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Maryland Route 454 (MD 454) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known for most of its length as Crown Stone Road, the state highway runs from the Delaware state line in Marydel, where the highway continues east as Delaware Route 8 (DE 8), north to MD 302 in Templeville. MD 454 was built in the late 1910s. The state highway originally ended in Marydel at MD 311, which crossed the state line. MD 454 replaced MD 311 along the stretch to the state line around 1946 and bypassed Marydel by 1956.
Route description
MD 454 begins at the Delaware state line in the town of Marydel in Caroline County, adjacent to a five-mile (8 km) Mason–Dixon marker that gives the highway its name. The highway continues east as DE 8 (Halltown Road) toward Dover. The state highway, known as Halltown Road, heads northwest as a two-lane undivided road. The route immediately encounters the eastern end of MD 821 (Main Street) and crosses an unused railroad grade owned by the Maryland Department of Transportation. MD 454 meets the northern terminus of MD 311 (Halltown Road), where the name changes to Crown Stone Road, before leaving Marydel and collecting the other end of MD 821. The state highway turns north through farmland before entering the town of Templeville and terminating at MD 302 (Barclay Road), which forms the border between Caroline County and Queen Anne's County.
History
MD 454 was paved as a state-aid road from Marydel to Templeville between 1915 and 1921. The state highway originally had its southern terminus in Marydel at MD 311. It was MD 311 that continued to the state line until 1946. MD 454 was moved off of Main Street and onto a new alignment through Marydel by 1956.
Junction list
See also
References
External links
MDRoads: MD 454
MD 454 at AARoads.com
454
Maryland Route 454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland%20Route%20454 |
Petersfield Museum and Art Gallery is a local museum in the small town of Petersfield in Hampshire, England. Petersfield Museum Limited is a registered charity.
Location
The museum is now located in the Old Police Station on St Peter's Road, Petersfield and encompasses the former 'justice site' including the Old Magistrates Courthouse, police stables and cart house.
History
The museum was formed by a group of local historians, 'The Petersfield Area Historical Society'. Over the years, objects and archive material were collected, later formally transferred to the museum, and now form the extensive collections. The museum has been open since 1999 and holds materials that relates to the town of Petersfield and the surrounding villages. It began moving to Petersfield's old police station in 2016.
Between 2017 and 2021 the museum underwent a £4 Million rebuild.
Collections
The museum holds photographs, archives, oral history and maps relating to the town and surrounding area. A timeline feature takes the visitor through the history of the town alongside some temporary cases which change over annually.
Justice
Part of the former police station next door was added to the museum in 2016 to display a Victorian justice heritage exhibit.
Bedales Historic Dress Collection
In 2007, the Bedales Historic Costume Collection was donated to the museum. This collection is made up of about 1000 pieces including ladies, gents and children's clothing and accessories dating from 1720.
The Flora Twort Collection
Flora Twort was an English artist who specialised in watercolours and pastels of the scenes and people of Petersfield. Her paintings were exhibited at the Royal Academy. She died in 1985 leaving her cottage, studio and examples of her work to Hampshire County Council. It was run as a museum and restaurant by HCC until 2008. In 2009, the Flora Twort Gallery and its collections were transferred to the Petersfield Museum Trust. This collection consists off paintings, sketches and archives relating to her life. It includes vibrant, vivacious paintings of Petersfield Market and the Taro Fair of the 1920s and 1930s.
Edward Thomas
Edward Thomas, the renowned poet, writer, essayist and literary critic lived locally to Petersfield in the village of Steep. It was from here he first started writing his poetry in December 1914 at the age of 36 and over the next two-and a-half -years wrote all his 144 poems. Inspired by the landscapes around him, much of his poetry reflected his love of nature and the impact the War was having on life in England. Two of his greatest friends were the English poet and writer Gordon Bottomley and the American poet Robert Frost. Edward Thomas's most well known poem is probably Adlestrop. Although being over-age he enlisted into the Artists Rifles in July 1915, transferred to the Royal Garrison Artillery in October 1916 and was killed on active service at the first Battle of Arras on 9 April 1917. Petersfield Museum, together with the Edward Thomas Fellowship, has created the only Edward Thomas Study Centre in England, which is under-pinned by what is possibly the most important private collection of books by and about Edward Thomas in the country. This collection was the property of the late Tim Wilton-Steer and donated to the Edward Thomas Fellowship by his family.
The Don Eades Collection
In 2016, Don Eades - a photographer from Buriton - gave his life's work to Petersfield Museum and Art Gallery. The collection pulls daily life from the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s into focus, from Petersfield's first supermarket to village sports, cycling proficiency and a futuristic factory.
The Social History Collection
The social history collection illustrates the social, economic and cultural history of Petersfield and the surrounding villages. The object collection includes locally made products such as Minibrix from the local Itshide rubber factory, signs from local pubs and shops as well as tools and objects used in the home. Among the highlights are a penny farthing made on the Isle of Wight and the Coat of Arms from the former magistrates court.
References
External links
Petersfield Museum and the Flora Twort Gallery
Entry in the 24 Hour Museum
Museums established in 1999
Petersfield
History of Hampshire
Museums in Hampshire
Local museums in Hampshire
1999 establishments in England
Art museums and galleries in Hampshire
Biographical museums in Hampshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersfield%20Museum |
EEP or Eep may refer to:
Early Entrance Program (CSU), of the California State University
Early Entrance Program, of the University of Washington; see Transition School and Early Entrance Program
Education Equality Project, an American educational organization
Eep, a fictional character in the movie The Croods, its sequel and a TV series
"Eep, Opp, Ork, Ah-ah!", a song in the U.S. TV series The Jetsons
Ethiopian Electric Power
European Endangered Species Programme
European Environmental Press
Export Enhancement Program, of the United States Department of Agriculture
Extraspinal ependymoma, a type of ependymoma tumor
UK Educational Evidence Portal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EEP |
John Cromwell Bell Jr. (October 25, 1892 – March 18, 1974) was an American lawyer, politician, and judge. He was the 18th lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania (1943–1947) before becoming the 33rd and shortest-serving governor of Pennsylvania, serving for nineteen days in 1947. He was later a justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court (1950–1972), serving as Chief Justice from 1961 to 1972.
Early life and education
John Bell was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to John Cromwell Bell and Fleurette deBenneville (Myers) Bell. His father served as District Attorney of Philadelphia (1903–1907) and Attorney General of Pennsylvania (1911–1915). His maternal grandfather was Leonard Myers, who served as a U.S. Representative from 1863 to 1875. He was the older brother of Bert Bell, who was commissioner of the National Football League (1946–1959).
After graduating from the Episcopal Academy in 1910, Bell received a Bachelor of Arts degree (1914) and a Bachelor of Laws degree (1917) from the University of Pennsylvania. He played on the varsity soccer and tennis teams during college. At Penn, he was a member of Saint Anthony Hall. He was admitted to the bar in 1917 and commenced private practice, eventually becoming a senior partner of the law firm Bell, Murdoch, Paxson and Dilworth. In 1918, he married Sarah Andrews Baker; the couple had three sons and two daughters.
Political career
In 1919, Bell was appointed assistant city solicitor of Philadelphia, a position he held for three years. He then served as assistant district attorney of Philadelphia from 1922 to 1925. He later earned a reputation as a strong opponent of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal policies, publishing such booklets as Can We Think and Dare We Speak (1934), What Do You Know About the New Deal? (1935), and New Deal Fairy Tales (1936). He was finance chairman for Arthur H. James in the 1938 gubernatorial election, and later served as vice-chairman of the Republican State Finance Committee. From 1939 to 1942, he was Pennsylvania Secretary of Banking under Governor James.
In 1942, Bell was elected Lieutenant Governor of Pennsylvania after defeating Democrat Elmer Kilroy, the Speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, by more than 235,000 votes. When Governor Edward Martin resigned to take a seat in the United States Senate in 1947, Bell automatically succeeded him as governor. He served from January 2 to 21, 1947, when James Duff, who had been elected in 1946 gubernatorial election, took the oath of office. His nineteen-day tenure remains the shortest of any Pennsylvania Governor.
Later career
Appointed by Governor Duff, Bell became a justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 1951. He later served as Chief Justice from August 1961 until his retirement in January 1972. During his tenure, he maintained conservative views and often dissented if he felt court decisions were too liberal. He supported having judges nominated by a panel of lawyers and appointed by the governor instead of the current process of being elected by the public. He resigned from the Philadelphia Bar Association in 1965 in protest of their policies, and ordered an investigation of the Allegheny County Common Pleas Court in 1966 for irregularities. After retiring from the court, Bell lived in Wynnewood and served as a special assistant to the local district attorney.
He died on March 18, 1974 at age 81, and is buried at St. Asaph Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd.
References
External links
1892 births
1974 deaths
Republican Party governors of Pennsylvania
Lieutenant Governors of Pennsylvania
Chief Justices of Pennsylvania
Justices of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Politicians from Philadelphia
Central High School (Philadelphia) alumni
University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni
Episcopal Academy alumni
20th-century American judges
20th-century American Episcopalians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20C.%20Bell%20Jr. |
Wesenberg may refer to:
The German name for Rakvere, a town in Estonia
Wesenberg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, part of the Amt Mecklenburgische Kleinseenplatte, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany
Wesenberg, Schleswig-Holstein, part of the Amt Nordstormarn, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesenberg |
Savur (; ; ) is a municipality and district of Mardin Province, Turkey. Its area is 962 km2, and its population is 24,821 (2022).
Demographics
According to the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, 1,032 lived in Savur on the eve of World War I. They had one church and two schools. They were massacred during the Armenian genocide. The Agha Petros mentions a Syriac population of 200.
Today, the town is populated by Arabs, Assyrians and Kurds.
Politics
In the local elections of March 2019, Gülistan Öncü of the pro-minority HDP was elected mayor. On 15 November 2019, she was detained due to an investigation related to terrorism. She was dismissed the following day, and District Governor Bayram Türker was appointed as a trustee.
Composition
There are 41 neighbourhoods in Savur District:
Akyürek ()
Armutalan ()
Bağyaka ()
Başağaç ()
Başkavak ()
Bengisu
Çınarönü ()
Dereiçi ()
Durusu ()
Evkuran ()
Gölbaşı
Harmantepe ()
Hisarkaya ()
İçören
İşgören ()
Kaplan
Karaköy ()
Kayacıklar ()
Kayatepe
Kırbalı ()
Kırkdirek ()
Kocahüyük ()
Köprülü ()
Koşuyolu
Ormancık ()
Pınardere ()
Safa
Sancaklı ()
Şenocak ()
Serenli ()
Seydin
Soylu ()
Sürgücü ()
Taşlık ()
Tokluca
Üçerli ()
Üçkavak
Yaylayanı ()
Yazır ()
Yenilmez
Yeşilalan ()
Notable people
Aziz Sancar, Turkish scientist of Arab origin and second Turkish nobel laureate
References
Populated places in Mardin Province
Districts of Mardin Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Tur Abdin
Assyrian communities in Turkey
Kurdish settlements in Mardin Province
Arab settlements in Mardin Province
Former Armenian communities in Mardin Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savur |
Frere Hall () is a building in Karachi, Pakistan that dates from the early British colonial era in Sindh. Completed in 1865, Frere Hall was originally intended to serve as Karachi's town hall, and now serves as an exhibition space and library.
Location
Frere Hall is located in central Karachi's colonial-era Saddar Town, in the Civil Lines neighborhood that is home to several consulates. The hall is located between Abdullah Haroon Road (formerly Victoria Road) and Fatima Jinnah Road (formerly Bonus Road). It lies adjacent to the colonial-era Sind Club.
History
The building was intended to serve as Karachi's town hall, and was designed by Henry Saint Clair Wilkins, who was chosen from among 12 candidates.
The building's land was purchased at a cost of 2,000 British Indian rupees, which had been donated by WP Andrew of the Scinde Railway, and Sir Frederick Arthur Bartholomew. The total cost of the Hall was about 180,000 rupees, out of which the Government contributed 10,000 rupees, while the rest was paid for by Karachi municipality.
Work commenced in August 1863 and continued until October 1865; construction had not been entirely completed by the time of its inauguration.
In 1877 at Frere Hall, the first attempt was made to form a consistent set of rules of badminton. Following the death of Sir Henry Bartle Edward Frere in 1884, the building was renamed in his honour. Frere was a British administrator who was known for promoting economic development in Sindh, as well as for making the Sindhi language the language of administration in Sindh, rather than the Persian language, which had been favoured by the Mughals.
Following the independence of Pakistan, the hall's library was renamed as Liaquat National Library. The library is one of Karachi's largest, and houses a collection of more than 70,000 books, including rare and hand-written manuscripts.
The hall's ceilings were decorated by the world-renowned Pakistani artist Sadequain in the 1980s, with one mural remaining incomplete after his death in 1987. Several other works by Sadequain are found in the hall, and form what is known as the "Galerie Sadequain."
The hall was closed periodically between 2002 and 2011 due to numerous attempted terrorist attacks on the nearby US consulate, and was not reopened permanently until 2011 when the consulate was relocated to a site further away. It is now directly administered by the Karachi Municipal Corporation, and hosts several festivals.
Architecture
Frere Hall was built in the Venetian-Gothic style that also blends elements of British and local architecture. The building features multiple pointed arches, ribbed vaults, quatrefoils, and flying buttresses. Carving on the walls and beautifully articulated mosaic designs are visible on multiple walls and pillars.
The building is built primarily out of local yellow-toned limestone, with stone details formed from white oolite stone quarried from the nearby town of Bholari. Red and grey sandstone is also used in the building, which was quarried from the Sindhi town of Jungshahi.
A tall octagonal tower is located in one of the building's corner that is crowned by an iron cage. The roof of the hall is coated with Muntz metal.
The hall is surrounded by two lawns originally known as "Queen's Lawn" and "King's Lawn" which after independence were renamed as Bagh-e-Jinnah, or "Jinnah Gardens".
Exhibition space
Frere Hall houses a number of stone busts, including that of King Edward VII, which was a gift from local Parsi philanthropist Seth Edulji Dinshaw. Frere Hall also houses oil paintings by Sir Charles Pritchard, who was a former Commissioner of Sindh.
As of 2022, Frere Hall was open to the public, and it is also one of the most important tourist attractions in Karachi because of the building's notable architecture and its association with British rule in the Subcontinent.
Gallery
References
External links
Dawn (newspaper) "Frere Hall stands in need of repairs"
Buildings and structures in Karachi
Heritage sites in Karachi
British colonial architecture
Venetian Gothic architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frere%20Hall |
Ömerli is a Turkish place name and may refer to the following places:
Ömerli, Bandırma, a village
Ömerli, Çivril
Ömerli, Ilgaz
Ömerli, İznik
Ömerli, Karaisalı, a village in Karaisalı district of Adana Province, Turkey
Ömerli, Kastamonu, a village in Kastamonu district of Kastamonu Province, Turkey
Ömerli, Mardin, a district and municipality of Mardin Province, Turkey
Ömerli, Pozantı, a village in Pozantı district of Adana Province, Turkey
Ömerli, Halfeti, a village in Halfeti district of Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey
Ömerli Dam, a dam in Istanbul Province, Turkey
The Turkish name of Galini, Cyprus, a town in northern Cyprus
Turkish toponyms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96merli |
Martin Huba (born 16 July 1943 in Bratislava) is a Slovak actor and director on stage and in film.
In 1964 he graduated from the Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava (VŠMU). He joined the Východoslovenské štátne divadlo (Košice State Theater) in Košice. In 1967 he moved to the theater Divadlo na Korze in Bratislava, where he remained till its closure in 1971. Since 1976 he has been a member of the Slovak National Theatre (SND).
Selected stage performances - actor
1995: Isidoro in Čertice by Carlo Goldoni
1998: Bruscon in Der Theatermacher by Thomas Bernhard, Divadlo Na Zábradlí in Prague (received Alfréd Radok Award)
2004: Cyrano in Cyrano de Bergerac, SND
2005: Johannes Rosmer in Rosmersholm, Mahenovo divadlo Brno (nominated for Alfréd Radok Award)
Selected stage performances - director
1995: Anton Pavlovich Chekhov: The Cherry Orchard; SND
1999: Agatha Christie: Desať malých černoškov alebo ...napokon už nezostal nik; Činohra SND
2001: Tančiareň; SND (received Dosky Award)
2002: William Shakespeare: King Lear; Summer Shakespeare festival at Prague Castle
2002: Ronald Harwood: The Dresser; Divadlo v Dlouhé in Prague
2004: William Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet; Summer Shakespeare Festival at Prague Castle
2004: Juraj Beneš: The Players; SND
2006: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: The Marriage of Figaro; SND
External links
1943 births
Living people
Film people from Bratislava
Slovak male film actors
Slovak male stage actors
Slovak theatre directors
Recipients of Medal of Merit (Czech Republic)
Sun in a Net Awards winners
Czech Lion Awards winners
Academy of Performing Arts in Bratislava alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Huba |
Luxembourg are an English five-piece indie band. For most of their life, the lineup consisted of David Shah (lead singer), Rob Britton (guitar), Alex Potterill (keyboards), Jon Bacon (bass) and Steve Brummell (drums). Bassist Jon left the band at the end of 2006 and was replaced by David Barnett. As of 2016 Bacon and Barnett are in the band, while Potterill is not. Luxembourg have been compared to artists like Pulp, The Smiths and Pet Shop Boys and sometimes described as "pop noir."
History
Luxembourg was formed in 2001 in London. Press interest occurred after two tracks appeared on Angular compilations, The New Cross, and Rip Off Your Labels, alongside artists such as Bloc Party, Art Brut and The Long Blondes.
Their debut single, "What The Housewives Don't Tell You," was released in September 2004 to rave reviews from Teletext's Planet Sound and others. A compilation, Best Kept Secret, featuring tracks from the now deleted demo EPs alongside live recordings and electro reworkings, was released in December 2004. The album (described as "Not Our Debut Album" on the CD artwork) received 3.5 out of 5 from Simon Price in the Independent On Sunday.
The next single, "Luxembourg vs Great Britain," was released in November 2005 on Shifty Disco's then brand new Download Club and as a standalone physical EP, with B-sides "The Exhibitionist" and "About Time". All three songs were produced by Darren Allison, previously involved with artists such as The Divine Comedy. The band's debut album, Front, was recorded with Brian O'Shaughnessy, and released in late October 2006 to much acclaim. This was preceded by the release of "We Only Stayed Together For The Kids" in June 2006, with B-side "A Secret Public." It was the band's first vinyl release, and received exceptional reviews in some quarters, including Artrocker and Drowned in Sound. Bass player Jon Bacon left the band in December 2006, and was replaced by David Barnett, previously of The Boyfriends. The first gig with the new line-up occurred under the pseudonym The Exhibitionists on 29 March 2007, showcasing a large number of new songs.
This original line-up of Luxembourg split in early 2008. At the same time, they made available an uncompleted album, Last Holiday Before Divorce, free to download at Last.fm, featuring demos of the songs which might have comprised the second studio album alongside an unreleased single, "Kick Me" / "Not Quite Right/Not Quite Not Right".
The band reformed to perform a gig in Islington on 15 October 2016, with a line-up consisting of Shah, Britton, Barnett, Bacon and Brummell. On 1 May 2018, they returned with a new video for a song called "Youth", following that with the release of the five track Youth EP a week later. A statement released with the EP indicated that there was more material to come from the band in the future.
Individual projects
Outside of Luxembourg, members of the band have continued to collaborate in various ways.
David Shah continues to pursue his solo project The Melting Ice Caps, sometimes collaborating with Alex Potterill and Aug Stone. Meanwhile, David and Aug co-write and record as The Soft Close-Ups. Recently David has collaborated with original Luxembourg guitarist Andrew 'Bash' Bashford in a music project called Zeitklein and tracks have started to be released.
Alex Potterill fronted glam/indie pop band Jonny Cola & The A-Grades and now occasionally releases solo tracks as Jonny Cola, as well as co-running the Multimedia collaboration Jukebox Headaches, with his former A-Grades bandmate Jez Leather.
Rob Britton has released a number of solo albums through his bandcamp page, and has played guitar in Brontosaurus Chorus. As well as playing bass for Barnett in the New Royal Family, they play together in Menaces, along with Brontosaurus Chorus's Dom Green and Ciaran McNamee.
Steve Brummell runs a website devoted to band photography called 'A Secret Picnic', and has been coaxed out of retirement to drum for Piney Gir, The Monochrome Set, Rebecca Jade and the live Melting Ice Caps band.
David Barnett formed the band The New Royal Family, with Britton on bass, Charley Stone on guitar and Jennifer Denitto on drums. Their song "Anyone Fancy A Chocolate Digestive?" was adopted by podcasts for two football teams, the Vancouver White Caps and East Fife FC. Barnett also formed The Famous Cocks and David and the Barnettes. He has also played bass for The Melting Ice Caps as well as being a founder member of Menaces with Britton.
Barnett, Britton are long-time core members of Keith Top of the Pops & His Minor UK Indie Celebrity All-Star Backing Band, while Brummell has drummed for the band both live and on record.
Discography
Singles
"What The Housewives Don't Tell You", September 2004, Dogbox Records (BOX1)
"Luxembourg vs Great Britain", November 2005, Dogbox Records (BOX5)
"We Only Stayed Together For The Kids", June 2006, Dogbox Records (BOX11)
"Sick of DIY", October 2006, Dogbox Records (BOX15)
Youth EP, May 2018, (LUX3)
"45", January 2021, (LUX4)
"Changes", July 2021, (LUX5)
Albums
Front, October 2006, Dogbox Records (BOX16)
Last Holiday Before Divorce, May 2008
Compilation albums
Best Kept Secret - Demos & Rarities 2001-2004, December 2004, Dogbox Records (BOX2)
A Secret Public - b-sides & rarities 2001-2006, October 2016 (LUX2)
Appearances on compilations
"Making Progress" on The New Cross: An Angular Sampler, November 2003, Angular Recording Corporation (ARC002)
"Let Us Have It" on Rip Off Your Labels: More Angular Product, June 2004, Angular Recording Corporation (ARC004)
"Not My Number" on Blue Skies Up: Welcome To The New Pop Revolution, May 2006, Dogbox Records (BOX8)
"Kick Me" on Doing It For The Kids 08, May 2008
Appearances on soundtracks
"Close-cropped" on The Viva Voce Virus, 2008, Survive-The-Kavoti-Cave Productions
Live appearances outside London
Despite being best known in London, where they played most of their gigs, Luxembourg also performed in:
Brighton (twice), Sheffield (twice), Liverpool (at the Liverpool Mathew Street Music Festival), Cardiff, Oxford, Reading, Cambridge (Downing College Ball), Norwich, Newcastle-upon-Tyne (twice), Glasgow (twice), Edinburgh, Tunbridge Wells and Paris.
References
External links
Luxembourg on Bandcamp
Luxembourg on YouTube
Luxembourg myspace
Last.fm page, featuring entire back catalogue for free download
Musical groups from London
English indie rock groups
Musical groups established in 2001
Musical groups disestablished in 2008
Musical groups established in 2016
2001 establishments in England
2008 disestablishments in England
2016 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg%20%28band%29 |
Akira the Don (real name Adam Narkiewicz) is a British musician, DJ, producer, and YouTuber.
His music and production traverses the boundaries between pop, hip-hop, indie, and dance. He lists influences including Ice Cube, Adam Ant, Morrissey, Big Bang, Leonard Cohen, David Bowie and the Wu-Tang Clan. His debut album When We Were Young was produced by Danny Saber. In 2017, Akira the Don released mixtapes in the form of a new genre he created, referred to as "Meaningwave" – a fusion of wave music with meaningful lyrical content and lo-fi hip-hop.
Career
Rapper
Prior to launching a solo career, Akira the Don was a member of hip-hop group Crack Village. In 2006, Akira rapped on Brave Captain's album Distractions. He released his first album When We Were Young the same year.
In May 2011, he released his second LP, The Life Equation. The album is co-produced with Stephen Hague and features collaborations with Gruff Rhys (of Super Furry Animals) and Envy. Akira often produced his own videos. In 2013, Akira performed at Grant Morrison's MorrisonCon.
In March 2014, Akira released A.T.D.R.I.P.. He played his final gig as a traditional rap artist in London on 19 May,.
Producer
Akira has produced songs for a number of artists including two top forty hits for Lethal Bizzle along with songs for Newham Generals' Footsie, Big Narstie, Envy, G-Mane, Littles, Marvin The Martian, Issue, and Time.
In 2011, Akira collaborated with Chilly Gonzales on mixtape.
In 2015, Akira produced a cover of Adamski's "Killer" featuring Grant Morrison.
In 2016, he released a remix of the Stranger Things theme.
Since 2017, Akira the Don has been integrating philosophically inspired lyrical content into his music. He created and developed the Meaningwave Universe which is aimed at inspiring people to find wholesomeness in their lives, and promotes the ideas of peak performance or flow consciousness. He's sampled soundbites from Jordan Peterson, Alan Watts, Joe Rogan, Elon Musk, Fred Rogers, Anthony Bourdain, and others. In 2019, he released dozens of albums during a period of "hyper productivity"
In September 2021, Meaningwave and Akira the Don were covered on the Fox News Channel talk show Gutfeld!.
In 2022, Akira was featured on Jordan Peterson's podcast.
DJ
In October 2014 Akira relocated to Los Angeles, where he formed the party rap duo MIDNITEMEN with long time collaborator and nightclub organiser Wade Crescent, and began DJing every week in Hollywood nightspots like The Roosevelt Hotel, Blind Dragon, Hooray Henrys and Bootsy Bellows. The latter is co-owned by David Arquette, for whom Akira provided accent coaching for the actor's role in a stage production of Sherlock Holmes.
As resident DJ at Blind Dragon, he DJed parties for the likes of The Weeknd, Nylon Magazine and Harry Styles. He DJed for Justin Bieber at Hooray Henrys following his VMA's performance.
YouTube
In 2020, Akira started to live-stream daily DJs sets on his YouTube channel, at times doing two sets per day.
Personal life
Born in West Bromwich and raised in North Wales, for most of his career he lived in London. In 2014, he moved to Los Angeles. In 2020, he moved to Texas in order "to secure the future of Meaningwave, his son's childhood, and the very Don Dynasty itself." Since 2021, he has been residing in Mexico.
Discography
Albums
When We Were Young (Nov 2006)
The Kidnapping of Akira the Don (Nov 2010) featuring Joey2Tits
The Life Equation (16 May 2011) co-produced and mixed by Stephen Hague
Saturnalia Superman: Akira the Don Salutes the Majesty of Christmas (19 December 2011)
A.T.D.R.I.P. (11 March 2014)
12 Rules For Life: The Album (JPWAVE) (5 February 2018) featuring Jordan Peterson
Goldtron III (9 July 2018)
JBPWAVE: Genesis (24 August 2018) featuring Jordan Peterson
MUSKWAVE - A Space Odyssey featuring Elon Musk (21 September 2018)
Goldtron IV (5 November 2018)
The Path (25 January 2019) featuring Jocko Willink
Telling Stories (2021)
Freedom to Chains (2021)
The Call to Adventure (2021)
Truth & Dragons (2022)
Dunewave: Odyssey (2023) featuring DanikaXIX
EPs
Akira the Don's First EP (Sep 2004)
AAA EP (May 2005)
All I Want for Christmas Is You (and World Peace) EP (Dec 2006)
Five and a Half Songs About Love (Feb 2006)
I Am Not Dead (YEAH!)'' (Oct 2009) featuring Gruff Rhys
References
External links
Akira The Don's official website
MusicTowers.com interview Akira the Don
CMU's Chris Cooke interviews Akira the Don for The Beats Bar – thebeatsbar.co.uk
Akira the Don's Animated Videos on Newgrounds.com
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
British hip hop DJs
British hip hop record producers
British YouTubers
British electronic dance music musicians
Lo-fi musicians
Music YouTubers
People educated at Friars School, Bangor
Trap musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akira%20the%20Don |
Jednorożec () is a village in Przasnysz County, Poland. Located in the Mazovian Voivodeship, the town is one of the centres of the historical region of Kurpie. It lies approximately northeast of Przasnysz and north of Warsaw.
Etymology
The town was named based on the local legend of a beekeeper who saw a unicorn in the area, which was at the time a royal hunting preserve. According to the legend, Prince Janusz III Mazowiecki ordered the building of a hunting lodge on the spot, which he named Jednorożec, meaning "unicorn."
The coat of arms and the municipal flag of Jednorożec consist of a unicorn accompanied by two bees. The unicorn is shown in the position of a Polish battle horse. The color green symbolizes the area's forested Kurpie past, as well as the current "green" values of the local inhabitants, and the green color also refers to the area as part of what was once "Poland's Green Lungs."
Government
The village of Jednorożec is the seat of the Gmina Jednorożec (administrative district) in Przasnysz County.
The Jednorożec municipal office is located at ul. Odrodzenia 14, 06-323 Jednorożec.
Current departments include:
Mayor
Secretary
Treasurer
Finance and Budget Office
Investment and Development Team
Head of the Office of Civil Status
Independent Workplace Affairs and Local Government Personnel
Independent Position for Defense, Civil Protection and Economic Crisis Management
Independent Workplace - Computer Science
Stand-alone post for Land Reclamation
Project Coordinator
History
Jednorożec has a history going back at least three hundred years. It survived the "Swedish invasion of Poland" during the Second Northern War in the 17th century and subsequent occupations by Russia and Germany.
The area now known as Jednorożec was part of a royal estate in the Kurpie forest, and contained no permanent residents in the second half of the 16th century, only meadows and small huts of beekeepers. Beekeeping was highly regulated by law and beekeepers were required to provide "forty hands of honey" (40 rączek miodu) per year as tribute to the estate. In addition, they were required to pay the estate a rent and to serve as serfs for three days during harvest time. Nearby neighbors in Lipa and Małowidz, however, were required to serve as serfs three days a week.
Between 1609 and 1616 the heavily forested area was destroyed by violent storms and forest fires which put the beekeepers out of business. Beekeepers who suffered severe losses appealed to the royal court and were provided sixteen hectares of land, allowed the right to bear arms, and, along with settlers in Lipa and Małowidz, were removed from serfdom by the court. This special status and privilege, first started here, was later extended to other settlement areas in the Puszczy Zagajnica forest of Kurpie, and marked the beginning of agriculture in the area.
The Jednorożec settlement was officially incorporated as a village on August 7, 1650, by a decree from King John II Casimir Vasa, which allowed the beekeepers and farmers, who were already settled there, the official title to their land. The village grew from approximately 40 families in the early 1700s to 80 families in 1781, and Jednorożec then became the second largest town of the parish, after Chorzele. A census in 1827 indicated the town's population was 693 inhabitants housed in 111 homes.
A resolution of the Duchy of Warsaw, dated March 12, 1808, allowed the creation of parochial schooling in Jednorożec, and, in 1809, the first school opened in the village in an old building. A newly built school was funded and established in 1817, and the teacher, John Krajewski, received 300 złoty a year, plus contributions. School attendance was low and often interrupted by the children having to remain at home to help with farm chores.
The settlement and surrounding area survived the Swedish invasion of Poland at the turn of the 17th century and, during the November Uprising and the January Uprising of the years 1863–1864, many of the young men of the town joined the insurgency. During the January Uprising, the surrounding forests provided shelter to the insurgents. It is in this area, near Drążdżewo, the commander of the insurgents hid Zygmunt Padlewski with his division after Padlewski's defeat at Myszyniec. Russian czarist troops moved into the area, and a battle was fought which resulted in Padlewski losing the battle with 50 of his insurgents killed in action or drowned while escaping.
In 1867 a gmina (commune) was established with Jednorożec as its seat. Gmina Jednorożec contained 586 houses and 4,376 inhabitants (in 1882) and was contained within an area of 35,391 hectares. In the Jednorożec gmina were the chapel, the office of the municipality, the municipal court, post border guards, forestry office, four tar factories, three windmills, and two inns.
The village prospered well until the middle of the 19th century when natural disasters (drought, fire, hailstones) and resultant soil depletion caused an economic crisis. In addition, on May 18, 1848, a fire, initially caused by lightning, burned down 80 houses and injured 50 people. The economic situation became so desperate the church urged parishioners to "cease drinking vodka." Education suffered during this period of Russian czarist occupation when the Jednorożec school was directed to teach all courses in the Russian language, which was strongly resented and opposed by the villagers. In addition, since villagers now had not the money to pay for school tuition, attendance fell to twenty percent by 1890. In 1889, Jednorożec contained around 118 farms and there were also 45 families with no land. In 1890 villagers refused to pay taxes, which resulted in the arrival of Russian troops to collect taxes by force.
Severe economic hardship continued through the end of the 19th century, causing many of the townspeople to emigrate to the United States or to seek seasonal work in Prussia.
When World War I occurred, inhabitants of Jednorożec and nearby towns in the gmina were displaced and in turmoil in November and December 1914 when Germans and Russians fought fierce battles near Przasnysz. Many fled to nearby towns or hid in the woods until the fighting was over. Another fight broke out in early spring 1915. Until then, Jednorożec was occupied by Tsarist troops. German forces attacked on Feb. 17, 1915 in the direction of Jednorożec with the objective of attacking Przasnysz. As a result of heavy fighting on 24 February Przasnysz was captured, but soon the Russians went into a counteroffensive, but were not able to oust the Germans from the area. In early March, when the Russians attacked the Germans, Jednorożec was on the front lines and, by March 1915, more than half of the village was destroyed. A Polish resistance group, called "Polish Military Organisation" (Polska Organizacja Wojskowa) was formed during the war and included a number of the village's residents, including Franciszek Berk, Stanisław Kardaś, Władysław Mordwa, Jan Sobieraj, Antoni Wilga and Józef Wilga.
When, in August 1915 residents began returning to Jednorożec, which was now under German occupation until 1918, there were only three remaining buildings: the parsonage, a house and a granary. Inhabitants were dying of starvation, and efforts were made to reconstruct the town. Peace eventually returned to the area until August 1920, when, for a few days, the area was occupied by Bolshevik troops.
Residents quickly rebuilt after the devastation of the village in 1914–1915. Jednorożec in the interwar period once again became economically strong and a thriving village with 160 houses and 869 inhabitants. All were of Polish nationality and observed the Catholic faith.
A monument on the main street in town is dedicated to all those who emigrated from the town to America during the mass emigration period of 1870–1910.
Today
Modern Jednorożec is largely agricultural. Today, residents in the town live in new homes alongside refurbished and preserved older homes.
Historic sites, monuments and buildings are well preserved by the townspeople who are proud of their Jednorożec heritage. A nearby cemetery is well-tended and visited often by residents, to honor their forebears of the past centuries.
As a measure of permanence of the population, in June 2001 a festival was held to celebrate the 300th anniversary of some of the town's families whose Jednorożec roots were traced back to 1701.
The celebration was attended, not only by the local townspeople, but by Jednorożec descendants from America who came to pay honor to their heritage.
Historic Jednorożec families
Family surnames of those born in Jednorożec during the period 1700 to 1890 include:
Antosiak, Bakula, Berk, Bilek, Bitkiem, Blaszkiewicz, Bolinski, Cesarz, Chudzik, Deptula, Duda, Dybinski, Forman, Frontczak, Giardow, Godlewski, Grabowski, Gwiazda, Jozwik, Kardas, Kiec, Kieszczyk, Krajewski, Krawczyk, Krulak, Kuligowski, Kulpan, Kuta, Maka, Maluchnik, Matusiak, Matwicki, Merchel, Mordwa, Mortwionek, Nowotka, Nowotkow, Obrebski, Olender, Opalach, Orzol, Ososki, Pazdrag, Piorkowski, Piotrak, Podym, Pogorzelski, Prusik, Przybylek, Przybytek, Renof, Rykoski, Sasin, Sedrowski, Sidwa, Sierpienski, Sobieraj, Sobiski, Sopech, Stancel, Stefaniak, Suchowiecki, Symolon, Szczepanik, Szewczyk, Szlaga, Sztambor, Wilga, Wroblow, Zaleski, Zokewski, Zygmunt.
Churches
Four churches located in Jednorożec serve the Catholic population of the town and surrounding areas:
Christ Redeemer, Polon 74
Saint Anthony, Olszewka 79
Saint Florian, ul. Koscielna 1 A
Saint Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr, Parciaki 28
Local newspapers and publications
Głos Gminy Jednorożec
Źródła do dziejów Ziemi Jednorożeckiej
Słowa najprostsze
Gallery
See also
Kurpie
Gmina Jednorożec
References
External links
Village website
Villages in Przasnysz County
Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednoro%C5%BCec |
Isidoor Bert Hans "Ido" Abram (1940, Batavia, Dutch East Indies – 14 January 2019), was a Dutch educator and writer on the nature of Jewishness.
Early life
As a small child during World War II Abram was an internee in Japanese camps. After liberation his family returned to the Netherlands. Abram studied mathematics and philosophy at the University of Amsterdam. He was professor of pedagogy (theory of teaching) at that institute and published on topics regarding Jewish culture and identity, multicultural education and "Education after Auschwitz". He had been the first European professor for "Holocaust Education" since 1990.
He developed a model known as the ‘five-slice pie chart’ to illustrate the different ways of being Jewish. He said there are five aspects that in some way affect the life of every Jew. These are "religion and tradition", "the tie with Israel and Zionism", '"war persecution and survival", "personal history" and the "exchange between Jewish and Dutch cultures". Just how heavily these different aspects weigh on each person individually depends on the place and time in which one lives. During the course of a person’s life the various aspects may alter in importance.
References
External links
Arche - Platform for Intercultural Projects in Austria
Jewish Historical Museum
1940 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Dutch educators
Dutch educators
Dutch Jews
20th-century Dutch philosophers
Jewish philosophers
People from Batavia, Dutch East Indies
University of Amsterdam alumni
Academic staff of the University of Amsterdam
People from the Dutch East Indies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ido%20Abram |
The Chickasaw Nation () is a federally recognized Native American tribe with headquarters in Ada, Oklahoma, in the United States. They are an Indigenous people of the Southeastern Woodlands, originally from northern Mississippi, northwestern Alabama, southwestern Kentucky, and western Tennessee. Today, the Chickasaw Nation is the 13th largest tribe in the United States.
Currently, the nation's jurisdictional territory and reservation includes about 7,648 square miles of south-central Oklahoma, including Bryan, Carter, Coal, Garvin, Grady, Jefferson, Johnston, Love, McClain, Marshall, Murray, Pontotoc, and Stephens counties.
These counties are separated into four districts, the Pontotoc, Pickens, Tishomingo, and Panola, with relatively equal populations. Their population today is estimated to be 38,000, with the majority residing in the state of Oklahoma.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, European Americans considered the Chickasaw one of the historic Five Civilized Tribes, along with the Cherokee, Choctaw, Muscogee, and Seminole nations, due to their agrarian culture and later adoption of centralized governments with written constitutions, intermarriages with white settlers, literacy, Christianity, market participation, and slave holding.
