the Houston Chronicle and then sold it to about twenty other publications in the world over the following week. Morse continued working in the darkroom and continued taking pictures every weekend. Morse credits Leon Daniel as being the person who definitively encouraged him to become a professional photographer, as it was Daniel who urged Morse to just take pictures and let Pix sell them, noting that such an arrangement would be more lucrative both experientially and financially. Morse bought himself his first camera equipment and began buying The New York Times every day in order to select events to photograph, creating pictures which Daniel then sold instantly.
Of the three owners of Pix, one was a silent partner, Alfred Eisenstaedt, a photographer who had left the Associated Press in Germany to join the new Life magazine staff in New York City. Eisenstaedt closely observed Morse's photographing while encouraging Wilson Hicks, the picture editor of Life, to meet the young upstart at Pix. After weeks of Eisenstaedt's nagging, Hicks relented and asked to meet Morse. At their initial encounter, Hicks gave Morse his first assignment. Not at all sure how he would actually meet the demands of the most important picture editor in the United States, Morse covered up his fear with gratitude. Between his own and Capa's equipment, Morse was able to cover the author Thornton Wilder's acting on Broadway in his own show Our Town. The success of this assignment earned him a second—capturing on film women buying hats for their husbands in the basement of Gimbels department store—which turned out to be Morse's first photo story published by Life. As a result, Hicks offered Morse a contract to work for Life one day a week through Pix, which amounted to about ten days a month of working for Life until the start of World War II.
War correspondent
At 24, Morse was the youngest war correspondent when Life hired him full-time in 1942 and sent him to the Pacific Theatre of World War II. He immediately learned that not all of his photos would end up in print, as his first war assignment turned out to be a secret mission. War coverage was the ultimate on-the-job training, needing to learn on the spot such feats as descending rope ladders overloaded with both combat and photographic gear in order to accompany troops from ship to shore. Landing with the Marines on Guadalcanal, Morse's cameras recorded America's first amphibious attack in the Pacific. He arranged for the captain of the , the Navy ship on which Morse had arrived, to deliver his film to Washington, D.C., as such pictures needed to be screened before being printed. Unfortunately, the Vincennes was torpedoed that night in the Battle of Savo Island. Morse's film and equipment went down with the ship while he trod water all night amidst destroyers dropping depth charges on submarines, fortunately scaring away the sharks and barracuda. With neither cameras nor clothing, Morse made a secret pact with Naval command to return briefly to Life in New York to re-equip, but was mandated to tell no details of the sea battle, no explanation of how he lost his equipment. Unknown to him, he was being trailed by Naval intelligence to confirm that he had kept his word. Guadalcanal grew a jungle so thick that accompanying nocturnal troop movement was filled with the risk of abandonment if one ever lost sight of the soldier's foot he was following.
During a daytime patrol, Morse came upon a burnt-out Japanese tank in a clearing with a skull and helmet on the fender. Life magazine and newspapers around the country ran Morse's photo; it proved to be the first horror picture released by the censors of World War II. Morse left the Pacific with not just an accommodation for his photo coverage from the United States Secretary of the Navy, but also with a case of malaria. Upon being healed in a New York City hospital, he was reassigned to photograph General George Patton's Army's traversing France.
He did a most comprehensive story of a wounded soldier by braving a request to the Surgeon General of the Army to certify him as wounded as well, so that he would become privy to all means of transportations, first aid stations, and hospitals as was his wounded man. Searching the battlefield between artillery shellings, he observed a corpsman as both arms were hit. Morse was witness to all the surgeries, fed him his meals, and, in time, poured penicillin into his wounds. The photos of this soldier in pain and his arms being placed in casts, considered a model of effective photojournalism, are the commonly used pictures of the wounded of World War II. Morse was witness to the invasion at Normandy, air raids in Verdun, General Charles de Gaulle's peace parade in Paris, and Hermann Göring's trial at Nuremberg. He accompanied a Frenchman by open rail and hitched rides all the way from the German concentration camp where he had been enslaved back to the dinner table with the family members from whom he had been estranged for four years. He was the civilian photojournalist present at the signing of the surrender by the Germans at Reims.
Eighth astronaut
A decade after photographing the post-war reconstruction of Europe, Morse received his next singular assignment: documenting American preparations to explore outer space. He spoke to the science and managing editors of Life, recommending that one reporter and one photographer go everywhere and do everything in which the astronauts were engaged. The editors chose Morse for the job, launching a thirty-year assignment and lifelong friendships between Morse and the astronauts and their families. After years of joining the astronauts as they trained—flying weightless, diving undersea, studying rocks, surviving deserts and jungles—Morse was dubbed by them as the eighth astronaut.
Conventional photography was sufficient at the onset of Morse's coverage of the space program which began as an introduction to Life readers of the astronauts themselves and their families; however, as the program grew in complexity from Project Mercury to Gemini to Apollo, Morse needed to devise new ways to capture subject matter never before photographed. He illustrated subjects that no-one had ever seen. He did his homework, gathering the necessary knowledge to make the desired photograph. He invented his own techniques for images such as a rocket launch. He photographed double exposures, he shot with infrared cameras, he relied on motion detectors. Because he photographed with remote camera, the results were dramatic as the cameras were so close to the rockets. He positioned a six-foot man next to a thirty-seven-story missile to show its scale.
Sports historian
The equipment Morse used for showing the space program served him well on his other assignments, also. When he photographed the Brooklyn Dodgers in the 1955 World Series, he brought a missile-tracking camera to the stadium. Forewarned that Jackie Robinson would try to steal home, Morse rigged the camera with a foot switch set to fire a hundred feet of film at ten frames a second. With his hand-held camera focused on the outfield, Morse triggered the foot button as soon as energy mounted between Robinson and the pitcher. When Robinson made the dash, Morse's camera was already running.
Years before, Nat Fein's Pulitzer Prize-winning picture of the back of Babe Ruth captured, as well, Morse kneeling and photographing Ruth from the front. As he stood addressing the public, and visibly weakened by cancer, Ruth leaned on his bat as a crutch. Morse chose to illustrate the somber mood of the dying hero's farewell by using color film, despite its being new and still slow in reproduction. Morse's shot of Ruth's downcast eyes with stands of fans in the background was distinctively captured in muted color tones. In response to Morse's being assigned to produce a picture that would show in one image Hank Aaron's entire 715th home run, he and fellow Life photographer Henry Groskinsky planned a multiple exposure of the pitch along with Aaron's hitting the homer, touching each base, and being congratulated by his teammates in the dugout. To make this photograph, they used a 4 X 5 view camera with strips of black paper mounted on a glass in front of the lens. As Aaron approached each of the locations to be photographed, a section of the black covering was lifted from the glass, allowing an exposure to be made.
Technically similar, in covering the hundred yard dash in New York's Madison Square Garden, Morse wanted to put the start, middle, and finish of the race in the same picture. He was able to place wiring under the track, but no place existed for situating the cameras. Morse had a hanging box built under the balcony in which he mounted his equipment. His assistant tripped the lights at the required intervals, and Morse made the photograph.
Medical recorder
Morse also documented breakthroughs in the field of medicine. In response to the US Surgeon General's decree that smoking caused lung cancer, Morse obtained from the American Cancer Society the exact number of daily cancer-inducing cigarettes. Morse laid the smoked butts on a plate of glass and snapped a photo. Then he superimposed onto the same photographic plate a model silhouetted against black paper, blowing smoke out of her mouth.
Just as with the astronauts, developing friendships with the medical people he was photographing opened doors for Morse that would have been closed to others. To illustrate an article about the schism between two Houston heart surgeons, Drs. Michael DeBakey and Denton Cooley, Morse photographed each of them alone against the same dark backdrop, presumably unknown to each other, on the same frame of film. The double exposure of the dueling doctors back-to-back became a Life magazine cover.
Previously, when first photographing Dr. Cooley transplanting human hearts, Morse asked whether anyone had ever seen his own heart. Morse located a patient's recently removed heart floating in a jar of formaldehyde, and photographed Man's seeing his own heart for the first time. His previous experience with Dr. DeBakey occurred when the need for transplants outnumbered available cadaver hearts. When DeBakey was about to put a man-made left ventricle into a dying man's chest cavity for the first time, Morse requested to be present on the floor. DeBakey explained that the American Medical Association would not allow an outsider's presence in the operating room. The photograph was made when DeBakey hired Morse as a temporary hospital staff member for a dollar. In the deal, DeBakey gained ownership of the pictures, and Life had the right to publish them.
Family life
Morse and the late Ruth Zizmor Morse lived in Paris after World War II while he photographed the post-war reconstruction of Europe. Later, they settled in northern New Jersey, where they raised their three sons, Alan, Bob, and Don, as Morse's work was based out of the Time-Life Building in New York City. When schedules permitted, the family joined Morse on his photographic assignments, including journeys to Cape Canaveral, Florida to watch missiles being launched. Morse retired to south Florida where he enjoyed sailing and boating, spending time with his companion Barbara Ohlstein, his six grandchildren, and his four great-grandchildren. He died on December 7, 2014 in Delray Beach, Florida.
Awards
Morse won thirty awards for his photography. He received the 1995 Joseph A. Sprague Memorial Award. According to the National Press Photographers Association, this award is the highest honor in the field of photojournalism. Morse was the recipient of the 2010 Briton Hadden Life-Time Achievement Award for his World War II photographs.
Exhibitions
Edward Steichen included two of Morse's pictures in the world-touring 1955 MoMA exhibition The Family of Man; an English couple tightly embracing on a rug in a park, and children in China dancing a Ring a Ring o' Roses.
References
External links
Photographs by Ralph Morse at Life.Com
Photographs by Ralph Morse at Getty Images
American photojournalists
Life (magazine) photojournalists
DeWitt Clinton High School alumni
1917 births
2014 deaths
American war correspondents
Photographers from New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20Morse |
Meldrum was a multinational heavy metal band formed by ex-Phantom Blue guitarist Michelle Meldrum.
History
American guitarist Michelle Meldrum started her first band Wargod with Strapping Young Lad drummer Gene Hoglan, later going on to form Phantom Blue, with whom she released two albums and an EP between 1989 and 1993.
Meldrum was formed in Sweden in late 1999 with Hasse Sjölander on the drums, who was later replaced by Fredrik Haake. They recorded their debut album Loaded Mental Cannon in 2000, but due to trouble with the record company, the album was not released until 2001. Guest musicians included Brian Robertson, Marcel Jacob and John Norum, who was also Michelle's husband.
In 2005 they toured for three months with Zakk Wylde's Black Label Society, appearing in sold out venues across the United States and Europe. In the fall of 2005 Meldrum joined Motörhead as special guests on their 30th anniversary tour throughout Europe. The band has also toured with Sepultura, Danzig, and Nashville Pussy.
Their second album, Blowin' Up the Machine (produced by Toby Wright), was released through Frontiers in Europe on May 11, 2007, and in the U.S. on September 11, 2007. Motörhead's Lemmy, Gene Hoglan, and former Phantom Blue drummer Linda McDonald all guest on the album.
On May 18, 2008, Michelle Meldrum was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital in Burbank, California, in critical condition. Three days later, on Wednesday, May 21, she died as a result of a cystic growth that had restricted oxygen and blood flow to her brain, rendering her braindead. Michelle had just completed writing and recording Meldrum's soon-to-be-released third album Lifer with drummer Gene Hoglan, along with the group's latest additions, Michele Madden (vocals) and Laura Christine (bass). The surviving band members planned the release of the CD initially for 2009 in tribute to their fallen bandmate, but they kept the album from coming up indefinitely. On May 26, 2009, Meldrum, along with former vocalist Moa Holmsten, participated in a memorial concert in Hollywood, California, for the benefit of Michelle's family.
On November 20, 2012, Meldrum released their third and last studio album, titled Lifer, which paid tribute to Meldrum.
Other projects
Moa Holmsten was the special guest vocalist on Motörhead's 30th anniversary DVD, and recorded guest vocals for Lemmy's solo album on a song written by Dave Grohl of the Foo Fighters.
Discography
Loaded Mental Cannon (2002)
Blowin' Up the Machine (2007)
Lifer (2012)
References
External links
Official website
Official MySpace profile
Official YouTube channel
Swedish heavy metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2001
Musical groups disestablished in 2009
2001 establishments in Sweden
2009 disestablishments in Sweden
Frontiers Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meldrum |
Derick Hougaard (born 4 January 1983), more commonly known as the 'Liefling van Loftus' is a South African professional rugby union player who played for Leicester Tigers and Saracens in England. He normally played at flyhalf. Hougaard played for the Blue Bulls in the Currie Cup competition in South Africa and the Bulls in the international Super Rugby competition.
In the 2002 Currie Cup final against the Golden Lions, Hougaard broke Naas Botha's 15 year record for points scored in a Currie Cup final of 24 by scoring 26, (1 try, 2 drop goals and 5 penalties). This feat at the start of his career and his excellent goal kicking success ratio during the following years earned him the accolade "Liefling van Loftus", an Afrikaans phrase meaning the "sweetheart of Loftus Versfeld Stadium" in Pretoria. Each time Hougaard scored points for the Bulls at Loftus, the chorus of a Gé Korsten song named "Liefling" was played in the stadium.
Hougaard made his test debut at the age of 20 for the Springboks during the 2003 World Cup as a reserve during the 72 to 6 win over Uruguay at Subiaco Oval in Perth, he also scored his first international points, successful in a conversion. After resuming his role as a reserve in the next match against England, Hougaard was promoted to flyhalf for the remaining three games that South Africa played at the World Cup. At the close of the World Cup, Hougaard, with five caps to his name had produced 48 points, including two tries. In the 2003 world cup match against , Hougaard was knocked out by a legal but hard tackle from Brian Lima.
The 2007 Super 14 semi-final saw Hougaard scoring all of his side's 27 points, by means of 8 penalties and a drop goal, against the Canterbury Crusaders at Loftus Versfeld in Pretoria. This equalled Adrian Cashmore of the Auckland Blues's 1998 record for most points by an individual in a Super Rugby semi-final. This victory was historic since it set up the first ever Super Rugby final between two South African teams. The 2007 Super 14 season was also a personal best in Hougaard's Super Rugby career, having scored 161 points in 14 matches.
In 2008, Hougaard signed for Leicester Tigers rejoining previous Blue Bulls coach Heyneke Meyer as a replacement for Andy Goode who had moved to CA Brive. He made his début against Bath in October 2008.
In 2009, Hougaard signed for Saracens.
In June 2023, Hougaard was hospitalised in a coma after experiencing inflammation of the lungs.
References
External links
Tigers profile
Derick Hougaard on bluebulls.co.za
Currie Cup Individual Records on superrugby.co.za
Super 14 Records on superrugby.co.za
South African rugby union players
Afrikaner people
South African people of Danish descent
South Africa international rugby union players
Bulls (rugby union) players
Blue Bulls players
Rugby union fly-halves
1983 births
Living people
People from Cederberg Local Municipality
University of Pretoria alumni
Leicester Tigers players
Rugby union players from the Western Cape
2003 Rugby World Cup players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derick%20Hougaard |
Sujud Sutrisno (September 22, 1953 – January 15, 2018) was a street musician or busker from Yogyakarta, Indonesia. He calls himself "kendhang tunggal", which means "solo drummer". His music is based on his handheld drum complemented by his vocal.
Biography
Sujud was born in 1953 into a family of artists. His father, Wirosuwito, was a cokekan (dance show) artist, and an expert in Karawitan from Klaten. Due to financial difficulties, Wirosuwito was forced to become street musician/busker, specialising in uyon-uyon (Javanese traditional songs and chants).
Sujud learned Karawitan from Wirosuwito. Sujud realised that his favorite instrument was the kendang (drum), so he decided to specialise in drumming.
Sujud became a street singer to pay his way through school. Though he did not complete junior high school, he was eager to learn. He has been making money singing and playing percussion since the 1960s.
Sujud does not consider himself a street singer. Rather, he refers to himself as 'a door-to-door tax collector'. This is because, usually, he would go from one house to another, singing, hoping for the kindness of the residents. His great talent proves to be an enjoyable form of entertainment rather than annoyance, and hence the residents always respond positively to his music. When he goes busking from door to door, children from the neighbourhood would follow him everywhere he goes, and watch him. He is highly respected by other street musicians and artists. He said that the main difficulty in his musical career is the tropical rain, which prevents him to do his door-to-door work, as it is difficult to play the drum and hold an umbrella at the same time.
