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Mihailo Marković (; 24 February 1923 – 7 February 2010) was a Serbian philosopher who gained prominence in the 1960s and 1970s as a proponent of the Praxis School, a Marxist humanist movement that originated in Yugoslavia.
He was a member of the Socialist Party of Serbia, co-author of the SANU Memorandum and a prominent supporter of Slobodan Milošević's politics in the late 1980s and 1990s.
Early life
Marković was born in Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. He became a member of the youth organization of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) in 1940, and in 1944 he became a member of the KPJ itself. As a partisan he actively participated in the struggle for liberation of Yugoslavia during World War II.
Academic career
Marković took a doctorate in philosophy first at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy in 1955, and then another in 1956 at University College London. There he studied logic under A. J. Ayer, and wrote his thesis on The Concept of Logic. In 1963 he became a full professor of philosophy at the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Philosophy, and the dean of the faculty in the period 1966–1967. From 1960 to 1962 he was the president of the Yugoslav Society of Philosophy. In the 1970s, he taught at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and was a director of the Institute of Philosophy at the University of Belgrade. He also taught for many years at the University of Pennsylvania, first as a frequent visiting professor from 1972 to 1980 and then as an adjunct professor from 1981 to 1993. Marković was a co-Chairman of the International Humanist and Ethical Union (1975–1985). He has been a corresponding member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts since 1963 and a full member since 1983.
In his honour, a collection of articles entitled Philosophy and Society was published in Belgrade in 1987.
Social critic
After the Resolution of the Informbiro condemning the Yugoslav communist regime, Marković took part in a fierce debate against Stalinist dogmatism, becoming one of the fiercest critics of the Stalinist philosophical theses. His Revision of the Philosophical Bases of Marxism in the USSR, published in 1952, was the first major attack on the Stalinist philosophy in Yugoslavia.
In the 1960s Marković became a major proponent of the Praxis School of Marxist interpretation, which emphasized the writings of young Marx, and their dialectical and humanist aspects in particular. He also actively contributed to the international journal Praxis. Due to his critical observations, together with seven other professors from the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade, Marković was suspended in January 1975, and finally lost his job in January 1981. After that, Marković worked in the Institute of Social Research until his retirement in 1986.
As a member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SANU) in 1986, Marković, together with others, wrote the SANU Memorandum, a document that has formulated the central tenets of Serbian nationalism. While the document has been viewed in some neighbouring former Yugoslav republics as a preparation for full-scale Greater Serbian expansionism, many Serbs considered it a realistic depiction of the Serbian position within Yugoslav federation.
During the Breakup of Yugoslavia, Marković considered that the borders of the country should be changed based on ethnic and historical grounds. Marković considered that the quasi-state Republic of Serbian Krajina, eastern Slavonia, Baranya and western Syrmia should not belong to Croatia because the Serbian people have lived in these territories for most of the centuries. He also considered that "the Albanian people lack any historical reasons to support their right to Kosovo", as they did not live in the territory before the arrival of the Slavs.
Political activity
Marković was vice-president of the Slobodan Milošević's Socialist Party of Serbia from 1990 to 1992, as well as its one time chief ideologue. At other times, he was a vocal critic of the official SPS party line. In November 1995 he was released from all duties in the party.
Bibliography
Revision of the Philosophical Bases of Marxism in the USSR (1952)
Logic (1956)
Formalism in Contemporary Logic (1957)
Dialectical Theory of Meaning, Belgrade 1961
Humanism and Dialectics (1967)
Dialektik der Praxis, Humanizm i djalektika, Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1968
Att utveckla socialismen, Stockholm, 1971
From Affluence to Praxis (Philosophy and social criticism), Ann Arbor, 1974
The Contemporary Marx, Nottingham, 1974
Philosophical Foundations of Science, Belgrade 1982
Selected Works in eight volumes, Belgrade, 1994
Freedom and Praxis, Belgrade 1997
Social Thought at the Border of Milenia, 1999
Storming the Sky: Memoirs, 2008
See also
Simo Elaković
References
External links
Mihailo Marković Archive
The Notion of Revolution (in Serbian)
Equality and Freedom (in Serbian)
The Causes of breaking up of Yugoslavia (in Serbian)
Reason and Ethos (in Serbian)
The Memorandum: Roots of Serbian nationalism: an interview with Mihailo Marković and Vasilije Krestić
Memorandum of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts: Answer to the Criticisms
Biography and Bibliography of Marković (in Serbian)
1999 NIN article about Mihailo Marković and the Praxis School (in Serbian)
Philosophy as a Way of Life – an interview with Mihailo Markovic (in Serbian)
A sort of super-Serb defends Serbian policy – an interview with Markovic (in English)
A Counter-revolution, and not all that velvety – an interview with Markovic (in English)
Philosophy that is Lived – a tribute to Markovic (in Serbian)
1923 births
2010 deaths
Yugoslav Partisans members
Serbian atheists
Scholars of Marxism
Social philosophy
20th-century Serbian philosophers
Serbian political philosophers
Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Serbian writers
Academic staff of the University of Belgrade
University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy alumni
Alumni of University College London
League of Communists of Serbia politicians
Socialist Party of Serbia politicians
Serbian humanists
Yugoslav philosophers
University of Michigan faculty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihailo%20Markovi%C4%87 |
In geometry, the small rhombihexahedron (or small rhombicube) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U18. It has 18 faces (12 squares and 6 octagons), 48 edges, and 24 vertices. Its vertex figure is an antiparallelogram.
Related polyhedra
This polyhedron shares the vertex arrangement with the stellated truncated hexahedron. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the convex rhombicuboctahedron (having 12 square faces in common) and with the small cubicuboctahedron (having the octagonal faces in common).
It may be constructed as the exclusive or (blend) of three octagonal prisms.
External links
Polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20rhombihexahedron |
In geometry, the small cubicuboctahedron is a uniform star polyhedron, indexed as U13. It has 20 faces (8 triangles, 6 squares, and 6 octagons), 48 edges, and 24 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral.
The small cubicuboctahedron is a faceting of the rhombicuboctahedron. Its square faces and its octagonal faces are parallel to those of a cube, while its triangular faces are parallel to those of an octahedron: hence the name cubicuboctahedron. The small suffix serves to distinguish it from the great cubicuboctahedron, which also has faces in the aforementioned directions.
Related polyhedra
It shares its vertex arrangement with the stellated truncated hexahedron. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the rhombicuboctahedron (having the triangular faces and 6 square faces in common), and with the small rhombihexahedron (having the octagonal faces in common).
Related tilings
As the Euler characteristic suggests, the small cubicuboctahedron is a toroidal polyhedron of genus 3 (topologically it is a surface of genus 3), and thus can be interpreted as a (polyhedral) immersion of a genus 3 polyhedral surface, in the complement of its 24 vertices, into 3-space. (A neighborhood of any vertex is topologically a cone on a figure-8, which cannot occur in an immersion. Note that the Richter reference overlooks this fact.) The underlying polyhedron (ignoring self-intersections) defines a uniform tiling of this surface, and so the small cubicuboctahedron is a uniform polyhedron. In the language of abstract polytopes, the small cubicuboctahedron is a faithful realization of this abstract toroidal polyhedron, meaning that it is a nondegenerate polyhedron and that they have the same symmetry group. In fact, every automorphism of the abstract genus 3 surface with this tiling is realized by an isometry of Euclidean space.
Higher genus surfaces (genus 2 or greater) admit a metric of negative constant curvature (by the uniformization theorem), and the universal cover of the resulting Riemann surface is the hyperbolic plane. The corresponding tiling of the hyperbolic plane has vertex figure 3.8.4.8 (triangle, octagon, square, octagon). If the surface is given the appropriate metric of curvature = −1, the covering map is a local isometry and thus the abstract vertex figure is the same. This tiling may be denoted by the Wythoff symbol 3 4 | 4, and is depicted on the right.
Alternatively and more subtly, by chopping up each square face into 2 triangles and each octagonal face into 6 triangles, the small cubicuboctahedron can be interpreted as a non-regular coloring of the combinatorially regular (not just uniform) tiling of the genus 3 surface by 56 equilateral triangles, meeting at 24 vertices, each with degree 7. This regular tiling is significant as it is a tiling of the Klein quartic, the genus 3 surface with the most symmetric metric (automorphisms of this tiling equal isometries of the surface), and the orientation-preseserving automorphism group of this surface is isomorphic to the projective special linear group PSL(2,7), equivalently GL(3,2) (the order 168 group of all orientation-preserving isometries). Note that the small cubicuboctahedron is not a realization of this abstract polyhedron, as it only has 24 orientation-preserving symmetries (not every abstract automorphism is realized by a Euclidean isometry) – the isometries of the small cubicuboctahedron preserve not only the triangular tiling, but also the coloring, and hence are a proper subgroup of the full isometry group.
The corresponding tiling of the hyperbolic plane (the universal covering) is the order-7 triangular tiling. The automorphism group of the Klein quartic can be augmented (by a symmetry which is not realized by a symmetry of the polyhedron, namely "exchanging the two endpoints of the edges that bisect the squares and octahedra) to yield the Mathieu group M24.
See also
Compound of five small cubicuboctahedra
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Toroidal polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20cubicuboctahedron |
Arthur Avilés (born 1963) is an American Bessie Award-winning dancer and choreographer of Puerto Rican descent. Avilés was born in Queens, New York, and raised in Long Island and the Bronx. He graduated from Bard College, a liberal arts college in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. After graduating from Bard, he became a member of the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company, and toured internationally with the company for eight years 1987 to 1995.
Mr. Avilés began his own company, the Arthur Aviles Typical Theatre (AATT), in 1996 in Paris, France, and moved the company to the Bronx that same year. In addition to his work with AATT, Avilés became the company choreographer for the Paris-based theatrical company Faim de Siecle, and has choreographed a series of productions that have been performed in the United States and in France.
In December 1998, he co-founded with Charles Rice-González BAAD! - The Bronx Academy of Arts and Dance, a new performance and workshop space in the American Bank Note Company Building, a warehouse in the Hunts Point section of the Bronx. In October 2013, the organization moved to Westchester Square into a gothic revivalist building on the campus of St. Peter's Episcopal Church. The New York Times has said that BAAD! is "a funky and welcoming performance space." In addition to the Bessie Award, Avilés received an Arts and Letters Award from his alma mater in 1995, a BRIO (Bronx Recognizes Its Own) Award from the Bronx Council on the Arts (BCA) in 1999, a PRIDE (Puerto Rican Initiative to Develop Empowerment) Award honoring outstanding contributions and services to the Puerto Rican, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Communities, a 2004 New York Foundation for the Arts Fellowship, in 2008 he received an award from NYC Comptroller Bill Thompson and a NYC Mayor's Arts Award, and 2015 received an honorary doctorate from Bard College. In 2005, AATT was among 406 New York City arts and social service institutions to receive part of a $20 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation, which was made possible through a donation by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg.
Anna Kisselgoff of The New York Times wrote, "If you don’t know Mr. Aviles, you haven’t seen one of the great modern dancers of the last 15 years." Jennifer Dunning, The New York Times dance critic, described his work as follows: "Arthur Aviles has developed an individual voice and style that might be compared to bold street theater and poster art, communicating his truths about life as seen as a gay male Puerto Rican through simple narratives that are always colorful and often poignant and amusing."
Since 1991, Aviles has collaborated extensively with his first cousin, the comedian and performer Elizabeth Marrero. He has also collaborated with other gay Puerto Rican performers such as Jorge Merced. Avilés is publicly gay, as he has indicated in interviews, and many of his dance pieces explore gay topics.
See also
Freda Rosen
References
Additional bibliography
Rivera-Servera, Ramón. "Latina/o Queer Futurities: Arthur Aviles Takes on the Bronx." Ollantay Theater Magazine 15.29-30 (2007): 127-46.
Rivera-Servera, Ramón. "Building Home: Arthur Aviles's Choreography of the Public Space." in Performing Queer Latinidad: Dance, Sexuality, Politics (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2012), 46-93.
La Fountain-Stokes, Lawrence. "A Naked Puerto Rican Faggot from America: An Interview with Arthur Avilés." CENTRO: Journal of the Center for Puerto Rican Studies 19.1 (Spring 2007): 314-29.
External links
Arthur Aviles Theatre Company
BAAD! Bronx Academy of Arts and Dance
1963 births
20th-century American dancers
21st-century American dancers
Living people
American choreographers
American male dancers
American people of Puerto Rican descent
Bard College alumni
Bessie Award winners
American gay artists
Modern dancers
Entertainers from the Bronx
People from Queens, New York
People from Long Island
LGBT Hispanic and Latino American people
21st-century American LGBT people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Aviles |
Sideritis, also known as ironwort, mountain tea, and shepherd's tea, is a genus of flowering plants known for their use as herbal medicine, commonly as a herbal tea. They are abundant in Mediterranean regions, the Balkans, the Iberian Peninsula and Macaronesia, but can also be found in Central Europe and temperate Asia.
History and etymology
In Greek, "sideritis" (Gr: σιδηρίτις) can be literally translated as "he who is made of iron". The plant was known to ancient Greeks, specifically Pedanius Dioscorides and Theophrastus. Although Dioscorides describes three species, only one (probably S. scordioides) is thought to belong to Sideritis. In ancient times "sideritis" was a generic reference for plants capable of healing wounds caused by iron weapons during battles. However, others hold that the name stems from the shape of the sepal, which resembles the tip of a spear.
Taxonomy
In 2002, molecular phylogenetic research found Sideritis and five other genera to be embedded in Stachys. Further studies will be needed before Stachys, Sideritis, and their closest relatives can be revised.
Some schemes recognize and categorize up to 319 distinct species, subspecies, ecotypes, forms or cultivars, including:
Sideritis barbellata Mend.-Heu. - endemic to the Canary Island of La Palma, Spain
Sideritis candicans Aiton - endemic to Madeira, Bugio Island and Porto Santo Island
Sideritis cypria Post - endemic to Cyprus
Sideritis elica - endemic to the Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria
Sideritis euboea Heldr - found in the island of Euboea
Sideritis hyssopifolia L. - mountains of the Iberian Peninsula
Sideritis lanata L. - native to the Balkans - Bulgaria, Greece and parts of former Yugoslavia - and Turkey
Sideritis leucantha Cav. - endemic to Spain
Sideritis macrostachyos Poir. - endemic to the Canary Island of Tenerife, Spain
Sideritis montana L. - native to Eurasia from Spain to China, as well as the Maghreb
Sideritis purpurea Talb. - found in western Greece, the Ionian Islands and Crete
Sideritis raiseri Boiss & Heldr - found in Mount Tomori, Albania
Sideritis romana L. - found in the Mediterranean
Sideritis scardica Gris. - native to the Sharr Mountains extending from Kosovo and North Macedonia to Albania, as well as to Bulgaria and Greece
Sideritis syriaca L., S. cretica Boiss, S. boissieri Magn. - found in Syria, Turkey and Crete and collectively known as Malotira ()
Sideritis theezans Boiss & Heldr - found in the Peloponnese
Botanists have encountered difficulties in naming and classifying the varieties of Sideritis due to their subtle differences. One particularly confusing case is that of S. angustifolia Lagasca and S. tragoriganum Lagasca.
Botany
The genus is composed of short (8–50 cm), xerophytic subshrubs or herbs, annual or perennial, that grow at high altitudes (usually over 1000 m) with little or no soil, often on the surface of rocks.
It is pubescent, either villous or coated by a fine, woolly layer of microscopic intertwined hairs.
Sideritis inflorescence is verticillaster.
Gallery
Uses
In Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, North Macedonia, and Turkey, Sideritis scardica, Sideritis clandestina, Sideritis syriaca, Sideritis perfoliata and various other species from the section Empedoclia are used as herbs either for the preparation of herbal teas, or for their aromatic properties in local cuisines. The herbal tea is commonly prepared by decoction, by boiling the stems, leaves and flowers in a pot of water, then often serving with honey and lemon.
Some plants in the genus have a history of use in traditional herbal medicine. Research into the potential effects has taken place in universities in the Netherlands and in the southern Balkans where the plant is indigenous.
Chemical constituents include diterpenoids and flavonoids.
Cultivation
Sideritis raeseri is the most commonly cultivated Sideritis in Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, and North Macedonia, where advanced hybrids also exist. Planting is recommended during two periods (October–November or February–March in the Northern hemisphere) and gathering in July, when in full bloom. The plant is typically dried before usage.
References
External links
Classification
Photos:
S. romana
S. lanata
Lamiaceae genera
Herbal tea
Albanian drinks
Greek drinks
Bulgarian drinks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sideritis |
Hubert Max Lanier (August 18, 1915 – January 30, 2007) was an American professional baseball pitcher. He spent most of his Major League Baseball (MLB) career with the St. Louis Cardinals, but also played for the New York Giants and St. Louis Browns. He led the National League in earned run average in 1943, and was the winning pitcher of the clinching game in the 1944 World Series against the Browns. His son Hal became a major league infielder and manager.
Career
Born in Denton, North Carolina, Lanier was one of a handful of players who remained active during the World War II years. A naturally right-handed player, he had become a left-handed pitcher only because he twice broke his right arm in childhood. After signing with the Cardinals in 1937, he reached the major leagues in 1938. He had arguably his best season in 1943, compiling a 15–7 record with a league-best 1.90 ERA. In 1944 he won a career-high 17 games and was the winner of the final game of the World Series against the crosstown Browns. He was named an NL All-Star in both 1943 and 1944.
Lanier, along with a dozen other major leaguers, defected to the Mexican League in 1946 after being offered a salary nearly double what he was making with the Cardinals. Disappointed by poor playing conditions and allegedly broken contract promises, he tried to return to the Cardinals in 1948 but was barred by an order from commissioner Happy Chandler, imposing a five-year suspension on all players who had jumped to the Mexican League. In response, Lanier and teammate Fred Martin, as well as Danny Gardella of the New York Giants, sued Major League Baseball in federal court, challenging baseball's reserve clause as a violation of U.S. antitrust law (preceding the similar suit by Curt Flood some 25 years later). Chandler reinstated Lanier and the other players in June 1949. Lanier immediately held out for more money than he was being paid at the time of his leaving for Mexico, but eventually signed a contract paying him the same amount as in 1946.
Lanier rejoined the Cardinals in 1949. After winning a total of 101 games for the club, he ended his career with the New York Giants (1952–53) and the Browns (1953).
Over fourteen seasons, Lanier posted a 108–82 record with 821 strikeouts and a 3.01 ERA in 1619 innings pitched, including 21 shutouts and 91 complete games. Lanier's son Hal, would play in professional baseball for ten years.
Lanier died at age 91 in Lecanto, Florida. He was posthumously inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame on August 20, 2023.
See also
List of second-generation Major League Baseball players
List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders
References
Further reading
Honig, Donald (1975) Baseball When the Grass Was Real: Baseball from the Twenties to the Forties Told by the Men Who Played It. New York: Coward, McGann & Geoghegan. pp. 208–222. .
External links
Max Lanier - Baseballbiography.com
1915 births
2007 deaths
Baseball players from North Carolina
Beaumont Exporters players
Columbus Red Birds players
Drummondville Cubs players
Greensboro Patriots players
Kansas City Royals scouts
Major League Baseball pitchers
Minor league baseball managers
National League All-Stars
National League ERA champions
New York Giants (NL) players
People from Denton, North Carolina
People from Dunnellon, Florida
St. Louis Cardinals players
St. Louis Browns players
San Francisco Giants scouts
Shreveport Sports players
Baseball players from St. Petersburg, Florida
Belmont Chiefs players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Lanier |
Steve Odland is an American businessman. He is the president and CEO of The Conference Board. He also is the former chairman and CEO of Office Depot, Inc. and AutoZone, Inc., and the former president and CEO of Tops Markets and the Committee for Economic Development.
