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"Redemption" is a single released by Japanese musician Gackt on January 25, 2006. It peaked at third place on the Oricon singles chart and charted for twelve weeks. In 2006, it was the 83rd best selling single with sales of 124,955 copies, making it to be Gackt's eighth best selling single. The "Longing" and "Redemption" were theme songs of the video game Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII. It was certified gold by RIAJ.
Summary
In late 2005, Gackt was involved with the Final Fantasy VII franchise, for Square Enix's PlayStation 2 video game Dirge of Cerberus, released on January 26, 2006. Gackt composed and performed two theme songs for the game, "Longing" and "Redemption", and were released as a single, separately from the game's original soundtrack, but were included in its release a month later. For the game's ending theme, "Redemption", the staff originally planned for it to be a ballad, but Gackt decided to make it a rock song instead. Upon hearing Gackt's ideas, the staff were pleased with the direction in which he had gone. A limited edition of the single was published as well, containing a DVD with alternating music videos of the title track, one featuring the artist and the other being composed of footage from the video game Dirge of Cerberus. Gackt performed "Redemption" on the Diabolos: Aien no Shi tour in 2005, and played it extensively throughout his solo career.
In addition to contributing music, the character Genesis Rhapsodos was modeled on, voiced and co-created by Gackt, and Gackt also acted as the character in a brief appearance during an optional ending of the game. Initially a character with very limited appearance, Genesis had an integral role in the 2007 video game Crisis Core.
Track listing
See also
Music of the Final Fantasy VII series
References
2006 singles
Gackt songs
Final Fantasy music | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redemption%20%28Gackt%20song%29 |
Poonamallee is a town and suburb of Chennai, India under the Chennai Metropolitan Area. It was historically called Pushpagirimangalam, later renamed in Tamil as Poovirundhavalli (), and now colloquially called as Poondhamalli. It is the headquarters of the Poonamallee taluk of the Tiruvallur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The nearest Railway station is at Avadi. It acts as the gateway to the city from its western side. It is a town with rich cultural heritage and also a fast-growing areas in the city. As of 2011, the town had a population of 57,224. There are plans to merge the areas under Poonamallee Municipality with Avadi Municipal Corporation.
Location
The town of Poonamallee is situated at a distance of 23 km from Fort St George and 21 km from Sriperumbudur on the Chennai-Bangalore highway and 12 km from Thiruninravur on Chennai Outer Ring Road. It is located at the end of the Mount-Poonamallee Road, Poonamalle High Road and Pallavaram-Kundrathur-Poonamallee Road, 17 km from Guindy and 13 km from Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus on the Chennai bypass. The nearest railway station is at Avadi and Thiruninravur which is nine km away and Pallavaram Railway Station on the South Line of the Chennai Suburban Railway which is 18 km away. It is also an important halting point for buses starting from Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus and going towards Tirupati, Kanchipuram, Vellore, and other cities.
Etymology
The name "Poonamallee" is the anglicized form of the Tamil word Poondhamalli, which might have been derived from "Poovirundavalli", meaning "the place where jasmine was cultivated". Saint Thirukatchi nambi in his last days suffered from aged illness and due to his service to Lord varadha of kanchi interrupted. But he tried hard to reach kanchi and on seeing this lord varadha along with Lord of Srirangam and Thirupathi appeared before him and gave darshan. It is also the birthplace of him. This place is also called "Lakshmipuram" and Ulagu Vuyya Konda Cholapuram.
Demographics
According to 2011 census, Poonamallee had a population of 57,224 with a sex-ratio of 999 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 6,496 were under the age of six, constituting 3,313 males and 3,183 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 15.24% and 0.1% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 78.88%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 14668 households. There were a total of 22,411 workers, comprising 133 cultivators, 226 main agricultural labourers, 576 in house hold industries, 18,084 other workers, 3,392 marginal workers, 29 marginal cultivators, 35 marginal agricultural labourers, 128 marginal workers in household industries and 3,200 other marginal workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Poonamallee had 75.88% Hindus, 13.34% Muslims, 9.03% Christians, 0.02% Sikhs, 0.02% Buddhists, 0.29% Jains, 1.41% following other religions and 0.01% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.
Administration
Poonamallee is governed by Municipality of Poonamallee, coming under the Thiruvallur district. Poonamallee Municipality is situated in the West Chennai of Tamil Nadu in Thiruvallur District. This town is surrounded with infrastructural facilities and it is near to visit Chennai Metropolitan Bus Terminal (CMBT). The town's traffic is managed by the Avadi Traffic Police (ATP). The town's police comes directly under Chennai Metropolitan Police department. The town elects 1 MLA to the state legislature and comes under Thiruvallur Parliamentary constituency. The town is famous for its 8 courts including the special courts for bomb blasts. It has gained importance since this court system dealt with the assassination of former Indian Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi.
RTO:
Poonamallee comes under RTO-Poonamallee (TN-12).
It is one of the largest RTO in Tamil Nadu in terms of vehicle registered.
Previously it was under Tiruvallur RTO (TN20).
Politics
Poonamallee assembly constituency is part of Thiruvallur (Lok Sabha constituency).
The Current MLA For Poonamallee Constituency is A. Krishnaswamy (DMK) from 2021 May.
The Current MP is K. Jayakumar (INC) from 2019 May.
City
Landmarks
Poonamallee is home to Varadaraja Perumal Temple. The neighbourhood has a Shiva temple which has three inscriptions dating to the 18th century CE. there are three old traditional Catholic churches and a mosque was built and completed by Rustom, son of Dhulfiquer of Astrabad, a servant of Nawab Jumlat-ul-mulk. A Persian inscription dated 1653 CE, found in the mosque reveals this information. There is also a Muhammedan fort nearby. There is also old cemetery in Poonamallee, which is the resting place of many British missionaries. The bus stop next to the cemetery says Kallarai, which is the Tamil word for cemetery.
Educational institutions
Colleges
Alpha College of Engineering
Apollo Engineering College
Panimalar Engineering College
SKR Engineering College
Sree Sastha Institute of Engineering and Technology
Sri Muthukumaran Institute of Technology
Apollo Arts & Science College
Iqueue Technologies
Sastha Engineering College
Schools
Some of the popular schools in Poonamallee are :
Apollo Vidyashram.
Arignar Anna Government Higher Secondary School.
Christ Matriculation Higher Secondary School.
Daniel Matriculation School.
Holy Crescent Matriculation Higher Secondary School.
Jeya Jeya Sankara International school.
Joy Bell Matriculation School.
Kalashetra Matriculation Higher Secondary School.
Karthik Matriculation School, Ambal Nagar.
New St.Joseph's Matriculation Higher Secondary School.
Pencil park school of Arts, Nambi Nagar.
Sarojini Varadappan Girls Higher Secondary School.
Sathya Matriculation School.
Sri Rani Bai Matriculation school.
St.Joseph's Matriculation Higher Secondary School.
Sundar Matriculation Higher Secondary School.
Thiruvalluvar Middle School, Nambi Nagar.
Velammal Vidyalaya, Senneer kuppam.
Hindhu Primary School.
Government ADW Higher Secondary School.
References
External links
Cities and towns in Tiruvallur district
Suburbs of Chennai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poonamallee |
Chagar Bazar (Šagir Bazar, Arabic: تل شاغربازار) is a tell, or settlement mound, in northern Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria. It is a short distance from the major ancient city of Nagar (Tell Brak). The site was occupied from the Halaf period (c. 6100 to 5100 BC) until the middle of the 2nd millennium BC.
Archaeology
The site contains two mounds, a higher but smaller one to the south and a lower larger northern one. Occupation was Halaf at the northern end then at the southern end in the Late Chalcolithic period followed by full occupation in the 3rd millennium BC. The 2nd millennium BC occupation was restricted to the northern (5 hectare) mound. Chagar Bazar was excavated for three seasons by the British archaeologist Max Mallowan, with his wife Agatha Christie, from 1935 to 1937. Many of the artefacts discovered were brought to the British Museum. Besides pottery, a large number of Old Babylonian period clay tablets written in cuneiform script were discovered. Work was resumed at the site in 1999 by an expedition from the British School of Archaeology in Iraq in cooperation with University of Liège archaeologists and the Syrian Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums. During these excavations, which ended in 2002, 214 cuneiform tablets were recovered.
Chagar Bazar and its environment
Chagar Bazar is located in Al-Hasakah Governorate, approximately north of Al-Hasakah, on the Wadi Dara, a tributary to the Khabur River. The ancient site measures approximately .
Occupation history
Chagar Bazar was already settled in the Neolithic. Excavations revealed pottery belonging to the Halaf and Ubaid cultures.
By the Early Bronze Age, in the third millennium BC, Chagar Bazar had turned into a small town with the size of 12 hectares / 30 acres. The site appears to have been abandoned by the end of the third millennium BC. It was resettled and was known as Asnakkum at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age. The town was part of the Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia under Shamshi-Adad I and his son Yasmah-Adad. Hurrians also occupied the city and fine examples of the Khabur ware pottery dating to this period have been discovered by the excavators.
Notes
See also
Cities of the Ancient Near East
Tell Brak
Hurrians
Come, Tell Me How You Live
References
C. J. Gadd, "Tablets from Chagar Bazar 1936", Iraq, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 178–185, 1937
C. J. Gadd, "Tablets from Chagar Bazar and Tell Brak 1937–38", Iraq, vol. 7, pp. 22–61, 1940
J. E. Curtis, "Some Axe-Heads from Chagar Bazar and Nimrud", Iraq, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 73–81, 1983
O. Tunca et al., Chagar Bazar (Syrie) I: Les sondages prehistoriques (1999–2001), Peeters, 2006,
O. Tunca et al., Chagar Bazar (Syrie) II: Les vestiges post-akkadiens du chantier D et etudes diverses, Peeters, 2007,
O. Tunca and A. Baghdo, Chagar Bazar (Syrie) III: Les trouvailles epigraphiques et sigillographiques du chantier I (2000–2002), Peeters, 2008,
Tunca, Ö., Bagdhou, a. und Léon, S., "Chagar Bazar (Syrie) IV. Les tombes ordinaires de l’âge du bronze ancien et moyen des chantiers D-f-H-I (1999−2011)", Étude archéologique, Peeters Publishers, 2018
J. Mas and O. Tunca, "Chagar Bazar (Syrie) V: Les tombes ordinaires de l'âge du Bronze ancien et moyen des chantiers D-F-H-I (1999-2011): La poterie", (Publications de la ... de L'Universite de), Peeters Publishers, 2018
S. Leon, "Chagar Bazar (Syrie) VI: Les tombes ordinaires de l'âge du Bronze ancien et moyen des chantiers D-F-H-I (1999-2011): Les objets", (Publications de la ... de L'Universite de), Peeters Publishers, 2018
R Ali and J-M Cordy, "Chagar Bazar (Syrie) VII: Les tombes ordinaires de l'âge du Bronze ancien et moyen des chantiers D-F-H-I (1999-2011): Les Ossements", (Publications de la ... de L'Universite de), Peeters Publishers, 2018
Tunca, Ö., Bagdhou, A, "Chagar Bazar (Syrie) VIII. Les tombes ordinaires de l’âge du bronze ancien et moyen des chantiers D-f-H-I (1999−2011): Études diverses", Étude archéologique, Peeters Publishers, 2018
External links
British Museum: Pottery Khabur Ware Jar from Chagar Bazar
Archaeological sites in al-Hasakah Governorate
Stone Age sites in Syria
Hurrian cities
Former populated places in Syria
Halaf culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagar%20Bazar |
DBU Jutland () is the local governing body for association football and futsal in Jutland, Denmark. They are responsible for the governance and development of men's and women's football at all levels in the region. DBU Jutland is a member of the Union of Local Football Associations in Denmark (FLU; became "DBU Bredde" in 2020) under the Danish Football Association (DBU) and National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark (DIF). The headquarters is located in Tilst in the western part of Aarhus. Clubs situated in Jutland and surrounding areas, covering the postal codes between 6000-9999, can be accepted as members of DBU Jutland. In 2019, the football association consisted of 903 clubs and 162,268 members with IF Lyseng being the largest club membership-wise. Founded on 1 December 1895, it is the oldest regional football association under the Danish FA, and was originally created as a counterpart to the Danish FA. The association kept its original name, Jyllands Boldspil-Union (JBU), until 1 February 2011, where it was changed to its current name, DBU Jylland.
Competitions
As of 2016, the football association administers the local men's senior leagues at level 5 in the Danish football league system besides women's and youth football. The top league at the local senior men's level under the football association's administration is called Jyllandsserien and was regarded as one among several top regional leagues in Danish football between 1902 and 1927. Before the national "knockout" cup competition, DBU Pokalen, was introduced in 1954, the football association had its own regional cup competitions known as JBUs Pokalturnering, which was contested between 1924 and 1933. Clubs playing at the lower leagues participate in the qualification rounds for the first round proper of DBU Pokalen.
DBU Jutland is separated into 4 regions:
Region 1: North Jutland
Region 2: West Jutland
Region 3: East Jutland
Region 4: South Jutland
Senior Men's
Leagues
Jyllandsserien ()
Serie 1 ()
Serie 2 ()
Serie 3 ()
Serie 4 ()
Serie 5 ()
Serie 6 ()
Cups
Qualification for DBU Pokalen ()
DBU Jyllands Pokalturnering (Pokalturneringen) for different age groups from between U13 and U19
Senior Women's
Leagues
Jyllandsserien Kvinder ()
Kvinder Serie 1 ()
Kvinder Serie 2 ()
Cups
Qualification for DBU Kvindepokalen ()
Damesenior Pokalturnering (Seriepokalen for Kvinder) for clubs playing in Jyllandsserien Kvinder to Series 2
Defunct
JBUs Pokalturnering (1924–1933) for the JBU member clubs
References
External links
Jutland
Sports organizations established in 1895
1895 establishments in Denmark
Jutland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBU%20Jutland |
Pāyāsi or Paesi is a legendary king mentioned in the ancient Buddhist and Jain texts of India. In these legends, he appears as a materialist who orders several experiments to conclude that the soul does not exist. A Jain or Buddhist monk proves him wrong in a debate, and converts him to their faith.
Legends
According to Buddhist and Jain legends, Paesi ordered several cruel experiments to conclude that the soul does not exist. For example, he had a thief thrown alive in a brass pot, with a brass lid soldered over it, to see how his soul could escape after his death. Buddhist and Jain works mention similar accounts of other people conducting such experiments to deny the existence of soul. In all these accounts,a Buddhist or Jain monk defeats the person denying the existence of the soul in a debate. E.g. in Haribhadra's Samaraichcha Katha (Samarditya Katha), a man named Pingakesa states that a robber sentenced to death had been put in a sealed iron vessel, but no soul was observed escaping from the vessel after his death. Jain monk Vijaya-simha refutes this argument by stating that a conch-blower had similarlly been put into an iron vessel, but when he blew his conch, the sound was heard outside although it could not be seen being emitted from the sealed vessel. Such stories seem to be fabricated by the authors to promote their doctrine, and have no historical basis.
According to Willem Bollée, a comparison of the Buddhist and Jain versions of the legend suggests that one is not borrowed from the other: both legends seem to originate from a common ancient and popular legend.
Jain legend
The story of Paesi (Paesi-kahāṇayaṃ or Pradeśi-kathānaka) is the kernel of Rāya-paseṇiya,, which is a part of the Shvetambara canon. Mahavira narrates the story to his pupil Goyama as follows (Sanskrit names in brackets):
In his last birth, the god Sūriyābha (Sūryābha) was born as Paesi (Pradeśin), the materialist ruler of Seyaviyā (Setavyā or Shravasti). One day, he met Kesi (Keśin), a princely renouncer. The two men engaged in a debate about the existence of a soul independent of the body. Kesi convinced Paesi to give up materialism. Paesi became a pious lay Jain, and stopped paying attention to the state affairs and his queens. His queen Sūriyakantā felt neglected and committed suicide. Paesi was then reborn as the god Sūriyābha in Sohammakappa. Mahavira tells Goyama that Paesi will attain the final emancipation in his next and final birth.
Buddhist legend
A dialogue between Pāyāsi and Kumāra Kassapa appears in the Payasi-suttanta of Digha Nikaya. Payasi states that there is no afterlife and that acts do not have any consequences. In the ensuing debate, Kassapa refutes his arguments. For example, Payasi says that he had requested his relatives on their deathbed to return or send a message to him from the afterlife, but there was no response. Kassapa argues that:
the relatives did not have permission from the "infernal guardians" to return
they did not want to return because the afterlife was better than this world
a divine day and night equals a hundred human years, so Payasi should not expect a response so soon
Payasi doubts the existence of the Tavatimsa gods. Kassapa compares him to a blind man who denies the existence of the sun and the moon because he cannot see them.
Payasi questions if the afterlife is better, why don't pious people kill themselves and end their present lives. Kassapa gives the example of the pregnant second wife of a Brahmin, who was on his deathbed. The Brahmin's son from his first wife claimed his inheritance. The second wife cut open her belly hoping to bring her own son into the world before the Brahmin's death, to claim the inheritance. Because of this foolish act, she died: a person killing himself prematurely in order to attain afterlife would be behaving in a similar way.
Payasi then discusses several experiments that he had conducted on convicted criminals to prove that soul does not exist:
Once he had a criminal thrown into a jar, closed the lid, and had the jar heated. When the man died, he had the lid opened, but did not see a soul escape. Kassapa argues that Payasi's servants cannot see his living soul, therefore, he should not expect to see the soul of a dead man.
Once he had a criminal weighed, strangled to death, and then weighed again. The criminal's dead body was heavier than his living body (in another version of the legend, there is no difference in weight). Kassapa attributes this to the difference between the weight of the air and the life.
Once he had a nearly-dead criminal hit (with stick and hand) and shaken, but he did not see a soul escaping the criminal's body. Kassapa states that merely hitting or shaking a conch does not produce a sound. Just like the blower's breath is necessary to produce a sound from the conch, a body needs vital power (ayu) to act.
Once, he had a criminal flayed alive and cut up, but he did not see a soul. Kassapa compares him to a little boy who saw a fire getting extinguished, and attempted to find the fire in the remaining pieces of wood.
Payasi then states that he cannot give up his materialistic beliefs because he is afraid of being laughed at by foreign kings. Kassapa then narrates four short anecdotes to convince him otherwise. Ultimately, Payasi is convinced that he was wrong and converts to Buddhism.
See also
21 grams experiment
Notes
References
Bibliography
Ancient Indian monarchs
Legendary Indian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payasi |
Benoy Krishna Basu ( Binôe Boshu), Benoy Basu, or Benoy Bose (11 September 1908 – 13 December 1930) was an Indian revolutionary against British rule in India, who launched an attack on the Secretariat Building; the Writers' Building at the Dalhousie square in Kolkata, along with Badal Gupta and Dinesh Chandra Gupta.
Early life
Basu was born on 11 September 1908, in the village Rohitbhog in the Munshiganj District, then in British India. His father, Rebatimohan Basu was an engineer.
References
Bibliography
Hemendranath Dasgupta, Bharater Biplab Kahini, II & III, Calcutta, 1948;
Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, History of the Freedom Movement in India, III, Calcutta 1963;
Ganganarayan Chandra, Abismaraniya, Calcutta, 1966.
1908 births
1930 deaths
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule
Indian revolutionaries
20th-century Bengalis
Bengali Hindus
People from Munshiganj District
People from Bikrampur
Indian independence activists from West Bengal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benoy%20Basu |
The League for Socialist Action was a small Trotskyist organisation in Britain.
It consisted of a group of members who split from the International Marxist Group in 1976 in support of the US Socialist Workers Party's tendency in the Fourth International.
Its publication, Socialist Action, was produced several times each year. Its pamphlets included Abortion a Woman's Right! (1975) ; The Labour Party (1976) ; and Revolution in the Americas (1981).
It engaged in entrism in the Labour Party after 1976, and merged with the International Marxist Group in 1982.
References
Fourth International (post-reunification)
Defunct Trotskyist organisations in the United Kingdom
International Marxist Group
Political parties established in 1976
Political parties disestablished in 1982
1976 establishments in the United Kingdom
Entryists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League%20for%20Socialist%20Action%20%28UK%29 |
Newton is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, situated in the Adelaide foothills northeast of the city centre. The area features a significant population of people of Italian origin. Part of the City of Campbelltown, Newton is surrounded by the suburbs Paradise, Rostrevor, Athelstone and Campbelltown.
Newton is home to such public schools as Thorndon Park Primary School and Charles Campbell College and the private St Francis of Assisi School. The area is also home to chain supermarkets and small shops, most notably Newton Village.
References
Suburbs of Adelaide | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%2C%20South%20Australia |
Mormugao () is a seaport city situated in the eponymous Mormugao taluka (municipality) of the South district, in the Goa state, India. It has a deep natural harbour and remains Goa's chief port.
Towards the end of the Indo-Portuguese era in 1917, thirty-one settlements were carved out of the Salcette area, to form Morumugão with Mormugao seaport as its headquarters. The remaining thirty-five settlements were retained in Salcette which encompass the present-day Salcete taluka with Margao as its headquarters.
Geography
Mormugao is located at . It has an average elevation of 2 metres (7 feet).
Demographics and Healthcare
India census, Mormugao had a population of 97,085. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Mormugao has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 70%. In Mormugão, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Konkani being the state language, Marathi, Kannada, Hindi and English are also spoken.
The Directorate of health services Goa ( DHS) provides secondary level of healthcare to the people of mormugao and nearby places through the erstwhile Chicalim Cottage Hospital at Alto Chicalim now upgraded to the level of Sub District Hospital with 120 beds. The DHS also provides Primary Health Care to the taluka through PHC Casaulim, PHC Cortalim and UHC Vasco. A number of private nursing homes, clinics, panchkarma centers, gyms and physiotherapy centers can also be found in the subdistrict.
History
When the Portuguese colonised part of Goa in the sixteenth century, they based their operations in the central district of Tiswadi, notably in the international emporium 'City of Goa', now Old Goa. As threats to their maritime supremacy increased, they built forts on various hillocks, especially along the coast. In 1624, they began to build their fortified town on the headland overlooking Mormugao harbour.
The sultans of Bijapur, who had ruled Goa before the Portuguese, did not give up easily. There were several invasions. From the sea came the Dutch, who eventually took over from the Portuguese most of the coastal settlements: the Moluccas, Batticaloa, Trincomali, Galle, Malacca, Manar, Jaffna, Quilon, Cochin and Cannanore. From 1640 to 1643, the Dutch tried their best to capture Mormugão but were finally driven away.
In 1683, the Portuguese in Goa were in grave danger from the Marathas. Almost certain defeat was averted when Sambhaji suddenly lifted siege and rushed to defend his own kingdom from the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. The narrow escape, no less than the decline of the City of Goa, convinced the Portuguese viceroy, Dom Francisco de Távora, that he should shift the capital of the Portuguese holdings in India to Mormugao's formidable fortress.
In 1685, the new city's principal edifices were under construction, with the Jesuit priest Father Teotónio Rebelo in charge. The Jesuit architects made a consistent effort to avoid the ornate style of the time. The austere viceregal palace still stands, having been used, after its short stint as a palace, in various capacities, including as the hotel which housed the British agents who in 1943 destroyed German ships anchored in Mormugao's neutral waters. Viceroys after Távora found Mormugao too secluded for their liking. The administrative headquarters were moved to the new city of Panjim, which is till today Goa's chief city.
During World War II, the harbour of Mormugao was the site of Operation Creek, which resulted in the bombing of a German merchant ship, Ehrenfels, which had secretly been transmitting information to U-boats.
Mormugao Port
Ever since it was accorded the status of a Major Port in 1963, the Mormugao port has contributed immensely to growth of maritime trade in India. It is the leading iron ore exporting port of India with an annual throughput of around 27.33 million tonnes of iron ore traffic.
The INS Mormugao has been named after the port.
Transport links
Epidemics devastated Mormugao during the eighteenth century, but after that its fortunes turned. As the importance of one of India's best natural harbours grew more apparent, Mormugao, which the British called Marmagoa, became a key trading point. It was chosen for the terminus of the new metre gauge railway linking the Portuguese colony to British India. For a fabulous price, the Western India Portuguese Guaranteed Railways Company, a British enterprise, modernised the port and built the railway. Both were opened to the public in July 1886.
Mormugao's city of Vasco da Gama was planned and built in the early years of the twentieth century. A colourful city of officials, traders and migrant labourers, it had its Portuguese academies and British club life for several decades. Now rather scarred, Mormugão district continues to be unique in Goa.
With Goa's airport at Dabolim, the railway terminus at Vasco da Gama, and the busy port, Mormugao is many visitors’ first experience of Goa.
Politics
The area is part of the South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency) (also known as Mormugão (Lok Sabha constituency) ). In the 2019 Lok sabha elections, the South Goa Lok Sabha constituency was again won by Francisco Sardinha of Indian National Congress defeating Narendra Keshav Sawaikar of Bharatiya Janata Party, though Sawaikar had managed to gain lead in all 4 lok sabha constituencies of Mormugao.
Mormugao taluka also elects 4 MLAs to the Goa State Assembly. The current MLAs are Alina Saldanha from Cortalim (Goa Assembly constituency), Carlos Almeida from Vasco Da Gama (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Milind Naik from Mormugao (Goa Assembly constituency) and Mauvin Godinho from Dabolim (Goa Assembly constituency) all from the Bharatiya Janata Party.
Climate
Education
Mormugao has many schools of repute which provides quality education to the residents in and around Vasco-da-Gama. Murgaon Education Society was established in 1971 with the noble goal of providing educational facilities at Vasco-da-Gama and in other parts of Murgaon Taluka. Mormugao Educational Society's College of Arts and Commerce locally known as MES College is a famous institution situated in Zuarinagar, which provides higher education in Arts and Commerce along with Birla Institute of Science and Technology (BITS) that caters to university level of education in the fields of engineering and medicine.
See also
Ports in India
Mormugao Port Trust
References
Cities and towns in South Goa district
Port cities in India
Islands of India
Populated places in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormugao |
Dinesh Chandra Gupta ( Dinesh Chôndro Gupto) or Dinesh Gupta (6 December 1911 – 7 July 1931) was an Indian revolutionary against British rule in India, who is noted for launching an attack on the Secretariat Building - the Writers' Building in the Dalhousie square in Calcutta, along with Badal Gupta and Benoy Basu.
Rabindrasangeet exponent and trainer Maya Sen (maiden name Gupta) was his own niece. Even he suggested his sister-in-law Ashalata Gupta to let Maya learn Rabindrasangeet. His nephew and Maya's brother Dr. Tapan Gupta was a doctor and established 'the Tagoreans' in London. Mr. Gupta's daughter is an MBE, Tanika Gupta, a playwright and regularly works for BBC and the stage in England.
Early activities
Dinesh Gupta was born on 6 December 1911 in Josholong in Munshiganj District, now in Bangladesh. While he was studying in Dhaka College, Dinesh joined Bengal Volunteers - a group organised by Subhas Chandra Bose in 1928, at the occasion of Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress. Soon the Bengal Volunteers transformed itself to a more active revolutionary association and planned to assassinate certain Indian Imperial Police officers. For a short while, Dinesh Gupta was in Midnapore training local revolutionaries in the use of firearms. Revolutionaries trained by him were responsible for the assassination of three District Magistrates in succession, Douglas, Burge, and Peddy.
The battle of Writers' Building
The association targeted Lt Col NS Simpson, the Inspector General of Prisons, who was infamous for his mistreatment of the prisoners in the jails. The revolutionaries decided not only to murder him, but also to strike a terror in British colonial circles by launching an attack on the Secretariat Building - the Writers' Building in the Dalhousie Square in Kolkata.
On 8 December 1930, Dinesh, along with Benoy Basu and Badal Gupta, dressed in European costume, entered the Writers' Building and shot dead Simpson. Nearby police started firing at them in response. What ensued was a brief gunfight between the three young revolutionaries and the police. Some other officers like Twynam, Prentice, and Nelson suffered injuries during the shooting.
Soon police overpowered them. However, the three did not wish to be arrested. Badal Gupta took Potassium cyanide, while Benoy and Dinesh shot themselves with their own revolvers. Benoy was taken to the hospital where he died on 13 December 1930.
The trial and hanging
However, Dinesh survived the near-fatal injury. He was convicted and sentenced to death.
While in Alipore Jail, he wrote letters to his sister which were later compiled into the book 'Ami Shubhash Bolchhi'. He was hanged on 7 July 1931 at Alipore Jail. Soon after that, Kanailal Bhattacharjee took revenge for the hanging by killing Mr. Galik (the judge of the Dinesh Gupta case) on 27 July 1931.
Writings
Dinesh Gupta translated a short story of Anton Chekhov which was published in Prabasi Magazine. He also wrote 92 letters from the condemned cell of the Alipur Central Jail. A few to his sister in law (boudi) Ashalata Gupta.
Significance
Benoy, Badal, and Dinesh were treated as martyrs by supporters in Bengal and other parts of India. After independence, Dalhousie Square was named B. B. D. Bagh - after the Benoy-Badal-Dinesh trio. In memory of their writers' attack, a plate was engraved in the wall of Writers' Building, first floor.
Bibliography
Hemendranath Dasgupta, Bharater Biplab Kahini, II & III, Calcutta, 1948;
Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, History of the Freedom Movement in India, III, Calcutta 1963;
Ganganarayan Chandra, Abismaraniya, Calcutta, 1966.
References
External links
https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Gupta,_Dinesh_Chandra
1911 births
1931 deaths
Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule
Anti-British establishment revolutionaries from East Bengal
People from Munshiganj District
Executed Indian revolutionaries
People from Kolkata
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
20th-century executions by the United Kingdom
People executed by British India by hanging
Indian independence activists from West Bengal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinesh%20Gupta |
"Molly and Tenbrooks," also known as "The Racehorse Song," is a traditional song of the late 19th century. One of the first recordings of the song was the Carver Boys' 1929 version called "Tim Brook." The song was recorded by Bill Monroe and His Blue Grass Boys on October 28, 1947, but not released until 1949. In 1948, The Stanley Brothers released a recording of it in the Blue Grass Boys' style, marking the first recorded adoption of the bluegrass style by a second band. The song was also recorded by Steve Gillette on his self-titled debut album in 1967 in the folk style and a very different adaptation, by Gillette and Linda Albertano. Their version was later recorded by the well-known Canadian folk duo Ian and Sylvia for their album, Play One More. Tom T. Hall recorded "Molly and Tenbrooks" with Bill Monroe contributing on his mandolin on July 13, 1976 for Hall's LP The Magnificent Music Machine, released in 1976.
Song plot
The song deals with a match race between two champion horses. According to most song versions, Tenbrooks "ran all around The Midwest and beat the Memphis train," while "out in California Molly did as she pleased, came back to Kentucky and got beat with all ease."
Historical facts
This song is a fictional account of the July 4, 1878 match race between the Kentucky horse Ten Broeck and the California mare Mollie McCarty at the Louisville Jockey Club (now Churchill Downs). Ten Broeck won the race before a record crowd of 30,000. The song commonly states that Ten Broeck "was a big bay horse", and although he was a bay, he was "very compactly built". The song refers to a fatal outcome, which did not in fact occur; Mollie McCarty lived nearly five more years, winning multiple races and producing three foals.
See also
Skewball is a topically related song, but it is melodically, lyrically, and historically distinct, although they have sometimes been conflated.
Tenbrooks appears again later on Peter Rowan's Muleskinnner album, in the song "Blue Mule", in which the horse is pitted against a blue mule who is the child of Babe the Blue Ox.
Footnotes
References
Rosenberg, Neil V. 1985. Bluegrass: A History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press
Wolfe, Charles K. 1996. Kentucky Country: Folk and Country Music of Kentucky. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky
External links
[http://www.bluegrasslyrics.com/song/molly-and-tenbrooks/, from a well-known version recorded by Bill Monroe
Bluegrass songs
American folk songs
Folk ballads
Bill Monroe songs
The Stanley Brothers songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly%20and%20Tenbrooks |
Badal Gupta ( Badol Gupto), real name Sudhir Gupta (1912 – 8 December 1930), was an Indian revolutionary against British rule in India, who is noted for launching an attack on the Secretariat Building - the Writers' Building in the Dalhousie square in Calcutta, along with Benoy Basu and Dinesh Gupta.
Early activities
Badal Gupta was born in the village Purba Shimulia (East Shimulia) in the Bikrampur region of Dhaka, now in Munshiganj District, Bangladesh. Badal Gupta was also influenced by the revolutionary activities of his two paternal uncles Late Dharaninath Gupta and Nagendranath Gupta, who were involved in the Alipore Bomb Case and were imprisoned along with Rishi Aurobindo Ghosh. Badal Gupta joined the Bengal Volunteers in 1928. He had also known Kanailal Bhattacharjee, who too was a Bengal Volunteer.
The battle at Writers' Building
Bengal Volunteers targeted Lt Col NS Simpson, the Inspector General of Prisons, who was infamous for the oppression of the prisoners in the jails. The revolutionaries decided not only to murder him, but also to strike a terror in the British official circles by launching an attack on the Secretariat Building - the Writers' Building in the Dalhousie square in Kolkata.
On 8 December 1930, Badal along with Dinesh Gupta and Benoy, dressed in European costume, entered the Writers' Building and shot dead Simpson. Police in the building started firing at them in response. What ensued was a brief gunfight between the three young revolutionaries and the police. Some other officers like Twynam, Prentice, and Nelson suffered injuries during the shooting.
Soon police overpowered them. However, the three did not wish to be arrested. Badal took Potassium cyanide, while Benoy and Dinesh shot themselves with their own revolvers. Badal died on the spot. He was only 18 years old during when this incident took place.
Significance
After independence, the Dalhousie Square was named B. B. D. Bagh - after the Benoy-Badal-Dinesh trio. In memory of their Writers' Building attack, a plate was engraved in the wall of Writers' Building, first floor.
References
Bibliography
Hemendranath Dasgupta, Bharater Biplab Kahini, II & III, Calcutta, 1948;
Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, History of the Freedom Movement in India, III, Calcutta 1963;
Ganganarayan Chandra, Abismaraniya, Calcutta, 1966.
Aamar Mama Badal Gupta: A memoir by Biswanath Dasgupta 2020
1912 births
1930 deaths
Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule
Anti-British establishment revolutionaries from East Bengal
People from Munshiganj District
Indian revolutionaries
People from Kolkata
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
People from Bikrampur
Indian independence activists from West Bengal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badal%20Gupta |
Parshall Terry, U.E., (February 22, 1756 – July 20, 1808) was a political figure in Upper Canada.
Parshall Terry was born in Matticuck, Province of New York, British America in 1756 and during the American Revolution served on the British Loyalist side with Butler's Rangers. In the aftermath of the Battle of Wyoming, a sensationalist and widely distributed newspaper account of the "Wyoming Massacre" falsely claimed that Terry “murdered his father, mother, brother and sisters, stripped off their scalps, and cut off his father’s head. Although a retraction was published a few weeks later, this unfounded accusation would reappear in early published histories of the United States.
After the war, he settled in Bertie Township near Fort Erie but later moved to York (now Toronto). He was elected to the 1st Parliament of Upper Canada in the riding of 4th Lincoln and Norfolk. With his father-in-law, Timothy Skinner, and his two brothers-in-law, Isaah and Timothy Jr, he built and operated a large sawmill on the Don River north of York. He drowned in 1808 while attempting to cross the Don River.
Family
Terry married twice. His first wife, Melia Stevens, died in 1789. Four years later he married Rhoda Skinner, daughter of Timothy Skinner. Terry had five children with Melia and seven children with Rhoda.
His son William later represented Lincoln in the Legislative Assembly. Other offspring opened a pottery warehouse and store — Terry & Sons — catering to train passengers that stopped at the Don Station in Todmorden Mills and giving a name to the winding road that snakes through the property - Pottery Road. That factory is now an art gallery. Only known descendants bearing the Terry surname continue to live in the Toronto area, Mark Terry, a professor at Toronto's York University, and his daughter, Mary Anne Terry, a commercial writer.
A portion of Terry's home has been preserved as part of the Todmorden Mills Heritage Museum near the former site of the mill.
References
Further reading
Becoming Prominent: Leadership in Upper Canada, 1791-1841, J.K. Johnson (1989)
1756 births
1808 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
People from Mattituck, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parshall%20Terry |
The Humber Light Reconnaissance Car, also known as Humberette or Ironside, was a British armoured car produced during the Second World War.
Design
Produced by the Rootes Group, the Humber Light Reconnaissance Car was an armoured car based on the Humber Super Snipe chassis (as was the Humber Heavy Utility car. It was equipped with a No. 19 radio set. From 1940 to 1943 over 3600 units were built.
Operational history
The vehicle was used by Infantry Reconnaissance Regiments and the RAF Regiment in Tunisia, Italy and Western Europe. After the war, some vehicles remained in service with the British units in India and in the Far East. The LRC was used widely by the Reconnaissance Corps and was also used by the Reconnaissance squadron of the 1st Czechoslovak Independent Armoured Brigade Group.
Three Mk I vehicles were modified for use by the British Royal Family and the Cabinet ministers and were known as "Special Ironside Saloons".
Variants
Mk I
The original version with open-topped hull and 4×2 drive. Armoured to a maximum of 10 mm on the front and 7–9 mm on the sides. Armament was a Boys anti-tank rifle and a Bren light machine gun. Only a limited number were built before the Mk I was replaced by the Mk II.
Mk II
The Mk II had an enclosed roof with a turret for the machine gun and retained the 4×2 drive of the Mk I. The Boys faced forward in the front of the hull. Otherwise armoured as the Mark I, the roof was 7 mm and the turret 6 mm.
Mk III (1941)
The Mk III was externally similar to the Mk II but had 4×4 drive. Production began in late 1941.
Mk IIIA (1943)
The only difference from the Mk III was additional vision ports at the front angles of the hull. Armour was 12 mm to the front, 8 mm to the sides, 7 on the roof and rear, and 6 mm on the turret.
Ironside Special Saloon
Built for VIP use, Thrupp & Maberly provided a relatively luxurious interior which was split by a Perspex screen to separate driver and passengers. A passenger side door was provided to make entrance and exit easier and the driver had a side hatch, the two-part screen running in tracks fitted to the front seats: sliding both portions to the driver's (right) side allowed the front passenger (left) seat back to be folded for an easier exit. Two Ironside 'specials' of this kind were used by cabinet ministers and members of the royal family, while six minus the privacy screen were used as armoured staff cars.
In all 3,600 Humber Light Reconnaissance Cars were built (including the 200 Ironside Is) and the MkIII and MkIIIA were the cars most widely used by the Reconnaissance Corps in action, and many were also employed overseas by the RAF Regiment for airfield defence.
Surviving vehicles
A number of vehicles are preserved in museums:
Dutch Cavalry Museum
Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and of Military History, Brussels, Belgium
Royal Air Force Museum London has a Mk IIIA
National War and Resistance Museum, Overloon has a restored Mk III.
Military College of EME, Trimulgherry has an LRC as a gate guardian
43rd Reconnaissance Regiment Living History Group (UK) operate a replica vehicle based on an LRC MK IIIa chassis.
A reproduction also exists in private ownership in the Czech Republic
A replica built on a postal jeep chassis and with wooden armour exists in Florida, where it is primarily used for re-enacting.
See also
Marmon-Herrington Armoured Car
Leichter Panzerspähwagen
Otter Light Reconnaissance Car
Notes
References
George Forty - World War Two Armoured Fighting Vehicles and Self-Propelled Artillery, Osprey Publishing 1996, .
I. Moschanskiy - Armored vehicles of the Great Britain 1939-1945 part 2, Modelist-Konstruktor, Bronekollektsiya 1999-02 (И. Мощанский - Бронетанковая техника Великобритании 1939-1945 часть 2, Моделист-Конструктор, Бронеколлекция 1999-02).
Doherty, R Morshead, H (illustrator) Humber Light Reconnaissance Car 1941–45 New Vanguard 177 (2011) Osprey Publishing 9781849083102
External links
Warwheels.net
wwiivehicles.com
World War II armoured cars
World War II armoured fighting vehicles of the United Kingdom
Reconnaissance vehicles of the United Kingdom
Light Reconnaissance Car
Armoured cars of the United Kingdom
Military vehicles introduced from 1940 to 1944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humber%20Light%20Reconnaissance%20Car |
The Privy Council of England, also known as His (or Her) Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council (), was a body of advisers to the sovereign of the Kingdom of England. Its members were often senior members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons, together with leading churchmen, judges, diplomats and military leaders.
The Privy Council of England was a powerful institution, advising the sovereign on the exercise of the royal prerogative and on the granting of royal charters. It issued executive orders known as Orders in Council and also had judicial functions.
Name
According to the Oxford dictionary the definition of the word "privy" in Privy Council is an obsolete one meaning "Of or pertaining exclusively to a particular person or persons; one's own", insofar as the council is personal to the sovereign.
During the reign of Elizabeth I, the council is recorded under the title "The Queens Majesties Most Honourable Privy-Council".