The Chickasaw language, Chikashshanompa’, belongs to the Muskogean language family. This is primarily an oral language, with no historic written component. A significant part of their culture is passed on to each generation through their oral history, consisting of intergenerational stories that speak to the tribe’s legacy and close relationship with the Choctaw. The similarities in the language of the Chickasaw and the Choctaw have prompted anthropologists to propose a number of theories regarding the origins of the Chickasaw Nation, as it continues to remain uncertain.
Clans within the Chickasaw Nation are separated into two moieties: the and the , with each clan having their own leaders. Their tradition of matrilineal descent provides the basic societal structure of the nation, with children becoming members of and under the care of their mother’s clan.
History
Origins
Mississippian cultures developed between around 800 CE along the Mississippi River and across the Eastern Woodlands with some regional variations. This was a period of increasing sociopolitical complexity, with the intensification of agriculture, settlements in larger towns or chiefdoms, and the formation of strategic alliances to facilitate communication. Organization of labor is evidenced by mounds, and the skill and craftmanship of artisans is reflected in the elaborate and intricate remains of burials. Furthermore, as chiefdoms arose within the Chickasaw Nation—and across the Southeast in general—the increased social complexity and population growth were sustained by effective and widespread farming practices.
While the origins of the Chickasaw continue to remain uncertain, anthropologists and historians have proposed several theories. One theory is that the Chickasaw were at one time a part of the Choctaw and later branched off, given their close connections linguistically and geographically. Another is that they were descendants of the pre-historic Mississippian tribes, having migrated from the West given their oral histories. According to some of their oral stories, the Chickasaw first settled in the Chickasaw Old Fields, what is currently northern Alabama today, and later re-established themselves near the Tombigbee River.
European contact, 16th–17th century
Hernando de Soto is credited as being the first European to contact the Chickasaw during his travels of 1540, and along with his army, were some of the first, and last, European explorers to come into contact with the Mississippian cultures and nations of the Southeast. He learned they were an agrarian nation with the political organization of a chiefdom governmental system, with the head chief residing in the largest and main temple mound in the chiefdom, with the remaining family lineage and commoners spreading out across the villages. Months after an uneasy truce permitting the Spanish stay in their camps for the winter and survive on the tribe's food supply, the Chickasaws planned a surprise night attack on Desoto and his men as they prepared to leave. By this, they successfully sent a defiant message to their European enemies not to return to their land. As a result, 150 years passed before the Chickasaw received another European expedition.
The next encounter the Chickasaw Nation had with European settlers was with French explorers René-Robert de La Salle and Henri de Tonti. Not long after, by the end of the 17th century, the Chickasaw Nation had established successful trade relationships with European settlers in the American Southwest. In exchange for hides and slaves, the Chickasaw obtained metal tools, guns, and other supplies from the settlers. With a population of around 3,500–4,000, the Chickasaw were smaller than their surrounding neighbors such as the Choctaw, with a population of about 20,000. However, there became increased efforts by the English and the French to establish and maintain strong alliances with the Chickasaw Nation and surrounding sovereign tribes due to power struggles in the region; effective trade routes later became the focal point of the wars fought between Great Britain and France. During the colonial period, some Chickasaw towns traded with French colonists from La Louisiane, including their settlements at Biloxi and Mobile.
18th–19th century
After the American Revolutionary War, the new state of Georgia was trying to strengthen its claim to western lands, which it said went to the Mississippi River under its colonial charter. It also wanted to satisfy a great demand by planters for land to develop, and the state government, including the governor, made deals to favor political insiders. Various development companies formed to speculate in land sales. After a scandal in the late 1780s, another developed in the 1790s. In what was referred to as the Yazoo land scandal of January 1795, the state of Georgia sold 22 million acres of its western lands to four land companies, although this territory was occupied by the Chickasaw and other tribes, and there were other European nations with some sovereignty in the area. This was the second Yazoo land sale, which generated outrage when the details were publicized. Reformers passed a state law forcing the annulment of this sale in February 1796. But the Georgia-Mississippi Company had already sold part of its holdings to the New England Mississippi Company, and it had sold portions to settlers. Conflicts arose as settlers tried to claim and develop these lands. Georgia finally ceded its claim to the U.S. in 1810, but the issues took nearly another decade to resolve.
Abraham Bishop of New Haven, Connecticut, wrote a 1797 pamphlet to address the land speculation initiated by the Georgia-Mississippi Company. Within this discussion, he wrote about the Chickasaw and their territory in what became Mississippi:
James Adair, who in 1744 resided among the Chickasaw, named their principal towns as being Shatara, Chookheereso, Hykehah, Tuskawillao, and Phalacheho. The Chickasaw sold a section of their lands with the Treaty of Tuscaloosa, resulting in the loss of what became known as the Jackson Purchase, in 1818. This area included western Kentucky and western Tennessee, both areas not heavily populated by members of the tribe. They remained in their primary homeland of northern Mississippi and northwest Alabama until the 1830s. After decades of increasing pressure by federal and state governments to cede their land, as European Americans were eager to move into their territory and had already begun to do so as squatters or under fraudulent land sales, the Chickasaw finally agreed to cede their remaining Mississippi homeland to the U.S. under the Treaty of Pontotoc Creek and relocate west of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory.
The Chickasaw removal is one of the most traumatic episodes in the history of the nation. As a result of the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the Chickasaw Nation was forced to move to Indian territory, suffering a significant decline in population. However, due to the negotiating skills of the Chickasaw leaders, they were led to favorable sales of their land in Mississippi. Of the Five Civilized Tribes, the Chickasaw were one of the last ones to move. In 1837, the Chickasaw and Choctaw signed the Treaty of Doaksville, by which the Chickasaw purchased the western lands of the Choctaw Nation in Indian Territory. This western area was called the Chickasaw District, and consisted of what are now Panola, Wichita, Caddo, and Perry counties.
Although originally the western boundary of the Choctaw Nation extended to the 100th meridian, virtually no Chickasaw lived west of the Cross Timbers, due to continual raiding by the Plains Indians of the southern region. The United States eventually leased the area between the 100th and 98th meridians for the use of the Plains tribes. The area was referred to as the "Leased District".
The division of the Choctaw Nation was ratified by the Choctaw–Chickasaw Treaty of 1854. The Chickasaw constitution, establishing the nation as separate from the Choctaw, was signed August 30, 1856, in their new capital of Tishomingo (now Tishomingo, Oklahoma). The first Chickasaw governor was Cyrus Harris. The nation consisted of four divisions: Tishomingo County, Pontotoc County, Pickens County, and Panola County. Law enforcement in the nation was provided by the Chickasaw Lighthorsemen. Non-Indians fell under the jurisdiction of the federal court at Fort Smith.
Following the Civil War, the United States forced the Chickasaw Nation into a new peace treaty due to their support for the Confederacy. Under the new treaty, the Chickasaw (and Choctaw) ceded the "Leased District" to the United States.
20th century to present
In 1907, when Oklahoma entered the Union as the 46th state, the role of tribal governments in Indian Territories ceased, and as a result, the Chickasaw people were then granted United States citizenship. For decades until 1971, the United States appointed representatives for the Chickasaw Nation. Douglas H. Johnston was the first man to serve in this capacity. Governor Johnston served the Chickasaw Nation from 1906 until his death in 1939 at age 83.
Though it may have seemed like the federal government finally achieved their goal of completely assimilating the Chickasaw Nation into mainstream American life, the Chickasaw people continued to practice traditional activities and gather together socially, believing that the community involvement would sustain their culture, language, core beliefs, and values. This gave rise to the movement towards which the Chickasaw would govern themselves.
During the 1960s and the civil rights movement, Native American Indian activism was on the rise. A group of Chickasaw met at Seeley Chapel, a small country church near Connerville, Oklahoma, to work toward the re-establishment of its government. With the passage of Public Law 91-495, their tribal government was recognized by the United States. In 1971, the people held their first tribal election since 1904. They elected Overton James by a landslide as governor of the Chickasaw Nation, further tightening communal support and identity.
Since the 1980s, the tribal government has focused on building an economically diverse base to generate funds that will support programs and services to Indian people.
Culture
Language
Chikashshanompa’, a traditionally oral language, is the primary and official language of the Chickasaw Nation. Over 3,000 years old, Chikashshanompa’ is part of the Muskogean language family and is very similar to the Choctaw language. There has been a great decline over the years in the number of speakers, as the language is spoken by less than two hundred people today, with the majority being Chickasaw elders. The Chickasaw language was often discouraged in students attending school (often even including tribally run schools).
In 2007, the Chickasaw Nation of Oklahoma enacted and began promoting the Chickasaw Language Revitalization Program. A focus of this program is the Master Apprentice Program, which pairs a language-learning student with an individual already fluent in Chikashshanompa’ in attempts to gain conversational fluency. Other attempts at language revitalization have included establishing university language courses, creating a language learning app, and running youth language clubs.
Religion and cultural practice
At the core of Chickasaw religious beliefs and traditions is the supreme deity (), the spirit of fire and giver of life, light, and warmth. is believed to live above the clouds along with a number of other lesser deities, such as the spirits of the sky and clouds, and evil spirits.
The Chickasaw Nation follows the traditional monogamous marriage system, with the groom obtaining the blessings of the wife’s parents and following with a simple ceremony soon after. Marriage ceremonies were all arranged by women. Adultery is a misdemeanor seriously looked down upon with severe private as well as public consequences since this was thought to bring shame and dishonor to the families. As the Chickasaws practice matrilineal descent, children usually follow their mother’s house or clan name.
The Green Corn Festival is one of the largest and most important ceremonies of the Chickasaw Nation. This religious festival takes place in the latter half of summer, lasting two to eight days. It serves as a religious renewal in addition to thanksgiving, as all members of the tribe give thanks for the year’s corn harvest and pray to . Major events held during the celebration include a two-day fast, a purification ceremony, the forgiveness of minor sins, the Stomp Dance (the most well-known traditional dances of the Chickasaw), and major ball games.
Government and politics
The Chickasaw Nation is headquartered in Ada, Oklahoma. Their tribal jurisdictional area is in Bryan, Carter, Coal, Garvin, Grady, Jefferson, Johnston, Love, McClain, Marshall, Murray, Pontotoc, and Stephens counties in Oklahoma. The tribal governor is Bill Anoatubby. Anoatubby was elected governor in 1987, and at the time, the tribe had a larger spending budget than funds available. Anoatubby's effective management gradually led the tribe toward progress, as tribal operations and funding have increased exponentially. Governor Anoatubby lists another of his primary goals as meeting the needs and desires of the Chickasaw people by providing opportunities for employment, higher education, and health care services.
The Chickasaw Nation’s current three-department system of government was established with the ratification of the 1983 Chickasaw Nation Constitution. The tribal government takes the form of a democratic republic. The governor and the lieutenant governor are elected to serve four-year terms and run for political office together. The Chickasaw government also has an executive branch, legislative branch, and judicial department. In addition to electing a governor and lieutenant governor, voters also select thirteen members to make up the tribal legislature (with three-year terms), and three justices to make up the tribal supreme court. The elected officials provided for in the Constitution believe in a unified commitment, whereby government policy serves the common good of all Chickasaw citizens. This common good extends to future generations as well as today’s citizens.
The structure of the current government encourages and supports infrastructure for strong business ventures and an advanced tribal economy. The use of new technologies and dynamic business strategies in a global market are also encouraged. Revenues generated by Chickasaw Nation tribal businesses support tribal government operations, are invested in further diversification of enterprises, and fund more than 200 programs and services. These programs cover education, health care, youth, aging, housing and more, all of which directly benefit Chickasaw families, Oklahomans, and their communities. This unique system is key to the Chickasaw Nation’s efforts to pursue self-sufficiency and self-determination, ensuring the continuous enrichment and support of Indian lives.
Governor Anoatubby appointed Charles W. Blackwell as the Chickasaw Nation's first Ambassador to the United States in 1995. Blackwell had previously served as the Chickasaw delegate to the United States from 1990 to 1995. At the time of his appointment in 1995, Blackwell became the first Native American tribal ambassador to the United States government. Blackwell served in Washington as ambassador from 1995 until his death on January 3, 2013. Governor Anoatubby named Neal McCaleb ambassador-at-large in 2013, a role similar to Blackwell's.
Economy
The Chickasaw Nation operates more than 100 diversified businesses in a variety of services and industries, including manufacturing, energy, health care, media, technology, hospitality, retail and tourism. Among these are Bedré Fine Chocolate in Davis, Lazer Zone Family Fun Center and the McSwain Theatre in Ada; The Artesian Hotel in Sulphur; Chickasaw Nation Industries in Norman; Global Gaming Solutions, LLC; KADA (AM), KADA-FM, KCNP, KTLS, KXFC, and KYKC radio stations in Ada; and Treasure Valley Inn and Suites in Davis. In 1987, with funding from the U.S. federal government, the Chickasaw Nation operated just over thirty programs with the goal of developing a firm financial base. Today, the nation has more than two hundred tribally funded programs and more than sixty federally funded programs providing services in sectors such as housing, education, entertainment, employment, and healthcare.
Governor Anoatubby highly prioritizes the services available to the Chickasaw people. Two health clinics (in Tishomingo and Ardmore), as well as the Chickasaw Nation Medical Center in Ada, were established in 1987. Not long after, many additional health clinics and facilities opened, with even a convenient housing facility on the campus of the Chickasaw Nation Medical Center designed to relieve families and patients of travel and lodging costs if traveling far from home.
Increases in higher education funding and scholarships have enabled many students to pursue higher education, with funding increasing from $200,000 thirty years ago to students receiving more than $15 million in scholarships, grants, and other educational support.
The Chickasaw Nation is also contributing heavily to the tourism industry in Oklahoma. In 2010, the Chickasaw Cultural Center opened, attracting more than 200,000 visitors from around the world as well as providing hundreds of employment opportunities to local residents. In this year alone, the Chickasaw Nation also opened a Welcome Center, Artesian Hotel, Chickasaw Travel Shop, Chickasaw Conference Center and Retreat, Bedré Fine Chocolate Factory, and the Salt Creek Casino.
In 2002, the Chickasaw Nation purchased Bank2 with headquarters in Oklahoma City. It was renamed 'Chickasaw Community Bank' in January 2020. It started with $7.5 million in assets and has grown to $135 million in assets today. The Chickasaw Nation also operates many historical sites and museums, including the Chickasaw Nation Capitols and Kullihoma Grounds, as well as a number of casinos. Their casinos include Ada Gaming Center, Artesian Casino, Black Gold Casino, Border Casino, Chisholm Trail Casino, Gold Mountain Casino, Goldsby Gaming Center, Jet Stream Casino, Madill Gaming Center, Newcastle Casino, Newcastle Travel Gaming, RiverStar Casino, Riverwind Casino, Treasure Valley Casino, Texoma Casino, SaltCreek Casino, Washita Casino, and WinStar World Casino. They also own Lone Star Park in Grand Prairie, Texas, and Remington Park Casino in Oklahoma City. The estimated annual tribal economic impact in the region from all sources is more than $3.18 billion.
Notable people
Bill Anoatubby, governor of the Chickasaw Nation since 1987
Jack Brisco and Gerry Brisco, pro-wrestling tag team
Jodi Byrd, literary and political theorist
Stephanie Byers, first openly transgender Native American person elected to office in America
Edwin Carewe (1883–1940), movie actor and director
Jeff Carpenter, recording artist and co-founder of the Native American music group Injunuity
Charles David Carter, U. S. Congressman from Oklahoma
Travis Childers, U.S. Congressman from Mississippi
Helen Cole (1922–2004), mayor of Moore, state representative, state senator, daughter of Te Ata Fisher
Tom Cole, U.S. Congressman, son of Helen Cole
Adele Collins (1908–1996), visual artist
Hiawatha Estes, architect
Te Ata Fisher, storyteller and actress
Cyrus Harris, first Governor of the Chickasaw nation
John Herrington, astronaut, first enrolled Native American to travel in space
Linda Hogan, author, writer-in-residence of the Chickasaw Nation
Overton James, Governor of the Chickasaw Nation (1963–1987)
Douglas H. Johnston, Governor of Chickasaw Nation (1898–1902 and 1904–1939)
Tom Love, businessman, founder of Love's Travel Stops
Neal McCaleb, civil engineer and politician
Bryce Petty, quarterback for the Miami Dolphins
Piomingo, ally of the United States under George Washington
Graham Roland, writer and producer
Rebecca Sandefur, sociologist and winner of a MacArthur "Genius" Fellowship
Eula Pearl Carter Scott, pilot, later elected to the Chickasaw legislature, where she served three terms
Jerod Impichchaachaaha' Tate, composer and pianist
Fred Waite (1853–1895), politician representative, senator, Speaker of the House, and Attorney General of Chickasaw Nation
Estelle Chisholm Ward, educator, journalist, publisher
Kevin K. Washburn, attorney, federal government official and law professor
References
Sources
Atkinson, James R. Splendid Land, Splendid People: the Chickasaw Indians to Removal. Univ. of Alabama Press, 2004.
Green, Richard. Chickasaw Lives. Chickasaw Press, 2007.
Perdue, Theda, and Michael D. Green. The Columbia Guide to American Indians of the Southeast. Columbia University Press, 2012.
“Native American Spaces: Cartographic Resources at the Library of Congress: Indian Territory.” Research Guides, guides.loc.gov/native-american-spaces/cartographic-resources/indian-territory.
Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. .
Fitzgerald, David, et al. Chickasaw: Unconquered and Unconquerable. Chickasaw Press, 2006.
Swanton, John Reed. Chickasaw Society and Religion. University of Nebraska Press, 2006.
Further reading
A. G. Young and S. M. Miranda, "Cultural Identity Restoration and Purposive Website Design: A Hermeneutic Study of the Chickasaw and Klamath Tribes," 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, HI, 2014, pp. 3358-3367, doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2014.417.
Galloway, Patricia Kay. Choctaw Genesis, 1500-1700. University of Nebraska Press, 1998.
Johnson, Jay K. “Stone Tools, Politics, and the Eighteenth-Century Chickasaw in Northeast Mississippi.” American Antiquity, vol. 62, no. 2, 1997, pp. 215–230., doi:10.2307/282507.
Johnson, Neil R.; C. Neil Kingsley (editor). The Chickasaw Rancher. Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2001 (Revision of 1960 edition).
Kappler, Charles (ed.). "TREATY WITH THE CHOCTAW AND CHICKASAW, 1854". Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904. 2:652-653 (accessed December 25, 2006).
Kappler, Charles (ed.). "TREATY WITH THE CHOCTAW AND CHICKASAW, 1866". Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Washington: Government Printing Office, 1904. 2:918-931. (accessed December 27, 2006).
Luthey, Graydon Dean. “Chickasaw Nation v. United States: The Beginning of the End of the Indian-Law Canons in Statutory Cases and the Start of the Judicial Assault on the Trust Relationship?” American Indian Law Review, vol. 27, no. 2, 2002, p. 553., doi:10.2307/20070704.
National Geographic Society. “Southeast Native American Groups.” National Geographic Society, 4 Mar. 2020, www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/southeast-native-american-groups/.
Wright, Muriel H. "Organization of the Counties in the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations". Chronicles of Oklahoma 8:3 (September 1930) 315-334. (accessed December 26, 2006).
External links
Chickasaw Nation, official website
Chickasaw Nation Video Network - Chickasaw.TV
Voices of Oklahoma interview with Bill Anoatubby. First person interview conducted on October 18, 2010 with Bill Anoatubby, the tribal Governor of the Chickasaw Nation.
1856 establishments in Indian Territory
American Indian reservations in Oklahoma
Federally recognized tribes in the United States
Native American tribes in Oklahoma
States and territories established in 1856
Bryan County, Oklahoma
Carter County, Oklahoma
Coal County, Oklahoma
Garvin County, Oklahoma
Grady County, Oklahoma
Jefferson County, Oklahoma
Johnston County, Oklahoma
Love County, Oklahoma
McClain County, Oklahoma
Marshall County, Oklahoma
Murray County, Oklahoma
Pontotoc County, Oklahoma
Stephens County, Oklahoma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickasaw%20Nation |
Kennebunk may refer to multiple things located in the U.S. state of Maine:
Kennebunk, Maine, a town
Kennebunk (CDP), Maine, census-designated place within the town
West Kennebunk, Maine, census-designated place
The Kennebunk River | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennebunk%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Route 20 is a state highway in the U.S. state of Connecticut. It extends from Route 8 in rural Winchester to Interstate Route 91 in Windsor. Route 20 consists of two distinct sections: a long, winding, scenic rural road, and a section of the freeway linking I-91 to Bradley International Airport.
Route description
Route 20 begins at an intersection with Route 8 in Winchester and heads northeastward to Barkhamsted. It then cuts across the northwest corner of Barkhamsted to Hartland. In Hartland, Route 20 continues northeastward to meet Route 181, then turns north to curve around the Barkhamsted Reservoir. East of the reservoir, it turns southeast to meet Route 179 and continues into Granby. In Granby, Route 20 continues southeastward to meet Route 219, then turns eastward to briefly overlap Route 189 and cross US 202 and Route 10 before leaving Route 189 and continuing into East Granby.
In East Granby, Route 20 continues eastward to meet Route 187, then turns southeastward along the boundary of Bradley International Airport to meet the Bradley Airport Connector at the Windsor Locks town line. At this point, Route 20 joins the Bradley Airport Connector freeway. It continues southeastward along the Windsor Locks-Windsor town line, intersecting with Route 75 before ending at an intersection with I-91 at the southern tip of Windsor Locks.
The portion of Route 20 within East Granby is known as the Connecticut Air National Guard Memorial Highway. The Bradley Airport Connector is also known as the 82nd Airborne Memorial Highway.
History
In 1922, the alignment of modern Route 20 was designated as two separate state highways: Highway 133 from Route 8 in Colebrook to Route 10 in Granby, and Highway 343 from Route 187 in East Granby to Route 159 in Windsor Locks. In the 1932 state highway renumbering, Route 20 was established as a single route incorporating old Highways 133 and 343, with an additional extension east of the Connecticut River along old Highway 105 (modern Route 190) to Stafford Springs (ending at what was then Route 15). Route 20 crossed the Connecticut River on Bridge Street and overlapped US 5 into Thompsonville.
The Barkhamsted Reservoir was filled in the 1940s causing Route 20 to be relocated to go around the north end of the reservoir. Route 20 was also shifted southward near Windsor Locks around the same time to make way for an air base, which is now Bradley International Airport. The relocation of Route 15 in 1948 to the new Wilbur Cross Highway (then a four lane surface road) also resulted in an eastward extension of Route 20 to end at the new highway.
The Bradley Airport Connector, an expressway connecting the airport to I-91, was constructed and opened to traffic in 1961. When the new expressway opened, Route 20 was relocated to use most of the Connector and was truncated to end at I-91. Route 140 was extended west across the Connecticut River to use the former Route 20 alignment in Windsor Locks and Route 190 was extended east to use the former alignment between Enfield and Union.
Expansion of Route 20
Since the 1960s, it was suggested that the connector be elongated to serve other northern Connecticut towns. The highway would extend westward to U.S. Route 44 in Barkhamsted and go eastward over I-91 and along Route 190 to I-84. This proposal never went anywhere. Another similar proposal was made in 1967. This one stated that the expressway would go west into Granby center and east to I-84. This proposal also never followed through.
Major junctions
References
External links
CT-20 Expressway
Connecticut Route 20
CT 20 (Greater New York Roads)
020
Transportation in Hartford County, Connecticut
Transportation in Litchfield County, Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut%20Route%2020 |
Indy Men's Magazine was a 50,000 circulation glossy magazine that covered sports, business, travel, health, food, drink and more for Indianapolis and beyond. The magazine was based in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was chosen as one of the significant magazine launches. It existed between 2002 and 2007.
History and profile
Founded in 2002 by Todd Tobias (son of former Eli Lilly and Company CEO Randall L. Tobias), the editor of Indy Men's Magazine was Lou Harry. Among contributors were such notables as novelist Michael Kun, Esquire magazine writer Tom Chiarella, fiction writers Dan Barden, David Gerrold and William F. Nolan, Indy car driver Arie Luyendyk and "teletherapist" Dr. Will Miller. Its May 2003 issue featured an original cover by artist Peter Max. The magazine was part of Table Moose Media LLC. It was published monthly and was distributed free of charge. In 2004 Timothy S. Durham invested in the magazine.
It featured lengthy interviews with such notables as Larry Bird, Karl Malden, NPR's Steve Inskeep and Tony Dungy.
It focused on a wide variety of topics including parenting, family relationships, fashion advice for the average guy, current events in sports, and consumer information. It rarely had articles that were patently sexual. It also published original fiction in every issue. Around the time of the publication of the Swimsuit Issue by Sports Illustrated it featured a parody, for example, one year it featured the "Earmuff Issue" with models in bikinis wearing earmuffs. The final issue was May 2007.
References
2002 establishments in Indiana
2007 disestablishments in Indiana
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Free magazines
Lifestyle magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 2002
Magazines disestablished in 2007
Magazines published in Indianapolis
Men's magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indy%20Men%27s%20Magazine |
The Sind Club is the exclusive members-only club located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It was started in 1871 and is one of the oldest clubs in Pakistan.
History
The construction of club was started in 1883. It was inaugurated in 1876.
The club was designed by Colonel Le Mesurier.
Design
A competition was held to select the best design for the club. Richard Burton had warned against the use of Gothic architecture for the club building. Having seen Frere Hall he had said: "the Veneto-Gothic, so fit for Venice, so unfit for Karachi. It is to be hoped that the new club will not adopt Veneto-Gothic." Since limited funds were available for the new club building, a design prepared by a committee member, Le Mesurier, was chosen. When completed, Le Mesurier's building was considered a "princely residence". The first of the Sind Club buildings, which now houses the ladies bar and the dining room, was designed in a southern Italian style. The building suits comfortably in its spacious grounds, its facade employing simple arcading which is composed of semi-circular openings on the ground and first floors, and terminates in pitched roofs.
The other blocks, which were constructed later, generally follow the Indo-Italianate style of the original structure. The club buildings are provided with a generous back set from the road, creating a feeling of exclusiveness and inaccessibility, even though the architectural style is informal and does not rely on pediments and porticoes for effect.
Gentlemen's Club
The Sind Club was exclusively a men's club. Women were only allowed in to attend a ladies' dinner held every two months and the celebrated Sind Club Ball organized once a year. Until 1950 when the Prime Minister of Pakistan lived across the road, the Sind Club was still used almost exclusively by Europeans.
The sign "Women and dogs not allowed" was removed only a day after Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah took his oath as Governor-General of Pakistan on August 14, 1947.
Native membership
The first Pakistani members joined the club in 1952. These included Syed Wajid Ali, Colonel Iskander Mirza and Cowasjee Rustom Fakirjee. It took almost two decades before a Pakistani, Masud Karim, became president of the club in 1965. Since then, however, many of Pakistan's social elite have become members.
Female members
Although women are still not allowed to become members in their own right, they can enter and use the club facilities as wives, daughters and guests of members. In addition, a member's widow can continue using the club after the death of her spouse.
Facilities
Facilities at the Sind Club include a swimming pool; tennis and squash courts; a walking track; a billiards room; an outdoor barbecue; a full bakery; a sauna; guest rooms and a newly built fitness centre.
See also
Punjab Club
List of India's gentlemen's clubs
Karachi Parsi Institute (formerly Parsi Gymkhana)
Karachi Gymkhana
Lahore Gymkhana
Hindu Gymkhana, Karachi
References
External links
The Sind Club - Official website
Clubs and societies in Pakistan
Gentlemen's clubs in Pakistan
Sports clubs and teams in Pakistan
Sports venues in Karachi
Heritage sites in Karachi
1883 establishments in British India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sind%20Club |
Amandla!: A Revolution in Four-Part Harmony is a 2002 documentary film depicting the struggles of black South Africans against the injustices of Apartheid through the use of music. The film takes its name from the Zulu and Xhosa word amandla, which means power.
The film was produced by Sherry Simpson Dean, Desiree Markgraaff and Lee Hirsch. Simpson Dean and Hirsch also produced the film's soundtrack of the same name. The collection of authentic South African "Freedom Songs" was executive produced by Dave Matthews and his label ATO Records.
Synopsis
South African musicians, playwrights, poets and activists recall the struggle against apartheid from the 1940s to the 1990s that stripped black citizens of South Africa of basic human rights, and the important role that music played in that struggle. The documentary uses a mixture of interviews, musical performances and historical film footage. Among the South Africans who take part are Miriam Makeba, Abdullah Ibrahim, Hugh Masekela, Vusi Mahlasela and others.
The freedom songs heard in the film have an important historical context. Particularly in the United States, freedom songs have referred to protest songs of the abolitionist, civil rights, and labor movements. Yet, in South Africa, the songs take on a different meaning, referring to a unique collection of songs tied to the struggle for racial equality during the 20th century. Stylistically, freedom songs originated in choir as a unifying and prevalent genre that combined southern African signing traditions with Christian hymns. Most of the songs have simple melodies and are sung a cappella. More importantly, they are composed and sung in groups, and often reflect changing political circumstances and attitudes.
The film is bookmarked by the exhumation of the remains of Vuyisile Mini, trade union organizer, member of the African National Congress, and composer of "Beware Verwoerd" and other protest songs. Mini was executed by the apartheid regime in 1964.
Awards
The film won the Audience Award and the Freedom of Expression Award at the 2002 Sundance Film Festival, where it was also nominated for the Grand Jury Prize. It also won awards at several other film festivals, including those in Telluride, Colorado, Durban International Film Festival, South Africa, and Sydney, Australia.
Soundtrack
"AMANDLA!", Protest meeting, Johannesburg
"When You Come Back", Vusi Mahlasela
"Lizobuya", Mbongeni Ngema
"Meadowlands", Nancy Jacobs and sisters
"Sad Times", Bad Times, The Original Cast of King Kong
"Senzeni Na?", Vusi Mahlasela & Harmonious Serenade Choir
"Beware Verwoerd (Naants’ Indod’ Emnyama)", Miriam Makeba
"Y’zinga", Robben-Island Prison Singers
"Stimela", Hugh Masekela
"Injamblo/Hambani Kunye Ne – Vangeli", Pretoria Central Prison
"Mannenberg", Abdullah Ibrahim
"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika", Soweto Community Hall
"Thina Lomhlaba Siwugezi", Vusi Mahlasela
"Mayibuye", Vusi Mahlasela
"Thina Sizwe", SABC Choir
"Folk Vibe No. 1", Tananas
"Dabula Ngesi'bam", Soweto Community Hall
"Sobahiya Abazali Ekhaya", Amandla Group
"Bring Him Back Home (Nelson Mandela)", Hugh Masekela
"Did You Hear That Sound? (Dreamtime Improv)", Abdullah Ibrahim
"S'bali", Joe Nina
"Makuliwe", Soweto Community HalL
"Bahleli Bonke", Miriam Makeba
"Kuzobenjani Na?", Vusi Mahlasela
"You Strike The Rock...", Sophie Mgcina and Dolly Rathebe
"The Untold Story", Sibongile Khumalo with Themba Mkhize
"Iyo", Harmonious Serenade Choir
"Usilethela Uxolo (Nelson Mandela Brings Us Peace)", The African National Congress Choir
"Toyi - Toyi Introduction/Kramat", Abdullah Ibrahim
References
External links
Documentary films about apartheid
2002 films
Documentary films about African music
Opposition to apartheid in South Africa
2000s English-language films
Zulu-language films
Films shot in South Africa
2002 soundtrack albums
Documentary film soundtracks
Artisan Entertainment films
Sundance Film Festival award-winning films
+
South African documentary films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amandla%21%3A%20A%20Revolution%20in%20Four-Part%20Harmony |
is an order of "professional disqualification" under German law. Berufsverbot may be translated into English as "professional ban".
A disqualifies the recipient from engaging in certain professions or activities on the grounds of their criminal record, political convictions or membership in a particular group.
The in National Socialist Germany
Pursuant to a 1933 law (the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service), many Jews, artists, political opponents, and others were prohibited by the National Socialist government in Germany from engaging in certain professions.
Post-World War II
After 1945, the allied authorities in West Germany issued orders against certain political filmmakers, such as Leni Riefenstahl, who got a lifelong Berufsverbot.
1972 Anti-Radical Decree
On 28 January 1972 the federal government and the premiers of the states instituted the so-called (Anti-Radical Decree). Under this decree, people who were considered to be a member or aligned to an extremist organization, were banned from work as civil servants (), which includes a variety of public sector occupations such as teaching. The decree was declared as response to terrorism by the Red Army Faction.
is the common name for the decree by people who opposed it, because they claim it contradicts the freedom of occupational choice guaranteed by the Basic Law of Germany. Law experts do not use the term for these cases as the decree does not forbid by itself.
The law was applied unevenly after 1979, and many of the states of Germany repealed the relevant legislation. The Landtag of Lower Saxony published a condemnation of the Berufsverbot practice. Other states, like Bavaria, still apply the decree.
Treatment under Council of Europe law
In at least one case (Vogt v. Germany, 1995), the European Court of Human Rights found Germany in breach of its responsibilities to a citizen (, a dismissed teacher who was an active member of the German Communist Party) under Article 10 (right to freedom of expression) and Article 11 (right to freedom of assembly and association) of the European Convention on Human Rights. The government subsequently settled with her, providing compensation for her time without full earnings, topping up her pension rights for that period, as well as other modest damages and costs.
See also
Disbarment
References
Bulletin of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany no. 15 of 3 February 1972, p. 142
Vogt v. Germany, European Court of Human Rights, sitting as a Grand Chamber in Strasbourg, main judgement delivered 2 September 1995. Case number 7/1994/454/535. Application number 17851/91.
External links
the 1972 Anti-Radical Decree
a chronology of the events in the Michael Csaszkóczy case, 2001-2006 from an anti-Berufsverbote site
Civil services
German labour law
Red Army Faction
Political repression in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berufsverbot |
Ömerli, formerly known as Amara, is a neighbourhood of the municipality and district of Halfeti, Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey. Its population is 545 (2022).
The village is the birthplace of Abdullah Öcalan, the leader of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), who was born there on April 4, 1949. Every year on his birthday thousands of Kurds celebrate his birthday. On April 4, 2009, a group of 3,000 Kurds was marching towards Amara to celebrate Öcalans 60th birthday. The march was interrupted by Turkish authorities resulting in clashes. Two men lost their lives.
Notable people
Abdullah Öcalan (*1949), Founder of the Kurdistan Workers' Party
Osman Öcalan (1958-2021), Kurdish Military commander.
Ömer Öcalan (*1987), politician of the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) and a current member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey
References
Kurdish settlements in Turkey
Neighbourhoods in Halfeti District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96merli%2C%20Halfeti |
John Theodore Goddard (1879–27 November 1952) was an English solicitor and founder of the law firm Theodore Goddard (TG) based in London. The firm merged with Addleshaw Booth & Co on 1 May 2003 to become Addleshaw Goddard. Goddard was appointed by Wallis Simpson as an adviser to her during divorce proceedings and in relation to her involvement during the United Kingdom abdication Crisis of 1936.
Origins
Born Highbury, London in 1879, according to census data John Theodore Goddard lived at 106 Highbury New Park, London in 1901 with his widowed mother and siblings. At the age of 22 he was a solicitor's articled clerk. Later he lived at Hewitt's Farm, now "The Farmhouse" public house in Langshott Lane, Horley.
As a young man of 24, Goddard founded the practice of Theodore Goddard & Co in 1902. For some years, he practised on his own account from offices in Clement's Inn, close by the Law Courts. Working the London court circuit as a litigator, his reputation soon enabled him to attract as a valuable client the newly created office of The Public Trustee. With the growth of the practice, he moved to new offices in Sergeant's Inn in the Temple area of London in 1917.
Growth of the practice
Over the next 30 years, there was further progress and by 1946 the firm of Theodore Goddard & Co had eight partners. John Theodore Goddard become known nationwide when, in 1936, he was instructed by Mrs Wallis Simpson (the late Duchess of Windsor) to act for her in her divorce proceedings. When King Edward VIII's intention to marry Mrs Simpson became known, Goddard became closely involved, at the behest of Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, in the delicate abdication negotiations.
Role in the abdication
Following Mrs Simpson's divorce hearing on 27 October 1936, Goddard became concerned that there would be a "patriotic" citizen's intervention (a legal device to block the divorce), and that such an intervention would be successful. The courts could not grant a divorce by consent of both parties, and so the case was being handled as if it were an undefended at-fault divorce brought against Mr Simpson, with Mrs Simpson as the innocent, injured party. The divorce action would fail if the citizen's intervention showed that Mrs Simpson had colluded with her husband by, for example, conniving in or staging the appearance of his adultery so that she could marry someone else. On 7 December 1936, the King heard that Goddard planned to fly to the south of France to see his client. The King summoned him and expressly forbade him to make the journey, fearing the visit might put doubts in Mrs Simpson's mind. Goddard went straight to Downing Street to see Baldwin, as a result of which he was provided with an aeroplane to take him directly to Cannes.
Upon his arrival, Goddard warned his client that a citizen's intervention, should it arise, was likely to succeed. It was, according to Goddard, his duty to advise her to withdraw her divorce petition. Mrs Simpson refused, but they both telephoned the King to inform him that she was willing to give him up so that he could remain King. It was, however, too late; the King had already made up his mind to go even if he could not marry Mrs Simpson. Indeed, as the belief that the abdication was inevitable gathered strength, Goddard stated that: "[his] client was ready to do anything to ease the situation but the other end of the wicket [Edward VIII] was determined".
Goddard had a weak heart and had never flown before and so asked his doctor, William Kirkwood, to accompany him on the trip. As Kirkwood was a resident at a maternity hospital, his presence led to false speculation that Mrs Simpson was pregnant, and even that she was having an abortion. The press excitedly reported that the solicitor had flown to Mrs Simpson accompanied by a gynaecologist and an anaesthetist (who was actually the lawyer's clerk).
The practice generally
In 1941, the offices suffered a direct hit during a Blitz air raid and were completely destroyed, together with most of the firm's records and clients' papers. The firm then relocated to New Court, immediately behind the Law Courts, which remained its home until its move to the City of London in 1965.
John Theodore Goddard retired as Senior Partner in 1950 and died in 1952. However, the 1950s saw a period of further growth through amalgamation with, in particular, the City firm of Deacons & Pritchard (founded in 1834) and the firm of Rhys Roberts & Co (founded in 1883 by future Prime Minister David Lloyd George, a partner of the firm until his Parliamentary duties grew too burdensome).