Biography
Early life
Steve is a graduate of Mullen High School in Denver, Colorado.
He received his Bachelor's of Business Administration from The University of Notre Dame, and a Master's of Management degree from the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.
Career
Since June 2018 Odland has been president and CEO of The Conference Board. The non-profit business membership and research organization counts over 1,000 public and private corporations and other organizations as members, encompassing 60 countries. It convenes conferences and peer-learning groups, conducts economic and business management research, and publishes several widely tracked economic indicators. The organization's five core centers are Economy, Strategy & Finance; Public Policy/Committee for Economic Development; Marketing & Communications; Human Capital; and Environmental, Social & Governance (ESG). Notable research and economic indicator data include US Consumer Confidence; CEO Confidence; Help Wanted OnLine; Job Satisfaction; surveys of the C-Suite's top priorities for the year ahead; trends in CEO succession and boardroom diversity; and the leading economic and educational issues relating to public policy. He is a host of the organization's weekly podcast, CEO Perspectives, which features thought leaders discussing an array of topics relevant to business executives.
From 2013 to June 2018 he was president and CEO of the Committee for Economic Development, a non-partisan, business-led public policy organization that delivers well-researched analysis and reasoned solutions to the nation's most critical issues.
In 2017, in collaboration with Joseph Minarik, senior vice president and director of research at CED, Odland co-authored Sustaining Capitalism: Bipartisan Solutions to Restore Trust & Prosperity. The book lays out a clear plan for how business and policy leaders can generate prosperity for business and society now, all while making capitalism sustainable for generations to come. The book received coverage by, among other publications, Fortune, Yahoo! Finance, Bloomberg, and CNBC.
Steve began his career at the Quaker Oats Company. From 1981 to 1996 he progressed through various positions and divisions at Quaker including pet foods, Golden Grain, international foods, and cereals. From 1996 to 1998 he served as president of the Foodservice Division of Sara Lee Bakery. He subsequently became president and CEO of Tops Markets, a position he held until 2000.
From 2001 to 2005 Odland was president, chairman, and CEO of AutoZone. At the end of his tenure, AutoZone had over $5.6B in net sales, and approximately 3,500 stores and 45,000 employees across the U.S. and Mexico. He established the first corporate governance guidelines at the company. To drive teamwork and accountability he enacted, among other initiatives, the “40-headed CEO,” in which every month the 40 most senior executives (hence the "40-headed CEO”) convened for a half a day to review the company's operations, performance, and financials.
He was named top new CEO in 2002 by Bloomberg Markets Magazine.
From 2005 to 2010 Odland was chairman and CEO of Office Depot. During his tenure he implemented award-winning environmental initiatives ranging from green products to green buildings and energy saving measures. His commitment to diversity, including at the top echelons of the company, resulted in several awards and other accolades. The National Association for Female Executives named Office Depot as one of the top 30 companies dedicated to the advancement of women executives; the Women's Business Development Council named it the Florida Corporation of The Year; DiversityBusiness.com recognized the company as one of the top for multicultural business opportunities. Also, Office Depot's Supply Chain Diversity team published a catalog to exclusively feature Historically Underutilized Businesses – a first for the industry and one of the few such efforts in all of retailing. In the aftermath of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, the Office Depot Foundation donated $10,000 to Doctors Without Borders to provide medical supplies; it also donated $10,000 to Feed The Children.
He is the 2007 recipient of Florida Atlantic University's Business Leader of the Year.
From 2011 to 2012 he taught as an adjunct professor in the graduate schools of business at Florida Atlantic University and Lynn University.
He is profiled in the books, Nobodies to Somebodies: How 100 Great Careers Got Their Start, and Leaders on Ethics: Real-world Perspectives on Today’s Business Challenges.
He currently is a Director of General Mills, Inc. He is a senior advisor at PJ SOLOMON, a Trustee of The Conference Board, and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Odland is a Contributor to CNBC, a frequent guest on CBS News, and a former Contributor to Forbes.
Odland is a former Director of Analogic Corporation. He also has been a member of the Business Roundtable and Chairman of its Corporate Governance Taskforce; a U.S. Presidential Appointee as commissioner on the National Surface Transportation Policy and Revenue Study Commission; a member of the Committee on Capital Markets Regulation; a U.S. Presidential Appointee on the President's Council on Service and Civic Participation; a member of the Advisory Council of the Institute for Corporate Ethics; a member of the Advisory Council of the University of Notre Dame Mendoza College of Business; Chairman of Memphis Tomorrow; and a member of the Florida Council of 100.
References
External links
1958 births
Living people
University of Notre Dame alumni
Kellogg School of Management alumni
American nonprofit chief executives
Florida Atlantic University faculty
Lynn University people
American retail chief executives
Quaker Oats Company people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Odland |
Hardy Rawls is a character actor. In 2003, Adweek and Ad Age, described Rawls' best-known role as that of the father on Nickelodeon's The Adventures of Pete & Pete. For Maytag's 2004 marketing campaign, Rawls became the third actor to portray Ol' Lonely, replacing the retiring Gordon Jump; Rawls was, in turn, replaced by Richmond, Virginia real estate broker Clay Jackson on April 2, 2007. Rawls also performed in NBC's 1987 television film Bates Motel.
References
External links
20th-century male actors
21st-century male actors
living people
male television actors
place of birth missing (living people)
year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardy%20Rawls |
Mr. Blotto is a jam band from Chicago, Illinois. They blend hard rock, original rock, southern rock, folk music, and country rock. They formed in 1991, and continue to tour extensively in the midwest area. Along with their seven album releases and four DVDs, they have also released four "official bootleg" albums of their live recordings. Their most recent release "Live at the Leaf" chronicles a weekend in New Orleans playing at the legendary Maple Leaf. It was released in 2018.
History
The core of Mr. Blotto is the brother songwriting team of Mike and Paul Bolger, who had played together in garage rock bands throughout high school. They went in separate directions musically when they attended different colleges, Mike leaning towards the hardcore punk stylings of Hüsker Dü, and Paul focusing on the resurgence of 70s rock like Aerosmith, while eventually discovering Crosby, Stills and Nash and the Grateful Dead, who would later become huge influences. After Paul graduated he decided to pursue the life of a full-time musician while Mike opted to become a lawyer. Paul landed a gig as the house singer in a Polish club in Chicago called "The Cardinal Club." It was here that Paul met guitarist Bob Georges and they decided to begin playing together.
Earlier the Bolger brothers played in the 1980s in a group called Fred, alongside future members of the Freddy Jones Band.
Paul and Bob found drummer Alan Baster at a jazz night, and hired him on. After several auditions for a bass player yielded no results, Paul convinced Mike to be an interim bass player. The band as a four-piece started hitting Chicago area open mic nights and outlying bars, developing their roots-oriented jamband sound and weaving a large number of reworked Grateful Dead songs into their sets to supplement the originals being penned by Paul, Mike and Bob. As their audience grew, Mike quit being a lawyer and became a full-fledged member.
They released Parking Karma and found their way into the larger bars and venues of the Chicago scene. After the album was released, Dave Allen - an old college bandmate of Paul's - joined on keyboards, filling out the bass-acoustic guitar-electric guitar-keyboards-drums ensemble that has remained consistent through personnel changes since.
In addition to Piano, Synths, & Hammond B-3, Dave supplied another singing voice and an ability to improvise lyrics that complemented a long-standing element of the early Blotto show, the "Reggae Rap," in which Paul would freestyle over a rock-steady type of beat.
In the mid-90s, they released a second CD, "Bad Hair Day," and continued their process of steadily playing shows in the Chicago area. By the end of the decade they had built their audience to the point that they were a significant draw at local performances and festivals.
1998 saw a third CD, Ancient Face; in 1999 Bob Georges was replaced by Mark Hague. The introduction of Mark (who had played with the Freddy Jones Band) marked a creative period for the band, and he helped pen the next generation of Mr. Blotto tunes. Paul, Mark & Mike started meeting every Monday to work on new original ideas. In these sessions, any idea would be chased down and put to tape. These songs became Cabbages and Kings, the 4th CD which (93.1) WXRT called the band's best release yet.
Around this time, the band addressed the constant demand for a Live Record. Mr. Blotto had been, from its inception, an improvisational band and had always allowed people to record the shows. A taper path was built that included an analog-to-digital converter, a distribution amplifier, and an open invitation for all to enjoy the high quality of a constant gain board patch in either digital or analog. As a result, clean Mr. Blotto boots began to cross the country, often in advance of the band—this is especially true outside of the Midwest, where they rarely tour.
Seeing as not everyone had a portable CD burner or DAT, Mr. Blotto began issuing Live Shows and Compilations. The Bootleg Series is a single CD of songs handpicked by the band for their unique characteristics, where the Just Did It series is made up of double-disc sets from one particular show or run of shows.
In 2005, Alan Baster left the band....and Mr. Blotto picked up a drummer from Indiana by the name of Tony Dellumo. Shortly thereafter Paul, Mark, Mike, Tony and Dave started in on a new album that was finished spring 2006. With help of the Grateful Dead lyricist John Perry Barlow, Mr. Blotto released their 5th studio album: "Barlow Shanghai."
When Dave "B3" Allen had to leave the band at the end of 2005, Mr. Blotto hired on another well-established musician in the Northwest Indiana music scene by the name of Steve Ball. Steve Ball is best known in Northwest Indiana and the Chicago music scene as not only a keyboard player, but also a guitar, bass, mandolin and harmonica journeyman.
In 2007, the group released an album jointly written with John Perry Barlow, who had previously worked as a lyricist with the Grateful Dead.
In 2009, Mr. Blotto played the Wakarusa festival and co-headlined the Little Turtle Music & Arts festival in Indiana alongside Los Lobos and The Willie Waldman Project.
Alan Baster returned as drummer in July 2009. Tony Dellumo left to drum with the band Chester Brown.
On May 29, 2013, the band announced that June 21, 2013 is the official release date for the new studio album, "Thread". The new album will contain 14 original songs, and will be available on-line and at the official CD Release Show at Martyr's in Chicago, IL
Origins of the band name Mr. Blotto
During a band interview with Planet 19 Media Productions, Mike and Paul described the origins of the name Mr. Blotto:
Mike: "We used to put "Mr." before things. It was like putting "est" at the end of something, so, uh, "I'm Mr. Thirsty, I gotta get something to drink", that kind of thing."
Paul: "We were at a Dead show and we were sideways and we said "I'm Mr. Blotto today" and thought it was funny."
Tapers
Mr. Blotto allows fans to record performances from the soundboard and many of these recordings can be heard at www.archive.org. 638 shows have been archived as of summer 2013. The oldest show being 5-29-1993.
Blottopia
The group hosted a yearly festival in Northern Illinois called Blottopia until 2018. Blottopia was a two-day camping festival held in July. The Festival was held along the Fox River at Vasa Park in Elgin, Illinois. from 2000 until 2011. The band has played a surprise album for the final encore on the second night since Blottopia II.
The 2012 Blottopia was held at Iron Horse in Sabula, Iowa.
From 2013 to 2015, Blottopia has been held at the Hideaway Lakes Campground in Yorkville, Illinois, once again on the Fox River.
The 2016 festival was held at Wardawgs Paintball in Holiday Hills, IL.
The 2017 festival moved yet again to Who Else Land in Dixon, IL.
Previous encores at Blottopia have included:
2000: NO ALBUM - there was a movie in the barn afterwards
2001: The Dark Side of the Moon by Pink Floyd
2002: The Doors by The Doors
2003: Led Zeppelin II by Led Zeppelin
2004: Who's Next by The Who
2005: Some Girls by The Rolling Stones
2006: Terrapin Station by The Grateful Dead
2007: Gamehendge by Phish
2008: Babylon by Bus by Bob Marley and the Wailers
2009: Stop Making Sense by Talking Heads
2010: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles
2011: Toys in the Attic by Aerosmith
2012: Eat a Peach by The Allman Brothers Band
2013: Sex Machine by James Brown
2014: Animals by Pink Floyd
2015: Physical Graffiti by Led Zeppelin
2016: Boston (album) by Boston
2017: At Fillmore East by The Allman Brothers Band
The Wire
Mr. Blotto singer Paul Bolger became an investor in the "Wire, a venue, school and recording space described as an incubator for musical ideas." The Wire was located in Berwyn on Roosevelt Road, two blocks from the famous nightclub Fitzgeralds, in an area that promises to become a music "destination", with dining and entertainment close by. Mr. Blotto performed concerts at the venue numerous times. The Wire closed in March 2020.
Members
Current
Paul Bolger - Lead Vocals & Acoustic Guitar
Mark Hague - Lead Guitar & Vocals
Mike Bolger - Bass & Vocals
Alan Baster - Drums
Steve Ball - Hammond B-3, Keyboards, Mandolin, Harmonica & Vocals
Former
Tony Dellumo - Drums
Dave "B3" Allen - Keyboards & Vocals (occasionally still performs with band)
Bob Georges - Lead Guitar
Discography
Parking Karma, 1992
Bad Hair Day, 1994
Ancient Face, 1998
Just Did It Live At The Vic Theatre, 1999
Bootleg Series #1, 2000
Cabbages and Kings, 2001
Bad Hair Decade, 2004
Barlow Shanghai, 2006
Blottopia VII DVD, 2007
Just Did It III (Live), 2009
Blottopia IX - Babylon by Bus Encore DVD, 2009
Blottopia VIII DVD, 2011
Blottopia IX DVD, 2011
Just Did It IV Blottumnal EQ (Live), 2012
Thread, 2013
Rules of the Road (EP), 2016
References
External links
Official site
Mr. Blotto collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive
Official Photo site
Wire
Rock music groups from Illinois
Musical groups from Chicago
Jam bands
Musical groups established in 1991
1991 establishments in Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr.%20Blotto |
Anne of Foix-Candale (1484 – 26 July 1506) was Queen of Hungary and Bohemia as the third wife of King Vladislaus II.
Biography
Anne was the daughter of Gaston of Foix, Count of Candale and Infanta Catherine of Navarre. Her mother was the youngest daughter of Queen Eleanor of Navarre and Gaston IV, Count of Foix. Anne grew up at the French royal court at Blois. She was educated in Latin and the Classics.
Louis I d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville, first cousin once removed of King Louis XII of France, is reported to have been in love with her and wished to marry her, but he was prevented from doing so because an illustrious political marriage was planned for Anne. The elderly, twice-divorced and childless king Vladislaus II of Hungary of the Jagiellon dynasty had been searching for a wife capable of giving him a son. His sights were set on a powerful alliance, and Anne, a member of the upper nobility of France related to several royal families, was a good choice. Anne was betrothed in 1500, a marriage contract was confirmed in 1501, and she wed Vladislaus by proxy at the French court at Blois in 1502. On her way to Hungary, she was much celebrated in Venice and other parts of Italy, causing a conflict between France and Hungary over who should pay the expenses. On 29 September 1502, Anne wed Vladislaus, this time in Székesfehérvár and she was crowned Queen of Hungary there that same day.
Anne brought some members of the French court as well as French advisors with her to Hungary. The relationship was happy at least from the king's view, and he is reported to have regarded her as a friend, assistant and a trusted advisor. She incurred debts in Venice and was said to favour this city all her life. In 1506, her signature was placed on a document alongside the king's regarding an alliance with the Habsburgs. On 23 July 1503, Anne gave birth to a daughter, known as Anna Jagellonica, and on 1 July 1506, to the long-awaited male heir, the future king Louis II. She enjoyed great popularity, but her pregnancies ruined her health. She died in Buda on 26 July 1506, a little more than three weeks after the birth of her son due to complications from delivery. She was 22.
Children
Although Anna was Vladislaus II's third wife, she gave birth to his only surviving legitimate children, both of whom were born in Buda:
Anna of Bohemia and Hungary, later Queen consort of Hungary and Bohemia. Married Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, and they inherited Bohemia and what was left of Hungary.
Louis II of Hungary, killed at the Battle of Mohács on 29 August 1526. Married Maria of Austria, and their marriage was childless, although he fathered illegitimate issue.
Ancestry
References
Sources
Further reading
Anthony, Raoul: Identification et Etude des Ossements des Rois de Navarre inhumés dans la Cathédrale de Lescar (Identification and Study of the Bones of the Kings of Navarre buried at the Cathedral of Lescar). Paris. Masson. 1931
Birkás, Géza: Francia utazók Magyarországon (French Travellers in Hungary). Acta Universitatis Szegediensis: Sectio philologica, Tomus 16. Szeged. 228 pp. 1948
Byrne, Francis John: Irish Kings and High-Kings. London: Batsford. 1973
Dobosy, Tibor: Pierre Choque, Anna magyar királyné francia kísérője (Pierre Choque, The French Attendant of Hungarian Queen Anne). Budapest. 1940
Fógel, József: II. Ulászló udvartartása (The Court of Vladislaus II) (1490–1516). MTA (The Hungarian Academy of Science). Budapest. 166 pp. 1913
Kšír, Josef: K původu české královny Anny (To the Origin of Bohemian Queen Anne). Genealogické a heraldické listy (GaHL) (Genealogical and Heraldical Lists) 21. 40–47. Prague. 2001
Macek, Josef: Tři ženy krále Vladislava (The Three Wives of King Vladislaus). Prague. Mladá fronta. 1991
Marczali, Henrik: Candalei Anna II. Ulászló neje, magyarországi útjának és a menyegzői ünnepélyek leírása (Közlemények a párisi Nemzeti könyvtárból 1448–1596, 83–122) (The Description of the Route to Hungary and the Wedding of Anne of Foix, the Wife of Vladislaus II. Announcements from the National Library of Paris in French 1448–1596). Magyar Történelmi Tár (Hungarian Historical Journal) 23. 97–113. 1877
Solymosi, László (ed.): Magyarország történeti kronológiája I. A kezdetektől 1526-ig (The Historical Chronology of Hungary. From the Beginnings to 1526). főszerk. (editor-in-chief): Kálmán Benda. Budapest. 1981
Váralljai Csocsány, Jenő: A magyar monarchia és az európai reneszánsz Kráter Egyesület Kiadó, 2005
Wenzel, Gusztáv: II. Ulászló magyar és cseh királynak házas élete (The Marriages of Vladislaus II, King of Hungary and Bohemia). Századok (Periodical Centuries). 631–641, 727-757 és 816–840. 1877
|-
1484 births
1506 deaths
15th-century Hungarian nobility
16th-century Hungarian nobility
Queens consort of Bohemia
Burials at the Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Deaths in childbirth
House of Foix
Hungarian people of British descent
Hungarian people of French descent
Queens consort of Hungary
15th-century Hungarian people
15th-century Hungarian women
16th-century Hungarian people
16th-century Hungarian women
15th-century people from Bohemia
15th-century women from Bohemia
16th-century people from Bohemia
16th-century women from Bohemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%20of%20Foix-Candale |
The lightweight class in the boxing at the 1964 Summer Olympics competition was the fourth-lightest class. Lightweights were limited to those boxers weighing less than 60 kilograms. 34 boxers from 34 nations competed.
Medallists
Results
References
Sources
L | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxing%20at%20the%201964%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Lightweight |
Nine Reasons to Say Goodbye is an album by the rock band A Day in the Life. It was released in 2001 and is the only album by the band under the A Day in the Life name before their name change to Hawthorne Heights. It features their entire original lineup.
