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Sir Richard Ashmole Cooper, 2nd Baronet (11 August 1874 – 5 March 1946) was a British politician and a member of the Cooper Baronets, of Shenstone Court.
Biography
Cooper was educated at Clifton College, and succeeded to the baronetcy in 1913. He was Chairman of the chemical manufacturing firm Cooper, McDougall & Robertson.
He served in the Staffordshire Yeomanry (Queen's Own Royal Regiment), where he was appointed a lieutenant 26 March 1902.
He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Walsall in January 1910 general election, a seat he would hold until 1922. He founded the National Party with Sir Henry Page Croft in 1917 but stood at the 1918 election as an Independent Conservative. He was prominent, along with Croft, in the campaign against the Prime Minister David Lloyd George in July 1922 for selling honours.
Between 1896 and 1911, Cooper resided at Ashlyns Hall in Berkhamsted, leased from the Smith-Dorrien family.
He married Alice Priestland on 18 April 1900: the couple had three sons, including the 3rd and 4th Baronets. Cooper died in 1946 and is interred in the family vault in Rectory Lane Cemetery, Berkhamsted.
Family
Cooper married Alice Priestland in 1900.
References
Catalogue of Cooper's papers at LSE Archives.
Maurice Cowling, The Impact of Labour. 1920–1924 (Cambridge University Press, 1971).
External links
1874 births
People educated at Clifton College
1946 deaths
Cooper, Richard Ashmole, 2nd Baronet
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
UK MPs 1918–1922
Staffordshire Yeomanry officers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Richard%20Cooper%2C%202nd%20Baronet |
Sister of the Bride is a 1963 young adult novel by Beverly Cleary.
Plot summary
The plot revolves around sixteen-year-old Barbara MacLane, a girl in the suburbs of San Francisco grappling with disappointing romantic prospects, her worries about not being accepted into the University of California, Berkeley, and the fact that she will never catch up to her sister, Rosemary, who is two years older (and a student at Berkeley).
Barbara's feeling of being left in the dust by her sister only intensifies when Rosemary calls home and suddenly announces that she will marry her college sweetheart, Greg. Although this news comes as an unexpected and less-than-pleasant shock to their parents, Barbara becomes enthralled with the romantic details of the wedding, and promptly decides that if she is to be caught up to Rosemary in two years, she needs to step up her search for a boyfriend. Her two potential prospects are Tootie Bodger (Robin to his folks), a tall and rather gloomy trombone player who is more fond of Barbara than she is of him, and Bill Cunningham, a handsome classmate with a Vespa whom Barbara woos with homemade cookies (this somewhat misfires, as he comes to think of her as the "domestic" type and tries to get her to mend a shirt he ripped). Tootie is presented as plodding yet thoughtful, while Bill is conversely dashing but thoughtless.
However, as the stresses of Rosemary's wedding begin to pile up (tension between the lower-middle-class MacLanes and Greg's wealthy parents; the cost of the wedding and the short time frame granted to plan it in; and the sacrifices Rosemary and Greg must make (such as becoming landlords of a dumpy tenement to save on rent), Barbara begins to think that maybe she's not ready to live the life of a serious adult just yet.
At Rosemary's wedding, the sisters' elderly grandmother offers Barbara a bit of advice: "Have a good time while you are young," which Barbara apparently means to follow, focusing less on finding a special sweetheart and more on enjoying socializing with a variety of company and friends.
American young adult novels
1963 American novels
Novels by Beverly Cleary
Novels set in San Francisco
University of California, Berkeley
1963 children's books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sister%20of%20the%20Bride |
TFAE may refer to:
Mathematics
TFAE: "The Following Are Equivalent"
Chemistry
Pirkle's alcohol, or TFAE: 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)ethanol | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFAE |
St. James Catholic High School is a Grade 9 to 12 Catholic secondary school located in Guelph, Ontario and is part of the Wellington Catholic District School Board.
History
St. James was created in the 1950s as a junior high school for Catholic students but became a full high school in the mid-1980s. When the original Bishop Macdonell Catholic High School closed down in the mid-1990s, St. James inherited many of Bishop Mac's students along with Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic High School leading to a quick rise in school population and the subsequent construction of a new wing. Today, with the completion of the new Bishop Macdonell Catholic High School, most of the students come from the eastern and some northern parts of Guelph as well as from Wellington County.
See also
List of high schools in Ontario
References
Saint James Handbook
St. James History
External links
Wellington Catholic District School Board
Catholic secondary schools in Ontario
High schools in Guelph
Educational institutions established in 1952
1952 establishments in Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20James%20Catholic%20High%20School%20%28Guelph%29 |
August Herman Andresen (October 11, 1890 – January 14, 1958) was an American lawyer and politician from Minnesota. He served in the U.S. Congress as a Republican for thirty-one years.
Background
August Herman Andresen was born in Newark, Illinois to Reverend Ole and Anna Andresen. He graduated from St. Olaf College in 1912 and William Mitchell College of Law (then the St. Paul College of Law) in 1914.
Career
Andresen was first elected to Congress in 1925, serving the third district from 1925–1933, in the 69th, 70th, 71st, and 72nd congresses, and the first district from 1935 – 1958, in the 74th, 75th, 76th, 77th, 78th, 79th, 80th, 81st, 82nd, 83rd, 84th, and 85th congresses.
In 1947-8, he served on the Herter Committee.
By 1948, Andresen was the ranking member of the House Agriculture Committee. In 1952, Andresen had been one of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's finalists for Secretary of Agriculture, but Andresen declined to give up his seat. Andresen voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1957.
Personal life and death
In 1914 he married Julia Lien.
August H. Andresen died age 67 on January 14, 1958.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–99)
References
Other sources
External links
1890 births
1958 deaths
People from Kendall County, Illinois
Minnesota lawyers
People from Red Wing, Minnesota
American Lutherans
St. Olaf College alumni
William Mitchell College of Law alumni
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota
American people of Norwegian descent
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century Lutherans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August%20H.%20Andresen |
Brickfields is a neighbourhood (as well as an administrative zone) located on the western flank of central Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is known as Kuala Lumpur's Little India due to the high percentage of Indian residents and businesses. Brickfields has been ranked third in Airbnb's list of top trending destinations.
Brickfields is notable for being home to KL Sentral, Kuala Lumpur's central public transportation hub.
History
In 1881, a flood swept through Kuala Lumpur in the wake of a disastrous fire. These successive problems destroyed the town's structures of wood and atap (thatching). As a response, Frank Swettenham, the British Resident of Selangor, required that buildings be constructed of brick and tile. Hence, Kapitan Yap Ah Loy bought a sprawling piece of real estate, now Brickfields, for the setting up of a brick industry which would spur the rebuilding of Kuala Lumpur.
Later the area was developed by Yap Kwan Seng, the fifth and last Kapitan Cina of Kuala Lumpur. As a businessman, he foresaw an increased demand for bricks in fast-growing Kuala Lumpur and established a kiln in the district. The area soon became the centre for brick-making in the early days because the whole area was a clay pit and good quality bricks are made from clay. Therefore, Brickfields became synonymous with good quality bricks.
Brickfields also used to be the site of the main depot for Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) (Malayan Railway) during the administration of the British. The British authorities brought in people from Sri Lanka to work the railway and the depot. Many lived in quarters around Brickfields. Since then, the Indian community have lived and remained here and became citizens of Malaysia. Some of the old quarters can still be found around Jalan Rozario. Today, the depot has been transformed into KL Sentral, the city's central railway hub.
Brickfields is one of the pioneer settlements in Kuala Lumpur. Indeed, the whole stretch of Jalan Tun Sambanthan (formerly Jalan Brickfields) is interspersed with old colonial structures.
Lifestyle
Culture
Along Jalan Tun Sambanthan 4 is the century-old YMCA, which has become an integral landmark in Brickfields. Further down along Jalan Tun Sambanthan is the charming Vivekananda Ashramam built in the early 19th century.
Brickfields also houses historical government quarters built during the British era, which are under harm from rapid development. The 100 railway quarters in Jalan Rozario are still there, although modern buildings have cropped up all around. The "Hundred Quarters" are located at Jalan Chan Ah Tong. It was built in 1915 as terrace houses for junior servants. It is planned to be demolished for commercial development. As of June 2014, there have been no demolition works.
Brickfields is famous for its Indian food delights, especially the unique banana leaf rice and thosai (Indian pancake made from fermented rice flour).
The Malaysian Association for the Blind, located along Jalan Tebing, houses several blind people. They can be seen walking around Brickfields. Many have become familiar with the area, that they rarely encounter any problems walking around here. Most Brickfields has been equipped with tactile guided pathways designed to aid the blind in walking around the area.
The Temple of Fine Arts is located along Jalan Berhala. It is essentially a cultural organisation offering various courses relating to Southern Indian music, dance, and arts. It was founded in 1981 and has currently similar centres in Johor Bahru, Melaka, Penang, as well as centres around the world including India, Australia and Singapore. Besides offering courses, the organisation frequently organises Indian performances around Kuala Lumpur and has produced many artists progressing to international standards. They will be launching their state of art building soon, built upon the founding architecture of the old Temple of Fine Arts adjacent to the Maha Vihara Buddhist Temple. The new building will be a symbolic icon to the progress of arts and culture in Brickfields.
Places of Worship
Brickfields is also tagged as a "Divine Location" as many religious structures, some over 100 years old, are concentrated in the area, particularly Jalan Berhala. The aptly named road ("Berhala" means shrine) houses the Buddhist Maha Vihara and the Sri Sakthi Karpaga Vinayagar Temple.
Buddhist Maha Vihara was founded in 1894 by the Sasana Abhiwurdhi Wardhana Society, the oldest registered Buddhist Society Klang Valley. It has been managed by the Sinhalese Buddhist community and supported by the Chinese Buddhist and Indian Buddhist communities. The Wesak procession organised by the Buddhist Maha Vihara since the 1890s is the country's oldest and largest religious procession. The Wesak month-long celebrations attracted about 100,000 people every year.
The Sri Kandaswamy Temple is one of the most prominent Sri Lankan Tamil or Ceylonese Tamil temple located along with Jalan Scott. It is vast and showcases rich Tamil Architecture and has become a popular tourist attraction in Kuala Lumpur. This temple was built in 1902. They provide religious services such as house warming ceremonies and child 31st-day ceremonies. The Kalamandapam hall, which the 2nd Prime Minister of Malaysia officiated, holds wedding ceremonies and is also owned by this temple.
Both the Sri Kandaswamy Temple and Buddhist Maha Vihara stand testament to the influence of the Ceylonese in Brickfields, who was brought in to work on the Malayan Railways before World War II.
A sprinkling of churches of different denominations can also be found here. Among the larger churches in the area are the Holy Rosary Church (est. 1903), Our Lady of Fatima, and the Zion Lutheran Church. Most of which are located along Jalan Sultan Abdul Samad. There is also an Indian Orthodox Church called the St. Mary's Orthodox Syrian Cathedral in Jalan Tun Sambanthan Satu.
There is a Surau (small mosque) located on Jalan Sultan Abdul Samad called Madrasatul Gouthiyyah. Indian Muslims mainly attend this mosque, and the sermons are sometimes conducted in Tamil.
Finally, another significant landmark in Brickfields is the distinctive Chinese Temple known as Sam Kow Tong Temple (三教堂), which means "Hall of Three Teachings" along Jalan Thambillay. The Temple was founded in 1916 and belonged to the Heng Hua clan in Hokkien Province. There is also another Chinese Temple, Seng Hong Tokong (城隍庙) along Jalan Berhala.
Trade
Being the Little India of Kuala Lumpur, it has numerous shops that Indian businessmen own. There are spice shops, grocery outlets, sweet and snacks shops, textile shops, goldsmiths, hotels, restaurants, food stalls, printers and even flower stalls.
The headquarters of Malaysian Institute of Accountants can be found along Jalan Tun Sambanthan 3, which also contains many second-tier audit firms scattered around. There are also plenty of law firms all over Brickfields area.
Another popular business is the printing and paper distribution business which is concentrated along Jalan Sultan Abdul Samad.
The new Sentral Brickfields 3-storey commercial complex is located next to the Sri Kandaswamy Temple, offering 22 exclusive retail outlets with free parking and easy access via the Jalan Istana road. The new Sonali business showroom is located in this building. The tagline for Sentral Brickfields is The Riverside Family Center in Little India https://web.archive.org/web/20130827091334/http://www.sentralbrickfields.asia/
Infrastructure and facilities
Police station
The Brickfields police station closed end of 2010 and was temporarily relocated to Sri Petaling. The Brickfields District Police is one of the four police district headquarters in Kuala Lumpur. Its jurisdiction covers, among others, the area of Bangsar, Bukit Damansara, Taman Tun Dr Ismail, Taman Desa, Jalan Klang Lama, and Sri Petaling.
Schools
There are many schools located at Brickfields.
Secondary schools:
SMK Vivekananda, Brickfields
SMK La Salle School, Brickfields
Primary schools:
SK La Salle Brickfields 1 & 2
SK Brickfields 1 & 2
SK St. Theresa (1) & (2)
Methodist Girls School 1
SRJK (T) Vivekananda
SRJK (C) St Theresa
Private schools:
Global Indian International School, Kuala Lumpur
Havil International School
Colleges:
Brickfields Asia College
Methodist College Kuala Lumpur
Cultural/social organisations
YMCA
Sasana Abhiwurdhi Wardhana Society - Sinhalese based organisation
Temple of Fine Arts
Malaysian Association of the Blind
Rukun Tetangga Sektor Brickfields – A government base social body for Brickfields residents.
The Society For Deaf in Selangor And Federal Territory – A civil rights organisation for deaf and hard of hearing individuals. Formed in 1975.
Development
Brickfields has evolved from a residential to a commercial extension of downtown Kuala Lumpur. The KL Sentral development project is one of Kuala Lumpur's most significant development projects encompassing an area of 290,000 square metres. It includes the KL Sentral transportation hub, two hotels, condominiums, shopping complexes, a clubhouse, office buildings, as well as a convention and entertainment centre. Much of it is built on the former Keretapi Tanah Melayu marshalling yard here in Brickfields. The overall project is expected to be completed in 2012.
The rapid evolvement has left parts of Brickfields suspended in time. One can find small village type housing amidst the high-rise modern living complexes being constructed. There have been efforts to clean up the area of Brickfields outside the KL Sentral development area. Recently Brickfields' image as a notorious area with a high incidence of crime is slowly disappearing. There are brothels and massage parlors in Jalan Hicks and Jalan Thambipillay where prostitutes ply their trade.
Transport
Brickfields can be accessed through many ways:
KL Monorail: Tun Sambanthan and KL Sentral stations
Rapid KL's Kelana Jaya Line (LRT): KL Sentral station
MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line: Muzium Negara station
KTM Komuter: KL Sentral station
Express Rail Link: KL Sentral station
Rapid KL buses
The combination of the commercial activity, schools and residential traffic and Brickfields' location as one of the major access points into and out the city frequently results in bad traffic congestion in the mornings and evenings.
Notable people
Ananda Krishnan, one of Malaysia and South East Asia's richest men, grew up in Brickfields and studied at the Vivekananda Tamil school.
Bastianpillai Paul Nicholas, Malaysia's first Asian banker.
Tan Sri Devaki Krishnan, the first Malaysian woman to stand for election.
References
Further reading
Baxstrom, Richard (2008). Houses in Motion: The Experience of Place and the Problem of Belief in Urban Malaysia. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 304 pp. .
Baxstrom, Richard (2010). Transforming Brickfields: Development and Governance in a Malaysian City. Singapore: National University of Singapore Press. 283 pp. .
Moses, Balan (2007). Brickfields: A Place, A Time, A Memory. Kuala Lumpur. 207 pp. .
Willford, Andrew (2006). Cage of Freedom: Tamil Identity and the Ethnic Fetish in Malaysia. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 360 pp. .
External links
Tourism Malaysia – Little India Brickfields
Ethnic enclaves in Malaysia
Indian-Malaysian culture
Little Indias
Suburbs in Kuala Lumpur
Red-light districts in Malaysia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brickfields%2C%20Kuala%20Lumpur |
Samantha Tabak (born January 3, 1982) is an American voice actress. For a brief time, she was also a cast member of the Nickelodeon sketch comedy series, All That.
Roles
Anime
Angel Tales - Akane the Fox
Girls Bravo - Lilica Stacy, Narration, Student C (ep. 2)
Haibane Renmei - Haibane of Abandoned Factory
Hellsing - Integra Hellsing (young)
Ikki Tousen – Shimei Ryomou
Melody of Oblivion – Toune Requiem
NieA Under 7 – Mayuko Chigasaki
Read or Die – Wendy Earhart
R.O.D. the TV – Nenene Sumiregawa
Spirit of Wonder Scientific Boys Club – Windy
Starship Girl Yamamoto Yohko II – Sylvie Dread
I My Me! Strawberry Eggs – Ai Mikage
Other
Disfigured (2008) – Cordelia
Even Stevens (2002) – Lady Jane (Episode: The King Sloppy)
Rave (2000) – Trace
The Secret Kingdom (1998) – Callie Fremont
All That (1997) – Player
References
External links
1982 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Pennsylvania
American child actresses
American television actresses
American video game actresses
American voice actresses
Living people
Actors from Reading, Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricia%20Dickson |
Harry William Hays, (December 25, 1909 – May 4, 1982) was a Canadian politician, 27th Mayor of Calgary, Cabinet minister in the government of Lester Pearson, and Senator from Alberta.
Personal life
Born in Carstairs, Alberta, Hays had several careers related to agriculture. He was an auctioneer, rancher and breeder as well as a radio broadcaster. He was a founding member and president of the Alberta Poultry Breeders' Association and also served as president of the Alberta Holstein Breeders' Association. He led the Canadian Swine Breeders during World War II when it initiated the "Bacon for Britain" campaign of increased production as part of the war effort. In the 1950s, he pioneered exporting cattle by airplane allowing the Canadian industry to develop new markets in Mexico and the United Kingdom. Hays is the creator and namesake of the Hays Converter beef cattle breed.
Harry Hays is credited with starting the Calgary Stampede pancake breakfast tradition.
In 1934 Hays married Muriel Biglund and had one son Daniel Hays, who was a former member of the Senate of Canada appointed in 1984 where he served as Speaker and Leader of the Opposition.
Political life
Mayor of Calgary
While Hays had never run for political office prior to 1959, it was generally believed that he made his 1959 run at the urging of business colleagues who were concerned about the City of Calgary's rising debt, which would reach $82 million in 1960. In 1959 Hays would sell his dairy farm on the southern outskirts of the city to developers for $1 million, the land would eventually form the community of Haysboro.
Hays was elected the 27th Mayor of Calgary in the October 1959 Calgary municipal election. Hays defeated popular incumbent Mayor Donald Hugh MacKay following the damning report from the Turcotte Inquiry which concluded MacKay had used his position as Mayor for improper personal gain. Turcotte would note that MacKay "derived a direct improper advantage through his position as mayor". Hays would be re-elected for a second term in the 1961 Calgary municipal election. Harry Hays resigned effective June 30, 1963, Grant MacEwan appointed as Mayor by Council and sworn on July 3, 1963.
During his time as Mayor, it was noted that Hays quickly gained the confidence of Council, city commissioners, the press and public, which made him an attractive candidate for Pearson's Liberals. Hays campaigned on more efficiency in government, and the creation of a robust business climate. For his 1961 re-election, Hays made good on his election promise to reduce debt, claiming he had lowered the per capita debt by $11.
Following pressure by Hays directed to the Canadian Pacific Railway regarding a lack of development on the downtown rail right-of-way, the CPR would dispatch employee and future City of Calgary Mayor Rod Sykes to work with Hays to reach a solution. In June 1962 Sykes and Hays would announce CPR led development into a two-block project east of the Palliser Hotel. Hays did not inform his colleagues on council of the announcement, besides Alderman Jack Leslie, and would be censured by in a following council meeting. Despite the rebuke by his peers, Hays was defiant noting "You will be getting these projects from me as long as I am in the chair (Mayor)", to which his fellow councillors reacted by capitulation to the comments, recognizing the power and influence Hays held. The CPR redevelopment scheme would eventually fail to materialize by June 1964.
Harry Hays would also prove to be an ardent supporter of the Calgary Municipal Airport and its continued growth. Hays would lead a delegation to Ottawa to lobby the Department of Transport and Minister of Transport George Hees to provide the Airport with official "International Status". The federal government did not agree with the request, but as a compromise renamed the passenger terminal from "Calgary Municipal Airport" to "Calgary International Airport". Public and council support ensured the remaining area of the airport including the runway would remain called "McCall Field" after Calgary aviator and First World War ace Fred McCall.
Federal politics
Hays was recruited by Lester Pearson to run for the Liberals in the 1963 federal election in Calgary South, defeating Progressive Conservative opponent, current Aldermen, and future Calgary Mayor Jack Leslie. Hays would be the only Liberal Member of Parliament elected in Alberta or Saskatchewan. At the time, Calgary South was considered a conservative stronghold and Hays would have a difficult contest against his conservative opponent Leslie. Hays was able to garner significant financial support through his 60-person-strong "Citizens for Hays Committee", which included Aldermen Grant MacEwan and P.N.R. Morrison, and several prominent businessmen including Carl Nickle, James K. Gray, Harry Cohen, Jack Pierce, and Peter Rule. On April 5, just three days prior to the federal election, Hays would announce an agreement with CPR for a "$35 Million Face-Lift for Calgary" which would result in "a rebuilt downtown within two decades." Hays' opponent Jack Leslie would later admit to seeing this announcement as a political ploy.
Upon his election Hays would join Pearson's cabinet as Minister of Agriculture. Hays was often absent from the House and initially continued to serve as Calgary's mayor after his election to parliament. He also continued his work as an auctioneer as well as his volunteer duties for the Rotary Club.
Hays had little formal education and was popular for his down to earth manner of living and talking and often swore and used poor grammar and colourful expressions. He described his agricultural policy by saying "We want a flush-toilet, not an outhouse, farm economy for Canada". However, some of his views were unpopular with farmers, such as his opposition to farm subsidies. He advocated a minimum guaranteed income for farmers and a system of marketing boards. During his tenure as minister the Dairy Commission Act was introduced establishing an agency to purchase, store and market dairy products. He was also responsible for the Farm Machinery Syndicate Credit Act which extended loans to farmers to buy machinery co-operatively. Journalist Walter Stewart once wrote of Hays that "No minister seems more inept inside Parliament and few get so much done outside it."
Hays also established the Western College of Veterinary Medicine in Saskatoon and was responsible for expanding crop insurance and introducing a national farm accounting system.
Hays and Tory Alvin Hamilton were bitter rivals with Hamilton denigrating Hays' efforts regularly. Hays once challenged Hamilton to prove he could beat Hays in a cow milking contest but the competition never came to pass.
Hays was defeated in his attempt to retain his seat in the 1965 federal election by Progressive Conservative candidate and two-term Calgary Aldermen Ray Ballard by a margin of 115 votes. Hays loss can be attributed to the limited popularity of the Liberal government in Alberta, however, Hays was appointed to the Senate of Canada in 1966 on the advice of Pearson and served on the Senate's agriculture committee for a number of years.
In 1980 he co-chaired the special joined committee of the Senate and House of Commons on the Canadian Constitution and was an advocate of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and of reducing the Senate's power to veto legislation approved by the House of Commons.
Later life
He died in office in 1982 following heart surgery.
Honours
The federal building in downtown Calgary at 220 4 Ave SE, the Harry Hays Building, is named in his honour. The building is an 8-story, 671,500 square foot building covering an entire block next to the Bow River, designed by Chandler Kennedy and completed in 1978.
The provincial electoral district Calgary-Hays located in Southern Calgary is named in his honour.
The community of Haysboro in Calgary, was built on land Harry Hays sold in 1959.
Archives
There is a Harry William Hays fonds at Library and Archives Canada.
See also
Hays Converter
References
Sources
Notes
Further reading
External links
Biography of Hays at the Department of Agriculture
1909 births
1982 deaths
Mayors of Calgary
Canadian senators from Alberta
20th-century Canadian farmers
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Liberal Party of Canada senators
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
People from Carstairs, Alberta
Calgary city councillors
20th-century Canadian politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Hays |
In Windows Shell programming, the Windows Shell namespace is an organized tree-structured hierarchical representation that Windows Explorer facilitates to graphically present file system contents and other objects to the end user. Conceptually, the Shell namespace may be regarded as a larger and more inclusive version of the file system.
The Shell namespace is a hierarchical tree that consists of the wide variety of objects that make up the system.
Types of objects
Specifically, the Shell namespace consists of two basic types of objects, namely files and folders. Folder objects, which are containers for file objects and other folders called subdirectories, are the nodes of the tree, while file objects are the leaves of the namespace tree. Objects in the Shell namespace can represent physically stored file system objects such as files and folders, or can be virtual objects such as the My Network Places and Recycle Bin "virtual folders".
The folders and data files that reside on physical computer disk drives are the most numerous and familiar of these objects; although, through extensions the Shell also provides access to various virtual objects that may not involve physical storage at all. Consequentially, there are folders that do not reside on the physical file system, which are referred to as virtual folders. Likewise, there are virtual file objects that do not reside on the physical file system. Virtual Shell objects are used throughout the Windows Shell. On the Desktop, Shell launchers are implemented through a built-in shell extension. The Windows Shell utilizes virtual Shell objects to conceptually represent computer peripherals and network devices, such as printers and routers. Virtual Shell objects can function as Shell links and execute commands when invoked by the user. For example, in Windows XP and other versions, "rundll32.exe" shell32.dll,Options_RunDLL 0 is executed on the command line when a user launches the "Folder Options" applet in the Control Panel.
The user's Desktop is a special folder that resides at the root of the Shell namespace. Although this folder maps by default to a physical folder stored in the user's profile folder, the special desktop folder is represented as a distinct object from the physical desktop folder. The same holds true with the "My Documents" (Windows 95 through XP) or user "Documents" (Windows Vista+) folder.
See also
Windows Explorer
Special folder
My Documents
External links
Creating Shell Extension Handlers
Understanding Shell Namespace Extensions
Introduction to the Shell Namespace
Windows Shell functions at codebot
Windows administration | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20Shell%20namespace |
Little Diamond Brook is a tributary of the Passaic River which flows south through a section of Bergen County in New Jersey. Heading up the approximately two mile long brook from the Passaic River, one encounters the towns of Fair Lawn and Glen Rock.
Little Diamond Brook is considered to be in part of the Goffle Brook drainage basin, but it has no junctions with Goffle Brook and is separated from it by two brooks, Diamond Brook (a neighboring brook considered to be its larger counterpart), and Stevenson Brook, which both flow south to the Passaic River between Goffle Brook and Little Diamond Brook. Both Little Diamond Brook and Diamond Brook terminate at the Passaic River in proximity to each other.
See also
List of rivers of New Jersey
External links
TopoQuest map depicting Little Diamond Brook south of Henderson Blvd in Fair Lawn
Rivers of Bergen County, New Jersey
Tributaries of the Passaic River
Rivers of New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Diamond%20Brook |
Rex Alan Wright (born in Sydney, New South Wales alongside his twin brother Mark Wright) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s. He played for the North Sydney Bears in the New South Wales Rugby League competition. He also made one appearance at representative level for New South Wales. His position of choice was at .
Wright is one of only three players ever to have been selected to play for New South Wales in the Rugby League State of Origin series whilst not actually playing in the NSWRL at the time. Wright was playing for North Newcastle in the Newcastle Rugby League when he was selected in 1984 for his sole representative appearance.
After his retirement in 1987, Wright went on to become an assistant coach to Royce Simmons at the Penrith Panthers. He then became the HPE and Sport Coordinator at Masada College and Glenunga International High School.
Career playing statistics
Point scoring summary
Matches played
Sources
Whiticker, Alan & Hudson, Glen (2006) The Encyclopedia of Rugby League Players, Gavin Allen Publishing, Sydney
References
Australian rugby league coaches
Australian rugby league players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
North Sydney Bears players
Living people
Rugby league hookers
1959 births
Rugby league players from Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex%20Wright |
Benjamin Woodbridge Dwight (1816–1889) was an American minister, educator, scholar and author.
Life
Benjamin Woodbridge Dwight was born April 5, 1816, in New Haven, Connecticut. His father was physician Benjamin Woolsey Dwight (1780–1850), and paternal grandfather was Yale University president Timothy Dwight. His mother was Sophia Woodbridge Strong (1793–1861).
In 1831 the family moved to Clinton, Oneida County, New York, where his father served as treasurer of Hamilton College after giving up his medical business. His uncle Sereno Edwards Dwight became Hamilton College's president in 1833.
He graduated from Hamilton College in 1835 and the Yale Theological Seminary in 1838. He returned to Hamilton College to work as a tutor until 1842.
He founded the Congregational church at Joliet, Illinois, in 1844 and served as its pastor for two years.
After moving to Brooklyn, New York, in 1846, he founded a private high school, which he operated for 12 years.
In 1858 he moved back to Clinton and opened Dwight's Rural High School, with Reverend David A. Holbrook and Henry P. Bristol as associates. In 1863 Dwight opened another similar school in New York City on Broadway.
The Clinton school burned down in April 1865. In 1867 Dwight returned to Clinton and devoted his time to writing, including works on education, philology, a short biography of his father and a massive two-volume history of thousands of his cousins and ancestors.
He died on September 18, 1889.
Dwight married Jane Dewey on July 29, 1846. She was born April 20, 1823, had four children, and died August 23, 1864. He then married Charlotte Sophia Parish on December 22, 1865. She was born April 29, 1827, and had one child. Children were: Eliza Dewey Dwight born February 21, 1850; Sophia Edwards Dwight born April 8, 1853; Francis Edwin Dwight born December 11, 1856; Issabella Jane Dwight born November 11, 1861; and Bertha Woolsey Dwight born May 13, 1867.
His younger brother was lawyer Theodore William Dwight (1822–1892).
His publications included:
He prepared two more that were not published: Woman's Higher Culture and The True Doctrine of Divine Providence.
See also
New England Dwight family
References
Further reading
American educators
19th-century American historians
19th-century American male writers
Hamilton College (New York) alumni
American Congregationalists
Writers from New Haven, Connecticut
1816 births
1889 deaths
Congregationalist writers
American school administrators
Woolsey family
American male non-fiction writers
Historians from Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Woodbridge%20Dwight |
Anthony Maria Irudayam (born 1956 in Chennai, India) is a two-time World Carrom Champion and nine-time national champion of India. He was awarded the prestigious Arjuna Award, a sporting honour presented by the Government of India, in 1996. As of 2007, he is the only person to have received the award for carrom. He is the current secretary of the Chennai District Carrom Association. He has rued over lack of sponsorship in carrom over the years.
Career
After dropping out of school at the age of 14, he started playing carrom at the age of 17 representing local clubs. He won his first local carrom tournament in 1977. He was encouraged by his family and friends to play carrom against veterans.
Several times, he was member of the Indian team winning a team event in a tournament. This was the case with the International Carrom Federation Cup in 1989 and 1997, the World Carrom Championships in 1991, 1995 and 2000, the SAARC Carrom Championship between 1997 and 1999, the US Open International Carrom Tournament in 1996 as well as the French Open International Carrom Tournament in 1998.
In addition to this, Irudayam became champion (singles) at the World Carrom Championship in 1991 (where he also became doubles champion with R. Arokiaraj) and 1995, at the Champions Championship in 1998, at the French Open International Carrom Tournament in 1998 as well as at the SAARC Carrom Championship in 1998 (where he also became doubles champion with Jagan Bengle in 1999.
In 1995 Carrom World Cup which was held at Colombo, he won the men's singles title and he emerged as runners-up along with R. Arokiaraj to fellow Indian pair in the men's doubles final. Moreover, Irudayam made the top three in a lot of championships in the 1990s. In the 2000 Carrom World Cup, he finished at fourth position in the men's singles. He was later employed in the Railways. He currently runs and operates his own coaching club in Chennai.
He was announced as one of the judges by All-India Carrom Federation for the 2020 Online World Carrom Challenge.
Personal life
In 2012, Irudayam's wife died after she was run over by a truck near Chennai.
Legacy
Indian actor Dhanush partly played his role as a carrom player in the 2018 Tamil film Vada Chennai.
Awards
Best Student Sportsman Award by the Tamil Nadu Sports Journalist Association.
Outstanding Sports Person of Tamil Nadu Award.
Best International Sports and of his Community. (1996)
Arjuna Award by the government of India. (1997)
Best International Player Award by the German Carrom Federation. (1998)
References
External links
A. Maria Irudayam profile at Sportal
Tamil sportspeople
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Indian carrom players
Living people
1956 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
Cue sports players from Tamil Nadu
Sportspeople from Chennai
Game players from Tamil Nadu | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20Maria%20Irudayam |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Belknap County, New Hampshire.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Belknap County, New Hampshire, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 47 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire
References
Belknap | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Belknap%20County%2C%20New%20Hampshire |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Carroll County, New Hampshire.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Carroll County, New Hampshire, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 59 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire
Notes
References
Carroll | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Carroll%20County%2C%20New%20Hampshire |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cheshire County, New Hampshire.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 155 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark District.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire
References
Cheshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Cheshire%20County%2C%20New%20Hampshire |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New Hampshire.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Sullivan County, New Hampshire, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 68 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks.
Current listings
|}
Former listings
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire
References
Sullivan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Sullivan%20County%2C%20New%20Hampshire |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockingham County, New Hampshire.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 132 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 12 National Historic Landmarks.