The firm developed as a balanced general practice, with an emphasis on private client work. The firm was again caught up in one of the biggest political scandals in Britain in the 20th century (the Profumo affair). In 1963, then senior partner Derek Clogg was instructed by John Profumo. The solicitor was referred to in the Hansard transcripts of the House of Commons as "a solicitor of the highest reputation and widest experience" who "has had great experience in cases dealing with libel, with divorce and all those matters where human frailty and possible lying may come into account". The firm was similarly described as being "a very well known firm of London solicitors". However, in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Theodore Goddard & Co. attracted many company clients and the commercial side of the practice grew rapidly.
This led to the decision in 1965 to concentrate on this work and move to offices in St. Martin's Le Grand in the City of London.
Company, commercial and international work continued to increase during the next 20 years, by which time it had become the predominant part of the practice.
By the end of the 1980s the London office had grown to a total of over 300 staff with over 40 partners. This made it necessary to move offices again in 1990, this time to offices at 150 Aldersgate Street (which continued to form part of the London network of offices operated by the merged firm Addleshaw Goddard see below).
The 1990s, 2000s and the merger
During the expansion of the practice throughout the 1990s, the firm at times experimented with international associate offices in Prague, Warsaw, Brussels and Paris amongst others. For a short time, there was also a small office run out of St. Albans.
Theodore Goddard continued to retain a strong media and entertainment law practice alongside a private client capability (including private tax work for members of The Rolling Stones, David Bowie and others, and defamation lawyers) at a time when many City law firms were divesting themselves of such business areas and concentrating on pure corporate matters. This diversity occasionally gave rise to high-profile cases involving celebrities including the firm's instruction in relation to the Hello! magazine dispute over photographs of Catherine Zeta-Jones's wedding to Michael Douglas and its appointment by Michael Jackson to advise on the controversial Living with Michael Jackson documentary.
Toward the end of the 1990s and the early part of the 21st century, the firm was linked to a succession of potential merger targets including a rejected offer from Eversheds in 1993 and a proposed tri-partite amalgamation in 1998 with Richards Butler and Denton Hall. However, following a third failed merger attempt in 2001, this time with Salans Hertzfeld & Heilbronn, the firm's credibility as a viable partnership was beginning to be called into question in both the legal press and the wider profession.
Consequently, in early 2003 (101 years after the firm was founded) following an approach by North of England firm Addleshaw Booth & Co, the fourth proposed merger was approved with very little resistance from the partnership. Five years on, the merger was described as "the most successful law firm merger since 2000". As of 2010 the merged firm of Addleshaw Goddard continued to operate out of offices in Leeds, Manchester and London.
References
External links
BBC website 1936 Abdication Timeline
Addleshaw Goddard website
Defunct law firms of the United Kingdom
Divorce law in the United Kingdom
English solicitors
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Law firms established in 1902
1902 establishments in England
Abdication of Edward VIII
Law firms disestablished in 2003
2003 disestablishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Goddard |
Võnnu () is a small borough () in Tartu County, in Kastre Parish Estonia. It is located about southeast of the city of Tartu. Võnnu has a population of 552 (2011).
Võnnu was the administrative centre of Võnnu Parish.
Võnnu village and manor were first mentioned in 1341 as Wenden.
Notable sites
Jacob's Church of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church (originally constructed, 1232–1236) has been rebuilt several times, and is one of the largest churches in the Estonian countryside.
Notable people
Carl Eduard Körber (1802–1883), pastor and writer
Martin Körber (1817–1893), pastor, composer, writer and choir leader
Gustav Suits (1883–1956), poet; was born in Võnnu
References
External links
Kastre Parish
Boroughs and small boroughs in Estonia
Kreis Dorpat | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B5nnu |
The Stockholm International Film Festival () is an annual film festival held in Stockholm, Sweden. It was launched in 1990 and has been held every year since then during the second half of November.
The winning film in the international competition section is awarded the Bronze Horse (Bronshästen). At 7,3kg (16 lb) the Bronze Horse is the heaviest film award in the world. It is also a paraphrase on a national design icon, the Swedish Dala horse, and was created by artist Fredrik Swärd.
Since its start the Stockholm International Film Festival has focused on supporting new talents through competitions and scholarships. As many as a third of the films selected for the competition are made by a debuting director and by directors who have made fewer than three films.
In 2011 "The Stockholm Film Festival Feature Film Award" was inaugurated which funds a feature film for an unestablished female director. The aim for Stockholm International Film Festival is to broaden the selection of films in Sweden with creative new films of high quality and offer the visitor an orientation within modern film. With seminars, gala screenings, opportunities to meet actors and filmmakers during the festival, the festival strives to be central meeting point for filmmakers and film audiences in Sweden.
The festival is visited by hundreds of filmmakers and since its inception such celebrities as Dennis Hopper, Lauren Bacall, Gena Rowlands, Charlotte Rampling, Susan Sarandon, Ang Lee, Andrea Arnold, David Cronenberg, Roman Polanski, Terry Gilliam, David Lynch, Claire Denis, Elia Kazan, Céline Sciamma, Francis Ford Coppola, Wong Kar-Wai and Uma Thurman have visited the festival and met the audience at the cinemas.
The festival also organizes mobile film workshops for children and teenagers, screenings for festival members throughout the year as well as the Stockholm Film Festival Junior, an annual film festival for children and youth during the spring. The main goal of Stockholm Film Festival Junior is to provide access to quality film from every corner of the world for young audiences – films that otherwise would not reach the mainstream film repertoire. All screenings are free of charge for everyone between 6 and 19 years old.
Since 1990 the Stockholms International Film Festival is also the host of Summer Cinema, an outdoor cinema open to the public during August in Stockholm. Summer Cinema has taken place in different venues in the Swedish capital, for example Stockholm Olympic Stadium, Berzelii park and Rålambshovsparken.
History
Stockholm Film Festival was founded in 1990 by the three film enthusiasts Git Scheynius, Kim Klein and Ignas Shceynius. The first festival took place over four days, with its opening film being "Wild at Heart" by David Lynch. In 1994 the Stockholm Film Festival took a step into the digital age as the first film festival in the world with its own website.
Stockholm Film Festival celebrated its 20th anniversary in 2009 by screening films on a specially made ice screen in Kungsträdgården. Susan Sarandon, who attended the festival to receive the Stockholm Lifetime Achievement Award, helped to unveil the canvas before the screening of "The Rocky Horror Picture Show". At the festival's 30th anniversary celebration in 2019, several tons of ice were yet again transported from Torneälven, 1227 km to the capital to recreate the ice canvas in Kungsträdgården.
David Lynch visited the festival for the first time in 2003 to receive the Stockholm Lifetime Achievement Award, 13 years after "Wild at Heart" inaugurated the very first edition of the Stockholm Film Festival. According to reports, the director drank huge amounts of coffee in the lobby of the old Lydmar Hotel and was more than happy to talk to his fans in town. When director and actor Peter Fonda arrived at the festival as chairman of the jury in 2012, he made his entrance in style, escorted to the Skandia cinema by an entire motorcycle gang.
The Chinese artist and activist Ai Weiwei was part of the festival jury in 2013 but could not be present as he was under house arrest in his home country. He created the work of art "The Chair of Nonattendance" which was sent to Stockholm; an empty chair that is impossible to sit in. The collaboration inspired the establishment of the Stockholm Impact Award; one of the world's largest film prizes, which was awarded for the first time in 2015 in collaboration with the City of Stockholm. The prize is awarded to filmmakers who raise important societal issues.
In 2021 due to the covid pandemic Stockholm Film Festival pivoted to a hybrid model using a video-on-demand platform provided by Shift72. This initiative included a unique partnership with Polestar showing films on their Android Automotive system, creating the world’s first in-car film festival.
Awards
Bronze horse: Best film
The following films have received the top honour at the festival, the 7.3 kg Bronze Horse statute for best film.
Stockholm Lifetime Achievement Award
Stockholm Lifetime Achievement Award is given as an honour for a lifework within cinema.
1990 – Roger Corman
1991 – Dennis Hopper
1992 – Viveca Lindfors
1994 – Quentin Tarantino
1995 – Jean Paul Gaultier
1996 – Rod Steiger
1997 – Elia Kazan
1998 – Gena Rowlands
1999 – Roman Polanski
2000 – Lauren Bacall
2001 – Jean-Luc Godard
2002 – Erland Josephson
2003 – David Lynch
2004 – Oliver Stone
2005 – David Cronenberg
2006 – Lasse Hallström
2007 – Paul Schrader
2008 – Charlotte Rampling
2009 – Susan Sarandon
2010 – Harriet Andersson
2011 – Isabelle Huppert
2012 – Jan Troell
2013 – Claire Denis
2014 – Mike Leigh
2015 – Stephen Frears
2016 – Francis Ford Coppola
2018 – Mary Harron
2019 – Max von Sydow
2020 – Martin Scorsese and Isabella Rossellini
2021 – Jane Campion
2022 – Anthony Hopkins
Stockholm Visionary Award
Stockholm Visionary Award was instituted 2004 to note visionaries within modern film.
2004 – Todd Solondz
2005 – Terry Gilliam
2006 – Darren Aronofsky
2007 – Wes Anderson
2008 – Wong Kar-wai
2009 – Luc Besson
2010 – Gus Van Sant
2011 – Alejandro González Iñárritu
2012 – Jacques Audiard
2013 – Peter Greenaway
2014 – Roy Andersson
2015 – Yorgos Lanthimos
2016 – François Ozon
2018 – Asghar Farhadi
2019 – Céline Sciamma
2020 – Matteo Garrone
2021 – Joachim Trier
2022 – Sam Mendes
Stockholm Achievement Award
2012 – Willem Dafoe
2014 – Uma Thurman
2015 – Ellen Burstyn
2018 – Gunnel Lindblom
2019 – Payman Maadi
2020 – Viggo Mortensen
2021 – Kenneth Branagh and Robin Wright
2022 – Fares Fares
Audience Award
The peoples choice.
Rising Star Award
Prize is awarded to an actor who has made distinctive achievements in film and has the ability to become tomorrow's star. The purpose of the award is to highlight an actor early in their career.
2008 – Malin Crépin
2009 – Anastasios Soulis
2010 – Alicia Vikander
2011 – Malin Buska
2012 – Nermina Lukac
2013 – Adam Lundgren
2014 – Julia Ragnarsson
2015 – Aliette Opheim
2016 – Filip Berg
2017 – Gustav Lindh
2021 – Edvin Ryding
2022 – Sara Shirpey
References
External links
Stockholm International Film Festival
Tourist attractions in Stockholm
Annual events in Sweden
1990 establishments in Sweden
Film festivals established in 1990
Autumn events in Sweden | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm%20International%20Film%20Festival |
Energen Corporation was a company engaged in hydrocarbon exploration. In 2018, the company was acquired by Diamondback Energy.
, the company had of proved reserves, of which 58% was petroleum, 22% was natural gas, and 20% was and natural gas liquids and all of which were in the Permian Basin.
History
The company, originally called Alabama Gas Corporation, was spun off from Southern Natural Gas (later, Sonat Inc.) in 1953 as part of an antitrust agreement.
In 1985, the company was renamed Energen Corporation. Its subsidiaries included its natural gas utility division, Alagasco (Alabama Gas Corporation), which was sold in 2014, and its oil and gas exploration division, Taurus Exploration (later Energen Resources).
In 2002, Energen Resources acquired properties in the Permian Basin for $120 million in cash and $70 million in stock.
In 2003, Energen Resources acquired 93 billion cubic feet of gas equivalent of proved reserves in the San Juan Basin of New Mexico and southern Colorado for $39 million.
In 2004, Energen Resources acquired San Juan Basin coalbed methane properties from a private company for $273 million.
In 2009, the company acquired assets in the Permian Basin from Range Resources for $182 million.
In 2014, the company sold its natural gas utility business, Alabama Gas Corporation (Alagasco), to Laclede Group for $1.35 billion in cash and the assumption of $250 million in debt.
In 2015, the company sold the majority of its assets in the San Juan Basin for $395 million.
In 2018, the company was acquired by Diamondback Energy.
References
1979 establishments in Alabama
2018 mergers and acquisitions
Defunct oil companies of the United States
Energy companies established in 1979
Energy companies disestablished in 2018
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1979
Companies based in Birmingham, Alabama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energen |
Botev Peak ( ) is, at above sea level, the highest peak of the Balkan Mountains. It is located close to the geographic centre of Bulgaria, and is part of the Central Balkan National Park.
Until 1950, when it was renamed in honour of Bulgarian poet and revolutionary Hristo Botev, the peak was called Yumrukchal (Юмрукчал, from Ottoman Turkish Yumrukçal, 'a fist-like peak').
A weather station and a radio tower (opened on 10 July 1966) that covers 65% of the country are located on Botev Peak. The average temperature is in January and in July.
"Botev Peak" is the main facility of Bulgarian FM and TV broadcasting network. The situation at the top near the geographical center of Bulgaria contribute to national radio broadcasts and television broadcast here to cover more than 65% throughout the country, also in parts of Romania and Turkey.
The massif is mainly composed of granite rocks dating from the oligocene — a complex of medium acid volcanics — latites, andesites, shoshonites.
The flat ridge relief around Botev and Triglav is isolated with high slopes, which from the north (North Jendem) descend steeply from 2000 – 2200 m down, and from the south (South Jendem) — from 1800 – 1900 m.
Channels listed by frequency
Analogue radio
Digital television
Analogue television (prior to 2013)
See also
List of European ultra-prominent peaks
References
External links
Information and pictures from Predavatel.com (Bulgarian)
"Botev, Bulgaria" on Peakbagger
Towers in Bulgaria
Mountains of the Balkan mountains
Landforms of Plovdiv Province
Two-thousanders of Bulgaria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botev%20Peak |
Abura/Asebu/Kwamankese District is one of the twenty-two districts in Central Region, Ghana. Originally created as an ordinary district assembly in 1988, which was created from the former Mfantsiman District Council. The district assembly is located in the southwest part of Central Region and has Essakyir as its capital town.
History
The ancient Akan Asebu Kingdom was also situated in this District.
Demographics
As of the 2010 Ghana census. Abura-Asebu-Kwamankese District had a population of 117,185.
List of settlements
References
Central Region (Ghana)
Districts of the Central Region (Ghana) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abura/Asebu/Kwamankese%20District |
Zoo Quest is a series of multi-part nature documentaries broadcast on the BBC Television Service between 1954 and 1963. It was the first major programme to feature David Attenborough.
In each series, Attenborough travelled with staff from London Zoo to a tropical country to capture an animal for the zoo's collection (the accepted practice at the time). Although the programme was structured around the quest for the animal, it also featured film of other wildlife in the area and of the local people and their customs. Attenborough introduced each programme from the studio and then narrated the film his team had shot on location. At the end of each series, the animals the team had captured were introduced in the studio, where experts from the zoo discussed them.
With the exception of the original 1954 series (which survives as edited compilations repeated the following year), all episodes of Zoo Quest exist in the BBC Archives. The series was the most popular wildlife programme of its time in Britain, and established Attenborough's career as a nature documentary presenter.
Production
The seed for Zoo Quest was sown when Attenborough produced and presented a three-part nature programme, The Pattern of Animals, in the early 1950s. While researching animals for this programme, he befriended Jack Lester, the curator of the reptile house at London Zoo. Lester invited Attenborough to come along and film an expedition to Sierra Leone. In addition to capturing snakes for the zoo, Lester hoped to catch a white-necked rockfowl (Picathartes gymnocephalus), which had never been kept in a European zoo before. Attenborough, whose previous programmes had been studio-bound, was eager for a chance to film animals in the wild. He also thought the quest for the bird would make a compelling central story for the series. Attenborough and Lester were soon joined by a young Czech photographer, Charles Lagus, who would be Attenborough's cameraman and travelling companion throughout Zoo Quest'''s run. The team overcame the objections of BBC management to film the trip on 16mm film instead of the 35mm film that was then the corporation's standard. As a result, colour film stock was used, as it gave the best picture quality for the format. (The BBC did not begin colour broadcasting until 1967.)
The original plan was for Lester to present the studio portion of the programme, while Attenborough produced it. However, Lester developed an unknown tropical disease soon after returning from Africa, and was able to present only one installment before being taken into hospital. (After several recurrences of this illness Lester died in 1956 at the age of 47.) Because the programme had already been scheduled, Attenborough took over the presenter's role.
The first series, called simply Zoo Quest, gained viewers with each episode, and Attenborough found himself being stopped in the street and asked 'Are you going to catch that bird or not?'. Six sequels followed, each named according to its theme. For example, Zoo Quest for a Dragon featured the first ever television footage of the Komodo dragon, while Quest for the Paradise Birds was centred on the birds-of-paradise of New Guinea.
Attenborough wrote a book to accompany each series except the first. The books were later reprinted in abridged form as a two-volume set in the 1980s. Lagus also wrote two books inspired by the programme: Operation Noah's Ark and Benjamin, the Zoo Quest Bear.By the time Quest Under Capricorn was completed, Attenborough felt that the series had run its course. The practice of catching wild animals for zoos had also begun to fall out of favour as zoos became more aware of their environmental impact. (Today London Zoo only captures animals in the wild if a species is so endangered that a captive breeding programme is its only hope.) Attenborough spent the next eight years as an administrator, rising to become Controller of Programming of both BBC 1 and 2, at the BBC before returning to full-time programme-making with Eastwards with Attenborough in 1973.
Several episodes of Zoo Quest and Quest Under Capricorn are available to view on the BBC iPlayer Archives section.
Series
Zoo Quest (1954)
Zoo Quest to Guiana (1955) 6 episodes
Zoo Quest to West Africa (1955) 1 episode
Zoo Quest for a Dragon (1956) 6 episodes
Quest for the Paradise Birds (1957) 6 episodes
Zoo Quest in Paraguay (1959) 6 episodes
Zoo Quest to Madagascar (1961) 5 episodes
Quest Under Capricorn (1963) 6 episodes
Zoo Quest in Colour
In 2016, the BBC announced that footage of the first three expeditions had been unearthed by the BBC Natural History Unit that was found to have been shot in colour. At the time of the programme's inception in the 1950s, the BBC's film unit preferred 35mm film for use in television programmes. However, 35 mm cameras were often big and unwieldy, and Attenborough wished to use the more lightweight, handheld 16 mm film cameras for filming Zoo Quest abroad. The BBC eventually relented, but only on the condition that colour film stock was used, as it allegedly gave the best picture quality for the format. (The BBC did not begin routine colour broadcasting until 1967 at the earliest.) This film was then stored away and forgotten about, until 2015, when an archivist looking over the reels of film realised they were in colour.
As a result, a special programme, Zoo Quest in Colour, was screened on BBC Four on 17 May 2016. 90 minutes in duration, the programme uses footage from the first three episodes, featuring the best footage from Zoo Quest trips to West Africa and South America. It also includes the best scenes from Zoo Quest for a Dragon, in which a Komodo dragon was filmed in the wild for the first time. A few shots are in black and white, due to being filmed in low-light conditions on more sensitive black and white stock, and the programme also includes some of the framing black and white studio footage. All of the colour material was remastered direct from the original negative, and is therefore of much higher quality than the grainy and somewhat worn black and white kinescope film prints that had previously been used.
Attenborough said: "I was astonished when someone said we've got nearly all the film of the first three expeditions you did in colour. I said, 'it's impossible, we shot in black and white'." He then went on to recall the original reasoning for the use of colour film stock.
Music
The theme music was "Peter" from Peter and the Wolf, Op.67 (Prokofiev). The opening and closing music for the Paraguay programmes was "La Llegada" ("The Arrival"), composed by Enrique Samaniego the famous Paso Yobai harpist.
Books
By David Attenborough
Zoo Quest to Guiana (1956)
Zoo Quest for a Dragon (1957), reprinted the following year with an additional chapter of material from the Quest for the Paradise Birds series
Zoo Quest in Paraguay (1959)
Quest in Paradise (1960), an accompaniment to the anthropological TV series The People of Paradise and Quest for the Paradise Birds
Zoo Quest to Madagascar (1961)
Quest Under Capricorn (1963)
The Zoo Quest Expeditions (abridged combined volume of the first three books, 1980)
Journeys to the Past (abridged combined volume of the next three books, 1981)Zoo Quest for a Dragon, Quest in Paradise and Quest Under Capricorn were released as audiobooks between 2006 and 2008, read by Attenborough.
By Charles Lagus
Benjamin, the Zoo Quest Bear (1957)
Operation Noah's Ark'' (1960)
References
External links
David Attenborough's Zoo Quest in Colour
BBC Archives – David Attenborough collection
BBC television documentaries
Documentary films about nature
1950s British documentary television series
1960s British documentary television series
1954 British television series debuts
1963 British television series endings
Black-and-white British television shows
English-language television shows | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo%20Quest |
The CZ-G2000 is a handgun created by CZ-Guns Trade and exported by Arms Moravia. It can be chambered for 9×19mm Luger and .40 S&W with different magazine capacities. In Germany, it's known as the CUG-2000.
History
The pistol first made its public appearance in 1999 by Arms Moravia for Czech police trials. The CZ-G2000 made its debut at the IDEX-99 international military exhibit to show off to interested customers. It was only sold in the European commercial market from 1999 to 2005 before it made its disappearance with no further details.
Design
The construction of the CZ-G2000's body is from polymer. The pistol has undergone torture tests to withstand dirty and wet conditions without lubrication and increased temperatures and in temperatures below -40 °C.
Features
The CZ-G2000 operations based on the Browning design, operating on automatic lock recoil and a tilting barrel. Its hammer can either be used in single or double action. The trigger has a push power of 2.4 kg in single action and 4.9 kg in double action.
Safety
The pistol has a decocker, being the only safety device available. In addition, an automatic safety lock is also mounted on the firing pin. This blocks the hammer to prevent it from firing, being available only when the trigger is properly pushed.
Users
: Licensed under CAVIM as the Zamorana in 2005 and unveiled in 2006, created with some assistance from Czech engineers. It only has a capacity of 15 rounds in the 9×19mm caliber. It's to be adopted by local, municipal, state and national police forces.
References
Semi-automatic pistols of Czechoslovakia
9mm Parabellum semi-automatic pistols
.40 S&W semi-automatic pistols | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZ-G2000 |
Biodemography is a multidisciplinary approach, integrating biological knowledge (studies on human biology and animal models) with demographic research on human longevity and survival. Biodemographic studies are important for understanding the driving forces of the current longevity revolution (dramatic increase in human life expectancy), forecasting the future of human longevity, and identification of new strategies for further increase in healthy and productive life span.
Theory
Biodemographic studies have found a remarkable similarity in survival dynamics between humans and laboratory animals. Specifically, three general biodemographic laws of survival are found:
Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality
Compensation law of mortality
Late-life mortality deceleration (now disputed)
The Gompertz–Makeham law states that death rate is a sum of an age-independent component (Makeham term) and an age-dependent component (Gompertz function), which increases exponentially with age.
The compensation law of mortality (late-life mortality convergence) states that the relative differences in death rates between different populations of the same biological species are decreasing with age, because the higher initial death rates are compensated by lower pace of their increase with age.
The disputed late-life mortality deceleration law states that death rates stop increasing exponentially at advanced ages and level off to the late-life mortality plateau. A consequence of this deceleration is that there would be no fixed upper limit to human longevity — no fixed number which separates possible and impossible values of lifespan. If true, this would challenges the common belief in existence of a fixed maximal human life span.
Biodemographic studies have found that even genetically identical laboratory animals kept in constant environment have very different lengths of life, suggesting a crucial role of chance and early-life developmental noise in longevity determination. This leads to new approaches in understanding causes of exceptional human longevity.
As for the future of human longevity, biodemographic studies found that evolution of human lifespan had two very distinct stages – the initial stage of mortality decline at younger ages is now replaced by a new trend of preferential improvement of the oldest-old survival. This phenomenon invalidates methods of longevity forecasting based on extrapolation of long-term historical trends.
A general explanation of these biodemographic laws of aging and longevity has been suggested based on system reliability theory.
See also
Demography
Biodemography
Longevity
Life extension
List of life extension-related topics
Reliability theory of aging and longevity
References
Further reading
External links
Biodemography of Human Longevity — abstract of keynote lecture, p. 42. In: Inaugural International Conference on Longevity. Final Programme and Abstracts. Sydney Convention & Exhibition Centre. Sydney, Australia, March 5–7, 2004, 94 pp
Ageing
Gerontology
Medical aspects of death
Longevity | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodemography%20of%20human%20longevity |
The women's super-G of the 2006 Winter Olympics was held at San Sicario, Italy, on Monday, 20 February; it was delayed a day due to poor weather conditions.
Defending Olympic champion Daniela Ceccarelli was 37th in the current season's World Cup downhill standings, headed by Michaela Dorfmeister from Austria, followed by teammate Alexandra Meissnitzer. Anja Pärson of Sweden was defending world champion and was fourth in the current season's super-G standings.
Dorfmeister won the gold medal, Janica Kostelić of Croatia took the silver, and Meissnitzer was the bronze medalist; Pärson was twelfth and Ceccarelli was 31st. Dorfmeister had also won the downhill gold medal five days earlier, and Kostelic's medal was her sixth at the Olympics.
The Fraiteve Olympique course started at an elevation of above sea level with a vertical drop of and a course length of . Dorfmeister's winning time was 92.47 seconds, yielding an average course speed of , with an average vertical descent rate of .
Results
Monday, 20 February 2006
The race was started at 14:45 local time, (UTC +1). At the starting gate, the skies were mostly cloudy, the temperature was , and the snow condition was packed; the temperature at the finish was .
References
External links
Official Olympic Report
Results
FIS results
Super-G | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine%20skiing%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20super-G |
Ullerøy is a peninsula and urban area in the municipality of Sarpsborg in Østfold, Norway. As of 2009, the population was 363. Before 1992 Ullerøy was a part of Skjeberg municipality.
Ullerøy Church
Ullerøy Church (Ullerøy kirke) was finished in 1725. It was constructed of wood and seats 160 people. There is also a cemetery by the church.
Etymology
The Norse form of the name was Ullarøy. The first element is the genitive case of the name of the Norse god Ullr. The last element is øy, meaning "island". The former island was later turned into a peninsula because of post-glacial rebound. A neighbouring headland has the name Torsnes.
References
Villages in Østfold
Sarpsborg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uller%C3%B8y |
Ise is a village in Sarpsborg municipality, Norway. Its population is 733.
References
Villages in Østfold
Sarpsborg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise%2C%20Norway |
Stikkaåsen is a village in Sarpsborg municipality, Norway, located northwest of Sarpsborg city. Its population is 285. Before 1992, Stikkaåsen was a part of Tune municipality.
References
Villages in Østfold
Sarpsborg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stikka%C3%A5sen |
Minorities in Iraq include various ethnic and religious groups.
Kurds
The vast majority of Iraqi Kurds are Sunni Muslims, with Shia and Christian minorities.
Under the Kingdom of Iraq, Kurdish leader Mustafa Barzani led a rebellion against the central government in Baghdad in 1945. After the failure of the uprising Barzānī and his followers fled to the Soviet Union. In the 1960s, when Iraqi Brigadier Abdul-Karim Qassem distanced himself from Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, he faced growing opposition from pro-Egypt officers in the Iraqi army. When the garrison in Mosul rebelled against Qassem's policies, he allowed Barzānī to return from exile to help suppress the pro-Nasser rebels. By 1961, Barzānī and the Kurds began a full-scale rebellion.
When the Ba'ath Party took power in Iraq, the new government, in order to end the Kurdish revolt, granted the Kurds their own limited autonomy. However, for various reasons, including the pro-Iranian sympathies of some Kurds during the Iran–Iraq War in the 1980s, the regime implemented anti-Kurdish policies and a de facto civil war broke out. From March 29, 1987 until April 23, 1989, the infamous Al-Anfal campaign, a systematic genocide of the Kurdish people in Iraq, was launched. For this, Iraq was widely condemned by the international community, but was never seriously punished for oppressive measures, including the use of chemical weapons against the Kurds, which resulted in thousands of deaths.
After the Persian Gulf War, the Kurds began another uprising against the Ba'athists and established the autonomous Kurdistan Region in northern Iraq, which was never recognized by the Iraqi government until 2005. During the same year, Turkey, fighting Kurds on its on territory, bombed Kurdish areas in Northern Iraq, claiming that bases for the terrorist Kurdistan Workers Party were located in the region. However, the 2003 invasion of Iraq and the fall of Saddam, brought renewed hope to the Kurds. The Kurds have since been working towards developing the area and pushing for democracy in the country. However, most Kurds overwhelmingly favor becoming an independent nation. "In the January 2005 Iraqi elections, 98.7 percent of Kurds voted for full independence rather than reconciliation with Iraq." Almost no other political or social group in the region is agreeable to the idea of Kurdish independence. Iraq's neighboring countries such as Turkey are particularly opposed to the movement because they fear that an independent Iraqi Kurdistan would strengthen Kurdish independence movements in their own territories.
Nouri al-Maliki was at loggerheads with the leader of ethnic Kurds, who brandished the threat of secession in a growing row over the symbolic issue of flying the Iraqi national flag at government buildings in the autonomous Kurdish north. Maliki's Arab Shi'ite-led government was locked in a dispute with the autonomous Kurdish regional government, which has banned the use of the Iraqi state flag on public buildings. The prime minister issued a blunt statement on Sunday saying: "The Iraqi flag is the only flag that should be raised over any square inch of Iraq." But Mesud Barzani, president of the Iraqi Kurdistan region, told the Kurdish parliament the national leadership were "failures" and that the Iraqi flag was a symbol of his people's past oppression by Baghdad: "If at any moment we, the Kurdish people and parliament, consider that it is in our interests to declare independence, we will do so and we will fear no one." The dispute exposes a widening rift between Arabs and Kurds, the second great threat to Iraq's survival as a state after the growing sectarian conflict between Arab Sunnis and Shi'ites.
Turkmen
The Iraqi Turkmen are the third largest ethnic group in the country, after the Arabs and Kurds. They are a branch of the Turkic peoples and adhere to that heritage and identity, this is because most Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman are the descendants of the Ottoman soldiers, traders and civil servants who were brought into Iraq from Anatolia during the rule of the Ottoman Empire. Since the demise of the Ottoman Empire, the Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman have found themselves increasingly discriminated against from the policies of successive regimes, such as the Kirkuk Massacre of 1923, 1947, 1959, and in 1979 when the Ba'ath Party discriminated against the community. Although the Turks were recognized as a constitutive entity of Iraq (alongside the Arabs and Kurds) in the constitution of 1925, the Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman were later denied this status.
According to the 1957 Iraqi census the Turkmen/Turkoman had a population of 567,000, accounting for 9% of the total Iraqi population. By 2013, the Iraqi Ministry of Planning said that there were 3 million Turkmen/Turkoman, out of a population of 34.7 million, forming 8.65% of the population. The Turkmen/Turkoman minority mainly reside in northern and central Iraq, in the so-called Turkmeneli region – which is a political term used by the Turkmen/Turkoman to define the vast swath of territory in which they have historically had a dominant population. In particular, the Turkmen/Turkoman consider the capital of Turkmeneli to be Kirkuk and its boundaries also include Tal Afar, Mosul, Erbil, Mandali, and Tuz Khurmatu. According to Liam Anderson and Gareth Stansfield, the Turkmen/Turkoman note that the term "Turcomania" – an Anglicized version of "Turkmeneli" – appears on a map of the region published by William Guthrie in 1785, however, there is no clear reference to Turkmeneli until the end of the twentieth century. According to Khalil Osman there has been "a raft of federalist schemes" proposed by various Turkmen/Turkoman political parties.
The Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman share close cultural and linguistic ties with Turkey, particularly the Anatolian region. They are predominately Muslims, formed of a majority Sunni population (about 60%-70%) but there is also a significant number of Turkmen/Turkoman practicing the Shia branch of Islam (about 30% to 40%). Nonetheless, the Turkmen are mainly secular, having internalized the secularist interpretation practiced in the Republic of Turkey. The minority speak their own dialect of Turkish, which is often called "Turkmen". This dialect was influenced by Ottoman Turkish from 1534 onwards, but also by Persian during the brief capture of Baghdad in 1624; thereafter, in 1640, the Turkish varieties continued to be influenced by Ottoman Turkish, as well as other languages in the region, such as Arabic and Kurdish. Some linguists have suggested that the dialect spoken by Turkmen/Turkoman is similar to the South Azeri dialect used by the Turkish Yörük tribes in the Balkans and Anatolia. However, the Turkmen/Turkoman dialect is particularly close to the Turkish dialects of Diyarbakır and Urfa in south-eastern Turkey and Istanbul Turkish has long been the prestige dialect which has exerted a profound historical influence on their dialect. In addition, the Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman grammar differs sharply from Irano-Turkic varieties, such as South Azeri and Afshar types. In 1997 the Turkmen/Turkoman adopted the Turkish alphabet as the formal written language and by 2005 the community leaders decided that the Turkish language would replace the Arabic script in Iraqi schools. The current prevalence of satellite television and media exposure from Turkey may have also led to the standardisation of Turkmeni towards Turkish, and the preferable language for adolescents associating with the Turkish culture.
Christians
Christianity has a presence in Iraq dating to the 1st century AD. The Christian community in Iraq is relatively small, and further dwindled due to the Iraq War to just several thousands. Most Christians in Iraq belong traditionally to Syriac Orthodox Church, Chaldean Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East, and are concentrated in small cities in the Nineveh Plains, such as Alqosh, Tel Keppe, Ankawa, and Bartella.
Assyrians
The Akkadian influenced Aramaic-speaking Assyrians are the indigenous people of Iraq and descendants of those who ruled ancient Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia. More generally speaking, the Assyrians (like the Mandeans) are descendants of the ancient Mesopotamians (Sumer, Akkad, Assyria, Babylon, Adiabene, Osroene and Hatra). They speak dialects of the Aramaic of the Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and have their own written script. They began to convert to Christianity in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD formerly having followed the ancient Sumerian-Akkadian religion (also known as Ashurism). There are believed to be no more than 500,000 Assyrians remaining in Iraq, with a large concentration in the diaspora. They are Iraq's fourth largest ethnic group after the Arabs, the Kurds and the Iraqi Turkmen.
The Assyrian minority came under persecution during Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist regime. When Hussein first assumed power, the Assyrian population there numbered 2 million to 2.5 million. Many have fled to neighboring countries such as Jordan and Syria, or have emigrated to Europe and the U.S. The United Nations High Commission for Refugees reports that half a million Iraqi Christians have registered for temporary asylum in Syria. Assyrians have traditionally made good soldiers, during the Iran–Iraq War, many were recruited to the armies of both sides.
Currently, Assyrians face persecution from Kurds, as Kurdification attempts at Assyrian cities are in progress. This was after the Kurdish takeover of Assyrian towns in the Kurdistan region (such as Zakho, Ainkawa, Aqrah, etc.) and the forceful deportation and killing of Christians in that area.
The Assyrian Security force Nineveh Plain Protection Units Currently run the security in many Towns and Villages in the Nineveh Plains
Armenians
The Armenians are Orthodox Christians. Armenians have a long history of association with Mesopotamia, going back to pre-Christian times. The Armenians have historically been a thriving community in Iraq with football clubs (Nadi Armeni) and other establishments. Armenian folk music and dance is admired in Iraq. Most Iraqi Armenians live in Baghdad, Mosul, and Basra and their population is estimated at around 10,000 down from 70,000 before the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Other groups
Feylis
Feylis are a distance ethnic Kurdish group who live near the Iraq-Iran border, in Wasit, Diyala, Maysan. There are also big Feyli community in Baghdad. In the mid 1970s, Iraq expelled around 40,000 Feyli's who had lived for generations near Baghdad and Khanaqin, alleging that they were Iranian nationals. However, since 2003 many Feyli kurds have returned to Iraq and been granted Iraqi citizenship.
Jews
Although historically significant, the Jewish community of Iraq today is very small in number. Almost all Iraqi Jews were transferred to Israel in the early 1950s in Operation Ezra and Nehemiah.
Mandaeans
Mandaeans, also known as Sabians (a Quranic epithet historically claimed by several religious groups) and (in Arabic) as , are one of the smallest ethno-religious groups in the world, with only about 75,000 followers worldwide. The oldest independent confirmation of Mandaean existence in the region is Kartir's inscription at Ka'ba-ye Zartosht and there is archaeological evidence that attests to the Mandaean presence in pre-Islamic Iraq. The Mandaeans were originally native speakers of Mandaic, an Eastern Aramaic language, before many switched to colloquial Iraqi Arabic.
The Iraqi Mandaean community, in the pre-1990 Gulf War period, was the most important in the world with 30,000–50,000 of the 70,000 total living in the country mainly in the area around the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Mandaeans, although an ethnic and religious minority, consider themselves Iraqi and have supported the Iraqi nation patriotically. They were considered an economically successful community, and had achieved high levels in Iraqi society, and are held in high regard as silversmiths, goldsmiths, academics and poets.
Marsh Arabs
The Marsh Arabs or Ma'dãn are a group of Arabs who number 125,000 to 150,000 who live in the Mesopotamian Marshes in southern Iraq.
Kaka'is
The Kaka'is are a small Kurdish religious group who located mainly in and around Kirkuk in northern Iraq.
Shabaks
There are about 60,000–400,000 Shabaks in Iraq. They are an ethnic and religious minority, retaining their own distinct Pre Islamic religion. They are an Indo-European (Aryan) people and speak an Indo-European language with elements of Turkish and Arabic infused. The Shabak's origin are not well-known, many notables such as Anastas Al-Karmali have argued that the Shabak People were of Kurdish origins. The Encyclopaedia of Islam's 'First Edition' from 1913-1936, states that the Shabaks are "a religious community of Kurdish origin in the wilāyet of Mawṣil."
Despite having their own language and culture unique from other groups, Kurdish authorities have attempted to Kurdify the Shabaks by occupying Shabak villages and referring to them as "Kurdish Shabaks". In 2005, two Assyrians were killed and four Shabaks were wounded by the KDP during a demonstration organized by the Democratic Shabak Coalition, a group which wants separate representation for the Shabak community.
Roma (Gypsy)
Iraq's Roma (Kawliya) ethnic minority was looked down upon as second-class citizens under Ba'ath party rule.