It was re-released in 2005 by Carbon Copy Media with a second disc that contains songs by 4 other bands who were signed to Carbon Copy Media, plus two other songs by A Day in the Life.
The album cover is lead vocalist JT Woodruff taking a selfie in a bathroom mirror.
Track listing
"The Death of a Dream" - 0:48
"Control Alt Delete" - 2:15
"Do You Have a Map, Because I'm Lost in Your Eyes" - 3:08
"The Girl That Destroyed Me" - 2:34
"Candycanes and Cola" - 3:06
"Audrey in Sacramento" - 2:41
"Photograph" - 2:27
"Until Her Heart Stops" - 2:56
"I'm Not Crying, My Eyeballs Are Sweating" - 2:35
Re-release track listing
Disc 1
"The Death of a Dream" - 0:48
"Control Alt Delete" - 2:15
"Do You Have a Map, Because I'm Lost in Your Eyes" - 3:08
"The Girl That Destroyed Me" - 2:34
"Candycanes and Cola" - 3:06
"Audrey in Sacramento" - 2:39
"Photograph" - 2:27
"Until Her Heart Stops" - 2:56
"I'm Not Crying, My Eyeballs Are Sweating" - 2:35
Disc 2
Brighten: "Ready When You Are" - 3:19
Brighten: "The Better Way" - 3:46
Ivory: "Don't Go" - 3:19
Ivory: "Coast of Maine" - 4:03
Ellison: "Your Goodbyes" - 3:40
Ellison: "Following You" - 3:36
Asteria: "Drink Life to the Lees" - 3:09
Asteria: "A Lesson in Charades" - 3:42
A Day in the Life: "The Girl That Destroyed Me" - 2:32
A Day in the Life: "Control Alt Delete" - 2:13
References
A Day in the Life (band) albums
2001 debut albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine%20Reasons%20to%20Say%20Goodbye |
Mark Alan Royals (born June 22, 1965) is a former American football punter in the National Football League (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Cardinals, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Pittsburgh Steelers, Detroit Lions, New Orleans Saints, Miami Dolphins and Jacksonville Jaguars. He played college football at Appalachian State University.
Early years
Royals attended Mathews High School, where he practiced football and baseball.
In football, he punted, kicked off and played multiple positions (cornerback, tight end, defensive end).
College career
Royals enrolled at Chowan Junior College. As a freshman, he contributed to the team winning the 1981 East Bowl Championship. As a sophomore, he received All-Conference honors.
Royals transferred after his sophomore season to Appalachian State University. He averaged 42.0 yards in three seasons as a starter.
He finished his college career with 6 school records: single-game punts (13 vs. The Citadel in 1985), single-season punts (85 in 1984), career punts (231), single-game punting yards (512), single-season punting yards (3,529 in 1984) and career punting yards (9,670).
In 2006, he was inducted into the Chowan Athletics Hall of Fame. In 2009, he was inducted into the Appalachian State University Athletics Hall of Fame.
Professional career
Dallas Cowboys
Royals was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Dallas Cowboys after the 1986 NFL Draft. On August 8, he was released before the start of the season, after not being able to pass incumbent Mike Saxon on the depth chart.
St. Louis Cardinals (first stint)
On September 30, 1987, he signed as a replacement player with the St. Louis Cardinals, after the NFLPA strike was declared on the third week of the season. In the first strike game against the Washington Redskins, he made six punts for 222 yards (37-yard average). On October 9, he was released after starter Greg Cater crossed the picket line.
Philadelphia Eagles
On October 14, 1987, he signed as a replacement player with the Philadelphia Eagles, to help solve the kicking problems the team was having. He played in one game against the Green Bay Packers, hitting 6 punts for a 41.8-yard average. He was cut on October 19, at the end of the strike.
Phoenix Cardinals (second stint)
On April 1, 1988, he went to training camp with the Phoenix Cardinals. On July 27, he was waived after not beating Greg Horne.
Miami Dolphins (first stint)
In May 1989, he signed with the Miami Dolphins. On August 28, he was cut after not passing incumbent Reggie Roby on the depth chart.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (first stint)
On April 24, 1990, he was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He made the team after beating out Chris Mohr. He had 72 punts (40.3-yard avg.) and received All-rookie honors from Football Digest.
In 1991, he hit 84 punts (40.3-yard avg.), while setting a then-franchise record with 22 punts downed inside the 20-yard line. He had 6 punts for a season-best 46.8-yard average against the New Orleans Saints.
Pittsburgh Steelers
On March 15, 1992, he signed as a Plan B free agent with the Pittsburgh Steelers. He ranked fifth in the AFC with a 42.7-yard average per punt.
In 1993, he made 89 punts (42.5-yard avg.) and had 22 punts of 50 or more yards. He led the AFC with 28 punts inside the 20 and just 3 touchbacks. He received AFC Special Teams Player of the Week honors in the ninth game against the Buffalo Bills, after hitting a 58-yarder and downing 3 punts inside the 20. He had a career-high 11 punts against the New England Patriots.
Royals is also known for a bad punt he kicked in the AFC wildcard game between the Steelers and the Kansas City Chiefs on January 8, 1994. Near the end of the fourth quarter with Pittsburgh leading Kansas City by seven points, Royals failed to direct a punt towards a sideline, and instead, punted the ball forward directly towards the line of scrimmage. The punt was blocked and recovered by Kansas City. With 1:43 remaining in the fourth quarter and on 4th down, Kansas City quarterback Joe Montana threw a touchdown pass to receiver Tim Barnett. The ensuing PAT tied the game which then went into sudden death overtime. Kansas City kicker Nick Lowery eventually kicked the game winning field goal for the Chiefs eliminating the Steelers from the playoffs.
In 1994, he set club records with 97 punts and 3,849 punt yards, while averaging 39.7 yards and tying an NFL record with 35 punts downed inside the 20-yard line. He tied his career-best with 11 punts and set a career-high eight punts downed inside the 20, in the ninth game against the Houston Oilers. He averaged 44.4 yards per punt with a long of 55 yards in the AFC Championship Game against the San Diego Chargers.
Royals left as one of the punting leaders in franchise history with 259 punts (fourth), a 41.5-yard average (fourth) and 85 punts downed inside the 20-yard line (second).
Detroit Lions
On April 26, 1995, he signed as a free agent with the Detroit Lions. He averaged 42.0 yards per punt and hit a career-high 69-yarder. He had 6 punts for a 48.8-yard average against the Atlanta Falcons.
In 1996, he had 69 punts for a 43.8-yard average. He tallied a 49.8-yard average per punt against the New York Giants.
New Orleans Saints
On April 25, 1997, he was signed as a free agent by the New Orleans Saints. He led the league and set a franchise record with a 45.9-yard average. He also placed 21 punts inside the 20 and posted a net average of 34.9 yards. He was named NFC Special Teams Player of the Week, after hitting 6 punts for a 57-yard average against the Arizona Cardinals.
In 1998, he led the NFC with a 45.6-yard average on 88 punts, while setting a team record by leading the NFC in gross average in 2 consecutive seasons. He set a career-high net average of 36.0 yards and downed 26 punts inside the 20. He hit 7 punts for a 53.1-yard average against the Indianapolis Colts. He was named NFC Special Teams Player of the Week, after downing 5 punts inside the 20-yard line, including 3 in the fourth quarter against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
On June 29, 1999, he was cut after the team signed free agent Tommy Barnhardt.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers (second stint)
On August 4, 1999, he was signed as a free agent by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to replace Barnhardt. He appeared in all 16 games and ranked third in the NFC with a team single-season record gross average of 43.13 yards on 90 punts. He also ranked second in the conference with a net average of 37.4 (second in team history) and downed 23 punts inside the 20 (second in team history).
In 2000, he appeared in all 16 games, punting 85 times for 3,551 yards (41.8-yard avg.), including a long of 63 yards. He averaged 49.9 yards on seven punts against the New York Jets. In the 41–13 win over the Minnesota Vikings, he did not attempt a punt for the first time in his career. He completed a 36-yard pass to Damien Robinson on a fake punt and averaged 48.3 yards on four punts against the Atlanta Falcons.
In 2001, he punted 83 times for 3,382 yards (40.7-yard avg.), including a long of 61 yards, while setting the club's single-season record with 26 punts inside the 20. He had 7 punts for 319 yards (45.6-yard avg.) against the Detroit Lions, downing two inside the 20, including a season-long 61-yarder. He broke Frank Garcia's franchise record for career punts with his 378th against the St. Louis Cardinals.
On March 1, 2002, he was released because of for salary cap considerations.
Miami Dolphins (second stint)
On April 15, 2002, he was signed as a free agent by the Miami Dolphins, after they were not able to reach a contract agreement with Matt Turk. He punted 69 times for 2,772 yards, a 40.2-yard average (his worst average in 13 seasons as a starting punter), a net of 34.5 (eighth in the AFC) and 15 punts inside the 20. He also served as the holder on placements. Against the Detroit Lions, he had a season-best 47.8-yard average on five punts, including a long punt of 56 yards. Against the Indianapolis Colts, he had a 47.3-yard average on four punts and a season-high with 2 punts inside the 20.
On September 27, 2003, he was released after averaging 40.2 yards on 16 punts during the first three
games of the season, ranking him among the worst punters in the NFL, and continuing the trend of his punting average continually dropping 5 straight seasons. He was replaced with Turk.
Jacksonville Jaguars
On October 10, 2003, he signed as a free agent with the Jacksonville Jaguars, to replace Pro Bowler Chris Hanson. During that season, head coach Jack Del Rio placed a wooden stump and axe in the Jaguars locker room as a symbol of his theme advising players to "keep choppin' wood". After his teammates had been taking swings at the wood with the axe, Hanson followed and ended up seriously wounding his non-kicking foot, which forced him to be placed on injured reserve on October 10. Royals punted 45 times for 1,852 yards and a 41.2 average. He wasn't re-signed after the season.
Personal life
Royals was a color commentator for coverage of the Arena Football League's Tampa Bay Storm on the regional sports television network Spectrum Sports Florida. He also co-hosted various sports radio shows.
References
1965 births
Living people
American football punters
Chowan Hawks football players
Appalachian State Mountaineers football players
Dallas Cowboys players
Philadelphia Eagles players
St. Louis Cardinals (football) players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Detroit Lions players
New Orleans Saints players
Miami Dolphins players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
American color commentators
Players of American football from Hampton, Virginia
People from Mathews, Virginia
National Football League replacement players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Royals |
Buckhorn is the name of two unincorporated communities in the U.S. state of California:
Buckhorn, Amador County, California
Buckhorn, Ventura County, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckhorn%2C%20California |
James Wesley Cotton (born December 14, 1975) is an American former professional basketball player who played for the Seattle SuperSonics in the National Basketball Association. He played college basketball for the Long Beach State 49ers. He was selected by Seattle in the second round of the 1997 NBA draft.
Cotton was born in Los Angeles, California, and played basketball at Artesia High School in Lakewood before transferring to St. John Bosco High School in Bellflower. He played college basketball at Long Beach State. Cotton requested he be redshirted at the university.
Cotton, a 6' 5" (1.96 m) shooting guard, left Long Beach State early and was selected with the fourth pick of the second round (32nd pick overall) in the 1997 NBA draft by the Denver Nuggets. His rights were then traded to the Seattle SuperSonics in a swap for the draft rights to Bobby Jackson.
He was used sparingly by the Sonics over two seasons until he and Hersey Hawkins were involved in a player trade to the Chicago Bulls in exchange for Brent Barry on August 12, 1999. Cotton was waived by the Bulls prior to the commencement of the 1999–2000 NBA season. He also played with the West Sydney Razorbacks in the Australian National Basketball League.
Cotton's younger brother, Schea, also became a pro basketball player.
References
External links
Early article about James Cotton by Rick Alonzo
1975 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Los Angeles
Denver Nuggets draft picks
Long Beach State Beach men's basketball players
Seattle SuperSonics players
Shooting guards
West Sydney Razorbacks players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Cotton%20%28basketball%29 |
Mi goreng may refer to:
Mie goreng, Indonesian fried noodle
Mee goreng, Bruneian, Malaysian, or Singaporean fried noodle | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%20goreng |
In geometry, the nonconvex great rhombicuboctahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U17. It has 26 faces (8 triangles and 18 squares), 48 edges, and 24 vertices. It is represented by the Schläfli symbol rr{4,} and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram of . Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral.
This model shares the name with the convex great rhombicuboctahedron, also called the truncated cuboctahedron.
An alternative name for this figure is quasirhombicuboctahedron. From that derives its Bowers acronym: querco.
Orthographic projections
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a nonconvex great rhombicuboctahedron centered at the origin with edge length 1 are all the permutations of
(±ξ, ±1, ±1),
where ξ = − 1.
Related polyhedra
It shares the vertex arrangement with the convex truncated cube. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the great cubicuboctahedron (having the triangular faces and 6 square faces in common), and with the great rhombihexahedron (having 12 square faces in common). It has the same vertex figure as the pseudo great rhombicuboctahedron, which is not a uniform polyhedron.
Great deltoidal icositetrahedron
The great deltoidal icositetrahedron is the dual of the nonconvex great rhombicuboctahedron.
References
External links
Great Rhombicuboctahedron Paper model
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonconvex%20great%20rhombicuboctahedron |
The men's 1500 m speed skating competition for the 2006 Winter Olympics was held in Turin, Italy.
Records
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follows.
No new world or Olympic records were set during this competition.
Results
References
External links
Men's speed skating at the 2006 Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed%20skating%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%201500%20metres |
Harold Clifton Lanier (born July 4, 1942) is an American former infielder, coach and manager in Major League Baseball. Known as a brainy, defense-first player, he won National League Manager of the Year as a rookie manager for leading the Astros to the National League West division championship in 1986. From November 2014 through the end of his 2018 contract, Lanier served as the first manager of the Ottawa Champions of the independent Can-Am League. From through , Lanier played for the San Francisco Giants (1964–71) and New York Yankees (1972–73). He is the son of Max Lanier, a former MLB All-Star pitcher.
Playing career
In his rookie season Lanier posted a career-high .274 batting average for the San Francisco Giants and was selected for the 1964 Topps All-Star Rookie team.
Lanier once scored from first base on a bunt.
Lanier ran into trouble with Willie Mays in 1965. Due to the unpredictable winds at Candlestick Park, Mays used to position the infielders on how to play the ball. When Lanier ignored his signal a couple times during a game, Mays asked manager Herman Franks to bench Lanier for a few games. However, by the end of the season, Mays had made Lanier the infield captain for the Giants, in charge of taking a trip to the mound if a pitcher needed a break.
In 1968, Lanier led NL shortstops in putouts (282) and fielding average (.979). After that, he moved from second base to shortstop, and finally to third base. He also played in part of two seasons with the New York Yankees.
In a 10-season career, Lanier was a .228 hitter with eight home runs and 273 RBI in 1196 games played. In each of the three seasons from 1967 to 1969 he ranked last among NL qualifiers in average, on-base percentage, and slugging percentage.
Managerial career
Following his playing career, Lanier managed in the minors and served as third base coach for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1981–85, including the 1982 World Series and National League champion teams. He was hired on November 5, 1985, to manage the Houston Astros, replacing Bob Lillis.
In 1986, he was named NL Manager of the Year by the BBWA and TSN for leading the Astros to their first Division title since 1980 and the best record (96-66) in team history up to that point, which greatly surpassed expectations from a team that had finished fourth the previous year and hadn't won 90 games since 1980. Sports Illustrated, for example, had ranked the Astros as the 22nd best team in baseball prior to the season.
He utilized an aggressive strategy built on pitching and baserunning meant to mirror the Cardinal teams he had coached on. The Astros had a four-man rotation of players over 26 that started at least 25 games in Mike Scott (18 wins), Bob Knepper (17 wins), Nolan Ryan (twelve wins) and Jim Deshaies (twelve wins); the 3.15 ERA as a team was second best in the National League. While they finished eighth in runs scored for National League teams (654), the Astros had three players steal at least twenty bases. They were one game behind in the division (47-41) leading to the 1986 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, held in Houston. They won ten of the 14 games after the All-Star break, which included five straight walk-off victories; they won 14 of their last 18 games to clinch the division title, which famously saw the division be clinched in the Astrodome on a no-hitter pitched by Scott on September 25.
Lanier was the first rookie manager to win the Manager of the Year award, edging out Davey Johnson with 19 out of 24 first-place votes. The Astros faced Johnson and the National League East champion New York Mets (who won 108 games) in the 1986 National League Championship Series. The Mets would win the series in six games, as the Astros could only pull their victories from their ace Mike Scott in Game 1 and Game 4 (Scott, who allowed one total earned run in two complete games, would've likely started Game 7). All six games were close: Game 3 saw a one run lead in the 9th turn into a walkoff win for the Mets, while Game 5 saw the Astros lose on a walkoff single in the 12th, and Game 6 saw them lose a 3-0 lead in the 9th in an eventual 7-6 loss in the 16th.
A power struggle between Lanier and Astros' general manager Dick Wagner in 1987 eventually led to Wagner leaving the team; the team went 76-86 that season, as they gave up more runs (678) than they scored as a whole (648). Indicative of their problems was Nolan Ryan, who had a 2.76 ERA (best among the five usual Astro starters) but a win-loss record of 8-16. The Astros lost 26 of their last 37 games that year, and Lanier cited an dislocated finger injury suffered by starting catcher Alan Ashby as a key to their late fizzle.
Lanier was described as an emotional manager who had moments when his temper get the best of him, and he admitted to being a firm manager (albeit one who seemed right in being firm when the team won games). In 1988, the Astros lost a home game to the San Francisco Giants. As the team prepared to eat the post-game meal, take showers, and go home, they received word they were wanted back on the field. Lanier brought out the batting cage and ordered the team to take batting practice again. Lanier was fired at the end of the season, having gone 80-82 in his third season. The Astros scored 617 runs and allowed 631, finishing eighth in both categories in the National League. Astro owner John McMullen cited the need for a clean slate in firing Lanier. Lanier was replaced by Art Howe. In three total seasons, Lanier had a 254-232 win–loss record.
Later career
Lanier had one major league job in the coming years, but not as manager. He interviewed for the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals in 1990 (Lou Pinella and Joe Torre were hired, respectively) and the New York Yankees in 1991 (Buck Showalter was hired). He served as the bench coach for the Philadelphia Phillies under Nick Leyva for the 1990 and 1991 seasons before Levya was fired.
In recent years, Lanier has managed in the independent minor leagues. He managed for the Winnipeg Goldeyes in the Northern League from 1996 to 2006; they reached the championship series five times but lost each time. He moved to the Joliet Jackhammers for 2006 and 2007.
He moved to the Can-Am League to manage the Sussex Skyhawks in 2008. While with the Skyhawks, Lanier led the team to the league championship that year over the Quebec Capitales in the Can-Am League Championship Series. He left the Skyhawks following the 2009 season to become manager of the Normal CornBelters after a horrid 2009 season, where he managed the CornBelters in the Frontier League from 2010 to 2011.
On December 12, 2012, the Yuma Desert Rats of the independent American West Baseball League, announced they had come to terms with Lanier to manage the Desert Rats for the 2013 season, however the team folded before playing a game. On November 18, 2014, the Ottawa Champions of the Can-Am League announced that Lanier would be their manager for the 2015 season. On September 17, 2016, his team beat the Rockland Boulders 3-1 to win the 2016 league championship three games to two. In late 2018, Lanier was fired by Ottawa after the Champions missed the playoffs in two consecutive seasons.