Current listings
|}
Former listings
Two properties in the county have been de-listed from the register:
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire
References
Rockingham | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Rockingham%20County%2C%20New%20Hampshire |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Strafford County, New Hampshire.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 45 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including one National Historic Landmark.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire
References
Strafford | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Strafford%20County%2C%20New%20Hampshire |
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 109 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks.
Current listings
|}
Former listing
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire
References
Hillsborough | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Hillsborough%20County%2C%20New%20Hampshire |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Merrimack County, New Hampshire.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Merrimack County, New Hampshire, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 88 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire
References
Merrimack | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Merrimack%20County%2C%20New%20Hampshire |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Grafton County, New Hampshire.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 78 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including one National Historic Landmark.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire
Notes
References
Grafton | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Grafton%20County%2C%20New%20Hampshire |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Coös County, New Hampshire.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Coös County, New Hampshire, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 33 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in New Hampshire
National Register of Historic Places listings in New Hampshire
References
Coos | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Co%C3%B6s%20County%2C%20New%20Hampshire |
The Windows shell is the graphical user interface for the Microsoft Windows operating system. Its readily identifiable elements consist of the desktop, the taskbar, the Start menu, the task switcher and the AutoPlay feature. On some versions of Windows, it also includes Flip 3D and the charms. In Windows 10, the Windows Shell Experience Host interface drives visuals like the Start Menu, Action Center, Taskbar, and Task View/Timeline. However, the Windows shell also implements a shell namespace that enables computer programs running on Windows to access the computer's resources via the hierarchy of shell objects. "Desktop" is the top object of the hierarchy; below it there are a number of files and folders stored on the disk, as well as a number of special folders whose contents are either virtual or dynamically created. Recycle Bin, Libraries, Control Panel, This PC and Network are examples of such shell objects.
The Windows shell, as it is known today, is an evolution of what began with Windows 95, released in 1995. It is intimately identified with File Explorer, a Windows component that can browse the whole shell namespace.
Features
Desktop
Windows Desktop is a full-screen window rendered behind all other windows. It hosts the user's wallpaper and an array of computer icons representing:
Files and folders: Users and software may store computer files and folders on Windows desktop. Naturally, on a newly installed version of Windows, such items do not exist. Software installers commonly place files known as shortcuts on the desktop, allowing users to launch installed software. Users may store personal documents on the desktop.
Special folders: Apart from ordinary files and folders, special folders (also known as "shell folders") may appear on the desktop. Unlike ordinary folders, special folders do not point to an absolute location on a hard disk drive. Rather, they may open a folder whose location differs from computer to computer (e.g. Documents), a virtual folder whose contents is an aggregate of several folders on disk (e.g. Recycle Bin or Libraries) or a folder window whose content is not files, but rather user interface elements rendered as icons for convenience (e.g. Network). They may even open windows that do not resemble a folder at all (e.g. Control Panel).
Windows Vista and Windows 7 (and the corresponding versions of Windows Server) allowed Windows Desktop Gadgets to appear on the desktop.
Taskbar
Windows taskbar is a toolbar-like element that, by default, appears as a horizontal bar at the bottom of the desktop. It may be relocated to the top, left or right edges of the screen. Starting with Windows 98, its size can be changed. The taskbar can be configured to stay on top of all applications or to collapse and hide when it is not used. Depending on the version of operating system installed, the following elements may appear on the taskbar respectively from left to right:
Start button: Provides access to the Start menu. Removed in Windows 8 (but can be added using third-party software), in favor of the Start charm (see below), only to be reinstated in Windows 8.1. Pictured as a Windows logo.
Quick Links menu: Added in Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012. Invoked by right-clicking on the Start button, or pressing . Grants access to several frequently used features of Windows, such as accessing the desktop, Settings, Windows Command Processor, Windows Power Shell, and File Explorer.
List of open windows: Along the length of the taskbar, open windows are represented by their corresponding program icons. And once pinned, they will remain even after their respective windows are closed. Until Windows 7, the operating system displayed active windows as depressed buttons in this list. Starting with Windows 7, the icon for each open window is framed by a translucent box, and multiple open windows for the same program can be accessed by clicking the program's icon. When the open window icon is hovered over with the mouse, a preview of the open window is shown above the icon. However, the taskbar can be changed to function more as it does with older versions of Windows. Starting from Windows 7, the open windows icons can be configured to show the program icon only, referred to as "combining taskbar buttons", or give the program name alongside the program icon.
Shortcuts: An update to Windows 95 and Windows NT 4 added a Quick Launch Bar that can hold file, program, and action shortcuts, including by default the "show desktop" command. Windows 7 merged this area into the list of open windows by adding "pinning" and "jump list" features.
Deskbands: Toolbars provided by Windows or other programs for easier access to that program's functions; for more information, see
Notification area: Allows programs to display icons representing their status as well as pop-up notifications associated with those icons. By default, Windows volume control, network status, Action Center, date and time are displayed in this area. Windows 11 combines the notification center and clock/calendar into one menu.
"Show desktop" button: Allows users to access their desktops. It is moved from the left of the Taskbar as a Quick Launch shortcut to the rightmost side as its own dedicated hover button in Windows 7. Not initially visible in Windows 8. Once the mouse cursor is hovered upon for a second, makes all windows transparent as long as the pointer stays over the button, thus showing the desktop without switching to it: this feature requiring Aero. Clicking the button dismisses all open windows and transfers the focus to the desktop. Clicking it again before selecting any other window reverts the action. This feature also available on Windows 8, 8.1, 10, and 11.
Task View: A function in Windows 10 and 11 allowing the user to view and manage open windows and virtual desktops. The 1803 version includes the Timeline, adding the ability to view and open previously used apps over a certain period of time. Task View can be accessed by pressing the Task View button on the taskbar, or by pressing Windows Key+Tab on the keyboard. Timeline was removed in Windows 11.
Cortana and Search: User can utilize Microsoft's Cortana Virtual Assistant, which enables internet searches, searches for apps and features on the PC, and searches for files and documents. Cortana can be accessed by clicking the search bar, pressing the microphone button, saying "Hey Cortana", or by pressing Windows Key+C on the keyboard. Searches can be initiated by also pressing the search bar, or by pressing Windows Key+Q on the keyboard.
Action Center: Introduced in Windows 7, the Action Center gave notifications and tips on boosting computer performance and security. In Windows 10, the Action Center serves as a place for all notifications to reside, as well as the location of frequently used settings, such as screen brightness, wireless connectivity, VPNs, Bluetooth, projector connections, and wireless display connections. Replacing the Charms from Windows 8, the Windows 10 Action Center can be accessed by pressing the speech bubble icon on the taskbar, pressing Windows Key+A on the keyboard, or, if using a touchscreen, swiping from the right. In Windows 11, the Action Center was removed in favor of the Quick Settings menu and the notification center. Windows Key + A now opens Quick Settings, while Windows Key + N opens the notification center.
Widgets: Windows 11 introduced a "Widgets" feature which replaces the functionality of live tiles seen in the Windows 8 and 10 Start Menus. By signing in with a Microsoft Account, the user can personalize the information they wish to see in the Widgets panel, including weather, news, sports, calendar events, etc. Widgets are not a replacement for Desktop Gadgets found in Windows Vista and Windows 7.
Quick Settings: A taskbar menu introduced in Windows 11 that unifies the functionality of Windows 10's Action Center and system tray icons. Network settings, battery, and sound settings can be accessed by clicking on the Quick Settings menu, as well as accessibility options, Bluetooth toggle, screen brightness, Focus Assist, and other features. Media playback controls are now housed in the Quick Settings menu instead of a hovering menu like in Windows 10.
Task switching
Task switcher is a feature present in Windows 3.0 and all subsequent versions of Windows. It allows a user to cycle through existing application windows by holding down the key and tapping the key. Starting with Windows 95, as long as the key is pressed, a list of active windows is displayed, allowing the user to cycle through the list by tapping the key. An alternative to this form of switching is using the mouse to click on a visible portion of an inactive window. However, may be used to switch out of a full screen window. This is particularly useful in video games that lock, restrict or alter mouse interactions for the purpose of the game. Starting with Windows Vista, Windows Desktop is included in the list and can be activated this way.
Windows 7 introduced Aero Flip (renamed Windows Flip in Windows 8). When the user holds down the key, Aero Flip causes only the contents of the selected window to be displayed. The remaining windows are replaced with transparent glass-like sheets that give an impression where the inactive window is located.
Windows 8 introduced Metro-style apps, which did not appear when was pressed. (They have to be switched with their own dedicated task switcher, activated through the combination.) Windows 8.1 extended to manage the Metro-style apps as well.
Windows 10 and 11 have a unified task switcher called Task View, which manages not only application windows but virtual desktops as well.
Aero Flip 3D
Flip 3D is a supplemental task switcher. It was introduced with Windows Vista and removed in Windows 8. It is invoked by holding down the key and tapping the key. As long as the key remains pressed, Windows displays all application windows, including the Desktop, in an isometric view, diagonally across the screen from the top left corner to the bottom right corner. The active window at the time of pressing the key is placed in front of the others. This view is maintained while key is held down. and cycle through the open windows, so that the user can preview them. When the key is released, the Flip 3D view is dismissed and the selected window comes to the front and into focus.
Charms
Windows 8 added a bar containing a set of five shortcuts known as the "charms", invoked by moving the mouse cursor into the top or bottom right-hand corners of the screen, or by swiping from the right edge of a compatible touchpad or touch screen. This feature was retained in 8.1.
Windows 10 removed the charms and moved the commands associated with them into the system menu of each application. For users with touch screens, swiping from the right of the touch screen now shows Action Center.
Removed Start Menu Functions
Starting with Windows 95, all versions of Windows feature a form of Start menu, usually by this very same name. Depending on the version of Windows, the menu features the following:
Launching applications: The menu's primary function is to present a list of shortcuts for installed software, allowing users to launch them. Windows 8 and 10 utilize tiles in the start menu, allowing the user to display icons of different sizes, and arrange icons as the user chooses. Microsoft Store Metro-style apps can utilize live tiles, which are used to add visual effects and provide, for example, notifications for a specific app, such as Email notifications for Windows Mail.
Invoking special folders: Until Windows 8, the Start menu was a mean of invoking special folders such as Computer, Network, Control Panel, etc. In Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012, the only special folder that can be invoked from the Start screen is the desktop. Windows 10 restored this functionality.
Searching: Starting with Windows Vista, searching for installed software, files and folders became a function of the Start menu. Windows 10 ended this tradition by moving the search into taskbar.
Managing power states: Logging off and shutdown has always been a function of the Start menu. In Windows 8, the shutdown function was moved out of the Start screen, only to be brought back in Windows 8.1 Update (in April 2014) with a sufficiently high screen resolution. Computer power states can also be managed by pressing Alt+F4 while focused on desktop, or by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del.
AutoPlay
AutoPlay is a feature introduced in Windows XP that examines newly inserted removable media for content and displays a dialog containing options related to the type and content of that media. The possible choices are provided by installed software: it is thus not to be confused with the related AutoRun feature, configured by a file on the media itself, although AutoRun is selectable as an AutoPlay option when both are enabled.
Relation with File Explorer
File Explorer is a Windows component that can browse the shell namespace. In other words, it can browse disks, files and folders as a file manager would, but can also access Control Panel, dial-up network objects, and other elements introduced above. In addition, the explorer.exe executable, which is responsible for launching File Explorer, is also responsible for launching the taskbar, the Start menu and part of the desktop. However, the task switcher, the charms, or AutoPlay operate even when all instances of the explorer.exe process are closed, and other computer programs can still access the shell namespace without it. Initially called Windows Explorer, its name was changed to File Explorer beginning with Windows 8, although the program name remains explorer.exe.
History
MS-DOS Executive
The first public demonstration of Windows, in 1983, had a simplistic shell called the Session Control Layer, which served as a constantly visible menu at the bottom of the screen. Clicking on Run would display a list of programs that one could launch, and clicking on Session Control would display a list of programs already running so one could switch between them.
Windows 1.0, shipped in November 1985, introduced MS-DOS Executive, a simple file manager that differentiated between files and folders by bold type. It lacked support for icons, although this made the program somewhat faster than the file manager that came with Windows 3.0. Programs could be launched by double-clicking on them. Files could be filtered for executable type, or by a user-selected wildcard, and the display mode could be toggled between full and compact descriptions. The file date column was not Y2K compliant.
Windows 2.0 made no significant change to MS-DOS Executive.
Program Manager
Windows 3.0, introduced in May 1990, shipped with a new shell called Program Manager. Based on Microsoft's work with OS/2 Desktop Manager, Program Manager sorted program shortcuts into groups. Unlike Desktop Manager, these groups were housed in a single window, in order to show off Microsoft's new Multiple Document Interface.
Program Manager in Windows 3.1 introduced wrappable icon titles, along with the new Startup group, which Program Manager would check on launch and start any programs contained within. Program Manager was also ported to Windows NT 3.1, and was retained through Windows NT 3.51.
Start menu
Windows 95 introduced a new shell. The desktop became an interactive area that could contain files (including file shortcuts), folders, and special folders such as My Computer, Network Neighborhood and Recycle Bin. Windows Explorer, which replaced File Manager, opened both ordinary and special folders. The taskbar was introduced, which maintained buttons representing open windows, a digital clock, a notifications area for background processes and their notifications, and the Start button, which invoked the Start menu. The Start menu contains links to settings, recently used files and, like its predecessor Program Manager, shortcuts and program groups.
Program Manager is also included in Windows 95 for backward compatibility, in case the user disliked the new interface. This is included with all versions of Windows up to and including Windows XP Service Pack 1. In SP2 and SP3, PROGMAN.EXE is just an icon library, and it was completely removed from Windows Vista in 2006.
The new shell was also ported to Windows NT, initially released as the NewShell update for Windows NT 3.51 and then fully integrated into Windows NT 4.0.
Windows Desktop Update
In early 1996, Netscape announced that the next release of its browser, codenamed "Constellation", would completely integrate with Windows and add a new shell, codenamed "HomePort", which would present the same files and shortcuts no matter which machine a user logged into. Microsoft started working on a similar Internet Explorer release, codenamed "Nashville". Internet Explorer 4.0 was redesigned and resulted in two products: the standalone Internet Explorer 4 and Windows Desktop Update, which updated the shell with features such as Active Desktop, Active Channels, Web folders, desktop toolbars such as the Quick Launch bars, ability to minimize windows by clicking their button on the taskbar, HTML-based folder customization, single click launching, image thumbnails, folder infotips, web view in folders, Back and Forward navigation buttons, larger toolbar buttons with text labels, favorites, file attributes in Details view, and an address bar in Windows Explorer, among other features. It also introduced the My Documents shell folder.
Future Windows releases, like Windows 95C (OSR 2.5) and Windows 98, included Internet Explorer 4 and the features of the Windows Desktop Update already built in. Improvements were made in Windows 2000 and Windows ME, such as personalized menus, ability to drag and sort menu items, sort by name function in menus, cascading Start menu special folders, customizable toolbars for Explorer, auto-complete in Windows Explorer address bar and Run box, displaying comments in file shortcuts as tooltips, advanced file type association features, extensible columns in Details view (IColumnProvider interface), icon overlays, places bar in common dialogs, high-color notification area icons and a search pane in Explorer.
Start menu and taskbar changes
Windows XP introduced a new Start Menu, with shortcuts to shell locations on the right and a list of most frequently used applications on the left. It also grouped taskbar buttons from the same program if the taskbar got too crowded, and hid notification icons if they had not been used for a while. For the first time, Windows XP hid most of the shell folders from the desktop by default, leaving only the Recycle Bin (although the user could get them back if they desired). Windows XP also introduced numerous other shell enhancements.
In the early days of the Longhorn project, an experimental sidebar, with plugins similar to taskbar plugins and a notifications history was built into the shell. However, when Longhorn was reset the integrated sidebar was discarded in favor of a separate executable file, sidebar.exe, which provided Web-enabled gadgets, thus replacing Active Desktop.
Windows Vista introduced a searchable Start menu and live taskbar previews to the Windows shell. It also introduced a redesigned Alt-Tab switcher which included live previews, and Flip 3D, an application switcher that would rotate through application windows in a fashion similar to a Rolodex when the user pressed the Win-Tab key combination. Windows 7 added 'pinned' shortcuts and 'jump lists' to the taskbar, and automatically grouped program windows into one icon (although this could be disabled).
Windows Server 2008 introduced the possibility to have a Windows installation without the shell, which results in fewer processes loaded and running.
Windows 8 removed Flip 3D in order to repurpose Win-Tab for displaying an application switcher sidebar containing live previews of active Windows Store apps for users without touchscreens.
Windows 10 added the possibility to have more than one virtual desktop, known as Task View, to group active program windows to their own virtual desktop. It is possible to navigate through these desktops using Ctrl+Win+Left or Right arrows, or by clicking on an icon in the taskbar, and creating them with Ctrl+Win+D. Win-Tab was repurposed to invoke an overview of all active windows and virtual desktops. Windows 10 also added Cortana to the Start menu, to provide interaction with the shell through vocal commands. Newer versions of Windows 10 include recent Microsoft Edge tabs in the Alt-Tab menu, which can be disabled to only show open programs, as is the behavior in prior versions of the operating system.
Shell replacements
Windows supports the ability to replace the Windows shell with another program. A number of third party shells exist that can be used in place of the standard Windows shell.
See also
DOS Shell
Command Prompt
References
External links
Shell
Graphical user interfaces
Desktop environments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20shell |
Frederick Palmer may refer to:
Frederick Palmer (engineer) (1860–1934), British civil engineer
Frederick Palmer (journalist) (1873–1958), American writer and war correspondent
Frederick William Palmer (1891–1955), World War I Victoria Cross recipient
Frederick Christian Palmer (1866–1941), photographer
Frederick F. Palmer (1925–1992), U.S. Navy admiral
Frederick John Palmer, English photographer
F. W. J. Palmer (1864–1947), English civil engineer, structural engineer and surveyor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Palmer |
The Italian Socialists (I Socialisti Italiani) was a minor social-democratic political party in Italy.
History
The party was founded on 7 February 2006 as the result of a split from the New Italian Socialist Party (NPSI) by the wing favourable to a political alliance with The Union on the centre-left, and an immediate discontinuance of ties with the centre-right House of Freedoms. The party was originally led by Bobo Craxi, son of the late Bettino Craxi, former leader of the Italian Socialist Party and former Prime Minister of Italy.
In the 2006 general election the party was part of The Union coalition, being present only in few constituencies and thus gaining only 0.3% of the vote for the Chamber of Deputies and 0.4% for the Senate. The party saw none of its members elected and even Craxi, who had a place on The Olive Tree electoral list, was not elected, leaving the party without representation in Parliament. However, the centre-left coalition won the election and Craxi was appointed Under-Secretary of Foreign Affairs in the Prodi II Cabinet.
The first party convention, held on 10–11 March 2007, elected unanimously Saverio Zavettieri as party secretary and deliberated the change in name from The Socialists (I Socialisti) to The Italian Socialists. The party also discussed and rejected the opportunity to join the Democratic Party.
In July 2007, the party decided to merge into the modern-day Italian Socialist Party (PSI), which was launched on 5 October 2007, but, in July 2008, Zavettieri left that party and re-organised The Italian Socialists. In October 2009 also Craxi left the PSI, paving the way for a new party with Zavettieri into which The Italian Socialists were finally merged, the United Socialists.
References
External links
Official website
2006 establishments in Italy
2009 disestablishments in Italy
Defunct social democratic parties in Italy
Political parties disestablished in 2009
Political parties established in 2006
Defunct political parties in Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Italian%20Socialists |
Shimmer Magazine was a quarterly magazine which published speculative fiction, with a focus on material that is dark, humorous or strange. Established in June 2005, Shimmer was published in digest format and Portable Document Format (PDF) and was edited by Beth Wodzinski. Shimmer featured stories from award-winning authors Jay Lake and Ken Scholes; comic book artist Karl Kesel also contributed artwork. The magazine ceased publication with issue 46 published in November 2018.
History
In mid-April 2005, Beth Wodzinski began having "vague thoughts" about starting an on-line, downloadable zine. While worried that she wouldn't have much time to devote to such a project, she wanted to support authors who wrote the kind of stories she liked, and to reject authors who wrote "alright" instead of "all right." About a month later, Beth came up with the ideal name for her zine: "Shimmer."
Beth then recruited a few on-line friends to help develop the magazine. J.L. Radley, Jon Willesen, and Chris Hansen came on board, and Shimmer moved from its conception phase to its development and business model phase. Rather quickly, it became evident that more help would be needed, and Mary Robinette Kowal joined the Shimmery Staff as Art Director. Beth, Mary Robinette, and J.L. Radley all met on-line at Orson Scott Card's Hatrack River Writers Workshop forum.
Barely a few weeks into development, a conversation on an on-line message board for writers precipitated a major discussion among the Shimmery Staff that changed how Shimmer would be delivered to its readers. Shimmer, Beth decided, would be a printed magazine. Though risky and requiring some more capital than initially planned for, Shimmer debuted as a digest-sized printed magazine with a perfect-bound glossy, color cover. Shimmer has since been well received by readers and critics; and esteemed Editor Ellen Datlow (whose interview appears in the Winter 2006 issue) wrote that Shimmer is "worthwhile" in the summary section of 2005 Year's Best Fantasy and Horror anthology.
Contributor payment
Since August 2012, Shimmer has paid US$0.05/word, considered the minimum professional rate for speculative fiction writing. Contributors to earlier editions were paid lower rates (US $5/piece for the debut issue, Autumn 2005, rising to $10 for the next two issues and to $0.01/word in July 2006).
Circulation
To date, no mention of Shimmer'''s circulation totals, either print or electronic, appeared on the official website or elsewhere on the Internet. There were, however, two "news" posts on the Shimmer site which claimed Shimmer placed fifth on Clarkesworld Books Bestseller List (magazines), one in April and another in June, 2006.www.shimmerzine.com - news posting 28 June 2006
Other
All story and artwork submissions were received electronically via e-mail. The magazine's Submissions Wrangler removed all personally-identifiable information from a manuscript and then forwarded the story to one of its editors, who read the story "blind." This, Shimmer claims in its submission guidelines, allowed for editors to judge whether a story merits acceptance based solely on the story and not which author submitted it. There were other publications which use a similar acceptance and rejection process. All stories that were not accepted received personal rejection letters and feedback from the editor(s).
John Joseph Adams, a.k.a. "The Slush God," assistant editor of Fantasy and Science Fiction, edited the magazine's special Pirate issue in Summer 2007.
One story from each issue was selected for an audio recording, sometimes read by the author who wrote the story.
There is (or was) another Shimmer Magazine published in Australia, with content geared towards women's fashion, but it is unclear if the Australian Shimmer is still in publication; this uncertainty is based on its website, which does not appear to have been updated since 2004.
The Issues
Autumn 2005 Vol. 1 Issue 1
Stories and AuthorsSour Hands - Kuzhali ManickavelNobody's Fool - Edward CoxWhite Burn - Stephen M. DareValley of the Shadow (cover) - Dario CirielloBook Review: The Traveler - John Joseph AdamsAn Interrupted Nap - Richard S. CrawfordFinders Keepers - J. Albert BellThe Shoppers - Michael MathewsAnd Death Will Seize the Doctor, Too - Jeremiah SwansonA Convocation of Clowns - Mel Cameron
Artists & Illustrations
Cover: Act of Love - Sam Tsohonis
p. 6: Ezhil's mangoes - Mary Robinette Kowal (staff)
p. 16: Lucy - Chrissy Ellsworth
p. 23: The Wheels on the Bus - Chrissy Ellsworth
p. 29: Portrait of Kim - Stephanie Rodriguez
p. 39: Memories of Edgar - Stephanie Rodriguez
p. 55: Outside Woolworth's - Mary Robinette Kowal (staff)
Winter 2006 Vol. 1 Issue 2
Stories and AuthorsAction Team-Ups Number Thirty-Seven - Ken ScholesSell Your Soul to the Devil Blues - Tom PendergrassRoute Nine - Samantha HendersonThe Goldsmith - Ian CreaseyMusic in D Minor - Erynn MilesInterview with Ellen DatlowNeighbor - Jason A.D. MacDonaldThe Persian Box - Gerald CostlowOne-Leaf-Two - Edo MorThe Black Back-Lands (cover) - Jay Lake
Artists & Illustrations
Cover: It's Not Easy Being Evil - Chrissy Ellsworth
p. 8: Action Team-up Number Thirty-Seven - Karl Kesel
p. 15: Sell Your Soul to the Devil Blues - Stephen R. Stanley
p. 24: Route Nine - Chrissy Ellsworth
p. 28: Goldsmith - Mary Robinette Kowal (staff)
p. 35: The City - Liz Clarke
p. 59: The Persian Box - Unknown Persian Artist
Spring 2006 Vol. 1 Issue 3
Stories and AuthorsDog Thinks Ahead - Clifford Royal JohnsDrevka's Rain - Marina T. SternThe Dealer's Hands - Paul AbbamondiMelancholix - Joseph RemyLitany - John MantoothBook Review: The Draco Tavern - John Joseph AdamsRubber Boots, Mr. President - Bruce K. DerksenPaper Man - Darby HarnA Warrior's Death (cover) - Aliette de BodardThe Little Match Girl - Angela Slatter
Artists & Illustrations
Cover: Wheel of Six Realms of Rebirth - David Ho
p. 7: Drevka's Rain - Joy Marchand (staff)
p. 22: Melancholix - Joseph Remy
p. 28: Litany - Frank Harper
p. 34: Electric Man 1 - Paul Guinan
p. 61: A Warrior's Death - Stephen R. Stanley
Back cover: The Difference - David Ho
Summer 2006 Vol. 1 Issue 4
Stories and authorsThe Crow's Caw - Amal El-MohtarOscar's Temple - Stephen L. MossAlways Greener - Paul AbbamondiBluebeard (cover) - Angela SlatterInterview with Kevin J. Anderson and Rebecca Moesta - Ken Scholes and Jen WestGnome Season - Michael LivingstonOn the Edge of the World - Marina T. SternUrban Renewal - Tom PendergrassA Fish Tale - Beverly Jackson
Artists and Illustrations
Cover: Little Pearl - Chrissy Ellsworth
p. 19: Oscar's Temple - Stephen Stanley
p. 25: Lucy and the Centaur - Chrissy Ellsworth
p. 33: Breath Like Champagne - Chrissy Ellsworth
p. 49: Gnome Season - Mary Robinette Kowal (staff)
p. 63: On the Edge of the World - Sandro Castelli
Back Cover: Bluebeard'' - Lucy Ellsworth (sic; presumably Chrissy Ellsworth)
Autumn 2006 Vol. 1 Issue 5
Stories and Authors
Artists & Illustrations
Winter 2007 Vol. 1 Issue 6
Stories and Authors
Artists & Illustrations
Autumn 2007 Vol. 1 Issue 7
(The Pirate Issue)
Stories and Authors
Artists & Illustrations
Winter 2008 Vol. 1 Issue 9
(The Art Issue)
Stories and Authors
Artists & Illustrations
Spring 2009 Vol. 1 Issue 9
Stories and Authors
Artists & Illustrations
Spring 2009 Vol. 1 Issue 10
Stories and Authors
"Blue Joe" - Stephanie Burgis
"The Carnivale of Abandoned Tales" - Caitlyn Paxson
"A Painter, A Sheep, and a Boa Constrictor" - Nir Yaniv (Translated from the Hebrew by Lavie Tidhar)
"One for Sorrow" - Shweta Narayan
"The Bride Price" - Richard S. Crawford
"Jaguar Woman" - Silvia Moreno-Garcia
"Firefly Igloo" - Caroline M. Yoachim
"The Fox and the King's Beard" - Jessica Paige Wick
"Interview with Cory Doctorow" - Jen West
"River Water" - Becca De La Rosa
"What to Do with the Dead" - Claude Lalumière
"The Spoils of Springfield" - Alex Wilson
"Counting Down to the End of the Universe" - Sara Genge
See also
Fantasy fiction magazine
Horror fiction magazine
Science fiction magazine
References
External links
The official website of Shimmer Magazine
Tangent Reviews of Shimmer
Apex Online interviews Mary Robinette Kowal
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Science fiction magazines published in the United States
Fantasy fiction magazines
Defunct literary magazines published in the United States
Downloadable magazines
Magazines established in 2005
Magazines disestablished in 2018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimmer%20Magazine |
Terance Gerald "Terry" Roberts (28 January 1946 – 18 February 2006) was a member of the South Australian Legislative Council between 1985 and 2006. At the time of his death, he was a Minister for Aboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation and Correctional Services in the South Australian government.
Roberts was born and educated in Millicent, South Australia. After leaving school, he worked for several years as a ship's engineer and watchkeeper. He also had a brief stint working in parole and pre-release centre while working in London for a year. Roberts later worked as an official for the Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union (CFMEU) and was a member of the Australian Labor Party for most of his life.
He was elected to the Legislative Council in 1985 and served as a backbencher until 1993. After Labor went into Opposition, he was appointed as a Shadow Minister for Aboriginal Affairs and Correctional Services.
Roberts was appointed to the Cabinet after the election of the Rann Government. As the Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, he added more sacred sites to the Aboriginal Heritage Register than any other minister.
He was diagnosed as having pancreatic cancer in 2005 while surgery was being done on a bile duct obstruction. Roberts extended sick leave to undertake chemotherapy and radiation therapy before returning to work. While he returned to work in the middle of 2005, he died during February 2006.
The vacancy created in the upper house was filled in May 2006 by Bernard Finnigan.
References
ABC Online "Tribute flow following SA Minister's death" 19 February 2006.
Ninemsn, "Tributes flow following death of SA MP" 19 February 2006.
1946 births
2006 deaths
Members of the South Australian Legislative Council
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of South Australia
People from Millicent, South Australia
20th-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Roberts |
Ströms vattudal is an extensive water system in the northern parts of Jämtland in Sweden. The water system stretches from Kvarnbergsvattnet in the north, close to Gäddede on the border to Norway, to Russfjärden in Strömsund in the south where it flows into Faxälven near Ulriksfors.
Drainage basins of the Baltic Sea
Rivers of Jämtland County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%B6ms%20vattudal |
Gary Zukav (born October 17, 1942) is an American spiritual teacher and the author of four consecutive New York Times Best Sellers. Beginning in 1998, he appeared more than 30 times on The Oprah Winfrey Show to discuss transformation in human consciousness concepts presented in his book The Seat of the Soul. His first book, The Dancing Wu Li Masters (1979), won a U.S. National Book Award.
Life
Gary Zukav was born in Port Arthur, Texas, the elder of two children of Morris Luis "Morey" and Lorene (née Weinberg) Zukav. His father owned a jewelry store in Pittsburg, Kansas, and his mother was a housewife who raised him and his younger sister. Gary spent his early childhood in San Antonio and Houston. His family moved to Pittsburg, Kansas in 1952, while he was in fourth grade. In 1960, he graduated from Pittsburg High School as valedictorian. During that time he became an Eagle Scout, Governor of Kansas Boy's State, President of the Student Council, and Kansas State Debate championship team member twice.
In 1959, Gary received a scholarship to Harvard and matriculated high school in 1960. In his junior year at Harvard he left to motorcycle in Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East before returning the following year. In 1964, he was deeply moved by the murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner in Philadelphia, Mississippi, and worked as a summer volunteer for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in Jackson, Mississippi, under the direction of Charles Evers, brother of the slain Medgar Evers. In 1965, he graduated from Harvard. That same year he enlisted in the U.S. Army and entered U.S. Army Infantry Officer Candidate School. He was made a second lieutenant in 1966. He volunteered for the U.S. Army Special Forces (Green Berets), completed parachute training (Fort Benning, Georgia), and U.S. Army Special Warfare School (Fort Bragg, North Carolina), then served as a detachment executive officer in Okinawa and Vietnam, participating in top secret operations in Vietnam and Laos. He left Vietnam after the Tet Offensive of January 1968 and was discharged from the army in 1968 as a first lieutenant.
Zukav returned to the U.S. in 1970 and moved to San Francisco, California. He recounts this period as an emotionally volatile time of sexual addiction, motorcycles, anger and drug-abuse. This continued until 1975 when his roommate, Jack Sarfatti, took him to visit the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory where Zukav became intrigued by quantum physics. He began writing his first book, The Dancing Wu Li Masters, written with extensive help from Jack Sarfatti and other physicists he met through Sarfatti, as described in David Kaiser's book How the Hippies Saved Physics. He later described this book as his "first gift to Life". In 1987 he moved to Mount Shasta, California, where he lived in a cabin as a self-described "secular monk" and spent time in the surrounding wilderness. In 1993 he met and later married Linda Francis. They co-founded the Seat of the Soul Institute in 1998 and moved to Ashland, Oregon, in 2000.
Writing career
Christopher Lehmann-Haupt reviewed The Dancing Wu Li Masters in The New York Times March 28, 1979.
He called it a book that manages to explain relativity and a lot more without resorting to a single bit of mathematics (except for asking you to grasp the not-too-onerous concept that the velocity of light, a constant 186,000 miles per second, is a product of its frequency and wavelength). After all, Mr. Zukav writes, "The fact is that physics is not mathematics. Physics, in essence, is simple wonder at the way things are and a divine (some call it compulsive) interest in how that is so. Mathematics is the tool of physics, stripped of mathematics, physics becomes pure enchantment."