Ezidis
Today, there are around 650,000 Yezidis in Iraq who live in northern parts of Iraq. All speak Kurdish with the exception of the two villages Bashiqa and Bahzani, located near Mosul. Most Yezidis live in southern Kurdistan (Northern Iraq, the Sheikhan area near Mosul, the Sinjar mountains), southwestern Kurdistan (Northern Syria), northwestern Kurdistan (southeastern Turkey), as well as in Armenia, Georgia, Russia, the Ukraine, the USA, Germany and other countries of Western Europe. the majority consider themselves ethnically Kurdish, although Yazidis are religiously distinct from Iraq's predominantly Sunni Kurdish population. Yezidism has roots in a western Pre-Zoroastrian religion
Africans
The Iraqis of largely African descent live mostly around the city of Basra, having been brought to the region as slaves over one thousand years ago to work the sugarcane plantations then in existence. Although they are Muslims and Arabic-speakers, Afro-Iraqis also retain some cultural and religious traditions from their ancestral homeland. They suffer considerable discrimination due to their race, and, as a result, are restricted to working as entertainers or menial laborers. Moreover, they are often addressed by other Iraqis as 'abd, meaning "slave". In the mid-9th century, black slaves around Basra rose in a rebellion, conquering their former masters and ruling the city for 15 years before being put down by forces sent by the Caliph in Baghdad. After the fall of the Saddam Hussein regime, Afro-Iraqis have once again begun to struggle for an improvement in their condition.
Ajam (Persians)
Baháʼís
Bedouin
Circassians
Assaults on minority Groups since 2003
In August 2014, ISIL attempted ethnic cleansing against the Yezidis and Assyrians.
In total, 40 churches have been bombed since June 26, 2004.
August 10, 2009: Truck bombs kill at least 28 people in the Shabak village of Khazna, in Nineveh governorate
June 20, 2009: Truck bomb kills at least 70 people in a Turkmen village near Kirkuk
Chaldean Catholic Archbishop Paulos Faraj Rahho was kidnapped on February 23, 2008. Three of his companions were also murdered during the kidnapping. His body was found in March, and an Iraqi Al-Qaeda leader, Ahmed Ali Ahmed, known as Abu Omar, was sentenced to death in May for this crime.
January 9, 2008: 2 Assyrian churches bombed in Kirkuk.
January 6, 2008: 7 Assyrian churches bombed: three churches in Mosul and four in Baghdad.
August 14, 2007: Bombing of Qahtaniya and Jazeera - killed 796 people and wounded 1,562, targeting the Yazidi minority.
June 4, 2007: 2 churches attacked, Ragheed Ganni, a priest, and three men were shot dead in church.
October 2006: Orthodox priest, Boulos Iskander, kidnapped in Mosul and subsequently beheaded, and his arms and legs were cut off.
January 29, 2006: 4 churches bombed.
January 2005: Syriac Catholic Archbishop of Mosul, Basile Georges Casmoussa, kidnapped on January 17 and released.
December 7, 2004: 2 churches bombed.
November 8, 2004: 1 church bombed.
October 16, 2004: 5 churches bombed.
September 10 and 11th, 2004: 2 churches bombed.
August 1, 2004: 5 Assyrian and 1 Armenian churches bombed.
See also
Politics of Iraq
Demographics of Iraq
History of Iraq
References
External links
Still Targeted: Continued Persecution of Iraq's Minorities, Report by Minority Rights Group International
Iraqi Minorities Council
Assimilation, Exodus, Eradication: Iraq's minority communities since 2003, Report by Minority Rights Group International
The Constitution of Iraq: Religious and Ethnic Relations, Study by Minority Rights Group International
Iraq | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minorities%20in%20Iraq |
Vuku is a village in the municipality of Verdal in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Helgåa and Inna where they become the Verdalselva river. The village is about west of the village of Vera and about east of the town of Verdalsøra. Vuku is also a parish covering the central part of Verdal municipality, with Vuku Church located in this village.
The village has a population (2018) of 226 and a population density of .
In the late 1800s, a group of parish members immigrated to the United States, where they established a sister church in what is now Foxhome, Minnesota. In 2015, the members of the Minnesotan Vukku Lutheran Church celebrated 125 years of history.
Former Premier League footballer John Olav Hjelde grew up in Vuku and played for Vuku until he was signed by Rosenborg, then the biggest club in Norway.Later he got signed by Nottingham Forest.
References
Verdal
Villages in Trøndelag | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuku |
The Third Party System was a period in the history of political parties in the United States from the 1850s until the 1890s, which featured profound developments in issues of American nationalism, modernization, and race. This period, the later part of which is often termed the Gilded Age, is defined by its contrast with the eras of the Second Party System and the Fourth Party System.
It was dominated by the new Republican Party, which claimed success in saving the Union, abolishing slavery and enfranchising the freedmen, while adopting many Whig-style modernization programs such as national banks, railroads, high tariffs, homesteads, social spending (such as on greater Civil War veteran pension funding), and aid to land grant colleges. While most elections from 1876 through 1892 were extremely close, the opposition Democrats won only the 1884 and 1892 presidential elections (the Democrats also won the popular vote in the 1876 and 1888 presidential elections, but lost the electoral college vote), though from 1875 to 1895 the party usually controlled the United States House of Representatives and controlled the United States Senate from 1879–1881 and 1893–1895. Some scholars emphasize that the 1876 election saw a realignment and the collapse of support for Reconstruction.
The northern and western states were largely Republican, except for the closely balanced New York, Indiana, New Jersey, and Connecticut. After 1876, the Democrats took control of the "Solid South".
Voter behavior
As with the preceding Second Party System era, the Third was characterized by intense voter interest, routinely high voter turnout, unflinching party loyalty, dependence on nominating conventions, hierarchical party organizations, and the systematic use of government jobs as patronage for party workers, known as the spoils system. Cities of 50,000 or more developed ward and citywide "bosses" who could depend on the votes of clients, especially recent immigrants. Newspapers continued to be the primary communication system, with the great majority closely linked to one party or the other.
Broad coalitions from each party
Both parties consisted of broad-based voting coalitions. Throughout the North, businessmen, shop owners, skilled craftsmen, clerks and professionals favored the Republicans, as did more modern, commercially oriented farmers. In the South, the Republicans won strong support from the freedmen (newly enfranchised African Americans), but the party was usually controlled by local whites ("scalawags") and opportunistic Yankees ("carpetbaggers"). The race issue pulled the great majority of white southerners into the Democratic Party as Redeemers.
The Democratic Party was dominated by conservative, pro-business Bourbon Democrats, who usually controlled the national convention from 1868 until their great defeat by William Jennings Bryan in 1896. The Democratic coalition was composed of traditional Democrats in the North (many of them former Copperheads). They were joined by the Redeemers in the South and by Catholic immigrants, especially Irish-Americans and German-Americans. In addition, the party attracted unskilled laborers and hard-scrabble old-stock farmers in remote areas of New England and along the Ohio River valley.
Religion: pietistic Republicans versus liturgical Democrats
Religious lines were sharply drawn. Methodists, Congregationalists, Presbyterians, Scandinavian Lutherans and other pietists in the North were tightly linked to the Republicans. In sharp contrast, liturgical groups, especially the Catholics, Episcopalians, and German Lutherans, looked to the Democratic Party for protection from pietistic moralism, especially prohibition. While both parties cut across economic class structures, the Democrats were supported more heavily by its lower tiers.
Cultural issues, especially prohibition and public-funding for Catholic schools (as well as non-English schools of both Protestant and Catholic denominations) in parity with what were at the time Protestant-based, English-language public schools, became important because of the sharp religious divisions in the electorate. In the North, about 50% of the voters were pietistic Protestants who believed the government should be used to reduce social sins, such as drinking. Liturgical churches constituted over a quarter of the vote and wanted the government to stay out of personal morality issues. Prohibition debates and referendums heated up politics in most states over a period of decades, and national prohibition was finally passed in 1918 (repealed in 1932), serving as a major issue between the largely wet Democrats and the largely dry Republicans - although there was a pro-Prohibition faction within the Democratic Party and an anti-Prohibition faction within the Republican Party.
Source: Paul Kleppner, The Third Electoral System 1853–1892 (1979) p. 182
Realignment in the 1850s
The Republican Party emerged from the great political realignment of the mid-1850s. William Gienapp argues that the great realignment of the 1850s began before the Whig party demise, and was caused not by politicians but by voters at the local level. The central forces were ethno-cultural, involving tensions between pietistic Protestants versus liturgical Catholics, Lutherans and Episcopalians regarding Catholicism, prohibition, and nativism. Various prohibitionist and nativist movements emerged, especially the American Party, based originally on the secret Know Nothing lodges. It was a moralistic party that appealed to the middle-class fear of corruption—identifying that danger with Catholics, especially the recent Irish immigrants who seemed to bring crime, corruption, poverty and bossism as soon as they arrived. Anti-slavery did play a role but it was less important at first. The Know-Nothing party embodied the social forces at work, but its weak leadership was unable to solidify its organization, and the Republicans picked it apart. Nativism was so powerful that the Republicans could not avoid it, but they did minimize it and turn voter wrath against the threat that slave owners would buy up the good farm lands wherever slavery was allowed. The realignment was so powerful because it forced voters to switch parties, as typified by the rise and fall of the Know-Nothings, the rise of the Republican Party, and the splits in the Democratic Party during the transitional period of 1854-1858. The Republican Party was more driven, in terms of ideology and talent; it surpassed the hapless American Party in 1856. By 1858 the Republicans controlled majorities in every Northern state, and hence controlled the electoral votes for president in 1860.
Ideology
The ideological force driving the new party was modernization, and opposition to slavery, that anti-modern threat. By 1856 the Republicans were crusading for "Free Soil, Free Labor, Frémont and Victory." The main argument was that a 'Slave Power' had seized control of the federal government and would try to make slavery legal in the territories, and perhaps even in the northern states. That would give rich slave owners the chance to go anywhere and buy up the best land, thus undercutting the wages of free labor and destroying the foundations of civil society. The Democratic response was to countercrusade in 1856, warning that the election of Republican candidate John C. Frémont would produce civil war. The outstanding leader of the Democrats was Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas; he believed that the democratic process in each state or territory should settle the slavery question. When President James Buchanan tried to rig politics in Kansas Territory to approve slavery, Douglas broke with him, presaging the split that ruined the party in 1860. That year, northern Democrats nominated Douglas as the candidate of democracy, while the southern wing put up John Breckinridge as the upholder of the rights of property and of states' rights, which in this context meant slavery. In the South, ex-Whigs organized an ad hoc "Constitutional Union" Party, pledging to keep the nation united on the basis of the Constitution, regardless of democracy, states' rights, property or liberty. The Republicans played it safe in 1860, passing over better-known radicals in favor of a moderate border-state politician known to be an articulate advocate of liberty. Abraham Lincoln made no speeches, letting the party apparatus march the armies to the polls. Even if all three of Lincoln's opponents had formed a common ticket–quite impossible in view of their ideological differences–his 40 percent of the vote was enough to carry the North and thus win the electoral college.
Civil War
It was the measure of genius of President Lincoln not only that he won his war but that he did so by drawing upon and synthesizing the strengths of anti-slavery, free soil, democracy, and nationalism. The Confederacy abandoned all party activity, and thereby forfeited the advantages of a nationwide organization committed to support of the administration. In the Union, the Republican Party unanimously supported the war effort, finding officers, enlisted men, enlistment bonuses, aid to wives and widows, war supplies, bond purchases, and the enthusiasm that was critical to victory. The Democrats at first supported a war for Union, and in 1861 many Democratic politicians became colonels and generals. Announced by Lincoln in September 1862, the Emancipation Proclamation was designed primarily to destroy the economic base of the 'Slave Power'. It initially alienated many northern Democrats and even moderate Republicans. They were reluctant to support a war for the benefit of what they considered an inferior race. The Democrats made significant gains in the 1862 midterm elections, but the Republicans remained in control with the support of the Unionist Party. Success on the battlefield (especially the fall of Atlanta) significantly bolstered the Republicans in the election of 1864. The Democrats attempted to capitalize on negative reactions to the Emancipation, but by 1864 these had faded somewhat due to its success in undermining the South. Additionally, the Republicans made charges of treason against 'Copperheads' a successful campaign issue. Increasingly the Union Army became Republican in its makeup; probably a majority of Democrats who enlisted marched home Republican, including such key leaders as John Logan and Ben Butler.
Postbellum
The Civil War and Reconstruction issues polarized the parties until the Compromise of 1877 finally ended the political warfare. War issues resonated for a quarter century, as Republicans waved the "bloody shirt" (of dead union soldiers), and Democrats warned against non-existent "Black supremacy" in the South and plutocracy in the North. The modernizing Republicans who had founded the party in 1854 looked askance at the perceived corruption of Ulysses S. Grant and his war veterans, bolstered by the solid vote of freedmen. The dissenters formed a "Liberal Republican" Party in 1872, only to have it smashed by Grant's reelection. By the mid-1870s it was clear that Confederate nationalism was dead; all but the most ardent Republican 'Stalwarts' agreed that the southern Republican coalition of African-American freedmen, scalawags and carpetbaggers was helpless and hopeless. In 1874 the Democrats won big majorities in Congress, with economic depression a major issue. People asked how much longer the Republicans could use the Army to impose control in the South.
Rutherford Hayes became President after a highly controversial electoral count, demonstrating that the corruption of Southern politics threatened the legitimacy of the presidency itself. After Hayes removed the last federal troops in 1877, the Republican Party in the South sank into oblivion, kept alive only by the crumbs of federal patronage. It would be forty years before a Republican would win a former Confederate state in a presidential election.
Climax and collapse, 1890–1896
New issues emerged in the late 1880s, as Grover Cleveland and the Bourbon Democrats made the low tariff "for revenue only" a rallying cry for Democrats in the 1888 election, and the Republican Congress in 1890 legislated high tariffs and high spending. At the state level moralistic pietists pushed hard for prohibition, and in some states for the elimination of foreign-language schools serving German immigrants. The Bennett Law in Wisconsin produced a bruising ethnocultural battle in that state in 1890, which the Democrats won. The millions of postwar immigrants divided politically along ethnic and religious lines, with enough Germans moving into the Democratic Party to give the Democrats a national majority in 1892. Party loyalties were starting to weaken, as evidenced by the movement back and forth of the German vote and the sudden rise of the Populists. Army-style campaigns of necessity had to be supplemented by "campaigns of education", which focused more on the swing voters.
Cleveland's second term was ruined by a major depression, the Panic of 1893, which also undercut the appeal of the loosely organized Populist coalitions in the south and west. A stunning Republican triumph in 1894 nearly wiped out the Democratic Party north of the Mason–Dixon line. In the 1896 election William Jennings Bryan and the radical silverites seized control of the Democratic Party, denounced their own president, and called for a return to Jeffersonian agrarianism (see Jeffersonian democracy). Bryan, in his Cross of Gold speech, talked about workers and farmers crucified by big business, evil bankers and the gold standard. With Bryan giving from five to 35 speeches a day throughout the Midwest, straw polls showed his crusade forging a lead in the critical Midwest. Republicans William McKinley and Mark Hanna then seized control of the situation; their countercrusade was a campaign of education making lavish use of new advertising techniques. McKinley warned that Bryan's bimetallism would wreck the economy and achieve equality by making everyone poor. McKinley promised prosperity through strong economic growth based on sound money and business confidence, and an abundance of high-paying industrial jobs. Farmers would benefit by selling to a rich home market. Every racial, ethnic and religious group would prosper, and the government would never be used by one group to attack another. In particular McKinley reassured the German-Americans, alarmed on the one hand by Bryan's inflation and on the other by prohibition. McKinley's overwhelming victory combined city and farm, Northeast and Midwest, businessmen and factory workers. He carried nearly every city of 50,000 population, while Bryan swept the rural South (which was off-limits to the Republicans) and Mountain states. McKinley's victory, ratified by an even more decisive reelection in 1900, thus solidified one of the central ideologies of twentieth-century American politics, pluralism.
Campaigning changes in 1896
By campaigning tirelessly with over 500 speeches in 100 days, William Jennings Bryan seized control of the headlines in the 1896 election. It no longer mattered as much what the editorial page said—most newspapers opposed him—as long as his speeches made the front page. Financing likewise changed radically. Under the Second and Third Party Systems, parties financed their campaigns through patronage; now civil service reform was undercutting that revenue, and entirely new, outside sources of funding became critical. Mark Hanna systematically told nervous businessmen and financiers that he had a business plan to win the election, and then billed them for their share of the cost. Hanna spent $3.5 million in three months for speakers, pamphlets, posters, and rallies that all warned of doom and anarchy if Bryan should win, and offered prosperity and pluralism under William McKinley. Party loyalty itself weakened as voters were switching between parties much more often. It became respectable to declare oneself an 'independent'.
Third Parties
Throughout the nineteenth century, third parties such as the Prohibition Party, Greenback Party and the Populist Party evolved from widespread antiparty sentiment and a belief that governance should attend to the public good rather than partisan agendas. Because this position was based more on social experiences than any political ideology, nonpartisan activity was generally most effective on the local level. As third-party candidates tried to assert themselves in mainstream politics, however, they were forced to betray the antiparty foundations of the movement by allying with major partisan leaders. These alliances and the factionalism they engendered discouraged nonpartisan supporters and undermined the third-party movement by the end of the nineteenth century. Many reformers and nonpartisans subsequently lent support to the Republican Party, which promised to attend to issues important to them, such as anti-slavery or prohibition.
Fourth Party System, 1896–1932
The overwhelming Republican victory, repeated in 1900, restored business confidence, began three decades of prosperity for which the Republicans took credit, and swept away the issues and personalities of the Third Party System. The period 1896–1932 can be called the Fourth Party System. Most voting blocs continued unchanged, but others realigned themselves, giving a strong Republican dominance in the industrial Northeast, though the way was clear for the Progressive Era to impose a new way of thinking and a new agenda for politics.
Alarmed at the new rules of the game for campaign funding, the Progressives launched investigations and exposures (by the 'muckraker' journalists) into corrupt links between party bosses and business. New laws and constitutional amendments weakened the party bosses by installing primaries and directly electing senators. Theodore Roosevelt shared the growing concern with business influence on government. When William Howard Taft appeared to be too cozy with pro-business conservatives in terms of tariff and conservation issues, Roosevelt broke with his old friend and his old party. After losing the 1912 Republican nomination to Taft, he founded a new "Bull Moose" Progressive Party and ran as a third candidate. Although he outpolled Taft (who won only two states) in both the popular vote and the electoral college, the Republican split elected Woodrow Wilson and made pro-business conservatives the dominant force in the Republican Party.
See also
Party systems in the United States
American election campaigns in the 19th century
Gilded Age
History of the Democratic Party (United States)
History of the Republican Party (United States)
Political parties in the United States
References
Further reading
Bartley, Numan V. "Voters and party systems: A review of the recent literature." The History Teacher 8.3 (1975): 452-469.
Bensel, Richard Franklin. The Political Economy of American Industrialization, 1877–1900 (2000)
Broxmeyer, Jeffrey D. Electoral Capitalism: The Party System in New York's Gilded Age . (U of Pennsylvania Press, 2020) covers NY city and state.
Calhoun, Charles W. From Bloody Shirt to Full Dinner Pail: The Transformation of Politics and Governance in the Gilded Age (2010) excerpt and text search
Calhoun, Charles W. Minority Victory: Gilded Age Politics and the Front Porch Campaign of 1888 (2008) 243 pp.
Campbell, James E. "Party Systems and Realignments in the United States, 1868–2004", Social Science History, Fall 2006, Vol. 30 Issue 3, pp. 359–386
Cherny, Robert. American Politics in the Gilded Age 1868–1900 (1997)
DeCanio, Samuel. "Religion and Nineteenth-Century Voting Behavior: A New Look at Some Old Data", Journal of Politics, 2007. 69: 339–350
Dinkin, Robert J. Voting and Vote-Getting in American History (2016), expanded edition of Dinkin, Campaigning in America: A History of Election Practices. (Greenwood 1989)
Gienap, William E. The Origins of the Republican Party, 1852–1856 (1987)
Gienap, William E. "'Politics Seem to Enter into Everything': Political Culture in the North, 1840–1860", in Gienapp et al., eds. Essays on American Antebellum Politics, 1840-1860 (1982) pp. 15–79
Hansen, Stephen L. The Making of the Third Party System: Voters and Parties in Illinois, 1850–1876. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1980. 280 pp.
Holt, Michael F. The Political Crisis of the 1850s (1978).
Holt, Michael F. "The Primacy of Party Reasserted." Journal of American History 1999 86(1): 151–157. in JSTOR
James, Scott C. Presidents, Parties, and the State: A Party System Perspective on Democratic Regulatory Choice, 1884–1936. (2000). 307 pp.
Jensen, Richard. The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896 (1971)
Jensen, Richard. "Democracy, Republicanism and Efficiency: The Values of American Politics, 1885–1930", in Byron Shafer and Anthony Badger, eds, Contesting Democracy: Substance and Structure in American Political History, 1775–2000 (University of Kansas Press, 2001) pp. 149–180; online version
Kazin, Michael. What It Took to Win: A History of the Democratic Party (2022)excerpt
Keller, Morton. Affairs of State: Public Life in Late Nineteenth Century America (1977).
Keller, Morton. America's Three Regimes: A New Political History (2007) 384 pp.
Kleppner, Paul. The Third Electoral System 1853–1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Cultures (1979), the most important and detailed analysis of voting behavior.
Klinghard, Daniel. The Nationalization of American Political Parties, 1880–1896 (2010) excerpt and text search, political science perspective
Lynch, G. Patrick "U.S. Presidential Elections in the Nineteenth Century: Why Culture and the Economy Both Mattered." Polity 35#1 (2002) pp. 29+. focus on 1884
McGerr, Michael. A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870–1920 (2003)
Miller, Worth Robert. "The Lost World of Gilded Age Politics", Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era vol 1, no. 1 (January 2002): 49–67, online edition
Morgan, H. Wayne. From Hayes to McKinley: National Party Politics, 1877–1896 (1969)
Ostrogorski, M. Democracy and the Party System in the United States (1910) classic analysis, emphasizing party operations and corruption
Postel, Charles. The Populist Vision (2007) excerpt and text search
Potter, David. The Impending Crisis 1848–1861. (1976); Pulitzer Prize
Rhodes, James Ford. History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the Roosevelt-Taft Administration (1920), 8 vols.: highly detailed narrative from 1850 to 1909 online edition
Rothbard, Murray N. The Progressive Era (2017), pp. 109–98, emphasis on popular voting online excerpt
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., ed. History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–2008 (2011) 3 vol and 11 vol editions; detailed analysis of each election, with primary documents; online v. 1. 1789–1824; v. 2. 1824–1844; v. 3. 1848–1868; v. 4. 1872–1888; v. 5. 1892–1908; v. 6. 1912–1924; v. 7. 1928–1940; v. 8. 1944–1956; v. 9. 1960–1968; v. 10. 1972–1984; v. 11. 1988–2001
Shelden, Rachel A. "The Politics of Continuity and Change in the Long Civil War Era." Civil War History 65.4 (2019): 319-341. covers 1828 to 1900.
Silbey, Joel. The American Political Nation, 1838–1893 (1991).
Smith, Adam I. P. No Party Now: Politics in the Civil War North (2006)excerpt and text search
Summers, Mark Wahlgren. The Era of Good Stealings (1993), covers corruption 1868–1877
Summers, Mark Wahlgren. Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion: The Making of a President, 1884 (2000)
Summers, Mark Wahlgren. Party Games: Getting, Keeping, and Using Power in Gilded Age Politics (2003) excerpt and text search
Summers, Mark Wahlgren.The Press Gang: Newspapers and Politics, 1865–1878 (1994)
Voss-Hubbard, Mark. "The 'Third Party Tradition' Reconsidered: Third Parties and American Public Life, 1830–1900." Journal of American History 1999 86(1): 121–150. in JSTOR
Primary sources
Silbey, Joel H., ed. The American party battle: election campaign pamphlets, 1828–1876 (2 vol., 1999) vol 1 online; online edition vol 2
External links
Harper's Weekly 150 cartoons on elections 1860–1912; Reconstruction topics; Chinese exclusion; plus American Political Prints from the Library of Congress, 1766-1876
Elections 1860–1912 as covered by Harper's Weekly; news, editorials, cartoons (many by Thomas Nast)
Thomas Nast cartoons strongly pro-Republican, pro-Reconstruction, anti-South, anti-Irish and anti-Catholic
more Nast cartoons
still more Nast
"Graphic Witness" caricatures in history
Gilded Age & Progressive Era Cartoons, industry, labor, politics, prohibition from Ohio State
Puck cartoons
Keppler cartoons
1892 cartoons
Photographs of prominent politicians, 1861–1922; these are pre-1923 and out of copyright
Political history of the United States
19th century in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20Party%20System |
Trones is a headland and residential area in the municipality of Verdal in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located about north of the town of Verdalsøra, along the coast of the Trondheimsfjord. The villages of Nordskaget and Sørskaget are located on the headland, and they are combined under the name Trones by Statistics Norway.
The village area has a population (2018) of 388 and a population density of .
References
Verdal
Villages in Trøndelag | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trones%2C%20Verdal |
The Edsel Show is an hour-long television special broadcast live on CBS in the United States on October 13, 1957, intended to promote Ford Motor Company's new Edsel cars. It was a milestone in the long career of entertainer Bing Crosby and is notable as the first CBS entertainment program to be recorded on videotape for rebroadcast in the western part of the country following a live performance for the east coast. Crosby arranged for this ‘live’ program to be ‘produced’ by his alma mater Gonzaga University in order that the profits (estimated at $250,000) could go to them in a tax efficient way. The program won the ‘Look’ magazine TV Award for ‘Best Musical Show’ and was nominated for an Emmy as the “Best Single Program of the Year”.
Overview
The Edsel Show starred Bing Crosby and featured Frank Sinatra, Rosemary Clooney, Louis Armstrong, and Lindsay Crosby, Bing's son, performing with the Four Preps. It also featured an appearance by a "mystery guest", comedian Bob Hope. The show was directed by Seymour Berns, and was written and produced by Bill Morrow. The Orchestra was directed by Toots Camarata. Musical supervision by Buddy Cole with additional arrangements by John Scott Trotter.
During the show's opening musical number, Now You Has Jazz, Crosby introduces each member of the Armstrong band prior to a brief solo from all. In order: Edmond Hall on clarinet, Trummy Young on trombone, Billy Kyle on piano, Squire Gersh on double bass, and Barrett Deems on drums. Crosby and Armstrong and his band had performed the same song in the 1956 motion picture High Society.
CBS pre-empted its regular Ford sponsored hour in the Sunday 8pm EST slot, The Ed Sullivan Show, for one evening only. One of the 1957-58 television season's most successful outings, its popularity did not transfer to sales in the Edsel line of automobiles.
Following his three decades as a highly successful recording artist, Academy Award-winning film actor and highly rated weekly network radio star, this special has been credited as Bing Crosby's true breakthrough into the medium of television. It set the pattern for his many television specials to come; in its wake he signed a lucrative contract with ABC under which he would produce two specials per year.
Soundtrack
"Now You Has Jazz" Bing Crosby and Louis Armstrong
"Medley" Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra
"Road To Morocco" Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra and Bob Hope
"I Guess I'll Have to Change My Plan" Rosemary Clooney
"Boola Boola" The Four Preps
"Medley" Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra
"In the Middle of an Island" Lindsay Crosby
"The Birth of the Blues" Frank Sinatra and Louis Armstrong
"Medley" Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra and Rosemary Clooney
"On the Sunny Side of the Street" Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, Rosemary Clooney and Louis Armstrong
Reception
Variety magazine was impressed. “The Edsel Show, a special kick-off for Ford’s new line of cars on tv, was a smooth, fast ride all the way. In fact, without even seeming to try, it shaped up as one of video’s top musical offerings, in the same class as the Mary Martin-Ethel Merman layout several years ago, on the ‘Ford Jubilee’ show. This time, it was the tandem of Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra, two savvy pros who were at the top of their form. For Crosby, it was his best tv showing to date and for those who remember live radio way back when, Der Bingle generated the same easy charm that was responsible for his long-time run on the AM kilocycles...Crosby’s number with Armstrong and his combo on ‘Now You Has Jazz’ was a crackerjack getaway."
The show had a Trendex rating of 40.8. (A Trendex rating represents the percentage of TV homes in fifteen major cities, including New York, that are tuned to the program specified. Trendex telephoned 1000 homes during each half-hour period.)
Videotape
The show was performed at CBS Television City in the afternoon in California and broadcast live in the eastern part of the country. A videotape was made of the performance and was played back three hours later for western audiences. As videotape was a new technology, CBS made a film-based kinescope of the show and played it back alongside the videotape, so that the broadcast could switch to the kinescope if problems were encountered with the tape; there were none.
Videotape was a technology that had interested Crosby for several years. His company, Bing Crosby Enterprises, had investigated several technologies, ultimately investing in Ampex, the first company to demonstrate a practical broadcast-quality videotape system when it unveiled the first 2" Quadruplex videotape machine in 1956. Crosby's interest as a performer was to avoid repeated live performances of the same show for west coast broadcast, the routine on early live network radio. Videotape use on a regular basis was first introduced on the CBS News series Douglas Edwards and the News in November 1956. Today, with no known tape copies of those telecasts in the CBS library or tapes of any programming prior to the fall of 1957, The Edsel Show is believed to be the earliest surviving videotaped television broadcast.
In popular culture
In her autobiography, Girl Singer (Doubleday, 1999), Rosemary Clooney recalled an incident that happened the afternoon of The Edsel Show'''s telecast:
See also
1957 in televisionAn Evening With Fred Astaire''
References
External links
A page about the show featuring a short clip
From the same site, about the discovery of the master videotape
Another clip showing various Edsel models
1950s American television specials
Black-and-white American television shows
CBS original programming
English-language television shows
1957 television specials
1957 in American television | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Edsel%20Show |
Differential staining is a staining process which uses more than one chemical stain. Using multiple stains can better differentiate between different microorganisms or structures/cellular components of a single organism.
Differential staining is used to detect abnormalities in the proportion of different white blood cells in the blood. The process or results are called a WBC differential. This test is useful because many diseases alter the proportion of certain white blood cells. By analyzing these differences in combination with a clinical exam and other lab tests, medical professionals can diagnose disease.
One commonly recognizable use of differential staining is the Gram stain. Gram staining uses two dyes: Crystal violet and Fuchsin or Safranin (the counterstain) to differentiate between Gram-positive bacteria (large Peptidoglycan layer on outer surface of cell) and Gram-negative bacteria.
Acid-fast stains are also differential stains.
Further reading
http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/bugdrug/antibiotic_manual/Gram2.htm The Gram Stain Technique
References
Medical tests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20staining |
Indian River Bay is a body of water in Sussex County, Delaware. It is part of Delaware's inland bay system, along with Little Assawoman Bay and Rehoboth Bay. Fed by the Indian River at its western end, the bay is connected to the Atlantic Ocean to the east via the Indian River Inlet. A natural waterway that shifted up and down a two-mile (3.2 km) stretch of the coast until 1928, the inlet was kept in its current location by dredging between 1928 and 1937, and in 1938 was fixed in place by the construction of jetties. The Charles W. Cullen Bridge, commonly known as the Indian River Inlet Bridge, spans the inlet.
Indian River Bay is unique among Delaware's inland bays in that it is a drowned river valley, whereas Delaware's other bays are estuaries built on sand bars.
Recreation
Boating, fishing, shellfishing, and crabbing are among the most common recreational uses of Indian River Bay. In addition, the bay is bordered by several protected environmental areas, including Delaware Seashore State Park, Holts Landing State Park, and the Assawoman Wildlife Area.
Pollution
Most pollution of the Indian River Bay is due to agricultural and urban runoff. Two solutions have been proposed. The first requires cutting an inlet through Delaware Seashore State Park, which would involve building a bridge and jetty. The other is dredging and widening the Assawoman Canal to improve the flow of tidal water to and from Indian River Bay and the Indian River Inlet.
References
Bays of Delaware
Bays of Sussex County, Delaware | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20River%20Bay |
Isadore Dyer (November 2, 1865 – October 12, 1920) was an American physician.
Early life
He was the son of Isadore Dyer, Sr. (1814–1888) and his wife, born Amelia Ann Lewis. Isadore, Sr. had immigrated to the United States from Germany in 1815; he served in the Mexican-American War and became a banker in Galveston, Texas.
Education
He attended a private school in Galveston, the New York Grammar School, and the Bellevue High School in Bellevue, Virginia. He graduated from Sheffield Scientific School at Yale in 1887, studied at the University of Virginia from 1887 to 1888, and received his M. D. at Tulane in 1889. After an internship of three years in New York, he served at Tulane in various capacities, becoming professor of diseases of the skin in 1905 and dean of the medical department in 1908. In 1894 he founded the Louisiana Leper Home, and in 1896 Dr. Dyer became editor of the New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal. He was president of the Louisiana State Medical Society (1902–03), vice president of the American Medical Association (1903), vice-president of the New York Medico-Legal-Society (1908–10), and a lieutenant in the United States Army Medical Reserve Corps (1908). Dr. Dyer was the author of articles in various medical text and reference books.
Family
Dr. Dyer was the nephew of Major Leon Dyer, U.S. Army & Army of the Republic of Texas.
On July 31, 1905 he married Mercedes Louise Percival. They had six children.
Amelia Dyer (died age 12)
Isadore Dyer, Jr. MD;
Alfred Dyer,Sr
Mercedes Dyer
Donal Dyer
John L. Dyer, MD
Death
He died in New Orleans of angina pectoris on October 12, 1920, and was interred in Metairie Cemetery.
Sources
The Handbook of Texas Online
1865 births
1920 deaths
Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science alumni
American dermatologists
University of Virginia alumni
Tulane University School of Medicine alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isadore%20Dyer |
The travel cost method of economic valuation, travel cost analysis, or Clawson method is a revealed preference method of economic valuation used in cost–benefit analysis to calculate the value of something that cannot be obtained through market prices (i.e. national parks, beaches, ecosystems). The aim of the method is to calculate willingness to pay for a constant price facility. The technique was first suggested by the statistician Harold Hotelling in a 1947 letter to the director of the National Park Service of the United States for a method to measure the benefit of National Parks to the public. The method was further refined by Trice and Wood (1958) and Clawson (1959). The technique is one approach to the estimation of a shadow price.
Methodology
The general principle is that individual visitors spend varying amounts of time and money to access a particular resource. The further away an individual from the resource, the more time and money they spend and the less frequent is the visit. Individual closer to the resource tend to visit more often and spend less. By fitting the distribution of individuals within this spectrum an average of the transport and opportunity costs of the time spent travelling to a recreational site is used to determine the value of the site. Various approaches may be used in the actual collection of data and the estimation. The travel cost method of economic valuation is a revealed preference method because it looks at actual human behavior to try to define the value people place on something.
A sample of visitors to the facility are selected
These visitors are split into "zones" depending on their distance travelled to the facility.
The average distance to the facility and the average travel cost to the facility from each zone are calculated.
The visit rate from each zone is calculated.
(i.e.) Visit rate: The number of visitors from a given zone/The population of that zone
The visit rate is regressed against travel cost in order to create a visit rate curve.
Visit rate from given zone = f(cost from given zone)
VR=a+b.C
This curve can then be used to obtain estimates of visit rates given differing levels of total costs.
This enables estimates of numbers of visitors from each zone to be made given differing level of facility price.
The sum of the number of visitors from each zone can be plotted/regressed against these differing levels of facility price in order to create a demand curve for the facility.
The area under this demand curve is the willingness to pay for the facility which can be used as a valuation for CBA purposes.
References
External links
Ecosystem valuation
Curated bibliography at IDEAS/RePEc
Environmental economics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel%20cost%20analysis |
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the smallest administrative unit is the municipality ("opština/општина" or "općina/опћина" in the official languages and scripts of the country). Prior to the 1992–95 Bosnian War there were 109 municipalities in what was then Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ten of these formed the area of the capital Sarajevo.
After the war, the number of municipalities was increased to 142, grouped in the following way:
79 municipalities constitute the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), which comprises 51% of the country's total territory. The municipalities within the federation are grouped into ten cantons.
64 municipalities constitute the Republika Srpska (RS), which comprises 49% of the country's total territory.
In addition, Brčko District does not belong to either entity and is governed as a condominium of both FBiH and RS entities. The district corresponds to the pre-war Brčko municipality. Although technically not called a municipality, it is treated as such for statistic purposes.
Administratively, each municipality has a municipality council and a municipality head, and they usually consist of an urban area with the surrounding villages and rural areas around it. Bosnia and Herzegovina also has 32 officially designated cities: Banja Luka, Bihać, Tuzla, Mostar, Zenica, Doboj, Prijedor, Bijeljina, Trebinje, Široki Brijeg, Cazin, Goražde, Livno, Zvornik, Gradiška, Živinice, Gračanica, Srebrenik, Gradačac, Visoko, Ljubuški, Čapljina, Derventa, Lukavac, Zavidovići, Konjic, Bosanska Krupa, Orašje, Stolac and Laktaši each correspond to a single eponymous municipality. The cities of Sarajevo and Istočno Sarajevo consist of four and six municipalities respectively, which roughly correspond to the ten pre-war municipalities which constituted the capital city.
History
Socialist Republic
On 16 August 1945, the Presidency of the National Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina enacted the Act on Territorial Division of the Federal Bosnia and Herzegovina on Okrugs, Srezs and the Areas of the Local People's Committees. According to this act, Bosnia and Herzegovina was divided into 7 okrugs – Sarajevo, Herzegovina, Travnik, Banja Luka, Doboj and Travnik.
The new Act on Administrative-Territorial Division was enacted in 1949. The People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was then divided into four oblasts – Sarajevo, Mostar, Banja Luka and Tuzla .
In 1952, the National Assembly of Bosnia and Herzegovina again changed the local administration by enacting the Act on the Division of the Territory of the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The oblasts were abolished, while the country was divided into 66 srezs, 5 cities and 418 municipalities, of which 53 were city municipalities.
In mid 1955, another law, the Act on the Territory of the Srezs and Municipalities in the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was enacted. From then, Bosnia and Herzegovina was divided into 15 srezs – Banja Luka, Bihać, Brčko, Derventa, Doboj, Goražde, Jajce, Livno, Mostar, Prijedor, Sarajevo, Trebinje, Tuzla, Zenica and Zvornik. Each srez had several municipalities. The seat of the named srezs was in the respective municipalities they were named after. This act was changed in 1958, and the srezs of Derventa, Trebinje and Zvornik were abolished. In 1968, the act was changed again, and Bosnia and Herzegovina was divided into 6 srezs – Banja Luka, Bihać, Doboj, Mostar, Sarajevo and Tuzla.
In 1966 the srezs were abolished, and only the municipalities have remained to this day.
Municipalities of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Municipalities of Republika Srpska
See also
List of populated places in Bosnia and Herzegovina
List of settlements in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina
References
Administrative divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3
Bosnia and Herzegovina 3
Municipalities, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina geography-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities%20of%20Bosnia%20and%20Herzegovina |
Rehoboth Bay is a body of water in Sussex County, Delaware. It is connected to the Broadkill River by the Lewes and Rehoboth Canal. It is part of Delaware's inland bay system, along with Little Assawoman Bay and Indian River Bay.