History
Medieval council
During the reign of the House of Normandy, the English monarch was advised by a (Latin for "royal court"), which consisted of magnates, clergy and officers of the Crown. This body originally concerned itself with advising the sovereign on legislation, administration and justice. At certain times, the was enlarged by a general summons of magnates (the "great council" or in Latin), but as a smaller council the was in constant session and in direct contact with the king.
Originally, important legal cases were heard (Latin for "in the presence of the king himself"). But the growth of the royal justice system under Henry II () required specialization, and the judicial functions of the were delegated to two courts sitting at Westminster Hall: the Court of King's Bench and the Court of Common Pleas.
By 1237, the had formally split into two separate councils–the king's council and Parliament; though, they had long been separate in practice. The king's council was "permanent, advisory, and executive". It managed day to day government and included the king's ministers and closest advisers. Its members always included a few barons, the great officers of state and royal household, and clerks, secretaries and other special counsellors (often friars and literate knights). It was capable of drafting legislative —administrative orders issued as letters patent or letters close.
During the reign of Henry III (), a major theme of politics was the composition of the king's council. Barons frequently complained that they were inadequately represented, and efforts were made to change the council's membership. At the Oxford Parliament of 1258, reformers forced a reluctant Henry to accept the Provisions of Oxford, which vested royal power in an elected council of fifteen barons. However, these reforms were ultimately overturned with the king's victory in the Second Barons War.
The council of Edward I () played a major role in drafting and proposing legislation to Parliament for ratification.
Later history
Powerful sovereigns often used the body to circumvent the courts and Parliament. For example, a committee of the council – which later became the Court of the Star Chamber – was during the fifteenth century permitted to inflict any punishment except death, without being bound by normal court procedure. During Henry VIII's reign, the sovereign, on the advice of the council, was allowed to enact laws by mere proclamation. The legislative pre-eminence of Parliament was not restored until after Henry VIII's death. Though the royal council retained legislative and judicial responsibilities, it became a primarily administrative body. The council consisted of forty members in 1553, but the sovereign relied on a smaller committee, which later evolved into the modern Cabinet.
The council developed significantly during the reign of Elizabeth I, gaining political experience, so that there were real differences between the Privy Council of the 1560s and that of the 1600s.
By the end of the English Civil War, the monarchy, House of Lords and Privy Council had been abolished. The remaining house of Parliament, the House of Commons, instituted a Council of State to execute laws and to direct administrative policy. The forty-one members of the council were elected by the Commons; the body was headed by Oliver Cromwell, the de facto military dictator of the nation. In 1653, however, Cromwell became Lord Protector, and the Council was reduced to between thirteen and twenty-one members, all elected by the Commons. In 1657, the Commons granted Cromwell even greater powers, some of which were reminiscent of those enjoyed by monarchs. The council became known as the Protector's Privy Council; its members were appointed by the Lord Protector, subject to Parliament's approval.
In 1659, shortly before the restoration of the monarchy, the Protector's Council was abolished. Charles II restored the royal Privy Council, but he, like previous Stuart monarchs, chose to rely on a small committee of advisers.
The Acts of Union 1707 united England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain, replacing the privy councils of both countries with a single body, the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.
Membership
The sovereign, when acting on the council's advice, was known as the "King-in-Council" or "Queen-in-Council". The members of the council were collectively known as "The Lords of His [or Her] Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council", or sometimes "The Lords and others of ..."). The chief officer of the body was the Lord President of the Council, one of the Great Officers of State. Another important official was the clerk, whose signature was appended to all orders made.
Membership was generally for life, although the death of a monarch brought an immediate dissolution of the council, as all Crown appointments automatically lapsed.
Other councils
The Privy Council of England was one of the four principal councils of the sovereign. The other three were the courts of law, the Commune Concilium (Common Council, or Parliament of England) and the Magnum Concilium (Great Council, or the assembly of all the Peers of the Realm). None of these was ever formally abolished, but the Magnum Concilium was not summoned after 1640 and was already considered obsolete then.
The Privy Council of Scotland continued in existence along with the Privy Council of England for more than a hundred years after the Union of the Crowns. In 1708, one year after the Treaty and Acts of Union of 1707, it was abolished by the Parliament of Great Britain and thereafter there was one Privy Council of Great Britain sitting in London. Nevertheless, long after the Act of Union 1800 the Kingdom of Ireland retained the Privy Council of Ireland, which came to an end only in 1922, when Southern Ireland separated from the United Kingdom, to be succeeded by the Privy Council of Northern Ireland.
See also
List of Privy Counsellors (1679–1714)
List of Royal members of the Privy Council
Historical lists of Privy Counsellors
Privy Council of Ireland
Notes
References
1707 disestablishments in Great Britain
1707 disestablishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privy%20Council%20of%20England |
Judith Louise Jackson (born 31 August 1947 in ) is an Australian former Labor Party politician, in Tasmania from 1986 to 2006. She was the first female attorney-general of Tasmania and also served as the Minister for Environment in the Tasmanian Government. During her time in parliament, she was a member of the Hobart-based seat of Denison.
Political career
Before her entry into parliament, Jackson graduate from the University of Tasmania with a Bachelor of Arts, Diploma of Education and Bachelor of Laws. Jackson commenced work as a school teacher. She entered parliament in 1986, despite not coming from a union or political family. She held a number of portfolios including; Minister for Community Services (1989), Minister for Roads and Transport (1991), Shadow Attorney-General (1996–1998) and Minister for Health and Human Services. Jackson is a committed feminist and has worked tirelessly to bring equal opportunity to women in Tasmania. As Attorney-General, Jackson drafted several laws including The Family Violence Act which outlawed domestic violence in Tasmania and the Relationships Act which made it possible for non-married (including homosexual) couples to register a union and obtain similar rights as married couples.
Criticism
Jackson had many critics; the Risdon prison siege in 2005 caused much controversy and she was widely blamed as not handling the situation.
In 2005 the Family Violence Act she drafted was criticised by judges as one of the provisions in the legislation prevented courts from granting bail to alleged domestic violence offenders, as well as the points system used discriminating against people of different ethnic or lower socio-economic backgrounds. However Jackson remained firm about the issue and the legislation was introduced, unchanged.
In 2005 the government also drafted the Sex Regulation Act which sought to further legalise and regulate prostitution. Under the legislation, brothels in Tasmania would be legal and could be owned by any individual except convicted criminals, patrons of prostitution would be required by law to wear a condom. However Jackson was unable to convince the community and members of the Tasmanian Legislative Council rejected her bill. As a result, she made a back flip; abandoning her legislation and banning brothels in Tasmania. Jackson faced criticism from both sides; sex workers and supporters fearing that prostitution will go underground and others for supporting prostitution in the first place. Jackson, in a statement, revealed how she felt that regulation of the industry was better than banning it altogether.
As Environment Minister she was highly criticised by the Tasmanian Greens for inaction over the devil facial tumour disease, a transmissible cancer that occurs in Tasmanian devils.
Retirement
In 2005, Jackson announced she would not contest her seat during the 2006 state election and retired when her term ended on 17 March 2006.
Recognition and awards
In 2009 Jackson was inducted to the Tasmanian Honour Roll of Women for service to Government and to Human Rights. She was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2023 King's Birthday Honours for "significant service to the people and Parliament of Tasmania".
References
External links
Judy Jackon's maiden speech to parliament
Living people
1947 births
Members of the Order of Australia
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Tasmania
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians
Women members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
University of Tasmania alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20Jackson |
Jonathan Freeman-Attwood, CBE is the 14th principal of the Royal Academy of Music in London; he was appointed in 2008. Alongside his commitment to education, he is a writer, record producer, broadcaster and musician.
In 2001, he was conferred as professor with a personal chair from the University of London, and in 2009 was appointed a Fellow of King's College London, (where he is a visiting professor); he was a trustee of the University of London from 2010 to 2015, appointed fellow of the Royal Northern College of Music in 2013, and in 2017 was made a fellow of the Royal College of Music. He is a trustee and chair of the artistic advisory committee of Garsington Opera, a trustee of the Young Classical Artists' Trust (YCAT), the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music (ABRSM) and the Countess of Munster Musical Trust. He is a council member of the advisory board of the Academy of Ancient Music, vice-president of the National Youth Wind Orchestra of Great Britain, Founding Patron of London Youth Choirs, a trustee of Christ Church Cathedral Oxford Music and the British Library Saga Trust. He is also the patron of the Imogen Cooper Music Trust. In 2018 he was granted the title of honorary visiting professor of Tokyo University of the Arts (Tokyo Geidai).
He was appointed a CBE (Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire) on 30 December 2017 for Services to Music.
Early life and education
Freeman-Attwood was born in Woking, Surrey, on 4 November 1961, the son of Major Harold Warren Freeman-Attwood and Marigold Diana Sneyd Freeman-Attwood (née Philips).
He attended first St Peter's School, Seaford, and from 1975 to 1980 Milton Abbey School. He studied a BMus in music at the University of Toronto and then studied a Masters of Philosophy at Christ Church, Oxford.
Career
He served as vice-principal and director of studies at the Royal Academy of Music from 1995 to 2008 under his predecessor, Sir Curtis Price. This followed a period as dean of undergraduate studies between 1991 and 1995, when he was responsible for launching the first Bachelor of Music performance degree in the sector, with King's College London, and under the aegis of the Centre for Advanced Performance Studies (CAPS).
Holding senior posts at the academy for over 30 years, Freeman-Attwood assisted in developing new programmes, major international relationships – nurturing a twenty-year collaboration with the academy's sister conservatoire in the US, The Juilliard School – including three Promenade concerts, commercial recordings and a co-commission of Sir Peter Maxwell's Kommilitonen!. Among his other professional development initiatives is the founding in 1997 of the academy recording label (now with fifty titles, all of which he produced, including a major association with Linn Records from 2012).
In celebration of the Bicentenary, Freeman-Attwood commissioned the academy's 200 PIECES series which launched in December 2022. 200 composers, including Brett Dean, Helen Grime, Eleanor Alberga, Sir George Benjamin, and Hans Abrahamsen, were invited to write 200 new works for solo instruments or voice, with all 34 principle-study instruments being represented.
Personal
In 1990, Freeman-Attwood married Henrietta Paula Christian Parham; they have two children.
Recordings
Jonathan Freeman-Attwood has produced over 250 commercial discs.
As a trumpet soloist, Freeman-Attwood has released thirteen solo albums, the majority with Linn Records.
In 2014 he recorded the Godfather Theme for Sony as part of the anniversary celebrations of the classic films. This follows an edition of Stravinsky's Pulcinella Suite with collaborator Daniel-Ben Pienaar.
In 2021 he released a recording of four Classical-style sonatas 'by' and 'after' Mozart, created by Mozart scholar Professor Timothy Jones, drawing on varied styles and periods in Mozart's music as well as torsos and sketches.
Writing
He discussed his career and views on the changing world of music education at length in an interview with Final Note Magazine in 2015 and in January 2023 he wrote for The Arts Desk, advocating for conservatoires prioritising making recordings.
In 2021 he co-edited a volume, Musical Architects, to celebrate the new spaces designed by Ian Ritchie Architects at the Royal Academy of Music, and also the academy's bicentenary in 2022.
In 2023 the volume Musically Speaking will be published, a collection of interviews with significant musical figures. Conducted between 2009 and 2018, Freeman-Attwood's 'Principal's Interviews' will include extended exchanges with, amongst others, Dame Janet Baker, Sir Colin Davis, Semyon Bychkov, Christoph von Dohnányi, and. The volume will also feature an extended essay on the symphonies of Anton Bruckner, based on an interview with Christian Thielemann after his recently completed recordings with the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra for Sony Music.
References
Academics of the Royal Academy of Music
Principals of the Royal Academy of Music
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music
People educated at Milton Abbey School
Fellows of King's College London
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Freeman-Attwood |
[[File:Amarna Akkadian letter.png|thumb|right|Amarna letter EA 161, Aziru to Pharaoh, "An Absence Explained." (British Museum no. 29818, painted in black on top of letter, visible)<ref>Moran, 1970, The Amarna Letters, EA 161, "An absence explained, pp. 247-248.</ref> ]]
Aziru was the Canaanite ruler of Amurru, modern Lebanon, in the 14th century BC. He was the son of Abdi-Ashirta, the previous Egyptian vassal of Amurru and a direct contemporary of Akhenaten.
The dealings of Aziru are well-known from the Amarna letters. While being a formal vassal of Egypt, he tried to expand his kingdom towards the Mediterranean coast and captured the city of Sumur (Simyrra). This was seen with alarm by his neighbouring states, particularly Rib-Hadda, the king of Gubla, (Byblos), who pleaded for Egyptian troops to be sent for their protection. Rib-Hadda was ultimately exiled—and probably not long afterwards killed—at the behest of Aziru. Rib-Hadda had left his city of Byblos for four months to conclude a treaty with the king of Beirut, Ammunira, but when he returned home, he learned that a palace coup led by his brother Ilirabih had unseated him from power. He temporarily sought refuge with Ammunira and unsuccessfully appealed for support from Egypt to restore him to the throne. (EA 136-138; EA 141 & EA 142) When this failed, Rib-Hadda was forced to ignominiously appeal to his sworn enemy, Aziru, to place him back on the throne of his city. Aziru promptly betrayed him and dispatched Rib-Hadda into the hands of the rulers of Sidon where Rib-Hadda almost certainly met his death.
This event is mentioned in Amarna letter EA 162 by Akhenaten to Aziru when the pharaoh demanded that Aziru travel to Egypt to explain his actions. Aziru was detained in Egypt for at least a year before being released when the advancing Hittites conquered the important city of Amki thereby threatening Amurru (EA 170). Aziru was allowed to leave Egypt and return to his kingdom. Aziru had, however, made secret contacts with the Hittite king Suppiluliuma I, and sometime upon his return to Amurru, he permanently switched his allegiance to the Hittites to whom he remained loyal until his death. Henceforth, Amurru remained firmly in Hittite hands until the reign of the 19th Dynasty Pharaohs Seti I and Ramesses II.
See also
Amarna letter EA 161
References
Moran, William L. The Amarna Letters.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. (softcover, )
Amarna letters writers
Canaanite people
14th-century BC monarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziru |
The 1991 Sino-Soviet Border Agreement was a treaty signed between China and the Soviet Union on May 16, 1991. It set up demarcation work to resolve most of the border disputes between the two states. Initially signed by China and the Soviet Union, the terms of the agreement were resumed by Russia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The treaty resulted in some minor territorial changes along the border.
Background
The border between the Soviet Union and China had long been an issue of contention. The Sino-Soviet border was a legacy of various treaties between the Qing dynasty and the Russian Empire, the Treaty of Aigun and the Treaty of Beijing, in which Russia gained over 1 million km2 (400,000 mi2) of territory in Manchuria at China's expense, and another 500,000 km2 in the western regions from several other treaties. These treaties have long been regarded by the Chinese as unequal treaties, and the issue partially arose again with the Sino-Soviet split, with tensions eventually leading to division-scale military clashes along the border in 1969.
Even as tensions lessened and leaders on both sides adopted more conciliatory attitudes, the border issue remained unresolved. Despite their view of the previous border treaties as unequal ones, Chinese leaders were willing to negotiate on the basis of the modern boundaries. That left about 35,000 km2 of territory in dispute, with about 28,000 km2 in the Pamir Mountains of Tajikistan, 6,000 km2 elsewhere along the western border, and about 1,000 km2 along the Argun, Amur, and Ussuri rivers on the eastern border. Border negotiations were eventually resumed in 1987 at Mikhail Gorbachev's initiation. An agreement was reached on the eastern portion of the border on May 16, 1991, several months before the final dissolution of the USSR. Russia inherited most of the former Sino-Soviet border, and ratified the agreement in February 1992, while the other post-Soviet republics negotiated separate border agreements.
Agreement
The agreement largely finalized the 4,200 km (2,600 mi) border between the Soviet Union and China, except for a few disputed areas. The agreement states the intentions of both parties in resolving and demarcating the disputed border peacefully, identifies the various points of contention, and identifies the border as running through the center of the main channel of any river, based on the thalweg principle. The location of the main channel and the possession of the various islands would be decided in the course of the demarcation work. Various other articles stipulate military, usage, and traffic rights along the river borders. Two areas, Heixiazi and Abagaitu Islet, were excluded from the agreement, and their status would not be resolved until 2004. According to the estimates by Boris Tkachenko, a Russian historian, the treaty resulted in net territorial gain for China, which received about 720 km2, including some seven hundred islands.
Because islands on the Argun, Amur, and Ussuri rivers often split the rivers into multiple streams, the location of the main stream (and thus the border) was often not immediately apparent. Obviously, each country would receive a greater number of islands if the recognized main channel was closer to the opposite bank. Thus, the demarcation work was often controversial and subject to local protests over disputed territories. The demarcation work continued nearly up until its 1997 deadline.
Disputed territories and their resolution
The border territories that were disputed (arranged clockwise):
Western border
After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the former Sino-Soviet border was now shared by Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Russia. While the majority of the disputed territories lay in the west, the Russian Federation inherited only about 50 km (26 mi) of the former western Sino-Soviet border. China negotiated separate border agreements with each of the post-Soviet republics on its western borders. (See e.g. the China–Kazakhstan border).
Argun River
Menkeseli was a 17.5 km2 (7 mi2) region along the Argun River that according to the agreement should have been transferred to China. However, this was opposed by local Russian civilians, who used this area for fishing. The dispute was finally finalized in 1996, in which the region would be transferred to China but local Russian residents would be guaranteed special usage rights to the region.
413 islands and islets along the river were disputed. The final apportionment has 204 islands in Soviet territory and 209 islands in Chinese territory.
Specifically excluded from the agreement was the status of 5 km2 (2 mi2) Abagaitu Islet, on the border between China's Inner Mongolia and Russia's Chita Oblast and near the cities of Zabaykalsk and Manzhouli. In Chinese it is known by the Mongolian name of Abaigaitui, while the name in Russian is Bolshoy. This island would be transferred to China in subsequent agreements in 2004.
Amur River
The islands of the Amur river were subject to some border clashes between Soviet and Japanese forces during the Manchukuo period. After the invasion of Manchukuo during World War II, the Soviet Union unilaterally occupied many of the islands along the Amur River and prevented Chinese locals from entering. These islands were the site of several military skirmishes during the 1960s. Most of the disputed islands have been transferred to China. Of the 1,680 islands along the Amur, the agreement now recognizes 902 Chinese islands and 708 Russian islands.
The two islands of Bolshoy Ussuriysky Island (32 km2) and Tarabarov island (4 km2) near Khabarovsk, along the junction of the Amur and Ussuri rivers were specifically excluded from the agreement. The two islands are referred to collectively in Chinese as Heixiazi, although the smaller Tarabarov is sometimes called Yinlong. The status of these islands was resolved in 2004, when Tarabarov and approximately 50% of Bolshoy Ussuriysky were transferred to China.
Ussuri River
Of almost 150 island groups on the Ussuri river, almost forty lay disputed. Many of these islands were the site of numerous skirmishes and clashes before and during the Sino-Soviet border conflict. Of the 320 islands along this river, the agreement recognizes 167 Russian islands and 153 Chinese islands.
Kutsuzov is the largest island along the Ussuri. Under former Chinese possession it was known as Daxitong dao. Control was transferred to the Soviet Union during the Manchukuo period. Under the terms of the agreement, the island remained in Russia's possession.
Damansky, or Zhenbao Island along the Ussuri River, was the site of the 1969 Damansky Island incident. After the conflict, the Chinese appear to have retained de facto control over the island. The agreement recognized China's de jure as well as de facto control.
Lake Khanka
Around 3 km2 (1 mi2) of territory at Lake Khanka near the village of Tury Rog was transferred to Chinese control.
West of Lake Khanka lay a section of territory unilaterally seized from Manchukuo by the Soviet Union in 1933. This territory, about 0.70 to 0.90 km2 (170 to 220 acres), has been transferred to Chinese control.
Suifen River
A delta forms at the junction of the Suifen and Granitnaya Rivers, which is also the location of the border. In 1903, the Russian Empire acquired control of the delta. The delta was later given to Manchukuo, which was then restored to China, but the Soviet Union retained control of the islands along the river. These islands have been transferred to China.
Granitnaya River
This dispute involves a section of the former land border near the Granitnaya River, which borders part of Heilongjiang Province and Ussuriysky District (now Ussuriysk urban district) of Primorsky Krai. The original Convention of Peking (Beijing) states this section of the border lies along the Granitnaya, but the origin of the river de facto lay inside Russian territory. With the 1991 agreement, Russia transferred 9 km2 (3.5 mi2) to China so that now the Sino-Russian border runs along the entire length of the river.
Tumen River
The Khasansky District lies near the Sino-North Korean border and the Sino-Russian border and included two disputed regions along the Tumen River. According to the agreement, 3 km2 (1 mi2) of territory would be transferred to China, and Chinese ships would gain the right to navigate the Tumen river. The territory transfer would connect a previously enclaved piece of Chinese territory to the rest of China (Fangchuancun). This portion of the agreement stirred up some controversy among some Russian officials from Primorsky Krai, as they felt that direct Chinese access to the Sea of Japan (through the Tumen River) would decrease the economic importance of Vladivostok and Nakhodka. Other arguments protested at potential pollution from Chinese economic development, the possibility of Chinese military vessels navigating the river, and the presence of a Russian cemetery commemorating the Lake Khasan Incident in the area. Finally, in June 1997, the Russian side proposed a resolution which would divide the disputed territory in half. This was accepted by China in September of the same year, and in November, when the border demarcation work was declared finished, 1.6 km2 (0.6 mi2) were transferred to China, and 1.4 km2 (0.5 mi2) were retained by Russia. The Lake Khasan cemetery remained on the Russian side, and the Chinese officials underwent informal agreements to not build a port along the Tumen River.
Sino-Russian-North Korean border
The exact location of the Sino-Russian border along the left bank of the Tumen River was an area of contention (the entirety of the right bank of the river belonging to North Korea). The Convention of Peking (Beijing) set the location of border at 24 km (15 mi) above the mouth of the river, where it enters the Sea of Japan, but through Chinese negotiation was later moved to about 15 or 16 km (9 mi) above the mouth. In 1964, both sides agreed to a border about 17 km (11 mi) above the mouth, and these terms were kept in the 1991 agreement. However, the Russian side preferred it to be set at 24 km, and the Chinese at 15 km. The final position was set at 18.3 km (11.3 mi) above the mouth of the river.
The final position of the triangular border, where China, Russia, and North Korea meet, was successfully demarcated in 1998 after trilateral negotiations from all three countries, and went into effect 1999.
Relation to Taiwan's mainland claim
The Republic of China now based in Taiwan does not recognize any Chinese territorial changes based on any border agreements signed by the People's Republic of China with any other countries, including this 1991 one, due to the requirements in the Constitution of the Republic of China and its Additional Articles. Russia does not recognize the legitimacy of the Republic of China, though the two countries maintain unofficial relations, with representative offices of each country in the other's capital.
See also
Sino-Soviet border conflict
Foreign relations of China
Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation
Bear Island (Amur River)
References
Bibliography
External links
Sino-Russian border agreement
Sino-Russian border agreement
Treaties of the People's Republic of China
Treaties of the Soviet Union
Boundary treaties
China–Russia border
China–Russia treaties
China–Soviet Union relations
Treaties concluded in 1991
Treaties entered into force in 1992
China–Soviet Union border
May 1991 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%20Sino-Soviet%20Border%20Agreement |
Liquid paraffin may refer to:
Liquid paraffin (drug)
Mineral oil
In chemistry, a mixture of heavier alkanes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid%20paraffin |
Dumitru Antonescu (25 March 1945 – 25 April 2016) was a Romanian football player.
Club career
Dumitru Antonescu was born on 25 March 1945 in Constanța, Romania, starting to play football at junior level in 1957 at local club Electrica Constanța, after four years moving at Steaua București for one year, before returning to play at senior level for his hometown team FC Constanța, making his Divizia A debut on 15 February 1967 in a match which ended with a 1–0 victory against Petrolul Ploiești. In his 17 seasons spent at FC Constanța which include three Divizia B seasons, the highlight of this period was a fourth position at the end of the 1966–67 season and he managed to become the clubs all-time leader of Divizia A appearances with 390 games in which he scored 12 goals, making his last appearance in the competition on 24 November 1982 in a 1–1 against Dinamo București. In 1979 he spent a short period playing for Șoimii Cernavodă in Divizia C. After he ended his playing career, Antonescu was coach from 1985 until 1987 at Dunărea Călărași, after which he worked at Farul Constanța's youth center for almost three decades, spending the last year of his life as a technical director at ACS Prejmer, dying on 25 April 2016 in a hospital from Bucharest.
International career
Antonescu played 13 games for Romania making his debut on 29 October 1972 under coach Angelo Niculescu in a 2–0 home victory against Albania at the 1974 World Cup qualifiers in which he appeared in a total of five matches, including Romania's biggest ever victory, a 9–0 against Finland. He also played in a 3–1 victory against Greece at the 1973–76 Balkan Cup and his last game for the national team was a 0–0 against Denmark at the Euro 1976 qualifiers.
Honours
FC Constanța
Divizia B: 1980–81
Notes
References
External links
1945 births
2016 deaths
Men's association football defenders
Romanian men's footballers
Romania men's international footballers
FCV Farul Constanța players
Liga I players
Liga II players
Liga III players
Romanian football managers
FC Dunărea Călărași managers
Footballers from Constanța | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumitru%20Antonescu |
Le Balcon is a chamber orchestra dedicated to the interpretation of music through the amplification of acoustic instruments.
The ensemble has numerous aims: to stimulate writing for amplified acoustic instruments and to rethink the aesthetic of the concert, seeking new methods of production, interpretation, and configuration.
Effective amplification gives the ensemble the ability to perform a concert in all of its guises and in every setting : concert halls, public spaces, open arenas and even passage ways... This setup allows the ensemble to go beyond the natural acoustics of the performance space and the chance to reach out to a larger audience with a repertoire that has habitually been reserved for affiliates of the contemporary scene.
The ensemble offers new possibilities for musical interpretation with particular regard to the instrumental performance: the correlation between visual gestures and the actual sound which is heard can be completely transformed. Moreover, in the case of the performance of 20th- and 21st-century works where the aesthetic is powered by instrumental gestures, amplification augments the technical possibilities of each instrument, modifies their timbre and transforms the sonic plane.
Le Balcon was founded in 2008 by six students of the Conservatoire de Paris – Composers Juan Pablo Carreño, Mathieu Costecalde and Pedro Garcia-Velasquez, Conductor Maxime Pascal, Sound Engineer Florent Derex and Pianist Alphonse Cemin.
References
In French
Blog
External links
Le Balcon official website
Chamber orchestras
French orchestras
Musical groups established in 2008
Musical groups from Paris
2008 establishments in France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Balcon |
Johannes (Jan) Symonsz van der Beeck (1589 – buried 17 February 1644) was a Dutch painter also known by his alias Johannes Torrentius. ("Torrentius" is a Latin equivalent of the surname van der Beeck, meaning "of the brook" or "of the river".)
Despite his reputation as a still life master, few of Torrentius' paintings survive, as his works were ordered to be burned after he was accused of being a Rosicrucian adherent of atheistic and Satanic beliefs. The tortured painter was thrown into prison as a convicted blasphemer until being permitted to leave the country as a political gesture for England's Charles I, an admirer of van der Beeck.
Life and career
Johannes van der Beeck was born and died in Amsterdam, where he married in 1612. Relations between himself and wife Neeltgen van Camp eventually soured and ended in a divorce. Beeck was briefly thrown into jail for failing to pay his former wife her alimony in 1621.
His libertine ways and purported membership in the Rosicrucian order led to his 1627 arrest and torture as a religious non-conformist and an alleged blasphemer, heretic, atheist, and Satanist. The 25 January 1628 judgment from five noted advocates of The Hague pronounced him guilty of "blasphemy against God and avowed atheism, at the same time as leading a frightful and pernicious lifestyle". It was widely believed that the condemned Torrentius' influence had affected Jeronimus Cornelisz, a trader of the Dutch East India Trading Company who led a bloody mutiny aboard the Batavia, a 1628 ship of the Dutch East India Company in 1629.
According to the RKD, Torrentius was tried in 1627, but according to Houbraken, who quoted Theodorus Schrevelius, he was tried and placed on the painbench, and thereupon sentenced to 20 years in the Tuchthuis (the Haarlem house of detention), on 25 July 1630.
Although he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment, King Charles I of England – an admirer of the painter's works – intervened, and was able to secure his release after two years, hiring Torrentius as Court Painter. He stayed in England for 12 years, returning to Amsterdam in 1642.
Legacy
The painting Still life with Bridle inspired Polish poet and essayist Zbigniew Herbert to write an essay on Torrentius and this picture entitled "Still life with Bridle" which also gave its title to his collection of essays on Dutch Golden Age painting (Wrocław, 1993).
In the documentary Mysterious Masterpiece: Cold Case Torrentius (2016) by Maarten de Kroon in cooperation with Jeanne van der Horst, Torrentius' sole remaining painting Still life with Bridle is submitted to a close technical investigation. A series of experts (including Christopher Brown, Walter Liedtke and Martin Kemp) comment on the artist's technique and life story. The film details the technical research shedding new light on Torrentius' work.
References
External links
Torrentius at the Dutch Rijksmuseum
Torrentius in documentary film
1589 births
1644 deaths
Painters from Amsterdam
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch male painters
Dutch prisoners and detainees
Dutch torture victims
People convicted of blasphemy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%20van%20der%20Beeck |
In woodworking, a trestle table is a table consisting of two or three trestle supports, often linked by a stretcher (longitudinal cross-member), over which a board or tabletop is placed. In the Middle Ages, the trestle table was often little more than loose boards over trestle legs for ease of assembly and storage. This simple, collapsible style remained the most common Western form of table until the 16th century, when the basic trestle design gave way to stronger frame-based structures such as gateleg and refectory tables. Ease of assembly and storage has made it the ideal occasional table, and it remains a popular form of dining table, as those seated are not so inconvenienced as they might be with the more usual arrangement of a fixed leg at each corner.
Construction and uses
Trestle tables figure prominently in the traditional American style of household furnishings, usually accompanied by spindle-backed chairs. The trestles in this case are normally of much higher quality, often made of oak and braced with a stretcher beam using a keyed tenon through the centre of each trestle. These typically support a high-quality waxed oak tabletop. Trestle tables are also used in the event furniture industry, they are the main table used at weddings and other types of venues today.
Heraldry
The trestle (also tressle, tressel and threstle) is (rarely) used as a charge in heraldry, and symbolically associated with hospitality (as historically the trestle was a tripod used both as a stool and to support tables at banquets).
See also
Picnic table
Refectory table
Sawbuck table
Table (furniture)
Trestle desk
References
External links
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
Historical reference at Bartleby/Columbia Encyclopedia
Photos of a trestle table broken down into individual components at RL Goins
Tables (furniture)
Portable furniture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trestle%20table |
The following active airports serve the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, including Greater Vancouver and the Fraser Valley:
Land airports
Scheduled commercial airline service
Other
Former
Water aerodromes
Scheduled commercial airline service
Other
Former
Heliports
Scheduled commercial airline service
Other
See also
List of airports in the Gulf Islands
List of airports in the Okanagan
List of airports in the Prince Rupert area
List of airports on Vancouver Island
List of airports in Greater Victoria
References
Transport in Greater Vancouver
Vancouver
Lists of buildings and structures in British Columbia
Airports
Vancouver | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20airports%20in%20the%20Lower%20Mainland |
Eve White was an English television actress.
Among other roles, she appeared as Sue Morgan on the soap opera Hollyoaks from 1999 to 2002.
White is now a literary agent in London, UK, having founded Eve White Literary Agency in 2003.
References
External links
Eve White: Literary Agent
Living people
Literary agents
English television actresses
English soap opera actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eve%20White |
The acronym OPEX may refer to:
Operating expense
Operational excellence
OPEX (Stock Exchange)
OPEX (Corporation)
OPtions EXpiration | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPEX |
Baixo Vouga () is a former Portuguese subregion integrated in the Centro Region. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision. It was centered on the city of Aveiro. Other major cities included Águeda, Ílhavo and Ovar. The subregion covered an area of 1,807 km2 and had a population of 394,393 inhabitants (2005) for an overall density of 218 inhabitants/km2. It was crossed from east to west by the Vouga River.
Economy
Baixo Vouga is a subregion of heavy industry; its exports include paper, ceramics, chemicals, automobiles, and food. Tourism, education (including the University of Aveiro) and health services are also very developed.
Municipalities
The municipalities (Concelhos) of Baixo Vouga ("Lower Vouga" river valley) are:
Águeda
Albergaria-a-Velha
Anadia
Aveiro
Estarreja
Ílhavo
Murtosa
Oliveira do Bairro
Ovar
Sever do Vouga
Vagos
Note: Mealhada used to be part of Baixo Vouga. It is now part of Baixo Mondego / Regiao de Coimbra.
Transport
Several motorways, tollways (auto-estradas)[A 1;A 25].
Main train stations: Aveiro (main hub)
Ovar, Esmoriz, Pampilhosa, Mealhada, Estarreja, O.do Bairro, Mogofores.
Other stations: Avanca, Oia, Paraimo/Sangalhos, Quintas, Luso.
Principal airfield: Aveiro/Sao Jacinto [PVA].
Chief harbor: Porto de Aveiro {Ilhavo/Aveiro}.
References
Former NUTS 3 statistical regions of Portugal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baixo%20Vouga |
The Forum of Caesar, also known by the Latin Forum Iulium or Forum Julium, Forum Caesaris, was a forum built by Julius Caesar near the Forum Romanum in Rome in 46 BC.
Construction
Caesar decided to construct a forum bearing his name in the northeast section of the Forum Romanum, and purchased some very expensive parcels of land in that area (the final cost was said to be 100,000,000 sesterces). Forum construction began probably in 51 BC, although Cicero and Gaius Oppius were entrusted with purchasing the parcels of land on Caesar's behalf as early as 54 BC. On the eve of the Battle of Pharsalus in 48, Caesar vowed a temple to Venus Victrix, the legendary progenitor of his own clan, the gens Iulia. This original dedication was done because she was Pompey's favourite goddess, and Caesar hoped to gain the goddess's favour before the battle against Pompey.
The forum measured 160 x 75 m, stretching from the Argiletum on the southeast side of the Forum Romanum to the Atrium Libertatis. On completion in 46 BC it was dedicated to Caesar and his deeds. As part of the dedication, lavish games were funded by Caesar, indicating the staggering cost and thus the personal interest that Caesar had invested in the project.
Some believe that Augustus furnished the west side with the shops and offices therefore being the one to see its completion.
Purpose
The Forum of Caesar originally meant an expansion of the Forum Romanum. The Forum, however, evolved so that it served two additional purposes. As Caesar became more and more involved in this project, the Forum became a place for public business that was related to the Senate in addition to a shrine for Caesar himself as well as Venus Genetrix.
Before his assassination, Caesar would have the Senate meet him before his temple, an act deemed very unpopular by the Senate. The Forum of Caesar also had an effect on the Curia, which Caesar began to reconstruct in 44 BC. This reconstruction moved the Forum of Caesar much closer to the Curia. The ten tabernae located on the western side of the Forum and its now close approximation to the Senate house symbolized the unity that Caesar felt between himself and the Senate.
Caesar also placed a statue of his favourite horse in front of the temple. Following his assassination, a statue of Caesar riding this horse was added. Caesar (gens Julia) claimed descent from Venus through his ancestor Julus. The Temple of Venus Genetrix was completed after Caesar's assassination by Roman senators, which included lavish games in reference to Caesar's original dedication of the Forum.
The temple was re-built after the removal of the gap between the Capitoline Hill and the Quirinal Hill, under the reigns of Domitian and Trajan; during the adaptation of the gap, a second floor of tabernae was created behind the west portico of the square and a building with pillars made of tuff blocks, named Basilica Argentaria, was erected. The new temple was inaugurated in the same day as the Trajan's Column, on May 12, 113, as attested by an inscription in the Fasti Ostienses.
Art
In the plaza of the forum, Caesar allowed a statue of himself wearing a cuirass to be set up, and also set up an equestrian statue of himself seated on a horse with feet carved like those of a human, according to Pliny the Elder. In the time of Hadrian, and perhaps earlier, a fountain with three basins connected by low walls was set in front of the temple, with a statue of the Empress Vibia Sabina placed on a base adjacent to it.
The Temple of Venus Genetrix contained an important collection of statues, paintings and engravings. The cult statue of Venus Genetrix was sculpted by Arcésilas. A gilded statue of Cleopatra VII was erected, setting a precedent for dedications to notable women in the precinct. Paintings in the forum included one of Medea, mythological Greek heroine of Euripides' play Medea, as well as one of Ajax, mythological Greek hero of Sophocles' Ajax, done by Timomachus. Perhaps more personal to Caesar were six collections of engraved gems. These surpassed in number the collection of Mithridates dedicated by Caesar's rival Pompey. It is not known where or how Caesar obtained these six collections.
Cassius Dio stated that Augustus also deposited a statue of Caesar with a star above his head in the temple, although some scholars believe this was confused with the Temple of Divus Julius in the Forum Romanum. Dio also stated that Caligula added a statue of his sister Drusilla inside the temple after her death. In the plaza, a statue of Tiberius was set up by fourteen cities of Asia Minor to honor the relief he sent them after earthquakes in 17 and 23 A.D.
Reconstruction
Following the reigns of Caesar and Augustus, a total reconstruction of the Forum took place, headed by the Roman Emperor Domitian. Why this reconstruction occurred is not exactly known. Under the reign of Titus, a massive fire ravaged the city in AD 80, including the Forum Romanum. The Forum of Caesar was not rebuilt until AD 95, however, indicating that perhaps Domitian had a personal interest in the reconstruction. This could be seen in the separation of the Curia from the Forum, symbolizing a reversal of Caesar's wish to have the Senate closely connected with him. Not much senatorial business took place in the Forum afterwards, except for the secretarium senatus in the 4th century. Diocletian restored the forum after a fire in 283 A.D.
In the sixteenth century, excavations unearthed the travertine and tufa foundations of the Temple of Venus Genetrix, as well as remains of columns and frieze. Andrea Palladio and Antonio Labacco made illustrations of these remains, peripteral octastyle in design.
In late May 2006, a team of archaeologists under the direction of Anna de Santis and Paola Catalano unearthed an inhumation tomb dating from the 10th century BC in the Forum of Caesar, in comparison to the previous five cremation tombs unearthed there from July 1999 to April 2006.
See also
Ancient Roman architecture
Imperial fora
Lady of the Forum
List of ancient monuments in Rome
References
Further reading
External links
Forum of Caesar (1995-2021): Archaeological Investigations, Related Studies, Exhibitions, Publications, & Digital Resources. Dr. Barbara Baldrati / F. of Caesar (Architectural Survey 2002-04).
Forum of Caesar (1998-2021): Archaeological Investigations, Related Studies, Exhibitions, Publications, & Digital Resources. Archaeological Investigations and Restoration works (1930-33, 1998-2021).
Forum of Caesar (1998-2021): Archaeological Investigations, Related Studies, Exhibitions, Publications, & Digital Resources. The Area before the Forums (12th-9th Century B.C., Ancient Burials and Artifacts).
High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of Forum of Caesar | Art Atlas
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC
Caesar
Rome R. X Campitelli
Works by Julius Caesar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum%20of%20Caesar |
Alfred Junge (29 January 1886, Görlitz, Silesia (now Saxony), Germany – 16 July 1964, London) was a German-born production designer who spent a large part of his career working in the British film industry.
Junge had wanted to be an artist from childhood. Dabbling in theatre in his teenage years, he joined the Görlitz Stadttheater at eighteen and was involved in all areas of production. He worked in the theatre for over fifteen years. Junge began his career in film at Berlin's UFA studios, working there as an art director from 1920 until 1926, when he joined the production team of director E.A. Dupont who was relocating to British International Pictures. He remained with BIP at Elstree Studios until 1930 when he returned briefly to the continent to work in Germany and then in France with Marcel Pagnol. From 1932 he remained in Britain.
Michael Balcon placed him in charge of the new Gaumont British art department where his organisational skills as well as talent came into their own, running a large staff of art directors and craftsmen who worked on any number of films at one time. After being Gaumont Britain's first real supervising art director, he moved to MGM-British where he continued until the outbreak of the Second World War. After a brief spell spent interned as an enemy alien on the Isle of Man, Junge returned to London where he began work on King Vidor's The Citadel (1938). In 1939, he worked with Powell and Pressburger on Contraband, the first of eight pictures he made with the partnership.
The last of these was Black Narcissus (1947); his designs for the Himalayas-set film earned Junge the Oscar for Best Art Direction. He received a second nomination for the Arthurian epic Knights of the Round Table (1954). He was the first film production designer to have one of his pictures hung in the Royal Academy in London. This was a sketch of The Road to Estaminet du Pont which he created in preparation for his work on The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943).