The review also acclaimed Zukav as one of those rare gifted teachers who makes you feel as if you're ahead of the lesson, jumping happily to conclusions he hasn't yet seen (though of course he has). And when he does arrive at those conclusions, he often states them in the words of their original discoverers, which suddenly seem as simple as "Pat the Bunny" and flatter you into thinking you could have understood them in their original context on your own. The drama built into Mr. Zukav's presentation is considerable. It begins with his introduction of an Oriental dimension. The Chinese name for "physics", "wu li", also means (depending upon how it is pronounced) "patterns of organic energy", "my way", "nonsense", "I clutch my ideas" and "enlightenment". These six meanings, not only become the title of the book's six sections – for instance, "Nonsense" is the heading of the one on Einstein's ideas, which is divided into chapters called "Beginner's Mind", "Special Nonsense", and "General Nonsense" – they also serve to shape the leitmotif of Mr. Zukav's discussion that relates modern physics to Oriental religion.
Dancing Wu Li Masters was also reviewed by the scientific community.
Robert H. March, Professor of Physics at the University of Wisconsin, wrote in Physics Today in August 1979, "Dealing with general relativity [Zukav] manages to convey the profound mental shift required to reduce physics to geometry. This is a neat trick, considering that he addresses an audience familiar with neither physics nor non-Euclidian geometry."
Martin Gardner, mathematician and science writer for Scientific American, wrote in a book review: "Zukav is such a skillful expositor, with such an amiable style, that it is hard to imagine a layman who would not find this book enjoyable and informative."
David Bohm, renowned quantum physicist, wrote a personal endorsement provided to the book's publisher Harper Collins: "Recommended highly for those who want to understand the essential significance of modern physics, and for those who are concerned with its implications for possible transformation of human consciousness."
Zukav's next book, The Seat of the Soul, published in 1989, was a No. 1 New York Times Best Seller for 31 weeks and remained on the list for three years. In an interview by Jeffrey Mishlove, for the popular Public Television series Thinking Allowed, Zukav summarized the concepts presented in The Seat of the Soul.
My objective was not to make the soul legitimate in terms of science. The soul is legitimate, period. It doesn't need validation. At least that was my perception and so I wrote The Seat of the Soul to share the things that were most important to me. The Dancing Wu Li Masters was designed to open the mind and The Seat of the Soul, is a book designed to open the heart. And this is often the sequence that many people encounter as they move into an expanded awareness of who they are and why they are here.
Our evolution, until very recently, has been as five sensory humans evolving through the exploration of physical reality. That is the same thing as the pursuit of external power. Now we have crossed the threshold, we're in new territory, a brand new domain. We are now becoming multi sensory. That means we are no longer confined to the five senses. Now I use these terms because the five senses together form a single sensory system and the object of that sensory system is physical reality. That's what it is designed to detect. As we become multi sensory, we move beyond the limitations of the five senses and we now are evolving to a different mechanism in the exploration of physical reality. We are evolving through responsible choice of and with the assistance and guidance of non physical guides and teachers.
We are spiritual beings, we have always been spiritual beings and we will always be spiritual beings. The difference is that now we are becoming aware of ourselves as spiritual beings and that is making all the difference.
In 1998 Zukav began an ongoing conversation with Oprah Winfrey, appearing on her television show 35 times – more than any other guest. Oprah, who keeps a copy of The Seat of the Soul at her bedside, proclaimed: "The Seat of the Soul is my favorite book of all time, except for the Bible." Her favorite quote from The Seat of the Soul: "Every action, thought, and feeling is motivated by an intention, and that intention is a cause that exists as one with an effect.... In this most profound way, we are held responsible for every action, thought, and feeling, which is to say, for our every intention."
Zukav's third book, Soul Stories (2000), provides examples of people creating what he calls "authentic power." Thoughts from the Seat of the Soul: Meditations for Souls in Progress (2001) offered daily quotes for meditation. The principles in The Seat of the Soul were elaborated in The Heart of the Soul: Emotional Awareness (2002), The Mind of the Soul: Responsible Choice (2003) and Self-Empowerment Journal (2003), a journaling workbook co-authored with Zukav's wife, Linda Francis, and intended as a companion volume to The Mind of the Soul. Soul to Soul: Communications from the Heart (2007) addresses questions about love, fear, choice, responsibility, and intuition. Spiritual Partnership: The Journey to Authentic Power (2010) suggests guidelines for individuals engaged in relationship for the purpose of spiritual development.
In 1999 Zukav and Linda Francis co-founded the Seat of the Soul Institute. It offers programs and tools to develop emotional awareness, responsible choice, intuition, trust, and spiritual partnerships. Events and programs include an annual retreat, lectures, and workshops.
Teachings
Zukav introduces the concept of the alignment of personality with soul as the creation of "authentic power". He asserts that a transformation of humanity is underway from a species that is limited to the perceptions of the five senses, evolves by surviving, and survives by pursuing "external power", which he defines as the ability to manipulate and control, into a species that is not limited to the perceptions of the five senses, evolves by growing spiritually, and grows spiritually by creating authentic power. He further asserts that this transformation brings with it the new potential of authentic power and that the pursuit of external power is henceforth counter-productive to our evolution and produces only violence and destruction.
According to Zukav, creating authentic power is a highly personal endeavor that requires the development of emotional awareness, responsible choice, intuition, and trust in the Universe, which he describes as "alive, wise, and compassionate". He asserts that each individual can create authentic power only for himself or herself. He defines intention as a "quality of consciousness that infuses an action", i.e., the reason or motivation for the action, and choice of intention as the "fundamental creative act" that each individual performs continually, whether unconsciously or consciously. Creating authentic power requires consciously choosing intentions that create consequences for which the chooser is willing to assume responsibility (responsible choice), which requires emotional awareness, and which intuition can assist.
Zukav distinguishes the "Old Male" (five-sensory, protector, provider) and the "Old Female" (five-sensory, child bearer, homemaker) who join in marriage in order to enhance probabilities of survival and comfort from the emerging "New Male" (multi sensory, intuitive, emotionally aware) and the "New Female" (multi sensory, capable in all chosen endeavors) who join in a new kind of relationship in order to create authentic power and assist each other in creating authentic power. He calls this relationship "spiritual partnership" and defines it as "partnership between equals for the purpose of spiritual growth". According to Zukav, "spiritual growth now requires relationships of substance and depth" and only spiritual partnerships are able to support all multi sensory individuals (not only couples) in creating authentic power. Zukav posits the "Universal Human" as the ultimate potential of the emerging multi sensory humanity – a human who is "beyond nation, religion, race, sex, and economic status; a Citizen of the Universe whose allegiance is to Life first and all else second".
Publications
Universal Human: Creating Authentic Power and the New Consciousness (2021). Atria Books. .
Spiritual Partnership (2010). New York: Harper One. .
Soul to Soul (2007)
Self-Empowerment Journal: A Companion to The Mind of the Soul: Responsible Choice (2003), co-author Linda Francis.
The Mind of the Soul: Responsible Choice (2003), co-author Linda Francis. – New York Times best seller
Thoughts from the Heart of the Soul: Meditations for Emotional Awareness (2002), co-author Linda Francis.
The Heart of the Soul: Emotional Awareness (2002), co-author Linda Francis. – New York Times best seller
Thoughts from the Seat of the Soul (2001)
Soul Stories (2000).
The Seat of the Soul (1989). – number 1 New York Times best seller 31 times and staying on that list for close to 3 years
The Dancing Wu Li Masters: An Overview of the New Physics (1979). – winner of the American National Book Award for Science
Una sedia per l'anima, edizioni Corbaccio, Milano, 1996
6 million copies of Zukav's books are in print and translations exist in 24 languages.
Honors
World Business Academy Pathfinder Award for Contribution to the Ongoing Evolution of Knowledge and Consciousness within the Global Business Community.
American Journal of Psychotherapy and Albert Einstein College of Medicine Einstein Award in Recognition of Outstanding Contributions to the Psychosocial Growth of Humanity.
St. Christopher Foundation Christopher Award for "Lighting One Candle Instead of Cursing the Darkness".
Zukav was honored with the Award for Clear Telling of Deep Wisdom by the New York Open Center in 2001 for his book, Seat of the Soul, and for his co-founding of Genesis: The Foundation for the Universal Human.
Named to Oprah's SuperSoul100 list of visionaries and influential leaders in 2016.
Notes
References
External links
Interview with Gary Zukav by Jeffrey Mishlove (later than 1989)
Gary Zukav, columnist, profile at The Huffington Post
Gary Zukav at Library of Congress Authorities — with 24 catalog records
1942 births
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
Members of the United States Army Special Forces
United States Army officers
Living people
New Thought writers
New Age writers
New Age spiritual leaders
American spiritual writers
American spiritual teachers
Harvard University alumni
Writers from Ashland, Oregon
People from Pittsburg, Kansas
Sonoma State University alumni
National Book Award winners
Nautilus Book Award winners
People from Mount Shasta, California
Quantum mysticism advocates
Military personnel from California
Military personnel from Oregon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Zukav |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Addison County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Addison County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 73 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 4 National Historic Landmarks. Two properties were once listed, but have been removed.
Current listings
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Former listings
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Addison | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Addison%20County%2C%20Vermont |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Bennington County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Bennington County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 53 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, and one former listing.
Current listings
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Former listings
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Bennington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Bennington%20County%2C%20Vermont |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Chittenden County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Chittenden County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 112 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including three National Historic Landmarks. One property was once listed, but has been removed.
Current listings
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Former listings
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Chittenden | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Chittenden%20County%2C%20Vermont |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Rutland County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Rutland County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 76 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, one of which is also a National Historic Landmark.
Current listings
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Rutland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Rutland%20County%2C%20Vermont |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 63 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Orange | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Orange%20County%2C%20Vermont |
The Book and the Sword is a wuxia novel by Jin Yong (Louis Cha). First serialised between 8 February 1955 and 5 September 1956 in the Hong Kong newspaper The New Evening Post, it is also Jin Yong's debut novel.
Set in 18th-century China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, the novel follows the quest of the Red Flower Society, a secret society aiming to overthrow the Qing government, and their entanglements with a Uyghur tribe in southern Xinjiang. The "book" in the title refers to a Quran that was stolen from the tribe while the "sword" refers to a sword given to the protagonist, Chen Jialuo, by his first romantic interest, Huoqingtong. Historical figures such as the Qianlong Emperor, Zhaohui, Heshen, Zheng Banqiao and Fuk'anggan also make appearances or are mentioned by name in the novel. One of the protagonists, Princess Fragrance, is loosely based on the Fragrant Concubine.
Alternative English titles of the novel include Book and Sword: Gratitude and Revenge and The Romance of the Book and Sword.
Plot
The novel is set in 18th-century China during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor of the Manchu-led Qing Empire. The Red Flower Society is a secret society aiming to overthrow the Qing Empire and restore Han Chinese rule in China. It is led by 15 heroes, with Chen Jialuo as their chief. At the beginning of the novel, the Qianlong Emperor sends soldiers to ambush and arrest Wen Tailai, the society's fourth leader, in order to silence him because he knows a secret about the emperor.
The main plot, which is intertwined with two or more extensive subplots, follows the heroes' repeated attempts to rescue Wen Tailai while he is being escorted by a convoy of soldiers to Beijing. Along the way, the heroes encounter some Uyghur tribesmen who are pursuing a group of mercenaries who have robbed them of their holy artefact, a Quran. Chen Jialuo aids the tribesmen in defeating the mercenaries and recovers the holy book, earning the respect and admiration of Huoqingtong, the tribe leader's daughter. Throughout the novel, some of the heroes eventually find their future spouses after braving danger together: Xu Tianhong and Yu Yutong marry Zhou Qi and Li Yuanzhi respectively.
Chen Jialuo and the heroes follow Wen Tailai's trail to Hangzhou, where Chen coincidentally meets and befriends the Qianlong Emperor, who is in disguise as a rich man. However, after they discover each other's true identities, they become suspicious and wary of each other. When the emperor's best warriors are defeated by the heroes in a martial arts contest, the emperor feels humiliated and wants to summon the armed forces stationed in Hangzhou to destroy the Red Flower Society. However, he eventually refrains from doing so when he learns that the society has a vast network of underground connections in Hangzhou which has penetrated even the armed forces.
When Chen Jialuo finally rescues Wen Tailai, he is surprised to learn that the Qianlong Emperor is not a Manchu, but a Han Chinese. Wen Tailai also reveals that the emperor is actually Chen Jialuo's elder brother. Shortly after he was born, the emperor had been switched places with a newborn princess and had been raised as a son of the Yongzheng Emperor before he eventually inherited the throne. Chen Jialuo and the heroes kidnap the emperor and hold him hostage in the Liuhe Pagoda, where they try to persuade him to acknowledge his ethnicity. They suggest that he use his privileged status to drive the Manchus out of the Central Plains, and assure him that he will remain as the emperor after that. The emperor reluctantly agrees and swears an oath of alliance with the heroes.
Around the same time, the Qing army invades southern Xinjiang where the Uyghur tribe lives, so Chen Jialuo travels there to help his friends. He meets Huoqingtong and her younger sister, Kasili (Princess Fragrance). After falling in love with Kasili, he finds himself entangled in a love triangle because Huoqingtong also has romantic feelings for him. The Uyghur tribe is eventually annihilated by the Qing army while Kasili is captured and brought to Beijing.
The Qianlong Emperor is attracted to Kasili's beauty and tries to force her to become his concubine but she refuses. Chen Jialuo infiltrates the palace to meet the emperor, reminds him about their oath, and promises him that he will persuade Kasili to be his concubine. Kasili later discovers that the emperor has no intention of keeping his promise and has been secretly planning to lure the Red Flower Society into a trap and destroy them. After Kasili commits suicide to warn Chen Jialuo, the society's leaders feel outraged by the emperor's betrayal so they storm the palace. The conflict concludes with the emperor coming to a reluctant truce with the Red Flower Society. Chen Jialuo and his friends then head towards the Western Regions after paying their respects at Kasili's tomb.
Characters
Adaptions
Films
Television
Radio
In 1999, Hong Kong's RTHK produced a 32-episodes radio drama based on the novel, voiced by Tse Kwan-ho, Gigi Leung, Chow Kwok-fung and Jacqueline Pang.
References
1955 novels
Novels by Jin Yong
Novels first published in serial form
Works originally published in Hong Kong newspapers
Novels set in the Qing dynasty
Novels about rebels
Novels set in the 18th century
Chinese novels adapted into television series
Novels adapted into radio programs
1955 debut novels
Novels set in Xinjiang | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Book%20and%20the%20Sword |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Orleans County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Orleans County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 27 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Orleans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Orleans%20County%2C%20Vermont |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Franklin County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 64 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
Current listings
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Franklin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Franklin%20County%2C%20Vermont |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Grand Isle County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Grand Isle County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 10 properties listed on the National Register in the county.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Grand Isle | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Grand%20Isle%20County%2C%20Vermont |
The Naval Operations Branch () is a personnel branch of the Canadian Forces. The branch consists of most of the seagoing occupations and trades of the Royal Canadian Navy.
Members of the branch wear an embroidered cap badge usually featuring a fouled anchor, though the exact badge depends on the wearer's rank and position.
Training
Naval Officers Training Centre (NOTC)
HMCS Venture, the Naval Officers Training Centre (NOTC), is at Work Point in CFB Esquimalt, in Esquimalt, British Columbia. The role of the NOTC is to encompass all aspects of junior naval officer training and development.
Order of precedence
Note: When parading with their guns, the honour of "The Right of the Line" (precedence over other Army units) is held by the units of the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery; otherwise, the Naval Operations Branch is succeeded immediately by formed bodies of Officer Cadets of the Royal Military College of Canada representing their college.
References
Canadian Armed Forces personnel branches
Canadian Armed Forces
Military history of Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval%20Operations%20Branch |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Essex County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 11 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
Current listings
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Essex | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Essex%20County%2C%20Vermont |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Lamoille County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Lamoille County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 31 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Lamoille | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Lamoille%20County%2C%20Vermont |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Caledonia County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Caledonia County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 57 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.
Current listings
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Caledonia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Caledonia%20County%2C%20Vermont |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Windsor County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Windsor County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 132 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 4 National Historic Landmarks.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Windsor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Windsor%20County%2C%20Vermont |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 72 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Washington%20County%2C%20Vermont |
This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Windham County, Vermont.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Windham County, Vermont, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 100 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 2 National Historic Landmarks.
Current listings
|}
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Vermont
National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont
References
Windham | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Windham%20County%2C%20Vermont |
Dr. John Alexander McCreery (October 19, 1885 – January 31, 1948) was an American surgeon listed throughout the 1930s and 1940s as one of the top ten surgeons in the United States. Additionally, McCreery was chief of staff at Greenwich Hospital (Connecticut) from 1939-1948, and one of the founders of the American Board of Surgery.
Early life
McCreery was born in New York City, the son of John Alexander McCreery, a respected New York City surgeon, and Louise Dowdal Carrigan. His father was the son of a Scottish immigrant, James McCreery, who settled in New York City in 1831; James McCreery later became a prominent wholesale dry-goods merchant. His mother was a daughter of Andrew Carrigan (1804-1872), a wealthy Irish-born philanthropist and provisions dealer who co-founded the Emigrant Savings Bank. The McCreery family were among the first parishioners at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, and several members of the family are interred inside the cathedral. McCreery had two younger sisters, Christine Forbes McCreery Hoguet (1886–1951) and Mary McKay McCreery (1888–1964). The family resided on Fifth Avenue in New York City.
McCreery was educated at the Cutler School (New York) and entered Harvard University in 1902, graduating in 1906. From there McCreery received a degree in medicine from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 1910. During World War I, McCreery served as a Major in the Medical Corps, and was stationed in France. It was there in 1918 that he met Miss Eileen Birkett Ravenshaw of England, an ambulance driver stationed in France as well. Miss Ravenshaw, a member of the prominent Ravenshaw family of England, was a daughter of Charles Withers Ravenshaw, a lieutenant colonel in the Indian Political Service appointed by Queen Victoria who later served as a governor of the British colony of Nepal from 1902-1905. The Ravenshaw Family descends from John Goldsborough Ravenshaw II, chairman and director of the British East India Company between 1819 and 1832, and descends from Sir William Withers, one time Lord Mayor of London. McCreery and Ravenshaw were married on November 26, 1918, and settled in New York City.
Medical career
McCreery started off as a private physician in New York City, however later took a position as chief of surgery at Bellevue Hospital Center during the early 1920s. In 1925, McCreery transferred positions from Bellevue to Greenwich Hospital (Connecticut), and was appointed chief of surgery there. At this point, McCreery was also serving as president of both the New York Surgical and Greenwich Medical Societies, and kept offices in both Greenwich and New York City. In 1937, Dr. McCreery helped establish the American Board of Surgery. Two years later, in 1939, McCreery was appointed chief of staff at Greenwich Hospital, a position he held up until his death in 1948. At Greenwich Hospital, McCreery was widely credited as being responsible for modernizing the technology used during surgery, quickly putting Greenwich Hospital as one of the top hospitals in the New York City area.
McCreery family and personal life
In 1919, while residing in New York, Dr. and Mrs. McCreery gave birth to twin daughters Joan Anne (1919–2005) and Lalande Louise McCreery (1919–1983). Two years later, a third daughter, Sheila Mary McCreery (1921–1997), was born. The McCreery girls were high society debutantes, making their debuts in 1938 and 1939, respectively. The three girls were also highly recognized equestriennes. After moving to Greenwich, Connecticut in 1931, the McCreery family resided at an English estate in the Khakum Wood section known as "Quiet Waters"; the house is currently owned by former U.S. Ambassador to Ireland Thomas C. Foley. The McCreerys additionally owned a historic home on Nantucket, Massachusetts, as well as the McCreery family estate in Stockbridge, "Council Grove".
McCreery died suddenly of pneumonia. He was survived by his wife, Eileen Ravenshaw McCreery; three daughters, Joan (Mrs. John Wynne Gerster), Lalande (Mrs. John William Keeshan), and Sheila (Mrs. Richard Newton Jackson, Jr.); and two sisters, Christine (Mrs. Ramsay Charles Hoguet) and Mary McCreery. The descendants of McCreery continue to reside in Greenwich, New York, Nantucket, and Baltimore.
References
American surgeons
1885 births
1948 deaths
United States Army Medical Corps officers
United States Army personnel of World War I
Harvard University alumni
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni
Deaths from pneumonia in the United States
20th-century surgeons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Alexander%20McCreery |
Gilmerton Cove is a series of underground passageways and chambers hand-carved from sandstone located beneath the streets of Gilmerton, an ex-mining village, now a southeastern suburb of Edinburgh, Scotland. There has been much speculation about the origins of the Cove and its purpose.
A five-year collaborative project between Gilmerton Heritage Trust and The City of Edinburgh Council allowed the newly restored Cove to open in 2003 as an educational resource for the community as well as a place to visit. This included a research project into the archaeology and history of the Cove by CFA Archaeology Ltd with historical research by Richard Oram.
History
In 1721 the cove was first mentioned in the local Kirk (church) minutes where George Paterson (a blacksmith or baker) was accused of selling alcohol on the sabbath to many people as they visited his 'caves'.
Extensive archaeological and historical research has failed to resolve the mystery. In 2017, research by scientists from University of St Andrews and University of Edinburgh using ground-penetrating radar indicated that the network of passageways and chambers may be more extensive than that currently exposed.
It has been suggested that it was used as a drinking den for local gentry, a Covenanters refuge, meeting place for the Hellfire Club and a smugglers' lair.
See also
Tunnels in popular culture - Ley tunnels as escape tunnels, etc
Cleeves Cove - a natural cave system once used by Covenanters
References
External links
The Mystery of Gilmerton Cove official website
The Scotsman: Secrets below the streets of Edinburgh
Gilmerton Cove video - Part 1
Gilmerton Cove video - Part 2
A man made summer house cut from red sandstone.
Buildings and structures in Edinburgh
Conspiracy theories in the United Kingdom
Subterranea of the United Kingdom
Category B listed buildings in Edinburgh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilmerton%20Cove |
The Nine Unknown is a 1923 novel by Talbot Mundy. Originally serialised in Adventure
magazine, it concerns the Nine Unknown Men, a secret society founded to preserve and develop knowledge that would be dangerous to humanity if it fell into the wrong hands. The nine unknown men were entrusted with guarding nine books of secret knowledge.
Plot
In the novel the nine men are the embodiment of good and face up against nine Kali worshippers, who sow confusion and masquerade as the true sages. The story surrounds a priest called Father Cyprian who is seeking possession of the books but who wants to destroy them out of Christian piety, and a number of other characters who are interested in learning their contents.
Influence
The concept of the "Nine Unknown Men" was further popularized by Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier in their 1960 book The Morning of the Magicians. They claimed that the Nine Unknown were real and had been founded by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka around 270 BC. They also claimed that Pope Silvester II had met the Nine Unknown, and that nineteenth-century French colonial administrator and writer Louis Jacolliot insisted on their existence.
In popular culture
In the first edition of Anton LaVey's Satanic Bible (1969), The Nine Unknown were the final dedicatees mentioned in the dedication.
The "Nine Unknown" have since been the subject of the several novels including Shadow Tyrants by Clive Cussler and Boyd Morrison; The Mahabharata Secret, a 2013 novel by Christopher C. Doyle; Finders, Keepers, a 2015 novel by Sapan Saxena; and Shobha Nihalani's Nine novel trilogy.
The American television series Heroes prominently features the number nine, and the writers and producers Aron Coliete and Joe Pakaski have credited the story of Ashoka and The Nine Unknown Men as one of the many influences for the series and as a clue to the mystery surrounding the number.
JL50 is a Hindi-language sci-fi web series launched in September 2020 on Sony Liv. The series centers around the Nine Unknown and the books they preserved. It relates that these books contain knowledge of political power, the origin of martial arts, communication with extraterrestrial species, and time travel. The series mentions Project A (for Ashoka) which involves time travel.
On 27 August 2020,Reflector Entertainment announced a video game UNKNOWN 9 presenting the story of the secret society formed by Ashoka to be published by Bandai Namco Entertainment for PC and next generation consoles.
See also
Ascended master
Eight Immortals
Illuminati
Navaratnas
Seven Brahmarshi
Vaimanika Shastra
Emperor Ashoka
References
Further reading
External links
A Short Film based on Nine Unknown Men
HTML text at Gutenberg Australia
The Nine Unknown Men of Ashoka
Legend of the Nine Unknown Men
Conspiracy theories
Works originally published in Adventure (magazine)
Novels first published in serial form
Memorials to Ashoka
Cultural depictions of Ashoka | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Nine%20Unknown |
Frank T. Brogan (born September 6, 1953) is an American educator and the former Assistant Secretary of Education (Elementary and Secondary Education). He succeeded Deborah S. Delisle.
He is the former Chancellor of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education, former Chancellor of the State University System of Florida, and former President of Florida Atlantic University. He was the 15th lieutenant governor of Florida, serving with Governor Jeb Bush.
Education
In 1976, Frank Brogan became the first member in his family to earn a college degree when he received his bachelor's degree in education magna cum laude from the University of Cincinnati. In 1981, he earned his Master of Arts in Educational leadership from Florida Atlantic University.
On December 18, 2018, Frank Brogan was awarded an honorary doctoral degree from Florida Atlantic University.
Early career
Education
Brogan began his education career in 1978 in the Martin County, Florida public school district. His first job was teaching fifth grade at Port Salerno Elementary School. It was while teaching at this school that he earned his master's degree in 1981.
Brogan next focused his career on educational administration. He went on to serve as the dean of students at Indiantown Middle School, and then assistant principal, and principal of Murray Middle School. While an administrator, Brogan negotiated a gun away from a student. Brogan was eventually elected to two terms as the Superintendent of Schools in Martin County.
Politics
Florida Commissioner of Education
In 1994, Brogan was elected Florida Commissioner of Education. In this position he oversaw all education activities in Florida and served as a member of the Florida Cabinet, which oversaw various aspects of state government. He was the youngest education commissioner in Florida's history.
Lieutenant Governor of Florida
Brogan was seeking a second term as Education Commissioner when, in 1998, Jeb Bush asked him to be his running mate as lieutenant governor. The Bush/Brogan team won the general election. As lieutenant governor, Brogan oversaw education policy and acted as legislative liaison for the Bush Administration. Bush and Brogan were re-elected in 2002; Brogan departed to become president of FAU in 2003.
Florida Atlantic University
Brogan became the fifth president of Florida Atlantic University in 2003 and was reappointed by the FAU Board of Trustees to a second six-year term, which began in 2009, although Brogan quit this position the same year to become Chancellor of the State University System of Florida. Recognizing the region's strong potential to become a center of biomedical research, Brogan has placed special emphasis on creating partnerships between the university and leading research organizations.
He fostered relationships with organizations such as The Scripps Research Institute, the Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, the Max Planck Society and the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute. Additionally, FAU entered into a unique public/private medical school partnership that resulted in the introduction of a complete, four-year medical education program on FAU's Boca Raton campus and the creation of FAU's independent medical school in 2010.
During Brogan's initial six-year term, the university developed its first-ever comprehensive strategic plan, which has provided a roadmap for progress since its inception in 2006. He oversaw the largest physical development of the university's campuses as new facilities were built to serve FAU's undergraduate and graduate population, which surpassed 27,000 for the first time. He presided over the early planning stages of "Innovation Village" on the Boca Raton campus, which doubled the amount of on-campus housing while adding the wellness center, alumni center, football stadium, retail space and additional parking. The stadium and most of these features were developed and completed in the years after Brogan left FAU. In 2009 Brogan became chancellor of the State University System and resigned as president of FAU.
State University System of Florida
Brogan took office as Florida's university system chancellor in 2009 during a time of deep acrimony between the Florida Legislature and the Board of Governors. As the longest-serving chancellor since the creation of the Board of Governors in 2003, his tenure brought a welcome stability for the system. During his tenure, relationships with the Florida Legislature were restored, as evidenced by the landmark governance agreement of 2010 that provided clarity regarding oversight of the university system.
Meanwhile, the university system demonstrated significant progress in providing access to high-quality higher education. During his tenure, the system increased enrollment by 7 percent, increased degree production by 12 percent and saw record high attainment in academic standards, graduation rates, national rankings and research.
The board approved a new 2025 Strategic Plan that includes 39 key performance benchmarks, which is an integral part of Florida's nationally recognized accountability framework that tracks progress of university and system goals. This was part of Brogan's goal for Florida to have "the most accountable university system in America."
During the 2013 legislative session in particular, the university system took several major steps toward further excellence. The board and Legislature worked together to implement a number of top priorities, including establishing a path for universities to reach preeminent status, creating the nation's first fully online institute operated by a public research university, and providing a platform for a performance-funding model that fosters the unique mission of each institution while advancing system goals. The state legislature reversed an earlier $300 million budget cut and added more than $400 million in new funding for operations, facilities and maintenance.
Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education
In October 2013, Brogan left his post as Chancellor of the State University System of Florida to serve as the chancellor of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education.
Under his leadership of the PASSHE, the membership of the faculty union, APSCUF, which represents more than 5000 teachers, went on strike for the first time in 34 years, after working for more than 13 months without a contract.
References
External links
1953 births
Living people
Chancellors of the State University System of Florida
Florida Atlantic University alumni
Florida Commissioners of Education
Florida Republicans
Lieutenant Governors of Florida
People from Martin County, Florida
Politicians from Cincinnati
Presidents of the Florida Atlantic University
University of Cincinnati alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Brogan |
Peter Wright (born in Penrith, New South Wales) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1960s and 1970s. He played for the Parramatta Eels and Penrith Panthers in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership competition. He played at .
Sources
Whiticker, Alan & Hudson, Glen (2006) The Encyclopedia of Rugby League Players, Gavin Allen Publishing, Sydney
References
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Parramatta Eels players
Penrith Panthers players
Rugby articles needing expert attention
Rugby league players from Penrith, New South Wales
Rugby league props
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Wright%20%28rugby%20league%29 |
Diamond Brook, also known as Bass Brook, is a tributary of the Passaic River which flows south through a section of Bergen County in New Jersey, United States. Heading up the brook from the Passaic River, one encounters the boroughs of Fair Lawn and Glen Rock, as well as the village of Ridgewood.
Description
Diamond Brook passes through a largely suburban setting, though its southern end runs under an industrial complex in Fair Lawn before terminating at the Passaic River. The head of Diamond Brook is located south of Godwin Ave in Ridgewood, near the border of Midland Park. Diamond Brook is considered part of the Goffle Brook drainage basin, but it has no junctions with Goffle Brook and is partly separated from it by another brook, Stevenson Brook, which flows south to the Passaic River between Goffle Brook and Diamond Brook in Hawthorne.
Another brook east of Diamond Brook, Little Diamond Brook, is considered to be in part of the same drainage basin as Diamond Brook. Little Diamond Brook and Diamond Brook terminate at the Passaic River within about five hundred feet of each other.
History
Diamond Brook was historically known as Bass Brook. It once traveled through a series of springs and wetlands along the western edge of Glen Rock. In the 21st century, only a few wetlands remain intact, with two preserved as parts of the Glen Rock Arboretum and Diamond Brook Park. Some natural springs also remain intact behind Orchard School in Ridgewood.
In the 1870s, Diamond Brook’s gradation was sufficient to support a water wheel operated by the Marinus Lumber Mill in Glen Rock. When the mill finally closed the wheel and its accompanying machinery were too cumbersome to move. Today the wheel remains where it once operated, buried beneath the street near the intersection of Rock Road and the Boulevard.
See also
List of New Jersey rivers
References
External links
TopoQuest map depicting Diamond Brook
Glen Rock, NJ ~ Diamond Brook Greenway Guide
2007 Water Resources Data brief on USGS's Diamond Brook stream gage
Rivers of Bergen County, New Jersey
Tributaries of the Passaic River
Rivers of New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond%20Brook |
Ammiel Alcalay (born 1956) is an American poet, scholar, critic, translator, and prose stylist. Born and raised in Boston, he is a first-generation American, son of Sephardic Jews from Serbia. His work often examines how poetry and politics affect the way we see ourselves and the way Americans think about the Middle East, with attention to methods of cultural recovery in the United States, the Middle East and Europe.
Brief overview
Alcalay is perhaps best known as a Middle Eastern scholar and university instructor. During the war in former Yugoslavia he was a primary source for providing access in the American media to Bosnian voices. He was responsible for publication of the first survivor's account in English from a victim held in a Serb concentration camp, The Tenth Circle of Hell by Rezak Hukanović (Basic Books, 1996), which he co-translated and edited.
Alcalay focused primarily on Hebrew and Jewish literature of the Middle East, in its Islamic, Levantine Arabic, and Israeli contexts. His work on Bosnia during the war in former Yugoslavia has entailed similar efforts at creating the cultural space for unfamiliar works to emerge.
As a university instructor, Prof. Alcalay taught Sephardic literature (both Hebrew and in-translation), Middle Eastern and Mediterranean literacy and intellectual culture and its contemporary and modern reception, at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as creative writing. After Jews and Arabs: Remaking Levantine Culture (1993), Alcalay's first book of scholarship and a critical contribution to Levantine studies, was the subject of a 20th anniversary conference at Georgetown University in 2012. A comparatist by training, Alcalay specializes in these topics and in Balkan literatures and history, poetics, and theories of translation; he publishes translations of Hebrew and Bosnian, as well as his own poetry.