Personal life
Lanier's father Max Lanier played fifteen years and pitched in the World Series three times. Lanier's mother died in a Christmas Eve car crash when Hal was six years old; his father later remarried.
On March 6, 1986, Lanier married Mary Ross in St. Louis.
Lanier has been married three times, and has one daughter from each. The first two are biological, and the third a stepdaughter due to his 2001 marriage to current wife, Pam.
When not involved in baseball, Lanier enjoyed playing golf.
See also
Houston Astros award winners and league leaders
List of second-generation Major League Baseball players
References
External links
Hal Lanier Biography at Baseball Biography
Retrosheet
New York Yankees players
San Francisco Giants players
Houston Astros managers
Major League Baseball infielders
Manager of the Year Award winners
Baseball players from North Carolina
St. Louis Cardinals coaches
1942 births
Living people
Major League Baseball shortstops
Major League Baseball second basemen
Major League Baseball third basemen
Major League Baseball third base coaches
Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010) managers
People from Denton, North Carolina
Minor league baseball managers
Quincy Giants players
Fresno Giants players
Tacoma Giants players
Arizona Instructional League Giants players
Tulsa Oilers (baseball) players
Springfield Redbirds players
Gastonia Cardinals players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%20Lanier |
In geometry, the small dodecahemidodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as . It has 18 faces (12 pentagons and 6 decagons), 60 edges, and 30 vertices. Its vertex figure alternates two regular pentagons and decagons as a crossed quadrilateral.
It is a hemipolyhedron with six decagonal faces passing through the model center.
Related polyhedra
It shares its edge arrangement with the icosidodecahedron (its convex hull, having the pentagonal faces in common), and with the small icosihemidodecahedron (having the decagonal faces in common).
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20dodecahemidodecahedron |
Becky Lourey (born September 24, 1943) is an American politician, a former Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor Party (DFL) state senator and state representative, and a former Minnesota gubernatorial candidate. Her son Matt served in the U.S. Army and was killed on May 27, 2005, as a result of injuries received in combat over Buhriz, Iraq, where he was serving in his second tour of duty.
Lourey was elected to the Minnesota House of Representatives in 1990, defeating a longtime incumbent Republican, and became the first woman to represent her rural district. She was reelected in 1992 and 1994. Lourey was elected to the Minnesota Senate in 1996, again defeating a veteran incumbent, later becoming chair of the Senate Health and Family Security Committee and earning a reputation as an expert on health care.
Lourey did not run for reelection in 2006. Her son Tony held her former seat until 2018, after which he was appointed to Governor Tim Walz's cabinet.
2006 campaign for governor
Lourey announced her candidacy for governor in November 2005. She lost the DFL Party endorsement to Attorney General Mike Hatch, gaining the support of 31% of the delegates on the first ballot, with 38% voting for Hatch and 29% voting for Steve Kelley. She withdrew from the endorsement process after the third ballot after falling behind Kelley, with Hatch's vote total increasing. She ran against Hatch in the September primary, losing with 24% of the vote.
Lourey's gubernatorial campaign health care platform was the Health Care Security Plan, which included a plan for universal health coverage in Minnesota by 2010. That system would have been voluntary, not mandatory, like the Massachusetts health program enacted in 2006. The platform also included other state-level health reform proposals, including the current Minnesota Medical Association's proposal.
At the heart of Lourey's health care plan was expanding and reforming MinnesotaCare, a state program providing health insurance to low-income Minnesotans that she, along with several others, had authored in the state legislature in 1993. Under Lourey's plan, all Minnesotans would have been eligible to join MinnesotaCare by 2010. Employers could participate by offering their employer plan via a BusinessCare program to be created as part of MinnesotaCare. Lourey's plan had several cost containment measures, including a requirement that any HMOs, private health insurers or Third Party Administrators receiving contracts to administer state-funded health plans spend no more than 5% on administrative expenses.
Lourey is the currently the owner of Nemadji Research Corporation, which specializes in "cost recovery and revenue maximization for health care providers."
Electoral history
2006 race for governor - Democratic primary
Mike Hatch (DFL), 73%
Becky Lourey (DFL), 24%
2002 race for Minnesota Senate - District 8
Becky Lourey (DFL) (inc.), 55%
Bruce Nelson (R), 31%
Steve Keillor (IPL), 8%
2000 race for Minnesota Senate - District 8
Becky Lourey (DFL) (inc.), 68%
Dennis Janssen (R), 33%
References
External links
Lourey's campaign website
Campaign 2006: Becky Lourey (Minnesota Public Radio)
1943 births
Living people
Democratic Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives
Democratic Party Minnesota state senators
Women state legislators in Minnesota
People from Pine County, Minnesota
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
People from Little Falls, Minnesota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becky%20Lourey |
The Lafayette School Corporation administers three high schools, one intermediate school, one Jr. High School and eight elementary schools in Lafayette, Indiana. Its administrative offices are at 2300 Cason Street in Lafayette, Indiana.
History of the Lafayette School Corporation
Originally known as the School City of Lafayette, the district became the Lafayette School Corporation on January 1, 1963. Its superintendents have included:
A. J. Vawter, 1855–1863
J. W. Molière, 1863–1867
Jacob Merrill, 1867–1890
Edward Ayres, 1890–1902
Russell Bedgood, 1902–1904
Robert F. Hight, 1904–1921
D. W. Horton, 1921–1923
A. E. Highley, 1923–1932
Morris E. McCarty, 1932–1947
Aaron T. Lindley, 1947–1952
Dr. J. Russell Hiatt, 1952
Dr. Edward Eiler
The district's current superintendent is Mr. Les Huddle.
Lafayette's school system has built a reputation for extracurricular programs, especially its band, choral, and visual arts programs. The Marching Bronchos, currently under the direction of Tyler Long, have qualified for ISSMA State Marching Band Finals seven times since 1983 and have performed in Hollywood, Philadelphia, Orlando and Hawaii. The wind ensemble has consistently qualified for ISSMA State Concert Band Finals since 2001. The concert choir, Varsity Singers, under the direction of Michael Bennett, has consistently qualified for ISSMA State Concert Choir Finals since 1994, receiving second-place honors three times and placing first in 2018. The show choir The First Edition is nationally known, including performances in Miami, Orlando, Philadelphia, Nashville, Washington D.C., Chicago, Boston, Los Angeles, New York City, Europe, Mexico and the Bahamas, and has been recognized on four occasions since 1990 by the Indiana General Assembly for outstanding achievements in musical performance and community contributions. Students in the visual arts program consistently take top honors at state and national level competitions.
Board of School Trustees
Current members of the elected non-partisan Board of School Trustees of the Lafayette School Corporation include:
All regular meetings of the Board of School Trustees of the Lafayette School Corporation are held at the Hiatt Administration Center located at 2300 Cason St. in Lafayette, Indiana, on the second Monday of each month at 7 p.m.
Schools
High schools
Jefferson High School
Oakland Academy
Greater Lafayette Career Academy
Middle schools
Lafayette Sunnyside Intermediate School
Lafayette Tecumseh Junior High School
Elementary schools
Earhart Elementary School
Edgelea Elementary School
Glen Acres Elementary School
Miami Elementary School
Miller Elementary School
Murdock Elementary School
Oakland Elementary School
Vinton Elementary School
2006-2008 school years
In August 2006, Lafayette Tecumseh Junior High School (formerly Tecumseh Middle School) was renamed and assigned to serve all seventh and eighth-grade students in the LSC. Lafayette Sunnyside Middle School was renamed Sunnyside Intermediate School and started serving all fifth and sixth-grade students in 2010.
References
Cecil S. Webb, Historical Growth of the Schools of Lafayette, Indiana, Lafayette School Corporation, 1972.
External links
Lafayette School Corporation
Lafayette, Indiana
School districts in Indiana
School districts established in 1855
Education in Tippecanoe County, Indiana
1855 establishments in Indiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lafayette%20School%20Corporation |
Smila ( ) is a city located on Dnieper Upland near the Tyasmyn River, in Cherkasy Raion, Cherkasy Oblast of Ukraine. The Tyasmyn River, a tributary of the Dnieper River, flows through the city. In January 2022, the estimated population was 65 675, a 1.2% decrease from 2021.
Geography
Climate
The climate in Smila is moderately continental. Winters are cold with frequent snow. Summers are warm and can be hot in July, with little rain. Periods of temperatures higher than +10 last up to 170 days. The average annual precipitation is 450–520 mm.
History
Smila arose from an early Cossack settlement founded in the late 16th century. It later came under Polish rule.
The construction of the Fastiv-Znamianka railway line spurred industrial growth in Smila- in 1910, the town had 23 factories and a population of 29 000.
During the Second World War, the Wehrmacht deployed Stalag 345 near Smila to hold Soviet prisoners of war. The camp was kept near Smila from early 1941 until December 1943, when the camp was moved to Zagreb.
In 1957, a machine repairs factory established in 1930 was repurposed to produce new machinery. The plant produced machines for food and transportation industries, and in 1972 it employed over a thousand workers.
In 1989 the population of Smila was 77,500.
Until 18 July 2020, Smila was designated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Smila Raion though it did not belong to the raion. The settlements of Ploske and Irdynivka were subordinated to Smila city council. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Cherkasy Oblast to four, the city was merged into Cherkasy Raion.
During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian air strikes started a large fire within the city in October, 2022. Air raid sirens sounded in the city as early as March, 2022. A nearby Ukrainian fuel depot containing 100,000 tonnes of fuel was blown up the next day.
Economy
The economic emphasis is on mechanical engineering, and the food industry is also important. However, the town's population has generally declined since the 1980s.
Smila is the transport hub for the surrounding region. Smila is where the Kyiv–Dnipro and Odesa–Russia rail routes cross, making Smila one of the most important railway junctions in Ukraine. The large station at the junction is named after Ukraine's national poet and artist, Taras Shevchenko.
Population
Notable people
Samuel (Shmuel) Malavsky – сantor.
Oleksandr Kovpak – football player.
Genia Averbuch – architect.
International relations
Sister cities:
Newton, Iowa, United states
Vatutine, Ukraine
Irpin, Ukraine
Rzhev, Russia
Gallery
References
(1972) Історія міст і сіл Української CCP - Черкаська область (History of Towns and Villages of the Ukrainian SSR - Cherkasy Oblast), Kyiv.
External links
Official city website
Unofficial city website
Cities in Cherkasy Oblast
Cherkassky Uyezd
Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine
Cities of regional significance in Ukraine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smila |
Mysterious Traveller is the fourth studio album by the jazz and jazz fusion ensemble Weather Report and was released in 1974. This was their final recording with founding bassist Miroslav Vitouš, who left due to creative differences. Vitouš was replaced by Alphonso Johnson. Another addition to the line-up is drummer Ishmael Wilburn. Greg Errico was the drummer for the tour between the previously released Sweetnighter and this album, but declined an invitation to be a permanent member of the band.
The record is the band's first that predominantly uses electric bass and incorporates liberal uses of funk, R&B grooves, and rock that would later be hallmarked as the band's "signature" sound. Also, the more restricted compositional format became evident on this album, replacing the more "open improvisation" formats used on the first three albums. It was voted as the album of the year by the readers of DownBeat for 1974, garnering Weather Report's second overall win in that category, also garnering a five-star review from that publication along the way. The Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings included the album in its suggested “core collection” of essential recordings.
The album peaked at number 2 in the Billboard Jazz Albums chart, number 31 in the R&B album chart, and number 46 in the Billboard 200.
Track listing
Personnel
Weather Report
Josef Zawinul - electric and acoustic piano, synthesizer, guitar, kalimba, organ, tamboura, clay drum, tack piano, melodica
Wayne Shorter - soprano & tenor saxophone, tack piano
Miroslav Vitouš - acoustic bass (tracks 2 and 8)
Alphonso Johnson - bass guitar
Ishmael Wilburn - drums
Skip Hadden - drums (tracks 1 and 4 only)
Dom Um Romão - percussions, drums
Guest musicians
Ray Barretto - percussion (track 3 only)
Muruga Booker - percussion (track 1 only)
Steve Little - timpani (track 6 only)
Don Ashworth - ocarinas & woodwinds (track 7 only)
Isacoff - tabla, finger cymbals (track 7 only)
Edna Wright - vocals (track 1 only)
Marti McCall - vocals (track 1 only)
Jessica Smith - vocals (track 1 only)
James Gilstrap - vocals (track 1 only)
Billie Barnum - vocals (track 1 only)
Technical
Ron Malo - sound engineer
Teresa Alfieri - cover design
Helmut K. Wimmer - cover artwork
Chart performance
References
External links
Weather Report Annotated Discography: Mysterious Traveller
1974 albums
Columbia Records albums
Weather Report albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysterious%20Traveller |
In geometry, the small icosihemidodecahedron (or small icosahemidodecahedron) is a uniform star polyhedron, indexed as . It has 26 faces (20 triangles and 6 decagons), 60 edges, and 30 vertices. Its vertex figure alternates two regular triangles and decagons as a crossed quadrilateral. It is a hemipolyhedron with its six decagonal faces passing through the model center.
It is given a Wythoff symbol, but that construction represents a double covering of this model.
Related polyhedra
It shares its edge arrangement with the icosidodecahedron (its convex hull, having the triangular faces in common), and with the small dodecahemidodecahedron (having the decagonal faces in common).
See also
Pentakis icosidodecahedron
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20icosihemidodecahedron |
Maria Taferl is an Austrian market municipality of 872 people in the District of Melk and the most important pilgrimage site in all of Lower Austria. After Mariazell, Maria Taferl is the most important pilgrimage destination in all of Austria.
Geography
Maria Taferl is located in the Nibelungengau in Lower Austria on a bank over the Danube. 47.48 percent of the municipality is forested. As the Maria Taferl Market, which takes place on the so-called "Taferlberg" (Taferl Mountain), the remaining districts are found in the hilly surrounding area. To the south, the basilica is widely visible throughout the town.
History
Little is known about the early settlement of Maria Taferl. The Celtic Kingdom of Noricum was located on the northern shore of the Danube. During Roman times, the Danube served as the border of the Province of Noricum. Even today in the church plaza, there is a stone of Celtic origin, on which heathen sacrifices were made. This attests to Maria Taferl's long tradition as a place of religious activity.
Maria Taferl and the surrounding countryside belonged to the territory of the Ostarrichi during the time of the Bambergs in the Middle Ages. It then became part of the Habsburg holdings. For a long time, it was part of the land of the Lords of Weißenberg, whose seat lay in the nearby town of Münichreith. It is assumed that the various districts of the town were already established during the Middle Ages. The history of the modern market of Maria Taferl begins in the 17th century.
The first church was built around a shrine to the Holy Mother, which is the origin of the name "Maria Taferl." The legends say that the statue of the Pietà at the shrine was an offering from Alexander Schinagel, a forester, who had a miraculous recovery from a serious illness. It replaced a crucifix there, which had also been the site of a miracle, for when local shepherd Thomas Pachmann tried to chop down the oak on which it was placed, he gravely injured both his legs. After a prayer to the Virgin Mary, his almost fatal wounds stopped bleeding. The old oak was destroyed by fire in 1755, which also damaged the statue.
The church building was built from 1660 to 1710. Its construction was begun under the imperial architect Georg Gerstenbrand and the Italian Carlo Lurago. Its famous cupola was built by Jakob Prandtauer from 1708 to 1710. He also designed the current appearance of Melk Abbey. The Maria Taferl church is built in the baroque style with ample amounts of gold leaf and a frescoed ceiling. In the center of the high altar is the namesake Marian stature. The building's rear houses its crypt.
According to an inscription in the building's interior, the building of the church gave the local inhabitants new courage after the Plague, the Turkish Wars, and the Thirty Years' War had all taken their toll. It also supported the ideas of the Counter-Reformation in the heartland of the Catholic House of Habsburg. All this speaks to Maria Taferl as an important manifestation of the Catholic faith on the main traveling route of the Danube.
There are many traditional stories of angelic processions here, which come from the 17th century. The tradition of pilgrimage to Maria Taferl also dates back to that time. In 1760 alone, there were 700 pilgrimage processions and over 19,000 masses said there. The church is also a kind of information treasure chest about its pilgrims, their origins, and their number. Within it are the gifts of the pilgrims, who came on account of illness and were cured. Another reason for Maria Taferl's importance as a pilgrimage destination was the stone cross, a gift from the citizens of Freistadt for pilgrims who died on the journey. It is also evidence of the exhausting nature of pilgrimage in those days. The murdered Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his family lived in the nearby Artstetten Castle and is known to have regularly attended mass at Maria Taferl.
Maria Taferl became a Basilica minor in 1947.
By 2010, the basilica's interior should have undergone a complete restoration. It will then celebrate a double jubilee: 350 years since the laying of its cornerstone in 1660, and 300 years since its completion in 1710. The interior's last restoration was around 50 ago; the exterior was restored in 1982, and in 1998, the domes of the two towers were re-covered.
Besides the basilica, in Maria Taferl there is also a monument for the Fallen of both World Wars. These men are honored annually at meeting of veteran's groups.
There is a folk belief that the water from the well at Maria Taferl can help with eye complaints.
Other landmarks in the town are the Elementary School Museum, as well as the mechanical nativity, which tells the story of Maria Taferl's origins.
Municipal divisions
The municipality of Maria Taferl is divided into seven districts:
Maria Taferl Market
Obererla
Untererla
Reitern
Oberthalheim
Unterthalheim
Wimm
Politics
The mayor of Maria Taferl is Herbert Gruber and the Chief Officer is Daniela Lahmer. In the Municipal Council the 15 seats went to the following parties: ÖVP 10 and SPÖ 5.
Business and infrastructure
After agriculture, tourism is the most important economic activity in Maria Taferl.
References
The information in this article is based on that in its German original.
External links
The website of the Basilica of Maria Taferl
Offizielle Website von Maria Taferl
Maria Taferl Information
Basilica churches in Austria
Populated places on the Danube
Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Cities and towns in Melk District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Taferl |
In geometry, the small dodecicosahedron (or small dodekicosahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U50. It has 32 faces (20 hexagons and 12 decagons), 120 edges, and 60 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral.
Related polyhedra
It shares its vertex arrangement with the great stellated truncated dodecahedron. It additionally shares its edges with the small icosicosidodecahedron (having the hexagonal faces in common) and the small ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron (having the decagonal faces in common).
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20dodecicosahedron |
These are the references for further information regarding the history of the Republican Party in the U.S. since 1854.
Secondary sources
Surveys
American National Biography (20 volumes, 1999) covers all politicians no longer alive; online at many academic libraries and at Wikipedia Library.
Burnham, Walter Dean. Critical Elections and the Mainsprings of American Politics. (1970)
Barone, Michael. The Almanac of American Politics 2020: The Senators, the Representatives and the Governors: Their Records and Election Results, Their States and Districts (2019); revised every two years since 1975.
Dinkin, Robert J. Voting and Vote-Getting in American History (2016), expanded edition of Dinkin, Campaigning in America: A History of Election Practices. (Greenwood 1989) online 1989 edition
, the best overview.
, very well written scholarly work
Kleppner, Paul, et al. The Evolution of American Electoral Systems (1983), applies party systems model
Mason, Robert. The Republican Party and American Politics from Hoover to Reagan (2011) excerpt and text search
Mayer, George H. The Republican Party, 1854–1966. 2d ed. (1967), narrative.