Filmography
The Green Manuela (1923)
Inge Larsen (1923)
The Ancient Law (1923)
Man Against Man (1924)
The Man at Midnight (1924)
Waxworks (1924)
Athletes (1925)
The Salesgirl from the Fashion Store (1925)
An Artist of Life (1925)
Den of Iniquity (1925)
The Alternative Bride (1925)
Variety (1925)
The Battle Against Berlin (1926)
Lace (1926)
Aftermath (1927)
The Tragedy of a Lost Soul (1927)
Mata Hari (1927)
Love Affairs (1927)
Regine (1927)
Make Up (1927)
Moulin Rouge (1928)
Docks of Hamburg (1928)
The Favourite of Schonbrunn (1929)
Piccadilly (1929)
Three Around Edith (1929)
Triumph of Love (1929)
Two Worlds (1930, British)
Menschen im Käfig (1930)
Two Worlds (1930, German)
Marius (1931)
Salto Mortale (1931)
Nights in Port Said (1932)
The Magic Top Hat (1932)
Eight Girls in a Boat (1932)
The Midshipmaid (1932)
After the Ball (1932)
The Good Companions (1933)
I Was a Spy (1933)
The Constant Nymph (1933)
Britannia of Billingsgate (1933)
Sleeping Car (1933)
Waltz Time (1933)
Turkey Time (1933)
Leave It to Smith (1933)
Friday the Thirteenth (1933)
A Cuckoo in the Nest (1933)
Channel Crossing (1933)
The Ghoul (1933)
Orders Is Orders (1933)
Waltz Time (1933)
A Cup of Kindness (1934)
Wild Boy (1934)
The Iron Duke (1934)
Evergreen (1934)
The Fire Raisers (1934)
Jack Ahoy (1934)
My Song for You (1934)
Evensong (1934)
Jew Süss (1934)
Lady in Danger (1934)
Little Friend (1934)
Red Ensign (1934)
The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934)
Dirty Work (1934)
Road House (1934)
The Clairvoyant (1935)
The Night of the Party (1935)
Me and Marlborough (1935)
Bulldog Jack (1935)
The Guv'nor (1935)
Car of Dreams (1935)
His Lordship (1936)
Everything Is Thunder (1936)
It's Love Again (1936)
Head over Heels (1937)
King Solomon's Mines (1937)
Gangway (1937)
Young and Innocent (1937)
Sailing Along (1938)
The Citadel (1938)
Climbing High (1938)
Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939)
Busman's Honeymoon (1940)
Contraband (1940)
He Found a Star (1941)
The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp (1943)
The Silver Fleet (1943)
A Canterbury Tale (1944)
The Volunteer (1944, short)
I Know Where I'm Going! (1945)
A Matter of Life and Death (1946)
Black Narcissus (1947)
Edward, My Son (1949)
Conspirator (1949)
The Miniver Story (1950)
Calling Bulldog Drummond (1951)
Ivanhoe (1952)
The Hour of 13 (1952)
Time Bomb (1953)
Never Let Me Go (1953)
Mogambo (1953)
Knights of the Round Table (1953)
Flame and the Flesh (1954)
Seagulls Over Sorrento (1954)
Betrayed (1954)
Beau Brummell (1954)
Bedevilled (1955)
The Adventures of Quentin Durward (1955)
That Lady (1955)
Invitation to the Dance (1956)
A Farewell to Arms (1957)
The Barretts of Wimpole Street (1957)
See also
Art Directors Guild Hall of Fame
List of German-speaking Academy Award winners and nominees
External links
1886 births
1964 deaths
Best Art Direction Academy Award winners
German art directors
British art directors
German emigrants to the United Kingdom
People from Görlitz | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Junge |
The U.S. Ski Team, operating under the auspices of U.S. Ski & Snowboard, develops and supports men's and women's athletes in the sports of alpine skiing, freestyle skiing, cross-country, ski jumping, and Nordic combined. Since 1974 the team and association have been headquartered in Park City, Utah.
These individuals represent the best athletes in the country for their respective sports and compete as a team at the national, world and Olympic level.
History
*The first U.S. Ski Team was officially named in 1965 for the 1966 season, however the United States participated in skiing at all Olympic Winter Games and sent various athletes to World Championships prior to the '66 season.
1860s–1880s early ski clubs and ski tournaments in the U.S.
Ski clubs appeared in the United States starting in 1861, in California. Norwegian "snowshoe" downhill races are noted in Sierra and Rocky Mountain mining camps. The Nansen Ski Club of Berlin, New Hampshire, was founded by Norwegian immigrants and named in honor of Norway's legendary Arctic explorer Fridtjof Nansen. It continues to operate. Annual ski jumping tournaments began in Great Lakes mining and timber regions. The Saint Paul Winter Carnival included skiing events starting in 1888.
1891–1893 Central Ski Association of the Northwest tournaments
A regional ski association is formed by the Eau Claire (Dovre), Ishpeming (Norden), Stillwater (Norwegian), Red Wing (Aurora), and Minneapolis clubs, but dissolves after an economic downturn and a couple low snow winters.
1905 National Ski Association
The National Ski Association of America, the forerunner of the present-day U.S. Ski & Snowboard, was founded on Feb. 21, 1905 in Ishpeming, Michigan. Club President Carl Tellefsen proposed holding a meeting after the 1905 jumping tournament – a national competition – to found a ski association which, among other duties, would oversee jumping tournaments. In 1905, the association was formally organized during a meeting attended by officers from the Ishpeming, Minneapolis, Red Wing, Stillwater and Eau Claire ski clubs. On Feb. 21, 1905, Carl Tellefsen announced the National Ski Association of America with himself as its first president.
1910 International Ski Commission
In 1910, the International Ski Commission was formed at the first International Ski Congress to develop rules for international ski competitions. On Feb. 2, 1924 in Chamonix, France, while what would come to be recognized as the first Winter Olympic Games were being held, the commission gave way to the International Ski Federation (FIS); 14 member nations were present at the founding; 108 are FIS members today.
1924 inaugural Olympic Winter Games at Chamonix, France
The first Winter Olympic Games actually were under the banner of International Sports Week, but were renamed the Winter Olympic Games in 1924 after organizers saw how successful they were (and after Norway, which had opposed "Winter Olympic" events because of concern Norwegians wouldn't dominate, saw it would be a winter power) supported the concept. Only Nordic skiing events were held, including cross country, ski jumping (then the premier ski event everywhere) and Nordic combined. Sixteen nations competed.
Anders Haugen, a Norwegian immigrant to the United States, was listed as fourth in ski jumping because of a calculation error. In 1974, as Norwegians prepared to celebrate the 50th anniversary of those first Winter Games, a recalculation in Oslo found Haugen was the real bronze medalist and not Thorleif Haug (1894–1934). A medal presentation was arranged in Oslo, where a frail Haugen received the bronze medal from the daughter of Thorleif Haug, who had been dead since the Thirties. Haugen's medal remains the only jumping medal won by an American in the Olympics or World Championships. Originally, the IOC did not recognize the medal exchange and kept Haug listed as its 1924 bronze medalist for years before recognizing Haugen as the legitimate medal-winner.
First FIS World Championships: Nordic (1925) and alpine (1931)
International competitive skiing was still primarily a European sport in the Twenties. Although the United States participated in the Winter Olympics of 1924, '28 and '32 - where there were only Nordic events, there was no U.S. Ski Team.
1932 Olympic Winter Games at Lake Placid, New York
The 1932 Summer Games were headed to Los Angeles, and Godfrey Dewey – whose father had founded the Lake Placid Club – championed Lake Placid over a half-dozen other candidates for the Winter Games (including Denver; Minneapolis and Duluth, Minnesota; Yosemite and Lake Tahoe, California; and Bear Mountain, New York). Then-Gov. Franklin D. Roosevelt pledged to build a bobsled run and Dewey, who had arranged a posting as manager of the 1928 Olympic Ski Team, parlayed those contacts to land the 1932 Winter Olympics for the small Adirondacks village. Some 300 athletes from 17 nations competed. Skiing was still limited to Nordic events; top US skier was another jumper, Casper Oimoen, who finished fifth.
*** This was the first major international ski event in the United States
1935 U.S. sends first alpine team to FIS World Championships
The championships returned to Mürren, Switzerland, site of the first official alpine championships in 1931. Six men, seven women were on that first U.S. squad at Worlds.
1936 Alpine added to Olympic Winter Games at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
Alpine skiing was introduced to the Olympics with a single event, the combined (one downhill run and two slalom runs). While Nordic remained an all-male province, alpine was opened to men and women. Germans took gold and silver in both the men's and women's alpine combined events; Franz Pfnür and Christl Cranz were the new champions; Dick Durrance, who grew up in Florida but spent several years in Germany learning to ski before Adolf Hitler took power, was the runaway best U.S. skier, finishing 10th.
For the only time, the FIS authorized a World Championships in addition to the Olympics with alpine championship races held in Innsbruck, Austria.
1948 Olympics return with first U.S. alpine medals at St. Moritz, Switzerland
The Olympics (with Germany and Japan barred from competing) returned after a 12-year hiatus, with American Gretchen Fraser (then of Vancouver, WA, later of Sun Valley, ID) winning the first two U.S. Olympic ski medals – and they came on the same day, Feb. 5; the combined downhill had been run the previous day and when she won the slalom, it gave her second place in the combined calculation. In addition to the combined, which debuted in 1936, alpine added both elements of combined as individual events, meaning alpine was now equal with Nordic, having three events (slalom, downhill and the combined; however, there were no women's Nordic events until 1952).
Fraser led U.S. skiers, collecting the first medals by a U.S. skier - gold in slalom and silver in combined. The U.S. women's team captain, Dodie Post, broke her ankle in a practice session and was unable to compete. The team also included a talented young teen – Andrea Mead, 15, whose parents owned Pico Peak, near Rutland, VT. Also of note, Gordon Wren (Steamboat Springs, CO) qualified for all four individual ski teams. He eventually competed only in jumping. "I was going ragged, bumping into myself, trying to train, ski alpine, cross country and the rest, so I decided to focus on jumping," he explained. He finished fifth.
1950 World Championships in U.S.: Lake Placid, NY (Nordic) and Aspen, CO (alpine)
Poor snow in the Adirondacks almost forced cancellation of the Nordic events, but, alerted by 1948 Olympic cross country racer Chummy Broomhall that there was more than a foot of snow in his hometown of Rumford, Maine, officials agreed to stage opening ceremonies and the jumping events in Lake Placid, then everyone drove to Rumford for the cross country competitions. At one point, Broomhall helped set the race tracks – no machine-setting equipment in those days, so skiers would ski-in the tracks – and then went home to change into his racing outfit; traffic at the site meant Broomhall missed his scheduled start time, but officials let him run at the end of the pack.
The alpine Worlds, organized by Dick Durrance, then general manager at the fledgling Aspen Ski Area, included slalom, downhill, and the first appearance of giant slalom. American Katy Rodolph of Colorado led the US, finishing fifth in the women's downhill. Aspen was established as an alpine destination as a result of the successful World Championships.
1960 Olympics return to U.S. at Olympic Valley, CA
The young Squaw Valley resort near Lake Tahoe in California ushered in a new Olympic era under the direction of Alexander Cushing. No bobsled run was built. In cross country, Squaw Valley introduced the initial machine-set tracks; everything had been walked or skied in before Squaw Valley but – with Al Merrill and Chummy Broomhall setting the tone as chief of competition and chief of course, respectively – snow machines were used to help groom Nordic courses for the first time.
1962 NSA renamed U.S. Ski Association (USSA)
The 57-year-old National Ski Association got a new name as the U.S. Ski Association. The renamed organization moved from Denver to Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Also, the U.S. Ski Education Foundation, designed to "Establish, administer and promote educational programs devoted to the development and training of skiers" and promote ski museums, was founded Oct. 8, 1862 (and chartered June 13, 1964). By enabling donors to receive tax deductions for contributions, it would become the fundraising arm of the U.S. Ski Team, the forerunner of the U.S. Ski and Snowboard Team Foundation.
1964 U.S. alpine men earn first Olympic medals at Innsbruck, Austria
The Olympics came to Austria for the first time in 1964. U.S. men earned their first medals Feb. 8 as Billy Kidd (Stowe, VT) won silver in slalom and Jimmie Heuga (Tahoe City, CA) took slalom bronze. Jean Saubert (Hillsborough, OR) was a double medalist, tying for silver in giant slalom and collecting bronze in slalom.
1965 Bob Beattie named U.S. Ski Team alpine head coach
In 1965, the USSA took the first steps in the formation of a formal U.S. Ski Team by naming its first head alpine coach. At the annual USSA convention on June 21 in Spokane, Bob Beattie was named the first full-time U.S. alpine skiing head coach. "When you think you're going too fast--accelerate!" he would goad team members. Chuck Ferries, a 1964 Olympian, was named assistant coach, with primary responsibilities as head coach of the women's alpine team. Ferries took leave from his job with Head Ski Co. to coach, and was named full-time women's coach in 1966. No full-time Nordic jumping or skiing coaches were yet designated.
1973 National Training Centers created
National Training Centers were created for both national alpine and Nordic teams. It was opened Oct. 28 in three old, mid-mountain, mining buildings at Park City Ski Area (now Park City Mountain Resort). Former Alpine Director Willy Schaeffler was the center's director.
1974 U.S. Ski Team moves to Park City, UT
In the summer of 1974 the alpine portion of the U.S. Ski Team relocated from USSA's Denver office to Park City, Utah. The athletes and coaches began utilizing the Alpine Training Center, a building designed by Willy Schaeffler, that opened in old mining buildings at Park City Ski Area. Administrative offices were set up in the old Mountain Air Grocery on lower Main Street.
1976 USSA and U.S. Ski Team split
In 1976 the USSA and the U.S. Ski Team agreed to part ways. The USSA continued to control the rules and governance of the sport, as well as organizing travel programs for recreational skiers, while the U.S. Ski Team focused solely on the elite national team.
1988 USSA and U.S. Ski Team rejoin
After years of operating separately, the USSA and U.S. Ski Team were merged once again in the Summer of 1998 under the direction of Thomas Weisel. Weisel proposed the creation of a 'super-board' consisting of 15 people representing the leadership of both organizations. USSA CEO Howard Peterson was selected to lead the new organization and the USSA moved its national offices from Colorado Springs to join the U.S. Ski Team in Park City, UT, establishing its headquarters at its present location on 1500 Kearns Blvd.
2007 Center of Excellence groundbreaking
The USSA broke ground on the Center of Excellence on July 18, 2007. Upon opening in 2009, the Center of Excellence housed athletic facilities including strength-training areas, a gymnasium, a climbing wall, ski and snowboard ramps, trampolines, a nutrition center and rehabilitation facilities. Additionally, educational areas for athletes, coaches and clubs such as a computer lab, multimedia rooms for performance analysis and equipment workshops are available. All of the educational resources are shared with the USSA's 400 clubs around the country.
Making the U.S. Ski Team
Interested young athletes generally begin competing through one of 425 local U.S. Ski and Snowboard Association clubs located in communities around the country, generally at ski and snowboard resorts. Clubs provide introductory education and training, as well as competition programs.
Each U.S. Ski Team sport is also organized at a regional and divisional level, with slight variances by sport. Alpine skiing, for example, is organized in three regions: Eastern, Rocky/Central and Western. Within those regions are divisions including Northern, Eastern, Southern, Central, Rocky Mountain, Intermountain, Far West and Alaska. In some areas, such as New England, there are also state-based organizations.
Competition programs are held within each region or division leading up to national and international events. From these competitions, athletes earn points and are ranked nationally with the highest ranking athletes earning nominations to join the US national teams, which compete at the World Cup level.
Ski & snowboard is one of the only Olympic sports in the United States to support a full-time standing national team in every sport. Teams are nominated each spring or summer based on results. Teams for FIS World Championships (held every odd year) and Olympic Winter Games (held every four years) are selected by specific criteria and named for those individual events.
Alpine highlights
Olympic Winter Games
Alpine World Championships
Alpine World Cup
Freestyle highlights
Olympic Winter Games
World freestyle championships
Freestyle World Cup
Cross-country highlights
Olympic Winter Games
World cross-country championships
Cross-country World Cup
Nordic combined highlights
Olympic Winter Games
World Nordic combined championships
Nordic combined World Cup
Jumping highlights
Olympic Winter Games
Ski jumping World Cup
References
External links
U.S. Ski & Snowboard Association official site
International Ski Federation
Skiing in the United States
Skiing
Skiing
Park City, Utah
United States
1965 establishments in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20Ski%20Team |
Shively may refer to:
People
Benjamin F. Shively (1857–1916), American politician, Representative and Senator from Indiana
Donald Shively (1921–2005), American academic, historian, and author
George Shively (1893–1962), Negro league baseball player
Gerald Shively (born 1962), American economist
Matt Shively (born 1990), American actor
Tom Shively (born 1946), member of the Missouri House of Representatives
Places
Shively, California, an unincorporated community
Shively, Kentucky, a city in the Louisville metropolitan area
Shively Field, a public airport near Saratoga, Wyoming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shively |
The Forum of Augustus (; ) is one of the Imperial fora of Rome, Italy, built by Augustus (). It includes the Temple of Mars Ultor. The incomplete forum and its temple were inaugurated in 2 BC, 40 years after they were first vowed.
History
The triumvir Octavian vowed to build a temple honoring Mars, the Roman God of War, during the battle of Philippi in 42 BC. After winning the battle, with the help of Mark Antony and Lepidus, Octavian had avenged the assassination of his adoptive father Julius Caesar. He became the Princeps of Rome in 27 BC under the name Augustus, and planned for the temple to be built in a new forum named after himself. Augustus used social propaganda by continuing Julius Caesar's will to create a Temple to Mars Ultor "greater than any in existence," by placing it within the Temple, linking himself to his divine adopted father, obtaining a strong link to the Roman population through their love for the deceased dictator.
The majority of the land that the Forum was to be built on was already owned by Augustus himself. However, the initial plans called for more space than he had and would have required him to purchase or expropriate further land. Instead, the plans were altered slightly, so some asymmetry is apparent, especially in the Eastern corner of the precinct. Suetonius states that Augustus did not want to take the houses of the nearby owners by force. These land issues, as well as numerous architectural mishaps, prolonged construction. The incomplete forum and its temple were inaugurated, 40 years after they were first vowed, in 2 BC. In 19 AD Tiberius added two triumphal arches either side of the temple in honour of Drusus the Younger and Germanicus and their victories in Germania.
With the dedication of the Forum of Trajan in 112, the number of inscriptions found in the Forum of Augustus decline, which suggests that many of its functions were transferred to the new venue, although Hadrian made some repairs. The educational and cultural use of the exedrae were recorded in the late antiquity. The last reference to the forum dates to 395. Archaeological data indicates that the structures were systematically dismantled in the first half of the 6th century, probably because it was seriously damaged in an earthquake or during the wars. The Forum of Augustus was among the first of the great public buildings of Rome which disappeared that also explains the rapid loss of the memory of its original name. In the 9th century a Basilian monastery was erected on the podium of the ruined temple. By the 10th century, the forum had become so congested with ruins and vegetation, that the locals had given it the name Hortus mirabilis (the wonderful garden).
Usage
The Forum of Augustus was built to both house a temple honouring Mars, and to provide another space for legal proceedings, as the Roman Forum was very crowded. Before battle, generals set off from the Temple of Mars, after attending an inaugural ceremony. Other ceremonies took place in the temple including the assumption of the toga virilis by young men. The Senate met at the Temple when discussing war and the victorious generals dedicated their spoils from their triumphs to Mars at the altar. Arms or treasure recovered from battle were often stored in the Forum as well. Another use that Augustus made of the Temple was to store the standards taken by the Parthians from Crassus during his failed campaign, after their retrieval through Augustus' diplomacy in 20 BC, as depicted by the Augustus of Prima Porta. Three Aquilae were lost in 9 AD in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest of the Legions Legio XVII, Legio XVIII and Legio XIX; all three were recovered-one in 14 AD from the Marsi and one in 15 AD from the Bructeri; the 3rd was recovered in 41 AD from the Chauci-and all three placed within the Temple of Mars the Avenger.
Statuary
The Forum was filled with a rich variety of different statues. Most notable were the statues of Augustus in full military outfit in the center of the Forum, and of Mars and Venus in the Temple. In total, there were 108 portrait statues with inscriptions of each individual's achievements, providing an important idea of how Augustus viewed his role within Roman history. The inscriptions are called elogia by modern scholars. In addition to statues of all the Roman triumphatores, which were either made of bronze or marble and were placed along the left side of the Forum and in the left exedrae, the entire right side and right exedrae were full of statues of men in the Julian-Claudian family. They trace Augustus's lineage back through the fourteen Alban kings to the founding ancestors Aeneas and Romulus. These figures reinforced the importance of both Roman lineage and also of the prestigious lineage that Augustus himself held. By advertising this lineage, he reinforced his power and authorities as a leader. Also, by placing himself amongst great figures and heroes, he further portrayed himself and his own importance. He paints himself as one of ‘the greats’ worthy of the power he held. Whilst all the elogia record the deeds of these great men, Augustus's Res Gestae Divi Augusti acts as a direct parallel.
The statues in the forum provided excellent reasoning for Augustus to claim his restoration of the Republic. Not only were the great men of Rome's past being honored through their busts, but Augustus was also establishing his ancestry to these men, either by blood or by spirit. This provided Augustus with another connection between himself and the old Republic, an era of Roman history he continuously tried to invoke during his reign.
The statues of the famous men of the Republic for which an inscription has survived are:
Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis, consul in 496 BC, won the Battle of Lake Regillus.
Manius Valerius Maximus, dictator in 494 BC, allegedly the first princeps Senatus.
Aulus Cornelius Cossus, consul in 428 BC, was awarded the spolia opima for killing the Etruscan king Lars Tolumnius during the Battle of Fidenae in 437 BC.
Marcus Furius Camillus, five times dictator between 396 and 367 BC, who saved Rome after the Sack by the Gauls in 390 BC.
Marcus Valerius Corvus, six times consul between 346 and 299 BC, triumphed three times.
Lucius Papirius Cursor, five times consul between 326 and 313 BC, hero of the Second Samnite War. He was compared to Alexander the Great by Livy.
Appius Claudius Caecus, censor in 312 BC, built the first Roman aqueduct (Aqua Appia) and first Roman road (Via Appia).
Gaius Fabricius Luscinus, consul in 282 and 278 BC, famous for his incorruptibility during the Pyrrhic War.
Gaius Duilius, consul in 260 BC, won the first naval victory over Carthage at Mylae.
Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus, five times consul between 233 and 209 BC, famous for his delaying strategy against Hannibal during the Second Punic War.
Marcus Claudius Marcellus, five times consul between 222 and 208, was awarded the spolia opima in 222 BC, and captured Syracuse in 212 BC.
Scipio Africanus, consul in 205 and 194 BC, defeated Hannibal at Zama in 202 BC.
Gaius Cornelius Cethegus, consul in 197, triumphed over the Cenomani.
Marcus Porcius Cato, consul in 195 BC, famous for his conservative morals, author of the first Roman History in Latin.
Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, consul in 190 BC, defeated Antiochos III at Magnesia.
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, consul in 187 and 175, princeps senatus six times, and pontifex maximus.
Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus, consul in 182 and 168 BC, defeated Perseus at Pydna.
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus, consul in 177 and 163 BC, triumphed over the Celtiberians and Sardinians.
Gaius Claudius Pulcher, consul in 177, triumphed over the Histri and Ligures.
Scipio Aemilianus, consul in 147 and 134 BC, captured Carthage and Numantia.
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus, consul in 143, defeated Andriscus.
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, consul in 109, defeated Jugurtha.
Gaius Marius, seven times consul between 107 and 86, defeated the Cimbri and Teutons.
Sulla, consul in 88 and 80 BC, captured Jugurtha and defeated Mithridates.
Lucius Licinius Lucullus, consul in 74 BC, defeated Mithridates and Tigranes.
Other statues included an ivory Athena Alea, sculpted by Endoeus, which Augustus took from its temple in Tegea, in Greece. A large statue called the Genius of Augustus was placed in the northern portico, currently referred to as the Hall of the Colossus- the possible base is still intact and visible. Fragments of this statue are now located in the nearby Museum of the Imperial Fora.
The forum is made of ashlar blocks of peperino tufa with Carrara marble. Its construction also includes colonnades made of giallo antico, from Numidia, with the second storey of colonnades made from africano and pavonazzetto. These materials are from all over the Empire, but the enclosing walls were made of local Roman stone; although the different coloured stone would create a visual spectacle they also symbolize that the empire might be built from many different nations, but they are all defended and kept by Rome.
See also
Imperial fora
Roman architecture
List of ancient monuments in Rome
References
Further reading
Joseph Geiger, The First Hall of Fame, A Study of the Statues in the Forum Augustum, Leiden/Boston, Brill, 2008.
External links
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC
Augustus
Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Rome
Rome R. I Monti | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum%20of%20Augustus |
Darian Kent Grubb (born October 9, 1975) is a NASCAR mechanic, engineer, and crew chief who is currently employed at Trackhouse Racing as the Director of Performance and the crew chief of the team's part-time No. 91 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 driven by Kimi Räikkönen and Shane van Gisbergen. He has collected one championship and 24 wins (including one Daytona 500 win) as a crew chief.
Previously, Grubb worked for Hendrick Motorsports in a technical director position in 2020, 2019, 2017 and 2016 and as a crew chief for their No. 24 of William Byron in 2018. Prior to that, he worked for Joe Gibbs Racing as a crew chief for two of their NASCAR Cup Series teams: the No. 11 of Denny Hamlin from 2012 to 2014 and the No. 19 of Carl Edwards in 2015. Prior to that, Grubb worked for Stewart-Haas Racing from 2009 to 2011 as the crew chief for team co-owner Tony Stewart, winning the Cup Series championship with him in 2011. Before that, he had another stint at Hendrick Motorsports from 2003 to 2008, starting his career as an engineer and was later the interim crew chief in 2006 for Jimmie Johnson's No. 48 after the suspension of Chad Knaus at the start of the season, where Johnson would go on to win the 2006 Daytona 500. Grubb then got his first permanent crew chiefing job in 2007, working on Hendrick's No. 25 of Casey Mears before moving into an engineering managerial role with the team in 2008.
Early life
Grubb was born in Floyd, Virginia, a small town in Floyd County, which had only one stoplight and an estimated 14,000 residents. Floyd is also the birthplace and childhood home of NASCAR legend Curtis Turner. His love of racing began to develop during his time at Floyd County High School. He built Late Model stock cars that competed in races throughout Virginia and the Carolinas. Grubb made a lasting impression upon his graduation in 1993, ranking 6th in a 156-pupil class. As a senior at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (more commonly known as Virginia Tech) in 1998, Grubb was influential in the design of the school's "Tinker Bell" ATV used in competition. He graduated with a mechanical engineering degree that year through a co-op program with Volvo Trucks and General Motors. Grubb quoted this about his association with the co-op program:
"That was a really good program. I worked within Volvo Heavy Trucks for the first four years [of college]. I was basically able to do five years of college with alternating semesters, so I got a year-and-a-half of work experience by the time I graduated. I was a junior design engineer and worked with people designing truck interiors - seats, dashes and all the integral parts of the interior of tractor-trailer rigs. My senior year [in college] I went to General Motors and worked on the Cadillac program that summer, basically working on mechanical systems, warranty reduction and power-steering systems. That was a good experience for me because it was my first time to actually move out of state and I got a chance to work with one of the Big Three auto companies."
Racing career
2003–2008: Hendrick Motorsports (first stint)
Grubb spent four years as an engineer with Hendrick Motorsports, before taking over the crew chief job temporarily for Jimmie Johnson's team at the 2006 Daytona 500, after regular crew chief Chad Knaus was suspended. Johnson went on to win that race for his first Daytona 500 victory. Johnson and Grubb went on to finish second at the 2006 Auto Club 500. Johnson won two weeks later, again with Grubb, in the 2006 UAW-DaimlerChrysler 400. In 2007, he was named the crew chief for Casey Mears' No. 25 Hendrick team, where he scored another win, at the Coca-Cola 600. For the 2008 season, Grubb moved to an administrative role with Hendrick Motorsports, supervising the No. 5 and the renumbered No. 88 teams.
2009–2011: Stewart-Haas Racing
On September 5, 2008, it was announced that Grubb would be leaving Hendrick Motorsports at the end of the season to join the new Stewart-Haas Racing team to serve as Tony Stewart's crew chief in 2009. Their first win together came at the All-Star Race at Charlotte Motor Speedway. Grubb also guided Stewart to his first points race win as an owner/driver at the 2009 Pocono 500. During the 2011 season, Grubb led Stewart from a mediocre pre-chase effort to five chase victories and Stewart's third NASCAR Cup Championship by way of a 5-1 victory tiebreaker over Carl Edwards that NASCAR used in the event of a tie in the points standings at the end of the season. This was Grubb's first championship. However, Grubb announced that he had been informed of his release prior to the fall Charlotte race.
2012–2015: Joe Gibbs Racing
Grubb joined Joe Gibbs Racing and became the crew chief for Denny Hamlin and the No. 11 team in 2012, replacing Mike Ford. On July 29, 2014, Grubb was suspended six races for tampered firewall covers, which could lead to more downforce, during the Brickyard 400. JGR shook up their crew chief lineup for 2015, and Grubb moved from Hamlin's No. 11 to JGR's upstart fourth Cup Series car, the No. 19, driven by Carl Edwards. Ironically, this meant that Grubb was now crew chiefing the driver who Stewart (who was crew chiefed by Grubb) barely beat to win the 2011 championship.
2016–2020: Hendrick Motorsports (second stint)
In 2016, Grubb returned to Hendrick Motorsports to become the vehicle production director, which oversees chassis manufacturing. In 2017, he was named crew chief for the No. 5 car of Kasey Kahne for the last 9 races of the season starting at New Hampshire.
On November 1, 2017, it was announced that Grubb would be the crew chief for William Byron for the 2018 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. On October 10, 2018, Hendrick Motorsports announced that Grubb would return to a technical director position while Knaus takes over crew chief duties for the No. 24 in 2019.
2021–present: Chip Ganassi Racing and Trackhouse Racing
In 2021, Grubb left Hendrick again and went to Chip Ganassi Racing as their Director of Performance. The position was a subordinate to CGR's team manager, Tony Lunders. When CGR sold their NASCAR team to Trackhouse Racing after the end of that year, Grubb continued in the same role for Trackhouse. On May 26, 2022, Trackhouse announced that Grubb would crew chief the team's new part-time third car, the No. 91, driven by Kimi Räikkönen in the race at Watkins Glen. He would return at Circuit of the Americas with Räikkönen in 2023. He would also lead Shane van Gisbergen to his first career Cup Series win in his debut at the Chicago Street Course.
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
NASCAR crew chiefs
Virginia Tech alumni
People from Floyd, Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darian%20Grubb |
Yulia (also Yulia Townsend and Yulia MacLean) is a Russian-born New Zealand classical crossover singer. Her first solo album Into The West went platinum in its first week of sales in New Zealand. She won two NZ Music Awards; 'Best Female Solo Artist' and 42 Below 'Best Selling Album in New Zealand'. She has supported Amici Forever and Russell Watson with two sold-out tours in Tokyo. Yulia's albums Into the West and Montage had three top 40 radio hits in New Zealand, "Into the West", "Angel" and "We're All Alone". Yulia was the first female vocalist in New Zealand to have two back to back number one hit albums. Yulia's voice was once described as a "lovely rich contralto with passion and conviction",
and she also have the ability to perform in the mezzo-soprano range.
Life
MacLean was born and raised in Volgograd, Russia. She and her mother emigrated from Russia to Christchurch, New Zealand in 2002 after being abandoned by her abusive father.
Career
Within two years of living in New Zealand, Yulia learned to speak English, finished her education and signed a recording deal with Sony Music New Zealand. Yulia was first discovered on regional television as a last minute subject for a ten-minute segment on Good Living With Kerry Pierson on Christchurch's local television station CTV. Her debut album, Into the West was released in 2004 and was a commercial success, reaching number one in New Zealand's album chart and went four times Platinum. Two years later, Yulia released her second album, Montage which also topped the charts.
Soon after the release of Montage Sony and Yulia parted ways. After becoming disillusioned with the music industry, Yulia decided to change her career and become a flight attendant. In 2007, she met Glyn MacLean, the director and owner of Oikos Music Group. MacLean encouraged her to continue with her career in music and signed Yulia to a management and publishing deal. The pair married in February 2008 and invited 168 fans to the wedding at their own cost. In March 2011 the couple announced that Yulia was pregnant with the couple's first child. She gave birth to a son late 2011. She had another son in early 2014. The couple separated in 2015 after their second child was born. Glyn moved to Australia and ceased being her manager, and Yulia reverted to her maiden name.
In 2010 Yulia won the Grand Prix in the European Song Competition in Riga, Latvia, and the national award for Best Nationwide Entertainment in the Corporate Events Guide 2010 People's Choice Awards. While in London in November 2010, Yulia "delivered" for producer Craig Leon. Leon, who has worked with a variety of artists including Blondie, The Bangles, The Ramones, and Pavarotti, heard Yulia's music online and requested a meeting. Yulia signed a music production deal with Craig Leon in November 2010 and was reported to be working on pre-production for a third studio album, but this did not materialise.
In 2010 Yulia recorded and self-produced four live shows which were presented as limited edition collectable CDs. Live at Mills Reef, Live at Mill Bay Haven, Enchanted Song and Live at Ascension Wine Estate.
In 2013 Yulia's international music career was to be launched by Grammy Award Winning music producer Craig Leon and International Media Executive Gustavo Sagastume. She was part of a world music TV special to appear on PBS TV USA called Divinas along with Irish singer Méav Ní Mhaolchatha and Persian-born Israeli singer Rita. Following the U.S. public television premiere of this special, a Divinas tour was set to take place in the United States in the Spring of 2013.
Discography
Albums
Into the West (2004) #1 NZ (4× Platinum – 60,000+)
Into the West Special Christmas Edition (2004)
Montage (2006) #1 NZ (2× Platinum – 30,000+)
2010 Live Concert Series; limited edition collectables:
Live at Mills Reef
Live at Mill Bay Haven
Enchanted Song
Live at Ascension Wine Estate
References
1986 births
Living people
New Zealand contraltos
Russian emigrants to New Zealand
Musicians from Volgograd
New Zealand women pop singers
New Zealand mezzo-sopranos
21st-century New Zealand women singers
Sony Music New Zealand artists
Musicians from Christchurch | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulia%20%28singer%29 |
The Temple of Mars Ultor was a sanctuary erected in Ancient Rome by the Roman Emperor Augustus in 2 BCE and dedicated to the god Mars in his guise as avenger. The centerpiece of the Forum of Augustus, it was a peripteral style temple, on the front and sides, but not the rear (sine postico), raised on a platform and lined with eight columns in the Corinthian order style.
According to Suetonius and Ovid, the young Octavian vowed to build a temple to Mars in 42 BCE just before the Battle of Philippi if the god would grant him and Marcus Antonius victory over two of the assassins of Julius Caesar, Gaius Cassius Longinus and Marcus Junius Brutus. However, work did not commence on the temple until after the recovery of the Aquilae in 20 BCE that had been lost by Marcus Licinius Crassus in the disastrous Battle of Carrhae 33 years earlier. Originally, the Roman Senate had decreed that the returned standards were to be housed in a temple to Mars Ultor that was to be built on the Capitoline Hill. Augustus however, declared that he would build it at his own expense on the site of his new forum. Augustus’s decision to wait to fulfill his vow has been speculated to have been due to a reluctance to celebrate his victory over those who were seen as the defenders of Libertas, whereas the return of the standards, and its symbolic revenge against the Parthians, was a more acceptable victory to commemorate.
The temple was dedicated, albeit in an incomplete state, in 2 BCE, to coincide with Augustus’s celebration of his 13th consulship as well as his acceptance of the title Pater Patriae. The temple (and the forum within which it was placed) was part of imperial propaganda campaign to glorify and bring about an acceptance of the authority of the new Augustan empire. To the imperial regime, it was vital to accentuate the favour of the gods, as well as glorifying the ancestral figures and past of Rome, and so overcome the disorder of the civil wars that had plagued the state for over 50 years. In the words of Augustus himself, “I have fashioned this to lead the citizens to require me, while I live, and the rulers of later times as well, to attain the standard set by those great men of old.”
On the pediment of the temple was inscribed the name of Augustus, along with a series of reliefs honouring the divinities that played a part in influencing the outcome of battles and wars through their intercession. In the centre was the figure of Mars, flanked by the goddesses Fortuna and Venus. Next to these were the seated figures of Romulus (in the guise of an augur) and the goddess Roma in arms. Finally, in the gable corners were reclining figures of the personification of the Palatine Hill and Father Tiber. It was to these divinities that Augustan propaganda ascribed the self-styled “victory” over the Parthians that saw the return of the lost standards during Augustus’s visit to Syria in 20 BCE (and to a lesser extent, his victory at the Battle of Philippi as an act of filial vengeance against the assassins of his adoptive father, Julius Caesar). Further, it also emphasized the role that the goddess Fortuna played his triple victory in Illyria (33 BCE), at the Battle of Actium and in Egypt defeating Cleopatra. Finally, the role of Mars Ultor was critical in Augustus’s attempts to refashion the events of his coming to power in a way that obscured the illegality of much of his actions during those years.
Within the temple there stood three statues. In the middle, a colossal Mars Ultor depicted in full military dress, holding a large spear in his right hand and a shield in his left. On the right side of the god stood a statue of the goddess Venus, with Cupid – it was Venus whom all of the gens Julia claimed descent from. To the left of the god was a statue of Julius Caesar, or more specifically ‘Divus Julius’, as he had been deified after a comet was seen in the sky during his funeral games.
In 19 CE, the emperor Tiberius added two arches, one on either side of the temple, and it was later restored during the reign of Hadrian. The temple was used by the Senate as a meeting place to discuss matters of foreign policy, discussions around declarations of war, and to make decisions for awarding triumphs. It also served as a reception place to meet foreign embassies. By the end of the 4th century, the temple would have been closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire, when the Christian Emperors issued edicts prohibiting non-Christian worship. During the ninth century, an oratory church was built in the ruins of the temple, and was called the church of San Basilio in Scala Mortuorum. This church was mentioned in the 12th century Mirabilia Urbis Romae and by the late 19th century, the temple ruins was home to the convent of the nuns of Santa Annunziata.
See also
List of Ancient Roman temples
References
Temples on the Aventine
Mars Ultor
Roman temples by deity
Temples of Ares
1st-century BC religious buildings and structures | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20of%20Mars%20Ultor |
Christopher Paul Stebbings MBE is an actor and the artistic director of TNT Theater Britain (known in Japan as the International Theater Company London) and the American Drama Group Europe.
Background
Stebbings was born in Nottingham and studied drama at Bristol University. He trained in the Grotowski method with Triple Action Theatre in Britain and Poland. Stebbings founded TNT theatre in 1980 and received regular Arts Council funding for work in the UK. He has also acted for Nottingham Playhouse and TNT and directed and written for South Yorkshire Theatre; Paragon Ensemble, Glasgow; Tams Theatre, Munich; the St. Petersburg State comedy Theatre, the Athens Concert Hall, Megaron; and regularly for Teatro Espressivo in Costa Rica where his adaptation of Dickens' Christmas Carol "Cuenta de Navidad" is performed each year. Paul is the most prolific foreign director of theatre in China, in both English and Mandarin. His three productions for the Shanghai Dramatic Arts Centre remain in their regular repertoire: The Taming of the Shrew, Oliver Twist and The Murder of Sherlock Holmes. TNT theatre tours three to four times a year throughout much of China, produced by Beijing-based Milky Way Paul Stebbings work in China is featured extensively in Nancy Pellegrini's book The People's Bard
TNT theatre website: https://www.tnttheatre.com/
His productions tour in Europe, Asia, Central America and the Middle East. Festival appearances include the award-winning Wizard of Jazz at the Munich Biennale, the Off-Broadway Festival in New York City, and award-winning performances at the Edinburgh Festival of The Murder of Sherlock Holmes, in which he played the title role. Paul recently (2017) directed Julius Caesar in Schlegel's German translation at the Munich Glyptothek. His new play about the Syrian Civil War and the refugee crisis, My Sister Syria, toured Europe in 2017 and 2018. in 2019 his Spanish version of Lord of the Flies premiered in Costa Rica and toured to Peru. In 2021 he co-wrote the musical FRANKENSTEIN with composer Christian Auer for the Deutsches theater Munich. The musical will be performed in Spanish at the teatro Espressivo de Costa Rica in autumn 2023. His production of OTHELLO toured to 60 European castles and palaces in 2022 and closed the Royal Jubilee celebrations at Balmoral castle. Paul's productions of ROMEO & JULIET and MACBETH toured Latin America from Mexico to Chile in spring 2023 where he received a Ministry of Culture award in Peru. Paul's work returns to China in November 2023. In autumn Paul premiers his own version (with Phil Smith) of Orwell's 1984.
Paul Stebbings lives in Munich with his wife, Angelika, a television executive.
Honours
He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2013 Birthday Honours for services to promoting British theatre and furthering British cultural interests in Asia.