Alcalay was instrumental in recovering and promoting scholarship on the New American Poetry, insisting (as Cole Heinowitz writes) on "the necessary interrelatedness of scholarly, political, and creative endeavors and the individual and collective human experiences from which they grow." Alcalay's book, A Little History (2013), examines the life and work of poet Charles Olson "against the backdrop of the Cold War and Alcalay's personal reflections on the institutionalized production of knowledge, at once investigating the historical relationship between poetry and resistance and enacting the politics of memory and imagination."
Since 2010, with support from the Center for the Humanities at the CUNY Graduate Center, Alcalay was the initiator and general editor of Lost & Found: The CUNY Poetics Document Initiative, a series of student- and guest-edited archival texts emerging from New American Poetry. In 2017, Alcalay was awarded an American Book Award from the Before Columbus Foundation in recognition of this work.
Alcalay's poetry, prose, reviews, critical articles and translations have appeared in the New York Times Book Review, The New Yorker, Time, The New Republic, The Village Voice, The Jerusalem Post, Grand Street, Conjunctions, Sulfur, The Nation, Middle East Report, Afterimage, Parnassus, City Lights Review, Review of Jewish Social Studies, The Review of Contemporary Fiction, The Michigan Quarterly, Caliban, Paper Air, Paintbrush, Mediterraneans, and various other publications.
He is currently a professor in the English Department at the CUNY Graduate Center; and in the MFA Program in Creative Writing & Translation and the Department of Classical, Middle Eastern & Asian Languages & Cultures at Queens College.
Personal life
Alcalay's parents are Sephardi Jews who immigrated to Boston from Belgrade, Serbia, in what was then Yugoslavia. His Sephardi ancestors were originally from Spain. His father is the abstract expressionist painter Albert Alcalay.
Selected publications
Preface, Stars Seen in Person: Selected Journals of John Wieners by John Wieners, edited by Michael Seth Stewart (City Lights, 2015)
"Introductory comments on the occasion of Amiri Baraka's talk, 'Charles Olson and Sun Ra.' Fourth Annual Charles Olson Memorial Lecture. Cape Ann Museum, Gloucester, MA. 19 October 2013." in Letters for Olson, edited by Benjamin Hollander (Spuyten Duyvil Publishing, 2016)
Contributor, Homage to Etel Adnan edited by Lindsey Boldt, Steve Dickison and Samantha Giles (Post-Apollo Press, 2012)
a little history (re:public / UpSet Press, 2012)
neither wit nor gold (Ugly Duckling Presse, 2011)
Islanders (City Lights Publishers, 2010)
Poetry, Politics & Translation: American Isolation and the Middle East (Palm Press, 2003) Based on a talk sponsored by the Cornell Forum for Justice and Peace in the series Critical Perspectives on the War on Terror
from the warring factions (Beyond Baroque, 2002; re:public / UpSet Press, 2012), a book-length poem dedicated to the Bosnian town of Srebrenica
Memories of Our Future: Selected Essays, 1982-1999 with Juan Goytisolo (City Lights, 1999)
After Jews and Arabs: Remaking Levantine Culture (University of Minnesota Press, 1993) Chosen as one of the year's top 25 books by The Village Voice and named one of 1993's notable books by The Independent in London
the cairo notebooks (Singing Horse Press, 1993) some of the earlier published poems
Translations
Outcast, a novel by Shimon Ballas, translated from Hebrew with Oz Shelach (City Lights Press, 2007).
Nine Alexandrias by Semezdin Mehmedinović, translated from Bosnian (City Lights, 2003)
Sarajevo Blues by the Bosnian poet Semezdin Mehmedinović (City Lights, 1998)
Keys to the Garden: New Israeli Writing (City Lights, 1996)
As editor
Lost & Found: The CUNY Poetics Document Initiative (CUNY Center for the Humanities, 2010–present), as General Editor
For this work, Alcalay is recipient of the 2017 American Book Award
Robert Duncan in San Francisco by Michael Rumaker, co-edited with Megan Paslawski (City Lights, 2013)
To look at the sea is to become what one is: An Etel Adnan Reader by Etel Adnan, co-edited with Thom Donovan and Brandon Shimoda (Nightboat Books, 2014)
Portraits of Sarajevo by Zlatko Dizdarević, translated by Midhat Ridjanović (Fromm, 1995)
Sarajevo: A War Journal by Zlatko Dizdarević, translated by Anselm Hollo (Henry Holt, 1994)
References
External links
Alcalay's introduction to the 4th Annual Charles Olson lecture by Amiri Baraka at the Cape Ann Museum for the Gloucester Writers Center (YouTube video)
Interview reel – Ammiel Alcalay on Charles Olson by Sam O'Hana (YouTube video)
Select archive of audio recordings of Alcalay's poetry readings, public lectures and conversations from PennSound
Notes on Alcalay's work by Cole Heinowitz for the Boston Review
Alcalay reviews Juan Goytisolo Landscapes of War: From Sarajevo to Chechnya; Mouloud Feraoun Journal 1955–1962: Reflections on the French-Algerian War
Republics of Poetry Alcalay himself writes on Charles Olson, poetics, etc.
"Ammiel Alcalay and the Limits of Translation." Interview from 2005 at Loggernaut.
Olson Now a blog edited by Alcalay and Michael Kelleher with a focus on the poetry and poetics of Charles Olson
at the Levantine Cultural Center
Palm Press website Publisher of Alcalay's Poetry, Politics & Translation
Paula Koneazny's review of Alcalay's "from the warring factions" in American Book Review, Vol. 25.
1956 births
Living people
20th-century American Sephardic Jews
21st-century American Sephardic Jews
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American translators
American Book Award winners
American male poets
American people of Serbian-Jewish descent
American people of Spanish-Jewish descent
American Sephardic Jews
Jewish American academics
Jewish American poets
Jewish American writers
Poets from Massachusetts
Queens College, City University of New York faculty
Translators from Bosnian
Writers from Boston | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammiel%20Alcalay |
Paul Junger Witt (March 20, 1941 – April 27, 2018) was an American film and television producer. He, with his partners Tony Thomas and Susan Harris (also his wife), produced such television shows as Here Come the Brides, The Partridge Family, The Golden Girls, Soap, Benson, It's a Living, Empty Nest, and Blossom. The majority of their shows have been produced by their company, Witt/Thomas Productions (alternately Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions), founded in 1975. Witt also produced the films Dead Poets Society, Three Kings, Insomnia, and the made-for-TV movie Brian's Song. He was a graduate of the University of Virginia.
Personal life
Witt married Ann McLaughlin with whom he had 3 children, Christopher, Anthony, and Genevieve. After their divorce, he married Susan Harris on September 18, 1983. They have one son together, Oliver Witt.
Death
Witt died of cancer in Los Angeles on April 27, 2018, at age 77.
Filmography
He was a producer in all films unless otherwise noted.
Film
Television
As director
Miscellaneous crew
As writer
References
External links
1941 births
2018 deaths
Film producers from New York (state)
American television directors
Television producers from New York City
Deaths from cancer in California
Filmmakers who won the Best Film BAFTA Award
University of Virginia alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Junger%20Witt |
The Strumica (Macedonian and , ; also transliterated Strumitsa or Strumitza) or Strumeshnitsa () is a river in North Macedonia and Bulgaria. It runs through the town of Strumica and flows into the river Struma.
The Strumica takes its source from the Plačkovica mountain in Radoviš municipality in North Macedonia, running south in a deep valley and then known as the Stara Reka. It then enters the Radoviš Valley and runs through the eponymous town of Radoviš. Afterwards the Strumica runs southeastwards through the Strumica Valley (Vasilevo, Strumica and Novo Selo municipality), passing through the town of Strumica and turning east to enter Bulgaria south of Zlatarevo. A wide meandering valley follows until the river flows into the Struma as a right tributary northeast of Mitino, not far from Rupite.
The river has a total length of 114 km, of which 81 km in North Macedonia and 33 km in Bulgaria. It is Struma's largest tributary.
External links
Rivers of North Macedonia
Rivers of Bulgaria
International rivers of Europe
Landforms of Blagoevgrad Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strumica%20%28river%29 |
Arlen Ingolf Erdahl (February 27, 1931 – September 21, 2023) was an American commercial farmer and politician. He served as a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1963 to 1970, Minnesota Secretary of State from 1971–1975 and was a U.S. Representative from Minnesota, serving the first district from 1979–1983, in the 96th and 97th congresses.
Erdahl had Presidential appointments to serve as Country Director and later Associate Director for the Peace Corps from 1983 to 1989 and as Principal Deputy/Acting Assistant Secretary for International Affairs at the U.S. Department of Energy from 1989 to 1993. He served on the boards of the United Nations Association of Minnesota, Nobel Peace Prize Forum, Minnesota chapter of People to People, Minneapolis Lodge of the Sons of Norway, and Growth & Justice. In 1999 he received the Twin Cities International Citizen Award and in 2011 was recognized for his public leadership and service with the Hubert H. Humphrey Public Leadership Award by the Humphrey School of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota.
Early life
Arlen Ingolf Erdahl was born in Blue Earth, Faribault County, Minnesota, to a Norwegian-born mother and a father of Norwegian descent. He attended Faribault County public schools. He graduated from St. Olaf College (B.A. 1953) and Harvard University (M.P.A., 1966). He served in United States Army from 1954–1956. He was a grain/livestock farmer.
Political career
Erdahl served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1963 to 1970 and was a Republican. He then served as Minnesota Secretary of State from 1971 to 1975. From 1975 to 1978, Erdahl served on the Minnesota Public Service Commission. Then he served in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1983. His cousin was Dale Erdahl who also served in the Minnesota Legislature.
His successful 1978 Congressional campaign was managed by Arlen Wittrock. For Erdahl's four years as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Keith Hall served as his Washington Chief of Staff and Arlen Wittrock served as his Minnesota Chief of Staff.
Later career and legacy
In April, 2011 he was recognized for his public leadership and service with the Hubert H. Humphrey Public Leadership Award by the Humphrey School of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota.
The Arlen Inglof Erdahl collection at the Southern Minnesota Historical Center, Memorial Library at the Minnesota State University, Mankato contains materials about his seven years in the Minnesota House of Representatives and his campaign for Minnesota Secretary of State in 1970.
Arlen Erdahl died on September 21, 2023, at the age of 92. He had Alzheimer's disease in his later years.
References
External links
Arlen Erdahl photograph
1931 births
2023 deaths
American people of Norwegian descent
Farmers from Minnesota
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Republican Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
Military personnel from Minnesota
Peace Corps people
People from Blue Earth, Minnesota
People from Burnsville, Minnesota
Secretaries of State of Minnesota
St. Olaf College alumni
United States Army soldiers
United States Department of Energy officials
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota
Members of Congress who became lobbyists
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlen%20Erdahl |
Alfredo Bojalil Gil (August 5, 1915 – October 10, 1999), also known by his nickname El güero, was a Mexican singer and the creator and principal founding member of the musical trio, Trio Los Panchos. As a member of Los Panchos, he was the third voice and player of the requinto, a small guitar which he invented, and is now a staple instrument.
Biography
He was born in Teziutlan, Puebla, the son of a Lebanese immigrant Felipe Julián Bojalil and Carmen Gil. He had five siblings, two boys and three girls, all with a love of music, and as the surname Bojalil was unsuitable for the show, they adopted their mother's surname.
Since he was a child he loved music; at the request of his father he learned the hairdressing trade and it was there that he received his first music lessons with the mandolin. Then he discovered his love for the guitar, which he learned to play in his spare time. But it was his first love, the mandolin, on which he molded his inspiration as a composer. In 1940 his brother Felipe Gil , who was by then beginning to be as popular as El Charro Gil and his Caporales, called him to join him on a tour of New York. There he met Jesús Chucho Navarro Moreno, another Mexican, who since 1936 was part of the Caporales. After his brother Felipe "Charro" Gil's return to Mexico, Alfredo and Chucho Navarro remained in New York until they achieved fame in 1944, and with the Puerto Rican Hernando Avilés they founded the Trio Los Panchos , in which he remained in the period 1944-1981.
Third voice of the group, he is particularly remembered for his extreme mastery with the requinto, a small high register guitar, created by himself to reinforce the introductions and voiceless passages of the songs. Tuned a perfect fourth higher than the full-sized guitar, it is a smaller guitar with a higher pitched tone, very characteristic of the Los Panchos Trio.
As a composer, many of his boleros are famous, such as Caminemos , Sin un amor, Hija de la mala vida, Basura, Tu ausencia, Solo, Cien mujeres, Me puniga Dios, No trates de mentir, Ni que sí, ni quizá ni que no, Un siglo de ausencia, Ya es muy tarde, Loco, Mi último fracaso, No te vayas sin mí and Lodo also known as Si tu me dices ven , among many others.
Gil died in Mexico City on October 10, 1999, at the age of 84.
See also
Los Panchos
Chucho Navarro
Felipe Gil
References
External links
Biography Page of Alfredo Gil at the Trio Los Panchos' Official Website. In Spanish
1915 births
1999 deaths
20th-century Mexican male singers
Mexican people of Lebanese descent
Singers from Puebla
People from Teziutlán | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo%20Gil |
Peter Wright may refer to:
Writers
Peter Wright (journalist) (born 1953/4), British editor of The Mail on Sunday
Peter Wright (MI5 officer) (1916–1995), author and MI5 counter-intelligence officer
Peter Wright (writer) (1880/1–1957), British author
Entertainers
Peter Wight (actor) (born 1950), British actor, sometimes credited as Peter Wright
Peter Wright (dancer) (born 1926), British ballet director and choreographer
Pete Wright (musician) (active 1977–1984), British bass player for the band Crass
Peter Wright (organist) (born 1954), British organist
Pete Wright, character in American 1950 crime film noir 711 Ocean Drive
Sportspeople
Peter Wright (American football), American football player in 1893
Peter Wright (Australian footballer) (born 1996), Australian rules footballer
Peter Wright (darts player) (born 1970), Scottish darts player
Peter Wright (footballer, born 1934) (1934–2012), English football player for Colchester United
Peter Wright (footballer, born 1982), English football player for Halifax Town
Peter Wright (rugby league), Australian rugby league footballer 1970–1971 and coach
Peter Wright (rugby union) (born 1967), Scottish rugby union footballer and coach
Peter Wright (sport wrestler), British wrestler, bronze medalist at the 1920 Summer Olympic Games
Peter Wright (squash player) (born 1943) Australian squash player, three-time World Masters Squash Champion
Peter Wright (swimmer) (born 1972), American swimmer
Peter Wright (tennis) (born 1963), Irish-American tennis player
Pete Wright (ice hockey) (1927–1989), Canadian ice hockey player
Peter Wright, technical director of Team Lotus in 1990s
Others
Peter Wright (Jesuit) (1603–1651), beatified English Catholic martyr
Peter Harold Wright (1916–1990), English recipient of the Victoria Cross
Peter Wright (police officer) (1929–2011), British policeman
Peter Wright (scientist), American scientist, NMR spectroscopist
Peter Wright (mining entrepreneur) (1908–1985), Australian mining entrepreneur
Peter Wright (ceramicist) (1919-2003), potter and sculptor
Peter Wright (engineer) (born 1946), British motor racing engineer and aerodynamicist
Peter Wright (soldier) (1910-1986), Canadian soldier in WWII | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Wright |
Nanjing Foreign Language School (NFLS, ) is a middle and high school located in Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. It was established in 1963 under the direction of Zhou Enlai, the first Premier of PRC, and is one of the oldest foreign language schools in China. Its mottos are "Chinese Soul, Global Vision" and "Seek the truth, Scale the height, Be erudite, Be modest".
History
Establishment and Early History
Starting from the mid 1950s, the Chinese Government recognized its shortage of diplomats with strong language potency. To address this issue, a number of foreign language schools were established in major cities of China under the direction of Prime Minister Zhou Enlai, aiming to cultivate the diplomatic talents in demand. One of these schools was the then Jiangsu Labor and Farmer Instant High School, which was renamed Nanjing Foreign Language School upon its re-establishment in 1963. The instant high school, which had served as a pre-college training school for cadres, had better faculties and facilities than other secondary schools in Nanjing, paving a good foundation for the development of Nanjing Foreign Language School. There were students of three different grades in the school's first Class: the 3rd grade, selected from various elementary schools in Nanjing; the 7th grade, admitted from current year graduates; and the 10th grade, who had already studied German and French in the No.11 Middle School. The school was established as a boarding school, which was rare among Chinese elementary and secondary schools, in order to foster a better environment for language learning.
The campus was originally a Japanese military camp during the Second Sino-Japanese War, with three quadrangles for soldiers, a western-style mansion for officers, and a training ground. Dormitories, a three-story teaching building, and a ceremony hall were added during the instant high school period. In 1965, a new main teaching building was constructed, which was called "The Car Building" by students and faculties due to its shape resembling a truck.
Development
Despite its advantages over other high schools in facilities and support, the school's early development was largely restrained by economic and educational limitations in China. Teaching buildings with modern teaching facilities were not available, and "non-built-up" areas, such as woods, pond, river, and agricultural lands, were still part of the campus. However, NFLS managed to maintain an advanced education philosophy that focused more on "quality-oriented education", especially regarding foreign language education.
School Structure
Nanjing Foreign Language School consists of a three-year middle school and a three-year high school offering the National Curriculum. In addition to the National Curriculum, NFLS also offers three international programs, including the International Baccalaureate, GCE A-Level, and BCA program.
The current principal is Zou Zheng.
As of 2019, NFLS has established several branch schools in Nanjing and around Jiangsu Province:
NFLS Xianlin Campus, established in 2002 in collaboration with Nanjing Government, twelve-year private boarding school;
NFLS Hexi Campus, established in June 2012, three-year public middle school;
Nanjing Pukou Foreign Language School, established in August 2012, nine-year public school;
NFLS Fangshan Campus, established in 2018, twelve-year private school;
NFLS Huai'an campus; operational from 2018-2019 onward with classes from the preschool to high school levels.
A new campus at Daxiaochang in the city south is currently under construction, and is scheduled to complete in 2022.
Nanjing Foreign Language School has provided A-Level courses since 2006. It also has a program working with most of the 20 top universities in Australia and another program with some top 20 universities in Canada. Now NFLSers are studying or living in over 30 countries.
Admissions
Widely recognized as one of the best middle/high schools in Nanjing, admission to NFLS is highly selective.
Junior School admissions
Elementary graduates apply to Nanjing Foreign Language School by taking an interview. Initial application for interview is available for all elementary graduates in Nanjing, who are also free to choose the language of study after admission, which includes: English, French, German, Japanese and Spanish. The interview is not held in these languages though. The total enrollment number is usually 380, and the number of students qualified for interview is 8 times the enrollment number, around 3,200. An open computer allocation carried out by the Student Recruitment Committee Office of Nanjing will be needed if the number of students applying for interview exceeds the expected qualification number. The eligible applicants then take a school-organized interview on English capabilities to determine the final qualification. Contents of the interview are officially declared to be restricted within course contents of standard elementary school textbooks. Various subjects, in fact, are tested, notably English language and Mathematics. Detailed test questions in the interview are not officially open to public. The final qualification is based on results of the interview, each language with a specific admission line. The enrollment number of students who choose English is approximately 330 and varies among different years, while admissions for each "minor" languages usually do not exceed 20.
Before 1998, the school admission process involved two rounds of competition each year. In the first round, pupils compete within their resident districts of the city, and then about 1000 of them in total were selected for the next round. The chosen applicants were required to take an entrance exam to test their verbal and math skills. Only 200 top candidates could be admitted.
From 1998 to 2002, the first round of competition was abolished, because it was considered to be unfair to students in different city districts. Therefore, pupils who were going to graduate could freely sign up for the entrance exam. The response was overwhelming with thousands of pupils eagerly joining the competition each year. In 2002, the number of applicants was more than 10,000. Around 150 students was selected for admission with full financial aid, with another 150 selected for partial aid or self-sponsored enrollment.
Recruitment of top students in such a large scale for a high school was unprecedented in Nanjing, and residents in Nanjing gradually formed a habit of judging the quality of an elementary school by looking at how many of its students could be admitted to NFLS, which sparked a high degree of controversy. For a long time, elementary school teachers and some parents were being criticized for placing too much pressure on students, and the fierce competition for entering NFLS obviously made the situation worse. Furthermore, other top high schools contending for talented students complained about NFLS's unfair practice and accused the city's education council for being partial to NFLS.
In order to relive pupils' burden of taking exams, some people suggested that the number of students allowed to take the entrance exams of NFLS should be strictly limited, and each elementary school should recommend several students who had good performance not only in exams but also in extracurricular activities. However, this idea was considered to be unrealistic, because the selection criteria were too vague and impractical, and might easily cause unfairness for schools and individual pupils.
In 2003, an even more controversial admission policy was carried out. Since 2003, the school is still allowed for citywide recruitment, but with an additional preliminary random allocation procedure executed by a computer.
For instance, assume for year 2009 the number of applicants is 4,000 and the number of planned admits is 300, then only 300*8=2400 applicants are actually allowed to proceed to take the entrance exam, always multiplied by a factor of 8. The 2,400 candidates would be randomly selected among the 4,000 applicants by a computer algorithm, with high degree of public supervision. This new policy destroyed the decision power of exams, and allowed more room for other schools to select good students, but aroused serious arguments concerning the fairness for individual students.
Senior School admissions
For students from junior high school of NFLS, enrollment qualifications are determined by a combination of standard High School Admission Examination(Zhongkao) in Nanjing and a school-held language examination. Students' combined scores of the two examinations are ranked, and the top 320 students are qualified for high school enrollment. Admissions from other junior high schools to NFLS has two options:
Applicants take another language test different from that for on-campus students, whose score, combined with the Zhongkao score, are used to determine qualification. The language test has two sections, a paper test, and a speaking interview test. Only top 100 scorers (before 2021) will be shortlisted and interviewed for the 2nd section, the English speaking test. Then after Zhongkao, their language testing score and Zhongkao score will be added up and the top 45 candidates will be admitted. Before 2021, NFLS recruits about 45 students every year through this category, while from 2022 the number rises to 120 per year.
Applicants participate in a school-organized test on STEM capabilities. Only very limited number of students are admitted in this way in different subjects. This option is also shared with students from NFLS junior school.
Before 2003, the senior high school of NFLS only enrolled students from its own middle school, with a small number of elimination. Since 2003, students from other middle schools can also apply and compete for the entrance to NFLS, by taking the city's public exams and an additional English language test.
Facilities
The school's library includes a main library and foreign language reading rooms. There is a laboratory for experiments and curriculum in STEM elective courses, including a UV spectroscope, IR spectroscope, TGA, HPLC, HP-MS, and an elemental analyzer. Engineering workshops are available to students taking selective courses or upon request, equipped with roboting facilities and 3D printers. The School Stadium has facilities for sports, including table tennis, indoor basketball, gym, badminton field, volleyball and others.
Academics
Nanjing Foreign Language School employs the standard education system of Jiangsu Province in disciplines other than foreign languages. Students may select one from English, German, French and Japanese as their major language as early as their applications for admission. Comparing to the other languages, English is the major choice, consisting approximately 330 students in a grade. Enrollments of minor languages are controlled to be around 20 students for each language, and the admission score line in the interview vary correspondingly, as mentioned above.
Comparing with other middle schools, numbers of language lessons rise to 10 classes per week, including one class given by foreign teachers for almost every grade. Language courses in NFLS are smaller in class size than other courses, with only 20-30 students; small-size classrooms are also specially designed for such class model. For English courses, junior high school students use special textbooks instead of standard textbooks in China, while students in senior high school use New Concept English 3.
NFLS is reputed as a highly competitive school, at least in Nanjing. As of 2019, all 19 students taking Gaokao attained scores above the first standard score; Average score in Zhongkao was 620 out of 700.
Various selective courses are available for all students. Topics range from liberal arts to STEM, from sporting to lectures, and from Olympiad training to cartoon design. Students are recommended to take 1-2 selective courses, but not as a compulsory. Some courses are certified international course programs, such as FHAO courses; others are generally school-based courses, such as STEM courses, debate, and MUN.
Olympiads
NFLS has strong coaching resources in various fields, notably Mathematics, Physics, and CS, which contributed to a considerable number of students excelling in STEM competitions. By far, students from NFLS has won 9 gold medals in international STEM Olympiads (IPhO 1996, 2012, IChO 2008, IOI 2005, 2006, 2009, 2013, 2013, 2019). In year 2019 alone, 6 students have been selected into national Olympiad teams (IOI 1, IYPT 2, ISIJ 1, ILO 2).
Notable alumni
Zhu Bangzao, ambassador of China to Tunisia (2002 - 2003), ambassador of China to Switzerland (2004 - 2008), ambassador of China to Spain (2009 - 2014)
Lu Shaye (1982), ambassador of China to Senegal (2006 - 2009), ambassador of China to Canada (2017 - 2019), Chinese Ambassador to France and Monaco (2019 - )
Liu Mingyan (1991), Peter and Evelyn Fuss Chair of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan
Sun Ning (1999), translator of Xi Jinping
Zhang Zetian (2011), businesswoman who married to Liu Qiangdong, CEO of JD.com.
Zhang Kangyang, the Chairman of Inter Milan.
See also
List of Foreign Language Schools in China
Notable High Schools in Nanjing
External links
Notes
High schools in Nanjing
Foreign-language high schools in China
International Baccalaureate schools in China
Educational institutions established in 1963
1963 establishments in China | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing%20Foreign%20Language%20School |
Caron Bernstein (born 16 August 1970) is a South African model, actress and singer.
Biography
Caron Bernstein was born in Johannesburg. She majored in painting while studying at the School of the Arts in Johannesburg. At the age of fourteen, she was awarded a modeling contract with Ford Models. At 23, Bernstein changed her focus from modeling to music, signing three record deals with major labels by the time she was 26.
Bernstein later returned to art, focusing on portraits that attempt to capture the darker aspects of the subject's character. Her work has included victims of suicide, anorexia and alopecia. She has described her style as "surrealistic anime".
Bernstein lives and works in New York City with her husband Andrew Schupak and son Jett.
Filmography
Indiscretion (101) (2005) – Kristin
Operation Midnight Climax (2002) – Kali 'Bondgirl' Bond
Red Shoe Diaries 18: The Game (2000) (V) – Lily (segment: "The Game")
Business for Pleasure (1997) – Isabel
Who's the Man? (1993) – Kelly
Waxwork II: Lost in Time (1992) – The Master's Girl
Television
"Red Shoe Diaries" – Art of Loneliness (1996) (TV episode) – Frances
"Red Shoe Diaries" – The Game (1994) (TV episode) – Lily
External links
Caron's Official Myspace
@caronbernstein1984 Instagram
1970 births
Living people
Singers from Johannesburg
South African female models
South African film actresses
South African women singer-songwriters
South African singer-songwriters
White South African people
South African Jews
20th-century South African women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caron%20Bernstein |
Kudargarh is a famous Hindu pilgrim centre situated in Surajpur District of the state of Chhattisgarh in India. It is 44 km from district headquarters of Surajpur connected by an all-weather road. The best time to visit is during Chaitra Navaratra (in the month of April).
It is located on a hillock with approximately 800 steps. A very panoramic view from top on addition to the DARSHAN of deity.
Temple
The Maa Bagheshwari Devi Temple is dedicated to Goddess Kudargarhi who is perched on top of a hill and is the major attraction in Kudargarh.
The history of the temple is obscure. According to Dalton, the temple was built by Suryavanshi Khairwar Baland Rajput Kings. Balands were the original rulers of Korea state in the 17th century.
Also Devotees throng this temple to appease the goddess for the fulfillment of their desires. On fulfillment of their wish, the Goddess is offered with the blood of a goat which is poured into a small hole (kund) of 6 inch in diameter. It is said that the kund would not get filled up even if thousands of goat's blood is poured into it, in which blood goat in honour of devi is given, a fact is that it never overflows.
References
2. कुदरगढ़ में बलि कुंड और इससे जुड़ी मान्यता
External links
Hindu temples in Chhattisgarh
Shakti temples | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kudargarh |
Robert Weir, (December 5, 1882 – March 7, 1939) was a Canadian politician.
Weir was born in Wingham, Ontario, and was a teacher by training. After working in Ontario he moved to Regina, Saskatchewan, where he taught, worked as an actuary, public school inspector, farmer and horse, cattle and hog breeder. He fought in World War I and was wounded at the Third Battle of Ypres.
He was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1930 federal election becoming the Conservative MP for Melfort, Saskatchewan.
He was appointed to the Cabinet as Minister of Agriculture under Richard Bennett at a time when farmers were faced with the drought known as the "Dust Bowl" as well as the general crisis of the Great Depression which caused wheat prices to collapse from $1.28 to 60 cents a bushel within three years.
Under Weir's tenure, agricultural researchers attempted to teach farmers how to prevent soil drifting that caused the Dust Bowl and initiated a major grasshopper control campaign in 1933 that reduced crop losses.
The National Products Marketing Act, which attempted to establish a national marketing board was declared unconstitutional in 1934 for exceeding the federal government's jurisdiction.
Weir's Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration Act passed in April 1935. The law provided money to farmers to encourage them to improve their farming practices, conserve water supplies and adopt new land-use practices. He also reformed and expanded scientific research by the Department of Agriculture in conjunction with the National Research Council.
External links
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Saskatchewan
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
1882 births
1939 deaths
People from Wingham, Ontario
School inspectors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Weir%20%28politician%29 |
The Black North is an expression sometimes used to describe Northern Ireland. Typically it refers to the majority presence of Protestants (whose main denominations include Church of Ireland, Presbyterian Church of Ireland and Methodist Church in Ireland) in some of the six counties that comprise Northern Ireland. Early references that include this expression include an article by Belfast socialist William Walker in response to a piece by James Connolly (Walker, 1911). The origin of the term is obscure. It may be related to the Royal Black Institution. The phrase is sometimes used in a pejorative way when referring to people from Northern Ireland, though literally it carries with it mildly mocking, or (when used by Northerners to describe themselves), perhaps ironic connotations.
In the North American context, the phrase has also been used to describe the situation of African Americans in the northern states of the US, arising from an article written by W. E. B. Du Bois
entitled "The Black North: A Social Study."
References
William Walker, 1910, "Rebel Ireland and its Protestant Leaders", available at www.marxists.org
W.E. Burghardt Du Bois, "The Black North: A Social Study" available at about.com
The black north; an account of the six counties of unrecovered Ireland ; their people, their treasures and their history. by Aodh de Blacam ("Roddy the Rover") with a foreword by Eamon de Valera. Dublin, M. H. Gill and son, ltd, 1938.
Geography of Northern Ireland
Culture of Northern Ireland
English phrases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Black%20North |
Route 85 is a north–south state highway in Massachusetts, United States. It passes through the heart of Boston's MetroWest region, through towns on the eastern edge of Worcester County and western edge of Middlesex County, crossing the border between the two counties four times. Throughout its entire distance, Route 85 runs parallel to I-495, never passing more than two miles from it.
Route description
Route 85 begins in the town of Milford at Route 16, just east of the downtown area. It passes east of Milford Pond before having a junction with I-495 at Exit 20. From there, Route 85 heads northward into Hopkinton, passing the eastern side of Echo Lake. It intersects Route 135 at the center of town, less than a quarter mile west of the starting line of the Boston Marathon. It then passes through Hopkinton State Forest and past the Hopkinton Reservoir before entering the town of Southborough.
In Southborough, Route 85 crosses under I-90 (the Mass Pike) without junction; the nearest exit is in neighboring Framingham. It then meets Route 9, the second of the four major east-west routes out of Boston, in an elevated four-way interchange. It then crosses the Sudbury Reservoir before meeting Route 30 at the center of town. From there, Route 85 continues northward into Marlborough,meeting U.S. Route 20 in the downtown area. It then passes the far western edge of the Fort Meadow Reservoir before crossing into Hudson.
Shortly after entering Hudson, Route 85 meets Hudson Street, the super two connector road between it and the junction of I-290 and I-495 at I-495's Exit 25 and I-290's terminus, Exit 26. From there Route 85 heads north, crossing the Assabet River before meeting Route 62, passing concurrently with that route through Wood Square before Route 85 continues northward. After passing into Bolton, the route passes between Little Pond and West Pond before ending at Route 117, less than a half mile east of I-495's exit 27.
Route 85 Connector
MA 85 Connector is a road that goes from the eastern terminus of Interstate 290 (I-290) to MA 85, away in Marlborough.
Future
Improvements to Route 85 in Hudson
In 2011 a $10.8 million project to reconstruct 7,700 feet (1.5 miles) from School Street/Park Street to the Marlborough City Line begun. The project consisted of a travel lanes and bike shoulders with concrete sidewalks throughout the project corridor. The Walmart Driveway was reconstructed with bicycle accommodation, ADA compliance, and a new traffic signal. At the intersection of the Route 85 Connector and Technology Drive, the intersection was reconstructed. A new northbound left turn lane was constructed, new through lane constructed on Technology Drive, new through lane on Route 85 Connector and a new wire traffic signal. The section between Route 85 Connector and Broad Street consisted of four lanes (two in each direction) with a raised concrete median. At the intersection of Broad Street, the existing signal was replaced with a two-lane roundabout. The roadway was be widened to four lanes (two in each direction) from Houghton Street to Broad Street. A new traffic signal was installed at R.K Town Centre Drive with a new turn lane. A new traffic signal was installed at Giasson Street. A new northbound left turn lane with a new traffic signal was installed at Brigham Street. From Brigham Street to Park Street, the roadway is now cold planed and resurfaced with drainage, curbing, sidewalks and driveways included. At Park Street/School Street, a new traffic signal was installed and a new southbound right turn lane will be constructed.