Of Delaware's Inland Bays, both Rehoboth Bay and Little Assawoman Bay are barbuilt estuaries, while Indian River Bay is a drowned river valley. Rehoboth Bay is the northernmost of Delaware's inland bays. Its depth is generally shallow, less than 6 to 7 feet below Mean Lower Low Water. The surface area of the bay is approximately 13 square miles. Rehoboth Bay receives fresh water discharges from a number of small creeks along the bay, including White Oak Creek, Love Creek, Herring Creek, and Guinea Creek. Rehoboth Bay is linked to Indian River Bay to the south, providing tidal exchange with the Atlantic Ocean through Indian River Inlet, which is stabilized by two parallel stone jetties. At the north end of the Bay, the Lewes-Rehoboth Canal connects Rehoboth Bay to the Delaware Bay as part of the Intracoastal Waterway. Tidal flow provides some exchange of water between the Delaware Bay and Rehoboth Bay through the canal.
See also
Lingo Landing
Rehoboth Beach
References
Bays of Delaware
Bays of Sussex County, Delaware
Intracoastal Waterway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rehoboth%20Bay |
Terråk is the administrative centre of the municipality of Bindal in Nordland country, Norway. The village is located in the eastern part of the municipality, along the shore of the Sørfjorden arm of the Bindalsfjorden. The nearby Vassås Bridge connects Terråk to the village of Vassås just to the north.
Terråk is the commercial center for the municipality. Boat building has been historically important in the area, which is why the village hosts the annual Nordland boat regatta.
The village has a population (2018) of 540 and a population density of .
References
Villages in Nordland
Bindal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terr%C3%A5k |
Little Assawoman Bay is a body of water in Sussex County, Delaware. It is connected from Assawoman Bay to the south by a narrow canal known locally as "The Ditch," and is connected to Indian River Bay to the north by the Assawoman Canal. It is separated from the Atlantic Ocean by the Fenwick Island barrier spit.
References
Bays of Delaware
Bays of Sussex County, Delaware | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Assawoman%20Bay |
Straumen is the administrative centre of the municipality of Inderøy in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located along the Trondheimsfjord at the northeastern side of the Inderøya peninsula, next to the Børgin fjord. The village lies about east of the village of Sakshaug and about west of the villages of Røra and Hylla. The village has a slaughterhouse, a folk high school, and a museum. The Sakshaug Church and the historic Old Sakshaug Church lie just west of Straumen.
The village has a population (2018) of 1,670 and a population density of .
Media gallery
References
Villages in Trøndelag
Inderøy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straumen%2C%20Tr%C3%B8ndelag |
Ronald Wilson Reagan College Preparatory High School (RWR) is a high school located at 4965 South 20th Street in the Town of Lake neighborhood of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. It is a part of Milwaukee Public Schools (MPS).
Formerly known as Town of Lake College Preparatory High School, the school changed its name following the death of former President Ronald Reagan in June 2004. The renaming was approved by the Milwaukee Board of School Directors on September 29, 2004, with the official renaming ceremony taking place on June 3, 2005. Ronald Wilson Reagan College Preparatory High School became an International Baccalaureate (IB) World School. Reagan has an alternating day schedule. The system is known as an A Day and B day system to the students.
Notable Alumni
Alec Marsh, Number 67 for the Kansas City Royals
History
Around 2004 it had 100 students. By 2010 it had 1,000 students, and so many students applied for admission that the school had a wait list. In the year of 2022, MPS breaks ground on multi-million dollar expansion at Reagan that would be split into three phases the first phase of the project is being funded by $9 million in federal emergency relief funds to help schools move forward from the pandemic. The first phase is also funded by private donors and other fundraising efforts.
References
External links
High schools in Milwaukee
International Baccalaureate schools in Wisconsin
Reagan
Public high schools in Wisconsin
Educational institutions established in 2004
2004 establishments in Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Wilson%20Reagan%20College%20Preparatory%20High%20School |
BUFF International Film Festival (Swedish: BUFF Filmfestival) is an international children and youth film festival in Malmö, Sweden, held annually in March. It was founded in 1984 and is a member of the European Children’s Film Association (ECFA).
Awards
Each year film awards are given out at the festival:
The City of Malmö Children’s Film Award
The Church of Sweden Award
Young People’s Film Award
ECFA Award
Region Skåne Short Film Award
SVT’s Pitch Award
Children’s Cinema of the Year
Sydsvenskan and BUFF’s Award
SF Bio Children’s Film
References
External links
BUFF International Film Festival - official web page in English
Further reading
Både galakänsla och övergivna barn - Nöje - Skånskan.se
BUFF slår upp portarna - Lokaltidningen
Dags för Buff igen - Lokaltidningen
BUFF inleder med Kenny – Lokaltidningen
Åtta filmer tävlar om Svenska kyrkans ungdomsfilmpris - Svenska kyrkan - Om oss
Blå Malmöfilm på Buff - Nöje - Kristianstadsbladet - Nyheter dygnet runt
Buff-pris till kortfilmsduo - DN.SE
Children's film festivals
Film festivals in Sweden
Culture in Malmö
Tourist attractions in Malmö
Mass media in Malmö
Film festivals established in 1984
Spring (season) events in Sweden
1984 establishments in Sweden | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BUFF%20International%20Film%20Festival |
Lay or LAY may refer to:
Places
Lay Range, a subrange of mountains in British Columbia, Canada
Lay, Loire, a French commune
Lay (river), France
Lay, Iran, a village
Lay, Kansas, United States, an unincorporated community
People
Lay (surname)
Lay Raksmey (born 1989), Cambodian footballer
Lay Zhang, Chinese rapper, music producer, actor, and member of the K-pop boy group Exo
Poetry
A short ballad or lyrical poem
Heroic lay, a Germanic work of narrative verse
Breton lay
lai (poetic form), a medieval French lay
Other uses
Lay Dam, Alabama, United States
Lea (unit), obsolete unit of length sometimes spelled "Lay"
LA-Y, Yoshinobu Launch Complex, in Tanegashima, Japan
A characteristic of material surface finish
In betting, see Betting exchange § Backing and laying
See also
Lay's, a potato-chip brand name and company
Laity
Ley (disambiguation)
Lai (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lay |
Hylla is a village in the municipality of Inderøy in Trøndelag county, Norway. Hylla is located along the Trondheimsfjord, about south of the village of Røra and about east of the villages of Straumen and Sakshaug. The village is home to a large limestone quarry and processing facility.
The village has a population (2018) of 377 and a population density of .
References
Villages in Trøndelag
Inderøy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylla |
Gangstadhaugen or Gangstad is a village in the municipality of Inderøy in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located on the northern part of the Inderøya peninsula, near the shore of the Beitstadfjorden, about southeast of the village of Breivika. Hustad Church is located about north of the village.
The village has a population (2018) of 219 and a population density of .
References
Villages in Trøndelag
Inderøy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangstadhaugen |
Røra is a village in Inderøy municipality in Trøndelag county, Norway. The village is located on a small peninsula between the Trondheimsfjorden and the Børgin fjord. The village is located about north of the town of Verdalsøra and about south of the town of Steinkjer. The village of Hylla lies just south of Røra and the municipal centre of Straumen lies a short distance to the west.
The European route E6 highway and the Nordlandsbanen railway line both run through the village, with the train stopping at Røra Station. Norwegian County Road 755 begins in Røra and continues on toward Leksvik to the south. The historic Salberg Church is located in the village.
The village has a population (2018) of 430 and a population density of .
History
Røra lies between Stiklestad and Mære, and is in an area of rich historical monuments. An early highway, The King's Road (), was at a higher elevation than the current highway. Along this route there are several minor finds from earlier habitation. On the boundary between Nedre Vådal and Røflo remains have been found from a very old habitation, probably from the Iron Age. Defense works indicate that the habitation must have been over a long period and been substantial.
The entire landscape has been changed after a major landslide in the 14th century. Most of the disturbed mass slid into Hylla fjord, but some was diverted to Borgen fjord. The source of the slide is thought to be in the area near the Øvre Vådal farms near the border with Sparbu. Much of the agricultural area lies in the disturbed area.
The coastal settlement at Hylla which had steamship connections was the original centre of the area, but when the railway arrived in 1905 a new centre grew up around the station that took over most of the functions.
Economy
Traditionally, agriculture has been the most important industry in the area, but Røra has two important industrial of major importance. Hylla limestone quarry is a short distance to the southwest of Røra and has been an important place of employment in the area. In addition Røra Fabrikker, owned by the Coop NKL, the Norwegian retailers' co-operative association produces an assortment of jams, juices, and other processed agricultural products are made in the factory. The company currently employs about 59 people.
References
Inderøy
Villages in Trøndelag | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B8ra |
Kevin Ball (born 12 November 1964) is an English former professional footballer who played for Portsmouth, Sunderland, Fulham and Burnley. Since his retirement, he has held a number of positions at Sunderland, including twice being caretaker manager, and has recently retired from working as club ambassador.
Playing career
Born in Hastings, Ball began his career in central defence but eventually moved into central midfield. He played 389 games for Sunderland in all competitions, scoring 27 goals. His career took off with a spell at Portsmouth and, after leaving Sunderland, he had spells at Fulham and Burnley. Whilst at Sunderland, he played in the 1992 FA Cup Final where they lost 2–0 to Liverpool.
Ball, a former club captain, was named Sunderland Player of the Year for the 1990–91 season, and again in 1996–97, the year they were relegated from the Premier League. He was part of the Sunderland sides that won First Division titles in 1996 and 1999.
Managerial career
Between 6 March and 8 May 2006 Ball acted as Sunderland caretaker manager for the last ten games of the 2005–06 season following the sacking of Mick McCarthy, taking five points from these games. Although Ball expressed his interest in the manager's job on a full-time basis, incoming chairman Niall Quinn was keen for the club to appoint a 'world-class manager' following the club's takeover by the Drumaville Consortium, ruling Ball out of the running. Ball remained at Sunderland under the new regime, returning to his former post of assistant academy manager.
Manager Martin O'Neill promoted Ball to become the club's senior professional development coach in July 2012, which included being responsible for the club's reserve team and the club's under-21 players. In 2013, he again became caretaker manager following the sacking of Paolo Di Canio. Ball's first game in charge resulted in a 2–0 home win over Peterborough in the League Cup. He oversaw a further two games, before Gus Poyet was appointed to the role. After a long spell as a Club Ambassador at Sunderland he was made redundant in 2022.
Honours and awards
As a player
Sunderland
Football League First Division winner: 1995–96, 1998–99
FA Cup runner up: 1991–92
Individual
Sunderland Player of the Year: 1996/97
Sunderland Solid Gold XI
References
External links
Kevin Ball: A profile
Ball named caretaker manager
1964 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Hastings
English men's footballers
Coventry City F.C. players
Portsmouth F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
English football managers
Sunderland A.F.C. managers
Premier League managers
Sunderland A.F.C. non-playing staff
Men's association football central defenders
Men's association football midfielders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Ball |
Bjerkvik is a village in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located at the end of Herjangsfjorden, an arm of Ofotfjorden. Bjerkvik sits less than south of the border of Troms county and about across the fjord from the town of Narvik. The village has a population (2018) of 1,159 which gives the village a population density of .
The European route E6 and European route E10 highways meet in Bjerkvik, a central location on the roads connecting Harstad, Narvik, and Tromsø. Elvegårdsmoen military camp lies on the eastern edge of the village near the lake Hartvikvatnet.
Bjerkvik School is a children's and secondary school in Bjerkvik in Narvik municipality in Nordland. The school has about 200 pupils. The village also has two gas stations and three grocery stores. Bjerkvik Church was built here in 1955 to serve the northern part of the municipality.
History
During World War II, Bjerkvik was almost destroyed by the bombardment of gunfire from allied warships that caused significant civilian casualties.
A landing was also conducted in the area by a Franco-British forces, pushing the german forces several miles away.
The worst avalanche disaster in modern Norwegian history took place in Vassdalen near Bjerkvik in March 1986 when 16 Norwegian soldiers on exercise were killed.
Media gallery
References
Narvik
Villages in Nordland
Populated places of Arctic Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjerkvik |
Lester Milward Archambeau III (born June 27, 1967) is a former defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted in the seventh round of the 1990 NFL Draft by the Green Bay Packers. He grew up in Montville, New Jersey and played high school football at Montville Township High School.
References
1967 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
Green Bay Packers players
Atlanta Falcons players
Denver Broncos players
Stanford Cardinal football players
Montville Township High School alumni
People from Montville, New Jersey
Players of American football from Morris County, New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester%20Archambeau |
or is a village in Narvik Municipality in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located along the southern shore of the Ofotfjorden, southwest of the town of Narvik and the village of Ankenesstranda. Håkvik Chapel was built here in 1980. The European route E6 highway runs through the village.
The village has a population (2018) of 739 which gives the village a population density of .
References
Narvik
Villages in Nordland
Populated places of Arctic Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5kvik |
Hommelstø is a village in the municipality of Brønnøy in Nordland county, Norway. The village is located on the shore of an arm of the Velfjorden about southeast of the town of Brønnøysund and about north of the village of Lande.
The village has a population (2013) of 289. The population density is . Nøstvik Church is located about west of the center of Hommelstø in the Velfjord area.
References
Villages in Nordland
Brønnøy
("Hommelstø", 2019) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hommelst%C3%B8 |
The Alfréd Radok Awards (Ceny Alfréda Radoka) were presented annually by the Endowment for the Alfréd Radok Awards in collaboration with the theatre and literary agency Aura-Pont and the magazine Svět a Divadlo (The World and Theatre) for achievements in Czech theatre, starting in 1992. The category of Best Performance was the first created. In 1995, the categories Best Play, Best Stage Design, Talent of the Year, Theatre of the Year, Best Actor, and Best Actress were created. The winners were selected by vote by theatre critics. 2013 was the last year the award ceremony was held. It was followed in 2014 by the Ceny divadelní kritiky (Theater Critics Awards), awarded by Svět a Divadlo for staging categories, and Anonymní dramatická soutěž agentury Aura-Pont (Anonymous drama competition of Aura-Pont agency).
Winners in the principal categories were as follows:
Best Actor
1995 – Tomáš Töpfer for Jacobowski in Jacobowski and the Colonel
1996 – Jiří Ornest for Ludwig in Ritter, Dene, Voss
1997 – Miroslav Táborský for Jindřich in Konec masopustu
1998 – Karel Roden for Bruno in Le Cocu Magnifique
1999 – Martin Huba for Bruscon in Der Theatermacher
2000 – Jan Potměšil for Richard III in Richard III
2001 – David Prachař for Faust in Tragická historie o doktoru Faustovi
2002 – Jan Tříska for Lear in King Lear
2003 – Michal Čapka for Šaryk in Heart of a Dog
2004 – Boris Rösner for Harpagon in The Miser
2005 – Jan Vondráček for Lelio in The Liar
2006 – Martin Finger for Světanápravce in Světanápravce (Der Weltvebesserer)
2007 – Erik Pardus for Pavel I. in Smrt Pavla I.
2007 – Jaroslav Plesl for Christy Mahon in The Playboy of the Western World
2007 – Martin Finger for Josef K. in Proces
2008 – Jaromír Dulava for Předseda in Ptákovina
2009 – Martin Pechlát for Goebbels in Goebbels/Baarová
2010 – David Novotný for Muž in Muž bez minulosti
2011 – Martin Pechlát for Andreas Karták in Legenda o svatém pijanovi
2012 – Ivan Trojan for Bůh in Ucpanej systém
2013 – Karel Dobrý for Opričník Andrej Danilovič in Den opričníka
Best Actress
1994 – Barbora Hrzánová in The Seagull
1995 – Ivana Hloužková for Maryša in Maryša
1996 – Emília Vášáryová for The Younger Sister in Ritter, Dene, Voss
1997 – Lucie Trmíková for Terezka in Terezka
1998 – Iva Janžurová for Winnie in Happy Days
1999 – Pavla Tomicová for Maryša in Maryša - po pravdě však Mařka
2000 – Klaudia Dernerová for Katěrina Izmajlova in Lady Macbeth Mcenského újezdu
2001 – Marie Málková for Madelaine in La Terrasse
2002 – Marie Málková for Ms. Stavrogin in The Devils
2003 – Marie Málková for Ms. Zittel in Heldenplatz
2004 – Daniela Kolářová for The Mother in Am Ziel
2005 – Jaroslava Pokorná for Hedvik in The Wild Duck
2006 – Kate Aldrich for Sesto in La clemenza di Tito
2007 – Helena Dvořáková for Faidra in Faidra
2008 – Soňa Červená in Zítra se bude...
2009 – Kateřina Burianová for Violet Westonová in Srpen v zemi indiánů
2010 – Ivana Uhlířová for Alžběta in Víra, láska, naděje
2011 – Helena Dvořáková for Ysé in Polední úděl
2012 – Ivana Hloužková for Miroslav Tichý in Tichý Tarzan
2013 – Tereza Vilišová for Amy in Můj romantický příběh
Best Play
1995 – Sestra Úzkost by Pitínský, Čep and Deml
1996 – Ritter, Dene, Voss by Thomas Bernhard
1997 – Terezka by Lenka Lagronová
1998 – Arcadia by Tom Stoppard
1999 – Jeminkote, psohlavci by Iva Peřinová
2000 – Faust Is Dead by Mark Ravenhill
2001 – Tales of Common Insanity by Petr Zelenka
2002 – The Lonesome West by Martin McDonagh
2003 – The Lieutenant of Inishmore by Martin McDonagh
2004 – Nagano by Martin Smolka and Jaroslav Dušek
2005 – Akvabely by David Drábek
2006 – Má vlast by Iva Klestilová
2007 – Zázrak v černém domě by Milan Uhde
2008 – Odcházení by Václav Havel
2009 – Náměstí bratří Mašínů by David Drábek
2010 – Očištění by Petr Zelenka
2011 – Jedlíci čokolády by David Drábek
2012 – Brian by Miroslav Krobot
2013 – Plejtvák by Milan Šotek
New Artist
1995 – Zuzana Stivínová (actress)
1996 – Martin Dohnal (composer)
1997 – Petra Špalková (actress)
1998 – Petr Krušelnický (mime artist)
1999 – Martin Čičvák (director)
2000 – Richard Krajčo (actor)
2001 – Miroslav Krobot (actor) /though he is a director/
2002 – Ondřej Sokol (actor and director)
2003 – Lucie Žáčková (actress)
2004 – Magdaléna Borová (actress)
2005 – Gabriela Vermelho
2006 – Ivana Uhlířová (actress)
2007 – Jiří Havelka (director)
2008 – Štěpán Pácl (director)
2009 – Vojtěch Dyk (actor)
2010 – Štěpán Pácl (director)
2011 – Michal Isteník (actor)
2012 – Braňo Holiček (director, actor)
2013 – Patrik Děrgel (actor)
References
External links
Archived official website
Svět a Divadlo official website
Aura–Pont official website
Czech theatre awards
Awards established in 1992
Awards disestablished in 2014
1992 establishments in Czechoslovakia
2014 disestablishments in the Czech Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfr%C3%A9d%20Radok%20Awards |
Løding is a village in the municipality of Bodø in Nordland county, Norway. It is located about east of the town of Bodø, and is connected to the town by the Tverlandet Bridge. The village is mostly referred to as Tverlandet, which also encompasses the areas Hopen, Vatne, Heggmoen, Mjønes, Vågan, Holand, Skålbunes, Elstad, Oddan, Allmenningen, Godøynes (Gaunes), and Naurstad, all of which lies around the village.
The village has a population (2018) of 3,117 and a population density of .
The village lies at the northern terminus of Norwegian County Road 17 and along the Nordland Line railway. The Tverlandet Church is located in Løding, and the local sports club is Tverlandet IL. In the centre of the village, there is a doctor's office, dentist office, and grocery stores, along with the country's first Nikita hair salon. There is a pizza restaurant, building material store and a specialist store within caravan and equipment. Within the village there is a retirement home, several kindergartens, and school up and until the Ungdomsskole, which are divided between the Løding skole (grades 1-4) and the Tverlandet Skole (grades 5-10).
The lake Vatnvatnet lies north of the village.
Notable residents
Tore Johansen (b. 1977), a jazz artist.
Marie Blokhus (b. 1982), an actress.
References
Bodø
Villages in Nordland
Populated places of Arctic Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B8ding |
Diego Andrés Cruciani (born 14 July 1962 in Bahía Blanca) is an Argentine football coach who currently appointed as a head of Bangladesh Premier League club Abahani Limited Dhaka.
Career
The defender played in his career for Juventud, Sarmiento, Bella Vista, Estudiantes and Club Cipolletti before he retired after a knee injury in summer 1985.
International career
Cruciani was a member of the Argentina national under-20 football team in 1981.
Coaching career
He was the head coach of the Bangladesh national football team, under his guidance, the team improved smoothly and became the runners-up of the SAFF championship.
After leaving the post, Cruciani continued his career in Bangladesh by coaching B. League side, Abahani Limited Dhaka in 2007. During his time, Cruciani had brought three Argentine players to the club.
References
1962 births
Living people
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Expatriate football managers in Bangladesh
Bangladesh national football team managers
Haiti national football team managers
Argentine football managers
Men's association football central defenders
Club Atlético Sarmiento footballers
Club Atlético Huracán managers
Estudiantes de La Plata footballers
Club Atlético Banfield managers
Club Atlético Independiente managers
Expatriate soccer coaches in the United States
Club Atlético Lanús managers
Argentine expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Haiti
Expatriate football managers in the Maldives
Maldives national football team managers
Bella Vista de Bahía Blanca footballers
Bangladesh Premier League (football) managers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Haiti
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Bangladesh
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in the Maldives
Footballers from Bahía Blanca
Abahani Limited Dhaka managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s%20Cruciani |
Maryland Route 316 (MD 316) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Appleton Road, the highway runs from MD 279 near Elkton north to MD 277 near Elk Mills in northeastern Cecil County. MD 316 was constructed in the early 1910s from Elkton to Elk Mills and in the early 1920s north of Elk Mills. In the early 1960s, the disjoint northern segment of the highway was transferred to the county and the highway's present southern terminus was established when MD 279 moved to a new alignment north of Elkton in the early 1960s.
Route description
MD 316 begins at an intersection with MD 279 (Elkton Road) just outside the town of Elkton and just north of MD 279's crossing of Big Elk Creek. The two-lane undivided highway heads northeast and passes northwest of the Gilpin Manor Memorial Park cemetery, on either side of which the highway crosses a tributary of Big Elk Creek. MD 316 intersects Belle Hill Road, curves north, and crosses over Interstate 95 (John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway) without access. The highway passes west of the Cecil County School of Technology and follows the eastern edge of the Elk Mills Quarry to its northern terminus at MD 277 near Elk Mills. MD 277 heads west as Elk Mills Road and east as Fletchwood Road; Appleton Road continues north as a county highway toward Appleton in the northeast corner of Cecil County.
History
The portion of MD 316 between its southern terminus and what is now Belle Hill Road was originally part of MD 279, which continued along Belle Hill Road to its current course. Both the Newark Road and the Barksdale Road, which followed what is now MD 316 north from the Newark Road toward the village of Barksdale north of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O Railroad, now CSX's Philadelphia Subdivision), were planned to be built by the state but were instead constructed by Cecil County with state aid. Work on both macadam roads was underway by 1911, and the Barksdale Road was completed to Elk Mills Road by 1915. The Barksdale Road was planned to be extended north through the village of Cowenton in 1917, but those plans were cancelled with the United States' entry into World War I. A disjoint segment of the Barksdale Road was built from the B&O Railroad crossing through Barksdale in 1921 and 1922. This segment was transferred from state to county maintenance through a June 29, 1964, road transfer agreement. The southern terminus of MD 316 was moved to its present location after MD 279 was moved to its present course from Big Elk Creek to Belle Hill Road in 1962. MD 316 was resurfaced with bituminous concrete in two segments in 1972 and 1973.
Junction list
See also
References
External links
MDRoads: MD 316
MD 316 at AARoads.com
316
Maryland Route 316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland%20Route%20316 |
Mohakhali is a neighborhood of Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh.
Events
Korail Slum is located in Mohakhali. In December 2016 a fire destroyed over 500 shanty homes in the slum. In December the Saat Tola slum which is also located in the slum caught fire.
External links
References
Dhaka
Neighbourhoods in Bangladesh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohakhali |
Kenosha Light (also called Southport Light) is a lighthouse and keeper's house on Simmons Island north of the channel into Kenosha's harbor in Kenosha County, Wisconsin, USA.
History
Also known as the "Old Kenosha Light", it was replaced by the Kenosha North Pier Light in 1906. The keeper's house continued to be used for many years, however.
The light is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the Kenosha Light Station, Reference #90000995. It has been an active aid to navigation since 1996, but is not listed in Volume VII United States Coast Guard light list. The lantern room was removed in 1913 but replicated in 1994. The Fresnel lens was replaced by a 300 mm Tidaland Signal plastic lens – a medium range lens commonly used on the Great Lakes.
A historical marker in front of the lighthouse reads:
Built by the federal government in 1866, the Kenosha Lighthouse replaces two other lighthouses constructed at this site in 1848? and 1858?. Originally designated a coast and harbor light for Southport, now Kenosha, Wisconsin provided the first navigational illumination a mariner would see upon entering Wisconsin from the Chicago area. Standing tall and situated on a hill, the lighthouse projected light from above lake level. The tower is built of yellow Milwaukee Cream City brick and is conical in shape. Originally the lighthouse contained a fourth order Fresnel lens fueled by kerosene with a fixed?-white light which varied by flashes. Officially discontinued in 1906, the lantern room was later removed and replaced by a tripod mast for displaying storm warning flags and lights. Listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1990, the lighthouse has been restored and holds an automated electric light. (1996)
A lightkeeper's house sits near the lighthouse tower. The original section of the house was built in 1866 at the same time as the lighthouse. It was two stories, with walls of cream brick similar to the tower, with a simple rectangular footprint. The moderate pitch of the roof and the frieze board under the eaves come from Greek Revival style. In 1907 the north ell with the two-story porch was added to the house, along with a 2-story addition to the kitchen at the southeast corner and bathrooms.
The light on Simmons Island was part of an effort to make Kenosha a major shipping port, and money was spent from the 1830s to the 1880s on infrastructure like the lighthouse. But this lighthouse was too far from the harbor to give entering craft a clear bearing, so a beacon was added to the pierhead in the 1860s. By the turn of the century, the better harbors and railroad connections at Chicago, Milwaukee and Racine prevailed and Kenosha was a minor port.
Current status and directions
The building is currently maintained by the City of Kenosha and the Kenosha County Historical Society. It is also on the State List/Inventory, having been listed in 1975.
The keeper's house is open to the public on Saturdays and Sundays during the tourist season. The tower is open for climbers many weekends of the summer.
The lighthouse can be seen from Kenosha near the vicinity of 50th Street and 4th Avenue.
See also
Kenosha North Pier Lighthouse - Nearby lighthouse
References
Further reading
Havighurst, Walter (1943) The Long Ships Passing: The Story of the Great Lakes, Macmillan Publishers.
Oleszewski, Wes, Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses, (Gwinn, Michigan: Avery Color Studios, Inc., 1998) .
Sapulski, Wayne S., (2001) Lighthouses of Lake Michigan: Past and Present (Paperback) (Fowlerville: Wilderness Adventure Books) ; .
Wright, Larry and Wright, Patricia, Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia Hardback (Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2006) .
External links
Anderson, Kraig, Lighthouse friends, Kenosha Southport Light article.
Kenosha History Center.
National Park Service Maritime History Project, Inventory of Historic Light Stations - Wisconsin - Kenosha Southport Light.
Satellite view, Southport Lighthouse, Google earth.
Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Southport Lighthouse: Simmons Island, Kenosha, Wisconsin.
Wobser, David, Milwaukee Kenosha Southport Light , Boatnerd
Lighthouses completed in 1866
Houses completed in 1866
Buildings and structures in Kenosha, Wisconsin
Lighthouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
1866 establishments in Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in Kenosha County, Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenosha%20Light |
Ann Lesley Cotton OBE (born 1950) is a Welsh entrepreneur and philanthropist who was awarded an Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2006 Queen's New Year Honours List. The honour was in recognition of her services to education of young women in rural Africa as the founder of Camfed.
Camfed Innovation and Activities
Camfed's goal is to replace the existing cycle of poverty and inequality with a new cycle of empowerment and opportunity. The organisation's unique approach is to not only support girls and young women through school, but also on to new lives as entrepreneurs and community leaders. To complete the "virtuous cycle", graduating students become CAMA alumnae, many of whom return to school to train and mentor new generations of students. Camfed started out by supporting 32 girls through school in Zimbabwe in 1993. Since then it has expanded its success across 2,295 communities in five sub-Saharan countries. Over the past 17 years, 1,065,710 young people directly benefited from Camfed's programmes in Ghana, Malawi, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. More than 3 million children have already benefited from Camfed's programmes in a network of 5,085 partner school
Camfed won the International Aid and Development Charity of the Year award in 2003. In 2014, Camfed was recognised by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for best practice in taking development innovation to scale.
Background
Cotton was born in Cardiff, Wales, and was educated at Howell's School, Llandaff. For more than three decades, Ann Cotton has been focused on improving opportunity for children at the margins of education. She began her career in a London school by establishing one of the first centres for girls excluded from mainstream education. Cotton's commitment to girls' education in Africa began in 1991, when she went on a research trip to Zimbabwe to investigate why girls' school enrolment in rural areas was so low. Contrary to the common assumption that families weren't sending girls to school for cultural reasons, Cotton discovered that poverty was the main roadblock. Families could not afford to buy books or pay school fees for all their children. Instead, they had to choose which children would receive an education. Since boys had a better chance of getting a paid job after graduation, daughters were rarely selected.
Cotton knew that educated girls were less likely to contract HIV/AIDS, would marry later, have fewer and healthier children, and would support the next generation to go to school. She understood that poverty and exclusion affects girls both psychologically and economically, and that if girls could be educated, supported by their communities, and empowered to shape their own destinies, they could change their communities and nations forever. In 1993, after grassroots fundraising that supported the first 32 girls through school in Zimbabwe, Cotton founded Camfed. The reach of the organisation's innovative education programmes has grown ever since. In 2013 alone, Camfed directly supported more than 434,000 children to go to school.
One of the most effective and innovative results of Camfed's work is CAMA, a unique, 24,436-member-strong pan-African network of Camfed graduates. CAMA alumnae use their experience and expertise to design and deliver extended programs to students and communities, including health and financial literacy training. Each CAMA member supports the education of another two to three children outside of her own family, multiplying the benefits of her education, and testifying to the programs' effectiveness and sustainability. Over Camfed's two decades, this approach has been proven to work both within rural communities and at a larger scale across countries.
Residencies, platforms and awards
Ann Cotton is an Honorary Fellow at Homerton College, Cambridge, and Social Entrepreneur in Residence at the Cambridge University Judge Business School. She is a noted speaker on international platforms, including the World Economic Forum, the Clinton Global Initiative and the Skoll World Forum. In 2014 she addressed the US-Africa Summit hosted by The White House, George W. Bush Institute and US State Department.
Cotton has won numerous awards for her work, including an Honorary Doctorate in Law from Cambridge University; an OBE in 2006 in honour of her advocacy of girls' education in Africa; the Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship; Woman of the Year in the UK; and UK Social Entrepreneur of the Year. In November 2014, Ann was awarded the WISE Prize for Education, becoming the fourth WISE laureate alongside Vicky Colbert, founder of Escuela Nueva in Colombia, Dr Madhav Chavan, co-founder of Pratham in India, and Sir Fazle Hasan Abed, founder of BRAC in Bangladesh.
References
External links
Camfed International
"Investments Announced at Symposium for African Spouses", The White House, 6 August 2014.
Ann at the opening plenary of the Skoll World Forum 2010
Skoll World Forum: From Poverty to Prosperity
Skoll World Forum: Camfed
Devin Thorpe, "How Many Girls Can One Woman Teach? You'd Be Surprised", Forbes, 16 September 2014.
"Camfed Announces Major New Partnerships at the Clinton Global Initiative Annual Meeting", Ghana: Newsline, United Nations Girls' Education Initiative.
"Camfed and The MasterCard Foundation Launch Groundbreaking Partnership in Ghana to Enable Young Women to Own their Futures"
Ann Cotton on KNTV
British philanthropists
1950 births
Living people
People from Cardiff
Social entrepreneurs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%20Cotton |
Matara () is a major city in Sri Lanka, on the southern coast of Southern Province. It is the second largest city in Southern Province. It is from Colombo. It is a major commercial hub, and it is the administrative capital and largest city of Matara District.
Etymology
Consist of two elements, the term Matara gives its meaning as the Great Ferry, that may be the meaning "great seaport" or "great fortress". It is also thought as being derived from the mispronunciation of the word 'Matora' by the Portuguese who called it 'Mature' or Maturai in 1672. The native word 'Matora' might also derived from 'Maha Tera' meaning the place where the Great River was crossed.
It was also called 'Maha Tota' (Malo Tota) or Maha- pattana, the great ferry.Maha Ethara meaning "great ford". Today, the Nilwala River runs through Matara and it is said that there was a wide area where ferries used to cross. In 1673, the Dutch minister Philippus Baldaeus had called it 'Mature', in 1681, Robert Knox named it as 'Matura' and in 1744, Heydt called it 'Maderon'.
History
Matara historically belongs to the area that was called the Kingdom of Ruhuna, which was one of the three kingdoms in Sri Lanka (Thun Sinhalaya තුන් සිංහලය). According to Thotagamuwe Sri Rahula Thera's Paravi Sndesaya King Weerabamapanam made Matara as his capital and named it "Mapatuna". The temple in the middle of the town is also built by ancient kings, and now it is a very popular sacred place among the Buddhists in the area.
In the 16th and 18th centuries, Matara was ruled by the Portuguese and the Dutch respectively.
In 1756, the Dutch captured the Maritime Province and divided it into four administrative areas — Sabaragamuwa, Sath Korle, Sathara Korele and Matara. Out of these, Matara District covered the largest area (essentially the whole of the Southern Province up to the Kalu River). In the deed given by King Dharmapala to the Dutch, it mentioned that the area of Matara District extended from Kotte to the Walawe River.
In 1760, the fort was successfully attacked by forces from the Kingdom of Kandy. Matara maintained in the hands of the Sinhalese for almost one year. In 1762, the Dutch recaptured Matara Fort, without any significant resistance. Matara was the second most important fort, behind Galle fort, for the southern maritime provinces of the Dutch and a commanding base for some inland forts.
In 1796, the fort was ceremoniously handed over to the British. The Dutch and English culture and architecture can still be seen throughout the area. The lighthouse at Dondra Head was built by the Dutch, and it is considered one of the oldest lighthouses in Sri Lanka. The two fortresses, the Matara fort and the Star fort, that were built by the Dutch can be found in the city. Other important Colonial works are the St Mary's Church and the marketplace at Nupe Junction.
The most famous thinkers who lived in the area are Kumaratunga Munidasa and Gajaman Nona. The ethnic majority of Matara is Sinhalese; during the 16th and 17th centuries Moors arrived in the area as traders from Arabia. Today their descendants coexist with Sinhalese peacefully as an ethnic minority.
Attractions
Matara is a busy, booming and sprawling commercial town. Matara's main attractions are its ramparts, Dutch architecture, a well-preserved fort and its street life.
Parey Dewa (Rock in Water) or Paravi Dupatha temple is a relatively modern Buddhist temple on Pigeon Island (a small offshore island) in front of the city. It is reached by an elegant cable-stayed footbridge, which was erected in 2008 (replacing an earlier bridge, which was washed away in the 2004 tsunami). The temple is set in attractive gardens and houses numerous statues of Buddha and a replica of the alleged footprint found on Adam's Peak.
Weragampita Rajamaha Viharaya Temple
Matara Bodhiya, a Buddhist temple, which is the site of a sacred fig tree.
Matara fort/ramparts: The Matara fort was built in 1560 by the Portuguese and was substantially re-built by the Dutch in 1640, following the capture of Galle. The fort, which consists of a large stone rampart, occupies the promontory, which separates the Niwala River lagoon and the ocean.
Dutch Reformed Church, Matara was constructed within Matara fort by the Dutch in 1706. It was extensively remodeled in 1767, following the recapture of the fort in 1762.
Star Fort is on the western or landward side of the Nawali River. The fort was constructed by the Dutch following the Matara rebellion in 1761, to protect the main fort from attacks originating from the river. Construction of the unique star-shaped fort was completed in 1765.
Old Nupe Market was constructed in 1784 by the Dutch, about from Matara fort.
St Mary's Church is on Beach Road. The date on the doorway (1769) refers to the reconstruction following the 1762 Matara Rebellion.
Education
Universities
University of Ruhuna
Open University of Sri Lanka (regional centre)
Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology (regional centre)
University College of Matara
Schools
Sujatha Vidyalaya, established in 1929
Matara Central College, established in 1932
St. Thomas' College, established in 1844
Rahula College, established in 1923.
St. Mary's Convent established in 1908.
St. Servatius College, established in 1897
Mahamaya Girls' School established in 1932
St. Thomas' Girls' High School established in 1898
Matara Central College, established in 1932
Shariputhara Collage, established in 1927
Mahinda Rajapassa School, established in 2013
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
Rail
The Matara railway station, was the terminus of Sri Lanka Railways' Coastal Line, until an extension to Beliatta was opened in April 2019.
Road
Matara is a major transport hub in the country. It is served by the A2 highway, which runs through the city. It is also the southern terminus of stage 2 of the southern expressway E01 expressway (Sri Lanka) since March 2014.
See also
Railway stations in Sri Lanka
References
External links
District Secretariat – Matara
Populated places in Southern Province, Sri Lanka
pl:Matara (Sri Lanka) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matara%2C%20Sri%20Lanka |
Hamilton Grand is a prominent apartment building in St Andrews, Scotland. The building is located on Golf Place, beside the Old Course. It is seen in the coverage of the many golf tournaments played over the Old Course, and was featured in the 1981 film Chariots of Fire.
Grand Hotel
The building originally opened as the Grand Hotel in 1895 at the time of a rapid expansion of St Andrews as a popular tourist destination. It was built by businessman Thomas Hamilton, to overshadow the Royal & Ancient Golf Clubhouse, after reputedly being blackballed when he sought membership of the Club. The Grand Hotel was in a prime location to take advantage of two of the city's attractions: golf and sea bathing. Indeed, the hotel soon became very successful and even managed to attract royal clientele in the early years of the twentieth century. However, the hotel was requisitioned by the armed forces during the Second World War and never reopened as a hotel. Following the end of the war, there was a proposal to sell the building to the Roman Catholic Church as a residence and seminary. This plan caused much alarm among the more traditional Presbyterians in the town and was soon abandoned.