Productions and publications
TNT The New Theatre - The ideas, adventures and productions of TNT theatre by Paul Stebbings and Phil Smith. Published by Triarchy Press UK 2020. https://www.triarchypress.net/tnt.html
Macbeth
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Brave New World
Moon Palace
Fahrenheit 451
A Midsummer Night's Dream
Hamlet
The Taming of the Shrew
Gulliver's Travels: A Satirical Science-Fiction Adventure
Harlequin (later retitled Glasnost Harlequin)
The Charlie Chaplin Putsch
Twelfth Night
The Life and Death of Martin Luther King
Free Mandela (new play by Paul Stebbings and Phil Smith) 2020
Othello 2020 - 2022
Cuenta de Navidad 2007 - 2022
Frankenstein the rock musical 2021 [17]
==External links==
TNT theatre
References
English male stage actors
English theatre directors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Male actors from Nottingham
Theatre people from Munich
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Members of the Order of the British Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Stebbings |
Pinhal Litoral () is a former NUTS3 subregion of Portugal integrating the Centro Region. It was abolished at the January 2015 NUTS 3 revision. It covered an area of 1,741 km2, a population of 261,665 (as of 2005) and a density of 150 inhabitants/km2. It has a diversified economic activity, mainly glass, plastics, wood and agriculture.
Cities and towns
The main city is Leiria (pop.50,176 ;{63,000 in urban area}. Other cities are Marinha Grande (29,000) and Pombal (18,000).
Municipalities
It covers 5 municipalities:
Batalha [town]
Leiria [city;area seat of Pinhal Litoral, capital of Leiria District, Leiria urban community and Leiria/Fátima Diocese
Marinha Grande [city]
Pombal [city]
Porto de Mós [town]
References
Former NUTS 3 statistical regions of Portugal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinhal%20Litoral |
William Macomb (c. 1751 – April 16, 1796) was a British colonial merchant and fur trader in the Detroit, Michigan area before and after the American Revolutionary War, who got his start as a young man in the colony of New York. He was a brother of Alexander Macomb, and the two were partners in Detroit.
After the war, Macomb was elected as a member of the first parliament of Upper Canada in 1792, and he was the largest slaveholder in the area of Michigan at the time of his death. He died shortly before the British evacuated from Fort Detroit under the Jay Treaty, which was ratified in 1795.
Early life
Macomb was born in County Antrim, northern Ireland around 1751, of Scots ancestry. He was the son of John Macomb, a merchant, and Jane Gordon. When he was a child, his family emigrated in 1755 to the colony of New York. They settled in Albany, where his father John Macomb was a merchant. With his older brother, Alexander, William also went into fur trading in upstate New York, dealing with the six nations of the Iroquois and other tribes around the southern part of the Great Lakes.
Career in Detroit
In 1774 the brothers moved to Detroit (now Michigan, USA) as agents for Phyn & Ellice, fur traders in Schenectady, who sold them their stock for that site. Trading here since the 17th century, French Canadians were fiercely competitive in the area, but the young men felt they had a good start.
In 1776 the Macomb brothers purchased Grosse Ile from the Potawatomi Indians. The island was not settled by European Americans until after the war. During the American Revolutionary War, the Macombs continued to supply the British at Fort Detroit and the Indian Department, becoming wealthy and highly influential, and taking another partner.
Alexander Macomb returned to New York, settling in Manhattan before the end of the war. He became a very wealthy American land speculator, making profits from transactions in Georgia, North Carolina and Kentucky.
William Macomb continued to lead their business in the Detroit area, forming many connections with other British military and civil authorities. His trade with natives continued to include liquor, although this was officially discouraged by local Catholic leaders and John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, the jurisdiction established in 1791 after the United States gained independence.
Macomb married Sarah Jane Dring, and they had at least eight children together. One account said that, after her death, he married a woman of the surname Gallant. Another said that Sarah Jane survived his death.
Political activities
In July 1788, Macomb was appointed as a judge of the Court of Common Pleas for the District of Hesse. It was known as the Western District after 1792, when Upper Canada was established. The district covered not only present-day Western Ontario, but extended to the settlements at Detroit and Michilimackinac, which were also under British control at the time. The British vacated these areas in 1796.
In 1792, Macomb was elected to the 1st Parliament of Upper Canada; he was among three men elected from Detroit to this parliament. Together with François Baby, he represented Kent, serving until his death in 1796.
Macomb died at Detroit two months before the British evacuation of the fort in July 1796, following settlement of the border between Canada and the United States by the Jay Treaty, which was ratified in 1795. Seven of his eight surviving children were still minors at that time.
With 26 slaves listed in his estate at the time of his death, Macomb was recorded as holding the most slaves of any person in what is now known as Michigan.
Legacy
Macomb was survived by his wife Sarah and the following children: John W. (named for his father), Anne, Catherine, William, Sarah, Jane, David B., and Eliza. His widow and children continued to live in Detroit after his death, becoming Americans after changes under the Jay Treaty. All of these children except John W. Macomb were minors at the time of the June 1805 fire that destroyed Detroit, according to land board records.
References
Further reading
J.K. Johnson (1988), Becoming Prominent: Leadership in Upper Canada, 1791–1841, McGill-Queens University Press,
Tiya Miles (2017), The Dawn of Detroit: A Chronicle of Slavery and Freedom in the City of the Straits, The New Press,
External links
William R. Wilson, "Parshall Terry (b.1756 - d.1808) and William Macomb (b. ? - d.1796), Historical Narratives of Early Canada, compilation and commentary (Note: Website not updated since Wilson's death in January 2013; he had been a teacher, superintendent and director of education in Ontario)
1796 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada
Year of birth uncertain | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Macomb%20%28merchant%29 |
"Killing Loneliness" is a song by Finnish rock band HIM. It was released in February 2006, as a single from their 2005 breakthrough album, Dark Light. "Killing Loneliness", along with "Wings of a Butterfly", is one of the band's best known songs in the United States.
On the 11 May 2006 episode of Loveline, lead vocalist Ville Valo confirmed that the song was inspired by skateboarder Brandon Novak, who blamed his heroin addiction on a need to, as he put it, "kill the loneliness". The song is playable in the 2010 video game Rock Band 3.
Music video
There are two versions of the song's music video, a European and U.S. version, the latter of which was filmed in April 2006 and released in May. Making a guest appearance in the U.S. version of the video is tattoo artist Kat Von D, known from the reality television series LA Ink and Miami Ink.
Track listing
Finnish track listing
"Killing Loneliness" – 4:29
"Wings of a Butterfly" (live) – 3:26
"Play Dead" (live) – 4:00
German track listing
"Killing Loneliness" – 4:29
"The Cage" – 4:17
"Wings of a Butterfly" (live) – 3:26
"Under the Rose" (live) – 3:55
"Killing Loneliness" (video) - 4:01
Japanese track listing (EP)
"Killing Loneliness" – 4:29
"Under the Rose" (live) – 3:55
"Wings of a Butterfly" (live) – 3:26
"Play Dead" (live) – 4:00
"Vampire Heart" (live) – 5:13
"The Cage" (Album version) – 4:17
UK track listing
"Killing Loneliness" – 4:29
"Under the Rose" (live) – 3:55
Live versions from the gig at Philadelphia 2005.
Charts
References
2005 songs
2006 singles
HIM (Finnish band) songs
Music videos directed by Nathan Cox
Sire Records singles
Songs written by Ville Valo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing%20Loneliness |
The Bolivian Army () is the land force branch of the Armed Forces of Bolivia.
Figures on the size and composition of the Bolivian army vary considerably, with little official data available. It is estimated that the army has between 26,000 and 60,000 men.
Organization
Combat units directly under the Army general command
1st Infantry Regiment Colorados (Presidential Guard), contains two 2 battalions: BI-201 and BI-202
BATCOM-251,
Gen. maintenance cen. no. 1
Transport batt. no. 1.
1st National parks Security Regiment
Special forces command
The Special Forces command controls the following units:
1st Ranger Regt. German Busch, Challapata
12th Ranger Regt. "MANCHEGO", Montero
16th Infantry Regt. JORDAN, Riberalta (Special Forces)
18th Parachute Infantry Regiment VICTORIA "Army Special Troops Training Center", Cochabamba
24th Ranger Regiment (Mountain) MÉNDEZ ARCOS, Challapata
Army aviation command
291st Cavalry Group (La Paz)
Army aviation company 291 (La Paz)
army aviation company 292 (Santa Cruz)
Regional
The Bolivian Army has six military regions (regiones militares—RMs) covering the various Departments of Bolivia:
RM 1, La Paz, most of La Paz Department: 1st Army Division, 1st Mechanized Division, 297th MPB C.L.Saavedra (Military Police battalion), 296th En Btn CNL R.C.Zabalegui (ecological batt.), BE-297 (ecolog. batt.), BATLOG-1 (Logistics btn.), 291st Air Group, 1st Military Hospital, Military Police School, Army Equestrian Center, Military College of Bolivia "COL Gustavo Villaroel Lopez", Army School of Intelligence, Army Engineers School MCAL Antonio Jose de Sucre, Army Signals and Communications School, Army Armor School, Army 1st Engineering Regiment CPN Felipe Ochoa "Army Engineering and Maintenance Center", Bolivian Army Military School of Music "LTCOL Antonio Patino"
RM 2, Potosí, covering the departments of Oruro and Potosí: 2nd and 10th ADs,1st RR, 24th RR M.Arcos (ranger regt.), ADA-202 (a.a. group), Army Mountain School
RM 3, Tarija, consisting of Tarija Department and eastern Chuquisaca and southern Santa Cruz:3rd and 4th AD
RM 4, Sucre, covering the departments of Cochabamba and northern Chuquisaca: 7th Army Division, 272nd MP Btn., BATLOG-2 (long.Batt), mili.hospital no2, Army Arsensals Cochabamba, Army Command and Staff College MSHL Antonio de Santa Cruz, Army NCO School "SGT M. Paredez", Army Artillery School, 18th PIR "Victoria" (Army Special Troops Training Center), Army NCOs and Warrant Officers Advance Studies Institute, Army Arms Applications School, 1LT Edmundo Andrade Military High School
RM 5, Cobija, encompassing the Pando Department and parts of La Paz and Beni departments: 6th AD, 16th IR Jordan (special forces), Army Jungle Operations School
RM 6, Santa Cruz, covering most of Santa Cruz Department: 5th and 8th ADs, 273rd MPB R.Amezaga (Military Police), BE-298 (ecological batt.), 12th RR Manchego (ranger), BATLOG-3 (logist. batt.), 292 army aviation company, Bolivian Condores school (special forces), 6th IR
Army Divisions
The army is organized into ten territorial divisions, titled Army Divisions (AD), plus a mechanized division, each of which, with the exception of Viacha, occupy a region generally corresponding to the administrative departments, with some overlapping. These and their respective divisional headquarters and constituent units are:
1st Mechanized Division Viacha (La Paz Department): 1st Field Artillery Regiment "Camacho", 6th Air Defense Artillery Regiment, 23rd IR (Mechanized Infantry Training), 4th IR Tarapaca (Mech.) 5th ACR, 2nd ACR (Training), 1st Armor Regiment, 8th IR (Mech) "Ayacucho", 2nd Artillery Regt., 6th ADA Regt.
1st AD, Viacha (La Paz Department): 36th IR, 35th IR, 30th IR Murillo (mountain), 2nd CEB G.F.Roman.
2nd AD (Mountain), Oruro: 21st IR Illimani (Mountain), RI 22 Mejillones, 25th RI (Mountain Training) Tocopilla, RC 8 Braun, Bat.Ing. 7 Sajama.
3rd AD, Villamontes (Tarija Department): 5th IR Campero, RI 20 Padilla, RC 3 Aroma, RA 3 Pisagua, 1st CEB Chorolque.
4th AD, Camiri (Santa Cruz Department):, 6th Infantry Regiment Campos, RI 11 Boqueron, 1st Cavalry Regt. "E. Avaroa", FAR 4 Bullian
5th AD, Roboré (Santa Cruz Department): RI 13 Montes, RI 14 Florida, RI 15 Junin, RC 6 Castrillo, RA 5 Vergara
6th AD, Trinidad: RI 17 Indepedencia, RI 29 Echevarria, RI 31 Rios, RI 32 Murguia, 2nd Cavalry Regt. Ballivan, 8th AR Mendez (reserve), Bat.Ing. 6 Riosinho.
7th Army Division, Cochabamba (the largest):, 18th Parachute Infantry Regiment "Victoria" (Army Special Troops Training Center), 26th IR R.Barrientos (mech.) 29th PIR "CPT V.Ustariz" (airborne), 7th FA Regt. Tumusia, Bat.Ing.5 T.N.Ovando, 3rd Mil. Police Regt.
8th AD, Santa Cruz: RI 7 Marzana, RI 10 Warnes (mech.), RC 10 G.M.J.M. Mercado, RA 9 Mitre (reserve), Bat.Ing. 3 Pando.
9th AD (Reserve), Rurrenabaque: the Division has been reduced to reserve status and its component units have been divided up between DE-1 and DE-6
10th AD, Tupiz: 2nd Infantry Regiment "Marshal Antonio Jose de Sucre", 3rd IR "Juan Jose Perez", RI 4 Loa, RI 27 Antofagasta, 7th ACR Chichas (Armored Cavalry), RA 12 Ayohuma (reserve)
Regimental abbreviations
RIE/IR/PIR: infantry regiment
RC/ACR: cavalry regiment
RA: artillery regiment
Bat.Ing./CEB: Engineer battalion
The 11 divisions control the following units:
eight cavalry regiments, included two mechanized regiments
twenty-three infantry regiments included two airborne and two mountain
one recce. mechanized regiments and one armored regiment
two ranger regiments and one special forces regiment
six artillery regiments and plus three in reserve
one artillery and anti-air group
one artillery and anti-air Regiment
three military police battalions
three ecological battalions
two army aviation companies
six engineer battalions
Plus logistical and instructional support commands
Presidential Guard (Bolivian Colorados Regiment) infantry regiment under direct control of the army headquarters in La Paz's Miraflores district
The Army maintains a small fleet of utility aircraft, primarily to support headquarters.
Equipment
Vehicles
Aircraft
Uniforms
Army officers, NCOs, and enlisted personnel generally wear gray service uniforms. In tropical areas they wear gray-green service uniforms. Army fatigue uniforms are olive green, and combat uniforms consist of US woodland pattern camouflage and desert pattern camouflage. The standard headgear for enlisted personnel is a beret bearing the national colors of red, yellow, and green. Armored troops and paratroopers are distinguished by black berets. Special forces wear distinctive camouflage uniforms with green berets.
See also
List of wars involving Bolivia
References
External links
Official site (Spanish)
Bolivian Army Adopts Cuba's Revolutionary Slogan by BBC News
Military of Bolivia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivian%20Army |
Tell Fekheriye () (often spelled as Tell el-Fakhariya or Tell Fecheriye, among other variants) is an ancient site in the Khabur river basin in al-Hasakah Governorate of northern Syria. It is securely identified as the site of Sikkan, attested since c. 2000 BC. While under an Assyrian governor c. 1000 BC it was called Sikani. Sikkan was part of the Syro-Hittite state of Bit Bahiani in the early 1st millennium BC. In the area, several mounds, called tells, can be found in close proximity: Tell Fekheriye, Ras al-Ayn, and 2.5 kilometers east of Tell Halaf, site of the Aramean and Neo-Assyrian city of Guzana. During the excavation, the Tell Fekheriye bilingual inscription was discovered at the site, which provides the source of information about Hadad-yith'i.
In the early 20th century Tell Fekheriye was suggested as the site of Washukanni, the capital of Mitanni, but the claim is unconfirmed. Many scholars opposed this theory including Michael Roaf, Peter Akkermans, David Oates, Joan Oates and Edward Lipiński. However this identification received a new support by Stefano de Martino due to recent archaeological excavations by a German team led by Mirko Novák and Dominik Bonatz.
History
The site showed signs of occupation in the Neolithic period. The limited excavations so far conducted have shown substantial developments in the Middle Assyrian and Neo-Assyrian periods, with only scattered pottery sherds from the earlier Mitanni periods. The site was also occupied in the Roman-Byzantine period.
Proposed association with Washukanni
The Neo-Assyrian city Sikan at nearby Ra's al-'Ayn was identified by Dietrich Opitz as the capital of Mitanni, Washukanni.
The name Sikan was then believed to be an Assyrianized version of its Hurrian, or Indo-Aryan original, becoming (Wa-)Sikan(-ni). No epigraphic, glyphic or other archaeological evidence supporting this identification has yet emerged from excavations at this or other sites. The identification thus rests on a purely etymologic basis. The etymology is challenged by Edward Lipiński, who points out that Sikan is a Semitic name (meaning stele) already attested for the site circa 2000 BC. A clay tablet sent from Washukanni to Egypt was chemically analyzed and compared with samples from Sikan; the result was "no-match".
Archaeology
The site is around 90 hectares in area, 12 of which are a high mound. Tell Fakhariyah came to the attention of Max von Oppenheim in the early 1900s. In 1929, during his excavations at Tell Halaf, he dispatched Felix Langenegger and Hans Lehmann to the site to do a field survey, resulting in the production of a contour map. In 1940, a team from the Oriental Institute of Chicago and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, led by Calvin W. McEwan, and which included Harold D. Hill, worked for a short period there, conducted several soundings, developed a contour map of the site, and collected various pottery and epigraphic objects. The later included twelve tablets and some fragments. One of the Middle Assyrian tablets, from c. 13th century BC, indicated that the town's name was Dunnu at that time. The areas explored were mainly Middle Assyrian and Neo-Assyrian.
In 1955, Anton Moortgat conducted two soundings at Tell Fakhariyah, dated to the Mitanni empire period. A brief excavation occurred in 2001 by a team of University of Halle-Wittenberg and the Syrian Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums led by A. Pruß. After a survey in 2005, a team from the Free University of Berlin and SAHI - Slovak archeological and historical institute and the Syrian Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums resumed work at Tell Fakhariyah for a month in 2006. Excavations continued in 2007 for a period of 8 weeks. In the 2009 season, 11 Middle Assyrian cuneiform tablets were recovered from a layer early in the post-Mitanni period of the site.
In 2010, 40 texts and text fragments were found in the same context. Preliminary translation shows them to be administrative in nature. Eponyms link some to the 13th century BC reigns of Middle Assyrian rulers Shalmaneser I and Tukulti-Ninurta I. A number of related sealings and a few seals were also found.
See also
Cities of the Ancient Near East
Hadad-yith'i
Mitanni
References
Further reading
R. Zadok, "Remarks on the Inscription of hdyscy from Tall Fakhariya", Tel Aviv, vol. 9, pp. 117–129, 1982
T. Muraoka, "The Tell-Fekherye Bilingual Inscription and Early Aramaic", Abr-Naharain, vol. 22, pp. 79–117, 1983–84
B. Müller-Neuhof, "Anthropomorphic Statuettes from Tell Fakhariyah: Arguments for Their Possible PPNB Origin", Neo-Lithics 1, pp. 37 – 43, 2007
Dominik Bonatz, "Tell Fekheriye in the Late Bronze Age: Archaeological Investigations into the Structures of Political Governance in the Upper Mesopotamian Piedmont", in: Dominik Bonatz (Ed.), The Archaeology of Political Spaces. The Upper Mesopotamian Piedmont in the Second Millennium BC, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp. 61–84, 2014
External links
Digital Images of Tell Fakhariyah tablets at CDLI
Old Aramaic: Bibliography for Tell Fakhariyah
Virtual Museum Syria: Statue Of Hadad-yith'i Bearing Bilingual Inscription
Bronze Age sites in Syria
Former populated places in Syria
Archaeological sites in al-Hasakah Governorate
Fekheriye
Upper Mesopotamia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell%20Fekheriye |
Brighten the Corner is a 1967 studio album by the American jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald, debut album on Capitol Records. The album charted at #172 in the Billboard Hot 200 album charts.
The album was reissued by Capitol Records on CD in 1991 and together, on one CD, with the album "Ella Fitzgerald's Christmas" in 2006.
The album was Ella's first since leaving the Verve label, which had seen her produce her most acclaimed body of work. It marked a sharp change of direction for Fitzgerald, as Brighten the Corner saw Ella sing Christian hymns, reflecting her own spirituality, and eschewing the Great American Songbook standards on which she had previously concentrated.
Track listing
For the 1967 LP on Capitol Records; Capitol ST 2684; ; Re-issued in 1991 on CD, Capitol CDP 7 95151-2
Side One:
"Abide with Me" (Henry Francis Lyte, Arrangers; G. Price, R. Black) - 3.24
"Just a Closer Walk with Thee" (Traditional, Arrangers; G. Price, R. Black) - 5.00
"The Old Rugged Cross" (George Bennard) - 3.50
"Brighten the Corner Where You Are" (Ina D. Ogdon, Charles H. Gabriel ) - 2.33
"I Need Thee Every Hour" (Annie S. Hawks, Robert Lowry) - 3.38
"In the Garden" (C. Austin Miles) - 3.14
"God Be with You Till We Meet Again" (Jeremiah E. Rankin, William G. Tomer) - 1.19
Side Two:
"God Will Take Care of You" (Civilla D. Martin, W. Stillman Martin) - 3.29
"The Church in the Wildwood" (William S. Pitts) - 3.00
"Throw Out the Lifeline" (Edwin Ufford) - 3.12
"I Shall Not Be Moved" (Traditional, Arrangers; G. Price, R. Black) - 2.40
"Let the Lower Lights Be Burning" (Philip P. Bliss) - 2.46
"What a Friend We Have In Jesus" (Joseph M. Scriven, Charles Crozat Converse) - 4.02
"Rock of Ages, Cleft for Me" (Augustus Toplady, Thomas Hastings) - 1.58
Personnel
Ella Fitzgerald - Vocals
Ralph Carmichael Choir - Vocals
John Kraus - engineer
Grace Price, Robert Black - arrangements
References
1967 albums
Capitol Records albums
Ella Fitzgerald albums
Albums produced by Dave Dexter Jr. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brighten%20the%20Corner |
A forum (Latin forum "public place outdoors", plural fora; English plural either fora or forums) was a public square in a Roman municipium, or any civitas, reserved primarily for the vending of goods; i.e., a marketplace, along with the buildings used for shops and the stoas used for open stalls. Many fora were constructed at remote locations along a road by the magistrate responsible for the road, in which case the forum was the only settlement at the site and had its own name, such as Forum Popili or Forum Livi.
The functions of a forum
In addition to its standard function as a marketplace, a forum was a gathering place of great social significance, and often the scene of diverse activities, including political discussions and debates, rendezvous, meetings, et cetera. In that case, it supplemented the function of a conciliabulum.
Every municipality () had a forum. Fora were the first of any civitas synoecized whether Latin, Italic, Etruscan, Greek, Celtic, or other. The first forums were sited between independent villages in the period, known only through archaeology. After the rise of the Roman Republic, the most noted forum of the Roman worldthe Roman Forum in Rome itselfserved as a model of new construction. By the time of the late Republic, expansions refurbishing the forums of the city had inspired Pompey Magnus to create the Theatre of Pompey in 55 BC. His theatre included a massive forum behind the theatre arcades known as the Portico of Pompey (). The structure was the forebear of Julius Caesar's forum and others to follow.
Other major fora are found in Italy. However, they are not to be confused with the piazza of the modern town, which may have originated from a number of different types of ancient civic centers, or more likely was its own type. While similar in use and function to fora, most were created in the Middle Ages and are often not a part of the original city footprint.
Fora were a regular part of every Roman province in the Republic and the Empire, with archaeological examples at:
Forum of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Forum of Philippi, Greece
Forum of Thessaloniki, Greece
Forum of Beirut, Lebanon
Forum and Provincial Forum of Mérida, Spain
Colonial forum and Provincial forum of Tarragona, Spain
In new Roman towns the forum was usually located at, or just off, the intersection of the main north–south and east–west streets (the cardo and decumanus). All fora would have a Temple of Jupiter at the north end, and would also contain other temples, as well as the Basilica; a public weights and measures table, so customers at the market could ensure they were not being sold short measures; and would often have the baths nearby. At election times, candidates would use the steps of the temples in the forum to make their election speeches, and would expect their clients to come to support them.
Typical forum structures
Basilica
Roman baths
Roman temple
Triumphal arch
Victory column
Equivalent spaces in other cultures
Agora
Civic center
Internet forum
Piazza
Plateia
Plaza
Town square
See also
Amphitheatre
Circus (building)
Hippodrome
Roman theatre (structure)
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum
References
External links
Urban studies and planning terminology
Ancient Roman city planning | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum%20%28Roman%29 |
Christy Felling (née Harvey) is director of strategic media and external affairs for Share Our Strength.
From 2003 to 2010, she helped lead strategic communications at the Center for American Progress. She was a regular guest on The Al Franken Show. She also edited a free news website for the Center called Mic Check. She is a former research director at The Wall Street Journal.
Growing up in Dover, Delaware, Harvey attended Caesar Rodney High School, then Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia. She currently resides in Anchorage, Alaska.
References
External links
Biography at the Center for American Progress
Mic Check site
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Center for American Progress people
People from Dover, Delaware
Washington and Lee University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christy%20Harvey |
Urchin (also known as Evil Ways) were an English hard rock band.
Early years
The band was formed in 1972 by childhood friends Dave Murray and Adrian Smith. Along with bassist John Hoye and various drummers, they entered a few local talent competitions and played their first gigs in Hoye's school.
Early in 1974 Murray decided to leave and join a 'proper' band and Smith and Hoye met up with guitarist Maurice Coyne who was a friend of a friend. After a jam session in Hoye's school hall, they decided to form a band and Evil Ways was reborn. A drummer Barry Tyler then joined the band. After gigging around local pubs they decided that they needed a singer/frontman, and recruited Dubliner David Hall.
By this time Evil Ways were playing regularly at most of the well known London venues. In August 1976 they were signed by Nomis/Morgan (owned by Simon Napier-Bell) who changed the band's name to Urchin, and got them a recording contract with DJM Records. Their first single was going to be "Without Love", written by Dave Hall, with "Rocka Rolla" (the Judas Priest song) as the B-side. They were recorded in a studio in Denmark Street, London but were never released. Soon after, Hoye left the band in 1977 and was replaced by Alan Levett (an old school friend of Tyler's).
Line-up changes
"Black Leather Fantasy", was released on 13 May 1977 and is now a very rare collectors item. Hall left the band in July 1977, followed by Coyne in January 1978. Coyne was replaced, briefly, by Dave Murray who had left Iron Maiden after an argument. Murray decided not to stay and after playing on the recording of the band's second single – "She's a Roller" (originally called "I'm a Roller")/ "Long Time No Woman" – he returned to Iron Maiden. Urchin carried on and recruited guitarist Andy Barnett, later a member of Visage and FM, and later keyboard player Richard (Dick) Young. However, the advent of punk rock led to the loss of their recording contract and meant that live work was drying up as their brand of hard rock was no longer fashionable. Eventually the band broke up and in early 1980 Smith and Barnett formed The Broadway Brats with ex members of Blazer Blazer. Later that year Smith was invited to replace guitarist Dennis Stratton in Iron Maiden.
Reunions
On 19 December 1985 Smith organised a reunion of his mates and performed the live recording The Entire Population of Hackney at the Marquee Club in London along with Nicko McBrain. Later in this recording, the rest of his bandmates from Iron Maiden appeared on stage. In 1989, Smith got some of his Urchin bandmates, including Barnett, and some friends together to form his separate project, ASAP (Adrian Smith and Project). They recorded two singles, "Silver and Gold" and "Down the Wire" and one album, Silver and Gold. They did not tour and split after Smith left Iron Maiden in 1990.
In 1992, Smith once again got together some of the ASAP bandmates to form the band The Untouchables, which lasted until 1994 when he decided to rename the band and hire a lead singer. This was called Psycho Motel.
In 2004, High Roller Records released a limited and handnumbered 330 copies on silver vinyl album, Urchin, including four single tracks, one live recording and five unreleased songs. In 2010, High Roller Records released a full-length album called High Roller, first released on a limited number of 1500 copies, 300 black vinyl with white border, 400 white vinyl and 800 black vinyl with a 20 pages booklet, and later in 2011, was released a CD version with a 24 pages booklet and a limited number of 1000 copies.
There are unofficial live albums, recorded on K7 tapes and currently distributed on the internet.
Discography
Singles
"Black Leather Fantasy" (1977)
"Black Leather Fantasy"
"Rock 'n' Roll Woman"
"She's a Roller" (1978)
"Long Time No Woman"
Albums
Urchin (2004)
"She's a Roller"
"Long Time No Woman"
"Black Leather Fantasy"
"Rock & Roll Woman"
"See Me Through" (Live '85 by The Entire Population)
"See Me Through"
"Walking Out on You"
"Somedays"
"Watch Me Walk Away"
"The Latest Show"
"Lifetime"
Urchin – High Roller (2010)
"Keeping It Mellow"
"Life in the City"
"Watch Me Walk Away"
"Countdown"
"Lifetime"
"The Late Show"
"My Lady"
"Animals"
Urchin – Get Up and Get Out (2012)
"Madman"
"Need Somebody"
"Get Up and Get Out"
"Little Girl"
"Countdown" (Alternate Version)
"Lifetime"
"Don't Ask Me"
"Suicide"
Unofficial live albums
Urchin – Live in Oxford 1980 (This is NOT the last Urchin show as some like to think!)
"Life in the City"
"Countdown"
"Walking Out on You"
"Little Girl"
"Steal My Heart"
"The User"
"Ain't Got No Money"
"30 Days in the Hole"
"Music"
"Somebody Like You"
"Rocky Mountain way"
"Lifetime"
"Animals"
"Statesboro Blues"
"Watch Me Walk Away"
"See Me Through"
Urchin Radio 1 BBC Session 1979 – (wrongly titled: BBC Friday Rock Show (1977))
"See Me Through"
"Walking Out on You"
"Some Days (I Only Want to Rock'n Roll)"
"Watch Me Walk Away"
"The Latest Show"
"Lifetime"
Members
Last known line-up
Adrian Smith – guitar (1974–1980), vocals (1977–1980)
Andy Barnett – guitar (1978–1980)
Richard Young – keyboards (1979–1980)
Alan Levett – bass guitar (1976–1980)
Barry Tyler – drums (1974–1980)
Former members
Maurice Coyne – guitar (1974–1978)
David Hall – vocals (1975–1977)
John Hoye – bass (1974–1976)
Dave Murray – guitar (1977–1978)
See also
List of new wave of British heavy metal bands
References
English heavy metal musical groups
English hard rock musical groups
New Wave of British Heavy Metal musical groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urchin%20%28band%29 |
Levopropoxyphene is an antitussive. It is an optical isomer of dextropropoxyphene. The racemic mixture is called propoxyphene. Only the dextro-isomer (dextropropoxyphene) has an analgesic effect; the levo-isomer appears to exert only an antitussive effect. It was formerly marketed in the U.S. by Eli Lilly under the tradename Novrad (a reversal of Darvon) as an antitussive. Unlike many antitussives, it binds poorly to the sigma-1 receptor.
Synthesis
Mannich reaction of propiophenone with formaldehyde and dimethylamine affords the corresponding aminoketone.
Reaction of the ketone with benzylmagnesium bromide gives the amino alcohol. It is of note that this intermediate fails to show analgesic activity in animal assays.
Esterification of the alcohol by means of propionic anhydride affords the propionate.
Chirality
The presence of two chiral centers in this molecule means that the compound can exist as any of four isomers. The biologic activity has been found to be associated with the α-isomer. Resolution of that isomer into its optical antipodes showed the d isomer to be the active analgesic; this is now denoted as propoxyphene. The l isomer is almost devoid of analgesic activity; the compound does, however,
show useful antitussive activity and is named levopropoxyphene.
References
Synthetic opioids
Antitussives
Propionate esters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levopropoxyphene |
Mujatria (Kharosthi: , ), previously read Hajatria (ruled circa 10 CE, or 40-50 CE according to more recent research based on numismatics), is the name of an Indo-Scythian ruler, the son of Kharahostes as mentioned on his coins.
The archaeologists had discovered coins issued by a "son of Kharahostes," but the actual name of the person had been missing on these coins. The name of the ruler on the coins has finally been read as "Mujatria". His father Kharahostes is known through epigraphical evidence from inscribed reliquaries to have already been a king when the Indravarman Silver Reliquary was dedicated, which is itself positioned with certainty before the 5-6 CE Bajaur casket. Therefore the rule of Kharahostes is usually estimated to 10 BCE- 10CE, which suggests Mujatria would have ruled circa 10 CE- 30 CE.
According to Sten Konow's study of the Mathura lion capital, this person may have been Hayuara, who was the brother-in-law of Rajuvula. He ruled from around 10 CE as a satrap of the Mathura area. He is only known through his coins.
According to Joe Cribb however, the actual Mujiatria was located in the region of Jalalabad in eastern Afghanistan and lived in the later part of the 1st century CE.
A recent study (2015) by Joe Cribb suggests that the round debased silver coins with three-pellet symbols in the name of Azes, usually attributed to his father Kharahostes, should actually be attributed to Mujatria. The Bimaran casket may therefore have been dedicated during the reign of Mujatria.
Overstrikes of the Kushan ruler Wima Takto on Mujatria coins are known. This, together with various hoard finds, suggests the contemporaneity of Mujatria with the Kushan ruler Kujula Kadphises, predecessor of Wima Takto, and the Indo-Scythian ruler Sasan.
References
See also
Yuezhi
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
Indo-Greek Kingdom
Indo-Parthian Kingdom
Kushan Empire
Indo-Scythian kings
1st-century monarchs in Asia
1st-century Iranian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujatria |
Strange Bird is the second studio album by the Australian indie rock band Augie March. It was first released on 14 October 2002 in Australia by BMG and was re-released in the United States on 14 September 2004 by spinART.
Strange Bird followed from the success of the band's moderately successful first album, Sunset Studies, which was voted as one of the best albums of 2000 by listeners of national Australian radio network Triple J. Strange Bird was quite a departure for the band, replacing the often mellow melodies of the first album with a more expansive, direct sound.
Background
Augie March formed in 1996, when four TAFE and university students formed a band led by English student Glenn Richards. They released two EPs; Thanks for the Memes and Waltz. Waltz received some industry recognition through nominations at the 2000 ARIA Music Awards, but neither EP was a mainstream success. Nonetheless Augie March were offered a contract with BMG. In 2000, Rob Dawson joined the band as a pianist, and the band recorded their debut album, Sunset Studies. The album was lauded by critics and ARIA but not by the general public. In January 2001, as the band were looking to work on a follow-up, Dawson was killed in a car crash. Keyboardist Kiernan Box was brought in to replace him.
Recording and production
Strange Bird was written in an abandoned telephone company building in Preston, a suburb of Melbourne. Unlike Sunset Studies, which was produced by Paul McKercher and Richard Pleasance, Augie March chose to produce Strange Bird independently; drummer Dave Williams explained to Beat that the band was so comfortable working together in the studio that they felt confident producing the album themselves. Recording sessions took place at Melbourne's Sing Sing Studios and Sydney's Megaphon and Big Jesusburger studios. Two tracks—"O Mi Sol Li Lon" and "Sunstroke House"—appeared on the album in their demo form.
Music and lyrics
Richards began writing songs for Strange Bird shortly after Dawson's death, and the event was heavy on his mind throughout the writing process. Richards argued the album was optimistic despite being often described as miserable, pointing to the humorous treatment of the subject of death in numerous songs on the album. Pitchfork Media's Joe Tangari suggested the listener place the lines "Onward and on to the ends of love/ Pricked vanity, habit and ruse/ Onward and on to a premature silence/ Where death finds too much use" from "This Train Will Be Taking No Passengers" in the context of Dawson's recent death to obtain a greater understanding of their meaning.
"The Vineyard", the first single from Strange Bird, was released on 16 September 2002. The song features Box' piano throughout and was described by BMG Australia as a "slice of delicious pop". The song received a common response to Augie March songs, with Impresss Jayson Argall writing that if he "was at pains to try and define the song or decipher its meaning, then maybe [his] attention would be better directed elsewhere". Guitarist Adam Donovan felt similarly, but with the consolation that "I've got a long time to live with it... I'm going to let it unravel as I listen to it more and more".
The titular "Strange Bird" is mentioned directly in both "the Keepa" and "This Train Will Be Taking No Passengers", and many other songs feature bird imagery in their lyrics.
Reception
The album was acclaimed upon release by critics. Triple J listeners voted "This Train Will Be Taking No Passengers" to number #66 in the 2002 Triple J Hottest 100 poll.
Track listing
All tracks written by Glenn Richards.
"The Vineyard" – 5:01
"This Train Will Be Taking No Passengers" – 4:30
"Little Wonder" – 4:03
"The Night Is a Blackbird" – 5:22
"O Mi Sol Li Lon" – 1:21
"Song in the Key of Chance" – 4:53
"Up the Hill and Down" – 0:22
"There's Something at the Bottom of the Black Pool" – 4:19
"Addle Brains" – 5:29
"The Keepa" – 5:40
"The Drowning Dream" – 4:37
"Sunstroke House" – 5:17
"Brundisium" – 6:48
"O Song" – 4:26
Charts
Personnel
Augie March
Adam Donovan
David Williams
Edmondo Ammendola
Glenn Richards
Kiernan Box
Additional musicians
Matthew Habben – saxophone on tracks 8 and 14, clarinet on 13
Ken Gardner – trumpet on 3, 8 and 14
Adam Hutterer – trombone on 8
Naomi Evans – violin on 6 and 13
References
2002 albums
Augie March albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange%20Bird |
The following lists events that happened during 1892 in Australia.
Incumbents
Premiers
Premier of New South Wales – George Dibbs
Premier of South Australia – Thomas Playford II (until 21 June), Frederick Holder (until 15 October), then John Downer
Premier of Queensland – Samuel Griffith
Premier of Tasmania – Philip Fysh (until 17 August) then Henry Dobson
Premier of Western Australia – John Forrest
Premier of Victoria – James Munro (until 16 February), then William Shiels
Governors
Governor of New South Wales – Victor Child Villiers, 7th Earl of Jersey
Governor of Queensland – Henry Wylie Norman
Governor of South Australia – Algernon Keith-Falconer, 9th Earl of Kintore
Governor of Tasmania – Robert Hamilton until 30 November, vacant thereafter
Governor of Victoria – John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow
Governor of Western Australia – William C. F. Robinson
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Events
20 April – Victoria holds a general election.
23 May – Frederick Deeming hanged at Melbourne Gaol having been unsuccessfully defended by the lawyer Alfred Deakin. Deeming was accused of committing a series of crimes on three continents – theft, perjury, fraud, bigamy and murder; he used at least 20 aliases.
10 October – Jackie Howe shears a total of 321 sheep in 7 hours and 40 minutes at Blackall, Queensland, a record for hand shears that still stands.
1 January – Physical Culture (Physie) started in Australia.
Arts and literature
Sport
5 October – the Australian Cricket Council announces an intercolonial cricket competition to be known as the Sheffield Shield.
Glenloth wins the Melbourne Cup
Collingwood Football Club was founded
Births
13 April – Gladys Moncrieff (died 1976), singer
20 April – Grace Cossington Smith, (died 1984), artist
6 July – John Simpson Kirkpatrick (died 1915), World War I ANZAC known as "the man with the donkey"
7 August – Sir Arthur Coles (died 1982), businessman and philanthropist
24 November – Sir Daniel McVey (died 1972), public servant
8 December – Bert Hinkler (died 1933), aviator
Deaths
10 May – Barcroft Boake (born 1866), poet
7 November – John Morphett (born 1809), explorer, settler and politician
References
Years of the 19th century in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1892%20in%20Australia |
Daimús (, ) is a small municipality in the Safor comarca (county), in the Valencian Community close to the Mediterranean Sea in Spain. It has a population of about 2,200 inhabitants in winter and around 20,000 in summer.
Structure
The municipality is divided into three parts:
el Poble (the village): the most ancient part. It is mainly composed of three-floor houses and a church.
els Pedregals (the stony): a group of bungalows near a small church 1 km from the main village.
la Platja (the beach): a group of buildings only used in summer holidays by tourists, mainly from Madrid. It is 1.5 kilometer from the village.
History
Daimús is a small municipality near the town of Gandia, the most important in the area. Daimús was probably founded in the 13th century, after the Reconquista. The historical importance of Gandia, particularly during the Renaissance made the rest of the small towns around it live under its shadow. As a result, Daimús' history is not well known even by its inhabitants.
The beach was unpopulated until the 1960s, when the many French tourists took advantage of the exchange rate and bought apartments by the sea. Some examples are the La Torre, Galia and Costa Blanca apartment buildings. In the late 1960s, the Spanish economy flourished (partly due to European tourism) and many Spaniards could afford a second house for the summer season. Thus, more apartment buildings appeared, such as Semiramis, Trianon, Costa Blanca II, Nayade, Finamar I, Finamar II and Pinocho.
Once it was called a family beach because it had no hotels, and because it was small. It used to have a summer cinema called Terraza Daison. In the 1970s, it had one of the earliest Pacha discothèques, since closed. In the late 1990s, Daimús started growing and doubled its size in about 6 years.
Economy
For many centuries Daimús was a rural area with crops of vegetables and oranges. Later it became a tourist area due to its proximity of the sea and the fields became new buildings. Most of the population now work in the nearby cities of Oliva and Gandia.