Like a true Javanese, Sujud believes in the Javanese philosophy trimo ing pandum or accepting one's destiny. His fate, his says, is in God's hands. At the end of a performance, he never expects to be paid, but accepts what people want to give.
Sujud took the name Sutrisno only in adulthood, as is the Javanese custom.
Today, he lives alone in a rented house somewhere in Notoyudan, Yogyakarta. Since the death of his wife Swakidah, he has done all the housework himself but buys his meals from food stalls. He keeps to a "tight" schedule: singing 20 days a month and taking it easy the rest of the time.
Music characteristics
As a soloist, drumming is not all about money for him, but also a spiritual endeavor. His concept is to make his music as stress reliever.
Sujud differs from other street singers in that he rearranges pop songs, mostly from the 1970s. He likes to make people laugh and often parodies popular songs.
His unique and rich music is simply based on a combination of his vocal and hand drumming. His performance is characterised by a continuous medley of pop song parody in Javanese and Indonesian language. Although the medley is played as a continuum, a syncopated drum motif is always played to mark a beginning of a new song. His performance is always totally improvised, and he never sings the same song twice. The improvised lyrics of his songs come out spontaneously, consisting of parodies, jokes, satire, social criticism, and sometimes vulgarity. He said that he expresses the lamentation of the commoners.
His voice has the characteristics of Javanese vocal technique. His drums beat in syncopated four-beat rhythms.
Works and discography
Street Music of Java, original music, recorded 1976–1978. This album is sold in the U.S. and Europe, however, the musicians (including Sujud) do not receive any royalties from the record label.
Live in Bantul (2001) by Blass record
Honors, awards and participation
Performed in Mass Rally in Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat in front of Sultan Hamengkubuwono X, 20 May 1998
Kua Etnika, a music group headed by Jaduk Ferianto, honored Sujud by naming him Indonesia's "greatest street singer."
Performer in First Indonesian International Drum Festival
Live solo concert in Bantul, 25 April 2001
Performer in 7th Yogyakarta Gamelan Festival (2002)
External links
Bernas
1953 births
2018 deaths
Buskers
Indonesian drummers
Musicians from Yogyakarta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sujud%20Sutrisno |
The Stemonaceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Pandanales. The family consists of four genera with ca 37 known species distributed in areas with seasonal climate across Southeast Asia and tropical Australia. One native species is found in the United States. In earlier systems the family was called Roxburghiaceae, after Roxburghia, now Stemona.
Description
The stems may be erect or trailing, green or yellow-green, or sometimes reddish. Leaves are dark green and also alternate in the majority of the members. Flowers are borne in short cymes, arising from the lower parts of the plant. Seeds are ellipsoidal or globular in shape.
As in other members of the Pandanales, the flower morphology in the Stemonaceae is distinctive and rather atypical for monocots, whose floral anatomy is three-parted (trimerous). In the majority of Stemonaceae species, flowers are composed of four identical parts, i.e., tetramerous, or sometimes dimerous (two-parted). Four stamens are present. In most of the members, tepals are four. They are smooth or sometimes papillate, which may be due to the fact that the papillae function as odour-producing structures (osmophores). In Pentastemona, the flowers are pentamerous (five-parted) and the number of stamens is five. Microsporogenesis is successive, as with the majority of monocots. Flower colours include shades of purple, maroon, green, or yellow. They attract pollinators by resembling carrion, and sometimes emit a similar odour — flies visiting the flowers serve as pollinators.
Taxonomy
The Stemonaceae, also referred to as the Roxburghiaceae, were once placed in a separate order, the Stemonales, or the Dioscoreales, sister order to the Pandanales. Also Croomia had been treated within its own family, Croomiaceae.
The family Stemonaceae is sister to other two families in the Pandanales that together form a clade - these are Cyclanthaceae and Pandanaceae.
Pentastemona diverged first from the family, so is a sister clade to the rest of it. Actually, the genus demonstrates characteristics rather more different from other members of the Stemonaceae. In earlier classifications, it was placed in its own family. However, Stemona is sister to the other two genera that together form a clade. The family appears in Late Cretaceous - around 84 Mya, although the stem group diverged earlier in the same period - 108 Mya.
Ecology
The Stemonaceae contain various herbaceous plants, many of which are crawling or climbing species preferring moist or dry tropical habitats. They form underground organs as spindle-shaped rhizomes used for reservation of nutrients.
Uses
The family contains plants with various therapeutical and other uses in places such as China, Laos, Japan, Thailand, and others. Some members are used for making an insecticide. In Laos, people use them against fleas and lice by making an infusion which they drink to make their blood poisonous. Plants from the family are used for the preparation of a fish poison. Others play a role in folk medicine and are valued for their antibacterial, antitussive, antifungal, and other properties against lung or skin diseases.
References
Bibliography
Stemonaceaein L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards),
Pentastemonaceae in L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards), The families of flowering plants
External links
Flora of China: Stemonaceae
Flora of North America: Stemonaceae
CSDL, Texas: Stemonaceae
Comparative Vegetative Anatomy of the Stemonaceae (Roxburghiaceae). 1968
Monocot families | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemonaceae |
Le Kremlin–Bicêtre () is a station of the Paris Métro, serving the Villejuif branch of Line 7.
History
Le Kremlin–Bicêtre opened on 10 December 1982 following an extension from Maison Blanche and served as the southern terminus of the new branch of line 7 until 28 February 1985 when it was extended to Villejuif Louis Aragon.
This station's noticeable name, often confused with the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation, is actually the name of the commune it is located in. It is derived from a tavern "Au sergent du Kremlin", a meeting place for French war veterans around 1813, and Bicêtre, an alteration of Winchester, England, the bishop who has owned property here.
In 2019, the station was used by 4,062,243 passengers, making it the 112th busiest of the Métro network out of 302 stations.
In 2020, the station was used by 2,244,686 passengers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, making it the 103rd busiest of the Métro network out of 305 stations.
Passenger services
Access
The station has 2 entrances:
Entrance 1: Avenue de Fontainebleau / Avenue Eugène Thomas Hôpital de Bicêtre
Entrance 2: Avenue de Fontainebleau
Station layout
Platforms
Le Kremlin–Bicêtre has a standard configuration with 2 tracks separated by 2 side platforms and surmounted by a mezzanine. The name of the station is written in Parisine font on enamelled plates. Lighting is provided by suspended luminous globes. Small ceramic tiles of a white and red colour, placed vertically, cover the walls as well as the tunnel exits. The furniture is in the Motte style in a red colour.
Other connections
The station is also served by lines 47, 131, 185, and 323 of the RATP bus network, by line v7 of the Valouette bus network, and at night, by lines N15 and N22 of the Noctilien bus network.
Nearby
Centre commercial Okabé
Cimetière du Kremlin-Bicêtre
Hôpital Bicêtre
Gallery
References
Paris Métro stations in Le Kremlin-Bicêtre
Railway stations in France opened in 1982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Kremlin%E2%80%93Bic%C3%AAtre%20station |
Pierre-Emmanuel Dalcin (born 15 February 1977 in Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne, Savoie) is a French Alpine skier.
Dalcin was French Champion in Downhill 2000. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Dalcin was leading the Super-G competition before it was stopped. In the 2nd run, he was disqualified.
Results
Winter Olympics
2002 in Salt Lake City, USA
Downhill: 11º
2006 in Turin, Italy
Downhill: 11º
Worldwide Competitions
2001 in Sankt Anton am Arlberg, Austria
Super Giant: 9º
Downhill: 15º
2003 in St. Moritz, Switzerland
Downhill: 15º
2005 in Bormio, Italy
Downhill: 31º
Super Giant: 32º
2007 in Åre, Sweden
Downhill: 19º
2009 in Val d'Isère, France
Downhill: 18º
Super Giant: 22º
World Cup
General Classification - World Cup
1999-2000: 87º
2000-2001: 55º
2001-2002: 36º
2002-2003: 62º
2003-2004: 58º
2004-2005: 100º
2005-2006: 77°
2006-2007: 35°
2007-2008: 85°
2008-2009: 85º
2009-2010: 141º
World Cup victories
External links
pe-dalcin.com official
1977 births
Living people
People from Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
Alpine skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
French male alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers for France
Sportspeople from Savoie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Emmanuel%20Dalcin |
Viking is the second and final studio album by the American punk rock band Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards. It was released on July 13, 2004 via Hellcat Records. The album peaked at #17 on the Independent Albums and #18 on the Heatseekers Albums.
Track listing
Personnel
Lars Frederiksen - vocals, guitar
Craig Fairbaugh - rhythm guitar, vocals
Jason Woods - bass, vocals
Gordy Carbone - vocals
Scott Abels - drums
Tim Armstrong - vocals (track 11), guitar (track 16), backing vocals, producer, additional engineer, photography, artwork
Robert Aston - vocals (track 5)
Chris Dugan - backing vocals, assistant engineer
Brett Reed - backing vocals
Dan Hodge - backing vocals
Lochlan McHale - backing vocals
Matt Freeman - mandolin
Carl Wheeler - Wurlitzer electric piano & Hammond B-3 organ (track 16)
Alen C. Agadhzhanyan - strings & violin (track 16)
Dave Carlock - Hammond B-3 organ (track 11), additional engineer
Michael Rosen - engineer
Alex Reverberi - assistant engineer
Tim Baker - mastering
Brett Gurewitz - mixing
Tom D. Kline - artwork
Rachel Tejada - artwork
Tim Lehi - illustration
Charts
Release history
References
External links
2004 albums
Hellcat Records albums
Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking%20%28album%29 |
Kristin Fraser (born February 29, 1980) is an American former competitive ice dancer who competed for Azerbaijan with Igor Lukanin. They teamed up in 2000 and became four-time Azerbaijani national champions. They represented Azerbaijan at the 2002 Winter Olympics and 2006 Winter Olympics. Fraser and Lukanin were married on December 31, 2010 in Montclair, New Jersey.
Fraser previously competed for the United States. She skated with Peter Kongkasem for four years until 1996 when he took a break from skating due to health issues and Jonathan Nichols.
Competitive highlights
For the United States
With Kongkasem
With Nichols
With Lukanin for Azerbaijan
Programs
(with Lukanin)
References
External links
Official site
1980 births
Figure skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Living people
Sportspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area
Azerbaijani female ice dancers
Olympic figure skaters for Azerbaijan
Azerbaijani people of American descent
American emigrants to Azerbaijan
American female ice dancers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristin%20Fraser |
Kurtis may refer to:
People
Bill Kurtis, American television journalist
Frank Kurtis (1908–1987), American car-builder and founder of Kurtis Kraft
Mesut Kurtis, Macedonian Islamic singer of Turkish descent
Kurtis Conner, Canadian comedian and YouTuber
Kurtis Rowe, New Zealand Rugby League player
Kurtis Blow, American Rapper
Fictional characters
Kurtis Trent from the Tomb Raider: The Angel of Darkness game
Kurtis, a recurring character in the Disgaea: Hour of Darkness and Disgaea 2: Cursed Memories games
Kurtis Stryker from the Mortal Kombat series of video games
See also
Curtis (disambiguation) (includes Curtiss)
Kurti (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtis |
A mustard plaster is a poultice of mustard seed powder spread inside a protective dressing and applied to the body to stimulate healing. It can be used to warm muscle tissues and for chronic aches and pains. It was once part of conventional medical treatment, and available in prepared versions in pharmacies. It fell from favor in the 20th century and is now used only as a home remedy.
Uses
Mustard plasters were used for aches and pains, including rheumatism, arthritis, and sore muscles. It was also used for chest congestion.
Side effects
If left in place for too long, it can produce first-degree burns to the skin.
Vapors might cause nausea.
See also
Mustard bath
Fanny Crosby, possibly blinded as an infant by mustard plasters
Mustard plaster
References
Further reading
Traditional medicine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustard%20plaster |
Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards is the eponymous debut studio album by the American punk rock band Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards. It was released on March 20, 2001 via Hellcat Records. The album peaked at #26 on the Independent Albums and #49 on the Heatseekers Albums.
All of the songs were written by lead singer/guitarist Lars Frederiksen and his Rancid bandmate Tim Armstrong, with the exception of two covers, Billy Bragg's "To Have and to Have Not" and Eddie Holland's "Leavin Here". "Campbell, CA" borrows the melody from white power skinhead band Skrewdriver's version of "Tomorrow Belongs to Me", which originally appeared in the album Hail the New Dawn.
The song "Dead American" was used by wrestler Vampiro as his entrance music on his independent circuit.
Track listing
Personnel
Lars Frederiksen - songwriter, vocals, lead guitar, rhythm guitar, slide guitar
Jason Woods - bass
Gordy Carbone - backing vocals
Scott Abels - drums, percussion
Tim Armstrong - songwriter, additional guitar (track 11), producer, mixing engineer
Dave Carlock - mixing engineer
Gene Grimaldi - mastering
Jesse Fischer - artwork
Meagan Frederiksen - photography
Brody Dalle - front cover photo
Alicia Burwell - back cover photo
Charts
Release history
References
External links
2001 debut albums
Hellcat Records albums
Lars Frederiksen and the Bastards albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars%20Frederiksen%20and%20the%20Bastards%20%28album%29 |
Paweł Hulka-Laskowski (25 June 1881 – 29 October 1946) was a Polish writer, translator, journalist and social worker.
He was born in Żyrardów in working class, Protestant family of Czech ancestry. His parents were textile factory workers. In 1903 he enrolled to the University of Heidelberg. After his return to Poland, he settled with his wife Kazimiera and daughter Elżbieta in Grodzisk Mazowiecki. In June 1910 Hulka-Laskowski and his wife were arrested by Tsarist Russian authorities, being accused on complicity in the assassination attempt of a local Russian gendarmerie commander. After their release from prison they moved to Żyrardów.
In the interwar period, Hulka-Laskowski contributed to many newspapers and magazines, such as Bluszcz, Echo Literacko-Artystyczne, Sfinks, Myśl Niepodległa, Wiadomości Literackie and Jednota. He was a prolific translator, translating i.a. the works of Karel Čapek, Božena Němcová, Jonathan Swift, James Fenimore Cooper, Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Ernst Kretschmer, Emil Ludwig and Roger Martin du Gard. He is most known for the Polish translation of Jaroslav Hašek's The Good Soldier Švejk.
He died in a hospital in Cieszyn from a brain stroke, and was buried at the Evangelical Lutheran cemetery, Cieszyn.
Works
1927 Porucznik Regier (Lieutenant Regier)
1934 Mój Żyrardów (My Żyrardów)
1938 Śląsk za Olzą (Silesia Behind Olza)
1946 Księżyc nad Cieszynem (Moon over Cieszyn)
References
Snoch, Bogdan, Górnośląski Leksykon Biograficzny. Suplement do wydania drugiego. Katowice: Silesian Museum, 2006, p. 50–51.
1881 births
1946 deaths
People from Żyrardów
Polish male writers
Polish translators
20th-century translators
Polish Calvinist and Reformed Christians
Polish people of Czech descent
Translators from Czech
20th-century Polish journalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pawe%C5%82%20Hulka-Laskowski |
The Pólya Prize is a prize in mathematics, awarded by the London Mathematical Society. Second only to the triennial De Morgan Medal in prestige among the society's awards, it is awarded in the years that are not divisible by three – those in which the De Morgan Medal is not awarded. First given in 1987, the prize is named after Hungarian mathematician George Pólya, who was a member of the society for over 60 years.
The prize is awarded "in recognition of outstanding creativity in, imaginative exposition of, or distinguished contribution to, mathematics within the United Kingdom".
It cannot be given to anyone who has previously received the De Morgan Medal.
List of winners
1987 John Horton Conway
1988 C. T. C. Wall
1990 Graeme B. Segal
1991 Ian G. Macdonald
1993 David Rees
1994 David Williams
1996 David Edmunds
1997 John Hammersley
1999 Simon Donaldson
2000 Terence Lyons
2002 Nigel Hitchin
2003 Angus Macintyre
2005 Michael Berry
2006 Peter Swinnerton-Dyer
2008 David Preiss
2009 Roger Heath-Brown
2011 E. Brian Davies
2012 Dan Segal
2014 Miles Reid
2015 Boris Zilber
2017 Alex Wilkie
2018 Karen Vogtmann
2020 Martin W. Liebeck
2021 Ehud Hrushovski
See also
List of mathematics awards
References
List of LMS prize winners London Mathematical Society
The Pólya Prize of the London Mathematical Society MacTutor History of Mathematics
British awards
Awards established in 1987
Awards of the London Mathematical Society | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lya%20Prize%20%28LMS%29 |
A waste container, also known as a dustbin, garbage can, and trash can, is a type of container that is usually made out of metal or plastic. The words "rubbish", "basket" and "bin" are more common in British English usage; "trash" and "can" are more common in American English usage. "Garbage" may refer to food waste specifically (when distinguished from "trash") or to municipal solid waste in general.