Prentice, David L. "The Republican Party and US Foreign Relations" (2019) Oxford Research Encyclopedias
Rutland, Robert Allen. The Republicans: From Lincoln to Bush (1996), popular
, long essays by specialists on each time period:
includes: "'To One or Another of These Parties Every Man Belongs;": 1820–1865 by Joel H. Silbey; "Change and Continuity in the Party Period: 1835–1885" by Michael F. Holt; "The Transformation of American Politics: 1865–1910" by Peter H. Argersinger; "Democracy, Republicanism, and Efficiency: 1885–1930" by Richard Jensen; "The Limits of Federal Power and Social Policy: 1910–1955" by Anthony J. Badger; "The Rise of Rights and Rights Consciousness: 1930–1980" by James T. Patterson; and "Economic Growth, Issue Evolution, and Divided Government: 1955–2000" by Byron E. Shafer
Schlesinger, Arthur Meier Jr. ed. History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–2000 (various multivolume editions, latest is 2011 with Gil troy as coeditor). For each election includes good scholarly history and selection of primary document. Essays on the most important election are reprinted in Schlesinger, The Coming to Power: Critical presidential elections in American history (1972) online editions of multivolume set
1854–1900
Calhoun, Charles W. From Bloody Shirt to Full Dinner Pail: The Transformation of Politics and Governance in the Gilded Age (2011) excerpt and text search
Dearing, Mary. Veterans in Politics: The Story of the GAR (1952)
DeSantis, Vincent P. Republicans Face the Southern Question: The New Departure Years, 1877–1897 (1959)
Donald, David. Lincoln (1999)
Edwards, Rebecca. Angels in the Machinery: Gender in American Party Politics from the Civil War to the Progressive Era (1997)
Foner, Eric. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party Before the Civil War (1970), history of ideas and ideology
Gienapp, William E. The Origins of the Republican Party, 1852–1856 (1987), quantitative voting studies, by state
Gienapp, William E. "Nativism and the Creation of a Republican Majority in the North Before the Civil War", Journal of American History 72 (Dec. 1985): 529–59 in JSTOR
Hesseltine, William B. Ulysses S. Grant: Politician (1935)
Holt, Michael F. "Review: The New Political History and the Civil War Era," Reviews in American History Vol. 13, No. 1 (Mar., 1985), pp. 60–69 in JSTOR
Hoogenboom, Ari. Rutherford B. Hayes: Warrior and President (1995).
Jensen, Richard. The Winning of the Midwest: Social and Political Conflict, 1888–1896 (1971)
Jordan, David. Roscoe Conkling of New York: Voice in the Senate (1971).
Kehl, James A. Boss Rule in the Gilded Age: Matt Quay of Pennsylvania (1981)
Keller, Morton. Affairs of State: Public Life in Late Nineteenth Century America (1977). details on the rules of the game in politics
Kleppner, Paul. The Third Electoral System 1853–1892: Parties, Voters, and Political Cultures (1979), analysis of voting behavior, with emphasis on region, ethnicity, religion and class.
McKinney, Gordon B. Southern Mountain Republicans, 1865–1900: Politics and the Appalachian Community 1978.
Marcus, Robert. Grand Old Party: Political Structure in the Gilded Age, 1880–1896 1971.
Morgan, H. Wayne. From Hayes to McKinley; National Party Politics, 1877–1896 (1969)
Morgan, H. Wayne. William McKinley and His America 1963.
Muzzey, David Saville. James G. Blaine: A Political Idol of Other Days 1934.
Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union 8 vol (1947–77); highly detailed narrative of national politics and Civil War, 184865, by leading scholar
Oakes, James. The Crooked Path to Abolition: Abraham Lincoln and the Antislavery Constitution (W.W. Norton, 2021).
Oakes, James. Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861–1865 (W. W. Norton, 2012)
Paludin, Philip. A People's Contest: The Union and the Civil War, 1861–1865 1988.
Polakoff, Keith Ian. The Politics of Inertia: The Election of 1876 and the End of Reconstruction 1973.
Rhodes, James Ford. The History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 8 vol (1932), narrative, 18501909
Richardson, Heather Cox. The Greatest Nation of the Earth: Republican Economic Policies during the Civil War (1997)
Robinson, William A. Thomas B. Reed, Parliamentarian 1930.
Silbey, Joel H. The American Political Nation, 1838–1893 (1991)
Shepard, Christopher. The Civil War Income Tax and the Republican Party, 1861–1872 (2010)
Summers, Mark Wahlgren. Rum, Romanism & Rebellion: The Making of a President, 1884 (2000)
Van Deusen, Glyndon G. Horace Greeley, Nineteenth-Century Crusader (1953)
Welch, Richard E. George Frisbie Hoar and the Half Breed Republicans 1971.
Williams, R. Hal. Years of Decision: American Politics in the 1890s. 1978.
1900–1932
Blum, John Morton The Republican Roosevelt. (1954). essays that examine how TR did politics
Brands, H.W. Theodore Roosevelt (2001), full biography
Burner, David. Herbert Hoover: A Public Life. (1979).
Chace, James. 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft, and Debs – The Election That Changed the Country. (2004). 323 pp.
Coletta, Paolo Enrico. The Presidency of William Howard Taft (1973), standard survey
Garraty, John. Henry Cabot Lodge: A Biography 1953
Gosnell, Harold F. Boss Platt and His New York Machine: A Study of the Political Leadership of Thomas C. Platt, Theodore Roosevelt, and Others (1924)
Gould, Lewis L. The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. (2nd ed. 2011)
Gould, Lewis L. The William Howard Taft Presidency (2009)
Gould, Lewis L. Four Hats in the Ring: The 1912 Election and the Birth of Modern American Politics (2008)
Harbaugh, William Henry. The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt. (1963), full scholarly biography
Hechler, Kenneth S. Insurgency: Personalities and Politics of the Taft Era (1940)
Lichtman, Allan J. Prejudice and the Old Politics: The Presidential Election of 1928 (1979). quantitative study of voters
Morris, Edmund. The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, to 1901 (1979); vol 2: Theodore Rex covers 1901909. (2001); Colonel Roosevelt (2010), after 1909. Pulitzer prize biography.
Mowry, George. The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of Modern America, 1900–1912. (1954) general survey of era; online
Miller; Karen A. J. Populist Nationalism: Republican Insurgency and American Foreign Policy Making, 1911–1925. Greenwood Press, 1999
McCoy, Donald, Calvin Coolidge: The Quiet President (1967),
Mowry, George E. Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement. (2001) focus on 1912.\
O’Brien, Phillips Payson, “Herbert Hoover, Anglo-American Relations, and Republican Party Politics in the 1920s,” Diplomacy and Statecraft, 22 (no. 2, 2011), 200–218.
Pringle, Henry F. The Life and Times of William Howard Taft: A Biography. 2 vol (1939); Pulitzer prize; the standard biography
Pringle, Henry F. Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography (1931)
Sherman, Richard B. The Republican Party and Black America from McKinley to Hoover 1973.
Smith, Richard Norton. An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover, (1987) full-length scholarly biography.
David Thelen, Robert M. La Follette and the Insurgent Spirit 1976. short interpretive biography
Nancy C. Unger. Fighting Bob La Follette: The Righteous Reformer (2000), full scale biography
1932–1980
Bowen, Michael. The Roots of Modern Conservatism: Dewey, Taft, and the Battle for the Soul of the Republican Party (2011)
Brennan, Mary C. Turning Right in the Sixties: The Conservative Capture of the GOP (1995), 1960s
Broussard, James H. The Improbable Wendell Willkie: The Businessman Who Saved the Republican Party and His Country, and Conceived a New World Order (2020).
Cunningham, Sean P. Cowboy Conservatism: Texas and the Rise of the Modern Right (2010)
Dueck, Colin. Hard Line: The Republican Party and U.S. Foreign Policy since World War II (2010)
Dallek, Matthew. The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning Point in American Politics. (2004). Study of 1966 election as governor.
Greenberg, David. Nixon's Shadow: The History of an Image (2003). Important study of how Nixon was perceived by media and scholars.
, the major scholarly study
Jensen, Richard. "The Last Party System, 1932–1980," in Paul Kleppner, ed. Evolution of American Electoral Systems (1981)
Ladd Jr., Everett Carll with Charles D. Hadley. Transformations of the American Party System: Political Coalitions from the New Deal to the 1970s 2d ed. (1978).
Mason, Robert. Richard Nixon and the Quest for a New Majority (2004). 289 pp.
Morris, Roger. Richard Milhous Nixon: The Rise of an American Politician (1990).
Pach, Chester J. and Elmo Richardson. Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower (1991). Standard scholarly survey.
Parmet, Herbert S. Eisenhower and the American Crusades (1972)
Parmet, Herbert S. Richard Nixon and His America (1990).
Patterson, James T. Mr. Republican: A Biography of Robert A. Taft (1972)
Patterson, James. Congressional Conservatism and the New Deal: The Growth of the Conservative Coalition in Congress, 1933–39 (1967)
Perlstein, Rick. Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus (2002) well written, broad account of 1964
Perlstein, Rick. Nixonland: The Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America (2008) covers late 1960s
Persico, Joseph E. The Imperial Rockefeller: A Biography of Nelson A. Rockefeller, 1982 (The author was a senior aide).
Reich, Cary. The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer, 1908–1958, 1996.
Reichley, James; Conservatives in an Age of Change: The Nixon and Ford Administrations, Brookings Institution, 1981.
Reinhard, David W. The Republican Right since 1945 (1983)
Rosen, Elliot A. The Republican Party in the Age of Roosevelt: Sources of Anti-Government Conservatism in the United States (U. of Virginia Press, 2014) excerpt and text search
Shelley II, Mack C. The Permanent Majority: The Conservative Coalition in the United States Congress (1983)
Smith, Richard Norton. Thomas E. Dewey and His Times. (1982)
Sundquist, James L. Dynamics of the Party System: Alignment and Realignment of Political Parties in the United States (1983)
White, Theodore. The Making of the President: 1960 (1961); The Making of the President: 1964 (1965); The Making of the President 1968 (1969) classic narratives
1980–2016
The Almanac of American Politics (2022) details on members of Congress, and the governors: their records and election results; also state and district politics; revised every two years since 1975. details
American National Biography (20 volumes, 1999) covers all politicians no longer alive; online at many academic libraries and at Wikipedia Library.
Aberbach, Joel D., and Gillian Peele, eds. Crisis of Conservatism?: The Republican Party, the Conservative Movement, and American Politics After Bush (2011) excerpt and text search
Aistrup, Joseph A. The Southern Strategy Revisited: Republican Top-Down Advancement in the South (1996)
Black, Earl and Merle Black. The Rise of Southern Republicans (2002).
Cadava, Geraldo. The Hispanic Republican: The Shaping of an American Political Identity, from Nixon to Trump (2020)
Crines, Andrew S. and Sophia Hatzisavvidou, eds. Republican Orators from Eisenhower to Trump (2017).
Crotty, William J. Winning the Presidency 2012 (Routledge, 2015).
Dunbar, Peter, and Mike Haridopolos. The Modern Republican Party in Florida (UP of Florida, 2019).
Ehrman, John, The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan (2005)
Frank, Thomas. What's the Matter with Kansas? How Conservatives Won the Heart of America (2005), criticism from the left
Frum, David. What's Right: The New Conservative Majority and the Remaking of America (1996)
Germond, Jack W. and Jules Witcover. Blue Smoke & Mirrors: How Reagan Won & Why Carter Lost the Election of 1980. 1981. Detailed journalism.
Green, John Robert. The Presidency of George Bush. (2000).
Janda, Kenneth. "The 2016 US Presidential Election: The Lesson for Conservatism." (2017). online paper
Kabaservice, Geoffrey. Rule and Ruin: The Downfall of Moderation and the Destruction of the Republican Party, From Eisenhower to the Tea Party (2012) scholarly history excerpt and text search
Lamis, Alexander P. ed. Southern Politics in the 1990s (1999)
Patterson, James T. Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore. (2005), standard scholarly synthesis.
Pemberton, William E. Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan (1998) biography by historian
Perrin, Andrew J., et al. "Political and Cultural Dimensions of Tea Party Support, 2009–2012." Sociological Quarterly (2014) 55#4 pp: 625–652. online
Philpot, Tasha. Race, Republicans, and the Return of the Party of Lincoln (U of Michigan Press, 2009).
Reeves, Richard. President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination (2005) detailed analysis by historian
Sabato, Larry J. Divided States of America: The Slash and Burn Politics of the 2004 Presidential Election (2005).
Sabato, Larry J. and Bruce Larson. The Party's Just Begun: Shaping Political Parties for America's Future (2001).
Shafer, Byron and Richard Johnston. The End of Southern Exceptionalism (2006), uses statistical election data & polls to argue GOP growth was primarily a response to economic change
Mel Steely. The Gentleman from Georgia: The Biography of Newt Gingrich Mercer University Press, 2000. .
Wooldridge, Adrian and John Micklethwait. The Right Nation: Conservative Power in America sophisticated study by two British journalists (2004).
Recent years
Alberta, Tim. American Carnage: On the Front Lines of the Republican Civil War and the Rise of President Trump (2019).
Baker, Joseph O., and Christopher D. Bader. "Xenophobia, Partisanship, and Support for Donald Trump and the Republican Party." Race and Social Problems 14.1 (2022): 69–83.
Barber, Michael, and Jeremy C. Pope. "Does party trump ideology? Disentangling party and ideology in America." American Political Science Review 113.1 (2019): 38–54 online.
Boucher, Jean-Christophe, and Cameron G. Thies. "'I Am a Tariff Man': The Power of Populist Foreign Policy Rhetoric under President Trump." Journal of Politics 81.2 (2019): 712–722 online.
Chaturvedi, Neilan S., and Chris Haynes. "Polls and Elections: Is Loyalty a Powerful Thing? Republican Senate Campaign Strategy and Trump Coattails in the 2016 Election." Presidential Studies Quarterly 49.2 (2019): 432–448 online.
Cronin, Christopher. "Endless Love: Evangelical Voters, the Republican Party, and Donald Trump." in The 2020 Presidential Election: Key Issues and Regional Dynamics (2022): 113–129.
Dodson, Kyle, and Clem Brooks. "All by Himself? Trump, Isolationism, and the American Electorate." Sociological Quarterly 63.4 (2022): 780–803. on foreign policy;
Eichengreen, Barry. The Populist Temptation: Economic Grievance and Political Reaction in the Modern Era (2018)
Sonin, Konstantin. "The Historical Perspective on the Donald Trump Puzzle: A Review of Barry Eichengreen's The Populist Temptation: Economic Grievance and Political Reaction in the Modern Era." Journal of Economic Literature 60.3 (2022): 1029–38. online
Espinoza, Michael. "Donald Trump's impact on the Republican Party." in The Trump Administration (Routledge, 2022) pp. 134–150. online
Hopkins, David A. "How trump Changed the Republican Party – and the Democrats, too." in The Trump Effect: Disruption and Its Consequences in US Politics and Government (2022): 21+ online.
Jacobs, Lawrence R. Democracy Under Fire: Donald Trump and the Breaking of American History (Oxford University Press, 2022) online.
Jacobson, Gary C. "The Dimensions, Origins, and Consequences of Belief in Donald Trump’s Big Lie." Political Science Quarterly 138.2 (2023): 133–166.
Kelly, Casey Ryan. "Donald J. Trump and the rhetoric of ressentiment." Quarterly Journal of Speech 106.1 (2020): 2–24 online.
Knoester, Chris, and Matthew Knoester. "Social structure, culture, and the allure of Donald Trump in 2016." New Political Science 45.1 (2023): 33–57. online
Krasner, Michael Alan. "Tweets, Taunts, Tirades, and Tantrums: How America’s Donald Trump Transformed Transgressive Language into Political Power." in Debasing Political Rhetoric: Dissing Opponents, Journalists, and Minorities in Populist Leadership Communication (Springer Nature Singapore, 2023) pp. 201–218 online
Margolis, Michele F. "Who wants to make America great again? Understanding evangelical support for Donald Trump." Politics and Religion 13.1 (2020): 89–118 online.
Martin, Jonathan, and Alexander Burns. This Will Not Pass: Trump, Biden, and the Battle for America's Future (Simon and Schuster, 2023) online.
Meeks, Lindsey. "Defining the Enemy: How Donald Trump Frames the News Media." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 97.1 (2020): 211–234.
Milbank, Dana. The Destructionists: The Twenty-Five Year Crack-Up of the Republican Party (2022) excerpt
Piazza, James, and Natalia Van Doren. "it’s about hate: approval of Donald Trump, racism, xenophobia and support for political violence." American Politics Research 51.3 (2023): 299–314. online
Sisco, Tauna S. et al. eds. The Unforeseen Impacts of the 2018 US Midterms (2020)
Tucker, Patrick D., et al. "Pathways to Trump: Republican voters in 2016." Electoral Studies 61 (2019): 102035.
White, John Kenneth. "Donald Trump, the Republican Party, and the Scourge of Populism." in Populist Nationalism in Europe and the Americas ed. by Fernando López-Alves and Diane E. Johnson. (2018): 188–205.
White, John Kenneth. "Donald Trump and the Republican Party: The Making of a Faustian Bargain." Studies in Media and Communication 5.2 (2017): 8–20.
Wilson, Joshua C. "Striving to Rollback or Protect Roe: State Legislation and the Trump-Era Politics of Abortion." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 50.3 (2020): 370–397.
Primary sources
Cantril, Hadley and Mildred Strunk, eds. Public Opinion, 1935–1946 (1951), compilation of public opinion polls from the United States and elsewhere.
Schlesinger, Arthur Meier, Jr. ed. History of American Presidential Elections, 1789–2000 (various multivolume editions, latest is 2001). For each election includes brief history and selection of primary documents.
The national committees of major parties published a "campaign textbook" every presidential election from about 1856 to about 1932. They were designed for speakers and are jammed with statistics, speeches, summaries of legislation, and documents, with plenty of argumentation. Only large academic libraries have them, but some are online.''
Democratic National Committee. The Campaign Text Book: Why the People Want a Change. The Republican Party Reviewed... (1876)
Campaign Text Book of the National Democratic Party (1896) by Democratic Party (U.S.) National committee this is the Gold Democrats handbook; it strongly opposed Bryan
The Republican Campaign Text Book for 1882 by Republican Congressional Committee
The Republican Campaign Text Book for 1884
The Republican Campaign Text Book for 1888
Republican Campaign Text Book, 1894
See also
External links
Republican Party (United States)
Republican Party
Conservatism-related lists
Political history of the United States
Republican Party (United States)-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography%20of%20the%20history%20of%20the%20Republican%20Party |
In geometry, the octahemioctahedron or allelotetratetrahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as . It has 12 faces (8 triangles and 4 hexagons), 24 edges and 12 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral.
It is one of nine hemipolyhedra, with 4 hexagonal faces passing through the model center.
Orientability
It is the only hemipolyhedron that is orientable, and the only uniform polyhedron with an Euler characteristic of zero (a topological torus).
Related polyhedra
It shares the vertex arrangement and edge arrangement with the cuboctahedron (having the triangular faces in common), and with the cubohemioctahedron (having the hexagonal faces in common).
By Wythoff construction it has tetrahedral symmetry (Td), like the rhombitetratetrahedron construction for the cuboctahedron, with alternate triangles with inverted orientations. Without alternating triangles, it has octahedral symmetry (Oh). In this respect it is akin to the Morin surface, which has fourfold symmetry if orientation is ignored and twofold symmetry otherwise. However the octahemioctahedron has a higher degree of symmetry and is genus 1 rather than 0.