References
External links
Webpage - Daimús Página Web de Daimús
Daimús Community Manager
Municipalities in the Province of Valencia
Safor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daim%C3%BAs |
This is a list of national parks in Korea.
National Parks
Republic of Korea (South)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North)
Baekdu-san (Paektusan)
Ch'ilposan
Lake Bujon National Park
Myohyang-san
Geumgang-san (Kǔmgangsan / the Diamond Mountains)
Guwol-san (Kuwǒlsan)
External links
National Parks of the Republic of Korea
Korea
National parks
Environment of Korea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20national%20parks%20of%20Korea |
Coventry Godiva Harriers (CGH) is an athletics club based in Coventry, West Midlands, England and was established in 1879. The club name refers to the notable Lady Godiva of Coventry and the sport of "hare and hounds" cross country running.
Competitions
The club currently competes in various league competitions, ranging from the senior age group down to under 11s. These leagues and the club's most recent 2018/19 performance are listed below:
Notable athletes
The club has produced many athletes who have competed at an international level, including the Olympics and Commonwealth Games. The list below shows some of the most recognised athletes along with their event and performance whilst competing at the highest level.
More recently the club has had several athletes compete in World Masters Athletics competitions, notable sprinters Brian Darby and Stewart Marshall have both won World Relay Titles representing GB as Masters athletes, at the recent World Masters Athletics Championships.
References
External links
Coventry Godiva Harriers
Sport in Coventry
Sports clubs and teams established in 1879
Athletics clubs in England
1879 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coventry%20Godiva%20Harriers |
East Peckham is a village and civil parish in Kent, England on the River Medway. The parish covers the main village as well as Hale Street and Beltring.
History
The Domesday entry for East and West Peckham reads:-
The Archbishop himself holds Pecheham, In the time of King Edward the Confessor it was taxed at six sulungs, and now six sulungs and one yoke. The arable land is ten carucates. In demesne there are two, and sixteen villeins, with fourteen borderers, having four carucates and a half. There is a church, and ten servants, and one mill, and six acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of six hogs.
Of the land of this manor, one of the archbishop's tenants holds half a sulung, and was taxed with these six sulungs in the time of King Edward the Confessor, although it could not belong to the manor, except in the scotting, because it was free land.
Richard de Tonebridge holds of the same favour two sulungs and one yoke, and has there twenty-seven villeins, having seven carucates, and wood for the pannage of ten hogs. The whole value being four pounds. In the time of King Edward the Confessor, the manor was worth twelve pounds, when the Archbishop received it eight pounds, and now what he has is worth eight pounds.
Part of the manor of East Farleigh lay within what is now East Peckham.
Ralph Fitz Turold holds of the bishop (of Baieux) half a sulung in Estockingeberge. In the time of King Edward the Confessor, two Freemen held it, and then like now, and it is valued at twenty shillings.
There is a persistent myth that the village was originally around the far northern border with Mereworth. Sheet 80 of the First Edition One-Inch Ordnance Survey map published on 1 January 1819 shows the village as being two miles north east as St Michael's church stands on high ground there, now cared for by the Churches Conservation Trust and open daily. In the mid-nineteenth century the new parish church of the Holy Trinity was built in what had for centuries been, and likely since the first multi-family settlement arose, the parish population centre. The architects were Whichcord and Walker of Maidstone, and the foundation stone was laid on 24 October 1840.
The River Bourne joins the Medway in the south of the parish and powered a watermill, Little Mill. Another watermill on the River Medway stood at Branbridges. Large, populated parts used to flood with unusual frequency among parishes along the Medway. The East Peckham Flood Relief partnership was formed in 2003. A dam since 2005 exists on the Coult Stream at Bullen Farm. It is long and high and has the capacity to hold of floodwater. The scheme cost just over £1 million.
In 2012, a local amateur theatre group, The Russett Players, was formed in the village.
Settlement and amenities
East Peckham developed from nine hamlets (Roydon, Hale Street, Beltring, Little Mill, The Pound, Snoll Hatch, The Bush, Goose Green and
Chidley Cross). These straddle the River Medway. It was economically focussed on hop growing and other agriculture, in which sector plant growing remains economically important, including two garden centres. Beltring includes The Hop Farm Country Park, including outdoor cinema, escape room and two restaurants and the world's largest collection of Oast Houses.
Hale Street is another residential area to the east of the main village.
Pound Road has most of the village's amenities including the primary school, Co-op convenience store, local shops and the now closed Merry Boys pub.
Brookside Garden Centre is located in the village, and was opened in 1968.
Transport
East Peckham is bypassed by the A228 road which is the closest major road to the village.
The village is served by the Arriva Southern Counties routes 6 and 6A which provide connections to Tunbridge Wells and Maidstone as well as the Go-Coach route 208 to Tonbridge.
Beltring railway station on the Medway Valley Line is the closest rail station to East Peckham and is served by hourly Southeastern train services to , Maidstone and .
Notable people
On 28 January 1896 Walter Arnold, of the Arnold (automobile) company of East Peckham, was summonsed for travelling at in a motorised vehicle, thereby exceeding the contemporary speed limit for towns of . He had been caught by a policeman who had given chase on a bicycle. He was fined 1 shilling plus costs, the first speeding fine in England, and thus became the first person to be convicted of speeding in the UK.
James Pimm (1798–1866) was a British food proprietor who created the gin-based liqueur known as Pimm's. Pimm died on 16 August 1866 at the family home in East Peckham. He is buried at Holy Trinity Church, East Peckham, Kent, England.
Twinning
East Peckham is twinned with Chéreng, Nord, France.
References
External links
East Peckham Parish Council
Borough Council Website
East Peckham Flood Relief Partnership
Holy Trinity Church Website
St Michaels Church
East Peckham Rugby Football Club
The Russett Players – Official website for East Peckham's amateur dramatic society
Civil parishes in Kent
Villages in Kent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Peckham |
Cain XVIII () is a 1963 film from the Soviet Union, adapted from Evgeny Shvarts' play, Two friends. The Soviet film industry reported that 21.7 million spectators saw the film.
Plot
A famous inventor ("The Professor") creates an extra-powerful weapon—an explosive mosquito. King Cain XVIII dreams of conquering the world and marrying the princess, but she is also loved by Yan, a vagrant musician. Yan's love leads him to surmount many obstacles and simultaneously thwart the insidious plans of the king.
Cast
Erast Garin as King Cain XVIII
Lidiya Sukharevskaya as Queen Vlasta
Mikhail Zharov as Minister of War
Yuri Lyubimov as First Minister
Alexander Demyanenko as Ian
Stanislav Khitrov as Jean
Rina Zelyonaya as Foreign Governess
Alexandr Beniaminov as Professor
Bruno Freindlich as Chief of Secret Police
Georgi Vitsin as Freelance Hangman
Boris Chirkov as Lavatory Worker
Igor Dmitriev as General
Glikeriya Bogdanova-Chesnokova as First Dame
Marina Polbentseva as Professor's Wife
Nikolay Trofimov as Agent 214
Anatoly Korolkevich as Agent with a carnation
External links
In ru.wikiquote
Yuri Lyubimov about film
1963 films
1963 comedy films
1960s Russian-language films
Lenfilm films
Films based on works by Evgeny Shvarts
Soviet comedy films
Russian comedy films
Films directed by Nadezhda Kosheverova
Films based on fairy tales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cain%20XVIII |
T/TCP (Transactional Transmission Control Protocol) was a variant of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
It was an experimental TCP extension for efficient transaction-oriented (request/response) service.
It was developed to fill the gap between TCP and UDP, by Bob Braden in 1994.
Its definition can be found in RFC 1644 (that obsoletes RFC 1379). It is faster than TCP and delivery reliability is comparable to that of TCP.
T/TCP suffers from several major security problems as described by Charles Hannum in September 1996. It has not gained widespread popularity.
RFC 1379 and RFC 1644 that define T/TCP were moved to Historic Status in May 2011 by RFC 6247 for security reasons.
Alternatives
TCP Fast Open is a more recent alternative.
See also
TCP Cookie Transactions
Further reading
Richard Stevens, Gary Wright, "TCP/IP Illustrated: TCP for transactions, HTTP, NNTP, and the UNIX domain protocols" (Volume 3 of TCP/IP Illustrated) // Addison-Wesley, 1996 (), 2000 (). Part 1 "TCP for Transactions". Chapters 1-12, pages 1–159
References
External links
Example exploit of T/TCP in a post to Bugtraq by Vasim Valejev
TCP extensions
Internet Standards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T/TCP |
Hürriyet (, Liberty) is one of the major Turkish newspapers, founded in 1948. it had the highest circulation of any newspaper in Turkey at around 319,000. Hürriyet has a mainstream, liberal and conservative outlook. Hürriyet combines entertainment with news coverage.
Hürriyet has regional offices in Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, Antalya and Trabzon, as well as a news network comprising 52 offices and 600 reporters in Turkey and abroad, all affiliated with Doğan News Agency, which primarily serves newspapers and television channels that were previously under the management of Doğan Media Group (Doğan Yayın Holding). Hürriyet is printed in six cities in Turkey and in Frankfurt, Germany. , according to Alexa, its website was the tenth most visited in Turkey, the second most visited of a newspaper and the fourth most visited news website. On 21 March 2018, Doğan Yayın Holding, the parent company of Hürriyet, was sold to Demirören Holding for approximately $1.2 billion. The Demirören Group is known for its pro-government stance.
History
Hürriyet was founded by Sedat Simavi on 1 May 1948 with a staff of 48. Selling 50,000 in its first week, Hürriyet was Simavi's 59th and last publication. On 13 January 1965 the paper was confiscated by the Turkish authorities shortly after the publication of the letter of the US President Lyndon B. Johnson to İsmet İnönü. In the letter Johnson overtly stated that Turkey should not organize any military intervention to Cyprus.
It is considered a high-circulation newspaper in Turkey.
In 2018, Hurriyet was bought by Demirören Holding, owned by the Demirören family who are considered to be close to President Erdoğan.
Tax fine controversy
In February 2009, the newspaper received an 826.2 million TL (US$523 million) fine for tax evasion by Doğan Group/Petrol Ofisi. Following this, the Istanbul Stock Exchange suspended Doğan Holding's shares, and Fitch downgraded Hürriyet to 'BB−'.
Executives at the Doğan Group expressed the opinion that the tax fine was politically motivated "intimidation", caused by Hürriyet linking of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his political party, AKP, to a charity scandal in Germany. In March 2009, Jose Manuel Barroso, president of the European Commission, expressed public concern about the fine, saying that it threatened "pluralism and freedom of the press."
In September 2009, Doğan Group was fined a record US$2.5 billion, related to alleged past tax irregularities.
The September fine caused further expressions of public concern from the European Commission, as well as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. It also caused some critics and global investors to compare the fines to then-Russian President Vladimir Putin's use of tax-evasion charges to bankrupt oil company Yukos for allegedly political reasons. In an interview, Erdoğan denied this charge, calling it "very ugly" and "disrespectful" to both himself and Putin.
Notable people
Ahmet Altan
Fatih Altaylı
Feyza Algan
Yalçın Bayer
Burak Bekdil
Orhan Boran
Ege Cansen
Bekir Coşkun
Emin Çölaşan
Cengiz Çandar
Latif Demirci
Yalçın Doğan
Bülent Düzgit
Oktay Ekşi
Çetin Emeç
Ahmet Hakan
Doğan Hızlan
Özdemir İnce
Halit Kıvanç
Emre Kızılkaya
Şükrü Kızılot
Ercan Kumcu
Gary S. Lachman
Çetin Özek
Ertuğrul Özkök
Güzin Sayar
Erman Şener
Tufan Türenç
Doğan Uluç
Cüneyt Ülsever
Didem Ünsal
Sinem Vural
Golden Butterfly Awards
Hürriyet, along with Pantene, sponsors the annual Golden Butterfly Awards, in which its readers vote for nominees in the fields of Turkish television and music.
References
External links
Hürriyet USA
Hürriyet Corporate
Hürriyet news
1948 establishments in Turkey
Bağcılar
Doğan Media Group
Newspapers published in Istanbul
Newspapers established in 1948
Turkish-language newspapers
Daily newspapers published in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCrriyet |
The S&P/ASX 200 index is a market-capitalization weighted and float-adjusted stock market index of stocks listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. The index is maintained by Standard & Poor's and is considered the benchmark for Australian equity performance. It is based on the 200 largest ASX listed stocks, which together account for about 82% (as of March 2017) of Australia's share market capitalization.
The ASX 200 was started on 31 March 2000 with a value of 3133.3, equal to the value of the All Ordinaries at that date. The ASX 200 reached 6,000 points for the first time on Thursday 15 February 2007. On 22 December 2017, the ASX 200 was 6,069. The ASX 200 crossed the 7,000 points level for the first time on 16 January 2020.
Bloomberg, CNBC, Yahoo! Finance and Wikinvest use respectively the symbols AS51 and AXJO to refer to this index.
The ASX 200 webpage offers a Share market game as an educational tool with $50,000.00 AUD virtual cash.
Calculations
The ASX 200 is capitalization-weighted, meaning a company's contribution to the index is relative to its total market value i.e., share price multiplied by the number of tradeable shares. The ASX 200 is also float adjusted, meaning the absolute numerical contribution to the index is relative to the stock's value at the float of the stock.
Although the calculation starts with a sum of the market capitalization of the constituent stocks, it is intended to reflect changes in share price, not market capitalization. Therefore, a fudge factor called the "Divisor" is used to ensure that the index value only changes when stock prices change, not whenever market capitalization changes. For example, if a company increases its market capitalization by issuing new shares, the Divisor is adjusted so that the ASX 200 index value does not change.
Contract Specifications
The ASX 200 (ticker symbol AP) is traded on the ASX 24 exchange (SFE) with a contract size of 25 x S&P/ASX Index Points.
Eligibility
To be eligible for inclusion in the ASX 200 Index:
Market capitalization: A stock's weight in the index is determined by the float-adjusted market capitalization of the stock. This is a function of current index shares, the latest available stock price and the Investable weight factor (IWF). The IWF represents the float-adjusted portion of a stock's equity capital. Therefore, any strategic holdings that are classified as either corporate, private or government holdings reduce the IWF which, in turn, results in a reduction in the float-adjusted market capital. Shares owned by founders, directors of the company, trusts, venture capitalists and other companies are also excluded. These are also deemed strategic holders and are considered long-term holders of a stock's equity. Any strategic shareholdings that are greater than 5% of total issued shares are excluded from the relevant float.
Liquidity: The trading volume in terms of dollar value and the number of transactions must exceed at least 0.025% of the sum of all eligible securities' trading volume. To ensure that no single company dominates trading, they are capped at a maximum of 15% for value, volume and transactions.
Listing: Only stocks listed on the Australian Stock Exchange will be considered for inclusion in any of the S&P/ASX indices.
Constituent companies
The number of companies in the index is dynamic and does not always amount to exactly 200. On average, the index is rebalanced every quarter by Standard & Poor's.
, the constituent stocks of the ASX 200 in alphabetical order by symbol are
See also
List of Australian exchange-traded funds listed on ASX
S&P/ASX 20
S&P/ASX 50
S&P/ASX 300
All Ordinaries
References
External links
S&P/ASX 200 page at Standard & Poor's
S&P/ASX 200 Index profile at Wikinvest
S&P/ASX 200 Index Price & Chart
Australian stock market indices
A200
Australian Securities Exchange | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%26P/ASX%20200 |
Jeffrey Philip Fiorentino (born April 14, 1983) is an American former Major League Baseball outfielder who played for the Baltimore Orioles and Oakland Athletics between 2005 and 2009. He was nicknamed Screech due to his resemblance to the character of the same name from the television sitcom Saved by the Bell.
Playing career
Amateur
A native of Pembroke Pines, Florida, Fiorentino attended Nova High School and Florida Atlantic University, where he played baseball for the Owls under head coach Kevin Cooney. In 2003, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Cotuit Kettleers of the Cape Cod Baseball League.
Baltimore Orioles
During the season, he played several games for the Baltimore Orioles after being called up from the Single-A Frederick Keys. He was then sent back down after nearly two weeks of action at the major league level. In and , he played for the Double-A Bowie Baysox.
Cincinnati Reds
The Orioles designated Fiorentino for assignment on January 2, , and on January 4 he was claimed by the Cincinnati Reds.
Oakland Athletics
On January 25, he was claimed off waivers by the Oakland Athletics.
Second stint with Orioles
After being designated for assignment on May 30, he was claimed off waivers by his original team, the Orioles, on June 5.
Hiroshima Toyo Carp
On January 31, 2010, Fiorentino signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles. He was released to sign with the Hiroshima Toyo Carp of Nippon Professional Baseball.
Atlanta Braves
Fiorentino was traded to the Atlanta Braves on May 4, 2011, in return for cash. He joined the Double-A Mississippi Braves.
Oakland Athletics
On November 19, 2011, he signed a minor league contract with the Oakland Athletics. He was released on June 2, 2012.
York Revolution
On July 13, 2012, Fiorentino signed with the York Revolution of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He was released on June 16, 2013.
Coaching career
Florida Atlantic University
Fiorentino joined the staff of his alma mater in the summer of 2014. He worked primarily with the outfielders, hitters, and base runners. During his one year on staff, FAU made it to the championship game of the Gainesville Regional where they were defeated by the Florida Gators.
Chipola College
Fiorentino joined the Chipola College coaching staff in the summer of 2015. He currently works primarily with the infielders, catchers, hitters and base runners. Fiorentino helped guide the Indians to back-to-back Junior College World Series championship titles in 2017 and 2018. Also during his tenure, Chipola was the first team from Region XIII since the 1960s to participate in the Junior College World Series three consecutive years by winning the state tournament from 2017 through 2019. There have been 20 players selected in the Major League Baseball Amateur Draft during his first four years on staff at Chipola.
References
External links
RLPA
1983 births
Living people
Baltimore Orioles players
Oakland Athletics players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Baseball players from Florida
Florida Atlantic Owls baseball players
Cotuit Kettleers players
Aberdeen IronBirds players
Delmarva Shorebirds players
Frederick Keys players
Bowie Baysox players
Norfolk Tides players
Sacramento River Cats players
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
Hiroshima Toyo Carp players
Mississippi Braves players
Gwinnett Braves players
York Revolution players
People from Pembroke Pines, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Fiorentino |
Goiandira is a municipality in the southeastern portion of the Brazilian state of Goiás. The population was 5,625 (2020) in a total area of 560.7 km2.
Geography
Goiandira is in the statistical micro-region of Catalão. It is located 288 km. from the state capital, Goiânia and is connected by BR-153 / Aparecida de Goiânia / GO-217 / Caldas Novas / GO-139 / Corumbaíba / GO-210 / Nova Aurora.
It has boundaries with the municipalities of Catalão, Cumari, Nova Aurora and Ipameri.
The climate is tropical, with an average annual temperature of 25 °C. The rainy season is from October to May and the dry season extends from May to September. Annual rainfall is approximately 1,400 mm.
History
European settlement began in 1800 when Tomás Garcia, from Minas Gerais, took possession of a vast area of land called Campo Limpo. He sold half of the land to Jerônimo de Teixeira. At the beginning of the twentieth century the railroad arrived and a town grew around the station. Campo Limpo became a district of Catalão in 1913, later separating to become a municipality in 1931 and changing the name to Goiandira, after the name of the railroad station.
Political data
Eligible voters: 4,041 (12/2007)
Mayor: Odemir Moreira de Melo (January 2005)
Vice-mayor: Marcos Moreira Teixeira
Councilmembers: 09
Demographics
Population density: 8.78 inhabitants/km2 (2007)
Population growth rate 2000/2007: -0.12.%
Urban population in 2007: 4,252
Rural population in 2007: 673
Economy
The economy is based on cattle raising for meat and milk, in addition to agriculture—mainly corn and soybeans. There were approximately 44,800 head of cattle in the region in 2006 and 31,000 head of poultry. There were no agricultural products with more than 1,000 hectares planted in 2006. The main ones were rice, bananas, sugarcane, beans, manioc, corn, and soybeans.
Industrial establishments: 12 (06/2007)
Retail establishments: 51 (08/2007)
Dairies: Laticínios Terra Branca Ind. e Com. Ltda. (22/05/2006)
Banking institutions: Banco do Brasil S.A. (08/2007)
Agricultural data 2006
Farms: 31
Total area: 36,954 ha.
Area of permanent crops: 52 ha.
Area of perennial crops: 2,003 ha.
Area of natural pasture: 24,996 ha.
Area of woodland and forests: 8,282 ha.
Persons dependent on farming: 760
Number of farms with tractors: 45
Number of tractors: 61
Cattle herd: 44,800
Education and health
Literacy rate: 89.7%
Infant mortality rate: 24.59 in 1,000 live births
Schools: 05 (2006)
Students: 1,343
Hospitals: 01 (2007)
Hospital beds: 34
Walk-in public health clinics: 03
Ranking on the Municipal Human Development Index
MHDI: 0.765
State ranking: 48 (out of 242 municipalities)
National ranking: 1,463 (out of 5,507 municipalities in 2000)
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
Catalão Microregion
Microregions of Goiás
References
Frigoletto
Municipalities in Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goiandira |
Human rights in Sri Lanka provides for fundamental rights in the country. The Sri Lanka Constitution states that every person is entitled to freedom of thought, conscience and religion, including the freedom to have or to adopt a religion or belief of his choice. And, that every person is equal before the law.
Several human rights groups, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, as well as the British government, the United States Department of State and the European Union, have expressed concern about the state of human rights in Sri Lanka. The government of Sri Lanka and the separatist Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) as well as various other paramilitaries and marxist Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) rebels are accused of violating human rights. Although Sri Lanka has not officially practiced the death penalty since 1976, there are well-documented cases of state-sponsored 'disappearances' and murders.
Background
Sri Lanka was embroiled in two JVP insurrections and a civil war for more than two decades. The repression of the second JVP revolution in the Southern Sri Lanka by government forces and paramilitaries has led to many human rights violations. Up to 60,000 people, mostly Sinhalese, including many students died as a result of this insurgency led by the factions of the Marxist JVP.
In July 1983, the darkest anti-minority pogrom in Sri Lankan history, known as the Black July riots, erupted. The riots began as a response to a deadly ambush by the LTTE (Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam), one of the many Tamil militant groups of that time, on Sri Lankan Army soldiers, which lead to deaths of 13 soldiers. Government appointed commission's estimates put the death toll at nearly 1,000. Mostly minority Sri Lankan Tamils died or 'disappeared' during these riots. At least 150,000 Tamils fled the island. The Black July is generally seen as the start of a full-scale Sri Lankan Civil War between the Tamil militants and the government of Sri Lanka.
JVP insurrections
In 1971, an unsuccessful armed revolt was conducted by the communist Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) against the Government of Ceylon under Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike. The revolt began on 5 April 1971 and lasted till June 1971. The insurgents were able to capture and hold several towns and rural areas for several weeks until they were recaptured by the armed forces. An estimated 8,000–10,000 people, mostly young rebels died during this insurrection.
The 1987–89 JVP insurrection (also known as the 1989 Revolt) was the second unsuccessful armed revolt conducted by the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna against the Government of Sri Lanka under President J. R. Jayewardene. Unlike the first unsuccessful JVP insurrection of 1971, the second insurrection was not an open revolt but appeared to be a low intensity conflict that lasted from 1987 to 1989 with the JVP resorting to subversion, assassinations, raids and attacks on military and civilian targets. Both the government and its paramilitaries as well as the rebels of JVP were accused of major HR violations during this period. JVP members are accused of killing its political rivals and civilians who disobeyed their orders by beheading and shooting during these insurrections. Charred dead bodies of suspected JVP members burnt using tyre pyres were a common sight in Sri Lanka during this period. An estimated 60,000 people mostly suspected JVP members were killed during this insurrection.
Sri Lankan Civil War
Government
1980s
On April 19, 1986, Ramanujam Manikkalingam, an MIT physics graduate, was arrested by government security forces in his native country of Sri Lanka under the provisions of the Prevention of Terrorism Act. Family and friends said that he was arrested while walking home from the local post office and that he was tortured in custody.
1990s
The Eastern province of Sri Lanka was taken over by Sri Lankan Forces after heavy fighting in 1990. Even after government forces moved in the early 1990 large number of disappearances and extrajudicial execution were continued. By October 1990, 3,000 people were estimated to have been killed or to have disappeared in the Ampara district. Further Many of the disappeared people were believed to have been killed as a result of extrajudicial execution. Likewise in Batticaloa another 1,500 people were reported to have disappeared. However, the true perpetrators of the disappearances are yet to be determined, with the Sri Lankan government and the rebels both accusing each other.
2000s
The European Union also condemned Sri Lankan security forces in the year 2000 concerning human rights, after fighting displaced 12,000 civilians.
The US State Department stated that "The civilian authorities generally maintained effective control of the security forces, although some members of the security forces committed serious human right abuses".
During President Mahinda Rajapaksa's reign White vans started to be associated with abductions and disappearances both during and after the war. Most disappearances of various critics, journalist and others who had disputes with members of the Rajapaksa government as well as kidnapping for ransom has been associated with the "White vans" which were believed to be operated by Military personnel.
Sahathevan Nilakshan, also spelt Sahadevan Nilakshan a Sri Lankan Tamil student journalist and the head of the Chaalaram magazine. Sahadevan was shot dead inside his house during nighttime curfew in an area heavily guarded by the Sri Lankan Army. Sahadevan was part of a series of killing of Tamil media workers particularly those seen supporting the Tamil nationalist cause as Chaalaram magazine for which he worked was linked to the Federation of Jaffna District Students was seen supporting Tamil nationalism. It was seen as part of the intimidation of Tamil media.
Post-war
People who were previously in, or who assisted, the Tamil Tigers have alleged that the government has been continuing to torture them after the formal end of hostilities. Human Rights Watch has said that 62 cases of sexual violence have been documented since the end of the civil war, though the government says that there have only been 5. Similarly, the government asserts that these are isolated cases, while those making the allegations believe that this is a part of an organized government campaign. One specific link to a formal government program investigated by the BBC found numerous people who say they were tortured at government rehabilitation camps, run for suspected former rebels. Several of those involved have medical documentation of torture along with documentation of having attended these programmes. Two UN reports have stated that the programme does not meet international standards and that there was a possibility of torture occurring. The government claimed to the BBC that they did not agree with the claims, and asserted that those anonymous people making the reports may have been paid by the Tamil Tigers or tortured by the Tigers themselves.
Abuses by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam have repeatedly been accused of attacks on civilians during their separatist guerrilla campaign.
The US State Department reported several human rights abuses in 2005, but it specifically states that there were no confirmed reports of politically motivated killings by the government. The report states that "they [LTTE] continued to control large sections of the north and east and engaged in politically motivated killings, disappearances, torture, arbitrary arrest and detention, denial of a fair public trial, arbitrary interference with privacy, denial of freedom of speech, press, of assembly and association, and the recruitment of child soldiers". The report further accused the LTTE of extrajudicial killings in the North and East.
The LTTE committed massacres in the Northern and Eastern provinces of Sri Lanka. The number of civilians massacred in a single incident were as high as 144 (Anuradhapura massacre) in 1985. Some of the major attacks resulting in civilian deaths include the Kebithigollewa massacre, the Gonagala massacre (54 dead), the Dehiwala train bombing (56 dead), the Palliyagodella massacre (109 dead) and the bombing of Sri Lanka's Central Bank (102 dead). Further a Claymore antipersonnel mine attack by the LTTE on June 15, 2006 on a bus carrying 140 civilians killed 68 people including 15 children, and injured 60 others.
Tamil Tigers were also credited by FBI for the invention of suicide bra and suicide belt. Most of the targets of suicide attacks were made on civilians rather than the government forces.
Abuses by other groups
The TamilEela Makkal Viduthalai Pulikal (TMVP), an armed organization led by Colonel Karuna, was accused by many human rights and non-governmental organizations of recruiting children, torture, assassinations and engaging in extortion in its war against the LTTE. The TMVP was also involved in kidnappings for ransom of wealthy, predominantly Tamil, businessmen to raise money in Colombo and other towns. Some businessmen were killed because their family could not pay the ransom.
Aftermath
The legacy of alleged human rights abuses continued to affect Sri Lanka after the end of the war. For example, the biennial Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was held in Sri Lanka in 2013. The prime ministers of India, Canada, and Mauritius refused to attend due to concerns about Sri Lanka's human rights record, including "ongoing allegations of abuse of opposition politicians and journalists".
Investigations
After President Mahinda Rajapaksa was ousted from power, investigations into the disappearances were launched by the new government which revealed a secret unit within the Sri Lankan Navy that was responsible for several disappearances. In March 2015, three navy personnel and a former police officer were arrested in relation to the killing of parliamentarian Nadarajah Raviraj in 2006 and in August 2015, police also announced that they had arrested several military personnel in relation to the disappearance of journalist and cartoonist Prageeth Eknaligoda.
On 2015 October 11, Former Eastern Province Chief Minister Sivanesathurai Chandrakanthan alias Pillayan of the former paramilitary group TMVP was arrested by the Criminal Investigation Department in connection with the killing of former TNA parliamentarian Joseph Pararajasingham who was shot dead on December 25, 2005 in Batticaloa. He was allowed to be detained till 4 November for further questioning
Post-war ethnic clashes
The 2014 anti-Muslim riots in Sri Lanka were religious and ethnic riots in June 2014 in south-western Sri Lanka that were sparked by the assault of a senior Buddhist monk, Ayagama Samitha, and his driver by Muslims in Dharga Town on the holy day of Poson. Muslims and their property were attacked by Sinhalese Buddhists in the towns of Aluthgama, Beruwala and Dharga Town in Kalutara District. At least four people were killed and 80 injured. Hundreds were made homeless following attacks on homes, shops, factories, mosques and a nursery. 10,000 people (8,000 Muslims and 2,000 Sinhalese) were displaced by the riots. The riots followed rallies by Bodu Bala Sena (BBS), a hard line Buddhist group. The BBS was widely blamed for inciting the riots but it has denied responsibility. The mainstream media in Sri Lanka censored news about the riots following orders from the Sri Lankan government.
Moderate Buddhist monk Watareka Vijitha, who had been critical of the BBS, was abducted and assaulted in the Bandaragama area on 19 June 2014. Vijitha had been forcibly circumcised.
Schools in the riot affected re-opened on 23 June 2014. Sporadic attacks against Muslim targets continued in the days after the riots.
LGBT rights in Sri Lanka
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Sri Lanka face legal and social challenges not faced by non-LGBT people. Article 365 of the Sri Lankan Penal Code, which dates from the time of colonial British Ceylon, criminalizes sexual acts deemed "against the order of nature". For much of the law's history, the prohibition applied to sexual acts between males; in 1995, Article 365 was amended to replace the word "males" with "persons" so that same-sex sexual activity between two consenting adult females was outlawed in addition to that between consenting adult males. Other laws that marginalize and disadvantage LGBTQI individuals are enforced against purported gender impersonation (Article 399, used against transgender people) and public indecency (Section 7, 1841 Vagrants Ordinance, used against sex workers, and anyone whose public behaviours are deemed to indicate same-sex sexual activity).
Human rights organizations have reported that police and government workers used the threat of arrest to assault, harass, and sexually and monetarily extort LGBTQI individuals. Vigilante attacks, vigilante executions, torture, forced anal examinations, and beatings are also tolerated.
Sri Lanka has not yet implemented anti-discrimination laws. It has not recognized transgender people, making it hard for them to get government cards and discrimination is also rampant.
Child marriage
In Sri Lanka, the legal marriage age is 18. However, the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act (MMDA) allows underage Muslims older than 12 to be married and does not require the bride's consent. The age can be reduced even further if a quazi allows it. The penal code also exempts Muslims from prosecution for statutory rape if the victim is married to the perpetrator and is 12 or older. Child marriage rates in Sri Lanka are at 2% by 15 and 12% by 18, lower than other South Asian nations however some marriages are unregistered and may be higher. Many Muslim girls have attempted suicide to avoid being forcefully married off and girls that oppose marriages are beaten by their families. Husbands can also get quick divorces without having to offer any explanation while the wife has to endure a long process that requires her to produce witnesses and attend hearings. The laws are administered through special sharia courts administered by quazis. Women are not allowed to be quazis and quazis routinely order women to keep quiet during proceedings, representation through lawyers are also not allowed.
Many incidents of domestic abuse, rape and murder of teenagers have been reported due to the MMDA. In one instance a girl was sent to her uncle's house by her parents due to falling in love with a boy while having an education and a visitor to the house asked the family to marry her. The girl refused and was beaten up by the family, and in desperation, she cut her arms and took several pills in a suicide attempt. After she was hospitalized her family bribed the doctors and took her to a private hospital and later married her off. Her husband regularly abused her and was paranoid of her having an affair with her former love interest. When she revealed her pregnancy he threw her to the floor taunting that he only needed her for one night. As a result, she suffered a miscarriage and the police didn't believe her story and the mosque reunited her with the husband despite her objections. Then her husband put her phone number on social media which resulted in various strangers asking her to have sex for money. As a result, her education was sabotaged and was unable to even travel outside. In 2017 another 4 month pregnant 18 year old died after her husband she married when she was 16, tied her to a chair, poured oil and set her on fire. Her husband threatened that he would hurt her other infant if she reported the abuse to the police. There have been instances of children as young as 12 being dragged from playgrounds, given wedding clothes and being forcibly married off while crying in the middle of the wedding ceremony and being forced into sex even before puberty.
Supporters of the MMDA such as the All Ceylon Jamiyyathul Ulama, a union of male Islamic scholars claim that child marriages are rare. However, 22% of marriages registered in 2015 in Kattankudy, a Muslim majority town in Eastern Province, the woman was 17 or younger up from 14% in 2014.
Many Muslim organizations such as the Women's Action Network (WAN) and Muslim Women's Research and Action Forum have been attempting to reform or abolish the MMDA and give equal rights to women and ban child marriage. However, members of the organizations face harassment and threats from extremist Muslim organizations. Activists have expressed fears to even engage in daily tasks such as travelling and sending children to school due to regular threats.
See also
Allegations of state terrorism in Sri Lanka
List of attacks attributed to the LTTE
Military use of children in Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan Civil War
List of attacks attributed to the Sri Lankan military
Gender inequality in Sri Lanka
References and further reading
External links
Human Rights Organization of Sri Lanka
Home for Human Rights
Human Rights Watch
Amnesty International - Sri Lanka Human Rights Reports
Freedom of expression in Sr Lanka - IFEX
Intellectuals for Human Rights
Freedom from Torture
information relating to human rights situation in Sri Lanka
Peace and Conflict Timeline (PACT) - an interactive timeline of the Sri Lankan conflict
List of Human Rights Violations in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka mission report
Nine recommendations for improving media freedom in Sri Lanka – RSF
Media in Sri Lanka
Free Speech in Sri Lanka
Mystery surrounds the brutal killing of a Tamil journalist, Asian Tribune
Human trafficking in Sri Lanka
Law of Sri Lanka | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20rights%20in%20Sri%20Lanka |
Sedimentary exhalative deposits (SEDEX or SedEx deposits) are zinc-lead deposits originally interpreted to have been formed by discharge of metal-bearing basinal fluids onto the seafloor resulting in the precipitation of mainly stratiform ore, often with thin laminations of sulphide minerals. SEDEX deposits are hosted largely by clastic rocks deposited in intracontinental rifts or failed rift basins and passive continental margins. Since these ore deposits frequently form massive sulfide lenses, they are also named sediment-hosted massive sulfide (SHMS) deposits, as opposed to volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) deposits. The sedimentary appearance of the thin laminations led to early interpretations that the deposits formed exclusively or mainly by exhalative processes onto the seafloor, hence the term SEDEX. However, recent study of numerous deposits indicates that shallow subsurface replacement is also an important process, in several deposits the predominant one, with only local if any exhalations onto the seafloor. For this reason, some authors prefer the term "Clastic-dominated zinc-lead deposits". As used today, therefore, the term SEDEX is not to be taken to mean that hydrothermal fluids actually vented into the overlying water column, although this may have occurred in some cases.
Main ore minerals in SEDEX deposits are fine-grained sphalerite and galena, chalcopyrite is significant in some deposits; silver-bearing sulfosalts are frequent minor constituents; pyrite is always present and can be a minor component or the dominant sulfide, as it is the case in massive sulfide bodies; barite content is common to absent, locally economic.
SEDEX deposits are typified, among others, by Red Dog, McArthur River, Mount Isa, Rammelsberg, Sullivan. SEDEX deposits are the most important source of lead and zinc, and a major contributor of silver and copper.
Genetic model
Fluid and metal sources
The source of metals and mineralizing solutions for SEDEX deposits is deep formational saline waters and brines that leach metals from clastic sedimentary rocks and the underlying basement. The fluids derived their salinity from the evaporation of seawater and may have been mixed with meteoric water and pore water squeezed out of the sediments. Metals such as lead, copper and zinc are found in a trace amount in clastic and magmatic rocks.
Saline waters may reach temperatures higher than 200°C in deeper parts of the basin. Hydrothermal fluid compositions are estimated to have a salinity of up to 23% NaCl eq. Hot, moderately acidic, saline waters, are able to carry significant amounts of lead, zinc, silver and other metals.
Deposition
The mineralizing fluids are conducted upwards along permeable feeders, in particular basin-bounding faults. Feeders which host the hydrothermal flow can show evidence of this flow due to development of hydrothermal breccias, quartz and carbonate veining and pervasive ankerite-siderite-chlorite-sericite alteration. The feeders themselves do not need to be mineralized
Near the seafloor, beneath or onto it, the ascending metal-bearing fluids eventually cool down and may mix with cold slightly alkaline, less saline seawater triggering precipitation of metal sulfides. If mixing takes place subseafloor, extensive replacement develops. If the discharge is onto the seafloor, stratiform deposits of chemical precipitates may form. In an ideal exhalative model, hot dense brines flow to depressed areas of the ocean topography where they mix with cooler, less dense, sea water, causing the dissolved metal and sulfur in the brine to precipitate from solution as a solid metal sulfide ore, deposited as layers of sulfide sediment.
The ultimate source of reduced sulfur is seawater sulfate. Sulfate reduction (through Thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) and/or bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) to form sulphides may occur at the mineralization site, or, alternatively, metalliferous but reduced sulfur-poor fluids may mix with fluids enriched in H2S near the mineralization site and so trigger sulfide precipitation.
Morphology
Upon mixing of the ore fluids with the seawater, dispersed across the seafloor, the ore constituents and gangue minerals are precipitated onto the seafloor to form an orebody and mineralization halo which are congruent with the underlying stratigraphy and are generally fine grained, finely laminated and can be recognized as chemically deposited from solution.
Also replacement processes along permeable beds may produce stratiform morphologies. An example are arkosic strata adjacent to faults which feed heavy brines into the porous, permeable sediment, filling the matrix with sulfides. Mineralization is also developed in faults and feeder conduits which fed the mineralizing system. For instance, the Sullivan orebody in south-eastern British Columbia was developed within an interformational diatreme, caused by overpressuring of a lower sedimentary unit and eruption of the fluids through another unit en route to the seafloor.
Within disturbed and tectonized sequences, SEDEX mineralization behaves similarly to other massive sulfide deposits, being a low-competence low shear strength layer within more rigid silicate sedimentary rocks. As such, boudinage structures, dikes of sulfides, vein sulfides and hydrothermally remobilized and enriched portions or peripheries of SEDEX deposits are individually known from amongst the various examples worldwide.
Following the discovery of hydrothermal vents, deposits similar to those of oceanic vents and fossilized vent life forms have been found in some SEDEX deposits.
Problems of classification
SEDEX deposits belong to the large class of non-magmatic hydrothermal ore deposits formed by basinal brines.
This class includes also:
Mississippi valley type (MVT) zinc-lead deposits.
Sediment-hosted stratiform Cu-Co-(Ag) deposit, typified by the Copperbelt of Zambia and DRC. The supergiant deposits of the Copperbelt are considered by some authors to be syndiagenetic copper mineralization formed at arkose-shale interfaces within sedimentary sequences, whereas for other authors these deposits formed many million years after sedimentation, during the Lufilian Cambrian orogeny (~540–490 Ma)
As discussed above, one of the major problems in classifying SEDEX deposits has been in identifying whether or not the ore was definitively exhaled into the ocean and whether the source was formational brines from sedimentary basins.
In many cases the overprint of metamorphism and faulting, generally thrust faulting, deforms and disturbs the sediments and obscures the original fabrics.
Specific examples of deposits
Sullivan led-zinc mine
The Sullivan Mine in British Columbia was worked for 105 years and produced 16,000,000 tonnes of lead and zinc, as well as 9,000 tonnes of silver. It was Canada's longest lived continuous mining operation and produced metals worth over $20 billion in terms of 2005 metal prices. Grading was in excess of 5% Pb and 6% Zn.
The ore genesis of the Sullivan ore body is summarized by the following process:
Sediments were deposited in an extensional second-order sedimentary basin during extension.
Earlier, deeply buried sediments devolved fluids into a deep reservoir of sandy siltstones and sandstones.
Intrusion of dolerite sills into the sedimentary basin raised the geothermal gradient locally.