Hudson Route 85 Bridge
Beginning in 2013, MassDOT replaced the existing structurally deficient arch bridge with a new bridge. The estimated cost is $7 million. The project is funded as part of the Accelerated Bridge Program and used innovative construction. The new bridge consists of new concrete reinforced abutments and a new concrete NEXT beam superstructure.
Major intersections
References
External links
Reconstruction of State Route 85
085
Transportation in Worcester County, Massachusetts
Transportation in Middlesex County, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts%20Route%2085 |
General Sir Alexander John Godley, (4 February 1867 – 6 March 1957) was a senior British Army officer. He is best known for his role as commander of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force and II Anzac Corps during the First World War.
Born in Gillingham, Kent, in England, Godley joined the British Army in 1886. He fought in the Boer War and afterwards served in a number of staff positions in England. In 1910 he went to New Zealand as Commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces. Promoted to temporary major general, he reorganised the country's military establishment. Following the outbreak of the First World War, the New Zealand government appointed him as commander of the New Zealand Expeditionary Force, which he led for the duration of the war.
During the Gallipoli campaign, Godley commanded the composite New Zealand and Australian Division, before taking over command of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps for the final stages of the campaign. Promoted to lieutenant general, he was given command of II Anzac Corps in 1916. He led the corps for most of its service on the Western Front. Regarded as a cold and aloof commander, his popularity was further dented in October 1917 when he insisted on continuing an offensive in the Ypres salient when weather and ground conditions were not favourable. His corps suffered heavy losses in the ensuing battle. In 1918, II Anzac Corps was renamed XXII Corps and he led it for the remainder of the war.
After the war, Godley spent time in occupied Germany as commander of the IV Corps and then, from 1922 to 1924, the British Army of the Rhine. In 1924 he was promoted to general and was made General Officer, Commanding, Southern Command in England. He was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in 1928 and was Governor of Gibraltar for five years until his retirement in 1933. During the Second World War he commanded a platoon of the Home Guard. He died in 1957 at the age of 90.
Early life
Alexander Godley was born at Gillingham in Kent, England, on 4 February 1867, the eldest son of William Godley, an Irishman who was a captain in the British Army, and Laura , who was English. His father's brother was John Robert Godley, the founder of Canterbury province in New Zealand. Despite being born in England, Godley always viewed himself an Irishman.
The family moved to Aberdeen in Scotland the year after Godley's birth and then to London in 1873 where he entered the Royal Naval School as he intended to join the Royal Navy. However, after a few years, Godley reconsidered his future and chose to pursue a career with the British Army. To ensure he was adequately educated to qualify as a gentleman cadet for the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he was enrolled at Haileybury College in 1879. The following year, when he was 13, his father died leaving his mother to raise and educate four children with limited financial resources.
Unable to continue at Haileybury, Godley attended United Services College, in Devon, as a boarder. At one time, his roommate was Rudyard Kipling. After several years, and well prepared, he passed the entrance examinations for Sandhurst and duly entered the college as a gentleman cadet in 1885. On graduation, ranked 81st out of 156 cadets, he was commissioned into the Royal Dublin Fusiliers the following year as a lieutenant. His maternal uncle, Spencer Bird, was an officer in the regiment's 1st Battalion, and ensured Godley joined his unit.
Initially stationed at Mullingar in Ireland, Godley's military duties were not onerous and there was plenty of time for sport. An enthusiastic horseman, Godley engaged in hunting and polo, at which he became extremely proficient. He later played in the first international polo match between England and Argentina at the Hurlingham Club in Buenos Aires. Life as an officer in the British Army could be expensive and his living costs exceeded his basic salary. In February 1889, he became the battalion adjutant, and this position saw a useful increase in his salary. From 1890, Godley served in a number of posts around Ireland, including the Royal Dublin Fusiliers recruiting depot at Naas, in County Kildare. Here, to supplement his pay, he trained polo ponies. He also met Louisa Fowler, his future wife, the elder sister of Sir John Sharman Fowler.
In 1894, Godley took an instructors course for mounted infantry at Aldershot. In March 1896, by which time he had reached the rank of captain, he ended nearly ten years of service with the Dublin Fusiliers and returned to Aldershot as adjutant of the Mounted Infantry School there. Later that year he was selected for service in Mashonaland, to help suppress a rebellion in the British South Africa Company's territories in Rhodesia. After serving with the Special Service Battalion of the Mounted Infantry, he returned to England the following year and was promoted brevet major. Again based at Naas, he resumed his acquaintance with Louisa Fowler, and the couple married on 17 September 1898.
Boer War
In 1898 Godley attended Staff College at Camberley but, following the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899, ended his studies early to volunteer for service in Africa. Along with other officers of the Special Service Battalion, he helped to raise irregular mounted regiments. Godley was later adjutant to Colonel Robert Baden-Powell and was present during the siege of Mafeking. He was also chief staff officer to Lieutenant Colonel Herbert Plumer and later commanded the Rhodesian Brigade. In 1900, Godley transferred to the Irish Guards before being appointed to the staff at Aldershot as commander of the Mounted Infantry. Three years later he transferred to Longmoor Military Camp, commanding the Mounted Infantry there until 1906.
Commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces
Godley was a colonel and serving on the staff of 2nd Division when, in 1910, he accepted the position of commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces, as the New Zealand Army was then known. He had some reservations about his new appointment; he had been in line for command of an infantry brigade and was concerned that being posted to remote New Zealand would be detrimental to his career. He arrived in New Zealand to take up his duties in December 1910.
Promoted to temporary major general, Godley, together with fourteen British Army officers seconded to the New Zealand Military Forces, was tasked with reorganising and instilling professionalism in the military establishment of the country. Compulsory military training had recently been introduced by the government but with little thought as to its implementation. In refining the New Zealand Military Forces, Godley drew heavily on the recommendations of Lord Kitchener, who had visited New Zealand earlier in the year on an inspection tour.
Godley established the Territorial Force, which replaced the outdated and recently disbanded Volunteer Force. He organised the structure of the New Zealand Military Forces into four military districts, with each district to be capable of raising an infantry and a mounted brigade. The districts had a specified number of battalions and regiments organised along the lines of the British Army. He also formed the New Zealand Staff Corps, which provided a professional body of officers to train and administer the Territorial Force. The quality of small arms and other personal equipment provided to the country's military personnel were improved and orders placed for new artillery pieces and machine-guns.
By 1914 the Territorial Force had some 30,000 men involved in divisional level training camps; two years previously, the manpower and logistical constraints of the force was such that only battalion level camps could be achieved. When General Ian Hamilton, the Inspector General of Overseas Forces, visited New Zealand in 1914, he was impressed with the level of preparedness of the country's military. This reflected positively on Godley's work, and he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George the same year.
From 1912, Godley began putting plans in place for the rapid deployment of a New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) in the event of war in Europe. He anticipated that Imperial Germany would be the likely enemy and envisaged deployment to either Europe or possibly Egypt, to counter the likely threat to the Suez Canal in the event Turkey aligned itself with Germany. He envisioned the expected deployment would be co-ordinated with an Australian Imperial Force (AIF) and liaised with the Australian Chief of General Staff, Brigadier General Joseph Gordon, and the possibility of a composite division was discussed. The question of Germany's possessions in the South Pacific was also raised, and it was agreed that New Zealand would have responsibility for German Samoa, while Australia dealt with German New Guinea. The arrangements Godley put in place for deployment for the NZEF were soon put to the test, for when the First World War began, a New Zealand occupation force was quickly assembled to occupy German Samoa.
First World War
The New Zealand government authorised the formation of the NZEF for service in the war in support of Great Britain, with Godley, having relinquished his position as commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces to Major General Alfred William Robin, as its commander. Godley would retain command of the NZEF for the duration of the war, making regular reports to James Allen, the New Zealand Minister of Defence. By October 1914, the NZEF consisted of 8,500 men and, along with Godley, embarked from Wellington for Europe. The NZEF was intended for service on the Western Front but was diverted to Egypt while in transit, following the entry of Turkey into the war. In Egypt, the NZEF underwent an intensive period of training under Godley's supervision. Despite his strict approach to training and discipline, he was a relatively enlightened commander for his time; he discreetly established drinking canteens and venereal disease treatment centres for his men.
Gallipoli
Prior to the start of the Gallipoli campaign, Godley was made commander of the New Zealand and Australian Division, a composite formation of infantry brigades of the NZEF and the AIF. His new command was one of two infantry divisions of the newly formed Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, commanded by General William Birdwood.
Although an extremely competent administrator, there were reservations within the New Zealand government following Godley's appointment as commander of the division. Allen, although publicly supportive of Godley, privately believed an alternative commander should be found after the division completed its training. Godley was a distant and remote divisional commander, not popular with most soldiers of his command. He also favoured the professional officers of the NZEF, most of whom were seconded from the British Army, over those drawn from the Territorial Force.
On the day of the landing at Gallipoli, 25 April 1915, Godley came ashore on Gallipoli at midday. Consulting with Major General William Bridges that afternoon, Godley was of the view that the Allied forces, dealing with stiffer than expected resistance, should be evacuated ahead of an expected attack by Turkish forces the next morning. Although Bridges agreed with Godley, the commander of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force, Sir Ian Hamilton, ordered them to hold fast.
Godley continued as divisional commander for most of the campaign at Gallipoli. Of tall stature, he made constant tours of the front line amidst jokes that the communication trenches needed to be dug deeply to allow for his height. On one visit to Quinn's Post on 7 May, he personally directed troop deployments to counter a potential Turkish counterattack. Despite his inspections, his reputation amongst the rank and file of the division did not improve. Nor was his co-ordination of offensive operations sound; during the August offensive, his lack of oversight allowed one of his brigade commanders, Brigadier General Francis Johnston, a British Army officer on secondment to the NZEF, to vacillate over deployment of reinforcements. On the morning of 8 August, the Wellington Infantry Battalion was in tenuous possession of Chunuk Bair but required support to consolidate its position. Johnston did not order his reinforcements forward until later that day. Crucial momentum was lost and Chunuk Bair was later recaptured by the Turks. In September Godley complained to General Maxwell in Egypt that too few of the recovered sick or wounded casualties from Gallipoli were being returned from Egypt, and he replied that "the appetite of the Dardanelles for men has been phenomenal and wicked"
When Birdwood took over command of the newly formed Dardanelles Army, Godley became commander of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps for the final stages of the Gallipoli campaign and was promoted to temporary lieutenant general on 25 November 1915. With his appointment as corps commander, he also effectively took over responsibility for the administration of the AIF. The same month it was decided to evacuate the Allied forces from Gallipoli. Although much of the detailed planning for the evacuation was left to his chief of staff, Brigadier General Brudenell White, Godley closely inspected the plans before giving his approval. The evacuation was successfully carried out on the nights of 19 and 20 December, with Godley departing on the first night. Following the withdrawal, he was made Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath for his services at Gallipoli, on the recommendation of General Sir Charles Monro, who had replaced Hamilton as Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force.
Reforming in Egypt
The NZEF and the AIF had returned to Egypt following their withdrawal from Gallipoli. The number of reinforcements from both New Zealand and Australia were more than enough to bring the existing ANZAC divisions back up to strength, and in January 1916 Godley proposed forming new divisions from the surplus reinforcements. These were the New Zealand Division and the Australian 4th and 5th Divisions. The new formations, together with the existing divisions, formed the I ANZAC Corps (the renamed Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) and II ANZAC Corps.
Godley was named as commander of I ANZAC Corps which included the original AIF divisions, the 1st and 2nd Divisions, and the newly formed New Zealand Division. These divisions were engaged in defensive duties along the Suez Canal. However, following the German attack at Verdun in February, it was decided that the planned move of I ANZAC Corps to the Western Front be expedited. Birdwood was to take the corps to France, and on 28 March 1916, he exchanged commands with Godley, who took over II ANZAC Corps.
Western Front
Godley's II ANZAC Corps consisted of the Australian 4th and 5th Divisions along with the ANZAC Mounted Division, and it took over the defensive duties of the I ANZAC Corps. The two Australian divisions were still relatively raw and Godley oversaw the intensive training of both formations. By the end of May 1916, he considered the divisions to be the equal of the 1st and 2nd Australian divisions, which were by that time on the Western Front. The following month, the divisions of II ANZAC Corps began departing for France. Godley went on leave for a short time during this period of transition for his corps. In July, he returned to duty and II ANZAC Corps took over the section of the front line previously occupied by the I ANZAC Corps, near Armentieres. Later that same month, the 5th Division participated in the Battle of Fromelles in support of the neighbouring British XI Corps. It, together with the 4th Australian Division, would later be transferred to the Somme.
Godley's rank of lieutenant general was made substantive in September 1916 and he continued to lead II ANZAC Corps while the I ANZAC Corps was engaged in the Battle of the Somme. In October, the New Zealand Division, blooded on the Somme, joined II ANZAC Corps along with the 3rd Australian Division, previously based in England. The corps, attached to the Second Army, performed well in its first major engagement, the Battle of Messines. Writing to Allen after the battle, Godley regarded the capture of Messines as "... the greatest success of the war so far, all of it achieved with much lighter casualties than those incurred on the Somme." Despite this success, in August, Godley's poor standing amongst the NZEF was publicly raised by a member of the New Zealand Parliament who had visited the front earlier in the year.
While serving on the Western Front, Godley continued to fulfil his role as the commander of the NZEF along with his corps command. By September 1917, as reinforcements from New Zealand continued to arrive on the Western Front to replace the casualties lost in the major battles of the previous two years, Allen, still the Minister of Defence, was concerned by the drain on New Zealand's manpower. Allen considered that Australia and Canada were not making their proper contributions to the war effort. Godley pointed out that the Australian divisions had seen more action than the New Zealanders.
The II ANZAC Corps played an important role in the Third Battle of Ypres in October 1917. Following the success of his corps at the Battle of Broodseinde on 4 October 1917, Godley believed the morale of the Germans was low and pushed for further attacks to secure the Passchendaele Ridge. This was in concert with the preference of Field Marshal Douglas Haig, the commander of the British Expeditionary Force. Godley's commander, General Herbert Plumer, preferred to halt the offensive as the weather had deteriorated immediately after the battle. In the Battle of Poelcapelle on 9 October by the 49th and 66th Divisions, both British formations attached to II ANZAC Corps, were hampered by the poor weather which showed no signs of abating and achieved very limited gains.
Despite this and at Godley's urging, a further attack was planned for 12 October, this time using the New Zealand Division and the 3rd Australian Division. By now the ground was a sea of mud and a lack of preparation on the part of Godley's corps headquarters hampered the preliminary movements of the attacking divisions and supporting artillery. Godley's plans for the attack were overly ambitious and beyond the scale of previous operations that had been mounted earlier in the month in better weather and ground conditions and with more time to prepare.
The First Battle of Passchendaele on 12 October proved to be a failure with limited gains and heavy losses in the attacking divisions. Russell, commander of the New Zealand Division, considered the planning and preparation by Godley and his staff at II ANZAC Corps for the battle to be inadequate. After the battle, Godley downplayed the losses in the New Zealand Division (which amounted to around 2,900 casualties) and overstated the gains made in official correspondence to Allen and a friend, Clive Wigram, who was the assistant private secretary to King George V.
Notwithstanding Godley's efforts to placate him, Allen again raised his concerns over the extent of New Zealand's contributions to the war relative to Australia's and sought further explanation for the New Zealand losses of 12 October. Allen was also beginning to query the quality of British generalship. Godley raised the prospect of being replaced as commander of the NZEF and proposed Major General Andrew Russell, the commander of the New Zealand Division, as his successor. Godley remained the commander of the NZEF until its disbandment in late 1919.
In January 1918, II ANZAC Corps had its Australian contingent transferred and it was renamed XXII Corps. Two months later, the New Zealand Division was transferred to VII Corps. Godley's corps was now composed largely of British divisions with a small contingent of New Zealand corps units. After being involved in the defence of the Allied positions during the German spring offensive of late March, it then participated, under French command, in the Second Battle of the Marne in July. Godley was temporary commander of III Corps in the Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin during the early phase of the Hundred Days Offensive in August 1918 before returning to command of XXII Corps.
By the close of the war, Godley had been mentioned in dispatches ten times. He also received a number of foreign decorations as a result of his war service. After an award of the French Croix de Guerre, he was appointed in 1918 to the French Legion of Honour as a Grand Officier, having previously been made a Croix de Commandeur in 1917. He was also awarded the Serbian Great Officer Cross of the Order of the White Eagle (with Swords) in October 1916, the Belgian Order of the Crown in 1917 and the Belgian Croix de guerre in 1918.
Postwar career
After the war, Godley became commander of IV Corps which was based in Germany as an occupation army, but he remained responsible for administration of the NZEF until it was disestablished in November 1919. From 1920 to 1922, he was Military Secretary to the Secretary of State for War. He then returned to Germany as Commander-in-Chief of the British Army of the Rhine. Promoted to general in 1923, the following year he was appointed commander of England's Southern Command.
In August 1928, Godley was appointed to the governorship of Gibraltar, a position in which he remained until his retirement in 1933. Godley was considered the ablest of the immediate post war governors although he made a misjudgement in interfering in the politics of the Royal Calpe Hunt. The King had to intercede after Godley removed the master of the hunt creating large divisions that were not repaired until his successor took charge.
He always held his New Zealand soldiers in high esteem, even if that respect was not reciprocated, and made tours of New Zealand in 1934 and 1935. When made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath in January 1928, he included in his coat of arms an image of a New Zealand infantryman. In late 1936, Godley was considered a possible candidate for the governorship of New South Wales but was ultimately not appointed to the position. In his retirement Godley wrote a number of professional articles and his memoirs, Life of an Irish Soldier, were published in 1939. He later wrote and published British Military History in South America.
In late June 1939, Godley's wife Louisa died in England of a cerebral thrombosis. The couple were childless. She had lived in New Zealand during Godley's term as Commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces, and had also accompanied him to Egypt during the war. While in Egypt, she had been mentioned in despatches for her work in setting up and running a hospital in Alexandria for New Zealand soldiers. A wreath was sent for the funeral by the New Zealand government on behalf of its citizens.
Following the outbreak of the Second World War, Godley, now aged 72, offered his services to the New Zealand government, but got no response. He later commanded a platoon of the Home Guard. He also assisted the publisher in a revision of The Home Guard Training Manual and worked at the Royal Empire Society in London. He retired to Woodlands St Mary in Lambourn and then Boxford, both in Berkshire.
Death
Alexander Godley died at the age of 90 in a rest home at Oxford on 6 March 1957. After a funeral service at St Mary's Church, Lambourn Woodlands, Berkshire, was held on 14 March 1957, his remains were cremated and interred in his wife's grave. A memorial service was held at the Royal Military Chapel at the Wellington Barracks in London on 21 March 1957. The service was attended by a representative of Queen Elizabeth II.
Publications
Notes
References
External links
Photo of Godley's Medals
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1867 births
1957 deaths
People from Gillingham, Kent
Alexander
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Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour
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New Zealand recipients of the Legion of Honour
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Governors of Gibraltar
Military personnel from Kent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Godley |
Douglas Lee "Tim" Jamerson, Jr. (October 16, 1947 – April 21, 2001) was a Florida Commissioner of Education. He was appointed to the position in 1993 after Betty Castor resigned to become President of the University of South Florida. He was defeated in his bid for a full term in 1994 by Frank Brogan.
Jamerson grew up in the poor neighborhoods in St. Petersburg, Florida. He planned to attend Gibbs High School, but his grandmother encouraged him to go to Bishop Barry High School (now St. Petersburg Catholic High School) instead, where he was the school's first black student. Jamerson graduated from St. Petersburg Junior College and received his bachelor's degree in criminal justice from the University of South Florida. He also was a graduate of St. Petersburg Police Academy.
Jamerson was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1982 from District 55 and served five and a half terms in that capacity. Governor Lawton Chiles appointed him state education commissioner in 1993, but he lost the seat to Frank Brogan in the 1994 election, in which Republicans made substantial gains. After his loss, Chiles appointed him as secretary of the state Department of Labor.
Jamerson died of cancer at the Tallahassee Memorial Hospital in 2001, at the age of 53.
References
Florida Commissioners of Education
2001 deaths
African-American state legislators in Florida
University of South Florida alumni
1947 births
20th-century American politicians
Democratic Party members of the Florida House of Representatives
20th-century African-American politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug%20Jamerson |
El Azuzul is an Olmec archaeological site in Veracruz, Mexico, a few kilometers south of the San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán complex and generally considered contemporary with it (perhaps 1100 to 800 BCE). Named for the ranch on which it is located, El Azuzul is part of the Loma del Zapote complex. The site occupies the higher elevations north of the confluence of two ancient river courses, a part of the Coatzacoalcos River system. It is upstream of the monumental earthworks at Potrero Nuevo, which is part of the San Lorenzo complex.
Monumental art
El Azuzul is best known for two pairs of monumental sculptures, now on exhibit at the Museo de Antropologia, Xalapa, Mexico. These statues were found on the south side of the large pyramid/hill on the site, intact and apparently undisturbed since they were placed there in Pre-Classic times.
The first pair of statues, described as "some of the greatest masterpieces of Olmec art", are nearly identical seated human figures. When discovered the two statues were facing east, one behind the other (see bottom photo). Some researchers have suggested that these "twins" are forerunners of the Maya Hero Twins from the Popul Vuh, although their headdresses have led others to describe them as priests. The twin's headdresses have been mutilated, probably to erase identifying insignia.
Each twin, like the figure in San Martín Pajapan Monument 1, is grasping a ceremonial bar with his right hand under the bar and his left over, caught in the act of raising what has been described as an axis mundi or Mesoamerican world tree.
Facing these two humans was a feline-like statue, generally identified as a jaguar. Slightly larger than the humans it faced, the feline is roughly 1.2 meters high. A 1.6 meter version of this feline was found a few meters away, to the northeast. The jaguars show evidence of having been recarved from earlier monuments.
The humans are similar to other Olmec sculpture, in particular San Martin Pajapan Monument 1, where a young lord also attempts to lift a ceremonial bar. Despite its "tantalizing hints of [a] lost mythic cycle", it is not known with any clarity what this four statue tableau illustrates.
Structures
In addition to the large pyramid/hill, a long causeway or dike was constructed along the waterway, possibly functioning as a levee and/or wharf. El Azuzul also contains other possible structures, now completely overgrown.
Notes
References
External links
The Delanges visit El Azuzul, with many photos
Oblique view of a twin on display at the Museo de Antropologia
Olmec sites | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Azuzul |
Harold Christian Hagen (November 10, 1901 – March 19, 1957) was a Minnesota politician. He was a Farmer-Laborite and then a Republican, serving the ninth district from 1943 to 1955.
Born in Crookston, Minnesota, he was Lutheran of Norwegian ancestry. He attended St. Olaf College and then began as a publisher and editor of a Norwegian language newspaper and publisher of the Polk County Leader in Crookston.
He later served as secretary to Representative Richard T. Buckler. Succeeding Buckler, Hagen was elected as a candidate of the Farmer-Labor Party to the House of Representatives, representing Minnesota's 9th congressional district. He was subsequently reelected as a Republican U.S. Representative from 1943 to 1955. After his defeat in the United States House election, 1954, Hagen worked in Washington, D.C.'s public relations business. All together, he served in the 78th, 79th, 80th, 81st, 82nd, and 83rd congresses (January 3, 1943 – January 3, 1955).
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1901 births
1957 deaths
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20th-century Lutherans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Hagen |
is a Japanese actress and singer. Beginning in the entertainment industry as a child actor in television commercials, she appeared in her first voice acting role in the anime television series Angel Tales (2001).
In 2006, she became known for her role as Haruhi Suzumiya in the Haruhi Suzumiya franchise, winning the Voice Acting Award at the 2007 Tokyo Anime Awards, the Best Newcomer Award at the 1st Seiyu Awards in 2007, and the Best Lead Actress award at the 2nd Seiyu Awards in 2008. In addition, she also provided the voice of Misa Amane in Death Note, Konata Izumi in Lucky Star, and Lucy Heartfilia in Fairy Tail. In 2010, Hirano began transitioning her acting career to television and stage plays, starring in Konna no Idol Janain!? (2012) and Muse no Kagami (2012).
In the late 2000s and early 2010s, Hirano was regarded as an idol voice actor and is notable for being a voice actor who was able to cross over to mainstream entertainment. Along with voice acting, Hirano currently releases music through Universal Sigma. She released her first single "Breakthrough" in 2006, and she released her first album Riot Girl in 2008.
Early life
Hirano was born in Nagoya on October 8, 1987. She spent a few of her very early years of life in the United States before returning to Japan.
Career
Acting career
In 1998, Hirano joined the Tokyo Child Theatrical Group division of the company. After starting her acting career, Hirano began to appear in commercials and received her first role as a voice actress at 14 years old in the 2001 anime series Angel Tales. In 2002, when she was 15, she voiced co-lead character Lumiere in Kiddy Grade.
After graduating from high school, Hirano began seriously pursuing her voice acting and solo singing career. Her big break came in 2006, when she was cast as the voice of Haruhi Suzumiya, the title character and heroine of the anime series The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya. The series' public success boosted her popularity and career in Japan. Hirano soon became one of the first voice actors who crossed over into mainstream media, as well as one of the first well-known idol voice actors. This success was followed by her voicing Reira Serizawa in Nana and Misa Amane in Death Note. At the first Seiyu Awards, she won "Best Newcomer (female)", for her role as Haruhi Suzumiya; the same role also won her a nomination as "Best Main Character (female)". At the same awards, she was also nominated for "Best Supporting Character (female)", and earned two nominations for "Best Single" (one of which was for a solo, "Bōken Desho Desho?"; the other was a group nomination for the single "Hare Hare Yukai"). She also won in the Voice Acting category at the 2007 Tokyo Anime Awards for her role as the lead character in The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya.
Hirano performed at the Animelo Summer Live concerts between 2006 and 2008, as well as the Suzumiya Haruhi no Gekisō concert on March 18, 2007. She was a guest at Anime Expo 2007, along with other cast members from The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, Minori Chihara and Yūko Gotō. In 2007, she continued to enjoy great success in her career, landing the role of Konata Izumi in the anime version of Lucky Star. In 2008, at the second Seiyu Awards, she won for Best Lead Actress, and also for Best Singing along with cast members of Lucky Star for the series' opening theme "Motteke! Sailor Fuku".
In April 2011, Hirano announced that she had been prohibited from taking on new voice acting roles since the previous year. She still continued voicing characters for anime that received additional seasons or extended runs. Citing a need for a new agency that was more ideal for her career wishes, she announced on August 12, 2011, that she had left Space Craft Entertainment. On August 21, Hirano moved to the voice acting agency Grick. Days later, on August 27, she posted a message on her Twitter account, confirming that she had resumed new voice acting roles in anime.
In 2016, after a stint in the musical The Mystery of Edwin Drood in Tokyo, Hirano spent four months studying English and voice in New York.
Music career
Hirano's music career began as part of the band SpringS, which was active from 2002 to 2003. She then released two character image songs in 2005: , which was used as an ending theme to the original video animation Itsudatte My Santa!, and , which was an image song for her character Mamori Anezaki in the anime series Eyeshield 21.
Hirano's first solo single under the record label Lantis was "Breakthrough", which was released on March 8, 2006; the title track was used as the opening theme of the visual novel Finalist. Her next single was , which was released on April 26, 2006; the title track is used as the opening theme of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya. The CD sold out in Japan the very day it was released. This was followed by the release of an image song single for her character Haruhi Suzumiya on July 5, 2006, which contained the songs and . Her third single was released on September 6, 2006.
Hirano released her fourth single "Love Gun" on October 10, 2007. This was followed by her fifth single "Neophilia" which was released on November 7, 2007, and her sixth single "MonStAR" which was released on December 5, 2007.
Hirano released her seventh single "Unnamed World" on April 23, 2008; the title track was used as the ending theme to the anime series Nijū Mensō no Musume. This was followed by the release of her first solo album Riot Girl on July 16, 2008. She then released the song on October 8, 2008, which was used as the ending theme to the anime series Hyakko.
Hirano released her eighth single "Set me free / Sing a song!" on April 29, 2009. She then released her ninth single "Super Driver" on July 22, 2009; the title track is used as the opening theme of the second season of The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya. Her second album was released on November 18, 2009. Her tenth single "Hysteric Barbie" was released on June 23, 2010. To promote the single, she created a Twitter account which was originally intended to be only used for one day; however, she would continue to use the account after the promotion had ended.
In May 2011, Hirano released a compilation album titled Aya Museum. Later that month, she announced via Twitter that she was no longer performing music for Lantis and had discontinued her music career until further notice. On August 2, 2011, Japanese magazine Bubka confirmed that she was dismissed by Lantis due to a sex scandal involving her sleeping with several band members. She then returned to music in 2012 and was signed to the record label Universal Sigma. Her first release on the label was the mini album Fragments on May 23, 2012. This was followed by the song which was released on August 15, 2012; the title track is used as the ending theme to the anime film Fairy Tail the Movie: Phoenix Priestess.
In 2013, Hirano released two singles: "TOxxxIC" which was released on February 20, and "Promise" which was released on October 9; "Promise" was used as an insert song in the documentary film Kitakitsune Monogatari: Ashita e. She released her fourth album Vivid on February 19, 2014.
In 2018, Hirano performed the song "Pride", which was used as a character song to the mobile game Granblue Fantasy.
Personal life
In November 2010, Hirano posted a message on her Twitter account that she has had a pituitary gland tumor since junior high school. While not malignant, the tumor exerts pressure on certain motor functions, resulting in temporary memory loss, loss of vision and slurring of speech. She decided against elective surgery because the surgery would alter her nasal cavity and permanently modify her voice.
Public image
Once The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya broadcast in 2006, Hirano received widespread media attention and popularity, which led her to be known as a "super idol" in the voice acting industry. In 2007, she was ranked No. 36 in Daitan Map's Top 50 Voice Actors. She also notably became a voice actor who was able to cross over to mainstream media, where she began appearing on variety shows since 2010. In 2011, Hirano was the 5th best-selling voice actress, making in total sales.
Beginning in 2010, Hirano drew criticism from her anime fanbase when she openly discussed her dating and sex life on the variety show Goût Temps Nouveau, as well as the implication that she was abandoning voice acting in favor of a career in mainstream entertainment. In early 2011, an acquaintance of a Lantis employee leaked that Hirano had sexual relations with three of her band members, leading to the dismissal of all four of them; in August 2011, Japanese magazine Bubka published photos of their affair. The incidents have caused several fans to destroy her merchandise, create petitions to remove her from her role in Kizumonogatari, and send death threats. Hirano stopped posting on Twitter beginning on May 18, 2013, allowing her team to use her account as an information channel. In December 2022, Hirano stated on Twitter that she still receives death threats whenever she does voice acting work for anime and cites it as a reason why she has largely stepped away from anime voice acting.
Filmography
Anime
Live-action television series
Drama CDs
Film
Theatre
Dubbing roles
Hirano has had dubbing roles in localized versions of a number of foreign television series and films.
Video games
Discography
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Singles
Character albums and singles
Video albums
References
External links
Aya Hirano at Oricon
1987 births
Living people
Anime singers
Japanese child actresses
Japanese women pop singers
Japanese idols
Japanese musical theatre actresses
Japanese stage actresses
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
Lantis (company) artists
Universal Music Japan artists
Singers from Nagoya
Voice actresses from Nagoya
20th-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese women singers
21st-century Japanese singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aya%20Hirano |
Helicoptering can refer to the actions of a helicopter, or by analogy to:
the anemochoric (wind-based) dispersal of autorotating samara
the hovering behavior of a helicopter parent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicoptering |
Yoko Utsumi is a Japanese musical artist. Her solo music is a blend of punk, rock and ska influences, with some blues and jazz thrown in. During her long career, she has also played Japanese traditional music.
Utsumi has been a member of a few important Japanese underground bands, including Mescaline Drive, Soul Flower Union and Soul Flower Mononoke Summit. Although she left Soul Flower Union in 1998, she still occasionally appears on the band's albums and live shows. She is also still a member of Soul Flower Mononoke Summit, an acoustic offspring of Soul Flower Union which plays traditional Asian music with protest lyrics.
She has one self-titled album released in the United States on the Asian Man Records label, in 2005. She also performs with a band called YOKOLOCO, which includes Soul Flower Union keyboardist Shinya Okuno and former Thee Michelle Gun Elephant drummer Kazuyuki Kuhara.
References
External links
Japanese women musicians
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoko%20Utsumi |
Mark Wright (1955−2017) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer for the Newtown Jets in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership competition. He was born in Moree, New South Wales. Wright also played one game of representative rugby league for New South Wales, after appearing in only eight first-grade matches. His position of choice was at .
Career playing statistics
Point scoring summary
Matches played
References
Footnotes
1955 births
2017 deaths
Australian rugby league players
Newtown Jets players
Rugby league players from New South Wales
Rugby league centres | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Wright%20%28rugby%20league%29 |
is a Japanese voice actress and singer.