Octahemioctacron
The octahemioctacron is the dual of the octahemioctahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. It appears visually indistinct from the hexahemioctacron.
Since the hemipolyhedra have faces passing through the center, the dual figures have corresponding vertices at infinity; properly, on the real projective plane at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting prisms, each extending in both directions to the same vertex at infinity, in order to maintain symmetry. In practice the model prisms are cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker. Wenninger suggested these figures are members of a new class of stellation figures, called stellation to infinity. However, he also suggested that strictly speaking they are not polyhedra because their construction does not conform to the usual definitions.
The octahemioctacron has four vertices at infinity.
See also
Compound of five octahemioctahedra
Hemi-cube - The four vertices at infinity correspond directionally to the four vertices of this abstract polyhedron.
References
(Page 101, Duals of the (nine) hemipolyhedra)
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Toroidal polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octahemioctahedron |
Crambe abyssinica is an annual oilseed crop of the family Brassicaceae. It is mainly cultivated due to the high levels of erucic acid that are contained in its seeds. The crambe oil is used for industrial purposes and its side products can be partly used as animal feed.
Botany
Crambe abyssinica has its origins in eastern Africa and was domesticated in the Mediterranean region. It grows up to a height between , depending on field conditions. Its cropping cycle is rather short, ranging from 90 to 100 days. Usually, its straight stalk is moderately branched and its leaves are of an oval shape. The plant's flowers are small and white, arranged in racemes and have four free sepals, four free alternating petals, two shorter and four longer free stamens, what is typical for Brassicaceae. Mostly, these flowers are self-pollinated, but some cases of cross-pollination have been observed. Its indehiscent fruits enclose only one spherical seed that contains around 26% protein, 18% fibre and 35% oil. This oil content is lower than what can be extracted from rapeseed and the oil is not edible. The pericarp of the seed usually adheres to the seed even at harvest.
History of agricultural use and cultivation
Crambe has not been in cultivation for a long time. It was probably cultivated for the first time in the 1930s in the former USSR. Later the crop was tested in other regions of the USSR, in Sweden and in Poland, where crambe was grown on 25,000 ha (~62,000 acres) after the second world war. Research efforts in northern and eastern Europe were increased and the agronomical characteristics and industrial uses of crambe were intensively studied. By successive selection within C. abyssinica, conventional breeding started in the 1950s in some European countries. Hereby improved strains were introduced to Canada and the United States. Further selection and crossing of different accessions led to the release of new varieties in the 1970s. Through introgression of wild populations and mass selection two new cultivars were created in the 1980s which were promoted as high yielding sources of erucic acid. In the 1990s a breeding program was started in the Netherlands. Nevertheless, after a period of great efforts to bring crambe into extended cultivation, interest in the crop in Europe has declined in recent years.
Cultivation
With a germination temperature of which is also equivalent to the basal growing temperature, C. abyssinica is a winter crop in southern Europe and subtropical areas whereas it is cultivated as spring crop in northern Europe and more continental areas. The optimal growing temperature is approximately . It tolerates annual average temperature between and frost down to . Because of its ability to get along with only of precipitation, C. abyssinica is considered to be relatively drought tolerant. Nevertheless, drought stress during the development stages of flowering and grain filling reduces productivity. Cultivation is possible up to an annual precipitation of . Crambe has modest demands regarding soil properties, it tolerates soil pH from 5.0 to 7.8. Low soil depth and a high stone and gravel content decrease drought tolerance.
Seeds of many improved varieties are available on the market and are sown at a rate of approximately and at a depth of . Seed maturation is uniform and the 1000 seed weight varies between . Management procedures from sowing to harvesting can be conducted largely with the same machinery used for common cereals. Yield levels vary widely at in Russia, in the U.S. and in Germany.
Crambe abyssinica can be easily inserted in crop rotations with a requirement of 1600 growing degree-days. Its rotation contingent should not exceed 25%. Because of similar soil requirements and increased soil borne pathogen pressure, cultivation directly after other Brassicaceae species should be avoided. Also to be avoided is cultivation after artificial grassland and fallows because these will enrich the soil seed bank with weeds and there are few pre-emergence weed management methods available.
Use
Crambe abyssinica is cultivated for a wide range of industrial purposes. The interest lies mainly in the high erucic acid content (55-60%) of its seed oil, and makes the crop a competitive option to other oil plants as industrial rapeseed. The composition of crambe oil gives this product several special traits, such as high smoke point, good wettability of different materials and high viscosity. In addition, its oil has a higher biodegradability than mineral oils. Therefore, erucic acid derived compounds are used as additives in the plastic industry, high temperature hydraulic fluids, waxes, base for paints and coatings, lubricants and many other products. Furthermore, the extracted seed oil is used in pharmaceutical products and cosmetics.
The crambe meal, which is a side product of industrial oil production, can be used as a protein supplement for animal feed. It contains approximately 46% proteins, which are of high nutritional quality. Unfortunately, the crambe seed shred also contains toxic compounds such as glucosinolates, tannins and inositol phosphate. The use as forage is therefore very limited. The incorporation rate of crambe by-products into animal feed should not be higher than 5% for growing-finishing pigs, 15% for dairy cows, and 19% for sheep. It is not recommended to feed poultry.
A possible new use for crambe could be biofuels since the oil composition is suitable for processing.
Current and future breeding efforts
Genetically, C. abyssinica has a set of 2n=90 chromosomes and is hexaploid. However, it shows low genetic variation in important agronomic traits, e.g. erucic acid content. Thus, improvement of cultivars through selection is difficult to achieve. A new source of variation could be found in the related taxon Crambe hispanica. Recent efforts are found in the field of gene technology. To overcome the limited genetic variation, gene technology has been used in recent years to improve different important agronomic traits of crambe. Site-directed mutagenesis could be another tool for further improvement of the crop. However, the genetic control of many agronomic traits are unknown, thus the potential for genetic improvement is limited at the moment. Additionally further research aims to assess the potential of using the seed cake in protein-based plastic production and to find further uses for the whole plant.
See also
Vegetable oils
References
External links
Alternative Field Crops Manual
Brassicaceae
Flora of Africa
Flora of Europe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crambe%20abyssinica |
In geometry, the small dodecicosidodecahedron (or small dodekicosidodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U33. It has 44 faces (20 triangles, 12 pentagons, and 12 decagons), 120 edges, and 60 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral.
Related polyhedra
It shares its vertex arrangement with the small stellated truncated dodecahedron and the uniform compounds of 6 or 12 pentagrammic prisms. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the rhombicosidodecahedron (having the triangular and pentagonal faces in common), and with the small rhombidodecahedron (having the decagonal faces in common).
Dual
The dual polyhedron to the small dodecicosidodecahedron is the small dodecacronic hexecontahedron (or small sagittal ditriacontahedron). It is visually identical to the small rhombidodecacron. Its faces are darts. A part of each dart lies inside the solid, hence is invisible in solid models.
Proportions
Faces have two angles of , one of and one of . Its dihedral angles equal . The ratio between the lengths of the long and short edges is .
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20dodecicosidodecahedron |
The 231st Street station is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of West 231st Street and Broadway in the Kingsbridge section of the Bronx, it is served by the 1 train at all times.
History
This station opened on January 27, 1907, as 230th Street station. It was built near the site of the originally proposed northern terminus of the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line at Bailey Avenue and 230th Street, a block southeast of the current station. It was also located near two former Kingsbridge railroad stations owned by two separate railways inherited by the New York Central Railroad; one was along a former segment of the Spuyten Duyvil and Port Morris Railroad (now the Hudson Line), and the other was for the New York and Putnam Railroad (now abandoned).
To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening the platforms at stations along the original IRT subway. As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $ million in ) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (equivalent to $ million in ) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent. The northbound platform at the 231st Street station was extended at both its north and south ends, while the southbound platform was not lengthened. Six-car local trains began operating in October 1910, and ten-car express trains began running on the West Side Line on January 24, 1911. Subsequently, the station could accommodate six-car local trains, but ten-car trains could not open some of their doors.
The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940. Platforms at IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line stations between and , including those at 231st Street, were lengthened to between 1946 and 1948, allowing full ten-car express trains to stop at these stations. A contract for the platform extensions at 231st Street and five other stations on the line was awarded to the Rao Electrical Equipment Company and the Kaplan Electric Company in June 1946. The platform extensions at these stations were opened in stages. On July 9, 1948, the platform extensions at stations between 207th Street and 238th Street, including the 231st Street station, were opened for use at the cost of $423,000. At the same time, the IRT routes were given numbered designations with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock, which contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. The route to 242nd Street became known as the 1.
In 2002, it was announced that 231st Street would be one of ten subway stations citywide, as well as one of five on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, to receive renovations. The station was extensively renovated in 2003–2004, which included installation of elevators for both platforms to make it fully ADA-accessible and replacing the exit-only turnstiles on the 242nd Street-bound platform with both High Entry/Exit and Exit-only turnstiles, allowing both access and exit from that side.
Station layout
This elevated station has two side platforms and three tracks. The center track that bypasses this station is not used in revenue service. The station is served by the 1 at all times and is between 238th Street to the north and Marble Hill–225th Street to the south. This is the IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line's southernmost station in the Bronx, as the Marble Hill–225th Street station is physically on the mainland of New York State, but legally part of Manhattan.
Both platforms have beige windscreens and red canopies with green frames and outlines in the center and green waist-high, steel fences at either ends with lampposts at regular intervals. The platforms are offset with the Manhattan-bound platform to the south of the 242nd Street-bound one. The station signs are in the standard black name plates in white lettering.
There are two sets of artwork at this station. One of them was made in 1991 and is called Elevated Nature I-IV by Wopo Holup. It consists of gray marble tiles with a green border on the platform walls of the station house. It is also located at four other stations on this line. The other artwork was made in 2007 by Felipe Galindo and is called Magic Realism in Kingsbridge. It consists of stained glass panels on the platform windscreens depicting images of the surrounding area.
Each platform has an adjacent same-level station house in the center. However, only the station house of the Manhattan-bound platform is open to the public. A set of doors from the platform leads to a small waiting area and a bank of turnstiles. On the 242nd Street-bound platform, a set of High Entry/Exit and Exit-Only turnstiles lead to a passageway around the station house separated from the platform by a metal fence.
Exits
Outside the fare control area on the Manhattan-bound platform, there is a token booth, two staircases going down to either western corners of 231st Street and Broadway, and one elevator going down to the southwest corner. Two emergency gates on the platform lead directly to each of the staircases. Outside the fare control area on the 242nd Street-bound platform, there are two staircases going down to either eastern corners of 231st Street and Broadway and one elevator going down to the northeast corner.
References
External links
nycsubway.org — Magic Realism in Kingsbridge Artwork by Felipe Galindo (2007)
nycsubway.org — Elevated Nature I-IV Artwork by Wopo Holup (1991) along with 207th, 215th, and 225th Street stations
Station Reporter — 1 Train
The Subway Nut — 231st Street Pictures
MTA's Arts For Transit — 231st Street (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
231st Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
Platforms from Google Maps Street View
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line stations
Broadway (Manhattan)
U.S. Route 9
New York City Subway stations in the Bronx
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1907
Riverdale, Bronx
1907 establishments in New York City
Kingsbridge, Bronx | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/231st%20Street%20station |
Carl Pontus Gahn (1 March 1759 – 9 May 1825) was a Swedish military officer who participated in the Russo-Swedish War in Finland in 1788–1789, the Finnish War campaign in Norway in 1808 and the unsuccessful invasion of Norway at Eidskog in 1814. He was ennobled in 1809, taking the title Gahn af Colquhoun in acknowledgement of his Scottish ancestry (Gahn was itself a contraction via Cahun of the family name of Colquhoun). He was promoted to the rank of Major General in 1814 and became president of the Martial Court of Appeals (Krigshovrätten) in 1824.
References
1759 births
1825 deaths
People from Falun
Swedish Army major generals
Napoleonic Wars prisoners of war held by Norway
Swedish military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Pontus%20Gahn |
In geometry, the rhombicosahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U56. It has 50 faces (30 squares and 20 hexagons), 120 edges and 60 vertices. Its vertex figure is an antiparallelogram.
Related polyhedra
A rhombicosahedron shares its vertex arrangement with the uniform compounds of 10 or 20 triangular prisms. It additionally shares its edges with the rhombidodecadodecahedron (having the square faces in common) and the icosidodecadodecahedron (having the hexagonal faces in common).
Rhombicosacron
The rhombicosacron is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the uniform rhombicosahedron, U56. It has 50 vertices, 120 edges, and 60 crossed-quadrilateral faces.
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombicosahedron |
In geometry, the great icosicosidodecahedron (or great icosified icosidodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U48. It has 52 faces (20 triangles, 12 pentagrams, and 20 hexagons), 120 edges, and 60 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral.
Related polyhedra
It shares its vertex arrangement with the truncated dodecahedron. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the great ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron (having the triangular and pentagonal faces in common) and the great dodecicosahedron (having the hexagonal faces in common).
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20icosicosidodecahedron |
Harry Vonray Swayne (born February 2, 1965) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football with the Rutgers Scarlet Knights. Swayne was selected by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the seventh round of the 1987 NFL Draft. He is one of the few players to have started a Super Bowl with three teams: Super Bowl XXIX with the San Diego Chargers, Super Bowl XXXIII with the Denver Broncos and Super Bowl XXXV with the Ravens.
He was the chaplain for the Chicago Bears before becoming the assistant player development director for the Baltimore Ravens. Harry and his wife Dawn have five children.
References
External links
Baltimore Ravens bio
Rutgers Scarlet Knights football players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
San Diego Chargers players
Denver Broncos players
Baltimore Ravens players
Miami Dolphins players
American football offensive linemen
Living people
1965 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Swayne |
In geometry, the small rhombidodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U39. It has 42 faces (30 squares and 12 decagons), 120 edges, and 60 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral.
Related polyhedra
It shares its vertex arrangement with the small stellated truncated dodecahedron and the uniform compounds of 6 or 12 pentagrammic prisms. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the rhombicosidodecahedron (having the square faces in common), and with the small dodecicosidodecahedron (having the decagonal faces in common).
Small rhombidodecacron
The small rhombidodecacron (or small dipteral ditriacontahedron) is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the small rhombidodecahedron. It is visually identical to the Small dodecacronic hexecontahedron. It has 60 intersecting antiparallelogram faces.
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20rhombidodecahedron |
Delta is an American sitcom television series starring Delta Burke that aired on ABC from September 15, 1992, to August 25, 1993. It was a new starring vehicle for Burke, as her return to television following her dismissal from the CBS sitcom Designing Women in the spring of 1991.
Synopsis
Burke portrays Delta Bishop, a young woman with dreams of writing and singing country music. She became a hairstylist at Mona's House of Hair, married Charlie Bishop and thought she had found happiness. After eight years of marriage, she became restless: she was eager to follow in the footsteps of her childhood idol, Patsy Cline, and become a country music star. She quits her job, leaves her husband and friends behind, and travels to Nashville, Tennessee. There, she finds an apartment over the garage of a home owned by her cousin, Lavonne Overton (Gigi Rice), and her husband, Buck (Bill Engvall). She also finds a job waiting tables at The Green Lantern, a local bar that hosts an amateur night which she believes that if she could sing her songs there, it could jumpstart her career.
Burke, most popular for her role as Suzanne Sugarbaker on Designing Women, reportedly utilized her own singing talents for the role of Bishop, and dyed her familiar brunette hair blonde to play the role. The theme song was "Climb That Mountain High" by Reba McEntire which was not a charted single; the tune was featured on Reba's 1990 MCA album Rumor Has It.
Cast
Delta Burke as Delta Bishop
Earl Holliman as Darden Towe
Gigi Rice as Lavonne Overton
Bill Engvall as Buck Overton
Beth Grant as Thelma Wainwright
Nancy Giles as Connie Morris
Joe Urla as Sandy Scott
Episodes
Broadcast history
The sitcom premiered September 15, 1992, to healthy ratings following Roseanne. It then moved to Thursday nights opposite FOX's The Simpsons, and ratings began to sink. It was pulled from the schedule in December 1992 and returned to ABC the following spring 1993 for six episodes before finally being canceled. In an attempt to infuse ratings, the show was moved back to Tuesdays after Roseanne, and Burke brought her brunette hair back that spring (even refilming the opening credits to correspond with the change in hair color), in the sake of familiarity, but these changes proved to be too little, too late. It would rank 72nd for the season with an average 9.6 rating.
Award nominations
Earl Holliman was nominated for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Miniseries or Television Film at the 50th Golden Globe Awards in 1992.
References
External links
Delta at epguides.com
1992 American television series debuts
1993 American television series endings
1990s American musical comedy television series
1990s American sitcoms
American Broadcasting Company original programming
Television shows set in Tennessee
Television series by Universal Television | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta%20%28American%20TV%20series%29 |
Yuen Chau Tsai was an island in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. It is now connected to land by a causeway after land reclamation. It is part of Tai Po New Town in the Tai Po District.
The Tai Wong Yeh Temple and Island House are located in the area of the former island.
Island House
Built in 1905, Island House was built as the residence for the first British Police Magistrate appointed in 1898. It is one of the declared monuments of Hong Kong.
Tai Wong Yeh Temple
Tai Wong Yeh Temple () is located at the Island House Interchange. The temple was originally a stone tablet which was erected on the northern shore of Yuen Chau Tsai by the villagers in Chik Mei Village, located on the north bank of the Shenzhen River, in the mid-Qing Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty, some fishermen raised funds to build the temple for worship by local fishermen at the present location.
In 1960, a formal launching ceremony for dragon boats was first held at the Tai Wong Yeh Temple in Yuen Chau Tsai is held on Dragon Boat Festival. The ceremony has remained a tradition since then.
An opening ceremony was held in 1988 marking its renovation.
Yuen Chau Tsai (Island House) archaeological site
In 1960s, John Walden, who was the first one to report the site, collected stone adzes and geometric pottery sherds at the shoreline and the southern slope of Yuen Chau Tsai. In the 1980s and 1990s, field investigations recovered prehistoric cultural remains from the site.
.
References
Former islands of Hong Kong
Archaeological sites in Hong Kong
Tai Po District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuen%20Chau%20Tsai |
Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase (SCS, also known as succinyl-CoA synthetase or succinate thiokinase or succinate-CoA ligase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction of succinyl-CoA to succinate. The enzyme facilitates the coupling of this reaction to the formation of a nucleoside triphosphate molecule (either GTP or ATP) from an inorganic phosphate molecule and a nucleoside diphosphate molecule (either GDP or ADP). It plays a key role as one of the catalysts involved in the citric acid cycle, a central pathway in cellular metabolism, and it is located within the mitochondrial matrix of a cell.
Chemical reaction and enzyme mechanism
Succinyl CoA synthetase catalyzes the following reversible reaction:
Succinyl CoA + Pi + NDP ↔ Succinate + CoA + NTP
where Pi denotes inorganic phosphate, NDP denotes nucleotide diphosphate (either GDP or ADP), and NTP denotes nucleotide triphosphate (either GTP or ATP). As mentioned, the enzyme facilitates coupling of the conversion of succinyl CoA to succinate with the formation of NTP from NDP and Pi. The reaction has a biochemical standard state free energy change of -3.4 kJ/mol. The reaction takes place by a three-step mechanism which is depicted in the image below. The first step involves displacement of CoA from succinyl CoA by a nucleophilic inorganic phosphate molecule to form succinyl phosphate. The enzyme then utilizes a histidine residue to remove the phosphate group from succinyl phosphate and generate succinate. Finally, the phosphorylated histidine transfers the phosphate group to a nucleoside diphosphate, which generates the high-energy carrying nucleoside triphosphate.