Raised temperatures prompted overpressuring of the lower sedimentary reservoir which breached overlying sediments, forming a breccia diatreme.
Mineralizing fluid flowed upwards through the concave feeder zone of the breccia diatreme, discharging onto the seafloor. Beneath the seafloor, Aldridge sediments were replaced by an tourmaline "pipe" (650 m by 1300 m by 400 m thick) characterized by a well-developed network of pyrrhotite-minor quartz-carbonate veins and veinlets, marking the feeder zone for the deposit.
Ore fluids debouched onto the seafloor and pooled in a second-order sub-basin's depocentre, precipitating a stratiform massive sulfide layer from 3 to 8 m thick, with exhalative chert, manganese and probable K-bearing hydrothermal clays. The central area of the exhalitive massive sulfides lying above the feeder zone became progressively replaced by massive pyrrhotite-chlorite alteration. Ongoing fluid flow and precipitation in the feeder zone eventually led to its sealing and diversion of fluid flow to the ring-shaped surrounding Transition Zone (TZ) characterized by sericite/muscovite alteration and increased levels of As, Sb, and Ag. Later pyrite replacement of the orebody was associated with albite-chlorite alteration in both the underlying tourmalinite pipe and the ore zone, and development of an albitite body in the overlying sediments. This later, lower temperature hydrothermal alteration was associated with ongoing underlying intrusion of Moyie gabbro sills, which were likely the heat engines to drive hydrothermal circulation.
References
Economic geology
Ore deposits | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary%20exhalative%20deposits |
Casey Edward Rabach (; born September 24, 1977) is a former American football center. He was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the third round of the 2001 NFL Draft, and also played professionally for the Washington Redskins. He played college football at Wisconsin.
Early life
Rabach attended Sturgeon Bay High School in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin and then played college football at Wisconsin.
Professional career
Baltimore Ravens
Rabach was drafted in the third round of the 2001 NFL Draft (92nd overall) by the Baltimore Ravens. By the 2003 season he was the starting center for the team.
Washington Redskins
Before the 2005 NFL season, Rabach left Baltimore as a free agent for the Washington Redskins. He immediately became the starting center for the Redskins, replacing Cory Raymer. That year, he started all 16 games. The following year, Rabach was plagued by a broken left hand in the back half of the season. Rabach signed a three-year contract with them in March 2010, worth $12.3 million before being released a year later, playing in and starting 95 of 96 possible games. Upon his release, teammates noted his leadership as the Redskins moved towards youth at the offensive line with Kory Lichtensteiger and Will Montgomery.
Later, Rabach drew interest from the Baltimore Ravens and Cincinnati Bengals.
Baltimore Ravens (second stint)
On August 3, 2011, the Baltimore Ravens had agreed with Rabach to a potential two-year deal to add center depth behind Matt Birk and guard depth after Chris Chester left for the Redskins. Rabach later failed his team physical due to lingering concerns related to off-season shoulder surgery, being told he needed two to three weeks' more time, and did not join the roster.
Personal life
Rabach is the cousin of brothers Chris Greisen, a former NFL and Arena Football League player, and Nick Greisen, who last played in the NFL for the Denver Broncos.
After his playing career, Rabach started the Fifth Quarter Foundation in his native Door County, Wisconsin to help improve the quality of youth sports in the area.
References
External links
Washington Redskins bio
People from Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
American football centers
Wisconsin Badgers football players
Baltimore Ravens players
Washington Redskins players
Players of American football from Wisconsin
1977 births
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casey%20Rabach |
The Column of Marcus Aurelius (, ) is a Roman victory column in Piazza Colonna, Rome, Italy. It is a Doric column featuring a spiral relief: it was built in honour of Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius and modeled on Trajan's Column.
Construction
Because the original dedicatory inscription has been destroyed, it is not known whether it was built during the emperor's reign (on the occasion of the triumph over the Marcomanni, Quadi and Sarmatians in the year 176) or after his death in 180; however, an inscription found in the vicinity attests that the column was completed by 193.
In terms of the topography of ancient Rome, the column stood on the north part of the Campus Martius, in the centre of a square. This square was either between the temple of Hadrian (probably the Hadrianeum) and the temple of Marcus Aurelius (dedicated by his son Commodus, of which nothing now remains – it was probably on the site of Palazzo Wedekind), or within the latter's sacred precinct, of which nothing remains. Nearby is the site where the emperor's cremation occurred.
The column's shaft is high, on a high base, which in turn originally stood on a high platform – the column in total is About 3 metres of the base have been below ground level since the 1589 restoration.
The column consists of 27 or 28 blocks of Carrara marble, each of diameter, hollowed out while still at the quarry for a stairway of 190–200 steps within the column up to a platform at the top. Just as with Trajan's Column, this stairway is illuminated through narrow slits into the relief.
Relief
The spiral picture relief tells the story of Marcus Aurelius' Danubian or Marcomannic wars, waged by him from 166 to his death. The story begins with the army crossing the river Danube, probably at Carnuntum. A Victory separates the accounts of two expeditions. The exact chronology of the events is disputed; however, the latest theory states that the expeditions against the Marcomanni and Quadi in the years 172 and 173 are in the lower half and the successes of the emperor over the Sarmatians in the years 174 and 175 in the upper half.
One particular episode portrayed is historically attested in Roman propaganda – the so-called "rain miracle in the territory of the Quadi", in which a god, answering a prayer from the emperor, rescues Roman troops by a terrible storm, a miracle later claimed by the Christians for the Christian God.
In spite of many similarities to Trajan's Column, the style is entirely different, a forerunner of the dramatic style of the 3rd century and closely related to the triumphal arch of Septimius Severus, erected soon after. The figures' heads are disproportionately large so that the viewer can better interpret their facial expressions. The images are carved less finely than at Trajan's Column, through drilling holes more deeply into the stone, so that they stand out better in a contrast of light and dark. As villages are burned down, women and children are captured and displaced, men are killed, the emotion, despair, and suffering of the "barbarians" in the war, are represented acutely in single scenes and in the figures' facial expressions and gestures, whilst the emperor is represented as protagonist, in control of his environment.
The symbolic language is altogether clearer and more expressive, if clumsier at first sight, and leaves a wholly different impression on the viewer to the whole artistic style of 100 to 150 as on Trajan's Column. There, cool and sober balance – here, drama and empathy. The pictorial language is unambiguous – imperial dominance and authority is emphasised, and its leadership is justified. Overall, it is an anticipation of the development of artistic style into late antiquity, and a first artistic expression of the crisis of the Roman empire that would worsen in the 3rd century.
Later history
In the Middle Ages, climbing the column was so popular that the right to charge the entrance fee was annually auctioned, but it is no longer possible to do so today. Now the Column serves a centrepiece to the Piazza Colonna, in front of the Palazzo Chigi.
Restoration
About three metres of the base have been below ground level since 1589 when, by order of pope Sixtus V, the whole column was restored by Domenico Fontana and adapted to the ground level of that time. Also a bronze statue of the apostle St. Paul was placed on the top platform, to go with that of St. Peter on Trajan's Column (27 October 1588). (Originally the top platform had a statue of Marcus Aurelius, but it was removed and switched with St.Paul after Christianity took reign as the dominant religion.) That adaptation also removed the damaged or destroyed original reliefs on the base of garland-carrying victories and (on the side facing the via Flaminia ) representations of subjected barbarians, replacing them with the following inscription mistakenly calling this the column of Antoninus Pius, which is now recognised as lost:
Dimensions
Height of base:
+ Height of shaft:
Typical height of drums:
Diameter of shaft:
+ Height of capital:
= Height of column proper: (~ 100 Roman feet)
+ Height of pedestal: ~
= Height of top of column above ground: ~
See also
List of ancient spiral stairs
Ancient Roman architecture
References
Bibliography
External links
Eugen Petersen's photographs of the Column of Marcus Aurelius
High-resolution 360° Panoramas and Images of Column of Marcus Aurelius | Art Atlas
Buildings and structures completed in the 2nd century
Monumental columns in Rome
2nd-century Roman sculptures
Marcus Aurelius
Cultural depictions of Marcus Aurelius
Rome R. III Colonna
Roman sculpture portraits of emperors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column%20of%20Marcus%20Aurelius |
, abbreviated NGBC or NBC, is a 2-on-2 tag team fighting game designed for the Atomiswave arcade board developed and released by SNK in 2005. The game features characters from several SNK and ADK titles. Subsequently, a PlayStation 2 version of the game was released in Japan, North America, and Europe. The Xbox Live Arcade version was released worldwide on June 9, 2010. In 2020, a homebrew conversion was released for the Dreamcast.
Gameplay
The game system of the arcade NGBC, as previously mentioned, is a 2-on-2 tag battle, regardless of how many players are playing. While the two-player game system is similar to most tag-team systems of other games, the single player system is unusual.
The game's single play is more like a survival battle, where the player must beat enemy after enemy as long as possible. However, the game gives the player 300 seconds, and when time-out occurs, instead of win or lose, the player will face the boss (depending on how well they perform). Only at this point will time-out determine the victor.
During a single-play, the rule is to defeat either member of the team, not both team members. That is, unlike most tag-team systems (but similar to Kizuna Encounter or Tekken Tag Tournament), where all opposition must be beaten in order to win, in NGBC the player only needs to beat one member of the opposite team to win, without the need to fight the other member if the first is defeated.
Plot
The official plot, as given by SNK, is as follows: "In February, 2017 of the new Japanese era there is a man trying to rule the Neo Geo World. "I will topple Neo Geo's most powerful warriors and put myself on the throne!". We knew that if he managed to obtain Neo Geo world's awesome power, world domination would not be far from his reach. This man, who sat at the heart of the "WAREZ Conglomerate" with overwhelming financial power behind him, had already set out on his ambitious path to gain Neo Geo World's power. Those who knew the truth of his intentions were already trembling with fear... As Neo Geo World drew closer to the verge of disaster, a WAREZ sponsored fighting competition was announced. This event is called "Neo Geo Battle Coliseum". The federal government is worried about the situation, and has secretly dispatched its two best secret agents, Yuki and Ai. A world on the verge of eternal darkness... The future of Neo Geo World is now in the hands of the warriors." (The name of the organization that hosts the tournament, WAREZ, is an obvious play on the word warez, as SNK Playmore blames software piracy as one of the contributing factors to its 2001 bankruptcy.)
Characters
The game features 40 playable characters and one non-playable boss. Four characters are original to Battle Coliseum, while the remainder are drawn from 11 different SNK series.
Reception
IGN gave the game 7.3/10. HonestGamers gave a 4/5 review stating "A fun and challenging fighter with bits of SNK nostalgia makes this a great game." Cheat Code Central gave a 2.5/5 review stating "Neo Geo Battle Coliseum doesn't bring anything new at all to the fighting formula, instead choosing to place all of its stock in the nostalgia factor.", but claiming nostalgic fans of SNK would enjoy the game.
References
External links
Neo Geo Battle Coliseum at the official Japanese website of SNK Playmore
Neo Geo Battle Coliseum at the official website of SNK Playmore USA
Neo Geo Battle Coliseum at the official European website of Ignition Entertainment
2005 video games
Arcade video games
Crossover fighting games
Crossover video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Network games
SNK Playmore games
SNK Playmore
Xbox 360 games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games
Fighting games used at the Super Battle Opera tournament
Tag team videogames
Fighting games
2D fighting games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Masahiko Hataya
Video games set in 2017
UTV Ignition Games games
Multiplayer and single-player video games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo%20Geo%20Battle%20Coliseum |
The Federation of German Scientists - VDW (Vereinigung Deutscher Wissenschaftler e. V.) is a German non-governmental organization.
History
Since its founding 1959 by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, Otto Hahn, Max Born and further prominent nuclear scientists, known as Göttinger 18, who had previously publicly declared their position against the nuclear armament of the German Bundeswehr, the Federation has been committed to the ideal of responsible Wissenschaft. The founders were almost identical to the "Göttinger 18" (compare the historical Göttingen Seven). Both the "Göttingen Manifesto" and the formation of the VDW were an expression of the new sense of responsibility felt by Otto Hahn and some scientists after the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The VDW tried to mirror the American Federation of Atomic Scientists. VDW has been identified as Western Germany's Pugwash group.
Members of VDW feel committed to taking into consideration the possible military, political and economical implications and possibilities of atomic misuse when carrying out their scientific research and teaching. The Federation of German Scientists comprises around 400 scholars of different fields. The Federation of German Scientists addresses both interested members of the public and decision-makers on all levels of politics and society with its work. The politician Egon Bahr was a longstanding member. Georg Picht presented a radio series about the Limits of growth on behalf of the VDW in the 1970s. In 2005/2006, the VDW was the patron and main contributor to the Potsdam Manifesto‚ 'We have to learn to think in a new way’ and the Potsdam Denkschrift under co-authorship of Hans Peter Duerr and Daniel Dahm, together with Rudolf zur Lippe. Since 2022 Ulrike Beisiegel and Götz Neuneck are co-chairs of the VDW.
VDW was closely connected with the German Friedensbewegung (peace movement) in the 1980s. After 1999 VDW tried to regain public interest with the establishment of the Whistleblower Prize, awarded together with the German branch of the International Association of Lawyers Against Nuclear Arms (IALANA).
Whistleblower Prize
The Whistleblower Prize worth 3,000 euro, is given biannually and was established in 1999. In 2015, the selection of Gilles-Éric Séralini generated some controversy. Ulrich Bahnsen in Die Zeit described VDW and IALANA as consisting of busybodies with best wills - and worst possible outcome in the case of this award. The opinion piece, featured in Zeit Online, described the awarding of Séralini as a failure, and viewed his status as a "whistleblower" as questionable, in light of his use of "junk science" to support anti-GMO activism.
Recipients
1999 Alexander Nikitin
2001 Margrit Herbst
2003 Daniel Ellsberg
2005 Theodore A. Postol and Arpad Puztai
2007 Brigitte Heinisch and Liv Bode, in relation with the alleged Bornavirus
2009 Rudolf Schmenger and Frank Wehrheim, taxation experts in the state of Hessen
2011 Chelsea Manning and Rainer Moormann
2013 Edward Snowden
2015 Gilles-Éric Séralini and Brandon Bryant
References
External links
Website of the Federation of German Scientists - VDW
Website Goettinger 18
Anti–nuclear weapons movement
Organizations established in 1959
1959 establishments in West Germany
Pacifism in Germany
Science advocacy organizations
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
Ethics of science and technology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation%20of%20German%20Scientists |
Campo Alegre de Goiás is a municipality in southeastern Goiás state, Brazil. It is the largest producer of coffee in the state and an important producer of soybeans, corn, and wheat.
Geography
Campo Alegre is located in the statistical micro-region of Catalão. It is 326 km. from the state capital, Goiânia and is connected by BR-352 / Bela Vista de Goiás / Cristianópolis / GO-020 / Pires do Rio / GO-330 / Ipameri / Catalão / BR-050.
It has boundaries with Catalão (south), Ipameri (north and east), and Paracatu (east). Three rivers cross the municipality: Rio Veríssimo, Rio São Marcos and Rio Pirapitinga.
History
Campo Alegre de Goiás began as a stopping point in 1833 for the muleteers crossing the different routes in the province of Goiás. The first name was Calaça. It became a district of Ipameri in 1907. In 1944 the name was changed to Rudá, which means God of love in the local indigenous language. Later the name was changed back to Campo Alegre de Goiás when the town was detached from Ipameri and made a municipality.
Demographic and political data
Population density in 2007: 2,34 inhabitants/km2
Population growth rate 2000/2007: 3.52.%
Urban population in 2007: 4,160
Rural population in 2007: 1,607
Eligible voters in 2007: 3,966
City government in 2005: mayor (José Lourenço Peixoto), vice-mayor (Luiz Manteiga Alvares de Campos), and 09 councilmembers
Economy
The economy is based on agriculture, with important plantations of coffee, soybeans, wheat, corn, and cattle raising. There are also extensive plantations of eucalyptus, which is used to make charcoal and transported to the metallurgy industries of the Belo Horizonte industrial belt.
Economic data
Industrial establishments in 2007: 15
Retail establishments in 2007: 93
Financial institutions in 2007: Banco Itaú, Banco do Brasil
Cattle: 68,500
Main crops: In 2006 the main crops were cotton (2,800 hectares), garlic, rice, potatoes, coffee, beans (2,500 hectares), and soybeans (57,000 hectares). There were 339 farms with a total area of 232,672 ha., of which 105,419 ha. were pasture, 3,870 ha. were permanent crops, 70,157 were perennial crops, and 49,330 ha. were woodland. There were 1,250 persons dependent on agriculture. There were 331 tractors and 105 farms had tractors.
Health and education
Infant mortality rate in 2000: 14.32
Public health clinics in 2007: 03
Hospitals in 2007: 01 with 6 beds
Literacy rate in 2000: 89.4
Schools in 2006: 10 with 1,662 students
Higher education: none in 2005
Campo Alegre has a relatively high standard of living. On the United Nations Human Development Index Campo Alegre had a rating of 0.802,which ranked it 9 out of a total of 242 municipalities in the state of Goiás. Nationally it was ranked 532 out of 5,507 municipalities. (All data are from 2000.) For the complete list see Frigoletto
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
Microregions of Goiás
References
Frigoletto
Municipalities in Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campo%20Alegre%20de%20Goi%C3%A1s |
José 'Pepe' Murcia González (born 3 December 1964) is a Spanish football manager who manages Qatari Second Division side Muaither SC.
Career
Born in Córdoba, Andalusia, Murcia never played in higher than Segunda División B, and retired in 1992 at the age of only 27 due to injury. He coached several local youth teams in his early years, including Córdoba CF. After a successful spell with the reserves (two consecutive promotions all the way to Tercera División), he was one of four managers for the main squad in the 2001–02 season, achieving four wins, two draws and two losses during his eight games in charge as they eventually retained their Segunda División status.
Murcia then plied his trade in the third division, leading Atlético Madrid's B team to the league championship in his first year, albeit with no playoff promotion. On 9 January 2006, following a 0–0 La Liga home draw against Valencia CF, he was appointed the Colchoneros first team's manager, replacing the dismissed Carlos Bianchi; they ranked 12th at that time, going on to finish the campaign in tenth position.
Murcia spent the following four years in the second tier with as many clubs, not managing to finish one single season but with none of the teams eventually losing their league status. On 30 November 2009, after a 2–3 home defeat to CD Numancia, he was fired at Albacete Balompié due to negative results, with the Castile-La Mancha side in 16th position at that time– eventually ending 15th.
On 9 August 2011, Murcia signed a two-year contract with Romania's FC Brașov, but resigned at the Liga I club after three matches due to family reasons. In June 2014, after nearly three years out of football, he was appointed at PFC Levski Sofia in Bulgaria.
Murcia was sacked on 4 August 2014, due to poor results. In November 2016, whilst working out on his own, the FC Legirus Inter manager suffered a heart attack, slipping into a coma but eventually recovering.
In June 2017, Murcia was hired by Al-Shahania SC, newly relegated to the Qatari Second Division. He won promotion to the Qatar Stars League with an unbeaten first season, and then came seventh in his second, earning him a nomination for Manager of the Year alongside Jesualdo Ferreira of champions Al Sadd SC.
Managerial statistics
Honours
ManagerAtlético Madrid BSegunda División B: 2003–04Al-Shahania'
Qatari Second Division: 2017–18
References
External links
Levski official profile
1964 births
Living people
Footballers from Córdoba, Spain
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Segunda División B players
Tercera División players
Real Jaén footballers
Córdoba CF players
Spanish football managers
La Liga managers
Segunda División managers
Segunda División B managers
Tercera División managers
Córdoba CF managers
FC Cartagena managers
Atlético Madrid B managers
Atlético Madrid managers
Xerez CD managers
CD Castellón managers
RC Celta de Vigo managers
Albacete Balompié managers
UD Salamanca managers
Liga I managers
FC Brașov (1936) managers
PFC Levski Sofia managers
Qatar Stars League managers
Al-Shahania Sports Club managers
Tunisian Ligue Professionnelle 1 managers
CS Sfaxien managers
Spanish expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in Romania
Expatriate football managers in Bulgaria
Expatriate football managers in Finland
Expatriate football managers in Qatar
Expatriate football managers in Tunisia
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Finland
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Tunisia
Córdoba CF B managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Murcia |
RAF Weston-on-the-Green is a Royal Air Force station that was redeveloped after the Great War period. Much demolition took place (including the original 1916/1917 hangars). The former RFC Officers and Sergeant's messes are located on the opposite side of the road, and are now in commercial use. The station is located near the village of Weston-on-the-Green in Oxfordshire, England.
RAF Weston-on-the-Green is one of the few remaining active RAF bases with some original pre-RAF buildings.
History
The airfield was used for the launch of the first modern hot air balloon in the UK in 1967, called the Bristol Belle. The airfield is the 3rd largest grass airfield still in operational use in the UK. It was previously used for the Hotspur gliders and Bristol Aircraft.
Current use
The station comes under the control of the nearby RAF Brize Norton, home of No.1 Parachute Training School RAF. The grass airfield at Weston is used regularly as a drop zone for military static line and freefall parachute training for the UK military, using C-130 Hercules aircraft based at RAF Brize Norton. No military aircraft are based at RAF Weston-on-the-Green and the airfield is manned only part-time by RAF personnel.
Sport skydiving also takes place at RAF Weston-on-the-Green under the auspices of the Royal Air Force Sports Parachute Association using civilian aircraft based on the airfield.
There was, until 2011, a commercial parachute club, Skydive Weston, based at the field. However that was forced to move its base of operations away from Weston by MoD cuts. Some of the original buildings still stand, and the Skyvan aircraft originally used is now used during weekdays.
Oxford Gliding Club
Among the various organisations that use the airfield, Oxford Gliding Club use it now. They operate on the weekends with various club gliders, and about 30 private gliders. The club owns one Schleicher ASK 13, one Schleicher ASK 21, 2 K 8s, 2 Grob Astir, one DG-505 and a Slingsby T.21. The club uses the hangar in the northern side of the airfield, however the launch point varies according to the wind. The club celebrated its 75th anniversary in 2012. It is one of the oldest gliding clubs in the country.
Current aircraft based at WOTG
RAF units and aircraft
See also
List of Royal Air Force stations
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Oxford Gliding Club
UK Military Aeronautical Information Publication – Weston on the-Green
Weston on the Green Drop Zone – Scheduled Para Training Sorties
Military parachuting in the United Kingdom
Weston-on-the-Green
Weston-on- | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Weston-on-the-Green |
Morgenstern is the name of a musical project combining noise, industrial, and ambient music. It is a continuing act of Germany's Ant-Zen record label.
History
Morgenstern was founded in 1993 by Andrea Börner. The word "Morgenstern" means "Morning star." Börner was a founding member of the industrial/punk crossover band Ars Moriendi. She now devotes most of her time to Morgenstern, but also participates in the projects Templegarden's, KYAM, and Monokrom.
Discography
(untitled) (Split w/ Mandelbrot), 1994
(untitled) (Split w/ Asche), 1996
That Loop in My Eye (Split w/ Asche), 1997
(s/t), CD, 1998
Zyklen, CD, 1999
Cold, CD, 2001
Erode (with Converter and Asche), CD, 2001
Live at IWTBF Berlin 03 (Split w/ Monokrom), CD-R, 2004
Hypnoider Zustand, CD-R, 2005
Yesterdays, CD-R, 2005
Two Different Faces, CD, 2005
See also
List of ambient music artists
References
External links
Official website
German industrial music groups
Musical groups established in 1993
Noise musical groups
1993 establishments in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgenstern%20%28band%29 |
A bull boat is a useful small boat, usually made by the Nueta and frontiersmen, made by covering a skeletal wooden frame with a buffalo hide. It was used for traveling and fishing.
History
When the traders of Hudson's Bay Company first visited the Nueta in 1790 they found that tribe possessed tublike boats with framework of willow poles, covered with raw buffalo hides. Later, frontiersmen who ascended the Missouri River noted this light, convenient craft. From 1810 to 1830, American fur traders on the tributaries of the Missouri regularly built boats eighteen to thirty feet long, using the methods of construction employed by the Indians in making their circular boats. These elongated bull boats were capable of transporting two tons of fur down the shallow waters of the Platte River. These larger boats required joining the buffalo hides with waterproof seams, a technique not used by the American Indians.
Construction
A bull boat's framework was made of willow branches bent in a huge bowl shape about four feet across the top and eighteen inches deep. A bull buffalo hide (thus the bull phrase) was then stretched around this framework. The entire boat weighed about 30 pounds. The hair was left on the hide because it prevented the craft from spinning and aided in keeping the water out. The tails were also kept intact and used to tie numerous bull boats together. Once in the water, it was not very steady because it bobbed around like a cork, but it was serviceable for short trips.
William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition described them thus:
Similar vessels
A bull boat closely resembles a Welsh coracle, an Irish/Scottish currach, and an Iraqi/Mesopotamian quffa. This similarity was used to support a theory that a Welsh party colonized the New World in the 12th century. However, circular boats of similar design and construction appear in many different regions and do not share a common origin. In fact, these boats are similar solutions to common transportation needs on rivers: ferrying passengers and freight and serving as lighters and fishing boats. Their common design is so widespread because it is easy to make using materials readily available since the Stone Age—wood, animal hide, etc.—and very sturdy and effective.
References
Indigenous culture of the Great Plains
Indigenous boats | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bull%20boat |
Kerry Arthur Danes (a former Australian Army soldier born 21 October 1958 Longreach, Queensland) and wife Kay Frances Danes née Stewart (born 20 October 1967 Wynnum, Queensland) were imprisoned in Laos as civilians on 23 December 2000 and later convicted of embezzlement, tax evasion and destruction of evidence. They were ordered to pay fines and compensation of $AUD1.1 million.
After the Australian government intervened on their behalf, Kerry and Kay Danes were provisionally released on 6 October 2001. The pair signed a formal agreement to pay their fines by instalments, and a presidential pardon was granted on 6 November 2001, which enabled their return to Australia.
Kerry Danes
Kerry Arthur Danes was born in 1958 at Longreach, Queensland and joined the Australian Army in August 1976 at age 17. He took extended leave without pay in 1998 (aged 40) to try his luck in a civilian job in poverty-stricken Laos and enjoyed a relatively opulent comfortable expatriate lifestyle. His wife, Kay, and their three pre-teen children followed. After three years away, Danes returned to Australia in late 2001 (aged 43) and resumed paid military service sometime thereafter. In 2018, he reached the compulsory retirement age of 60 for Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, and was serving part-time with the Army Reserve as at December that year. According to Danes, his overseas military postings included Afghanistan, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, the West Bank and Yemen.
Danes' online professional profile describes him as a Director of a private security company (with his wife), and "a specialist in risk identification and crisis management, governance, safety and business continuity planning" since January 2002. Prior to that, Danes managed Lao Securicor, a company that provided a security guard for the Vientiane office of the country's biggest sapphire mine, Gem Mining Lao (GML).
Gem Mining Lao
Background
In 1994, Bjarne (Bernie) Jeppesen (Denmark) and his wife Julie Bruns (New Zealand) founded Gem Mining Lao PDR (GML) with Lao-born American, Somkhit Vilavong. They were granted a fifteen-year concession from the Lao government to mine at Huay Xai, a small city located in the north, which lies on the east of the Mekong just over the river border from Chiang Khong, Thailand near the Golden Triangle. In May 2000, Jeppesen and his wife fled Laos amidst charges of embezzlement. The Lao Government terminated GML's mining concession and then nationalised GML's sapphire mines. Jeppesen's caretakers, Kerry and Kay Danes, were arrested later the same year.
Kerry and Kay Danes
By the end of 2000, Kerry Danes, a soldier on extended leave from the Australian Army, had been living for two years in the capital city Vientiane. According to American gem expert Richard W. Hughes, Danes was general manager of Lao Securicor (a subsidiary of Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited), a company that provided a security guard for the Vientiane office of the country's biggest sapphire mine, Gem Mining Lao (GML). Amidst allegations of missing gems, the registered owners and founders/executives of GML had been prohibited from leaving Laos. Security contractor Kerry Danes formally agreed to handle all affairs for GML prior to two of their founders fleeing Laos on 28 May 2000 to Bangkok, Thailand (and later Denmark). More than 450 Laotian employees of GML lost their jobs. The Lao government later convicted the fugitive GML pair (who never returned) in absentia for theft and misappropriations related to GML, and sentenced them to twenty years imprisonment. According to Bernie Jeppesen (GML), Danes' subsequent problem resulted from his association with Gem Mining Lao.
Detainment
Kerry Danes formally agreed to handle all affairs for GML when two of its founders, Jeppeson and Bruns, unlawfully fled Laos to Thailand on 28 May 2000. Danes also co-signed a letter from Jeppesen accusing members of the Lao government of corruption. Two months after the departure of Jeppeson and Bruns, quantities of Huay Sai sapphires allegedly appeared at Chanthaburi gem markets in Thailand. Danes was the managing director of Lao Securicor, a security company in charge of shipping gems for GML. In December 1999, the Lao government had ordered GML to suspend exports of all raw and semi-finished sapphire products.
On 23 December 2000, Kerry Danes (aged 42) was seized in his Vientiane office by Lao secret police on suspicion of involvement in the theft of over $US6 million worth of sapphires and cash from a gem mine that he had been hired to secure. Under Lao law, suspects could be held for up to twelve months before charges were laid. GML fugitive Bernie Jeppesen attributed Danes' problem to his association with Gem Mining Lao.
Danes' wife, Kay (aged 33), worked as an office manager for Lao Securicor security company, which contracted to GML. She tried to flee the country on foot the same day with two of their three children (the third child, aged 14, was not in Laos), but was detained with $US52,700 cash at the nearby Laos-Thailand border by the head of Lao secret police. Under Lao law, suspects could be held for up to twelve months before charges were laid. The children aged 11 and 7 were released and with the aid of Australian consular staff, returned to Australia two days later on 25 December 2000 to stay with their grandparents in Brisbane. Kerry and Kay Danes were incarcerated in separate sections of mixed-sex Phonthong Prison, known as the 'Foreigners Prison', near Vientiane. On Christmas Day, Kay reportedly told her mother by mobile phone: "Mum, I think by tomorrow I'll be dead."
Allegations
In May 2001, the Danes' Sydney-based lawyer said Kay's psychological condition was deteriorating, and she had developed a bad toothache in need of treatment. However, Kerry was physically and mentally strong. The case against the Danes centred on the transfer of a small fortune ($AUD200,000) to a Lao bank account in Kay Danes' name. The transfer occurred about the time authorities alleged that finished and rough-cut sapphires worth millions of dollars disappeared from the office of a mining company that Danes provided security for. Soon after the Danes were detained, fugitive Bernie Jeppesen (GML) claimed that two dubious Australian characters (one notorious for money laundering and the other a disbarred lawyer) known as associates of murdered Melbourne lawyer/conman Max Green) were the main accusers against the Danes.
Conviction
In June 2001, a Lao court convicted both Kerry and Kay Danes of embezzlement, tax evasion and destruction of evidence, sentenced each to seven years imprisonment, and ordered them to pay fines and compensation of $AUD1.1 million. The Australian government intervened on their behalf, and the Danes had served less than a total of ten months in prison when provisionally released on 6 October 2001. Not yet permitted to leave the country, the Danes decamped at the residence of Australian ambassador to Laos, Jonathan Thwaites. Laos authorities returned cash seized from Kay Danes and bank account funds of almost $200,000 ordered frozen at the time of the Danes' arrest. However, it was expected that such monies would be used to pay fines and compensation.
Pardon
In large part due to Laos's strong ties with Australia, coupled with the fact that Kerry Danes was still enlisted as a full-time non-commissioned officer in the Australian Defence Force, the pair received a formal presidential pardon on 6 November 2001, which absolved them of their convictions. According to Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs Alexander Downer, the Danes were advised they were free to leave Laos and welcome to return at any time if they wished. The couple flew back to Australia, and Kerry Danes returned to military service.
Fines
As a condition of release in October 2001, the Danes agreed to pay the June 2001 court-ordered $AUD1.1 million in fines and compensation in four equal instalments. When told that the Lao government was considering court action for non-payment in August 2002, Kay Danes argued on ABC Local Radio that the agreement was simply a diplomatic face-saving exercise, and she felt that the Australian government should intervene on their behalf again because she would be "executed" if forced to return to Laos. The Australian Foreign Minister's press secretary advised that the issue was a private legal matter between the Laos government and the Danes. Australia was obligated to pass on any court order issued in Laos, however no official documents had been received by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.
Film
In 2013, the producers of The Bodhi Tree film considered buying an option on Kay Danes' 2009 memoir Standing Ground: An Imprisoned Couple's Struggle for Justice Against a Communist Regime but later decided to base the film on two novels by British journalist Paul Conroy. The Bodhi Tree concentrates on the main story of lawyer Max Green, Australia's biggest legal fraudster, who embezzled millions of dollars and was later murdered in Cambodia. The smaller supporting story fictionalises the Danes in Laos.
Kay Danes
Kay Frances Stewart was born in 1967 at Wynnum, Queensland. She married Australian soldier Kerry Danes and together they had three children, with the first being born in 1986 when Kay was either 18 or 19. After her husband took a civilian job twelve years later in Laos, Kay Danes followed and was engaged as his office manager. In her memoirs, Danes refers to herself as an adrenaline junkie and regarded Laos as an exciting adventure up until being jailed in December 2000.
Danes' online professional profile describes her as a Business Development & Marketing Director for a private security company (with her husband) since January 2002. Her "specialities include administration, project management, research and development". Prior to that, she was an office manager in Laos.
Thailand
At the start of Chapter 1 of her third memoir Families Behind Bars: Stories of Injustice, Endurance and Hope (2008), Kay Danes writes that she was also a director of a bodyguard company based in Thailand at the time she was detained in Laos in 2000. She claims to have hired out former elite military and police officers. Danes also asserts that she had access to the King of Thailand's own personal bodyguards, and she would sometimes provide close protection services to employers of her husband's security company in Laos. Opposite page 96 of her fourth memoir Standing Ground: An Imprisoned Couple's Struggle for Justice Against a Communist Regime (2009), Danes captions a picture of herself at Siem Reap airport on a covert surveillance assignment in 2000. Separately, Kay Danes' mother writes on page 43 of Families Behind Bars that Kay called her in Australia on Christmas Day 2000 on Kerry Danes' mobile phone after secretly concealing it during her first two days of imprisonment in Laos.
Laos Activism
Allegations
After the Australian government successfully negotiated a Lao presidential pardon in 2001 on their behalf, Kerry and Kay Danes returned to Australia with their monies intact. Kerry resumed Australian military service. Kay found herself "on a slippery slide of prescribed medications" for quite a few years. The Danes reportedly experienced and witnessed daily incidents of torture and ill-treatment by Laotian authorities. In 2002, the Australian government declined to intervene when it was suggested that the Laos government was considering court action for non-payment of the $AUD1.1 million in fines and compensation that the Danes had agreed to pay by instalments when their presidential pardon was negotiated. Affected with post-traumatic stress disorder and chronic depression, Kay Danes released her first memoir Deliver Us From Evil: Bad Things Do Happen to Good People in 2002.
Legitimacy
Danes was invited to speak the same year at the U.S. Congressional Forum on Laos in the United States House of Representatives and the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Having found an appreciative audience, she testified on numerous occasions on Capitol Hill, and spoke at the National Press Club about human rights violations and the plight of political and foreign prisoners held in Laos.
The sense of injustice can be a powerful motivational condition, causing people to take action not just to defend themselves but also others who they perceive to be unfairly treated. Danes continued writing and two more memoirs were released in 2006 and 2008. Danes testified in 2009 and 2011 at special sessions of the U.S. Congressional Forum on Laos. Kay provided information about the Vientiane prison that she and husband Kerry were released from in 2001. Such information was considered in the context of the 2007 imprisonment of three missing Hmong-Americans In 2009, Danes published her fourth Lao memoir Standing Ground: An Imprisoned Couple's Struggle for Justice Against a Communist Regime.
Publications
Kay Danes has published several memoirs based on her own personal experiences and observations. Her second memoir Nightmare in Laos : The True Story of a Woman Imprisoned in a Communist Gulag.Kay Danes has mentioned suffering from diagnosed Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Memoirs
Afghanistan
In October / November 2008, while Warrant Officer Kerry Danes was on a tour of duty with the Australian Army, his wife Kay took the opportunity to visit Afghanistan from Australia and travel in a Toyota Hiace van through war-torn countryside as part of a small group of five mixed-gender Rotarians under United States Marine Corps protection. In 2009, Kay Danes was named Citizen of the Year in her hometown. The following year, she published her fifth memoir Beneath the Pale Blue Burqa: One Woman's Journey Through Taliban Strongholds. Chapter 1 names three women and two men on an organised two-week road trip with an Afghanistani driver. On page 38, Kay Danes refers to herself as an adrenaline junkie. In the Acknowledgements, Danes writes how honoured she is being able to risk both life and limb on this adventure.
Saudi Arabia
In 2011, Kay Danes moved to Saudi Arabia when husband Kerry was deployed there with the Australian Defence Force. The following year, Kay was employed by the Australian government as an administrative assistant at its Embassy in Riyadh. In 2012, she was named State Finalist for Australian of the Year: an award conferred on an Australian citizen by the National Australia Day Council, a not-for-profit Australian Government owned social enterprise.
Australia
In 2014, Kay Frances Danes was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM) for social justice and human rights work. The same year, she left the workforce in Saudi Arabia to complete a Master of Human Rights degree online through Curtin University (WA), and to also take advantage of the travel opportunities of the Middle East. Danes relocated to Australia in January 2015 and commenced research for a PhD (Law and Justice) two years later at Southern Cross University (SCU), City of Gold Coast, Queensland. Her thesis "Exploring the evolving professionalisation of the Australian humanitarian sector" earned her a doctorate in 2020.
See also
Australians imprisoned or executed abroad
Phonthong Prison
Punishment in Laos
References
Australia–Laos relations
Australian people imprisoned abroad
Living people
Married couples
People from Redland City
Recipients of Laotian presidential pardons
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry%20and%20Kay%20Danes |
ECLA can refer to
European Company Lawyers Association
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, also abbreviated by UNECLAC or ECLAC now, previously called "United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America", or UNECLA.
European Classification, a patent classification.
European College of Liberal Arts, the former name of Bard College Berlin, a private college in Berlin, Germany
Emerson College Los Angeles
See also
ELCA | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECLA |
Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (NWDR; Northwest German Broadcasting) was the organization responsible for public broadcasting in the German Länder of Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and North Rhine-Westphalia from 22 September 1945 to 31 December 1955. Until 1954, it was also responsible for broadcasting in West Berlin. NWDR was a founder member of the consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany, the ARD.
On 1 January 1956, NWDR was succeeded by Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) and Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR).
History
Pre-war
Broadcasting in what was to become NWDR's post-war transmission area was initiated in the early 1920s:
On 2 May 1924, Nordische Rundfunk AG (NORAG) began broadcasting from Hamburg; the company was renamed Norddeutsche Rundfunk GmbH in November 1932.
On 10 October 1924, Westdeutsche Funkstunde AG (WEFAG) began broadcasting from Münster; the company was renamed Westdeutsche Rundfunk AG (WERAG) in 1926 and moved its base of operations to Cologne.
Both of these stations contributed programming to the national Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft (RRG), founded on 15 May 1925, in which the Deutsche Reichspost (post office) became the principal shareholder in 1926.
In 1933 the RRG was fully nationalized by the Nazi government and from 1 April 1934 the two stations broadcast as, respectively, the Reichssender Hamburg and the Reichssender Köln.
Reichssender Hamburg
From 1934 the north German station operated, under the name of Reichssender Hamburg, as an integral part of the national broadcasting organization RRG – now controlled by Joseph Goebbels's Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda and known from 1 January 1939 as Großdeutscher Rundfunk.
Externally, the Reichssender Hamburg transmitted propaganda material to listeners overseas – in particular to those living in the British Isles – and, during World War II, broadcast regular programming aimed at sapping the morale of the civilian population of the United Kingdom. Its most famous wartime broadcaster in English was William Joyce (popularly known, from his accent and speaking-manner, as "Lord Haw-Haw").
The Reichssender Hamburg was the last short-wave station to remain on the air in wartime Germany. Its substation in Flensburg, known as the Reichssender Flensburg, broadcast the last announcements from the headquarters of the German army, OKW, over local cable radio and announced the death of Adolf Hitler to the German people on 1 May 1945.
Post-war
All radio broadcasting ceased at the end of World War II and implementation of the Allied occupation of Germany.
In the British Zone of occupation, the military authorities quickly established a station known as "Radio Hamburg" to provide information to the population of the area. On 4 May 1945, transmission started with the announcement: "This is Radio Hamburg, a station of the Allied Military Government". The British Control Commission appointed Hugh Carleton Greene, on secondment from the BBC, to manage the creation of public service broadcasting in their Zone. On 22 September 1945, Radio Hamburg became Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk (NWDR), the single broadcasting organisation of the British Zone. The army unit allocated to run the station was part of REME Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers and its commander was Lt Col Paul Archibald Findlay.