Filmography
Television animation
2001
Parappa the Rapper (Paula)
Angel Tales (Tanuki no Midori)
2002
Digimon Frontier (Nyaromon)
Shin Megami Tensei Devil Children: Light & Dark (Ishitoku)
2003
Tenshi no Shippo Chu! (Raccoon Midori)
2004
Legendz: Yomigaeru Ryuuou Densetsu (Dr. Conrad)
The Marshmallow Times (Basil)
Get Ride! Amdriver (June Frum)
2005
Pandalian (Diddy, Bingo)
Onegai My Melody (Nyanmi)
Zettai Shonen (Kisa Tanigawa)
Ginga Densetsu Weed (Mel)
2006
Ballad of a Shinigami (Momo)
Onegai My Melody: Kuru Kuru Shuffle! (Nyanmi)
Inukami! (Tenso)
Save Me! Lollipop (Zura)
Fairy Musketeers (Randagio)
Galaxy Angel Rune (Mimoret)
Lovedol ~Lovely Idol~ (Hibiki Asami)
2007
Onegai My Melody: Sukkiri (Nyanmi)
2008
Onegai My Melody: Kirara (Nyanmi)
2009
Cookin' Idol I! My! Mine! (Misan)
Jewelpet (Aojiso)
External links
1979 births
Living people
Singers from Yokohama
Voice actresses from Yokohama
Japanese voice actresses
21st-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akiko%20Kobayashi%20%28voice%20actress%29 |
Myron Walter Drabowsky (July 21, 1935 – June 10, 2006) was an American professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs, Milwaukee Braves, Cincinnati Reds, Kansas City Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, Kansas City Royals, St. Louis Cardinals, and Chicago White Sox. A noted practical joker, Drabowsky engaged in such antics as leaving snakes in teammates' lockers or phoning the opposing team's bullpen to tell a pitcher to warm up. He batted and threw right-handed.
Born in Poland to a Jewish family, Drabowsky emigrated to America in 1938. He excelled as a pitcher in high school and college and was signed as a bonus baby by the Chicago Cubs. He debuted for the Cubs in 1956 and finished tied for second in the National League in strikeouts in his rookie season. In 1958, he gave up Stan Musial's 3,000th hit. An arm injury that year curtailed his effectiveness, and after a couple more seasons with the team, he was traded to the Milwaukee Braves. He played for the Braves, the Cincinnati Reds, and the Kansas City Athletics in 1961 and 1962 before remaining with the Athletics through the end of the 1965 season. During this period, he was sent to the minor leagues a few times, and while in the major leagues, he typically went back and forth between the starting rotation and the bullpen, except in 1963, the year he had his lowest earned run average (ERA) as a starter. Drabowsky also was the losing pitcher to Early Wynn in Wynn's 300th win that season. Following the 1965 season, he was selected in the Rule 5 draft by the Baltimore Orioles.
Once in Baltimore, Drabowsky was used almost exclusively as a relief pitcher. After three starts in 1966, he pitched only in relief the rest of his career. He became a part of one of the best bullpens in the major leagues and posted ERAs of 2.80, 1.60, and 1.91 during his first three years with the club. The Orioles won the American League (AL) pennant in 1966, and in Game 1 of the 1966 World Series, Drabowsky relieved an ineffective Dave McNally with the bases loaded and one out in the third inning. Though he walked a batter to let in a run, he finished the inning with the Orioles leading 4–2, and he threw six scoreless innings after it to preserve the Game 1 victory. The Orioles swept the Los Angeles Dodgers in four games.
Drabowsky was selected by the Kansas City Royals in the expansion draft after the 1968 season. He won their first game in franchise history and led the AL in wins for relief pitchers, with 11. In 1970, he was traded back to Baltimore, where he won his second World Series, this one against the Reds. He pitched for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1971 and 1972 before finishing out his career with the Chicago White Sox that year.
After his career, Drabowsky worked for an envelope company and a communications firm until the 1980s, when increased salaries for coaches allowed him to support himself in baseball. He was the pitching coach for the White Sox in 1986, then for several of their minor league teams. Later, he served as the pitching coach for the Cubs in 1994, before rejoining the Orioles as their minor league pitching instructor in Florida. He died June 10, 2006, at the age of 70.
Early life
Moe was born Miroslav Drabowski in Ozanna, a village in southern Poland, located near Leżajsk, and was Jewish. His mother was an American citizen. The two fled to the U.S. in 1938 when Adolf Hitler began mobilizing in Eastern Europe. His father joined them a year later, and the family settled in Wilson, Connecticut, a village in the town of Windsor, just north of Hartford.
Growing up in Connecticut, Drabowsky was an avid Boston Red Sox fan. His favorite player was Bobby Doerr, and he wanted to be a second baseman too, but he was converted to a pitcher by his prep school coach, who observed he had a good arm. Drabowsky went to the Loomis Prep School, now Loomis Chaffee School, in Windsor where he had an 8–0 record with a no-hitter his senior year.
He later attended Trinity College in Hartford, where he studied economics. He had an academic scholarship to study at the school until he started partying too much in a fraternity. While at Trinity, he studied economics and played for their varsity baseball team, with whom he also threw a no-hitter. He played summers in Canada, in the Halifax and District League, for the Truro Bearcats. While with Truro, he caught the eye of former Chicago Cubs shortstop Lenny Merullo in 1956, who signed him to play for the Cubs that year. Sources differ on the exact amount of the contract, but Drabowsky himself said it was for $75,000 ($ today). This made Drabowsky a bonus baby, meaning the Cubs would have to keep him in the major leagues for two full seasons or expose him to waivers.
Baseball career
Chicago Cubs (1956–60)
Drabowsky made his major league debut on August 7, 1956, having just turned 21. He pitched a scoreless inning of relief in a 6–1 loss to the Milwaukee Braves. Eleven days later, pitching coach Dutch Leonard asked Drabowsky, "How would you like to do some throwing tonight?” "I'd like it," Drabowsky responded. “Then you’re starting against the Cardinals tonight.” Pitching into the eighth inning, Drabowsky held the St. Louis Cardinals to one run, picking up his first major league victory. He continued to make starts for the Cubs the rest of the year and finished the season with a 2–4 record, a 2.47 earned run average (ERA), and 36 strikeouts in 51 innings pitched.
In 1957, Drabowsky was the Cubs' number two starter. He was 4–8 with a 5.04 ERA through July 4; after that, he went 9–7 the rest of the way, with a 2.51 ERA. Control problems affected him during the year, such as in a game against the Cincinnati Redlegs on June 2, when he hit four batters (including future teammate and Hall of Famer Frank Robinson twice) in innings, tying a major league record. On August 4, in the first game of a doubleheader against the Pittsburgh Pirates, Drabowsky threw a shutout in a 6–0 victory. He threw another shutout against Cincinnati on September 4, also in the first game of a doubleheader, giving up just two hits this time in a 1–0 victory. Drabowsky finished the year with a 13–15 record. His 170 strikeouts tied him for second in the National League with teammate Dick Drott, behind another rookie, Jack Sanford of the Philadelphia Phillies, who had 188. His 33 games started were 4th (tied with Lew Burdette and Sanford), 239 innings pitched 6th, and 12 complete games 8th in the NL (tied with Brooks Lawrence and Don Newcombe). Additionally, he led the league with ten hit by pitches.
In 1958, Drabowsky did not appear in a game with the Cubs until May 1, delayed by a throat ailment and a stint in the United States Army Reserve. In his second start of the year, on May 13, he threw a curveball in the sixth inning of a start against the Cardinals which pinch-hitter Stan Musial made contact with for a double. The hit was Musial's 3,000th. Entering July 11, Drabowsky had an 8–7 record and a 3.80 ERA. In a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates held that day, though, Drabowsky "heard something snap in [his] elbow." He gave up five runs in the next inning, skipped his next start, and failed to get out of the first inning in his next before having to take time off. "The arm responded to treatment at first,” said Drabowsky, “then I had trouble again. I strained my shoulder favoring the elbow. One thing led to another." He returned for four starts in August but struggled and was shut down for the rest of the year. At season's end, Drabowsky had posted a 9–11 record with a 4.51 ERA and 77 strikeouts. He gave up 19 home runs, three shy of the previous year's total, despite pitching 114 fewer innings.
Drabowsky kept his spot in the Cubs' rotation in 1959 but saw little improvement from the year before. His best game of the year came on August 7, when he threw a five-hit shutout against the Pittsburgh Pirates. Drabowsky finished the season 5–10 in 31 games (23 starts), but his ERA dropped to 4.13, and his innings pitched rose to . However, he had seven fewer strikeouts than he had in 1958.
In 1960 spring training, Drabowsky's arm was pain-free. However, used mostly in relief, he posted a 9.70 ERA through July 4. This got him a demotion to the minor leagues for the first time, as he was sent to the Triple-A Houston Buffs of the American Association. At Houston, Drabowsky won all five of his starts and had a 0.90 ERA before getting recalled to the Cubs in August. He pitched better for the Cubs in his return, posting a 4.03 ERA in his final 11 games. In 32 games (seven starts), Drabowsky had a 3–1 record, a 6.44 ERA, and 26 strikeouts in innings pitched.
Milwaukee Braves, Cincinnati Reds, and Kansas City Athletics (1961–65)
At the end of spring training in 1961, the Cubs decided no longer required Drabowsky and traded him along with Seth Morehead to the Milwaukee Braves for Daryl Robertson and Andre Rodgers. Milwaukee did not have room for him in their rotation, though, and used him exclusively in relief, where he had an 0–2 record and a 4.62 ERA in 16 games. After Drabowsky gave up four runs in the sixth inning of a 10–8 loss to the Cincinnati Reds on June 8, Milwaukee banished him to the minor leagues and never bothered to call him up again the rest of the season. He finished the year pitching for the Louisville Colonels of the American Association, where in 20 games (nine starts), he had a 9–6 record but a 4.75 ERA, with 54 strikeouts in 106 innings pitched. Milwaukee left him unprotected from the Rule 5 draft after the season, and he was selected by Cincinnati. He started 1962 with the Reds, who used him both as a starter and a reliever. In 23 games for them (10 starts) through August 4, he went 2–6 for them with a 4.99 ERA. On August 13, the Kansas City Athletics acquired him for cash. He appeared in 10 games (three starts) for Kansas City the rest of the year, going 1–1 with a 5.14 ERA. Drabowsky's combined stats on the season were a 3–7 record, a 5.03 ERA, and 75 strikeouts in 33 games (13 starts).
Kansas City sent Drabowsky to the Triple-A Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League to start the 1963 season; most of his appearances were in relief (19 games, 2 starts) but after going 5–1 with a 2.13 ERA, he got called up to the major league club in June. Back in the majors, he was used as a starter once again. He lost his first six decisions, then went 7–7 the rest of the year to finish 1963 with a 7–13 record. One of the losses from the losing streak was notable; it was the 300th win for Early Wynn, on July 13. Despite the losing numbers, he had a very good 3.05 ERA and topped one hundred strikeouts for the first time since his rookie year, making the 1963 season a resurgence.
Drabowsky's 1964 season got off to a good start, as he pitched into the eighth inning in his first start and gave up just one run in a 3–1 victory over the Washington Senators. After that, he would lose seven decisions in a row before getting another win on June 8 (again against the Senators). He pitched out of the bullpen for a few games in June; by the end of July, he was being used almost exclusively as a reliever. Drabowsky appeared in the most games of his career that season (53), starting 21 times and logging innings. He struck out 119, the most since his rookie season. However, his record was 5–13, and his ERA was 5.29, a jump from the 3.05 mark the year before.
Despite the losing record and the high ERA the year before, Drabowsky was Kansas City's Opening Day starter in 1965. He went 0–3 with a 5.55 ERA in his first five starts before getting sent to the bullpen, then demoted to the Athletics' Triple-A affiliate, now the Vancouver Mounties, halfway through June. Drabowsky was not called back up, finishing the season in Vancouver. In 14 games (five starts) with Kansas City, he had a 1–5 record and a 4.42 ERA. In 17 games (12 starts) with Vancouver, he had an 8–2 record with a 2.44 ERA and 85 strikeouts in 96 innings—his time in Vancouver would be the last time he ever pitching in the minor leagues. After the 1965 season, Baseball-Reference reports that the St. Louis Cardinals purchased his contract from Kansas City on an unknown date. The Society for American Baseball Research reports merely that the Cardinals were interested in selecting him in the Rule 5 Draft from Kansas City but ultimately never got a chance to select him. Either way, he would not pitch for the Cardinals in 1966, as the Baltimore Orioles took him in the Rule 5 Draft on November 29, 1965.
Baltimore Orioles (1966–68)
The trade to Baltimore was a turning point in Drabowsky's career. It was here that he became a full-time relief pitcher; after making three starts for the Orioles in August 1966, Drabowsky would never start a game again over his final six years in the major leagues. With teammates Stu Miller, Dick Hall, and Eddie Fisher, Drabowsky was a part of one of the best bullpens of the 1960s.
Though Drabowsky was part of the Orioles' roster to begin the 1966 season, he was only used nine times in the team's first 37 games, and he had a 3.94 ERA. At the end of May, he asked pitching coach Harry Breechen if he could throw once every two nights. Pitching more frequently from that time forth, Drabowsky's ERA fell to 2.59 over his final 35 games. Bullpen coach Sherm Lollar speculated joining the Orioles gave Drabowsky new confidence. "We were a contender and could support his pitching." Drabowsky finished the year with six wins, no losses, a 2.81 ERA, and seven saves. He struck out 96 in 98 innings pitched as the Orioles won the American League (AL) pennant, sending Drabowsky to the playoffs for the first time in his career.
In the opening game of the 1966 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, Drabowsky entered the game in the third inning with one out and the bases loaded after starter Dave McNally was taken out of the game. After striking out the first batter, he walked Jim Gilliam to force in Lou Johnson for a run to cut Baltimore's lead to 4–2. That would be the last run the Dodgers scored in the entire series, however, as the Orioles would sweep them 4–0, the Orioles' next three wins coming on shutouts from Jim Palmer, Wally Bunker, and McNally. Drabowsky set a one-game World Series record for relievers by striking out 11 batters, and he tied Hod Eller's 47-year record of six consecutive fans in the 1919 World Series.
Over the next two seasons, Drabowsky continued to perform excellently in relief. In 1967, he was one of the few Oriole pitchers to repeat his success from the season before. Struggles by Stu Miller, who had gotten most of the Oriole saves a year before, allowed Drabowsky to be the team's primary closer. Drabowsky got off to a 6–0 start, with a mere six earned runs allowed through his first 25 games of the year. Beginning with his first loss July 28, Drabowsky would finish out the year with a 1–5 record, and his ERA would rise to 3.45 in his final 18 games. Still, Drabowsky finished the year 7–6, with a 1.60 ERA. He struck out 96 in 95 innings pitched and was tied for seventh in the AL with 12 saves, the only season in his career that he finished in the Top 10 of a league in saves.
Drabowsky did not allow a run in 1968 until his tenth game of the year. For the second year in a row, he posted an ERA under 2.00 (1.91). He threw innings in 45 games, and he had a 4–4 record with seven saves and 46 strikeouts. MLB added four clubs for the 1969 season, however, and Drabowsky was one of the few veterans selected by the Kansas City Royals in the expansion draft, ending his first stint with the Orioles.
Later career
Back in Kansas City, Drabowsky negotiated with his new club for a raise before signing his contract on February 28, 1969. He won the first-ever game in Royals' history, pitching a scoreless 12th on April 8 against the Minnesota Twins in a 4–3 victory. The win was the first of many for Drabowsky that season; he led all AL relief pitchers in 1969 with 11 victories. Additionally, he saved 11 games and finished 37 games (7th in the league). He threw 98 innings in 52 appearances and had a 2.94 ERA.
Drabowsky started 1970 with the Royals again. He spent time in the hospital after an averse reaction to medication, presumably during a stretch in May where he had 12 days off. On June 15, he saw on the out-of-town scoreboard that the Orioles' pitchers had struggled late in a game against the Milwaukee Brewers and speculated that the team would be wanting some bullpen help. He was reacquired by the Orioles for Bobby Floyd that same day before the trade deadline. "I always knew I'd come back to the Orioles someday," he said. He made 21 appearances for the Orioles the rest of the season, finishing the year with a 5–4 record, a 3.52 ERA, and 59 strikeouts in 69 innings pitched in 45 games between Kansas City and Baltimore. The Orioles won the AL East, and Drabowsky was a part of their playoff roster. He did not make an appearance in the first-round sweep of the Twins but was used twice in the World Series against the Reds. In Game 2, he entered in the fifth and pitched innings, giving up a solo home run to Johnny Bench in the Orioles' 6–5 victory over the Reds. He threw a scoreless ninth inning in Game 4, but the Orioles lost that game 6–5. However, that was the Orioles only loss of the series, and Drabowsky won another World Series ring as the Orioles defeated the Reds in five games.
Drabowsky was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals for Jerry DaVanon on November 30, 1970. He got into 51 games his first season with St. Louis, going 6–1 with a 3.43 ERA, eight saves, and 49 strikeouts in innings pitched. His ERA improved with the Cardinals during the next season; it was at 2.60 through his first 30 games when the club released him August 9. Signed days later by the Chicago White Sox, he became the 6th-oldest player in the American League. Drabowsky saw the end of his career coming in a game against the Boston Red Sox in August. "I threw a fastball [to Tommy Harper], and I watched that ball go to the plate, and I said, ‘When in the world is that ball going to get to the plate?’ I said, ‘Hey, my career is over.’” In 37 games, he had a 1–1 record, a 2.57 ERA, two saves, and 26 strikeouts in 35 innings. He lasted until the end of the year with Chicago, but following his release on October 6, Drabowsky would never pitch again.
Career statistics and pitching style
In 17 seasons Drabowsky won 88 games, lost 105, saved 55, struck out 1,162 and walked 702 in 1,641 innings pitched, posting a 3.71 ERA. He threw a fastball, curveball, and slider. When the Cubs first signed him, he was a hard-thrower, which helped him tie for second in the league in strikeouts as a rookie. Despite control issues, Drabowsky was supposed to be a future star for the team. However, his velocity went down after his arm injury in 1958. “I struggled for a few years after developing arm trouble,” summed up Drabowsky. “Then I made some delivery adjustments and became a pitcher instead of a thrower. I also became a student of the game, analyzing hitter’s strengths and weaknesses, and this is how I survived.”
Later life and coaching
Following his career, Drabowsky initially worked in other fields. He had a job with the Garden City Envelope Company in Chicago through 1982, following which he worked with a Canadian-owned communications firm. Changing salaries for coaches enabled him to return to baseball in the mid-1980s, and he became the Chicago White Sox' pitching coach in 1986. He then coached White Sox farm teams for several years: the Double-A Birmingham Barons from 1987 to 1988 and the Triple-A Vancouver Canadians from 1989 to 1991. Moving to the Cubs' organization in 1993, he served as the team's minor league pitching instructor for a year, then was the Cubs' pitching coach in 1994. After that, he served as the Orioles' minor league pitching instructor in Florida for over ten years, until his death in 2006.
Practical joker
Drabowsky was well known as a prankster whose jokes involved, among other things, being rolled to first base in a wheelchair after claiming to be hit on the foot by a pitch while with the Cubs. (Teammate Dick Drott obtained the wheelchair and pushed Drabowsky to first—and was ejected from the game.) Frequently, he would make prank phone calls with the bullpen phones. While on the road at Anaheim Stadium in California, he once ordered a takeout meal from a Chinese restaurant—in Hong Kong. The year after he left Kansas City, when Baltimore was playing the Athletics on May 27, he called Kansas City's bullpen and, imitating former manager Alvin Dark's voice, ordered Lew Krausse Jr. to warm up, then sit down again. Not until the third call did someone recognize his voice. "You should've seen them scramble, trying to get Lew Krausse warmed up in a hurry," Drabowsky said. "It was really funny." Once, he inserted three goldfish into the other team's water cooler.
Snake pranks were a specialty of Drabowsky's; while he was with the Orioles, he cultivated relationships with a number of pet shops around Baltimore. The stores would loan him their snakes, and Drabowsky managed to scare such famous players as Brooks Robinson, Paul Blair, and Yogi Berra. During the 1969 World Series, a biplane flew over Memorial Stadium during Game 1 with a banner proclaiming, "Good Luck Birds: Beware of Moe." For Game 2, he got the Baltimore Zoo to deliver a seven-foot black snake to the stadium. Though he was with the Orioles for their next World Series against the Reds, Drabowsky was more subdued in 1970: "When you're in the Series, you have to be careful because [pranks] might backfire." However, this caution did not apparently apply to people off the field, as Drabowsky gave Commissioner Bowie Kuhn a hot foot during the Orioles' 1970 World Series celebration. "You never saw a shoe come off so fast in your life," Drabowsky assessed the effectiveness of that prank.
In 1971, sportswriter Hal Bock was twice the victim of a Drabowsky hot foot during a series in New York (NL President Chub Feeney responded with an official censure.) During the same year, Drabowsky also threw cherry bombs in Chief Noc-A-Homa's teepee on a road trip to Atlanta. After retiring, he continued his jokes during his coaching days. Once, he even got arrested for cruelty to animals; Drabowsky wondered if he had done something unacceptable until he was informed at the police station that it was a joke arranged by his players. In the Jim Bouton book "Ball Four", one of Drabowsky's teammates claimed that Drabowsky got sick on a team flight and "puked up a panty girdle." "There is no bigger flake in organized baseball than Drabowsky," Bouton said.
Polish heritage
Chicago columnist Mike Royko stated in his annual Cubs quiz, April 11, 1968, that Drabowsky "is still considered the best pitcher that Ozanna, Poland, ever produced." In 1987, Drabowsky took a trip there with Hall of Famer Stan Musial to hold a baseball clinic in Kutno. Though Poland was his birthplace, he needed an interpreter to communicate with the players. "Talent in the raw, this is," Drabowsky characterized the Polish ballplayers with his usual wry sense of humor. "Very raw. Very, very raw. Extremely raw." He and Musial brought the participants baseball equipment donated by the MLB Commissioner's office, training the players on the fundamentals of the game. Drabowsky was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame in 1999.
Personal life
In 1957 Drabowsky met his first wife, Elisabeth Johns, a flight attendant for United Airlines, while traveling with his teammates. They were married in 1958 and had two daughters: Myra Beth and Laura Anne. A baseball fan, Elisabeth once told a reporter that she had harbored a crush on Dodgers' star Gil Hodges since she was ten. Drabowsky's daughter Laura, played the role of Brenda Madison on Port Charles. After 35 years of marriage, Moe and Elisabeth divorced, and Drabowsky got remarried in 1992. During his playing career, he worked as a stockbroker in the offseason. The Sporting News quipped that he came to the major leagues with The Sporting News in one hand and The Wall Street Journal in the other.
Drabowsky died in Little Rock, Arkansas following a long battle with multiple myeloma at age 70 on June 10, 2006. First diagnosed with the disease in 2000 and given six months to live, he survived longer than expected, continuing to coach while undergoing stem cell treatments.
See also
List of baseball players who went directly to Major League Baseball
List of select Jewish baseball players
List of Philadelphia and Kansas City Athletics Opening Day starting pitchers
References
External links
Baseball Almanac
Moe Drabowsky Biography at Baseball Biography
1935 births
2006 deaths
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Baltimore Orioles players
Chicago Cubs coaches
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago White Sox coaches
Chicago White Sox players
Cincinnati Reds players
Deaths from cancer in Arkansas
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Jewish American baseball players
Jewish Major League Baseball players
Houston Buffs players
Kansas City Athletics players
Kansas City Royals players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball pitching coaches
Major League Baseball players from Poland
Milwaukee Braves players
Baseball players from Hartford, Connecticut
People from Lwów Voivodeship
People from Leżajsk County
Sportspeople from Podkarpackie Voivodeship
Polish emigrants to the United States
Portland Beavers players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Trinity Bantams baseball players
Vancouver Mounties players
Loomis Chaffee School alumni
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moe%20Drabowsky |
The Closing Ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics took place on 26 February 2006 beginning at 20:00 CET (UTC+1) at the Stadio Olimpico in Turin, Italy.
Program
The games were formally closed by International Olympic Committee President Jacques Rogge calling them "magnificent". This again departed from former IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch's tradition of declaring each games "best ever" and continued Rogge's tradition of assigning each games their own identity in his comments.
Medal ceremony
During the closing ceremony, in the Olympic Stadium, medals were presented for Cross country skiing at the cross-country skiing men's 50 km free event, one of the last events held at the Games. In a new practice for Winter Olympics closing ceremonies, the medals for this long race were awarded during the ceremony similar to the way the medals for the men's marathon are awarded during the closing ceremonies of Summer Olympic Games.
Giorgio Di Centa of Italy, the host nation, won the race and was presented with the gold medal. Eugeni Dementiev of Russia was awarded silver, with Austria's Mikhail Botvinov claiming the bronze. The medal presenter was former Olympian and current IOC member Manuela Di Centa, sister of the gold medalist.
Carnevale
The main theme, to coincide with Italy's popular masked festival, was Carnevale. The show, directed by Daniele Finzi Pasca, who is known internationally for his theatre performances based on the circus world, included six of the original costumes from the film I clowns by Federico Fellini, on lease from the Italian national film museum. Life-sized Piedmontese tarot cards marching in drill formation signifying all the Luck, Fortune and Life of the Athletes performed to honor every individuals personal story in coming to Torino. The formal moments of the ceremony alternated with artistic moments inspired by the creativity of Viareggio Carnival artists, of travelling shows and of the typical Italian "feste in piazza". The original music was composed, arranged and orchestrated by Italian producer Michele Centonze in collaboration with Stefano Nanni, Giuseppe Gambino and Serenella Occhipinti (a.k.a. Sara 6).
Fiat 500s and Vespas drove through the center of the stadium to symbolize the crowded streets of the center of the Italian cities.
Wind machine
A wind machine was shown with flying acrobats performing an aerial ballet. This was a vertical wind tunnel that blew the acrobats up into mid-air. The machine was custom-built by Aerodium Canada and Aerodium Latvia for use in the closing ceremony. It is very similar to machines used for indoor skydiving facilities.
Parade of the athletes
The athletes entered the arena without strict order, following a tradition started 50 years earlier at the 1956 Summer Games. They had reportedly been given light-up red clown noses to wear, but few athletes were seen wearing the noses.
Intruders
During the final speech by Valentino Castellani, chairman of the Torino Olympic Organizing Committee, was tried to be disrupted by Catalan pitch invader Jaume Marquet i Cot, also known as Jimmy Jump, ran onto the stage and attempted to speak into the microphone. He managed to shout "Passion lives in Torino", as well as rip off one of the two microphones on the podium, before security officials quickly wrestled him away. Castellani continued his speech with only a minor pause. Jump T-shirt was printed with the logo of GoldenPalace.com.
A young Polish female streaker named Justine tried to perform a similar stunt, holding an Italian flag bearing the handwritten inscription "Mi consenta", and having a drawing by a Roman artist, Ettore Wallemberg III, on her skin, but security officials stopped her.
Come Play with Us in Vancouver 2010/Venez jouer avec nous en Vancouver 2010
In accordance with the Olympic Charter which governs the Closing Ceremony, IOC President Jacques Rogge called on the youth of the world to assemble in Vancouver, in four years, for the next Winter Olympics.
Canadian opera star Ben Heppner, himself born in British Columbia, the host province of the next Winter Olympics, sang O Canada to begin the Canadian segment of the ceremonies and mark the beginning of the countdown to the Vancouver Olympic Games in 2010. Heppner sang a version of O Canada which is presented in a combination of Canada's two official languages, English and French, which are also the official languages of the IOC.
Then came the "Oslo Ceremony" (so called because the original Olympic flag, which was used for transfer of the Winter Games, was first used at the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo), which is the transfer of the Olympic Flag from the mayor of Turin, Sergio Chiamparino, to Jacques Rogge, and then to the mayor of Vancouver, Sam Sullivan. The flag was kept in the Vancouver City Hall during the next four years. With music playing, Chiamparino ran up the steps to the stage, waved the flag the symbolic eight times, handed it to Rogge, who then handed it to Sullivan. Because Sullivan is a quadriplegic who uses a wheelchair and has limited use of his arms and hands, the flag was placed in a specially-designed flag holder on his chair. Sullivan then spun his chair back and forth eight times to make the flag wave in the air. The assembled crowd roared in approval and rose to their feet in response. This culminated this part of the program. The Olympic flag was next raised again at the next Summer Olympic games in Beijing; opening ceremony there took place on 8 August 2008.
The show included a Vancouver-based specially-cast dance corps together with the latest concepts in boarding, skating and skiing. The Montreal-based members of the cast are multi-talented acrobatic performers drawn from Quebec's acclaimed École nationale de cirque (National Circus School), and Les sept doigts de la main, energetically supported by the renowned Cirque du Soleil. In addition, Canadian singer Avril Lavigne performed her song, "Who Knows."
In Ottawa, Prime Minister Stephen Harper, himself from Calgary, the host city of the 1988 Winter Olympics, said in a statement that the Olympic flame had begun its journey to Vancouver.
Exit of the Olympic Flag
After the Olympic flag was lowered, Piccoli Cantori di Torino sung Va, pensiero while the flag was exiting the stadium.
The siege of Turin
After Va, pensiero was sung, there was a segment featuring the siege of Turin to commemorate the 300th anniversary.
Musical finale
Andrea Bocelli performed his song "Because We Believe (Ama Credi E Vai)" before the flame was extinguished; on stage with Andrea appeared 500 Italian brides in white carrying lighted lilies and formed "the Dove of Peace" formation choreographed by Doug Jack and symbolically "flew" across the stage as the flame took its final breath. An international collection of pop singers closed out the ceremonies as a fireworks display ensued, which was unusual because mostly artists that originate from the host country usually performs. After Canadian Avril Lavigne who had sung during the Vancouver segment, Italian Elisa, who had already sung at the closing ceremony of the 2002 Winter Olympics, performed the song "Luce (Tramonti a nord est)", and Puerto Rican Ricky Martin performed "I Don't Care" and "The Cup of Life".
Anthems
Piccoli Cantori di Torino – National Anthem of Italy
Seiji Ozawa and New Japan Philharmonic Orchestra – National Anthem of Greece
Ben Heppner – National Anthem of Canada
Olympic Hymn
Notable attendees
Aside from celebrities participating in the ceremonies and members of the International Olympic Committee, the following notable people were in attendance:
Silvio Berlusconi, Prime Minister of Italy
Luca di Montezemolo, President and CEO of Ferrari and chairman of FIAT
Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden, with son, Prince Carl Philip
Albert II, Prince of Monaco
Rudy Giuliani, former Mayor of New York City
Mario Andretti, Italian-American race car driver
Andrea Casiraghi, older son of the heir to the throne of Monaco, Caroline, Princess of Hanover
Tarja Halonen, President of Finland
Michaëlle Jean, Governor General of Canada with spouse Jean-Daniel Lafond and their daughter Marie-Éden.
Peter MacKay, Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs
Gordon Campbell, Premier of British Columbia, the host province of the 2010 Winter Olympics
Television broadcast
In the United States, NBC broadcast the ceremony on tape delay, starting at 7:00 pm EST and PST/6:00 pm CST and MST, and it was one of the broadcasters that did not edit out the intruders interrupting the speeches.
In Canada, CBC and CBC Newsworld broadcasts the ceremony live, starting at 1:00 pm EST, with several replays on both networks throughout the day.
In the UK, the BBC broadcasts the ceremony live, starting at 7:00 pm GMT.
In Australia, the Seven Network broadcasts the ceremony live, starting at 5.30 am AEST.
In Spain, TVE2 broadcast the ceremony.
In Italy, RAI broadcasts the ceremony live at the same time it start started.
Notes
See also
2006 Winter Olympics opening ceremony
2010 Winter Olympics opening ceremony
References
External links
Closing ceremony – IOC article
Canada to invite the world to "Come Play With Us in 2010"
Closing Ceremony article at BBC Sport
Ceremony Closing
Olympics closing ceremonies
Ceremonies in Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Winter%20Olympics%20closing%20ceremony |
R. Arokiaraj is a Carrom champion from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Arokiaraj was a city carrom champion.
He has won many international and national Carrom competitions.
International Championships
Champion, Doubles title with A. Maria Irudayam, First World Carrom Championship (1991) at New Delhi, India.
Runner-up, Singles title, First World Carrom Championship (1991) at New Delhi, India.
Member of the Indian team that won the Team Event at the First World Carrom Championship (1991) at New Delhi, India.
Champion, Singles title, First International Triangular Invitation Carrom Tournament (1991) at Male, Maldives.
Runner-up, Singles title, Second World Carrom Championship (1995) at Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Runner-up, Doubles title with A. Maria Irudayam, Second World Carrom Championship (1995) at Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Member of the Indian team that won the Team Event at the Second World Carrom Championship (1995) at Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Champion, Singles title, First Malaysian Open International Carrom Tournament (1999) at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Member of the Indian team that won the Team Event at the First Malaysian Open International Carrom Tournament (1999) at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Champion, Mixed Doubles with G. Revathay, fourth SAARC Carrom Championship (2000) at Male, Maldives.
Runner-up, Singles title, fourth SAARC Carrom Championship (2000) at Male, Maldives.
Member of the Indian team that won the Team Event at the Fourth SAARC Carrom Championship (2000) at Male, Maldives.