Structure
Subunits
Bacterial and mammalian SCSs are made up of α and β subunits. In E. coli two αβ heterodimers link together to form an α2β2 heterotetrameric structure. However, mammalian mitochondrial SCSs are active as αβ dimers and do not form a heterotetramer.
The E. coli SCS heterotetramer has been crystallized and characterized in great detail. As can be seen in Image 2, the two α subunits (pink and green) reside on opposite sides of the structure and the two β subunits (yellow and blue) interact in the middle region of the protein. The two α subunits only interact with a single β unit, whereas the β units interact with a single α unit (to form the αβ dimer) and the β subunit of the other αβ dimer. A short amino acid chain links the two β subunits which gives rise to the tetrameric structure.
The crystal structure of Succinyl-CoA synthetase alpha subunit (succinyl-CoA-binding isoform) was determined by Joyce et al. to a resolution of 2.10 A, with PDB code 1CQJ. .
Catalytic residues
Crystal structures for the E. coli SCS provide evidence that the coenzyme A binds within each α-subunit (within a Rossmann fold) in close proximity to a histidine residue (His246α). This histidine residue becomes phosphorylated during the succinate forming step in the reaction mechanism. The exact binding location of succinate is not well-defined. The formation of the nucleotide triphosphate occurs in an ATP grasp domain, which is located near the N-terminus of the each β subunit. However, this grasp domain is located about 35 Å away from the phosphorylated histidine residue. This leads researchers to believe that the enzyme must undergo a major change in conformation to bring the histidine to the grasp domain and facilitate the formation of the nucleoside triphosphate. Mutagenesis experiments have determined that two glutamate residues (one near the catalytic histidine, Glu208α and one near the ATP grasp domain, Glu197β) play a role in the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the histidine, but the exact mechanism by which the enzyme changes conformation is not fully understood.
Isoforms
Johnson et al. describe two isoforms of succinyl-CoA synthetase in mammals, one that specifies synthesis of ATP, and one that synthesises GTP.
- ATP-forming -
- GTP-forming - ,
In mammals, the enzyme is a heterodimer of an α- and a β-subunit. The specificity for either adenosine or guanosine phosphates is defined by the β-subunit, which is encoded by 2 genes. SUCLG2 is GTP-specific and SUCLA2 is ATP-specific, while SUCLG1 encodes the common α-subunit. β variants are produced at different amounts in different tissues, causing GTP or ATP substrate requirements.
Mostly consuming tissues such as heart and brain have more ATP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase (ATPSCS), while synthetic tissues such as kidney and liver have the more GTP-specific form (GTPSCS). Kinetics analysis of ATPSCS from the breast muscle of pigeons and GTPSCS from pigeon liver showed that their apparent Michaelis constants were similar for CoA, but different for the nucleotides, phosphate, and succinate. The largest difference was for succinate: Kmapp of ATPSCS = 5mM versus that of GTPSCS = 0.5mM.
Function
Generation of nucleotide triphosphates
SCS is the only enzyme in the citric acid cycle that catalyzes a reaction in which a nucleotide triphosphate (GTP or ATP) is formed by substrate-level phosphorylation. Research studies have shown that E. coli SCSs can catalyze either GTP or ATP formation. However, mammals possess different types of SCSs that are specific for either GTP (G-SCS) or ATP (A-SCS) and are native to different types of tissue within the organism. An interesting study using pigeon cells showed that GTP specific SCSs were located in pigeon liver cells, and ATP specific SCSs were located in the pigeon breast muscle cells. Further research revealed a similar phenomenon of GTP and ATP specific SCSs in rat, mouse, and human tissue. It appears that tissue typically involved in anabolic metabolism (like the liver and kidneys) express G-SCS, whereas tissue involved in catabolic metabolism (like the brain, the heart, and muscular tissue) express A-SCS.
Formation of metabolic intermediates
SCS facilitates the flux of molecules into other metabolic pathways by controlling the interconversion between succinyl CoA and succinate. This is important because succinyl CoA is an intermediate necessary for porphyrin, heme, and ketone body biosynthesis.
Regulation and inhibition
In some bacteria, the enzyme is regulated at the transcriptional level. It has been demonstrated that the gene for SCS (sucCD) is transcribed along with the gene for α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (sucAB) under the control of a promoter called sdhC, which is part of the succinate dehydrogenase operon. This operon is up-regulated by the presence of oxygen and responds to a variety of carbon sources. Antibacterial drugs that prevent phosphorylation of histidine, like the molecule LY26650, are potent inhibitors of bacterial SCSs.
Optimal activity
Measurements (performed using a soy bean SCS) indicate an optimal temperature of 37 °C and an optimal pH of 7.0-8.0.
Role in disease
Fatal infantile lactic acidosis: Defective SCS has been implicated as a cause of fatal infantile lactic acidosis, which is a disease in infants that is characterized by the build-up of toxic levels of lactic acid. The condition (when it is most severe) results in death usually within 2–4 days after birth. It has been determined that patients with the condition display a two base pair deletion within the gene known as SUCLG1 that encodes the α subunit of SCS. As a result, functional SCS is absent in metabolism causing a major imbalance in flux between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Since the cells do not have a functional citric acid cycle, acidosis results because cells are forced to choose lactic acid production as the primary means of producing ATP.
See also
Citric acid cycle
Succinate dehydrogenase
Succinate—CoA ligase (ADP-forming)
Succinate—CoA ligase (GDP-forming)
References
External links
Metabolism
EC 6.2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succinyl%20coenzyme%20A%20synthetase |
Christian J. Peter (born October 5, 1972) is a former American football defensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). Peter's younger brother, Jason, also played in the NFL.
Early years
Peter grew up the oldest of four children in the Locust section of Middletown Township, New Jersey.
High school
Peter attended Middletown High School South, where he played one year of football as a junior. The team went undefeated and won the state title in 1990.
College career
Peter received a full athletic scholarship to the University of Nebraska where he was a three-year starter. He became one of the leaders of Nebraska's feared "Blackshirt" defense. Peter was an all-Big Eight Conference and honorable mention All-American in his senior year, and finished his college career with 124 total tackles, 20 tackles for loss and nine sacks. He was inducted into the Nebraska Football Hall of Fame in 2006.
Arrests and convictions
While attending Nebraska, Peter had several run-ins with the law for various offenses such as threatening a parking attendant while his vehicle was being towed, trespassing, public urination, refusing to comply with police, minor in possession of alcohol, and failure to appear in court. He was convicted four times. [3][4]
In 1993 Peter was accused of groping Natalie Kuijvenhoven (a former Miss Nebraska) in a crowded bar. He pled guilty and was sentenced to 18 months probation, and was suspended for a 1993 exhibition game. Following the 1993 charges from Kuijvenhoven, Kathy Redmond, who attended the University of Nebraska with Peter, came forward and claimed that Peter had sexually assaulted her during their freshman year in 1991. No criminal charges were filed in the matter, but Redmond did file a Title IX suit against the University of Nebraska in 1995; the suit was settled out of court.
In 1994, only a month before the draft, Peter was convicted of disturbing the peace after a woman accused him of grabbing her throat in a Kearney, Nebraska bar. He said he was under the influence during the altercation and admitted to responding in an inexcusable way after she allegedly called him a rapist.
Professional career
Peter was drafted by the New England Patriots in the fifth round of the 1996 NFL Draft. The pick set off a firestorm of criticism from the Boston area press, including Patriots fans and women's groups, as well as Myra Kraft, wife of Patriots owner Robert Kraft.[3] After learning more about Peter's history, the Patriots renounced his rights only a week after the draft. The team said that Peter's behavior was "incompatible with our organization's standards of acceptable conduct."[6] According to The Boston Globe, Myra Kraft personally demanded that the Patriots cut ties with Peter.[3] It was the first time in NFL history that a drafted player had been waived by a team before the start of training camp. Partly due to the backlash, no other team expressed interest. Since then, the Patriots have adopted a zero-tolerance policy for sexual assault.
After the 1996 season, the New York Giants signed Peter as a free agent on condition that he go through counseling for substance abuse, attention deficit disorder, and anger management.[7] He apologized for his behavior while at Nebraska and still speaks about the Giants today as having saved his life. After four years with the Giants, he went on to play with the Indianapolis Colts and the Chicago Bears, where he retired in 2004.
Post playing career
Today, Peter speaks openly of his sobriety, past struggles, and those who have helped him along the way. He travels to schools, businesses, communities, rehabs, and correctional facilities sharing his story in hopes that someone struggling will be helped. Peter currently serves on the board of the Tigger House Foundation, a 501(c) (3) non-profit organization dedicated to achieving a positive impact by reducing the death rate of heroin and opiate addiction.
Peter is currently residing in his home state of New Jersey with his wife and three children. In 2007, he started The Competitive Advantage Companies, a full service insurance brokerage firm based out of Red Bank, NJ.
References
1972 births
Living people
American football defensive tackles
Chicago Bears players
Indianapolis Colts players
Nebraska Cornhuskers football players
New York Giants players
Middletown High School South alumni
Milford Academy alumni
People from Middletown Township, New Jersey
Players of American football from Monmouth County, New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Peter |
Jammin' in New York is George Carlin's 14th album and eighth HBO special, recorded on April 24 and 25, 1992, at the Paramount Theater, on the grounds of Madison Square Garden in New York City. Topics include the war in the Persian Gulf, similarities and differences among average Americans and language used at airports.
The album won a Grammy Award in 1993 for Best Spoken Comedy Album.
On-air HBO promos for the live broadcast on April 25, 1992, referred to the program as George Carlin: Live at the Paramount. Before the opening credits, the words "This show is for SAM" appear. This is a reference to comedian Sam Kinison, who had died in a car crash two weeks before the recording.
Carlin considered Jammin' in New York his favorite and best HBO special.
Track listing
"Rockets and Penises in the Persian Gulf" - 7:35
"Little Things We Share" - 7:47
"Airline Announcements" - 16:44
"Golf Courses for the Homeless" - 11:13
"The Planet Is Fine" - 13:37
References
1990s American television specials
1990s in comedy
HBO network specials
Stand-up comedy concert films
George Carlin live albums
Stand-up comedy albums
Spoken word albums by American artists
Live spoken word albums
1992 live albums
Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album
Albums recorded at Madison Square Garden
1992 television specials
1990s comedy albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jammin%27%20in%20New%20York |
Vicia villosa, known as the hairy vetch, fodder vetch or winter vetch, is a plant native to some of Europe and western Asia. It is a legume, grown as a forage crop, fodder crop, cover crop, and green manure. Although non-native, it occurs in all US states and is considered invasive by some states, such as Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, and Washington state — as well as in Japan and some parts of Europe where it is not native. It is also found in most Canadian provinces.
Hairy vetch is very similar to tufted vetch (Vicia cracca), the most noticeable difference being that tufted vetch has a smooth stem.
Several subspecies are recognized:
Vicia villosa ssp. ambigua (Guss.) Kerguelen (= ssp. elegantissima, ssp. pseudocracca)
Vicia villosa ssp. eriocarpa (Hausskn.) P.W.Ball
Vicia villosa ssp. microphylla (d'Urv.) P.W.Ball
Vicia villosa ssp. varia (Host) Corb. (= ssp. dasycarpa)
Vicia villosa ssp. villosa
The species Vicia hirsuta is also called hairy vetch.
Cultivation
Hairy vetch is widely used by organic growers in the United States as a winter cover crop and in no-till farming, as it is both winter hardy and can fix as much as 200 lb/acre of atmospheric nitrogen. Disadvantages of hairy vetch in production agriculture are related to the crop having a portion of hard seed and its tendency to shatter seed early in the season, leading to it remaining in the field as a weed later in the season. This can be a particular problem in wheat production.
Companion plant
Organic gardeners often plant hairy vetch (a nitrogen-fixing legume) as a companion plant to tomatoes, as an alternative to rotating crops in small growing areas. When it is time to plant tomatoes in the spring, the hairy vetch is cut to the ground and the tomato seedlings are planted in holes dug through the matted residue and stubble. The vetch vegetation provides both nitrogen and an instant mulch that preserves moisture and keeps weeds from sprouting.
Alien or invasive species
It is regulated in the state of Florida. Some sources consider it generally invasive in areas with suitable climate for it to out-compete native species, in a manner similar to how cow vetch, Vicia cracca, is regarded. With both vetches, their agricultural usefulness is typically given precedence over concerns regarding potential ecological degradation. Despite being native to part of Europe it is considered an alien or invasive species in some European countries, such as Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Spain.
See also
Vicia spp. (vetch)
List of companion plants
References
External links
Managing Cover Crops Profitably
Alternative Field Crops Manual
TurfFiles Hairy Vetch Weed ID
Photo gallery
villosa
Flora of Europe
Flora of Western Asia
Nitrogen-fixing crops | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia%20villosa |
Arthur Newton Rupe (born Arthur Goldberg; September 5, 1917 – April 15, 2022) was an American music executive and record producer. He founded Specialty Records, known for its rhythm and blues, blues, gospel and early rock and roll music recordings, in Los Angeles in 1946.
Early years
Rupe was born Arthur Goldberg. He was born to a working-class Jewish family on September 5, 1917, in the Pittsburgh suburb of Greensburg, Pennsylvania and grew up in nearby McKeesport. His father was a factory worker who had immigrated from Galicia, and his mother was a housewife born in Pittsburgh. As a boy, he listened to music sung at a local black Baptist church. He attended college at Virginia Tech, Miami University, and University of California, Los Angeles. During World War II, he worked for a shipbuilding company in Los Angeles. Along the way, he changed his surname from Goldberg to Rupe, which was an ancestral name.
Career
Toward the end of the war, Rupe resolved to get into the entertainment industry. After losing money he had invested in a small record company, he spent $200 on what were called "race records" at the time to systematically analyze them and determine the formula for records that would sell. He decided that the secret lay in a big band sound with a churchy feel. He found the recording talent he needed in the many after-hours clubs in the Watts district.
He and Ben Siegert first established Juke Box Records in 1944 and after a few hits, he broke with his partners and started a new company, Specialty Records. The label soon thrived with Roy Milton, Percy Mayfield, and Jimmy Liggins, along with a very successful gospel catalog. The major producers for the label were Rupe, Robert "Bumps" Blackwell, and J.W. Alexander. Johnny Vincent was a sales representative for the company.
Rupe had a love of gospel music, and in 1947 he began recording gospel quartets such as the Soul Stirrers, the Swan Silvertones, the Pilgrim Travelers, Alex Bradford, Dorothy Love Coates and Sister Wynona Carr. His taste for gospel carried over into secular music and influenced his choice of artists to record, such as Guitar Slim, Don and Dewey, Lloyd Price, Larry Williams, and Little Richard. It led him to value feeling over technique in the recording studio.
Concerns about religious objections to the secularization of gospel music, combined with a contract dispute, resulted in his decision not to put out a pop record with gospel singer Sam Cooke. He recorded but ultimately chose not to release two songs that later became big hits, "You Send Me" and "Summertime".
In 1952, Rupe first traveled to New Orleans because of his attraction to the gospel sound of Fats Domino who played piano in the band of Dave Bartholomew, a former trumpeter with Duke Ellington. It was on this trip that he auditioned and then recorded Lloyd Price.
Rupe obtained his most successful artist when Little Richard, then a little-known recording artist, followed Lloyd Price's suggestion and sent Rupe a demo record. Rupe sent Blackwell to New Orleans to do a recording session, and during a recording break Little Richard sang an obscene song while playing the piano. Blackwell sensed that it was a hit, but after the lyrics had been cleaned up, there was no time to teach the song to a piano player. So Little Richard both played and sang the only song to emerge from that first session, done in just three takes, "Tutti Frutti", one of the most significant rock and roll records ever made. Rupe also recorded Guitar Slim, with a young Ray Charles on piano. In addition, Specialty issued some of the wildest R&B records, such as "Cherokee Dance", by Froggy Landers; "(Everytime I Hear) That Mellow Saxophone", by Roy Montrell; "Drunk" by Jimmy Liggins; and the rock & roll "Moose on the Loose", by Roddy Jackson.
The contracts that Specialty Records gave the artists to sign left Rupe and others at the label with full ownership and publishing rights of the music. Little Richard signed a contract with Specialty in 1955, and reportedly gave the label full ownership of all the music he recorded with them in return for 50% of the royalties earned. In his authorized biography, he states that he sold his publishing rights to "Tutti Frutti" for fifty dollars, leaving him with a small half-cent royalty rate per record sold. In 1959, Little Richard left the label and filed a lawsuit claiming he never received his royalties. He settled for $11,000 and waived his rights to royalties from such hits as "Tutti Frutti" and "Long Tall Sally".
During the 1960s and later, Rupe became increasingly involved in oil and gas investments. Success in this area allowed him to establish the Arthur N. Rupe Foundation, a philanthropy based in Santa Barbara. When asked why Specialty was so successful, Rupe credited his own ability to produce rather than his business skills. In the early 1960s, he stopped producing records but remained active in the music business as a publisher. He returned during the 1950s-revival period in the late 1960s, but only to reissue landmark recordings of the R&B era. Rupe sold Specialty to Fantasy Records in 1991.
Later years and death
Rupe turned 100 in September 2017. He died on April 15, 2022, at his home in Santa Barbara, California. He was 104 years old.
Honors
Rupe was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 2007. In 2011, he (along with former Elektra Records founder Jac Holzman) was awarded the Ahmet Ertegun Award by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. According to the citation, Rupe "brought R&B and soul into the mainstream and launched Little Richard’s career. Rupe’s fastidious work ethic and uncanny musical intuition shaped the evolution of rock."
References
External links
Marv Goldberg's R&B Notebooks
Pittsburgh Music History article on Art Rupe
1917 births
2022 deaths
American centenarians
20th-century American Jews
American music industry executives
Record producers from Pennsylvania
Men centenarians
Miami University alumni
People from Greensburg, Pennsylvania
People from McKeesport, Pennsylvania
21st-century American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20Rupe |
Texar's Revenge, or, North Against South () is the full title of the English translation of the novel written by the French science-fiction author Jules Verne, and centers on the story of James Burbank, an antislavery northerner living near Jacksonville, Florida, and Texar, a pro-slavery southerner who holds a vendetta against Burbank. Originally published in France in 1887, the book received a tepid reaction upon its release in the United States, partly because of Verne's inexpertise regarding some details of the American Civil War, and has since fallen into obscurity compared to many of Verne's other works.
Plot summary
Texar and Burbank are bitter enemies, Burbank's northern view of slavery as an evil being an unpopular stance with Texar and the rest of the community, deep in the Confederate States of America. On top of this disagreement, though, Texar is angry at Burbank for past legal troubles Burbank has brought upon Texar, and, despite Texar inventing a perfect alibi that allows him to escape conviction, Texar feels the need for vengeance and eventually becomes a prominent and powerful member of the Jacksonville community. Using this newfound power, Texar turns the townsfolk against Burbank and leads a mob that destroys the Burbank plantation, known as Camdless Bay. Burbank's daughter Dy and caretaker Zermah are both kidnapped by a man claiming to be Texar and are purportedly taken to a place in the Everglades called Carneral Island. En route, and after enlisting the help of the United States Navy, they find a separate group searching for Texar in response to crimes that apparently happened in the same time as the ones at Camdless Bay but in a distant location. This opens up the realization that there is one real Texar and one who is not, and the search continues now, not only for Dy and Zermah, but for the answer to this mystery.