Split
In February 1955, the Länder of the NWDR's area decided to look again at the regulation of broadcasting. North Rhine-Westphalia decided to establish its own broadcaster, whilst Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein continued with the existing system. To this end, the NWDR was split into two broadcasters - Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) in the north and Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR) in North Rhine-Westphalia.
NDR continued to operate out of Hamburg, whilst the WDR was established in Cologne. The split was effective from 1 January 1956, although the station NWDR1 remained a joint operation with regional opt-outs.
The NWDR television service also remained a joint operation, from 1 April 1956 under the name Nord- und Westdeutscher Rundfunkverband (North and West German Broadcasting Federation - NWRV). The NDR and the WDR launched separate television services for their area in 1961.
Stations
In 1955, the NWDR had three radio stations:
NWDR1 – a station for the whole NWDR area, broadcast over FM and mediumwave.
NWDR2 (or NWDR North) – a regional station on FM for north Germany, broadcast from Hamburg.
NWDR3 (or NWDR West) – a regional program on FM for North Rhine-Westphalia, broadcast from Cologne.
NWDR was also the most active participant in ARD's Das Erste, the joint German public television service.
See also
NDR Chor
NDR Elbphilharmonie Orchestra
NDR Radiophilharmonie
References
External links
Research Centre for the History of Broadcasting in Northern Germany
Hans-Ulrich Wagner, Return in Uniform. Walter Albert Eberstadt and the Beginning of Radio Hamburg, in: Key Documents of German-Jewish History, August 7, 2017.
German radio networks
Defunct radio stations in Germany
Television channels and stations established in 1952
Television channels and stations disestablished in 1955
Defunct television channels in Germany
1945 establishments in Germany
1955 disestablishments in Germany
ARD (broadcaster) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordwestdeutscher%20Rundfunk |
"No Wedding Bells for Him" is a short story by British author P. G. Wodehouse, which first appeared in the United States in the October 1923 issue of Cosmopolitan, and in the United Kingdom in the November 1923 Strand. It features the irrepressible Stanley Featherstonehaugh Ukridge, and was included in the collection Ukridge, published in 1924.
Plot
Ukridge and Corky run into a friend of Ukridge's, a chauffeur driving a shiny new Daimler, and he offers to take them for a ride. Along the way they are seen by a creditor of Ukridge's, who they shake off, and almost hit a young girl, who Ukridge insists they drive to her home near Clapham Common. He befriends her family, who are impressed by the car and Ukridge's famous Aunt Julia.
When Corky meets Ukridge a week later in the British Museum, he is accompanied by two children. He reveals he has been visiting the house, mainly for the free food, and promising to take the family out on trips in his friend's car, which they believe to be his, and to introduce them to his aunt, who, he reveals, has disowned him, in a letter which states "from now on, I have no nephew".
Returning from short holiday, Corky hears from George Tupper that Ukridge is engaged. Visiting his friend, he finds him with a black eye, and hears the tale of how Ukridge found himself inadvertently engaged to the girl from Clapham Common, and got punched by a rival suitor named Finch. As they talk on Ukridge's doorstep, the creditor from the car ride arrives, and Ukridge hides. A friendly passer-by soothes the enraged creditor, arguing that he knows where Ukridge lives; Ukridge moves out of his house, remarking on the good fortune that led him to use the pseudonym "Mr. Smallweed" when dealing with the man.
Ukridge and Corky form a plot to get Ukridge out of the engagement by feigning ill-health, but as Corky is delivering his speech to the family, the passer-by arrives. He is George Finch, Ukridge's rival for the girl; he reveals that Ukridge is an impoverished imposter, in fact called Smallweed, and produces the creditor to prove it. He also bears a letter from Ukridge's aunt, claiming that she has no nephew. Once Corky has paid off the debt to the creditor, the two are chased from the house.
Main characters
Stanley Featherstonehaugh Ukridge, the irrepressible entrepreneur
Julia Ukridge, his haughty writer aunt
Jimmy Corcoran, Ukridge's writer friend
George Tupper, an old schoolfriend of Ukridge and Corcoran
Frederick, a chauffeur, a friend of Ukridge
Mabel Price, a girl Ukridge meets on the road
Mr Price, her doting father
Ernie Finch, her admirer, a resourceful man
Mr Grindlay, a man Ukridge owes money to, who knows him only as "Mr Smallweed"
Publication history
The story was illustrated by T. D. Skidmore in Cosmopolitan. It was illustrated by Reginald Cleaver in the Strand.
"No Wedding Bells for Him" was included in the 1932 collection Nothing But Wodehouse, edited by Ogden Nash and published by Doubleday, Doran & Company. It was included in Week-End Wodehouse (UK edition), first published by Herbert Jenkins Limited in 1939. It was also collected in The World of Ukridge, published in October 1975 by Barrie & Jenkins.
Adaptations
"No Wedding Bells for Him" was adapted for radio in 1956, with Michael Shepley as Ukridge, Hubert Gregg as Corcoran, Olaf Pooley as Frederick, Jeffrey Segal as Mr Grindley, Mairhi Russell as Mabel Price, and Brewster Mason as Tupper.
It was adapted for the television series The World of Wodehouse. The episode, titled "The Wedding Bells", aired in 1968, and included the character Looney Coote (from "The Long Arm of Looney Coote").
See also
List of Wodehouse's Ukridge stories
References
Notes
Sources
Short stories by P. G. Wodehouse
1923 short stories
Works originally published in Cosmopolitan (magazine) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Wedding%20Bells%20for%20Him |
Copydex is a common latex-based rubber cement in the UK. It can be easily recognised by its characteristic "fishy" odour. It has been owned since 1986 by Henkel.
Uses
Also known as "fishy glue" this contact adhesive is commonly used when sticking a variety of materials, such as paper, board, upholstery, and carpet. It is used widely by model makers as a "mask" to protect areas during airbrushing. It can be used as an alternative to Table Tennis glue. Copydex is also frequently used to apply false eyelashes in the theatre to make sure they stay on during entire performances.
Composition
Unlike many other rubber cements, it consists of latex dissolved in water. As such it is relatively non-toxic and so is frequently used in primary schools. It also contains ammonia to stabilise the rubber solution. This is the source of its characteristic smell.
References
Adhesives | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copydex |
List of handball clubs in England sorted by England Handball Association (EHA) league:
2023 onward
Men's senior competitions
EHA Premier League
EHA Regional Leagues (RL)
Women's senior competitions
EHA Premier League
EHA Regional Leagues (RL)
2012 to 2023
Men's Clubs
Men's Super 8 English National League
The 2012/13 season saw the introduction of the Men's Super 8 English National League consisting of the top eight teams in England.
Championship North
Teams for the 2016/17 season:
Bolton Hussars
Deva HC
Liverpool HC
Manchester HC
University of Loughborough
Championship South
Teams for the 2016/17 season:
Brighton Seahawks
Carshalton Titans
Cranfield
Islington
Oly Cats
Poole Phoenix
South West Regional Development League
Teams for the 2016/17 season:
Bath Bombs HC
Bristol HC
Poole Phoenix - 2nd VII
Reading Lions
Southampton University
South Wales Handball
Stroud
University of Bath
South East Regional Development League
Teams for 2016/17 season:
Tier 1
Cambridge HC 2nd Team
London GD HC 2nd Team
Olympia (London) HC 2nd Team
Thames HC
West London Eagles 2nd Team
Tier 2A
Essex Handball Club
Medway HC
Norwich HC
University of Kent
Tier 2B
Chelsea HC
Islington HC 2nd Team
Newham Flames
Oxford University
Midlands Regional Development League
Teams for 2016/17 season:
Coventry Sharks 2nd Team
Nottingham 2nd Team
University of Birmingham HC
University of Lincoln HC
University of Loughborough HC
Warwick University HC
North Regional Development League
Teams for 2016/17 season:
Leeds Carnegie Handball Club
Liverpool Speke Garston
Manchester HC 2nd Team
Newcastle Vikings
Sunderland Handball Club
University of Leeds
Women's Clubs
Women's Premier Handball League
Teams for 2016/17
Cambridge HC
Coventry Sharks
London Angels
London GD Handball Club
NEM Hawks
Olympia HC
West London Eagles HC
South West Regional Development League
Teams for the 2016/17 season
Bristol HC
Poole Phoenix
Reading Lionesses
Southampton University
Stroud
University of Bath
North Regional Development League
Teams for 2016/17 season
Leeds Carnegie Handball Club
Liverpool HC
Manchester HC
Newcastle Vikings
Peninsula
University of Leeds
Midlands Regional Development League
Teams for 2016/17 season
Cranfield
University of Birmingham HC
University of Loughborough HC
University of Loughborough HC 2nd team
Warwick University HC
South East Regional Development League
Teams for 2016/17 season
Tier 1
Islington
London GD HC 2nd Team
Medway Dragons
Olympia (London) HC 2nd Team
Oxford University
Tier 2
Brighton HC
Chelsea HC
Norwich HC
University of Kent
Community Based
Aberystwyth
Brighton Handball Club
Cardiff
City of Nottingham Handball Club
Coventry
Eastbourne
Gedling
Islington Handball Club
Chelsea Handball Club
Newcastle Vikings
Poole Phoenix
Peterborough
Reading
South Birmingham Handball Club
Stansted Supers
Stroud Handball Club
Swansea
Urban Handball
York
Shropshire Handball
Trafford Handball
University Based
Bath Bombs HC
Bournemouth
Brighton
Brunel
Cambridge University Handball Club
Coventry
Edge
Edinburgh
Essex
Huddersfield
Imperial College London
Lancaster
Leeds
Loughborough
Middlesex University
Newcastle
Northumbria
University of Portsmouth
Royal Holloway
Sheffield Hallam
Sunderland
University of Bath
University of Birmingham
University of Chichester
University College London
Warwick
Westminster Handball Club
Defunct
The Hull Handball League
Handball is known to have been played in Hull from 1958 to 1962. The clubs known to have competed in the league are
Asbestos
Crawford Sports
Hull Boys Club
Other Former Clubs
Bebbington Boys
Brentwood '72
Coventry folded in 1983. A new club with the same name was established in 2012
Harrow Tech
Ipswich, has now been re established within ipswich
John Quinn (Sheffield)
Leicester '73
Leicester Computer
Leigh
Killingworth Braves (Newcastle)
Milton Keynes 1980
Kingston Polytechnic
Nuneaton Newdigate
Nuneaton Tech
Rose Heath
Wakefield Metros
Whitchurch (Bristol)
Wolverhampton Polytechnic '83
References
http://eharesults.weebly.com/index.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20110311203607/http://www.englandhandball.com/handball/index.cfm/info-point/find-a-team/
External links
England Handball Association
Handball Blog
England sport-related lists
Handball
England
Handball
Lists of organisations based in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20handball%20clubs%20in%20England |
Old Alresford ( or ) is a village and civil parish in Hampshire, England. It is north of the town of New Alresford, northeast of the city of Winchester, and south-west of the town of Alton.
Alresford Pond is a large water feature south of Old Alresford and north of New Alresford.
In 1851, George Sumner, son of Charles Richard Sumner (Bishop of Winchester), became rector of the parish. There his wife, Mary Sumner, started the Mothers' Union, now a global organisation of Anglican women. The first meetings were held in the rectory, now a conference centre known as Old Alresford Place.
In 1986, following the closure of the village school and post office, The Old Alresford Dramatic Society (T.O.A.D.S.) was founded as a way of bringing the village together. They perform a pantomime in December each year and a Spring Show, usually in May.
St Mary the Virgin parish church is a brick building dating from the 1750s. The naval hero George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney, is buried in the church. His family seat, Old Alresford House, is next to the church. Also in the churchyard is the mausoleum of C. F. G. R. Schwerdt, an art collector, who died in 1939.
References
External links
Villages in Hampshire
City of Winchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Alresford |
UPN Kids was an American children's programming block that aired on UPN from September 10, 1995 to September 5, 1999. Airing on Sunday mornings, the block aired for one hour (10:00 to 11:00 am), then two hours the following year (9:00 to 11:00 a.m., regardless of time zone).
History
UPN Kids launched on September 10, 1995 with a one-hour block of cartoons consisting of Space Strikers and Teknoman. It was a joint partnership between UPN and Saban Entertainment. Unlike NBC, ABC, CBS, Fox and The WB (the latter of which debuted its own children's program block, Kids' WB, the day before UPN Kids made its debut), UPN ran its weekend morning children's programs on Sundays instead of Saturdays. This was likely due to several UPN affiliates in large markets also dually carrying the Fox Kids block for newer Fox stations (especially those of New World Communications; the former Fox affiliates in those markets mainly also retained the Fox Kids schedule) on Saturday mornings, who is not carrying Fox Kids to instead expand Saturday morning newscasts or retain other local programming. This eventually proved to be a conflict for UPN, as the more well-known Fox Kids block was given primacy in advertising and promotions by those affiliates (including the continuation of the local children's Fox Kids fan clubs run by those stations) over UPN's unproven children's programming.
On September 8, 1996, UPN Kids expanded the block to 2 hours with four new programs, which consist of Jumanji, The Mouse and the Monster, The Incredible Hulk and Bureau of Alien Detectors. In 1997, UPN incorporated live-action series aimed at teenagers, along with the animated shows targeted at a younger audience, with the addition of reruns of the syndicated dramedy series Sweet Valley High (based on the young adult novels by Francine Pascal) and a new comedy series, Breaker High (focused on a group of students attending a fictionalized Semester at Sea program, which featured a then-unknown Ryan Gosling among its main cast).
In January 1998, UPN began discussions with The Walt Disney Company (owner of rival network ABC) to have the company program a daily two-hour children's block for the network;, however, attempts to reach a time-lease agreement deal with Disney were called off one week later due to a dispute between Disney and UPN over how the block would be branded and the amount of programming compliant with the Federal Communications Commission's educational programming regulations that Disney would provide for the block. UPN then entered into discussions with then-corporate sister Nickelodeon (both were owned by Viacom). UPN had an agreement with Saban Entertainment – the distributor of Sweet Valley High and Breaker High – to program the Sunday morning block for at least one year shows such as Fantastic Four, Iron Man, X-Men, Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends, Spider-Man and Beetleborgs soon joined the schedule. During this time, the block was promoted as The UPN Kids Action Zone.
In March 1998, UPN resumed discussions with Disney and the following month, The Walt Disney Company agreed to develop a weekday and Sunday morning children's block for the network. A new lineup, which was developed as a companion block to Disney's One Saturday Morning on ABC, was originally announced under the title "Whomptastic" (a title quickly discarded because it was used as an in-universe profanity replacement in Disney's animated series Recess), before being retitled as Disney's One Too. UPN Kids aired for the last time on September 5, 1999, and was replaced by Disney's One Too the following day.
Programming
Former programming
Animated series
Bureau of Alien Detectors (1996–1997)
The Incredible Hulk (1996– 1999)
Incredible Hulk & Friends (1998–1999)-Sunday, anthology series - mixed episodes of the following Marvel shows:
The Incredible Hulk
Fantastic Four
Iron Man
Jumanji (1996– 1998)
The Mouse and the Monster (1996–1997)
Spider-Man (1998–1999)
Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends (1998–1999)
X-Men (1998–1999)
Live-action series
Sweet Valley High (1997–1998)
Beetleborgs (1998–1999)
Acquired series
Breaker High (1997–1998) (live-action)
Space Strikers (1995-1996)
Teknoman (1995-1996)
References
Children's television networks in the United States
Joint ventures
Television channels and stations established in 1995
Television channels and stations disestablished in 1999
Television networks in the United States
Television programming blocks in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPN%20Kids |
Boston By Foot is a non-profit organization offering guided architectural and historical tours of Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1976, Boston By Foot offers daily scheduled tours from May through October. Tours are conducted by a trained corps of over 200 volunteers. As of 2007, more than 210,000 residents and visitors from around the world have participated in Boston By Foot tours.
Regular tours
Beacon Hill
Boston By Little Feet - children's tour
The Dark Side of Boston
The Heart of the Freedom Trail
Literary Landmarks
The North End
Reinventing Boston: A City Engineered
Road to Revolution
Victorian Back Bay
Lecture Series and docent training
Each spring, Boston By Foot offers a six-week Lecture Series. Each Saturday session features a lecturer (experienced architects, historians, and engineers) as well as an afternoon field trip. It is open to the public and required for those wishing to become a volunteer guide.
Colonial Boston
Federal Boston
Victorian Boston
Contemporary Boston
Subterranean Boston
Awards
Boston By Foot has received several honors including: Honorary Membership, American Institute of Architects 2003; Best Tour of Boston 1999, Boston Magazine; Institute Honors, American Institute of Architects, 1996; Commonwealth Award, Boston Society of Architects, 1986; Honorary Membership, Boston Society of Architects, 1982; Editor's Pick, Yankee Magazine, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002; Volunteer Recognition, The New England, 1997.
See also
History of Boston, Massachusetts
References
External links
Boston By Foot official webpage
American Institute of Architects official website
Organizations based in Boston
Non-profit organizations based in Boston | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston%20By%20Foot |
"Hello" is the third & final single from Ice Cube's sixth studio album War & Peace Vol. 2 (The Peace Disc). The song is an N.W.A reunion with his former groupmates Dr. Dre and MC Ren.
The song can be found as a bonus track, along with "Chin Check", on the N.W.A Greatest Hits album, and appeared on Ice Cube's Greatest Hits compilation album in 2001. It also mentions the rapper Eazy-E and the record company that he used, Ruthless Records. The chorus features a line taken from "The Watcher", which was written by Eminem and released on Dr. Dre's album, 2001.
Charts
Music video
The music video has similar scenes to the N.W.A's music video of "Alwayz into Somethin'".
References
2000 singles
Ice Cube songs
MC Ren songs
Dr. Dre songs
N.W.A songs
Songs written by Ice Cube
Songs written by MC Ren
Songs written by Dr. Dre
Songs written by Eminem
Songs written by Snoop Dogg
Song recordings produced by Dr. Dre
Gangsta rap songs
2000 songs
G-funk songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello%20%28Ice%20Cube%20song%29 |
Ettal is a German municipality and a village in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen in Bavaria.
Geography
Ettal is situated in the Oberland area in the Graswangtal between the Loisachtal and Ammertal, approx. 10 km north of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, the district capital, and approx. 4 km southwest of Oberammergau.
Division of the town
The town consists of 5 districts
Ettal
Graswang
Linderhof
Dickelschwaig
Rahm
See also
Ettal Abbey
References
External links
Official site
Garmisch-Partenkirchen (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ettal |
Richard Green Waterhouse (24 December 1855 – 9 December 1922) was a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, elected in 1910.
Family
Richard was born near Spring City, Rhea County, Tennessee, the son of Franklin and Lorinda Rachel (Thompson) Waterhouse. He was twice married. His first wife was Carrie Steele of Crystal Springs, Mississippi, whom he married 3 February 1887. They had one child, a daughter, Edith. Mrs. Carrie Steele Waterhouse died 11 September 1891. Rev. Waterhouse then married Mrs. Mary Thomas Carriger of Morristown, Tennessee 10 October 1894. They had two sons, Richard and Leon. Mary Carriger had two sons from her first marriage, Wesley Carroll and Herbert Michael Carriger, who Rev. Waterhouse raised as his own.
Education
Richard was educated in the local and high schools of his community. He attended Hiwassee College, and graduated from Emory and Henry College in 1885.
Ordained ministry
Richard was converted to the Christian faith in 1873. He was Licensed to Preach in 1878 and admitted to the Holston Annual Conference of the M.E.Church, South. He served the Altamont and Spencer Mission, and Jonesboro. He was then appointed Junior Preacher on the Abingdon Circuit, serving for four years. This was followed by two years on the Radford District.
Academic Ministry
In 1892 Rev. Waterhouse was elected Professor of Mental and Moral Science in Emory and Henry College. He was elected President of the College in 1893. Refusing to allow an increase of his salary, he never received more than $1,300.00 per year during the seventeen years he served. President Waterhouse gave himself to the elimination of the College's debt, and to rebuilding for the new demands then facing the M.E. Church, South in the field of college education.
President Waterhouse soon became widely known among the educators of the Church, South. He was in great demand as a speaker. He became known also as one of the most powerful preachers of the connection. He was elected a delegate to the General Conferences of 1894-1910.
Episcopal ministry
Rev. Waterhouse was elected to the Episcopacy at the 1910 General Conference of the M.E. Church, South. His first assignment as Bishop was to the Pacific Coast. He moved to Los Angeles and served that area four years.
By the end of his first quadrennium as Bishop, his health showed serious impairment and continued to decline. He moved to Emory, where he was well loved and honored by his neighbors and his home Annual Conference. He took the superannuation relationship in 1918.
Retirement and death
In the fall of 1922, the Waterhouses moved to Knoxville, Tennessee to be near both of their sons. Bishop Waterhouse had grown rather feeble, but kept up his effort to recover, taking regular exercises. On 7 December 1922, while thus engaged, walking on a street on a gloomy afternoon, Bishop Waterhouse was struck by a motorist and fatally injured. He was hurried to a hospital, but did not regain consciousness.
Bishop Waterhouse died 9 December 1922. He was buried at Emory, Virginia two days later on 11 December 1922.
Selected writings
Address: The Challenge of the Great West, Second Missionary Conference, 1913.
References
Leete, Frederick DeLand, Methodist Bishops. Nashville, The Methodist Publishing House, 1948.
Sketches of Holston Preachers
See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South
American Methodist Episcopal, South bishops
Emory and Henry College faculty
Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
Emory and Henry College alumni
Road incident deaths in Tennessee
Pedestrian road incident deaths
Burials in Virginia
1855 births
1922 deaths
People from Rhea County, Tennessee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Green%20Waterhouse |
Jika Jika may refer to places in Victoria, Australia:
Another name of Billibellary
A unit of HM Prison Pentridge
Electoral district of Jika Jika
Jika Jika Province, an electoral district
the Shire of Jika Jika, a former name of the City of Preston (Victoria) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jika%20Jika |
"The Long Arm of Looney Coote" is a short story by P. G. Wodehouse, which first appeared in the United States in the November 1923 issue of Cosmopolitan, and in the United Kingdom in the December 1923 Strand. It features the irrepressible Stanley Featherstonehaugh Ukridge, and was included in the collection Ukridge, published in 1924.
Plot
Corky runs into Looney Coote at Sandown Park Racecourse, where the latter has had some luck on the horses but lost his wallet; we hear of the impending dinner of Wrykyn Old Boys. There, after heavily endorsing a bookmaking business he has become a silent partner in, Ukridge hears that his old pal Boko Lawlor is standing for Parliament in the forthcoming by-election at Redbridge, and goes down to help. He sends Corky many telegrams detailing the successes of the campaign, and persuades him to pen a song to help the cause.
Corky meets Coote again, and hears that his expensive new car has been stolen. Sending Coote on his way to Scotland Yard to report the theft, Corky heads down to Redbridge to see how his song is going down. Dragged out to canvas, he finds that the situation is not as simple as Ukridge implied - the seat is very close and could go either way. Boko reveals that Ukridge is pivotal to the campaign, and worries that any scandal concerning Ukridge could ruin his chances.
At a large and important meeting, Corky steps out into a corridor for some peace, where he meets a police officer who is clearly antagonistic to Lawlor. Hearing the man plans to arrest Ukridge for stealing a car, Corky tries to stop him, but fails - he announces Ukridge is under arrest to the mob, who turn on Lawlor.
Back in London, Ukridge berates Looney Coote for reporting his car stolen, despite Ukridge leaving a note to say he was borrowing it. Of course, the note is still in the great man's pocket. Looney is happy, however, having been inspired by the incident to bet heavily on a horse named "Stolen Goods". On Ukridge's advice, he used Ukridge's bookmaker friend, who was bankrupted by Looney's large win and is looking for Urkridge to share the loss with.
Main characters
Stanley Featherstonehaugh Ukridge, the irrepressible entrepreneur
Jimmy Corcoran, Ukridge's writer friend
George Tupper, an old schoolfriend of Ukridge and Corcoran
"Looney" Coote, another old schoolfriend, a superstitious chap
"Boko" Lawlor, a schoolfriend standing for Parliament
Publication history
"The Long Arm of Looney Coote" was illustrated by T. D. Skidmore in Cosmopolitan. It was illustrated by Reginald Cleaver in the Strand.
It was collected in The World of Ukridge, published in October 1975 by Barrie & Jenkins.
Adaptations
The story was adapted for radio in 1956, with Michael Shepley as Ukridge, Hubert Gregg as Corcoran, Rolf Lefebvre as Looney Coote, and Olaf Pooley as Boko Lawlor. Other roles were voiced by Manning Wilson, George Merritt, and Charles Hodgson.
The character Looney Coote appeared in an episode of the television series The World of Wodehouse, "The Wedding Bells", which aired in 1968.
A 1993 radio adaptation of the story featured Griff Rhys Jones as Ukridge, Robert Bathurst as Corky, Adam Godley as Tupper, Simon Godley as Beamish, Dougal Lee as Bowles and Boko Lawlor, and Julian Dutton as Looney Coote. The story was adapted by Julian Dutton.
See also
List of Wodehouse's Ukridge stories
References
Notes
Sources
Short stories by P. G. Wodehouse
1923 short stories
Works originally published in Cosmopolitan (magazine) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Long%20Arm%20of%20Looney%20Coote |
Derrick Scott Alexander (born November 6, 1971) is a former American football wide receiver. He played college football at the University of Michigan from 1989 to 1993 where he was selected as a first-team All-Big Ten receiver in both 1992 and 1993. He was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the first round of the 1994 NFL Draft and played nine seasons in the National Football League (NFL) with the Cleveland Browns (1994–1995), Baltimore Ravens (1996–1997), Kansas City Chiefs (1998–2001), and Minnesota Vikings (2002). In 2000, he set a Kansas City Chiefs single-season record with 1,391 receiving yards. He is currently employed as the head coach at Avila University in Kansas City, Missouri.
Early years
Alexander was born in Detroit in 1971. He attended Benedictine High School where he competed in football, basketball, track, and baseball. In basketball, he played at the forward position, averaged 19 points per game, and received second-team All-Catholic honors in 1989. In track, he ran 4.4 in the 40-yard dash, won the Class B Michigan championship in the 200-meter, finished second in the Class B long jump, and won the Catholic League finals in the 100-meter sprint. Alexander's father, John, encouraged him to concentrate on one sport, but his mother, Marion, encouraged him to compete in multiple sports: "If he's playing sports he can't be running the streets and getting into trouble."
Alexander had his greatest success in football. At Benedictine, he played at the running back, wide receiver, and safety positions and also returned punts and kickoffs. As a senior, he tallied 877 rushing yards (13.9 yards per carry) and over 1,000 receiving yards on 40 receptions. After his senior season, he was selected by the Detroit Free Press as a first-team player on its Class B all-state team and its 1988 All-Catholic team.
In January 1989, Alexander was rated No. 2 on the Detroit Free Press "Fab 50" list of the top football prospects in the State of Michigan. His mother expressed surprise at the recruiting process: "Every college you can think of has called. I know he had a lot of athletic ability, but I guess I am surprised at how much attention he is getting. This is unbelievable to me." He signed with Michigan in February 1989.
University of Michigan
1989–1991
Alexander enrolled at the University of Michigan in the fall of 1989. As a freshman, he caught six passes for 107 yards and one touchdown.
Prior to his sophomore season, Alexander was awarded Michigan's No. 1 jersey previously worn by the school's top receivers. Alexander responded with a strong performance, catching 31 passes for 450 yards and six touchdowns. He also returned 13 kickoffs for an average of 27.8 yards per return.
In the 1991 season opener against Boston College, Alexander was tackled by his left knee on a kickoff return and sustained a tear of his anterior cruciate ligament and ripped knee cartilage. He underwent arthroscopic surgery and missed the remainder of the 1991 season.
1992 season
Alexander returned from the injury in 1992 as a redshirt junior. He totaled 50 receptions for 740 yards and 11 receiving touchdowns, rushed for 60 yards and a touchdown, and returned 26 punts for an average of 14.3 yards and two touchdowns. Against Minnesota on October 24, he caught seven Elvis Grbac passes for 130 yards and set a Michigan record with four touchdown catches. At the end of the season, he was selected by the Associated Press (AP) as a first-team receiver on the 1992 All-Big Ten Conference football team and a third-team player on the All-America team.
1993 season
As a redshirt senior in 1993, he totaled 35 receptions for 621 yards and four touchdowns and returned 16 punts for an average of 10.2 yards and two touchdowns. For the second time, he was selected by the AP as a first-team receiver on the 1993 All-Big Ten Conference football team.
Against Illinois on October 23, he caught seven Todd Collins passes for 188 yards and two touchdowns. His 90-yard touchdown reception stood as the longest completion in Michigan football history until Mario Manningham surpassed it with a 97-yard reception on November 10, 2007 at Wisconsin.
In the 1994 Hall of Fame Bowl, Alexander's last game for Michigan, he returned a punt for a touchdown. It was the first kick or punt return for a touchdown in a bowl game by a Michigan player.
Career statistics
Alexander concluded his Michigan career having appeared in 44 games with 125 receptions for 1,977 yards, 22 touchdowns, and an average of 15.8 yards per reception. He returned 42 punts for 534 yards (12.7-yard average) and four touchdowns.
Professional football
Cleveland Browns
Alexander was selected by the Cleveland Browns in the first round (29th overall pick) of the 1994 NFL Draft. As a rookie, he led the Browns with 48 receptions for 828 yards. With Bill Belichick as head coach, Vinny Testaverde at quarterback, Alexander at wide receiver, and Leroy Hoard at running back, the 1994 Browns compiled an 11–5 record. After the season, Alexander was named to the 1994 NFL All-Rookie Team.
Following a strong rookie season, Alexander fell into disfavor with coach Belichick in 1995. One writer joked that Alexander "was so deep in Coach Bill's doghouse that he was being served Alpo at team meals." He started only two games, tallying 15 receptions for 216 yards. His lone touchdown of the season came on a 69-yard punt return against the Buffalo Bills.
Baltimore Ravens
Following the 1995 season, the Browns moved to Baltimore and became the Ravens. Under new head coach Ted Marchibroda, Alexander regained his role as a starter and tallied 62 receptions for 1,099 yards. His average of 17.7 yards per catch was sixth best in the NFL. On December 2, 1996, he caught seven passes for 198 yards (including 166 yards in the second quarter) against the Pittsburgh Steelers and was named AFC Offensive Player of the Week.
Alexander had his second consecutive 1,000-yard season in 1997. He also had the longest reception in the NFL that year—a 92-yard touchdown catch against the Seattle Seahawks on December 7.
As of 2006, he was the Ravens' all-time leader in yards-per reception (16.6). He also had the most 100-yard receiving games in Ravens history, as well as the longest pass reception.
Kansas City Chiefs
As a free agent in March 1998, Alexander signed a five-year, $17.5 million contract with the Kansas City Chiefs. At Kansas City, Alexander was reunited with his college quarterback Elvis Grbac. During the 1998 season, Alexander led the Chiefs with 992 receiving yards and averaged 18.4 yards per reception.
In 1999, started 15 games for the Chiefs and caught 54 passes for 832 yards.
Alexander had the best season of his career in 2000. Starting all 16 games, he caught 74 passes for 1,391 yards, an average of 17.8 yards per game. His 1,391 receiving yards set a Chiefs single-season record that stood until 2018.
An Achilles injury hampered Alexander's performance in 2001. He finished the season with 27 receptions for 470 yards.
Minnesota Vikings
As a free agent in 2002, Alexander signed a $5.1 million, three-year contract with the Minnesota Vikings. He tore the anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee in mid-November and underwent surgery the later that month. He missed the remainder of the season, finishing his year with 14 receptions for 134 yards and one touchdown.
Alexander was unable to run until July 2003. He attempted a comeback with the Vikings but was released on August 12, 2003.
Retirement
On July 22, 2005, he signed a one-day ceremonial contract with the Chiefs to retire as a Chief. He ended his NFL career having appeared in 126 games with 417 receptions for 6,971 yards and 40 touchdowns. He also had 210 rushing yards, one rushing touchdown and a punt return for a touchdown.
NFL career statistics
Coaching career
After his playing career, Alexander worked from 2006 to 2011 as an information technology systems analyst for the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. He next worked as a systems engineer for Cerner Corporation from 2011 to 2015.
He later participated in the NFL Players Association's coaching internship program. In 2015, he coached wide receivers at Wilmington College in Ohio. He later served from 2016 to 2018 as the offensive coordinator and wide receivers coach at Avila University in Kansas City.
In March 2019, he was hired as an assistant on former teammate Tyrone Wheatley's coaching staff at Morgan State University. Alexander is the team's pass game coordinator and wide receivers coach.
Alexander was hired by Avila University to be the team's head football coach for the 2023 season.
Head coaching record
See also
Lists of Michigan Wolverines football receiving leaders
References
External links
Avila profile
Wayne State (MI) profile
Morgan State profile
1971 births
African-American players of American football
American football wide receivers
Baltimore Ravens players
Cleveland Browns players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Living people
Michigan Wolverines football players
Minnesota Vikings players
Players of American football from Detroit
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople
Wilmington Quakers football coaches
Avila Eagles football coaches
Morgan State Bears football coaches
Wayne State Warriors football coaches
African-American coaches of American football | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derrick%20Alexander%20%28wide%20receiver%29 |
Close to Home () is a 2005 Israeli drama film directed by Dalia Hager and Vidi Bilu, and starring Smadar Sayar and Naama Schedar. It is the first film about the experience of female soldiers in the Israel Defense Forces.
Smadar (Sayar) and Mirit (Schendar), both 18 years old, are assigned to patrol the streets of Jerusalem together as part of their military service. Worlds apart in their personality, their initial frosty relationship becomes a friendship as they deal with their own emotional issues, the crushes and break-ups in their love lives, as well as the political realities of the city in which they live.
The film premiered at the 2005 Jerusalem Film Festival. It also showed at the 56th Berlin International Film Festival where it was awarded a prize by the International Association of Art Film Houses.
See also
Women's cinema
References
External links
UK distributor Soda Pictures
Official UK Myspace
Close to Home - Karov Labait
2000s Hebrew-language films
2005 films
2005 drama films
Films about the Israel Defense Forces
Films set in Jerusalem
Israeli drama films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close%20to%20Home%20%28film%29 |
Christopher John Hughes (born 14 August 1947) is an English television personality and one of Britain's leading quizzers.
Biography
Hughes was born in Enfield, Middlesex, and educated at Enfield Grammar School. He worked as a train driver and railway worker. He has been a winner of Mastermind (1983), International Mastermind (1983) and Brain of Britain, 2005. He is one of only seven people ever to have won both Mastermind and Brain of Britain, the others being Roger Pritchard, Kevin Ashman, Pat Gibson, Geoff Thomas, Ian Bayley, and Clive Dunning.
He also appeared on The Weakest Link on 24 September 2001, and was voted out in the final elimination round without answering a single question incorrectly during the whole show, having been named the strongest link in six of the seven elimination rounds. Host Anne Robinson declared Hughes to be "the best contestant we have had on the Weakest Link" and opted not to use her signature "you are the Weakest Link, goodbye!" catchphrase, instead simply saying "goodbye Chris". He appeared on the show again in March 2012 in The Weakest Link Quiz Show Champions Edition. He helped to bank a total of £7,750, including the maximum £1000 target (which was trebled) in round 8 playing alongside Stephanie Bruce. Hughes lost out in the head-to-head with 3 correct answers to Bruce's 4 out of 4.
He is currently a member of the regular panel of quiz experts on the UK television show Eggheads.
As of 2010, he lives in Crewe, Cheshire.
Bibliography
References
External links
1947 births
Living people
Contestants on British game shows
People from Ponders End
People educated at Enfield Grammar School
People from Crewe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Hughes%20%28quiz%20contestant%29 |
Crackpots is an Atari 2600 game designed by Dan Kitchen and published by Activision in 1983. It was Kitchen's first game for Activision; he later did a number of ports to the 2600, including the arcade games Kung Fu Master and Double Dragon.
In Crackpots, the player controls Potsy, a gardener. Potsy's Brooklyn building is being overrun by bugs trying to climb inside six windows. The player moves Potsy back and forth along the roof to drop pots on the bugs before they can get close enough to enter the windows.
Gameplay
Each level consists of four waves of twelve bugs each; defeat all four waves and the player will move on to a more difficult and faster-paced level. Play then resumes until the building crumbles to the ground. If six or more bugs enter through the open windows, part of the building will be eaten away, and you will have to replay the level. The patterns vary for different colored bugs. Black bugs will move straight up the building, blue bugs wiggle from left to right, red bugs move diagonally, and green bugs zig-zag between windows.
Reception
A review in the November 1983 issue of Videogaming and Computer Gaming Illustrated stated, "I think Activision has finally reached the point of saturation with the Kaboom! theme of having to catch or toss objects," but still gave the game a letter grade of B.
In a retrospective look, the Video Game Critic gave a letter grade of C: "It's a shame Crackpots only has one skill level because once you get the hang of it, the game tends to run long. Still, sharp graphics and thoughtful gameplay make this one worth a look."
Legacy
Crackpots was included in the compilation packages Activision Classics (1998) for the PlayStation and the Activision Anthology (2002) for the PlayStation 2.
See also
List of Atari 2600 games
List of Activision games: 1980–1999
References
External links
Crackpots at Atari Mania
Crackpots at AtariAge
1983 video games
Activision games
Atari 2600 games
Atari 2600-only games
Fixed shooters
Video games about insects
Video games developed in the United States
Multiplayer and single-player video games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crackpots |
The Passage were a post-punk band from Manchester, England, who appeared on several record labels including Object Music, Cherry Red Records, and their own label Night & Day, a subsidiary label to Virgin Records.
The band was formed as a quartet by songwriter and former Hallé Orchestra percussionist Richard Witts in 1978, but later became a trio. Witts produced the band's recordings and sang on most of their releases, the occasional lead vocal being taken by Tony Friel or Andy Wilson. Although they never truly broke into the mainstream, their most successful song was "XOYO" which came 41st in John Peel's Festive Fifty for 1982 (the top 50 songs of the year voted for by the listeners). The song was an experiment to see whether John Cage's method of aleatoric composition could be successfully applied to popular music composition. "XOYO" also appeared on the Cherry Red compilation album Pillows & Prayers. The band broke up in 1983.
Richard Witts is now a lecturer and has taught at the University of Edinburgh, Goldsmiths University in London and currently teaches at Edge Hill University in Lancashire. Andy Wilson is a club and radio DJ based mainly in Ibiza. Joe Mckechnie is a producer, remixer, and DJ based in Liverpool. He has released records on Acacia (Detroit), Ochre (UK), Blood (UK) and Aspro (Holland) amongst others. Recent remixes include Ladytron/ROC and Echo & the Bunnymen.
In 2003, the entire Passage back catalogue was reissued and remastered across 5 CDs by the LTM label.
Discography
Albums
Pindrop - Object Music (Nov 1980)
For All and None - Night & Day (Jul 1981)
Degenerates - Cherry Red (Jun 1982)
Enflame - Cherry Red (Mar 1983)
BBC Sessions - LTM (Mar 2003)
Singles and EPs
New Love Songs EP - "Love Song" / "The Competition" / "Slit Machine" / "New Kind of Love" (Object Music OM2) (Dec 1978)
About Time EP - "Taking My Time" / "Clock Paradox" / "16 Hours" / "Time Delay" (Object Music OM8) (Oct 1979)
"Devils and Angels" / "Watching You Dance" (Night & Day AMPM 24.00) (Feb 1981)
"Troops Out" / "Hip Rebels" (Night & Day AMPM 22.00) (May 1981)
"XOYO" / "Animal in Me" (Cherry Red CHERRY 35) (May 1982)
"Wave" / "Angleland" (Cherry Red CHERRY 50) (Oct 1982)
"Sharp Tongue" / "BRD USA GDR JFK" (Cherry Red CHERRY 58) (Mar 1983)
Compilations
Through the Passage - Cherry Red (Nov 1983)
Seedy - Cherry Red (Re-issue 1997)
External links
A Tribute to The Passage
LTM biography by James Nice
Tony Friel's Website
Joe Mckechnie's music on bandcamp
Andy Wilson's radio show on Ibiza Sonica
Dick Witts's website
Dick Witts's academic publications website
Musical groups from Manchester
English new wave musical groups
English post-punk music groups
Cherry Red Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Passage%20%28band%29 |
The Throne of England is the throne of the Monarch of England. "Throne of England" also refers metonymically to the office of monarch, and monarchy itself. The term "Throne of Great Britain" has been used in reference to Sovereign's Throne in the House of Lords, from which a monarch gives his or her speech at the State opening of Parliament.
History
The English Throne is one of the oldest continuing hereditary monarchies in the world. In much the same sense as The Crown, the Throne of England becomes an abstract metonymic concept that represents the legal authority for the existence of the government. It evolved naturally as a separation of the literal throne and property of the nation-state from the person and personal property of the monarch.
According to tradition, the roots of British monarchy extend into legends before the ninth-century king Alfred the Great. On 1 May 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain was created by the political union of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland. In this period, the "Throne of the United Kingdom" was merged in usage with the "Throne of England."