References
External links
R. Arokiaraj - Carrom Championship, Archived at the Internet Archive
Tamil sportspeople
Indian carrom players
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Game players from Tamil Nadu | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.%20Arokiaraj |
Dragana Mirković (, ; born 18 January 1968) is a Serbian pop-folk singer and entrepreneur. She rose to prominence in the eighties as a member of the popular collective Južni Vetar. Today, Mirković is recognised as one of the best-selling artists from the former Yugoslavia. Alongside her husband, she also founded a satellite music channel called DM SAT.
Life and career
Early life
Mirković was born on 18 January 1968, in Kasidol, a village near Požarevac, SR Serbia, SFR Yugoslavia. The youngest of two children, she grew up in the same household as her parents, grandparents and sister Dušica. Mirković has described her upbringing as "Yugoslav", noting the peaceful co-existence between Slavs of different faiths at the time. A musical influence in her youth was her grandfather, Dragutin, who played the accordion. At the age of five, she learned to sing the Bosnian folk song "Djevojka sokolu zulum učinila". Mirković recalled that she cried because of the events portrayed in the song. As a child, she began singing as a soloist in elementary school performances and competitions. Later, she would sing at various celebrations in Kasidol, which caught the attention of record executives.
1984–1991: Early success and Južni vetar
When she was 14, executives at the Diskos record label approached Mirković's parents with the idea of having her record a song in their studio. The result was Imam dečka nemirnog, which was released as a full studio album in 1984. Her second studio album Umiljato oko moje was released in 1985 and sold 250,000 copies. In the mid-1980s, Mirković began her collaboration with the music band Južni Vetar, composed of Miodrag Ilić as the bass guitarist, Sava Bojić lead guitarist and Perica Zdravković for keyboard. Spasi me samoće, which was released in 1986, was her first studio album with the group and sold over 400,000 copies. In addition to Mirković, the musical formation utilized other singers from Bosnia and Serbia and received widespread support from Yugoslavs, as folk music became the best-selling genre of the 1980s. She went on to record four more albums with Južni Vetar: Ruže cvetaju samo u pesmama (1987), Najlepši par (1988), Simpatija (1989) and Pomisli želju (1990). The single "Simpatija" (Crush) became a major commercial success.
1990s: Solo success
In 1991, Mirković released her eighth studio album (and third solo project), Dobra devojka, which featured two major hit singles: "Umreću zbog tebe" and "Kazi mi sunce moje". The album was followed by Dolaze nam bolji dani in 1992, which featured multiple hit songs, "Umirem majko", "Pitaju me u mom kraju", "Da, da, da", and "O, da li znaš". Mirković's tenth studio album, Do poslednjeg daha, was released in 1993, which featured numerous hit singles, such as "Do poslednjeg daha", “Bas tebe volim ja”, "Bicu njegova", “and "Vetrovi tuge". In 1994, she released her eleventh studio album, Nije tebi do mene, which included multiple hit singles such as, "Nisam ni metar od tebe", "Varala bih, varala" and "Opojni su zumbuli". The same year, Mirković starred in the feature film, Slatko od snova, playing the role of a girl who works in a fast food restaurant and dreams of becoming a famous singer.
Mirković released four more albums in the 1990s: Plači, zemljo (1995), which featured the hit singles, "I u dobru i u zlu", "Vrati mi se ti", "Uzeo si moja jutra" and "Divlja devojka", Nema promene (1996), with hit singles, "Dušu si mi opio", "To nije tvoja stvar" and "Oči pune tuge", and Kojom gorom (1997), with songs like "Poslednje veče", "Dolina kestenova", and the title track. Her final release of the 1990s was, U godini (1999), a collaborative album with Zlaja Band. After the release of her seventeenth studio album, Sama, which featured the hit singles, "Svatovi", and the title track, she went on a four-year hiatus. In 2001, Mirković performed live at the Vienna Künstlerhaus as part of a contemporary art exhibition, with many of those in attendance being Yugoslav migrant workers.
2004–2017: Return
In 2004, Mirković returned with her seventeenth studio album, Trag u vremenu. The comeback album featured multiple hit singles, including "Tamo gde je milo moje", "Evo dobro sam", "Zašto zoro svanjavaš" and "Preživeću". In 2006, she released her eighteenth studio album, Luče moje , featuring the hit singles "Pečat na usnama", "Na kraju", "Sudbina" and "Luce moje". In 2008, she released Eksplozija, which featured the singles, "Laste", "Zemljo okreni se", "Sve bih dala da si tu", and "Život moj".
In 2011, she released three new songs and a remake of an old song of hers. "Drugovi", "Srce moje" and "Jedini", were all released to critical acclaim. The remake of her 1991 song, "Umreću zbog tebe" was well received. The four songs, along with sixteen new ones, were featured on her twentieth studio album, 20, which was released in 2012. In 2014, Mirković released a duet with José Feliciano titled "Please Don't Go Away". The same year, she held a concert at Štark Arena in front of 20,000 fans to celebrate the 30th anniversary of her music career. In 2017, she released her twenty-first studio album, Od milion jedan.
Tours
In 2023, Mirković and her husband, Toni Bijelić, were greeted by actor Jean-Claude Van Damme upon their arrival in Hollywood, CA and were accompanied by Ukrainian actress Marina Mazepa, ahead of her US tour, which commenced in Phoenix, AZ.
Other ventures
In 2005, Mirković and her husband Toni Bijelić founded DM SAT, a satellite music video channel.
Mirković held a humanitarian concert in Zenica, Bosnia on 7 November 2012 in the Arena Zenica. The concert, called "Dragana and Friends for Zenica", also featured singers Hanka Paldum, Boban Rajović, Halid Muslimović, and the band Plavi orkestar. The concert raised around €26,500 (about $36,500 US dollars) for the People's Kitchen. The following month, Serbian tabloids claimed that "local politicians" in Zenica had taken €7,500 of the money to pay for renting out the arena, and another €11,500 for the sound system, leaving only about €7,500 of the money to charity. The tabloids claimed that the majority of the money went for the politicians' personal use. During the concert, Mirković and Hanka Paldum first publicly sang their duet "Kad nas vide zagrljene" (When They See Us Embrace). The song officially premiered one year later on 26 November 2013, when the music video was released. and was featured prominently in Serbian and Bosnian media.
On 19 December 2013, Mirković, along with Lepa Brena, Severina, Haris Džinović, Aca Lukas and Jelena Karleuša, was a guest at a humanitarian concert by Goran Bregović at the Olympic Hall Juan Antonio Samaranch in the Bosnian capital city Sarajevo for the Roma in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Personal life
In 1999, Mirković married Austrian businessman Toni Bijelić. They have two children together, Marko and Manuela.
Artistry
Musical style
Mirković is known for her "oriental" style of turbo folk. Her performance is often sentimental— resulting with songs in which the theme of female suffering in romantic relationships is prominent.
Legacy
Mirković is seen as one of the most popular Serbian folk singers, particularly in the turbo folk genre, as well as being one of the most successful recording artists from the former Yugoslavia.
Discography
Studio albums
Imam dečka nemirnog (1984)
Umiljato oko moje (1985)
Spasi me samoće (1986)
Ruže cvetaju samo u pesmama (1987)
Najlepši par (1988)
Simpatija (1989)
Pomisli želju (1990)
Dobra devojka (1991)
Dolaze nam bolji dani (1992)
Do poslednjeg daha (1993)
Nije tebi do mene (1994)
Plači zemljo (1995)
Nema promene (1996)
Kojom gorom (1997)
U godini (1999)
Sama (2000)
Trag u vremenu (2004)
Luče moje (2006)
Eksplozija (2008)
20 (2012)
Od milion jedan (2017)
Other
Slatko Od Snova (1994)
Zauvek (2003)
References
Sources
External links
DMSAT Official fan page
DM Official site
1968 births
Living people
Musicians from Požarevac
Serbian turbo-folk singers
Serbian folk-pop singers
21st-century Serbian women singers
Serbian folk singers
Grand Production artists
20th-century Serbian women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragana%20Mirkovi%C4%87 |
is a Japanese voice actress from Tokyo, Japan. She appears as a main cast member in a number of Japanese anime series including as: Yukino in Nagasarete Airantō, Nana in Angel Tales, Tomohane in Inukami, Akane Miura in Rocket Girls, and Tama Hieda in Shrine of the Morning Mist.
Filmography
Aishiteruze Baby as Namiko (ep 23)
Angel Tales as Inu no Nana (Dog)
Futakoi as Ruru Hinagiku
Futakoi Alternative as Ruru Hinagiku
Inukami! as Tomohane
Lucky Star as Yutaka Kobayakawa
Nagasarete Airantō as Yukino
Rocket Girls as Akane Miura
Shrine of the Morning Mist as Tama Hieda
Tenshi no Shippo Chu! as Dog Nana
Whistle! as Miyuki Sakurai
Sumomomo Momomo as Koganei Tenchi
Onegai My Melody as Harumi
Whispered Words as Kiyoka
Lilpri Manatsu Natsume
Live-action roles
Negima! Magister Negi Magi as Misora Kasuga
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
Voice actresses from Tokyo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shizuka%20Hasegawa |
Osmorhiza is a genus of perennial herbs, known generally as sweet cicely, sweetcicely, or sweetroot. Most species are native to North America, but some grow in South America and Asia. Some species are used for medicinal purposes, but have dangerous lookalikes. The fruits of this plant have barbs on the end allowing them to stick to clothing, fur, or feathers.
American Indians used the roots of sweet cicely as a panacea. It was used as a tonic for upset stomach and to ease childbirth. The root was poulticed on boils and wounds, and a root tea was used as an eye wash. Folk medicine list uses of the plant as an expectorant and as a tonic for coughs and for stomachaches.
Species
Osmorhiza aristata
Osmorhiza berteroi (Tapering sweetroot, mountain sweet cicely, mountain sweetroot)
Osmorhiza brachypoda (California sweet cicely)
Osmorhiza claytonii (Clayton's sweetroot, sweet cicely)
Osmorhiza depauperata (Bluntseed sweetroot)
Osmorhiza glabrata
Osmorhiza longistylis (American sweet cicely, sweet cicely, white cicely, longstyle sweetroot, aniseroot, licorice root, or wild anise)
Osmorhiza mexicana (Mexican sweet cicely)
Osmorhiza occidentalis (Western sweetroot)
Osmorhiza purpurea (Purple sweetroot)
References
External links
Osmorhiza USDA Plants Database
Edible Apiaceae
Apioideae genera
Herbs
Flora of Northern America
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmorhiza |
12 Super Exitos is a compilation of Selena's greatest hits released in 1994 by EMI Latin. It was the last album released before her murder on March 31, 1995. After its release, Selena began working on her crossover album which was set to be released in the summer of 1995.
Track listing
"Si Una Vez"
"La Llamada"
"No debes Jugar"
"Las Cadenas"
"Techno Cumbia"
"Tú Robaste Mi Corazón" (with Emilio Navaira)
"Bidi Bidi Bom Bom"
"No Quiero Saber"
"La Carcacha"
"Missing My Baby"
"Como La Flor"
"Qué Creías"
Charts
Certifications
References
1994 greatest hits albums
Selena compilation albums
Spanish-language compilation albums
EMI Records compilation albums
Albums produced by A.B. Quintanilla
Albums recorded at Q-Productions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12%20Super%20%C3%89xitos |
Ken Wright (born 11 April 1956 in Malabar, New South Wales) is an Australian former rugby footballer who played in the 1970s and 1980s.
Playing career
He started his football career in rugby union at the Randwick club in 1974. A pivotal moment in his representative career came in 1975 when, representing Sydney against the touring international team, he appeared to sidestep the entire opposition forward pack to score a try.
He was selected to represent Australia in 1975 and went on to play nine international tests. Wright's rugby union career lasted until the end of 1978 when, in 1979, he converted to rugby league and joined Eastern Suburbs and later South Sydney in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership competitions.
References
External links
Living people
Rugby league players from Sydney
Australian rugby league players
Australian rugby union players
Sydney Roosters players
South Sydney Rabbitohs players
1957 births
Australia international rugby union players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby union players from Sydney
Randwick DRUFC players
Rugby union fly-halves | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Wright%20%28rugby%29 |
The Demjanov rearrangement is the chemical reaction of primary amines with nitrous acid to give rearranged alcohols. It involves substitution by a hydroxyl group with a possible ring expansion. It is named after the Russian chemist Nikolai Jakovlevich Demjanov (Dem'anov, Demianov) (1861–1938).
Reaction mechanism
The reaction process begins with diazotization of the amine by nitrous acid. The diazonium group is a good leaving group, forming nitrogen gas when displaced from the organic structure. This displacement can occur via a rearrangement (path A), in which one of the sigma bonds adjacent to the diazo group migrates. This migration results in an expansion of the ring. The resulting carbocation is then attacked by a molecule of water. Alternately, the diazo group can be displaced directly by a molecule of water in an SN2 reaction (path B). Both routes lead to formation of an alcohol.
Uses
The Demjanov rearrangement is a method to produce a 1-carbon ring enlargement in four, five or six membered rings. The resulting five, six, and seven-membered rings can then be used in further synthetic reactions.
It has been shown that the Demjanov reaction is susceptible to regioselectivity. One example of this is a study conducted by D. Fattori looking at the regioselectivity of the Demjanov rearrangement in one-carbon enlargements of naked sugars. It showed that when an exo methylamine underwent Demjanov nitrous acid deamination, ring enlargement was not produced.
However, when the endo methylamine underwent the same conditions, a mixture of rearranged alcohols were produced.
Problems
This rearrangement also leads to a substituted, but not expanded, byproduct. Thus it can be difficult to isolate the two products and acquire the desired yield. Also, stereoisomers are produced depending on the direction of addition of the water molecule and other molecules may be produced depending on rearrangements.
Future uses
Current research is exploring the possibilities of various directing groups to influence the selectivity of products in the Demjanov rearrangement, such as tin or silicon.This may lead to increased success with the Demjanov, as it would allow more control in the reaction and increase the desired product yield. The rearrangement is incredibly useful, but using it can sometimes prove ineffective by the difficulty of creating the preferred product. Thus if directing groups are possible, this would greatly improve the applicability of the Demjanov.
Variations
Tiffeneau-Demjanov rearrangement
The Tiffeneau-Demjanov rearrangement (after Marc Tiffeneau and Nikolai Demjanov) is a variation of the Demjanov rearrangement, which involves both a ring expansion and the production of a ketone by using sodium nitrite and hydrogen cation. Using the Tiffeneau-Demjanov reaction is often advantageous as, while there are rearrangements possible in the products, the reactant always undergoes ring enlargement. As in the Demjanov rearrangement, products illustrate regioselectivity in the reaction. Migratory aptitudes of functional groups dictate rearrangement products.
Use of diazomethane
Diazomethane also produces ring enlargement, and its reaction is mechanistically similar to the Tiffeneau-Demjanov rearrangement.
See also
Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement
Tiffeneau–Demjanov rearrangement
References
(Review)
Rearrangement reactions
Name reactions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demjanov%20rearrangement |
The Dover Lane Music Conference is an annual Indian classical music festival held in the month of January at Nazrul Mancha, an outdoor auditorium in south Kolkata.
The Dover Lane Music Conference is an all night concert attended by visitors from all over the world. It typically showcases vocal recital, sitar, sarod, and violin music.
History
The festival derives its name from the fact that it originally took place at a location on Dover Lane courtesy the patronage of Late Sri Narendra Singh Singhi at his residence, Singhi Park.
See also
List of Indian classical music festivals
Swara Samrat festival
References
External links
Culture of Kolkata
Hindustani classical music festivals
Recurring events established in 1952
Music festivals established in 1952
Events in Kolkata | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dover%20Lane%20Music%20Conference |
Burmese English (also called Myanmar English) is the register of the English language used in Myanmar (Burma), spoken as first or second language by an estimated 2.4 million people, about 5% of the population (1997). The English language was initially introduced to the country during the British colonial period, spanning from 1824 until independence in 1948.
History
The British Empire annexed modern-day Myanmar in three stages over a six-decade span (1824–1885). It administered Myanmar as a province of British India until 1937, and as a separate colony until 1948. During the British colonial period, English was the medium of instruction in higher education, although it did not replace Burmese as the vernacular. English was the medium of instruction in universities and two types of secondary schools: English schools and Anglo-Vernacular schools (where English was taught as a second language). Burmese English resembles Indian English to a degree because of historical ties to India during British colonization.
On 1 June 1950, a new education policy was implemented to replace English as the medium of instruction in all state schools, although universities, which continued to use English as the medium of instruction, were unaffected. English was taught as a second language from the Fifth Standard. Until 1965, English was the language of instruction at Burmese universities.
In 1965, Burmese replaced English as the medium of instruction at the university level, with the passing of the New University Education Law the previous year. English language education was reintroduced in 1982. Currently, English is taught from Standard 0 (kindergarten), as a second language. Since 1991, in the 9th and 10th Standards, English and Burmese have both been used as the medium of instruction, particularly in science and math subjects, which use English-language textbooks. Because of this, many Burmese are better able to communicate in written English than in spoken English, due to the emphasis placed on writing and reading.
Characteristics
Orthography
The preferred system of spelling is based on that of the British, although American English spellings have become increasingly popular. Because Adoniram Judson, an American, created the first Burmese-English dictionary, many American English spellings are common (e.g. color, check, encyclopedia). The ⟨-ize⟩ spelling is more commonly used than the ⟨-ise⟩ spelling.
Vocabulary
Burmese English is often characterised by its unaspirated consonants, similar to Indian English. It also borrows words from standard English and uses them in a slightly different context. For instance, "pavement" (British English) or "sidewalk" (US English) is commonly called "platform" in Burmese English. "Stage show" is also preferred over "concert."
For units of measurement Burmese English use both those of the Imperial System and those of the International System of Units interchangeably, but the values correspond to the SI system. Burmese English continues to use Indian numerical units such as lakh and crore.
The Burmese language, especially the colloquial form, has borrowed daily vocabulary from English, especially as portmanteaus with native Burmese vocabulary. For instance, the Burmese word for 'ball' is bawlon (, ), while the Burmese word for bus is bat-sa-ka (, ).
Honorifics
Burmese names represented in English often include various honorifics, most commonly "U", "Daw", and "Sayadaw". For older Burmese who only have one or two syllables in their names these honorifics may be an integral part of the name.
Pronunciation
In Burmese English, the k, p, and t consonants are unaspirated (pronounced ), as a general rule, as in Indian English. The following are commonly seen pronunciation differences between Standard English and Burmese English:
In addition, many words retain British pronunciation, such as vitamin . Burmese English is non-rhotic.
References
Dialects of English
Languages of Myanmar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar%20English |
Sexmob (also styled Sex Mob) is an American jazz band based in New York City that formed as a Knitting Factory vehicle for Steven Bernstein to exercise his slide trumpet. Sexmob's sets feature a high proportion of covers, usually familiar pop songs, which are given a humorous but avant-garde treatment. Bernstein points out that this is a return to a fundamental jazz tradition to take a familiar song and then disassemble and reassemble it.
Discography
Din of Inequity (Knitting Factory, 1998)
Solid Sender (Knitting Factory, 2000)
Theatre & Dance (2000)
Sex Mob Does Bond (Ropeadope, 2001)
Dime Grind Palace (Ropeadope, 2003)
Sexotica (Thirsty Ear, 2006)
Sexmob meets Medeski Live in Willisau 2006 (Thirsty Ear, 2009)
Sexmob Plays Fellini: Cinema, Circus & Spaghetti, the Music of Nino Rota (2013)
Cultural Capital (2017)
References
External links
Steven Bernstein's Sexmob page
Avant-garde jazz ensembles
Thirsty Ear Recordings artists
Ropeadope Records artists
Knitting Factory Records artists
American jazz ensembles from New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexmob |
Baseball Night in America is an American television presentation of Major League Baseball (MLB) games produced by Fox Sports for the Fox network on Saturday or Thursday nights.
Fox's coverage includes 20 weeks worth of coverage as of 2023, with 16 Saturday windows and 4 Thursday windows. Coverage usually includes 2 to 4 separate games all starting at 7PM ET, with local affiliates airing the game of most interest to their audience.
History
While Fox has aired Fox Saturday Baseball games since 1996, Fox only began using the Baseball Night in America branding in 2012. In the inaugural season, the Baseball Night in America branding was used for games from May 26 to July 7.
Until 2021, Baseball Night in America aired every Saturday from the last week in May to the second week in July. Beginning with the 2019 season, late season Fox Saturday Baseball games moved from the afternoon to prime time. therefore a separate section of games was added for September. Some of these September games aired on Thursday night as Thursday Night Baseball.
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic delaying the 2020 season, Fox Saturday Baseball returned to airing some afternoon Saturday games on July 25, August 29 and September 5. Fox aired Saturday primetime games between July 25 and August 1, and between September 12 and September 26, as well as on August 15. Fox returned to their 2019 scheduling for the 2021 season.
For the 2022 season, Fox aired Baseball Night in America games every Saturday from May 28 to September 10, as well as on Saturday, October 1. Games aired on Thursday nights on September 15 and September 22. This is the result of Fox increasing the amount of games they air on broadcast television in their new television contract, as well as a side effect of the loss of Fox's Thursday night NFL games outside of local syndication.
For the 2023 season, Fox will air Baseball Night in America games every Saturday from May 6 to July 29, as well as on August 12, August 26, September 2 and September 30. Games will air on Thursday nights on August 3, August 17, September 14 and September 21. For the first time since 2020, Fox also aired afternoon Fox Saturday Baseball games on April 1, April 22, April 29 and June 24.
On air staff
Play-by-play commentators
Joe Davis (Lead)
Adam Amin
Jason Benetti
Kevin Kugler
Don Orsillo
Len Kasper
Kenny Albert
Alex Faust
Jeff Levering
Aaron Goldsmith
Color commentators
John Smoltz (Lead)
Eric Karros
A. J. Pierzynski
Tom Verducci
Mark Sweeney
Dontrelle Willis
Field reporters
Ken Rosenthal
Tom Verducci
Studio
Kevin Burkhardt (Host)
Chris Myers (Host)
Mike Hill (Host)
Jenny Taft (Host)
Eric Karros (Analyst)
Mark Sweeney (Analyst)
Dontrelle Willis (Analyst)
See also
Major League Baseball on Fox
Major League Baseball on FS1
Thursday Night Baseball
References
External links
2012 American television series debuts
2010s American television series
2020s American television series
Fox Broadcasting Company original programming
Fox Sports original programming
Sports telecast series
Major League Baseball on television | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseball%20Night%20in%20America |
is a Japanese voice actress from Tokyo, Japan. She was married since April 2014 and that she has given birth to a boy on January 1, 2016.
Filmography
Television animation
Angel Tales (TV) as Hamster no Kurumi
Rozen Maiden (TV) as Mrs. Rabbit (ep 3)
Tenshi no Shippo Chu! (TV) as Hamster Kurumi
The Idolmaster as Yayoi Takatsuki
Puchimas! Petit Idolmaster as Yayoi Takatsuki and Yayo
Dragon Crisis! as Misaki Etō
Video games
The Idolmaster series as Yayoi Takatsuki
Mugen Souls Z as Reu
Rainbow Islands: Putty's Party as Putty
Arcana Heart series as Lilica Felchenerow
References
External links
Official agency profile
1979 births
Living people
I'm Enterprise voice actors
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
Voice actresses from Tokyo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayako%20Nigo |
Bruno Tonioli (; born 25 November 1955) is a British-Italian television personality, choreographer and dancer. He has judged on the British television talent shows Strictly Come Dancing (2004–2019), DanceX (2007) and Britain's Got Talent (2023–present), and the American television talent shows Dancing with the Stars (2005–present) and Dance War: Bruno vs. Carrie Ann (2008).
Career
In 1980, as part of the group Duke and the Aces, Tonioli performed in but did not win the United Kingdom's competition to select an entry for the Eurovision Song Contest.
Tonioli has worked in the music business as a choreographer for music videos, stage shows, and tours for artists such as Tina Turner, Sting, Elton John, the Rolling Stones, Freddie Mercury, Sinitta, Boy George, Dead or Alive, Bananarama, and Duran Duran. He danced in the Elton John video for "I'm Still Standing" (1983).
Tonioli choreographed the band Arcadia's music video for their song "Election Day" as documented in a 1980s documentary entitled The Making of Election Day. He was the choreographer for Ella Enchanted Minnie Driver.
In November 2016, Tonioli lent his name to an album released by Decca entitled An Italian Romance – a compilation of Italian songs by various artists selected by Tonioli. The cover of the album was shot by John Mac.
In November 2018, Tonioli presented the BBC Radio 2 series Bruno Tonioli at the Opera.
In October 2022, Tonioli competed in the second series of The Masked Dancer as Pearly King. He was in third place.
In January 2023, it was announced that Tonioli would be joining the judging panel for Series 16 of the British talent show Britain's Got Talent, replacing David Walliams. Tonioli was the first to use the Golden Buzzer, doing so for Ugandan dance group Ghetto Kids. However, not knowing the rules of the show, he mistakenly pressed it during the performance instead of waiting till the end, as had been the case since the Golden Buzzer was introduced in 2014. Tonioli then went on to press it again in the sixth episode, this time for singer Gamal John. This had never been done in the show's history, as usually a Judge only gets one use of the Golden Buzzer. Nevertheless it still counted.
Strictly Come Dancing & Dancing with the Stars
In 2004, Tonioli was elected to be a Judge on the BBC's Strictly Come Dancing, along with Craig Revel Horwood, Arlene Phillips & Len Goodman. In 2005, he was then chosen to be a judge on Dancing with the Stars, where he has remained until present. As he was a judge on both Strictly Come Dancing and its American counterpart, Dancing with the Stars, for one week each during Series 16 and 17, he was replaced by guest judge Alfonso Ribeiro, due to a broadcasting conflict between the two shows.
Tonioli quickly became known for his commentary style, often getting out of his chair and physically describing a performance, whilst at the same time including colourful descriptives. As examples, during his time with the U.S. Dancing With the Stars, Tonioli called Cheetah Girl Sabrina Bryan "a little lynx on the prowl" and labelled singer and actor Billy Ray Cyrus "a crazy bear lost in a swamp".
The lowest score Tonioli has ever given a contestant was a '2' awarded only once on Dancing With the Stars, to Master P and his partner Ashly DelGrosso for their Paso Doble. This was due to Master P's lack of showmanship, and unwillingness to train and participate in the show. On Strictly Come Dancing, Tonioli has never awarded a '9' when every other Judge has awarded a '10', however on Dancing With the Stars this has happened on multiple occasions.
In 2020, due to COVID restrictions, Tonioli was stuck in the US and therefore did not appear on the judging panel at all during the series, but instead featured each week during the Judges' chat with Claudia via video call during the results show.
On 24 June 2021, it was announced that Anton Du Beke, the longest-running Strictly professional, would replace Tonioli as a permanent judge on Strictly Come Dancing for series 19. It was then announced on 19 May 2022 that Tonioli would not be returning to Strictly, and that Du Beke would take over permanently. Tonioli remarked on the matter:
In 2016, a surprise challenge saw Tonioli work with Jodie Sweetin and season 22 (U.S.) eventual-winner Nyle DiMarco and their professional partners. During the sequence, the two celebrities swapped partners, seeing DiMarco and Keo Motsepe dance the tango in ballroom hold, with both men shirtless, and Mostsepe lift and twirl DiMarco. This was the first time a same-sex pairing danced in any franchise of the show.
On Christmas Day 2022, in the Strictly Come Dancing Christmas Special, Tonioli surprised viewers by making a guest appearance, and singing "Don't Leave Me This Way" by The Communards. Reactions to the performance were mixed.
Controversies
Michael Bolton
A minor controversy arose following Tonioli's remarks to U.S. Dancing With the Stars contestant Michael Bolton and dance partner Chelsie Hightower on the 27 September 2010 after show, when the judge called Bolton's jive dance the worst he had seen in all 11 seasons, later awarding him a score of '3'. Bolton expressed his dissatisfaction prominently in the media afterward, stating:
This prompted ABC to release a statement firmly defending Tonioli:
Public image
In 2009, Rolling Stone magazine said that Tonioli had "won America's heart with his gay-Italian-maniac steez."
Personal life
Tonioli is fluent in five languages: Italian, English, Portuguese, Spanish, and French. He has lived in London since 1975.
Tonioli is gay and has spoken of the homophobic bullying he suffered in his youth.
Since 2010, Tonioli has been in a relationship with model Jason Schanne. In 2012, two years after the pair met, the couple had a commitment ceremony.
Filmography
Television
Film
References
External links
Judges' biography at BBC Strictly Come Dancing site
Biography at ABC Dancing with the Stars site
Dancing With The Stars: Is Michael Bolton Over-Reacting? at KRTH-FM
1955 births
Living people
Dance teachers
Italian gay men
Italian choreographers
Italian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Italian male dancers
Italian television personalities
Italian LGBT broadcasters
LGBT choreographers
Gay dancers
Italian LGBT dancers
People from Ferrara
21st-century Italian LGBT people
Judges in American reality television series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno%20Tonioli |
, also known as , is one of the leading characters in the ningyō jōruri and kabuki play Hiko-san Gongen chikai no sukedachi (彦山権現誓助劔) and in some other plays. The farmer turned samurai is known for his filial piety and incredible strength, and is viewed as an ideal samurai.
Plot
Written by Tsugano Kafū and Chikamtsu Yasuzō, the Hiko-san Gongen chikai no sukedachi was first performed as a ningyō jōruri play in 1786. It gained popularity and was adopted as a kabuki play in the next year. It was set in the Azuchi-Momoyama period, when Toyotomi Hideyoshi was about to reunify Japan:
Yoshioka Ichimisai, a sword instructor to the Kōri (Mōri) clan, is killed with a sneak attack by Kyōgoku Takumi. His widow Okō and daughters Osono and Okiku swear revenge on him. However, Okiku is killed by Kyōgoku Takumi and her young son Yasamatsu disappears.
Around the same time, Rokusuke goes into mourning for his late mother in a mountainous village named Keya (Keya-mura). He lives a quiet life in the countryside as a farmer although he is a skilled swordmaster. In fact he was a student of Yoshioka Ichimisai. His skill is so famous that the local ruler has proclaimed that anyone who defeats Rokusuke would be hired as a sword instructor. Rokusuke is visited by a rōnin who styles himself Mijin Danjō but is Kyōgoku Takumi in disguise. Holding an elderly woman on his back to raise sympathy, Mijin Danjō asks Rokusuke to help him become a swordmaster. Rokusuke accepts his request and deliberately loses a match.
On his return, Rokusuke finds Yasamatsu without knowing that he is the grandson of his late teacher. He hangs the boy's kimono outside his house hoping that his family will see it. He is visited by an elderly woman, and then by a woman disguised as a traveling priest. She sees the kimono and misidentifies Rokusuke as the enemy. He fends off her fierce attack, and then Yasamatsu identifies her as his aunt Osono. She suddenly becomes very feminine and claims to be his wife, which is a highlight of the play. Then the elderly woman reveals her identify as the swordmaster's widow. Later he is visited by a woodman who asks for a revenge for the killing of his mother. It turns out that the woman brought by Mijin Danjō was the woodman's mother, not Mijin Danjō's. Osono identifies Mijin Danjō as Kyōgoku Takumi, and Rokusuke decides to help their revenge.
Rokusuke is refused to make a match against Mijin Danjō because of his humble state. He becomes a retainer of Katō Kiyomasa after demonstrating his incredible power and skills by a series of sumō matches. He is given the name of Kida Magobee (貴田孫兵衛). Now as a samurai, he challenges Mijin Danjō to a match and successfully defeats him. The play ends with Katō Kiyomasa's departure to the Korean campaign.
Model
It is not clear how well this fiction reflects historical facts. A small village community named Keyamura is located in Tsukinoki, Yamakuni-machi, Nakatsu, Ōita Prefecture. There is a tomb of Kida Magobee (木田孫兵衛), which was built in the Meiji period. There is also an apparently old manuscript about Keyamura Rokusuke that contains the dates of copy of 1716 and 1902. According to the manuscript, Rokusuke was a son of a rōnin and his local wife. He joined Toyotomi Hideyoshi's Korean campaigns and distinguished himself as the unrivaled warrior. He returned to the village and died at the age of 62.
Kida Magobee himself was a real figure. He appeared as a retainer of Katō Kiyomasa in some contemporary sources. The Kiyomasa-ki, a not-so-faithful biography of Katō Kiyomasa written in the mid-17th century, claimed that Kida Magobee was killed in a battle with the Jurchens (Orankai) on the Manchurian border (in 1592). Japanologist Choi Gwan dismissed this claim. His name can be found in a letter written by Katō Kiyomasa about two months after his supposed death. One of the recipients was Kida Magobee himself. Until the end of the Edo period, the Kida family served to the Hosokawa clan, who replaced the Katō clan as the ruler of Kumamoto.
New myth in South Korea
In South Korea, Keyamura Rokusuke is known as the target of a successful suicide attack by a kisaeng (official prostitute) named Nongae. However, the identification of the victim as Keyamura Rokusuke can only be traced back to the mid-20th century.
The new myth is as follows:
There is no contemporary record of Nongae. Relatively early accounts did not name the victim of her suicide attack. Later, various manuscripts of the Imjillok, a semi-fictitious history book, identify him as Katō Kiyomasa or Toyotomi Hideyoshi, which is obviously wrong. No contemporary Korean sources suggest that the Koreans recognized the name of Kida Magobee or Keyamura Rokusuke, not to mention his association with the suicide attack.