Designs
Trash cans are typically made of steel or plastic (most commonly polyethylene), although some are made of wood or wicker.
A pedal bin is a container with a lid operated by a foot pedal. Lillian Moller Gilbreth, an industrial engineer and efficiency expert, invented the pedal bin in the 1920s for the disposal of kitchen waste. The foot pedal enables the user to open the lid without touching it with their hands.
In the 2010s, some bins have begun to include automated mechanisms such as a lid with infrared detection on the top of the can powered by batteries to open it rather than a foot pedal, freeing the user from touching the bin in any way. This helps prevent the bin lids becoming clogged with trash. These wastes containers are mostly made of stainless steel. Some bin models also include a small receptable for an air freshener.
Origins
French
Legislation surrounding waste receptacles was first introduced in France in an 1883 prefectural order signed by Eugène Poubelle, from whose name the French word for a waste receptacle comes. This order mandated the provision and collection of waste bins to each household in Paris. These bins were specified as having to be between 80 and 120 litres in volume and having a handle and a lid. Three waste bins were to be allocated to each household in order to sort refuse from reclaimable fibres such as paper and cloth and other reusable materials like ceramics, glasses and oyster shells.
English
Legislation setting out the responsibilities for the provision and collection of "receptacles for the temporary deposit and collection of dust ashes and rubbish" by local authorities in Britain was first set out in the Public Health Act 1875. However, this did not mandate the use of them, leaving the decision to offer the service to local government instead.
Household collection
In many cities and towns, there is a public waste collection service which regularly collects household waste from outside buildings. The waste is loaded into a garbage truck and driven to a landfill, incinerator or crush facility to be disposed of.
In some areas, each household has multiple bins for different categories of rubbish (usually represented by colours) depending on its suitability for recycling, which will instead be routed to a recycling center.
Roadside waste collection is often done by means of larger metal containers of varying designs, mostly called dumpsters in the US, and skips in the UK. However the functionality dumpsters and skips are somewhat different: while a skip is intended to be loaded onto a vehicle and transported, the contents of a dumpster are emptied into a garbage truck on site and the dumpster remains and its designated location.
Public collection
Public areas such as parks, often have litter bins placed to improve the social environment by encouraging people not to litter. Such bins in outdoor locations or other busy public areas are usually mounted to the ground or wall to discourage theft, and reduce vandalism, and to improve their appearance are sometimes deliberately artistic or cute. In dense urban areas, trash is stored underground below the receptacle. Many are lined with a plastic or paper bin bag to help contain liquids.
Metaphors
The term "garbage can" is also used for a model of decision making, the "Garbage Can Model" of decision making. It is concerned with cases of decision making in great aggregate uncertainty which can cause decisions to arise that from a distant point of view might seem irrational.
A "trash can" metaphor is often used in computer operating system desktop environments as a place files can be moved for deletion.
In a workplace setting, a bin may be euphemistically called "the circular file", "the round file" or "the janitor's file". Whereas useful documents are filed in a filing cabinet, which is rectangular, junk mail and other worthless items are "filed" in the bin, which is often round.
The term "wastebasket" is occasionally used in taxonomy to refer to less formal (and often paraphyletic) groupings that pose problems in classification (e.g., the proposed order Insectivora is considered a "wastebasket taxon", as it groups small mammals that do not fit nicely into other taxa), and the Nilo-Saharan language family is sometimes called "Greenberg's wastebasket", as it was a grouping made by him to fit the languages of Africa that did not fall into the other groups, Afroasiatic, Niger–Congo and Khoisan.
Examples
See also
Bin bug
Clever Bins
Compost
Pot farming
Push the Talking Trash Can
Recycling bin
Roll-off (dumpster)
Waste management
Oscar the Grouch
References
External links
Example of Waste Design for Recycling in Public Spaces
Recycling
Street furniture
Waste containers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste%20container |
{{Infobox person
| name = Ally Fowler
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| birth_place = Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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| othername = Ally Fowler
| occupation = Actress, singer
| known_for = Sons and Daughters as Angela Hamilton (327 episodes)
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Alexandra "Ally" Fowler (born 6 December 1961) is an Australian actress and singer. She is known for her roles as Angela Hamilton in Sons and Daughters (1982–84) and Zoe Davis in Neighbours (1986); both series were produced by the Grundy Organisation, and in 1985, she was cast in another Grundy serial, Possession, just before that series was cancelled.
As a singer, Fowler is known as one of the four female vocalists of the band Chantoozies (1986–91), which had top 10 hits with a cover version of "Witch Queen" in 1987 and an original track, "Wanna Be Up" in 1988. Their debut self-titled album peaked at No. 8 on the ARIA Albums Chart in September 1988. After the group disbanded Fowler returned to acting, with roles in Big Sky (1997), All Saints (2005–07) and Wentworth (2013–14). From 2012 she has also participated in reunion gigs by Chantoozies.
Career
Alexandra Fowler had small roles in The Young Doctors and Sara Dane, before coming to prominence playing Angela Hamilton in Sons and Daughters. She joined the cast of Neighbours as Zoe Davis in 1986, after being approached by the Grundy Organisation. After deciding not to extend her contract with the serial, Fowler departed in September 1986. She also played a regular role in soap Possession (1985) and was a regular lead in Big Sky (1997) alongside actor Gary Sweet. She also appeared in The Flying Doctors and Frankie's House.
On 24 August 2001, she appeared on the Australian-American science fiction series Farscape in the episode "Fractures" as the voice of Orrhn. From 15 November 2005 to 2007, she played the recurring role of Eve Ballantyne on the Australian drama series All Saints.
From June 2013, Fowler began appearing in season one of Wentworth as Simone "Simmo" Slater and carried on right up until season 2 episode 6. However, she did make a cameo again in season 3 episode 12. Fowler rejoined the cast of Neighbours in late 2015 as Nene Williams.
In 2022, Fowler joined mini series Riptide.
Filmography
Music career
Fowler was one of four female vocalists in the 1980s Australian pop music band, Chantoozies (1986–91), which also included David Reyne. The other three females were Tottie Goldsmith, Eve von Bibra and Angelica La Bozzetta. Their first single was a number-four hit with a cover version of "Witch Queen" (March 1987). The group had success with other singles including a number-six hit with "Wanna Be Up" (May 1988), and top 40 peaks for "He's Gonna Step on You Again" (June 1987, No. 36), "Kiss 'n' Tell" (August 1988, No. 25) and "Love the One You're With" (March 1991, No. 21). They also issued two albums, Chantoozies (September 1988, No. 8) and Gild the Lily'' (April 1991, No. 71).
From 2012, Chantoozies have performed reunion gigs and released a single, "Baby It's You", in April 2014.
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
Australian women pop singers
Australian film actresses
Australian soap opera actresses
Chantoozies members
20th-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian actresses
20th-century Australian women singers
21st-century Australian women singers
People educated at Wilderness School | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ally%20Fowler |
The First Professional Football League (), commonly known as Parva Liga or Bulgarian First League (currently known as the efbet League for sponsorship reasons), is a professional association football league, being the top tier of Bulgarian football league system. Contested by 16 teams, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Second Professional Football League.
The Bulgarian football championship was inaugurated in 1924 as the Bulgarian State Football Championship and has been played in a league format since 1948, when the A Group was established. The champions of the First League have the right to participate in the qualifying rounds of the UEFA Champions League based on the league's European coefficient. Additionally, two UEFA Europa Conference League spots are allocated to the second team in the final standings and the winner of the European playoffs. A further fourth spot may also be granted to the fourth placed team in the final league ranking, given that the Bulgarian Cup holder has finished among the top three teams at the end of the season.
A total of 74 clubs have competed in the Bulgarian top-tier since its establishment. Since 1948, eleven different teams have been crowned champions of Bulgaria. The three most successful clubs are CSKA Sofia with 31 titles, Levski Sofia with 26 titles and Ludogorets Razgrad with 11 titles. The current champions Ludogorets Razgrad won their eleventh consecutive title in their eleventh First League season in 2021–22. Historically, the competition has been dominated by Sofia-based teams. Together they have won a total number of 70 titles.
History
Foundation
The first football championship in Bulgaria was held in 1924 as a knockout tournament. It was organised by the Bulgarian National Sports Federation (BNSF). The six inaugural teams were Vladislav Varna, Orel Vratsa, Levski Sofia, Krakra Pernik, Pobeda Plovdiv and Chernomorets Burgas, each having won and representing its regional sports federation, called sportna federatsiya. The championship was abandoned, because of a dispute between Vladislav and Levski over the replay of the final game. In the following 1925 season, SK Vladislav became the first champion of Bulgaria. The championship was reorganised for three seasons, from season 1937–38 to 1939–40, ten teams participated in a round-robin tournament, called the National Football Division.
A Republican Football Group
The inaugural season of the A Republican Football Group began in the autumn of 1948. The ten teams participating in the league were Levski, Septemvri, Lokomotiv, Slavia and Spartak from the capital city Sofia, and Botev Varna, Botev Burgas, Slavia Plovdiv, Marek Stanke Dimitrov, Benkovski in a spring-autumn cycle like in the Soviet Union. In the autumn of 1949, qualification tournaments were played to determine the teams that would play in the next 1950 season. In the next two seasons the number of teams in the league was increased to 12, and for the 1953 season there were 15 teams (the 16th team was the Bulgaria national team). In seasons 1954 and 1955 there were 14 teams in the league, and in seasons 1956 and 1957 there were 10.
In 1958, the championship was again stopped after the spring half-season, as had happened in 1948. New re-organizations were accepted and the league was again going to be played in the autumn-spring format. Despite the fact that the teams had played just 1 match, CDNA was crowned as the champion of Bulgaria.
The frequent changes in the number of teams in A Group continued in the 1960s. In the first two seasons after the reforms in 1958, the number of teams in the league was 12, in the period 1960–1962 – 14, until season 1967/68, when the teams were 16.
There were new reforms at the end of the 1960s. There were many mergers between Bulgarian clubs. The most-famous are between CSKA Red Flag and Septemvri Sofia in CSKA September Flag, the capital teams Levski and Spartak in Levski-Spartak, Lokomotiv and Slavia in Slavia, the Plovdiv teams Botev, Spartak and Academic in Trakiya. Mergers happened between other Bulgarian clubs too. These mergers between clubs and reforms in A Group were made at the winter break of the 1968/69 season.
After the winter reforms in 1968 until 2000, A Group remained with 16 teams, except in seasons 1971/72 and 1972/73, when 18 teams competed in the league.
Premier Professional Football League
The Bulgarian Football Union decided to make reforms. The Premier Professional Football League, created in the autumn of 2000, had 14 teams participating in it. At the end of the 2000/01 season, the last two teams were directly relegated to the lower division and the team that finished 12th had the chance to compete in the promotion/relegation play-off for the remaining place in the league. Levski Sofia became champions in the first season of the Premier League.
In the 2001/02 season there was experimentation with the regulations. The championship was divided into two phases. In the first phase the teams played a regular season, each team playing twice against all the others, once home and once away. The second phase was a play-off phase.
In the following season, 2002/03, the championship returned to the regulations of 2000/01 – 14 teams playing in a home and away format. For the first time in 6 years, CSKA Sofia became champions.
A Group
The Bulgarian A Professional Football Group was created in 2003. The group was formed by 16 teams, each playing twice against all the others, once home and once away. In the first season of the newly created A Group, the 2003–04 season, for the first time in history, Lokomotiv Plovdiv became champions, finishing with 75 points. In 2004–05, CSKA Sofia won A Group for the 30th time.
For the next two seasons, Levski Sofia were champions under manager Stanimir Stoilov. From 2005–06 the league's name has been A Football Group. In 2007–08, CSKA became champions of A Group for a record-breaking 31st time without a loss out of 30 matches. But in the summer, UEFA didn't give a licence for the club to play in the UEFA Champions League qualifying rounds and Levski Sofia entered to play in the tournament instead of CSKA. In the following season Levski Sofia won their last A Group title, finishing one point ahead of CSKA. Later on, two years in a row Litex Lovech won another two titles like in 1997–98 and 1998–99. In 2011–12, after winning promotion from B Group, Ludogorets Razgrad became the second team after Litex to win the A Group in their first season.
The Bulgarian Football Union made some changes in the format of A Group prior to season 2013–14 with the reduction of the number of the teams participating in the top league from 16 to 14 and the reintroduction of the two phase league with a regular season and a playoff/play out phase. For the 2014–15 season, the league was once more decreased, this time to 12 teams, keeping the two phase format. This season was memorable since two of the most popular and successful clubs, CSKA Sofia and Lokomotiv Sofia, were both excluded from the league, despite finishing in the top 5 places. Both teams had accumulated debts and did not have the financial resources to pay them, so the BFU decided to take away their professional licenses. This was the first time in the history of the A Group that CSKA was relegated. For the 2015–16 season, the BFU decided to further decrease the number of teams competing, this time to just 10, with a quadruple round robin format introduced, a format used in the Croatian First Football League and Albanian Kategoria Superiore.
First Professional Football League
On 7 June 2016 the league's name was changed to First Professional Football League, following approval of new licensing criteria for the clubs. The new league name also came with a new format change, the fourth such in the last four seasons. A total of 14 teams would compete, and the season would consist of two phases, a regular season phase, where each team plays each other team twice, followed by a playoff phase, where the top six teams from the regular season compete for the title as well as European competition spots, while the remaining eight teams would compete for avoiding relegation to the Second League. This format was used from 2016 up until 2021.
In 2021, the BFU decided to once more change the format of the league. This time, the league would still consist of a regular season stage where teams compete against each other twice, but then the league would split into three phases. The top six clubs would again compete for the title and European spots, while teams ranked 7-10 at the end of the regular season would play in the Europa Conference Group, with the 7th placed team competing against the 4th placed team from the Championship group for a UEFA Europa Conference League spot. The bottom four teams would compete to avoid relegation. This format lasted only one season, however, as the league was expanded to 16 teams for the 2022–23 season. The three phases were kept identical though, with the exception being that six teams would compete in the relegation group instead of four.
Competition format
Starting from the 2022–23 season, a new league format was approved by the Bulgarian Football Union, in an attempt to improve each participating club's competitiveness, match attendance and performance in the league. It involves 16 teams playing in two phases, a regular season and playoffs. The first phase includes each club competing against every other team twice in a double round-robin system, on a home-away basis at a total of 30 games per team and played in 30 fixtures. Eight matches are played in every fixture at a total of 240 games played during the first phase. In the second phase, the top six teams form a European qualifying table, while between the 7th and 10th places will battle European Conference League play-off and bottom six teams participate in a relegation group. The winner of the top group is declared as Champions of Bulgaria and is awarded with the title.
International qualification
The six top teams compete against each other on a home-away basis. Three matches are played in every fixture of the top six, with the results and points after the regular season also included. At the end of the stage, every team will have played a total of 36 games. The winner of the group is declared as Champions of Bulgaria and automatically secures participation in the UEFA Champions League second qualifying round. The team that ranks second is awarded with a place in the UEFA Europa League qualifying rounds. The third team in the final standings would participate in a play-off match against a representative team from the bottom eight. Depending on the winner of the Bulgarian Cup final, a possible fourth team from the first six may compete in a play-off match for an UEFA Europa League spot instead of the third ranked team.
Note: If the Bulgarian Cup winner has secured its qualification for the European tournaments for the next season through results from Parva Liga, then the place in the UEFA Europa League play-off is awarded to the fourth ranked team in the final standings.
Relegation
The teams in the bottom eight are split in two sub-groups of four teams, Group A and Group B, depending on their final position after the regular season standings. The teams that enter Group A are the 7th, 10th, 11th and the 14th, and the teams that participate in Group B are the 8th, 9th, 12th and the 13th. Every participant plays twice against the other three teams in their group on a home-away basis. The teams from the bottom eight also compete with the results from the regular season. After the group stages, every team will have played a total number of 32 games. Depending on their final position in Group A and Group B, two sections will be formed, one for a play-off spot in next season's European competitions and one to avoid relegation. The first two teams from each group continue in the semi-finals, and the last two teams of each group continue to the semi-finals for a relegation match. After this phase, one team is directly relegated to the Second League and the remaining two teams will compete in two relegation matches against the second and the third ranked clubs from the Second League.