Hamilton Hall (student hall of residences)
The hotel was acquired by the University of St Andrews, was renamed Hamilton Hall after the Duke of Hamilton, then the Chancellor of the university, and was opened as a hall of residence in 1949. In 2004 the university announced that it was to sell the hall as the result of an unsolicited bid. Consequently, the university session 2005−06 was the last year that Hamilton Hall was open as a hall of residence. The building was sold for £20 million. In addition, it was decided that Eden Court—an annexe to the main hall—would also be sold. However, it was not bought by the same purchasers and has since become an annexe of McIntosh Hall, another student residence of the university.
Following refurbishment and renovation, the hall is planned to reopen as a number of private residences.
Development into Hamilton Grand
Wasserman Real Estate Capital obtained planning permission to convert the building into 23 luxury timeshare apartments.
In July 2006, work began on Hamilton Hall to convert it into a prestigious residence club, to be called The St Andrews Grand. While many options were considered for Hamilton Hall, a residence club bringing like-minded people together to preserve the Victorian building was considered the best option. Membership prices are between $1.3 and $3.3 million dependent upon the size of the flat, its view and its position within the building. Services were to include butlers, housekeeping, chefs, private and communal dining, spa and treatments for men and women, club/library, games/billiards room and courtesy cars.
By October 2008, Hamilton Hall had seen no renovation work and was in a state of disrepair. Several windows were broken or gone, leaving the inside open to the perils of Scottish weather, and the facade of the building was deteriorating. Many local residents have moved for the sale of Hamilton Hall from the owners and developers of the St. Andrews Grand, Wasserman Real Estate Capital, LLC.
In early 2009 a Scottish-based property development company took on the project management. A significantly revised plan (which included keeping the name 'Hamilton Hall') was to result in the development of 12 large and very luxurious apartments, in keeping with the history and traditions of St Andrews. A public announcement of the revised plan was expected in the spring of 2009.
The development did not take place. Having been repossessed by the bank, the property was to be put up for sale again. Jones Lang LaSalle in Scotland was selected by the lender (Heritable Creditor) to place the property on the market beginning in June 2009.
In December 2009 Hamilton Hall was acquired by US businessman Herb Kohler who intended to restore the building. In January 2011, Kohler announced that the building is renamed Hamilton Grand and presented the plan to convert it into 26 luxury apartments. The building opened in May 2013 and included Hams Hame, a basement pub and grill, open to the public. By the following month half of the apartments had been sold.
References
External links
Hamilton Grand website
1895 establishments in Scotland
St Andrews
Category B listed buildings in Fife
Defunct hotels in Scotland
Hotels established in 1895
Hotels disestablished in 1949
Apartment buildings in the United Kingdom
Hotel buildings completed in 1895
Listed hotels in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton%20Grand |
Adam Bomb (born Adam Brenner, 14 August 1963) is an American guitarist who worked with artists like TKO, Black 'N Blue, Steel Pulse, John Paul Jones, and Michael Monroe. His stage name is a play on the name Atom Bomb.
Early
In 1979, Adam Bomb and future Queensrÿche frontman Geoff Tate started a cover band called Tyrant. Later, Bomb joined the band TKO, with who he recorded the album In Your Face. In 1982, Bomb flew to LA and unsuccessfully auditioned for Kiss. He then moved to Hollywood and shared an apartment with Jeffrey Isbell (better known as Izzy Stradlin). He met neighbor, Tommy Thayer, a guitarist for the band Movie Star (which later evolved into Black N' Blue), who came up with the original idea that he should call his act 'Adam Bomb'. Movie Star opened for TKO at The Showbox in 1983. Adam recorded his first demos with producer Rick Keefer while playing gigs with Steeler as a replacement. One year later, Bomb recorded songs with drummer Chuck Ruff and bassist Cliff Williams of AC/DC, and finally finished his album Fatal Attraction.
The Adam Bomb Band
Bomb signed a management deal with Leber Krebs, and moved to NYC to start the Adam Bomb Band with former Billy Idol drummer Gregg Gerson, Billy Idol/Riot bassist Phil Feit, and Aerosmith guitarist Jimmy Crespo. They recorded Fatal Attraction in 1985. The band later moved again to Los Angeles, and for a time, opened for bands Armored Saint and Metallica.
The follow-up contained mainly left over material from their debut release, and so Pure S.E.X. (1989) had indifferent reviews.
2011
In 2011, Adam Bomb bassist Paul Del Bello and drummer Violet Cannibal had started recording on a CDs Rock On, Rock Hard, Rock Animal. The album had cover songs as well as original material. Bomb recorded "Affection" (written by Little Steven), continued touring, and lived around Europe occasionally. In July 2016, he recorded a single with drummer Bobby Reynolds, keyboardist Alan St Jon, saxophonist Arno Hecht, and Phil Feit.
Current
Adam Bomb – vocals, guitar
Past
Jimmy Crespo – guitar (1984–1985) (Aerosmith, Billy Squier, Rod Stewart)
Stevie Klasson – guitar (1988–1989) (Johnny Thunders)
Kurtis Schefter – guitar (1988) (Allanah Myles)
Alan St. John – keyboards (1996–1998) (Alice Cooper, Billy Squier, Foreigner)
Phil Feit - bass (1984-1987, 1990-1992, 1995) (Riot, Billy Idol, Joan Jett)
Kenny Aaronson – bass (1996–1998) (Dust, Rick Derringer, Billy Idol, Joan Jett)
Bobby Chouinard – drums (1987–1997) (Billy Squier, Alice Cooper, Gary Moore)
Sandy Slavin – drums (1985–1991) (Riot, Ace Frehley)
Gregg Gerson – drums (1984–1985, 1986–1987) (Billy Idol, Mayday, Sven Gali)
Jeff Consi – drums (1999–2000) (Nuno Bettencourt)
Dennis Marcotte aka KK McKay – bass (1999–2002)
Thommy Price – drums (Atomic Playboys, Billy Idol, Joan Jett)
Kiki Tornado – drums (2003–2004) (Sex Museum) and 2006 tour
Bobby Reynolds – drums, (2003, 2006.2007 2009 2012, 2013 )
Paul Del Bello – bass guitar, (2006–2012, 2014)
Violet Cannibal – drums, (2010–2012, 2016, 2018)
Kozzy Havokk - bass, (2019-2023)
Discography
Solo
Studio
1984 – Fatal Attraction
1989 – Pure SEX.
1993 – Grave New World
1999 – Get Animal
2000 – Get Animal 2
2001 – New York Times
2003 – Third World Roar
2004 – Acoustica
2005 – Rock Like Fuck
2009 – Crazy Motherfucker
2012 – Rock On, Rock Hard, Rock Animal
Comps
2004 – Bone Yard
With TKO
1981 – In Your Face
With Black 'N Blue
1985 – Without Love
With Steel Pulse
1988 – State of Emergency
With John Paul Jones
2001 – The Thunderthief
With Michael Monroe
2002 – Take Them and Break Them
2003 – Whatcha Want
2008 – Pirates of the Baltic Sea
References
External links
Official website
1963 births
American heavy metal guitarists
Guitarists from Washington (state)
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Bomb |
Ann Cotton (born 1950) is a Welsh philanthropist and entrepreneur.
Ann Cotton may also refer to:
Annie Cotton (born 1975), Canadian actress and singer
Ann Cotton (colonial Virginian) (fl. 1650s–1670s)
See also
Ann Cotten (born 1982), American-born German writer
Mary Ann Cotton (1832–1873), British serial killer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%20Cotton%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Raymond Lester "Trace" Armstrong III (born October 5, 1965), is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) for fifteen seasons from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. He played college football for Arizona State University and the University of Florida, and was recognized as an All-American. A first-round (12th overall) pick in the 1989 NFL Draft, he played professionally for the Chicago Bears, the Miami Dolphins and the Oakland Raiders. He was formerly the president of the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA), and he currently works as a sports agent.
Early life
Armstrong was born in Bethesda, Maryland in 1965. He attended John Carroll Catholic High School in Birmingham, Alabama, where he played high school football and lettered three years as an outside linebacker and defensive end for the John Carroll Cavaliers. Armstrong was an all-state selection and was named one of The Birmingham News''' top twelve players in Alabama as a high school senior.
College career
Armstrong accepted an athletic scholarship to attend Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona, where he began his college career as a defensive tackle for the Arizona State Sun Devils football team. He red-shirted in 1984, and as a freshman in 1985 he played in ten games with three starts, totaling thirty-two tackles (two for a loss).
As a sophomore in 1986, Armstrong was a back-up with two starts on the 10–1–1 Sun Devils that finished fourth in the AP poll and defeated the Michigan Wolverines in the Rose Bowl. He recovered a key fumble in the Sun Devils' defeat of the USC Trojans that sealed the Devils' Rose Bowl bid. He finished the 1986 season with twenty-six tackles (one for a loss—a quarterback sack), one forced fumble and one fumble recovery.
As a junior starter in 1987, Armstrong had a key role in the defeat of the Oregon State Beavers, when he sacked Erik Wilhelm in the end zone for a safety that began an 11–0 scoring run by the Sun Devils in sealing a 30–21 win. The 1987 Sun Devils finished No. 20 in the final AP poll after defeating Air Force in the 1987 Freedom Bowl. Armstrong ended the 1987 season with fifty-one tackles (ten for-a-loss including a team-leading seven sacks). He was an honorable mention All-American by both the AP and UPI.
Armstrong was denied a final year of eligibility by the NCAA due to an "academic mix-up," which he could only recoup if he transferred to another school. However, he was granted immediate eligibility after the NCAA waived its transfer rule in an unusual academic status case from high school which allowed the transfer.
As a result, Armstrong transferred to the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, and played his final college season for coach Galen Hall's Florida Gators football team in 1988. He was recognized as a first-team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) selection and a first-team All-American at defensive tackle. He set a new Gators single-season record for most tackles for a loss with nineteen, including seven sacks. In all, Armstrong recorded fifty-nine tackles with forty-one of those solo. He finished his college career on the sidelines in the Gators' 14–10 win over the Illinois Fighting Illini in the All American Bowl on December 29, 1988. He underwent arthroscopic surgery to repair his left knee two weeks before the bowl game and could not play.
Armstrong ended his college career with 169 tackles, including thirty-two tackles for losses and fifteen quarterback sacks. He graduated from the University of Florida with a bachelor's degree in liberal arts in 1989, and returned to earn a master's degree in business administration in 2006. As part of a fan poll conducted by The Gainesville Sun in 2006, he was voted to the Florida Gators 100th Anniversary Team as a defensive lineman together with other Gators like Jack Youngblood, Wilber Marshall and Kevin Carter. Armstrong was also inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Gator Great" in 2000." Nine Selected to Florida Athletic Hall of Fame," GatorZone.com (November 3, 1999). Retrieved August 25, 2011.
Professional career
Chicago Bears
The Chicago Bears selected Armstrong in the first round (12th overall pick) of the 1989 NFL Draft. He played for the Bears for six seasons from to . He signed with the Bears on August 18, 1989; his total package was a reported $2.2 million over four years.
After the Bears' 47–27 victory at Detroit on September 27, 1989, Armstrong perhaps made his first NFL mark.
After reporting late to training camp because of a contract dispute, and then struggling through the first
two games of the season, Armstrong finally found his niche at left defensive end against the Lions, making five solo tackles,
defending a pass and getting his first pro sack by dumping Lions quarterback Bob Gagliano. Armstrong finished his rookie season with five sacks and was voted All-Rookie. His teammates voted him the winner of the Brian Piccolo Award for "courage, loyalty, teamwork, dedication, and sense of humor."
The following season, 1990, Armstrong notched ten sacks, the first of five seasons he reached double-digits. He was NFC Defensive Player of the Month in September 1990, in which he totaled twenty-five tackles, five sacks, two forced fumbles, one fumble recovery, and one pass defended.
In 1991, he recorded only 1.5 sacks, in part because although he was the starting left defensive end he moved to defensive tackle in the Bears "nickel defense," perhaps cutting down on his pass-rush opportunities. He was slated to play that spot again in 1992, however, the development of Alonzo Spellman allowed Armstrong to play end in all situations. As a result, his sack total was a 6.5.
On March 16, 1993, Armstrong re-signed a three-year $3 million deal with the Bears which was reported to make him one of the five highest-paid players on the team. In 1993, Armstrong notched 11.5 sacks and forced three fumbles. He was named NFC Defensive Player of the Week for three tackles, one forced fumble, two fumble recoveries, and two sacks in a Thanksgiving Day win over Detroit. He also had six tackles and two sacks at Philadelphia on October 10, 1993, and then career-best 2.5 sacks at Kansas City on November 21, 1993.
In 1994, his last in Chicago, he had 7.5 sacks. In the playoffs that season, against the Minnesota Vikings, January 1, 1995, Armstrong recorded both of the Bears' sacks in a 35–18 win over the Vikings for which he was awarded the NFC Defensive Player of the Week award.
Miami Dolphins
On April 4, 1995, the Dolphins traded a second and third-round draft pick for Armstrong. He was acquired to fill a role as a designated pass rusher, a player who comes into the game in likely passing downs in an effort to give the team's pass rush a boost. This is a role Armstrong filled the rest of his career; however, in five seasons, injuries to the starting ends forced Armstrong into a starting role. On October 12, 1995, Armstrong signed a five-year $8.9 million contract extension with the Dolphins.
In 1996, Armstrong started nine games and recorded twelve sacks. He remained the starter in 1997 and returned to the "designated rusher" role in 1998.
He was named as the NFL's Defensive Player of the Week for postseason games played January 8–9, 2000. In the Dolphins 20–17 win over the Seattle Seahawks on Sunday, January 9, 2000, Armstrong helped a defense which limited Seattle to 32 total yards in the second half. He registered five tackles, three sacks and one quarterback hurry on the day.
He led the AFC in quarterback sacks (16.5) in 2000 with the Miami Dolphins while recording 7 forced fumbles, also a career-high. He also made the Pro Bowl for the only time in his career. He did this despite not starting a single game, making him the first so-called designated pass rusher to go to the Pro Bowl since Fred Dean was voted to the 1983 post-season all-star game.
Oakland Raiders
Armstrong signed a free-agent contract with the Raiders in 2001. The Raiders offered him a six-year deal worth approximately $18.5 million. However, the first two years were to pay approximately $8 million, including a $5 million signing bonus. In his three years with the Raiders, Armstrong earned $9 million.
Armstrong sustained an Achilles tendon injury on September 30, 2001, causing him to miss the final thirteen games of the 2001 season. In 2002 and 2003, Armstrong was pressed into a starting role due to injuries of the so-called "run down defense" of the Raiders. He started eight games at right defensive end in 2002 after Tony Bryant was hurt, and he started seven games at left defensive end when Lorenzo Bromell was injured in 2003.
Armstrong suffered his own injuries in 2002 and 2003. In 2002 it was a groin injury that put him in the injured-reserve list and in 2003, he injured a shoulder in November which ended his 2003 season after ten games.
While in Oakland, he was the twentieth player in NFL history to record 100 career quarterback sacks, and finished his career with a total of 106.5. (When he retired, he was sixteenth in the all-time sack leader list.) Following the 2003 season, he was released from the Oakland Raiders after failing a physical due to several substantial injuries incurred while in Oakland and retired from the NFL afterwards. According to NFLPA records, in his fifteen NFL seasons Armstrong earned approximately $23 million in salary and bonuses.
NFL Players Association
While playing in the NFL, Armstrong served as the president of the NFL Players Association (NFLPA) for eight years (1996–2003). In 2009, Armstrong stood for election to become the full-time executive director of the NFLPA, a position left vacant by the death of Gene Upshaw. Although he was considered a favorite for the job, he lost the election to Washington, D.C.-based attorney DeMaurice Smith.
Life after the NFL
Armstrong formerly served as the agent for Penn State Nittany Lions coach James Franklin, former NFL head coach Marty Schottenheimer, former Michigan Wolverines head coach Brady Hoke, Dallas Cowboys head coach Mike McCarthy, former Tennessee head coach Butch Jones, former Kansas Jayhawks head coach Les Miles, former Texas Longhorns head coach Tom Herman, and Houston Cougars head coach Dana Holgorsen, among others. He is also the agent for several broadcasters such as Peter Gammons, Chris Mortensen, Dan Le Batard, and Stugotz (John Weiner). Armstrong currently lives in his former college hometown, Gainesville, Florida, with his wife Tami and three sons.
See also
1988 College Football All-America Team
Florida Gators football, 1980–89
History of the Oakland Raiders
List of Chicago Bears first-round draft picks
List of Chicago Bears players
List of Florida Gators football All-Americans
List of Florida Gators in the NFL Draft
List of Miami Dolphins players
List of University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame members
References
External links
Trace Armstrong profile by the Oakland Raiders
Picture of Armstrong as a Gator
Bibliography
Carlson, Norm, University of Florida Football Vault: The History of the Florida Gators, Whitman Publishing, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (2007). .
Golenbock, Peter, Go Gators! An Oral History of Florida's Pursuit of Gridiron Glory, Legends Publishing, LLC, St. Petersburg, Florida (2002). .
Hairston, Jack, Tales from the Gator Swamp: A Collection of the Greatest Gator Stories Ever Told, Sports Publishing, LLC, Champaign, Illinois (2002). .
McCarthy, Kevin M., Fightin' Gators: A History of University of Florida Football, Arcadia Publishing, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina (2000). .
Nash, Noel, ed., The Gainesville Sun Presents The Greatest Moments in Florida Gators Football'', Sports Publishing, Inc., Champaign, Illinois (1998). .
1965 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
Presidents of the National Football League Players Association
American football defensive ends
Arizona State Sun Devils football players
Chicago Bears players
Florida Gators football players
Miami Dolphins players
Oakland Raiders players
Sportspeople from Bethesda, Maryland
Players of American football from Montgomery County, Maryland
Brian Piccolo Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace%20Armstrong |
Kvithammer or Kvithammar is a village in the Skatval area of the municipality of Stjørdal in Trøndelag county, Norway. It is located in the western part of the municipality, about northwest of the town of Stjørdalshalsen. The village has a population (2018) of 216 and a population density of .
Kvithammar is mainly known for the Bioforsk Grassland and Landscape Division which is an agricultural research station in the area. It is located on the Skatval peninsula, about south of the Forbordsfjellet mountain.
References
Villages in Trøndelag
Stjørdal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvithammer |
The Astati were a Paulician sect in the 9th century, the followers of Sergius. They prevailed much under Emperor Nicephorus I, but later, under Michael I Rhangabes, they were curbed with very severe laws.
References
Paulicians
9th century in the Byzantine Empire
Religion in the Byzantine Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astati |
The Nanticoke River is a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay on the Delmarva Peninsula. It rises in southern Kent County, Delaware, flows through Sussex County, Delaware, and forms the boundary between Dorchester County, Maryland and Wicomico County, Maryland. The tidal river course proceeds southwest into the Tangier Sound, Chesapeake Bay. The river is long. A 26-mile ecotourism water trail running along the River was set aside in July 2011 by Delaware state and federal officials, contiguous with a 37-mile water-trail extending through Maryland to the Chesapeake Bay.
Some of the main tributaries that feed the Nanticoke on the west-side include: Cow Creek; Jack Creek; Wapremander Creek; Marshyhope Creek; and the east side: Gravelly Fork, Gum Branch, and Broad Creek. Notable towns and communities situated along the river include Nanticoke, Bivalve, Vienna, and Sharptown in Maryland; and further north the city of Seaford, Delaware.
According to a study paid for by the town of Vienna, the English explorer John Smith travelled up the Nanticoke River and mapped it, and visited with Native Americans in their settlement, now believed to be Vienna.
The river was dredged in 1990 and 2013 to facilitate shipping travel along the course.
See also
List of rivers of Delaware
List of rivers of Maryland
Notes
References
Tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay
Rivers of Delaware
Rivers of Maryland
Rivers of Caroline County, Maryland
Rivers of Kent County, Delaware
Rivers of Sussex County, Delaware
Water trails | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanticoke%20River |
"Fear Her" is the eleventh episode of the second series of the British science-fiction series Doctor Who, first broadcast on BBC One on 24 June 2006. It was written by Matthew Graham and directed by Euros Lyn.
The episode takes place in London on the day of the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony. In the episode, the alien time traveller the Doctor (David Tennant) and his travelling companion Rose Tyler (Billie Piper) investigate the lonely girl Chloe Webber (Abisola Agbaje), who has the ability to make people disappear by drawing them.
The episode was brought in to be a low-budget replacement for a script by Stephen Fry that had been pushed back. Location work was filmed mainly in the Tremorfa area of Cardiff in January 2006, with other scenes shot in Cardiff and in the studio in Newport in January and February. Graham was asked to write an episode primarily for children which would soften the much darker finale that would be broadcast after. The episode was watched by 7.14 million viewers in the UK, and was given an Appreciation Index of 83. The episode received praise from reviewers for the acting and the housing estate setting, and was criticised for having a "formulaic" and "ordinary" plot which "plods along". Graham received letters from children who enjoyed the episode, while also later discovering that adult fans' reactions were poor.
Plot
In London, on the day of the opening ceremony of the 2012 Olympic Games, the Tenth Doctor and Rose investigate the disappearance of three children and a spot of fresh tarmac which cars momentarily break down on. They realise that the source of the problems is a solitary 12-year-old girl named Chloe Webber. She has the unique ability to cause people to disappear by drawing them, causing Dale Hicks, Danny Edwards and Jane McKillen to go missing. The Doctor hypnotises Chloe and finds out that she is possessed by an immature Isolus, an alien that travels through space with a family of four billion siblings. Six days ago, this particular Isolus crashed its pod to Earth due to a solar flare. The Isolus relates to and befriends Chloe, who had a troubled childhood. The Isolus has also caused Chloe to draw a life-sized, exaggerated figure of her late, abusive father.
The Doctor explains that if they can find the Isolus pod and provide it power, the alien will leave Chloe. A frantic Chloe draws the TARDIS and the Doctor, trapping them both in one of her sketches and forcing Rose to try to find the pod herself. She rationalises that the pod is located on the hottest spot on the street, a patch of fresh tarmac, and digs it up with council equipment. Meanwhile, Chloe has caused the entire crowd at the Olympic stadium to disappear and now is set on making everyone in the world disappear. Rose realises that the pod is powered by both heat and emotion and throws it towards the Olympic Torch—a symbol of hope, fortitude, courage, and love—as it passes down the street. The missing children and the crowd at the Olympics reappear, and Rose realises that the drawing Chloe had made of her father will similarly come to life. Chloe and her mother, Trish, are able to calm Chloe by singing the "Kookaburra" song, causing the unseen monster—having fed off of Chloe's emotions and fears—to disappear.
As the torch bearer approaches the Olympic Stadium he collapses, and the Doctor promptly and suddenly appears, picks up the torch, and completes the run to light the Olympic Flame. The heat of the flame and the emotion of the crowd power the pod, allowing the Isolus to leave Chloe and return home.
Production
Writing
"Fear Her" was an overcommissioned episode, which replaced a planned but unproduced script by Stephen Fry. Writer Matthew Graham was told by showrunner Russell T Davies that it was going to be an inexpensive episode and had to take place on a housing estate, but Graham was nevertheless thrilled to be asked to write an episode. Graham stated in 2011 that they "set out to do right from the start" making the episode more aimed at children, rather than adults and older Doctor Who fans, as the much darker finale would be broadcast following it. Davies specifically asked Graham to write for his seven-year-old son.
Graham originally suggested a story about a man who had the ability to drain Earth of its beauty, but Davies preferred his own idea about the eerie nature of paintings or illustration. The Isolus was inspired by the villains in the 1978 film Invasion of the Body Snatchers. Early drafts of this episode were titled "Chloe Webber Destroys the Earth", and later, "You're a Bad Girl, Chloe Webber", with one such draft having the episode take place on another planet. Both of these titles were rejected by Davies as they were too long.
Casting and filming
Dame Kelly Holmes, who was mentioned in the episode, was considered for the part of the torchbearer, but was committed to Dancing On Ice at the time. Abisola Agbaje, who portrayed Chloe, was discovered at an after-school drama club, where casting director Andy Pryor had held auditions for the part. Agbaje had to play both Chloe's normal character and her character while being possessed by the Isolus, which Agbaje felt was "weird". When performing as the Isolus she had to whisper, and an echo was added in post-production. Agbaje found it "a bit hard to whisper" because she had a husky voice. A hand double for Agbaje drew the pictures, while the series' storyboarder Shaun Williams drew the father in the cupboard.
Due to Fry's script being dropped, production of some episodes of the second series had to be rescheduled, with "Fear Her" being produced alongside "The Idiot's Lantern". The majority of the episode, including exterior shots and the interior of Chloe's home, was filmed in the Tremorfa area of Cardiff from 24 to 31 January 2006. On 27 January, the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff was used for the Olympic Stadium. The cold temperatures experienced during filming were explained in the plot as part of the Isolus' endothermic nature. Studio work was mainly filmed from 1 to 4 February in Unit Q2, the Doctor Who studio space in Newport. Additional scenes including the TARDIS' materialisation were filmed in Cardiff on 6 and 10 February. Pick-up shots took place at Unit Q2 from 15 to 23 February.
Broadcast and reception
"Fear Her" was broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 24 June 2006. Overnight UK figures for the first broadcast of "Fear Her" was 6.6 million viewers, with a 39.7% audience share. Final consolidated ratings rose to 7.14 million, making it the twelfth most-watched programme on the channel for the week. The episode received an Appreciation Index of 83.
Graham was happy with the episode himself and received letters from "loads of kids" who enjoyed it. When discovering that older fans had reacted negatively, he thought, "Well, it's a shame that they have, but it wasn't meant for them". IGN's Ahsan Haque gave the episode a 5 out of 10 rating, calling it "flat and formulaic" and everything about it was "slightly underwhelming", though he thought what did work was the mother-daughter teamwork at the end and Agbaje being "sufficiently capable and creepy" as the possessed Chloe Webber. He also noted "annoying self-aggrandizing moments that made no sense and served only to make the episode feel unnecessarily campy", such as the audience disappearing from the stadium and the Doctor carrying the torch. Comparing the episode to "The Idiot's Lantern" in terms of plot, he felt that the latter was "far more entertaining" and that "Fear Her" lacked originality and humour. Dave Bradley of SFX awarded "Fear Her" three out of five stars, describing the plot as "ordinary" but thought it was "a decent breather before grander adventures to come". He particularly praised the dialogue and thought "the claustrophobic effect of limiting the action to one household works". Arnold T Blumburg, writing for Now Playing, gave the episode a grade of B+. He felt that the guest cast were "only just adequate", describing Agbaje's acting as "decent but not impressive", and that the story "plods along in places", but the story worked because of the "delightful" interactions between the Doctor and Rose and the feel-good ending.
In 2011, SFX published an article stating arguments for and against the episode. The "Defence" stated that, while some minor roles were played "broadly", Sosanya and Agbaje were "extremely good", defined Rose's role as an Inspector Lewis to the Doctor's Morse as "great to see", and opined that the unusual things happening in a typical housing estate and the lack of appearance from a monster were effective. The "Prosecution", on the other hand, described it as a "cheap filler" with a "cheesy" finale and called the lack of a monster a "severe disappointment". Topless Robot named it the third worst Tenth Doctor episode. In a poll conducted by Doctor Who Magazine in 2009 which asked readers to rank all 200 stories that had been released, "Fear Her" fell at 192 out of 200, making it the lowest ranked story of the revived series. In another poll conducted by Doctor Who Magazine in 2014 asking readers to rank every story that has been broadcast in the first 50 years of the show, "Fear Her" fell to 240 out of 241 making it not only the lowest ranked story of the revived series, but the second lowest ranked story of all time, just coming above The Twin Dilemma.
References
External links
TARDISODE 11
"the thirtieth olympiad" – episode trailer
Episode commentary by Euros Lyn, Abisola Agbaje and Steffan Morris (MP3)
"Fear Her" episode homepage
Tenth Doctor episodes
2006 British television episodes
2012 Summer Olympics
Doctor Who stories set on Earth
Television episodes about child abuse
Television episodes about spirit possession
Fiction set in 2012
Television episodes set in London
Olympic Games in fiction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear%20Her |
Maryland Route 310 (MD 310) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Maryland. Known as Cayots Corner Road, the highway runs from MD 213 at Cayots east to the Delaware state line east of St. Augustine in southern Cecil County. MD 310 was built east of St. Augustine by 1921 and west to what was then U.S. Route 213 (US 213) in the early 1940s. MD 310 was extended west when US 213 was relocated at Cayots in the early 1950s.
Route description
MD 310 begins at an intersection with MD 213 (Augustine Herman Highway) opposite Town Point Road in the hamlet of Cayots. The state highway heads east as a two-lane undivided road past Cayots Corner Road Spur, which heads north to another intersection with MD 213. MD 310 runs through farmland with some woods and homes as it follows the height of land between creeks that flow north into the Elk River and Back Creek and south into the Bohemia River. The highway intersects the southern terminus of MD 342 (St. Augustine Road) in the hamlet of St. Augustine. MD 310 reaches its eastern terminus just east of Old Telegraph Road at the Delaware state line. The highway continues east as Churchtown Road, which leads toward the village of Mount Pleasant.
History
Cecil County paved what is now MD 310—which has also been known as St. Augustine Road and Mount Pleasant Road—east of St. Augustine as a macadam road with state aid by 1915. The Maryland State Roads Commission removed an objectionable curve just east of Cayots in 1924. The remainder of the Cayots–St. Augustine section of MD 310 was improved between 1940 and 1942. MD 310's western terminus was originally at the intersection of MD 310 and what is now Cayots Corner Road Spur, where US 213 had a right-angle turn. After US 213 was relocated at Cayots to eliminate the turn in 1951, MD 310 was extended west to its present terminus. The highway was surfaced with bituminous concrete from Cayots to St. Augustine in 1979.
Junction list
Auxiliary route
MD 310A was the designation for Cayots Corner Road Spur, which ran from MD 310 north to MD 213 at Cayots. The highway was originally part of US 213; MD 310A was assigned to the spur after the U.S. Highway was relocated at Cayots in 1951. MD 310A was transferred from state to county maintenance through a December 27, 1979, road transfer agreement.
See also
References
External links
MDRoads: MD 310
MD 310 at AARoads.com
Maryland Roads - MD 310
310
Maryland Route 310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland%20Route%20310 |
Fron is a former municipality in the old Oppland county, Norway. The municipality has existed twice: from 1838-1851 and again from 1966-1977. The municipality was dissolved in 1977 and split up into the present-day municipalities of Nord-Fron and Sør-Fron which are both part of Innlandet county. The administrative centre of Fron was the village of Hundorp where the Sør-Fron Church is located.
History
The prestegjeld of Fron was established as a civil municipality on 1 January 1838 when the new formannskapsdistrikt law went into effect. On 1 January 1851, the municipality was divided in two. The northwest portion became Nord-Fron Municipality (population: 4,685) and the southeast portion became Sør-Fron Municipality (population: 3,421). During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee. On 1 January 1965, the Sjoa area (population: 413) was transferred from Nord-Fron to the neighboring municipality of Sel. Then, on 1 January 1966, the municipalities of Nord-Fron (population: 5,758) and Sør-Fron (population: 3,648) were merged to form a new Fron Municipality (with similar borders to the old Fron municipality that existed from 1838-1851 minus the Sjoa area which was then part of Sel). This merger was not well-liked among the residents of the new municipality. On 1 January 1977, the merger was reversed and Nord-Fron (population: 6,131) and Sør-Fron (population: 3,509) were recreated using their old borders from 1965.
Since that time, there have been talks about reuniting the two municipalities once again, but the plans have not come to pass. In the 2010s, Nord-Fron, Sør-Fron, and Ringebu looked into merging, but this did not happen. Nord-Fron also made inquiries to merge with Sel, but this did not happen either.
Name
The municipality (originally the parish) is named after the old Fron farm () since the first Fron Church was built there. The meaning of the name is uncertain, but it may come from the word which means "earth" or "land".
Government
While it existed, this municipality was responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment, social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads. During its existence, this municipality was governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor was indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council.
Municipal council
The municipal council of Fron was made up of representatives that were elected to four year terms. The party breakdown of the final municipal council was as follows:
Mayors
The mayors of Fron:
1966-1968: Paul Brenna (Ap)
1969-1975: Tollef Beitrusten (Ap)
1976-1977: Asbjørn Myrvang (Ap)
See also
List of former municipalities of Norway
References
Nord-Fron
Sør-Fron
Former municipalities of Norway
1838 establishments in Norway
1851 disestablishments in Norway
1966 establishments in Norway
1977 disestablishments in Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fron%2C%20Norway |
is a Philippine television sketch comedy show broadcast by QTV. Hosted by Jose Manalo and Wally Bayola, it premiered on December 5, 2005. The show concluded on August 6, 2007 with a total of 88 episodes.
Hosts
Jose Manalo
Wally Bayola
Co-hosts
Sugar Mercado
Gladys Guevarra
The Papa Bears
Michael 'Mitoy' Yonting
Dax Martin
Duane Lao
RJ Cruz
2005 Philippine television series debuts
2007 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
Philippine comedy television series
Q (TV network) original programming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H3O%3A%20Ha%20Ha%20Ha%20Over |
Darby O'Gill is a fictional Irishman who appears in the writings of Irish author Herminie Templeton Kavanagh, including her books Darby O'Gill and the Good People (1903) and Ashes of Old Wishes and Other Darby O'Gill Tales (1926).
Film
In 1959, the Walt Disney adapted Kavanaugh's works to the silver screen under the title Darby O'Gill and the Little People. In the film, O'Gill is an aging groundskeeper who engages in a friendly battle of wits with a leprechaun king, and is played by the actor Albert Sharpe.
One of the VeggieTales videos, The Wonderful Wizard Of Ha’s, has a protagonist whose name is Darby O’Gill (played by Junior Asparagus). However, the story itself is mainly a retelling of The Wizard of Oz.
Music
At least two American Irish-music bands have taken O'Gill's name under which to perform. Darby O'Gill operates in Portland, Oregon, while Darby O'Gill and the Little People center their performances in Las Vegas. Apart from the use of the name, the two bands have no connection.
References
Fictional Irish people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darby%20O%27Gill |
Bengal Volunteers Corps was an underground revolutionary group against the British rule of India. The group was functional from its inception in 1928 to the Indian independence.
The beginning
Subhas Chandra Bose organised a group of volunteers during the 1928 Kolkata session of Indian National Congress. The group was named Bengal Volunteers Corps and was under the leadership of Major Satya Gupta. Subhas Chandra Bose himself was the GOC. After the Calcutta session of the Congress was over, the Bengal Volunteers continued its activities, under the guidance of Satya Gupta, and was turned into an active revolutionary association.
Activities and notable members
Bengal Volunteers decided to launch 'Operation Freedom' in the early 1930s, primarily to protest against the police repression in different jails in Bengal. Notable members Bengal Volunteers include Benoy Basu, Badal Gupta and Dinesh Gupta.
Citations
References
Bengal Presidency
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
Subhas Chandra Bose | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal%20Volunteers |
The Mysian language was spoken by Mysians inhabiting Mysia in north-west Anatolia.
Little is known about the Mysian language. Strabo noted that it was, "in a way, a mixture of the Lydian and Phrygian languages". As such, the Mysian language could be a language of the Anatolian group. However, a passage in Athenaeus suggests that the Mysian language was akin to the barely attested Paeonian language of Paeonia, north of Macedon.
Inscription
Only one inscription is known that may be in the Mysian language. It has seven lines of about 20 signs each, written from right to left (sinistroverse), but the first two lines are very incomplete. The inscription dates from between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE and was found in 1926 by Christopher William Machell Cox and Archibald Cameron in Üyücek village, 15 km due south of Tavşanlı, in the Tavşanlı district of Kütahya province, near the outskirts of the classical Phrygian territory. The text seems to include Indo-European words.
The alphabet used resembles the Old-Phrygian alphabet, but some signs are quite different:
In the past there has been much confusion concerning the sibilants in the alphabet. Initially it was thought that the sign represented a sibilant, transcribed as š or z, but since 1969 it is known that it actually denoted a /j/ sound, transcribed as y. The sign was thought to be a sound not present in the regular Old-Phrygian alphabet and dubbed the "Mysian s", transcribed as ś, but it was in fact the regular s. The sign was formerly transcribed s, but it is in fact the equivalent of the Phrygian sign, probably denoting a /z/, /zd/, or /ts/ sound.
It is uncertain whether the inscription renders a text in the Mysian language or if it is simply a Phrygian dialect from the region of Mysia. Brixhe, discussing the existing literature on the inscription, argues that the language is Phrygian. The seventh line can be read as:
[.]lakes braterais patriyioisk[e]
The words "braterais patriyioisk[e]" have been proposed to mean something like "(for) brothers and fathers / relatives":
braterais is related to Phrygian βρατερε, Greek φρατήρ, Latin frater, English brother;
patriyiois is related to New-Phrygian pat(e)res (πατερης, πατρες: 'parents'), Greek πάτριος ('relative of the father'), Latin pater, English father;
and -ke is a Phrygian suffix meaning and, cf. Greek τε and Latin -que, 'and'.
Lakes (or -lakes, a first sign may be missing; alternatively, according to Friedrich, read ...likeś) is most probably a personal name. However, Friedrich indicates that the reading is variable, and writes "instead of k also p or a conceivably, instead of e[,] v is possible, instead of ś maybe i." (translated from the original German)
See also
Mysia
Mysians
References
External links
Titus texts:"Mysian" inscriptions
Palaeolexicon entry for the word ΠΑΤΡΙΖΙ
Palaeolexicon entry for the word ΒΡΑΤΕΡΑΙΣ
Mysia
Anatolian languages
Extinct languages of Asia
Extinct languages of Europe
Languages extinct in the 1st century BC
Unclassified languages of Asia
Unclassified Indo-European languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysian%20language |
Harald Naegeli (born 4 December 1939) is a Swiss artist best known as the "Sprayer of Zurich" after the graffiti he sprayed in the late 1970s onto walls and buildings in Zürich, Switzerland.
The "Sprayer of Zürich"
Naegeli has had a classic education as an artist, having studied at the Kunstgewerbeschule of Zürich and at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Naegeli's graffiti appeared beginning in September 1977 on the walls of Zürich. He used black spray-paint to paint wireframe figures on the walls of public and private buildings alike. He painted his graffiti anonymously at night, in places all over the city. The figures provoked a heated controversy in Zürich and indeed in Switzerland in general. Intellectuals and artists recognized the artistic value of Naegeli's works early on, but the general public and the Swiss authorities saw it only as an illegal and malicious defacement of property. Naegeli himself later said that he saw himself as a political artist and his graffiti were a political statement against the increasing anonymity in the city. The authorities issued an arrest warrant for him, but he was apprehended only in June 1979 when he returned to one of his paintings to collect his glasses that he had forgotten there. Until then, he had painted some 900 graffiti in Zürich. He evaded the trial by fleeing to Germany to his confidant, journalist and author Hubert Maessen, yet was sentenced in absentia to nine months in jail and a fine of CHF 206,000. His lawyers appealed, but the Supreme Court of Switzerland confirmed the sentence in November 1981. Since Naegeli had left the country, the authorities of Zürich issued an international arrest warrant for him. 72 Swiss artists signed a petition demanding that this arrest warrant be retracted, to no avail.