Choi Gwan claimed that Bak Jonghwa (朴鍾和)'s Nongae and Gyewolhyang (1962) was the first to identify the victim as Keyamura Rokusuke. Kawamura Minato discovered a slightly earlier mention of the new myth: a Japanese novel named Keijō, Chinkai and Fuzan (1951) by Tamagawa Ichirō.
Notes
Fictional Japanese people
Male characters in literature
Samurai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyamura%20Rokusuke |
38 Special or 0.38 Special or .38 Special, may refer to:
.38 Special, a revolver cartridge
Music
38 Special (band), an American rock band
38 Special (album), the 1977 debut album of the band 38 Special
.38 Special (song), a 2022 song by American rapper the Game on the album Drillmatic – Heart vs. Mind
.38 Special (guitar), a Fender replica guitar by Tōkai Gakki
Other uses
".38 Special" (episode), a 1993 TV episode, the season 4 number 9 episode 73 of Blossom; see List of Blossom episodes
Train 38 Special, a train service at Padang Besar railway station
See also
"Special 38" (episode), an episode of the Japanese animated TV show Crayon Shin-chan
Special (disambiguation)
38 (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/38%20Special |
is a Japanese voice actor and member of Aoni Production. Suganuma wanted to be a voice actor when he watched Mobile Suit Victory Gundam. He was also part of the voice actor unit G.I.Zoku with Kisho Taniyama and Hideki Tasaka.
Filmography
Television animation
Angel Tales as Gorou Mutsumi
Beyblade G-Revolution as Eddie; Reporter C (ep 2)
Beyblade V-Force as Gordo
Beyblade as Eddy
Bleach as Wonderweiss Margela
Blue Gender as Joey Heald
Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo as Pilot (ep. 2) and Beep
DearS as No.2
Gintama as Kantarou Hashida
Haikyū!! as Noboru Akimiya
Inuyasha as Tsuyu's husband
Kikaider as Kuya / Kaito
Kuroshitsuji as Fred Abberline
La Corda d'Oro as Junnosuke Sasaki
Magical Canan as Natsuki
Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers as Sam Alexander/Nova
Midori Days as Arashi
Monster as Detective Jan Suk (ep 43+)
Naruto as Mizuki Touji (Young)
Natsume's Book of Friends as Atsushi Kitamoto
One Piece as Daruma; Lindbergh
SD Gundam Sangokuden Brave Battle Warriors as Kakuka Virsago
Shadow Star Narutaru as Bungo Takano
Sugar: A Little Snow Fairy as Wind Fairy (ep 16)
Tactical Roar as Hyousuke Nagimiya
Tenchi Muyo! GXP as Alien Comedians (ep 5); Kai Masaki; Operator A (ep 10); Ryoko's Crew A (ep 3); Ryoko's Operator (ep 11)
Tegami Bachi as Connor Kluff
Wind: A Breath of Heart as Makoto Okano
World Trigger (2014) as Shirō Kikuchihara
Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX as Prince Ojin
Original video animation (OVA)
Wind: A Breath of Heart as Makoto Okano
Film
Mobile Suit Gundam - The Movie Trilogy as Boy A (Special Edition)
Clockwork Island Adventure as Donny
Natsume's Book of Friends Movie as Atsushi Kitamoto
Drama CDs
Executive Boy (Kouki Shinomiya)
Subete wa Kono Yoru ni (Shiro Satomura)
Tsuki to Sabaku no Neru Yoru (Naoya Setou)
Wagamama Daiou ni Ki wo Tsukero (Umi Oosuga)
Video games
Airforce Delta Strike as Brian Douglas
Dynasty Warriors as Jiang Wei, Sun Quan
Inuyasha as Tsuyu's husband
Otometeki Koi Kakumei Love Revo!! as Souta Fukami
Puyo Puyo! 15th Anniversary as Suketoudara
Puyo Puyo 7 as Suketoudara
Rune Factory Frontier as Marco
Sakura Wars: So Long, My Love as Shinjiro Taiga
Tales of the World: Narikiri Dungeon 2 as Frio Sven
Yggdra Union as Cruz and Canaan
Rockman ZX Advent as Tethys
References
External links
菅沼久義オフィシャルサイト (Hisayoshi Suganuma Official Site)
1978 births
Japanese male voice actors
Living people
Male voice actors from Tokyo
Aoni Production voice actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisayoshi%20Suganuma |
Heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 also known as heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein or Hsc70 or Hsp73 is a heat shock protein that in humans is encoded by the HSPA8 gene on chromosome 11. As a member of the heat shock protein 70 family and a chaperone protein, it facilitates the proper folding of newly translated and misfolded proteins, as well as stabilize or degrade mutant proteins. Its functions contribute to biological processes including signal transduction, apoptosis, autophagy, protein homeostasis, and cell growth and differentiation. It has been associated with an extensive number of cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, cell senescence, and aging.
Structure
This gene encodes a 70kDa heat shock protein which is a member of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family. As a Hsp70 protein, it has a C-terminal protein substrate-binding domain and an N-terminal ATP-binding domain.
The substrate-binding domain consists of two subdomains, a two-layered β-sandwich subdomain (SBDβ) and an α-helical subdomain (SBDα), which are connected by the loop Lα,β. SBDβ contains the peptide binding pocket while SBDα serves as a lid to cover the substrate binding cleft. The ATP binding domain consists of four subdomains split into two lobes by a central ATP/ADP binding pocket. The two terminal domains are linked together by a conserved region referred to as loop LL,1, which is critical for allosteric regulation. The unstructured region at the very end of the C-terminal is believed to be the docking site for co-chaperones.
Function
The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family contains both heat-inducible and constitutively expressed members. The latter are called heat-shock cognate (Hsc) proteins. The heat shock 70 kDa protein 8 also known as Hsc70 belongs to the heat-shock cognate subgroup. This protein binds to nascent polypeptides to facilitate correct protein folding. In order to properly fold non-native proteins, Hsp70 chaperones interact with the hydrophobic peptide segments of proteins in an ATP-controlled fashion. Though the exact mechanism still remains unclear, there are at least two alternative modes of action: kinetic partitioning and local unfolding. In kinetic partitioning, Hsp70s repetitively bind and release substrates in cycles that maintain low concentrations of free substrate. This effectively prevents aggregation while allowing free molecules to fold to the native state. In local unfolding, the binding and release cycles induce localized unfolding in the substrate, which helps to overcome kinetic barriers for folding to the native state. Ultimately, its role in protein folding contributes to its function in signal transduction, apoptosis, protein homeostasis, and cell growth and differentiation. Hsc70 is known to localize to the cytoplasm and lysosome, where it participates in chaperone-mediated autophagy by aiding the unfolding and translocation of substrate proteins across the membrane into the lysosomal lumen. Through this pathway, Hsc70 also contributes to the degradation of the proapoptotic BBC3/PUMA under normal conditions, thus conferring cytoprotection.
Hsc70 additionally serves as a positive regulator of cell cycle transition and carcinogenesis. For example, Hsc70 regulates the nuclear accumulation of cyclin D1, which is a key player in G1 to S phase cell cycle transition.
Another function of Hsc70 is as an ATPase in the disassembly of clathrin-coated vesicles during transport of membrane components through the cell. It works with auxilin to remove clathrin from coated vesicles. In neurons, synaptojanin is also an important protein involved in vesicle uncoating. Hsc70 is a key component of chaperone-mediated autophagy wherein it imparts selectivity to the proteins being degraded by this lysosomal pathway.
Hsc70 vs Hsp70 comparison
Human Hsc70 has 85% identity with human Hsp70 (SDSC workbench, blosom26 default analysis). The scientific community has long assumed that Hsp70 and Hsc70 have similar cellular roles, but this assumption proved incomplete. While Hsc70 also performed chaperone functions under normal conditions, unlike canonical heat shock proteins, Hsc70 is constitutively expressed and performs functions related to normal cellular processes, such as protein ubiquitylation and degradation.
Clinical significance
The Hsp70 member proteins are important apoptotic constituents. During a normal embryologic processes, or during cell injury (such as ischemia-reperfusion injury during heart attacks and strokes) or during developments and processes in cancer, an apoptotic cell undergoes structural changes including cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and fragmentation of the DNA and nucleus. This is followed by fragmentation into apoptotic bodies that are quickly removed by phagocytes, thereby preventing an inflammatory response. It is a mode of cell death defined by characteristic morphological, biochemical and molecular changes. It was first described as a "shrinkage necrosis", and then this term was replaced by apoptosis to emphasize its role opposite mitosis in tissue kinetics. In later stages of apoptosis the entire cell becomes fragmented, forming a number of plasma membrane-bounded apoptotic bodies which contain nuclear and or cytoplasmic elements. The ultrastructural appearance of necrosis is quite different, the main features being mitochondrial swelling, plasma membrane breakdown and cellular disintegration. Apoptosis occurs in many physiological and pathological processes. It plays an important role during embryonal development as programmed cell death and accompanies a variety of normal involutional processes in which it serves as a mechanism to remove "unwanted" cells.
Hsp70 member proteins, including Hsp72, inhibit apoptosis by acting on the caspase-dependent pathway and against apoptosis-inducing agents such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), staurosporine, and doxorubicin. This role leads to its involvement in many pathological processes, such as oncogenesis, neurodegeneration, and senescence. In particular, overexpression of HSP72 has been linked to the development some cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancers, colon cancers, breast cancers, and lung cancers, which led to its use as a prognostic marker for these cancers. Elevated Hsp70 levels in tumor cells may increase malignancy and resistance to therapy by complexing, and hence, stabilizing, oncofetal proteins and products and transporting them into intracellular sites, thereby promoting tumor cell proliferation. As a result, tumor vaccine strategies for Hsp70s have been highly successful in animal models and progressed to clinical trials. One treatment, a Hsp72/AFP recombined vaccine, elicited robust protective immunity against AFP-expressing tumors in mice experiments. Therefore, the vaccine holds promise for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. Alternatively, overexpression of Hsp70 can mitigate damage from ischemia-reperfusion in cardiac muscle, as well damage from neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and spinocerebellar ataxias, and aging and cell senescence, as observed in centenarians subjected to heat shock challenge. In particular, Hsc70 plays a protective role in the aforementioned diseases, as well as in other neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Its protective role was further highlighted in a study that identified HSPA8 alongside other HSP70 proteins in a core sub-network of the wider chaperome interactome that functions as a proteostasis safeguard and that is repressed in aging brains and in the brains of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease patients.
Interactions
Hsc70 forms a chaperone complex by interacting with the heat shock protein of 40 kDa (Hsp40), the heat shock protein of 90 kDa (Hsp90), the hsc70-interacting protein (HIP), the hsc70-hsp90 organizing protein (HOP), and the Bcl2-associated athanogene 1 protein (BAG1).
HSPA8 has also been shown to interact with:
BBC Three,
BAG1,
BAG2,
BAG3,
BAG4,
CDC5L,
CITED1,
CCND1,
DNAJA3,
GJA1,
HSPBP1,
PARK2, and
STUB1.
References
Further reading
External links
PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein
Heat shock proteins
Molecular chaperones | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA8 |
Christiane Wilhelmine Sophie von Kühn (17 March 1782 – 19 March 1797) was the love interest and eventual fiancée of the German Romantic poet and philosopher Friedrich von Hardenberg, known simply as Novalis. Her image famously appears in Novalis’ Hymns to the Night, a foundational text of the literary movement known as German Romanticism.
Although Novalis's love for Sophie has assumed mythic proportions, their time together was short and uneventful. The two met on 17 November 1794 when Novalis was twenty-two and Sophie was only twelve. They became engaged on Sophie's thirteenth birthday 17 March 1795. Sophie became sick in November 1795, and her sickness continued until her death at the age of 15 in March 1797. The loss of Sophie brought about a deep period of mourning and suffering in Novalis' life. Even so, he became engaged to Julie von Charpentier in December 1798.
The depth of Sophie's love for Novalis is uncertain given her young age. Some of her diary entries, found in Wm. O’Brien's Novalis: Signs of Revolution, provide some insight into her relationship with Novalis:
1 March. Today Hartenberch visited again nothing happened.
11 March. We were alone today and nothing at all happened.
12 March. Today was like yesterday nothing at all happened.
13 March. Today was repentance day and Hartenb. was here.
14 March. Today Hartenber. was still here he got a letter from his brother.
Sophie had a sister, Caroline von Kühn, and a stepsister, Wilhelmine von Thümmel.
Ludwig Tieck's biography of Novalis describes Sophie, saying: "Even as a child, she gave an impression which--because it was so gracious and spiritually lovely--we must call superearthly or heavenly, while through this radiant and almost transparent countenance of hers we would be struck with the fear that it was too tender and delicately woven for this life, that it was death or immortality which looked at us so penetratingly from those shining eyes; and only too often a rapid withering motion turned our fear into an actual reality." von Kühn and Novalis' relationship is the focus of the 1995 novel The Blue Flower by Penelope Fitzgerald.
References
O’Brien, Wm. Arctander, Novalis: Signs of Revolution. Durham: Duke University Press, 1997.
Regula Fankhauser, Des Dichters Sophia, 1997.
1782 births
1797 deaths
18th-century German people
18th-century German women
18th-century deaths from tuberculosis
German untitled nobility
People from Thuringia
Tuberculosis deaths in the Holy Roman Empire
Novalis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie%20von%20K%C3%BChn |
Buffavento Castle (, ) is a castle in Northern Cyprus. The exact date of its construction remains unknown, the most plausible theory being the Byzantine period. It combines Byzantine and Frankish architectural elements. It fell into disuse in the 14th century.
History
Buffavento stands between St. Hilarion Castle to the west and Kantara Castle to the east forming a protective axis in the Kyrenia mountain range of Northern Cyprus. Buffavento guarded the mountain passage from Kythrea to the north coast in particular. As both of the other castles are visible from Buffavento, it was used to pass signals between them. The castles were built in conjunction during the Byzantine period, however the exact date of their commission remains unknown. Noting the middle Byzantine (11th-12th century) architectural features present in the castle and the otherwise scarcity of archaeological evidence, D.M. Metcalf writes that "it is reasonable" to suggest that the castle was built with the St. Hilarion Castle as part of a major programme of works in the wake of the Seljuk advance in the late 11th century. Among the other theories put forward to explain their origin the popular are: In 965 (after the expulsion of the Arabs from the island), in 1091 by the rebel Rapsomates, during the rule of Eumathios Philokales (1091–1094), at the beginning of the 12th century as a countermeasure for the spread of the Crusader states. A Lusignan period legend claims that the castle was built by a Cypriot noblewoman who was seeking shelter from the Knights Templar in 1191, as such the castle was known as Leonne (Lion's Castle) or Queen's Castle. The name Buffavento is of Italian origin and means “Defier of the Winds", the name may have been borrowed from a monastery in the Koutzoventi village.
Serving mainly as a watchtower for pirate raids and a place of incarceration the castle saw next to no fighting. In 1191, it was taken by Richard the Lionheart during his campaign against the island's ruler Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus. Since the castle's defenses have been described as very strong it is believed that the defenders of Buffavento surrendered after Kantara and St. Hilarion fell into English hands. Richard subsequently sold the island to the Knights Templar whose rule abruptly ended after a major revolt in Nicosia. Cyprus was thus resold to the Guy of Lusignan of the House of Lusignan. A period of peace ended with the death of Hugh I of Cyprus in 1218. A struggle over who should act as the kingdom's regent ensued, pitting the House of Ibelin with the local supporters of Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor. Frederick's arrival in Limassol in 1228 escalated the conflict into an open war. Between 1229 and 1233, it changed hands several times between the Ibelins and their rivals. Afterwards, the Lusignans continued their reign interrupted only by occasional palace coups. The castle was used as a prison in this period. For instance, it was documented that in 1308, a knight named Anseau of Brie was imprisoned at the Buffavento Castle when he heard of the accusations levelled against the Knights Templar in their trial.
In the 14th century, the island came under the control of the Republic of Venice, at which time the castle fell into disuse.
Architecture
Buffavento is situated on an elevation of above sea level, and has approximately 600 steps leading up to it. The steep crags surrounding it make it inaccessible from west, east and north. Many of the castle's buildings are irregular in shape, as the limited available space forced its builders to economize space. The main building material was dressed limestone from the island's coasts and stones taken directly from the mountain on which the castle stands. The architecture carries no signs of decoration. The castle is divided into two wards the upper one facing the sea and the lower one the plain. The wards were connected by a long staircase, which was later destroyed by the Venetians who deemed the fortifications redundant.
The castle's outbuildings consist of a big water cistern and a stable, which would have been rendered useless in the event of a siege. The castle's gates were located inside a two storey rectangular tower, which encompassed a Frankish style pointed arch. To the west of the tower there are three barrel vaulted buildings and recess all Frankish in origin. The buildings immediately behind the gate are three irregularly shaped chambers, the fourth building's ruins can be found nearby. The castle's main stairway then branches to the west leading to a two storey, unvaulted Byzantine building, which is divided into three large chambers. The castle's upper ward included a rectangular Byzantine cistern, interconnected with 4 rectangular wards containing pipes for collecting water. On upper ward's eastern side was guarded by a short, Frankish, groin vaulted tower. On its sides was the eastern cistern and a building that may have served as a church. At the extreme west of the castle stands a ruined, isolated tower. The lack of a kitchen or a food storage, points to the fact that rooms were multi functional in their nature.
Popular culture
Buffavento Castle appears in the video game Assassin's Creed: Bloodlines.
Gallery
Footnotes
References
Castles in Northern Cyprus
Byzantine forts
Crusader castles
Tourist attractions in Northern Cyprus
Byzantine sites in Cyprus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffavento%20Castle |
Otis Spofford is a 1953 children's novel by Beverly Cleary.
The story revolves around the antics of the title character, a precocious fourth-grader with a knack for getting into trouble. Otis lives with his mother, who is often absent from the household due to teaching classes at her dance school, and therefore Otis is required to entertain himself, by "stirring up a little excitement". His trademarks are his glow-in-the-dark shoelaces (one pink, one green), the rabbit's foot he keeps attached to his jacket zipper, and his particular fondness for irritating his classmate Ellen Tebbits although he never understands the reason for it.
Plot summary
Otis Spofford is a young boy with a propensity for causing trouble. He is an only child and he lives with his mother. One of the reasons why Otis likes to cause trouble is because he yearns to make life more exciting. Unfortunately, his behavior means that he does not have any close friends and his classmates are reluctant to form close bonds with him. The book is also about how Otis torments his classmate, Ellen Tebbits. He annoys her because she performs well in school and exhibits excellent behavior. Thus, Ellen is often the victim of Otis's bad behavior.
Each chapter revolves around a prank from Otis, which often backfires. In one instance, he sabotages the class's science project, which consists of feeding cafeteria food to one rat and bread and soda to another, and monitoring their growth. Otis feeds the underfed rat himself, hoping that it will get soda pop served in the cafeteria. His teacher, Mrs. Gitler, becomes wise to this and tries to get the culprit to confess. Otis opens his mouth and is stunned when Ellen steps forward. Ellen was secretly feeding the rat as well. Subsequently, Ellen is allowed to take the rat home at the experiment's end, much to Otis's displeasure (although she gives it to him when her mother will not allow her to keep it).
Otis's pranks are typically innocuous, such as firing spitballs in class. Near the end of the book he finally "gets his comeuppance," as Mrs. Gitler has long predicted. In order to impress his classmates on a dare, he cuts off a chunk of Ellen's hair, which she had been painstakingly trying to grow "long enough for pigtails". This act turns nearly the entire class against him, and for the first time, Otis does not relish the attention he receives from his actions. Otis eventually feels terrible about what he did to Ellen when she bursts into tears and flees the classroom.
Ellen and her best friend Austine manage an act of retribution by stealing Otis's shoes while he is skating at the pond, forcing him to walk home in his ice skates. The two girls later accost a dejected Otis on the steps of his apartment and offer him his shoes in exchange for an apology to Ellen, and a promise that he will stop pestering her. Otis concedes, but only after the girls are leaving reveals he had two fingers crossed behind his back the entire time.
Critical reception
The book was described by Karen MacPherson of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette in 2001 as one of Cleary's best but most overlooked books. On Goodreads, the book had a rating of 3.87/5.00 from around 135 reader reviews .
References
Novels by Beverly Cleary
1953 American novels
Novels set in Portland, Oregon
William Morrow and Company books
Novels set in elementary and primary schools
1953 children's books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otis%20Spofford |
Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Surajpur District, Chhattisgarh, India. It is named after the Tamor Hill and Pingla Nalla, the old and prominent features of the area. In 2021, National Tiger Conservation Authority has approved the Chhattisgarh government's proposal to declare the combined areas of the Guru Ghasidas National Park and Tamor Pingla Wildlife Sanctuary as a Tiger Reserve.
Geography and history
The northern boundary is the Moran river, eastern boundary is Bonga Nalla, and western boundary is Rihand River. This was notified as Wildlife Sanctuary in 1978. In 2011, it was notified by Chhattisgarh's Government as a part of Surguja Jashpur Elephant Reserve. There are seven revenue villages within this sanctuary, namely Khond, Injani, Archoka, Durgain, Kesar, Chattauli and Dhaulpur. Except for Khond, these villages are very small, with less than 20 households. The Tamor Hills, having an area of 250 km2, is a table land rising sharply from the neighboring villages of Tamki, Ghui and Barpetia.
Flora
The area, which is under Tamor, Khond and Pingla Ranges of the Surguja Jashpur Elephant Reserve Forest Division, consists of sal and bamboo forests.
Fauna
Spread over , the sanctuary supports Asian elephant, Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, bears, sambar, nilgai, chital, bison, chousingha, chinkara, muntjac, boar, dhole, wolf, jackal, hyena, hare, cobras, pythons, red jungle fowl, gray jungle fowl and green pigeon.
Access
November to June is ideal to visit the sanctuary. The sanctuary is about north of Surajpur. Surajpur Railway Station is the nearest railhead. A forest guest house is available at Ramkola.
See also
Sanjay-Dubri Tiger Reserve
Surguja State
Notes
Wildlife sanctuaries in Chhattisgarh
Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests
1978 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
Protected areas established in 1978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamor%20Pingla%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary |
My Favorite are an indie pop band formed in Long Island, New York in 1991, later of Brooklyn and Queens. After releasing two full-length albums, the original band split in 2005, but reformed in 2014.
Formation and original era
My Favorite formed on Long Island in 1991, and eventually migrated to the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens. The "classic" lineup consisted of founder and principal songwriter Michael Grace Jr., vocalist Andrea Vaughn, guitarist Darren Amadio, bassist Gil Abad and drummer Todd "Todbot" Karasik. An even earlier incarnation featured Amadio on bass and current Roots member Captain Kirk Douglas on guitar (two tracks featuring Douglas were included on the 2014 reissue/compilation Love at Absolute Zero/Death in Suburbia).
Their main influences included the Smiths, David Bowie, New Order and various singles from influential labels like Factory, Rough Trade, Cherry Red and Sarah. In negotiating these influences and impulses, they were contemporaries of Magnetic Fields and Belle and Sebastian, two bands they performed alongside in New York.
The band released two full-length albums (Love at Absolute Zero and The Happiest Days of Our Lives: The Complete Joan of Arc Tapes), and several EPs and limited-edition, vinyl-only singles. They also made two music videos.
Late in their original career, My Favorite found popularity in Sweden, where they were the focus of a feature on that country's national Sveriges Radio. They performed at three influential festivals and had many smaller, but enthusiastically received performances in cities like Gothenburg and Stockholm.
Reception
My Favorite were frequently discussed in the indie music press of the time in the context of new wave retroism, but were more accurately thought of in the tradition of romantic, lyric-driven post-rock and roll melancholia, strands of which originated with artists like the Velvet Underground and certain glam rock artists before reaching their apex in the post-punk period. They were featured in the Village Voice, New York Post, Daily News and Alternative Press, and were interviewed on indie programs such as New York Noise.
Breakup
My Favorite broke up on September 14, 2005, when Vaughn left the band.
Other projects
In 2006, the remaining five members of My Favorite joined forces with vocalists Lisa Ronson (daughter of David Bowie guitarist Mick Ronson) and Erin Dermody to form a new band called the Secret History.
Karasik also played for New York post-punk band Bell Hollow from 2006 until their 2008 split, and appeared on their 2007 album Foxgloves (which also featured My Favorite singer Vaughn on backing vocals).
Vaughn recorded vocals for the French band Bagatelle's debut EP, Rendez-Vous Transatlantique, which was released in 2013 by La Nageuse Records.
In 2014, Vaughn, Amadio and Karasik reunited to form the Chandler Estate with long-time friends and collaborators Tara Emelye Needham (Mad Planets, the Reverse) and Bryce Edwards (Boycrazy). In 2015, they played their first show at the NYC Popfest and released four-song EP Infrastructure on Jigsaw Records.
Reformation
In 2014, Grace reassembled My Favorite (minus Vaughn) to perform at the NYC Popfest. On October 7, 2014, they released their first new single in 10 years, "Second Empire"/"Dance With a Stranger", on London's Where It's At Is Where You Are label. The current incarnation, relying more heavily on drum machines and sequencers, includes Grace, Abad and Brondo, with Jaime Babic and Joseph Babic replacing Vaughn and Amadio, respectively. In 2022 they released the new EP "Tender Is The Nightshift: Part 1", the first three-part series.
Discography
Studio albums
Love at Absolute Zero CD (1999, Double Agent)
The Happiest Days of Our Lives: The Complete Joan of Arc Tapes 2CD (2003, Double Agent)
Singles and EPs
Brighton Riot cassette EP (1992, self-released)
The Last New Wave Record 7-inch EP (1994, Swing Set Records)
"Working Class Jacket" split 7-inch single with Mad Planets (1995, Harriet Records)
The Informers & Us 7-inch EP (1995, Harriet)
"Modulate" split 7-inch single with Boyracer (1996, A Turntable Friend)
Joan of Arc Awaiting Trial CD EP (2000, Double Agent)
A Cult of One CD EP (2001, Double Agent)
The Kids Are All Wrong CD EP (2002, Double Agent)
"The Happiest Days of My Life" CD single (2005, Hungry Audio)
Intercontinental Pop Exchange No. 7 split CD EP with Entre Rios (2005, Endearing Records)
"Second Empire"/"Dance With a Stranger" 7-inch single (2014, Where It's At Is Where You Are)
"Christine Zero" 7-inch single (2016, Death Party Records)
Tender Is the Nightshift: Part 1 12-inch EP (2022, Happy Happy Birthday to Me records, Where It's At Is Where You Are)
Compilation albums
My Favorite promo CD (2004, Media Creature Music)
Love at Absolute Zero/The Happiest Days of Our Lives LP (2014, Cloudberry Records/La Kalsa)
References
External links
Band Homepage
Double Agent Records
An Interview with My Favorite's Michael Grace, Jr. (2004)
American pop music groups
Musical groups from Long Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Favorite |
The Rydberg–Ritz combination principle is an empirical rule proposed by Walther Ritz in 1908 to describe the relationship of the spectral lines for all atoms, as a generalization of an earlier rule by Johannes Rydberg for the hydrogen atom and the alkali metals. The principle states that the spectral lines of any element include frequencies that are either the sum or the difference of the frequencies of two other lines. Lines of the spectra of elements could be predicted from existing lines. Since the frequency of light is proportional to the wavenumber or reciprocal wavelength, the principle can also be expressed in terms of wavenumbers which are the sum or difference of wavenumbers of two other lines.
Another related version is that the wavenumber or reciprocal wavelength of each spectral line can be written as the difference of two terms. The simplest example is the hydrogen atom, described by the Rydberg formula
where is the wavelength, is the Rydberg constant, and and are positive integers such that . This is the difference of two terms of form .
The exact Ritz Combination formula was mathematically derived from this where:
Where:
is the wavenumber,
is the limit of the series,
is a universal constant, (now known as R)
is the numeral, (now known as n)
and are constants.
Relation to quantum theory
The combination principle is explained using quantum theory. Light consists of photons whose energy E is proportional to the frequency and wavenumber of the light: (where h is the Planck constant, c is the speed of light, and is the wavelength. A combination of frequencies or wavenumbers is then equivalent to a combination of energies.
According to the quantum theory of the hydrogen atom proposed by Niels Bohr in 1913, an atom can have only certain energy levels. Absorption or emission of a particle of light or photon corresponds to a transition between two possible energy levels, and the photon energy equals the difference between their two energies. On dividing by hc, the photon wavenumber equals the difference between two terms, each equal to an energy divided by hc or an energy in wavenumber units (cm–1). Energy levels of atoms and molecules are today described by term symbols which indicate their quantum numbers.
Also, a transition from an initial to a final energy level involves the same energy change whether it occurs in a single step or in two steps via an intermediate state. The energy of transition in a single step is the sum of the energies of transition in two steps: .
The NIST database tables of lines of spectra contains observed lines and the lines calculated by use of the Ritz combination principle.
History
The spectral lines of hydrogen had been analyzed and found to have a mathematical relationship in the Balmer series. This was later extended to a general formula called the Rydberg formula. This could only be applied to hydrogen-like atoms. In 1908 Ritz derived a relationship that could be applied to all atoms which he calculated prior to the first 1913 quantum atom and his ideas are based on classical mechanics. This principle, the Rydberg–Ritz combination principle, is used today in identifying the transition lines of atoms.
References
External links
Emission spectroscopy
Old quantum theory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydberg%E2%80%93Ritz%20combination%20principle |
Kulina (also Kulína, Kulyna, Culina, Curina, Corina, Korina, Culina-Madijá, Madijá, Madija, Madiha, Madihá) is an Arawan language of Brazil and Peru spoken by about 4,000 Kulina people. With such few speakers, Kulina is considered a threatened language. Kulina is similar to the Deni language, as they have even been considered different dialects of the same language. Both languages have SOV word order, as well as three sets of alveolar affricate consonants. It is believed the presence of the reconstructed phoneme *s in place of the fricative *sh is indicative of the Kulina and Deni languages as opposed to other languages in the Arawan family.
History and Geography
The Kulina people traditionally live in the states of Acre and Amazonas in Brazil and the Ucayali region in Peru. In Acre and Ucayali, the villages are found along the Purus and Envira rivers. In Amazonas, the villages are around the Juruá, Tarauacá and Jutaí rivers.
Classification
Kulina is a member of the Arawan language family. According to Dienst (2014), it forms a Madihá dialect continuum with Western Jamamadi and Deni. The term madihá means 'people' in all of these languages.
Grammar
The basic constituent order is subject–object–verb. It is predominantly a head-marking language with agglutinative morphology and some fusion. Kulina is a head-final language and contains many more suffixes than prefixes. There are two noun classes and two genders and agreement on transitive verbs is determined by a number of complex factors, both syntactic and pragmatic. In transitive sentences, the verb agree with the object in gender and with the subject in person and number. In intransitive sentences, the verb agrees with its subject in person, number and gender.
Phonology
Consonants
Consonants sounds /pʰ, t̪, d͡z, t͡s, t͡sʰ, ɾ, β~w/ may also be pronounced as /ɸ~f, t͡ʃ, z~ɟ, s, sʰ~ʃ, l, v/.
Vowels
An [a] sound can also range to a sound. The [u] vowel sound only appears in diphthongs.
Bibliography
Boyer, Cindy & Jim Boyer. 2000. Dictionario: (sic) Culina - Castellano. Unpublished Manuscript.
Dienst, Stefan. 2014. A Grammar of Kulina. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
Dienst, Stefan. 2009. "Stative Verbs in Kulina". ReVel Revista Virtual de Estudos de Lingaugem.
Diesnt, Stefan. 2008a. "Portuguese Influence on Kulina". In Thomas Stolz, Dik Bakker & Rosa Salas Palomo (eds.) Aspects of language contact. New theoretical, methodological and empirical findings with special focus on Romancisation processes, 287-297. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Dienst, Stefan. 2008b. "Why Kulina doesn't have an antipassive". Amerindia 32: 27-36.
Dienst, Stefan. 2005. "The innovation of s in Kulina and Deni". Anthropological Linguistics 52: 209-243.
Monserrat, Ruth Maria Fonini & Abel O. Silva. 1986. Gramática da língua Kulina. Dialeto do Igarapé do Anjo. Acre: Conselho Indigenista Missionário.
Silva, Abel O. & Ruth M. F. Monserrat.1984. Dicionário Kulina – Português e Português – Kulina. (Dialeto do Igarapé do Anjo). Acre: Conselho Indigenista Missionário.
Tiss, Frank. 2004. Gramática da língua Madiha (Kulina). São Leopoldo: Oikos.
Wright, Pamela Sue. 1991. La hipótesis del inacusativo y los verbos mádija (culina). Revista Latino-americana de Estudios Ethnolingüísticos 6: 49-62.
Wright, Pamela Sue. Madija predicates. Working Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota 39: 93-140.
References
Arawan languages
Indigenous languages of Western Amazonia
Languages of Peru
Endangered Arawan languages
Subject–object–verb languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulina%20language |
Nikolay Yakovlevich Demyanov (; , Tver – March 19, 1938, Moscow), also known as Demjanov and Demjanow, was a Russian organic chemist and a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929). He is internationally known for the Demjanov rearrangement organic reaction and other discoveries.
He was a recipient of the Lenin Prize in 1930.
Bibliography
External links
Academician Nikolay Yakovlevich Demyanov
1861 births
1938 deaths
Chemists from the Russian Empire
Soviet chemists
Inventors from the Russian Empire
People from Tver
Corresponding Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1925)
Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Imperial Moscow University alumni
Russian scientists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay%20Demyanov |
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