Tiebreakers
In case of a tie on points between two or more clubs, tiebreakers are applied in the following order:
Number of wins;
Goal difference;
Goals for;
Goals against;
Fewest red cards;
Fewest yellow cards;
Draw
Current clubs
The following clubs are competing in the First League during the 2023–24 season.
List of champions
Performance by club
Bold indicates clubs which play in the 2022–23 First League.
Notes:
CSKA Sofia titles include those won as Septemvri pri CDNV, CDNA, and CFKA Sredets.
Levski Sofia titles include those won as Levski-Spartak and Vitosha, as well as the re-awarded 1984–85 title.
Botev Plovdiv total does not include 1984–85 title originally awarded to Trakia.
All-time ranking (since 1948)
The all-time Parva Liga table is an overall record of all match results, points and goals for each team that has participated in the league since its inception in 1948. It also shows every team's number of top three finishes, their best classification, debut season and current spell in Parva Liga, or the season they were last part of the championship.
Key
a. Never relegated.
b. Never relegated, withdrawn with political decision during the 1950 season, due to league reogranisation.
c. Club dissolved in 2006, successor clubs PSFC Chernomorets Burgas and FC Chernomorets 1919 Burgas were founded in 2005 and 2015.
d. Won the championship each season they've been in Parva Liga.
e. Club dissolved in 2003, successor clubs FC Etar 1924 Veliko Tarnovo and later SFC Etar Veliko Tarnovo were founded in 2002 and 2013.
f. Club dissolved in 2014 and refounded in 2018. successor club FC Shumen 1929 was founded 2013 and dissolved in 2016.
g. Club only supports a youth academy.
h. Club dissolved in 2012, successor clubs FC Lokomotiv 1929 Mezdra and OFC Lokomotiv Mezdra were founded in 2011 and 2012.
Bulgarian derbies
The Eternal Derby
The Eternal Derby of Bulgarian football is contested between the two most successful and most popular football clubs in Bulgaria, CSKA Sofia and Levski Sofia.
Plovdiv derby
The Plovdiv derby is contested between Botev and Lokomotiv.
Media coverage
For the start of the new 2012–13 season, the football clubs rejected requests from four TV stations due to the low payments being offered – Bulgarian National Television, Nova Television, TV7 and TV+. Finally after the first set of fixtures, the satellite broadcaster Bulsatcom with its channel TV+ bought the rights, along with BNT. Before the start of the spring half-season the rights were bought by TV7 and News7, who had rights for the first, third and fourth pick, and BNT 1 along with the international channel BNT World broadcasting the second pick of a match.
The next seasons will also be broadcast on the Nova Broadcasting Group channels Diema, Diema Sport and Diema Sport 2, part of the Diema Extra paid pack, as their contract with the league was additionally extended.
Sponsorship
Until 2011 the official sponsor of the championship was TBI Credit and the league was officially known as TBI A Football Group.
In 2011–12, A Group had a new sponsor, the Victoria FATA Insurance, and therefore the league name in that season was rebranded to Victoria A Football Championship.
In early 2013, for a short period of time the naming rights of A Group were bought from the news television network News7, eventually renaming the competition's name to NEWS7 Football Championship.
On 11 July 2019, the Bulgarian Football Union announced that the football division's name had been changed to efbet League, following a two-year sponsorship deal with a betting company of the same name.
Statistics
UEFA coefficients
The following data indicates Bulgarian coefficient rankings between European football leagues.
Country ranking
UEFA League Ranking as of the end of 2022-23 season:
25. (27) Nemzeti Bajnokság I (20.625)
26. (25) Liga I (20.500)
27. (24) First Professional Football League (20.000)
28. (30) Slovak Super Liga (19.750)
29. (26) Azerbaijan Premier League (16.625)
Club ranking
UEFA 5-year Club Ranking as of 29 May 2021:
78. (70) Ludogorets Razgrad (21.000)
114. (129) CSKA Sofia (13.000)
242. (287) Lokomotiv Plovdiv (5.500)
278. (292) Levski Sofia (4.500)
316. (292) Slavia Sofia (4.000)
316. (292) Botev Plovdiv (4.000)
Managers
The following is a table of all current Parva Liga head coaches and managers, and the time they've spent working with their respective clubs.
Records
All-time league appearances
All-time top scorers
Other records
Youngest player to appear in the league – Radoslav Uzunov (aged 15 years and 1 month)
Oldest player to appear in the league – Georgi Petkov (aged 47 years)
Foreign player with the most appearances in the league – Vančo Trajanov (328)
Foreign player with the most goals in the league – Claudiu Keșerü (113)
Footballer with the most titles won - Manol Manolov (12, all with CSKA Sofia)
Manager with the most titles won - Krum Milev (11, all with CSKA Sofia)
Manager with the most matches in charge of a team - Dimitar Dimitrov
Most goals scored in a single match - Ivo Georgiev, Petar Mihaylov, Todor Pramatarov and Tsvetan Genkov (6)
Fastest goal scored in the league – Miroslav Manolov (6 seconds)
Fastest red card in the league – Nenad Filipović (20 seconds)
Tallest player to appear in the league – Alessandro Coppola (2.05 m)
Top scorers by season
Bold indicates all-time highest.
See also
List of foreign football players in A PFG
Second Professional Football League (Bulgaria)
References
External links
Official website
League at UEFA
Bulgaria – List of Champions, RSSSF.com
Table, at xscores.com
1
Bul
Football
Professional sports leagues in Bulgaria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Professional%20Football%20League%20%28Bulgaria%29 |
FK Pirmasens is a German association football club in Pirmasens, Rhineland-Palatinate. The team was formed as the football section of the gymnastics and sports club TV Pirminia Pirmasens in 1903 and became independent in 1914. They took on their current name in 1925. FK is one of the few teams that uses the German Klub in their name as opposed to the commonly affected English-style term Club.
History
The club developed into a strong amateur side in southwestern Germany. In post-First World War play, the club was grouped in the tier-one Kreisliga Saar in 1919 but then moved to the Kreisliga Pfalz in 1920. From 1930 to 1933 the team made three consecutive appearances in the final of the Southern German championship, on the strength of four Bezirksliga Rhein-Saar titles, and between 1934 and 1936 were three times vice-champions of the Gauliga Südwest, one of sixteen top flight divisions formed in the re-organization of German football under the Third Reich. World War II was hard on the club: following a 0–26 beating at the hands of 1. FC Kaiserslautern in 1942 they withdrew from competition until after the conflict. After the war the club played in the Oberliga Südwest and captured league titles there in 1958, 1959 and 1960 while finishing as vice champions in 1954 and 1962. The club was so popular at the time that they often had to abandon their home ground in favour of the stadium in nearby Ludwigshafen in order to accommodate crowds of up to 65,000 spectators.
After the formation of the Bundesliga, Germany's new professional league, in 1963 Pirmasens found themselves in the second division Regionalliga Südwest where they consistently finished in the upper half of the league table over the course of the next decade. While they had several opportunities to advance to the Bundesliga through the promotion rounds they were unsuccessful. By the mid-1970s the club was faltering. They narrowly missed relegation in 1977, only staying up because rival SV Völklingen was denied a license. However, by 1980 they found themselves in the Amateur Oberliga Südwest (III), slipped to the Verbandsliga Südwest by 1993, and just two seasons later were playing in the Landesliga Südwest (VI). The club has recovered nicely and climbed as high as the third division Regionalliga Süd in 2006–07.
In 2006, the club stunned German football when they defeated Werder Bremen in the first round of the DFB-Pokal in a penalty shootout.
Since 2007 the club played in the Oberliga Südwest where the team has achieved good results, coming second in 2010 and 2011. From 2012–13 the Oberliga Südwest was renamed Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar, with FKP continuing in this league. The club won the championship in 2014 and earned promotion to the Regionalliga Südwest.
Reserve team
The club's reserve team, FK Pirmasens II, achieved its greatest success in 2014–15 when it won promotion to the Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar.
Current squad
Honours
The club's honours:
League
Oberliga Südwest (I)
Champions: 1958, 1959, 1960
Runners-up: 1954, 1962
Bezirksliga Rhein-Saar (Saar division) (I)
Champions: 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933
Regionalliga Südwest (II)
Champions: 1966
2nd Bundesliga Süd (II)
Runners-up: 1975
Oberliga Südwest (IV)
Champions: 1999, 2006
Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar (V)
Champions: 2014
Verbandsliga Südwest (V)
Champions: 1997, 2015‡
Cup
South West Cup
Winners: 1999, 2006
‡ Denotes won by reserve team.
Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club:
With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier.
Key
Famous players
Heinz Kubsch, played for West Germany's 1954 World Cup winning Miracle of Bern side.
References
External links
Official website
The Abseits Guide to German Soccer
FK Pirmasens at Weltfussball.de
Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables
Football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in Rhineland-Palatinate
Association football clubs established in 1903
1903 establishments in Germany
Pirmasens
2. Bundesliga clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FK%20Pirmasens |
A multi-anvil press, or anvil press is a type of device related to a machine press that is used to create extraordinarily high pressures within a small volume.
Anvil presses are used in materials science and geology for the synthesis and study the different phases of materials under extreme pressure, as well as for the industrial production of valuable minerals, especially synthetic diamonds, as they mimic the pressures and temperatures that exist deep in the Earth. These instruments allow the simultaneous compression and heating of millimeter size solid phase samples such as rocks, minerals, ceramics, glasses, composite materials, or metals and are capable of reaching pressures above 25 GPa (around 250,000 atmospheres) and temperatures exceeding 2,500 °C. This allows mineral physicists and petrologists studying the Earth's interior to experimentally reproduce the conditions found throughout the lithosphere and upper mantle, a region that spans the near surface to a depth of 700 km. In addition to pressing on the sample, the experiment passes an electric current through a furnace within the assembly to generate temperatures up to 2,200 °C. Although Diamond anvil cells and light-gas guns can access even higher pressures, the multi-anvil apparatus can accommodate much larger samples, which simplifies sample preparation and improves the precision of measurements and the stability of the experimental parameters.
The multi-anvil press is a relatively rare research tool. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's two presses have been used for a variety of material property studies, including diffusion and deformation of ceramics and metals, deep-focus earthquake, and the high-pressure stability of mineral phases.
History
The 6-8 multi-anvil apparatus was introduced by Kawai and Endo using a split steel sphere suspended in pressurized oil, later modified to use the hydraulic ram. In 1990, Walker et al. simplified the first compression stage by introducing the removable hatbox design, allowing ordinary machine presses to be converted into multi-anvil systems. A variety of assembly designs have been introduced and standardized including the Walker castable, and the COMPRES assemblies. Recent advances have focused on in-situ measurements, and standardizing materials and calibrations.
Basic design
A typical Kawai cell 8–6 multi-anvil apparatus uses air pumps to pressurize oil, which drives a vertical hydraulic ram to compress a cylindrical cavity known as a hatbox. This cavity is filled with six steel anvils, three facing up and three facing down, that converge on a set of eight tungsten carbide cubes. The interior corners of these cubes truncated to fit an octahedral assembly. These octahedra range from 8 mm to 25 mm on edge and are typically composed of magnesium oxide or another material that deforms ductilely over the range of experimental conditions, to make sure the experiment is under hydrostatic stress. As this assembly is compressed, it extrudes out between the cubes, forming a gasket. A cylinder is drilled out between two opposite faces to accommodate the experiment. Experiments that require heating are surrounded by a cylindrical graphite or lanthanum chromite cylinder furnace, which can produce considerable heat by electrical resistance. However, the graphite furnace can be troublesome at higher pressures due to its tendency to transform into diamond. The DIA multi-anvil is the main alternative to the Kawai cell: it uses six anvils to compress a cubic sample.
Theory
In principle, the multi-anvil press is similar in design to a machine press except that it uses force magnification to amplify pressure by reducing the area over which force is applied:
This is analogous to the mechanical advantage utilized by a lever, except the force is applied linearly, instead of angularly. For example, a typical multi-anvil could apply 9,806,650 N (equivalent to a load of 1000 t) onto a 10 mm octahedral assembly, which has a surface area of 346.41 mm2, to produce a pressure of 28.31 GPa inside the sample, while the pressure in the hydraulic ram is a mere 0.3 GPa. Therefore, using smaller assemblies can increase the pressure in the sample. The load that can be applied is limited by the compressive yield strength of the tungsten carbide cubes, especially for heated experiments. Even higher pressures, up to 90 GPa, have been achieved by using 14 mm sintered diamond cubes instead of tungsten carbide.
Measurements in the Multi-Anvil
Most sample analysis is conducted after the experiment is quenched and removed from the multi-anvil. However, it is also possible to perform measurements in-situ. Circuits, including thermocouples or pressure variable resistors, can be built into the assembly to accurately measure temperature and pressure. Acoustic interferometry can be used to measure seismic velocities through a material or to infer density of materials. Resistivity can be measured by complex impedance spectroscopy. Magnetic properties can be measured using amplified nuclear magnetic resonance in specially configured multi-anvils. The DIA multi-anvil design often includes diamond or sapphire windows built into the tungsten anvils to allow x-rays or neutrons to penetrate into the sample. This type of device gives researchers at synchrotron and neutron spallation sources the capacity to perform diffraction experiments to measure the structure of samples under extreme conditions. This is essential for observing unquenchable phases of matter because they are kinetically and thermodynamically unstable at low temperatures and pressure. Viscosity and density of high-pressure melts can be measured in-situ using the sink float method and neutron tomography. In this method a sample is implanted with objects, such platinum spheres, that have different density and neutron scattering properties compared to the material surrounding them, and the path of the object is tracked as it sinks, or floats, through the melt. Two objects with contrasting buoyancy can be used simultaneously to calculate the density.
Applications
Pressure, like temperature, is a basic thermodynamic parameter that influences the molecular structure, and thus the electrical, magnetic, thermal, optical and mechanical properties of materials. Devices like the multi-anvil apparatus allow us to observe the effect of high pressure on material structure and properties.
Multi-anvil presses are occasionally used in industry to produce minerals of exceptional purity, size and quality, especially high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) synthetic diamonds and c-Boron-Nitride. However, multi-anvils are high cost devices, and are very adaptable, so they are more often used as scientific instruments. Multi-anvils have three main scientific uses: 1) to synthesize novel high-pressure material; 2) to change the phases of a material; 3) to examine the properties of materials at high pressures. In materials science this includes the synthesis of novel or useful materials with potential mechanical or electronic applications, such as high-pressure super conductors or ultra-hard substances. Geologists are primarily concerned with reproducing the conditions and materials found in the deep earth, to study geological processes that cannot be directly observed. Minerals or rocks are synthesized to find what conditions are responsible for different mineral phases and textures. Geoscientists also use multi-anvils to measure the kinetics of reactions, density, viscosity, compressibility, diffusivity and thermal conductivity of rock under extreme conditions.
External links
The 1000-ton multi-anvil press at Caltech (archived version)
500 ton press at Oxford
References
Metal forming
Machine tools | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvil%20press |
, (born Iyo, October 2, 1961) is a Japanese former rugby union coach who coached the Japan national rugby union team from 2001 up to the 2003 Rugby World Cup.
Mukai played as a full back and won 13 caps for the Japan national rugby union team between 1985 and 1988 and played at the 1987 Rugby World Cup.
After retiring from his playing career in 1994, he became coach of the Toshiba Brave Lupus whom he led to three consecutive national titles from 1997 and 1999. His success with Toshiba Brave Lupus led to him to be appointed as coach of the Japan national team in December 2000 after Seiji Hirao resigned.
He led the side up to the 2003 Rugby World Cup, where Japan put up some credible performances against and but ultimately finished the tournament winless. He stepped down after the tournament to spend more time with his family. He finished his time as Japan coach with a record of 9 wins in 24 matches.
After leaving his post with Japan, he became coach of the Coca-Cola Red Sparks in 2004. He led them to promotion to the Top League in 2006 where they stayed until they were relegated in 2012. This was Mukai's last season in charge as he handed over the reins to new coach Satoshi Yamaguchi and moved into a directors role at the club.
During his time as a coach, Mukai was renowned for employing an attacking game plan.
See also
Hiroaki Shukuzawa
John Kirwan
References
External links
Shogo Mukai on the Coca-Cola West Japan website
1961 births
Living people
Tokai University alumni
People from Iyo, Ehime
Sportspeople from Ehime Prefecture
Japanese rugby union players
Toshiba Brave Lupus Tokyo players
Japanese rugby union coaches
Japan national rugby team coaches
Japan international rugby union players
Rugby union fullbacks
1987 Rugby World Cup players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shogo%20Mukai |
Erattupetta is a municipal town located in Kottayam district of Kerala state, India. It is located east of Kottayam, the district capital.