In Germany, his work was more appreciated as art, and Naegeli remained there for the next few years and became acquainted with Joseph Beuys, who was a neighbor of Maessen in the city of Düsseldorf. Naegeli continued to spray his characteristic wireframe graffiti in Cologne and Düsseldorf, and although they were not unanimously welcomed there either they caused much less discussion than they had in Zürich. In Cologne, he produced in 1980/81 a cycle of about 600 graffiti that became known as the Kölner Totentanz; most of these works were removed already the day after their creation by the city cleaning department. The mayor of Osnabrück even invited Naegeli to spray in his city, but Naegeli declined the offer. Adolf Muschg, an eminent Swiss writer and later professor for literature at the ETH in Zürich and one of the 72 artists who had signed the petition, commented later: "He doesn't work on commission. He does not sell out his rage". On 27 August 1983 Naegeli was arrested at Puttgarden on Fehmarn when he tried to cross over to Denmark, but was released again on bail. Germany was reluctant to grant the Swiss the extradition, but finally agreed to evict Naegeli. On 29 April 1984 Naegeli turned himself in to the Swiss police at the border crossing in Lörrach and subsequently served his jail sentence. Once released, he returned to Düsseldorf in Germany.
In Germany
Naegeli largely disappeared from the attention of the public in the late 1980s. He began focussing on drawings on paper and etchings. He calls his new works Partikelzeichnungen; they are composed of thousands of minuscule dots and small lines. This slow process is in stark contrast to his earlier graffiti that, by their very nature, were a very spontaneous means of expression.
Naegeli became a well-respected artist in Germany. In 1997, he produced a graffito for the University of Tübingen, and in 1998, he was called as a professor at the Thomas-Morus-Academy in Cologne. He has donated his Partikelzeichnungen to the Institute of Art History at the University of Tübingen.
Rehabilitation
Even the authorities of Zürich at long last recognized Naegeli's graffiti as art. The city restored one of the very few of his surviving graffiti in Zürich: Undine was created in 1978 on a building of the University of Zürich, located at Schönberggasse 9 (). When the building was renovated from 1995 to 2004, the graffito was considered "valuable art" by the building department and covered to protect it for the duration of the work. In October 2004, Undine was restored and other graffiti added later were removed.
References
Main sources:
Billeter, F.: Harald Naegeli: Der Sprayer von Zürich erregt – im doppelten Wortsinn – Aufsehen mit seinen Strichfiguren, in Bianchi, P. (ed.): Graffiti. Wandkunst und wilde Bilder; Birkhäuser, Basel 1984. . In German.
Other sources:
Further reading
Maessen, H.: Der Sprayer von Zürich: Kölner Totentanz, Cologne 1982, Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König. In German. .
Naegeli, H.: Mein Revoltieren, meine Spraybomben, mein Aufstand mit Poesie, Benteli Verlag, Bern 1979.
van Treeck, B.: Das große Graffiti-Lexikon, Berlin (Lexikon-Imprint-Verlag) 2001,
— Street Art Berlin, Berlin (Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf) 1999,
— Wandzeichnungen, Moers (Edition aragon) 1995,
— Graffiti Art #9 Wände, Berlin (Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf) 1998,
— Street Art Köln, Moers (Edition aragon) 1996,
External links
Two images of Naegeli from 1984, showing him at Lörrach in the company of Beuys when he turned himself in to the Swiss police.
Harald Naegeli: Summary at graffiti.org, with several images.
1939 births
Swiss graffiti artists
Living people
Artists from Zürich | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harald%20Naegeli |
Energen Resources Corporation was a subsidiary of Energen, formerly an oil and gas exploration and production company with headquarters in Birmingham, Alabama. The company had approximately 775 million barrels of oil equivalent proved, probable, and possible reserves and another 2.5 billion barrels of oil-equivalent contingent resources. These all-domestic reserves and resources were located primarily in the Permian Basin in west Texas. Energen also had operations in the San Juan Basin in northern New Mexico.
History
In 1999, Energen Resources Corporation completed the sale of its interest in 33 federal Gulf of Mexico blocks to Bellwether Exploration Company (Nasdaq: BELW) of Houston for $17 million.
On April 8, 2002, Energen Resources, the oil and gas acquisition and exploitation subsidiary of Energen Corporation, completed its planned acquisition of Permian Basin oil properties.
On August 2, 2004, Energen Resources closed on its previously announced purchase of San Juan Basin coalbed methane properties from a private company, for an adjusted purchase price of $263 million.
From 2009-2012, ERC invested about $1 billion in acquisitions to increase land position in the Permian Basin and accelerate oil growth.
In 2013 ERC sold its Black Warrior properties so that it could focus on developing Permian Basin properties.
in 2018 Energen was acquired by Diamondback Energy Inc.
References
Companies based in Birmingham, Alabama
Oil companies of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energen%20Resources%20Corporation |
Pipestone Creek is a waterway that runs through central Alberta, Canada. For example, over of Pipestone Creek parkland is situated in Millet, Alberta, with a combination of meadows and urban forest.
It originates east of Pigeon Lake and flows east. It is crossed by Highway2, Highway 2A, Highway 13, and the Canadian Pacific Railway tracks before it empties into the Battle River east of Wetaskiwin.
Tributaries include the Bigstone Creek, Huard Lake and Coal Lake. Long Lake and Watelet Lake are developed on the course of the creek.
This creek is unrelated to Pipestone Creek and Fossil Bed near Grande Prairie, Alberta.
See also
List of rivers of Alberta
Pipestone Creek (Saskatchewan)
Pipestone River (disambiguation)
References
Rivers of Alberta
Tributaries of Hudson Bay | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipestone%20Creek |
Yansab is a SABIC, affiliate company in Saudi Arabia, and is the largest SABIC petrochemical complex. It will has an annual capacity exceeding 4 million metric tons (MT) of petrochemical products including: 1.3 million MT (metric-tons) of ethylene; 400,000 MT of propylene; 900,000 MT of polyethylene; 400,000 MT of polypropylene; 700,000 MT of ethylene glycol; 250,000 MT of benzene, xylene and toluene, and 100,000 MT of butene-1 and butene-2.
Yansab is expected to employ 1,500 people in phase I and phase II.
SABIC owns 55% of YANSAB capital. SABIC affiliates Ibn Rushd and Tayef hold 10% of Yansab capital. 35% of Yansab is public stocks.
Fluor Arabia is the main U&O contractor on the Yansab project.
References
External links
Yansab
2006 establishments in Saudi Arabia
Chemical companies established in 2006
Companies listed on Tadawul
Companies of Saudi Arabia
SABIC | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanbu%20National%20Petrochemical%20Company |
Bent Ånund Ramsfjell (born 30 November 1967 in Oslo) is a Norwegian curler from Asker. He is the younger brother of Eigil Ramsfjell, multiple curling world champion and bronze medallist at the 1998 Winter Olympics competition in Nagano.
Ramsfjell played lead for the Norwegian team skipped by Pål Trulsen. With the team, Ramsfjell has won an Olympic gold medal (2002), a European Curling Championships gold medal (2005), a World Championships silver medal (2002), two World Championships bronze medals (2001 and 2003) and a European Championships bronze medal (2004).
At the 1997 World Championships, Ramsfjell played second for Trulsen, and it was Ramsfjell's first worlds. In 1992, Ramsfjell was the lead for his brother Eigil Ramsfjell at the European championships, and was his alternate at the 1989 European championships. Bent played second for Thomas Ulsrud at the 1989 World Junior Curling Championships. His son Bendik Ramsfjell is also a curler.
References
External links
1967 births
Curlers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Living people
Norwegian male curlers
Olympic curlers for Norway
Olympic gold medalists for Norway
Olympic medalists in curling
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Continental Cup of Curling participants
European curling champions
Sportspeople from Oslo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bent%20%C3%85nund%20Ramsfjell |
Theodore Sablay (born April 18, 1976) is an American musician, musical director and songwriter. He has been a touring guitarist and keyboardist for The Killers since 2006 and musical director for the band's live concerts since 2022.
Early life
Sablay was born in 1976 in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, the son of Maureen and Nonito Sablay, a doctor. His father also played piano and while his mother loved pop music. Sablay studied classical piano for four years as a child and switched to guitar at age 12. As an teenager, Sablay became interested in live music after seeing concerts by INXS, Steve Winwood, David Bowie and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers and decided to become a performer after seeing U2 and Paul McCartney. Educated at the University of Nevada Las Vegas, Sablay played in various local bands while in college during the 1990s, including Attaboy Skip with Killers drummer Ronnie Vannucci and Neon Trees bassist Branden Campbell and Expert On October with Vannucci and fellow Killers touring guitarist Taylor Milne. Sablay graduated from UNLV with a dual B.A. in Anthropology and Asian Studies and master's degree in accounting.
Music Career
The Killers
Sablay has played piano on "Romeo and Juliet" on the band's compilation album Sawdust, engineered sessions for the Killers' 2008 album Day & Age, worked as a music consultant on Flamingo, the 2010 solo album by Killers singer Brandon Flowers, and played lead guitar on "Dustland," the 2021 Killers collaboration with Bruce Springsteen.
Sablay has contributed bass to Vannucci's side project Big Talk and Flowers' second solo album, The Desired Effect. In 2017, Sablay was picked to fill in for Dave Keuning on lead guitar during live dates supporting the Killers' album, Wonderful Wonderful. In 2022, Sablay became The Killers music director, supervising musical arrangements for live concerts. He currently switches between lead and rhythm guitar during Killers concerts.
Solo career
In 2021, while remaining a touring musician for the Killers, Sablay began his solo career,
releasing the singles "Just Out of Reach" and "Fall Out of Love." In 2022, Sablay released his first solo album, You'll Be Back Here Soon, amassing over 500,000 Spotify streams as of October 2022.
Las Vegas Weekly wrote that the album is “an impressive debut that warrants immediate, repeated plays” and the song "I Only Care About You" as one of its favorite local songs of the year. FV Music Blog described Sablay as "an outstanding talent," while Divide and Conquer Magazine gave the "You'll Be Back Here Soon" 4.2 out of 5 stars, describing the album as being "everything a rock record should be: well-constructed songs, accessible melodies, shifting textures and tones"..
In 2023, Sablay began touring nationwide, opening a number of dates for The Killers and The Wallflowers.
Musical influences
According to an official FAQ, Sablay's influences include The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, Paul McCartney, John Lennon, U2, The Smiths, Johnny Marr, Oasis, Noel Gallagher, The Kinks, Tom Petty, The Wallflowers, Sade, Paul Simon, Tom Waits, Talking Heads, David Byrne, Mark Knopfler, The War On Drugs and Supergrass.
References
External links
Official site: www.tedsablay.com
1976 births
American multi-instrumentalists
American musicians of Filipino descent
The Killers members
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%20Sablay |
Flectonotus is a genus of frogs of the family Hemiphractidae. They are found on the Andes of northeastern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela as well as in Trinidad and Tobago.
Taxonomy
The genus has been considered to include Fritziana, but the latter genus was recognized again in 2011. The former Flectonotus consisted of two geographically disjunctive components, one from northern South America (=Flectonotus, as understood today) and the other from southeastern Brazil (now Fritziana). The distinctiveness of these taxa is now well established and based on both molecular, behavioural, and morphological characters.
Species
There are two Flectonotus species:
Flectonotus fitzgeraldi (Parker, 1934)
Flectonotus pygmaeus (Boettger, 1893)
References
Hemiphractidae
Amphibians of South America
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by Alípio de Miranda-Ribeiro | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flectonotus |
Divinópolis de Goiás is a municipality in northeastern Goiás state, Brazil.
Geography
Divinópolis de Goiás is part of the Vão do Paranã statistical micro-region, which consists of 12 municipalities with 88,913 inhabitants in a total area of 17,452.90 km2. Divinópolis is one of the farthest towns from the state capital and one of the most isolated and poorest. The distance to Goiânia is 642 km. Highway connections are made by BR-153 / Anápolis / Alexânia / BR-060 / Planaltina / GO-430 / GO-118 / BR-010 / São João da Aliança / Alto Paraíso de Goiás / Teresina de Goiás / Monte Alegre de Goiás / GO-447 / Vazante. (64 km. unpaved road).
It is part of the diocese of Formosa, a diocese that has an area of 47,604.7 km2 and a population of 285,427 inhabitants. A curiosity is that there are only 23 priests and 45 nuns for this enormous area.
It is bordered in the north by the state of Tocantins and in the east and south by the municipality of São Domingos.
Villages (povoados): Monte Santo
Hamlets (Aglomerados): Mangabeira, Porteiras and Vazante
Demographics
Population density: 6.43 inhabitants/km2
Total population in 1980: 4,244
Total population in 2007: 5,344
Urban population: 3,116
Rural population: 2,228
Population growth rate: 0.58%
The economy
The most important economic activities are cattle raising and modest production of rice, bananas, sugarcane, and corn. In 2007 there were 51 commercial units. There were no banks.
Motor vehicles (automobiles and pickup trucks): 117 (2007)
Number of inhabitants per motor vehicle: 45.6
Agricultural data 2006
Farms: 314
Total area: 81,731 ha.
Area of permanent crops: 246 ha.
Area of perennial crops: 1,753 ha.
Area of pasture: 45,641 ha.
Area of woodland and forests: 30,202 ha.
People dependent on agriculture: 1,100
Cattle herd: 58,277
Health and education
Literacy rate: 74.8%
Infant mortality rate: 23.93 in 1,000 live births
Hospitals: 01 (2007)
Hospital beds: 26
Schools: 9 with 1,895 students
Divinópolis de Goiás was ranked 224 out of 242 municipalities in the state of Goiás on the United Nations Human Development Index with a score of 0.675 (data from 2000). Nationally it was ranked 3,375 out of 5,507 municipalities. Data are from 2000.
History
The settlement of the region began in 1880 with the Galheiros Ranch, owned by Inácia Ferreira Lima, who incentivated the arrival of settlers from the state of Bahia. Lands were donated to build a chapel to São João Bautista (Saint John the Baptist) and soon houses began to appear. In 1890 the village (povoado) was raised to the status of district belonging to São Domingos with the name of Galheiros, taking the name of the ranch with the same name. In 1958 it separated and became a municipality with the same name. This was changed to Cirinópolis in 1964 in honor of Luis Pereira Cirino, who had fought hard to make it a municipality. Later, in 1989 the name was changed to Divinópolis de Goiás.
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
Microregions of Goiás
References
Municipalities in Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divin%C3%B3polis%20de%20Goi%C3%A1s |
Digimon Battle Spirit 2 is a fighting video game released for WonderSwan Color in 2002 and Game Boy Advance in 2004. It was developed by Dimps and published by Bandai based on the fourth season of the Digimon anime, Digimon Frontier. It was originally released in Japan for the WonderSwan Color handheld in December 2002 with the title . It was later ported to the Game Boy Advance for the Western market, released in North America in September 2003, and Europe in August 2004.
Gameplay
This is a battle game between Human Spirit Digimon. Unlike most fighting games, the winner is not determined by having the most health, but the most blue or red "D-Spirits", which are released whenever the player strikes an opponent. When the player has damaged the opponent enough to fill the gauge at the top, the character's Beast Spirit is activated whenever they attack, allowing them to temporarily digivolve to a higher level, and attack with greater force. Also, yellow diamonds are released during Beast Spirit attacks, and filling the diamond gauge enables the player to momentarily warp digivolve to Ancient Level and fire a powerful attack, before returning to normal (this depletes the diamond gauge to zero). Once all of the Human Spirit Digimon are defeated, the player must then defeat Cherubimon. Cherubimon's name is Kerpymon in this game.
There is also a mini-game, where Digimon are used like marbles, and are fired at other Digimon on the board to knock them out of the arena.
Plot
The plot echoes that of Digimon Frontier: Several children receive messages on their cell phones asking them if they want their lives to change. Some answer yes, some answer no. Five who answer yes are summoned to the Digital World where they receive the ability to become Digimon and fight to end Cherubimon's reign of terror.
Characters
(Eng/Jp)
Agunimon/Agnimon
Lobomon/Wolfmon
Fairymon/Kazemon
Beetlemon/Blitzmon
Kumamon/Chuckmon
Aldamon/Ardhamon/ExAgunimon (Agunimon sprite)
Beowolfmon/Beowulfmon/ExLobomon (Lobomon sprite)
Löwemon
Reception
Digimon Battle Spirit 2 received "mixed or average reviews" according to the review aggregator Metacritic.
References
External links
2002 video games
Battle_Spirit_2
Dimps games
Game Boy Advance games
Platform fighters
Video games developed in Japan
WonderSwan Color games
Multiplayer and single-player video games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digimon%20Battle%20Spirit%202 |
Steve Jordan (born January 14, 1957) is an American musical director, producer, songwriter, and musician. Currently, he is the drummer for The Rolling Stones. During the 1970s and 1980s, he was a member of the bands for the television shows Saturday Night Live and Late Night with David Letterman.
In the early 1980s, Jordan was a member of the band Eye Witness along with Anthony Jackson on bass, and Manolo Badrena on percussion. Since the mid 1980s, Jordan has also been a member of the X-Pensive Winos, the side project of Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards. Jordan and Richards have been production and songwriting partners on many of Richards's solo works. In 2005, he became a member of the John Mayer Trio. Jordan also formed the band The Verbs, which he fronts, with his wife Meegan Voss. On August 5, 2021, it was reported that Charlie Watts had elected to sit out the resumption of the US No Filter Tour due to a heart procedure surgery and that Jordan would temporarily replace him on drums. Following Watts' death, he has played with the Stones both live and in studio.
Early life
Jordan attended New York City's High School of Music and Art, graduating in 1974.
Jordan was a teenager when he became an honorary member of Stevie Wonder’s band WonderLove. He also was a substitute drummer in the band Stuff in 1976 and played with Joe Cocker on his American tour. Later, he played drums for the Saturday Night Live band in the 1970s. When John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd toured as The Blues Brothers in the late 1970s, Jordan was their drummer, and recorded on their resulting albums, credited as Steve "Getdwa" Jordan. He did not, however, appear in the film of the same name. Jordan also played in the New York 24th Street Band with Will Lee, Clifford Carter, and Hiram Bullock, which later became Paul Shaffer and the World's Most Dangerous Band, which played on Late Night with David Letterman from 1982 to 1986.
Career
X-Pensive Winos and Chuck Berry
Jordan, along with fellow Shaffer alumnus Anton Fig, appeared on the Rolling Stones' 1986 release Dirty Work, playing percussion, not drums, contrary to rumors. Keith Richards then hired Jordan to play on Aretha Franklin's cover of "Jumpin' Jack Flash" for a film of the same name.
According to Richards, Jordan kept asking Richards on the plane ride home from the recording session with Franklin in Detroit, to be included in the upcoming documentary by Taylor Hackford Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll, a tribute to Chuck Berry. Richards had been hoping to include Charlie Watts in the project but when that proved unfeasible, Jordan was hired and he appeared in many scenes with Berry and Richards. The success of that project led to Jordan's membership in Keith Richards and the X-pensive Winos, a band that toured and recorded three albums, Talk is Cheap (1988), Main Offender (1992), and Crosseyed Heart (2015). Jordan co-produced all three albums and is credited with songwriting, along with Richards. One of those collaborations made it onto the Billboard Hot 100 via the Rolling Stones Steel Wheels album version in 1989: "Almost Hear You Sigh" peaked at number 50 (U.S.) and 31 (U.K.) in December of that year.
The Verbs
Jordan formed a band with his wife, Meegan Voss, who fronted the all-girl punk bands the PopTarts and the Antoinettes, and they have toured and recorded under the band name The Verbs. They toured Japan in 2007 in support of their first release, And Now... The Verbs. They followed their debut album with Trip, the next release by Jordan and Voss. As in their previous release, this album features Tamio Okuda on lead guitars, Pino Palladino on bass and additional classic guitar work by Danny "Kootch" Kortchmar.
Producing and performance career
Jordan has recorded with such artists as Don Henley, John Mellencamp, Andrés Calamaro, Cat Stevens, Bob Dylan, Sonny Rollins, B.B. King, Stevie Nicks, Sheryl Crow, Neil Young, Donald Fagen, Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, Kelly Clarkson, and many more. He is featured on James Taylor's 1998 DVD, Live at the Beacon Theatre.
Jordan is a Grammy Award-winning and nominated producer with Robert Cray's album Take Your Shoes Off and Buddy Guy's Bring 'Em In, respectively. He has played on Alicia Keys' "If I Ain't Got You" and Bruce Springsteen's Devils and Dust, and he produced the Grammy Award-winning John Mayer album Continuum (2006), John Scofield's That's What I Say, Possibilities by Herbie Hancock, and 23rd St. Lullaby and Play It As It Lays with Patti Scialfa.
Jordan is interviewed on screen, was a musical director, led the house band and appears in performance footage in the 2005 documentary film Make It Funky!, which presents a history of New Orleans music and its influence on rhythm and blues, rock and roll, funk and jazz.
In 2006, Jordan joined Eric Clapton's touring band for Clapton's "European Tour 2006", which included seven sold-out shows at the Royal Albert Hall. He continued in Clapton's band as they toured North America in 2007.
In 2008, Jordan produced and played percussion on one track for Los Lonely Boys' third album, Forgiven, at East Side Stages in Austin, Texas.
In 2009, Jordan received another Grammy Award nomination - the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media, for his work on the soundtrack scoring film for the movie Cadillac Records.
In 2013, Jordan produced the Boz Scaggs album Memphis.
John Mayer Trio
Jordan is a member of the John Mayer Trio, a blues rock power trio that consists of Jordan, on drums and backing vocals, bassist Pino Palladino and guitarist-singer John Mayer. The group was formed in 2005 by Mayer as a change from his pop-acoustic career. The trio released the record Try! on November 22, 2005. The 11-track live album includes cover songs, such as Jimi Hendrix's "Wait Until Tomorrow", and "I Got a Woman" by Ray Charles, two songs from Mayer's release Heavier Things, as well as new songs written by Mayer, in addition to three songs written by Jordan, Mayer, and Palladino. They are: "Good Love Is On the Way", "Vultures" and "Try". Jordan and Mayer also produced the album together on the Columbia Records label.
The trio also performed on December 8, 2007, in Los Angeles, California at the L.A. Live Nokia Theatre for the 1st Annual Holiday Charity Revue, which raised funds for various Los Angeles related charities. The DVD/CD release, entitled Where the Light Is: John Mayer Live in Los Angeles features Palladino on bass and Jordan on drums.
Jordan would later collaborate with Mayer and Charlie Hunter by writing "In Repair", the 11th track from Mayer's 2006 album Continuum. Jordan also contributed to Mayer's fourth album, Battle Studies; videos of the conceptual/recording sessions can be viewed on YouTube.
Super Soul Band
Jordan also belongs to an all-star funk group, that "is redefining the idea of a supergroup." The band consists of Jordan on the drums, Wayne Cobham, Eddie Allen, Clifton Anderson, and Clark Gayton on the horn section. Willie Weeks on bass, Mix Master Mike, Isaiah Sharkey, and Ray Parker Jr. on guitar.
The Rolling Stones
On August 5, 2021, it was announced that Jordan would replace Rolling Stones drummer Charlie Watts on the Stones' 13-date US tour. Watts was first sidelined for health problems and died on August 24, 2021, at the age of 80 after a short illness. Keith Richards recounted in his 2010 autobiography that in the 1980s Watts told him that if he ever wanted to work with another drummer, "Steve Jordan’s your man."
Discography
With The Blues Brothers
Briefcase Full of Blues, 1978
Made in America, 1980
Best of the Blues Brothers, 1981
Dancin' Wid Da Blues Brothers, 1983
Everybody Needs the Blues Brothers, 1988
The Definitive Collection, 1992
The Very Best of The Blues Brothers, 1995
The Blues Brothers Complete, 2000
The Essentials, 2003
As sideman
With Casey Abrams
Casey Abrams (Concord, 2012)
With Arcadia
So Red the Rose (Parlophone, 1985)
With Patti Austin
Havana Candy (CTI, 1977)
With Bee Gees
Still Waters (Polydor Records, 1997)
With George Benson
In Your Eyes (Warner Bros. Records, 1983)
With Beyoncé
I Am... Sasha Fierce (Columbia Records, 2008)
With Booker T. & the M.G.'s
That's The Way It Should Be (Columbia, 1994)
With Ronnie Baker Brooks
Times Have Changed (Provogue, 2017)
With Solomon Burke
Like a Fire (Shout! Factory, 2008)
With Andrés Calamaro
Alta Suciedad (Gasa, 1997)
With J. J. Cale and Eric Clapton
The Road to Escondido (Reprise Records, 2006)
With Felix Cavaliere
Castles in the Air (Epic, 1979)
With Kelly Clarkson
Stronger (RCA Records, 2011)
With Bootsy Collins
Tha Funk Capital of the World (Mascot, 2011)
The Power of the One (Bootzilla, 2020)
With Sean Costello
Sean Costello (Tone-Cool Records, 2004)
With Cracker
Gentleman's Blues (Virgin Records, 1998)
With Robert Cray
Take Your Shoes Off (Rykodisc, 1999)
Shoulda Been Home (Rykodisc, 2001)
In My Soul (Provogue, 2014)
Robert Cray & Hi Rhythm (Warner Bros., 2017)
That's What I Heard (Nozzle, 2020)
With Steve Cropper
Dedicated – A Salute to the 5 Royales (429 Records, 2011)
With Sheryl Crow
C'mon, C'mon (A&M Records, 2002)
Threads (Big Machine Records, 2019)
With Bob Dylan
Down in the Groove (Columbia Records, 1988)
With Donald Fagen
The Nightfly (Warner Bros. Records, 1982)
With Ricky Fanté
Rewind (Virgin, 2004)
With Roberta Flack
Roberta (Atlantic Records, 1994)
With Robben Ford
Tiger Walk (Blue Thumb, 1997)
With Bernard Fowler
Inside Out (Rhyme & Reason, 2019)
With Aretha Franklin
Aretha (Arista Records, 1986)
With Michael Franks
The Camera Never Lies (Warner Bros. Records, 1987)
With Jeffrey Gaines
Somewhat Slightly Dazed (Chrysalis Records, 1994)
With Debbie Gibson
Think with Your Heart (EMI, 1995)
With Vince Gill
Down to My Last Bad Habit (MCA Records, 2016)
With Bunky Green
Visions (Vanguard, 1978)
With Josh Groban
Bridges (Reprise Records, 2018)
Harmony (Reprise Records, 2020)
With Hall & Oates
Our Kind of Soul (U-Watch Records, 2004)
With Herbie Hancock
Possibilities (Hear Music, 2005)
With Major Harris
How Do You Take Your Love (RCA Records, 1978)
With Don Henley
The End of the Innocence (Geffen, 1989)
With Cissy Houston
Cissy Houston (Private Stock Records, 1977)
Face to Face (BMG, 1996)
He Leadeth Me (A&M Records, 1997)
With Garland Jeffreys
Don't Call Me Buckwheat (BMG, 1991)
Wildlife Dictionary (RCA Records, 1997)
The King of In Between (Big Lake, 2011)
Truth Serum (Luna Park, 2013)
With Billy Joel
River of Dreams (Columbia Records, 1993)
With Libby Johnson
Annabella (Wrong Records, 2006)
With Alicia Keys
The Diary of Alicia Keys (J Records, 2003)
As I Am (J Records, 2007)
Keys (RCA Records, 2021)
With Steve Khan Eyewitness
Eyewitness (Antilles, 1981)
Modern Times (also released as Blades) (Trio/Passport, 1982)
Casa Loco (Antilles, 1984)
With B.B. King
Deuces Wild (MCA Records, 1997)
With K'naan
Country, God or the Girl (A&M Records, 2012)
With Labelle
Back to Now (Verve, 2008)
With Cyndi Lauper
At Last (Epic Records, 2003)
With Bettye LaVette
Things Have Changed (Verve, 2018)
Blackbirds (Verve, 2020)
LaVette! (Jay-Vee, 2023)
With Lori Lieberman
Letting Go (Millennium Records, 1978)
With Taj Mahal
Evolution (The Most Recent) (Warner Bros., 1978)
With Ziggy Marley
Dragonfly (Private Music, 2003)
With Amanda Marshall
Tuesday's Child (Epic Records, 1999)
With Bruno Mars
Unorthodox Jukebox (Atlantic Records, 2012)
With John Mayer
Heavier Things (Columbia, 2003)
Continuum (Columbia, 2006)
Battle Studies (Columbia, 2009)
The Search for Everything (Columbia, 2017)
With John Mayer Trio
Try! (Columbia, 2005)
With Melanie
Phonogenic – Not Just Another Pretty Face (Midsong International, 1978)
With John Mellencamp
Cuttin' Heads (Columbia Records, 2001)
With Keb' Mo'
The Door (Epic Records, 2000)
BLUESAmericana (Kind of Blue Music, 2014)
Moonlight, Mistletoe & You (Concord Records, 2019)
With Ian Moss
Soul on West 53rd (Liberation, 2009)
With Ivan Neville
If My Ancestors Could See Me Now (Polydor Records, 1988)
Thanks (Iguana Records, 1995)
With The Neville Brothers
Brother's Keeper (A&M, 1990)
With Stevie Nicks
Rock a Little (Parlophone Records, 1985)
With Odyssey
Hollywood Party Tonight (RCA Victor, 1978)
With David Paich
Forgotten Toys (The Players Club, 2022)
With Sam Phillips
The Indescribable Wow (Virgin Records, 1988)
With The Pretenders
Get Close (Real, 1986)
With Don Pullen
Montreux Concert (Atlantic, 1977)
With Nicole Renée
Nicole Renée (Atlantic Records, 1998)
With Keith Richards
Talk Is Cheap (Virgin, 1988)
Main Offender (Virgin, 1992)
Crosseyed Heart (Republic, 2015)
With LeAnn Rimes
Spitfire (Curb Records, 2013)
One Christmas: Chapter 1 (Iconic Records, 2014)
Remnants (RCA Records, 2016)
With Mark Ronson
Uptown Special (Columbia Records, 2015)
With Boz Scaggs
Dig (Virgin Records, 2001)
Memphis (429 Records, 2013)
A Fool to Care (429 Records, 2015)
With Helen Schneider
Let It Be Now (RCA Records, 1978)
With Patti Scialfa
23rd Street Lullaby (Columbia, 2004)
Play It as It Lays (Columbia, 2007)
With John Scofield
Who's Who? (Arista, 1979)
Electric Outlet (Gramavision, 1984)
That's What I Say: John Scofield Plays the Music of Ray Charles (Verve Records, 2005)
With John Sebastian
Tar Beach (Shanachie, 1992)
With Brian Setzer
The Knife Feels Like Justice (EMI, 1986)
With Feargal Sharkey
Wish (Virgin Records, 1988)
With Bruce Springsteen
Devils & Dust (Columbia Records, 2005)
Wrecking Ball (Columbia Records, 2012)
With Candi Staton
Chance (Warner Bros. Records, 1979)
With Mike Stern
Upside Downside (Atlantic, 1986)
With Cat Stevens
Back to Earth (Island Records, 1978)
With Rod Stewart
Soulbook (J Records, 2009)
With Andrew Strong
Strong (MCA Records, 1993)
With James Taylor
New Moon Shine (Columbia Records, 1991)
With Toto
Fahrenheit (CBS, 1986)
With Bonnie Tyler
Faster Than the Speed of Night (Columbia Records, 1983)
With Neil Young
Landing on Water (Geffen, 1986)
With Steven Van Zandt
Freedom – No Compromise (EMI, 1987)
Equipment
Jordan plays Yamaha Drums, Paiste Cymbals and Remo drumheads. He has signature drumsticks from Vic Firth.
Acoustic Drums:Yamaha Maple Custom
14" x 6.5" snare drum or a 13" x 6.5" Steve Jordan Signature snare drum
20" x 16" bass drum
12" x 8" rack tom
14" x 14" floor tom
Paiste:
17" Signature Traditionals Thin Crash (as hi-hat top)
17" Signature Dark Energy Crash (as hi-hat bottom)
20" Masters Dark Crash Ride
22" Traditionals Light Ride
Drumheads:
Jordan endorses Remo drumheads and uses Coated Vintage A's and Coated Ambassadors on the toms and snares and either a Coated Powerstroke 3 or a Coated Ambassador on the bass drum.
Drumsticks:
"Steve's Signature stick is light and long for great touch and sound around the drums and cymbals." In hickory. L = 16 ½"; Dia. = .525" Jordan discussed their use in a video interview for Vic Firth.
References
External links
Steve Jordan video interview
Living people
African-American drummers
The High School of Music & Art alumni
Musicians from New York City
American rock drummers
African-American record producers
American session musicians
Paul Shaffer and the World's Most Dangerous Band members
The Blues Brothers members
American funk drummers
American male drummers
1957 births
American rhythm and blues drummers
American jazz drummers
American blues drummers
American soul musicians
Booker T. & the M.G.'s members
Grammy Award winners
American multi-instrumentalists
Record producers from New York (state)
Soul drummers
John Mayer Trio members
20th-century American drummers
Saturday Night Live Band members
Jazz musicians from New York (state)
American male jazz musicians
Primetime Emmy Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Jordan%20%28drummer%29 |
KTKA-TV (channel 49) is a television station in Topeka, Kansas, United States, affiliated with ABC and The CW Plus. It is owned by Vaughan Media, LLC, which maintains joint sales and shared services agreements (JSA/SSA) with Nexstar Media Group, owner of NBC affiliate KSNT (channel 27) and low-power, Class A Fox affiliate KTMJ-CD (channel 43), for the provision of certain services. The stations share studios on Northwest 25th Street (US 24), near the unincorporated community of Kiro (with a Topeka mailing address), while KTKA-TV's transmitter is located along Southwest West Union Road west of Topeka.
History
Early history
The station first signed on the air on June 20, 1983, as KLDH (for original owner Larry D. Hudson), becoming the third commercial television station in the Topeka market. Channel 49 has been an ABC affiliate since its sign-on; prior to its debut, ABC programming had been relegated in the market to off-hours clearances on CBS affiliate WIBW-TV (channel 13) and NBC affiliate KTSB (channel 27, now KSNT); WIBW had been a secondary ABC affiliate since it signed on in November 1953, with ABC network programs that the station was unable to clear airing on KTSB beginning with its sign-on in December 1967.
The inception of channel 49 made Topeka one of the last television markets in the United States to have full-time affiliations from all three networks. Most of the area, however, could receive the entire ABC schedule from KMBC-TV in Kansas City or KQTV in St. Joseph. Both KMBC-TV and KQTV decently covered Topeka over the air, and KMBC-TV continued to be available on cable in Topeka for decades until Cox Communications removed the station from its lineup on March 6, 2013, due to frequent programming blackouts from enforcement of syndication exclusivity and network non-duplication rules. Channel 49 originally operated from studio facilities located in downtown Topeka at 101 SE Monroe.
However, KLDH was plagued by technical problems during its first two years on-air, including a transmitter fire that knocked it off the air for a few weeks, as well as a total collapse of its transmitter tower due to heavy ice build-up shortly thereafter. To relay its signal to the entire market, KLDH operated translator station K58CX in Lawrence; this repeater ceased operations in 1999. In May 1986, the station was purchased out of bankruptcy by Northeast Kansas Broadcast Services (owned by Berl Brechner), who changed the call letters to the current KTKA-TV on December 7, 1987. That year, the station also signed on a second translator, K39BR in Junction City; that repeater operated until 2009.
In 1998, KTKA relocated its operations to new studio facilities located on 21st Street and Chelsea Drive in the southwestern side of the city; the following year, the station began sharing the facility with radio station KTPK (106.9 FM), which Brechner purchased through his Kansas Capital Broadcasting subsidiary in 1997.
On August 29, 2005, Northeast Kansas Broadcast Services, which had previously sold KTPK to JMJ Broadcasting Co. for $5.7 million earlier that year, sold KTKA-TV to Lawrence-based Free State Communications—an indirect subsidiary of the World Company, publisher of the Lawrence Journal-World and then-owner of Lawrence cable television provider Sunflower Broadband—for $6.2 million. Among those who considered buying KTKA included Bill Kurtis (who began his career in television journalism as a reporter for competitor WIBW-TV in the 1960s), who at the time of Northeast Kansas Broadcast Services' sale of the station, was considering purchasing a broadcast television outlet in Topeka; Kurtis, upon further consideration, decided against purchasing channel 49. On July 26, 2008, Free State Communications announced that it was putting KTKA up for sale; the company reversed course in October of that year, pulling KTKA from the sale block, unable to find any buyers.
LMA with KSNT and KTMJ-CA
On February 4, 2011, Free State Communications announced that it would sell KTKA to Los Angeles-based PBC Broadcasting for $1.5 million. As part of the deal, New Vision Television – then-owner of KSNT, and which already maintained shared services and local marketing agreements with PBC-owned stations in Youngstown, Ohio and Savannah, Georgia, would operate KTKA-TV under a local marketing agreement. Despite objections to the sale by the American Cable Association, who alleged the sale could give the virtual triopoly involving KSNT, KTKA and KTMJ-CA too much leverage in negotiations for retransmission consent agreements, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the sale on July 21, 2011. PBC officially consummated on the purchase one week later on July 28. As a result, on July 30, 2011, KTKA merged its operations with KSNT and KTMJ-CA at the two station's facilities on Northwest 25th Street.
On May 7, 2012, LIN TV Corporation announced that it would acquire the New Vision Television station group, including KSNT and KTMJ-CD, for $330.4 million and the assumption of $12 million in debt. Along with the outright ownership of KSNT and KTMJ, the agreement included the acquisition of New Vision's shared services agreement with PBC Broadcasting, giving LIN operational control of KTKA-TV. LIN and Vaughan Media (which concurrently purchased the PBC stations) also entered into a joint sales agreement to provide advertising services for KTKA. The sale of New Vision to LIN Media and KTKA's purchase by Vaughan Media was approved by the FCC on October 2, with the transaction closing on October 12, 2012.
On March 21, 2014, Media General announced that it would purchase the LIN Media stations, including KSNT, KTMJ-CD, and the SSA/JSA with KTKA-TV, in a $1.6 billion merger. The FCC approved the merger on December 12, 2014, with the deal being consummated on December 19; however as a condition of the sale's approval, Media General was originally required to terminate the joint sales agreement between KTKA-TV and KSNT within two years, due to the FCC's ban on agreements involving the sale of advertising encompassing more than 15% of a separately-owned station's airtime.