The modern King or Queen is a constitutional monarch, and the 20th century governmental policies of devolution have accorded new emphasis on the Throne of England and the Throne of Scotland.
The fungible meanings of "Throne of England" encompass the modern monarchy and the chronological list of legendary and historical monarchs of England, Scotland and the United Kingdom.
Rhetorical usage
This flexible English term is also a rhetorical trope. Depending on context, the Throne of England can be construed as a metonymy, which is a rhetorical device for an allusion relying on proximity or correspondence, as for example referring to actions of the king or queen or as "actions of the throne." The throne is also understood as a synecdoche, which is related to metonymy and metaphor in suggesting a play on words by identifying a closely related conceptualisation, e.g.,
referring to a part with the name of the whole, such as "the throne" for the mystic process of transferring monarchic authority.
referring to the whole with the name of a part, such as "the throne" for the serial symbols and ceremonies of enthronement.
referring to the general with the specific, such as "the throne" for kingship.
referring to the specific with the general, such as "the throne" for the short reign of Edward VIII or equally as well for the ambit of the British monarchy.
See also
Coronation Chair
The Crown
List of English monarchs
List of Scottish monarchs
National emblem
Dragon Throne of the Emperors of China
Chrysanthemum Throne of the Emperors of Japan
Phoenix Throne of the Kings of Korea
Lion Throne of the Dalai Lama of Tibet
Peacock Throne of the Mughal Empire
Peacock Throne of the Persian Empire
Naderi Throne in Iran
Silver Throne – the Throne of Sweden
Thailand Throne - the Throne of Thailand
Notes
References
Gordon, Delahay. (1760). A General History of the Lives, Trials, and Executions of All the Royal and Noble Personages, that Have Suffered in Great-Britain and Ireland for High Treason, Or Other Crimes: From the Accession of Henry VIII. to the Throne of England, Down to the Present Time. London: J. Burd. OCLC 22644648
Jeudwine, John Wynne. (1912). The First Twelve Centuries of British Story: A Slight Sketch and Criticism of the Social and Political Conditions in the British Islands (herein Called Britain) from the Year 56 B.C. to the Accession of Henry II to the Throne of England in 1154 A.D. London: Longmans, Green. OCLC 1356980
Russell, John. (1844). History of England: With Separate Historical Sketches of Scotland, Wales, and Ireland; from the Invasion of Julius Cæsar Until the Accession of Queen Victoria to the British Throne. Philadelphia: Hogan & Thompson. OCLC 31202216
Shawcross, William. (2002). Queen and Country: The Fifty-year Reign of Elizabeth II. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Williams, David. (1858). The preceptor's assistant, or, Miscellaneous questions in general history, literature, and science. London: By Simpkin, Marshall. OCLC 63065688
Monarchy
Thrones
National symbols of England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Throne%20of%20England |
The Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the Scottish and later British monarch's personal representative to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland (the Kirk), reflecting the Church's role as the national church of Scotland and the monarch's role as protector and member of that Church.
Alongside the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, the Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is arguably one of the two most prominent figures in the Church of Scotland.
History
Lord High Commissioners were appointed to the Parliament of the Kingdom of Scotland between 1603 and 1707 as the monarch's personal representative. The Act of Union 1707 made this function redundant, but a Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland has been appointed each year, as the monarch's personal representative, since 1690.
The right of the monarch to be present at the General Assembly is enshrined in Church of Scotland's confessional standard, the Westminster Confession of Faith, which says that the "civil magistrate... hath power to call synods, to be present at them, and to provide that whatsoever is transacted in them be according to the mind of God" (XXIII.3).
Prior to 1929, the General Assembly was held in the former Tolbooth Highland St John's Church on Edinburgh's Royal Mile (this building is no longer used as a church, instead being converted into "The Hub" for the Edinburgh International Festival society), where a throne was provided for the use of the Lord High Commissioner. The union of the Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland took place in 1929. Since 1930 the General Assembly has always met in the former United Free Church Assembly Hall on The Mound, Edinburgh. The Lord High Commissioner sits on the throne in the Royal Gallery, which is technically "outside" the Assembly Hall—symbolising the independence of the Church in matters spiritual from state interference. The first Assembly of the newly united church in 1929 was held in halls in Annandale Street, Edinburgh (now a bus garage), the only building large enough. Difficulty in accessing the Royal Gallery in this temporary location led to a seemingly trivial but nevertheless embarrassing dispute over protocol, whereby the Lord High Commissioner (the Earl of Inverness, later King George VI) would have had to enter through the Assembly Hall itself—an act of symbolic state interference in the hard-won spiritual independence of the church. The Moderator, Dr John White, was adamant that this would be unacceptable, even suggesting that the post of Lord High Commissioner could be dispensed with. Eventually a suitable arrangement was agreed upon and the office of Lord High Commissioner has survived.
Functions
The office has always been largely ceremonial. The person appointed invariably has a distinguished record of public service in Scotland as well as having close connections with the church, often being an Elder of the Church of Scotland.
On behalf of the monarch, the Lord High Commissioner attends the General Assembly, makes opening and closing addresses to the Assembly, and carries out a number of official visits and ceremonial functions (not all related to the Church of Scotland). At the formal opening of the General Assembly, the Principal Clerk reads out the Royal Warrant appointing the Lord High Commissioner, who is then invited to address the Assembly. All ministers, elders and deacons appointed by Presbyteries to attend the General Assembly are known as "Commissioners" and have voting powers; the Lord High Commissioner, however, has no vote, nor may he/she intervene in debates.
Apart from his/her opening and closing addresses, the Lord High Commissioner makes no further intervention in Assembly debates but will be in daily attendance for at least part of each day's business. Following the Assembly, the Lord High Commissioner personally informs The King about the business of the week.
The Lord High Commissioner also visits the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland annually.
Form of address
While the General Assembly is meeting, the Lord High Commissioner is treated as if a regent. By custom, he or she is addressed as "Your Grace" and is greeted with a bow or curtsey. When the Princess Royal was appointed in 1996, she was styled as "Her Grace" for the duration rather than her normal dynastic style "Her Royal Highness" because the Lord High Commissioner is ranked higher in the order of precedence.
If a woman is appointed to the office, the alternative title "His Majesty's High Commissioner" may, if requested, be used. Margaret Herbison was the first woman to hold the post (1970 and 1971).
Residence
Since 1834 the Lord High Commissioner has resided at the Palace of Holyroodhouse and gave a garden party for Commissioners to the General Assembly on the Saturday afternoon of Assembly week and other hospitality. He or she is entitled to use the Scottish Royal Banner, and has precedence immediately after the King and before the rest of the Royal Family. Even his or her official car receives special treatment and, except for the King's, is the only vehicle in the country not to have number plates. However, the plates are re-attached during the closing speech of the Assembly, and the Lord High Commissioner returns to his royal but temporary residence as an ordinary citizen. In recent years, the garden party has been replaced by the "Heart and Soul" event, held in Princes Street Gardens and attended by the Lord High Commissioner.
Household
There is a Household of His Grace the Lord High Commissioner. This includes the Purse Bearer (who is the head of the Household), Chaplain, Aides-de-Camp (three in 1949), a Lady-in-Waiting, Extra Lady-in-Waiting, and Maids of Honour (three in 1949). The Macebearer bears the Lord President's Mace or the Old Exchequer Mace. The Master of the Horse is no longer appointed. The subordinate staff further includes the Assistant to the Purse Bearer, and a Lady's Maid. The Household make no financial demands on the funds of the Church of Scotland, which are devoted exclusively to the Parish and Mission work of the Kirk.
List of Purse Bearers
c.1930: (Sir) John Charles Couper
1930–1958: Lt Col Sir Edward Daymonde-Stevenson
1959–1960: David Charles Scott-Moncrieff
1961–1969: Sir Alastair Blair
1969–1988: Sir Charles Fraser
1988–2001: Robin Blair
2001–present: Tom Murray
List of Lords High Commissioner
1580: The Laird of Lundie & Sir James Balfour of Pittendreich or James Halyburton
1581: William Cunningham, 4th Laird of Caprington
April 1582: Ralph Kerr
October 1582: James Halyburton & Colonel William Stewart of Houston
incomplete
1638: James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton
1639: The Earl of Traquair
1640: none
1641: The Earl of Wemyss
1642: The Earl of Dunfermline
1643: Sir Thomas Hope
1644–1645: none
1646: Letter from the King regretting that no Commissioner could be sent
1647–1650: none
1651: The Earl of Balcarres
1652: none
1653: none
1653–1690: no General Assembly
1690: The Lord Carmichael
1692: The Earl of Lothian
1694–1699: The Lord Carmichael
1700: The Viscount Seafield (became an earl before serving again in 1703)
1701: The Earl of Annandale (became a marquess before serving again in 1705 and 1711)
1702: The Earl of Marchmont
1703: The Earl of Seafield (succeeded as Earl of Findlater before serving again in 1724)
1704: The Lord Ross
1705: The Marquess of Annandale
1706–1710: The 1st Earl of Glasgow
1711: The Marquess of Annandale
1712–1714: The 1st Duke of Atholl
1715–1721: The Earl of Rothes
1722: The Earl of Loudoun
1723: The 1st Earl of Hopetoun
1724: The Earl of Findlater
1725–1726: The Earl of Loudoun
1727: The Earl of Findlater
1728: The Earl of Loudoun
1729: The Earl of Buchan
1730–1731: The Earl of Loudoun
1732–1738: The Marquess of Lothian
1739–1740: The Earl of Hyndford
1741–1753: The 5th Earl of Leven
1754: The 2nd Earl of Hopetoun
1755–1763: The Lord Cathcart
1764–1772: The 3rd Earl of Glasgow
1773–1776: The Lord Cathcart
1777–1782: The Earl of Dalhousie
1783–1801: The 6th Earl of Leven
1802–1816: The Lord Napier
1817–1818: The Earl of Erroll
1819–1824: The Earl of Morton
1825–1830: The Lord Forbes
1831–1841: The Lord Belhaven and Stenton
1842–1846: The Marquess of Bute
1847–1851: The Lord Belhaven and Stenton
1852: The Earl of Mansfield and Mansfield
1853–1857: The Lord Belhaven and Stenton
1858–1859: The Earl of Mansfield and Mansfield
1860–1866: The Lord Belhaven and Stenton
1867–1868: The Earl of Haddington
1869–1871: The 10th Earl of Stair
1872–1873: The Earl of Airlie
1874–1875: The Earl of Rosslyn
1876–1877: The Earl of Galloway
1878–1880: The Earl of Rosslyn
1881–1885: The Earl of Aberdeen
1886: The Lord Thurlow
1887–1889: The 7th Earl of Hopetoun
1889–1892: The Marquess of Tweeddale
1893–1895: The Marquess of Breadalbane
1896–1897: The Marquess of Tweeddale
1898–1906: The 11th Earl of Leven
1907–1909: The 11th Lord Kinnaird
1910: The 11th Earl of Stair
1911–1914: The Lord Glenconner
1915: The Earl of Aberdeen
1916–1917: The 5th Duke of Montrose
1918–1920: The 8th Duke of Atholl
1921–1922: The Duke of Sutherland
1923: The Lord Elphinstone
1924: James Brown MP (made a privy counsellor before serving again in 1930)
1925–1926: The 10th Earl of Elgin
1927–1928: The 12th Earl of Stair
1929: The Earl of Inverness
1930–1931: James Brown MP
1932: Sir Iain Colquhoun
1933–1934: John Buchan
1935: The Earl of St Andrews
1936–1937: The 12th Lord Kinnaird
1938–1939: Lt Col Sir John Gilmour, 2nd Bt
1940–1941: Sir Iain Colquhoun
1942–1943: The 6th Duke of Montrose
1944–1945: The Marquess of Linlithgow
1946–1947: George Mathers MP (made a privy counsellor before serving again in 1948)
1948: George Mathers MP
1949: The Lord Culloden
1950: The Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope
1951: George Mathers MP
1952: The Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope
1953–1955: The Duke of Hamilton
1956–1957: Walter Elliot MP
1958: The Duke of Hamilton
1959–1960: The Earl of Wemyss and March
1961–1963: The Lord Culloden
1964: General Sir Richard O'Connor
1965–1966: Lord Birsay
1967–1968: The Lord Reith
1969: The Queen attended in person
1970: Peggy Herbison
1971–1972: The Lord Clydesmuir
1973–1974: The Lord Ballantrae
1975–1976: Sir Hector MacLennan
1977: The Earl of Wemyss and March
1978–1979: Willie Ross (former Secretary of State for Scotland)
1980–1981: The 11th Earl of Elgin
1982–1983: Col Sir John Gilmour, 3rd Bt
1984–1985: The Lord Maclean
1986–1987: The Viscount of Arbuthnott
1988–1989: Captain Sir Iain Tennant
1990–1991: Lord Ross, Lord Justice Clerk
1992–1993: The Lord Macfarlane of Bearsden
1994–1995: Lady Fraser
1996: The Princess Royal
1997: The Lord Macfarlane of Bearsden
1998–1999: The Lord Hogg of Cumbernauld
2000: The Duke of Rothesay
2001: The Viscount Younger of Leckie
2002: The Queen attended in person
2003–2004: The Lord Steel of Aikwood
2005–2006: The Lord Mackay of Clashfern
2007: The Earl of Inverness
2008–2009: George Reid
2010–2011: The Lord Wilson of Tillyorn
2012–2013: The Lord Selkirk of Douglas
2014: The Earl of Wessex
2015–2016: The Lord Hope of Craighead
2017: The Princess Royal
2018–2019: The Duke of Buccleuch and Queensberry
2020–2021: The Earl of Strathearn (2020 Assembly cancelled due to the Covid-19 Pandemic.)
2022–23: Lord Hodge
See also
Supreme Governor of the Church of England
List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
Order of precedence in Scotland
Lord Lieutenant
Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland
References
External links
Church of Scotland website
British monarchy-related lists
Church of Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%20High%20Commissioner%20to%20the%20General%20Assembly%20of%20the%20Church%20of%20Scotland |
World Without Sun () is a 1964 French documentary film directed by Jacques-Yves Cousteau. The film was Cousteau's second to win an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, following The Silent World in 1956.
Content
The film chronicles Continental Shelf Station Two, or "Conshelf Two", the first ambitious attempt to create an environment in which men could live and work on the seafloor. In it, a half-dozen oceanauts lived 10 meters down in the Red Sea off Sudan in a star-fish shaped house for 30 days. The undersea living experiment also had two other structures, one a submarine hangar that housed a small, two-man submarine referred to as the "diving saucer" for its resemblance to a science fiction flying saucer, and a smaller "deep cabin" where two oceanauts lived at a depth of 30 meters for a week. The undersea colony was supported by air, water, food, power, all essentials of life, from a large support team above. Men on the bottom performed a number of experiments intended to determine the practicality of working on the sea floor and were subjected to continual medical examinations.
Funded in part by the French petrochemical industry, the Conshelf Two experiment was originally intended to demonstrate the practicality of exploitation of the sea using underwater habitats as base stations. In the end, Cousteau repudiated such an approach, turning his efforts instead toward conservation. The lyrical and dramatic underwater sequences also likely contributed to the beginning of an era of ocean conservation as well as incidentally promoting sport diving. Memorable sequences involve men cavorting with fishes, an underwater chess game and the diving saucer reaching depths of 300 meters, encountering new and unique forms of life.
Reception
The documentary received wide international theatrical distribution, and won Best Documentary at the 37th Academy Awards, Cousteau's second Oscar following The Silent World in 1956, as well as numerous other honors.
Reviews were overwhelmingly positive, although some criticism arose around accusations of "faking" footage, most notably by New York Times reviewer Bosley Crowther, who questioned the authenticity of two of the more dramatic scenes. He stated in his 1964 review, "Oceanographers consulted here yesterday said it was highly unlikely that a deep-sea cavern, containing a "bubble," or pocket of air, at its top, could exist. If it did, the atmosphere in that bubble would surely be noxious, they said. It would be methane or marsh gas. And the pressure in it would be intolerable for man."
The confusion stemmed from Crowther's assertion that the footage was filmed at great depth, an issue not clearly addressed in the film proper. His other complaint was a long tracking shot moving out from the window of one of the underwater structures, which Crowther claimed could only have been produced in an aquarium. Cousteau, taking great offense, went on to demonstrate how he and his son Philippe produced the shot with a combination of ropes and small underwater motorized vehicles.
Preservation
The Academy Film Archive preserved World Without Sun in 2010.
See also
References
External links
1964 films
1964 documentary films
1960s French films
1960s French-language films
Best Documentary Feature Academy Award winners
Columbia Pictures films
Documentary films about nature
Documentary films about underwater diving
Films directed by Jacques Cousteau
French documentary films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Without%20Sun |
Alex Carter (born 7 May 1982 in Oldham, Greater Manchester) is an English actor and writer, mostly known for his roles as Jamie Hope in Emmerdale and Lee Hunter in Hollyoaks.
Early life
Carter's brother Bruce is in a band called The Whip and both Carters attended the Blue Coat School, Oldham.
A lifelong fan of Oldham Athletic A.F.C., Carter presented the Saturday afternoon sports programme Latics Live on The Revolution between 2008 and 2011.
Life and career
After playing Greeny in CITV show Adam's Family Tree, in 1999 Carter was cast as Craig Harrison in Sunday evening drama Where the Heart Is. He then joined the cast of Hollyoaks as Lee Hunter, staying for four years before his character left to embark on an around the world tour.
He then joined Emmerdale on 16 February 2006 as Jamie Hope in the ITV soap Emmerdale. On 8 February 2010, whilst appearing on Shaun Keaveny's breakfast show on BBC 6 Music, he announced that he was leaving Emmerdale after four years. On 15 March 2010 it was confirmed that after a five-year hiatus, Carter was returning to Hollyoaks.
In 2011, Carter appeared in BBC Three comedy How Not to Live Your Life as Blake; Don's Boss. In August 2012 he became a series regular in In with the Flynns on BBC1 as Kevin Flynn, younger brother to Will Mellor's Liam Flynn. In 2013, Carter starred in the Sky special Love Matters, written by Isy Suttie. and the period ITV costume drama Downton Abbey as Walter in Series Four of the show.
In early 2015, he starred in the Comedy Central show Give Out Girls as Steve and in late 2015 he was cast as series regular PC Lino Moretti in the new BBC1 Police series Cuffs set in Brighton. In 2016, Alex joined the cast of BBC's So Awkward as form tutor Mr Malone, and in 2018 he began appearing as Ray Monk in the TV series Dark Heart, on ITV.
References
External links
English male soap opera actors
Male actors from Oldham
English people of Scottish descent
Living people
1982 births
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Carter%20%28British%20actor%29 |
The National Writing Project (NWP) is a United States professional development network that serves teachers of writing at all grade levels, primary through university, and in all subjects.
Unique in breadth and scale, the NWP is a network of sites anchored at colleges and universities and serving teachers across disciplines and at all levels, from early childhood through university. The NWP network provides professional development, develops resources, generates research, and acts on knowledge to improve the teaching of writing and learning in schools and communities.
Network of sites
The more than 175 local sites that make up the NWP network are hosted by universities and colleges. Co-directed by faculty from the local university and from K–12 schools, local sites serve all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Sites work in partnership with area school districts to engage lead teachers and faculty in developing high-quality professional development programs for educators. NWP continues to add new sites each year, to place a writing project site within reach of every teacher in America. The network now includes two associated international sites.
Local resources
NWP sites share a national program model, adhering to a set of shared principles and practices for teachers' professional development, and offering programs that are common across the network. In addition to developing a leadership cadre of local teachers (called "teacher-consultants") through invitational summer institutes, NWP sites design and deliver customized in-service programs for local schools, districts, and higher education institutions, and they provide a diverse array of continuing education and research opportunities for teachers at all levels.
National research studies have confirmed significant gains in writing performance among students of teachers who have participated in NWP programs.
The NWP is the only federally funded program that focuses on the teaching of writing. Support for the NWP is provided by the U.S. Department of Education, foundations, corporations, universities, and K-12 schools.
Core principles
The core principles at the foundation of NWP's national program model are:
Teachers at every level—from kindergarten through college—are the agents of reform; universities and schools are ideal partners for investing in that reform through professional development.
Writing can and should be taught, not just assigned, at every grade level. Professional development programs should provide opportunities for teachers to work together to understand the full spectrum of writing development across grades and across subject areas.
Knowledge about the teaching of writing comes from many sources: theory and research, the analysis of practice, and the experience of writing. Effective professional development programs provide frequent and ongoing opportunities for teachers to write and to examine theory, research, and practice together systematically.
There is no single right approach to teaching writing; however, some practices prove to be more effective than others. A reflective and informed community of practice is in the best position to design and develop comprehensive writing programs.
Teachers who are well informed and effective in their practice can be successful teachers of other teachers as well as partners in educational research, development, and implementation. Collectively, teacher-leaders are our greatest resource for educational reform.
History
NWP began in 1974 in the Graduate School of Education at the University of California, Berkeley, where, James Gray and his colleagues established a university-based program for K–16 teachers called the Bay Area Writing Project (BAWP).
In partnership with Bay Area school districts, BAWP created a range of professional development services for teachers and schools interested in improving the teaching of writing and the use of writing as a learning tool across the curriculum. The structure of this first writing project site's programs formed the basis of NWP's "teachers-teaching-teachers" model of professional development.
By 1976, the NWP had grown to 14 sites in six states. Over the next 15 years, the network continued to grow, with funding for writing project sites made possible by foundation grants and matching funds from local sources. In 1991 NWP was authorized as a federal education program, allowing the network to expand to previously under-served areas. With its core grant from the U.S. Department of Education, supplemented by local, state, and private funds, it reached the goal of the NWP site within reach of every teacher in the nation. Following federal budget cuts in 2010 and 2011, several of the projects were forced to close or reduce numbers of summer participants.
References
External links
Non-profit organizations based in the United States
American writers' organizations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Writing%20Project |
Karl Joseph Leiprecht (11 September 1903 – 29 October 1981) was the Bishop of Rottenburg.
Born in the town of Hauerz (now Bad Wurzach) in the Allgäu, Leiprecht studied philosophy and theology at the University of Tübingen from 1923 to 1927. On 24 March 1928 he was ordained a priest by Bishop Johannes Baptista Sproll at Rottenburg Cathedral. Over the next five years, he served as a vicar at Holy Cross Minster in Schwäbisch Gmünd and at St. George's Church in Stuttgart.
Leiprecht served as the city priest of Rottweil from 1942 to 1947 before becoming vicar capitular at Rottenburg Cathedral.
On 7 October 1948 he was named Titular Bishop of Scyrus and Auxiliary Bishop of Rottenburg; he was consecrated bishop on November 30 by Archbishop Wendelin Rauch at Rottenburg Cathedral. The next year, Leiprecht was elected the Bishop of Rottenburg on 21 June, Pius XII officially named him to the post on 4 July and he was enthroned on 8 September. He resigned from the office of bishop on 4 June 1974 and died in 1981 in Ravensburg.
Genealogy Information about the "Leiprecht" Family : http://www.leiprecht.de/
1903 births
1981 deaths
People from Ravensburg (district)
People from the Kingdom of Württemberg
Roman Catholic bishops of Rottenburg
20th-century German Roman Catholic bishops
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
20th-century German Roman Catholic priests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Joseph%20Leiprecht |
Mobiola is a wide range of software by SHAPE Services.
Overview
Mobiola Video Studio is a video converter of movies, DVDs, YouTube, Metacafe, Google Videos to the video format appropriate for the iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, BlackBerry, Windows Mobile, Symbian, Java MIDP 2.0, Palm, Android, and Sony PSP devices. Mobiola Video Studio supports automatic discovery of mobile device model and drag-and-drop of videos from DVD or browser to device.
Mobiola xPlayer is a multimedia player for BlackBerry with the support of mp3, m4a, avi, mp4, 3gp, wma, amr, mid, wav, aac, wmv file formats. It also supports live radio stations, podcasts, themes, BlackBerry Inbox integration and push notifications.
Mobiola Web Camera is a mobile software that transforms BlackBerry, Windows Mobile, Symbian smartphones into a mobile wireless webcam. Mobiola Web Camera is a two-part application. One part must be installed onto a Microsoft Windows compatible PC or a Mac OS X machine, and the other part onto an iPhone, BlackBerry, Windows Mobile or Symbian smartphone. These parts can be connected via Bluetooth, cable USB or Wi-Fi connection. Users of Mobiola Web Camera can use their phones as web cameras and receive video stream in various applications and services on PC such as Skype, Yahoo!, YouTube, MSN/Windows Live, AOL IM, ICQ and others.
Mobiola Headset allows recording of Skype, MSN/Windows Live, Yahoo!, Google Talk, AOL IM, ICQ, YouTube, MagicJack and other VoIP application calls and transforms iPhone, iPod Touch into a PC headset. Users must install Mobiola Headset Desktop to Windows PC which connects through Wi-Fi the Mobiola Headset app on iPhone, iPod Touch or iPad.
Mobiola Snapshot allows to make snapshots of BlackBerry screen in most applications. Options allow to choose the image quality and format.
Mobiola Message Ringtone sets a custom ring tone individually for each contact, incoming SMS or e-mail on BlackBerry.
See also
IM+ Messenger - a multiclient and multiplatform mobile instant messenger
Skype - Skype VoIP program
MSN Messenger - MSN instant messenger
Yahoo! Messenger - Yahoo! instant messenger
External links
SHAPE Services developer of this application
Mobile software
Webcams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobiola |
Rigi Railways () is a railway company that operates a group of railways on the mountain Rigi, located between two of the arms of Lake Lucerne, in Switzerland. They include two standard gauge rack railways, the Vitznau–Rigi Bahn (VRB) and the Arth–Rigi Bahn (ARB), along with the Luftseilbahn Weggis–Rigi Kaltbad (LWRK) cable car.
Reaching a height of above sea level, the Rigi Railways are the highest standard gauge railway in Europe. They are also the highest railway in both cantons of Lucerne and Schwyz. The Vitznau–Rigi Bahn is also notable as the first mountain rack railway in Europe, and even the second in the world, after the Mount Washington Cog Railway in the United States.
History
Building of the Vitznau–Rigi Railway
Aware of the scenic location of Mount Rigi, Swiss engineer Niklaus Riggenbach masterminded the construction of a railway from Vitznau, on the shores of Lake Lucerne and the southern flank of Mount Rigi, to a point close to its summit. He already had the technology as he had patented, in France in 1863, a system of toothed racks set between the railway tracks interlocking with cogwheels fitted under the locomotives.
Jointly, with fellow engineers Olivier Zschokke and Adolf Naef, he submitted an application to the canton of Lucerne for permission to build a line from Vitznau to Rigi Staffelhöhe, a point somewhat below the summit of Rigi, but the nearest point to the summit within that canton. The cantonal administration already knew of the success of the Mount Washington Railway and saw the advantages in this construction, granting permission on 9 June 1869.
The construction itself began in the following September, the limited liability company, which had offered 1250 shares was greatly over-subscribed on the first day of issue. On 21 May 1870, Riggenbach's birthday, locomotive No.1, named Stadt Luzern, made its first trial run. Exactly one year later the first mountain railway using rack and pinion technology was officially opened. Riggenbach, never noted for missing an opportunity, drove the first train to the upper terminus at Rigi Staffelhöhe.
The line, from Vitznau to Rigi Staffelhöhe was long and climbed a total of to reach a height of at its summit, the maximum gradient being 1 in 4 (25%).
Trains reach the summit
As originally built, the Vitznau–Rigi Railway only reached Rigi Staffelhöhe, as that was the cantonal boundary between the canton of Lucerne and the canton of Schwyz. The summit of Mount Rigi is situated in the canton of Schwyz, along with the northern slopes of the mountain and the town of Arth on Lake Zug below.
In 1870, a committee made up of 12 citizens of Arth were granted a concession from the Schwyz Cantonal Council for a railway to operate from Arth via Oberarth to Rigi Kulm, together with a second line to connect Rigi Staffelhöhe to Rigi Kulm. The same engineering team who were responsible for the Vitznau–Rigi Railway also undertook responsibility for the construction for these lines.
The Arth company started by building the line from Rigi Staffelhöhe to Rigi Kulm, and this was ready for opening in time for the summer traffic in 1873. This line made an end-on connection with that from Vitznau and the Vitznau company operated their trains over it, paying the Arth company a ground rent for its use. This state of affairs continued until the merger in 1992.
The line from Rigi Staffelhöhe to Rigi Kulm, was just long but enabled trains to reach the summit at Rigi Kulm, a height of above sea level, a climb of a further from Rigi Staffelhöhe.
Building of the Arth–Rigi Railway
By the time construction started on the main line of the Arth–Rigi Railway, construction had also started on the Gotthard railway, and it was clear that this main line railway would include a station in Arth, now known as Arth-Goldau station. It was clearly important that the Arth–Rigi line should connect with this station.
The concession to construct the Arth–Rigi Railway was ceded, in 1873, to the International Company for Mountain Railways in Aarau, a company founded by Riggenbach and this company carried out the railway project as general contractor at a cost of CHF 4.2 million and also supplied five of the six steam locomotives needed to operate it. Construction of the first section, that from Arth-am-See, a station by Lake Zug, to Oberarth commenced in 1873 and once the position of the railway station had been agreed with the main line company, in 1874, construction work on the second section began, the Arth–Rigi Railway becoming operational on 4 June 1875. The line offered only summertime services until 1884 when year-round operation commenced.
The line from Arth to the junction at Rigi Staffelhöhe was long, making the total length of the Arth line The maximum gradient is 1 in 5 (20%)
Building of the Rigi–Scheidegg Railway
Whilst the Arth–Rigi railway was under construction, another line on the Rigi massif was also being built. This linked Rigi Kaltbad, on the Vitznau-Rigi line, with Rigi Scheidegg to the east. Unlike the previous two lines, the Rigi–Scheidegg Railway followed the contours near the top of the mountain, rather than climbing it, and was not a rack railway. Also unlike the other two lines, it was built to rather than standard gauge, and so never made a direct connection to the other lines. The line opened, in two stages, in 1874 and 1875.
Electrification
The first electrification, on the short section of line from Arth to Goldau, came with the commencement of the winter timetable in 1906. The mountain section from Goldau to Rigi Kulm, only operated in the summer until 1928, had the power switched on the following year, making this the first standard gauge rack and pinion railway in the country to convert to electric traction. Electrification continued in 1937 when the other side of the mountain, the line from Vitznau, came under the wires. The electrification programme supplied power at 1500 V Direct Current from overhead wires.
Closures and a new line
In 1931 the Rigi–Scheidegg Railway, which had never been electrified, was closed. This line, which includes a tunnel and several bridges, now serves as a panoramic footpath and in winter is also used for cross country skiing.
It was not until 1 January 1959, when the section of the Arth–Rigi line between Arth, on Lake Zug, and Arth-Goldau station was replaced by a bus service, that the second closure took place. The Arth–Rigi line then terminated in its station above the main line tracks.
A new rail connection was built at , linking the Arth-Rigi Railway and the Vitznau-Rigi Railway, and opened in 1990.
Merger and aerial tramways
In 1967 the Swiss government granted an operating licence for an aerial cableway to run from near the shores of Lake Lucerne to a point near the summit of Mount Rigi. To avoid direct competition with the Vitznau-Rigi Railway the aerial cableway was to run from Weggis, where connections were available with the lake steamers from Lucerne, to meet the railway at Rigi Kaltbad. The licence was granted to the Rigi Railway Company.
The construction period was short, a mere eleven months saw the new aerial cableway completed and the opening took place on 15 July 1968. The cable car rises from the lakeside some to its summit and has a journey time of just 10 minutes. A pathway at Rigi Kaltbad connects the mountain station of the cable car with the railway station.
The technical installations were the work of K. Garaventa & Sons of Goldau, and the large cabins were supplied by the Carrosseriewerke Company of Aarburg. On the 25th anniversary of the opening of the cable car (in 1993), the original two red passenger cabins were replaced by modern panorama cabins.
In 1992 the two railway companies merged to become the Rigi Railways Company and in the same year took over the Rigi Ski Lift Company.
Operation
Termini
The Vitznau–Rigi Railway commences from a terminal station in the centre of Vitznau, and adjacent to the landing stage served by the Schifffahrtsgesellschaft des Vierwaldstättersees. This company operates passenger vessels, including some historic paddle steamers, on services that link Vitznau with the city of Lucerne and other places on Lake Lucerne. The public square between the station and landing stage is largely occupied by a turntable used by the railway to access its lakeside depot.
Since of the closure of the section from Arth, the Arth–Rigi Railway now commences on platforms above, and at right-angles to, the main line platforms of Arth-Goldau station. The lines depot lies to the south of the station, where a link track connects the mountain railway with the main line.
Both railways share a common terminal station at Rigi Kulm, although the two tracks are not linked in the station, and the two lines to Rigi Staffelhöhe follow slightly different routes. Each railway has a single stub track and platform.
Passing points
The Arth–Rigi line is single line with passing points in some of the stations. In order from Arth-Goldau these are Krabel, where there is a connection with the Rigi Scheidegg cablecar, Fruttli, Klosterli and Staffel. On the Vitznau–Rigi line there is only one passing section, a long section of double track from Freibergen to just below the station at Rigi Kaltbad.
At Staffel there is the only track connection between the two railways. This involves a single line leaving the Vitznau–Rigi line below the station and running parallel to its own line until it joins the passing loop of the Arth–Rigi line. The connecting track is also used for stabling stock between services.
Locomotives, railcars and rolling stock
The line operates two steam locomotives, No's 16, (SLM No.2871, built 1923) (See photograph above) and 17, (SLM No.3043, built 1925). They are painted in a dark green livery, lined red. They also have three electric locomotives, a Stadler built battery operated class Ta 2/2 in red livery, which carries the identification VRB 1, and usually to be found shunting at Vitznau, a class He 2/3, built in 1930 by SLM / MFO, in orange and numbered 8, which is the Arth snowplough locomotive, and a further class He 2/2, in red livery and numbered 18, built by SLM in 1938 and which is usually based at Vitznau.
The railcars, class Bhe 2/4, are painted in a red livery for operation on the Vitznau section. Numbered 1 - 3 (incl) they were products of SLM / BBC, and introduced with the electrification of the line in 1937. Because the three railcars weren't enough to completely replace the slower steam trains a fourth railcar of the same series as the first three was bought in 1953. It received a bigger cargo hold and was classified as BDhe 2/4 and got the number 4.
To add to the passenger carrying capabilities of the line even more a class BDhe 4/4 from the same makers arrived in 1964 and, again from SLM / BBC, in 1986 two railcars (BDhe 4/4), numbered 21 and 22, arrived with single end driving trailers (Bt) numbered 31 and 32 which were nearly identical as the railcar 15. Although the railcars are capable of working as single units they are normally to be found working with the trailers.
On the Arth section class BDhe 2/4 railcars, built by SLM / SAAS and numbered 11 and 12 arrived in 1949, being joined by No.13 in 1954 and No.14 in 1967. These were joined by class BDhe 4/4 No.15 in 1982. Class Bt driving trailers followed the railcars, No.21 and 22 in 1958, No.23 in 1960 and Nos. 24 and 25 with the railcars in 1967 and 1982 respectively. These vehicles are liveried in blue/white. It is common, on light traffic days, for the railcars to operate without trailers.
The drivers control cab, in some older railcars, is not separated from the passenger section.
The line also has a collection of historic coaches and those for special use. The most usual use for these vehicles is with the steam locomotive, where the train usually consists of three coaches.
Class BDhe 2/3, Railcar No.6, is the world's oldest cogwheel-railcar which dates from 1911. Working with yellow liveried coach, class B2, No.35, built in 1899, this forms the Rigi Pullman train. There are upholstered seats for passengers who like comfort, wooden benches for the more hardy and a standing bar for those who can remain steady on their feet. The bar is staffed by hostesses dressed in outfits dating from its construction.
The line is also home to another early example in Railcar No.7, a 1925 built BDhe 2/4 built by SIG / SLM / MFO. This works from Arth, frequently with a coach, or in the wintertime, the toboggan wagon.
See also
List of mountain railways in Switzerland
List of heritage railways and funiculars in Switzerland
Notes and references
Notes
References
External links
RB
Swiss companies established in 1992
Railway companies established in 1992
Rigi Railways
Heritage railways in Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigi%20Railways |
A Judgement in Stone is a 1977 novel by British writer Ruth Rendell.
Plot summary
Eunice is taken on as a housekeeper by a family of four. She has kept her illiteracy a secret and is obsessed by continuing to keep it so. Unknown to her new employers, she has already murdered the father for whom she had been caring, and has falsified her references. Her inability to adapt to her place in society is masked by the cunning with which she conceals the truth about herself. Misinterpreting every act of kindness she is offered by her employers, she eventually turns on them, stealing the guns that are normally kept locked away. With the aid of a fellow social misfit, she murders the entire family. But Eunice's illiteracy prevents her from recognizing and disposing of a written clue that was left behind. Eventually a tape recording of the shooting made by one of the victims is discovered. Eunice is charged with the crime, and is mortified when her illiteracy is revealed to the world during the court proceedings.
Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
The novel was filmed twice: The Housekeeper (1986) starred Rita Tushingham as the illiterate maid, and La Cérémonie (1995), directed by Claude Chabrol, starred Sandrine Bonnaire in the same role.
Release details
1997, UK, Hutchinson (), Pub date 2 May 1977, hardback (First edition)
References
External links
Ruth Rendell discusses A Judgement in Stone on the BBC World Book Club
Ruth Rendell on Gusworld.com.au
1977 British novels
Fictional maids
Novels by Ruth Rendell
British novels adapted into films
Hutchinson (publisher) books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Judgement%20in%20Stone |
Alleroy (; , Jalaroy-Evla) is a rural locality (a selo) in Kurchaloyevsky District of the Chechen Republic, Russia.
Administrative and municipal status
Municipally, Alleroy is incorporated into Alleroyskoye rural settlement. It is the administrative center of the municipality and is the only settlement included in it.
Geography
Alleroy is located on both banks of the Michik River at the confluence of the Maly Michik tributary. It is located north-east of the town of Kurchaloy and south-east of the city of Grozny.
The nearest settlements to Alleroy are Verkhny Noyber in the north, Koshkeldy in the north-east, Ishkhoy-Yurt in the east, Galayty and Meskety in the south-east, and Akhmat-Yurt in the west.
History
In 1944, after the genocide and deportation of the Chechen and Ingush people and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was abolished, the village of Alleroy was renamed to Shuragat, and settled by people from the neighboring republic of Dagestan. From 1944 to 1957, it was the administrative center of the Shuragatsky District of the Dagestan ASSR.
In 1958, after the Vaynakh people returned and the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was restored, the village regained its old Chechen name, Alleroy.
Post-war insurgency in Chechnya
On January 28–29, 2004, a force of Akhmad Kadyrov's Security Service and police carried out a mass cleansing operation in Alleroy, which is also the birthplace of rebel president Aslan Maskhadov. Two days later Sultan Dadayev, who led the operation, and four of his men were shot dead in Aleroy by pro-Maskhadov fighters.
On May 1, 2004, Alleroy was invaded by fighters from the Akhmed Avdarkhanov group. The combatants went to the home of the Abuyev family, whose son Suleiman worked for Kadyrov Security Service. Suleiman was not at home and the fighters kidnapped Yusup Abuyev, Abukar Abuyev, and Isa Ousmayev. The hostages' relatives were told the men were kidnapped in retaliation for the murder of Ruslan Dalkhanov, who had been kidnapped from his house by Kadyrov's Security Service under command of Suleiman Abuyev and tortured to death. On November 9, 2004, a grave was discovered in the proximity of Aleroy, which contained the bodies of the three men, kidnapped by the Chechen fighters on May 1.
On July 12, 2004, guerrillas entered Avtury. The fighters first blocked all entrances to the village and then in the videotaped attack seized the buildings of the security forces, inflicting heavy casualties and capturing twelve members of pro-Moscow Chechen militia. A small relief force composed of a carload of paramilitaries was ambushed and destroyed, according to villagers.
Population
1874 Census: 998
2002 Census: 10,225
2010 Census: 11,132
2018 Census: 13,151
According to the 2010 Census, the majority of residents of Alleroy (11,099) were ethnic Chechens, with 33 people from other ethnic backgrounds.
The absolute majority of the village's population are from the Alleroy teip (clan). To the south of this village lies the clan's ancestral village of the same name, Alleroy.
Infrastructure
Alleroy hosts three secondary schools, a mosque, and a kindergarten.
Famous natives
Akhmed Avdorkhanov - Commander of the Presidential Guard of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, head of security for Aslan Maskhadov.
Zaurbek Avdorkhanov - Field commander of armed units of the Caucasus Emirate. Brother of Akhmed Avdorkhanov.
Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov - Active participant in the Chechen conflict in the 1990s to 2000s as a field commander.
References
8. http://elib.shpl.ru/ru/nodes/8970-zeydlits-n-k-spiski-naselennyh-mest-kavkazskogo-kraya-vyp-1-%20tersk#mode/inspect/page/59/zoom/7
Sources
Institute for War & Peace Reporting, 2004
Rural localities in Kurchaloyevsky District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alleroy%2C%20Kurchaloyevsky%20District%2C%20Chechen%20Republic |
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