Erattupetta panchayath was founded in 1964 and upgraded to a municipality in 2015.
The "Eraaru" part in all the variations of the names arose from the geographical location, where the two rivers (aaru) merge as single one and "Petta" means town. Erattupetta is situated in the foothills of High Ranges. Hence the place is also known as "the gateway of High range/Malanadu."
Etymology
The "Eraaru" part in all the variation of the names arose from the geographical location, where the two rivers (aaru) merge as a single one. Erattupetta is situated in the foothills of High Ranges. 'Peta' means town in Dravidian languages. Earlier it was known as 'Erapoli' or 'Erapuzha'. It was the commercial capital of the Poonjar principality until 1949.
Native Peoples
The indigenous population can be broadly divided into three groups.
It includes the base class, the children of the soil - the Hindu sects and the Christian Muslim sects that have converted from them.
Tamil Immigrants - The most important of these were the (Rawther) Khan family Muslims who came from Madurai in Tamil Nadu in the twelfth century along with the Poonjar royal family along with their loyal servants and bodyguards. The Hindus belonging to the Chetti tribe and the Rawthers who left the country in the 14th century from Tamil areas. They still speak Malayalam mixed with Tamil. These include the Brahmin families of Tamil Nadu who came from Tamil Nadu and were converted to Christianity by St.Thomas and many Jewish families who came from Tamil Nadu and converted to Christianity.
Malayali Immigrants - Christians who migrated from Kodungallur with the advent of Christianity and Nilakkal in the fourteenth century, Muslims who came from Edappally near Kochi after the advent of Islam, Mehtar sect, and later Muslims from various families who came from Malappuram and Ernakulam districts belong to this category.
Apart from this, there is another sect with roots in Saudi Arabia. They are the Labbas, descendants of the previously mentioned Shaikh Saeed Bawa.
While the Muslims, who depended on trade in these groups, settled in Eratupetta itself, the Christians moved to the nearby hills in search of fertile farmlands. Others who were laborers moved to different areas depending on the availability of work. This is the reason why Eratupetta became a Muslim majority area.
Economy
In the past, hill produce from the Cardamom Hills were brought down by the Muthuvan for trade. Erattupetta is a trading centre for spices, rubber, areca nut and other agricultural products. Wagamon, a Hill Station, lies some 22 km east of Erattupetta. Erattupetta has a large number of expatriate population living in Gulf countries, especially in United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia.
Demographics
India census, Erattupetta had a population of 29,675. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Erattupetta has an average literacy rate of 90%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 76%. In Erattupetta, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Geography
Erattupetta can be accessed easily from north Kerala via the Angamaly-Muvattupuzha-Thodupuzha-Muttom route. It is well connected to Tamil Nadu via Kottayam-Kumali (K K) Road to Madurai through the nearest town Mundakkayam via Parathanam, which is 27 kilometres from Erattupetta.
It has an average elevation of 36 metres (118 feet).
Politics
Erattupetta is a municipality. The current municipal chairperson is Suhara Abdul Khader.
Erattupetta comes under the Pathanamthitta Loksabha constituency and the Poonjar assembly constituency. Erattupetta is represented in the Loksabha by Anto Antony and in the state assembly by Sebastian Kulathunkal.
Localities
Aruvithura
Notable people
References
External links
https://erattupettamunicipality.lsgkerala.gov.in/en/
http://lsgkerala.in/erattupettapanchayat/
https://www.citypopulation.de/en/india/kerala/
Cities and towns in Kottayam district | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erattupetta |
Jeffrey Barry Harborne FRS (1 September 1928, in Bristol – 21 July 2002) was a British chemist who specialised in phytochemistry. He was Professor of Botany at the University of Reading, 1976–93, then Professor emeritus. He contributed to more than 40 books and 270 research papers and was a pioneer in ecological biochemistry, particularly in the complex chemical interactions between plants, microbes and insects.
Education
Harborne was educated at Wycliffe College, Stonehouse, Gloucestershire and the University of Bristol, where he graduated in chemistry in 1949. He earned a PhD in 1953 with a thesis on the naturally occurring oxygen heterocyclic compounds with Professor Wilson Baker (1900–2002).
Research
Between 1953 and 1955 he worked as a postdoc with Professor Theodore Albert Geissman at the University of California, Los Angeles, studying phenolic plant pigments, including anthocyanins. The identification of these substances, he made use of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy.
After his return to the UK, he joined the Potato Genetics group at the John Innes Research Institute, then located at Bayfordbury. Here he worked with K.S. Dodds on the phenolics of Solanum species, extending his knowledge of anthocyanins. This work grew to encompass a wide range of mostly garden plants. In addition to discovering novel anthocyanidins, he made in-depth studies of their glycosylation and began work on their acylation. During this time he forged links with E. C. Bate-Smith and Tony Swain at Cambridge, Swain arranging for him to edit his first book, The biochemistry of phenolic compounds. His time at the John Innes ended when the Potato Genetics group was wound up, and the institution itself moved to Norwich.
Between 1965 and 1968 Harborne worked as a research assistant at the University of Liverpool. After this, he was Reader in the Department of Botany, the University of Reading, England. In 1976 he became Professor in the Department of Botany, the University of Reading. Between 1987 and 1993 he was head of the Department of Botany at the University of Reading. In 1993 he retired. He had during his tenure at the University of Reading also positions as visiting professor at the University Federal do Rio de Janeiro (1973), the University of Texas at Austin (1976), the University of California at Santa Barbara (1977) and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1981).
Harborne investigated the role of flavonoids in interactions between plants and insects. He also investigated the relationship between anthocyanins and the ecology of pollination. He also studied the role of phytoalexins in members of the bean family (Fabaceae), the rose family (Rosaceae) and the carrot family (Apiaceae). He published on chemotaxonomy as in his research articles on the genetic control of expression of anthocyanins, flavones and aurones in the primrose family (Primulaceae) in snapdragons (Antirrhinum) and a number of other plants. He also published on isoflavones and chemical ecology.
In his book, Phytochemicals Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis Prof. Harborne described a number of analytical methods in plant chemistry that he developed for the system of distribution of anthocyanins in major plant groups. In Comparative Biochemistry of the Flavonoids he described the biochemistry of flavonoids in various plant groups. In the scientific journal Natural Product Reports he wrote a series of review articles about the discovery of anthocyanins and other flavonoids. In his book Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry he described the ecological role of natural substances. The publication of this book is seen as the starting point of the study of environmental chemistry. Developments in the chemical ecology he described in a series of review articles in Natural Product Reports. He was (co) author of about 270 research and review articles. He was also author or editor of some forty books.
From 1972 Prof. Harborne was the Executive Editor of the journal Phytochemistry. Between 1986 and 1999 he was chief editor of this prestigious journal. He was the founder of the magazine Analysis Phytochemicals and he was editor of Methods in Plant Biochemistry.
Harborne had a number of awards during his lifetime. In 1985 he received the Linnean Society of London, the Linnean Medal for his services to botany. He also received medals from the Phytochemical Society of Europe (PSE Medal) (1986) and the International Society of Chemical Ecology (1993). In 1993 he was awarded the Pergamon Phytochemistry Prize. In 1995 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In 2010 the University of Reading's Plant Science Laboratories, where he was Professor, were named the Harborne Building in his honour.
Publications
Biochemistry of Phenolic Compounds, 1964
Comparative Biochemistry of the Flavonoids, 1967
Phytochemical Phylogeny, 1970
Phytochemical Ecology, 1972
Phytochemical Methods, 1973, 3rd edn 1998
Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry, 1977, 4th edn 1993
Phytochemical Aspects of Plant and Animal Coevolution, 1978
Plant Chemosystematics, 1984
The Flavonoids: advances in research since 1986, 1994
The Handbook of Natural Flavonoids, vol 1 and 2, 1999
Phytochemical Dictionary, 1993, 2nd edn 1999
Dictionary of Plant Toxins, 1996
The Handbook of Flavonoid Pigments, 1999
The Handbook of Natural Flavonoids, 1999
Chemical Dictionary of Economic Plants, 2001
Career
Biochemist, the John Innes Institute, 1955–65
Research Fellow, University of Liverpool, 1965–68
Reader, the University of Reading, UK, 1968–76
Professor, Dept. of Botany, the University of Reading, UK, 1976–93
Visiting Professor, University of Texas at Austin, 1976
Visiting Professor, University of California, 1977
He was editor-in-chief of the journal Phytochemistry, 1972–98.
Honours
Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, 1956
Fellow of the Biochemical Society, 1957
Plenary Lecturer, IUPAC Natural Products Symposium, 1976
Gold Medal in Botany, Linnean Society, 1985
Fellow of the Linnean Society, 1986
Silver Medal, Phytochemical Society of Europe, 1986
Silver Medal, International Society of Chemical Ecology, 1993
Fellow of the Institute of Biology, 1994
Fellow of the Royal Society, 1995
Personal life
His niece, Katharine Harborne, studied Horticultural Botany at the University of Reading from 1979 to 1981 and became a plant pathologist researching the epidemiology of Sugarcane Mosaic Virus for the South African Sugar Association at Mount Edgecombe.
References
1928 births
2002 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society
People educated at Wycliffe College, Gloucestershire
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Chemical ecologists
Academics of the University of Reading
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey%20Harborne |
Lome Fa'atau (born 23 October 1975 in Wellington, New Zealand) is a rugby union player. The speedy winger is recognisable by his traditional Samoan tattoo (pe'a).
Before his rugby career took off, he attended St. Patrick's College in Wellington, where he was a star basketball player for his college team. It was not until he left college did he begin playing rugby union for the local club Marist St. Pat's, where he made his debut in the third grade division at fullback.
Career
He made his provincial debut in the 1999 season of the National Provincial Championship in New Zealand, playing for Wellington. The next year he joined Taranaki and became the leading try scorer for the province that season. The following year he returned to his old province in Wellington. In 2002 he played for the Hurricanes in the international Super 12 competition. Two years later he joined the Chiefs before returning to the Hurricanes.
He made his debut for Manu Samoa in 2002. Fa'atau played on the wing in all matches for Samoa in the 2003 World Cup in Australia, except for the match against Georgia, Fa'atau scored one try during the World Cup. Fa'atau describes his best rugby memory as making the Manu Samoa team.
The Hurricanes made it to the 2006 Super 14 final, where they went down to the Crusaders in bizarre weather. Although not finishing as champions, Fa'atau was not only the top try scorer for the Hurricanes, but the lead try scorer of the season amassing a total a grand total of 10 tries through a combination of graceful, elusive yet blisteringly fast running.
Fa'atau joined Scottish side Glasgow after the 2007 Rugby World Cup.
After an indifferent two seasons with Glasgow he joined Nice who play in Federale 1 in France, and plays with former internationals Dan Luger, Ross Beattie, Kevin Yates and Mark McHugh, and England coach Martin Johnson's brother Will Johnson who used to play for Leicester Tigers.
Personal life
Lome is also a committed Christian and wears the initial "J" and "C" (for Jesus Christ) on his wristbands every match.
His brother Eneliko (Ene) Fa'atau also plays rugby and is the player/coach for the Irish Leinster league division club Dundalk.
References
Lome is currently coaching Percy Park RFC in North Shields, Tyne & Wear. He also plays local league basketball for North Shields Tropic.
External links
Glasgow profile
1975 births
Living people
Rugby union wings
Samoan rugby union coaches
Samoan rugby union players
Glasgow Warriors players
Rugby union players from Wellington City
New Zealand sportspeople of Samoan descent
Samoa international rugby union players
Pacific Islanders rugby union players
Samoan expatriate rugby union players
Expatriate rugby union players in Scotland
Expatriate rugby union players in Italy
Samoan expatriate sportspeople in New Zealand
Expatriate rugby union players in New Zealand
Samoan expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Samoan expatriate sportspeople in Italy
People educated at St. Patrick's College, Wellington
Samoa international rugby sevens players
Male rugby sevens players
2003 Rugby World Cup players
2007 Rugby World Cup players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lome%20Fa%27atau |
Lymecycline is a tetracycline broad-spectrum antibiotic. It is approximately 5,000 times more soluble than tetracycline base and is unique amongst tetracyclines in that it is absorbed by an active transport process across the intestinal wall, making use of the same fast and efficient mechanism by which carbohydrates are absorbed.
The greater absorption of lymecycline allows for lower dosages to be used; the standard dose of 408 mg is equivalent to 300 mg tetracycline base and, in its action, to 500 mg tetracycline hydrochloride. Lymecycline, unlike tetracycline hydrochloride, is soluble at all physiological pH values.
History
Lymecycline was introduced by Farmitalia in 1963.
Indications
Lymecycline, like other tetracyclines, is used to treat a range of infections. Its better absorption profile makes it preferable to tetracycline for moderately severe acne and typically prescribed for 8 weeks at a time, but alternatives should be sought if no improvement occurs by 3 months.
Side effects
Lymecycline's side effects can include rash, headache, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, dermatitis, inflammation of the liver, hypersensitive reactions, and visual disturbances. When taken for a long period of time, it can cause reflux oesophagitis. Recently, the family of tetracycline antibiotics has been associated with thyroid dysfunction in youth.
See also
Timeline of antibiotics
References
Alpha-Amino acids
Amino acid derivatives
Anti-acne preparations
Tetracycline antibiotics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymecycline |
Cecilia of Sweden (22 June 1807 in Stockholm – 27 January 1844 in Oldenburg) was a composer, a Swedish princess by birth, and Grand Duchess of Oldenburg by marriage. She was the daughter of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and Frederica of Baden.
Biography
After birth, she was raised under the supervision of the royal governess Charlotte Stierneld. The youngest of four children, Cecilia left Sweden in 1810 with her family after her father was deposed as king of Sweden by the Coup of 1809. She was raised in her mother's home country, the Grand Duchy of Baden (Germany). After her parents were divorced in 1812, she was raised mainly by her grandmother Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt in Bruchsal.
She met Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg in 1830, and after an hour's conversation, the marriage was decided. She went to her brother in Vienna, where her wedding took place in the presence of the Austrian Emperor Francis I. She relocated to the city of Oldenburg in June 1831.
Cecilia had an interest in culture. As Grand Duchess of Oldenburg she composed the melody of a hymn for Oldenburg. The hymn was later added with lyrics by Theodor von Kobbe and named ‘Heil dir, o Oldenburg’. In 1833, Cecila supported the founding of the city's first theatre, which today is the Oldenburgisches Staatstheater. She was, however, never known to be close to the population in Oldenburg, where she lived a life confined to the circles of the court. A bridge, a square and a road are named after her, as well as a school. In honour of the late Cecilia, the locality Cäciliengroden at the Jade Bight near Wilhelmshaven (later incorporated into Sande in Frisia) was named after her.
Cecilia died at the age of 36 from puerperal fever, a few days after giving birth to her third child Elimar. She was buried in the Ducal Mausoleum in the Churchyard of St. Gertrude (St. Gertrudenkirchhof / Gertrudenfriedhof) in the city of Oldenburg. Her sister Amalia Maria Charlotta was also buried there.
Marriage
She married Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg (1783–1853) on 5 May 1831 in Vienna. Both being members of the House of Holstein-Gottorp and descendants of Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin, they were distant cousins. It was Augustus' third marriage.
They had three sons:
Alexander Friedrich Gustav (16 June 1834 – 6 June 1835)
Nikolaus Friedrich August (15 February 1836 – 30 April 1837)
Anton Günther Friedrich Elimar (23 January 1844 – 17 October 1895)
Ancestry
References
This article is partially based on its equivalent on Spanish Wikipedia
Gisela Niemöller: Die Engelinnen im Schloß. Eine Annäherung an Cäcilie, Amalie und Friederike von Oldenburg. Isensee, Oldenburg 1997,
Further reading
|-
House of Holstein-Gottorp
Cecilia 1807
Daughters of kings
Disinherited European royalty
Grand Duchesses of Oldenburg
Deaths in childbirth
1807 births
1844 deaths
Burials at the Ducal Mausoleum, Gertrudenfriedhof (Oldenburg)
Swedish women composers
Swedish composers
19th-century composers
People from Stockholm
19th-century women composers
Royal reburials | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Cecilia%20of%20Sweden%20%281807%E2%80%931844%29 |
Leila Hayes is an Australian actress, actors agent, radio presenter, playwright, producer, singer and drama teacher, she featured in the hit 1980s soap opera Sons and Daughters as Beryl Palmer (later Hamilton) throughout its entire run.