KTKA-DT3
KTKA-DT3 is the CW+-affiliated second digital subchannel of KTKA-TV, broadcasting in high definition on channel 49.3. All programming on KTKA-DT3 is received through The CW's programming feed for smaller media markets, The CW Plus, which provides a set schedule of syndicated programming acquired by The CW during time periods without network programs; however, Vaughan Media handles local advertising and promotional services for the subchannel. Its on-air branding, Northeast Kansas CW 5, is derived from the station's primary cable channel placement on Cox Communications channel 5.
History
KTKA-DT3's history traces back to the launch on September 21, 1998, of a cable-only affiliate of The WB that was originally managed and promoted by Cox Communications, alongside the launch of The WB 100+ Station Group, a national service that was created to expand coverage of The WB via primarily local origination channels managed by cable providers to smaller areas with a Nielsen Media Research market ranking above #100. The channel–which was branded on-air as "WB5", in reference to its primary cable position on Cox Communications in its Topeka service area–used the callsign "WBKS" (for "WB Kansas"), an unofficial callsign assigned by Cox as it was a cable-exclusive outlet not licensed by the Federal Communications Commission. Before the launch of "WBKS", viewers in the Topeka market received WB network programming from the network's January 1995 launch via the superstation feed of Chicago affiliate WGN-TV; residents in the far eastern portions of the market began receiving the network over-the-air through Kansas City affiliate KCWB (now CW affiliate KCWE) from its sign-on in September 1996, then from KSMO-TV when that station took over the market's WB affiliation in January 1998.
On January 24, 2006, Time Warner and CBS Corporation announced that the two companies would respectively shut down The WB and UPN to create The CW, which would feature programs from its two predecessors as well as new series that were produced specifically for the jointly-owned network. A national feed of the network, The CW Plus, was created by The CW as a replacement for The WB 100+ Station Group to allow the existing cable outlets as well as low-power analog stations and digital subchannels of major network affiliates in smaller markets that had joined The WB 100+ in the years following its launch to maintain a network affiliation. On April 10, 2006, Montecito Broadcast Group signed an affiliation agreement with The CW, allowing KSNT to serve as the network's Topeka affiliate (through The CW Plus) via its second digital subchannel. Montecito took over the operations of "WBKS" (now rebranded as "Northeast Kansas CW 5") on September 18, 2006, when The CW officially launched, providing the channel with full market coverage over-the-air.
On November 1, 2008, KSNT displaced CW programming from its 27.2 subchannel in favor of a standard-definition simulcast of Fox affiliate KTMJ-CA (which KSNT's then-owner New Vision Television acquired from Montgomery Communications earlier that year) to relay the station's programming to areas in the far northern and eastern fringes of the Topeka market that could not receive KTMJ's low-power signal; then-KTKA owners The World Company subsequently took over the operations of "Northeast Kansas CW 5", moving it to the station's third digital subchannel. By the end of 2016, KTKA-DT3 upgraded its signal resolution to 720p high definition.
Programming
KTKA-TV carries the entire ABC programming schedule; however, it airs an alternate live feed of ABC World News Tonight at 6 p.m. (opting to air a rebroadcast of KSNT's 5:00 p.m. newscast in the network newscast's recommended 5:30 p.m. timeslot), and broadcasts the network-syndicated Weekend Adventure block one hour earlier than most ABC affiliates due to the absence of a morning newscast on Saturdays. Syndicated programs broadcast on KTKA () include Jeopardy!, Rachael Ray, The Doctors, Tamron Hall, Family Feud and Judge Judy. Topeka is one of the few markets where Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune air on separate stations; Wheel airs on CBS affiliate WIBW-TV.
KTKA also airs select games from the Kansas State Wildcats football team to be broadcast on ESPN College Football on ABC.
Newscasts and local programming
KTKA-TV presently broadcasts 16 hours of locally produced newscasts each week (with three hours each weekday and a half-hour each on Saturdays and Sundays); newscasts originate from sister station KSNT with all but one of them being simulcasts; KTKA airs a live newscast unique to its channel at 5:30 p.m. on weekedays. Unlike most ABC affiliates, the station does not carry newscasts on weekday middays or in the early evenings on Saturdays and Sundays.
Channel 49 established a news department when it signed on in 1983, with the debut of Newsline 49, a half-hour newscast that aired at 6:00 p.m. each weeknight and at 10:00 p.m. seven nights a week. By the mid-1990s, newscasts were added on weekday mornings and at 5:00 p.m. In September 1999, KTKA debuted The Locker Room Show, a sports highlight and discussion program that initially aired Friday nights after the late-evening newscast, focusing on high school and college athletics. This was followed by October 2001 the debut of Contacto Latino, a monthly magazine program focusing on issues pertinent to northeast Kansas' Hispanic and Latino community.
Throughout the 18-year run of KTKA's original news department (which was renamed 49 Eyewitness News in 1989, then to News Source 49 in 1995), the station's newscasts never gained much traction against WIBW-TV and KSNT, continually remaining in third place behind its established competitors. As a result of the continued viewership struggles and a decline in compensation revenue from ABC, KTKA shut down its news department on April 19, 2002, causing the layoffs of nine full-time and 17 part-time staffers; as a result of the shutdown of the original news department, KTKA-TV became one of the few Big Three affiliates that did not air any local newscasts—a group that includes fellow ABC affiliate KDNL-TV in St. Louis, CBS owned-and-operated station WWJ-TV in Detroit, and NBC affiliate WTWC-TV in Tallahassee, Florida.
The station replaced its weekday morning and 10:00 p.m. newscasts with syndicated programming, with its early-evening newscasts on weeknights being replaced by Talk of the Town, a local infotainment program—hosted by former WIBW-AM-FM radio host Betty Lou Pardue – featuring a mix of interviews, community event, sports, weather and entertainment segments. In addition, the station continued to produce short weather updates each weeknight at 5:00, 6:00 and 10:00 p.m. Due to low ratings (registering its lowest viewership by the May 2003 sweeps period with a 0 share), Talk of the Town was cancelled on July 11, 2003, resulting in the layoffs of six full-time and two part-time employees and the reassignment of two other production employees to channel 49's promotion and marketing department (the program was replaced by Extra and reruns of That 70's Show, respectively, at 5:00 and 6:00 p.m.); The Locker Room Show was also placed on hiatus before it was eventually cancelled that fall. Locally produced weather updates were dropped on July 31, 2003, when the contract of meteorologist Dave Relihan (one of the few holdovers from the former news department, who joined KTKA in July 2000 after a Shawnee County District Court judge settled a non-compete clause dispute between Relihan and his former longtime employer WIBW-TV) was not renewed. In September 2003, the station began airing local weather cut-ins on weekday evenings, which were produced by WeatherVision out of its headquarters in Jackson, Mississippi.
After being acquired by Free State Communications, the company decided to start a new news department for KTKA-TV, hiring 29 staffers and acquiring new software and hardware for the re-development of its news operations. On February 5, 2006, following ABC's telecast of Super Bowl XL and a post-game episode of Grey's Anatomy, the station restored news operations (under the brand 49 News) with the debut of a half-hour nightly late-evening newscast at 10:00 p.m.; the following day on February 6, KTKA debuted a 90-minute morning newscast (starting at 5:30 a.m. weekdays) titled Good Morning Kansas and a half-hour early-evening newscast at 6:00 p.m. on Monday through Saturday evenings. Under the ownership of The World Company, KTKA also shared news content resources with Lawrence-based sister cable news channel 6 News Lawrence. In September 2007, the station debuted a midday newscast at 11:00 a.m. weekdays. Free State heavily invested in the new news department, particularly in weather coverage, creating a large network of SkyCams throughout the Topeka market (including sites located in Lawrence, Emporia, Junction City and on the Kansas State University campus in Manhattan—the latter of which captured an EF4 tornado that hit the city on the evening of June 11, 2008), and the acquisition of a customized and modified Hummer H2 (known as the "49 StormTracker") for storm chasing.
However, the viewership struggles that arose with the original news department continued with the new operation; as a result, the station cancelled its weekday morning and midday newscasts on November 6, 2008, as part of budget cuts that resulted in the layoffs of nine employees.
As a result of the sale to PBC Broadcasting and local marketing agreement with New Vision Television, KSNT took over production of KTKA's newscasts, using existing staff from both stations. Weekday evening anchor Ben Bauman and chief meteorologist Matt Miller were among the KTKA staffers that joined the new joint operation. The station aired its final in-house newscast on July 29, 2011, with that evening's 10:00 p.m. newscast; KSNT started producing channel 49's newscasts the following day on July 30—beginning with the 6:00 p.m. newscast – under the uniform branding Kansas First News, with the two stations initially simulcasting newscasts on weekday mornings and at 6:00 and 10:00 p.m.; the early-evening newscast moved to 6:30 in September 2012 as an exclusive newscast, before moving to 5:30 p.m. in September 2012, now airing in the form of a rebroadcast of KSNT's 5:00 p.m. broadcast. At some point later on, KSNT replaced the rebroadcast with a live production. On May 4, 2013, KSNT and KTKA respectively became the second and third (and last) television stations in the Topeka market to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition.
Beginning with the 5:00 p.m. newscast on January 26, 2015, KSNT quietly dropped the Kansas First News brand, with the introduction of a new graphics package and news set, as well as a uniform logo scheme for all three stations (consisting of only the station's respective call letters and the logo of their affiliated network), with newscasts on KSNT, KTMJ and KTKA being rebranded as KSNT News.
In March 2022, KSNT introduced a new logo and revived the 27 News brand across newscasts seen on both KSNT and KTKA. Newscasts continued to use the previous graphics and music from the KSNT News brand at the time.
Notable former on-air staff
Tim Joyce – meteorologist (now at KCPQ in Seattle, and KRCW-TV in Portland, Oregon)
In popular culture
A shotgun-wielding Annie Wilkes chases a KTKA TV news reporter and cameraman away from her home in Stephen King's 1987 novel Misery. At the time King wrote the book, KTKA, which he placed in Grand Junction, Colorado, did not exist.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
KTKA-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 49, at 12:01 a.m. on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 48. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 49. In mid-2010, the station relocated its digital signal to its former analog allocation on UHF channel 49.
See also
Channel 5 branded TV stations in the United States
Channel 16 digital TV stations in the United States
Channel 49 virtual TV stations in the United States
References
External links
KTKA-DT3 website – The CW 5
ABC network affiliates
Dabl affiliates
The CW affiliates
Antenna TV affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1983
Television stations in Topeka, Kansas
Nexstar Media Group
1983 establishments in Kansas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTKA-TV |
Banovići () is a town and municipality located in Tuzla Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina. The intensive development of Banovići began with the construction of the railway Brčko-Banovići in the year 1946. Due to its quality, brown coal from Banovići is well-known all over Europe.
Geography
Banovići Municipality is situated on the foothills of Konjuh mountain. Town settlement of Banovići was built on the embankments of Litva river. Its average height above sea-level is 332 meters. The municipality encompasses 185 km2 and it includes the following settlements:
Borovac, Banovići Selo, Ćatići, Milići, Mrgan, Repnik, Podgorje, Grivice, Treštenica Donja, Treštenica Gornja, Tulovići, Oskova, Željova, Omazići, Lozna, Seona, Pribitkovići, Stražbenica, and Gornji Bučik. According to the 1991 census, there were 26,507 inhabitants, out of the number there were 72% Bosniaks, 17% of Serbs, 2% of Croats and 9% of the others. According to some estimates in 2000, the population of Banovići is about 29,000, and a considerable number of them are refugees.
History
The oldest settlement known is located on Gradina hill at Tulovići village, dated from Pre-historical period, according to the material culture remaining. There is a system of caves in Pribitkovići village, rich in cave adornments. The origin of the central settlement's name is revealed by a stećak in Banović selo, which, beside ornaments and the lily flower carved into the stone, also has an inscription written in Bosnian Cyrillic script. There were several necropola of stećaks found, beside Banovići, that used to belong to Dramešin county: Stražba, Draganja, and Treštenica. The county and settlements are mentioned by this name also in Turkish sources. This name of the county was sustained until the 19th century.
The intensive development of Banovići began with construction of the Brčko-Banovići railway in 1946. There were only a few houses at Banovići settlement, but by 1961 there were already 4,611 inhabitants. The settlement acquired all features of a modern urban town environment. This is due to exploitation of quality brown coal and construction of a large number of industrial facilities of metal and non-metal industry, as well as construction of a modern road between Živinice and Zavidovići. Due to its quality, brown coal from Banovići is well-known all over Europe. The exploitation of brown coal is the basis of further development of Banovići, as well as of Tuzla Canton.
Tourism
The Municipality of Banovići has good preconditions for the development of tourism based on hunting on the slopes of Konjuh, as well as for the development of tourism based on fishing in several mountain rivers: the Oskova, the Krabanja, the Zlaća and the Studešnica. „Zlaća“ mountain motel is one of the best mountain recreation facilities in Tuzla Canton. „Zobik“ mountain house is well known to all those in Bosnia and Herzegovina who like nature. In the village of Pribitkovići there is Borovac, an interesting series of caves rich with cave ornaments. Mountain Konjuh is habitat of following animals: brown bear, deer, wolf, fox, boar, capercaillie, squirrel.
Economy
"RMU Banovići" is a Bosnia and Herzegovina-based company principally engaged in the mining industry. The company’s main activities are: underground exploitation, surface exploitation, separation and distribution of brown coal. The company operates the Banovići mines and the coal separation facility in Oskova. "RMU Banovići" has about 2.600 employees. It is one of the most successful coal mining companies in Bosnia and ex-Yugoslavia. RMU sells 60% of its output to the Tuzla Power Plant (coal-fired) located nearby and also supplies coal to Bosnian households and exports to Croatia and Serbia. "RMU Banovići" has invested 40 million KM in modernising its equipment over the last few years, helping it generate combined profits of 20 million KM (convertible marks).
Other important companies are: Stove factory "Helios", Building materials factory "FGO", Clothing factory "Borac", etc.
Culture
Building of "Radnički Dom" (Workers Dome/Centre) is a centre for cultural happenings. The building includes a radio station, city library, theatre and central restaurant. Radnički Dom is also "home" of a mural with motifs from Husinska buna (miners' rebellion in Husino) painted, in the early 1960s by one of the greatest Bosnian and ex-Yugoslavian painters, Ismet Mujezinović.
The city cinema hall was renewed few years ago and has a new name (BKC = Bosanski kulturni centar/Bosnian culture centre).
A youth centre "Pinkland" was created in 1995th to fill some of the social, cultural, and recreational gaps (those gaps resulted from the War in Bosnia). The centre offers classes in computers, music, painting, woodworking, and dance, as well as sports, summer camps, and picnics to more than 1,600 members. Pinkland cooperates also with the local schools, social authorities, police and other non-governmental organizations. The most important international partners are the Government of Canada, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), Finnish University Humak and Finnish NGO Etnokult.
Sport
FK Budućnost Banovići is the oldest sport club in the municipality of Banovići. In Bosnian Budućnost means "Future", which symbolizes the hope people had for the times to come when the club was founded in 1947. The club plays at the Gradski Stadion (eng. City Stadium), which has a capacity of 5,000. Their primary colours are dark green and black. This club has entered Republic league of Bosnia and Herzegovina in season 1978–79, which was their biggest success at that time.
Today, FK Budućnost Banovići is a member of the Football Association of Bosnia and Herzegovina. FK Budućnost were promoted to the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina in season 1998–99. Later, in season 2000–01, Budućnost played against FK Drnovice from the Czech Republic. Budućnost now plays in the First League of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Music
There were several bands in Banovići in the last few years. Some of them are still active, for example: Impuls, Aquarius and Domavia. Impuls had tens of gigs in town and in other places. Aquarius has recorded one music video. Domavia participated on BH Radio Festival. Enver Lugavić - Kice (guitarist and singer of ex - Loše Vrijeme) took 2nd place on OBN Music Talents Show in 2003. Finnish NGO Etnokult and Finnish University Humak are organizers of the Bosna Faces world music festival in cooperation with Pinkland in Banovici Chomy chome.
Scouting and mountaineering
Scouting community "Plamen" was formed on 1 September 1956. Since then community works on process of non-formal life education, informing and fun for young people through promotions of scouting activities, organization of scout competitions, picnics, summer camps and education about ecology. Community counts 150 active members.
Mountaineering club "Varda" exists for long time too. Their member, Miralem Husanović - Muri, has participated in several expeditions: Manaslu (Himalaya), Denali (Mount McKinley), Mont Blanc, Gran Paradiso, Matterhorn, etc.
Demographics
Twin towns – sister cities
Banovići is twinned with:
Bečej, Serbia
Labin, Croatia
Gallery
References
Official results from the book: Ethnic composition of Bosnia-Herzegovina population, by municipalities and settlements, 1991. census, Zavod za statistiku Bosne i Hercegovine - Bilten no.234, Sarajevo 1991.
Script about Tuzla Canton, 2001
External links
Official site
Cities and towns in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Populated places in Banovići
Municipalities of the Tuzla Canton | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banovi%C4%87i |
The Kenosha North Pier lighthouse or Kenosha Light is a lighthouse located in Kenosha, Wisconsin. "A typical 'Lake Michigan red tower'", it is a sibling to the Milwaukee Pierhead Light. This light was built in 1906 as a replacement for the old Kenosha Light. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
History
The station was established in 1856. This pierhead light is one of a succession of lighthouses in this location, which were needed as the structures were destroyed by natural processes, or became obsolete as the piers were greatly extended.
The current lighthouse was built in 1906. It stands 50 feet tall, with a gently tapered shape, topped with a cylindrical lantern. The walls of the tower are cast iron plates. Inside the tower, the first story is 12 feet six inches in diameter. From the first story, a curving cast iron stairway ascends to the second story. The third story contains meteorological equipment which is connected to the lantern above. A steel ladder leads to a trapdoor in the ceiling. The fourth story is the lantern room, which contains a modern acrylic beacon.
Located on the north pier, the pierhead light is listed in the United States Coast Guard light list and the United States Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System as the Kenosha Light. It currently is painted red, but the lighthouse also has been painted white in the past. The adjacent south pier and breakwater also had lighthouses, but now have cylindrical navigational lights. These included fog signal buildings and elevated iron catwalks, all of which have been removed.
In June 2008, the Kenosha Pierhead Lighthouse was deemed "excess" by the Coast Guard. Pursuant to the National Historic Lighthouse Preservation Act of 2000, it was offered at no cost to eligible entities, including federal, state and local agencies, non-profit corporations, educational agencies, or community development organizations. A deadline of July 21 was created for qualified organizations to express interest. At this time, no organization came forward.
In 2011, the excess property was put up for auction and was purchased by Heather McGee and John Burhani. Several murals have since been painted on it, and security cameras and lights were installed in 2016 to dissuade vandalism.
Directions
In Kenosha, cross the bridge to the island on 50th Street, and follow the road down to the beach at Simmons Island. From the beach, one can walk on the pier. The light is accessible for exterior inspection, but not open to the public.
See also
Kenosha Light - Near the north pier, on Simmons Island
References
Further reading
Havighurst, Walter (1943) The Long Ships Passing: The Story of the Great Lakes, Macmillan Publishers.
Oleszewski, Wes, Great Lakes Lighthouses, American and Canadian: A Comprehensive Directory/Guide to Great Lakes Lighthouses, (Gwinn, Michigan: Avery Color Studios, Inc., 1998) .
Sapulski, Wayne S., (2001) Lighthouses of Lake Michigan: Past and Present (Paperback) (Fowlerville: Wilderness Adventure Books) ; .
Wright, Larry and Wright, Patricia, Great Lakes Lighthouses Encyclopedia Hardback (Erin: Boston Mills Press, 2006) .
External links
Kenosha History Center.
Lighthouse friends article.
Satellite view, North Pier Lighthouse at Google earth.
kenoshalighthousestudio.com
Terry Pepper, Seeing the Light, Kenosha Pierhead & Breakwater Lights.
Wobser, David, Kenosha North Pier Head Light , Boatnerd
National Register of Historic Places in Kenosha County, Wisconsin
Lighthouses completed in 1906
Buildings and structures in Kenosha, Wisconsin
Lighthouses in Wisconsin
Piers in Wisconsin
Tourist attractions in Kenosha County, Wisconsin
1906 establishments in Wisconsin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenosha%20North%20Pier%20Light |
Theodore Roosevelt Dam is a dam on the Salt River located northeast of Phoenix, Arizona. The dam is high and forms Theodore Roosevelt Lake as it impounds the Salt River. Originally built between 1905 and 1911, the dam was renovated and expanded in 1989–1996. The dam is named after President Theodore Roosevelt. Serving mainly for irrigation, water supply, and flood control, the dam also has a hydroelectric generating capacity of 36 megawatts.
History
In 1888, Billy Breakenridge became surveyor for Maricopa County. He surveyed the Salt River for potential dam sites and in July 1889, he traveled with James McClintock, William J. Murphy, and John R. Norton to choose the best location. After a week on horseback, they reached Box Canyon, near the confluence of Tonto Creek and the Salt River. They recommended the location as the best site for a dam.
One of the original five federal projects authorized on March 14, 1903, under the Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902, Roosevelt Dam was the first major project to be completed under the new federal reclamation program. This, one of the world's highest masonry dams, was started in 1906 and opened by President Theodore Roosevelt on March 18, 1911. The beginning of federal production of electric power occurred at Roosevelt Dam when Congress, in 1906, authorized the Reclamation Service to develop and sell hydroelectric power at the Salt River Project.
The Reclamation Act of 1902 created the United States Reclamation Service whose purpose was to design and construct irrigation projects to aid the settlement of the arid west. Previous efforts by individuals and private irrigation companies were inadequate and often unsuccessful. With the creation of the Reclamation Service, the lead role of the federal government in developing large-scale irrigation projects was firmly established.
Construction on Roosevelt Dam began in 1903 just below the confluence of Tonto Creek and the Salt River. The primary purpose of the project was to provide water storage for the Salt River Project and flood control through the Salt River Valley. The dam was finished in 1911 after several devastating floods had interrupted the construction progress in 1905. Completed at a cost of $10 million, it was the largest masonry dam in the world for its time, surpassing the 135-foot Lake Hemet Dam with a height of 280 feet (84 m) and a length of 723 feet (216 m), while Roosevelt Lake was for a time the world's largest artificial reservoir. The dam was originally known as "Salt River Dam #1", it was not until 1959 that the dam and reservoir were officially named after Theodore Roosevelt.
Roosevelt Dam, as originally conceived and built, was a symbol of success and a showpiece for the new agency. The dam contributed more than any other dam in Arizona to the settlement of Central Arizona and to the development of large-scale irrigation there. A secondary purpose of the dam was to generate a moderate amount of hydroelectric power. The lake created behind Roosevelt Dam, known as Lake Roosevelt, could hold more than of water.
The dam was listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1963, but was withdrawn from the list in 1999.
Later expansion
In 1989, an ambitious expansion and renovation project was begun at Roosevelt Dam. The dam was resurfaced with concrete by J.A. Jones Construction Company, and its height was raised 77 feet (23 m) to 357 feet (109 m), which had the effect of increasing the storage capacity of Roosevelt Lake by roughly 20%. This project was completed in 1996 at a cost of $430 million. The $430 million in costs included three other major construction contracts associated with the dam. These included the realignment of Highway 188 over the new Theodore Roosevelt Lake Bridge upstream of the dam, renovations to the hydroelectric power plant, and a tunneling contract known as the "Lake Tap". The Lake Tap contract would provide locations where the penstocks would be located to bring water into the hydroelectric power plant. Shortly after completion, however, the area entered into a prolonged period of drought, and it would be some time before the newly increased capacity was put to use, with the lake finally reaching historic levels of 100% capacity in February 2009.
As a result of the reconstruction, the dam has a completely altered appearance from when it was originally listed as a National Historic Landmark. The original rubble-masonry dam was completely encased in concrete, and the structural height was extended from to . Since the dam no longer had the integrity of the design, materials, workmanship, feeling, or association that it had when it was originally listed, the National Historic Landmark designation was withdrawn on March 10, 1999. The Theodore Roosevelt Dam National Register District contains other resources that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, but the dam itself is no longer a contributing property to the district.
Gallery
References
External links
SRP Water Operations: Theodore Roosevelt Dam
Roosevelt Dam & The Apache Trail
Dams in Arizona
Hydroelectric power plants in Arizona
Former National Historic Landmarks of the United States
Buildings and structures in Gila County, Arizona
Buildings and structures in Maricopa County, Arizona
United States Bureau of Reclamation dams
Dams completed in 1911
Dams on the Salt River (Arizona)
Historic American Engineering Record in Arizona
1911 establishments in Arizona Territory
Masonry dams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Roosevelt%20Dam |
Stefania is a genus of frogs in the family Hemiphractidae. They are native to the highlands of the Guiana Shield in southern Venezuela, Guyana, and adjacent far northern Brazil. Most are restricted to the tepui highlands, but S. evansi also occurs in lowlands. On most mountains there are only 1–2 species from this genus, but five are known from Mount Ayanganna and the neighbouring Mount Wokomung has six species. They are usually found near streams at low levels on branches/leaves or on the ground among vegetation/rocks.
They are famous for their breeding strategy where the development from eggs to froglets is completed on the back of the female (the eggs hatch to froglets; there is no free-swimming tadpole stage). The common name carrying frog is sometimes used for Stefania species and it refers to this behavior. A comparable behavior can also be seen in the other genera in the family Hemiphractidae.
Species
There are 20 Stefania species:
References
Hemiphractidae
Amphibians of South America
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by Juan A. Rivero
Amphibians of the Tepuis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefania |
Vicús culture was an important early culture in Peru from 1000/200 BCE to 300/600 CE. They lived in the Piura region in the northern Pacific coast of Peru. Its administrative headquarters, located in the "Cerro Vicús", at an altitude of 170 meters above sea level, and which gives its name to this culture, served as a link with other Andean cities located further north.
The most important feature of this culture is agriculture, the basis for their economic development. It is known that they cultivated squash or mate, corn and some fruits, with advanced irrigation systems. These activities were complemented by livestock or hunting. The vicus, connoisseurs of the alloys of silver, gold and copper, even used these metals in the elaboration of their farming instruments.
It is known that Vicús was an eminently patriarchal society, where the men were the only ones who could wear jewelry and elegant clothing, while the women of the nobility could only wear very simple suits. The main instrument of control and social exploitation, backed by fierce militarism, was a strong contingent of noble warriors that scoured the domain to enforce the sovereign's mandates.
Their culture developed in three major stages:
Chavín Stage;
Regional development stage
Mochica stage of influence.
Art
They were known for their work in ceramics, copper, and gold. Living mainly on the coastal deserts, they used the native clay and local dyes to produce natural and religious symbols; modern day pottery from the town of Chulucanas is said to closely resemble the ancient art. They created Double spout and bridge vessel that created whistling sounds when pouring liquids.
See also
Moche culture
Notes
Further reading
External links
Vicús artwork, National Museum of the American Indian
Vicus pottery, Wereldmuseum Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Indigenous peoples of the Andes
Pre-Columbian cultures
History of Peru | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vic%C3%BAs%20culture |
"The Age of Steel" is the sixth episode of the second series of the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who. It was first broadcast on BBC One on 20 May 2006 and is the second part of a two-part story. The first part, "Rise of the Cybermen", was broadcast on 13 May.
The episode is set in London in a parallel universe. In the episode, the businessman John Lumic (Roger Lloyd-Pack) has overthrown Great Britain's government and taken over London. A human resistance movement seeks to stop Lumic's plan to convert humanity into Cybermen by destroying Lumic's transmitter controlling London's population.
Plot
Synopsis
The Tenth Doctor incinerates the Cybermen surrounding himself, Rose, Mickey, and the Preachers by using the recharging power cell from the TARDIS. The group escapes with Pete. As they flee, Pete explains to the Preachers that he is "Gemini", the Preachers' secret source of information on John Lumic. From his hovering zeppelin, moored near the Cyberman factory at Battersea Power Station, Lumic activates the EarPod devices and uses them to control the people of London, including Pete's wife Jackie, and bring them in to be upgraded.
Ricky is killed by the Cybermen while trying to scale a fence to meet Mickey. Mickey and Jake decide to board the Lumic's zeppelin to destroy the EarPod transmitter on board, Pete and Rose try to find Jackie inside the factory, and the Doctor and Mrs. Moore try to find their way to Lumic. Pete and Rose are captured by the Cybermen and taken to Lumic when a now-upgraded Jackie catches sight of them. The Doctor and Mrs. Moore discover every Cybermen contains an emotional inhibitor. He deduces that if he disables the signal from the inhibitors, the realisation of what they have become will kill the Cybermen. Mrs. Moore is killed by a Cyberman, and the Doctor is taken to Lumic, now upgraded as the Cyber Controller.
Mickey and Jake successfully disable the transmitter, causing the humans to flee the factory. The Doctor subtly tells Mickey over a surveillance camera to find the inhibitor code in the Lumic family's database. He finds it and sends it to Rose's phone. The Doctor plugs the phone into the computer systems, causing the inhibitor signal to drop and sending the army of Cybermen into despair. The Cybermen explode, setting the factory on fire, and Rose, the Doctor and Pete escape to the roof, where Mickey and Jake have control of the zeppelin. The enraged Cyber Controller attempts to follow, but Pete causes him to fall by destroying part of the ladder using the Doctor's sonic screwdriver.
The Doctor revives the TARDIS with the power cell. Rose reveals to Pete that she is his daughter from another parallel universe. Overwhelmed, Pete walks away. Mickey, feeling that Rose no longer needs him, decides to stay in the parallel universe to help care for Ricky's elderly grandmother (whose counterpart in Mickey's universe died years earlier) and to help the Preachers stop the remaining Cybermen.
Continuity
As noted by Noel Clarke on the commentary, Mickey phones Rose and says "I'm coming to get you!", which echoes the Ninth Doctor's words to her at the climax of "Bad Wolf".
Outside references
Pete derisively calls the Preachers "Scooby-Doo and his gang" and compares their van to the Mystery Machine.
Production
According to an interview with Andrew Hayden-Smith, and comments given by Russell T Davies in a press conference, Ricky and Jake were initially intended to be gay lovers. A deleted scene included in the Complete Series Two DVD box set confirms this.
This episode, along with "Rise of the Cybermen", was produced in the same production block as the series finale story, "Army of Ghosts"/"Doomsday". Location shooting took place at the Coal Exchange and Mount Stuart Square, Cardiff Bay. Footage from "Rose" — specifically, the destruction of the Nestene Consciousness — was reused as part of the destruction of the Battersea Cyber-conversion facility.
Broadcast and reception
The average overnight viewing figure for this episode was 6.85 million (a 36% share), peaking at 7.7 million. The final figure rose to 7.63 million. It received an Appreciation Index of 86.
This episode was released together with "Rise of the Cybermen" and "The Idiot's Lantern" as a basic DVD with no special features. It was also released in the complete series 2 box set and the Doctor Who Cybermen collection.
IGN's Ahsan Haque gave "The Age of Steel" a rating of 7.9 out of 10, praising the way Mickey became independent. However, he noted that it worked as a "popcorn episode", with the Cybermen story being a "letdown" and "by-the-book", with the conversation between the Doctor and Lumic about emotions something that was commonly covered in science fiction. Nick Setchfield of SFX gave the two-parter a positive review, highlighting Harper's direction which he felt added imagination and menace to the Cybermen and the parallel universe. However, he felt that Lloyd-Pack's performance was too over-the-top for the current "subtler" incarnation of Doctor Who, which made him come across as "jarringly two-dimensional".
References
External links
Episode commentary by Noel Clarke, Camille Coduri and Shaun Dingwall (MP3)
"The Age of Steel" episode homepage
Tenth Doctor episodes
Cybermen television stories
2006 British television episodes
Alternate history television episodes
Television episodes about parallel universes
Doctor Who stories set on Earth
Television episodes set in London | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Age%20of%20Steel |
Hemiphractus is a genus of frogs, the horned treefrogs, in the family Hemiphractidae. These overall brownish frogs have a pointed snout and a casque on the head. They are nocturnal, relatively rare and native to humid lowland and highland forests in northern South America (Amazon east as far as Tapajós, Chocó-Magdalena and northern Andes) and Panama, where typically found on the ground or at relatively low levels in vegetation.
Description
Hemiphractus are robust-bodied frogs. The genus is characterized by a fleshy proboscis on the tip of the snout and fleshy tubercles on the eyelids, skull that is highly casqued with prominent lateral occipital processes projecting backwards, and fang-like maxillary and premaxillary teeth. Females grow larger than males, and depending on exact species the snout–to–vent length generally is between .
Behaviour
Hemiphractus are believed to be specialized predators of other frogs, and hence confined to areas with high density of frogs. Nevertheless, they have also been recorded feeding on lizards, large insects and snails in the wild, and in addition to other frogs captive Hemiphractus will eat geckos, newborn mice and earthworms.
They can threaten any would-be predator by opening their mouth, exposing the bright yellow inside and tongue. If this fails to scare an adversary, they willingly bite, which is relatively painful for a frog of their size.
Female frogs carry eggs openly on their back; the eggs adhere to the mother's back with gelatinous material. Eggs hatch as fully developed froglets. H. elioti (previously included in H. fasciatus) are bred and maintained by the El Valle Amphibian Conservation Center in Panama. Although they have proven relatively difficult to keep in captivity, keeping and breeding has been achieved at levels where its conservation through such measures is considered possible, although (as of 2015 where the total captive population was 36 individuals) additional founders are necessary.
Species
The following species are recognized in the genus Hemiphractus .
Hemiphractus bubalus (Jiménez de la Espada, 1871)
Hemiphractus elioti Hill, Martin, Stanley, and Mendelson, 2018
Hemiphractus fasciatus Peters, 1862
Hemiphractus helioi Sheil & Mendelson, 2001
Hemiphractus johnsoni (Noble, 1917)
Hemiphractus kaylockae Hill, Martin, Stanley, and Mendelson, 2018
Hemiphractu panamensis (Stejneger, 1917)
Hemiphractus proboscideus (Jiménez de la Espada, 1871)
Hemiphractus scutatus (Spix, 1824)
Until 2001, populations now recognized as H. helioi were typically included in H. johnsoni, and until 2018 populations now recognized as H. elioti, H. kaylockae and H. panamensis were typically included in H. fasciatus. Colombian "H. fasciatus" may represent a currently unrecognized species (thus limiting true H. fasciatus to Ecuador), and it is possible that H. scutatus is a species complex.
References
Hemiphractidae
Amphibians of South America
Amphibians of Central America
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by Johann Georg Wagler | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemiphractus |
USS Canopus (AS-34) was a Simon Lake-class submarine tender of the United States Navy, operational from 1965 to 1994. The vessel was used to repair and refit submarine-launched Polaris nuclear-armed ballistic missiles and the submarines that deployed with them. The vessel primarily served US naval bases on the US Atlantic Coast and in Europe. In 1969, the ship was overhauled to maintain the new Poseidon Missile Systems. Taken out of service in 1995, the US Navy's intent to have the ship broken up for scrap in the United Kingdom was controversial. By 2010 demolition had been completed.
Construction
Canopuss keel was laid on 2 March 1964 and she was launched on 12 February 1965, at Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation in Pascagoula, Mississippi. Canopus was completed and delivered to the Navy in record breaking time on 25 October 1965.
Canopus joined Submarine Squadron 18 at Charleston and was commissioned on 4 November 1965. After a short outfitting period, Canopus sailed for the Caribbean on 7 January 1966. Canopus visited Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, for shakedown training. She returned to Charleston Naval Shipyard on 24 February for the usual post-shakedown work.
In mid-April 1966, Canopus completed her acceptance trials and upon final loading and outfitting deployed to the Cooper River FBM Replenishment Site on 24 June. Canopus started refitting submarines of Squadron 18.
Service history
1960s
On 24 September 1966, Canopus deployed from Charleston, South Carolina, arriving in Rota, Spain, on 10 October. Canopus relieved and reported to the Commander of Submarine Squadron 16 for duty. While at Rota, Canopus accomplished more Polaris refits than any other submarine tender in a comparable amount of time.
On 20 April 1969, Canopus was relieved by Holland and sailed for Bremerton, Washington, via the Panama Canal. In Bremerton, Canopus was extensively overhauled and thereby gained the title of the first submarine tender in the United States Navy capable of refitting and maintaining a submarine with the Poseidon Missile System.
1970s
After completion of this overhaul, Canopus sailed for Holy Loch, Scotland, via the Panama Canal. In May 1970, she relieved at Holy Loch. She reported to the Commander of Submarine Squadron 14.
On 29 November 1970, a fire broke out in the CPO baggage room, killing three and injuring ten. The fatalities (all from smoke inhalation) were two prisoners, and the guard who had freed them from the brig.
Canopus remained in Holy Loch until November 1975. During this time, Canopus was instrumental in establishing several new maintenance concepts while completing, on schedule, every submarine refit during the 67 months at Holy Loch. During the last year at Holy Loch, Canopus received numerous awards including the Ney Award for the best large mess afloat, the second consecutive Battle Efficiency "E", the CINCLANTFLT Golden Anchor Award for personnel retention, and the Navy Unit Commendation for her role in the first FBM Submarine Extended Refit Period.
In 1976, Canopus underwent an extensive refit at Charleston Naval Shipyard and returned to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, for refresher training. Canopus returned to Rota, Spain, in December 1976.
As a result of the shipyard overhaul in Charleston, Canopus brought new and improved capabilities to Rota for the support of Submarine Squadron 16.
In June 1979, Canopus relieved Simon Lake at the Naval Weapons Station Charleston, South Carolina. Canopus now reported to the Commander of Squadron 18.
1980s
In January 1980, Canopus got underway and went off the coast to conduct drills. In March 1980, Canopus got underway and made a liberty cruise to Cape Canaveral, Florida.
In 1984 after being relieved by Holland, Canopus underwent an overhaul at Charleston Naval Shipyard - which lasted until 1985. Refresher training and shake-down was conducted out of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. After a short stay at Charleston, Canopus sailed in July 1985 to Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Georgia, where she relieved Simon Lake - assuming upkeep and refit duties for the SSBNs of Subron 16.
Decommissioning
Canopus was located at Kings Bay during the early 1990s. During a ceremony held at the Warrior Wharf there on 7 October 1994, Canopus 29 years of service was celebrated; and she was decommissioned from active service.
Plans to scrap the vessel in the United Kingdom ran into controversy in view of the risks posed by toxic chemicals and asbestos.
Canopus was scrapped at Able UK in Hartlepool.
References
External links
USS Canopus Association website
Canopus ship photos website
Simon Lake-class submarine tenders
Submarine tenders
United States Navy
Submarine tenders of the United States Navy
Cold War auxiliary ships of the United States
1965 ships | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Canopus%20%28AS-34%29 |
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