Biography
She began her career as a singer. In the 1970s she acted on television in guest roles in Crawford Productions drama series Homicide, Division 4, Matlock Police, Bluey and Cop Shop, and appeared briefly in their acclaimed serial The Sullivans.
Hayes also acted in television miniseries, including Power Without Glory (1976), and in some TV movies. In 1981 she appeared in several episodes of soap opera Prisoner as brothel madam Jeannie Baxter and was in an early episode of A Country Practice. The same episode starred Peter Phelps who played her stepson John in Sons and Daughters only a few months later.
Hayes had also acted on stage, taking the leading role of April Delaney in comedy Dimboola. After this came the role in Sons and Daughters.
Leila ran a drama school for aspiring actors, called the "Leila Hayes drama Studio" in NSW . Hayes had a career in talkback radio for a while.
Filmography
Film
Television
Notes
External links
Drama teachers
Living people
Australian soap opera actresses
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leila%20Hayes |
The Caltech Cosmic Cube was a parallel computer, developed by Charles Seitz and Geoffrey C Fox from 1981 onward. It was the first working hypercube built.
It was an early attempt to capitalise on VLSI to speed up scientific calculations at a reasonable cost. Using commodity hardware and an architecture suited to the specific task (QCD), Fox and Seitz demonstrated that this was indeed possible.
In 1984 a group at Intel including Justin Rattner and Cleve Moler developed the Intel iPSC inspired by the Cosmic Cube.
In 1987 several people in the group formed a company called Parasoft to commercialize the message passing interface developed for the Cosmic Cube.
Characteristics
64 Intel 8086/87 processors
128kB of memory per processor
6-dimensional hypercube network, i. e. each processor can directly exchange data with six other processors.
References
The Torus Routing Chip
Parallel Computer Archival Documents
John Apostolakis, Clive Baillie, Robert W. Clayton, Hong Ding, Jon Flower, Geoffrey C. Fox, Thomas D. Gottschalk, Bradford H. Hager, Herbert B. Keller, Adam K. Kolawa, Steve W. Otto, Toshiro Tanimoto, Eric F. van de Velde, J. Barhen, J. R. Einstein, and C. C. Jorgensen. 1989. "Supercomputer applications of the hypercube"—In Supercomputing systems: architectures, design, and performance, Svetlana P. Kartashev and Steven I. Kartashev (Eds.). Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, NY, USA:1989 Pages 480–577.
External links
The C Programmer's Abbreviated Guide to Multicomputer Programming
Parallel computing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caltech%20Cosmic%20Cube |
Many More Roads is the third studio album by Jamaican reggae artist Ky-Mani Marley. It was released on May 29, 2001, through Artists Only! Records. Production was handled by Lincoln Ward, Michael Coburn, Christopher Garvey, Clifton Dillon and Derrick Barnett, with Tyrone Smith serving as executive producer. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album at the 44th Annual Grammy Awards, but lost to his brother Damian Marley's album Halfway Tree.
Track listing
Personnel
Ky-Mani Marley – vocals & songwriter
Philip "El Mono" Henry – guitar & songwriter (tracks: 1, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11)
Donald "Danny Bassie" Dennis – bass & songwriter (tracks: 1, 10, 11)
Paul Crossdale – keyboards & songwriter (tracks: 1, 7, 11)
Rolando "Yami Bolo" McLean – keyboards & songwriter (tracks: 6, 9)
George Miller – drums & songwriter (tracks: 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 12)
Gerald "Jerry" Johnson – saxophone & songwriter (tracks: 1, 3-5, 11)
Donald "Yeashkark" Greaves – horn & songwriter (tracks: 5, 8, 10, 12)
Kevin Batchelor – trumpet & songwriter (tracks: 1-5, 7, 8, 11)
John Wesley "J.D. Smoothe" Lewis – backing vocals
La Venia Irene "Bunny" Brissett – backing vocals
Nadine Sutherland – backing vocals
Marcia Griffiths – backing vocals
Kimberly Miller – backing vocals
Ken Miller – backing vocals
Chris "Riddim Fingaz" Garvey – songwriter (tracks: 2, 5, 8, 10, 12), producer (tracks: 1, 5, 10, 12)
Ricky Myrie – songwriter (tracks: 2, 3, 8, 11)
Derrick Barnett – songwriter (tracks: 2, 5, 8, 10), producer (tracks: 5, 10, 12)
Kent Bryan – songwriter (tracks: 1, 2, 7)
Clifton Dillon – songwriter (tracks: 8, 12), producer (tracks: 5, 10, 12)
Hit Squad Lunatics – songwriter (tracks: 8, 12)
Luther McKenzie – songwriter (track 11)
Lincoln Ward – producer (tracks: 1-4, 6-11)
Michael Coburn – producer (tracks: 1-4, 6-11)
Adam Hornyak – engineering
Andy Kerr – mixing
Cedrica Anthony "Soldgie" Hamilton – mixing
Lynford "Fatta" Marshall – mixing
Gerry McCarthy – sequencer
Dale Ashley – mastering
Mark Tomase – mastering
Tyrone Smith – executive producer
Julio Rojas – design
Kevin Knight – photography
Charts
References
External links
2001 albums
Ky-Mani Marley albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many%20More%20Roads |
Alyce Mary A. Platt (born 19 December 1963) is an Australian actress and singer.
As an actress, she had roles in the TV soap operas Sons and Daughters as Amanda Morell, and Neighbours.
Platt worked as a TV presenter and game show host, including cohost to Tony Barber on quiz show Sale of the Century from 1986 to 1991. Also a musician, Platt released her debut album, Beautiful Death, in April 2004.
In 2012, Platt started playing another role in Neighbours, that of Olivia Bell, a potential love interest for Karl Kennedy. In May 2020, Platt resumed the part of Olivia for a second guest stint and returned again for another stint the following year.
Early life
Alyce Mary Platt was born on 19 December 1963 and grew up in Melbourne with her parents and two older brothers. From the age of 12 she was singing in competitions. At 16 she attended Box Hill Technical College for a two-year drama course.
Career
Acting
Platt's acting roles include the regular part of Amanda Morrell in Sons and Daughters from 1983 to 1985; a guest role as Stephanie Collins in the short-lived serial Family and Friends in 1990; and as Sarah Wilkes in Ten's version of A Country Practice in 1994.
In 1995, Platt appeared as a reporter in the "My Lovely Girl" episode of Halifax f.p.. That same year, she joined the-long-running soap Neighbours, playing the regular part of Jen Handley. However, Jen was written out after just a year when writers struggled to come up with stories for the character. She told Sue Malins of the Daily Mirror; "In the end, I don't think the scriptwriters knew what to do with me." Her last episode as Jen aired in March 1996.
Platt had a recurring roles on Blue Heelers as Jeanette Holbrook in 2000; City Homicide from August 2007 and a lead role in the children's television series The Elephant Princess as Anita Wilson.
The role that brought her most recognition was that of co-host of the then top-rated quiz show Sale of the Century from 1986 to 1991. She returned to this role for one special episode of Temptation on 14 March 2007, during the show's "Battle of the Network Shows" series, in which Temptation's hosts Ed Phillips and Livinia Nixon were contestants themselves. She later appeared alongside former Sale co-host Tony Barber on TV1's Cash Trivia Challenge.
On 9 August 2012, it was announced Platt had re-joined Neighbours for a guest role as a new character, Olivia Bell. Eight years later, in a February 2020 interview for The Courier, Platt stated she had returned to Neighbours. She said, "I've gone back to Ramsay Street; I'm doing a little bit on Neighbours at the moment, which is wonderful. I'm enjoying it a lot, actually." Platt's management company confirmed that she would be returning as Olivia Bell, and her return scenes aired on 6 May 2020. She returned for another stint in 2021.
Music
Platt launched her debut album, Beautiful Death, on 4 April 2004 at the Corner Hotel. Carmine Pascuzzi of MediaSearch website said that she "does a decent job in providing an adventurous foray through her honest and melancholic musical thoughts. It's a collection of material spanning several years. The songs are mostly told with positive feeling and the hope for better things." Her second album, Live from the Vault, appeared in August 2006. Her third album, Funny Little World, was issued in November 2015.
She wrote and performed the music for the documentary Journey Beyond Fear in 2018.
Personal life
In August 2004, Platt married Claude Carranza.
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
Australian women singers
Australian game show hosts
Australian soap opera actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alyce%20Platt |
Judah ibn Kuraish (, , ), was an Algerian-Jewish grammarian and lexicographer. He was born at Tiaret in Algeria and flourished in the 9th century. While his grammatical works advanced little beyond his predecessors, he was the first to study comparative philology in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Arabic. He recognized that the various Semitic languages are derived from one source and that although they are different in their development, they are subject to the same linguistic laws. Judah's grammatical researches were original, and he maintained his views regardless of the Mishnah and the Talmud so he has been erroneously considered a Karaite.
Risalah
His Risalah, a letter in Arabic but written in the Hebrew script, to the community at Fes (ed. Bargès and Goldberg, Paris, 1857), is the earliest known contribution to the critical study of the Semitic languages. The work is divided into three sections, with an introduction. He warns the community not to neglect the study of the Targumim since they are important for a correct knowledge of the Bible, which contains many Aramaisms. In the first section, he compares biblical words to similar Aramaic words. In the second section, he compares biblical words to later Rabbinic Hebrew. He makes the comparison for 17 words even if they do not have a direct comparison. The third section is structured differently from the other two in that he does not deal with individual words. Instead, he deals with the larger relationship between the three Semitic languages. He explores ideas such as the interchange of letters or pronunciation, the presence or loss of certain weaker letters in roots like the Nun, the changes of letters used in tenses, changes in gender in names and number and additional vowels or the lack thereof. An additional section is attached to the third section in which he examines the relationship between Arabic and Hebrew. In particular, he notes the alternations of Aleph with Ayin, Ayin with Ghain, Zayin with Dalet, Tsade with Teth, Shin with Taw, etc.
He is also said to have written, in addition to the Risalah, a dictionary and a book on the Commandments. However, little is known about them. Although he mentions his dictionary in the Risalah, nothing remains of it or his other book.
Sources
Goldberg, preface to the Risalah, Paris, 1857
Gustav Karpeles, Geschichte der Jüdischen Literatur, i. 435 et seq., Berlin, 1886
Winter and Wünsche, Die Jüdische Litteratur, ii.142-144.
References
10th-century rabbis
Medieval Hebraists
Year of death unknown
People from Tiaret
Year of birth unknown
Medieval Algerian Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah%20ibn%20Kuraish |
Wall's is formerly an ice cream and meat products brand in the UK, now split into two businesses:
Wall's (ice cream), a brand owned by Unilever that makes ice cream
Wall's (meat), a British sausage brand owned by Kerry Foods
See also
Walls (disambiguation)
Wall (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall%27s |
Damask may refer to:
A tapestry-woven fabric, see Damask
Damask, Iran, a village in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran
A flower commonly known as the Damask rose or simply as "Damask", see Rosa damascena
A fictional character in the Marvel Comics Universe, see Emma Steed
A fictional character from Star Wars named Hego Damask, alias Darth Plagueis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Daniel Roberts (born 27 January 1966), also credited as Danny Roberts, is an Australian actor. He is perhaps best known his roles as Ailsa Stewart's younger creepy brother Tony O'Rourke in early January 1997, Dennis Harling from September 2011 until February 2012, and Gavin Cooper from 12 to 24 November 2015 in Home and Away.
Early life
Roberts was born in Perth, Western Australia on 27 January 1966.
Acting career
He started with the Patch Theatre at age 12, and was in the first round at Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts in 1979. He moved to Melbourne in 1982 where he appeared in Cop Shop and The Sullivans. He then played a lead role in the soap opera Waterloo Station (1983), but the series was cancelled after a few months on air. He then became a major cast member in Sons and Daughters, playing Andy Green from 1983 until the series ended in 1987.
Roberts went on to a regular role in soap opera The Power, The Passion which ran for eight months in 1989. After the series was cancelled he moved to Byron Bay, New South Wales, where he founded the Australian Theatre Company in 1991. He was artistic director of the company until 1995, then acted in the series Fire, playing Georgie Parker's character's brother Ted Cartright. Other roles include The Last Bullet, Home and Away, Blue Heelers, Murder Call, Stingers, Young Lions, Big Sky, and Close Contact. His film credits include Blackwater Trail, Walking on Water, Beneath Clouds, Mission: Impossible 2, and Dreamland. He worked on Underbelly: The Golden Mile. He played Nate's father Gavin Cooper on Home and Away in 2015.
Filmography
Film
Television
Personal life
After Sons and Daughters, Roberts travelled to the United States, where he met his future wife Lindsay Neil. They married in 1989. They had two children. His son David appeared in Home and Away from 2008 until 2013.
External links
Dreamland
Notes
1966 births
20th-century Australian male actors
21st-century Australian male actors
Australian expatriate male actors in the United States
Australian male film actors
Australian male soap opera actors
Australian male television actors
Australian people of Welsh descent
Living people
Male actors from Perth, Western Australia
Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny%20Roberts%20%28Australian%20actor%29 |
Wall's is a brand of meat products in the United Kingdom, best known for its sausages. Founded in London in 1786 by butcher Richard Wall, it was acquired in 1922 by Lever Brothers, which became a part of Unilever in 1930. Unilever sold off the meat products business and a licence to use the Wall's brand on such within the United Kingdom in 1994 to Kerry Group who sold it to Pilgrim's Food Masters in 2021.
History
In 1786, Richard Wall opened a butcher's stall in St James's Market, London. Selling meat and meat products, he gained a reputation for being a fine pork butcher. In 1812, Wall received the first Royal Appointment to George, Prince of Wales as "Purveyor of Pork," continuing to serve him through his later reign as King George IV.
His son, Thomas Wall, was born in 1817, followed by a daughter, Eleanor, in 1824. Wall's business prospered, and in 1834 he moved to new premises at 113 Jermyn Street. However, he died the same year, leaving his widow, Ann, and the 17-year-old Thomas to run the business, now trading as Ann Wall and Son.
Two years later, in 1836, Ann also died, and Thomas Wall took sole charge of the business, as well as the care of his 14-year-old sister. However, the business continued to thrive. In 1846 his first son, Thomas Wall II, was born, followed shortly afterwards by a second son, Frederick. They joined the company board in 1870 and 1878 respectively, after which the business became known as Thomas Wall and Sons Ltd. Throughout this period, the business maintained its high-level standards and resultant recognition, receiving a series of Royal Appointments from Queen Victoria, King Edward VII and King George V.
The business had always faced problems in the summer, when sales of meat, meat pies and sausages declined, and staff had to be laid off as a consequence. Thus, in 1913, Thomas Wall II suggested developing a line of ice cream to avoid these problems. This proposal, however, was put on hold due to shortages arising as a result of the outbreak of World War I, and was not implemented until 1922. Before that, Thomas Wall II decided to retire, and in 1920 sold the business to Mac Fisheries, which itself was acquired by Lever Brothers in 1922.
In 1920, Thomas Wall II created his Trust for the "encouragement and assistance of educational work and social service". Today the Trust continues to assist in these areas by providing grants to individuals and organisations.
After the purchase of sausage and pate producer Mattessons in 1965, Unilever ran both companies as part of Unilever Meat Group UK under the chairmanship of Werner Mattes, eventually merging the two companies to form Mattessons Wall's following his retirement in 1986.
Following a review, in 1994 Unilever sold off Mattessons Wall's, the ownership to the Mattessons brand, and a licence to sell meat products within the UK under the Wall's brand to Kerry Foods. The purchase of the Kerry business marks the latest move by JBS-owned Pilgrim’s Pride into the UK food market. It acquired poultry giant Moy Park in 2017 and pork giant Tulip in August 2019, before subsequently rebranding the Tulip business as Pilgrim’s UK in August 2020.}</ref>
Products
Wall's remains a prominent manufacturer of sausages and meat pies.
References
External links
Thomas Wall Trust
Wall's Pastry,
Wall's sausages
British sausages
British pie brands
Brand name meats
Sausage companies
Meat companies of the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall%27s%20%28meat%29 |
Domingo Fernández Navarrete (c. 1610 in Peñafiel – 1689, in Santo Domingo) was a Spanish Dominican missionary and archbishop.
Born in Peñafiel in Old Castile, Navarrete received the habit around 1630 and after completing his studies was offered the chair of Thomistic theology by several Spanish universities. He declined all the offers, preferring to go into the missionary field. In 1646, he and twenty-seven brethren left Spain for the Philippines via Mexico. They arrived at their destination on 23 June 1648.
Navarrete taught theology at the Dominican University of St. Thomas, Manila, before he left with a group to go on a mission to China in 1657. After learning the language, he labored chiefly in Fujian province. When persecution broke out in 1665, the effect on missions was disastrous. Forbidden to preach, Navarrate occupied himself with writing, hoping in this way to spread and confirm the faith. However, he was hampered too much and left for Rome in 1673 as prefect of the Dominican mission to discuss the question of Chinese Rites. This problem had reached an acute stage in China, with the Jesuits on one side and the Dominicans and Franciscans on the other. Navarrate was highly respected by Pope Innocent XI, who wanted to make him bishop of the Chinese missions; however, Navarrete refused.
It was at this time (1676) that Navarrete's book, Tratados historicos, politicos, ethicos, y religiosos de la monarchia de China was published in Madrid. A strongly anti-Jesuit work (which, e.g. denied the authenticity of the Nestorian Stele), it was translated into most major European languages. It became particularly popular in England, and admired by the French Jansenists and Voltaire. Jesuits, on the other hand, tried to have this book suppressed.
On his return to Spain in 1677, the Pope, at the suggestion of Charles II, forced him to accept the Archdiocese of Santo Domingo, where he laboured until his death. While on the question of Chinese Rites he was opposed to the Jesuits; in his diocese he had the highest regard for them. In his letters to the viceroy and to the king, requesting them to permit the fathers of the Society to establish a college in his residential city, Navarrete pays them a glowing tribute.
Navarrete was one of the few individuals to visit Kaili on the west coast of Sulawesi, He provides some of the most accurate early accounts of Minahasa also.
Principal works
Tratados históricos, políticos, éticos y religiosos de la monarquia de China (Madrid, 1676)
Catechismus, lingua sinica, 2 vol.
Præceptor ethnicus ex optimis quibusque Sinensium libris extractus, et ex eorumdem sententiis concinnatus, lingua sinica
References
External links and additional sources
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
1610s births
1689 deaths
Spanish Dominicans
17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the Dominican Republic
People from the Colony of Santo Domingo
Roman Catholic missionaries in the Philippines
Roman Catholic missionaries in China
Spanish Roman Catholic missionaries
17th-century Spanish Roman Catholic theologians
Spanish expatriates in China
Dominican missionaries
Roman Catholic missionaries in the Dominican Republic
Roman Catholic archbishops of Santo Domingo
Spanish expatriates in the Dominican Republic
Dominican bishops | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domingo%20Fern%C3%A1ndez%20Navarrete |
Matanzas Inlet is a channel in Florida between two barrier islands and the mainland, connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the south end of the Matanzas River. It is south of St. Augustine, in the southern part of St. Johns County. The inlet is not stabilized by jetties, and thus is subject to shifting.
Historic maps made by Spanish military engineers in the 18th century show that the inlet today has moved many hundreds of yards south of its location during the time of the Spanish Empire. In 1740, a British invasion force from Fort Frederica, Georgia blockaded this inlet, the southernmost access for boat travel between St. Augustine and Havana, Cuba. Shortly thereafter, in 1742, a coquina stone tower square by high, now called Fort Matanzas, was built by the Spanish authorities in Florida to safeguard this strategic inlet.
Origin of name
René Goulaine de Laudonnière founded Fort Caroline in what is now Jacksonville, in 1564, as a haven for Huguenot settlers. In response to the French encroachment on what Spain regarded as its territory, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés founded St. Augustine in 1565. Menéndez de Avilés quickly set out to attack Fort Caroline, traveling overland from St. Augustine. At the same time, the French sailed from Fort Caroline, intending to attack St. Augustine from the sea. The Spanish overwhelmed the lightly defended Fort Caroline, sparing only the women and children, although some 25 men were able to escape. The French fleet was driven off course by a storm, and many of the ships wrecked on the coast south of St. Augustine. When the Spanish found the main group of the French shipwreck survivors, Menéndez de Avilés ordered all of the Huguenots executed. The location became known as Matanzas (Spanish for "slaughters").
References
External links
Inlets of Florida
Bodies of water of St. Johns County, Florida
Beaches of St. Johns County, Florida
Beaches of Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matanzas%20Inlet |
Porsuk is a village in Ulukışla District, Niğde Province, Turkey. Its population is 291 (2022).
Economy
Agricultural products of the village are tomatoes, cucumbers, beans, potatoes, onions, peppers, corn, peas, sunflowers, lentils, cabbage, cherry, sour cherry, apple, peach, pear, mulberry, blackberry, grape, walnut, plum, apricot.
Village Society
Old Porsuk village headmen: Ömer Erdem, Hacı Ali Güldür, Mulla Mehmet Ünal, Rıza Arıkan, İbrahim Zeki Erdem. At the present time, Ramazan Ünsal is the reeve since 2005.
See also
Porsuk Inscription
References
Villages in Ulukışla District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsuk%2C%20Uluk%C4%B1%C5%9Fla |
The Electoral district of Victoria Park is a Legislative Assembly electorate in the state of Western Australia. Victoria Park is named for the inner southeastern Perth suburb of Victoria Park, which falls within its borders.
History
Victoria Park was created at the 1929 redistribution, at which five new metropolitan electorates were created to replace former Goldfields seats in Parliament. The seat is considered a safe Labor Party seat, and has been held by the party for all but eight years since its creation. William Read, who won the 1945 by-election and remained in parliament until the 1953 state election, is the only non-Labor candidate to have held the seat. From 1961 to 1986 Victoria Park was held by Ron Davies, who served as Opposition Leader from 1978 until 1981. Davies left parliament in 1986 after his appointment as Agent-General for Western Australia in London, and at the resulting by-election, held on 7 June 1986, Geoff Gallop, a lecturer at Murdoch University, was elected. In 1996, he followed his predecessor into the role of opposition leader, and just over four years later, became premier after Labor's victory at the 2001 election. He retired from politics and as premier on 16 January 2006 in order to aid his recovery from depression, and that "in the interests of my health and my family, I've decided to rethink my career." Labor's Ben Wyatt won the resulting by-election, with a 5% swing to the opposition Liberal candidate.
Of the five times the seat has changed members, four of them have occurred at by-elections (all except Hugh Andrew's win at the 1953 election), two of which have been caused by the death of the incumbent in office (Howard Raphael and Hugh Andrew). No incumbent member has ever been defeated.
Geography
Victoria Park is bounded by the Swan River to the north, Orrong Road to the northeast, Mills and Burton Streets to the southeast, Manning Road to the south, and Kent Street, Banksia Terrace and Hurlingham Road to the west. It includes the suburbs of Bentley, Burswood, Carlisle, East Victoria Park, Lathlain, St James, Victoria Park and parts of Kensington and Welshpool.
In the 2007 redistribution, the seat lost Cannington, Queens Park, Wilson and parts of Welshpool, while gaining parts of Kensington and all sections of East Victoria Park west of Berwick Street and Hill View Terrace which had been allocated to South Perth in the previous redistribution.
Members for Victoria Park
Election results
References
External links
Victoria Park
1930 establishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Victoria%20Park |
Posof (, formerly ) is a town in Ardahan Province of Turkey, in the far east of the country, 75 km from the city of Ardahan and near the border with Georgia. It is the seat of Posof District. Its population is 2,106 (2021).
The town is populated by Turks.
Geography
Posof is high in the mountains near the source of the River Çoruh, much of the district is pine forest. The town consists of the quarters Merkez and Doğrular.
References
Populated places in Ardahan Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Posof District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posof |
Sally Tayler (born c. 1961), is an Australian actress known for several ongoing roles in Australian soap operas.
Biography
She played the key role of Dr. Vicki Daniels in The Young Doctors in 1982–83. After that series ended she starred in the short-lived soap opera Waterloo Station (1983). In 1985 she played Samantha Morrell in Sons and Daughters.
In the early 1980s she travelled to the United Kingdom to work, scoring a guest role playing Lisa, an Australian 'hoister', in a 1983 episode of Minder along with former "Young Doctors" and Waterloo Station co-star, Julianne White.
She is the daughter of The Young Doctors actress Lyn James, who played Helen Gordon in the show, and the New Zealand-born producer and director, Eric Tayler.
Filmography
FILM
TELEVISION
External links
Living people
Australian television actresses
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Australian people of New Zealand descent
Australian people of Welsh descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally%20Tayler |
Pozantı (, formerly ) is a municipality and district of Adana Province, Turkey. Its area is 899 km2, and its population is 19,852 (2022). The town is in the highlands of Çukurova, and is a major gateway to the Mediterranean coasts. Pozantı stands in the foothills, at the bottom of one of the few passes through the mountains. The mayor is Mustafa Çay (MHP).
History
Pozantı has had a number of names. In antiquity it was Pendonsis or Pendosis, to the Arabs El Bedendum, and finally Bozantı and Pozantı in Turkish.
Standing at the entrance to a pass across the Taurus Mountains, Pendonsis was strategically important, as the gateway between the high plain of Anatolia and the low plain of Cilicia or Çukurova and the Middle East beyond. Pozantı has passed through the hands of Hittites, Persians, Alexander the Great, Rome and Byzantium. Muslim forces moved through the area in the period of the Abbasids, followed by the Turks after the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. During the Crusades, control of the pass was returned to the Byzantines, then the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and the Mamluks, before finally being brought under Ottoman control by Selim I in 1517.
Pozantı is windy and bleak, and for most of its history was a fort and a road-house, but more people began to live in the area permanently when a railway was built in 1917. However, passing trade on the road is still a major driver of the local economy.
Pozantı was briefly occupied by French forces at the end of World War I.
Composition
There are 21 neighbourhoods in Pozantı District:
Akçatekir
Alpu
Aşçıbekirli
Belemedik
Çamlıbel
Cumhuriyet
Dağdibi
Eskikonacık
Fındıklı
Gökbez
Hamidiye
İstiklal
Kamışlı
Karakışlakçı
Kurtuluş
Ömerli
Yağlıtaş
Yazıcık
Yenikonacık
Yukarıbelemedik
Zafer
Transportation
Pozantı Gar is the railway station of Pozantı, served by three main line services, connecting Pozantı to Adana, Niğde, Kayseri, Ankara and Karaman.
As the gateway to Çukurova, Pozantı is a stopping point for several coach companies that operate routes from Central Anatolia to Çukurova and further east.
Landmarks
The only historical building in the city center is the mosque and fountain of Ottoman general Cemal Paşa, built in 1919 and since repaired and extended. At the entrance to the pass are the old and new castles of Anhşa.
The Casemates of İbrahim Pasha, the remains of a 19th-century fort, are located on the hill named Tekir, next to the modern highway D.750. The ruins of the Byzantine town of Fenese lay near the village of Aşçıbekirli. More ruins have been found near the village of Kamışlı in the high meadows (yayla) of Ören and Asar.
See also
Padyandus
Belemedik
References
Populated places in Adana Province
Yaylas in Turkey
Districts of Adana Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozant%C4%B1 |
Pütürge or Pötürge () is a municipality and district of Malatya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,086 km2, and its population is 12,492 (2022). The mayor is Mikail Sülük (AKP).
Composition
There are 68 neighbourhoods in Pütürge District:
Ağalar
Aktarla
Aliçeri
Alihan
Arınlı
Arıtoprak
Arslankent
Bakımlı
Balpınarı
Başmezra
Bayırköy
Belenköy
Bölükkaya
Bölünmez
Büyüköz
Çamlıdere
Çayköy
Çengelli
Çığırlı
Çukuroymağı
Deredüzü
Erdemler
Ersele
Esencik
Esenlik
Gertan
Gözlüce
Gündeğer
Gündüz
Hatip
Karakaya
Karşıyaka
Kavaklıdere
Kayadere
Koçköy
Köklükaya
Körme
Korucak
Köylü
Kozluk
Meşedibi
Nohutlu
Örencik
Ormaniçi
Örmeli
Örnekköy
Pazarcık
Poskıran
Sahilköy
Şiro Taraksu
Söğütlü
Şükan
Taşbaşı
Taşmış
Taştepe
Tatlıcak
Tekederesi
Teluşağı
Tepehan
Üçyaka
Ulutaş
Uzunkoru
Uzuntaş
Yamaç
Yandere
Yazıca
Yediyol
Yeşildere
Demography
The district is populated by Kurds (both Alevi and Sunni).
References
Populated places in Malatya Province
Districts of Malatya Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Kurdish settlements in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%BCt%C3%BCrge |
Reşadiye is a town of Tokat Province, Turkey, located within the Cappadocia land within the Kızılırmak arc in the central part of the Black Sea region. It is the seat of Reşadiye District. Its population is 9,795 (2022). It is on the E80 highway, on the edge of the Kelkit Stream. Reşadiye is surrounded by Ordu in the north, Almus in the south, Niksar and Başçiftlik in the west and Sivas in the southeast. Reşadiye lies on the banks of the Kelkit River.
Terror attacks
The town was the scene of two major insurgent attacks during the Kurdish-Turkish conflict, the first one being the Sazak assault in 1997, a joint operation between the PKK, DHKP/C and the TKP/ML, killing 4 soldiers and the second being the Reşadiye shooting in 2009 in which the PKK killed 7 and injured 3 soldiers.
Notable people
Hüseyin Özer, Turkish-British executive chef and restaurateur
References
Populated places in Reşadiye District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%C5%9Fadiye |
The Gresham Palace (Gresham-palota) is a building in Budapest, Hungary; it is an example of Art Nouveau architecture. Completed in 1906 as an office and apartment building, it is today the Four Seasons Hotel Budapest Gresham Palace, a luxury hotel managed by Four Seasons Hotels. It is located along the River Danube, adjacent to Széchenyi Square and the eastern terminus of the Széchenyi Chain Bridge.
History
The site was once occupied by Nákó House, a neo-classical palace built in 1827. In 1880, the London-based Gresham Life Assurance Company bought the property, at a time when it was illegal for insurance companies in Great Britain to invest money in stocks, but rental income was an acceptable and legal investment. The company later decided to build its foreign headquarters on the site, and decided that they needed a grander setting for them. They commissioned local architects Zsigmond Quittner and Jozsef Vago to design the new structure, and in 1904, they began construction of the Gresham Palace, which was completed in 1906 and opened in 1907. It was named after the 16th-century English financier Sir Thomas Gresham, the founder of the Royal Exchange in London.
Originally, the palace served as an office building as well as a residence for senior staff of the Gresham company. During the occupation after World War II, the Red Army used the building as a barracks. Eventually, it became decrepit and was used as an apartment building during the People's Republic of Hungary. In 1990, following the end of the communist regime, the national government presented the palace to the city of Budapest.
Oberoi Hotels entered into an agreement to manage a hotel in the building in 1991, but ensuing legal battles with residents of the building caused Oberoi to drop out in 1995. In 1998, Gresco Investments Ltd acquired the building and received approval from the Budapest Heritage Board to reconstruct it as a luxury hotel while retaining its original Art Nouveau architecture. Gresco raised $85 million for renovations and in 1999 Four Seasons agreed to oversee the reconstruction and manage the new property.
In 2001, the building was bought by the Irish investment company Quinlan Private. They extensively rebuilt the structure as a luxury hotel, restoring such original details as a large staircase, stained glass, mosaics, ironwork, and winter gardens. The hotel reopened in June 2004. In November 2011, the hotel was bought by the State General Reserve Fund of Oman, though Four Seasons continues to manage it. It currently has 179 guest rooms, including 17 suites.
References
External links
Gresham Palace at funiq.hu
Art Nouveau apartment buildings
Art Nouveau architecture in Budapest
Art Nouveau commercial buildings
Art Nouveau hotels
Buildings and structures in Budapest
Four Seasons hotels and resorts
Hotel buildings completed in 1906
Hotels in Budapest
1906 establishments in Austria-Hungary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresham%20Palace |
Saimbeyli, historically known as Hadjin (), is a town and district of Adana Province, Turkey. Its area is 989 km2, and its population is 13,621 (2022). The town is located at the Taurus mountains of Cilicia region, 157 km north of the city of Adana.
Saimbeyli is on the Göksu river (one of the sources of the Seyhan, in a valley between the forested mountains of Dibek and Bakır. There is a pass through the mountains from here to Kayseri and the valley is watered by many mountain streams.
History and monuments
The area probably has the foundations of Hittite settlements. There is no evidence at present that it was occupied in the Roman period, but it seems likely.
The fortress of Saimbeyli may be the medieval Badimon or perhaps the castle of Berdus, which appears on the Coronation List of King Levon I of Cilician Armenia in A.D. 1198/99. This fortress, which guards the strategic road between Kayseri to the north and the Rubenid castle of Vahka to the south, stands on an outcrop at the junction of two valleys and two tributaries of the Seyhan River. The plan and masonry of Saimbeyli’s castle are identical to the military architecture in the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and undoubtedly date from the mid-12th century to the 13th century. Two large round towers with embrasured loopholes (shooting ports) guard the entrance at the northwest, while the remainder of the circuit is protected by steep cliffs below and three rounded salients. In the lower level of the salient in the east wall is the apse for a chapel. A well-preserved vaulted cistern is located near the southwest side of the ward. The exterior masonry consists of ashlar blocks with a rusticated facing. There is evidence of repair, perhaps into early modern times.
Opposite and below the fortress are the substantial remains of ecclesiastical and civilian architecture, which date from the 14th through the 19th century. The monastic complex dedicated to St. James is perched on the side of a tall hill at the northwest end of the village. The monastery may have a 12th century foundation, but it was rebuilt in 1554 by Bishop Khatchadour. In 1981 the foundation of an orphanage school was visible and only the east end of the large Church of St. James was standing. There was evidence of an underground crypt below the central apse of the church.
Population
At the beginning of the 20th century, Hadjin had an Armenian population of around 30,000. The Armenians had six churches, including the main Armenian Apostolic denomination, but also an Armenian Catholic and two Evangelical Armenian churches. The population worked in agriculture and various trades. They were subject to deportations and massacres during the Armenian genocide. After the end of World War I, in 1919, part of the Armenian population returned under the French Protectorate, but the French abandoned the city to Turkish rule, resulting in the Armenian rebellion and the eventual emptying of the city with the arrival of the Kemalist forces. The remaining Armenian population of Hadjin settled in various countries, notably Lebanon, Syria, France, the United States and Latin American countries. They established unions highlighting their city and achievements of its populations.
The Turkish authorities renamed the city Saimbeyli in the name of the Turkish military commander that retook the city under Turkish control.
In 1953, a town called Nor Hachn (New Hadjin) was founded in the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (now the Republic of Armenia) in memory of the city of Hadjin in Turkey. According to a census of 2015, Nor Hachn has a population of 9,400, The town also includes in its population some survivors and descendants of survivors of the genocide and a memorial built in memory of the Armenian victims of Hadjin and the Hadjin resistance. The memorial itself was inaugurated in 1974.
Composition
There are 28 neighbourhoods in Saimbeyli District:
Aksaağaç
Avcıpınarı
Ayvacık
Beypınarı
Çatak
Çeralan
Çorak
Cumhurlu
Değirmenciuşağı
Eyüplü
Fatih
Gökmenler
Gürleşen
Halilbeyli
Himmetli
İslam
Kandilli
Kapaklıkuyu
Karakuyu
Kızılağaç
Mahmutlu
Naltaş
Narlıdere
Topallar
Tülü
Yardibi
Yeniköy
Yeşilbağlar
Places of interest
Near the village of Bahçeköyü there is a castle perched on a rock.
Saimbeyli castle (known as Badimon in the Middle Ages)
References
External links
Ecotourism in Saimbeyli
District governor's office
Municipality of Saimbeyli
Ecotourism in Saimbeyli
Carefully documented photographic survey and plan of the fortress and church at Hadjin / Saimbeyli
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Populated places in Adana Province
Districts of Adana Province
Former Armenian communities in Adana Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saimbeyli |
Falls of Cruachan railway station is a railway station located at the foot of Ben Cruachan in Scotland. This station is on the Oban branch of the West Highland Line, originally part of the Callander and Oban Railway. It is sited between Taynuilt and Loch Awe, sited from Callander via Glen Ogle. ScotRail manage the station and operate all services.
History
The station (on the lower slopes of Ben Cruachan, above Loch Awe) opened on 1 October 1893 with a single platform, but was later closed on 1 November 1965.
Reopening
The station was reopened on 20 June 1988.
Signalling
Although Falls of Cruachan station has never had any signalling directly associated with it, its platform falls within the four mile stretch of railway that is protected by the Pass of Brander stone signals.
Accidents and incidents
The area near the station has been the site of five derailments due to the rock fall: in 1881, 1946, 1997, and in 2010, which proved the most significant.
On 6 June 2010, a two carriage train from Glasgow to derailed near Falls of Cruachan station. The train derailed shortly before 8.53 p.m. and was left balanced precariously on a embankment. There was also a minor fire. Sixty passengers had been on board the train, but all were safely evacuated down the line to the station with no major injuries. Nine people were injured. The train hit a boulder that had fallen onto the track. The train crew later received a commendation for the actions they took to protect their passengers.
Facilities
The station has no facilities bar an electronic display and a bench. There is no car park or drop-off point, as the only entrance is directly off the A85. The station does not have step-free access. As there are no facilities to purchase tickets, passengers must buy one in advance, or from the guard on the train. As the station does not have lighting, trains cannot call between dusk and dawn.
Passenger volume
The statistics cover twelve month periods that start in April.
Services
All services at Falls of Cruachan are operated by ScotRail. However, unlike other stations on the line, the station is only open in the summer months from March to October every year. This is because the station is mainly used by hikers in the summer months, who walk past the falls to climb Ben Cruachan.
When the station is operational, there are five trains each way (eastbound to , westbound to ) on weekdays and Saturdays, along with four each way on Sundays.
References
Bibliography
External links
Video footage of Falls of Cruachan railway station
Railway stations in Argyll and Bute
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1893
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1965
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1988
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Low usage railway stations in the United Kingdom
Beeching closures in Scotland
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Reopened railway stations in Great Britain | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falls%20of%20Cruachan%20railway%20station |
Salıpazarı is a municipality and district of Samsun Province, Turkey. Its area is 356 km2, and its population is 19,017 (2022). The mayor is Halil Akgül (AKP).
Composition
There are 44 neighbourhoods in Salıpazarı District:
Alanköy
Alanyakın
Albak
Avut
Bereket
Biçme
Çağlayan
Cevizli
Çiçekli
Dikencik
Düzköy
Esatçiftliği
Fatsalılar
Fidancık
Fındıklı
Gökçebaşı
Gökçeli
Güzelvatan
Kalfalı
Karacalar
Karacaören
Karadere
Karaman
Karayonca
Kırgıl
Kızılot
Kocalar
Konakören
Kuşcığaz
Merkez Kocalar
Mumlu
Muslubey
Orta
Sarıhasan
Suluca
Tacalan
Tahnal
Tepealtı
Yavaşbey
Yaylaköy
Yeni
Yenidoğan
Yeşilköy
Yukarıkestanepınar
References
Populated places in Samsun Province
Districts of Samsun Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal%C4%B1pazar%C4%B1 |
is an anime series directed by Tatsuo Sato and produced by Madhouse. Shingu aired from May 8, 2001, through December 4, 2001, on NHK. It ran for 26 episodes and was released on DVD on five volumes by The Right Stuf International in the United States.
On March 3, 2008, the series made its North American television debut on the Funimation Channel.
Story
The setting is in a fictional seaside town called Tenmo in the Kanagawa Prefecture. In the year 2070, an alien invasion of Tokyo is repelled by a mysterious giant being which is almost a monster in itself. This battle is witnessed by Subaru Muryou and his grandfather who comment about it and watch it as if this is nothing to be surprised or shocked about, even though everyone else seems panicked. Later, a middle schooler named Murata Hajime witnesses Muryou and a student council member, Kyouichi Moriguchi, fighting each other with some sort of super psychic powers. This causes a series of events which brings Hajime to the stunning discovery that almost everyone in his school seems to know about the giant that defeated the alien invasion over Tokyo. Further to his shock is that it seems everyone in the older part of Tenmo, the town he moved to a few years ago, holds this strange secret and in fact a deeper one, and has been holding it for many years.
The secret is that many of the leading families of the older part of the town have been using their powers and the power of the giant, called "Shingu", to protect Earth for centuries. As Hajime learns this, it comes as something of a shock to him that all of the current members of the middle school student council are actually the guardians of this secret and of Shingu itself for this current generation. This includes Student Vice President Nayuta Moriyama, who, as it turns out, guards one of the biggest parts of the secret of Shingu. While all of these discoveries are a huge enough shock to him, Hajime also discovers that many of the town's other residents are in fact intergalactic diplomats. The more he learns and the closer his friendship with Muryou, Nayuta and the other members of the student council becomes, the deeper he is drawn into this secret. Especially as his friendship with Nayuta and Muryou grows deeper, Hajime slowly begins to realize he has a very large role to play in the future of both Shingu and Earth's protection.
Characters
Voiced by: Issei Miyazaki (Japanese), Daniel Kevin Harrison (English)
This mysterious transfer student came to Misumaru Middle School wearing a 20th-century school uniform, something rarely seen in the year 2070. He's always calm and laid-back, but at the same time, he has secret powers that he rarely reveals. Little is known about Muryou; in fact, the more that's revealed about him, the more enigmatic he becomes. He seems to know something about the recent alien incidents, though, which makes Vice President Kyouichi instantly suspicious.
Voiced by: Kenji Nojima (Japanese), Billy Regan (English)
The narrator of our story. He's a middle-schooler, and the class rep for 2nd year homeroom C. After discovering that Muryou and Kyouichi have astonishing powers, he decides to keep track of all the strange events that start to unfold – but he soon finds himself more deeply involved than he bargained for. Hajime is very social, mature for his age, and adjusts well to even the most bizarre situations. He frequently breaks the fourth wall while narrating his feelings. The concept of speaking beyond the fourth wall can be considered in itself a great power.
Voiced by: Tomokazu Sugita (Janpanese), Dan Green (English)
Misumaru Middle School's passionate Student Vice President. He has a black belt in martial arts and a lightning-quick temper to match, but he's also very loyal and will stand by his friends no matter what. There appears to be some kind of connection between Kyouichi and Harumi; but at the moment, neither of them seems willing – or able – to acknowledge it. Despite all his harsh words, Kyouichi actually does have a soft side, and is hard not to like.
Voiced by: Romi Paku (Japanese), Angora Deb (English)
The other vice president at Misumaru Middle School; she's an honor student who always goes by the rules. Daughter of the Shrine Priest at the local Tenmo Shrine, Nayuta is very serious, almost to a fault. She has trouble expressing her emotions, and she doesn't like the idea of depending on anyone else.
Voiced by: Yuuji Ueda (Japanese), Brian Maillard (English)
Hachiyou is the student government president. His personality is very calm and quiet, but with a certain commanding presence – whenever trouble appears, Hachiyou is quick to take charge. He's a bit like a father figure for the group; with only a word from Hachiyou, even the hot-headed Nayuta and Kyouichi will calm down and follow his lead.
Voiced by: Yumiko Kobayashi (Japanese), Tara Jayne (English)
Shun is the student government secretary. He's always cheerful, no matter what the situation; he's also very sharp, and eloquent with his words. Perhaps that's why he's so incredibly popular amongst the students (especially the ladies!) Shun has many responsibilities around the school; he's often called on to be an announcer at events, and he's a member of the Theatre Club – a natural match for his acting skills.
Voiced by: Masumi Asano (Japanese), Jane Lingo (English)
The treasurer of the student government. She's quiet and demure, but also extremely resilient; she seems to deliberately avoid being in the spotlight, and usually hides her emotions. Harumi's role in the mystery that surrounds the Shingu is unclear, but one thing is certain – despite appearances, Harumi is a skilled fighter, and she takes her duties very seriously.
Voiced by: Wakana Yamazaki (Japanese), Megan Hollingshead (English)
Muryou's older sister. She's a college student who lives in Tokyo, but she often comes to Lady Momoe's home to visit Muryou. In fact, it's become a trademark of hers to stop by with all sorts of sweets from various parts of Japan. She's got a cheerful disposition, and sometimes seems a bit scatterbrained. But like many people in Hajime's life, there's more to her meets the eye... Setsuna has many hidden qualities, but one thing's for certain – she's very good at looking after people.
Voiced By: Noriko Hidaka (Japanese), Lisa Ortiz (English)
Hajime's mother. She has two children, Futaba (an elementary-schooler) and, of course, Hajime (a middle schooler). She's a young mother, and currently takes care of the kids and the house while her husband is away. Casual and easygoing, Kyoko's pretty laid back when it comes to the kids doing their schoolwork, but she's very strict about their manners. Kyoko is a woman of many skills; not only is she good at running the Murata household, but she plays a mean game of Bam Bam Sumo Tournament, too. She is employed by the local library to assist with taking ancient scrolls, old books and microfilms and converting them to a digital format. This involves memorizing the original, and sometimes having to translate the original, before entering it into the database.
Voiced by: Rie Kugimiya (Japanese), Angora Deb (English)
Hajime's younger sister. She's a bubbly sixth grader who tends to fall in love with her brother's friends, a prime example being Muryou. Always optimistic, energetic and curious, Futaba is never afraid to speak her mind. She and her brother fight like cats and dogs...but in truth, she loves her brother a lot.
Voiced by: Hisako Kyōda (Japanese), Rachael Lillis (English)
The Head Mistress of the Sanemori family. She holds an important position among the people of Tenmo, but the nature of her position has yet to be revealed. Momoe seems to know the truth about many things – Tenmo, Nayuta, even Muryou – so it's no surprise that when important events take place, Momoe is there to guide the way with her wisdom.
Voiced by: Kenichi Ono (Japanese), John Campbell (English)
He's a Velunnian who goes by many names: Aloha, Ve-yan, Jil...but the one he uses most is Jiltosh. While most aliens do their best to blend in, Jiltosh's happy-go-lucky persona has bubbled over into his appearance – you'll always be able to spot his wavy curls and bright red Hawaiian shirt. Jiltosh is a first-class diplomat, and every once in a while, you can tell that there's something hidden behind his cheerful smile...
Voiced by: Bon Ishihara (Japanese), Michael Alston Baley (English)
Hajime's homeroom teacher and also teaches Japanese history. He has a very mellow personality and at first glance, he seems like an average, ordinary man. But Mr. Yamamoto has an important role in policing the area and he can pull off some surprising fighting techniques! Mr. Yamamoto is an easy-going, approachable guy, and he's very popular amongst his students.
Voiced by: Yōko Sasaki (Japanese), Carol Jacobanis (English)
Hiromi Isozaki (if that is, in fact, her real name), is the phys-ed instructor and teacher at Misumaru Middle School...or is this just a front? She may seem unemotional at times, but she is very much attached to her students. No matter what happens, she always does her best to be calm and in control.
Voiced by: Shigeru Shibuya (Japanese), Marc Thompson (English)
Weinul is a lieutenant in the Zaiglian Space Force. Weinul is a man in search of the truth; and to that end, he's decided to blend in with the people of Earth. Just like other Zaiglians, he's very pokerfaced... But at the same time, he's also calm and collected, as any good lieutenant should be. Though he's not much of a talker, Weinul is always ready and willing to adapt to new situations.
Kazuo Murata
Voiced by: Tetsuo Sakaguchi (Japanese), Wayne Grayson (English)
Hajime's father. He's kept quite busy with his work for a private company at the Tanegashima Space Center so he doesn't get to spend much time at home. Kazuo is cheerful and easygoing, but he does have a certain mystique. He will occasionally break the "fourth wall", too.
Kanata Myouken
Voiced by: Kōsuke Okano (Japanese), Bill Rogers (English)
This mysterious figure first appears during the big judo match between Mischu and Miyanomori. He's there under the guise of a simple team helper, but there's more to him than meets the eye. Kanata is quiet, but extremely confident – and he has every reason to be.
Episodes
References
External links
TRSI Official Shingu: Secret of the Stellar Wars Website
2001 anime television series debuts
Anime with original screenplays
Madhouse (company)
NHK original programming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingu%3A%20Secret%20of%20the%20Stellar%20Wars |
Sandıklı is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Sandıklı District. Its population is 33,836 (2021). The mayor is Mustafa Çöl (AKP).
Sandıklı is famed for its marble quarries, its dairy cream kaymak, and its Turkish delight. People also come from all over Turkey to bathe in the hot springs and natural mud baths in the district.
History
From 1867 until 1922, Sandıklı was part of the Hüdavendigâr vilayet of the Ottoman Empire.
Notable natives
Nuri Bilgin Professor of psychology at Ege University in İzmir. Father of writer Elif Şafak.
Ahmet Inam writer and philosopher, at Middle East Technical University in Ankara.
References
Populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province
Spa towns in Turkey
Sandıklı District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand%C4%B1kl%C4%B1 |
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