Publication history
Nord Contre Sud, the original French title of the book, was first published in its fully illustrated edition in November, 1887, by J. Hetzel et Cie, Paris.
In the first American (and first English) translation, Nord Contre Sud (North Against South) was relegated to a subtitle and the book's title was made Texar's Vengeance, quickly re-translated as Texar's Revenge. This edition was published by George Munro, New York (1887), a translation by Laura E. Kendall as part of the "Seaside Library". Since then, however, there have been more minor variations on the title, some editions referring to the title as "The Texar's Revenge", others omitting the title completely in favor of the more simple "North Against South". The most common and generally most accepted American version of the title is the full "Texar's Revenge, or, North Against South". There have also been a handful of editions that have split the book into two volumes, those being "Burbank the Northerner" and "Texar the Southerner", both of which are contained in most editions of the book. Various cheap editions were published in the U.S. for the next 20 years by W. L. Allison, Hurst, and others.
The first fully illustrated edition in English was North against South published by Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, London, December 1887. This is a different anonymous translation from the one published by George Munro. In 2007 the first fully illustrated edition of North against South in the U.S. was published by the Choptank Press of St. Michaels, Maryland as a Lulu Press book, a replica re-publication of the Sampson Low first edition.
Quote
[In Jules Verne's] story of "Texar"... a very thin streak of narrative is padded to almost unwieldy proportions by a quantity of remarkably inaccurate information about the rebellion. If anyone thought the game worth the candle it would be easy to point out the various comical inaccuracies in the historical part of the story... [quoted in T&M]
References
1887 French novels
Novels by Jules Verne
Novels set during the American Civil War
Novels set in Florida
History of Jacksonville, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texar%27s%20Revenge%2C%20or%2C%20North%20Against%20South |
In geometry, the pentagrammic antiprism is one in an infinite set of nonconvex antiprisms formed by triangle sides and two regular star polygon caps, in this case two pentagrams.
It has 12 faces, 20 edges and 10 vertices. This polyhedron is identified with the indexed name U79 as a uniform polyhedron.
Note that the pentagram face has an ambiguous interior because it is self-intersecting. The central pentagon region can be considered interior or exterior depending on how interior is defined. One definition of interior is the set of points that have a ray that crosses the boundary an odd number of times to escape the perimeter.
In either case, it is best to show the pentagram boundary line to distinguish it from a concave decagon.
Gallery
Net
Net (fold the dotted line in the centre in the opposite direction to all the other lines):
See also
Prismatic uniform polyhedron
Pentagrammic prism
Pentagrammic crossed-antiprism
References
External links
http://www.mathconsult.ch/showroom/unipoly/04.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20050313233653/http://www.math.technion.ac.il/~rl/kaleido/data/04.html
Prismatoid polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentagrammic%20antiprism |
Cueva de El Fantasma (in Spanish, "Cave of The Phantom" after the comic book character) is a giant cave in southern Venezuela, located in one of the most biologically rich, geologically ancient parts of the world, along the slopes of Aprada-tepui. Large enough for two helicopters to land in the cave, the report from Zootaxa is said to be the first photographic evidence of such an immense cave. However, experts note, it is not technically a cave, but rather a collapsed, steep gorge.
References
External links
Live Science
Caves of Venezuela | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cueva%20del%20Fantasma |
Bryan Keith Cox Sr. (born February 17, 1968) is an American football coach and former player. He is the assistant defensive line coach for the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Western Illinois University, an FCS program that has developed other NFL talent, and received attention for his aggressive style of play. Although Cox was a relatively late fifth-round pick by the Miami Dolphins in the 1991 NFL Draft, he rose to prominence as a standout linebacker during his twelve NFL seasons from 1991 through 2002. He was a three-time pro bowler with the Dolphins, and was also a member of the New England Patriots club that won Super Bowl XXXVI.
High school and college
Cox was a member of the East St. Louis High School Flyers high school football team, where he was coached by Bob Shannon.
Cox attended Western Illinois University and was a mass communications major and a letterman in football. In football, he was a four-year letterman and a two-year starter. As a senior, he was named as a first-team All-America selection by the Football Gazette and was a first-team all-conference selection. As a junior, he was named the Western Illinois Most Valuable Player. As a sophomore, Cox played in every game, and finished his sophomore season with 54 tackles, four forced fumbles, three fumble recoveries, two interceptions and three blocked kicks. As a freshman, Cox was a reserve nickel-back and finished the season with 30 tackles.
Professional playing career
Cox was drafted by the Dolphins in the fifth round of the 1991 NFL Draft, chosen 113th overall. As a rookie, Cox started 13 games as the Dolphins right outside linebacker, racking up a total of 61 tackles along with two sacks. Miami finished out the season 8-8. In his sophomore campaign, Cox blossomed and helped lead the Dolphins to an 11-5 record and the AFC Championship Game. He made his first Pro Bowl and was named to the All Pro team after recording 127 tackles, 14 sacks and five forced fumbles. Miami switched to a 4-3 defense in 1993 and Cox was moved to right linebacker. The team started out 9-2, but lost their last five to miss the playoffs. Cox again led the team with 122 tackles, four forced fumbles and four fumble recoveries. He also collected five sacks and an interception.
Cox earned his second Pro Bowl selection in 1994, starting 16 games at middle linebacker, leading the team with 100 tackles. Miami finished the season 10-6, winning the Wild Card Game against the Kansas City Chiefs, 27-17 before losing the Divisional Playoff to the San Diego Chargers, 22-21. In 1995, Cox was selected to his second consecutive Pro Bowl, and third overall. He again started every game at middle linebacker, finishing the year with a team high 119 tackles, 7.5 sacks and three forced fumbles. The Dolphins went 9-7 before bowing out in the Wild Card Game to the Buffalo Bills, 37-22. The defense tied for the AFC lead by allowing only seven rushing touchdowns. Overall, Cox spent five years with the Dolphins playing both outside and middle linebacker, starting 75 out of a possible 78 games. While with Miami, Cox made his distaste towards division rival Buffalo widely known, giving the finger towards fans in 1993 and getting into a fist-fight with Bills fullback Carwell Gardner in 1995.
Cox would go on to play seven more seasons in the NFL for the Chicago Bears, New York Jets, New England Patriots, and New Orleans Saints. In a career encompassing 165 games, Cox recorded 764 tackles, tallied 51.5 quarterback sacks, caught four interceptions and forced 22 fumbles. Among his most famous plays was a 27-yard interception-return touchdown against the Patriots in September 1999 while playing with the Jets; another famous play came with the Patriots in September 2001 in a game against the Indianapolis Colts; Cox hit receiver Jerome Pathon in the first quarter, a hit that briefly knocked Pathon out.
Throughout his NFL career, Cox was easily recognizable on the field due to the unusual headrest- or "surfboard"-style neck roll he wore and colored to match his uniform jersey.
Post-playing career
From 2004 to 2005 he worked as an analyst for TVG Network. Cox also co-hosted an afternoon drive radio program for Fox Sports Radio in 2006 alongside Chris Myers.
Coaching career
He was an assistant defensive line coach for the New York Jets for three seasons (2006–2008) under Eric Mangini. After Mangini was fired and became the coach of the Cleveland Browns in January 2009, he brought Cox with him, where Cox was the defensive line coach.
On February 21, 2011, Cox was hired by the Miami Dolphins as their pass rush coach.
On February 17, 2012, Cox was hired to become a defensive assistant at the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was hired the same day as Bill Sheridan.
On January 11, 2014, Cox was hired by the Atlanta Falcons as their defensive line coach.In the 2016 season, Cox and the Falcons reached Super Bowl LI on February 5, 2017. Against the New England Patriots, the Falcons would fall in a 34–28 overtime defeat. On February 8, 2017, the Atlanta Falcons relieved Cox of his duties as the defensive line coach.
On February 16, 2022, Cox joined the New York Giants as a defensive line assistant.
Personal life
Cox was born in East Saint Louis, Illinois to Ronald Cox and Nancy Mathis. He has five siblings, Christopher, Pamela, Anthony, Tonya and Junius Cox.
He is married to Kim Brown and has five children Bryan Cox Jr., Brittani Cox, Lavonda Cox, Chiquita Cox, and Kelli Cox.
Bryan's son, Bryan Cox Jr., played football as a defensive lineman for the Florida Gators and was a member of the Carolina Panthers practice squad, but got promoted to the active roster in late September of 2017. He signed with the Cleveland Browns on November 13, 2019. On April 29, 2020, he signed with the Buffalo Bills, who were ironically his father's most-hated rival.
Notes and references
1968 births
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football linebackers
Atlanta Falcons coaches
Chicago Bears players
Cleveland Browns coaches
Living people
Miami Dolphins coaches
Miami Dolphins players
New England Patriots players
New Orleans Saints players
New York Jets coaches
New York Jets players
Players of American football from East St. Louis, Illinois
Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
Western Illinois Leathernecks football players
New York Giants coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20Cox |
In geometry, the pentagrammic crossed-antiprism is one in an infinite set of nonconvex antiprisms formed by triangle sides and two regular star polygon caps, in this case two pentagrams.
It differs from the pentagrammic antiprism by having opposite orientations on the two pentagrams.
This polyhedron is identified with the indexed name U80 as a uniform polyhedron.
The pentagrammic crossed-antiprism may be inscribed within an icosahedron, and has ten triangular faces in common with the great icosahedron. It has the same vertex arrangement as the pentagonal antiprism. In fact, it may be considered as a parabidiminished great icosahedron.
See also
Prismatic uniform polyhedron
External links
http://www.mathconsult.ch/showroom/unipoly/80.html
http://bulatov.org/polyhedra/uniform/u05.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20050313234519/http://www.math.technion.ac.il/~rl/kaleido/data/05.html
Prismatoid polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentagrammic%20crossed-antiprism |
The phrase "short, sharp shock" describes a punishment that is severe but which only lasts for a short time. It is an example of alliteration. Although the phrase originated earlier, it was popularised in Gilbert and Sullivan's 1885 comic opera The Mikado, where it appears in the song near the end of Act I, "I Am So Proud". It has since been used in popular songs, song titles, and literature, as well as in general speech.
Origin
Mary I of England used the phrase in 1555 to refer to what she hoped would be a brief and effective use of brutality to persuade the populace to return to Catholicism by publicly burning a small number of visible Protestant heretics, rather than making a larger more systemic purge.
John Conington's 1870 translation of the First Satire of Horace includes the following lines:
Yon soldier's lot is happier, sure, than mine:
One short, sharp shock, and presto! all is done.
The Mikado
In Act I of the 1885 Gilbert and Sullivan opera The Mikado, the Emperor of Japan, having learned that the town of Titipu is behind on its quota of executions, has decreed that at least one beheading must occur immediately. Three government officials, Pooh-Bah, Ko-Ko and Pish-Tush, discuss which of them should be beheaded to save the town from ruin. Pooh-Bah says that, although his enormous pride would normally prompt him to volunteer for such an important civic duty, he has decided to "mortify" his pride, and so he declines this heroic undertaking. He points out that Ko-Ko is already under sentence of death for the capital crime of flirting, and so Ko-Ko is the obvious choice to be beheaded. The three characters then sing the song "I Am So Proud". In the last lines of the song, they contemplate "the sensation" of the "short, sharp shock" caused by being beheaded:
To sit in solemn silence in a dull, dark dock,
In a pestilential prison, with a lifelong lock,
Awaiting the sensation of a short, sharp shock,
From a cheap and chippy chopper on a big black block!
In popular culture
Songs and albums
The phrase is spoken by roadie Roger Manifold in the Pink Floyd song "Us and Them" on the band's 1973 album, The Dark Side of the Moon.<ref>Longfellow, Matthew. "Pink Floyd: The Making of Dark Side of the Moon (1997), documentary film</ref>Short Sharp Shock is the name of a 1984 album by Chaos UK. It also appears in the title of an album, Short Sharp Shocked, by Michelle Shocked and the EP "Shortsharpshock" by Therapy?. Short Sharp Shock is the name of a crossover thrash band from Liverpool, England. The phrase is used in the song "East Side Beat" by the Toasters, and in the 1980 song Stand Down Margaret by the Beat. It can also be found in the lyrics of a Billy Bragg song entitled "It Says Here" found on his 1984 album Brewing Up with Billy Bragg and of a They Might Be Giants song entitled "Circular Karate Chop" on their 2013 album Nanobots.
Literature
In literature, the phrase is used in the title of a 1990 fantasy novel, A Short, Sharp Shock by Kim Stanley Robinson. In the 1996 fantasy novel by Terry Pratchett, Feet of Clay, police commander Sam Vimes is "all for giving criminals a short, sharp shock", meaning electrocution.
UK politics
Since Gilbert and Sullivan used the phrase in The Mikado'', "short, sharp shock" has been used in political discourse in the UK. The phrase met renewed popularity with respect to government policy on young offenders pursued by the Conservative government of 1979–1990 under Margaret Thatcher, having appeared in the 1979 Conservative Policy manifesto, which promised that the party would "experiment with a tougher regime as a short, sharp shock for young criminals". These policies led to the enactment of the Criminal Justice Acts of 1982 and 1988 which, among other reforms, replaced borstals with youth detention centres.
The "short, sharp shock" programme was ultimately shown to have no effect on reoffending rates, with more than half of offenders being convicted again within a year, and young offenders being released back into the community "stronger, fitter, wiser and meaner". The policy was abandoned.
References
Sources
External links
Midi file and lyrics of "I Am so Proud" from The Mikado
Example of the phrase being employed in connection with the treatment of prisoners
English phrases
Penology
Gilbert and Sullivan
Informal legal terminology
1885 introductions
Decapitation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short%2C%20sharp%20shock |
Jesse Burr Strode (February 18, 1845 – November 10, 1924) was an American Republican Party politician.
He was born in Fulton County, Illinois on February 18, 1845, and graduated from Abingdon College in Abingdon, Illinois (which was later consolidated with Eureka College). During the American Civil War he enlisted in Company G, Fiftieth Regiment, of the Illinois Volunteer Infantry serving from September 10, 1861, to the end of the war.
He returned to Abingdon first becoming principal of the schools from 1865 to 1873, being elected councilman six times and mayor twice. He moved to Plattsmouth, Nebraska and studied law passing the bar in and set up practice there in 1879. He was a district attorney from 1882 to 1888, moving to Lincoln, Nebraska in 1887. He was a district court judge in 1892. He was elected to the Fifty-fourth United States Congress and reelected to the Fifty-fifth United States Congress as a representative for the 1st district of Nebraska. He did not run for reelection in 1898, returning to Nebraska to become prosecuting attorney for the third district of Nebraska. He then became department commander of the Grand Army of the Republic in 1919 and 1920. He died in Lincoln on November 10, 1924, and is buried in Wyuka Cemetery.
References
1845 births
1924 deaths
People from Fulton County, Illinois
People of Illinois in the American Civil War
Illinois city council members
Mayors of places in Illinois
Nebraska state court judges
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska
People from Plattsmouth, Nebraska
Grand Army of the Republic officials | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse%20Burr%20Strode |
In geometry, the small ditrigonal icosidodecahedron (or small ditrigonary icosidodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U30. It has 32 faces (20 triangles and 12 pentagrams), 60 edges, and 20 vertices. It has extended Schläfli symbol a{5,3}, as an altered dodecahedron, and Coxeter diagram or .
It is constructed from Schwarz triangle (3 3 ) with Wythoff symbol 3 | 3. Its hexagonal vertex figure alternates equilateral triangle and pentagram faces.
Related polyhedra
Its convex hull is a regular dodecahedron. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the great ditrigonal icosidodecahedron (having the triangular faces in common), the ditrigonal dodecadodecahedron (having the pentagrammic faces in common), and the regular compound of five cubes. As a simple polyhedron, it is also a hexakis truncated icosahedron where the triangles touching the pentagons are made coplanar, making the others concave.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20ditrigonal%20icosidodecahedron |
The strict father model of parenting is one which values strict discipline, particularly by the father, in parenting. The strict mother model also exists.
Ideas involved in this model include:
That children learn through reward and punishment, as in operant conditioning. Corporal punishment, such as spanking, is favored in this model relative to other models.
That children become more self-reliant and more self-disciplined by having strict parents.
That the parent, particularly the father, is meant to mete out rewards for good behavior as well as punish bad behavior.
This model of child-rearing would involve, for example, allowing children to cry themselves to sleep on the grounds that picking up a child when it should be sleeping on its own improperly fosters dependence on the parents. In his book Dare to Discipline, James Dobson advocates the strict father model. However, some researchers have linked authoritarian childrearing with children who withdraw, lack spontaneity, and have lesser evidence of conscience.
The strict father model is discussed by George Lakoff in his books, including Moral Politics, Don't Think of an Elephant, The Political Mind, and Whose Freedom?. In these books, the strict father model is contrasted with the nurturant parent model. Lakoff argues that if the metaphor of nation as family and government as parent is used, then conservative politics correspond to the strict father model. For example, conservatives think that adults should refrain from looking to the government for assistance lest they become dependent.
References
External links
The Nation as Family. Rockridge Institute. Refer to chapter 4.
Two Worldviews - A History, Two Ideal Family Models and The Role of Empathy
Political science
Fatherhood
Parenting | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strict%20father%20model |
In geometry, the stellated truncated hexahedron (or quasitruncated hexahedron, and stellatruncated cube) is a uniform star polyhedron, indexed as U19. It has 14 faces (8 triangles and 6 octagrams), 36 edges, and 24 vertices. It is represented by Schläfli symbol t'{4,3} or t{4/3,3}, and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, . It is sometimes called quasitruncated hexahedron because it is related to the truncated cube, , except that the square faces become inverted into {8/3} octagrams.
Even though the stellated truncated hexahedron is a stellation of the truncated hexahedron, its core is a regular octahedron.
Orthographic projections
Related polyhedra
It shares the vertex arrangement with three other uniform polyhedra: the convex rhombicuboctahedron, the small rhombihexahedron, and the small cubicuboctahedron.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellated%20truncated%20hexahedron |
Mark Alan Stuart (born April 14, 1968) is an American missionary and former Christian rock musician, singer and songwriter best known as the lead vocalist for the Christian rock band Audio Adrenaline during their original run from 1986 to 2007. Mark has won 2 Grammy Awards and has been nominated for 6.
Audio Adrenaline
Mark Stuart met the original guitarist and bassist for Audio Adrenaline, Barry Blair and Will McGinniss, while attending Kentucky Christian College (now known as Kentucky Christian University). Barry Blair was Mark's roommate for three years. They founded the band in 1986 under the name of A-180. However, they temporarily disbanded the next year when Mark went to Haiti for a semester. When he returned to Kentucky, the band reformed and recruited Bob Herdman, who brought them two songs to record. After they did, they changed their name to Audio Adrenaline and signed a deal with Forefront Records. After more than twenty years of success with the band and eight studio albums, Stuart decided to retire in January 2006. The primary reason cited was Stuart's "ongoing vocal challenges" stemming from vocal cord damage caused by a disorder known as spasmodic dysphonia.
After Audio Adrenaline
Stuart and Will McGinniss of Audio Adrenaline started a project called Know Hope Collective. The project features a changing group of musicians that sing worship songs and present testimonies.
Personal life
Stuart married Kerri McKeehan, sister of TobyMac, in 1995. The two later divorced. He and his second wife, Aegis, have two adopted children originally from Haiti.
Missionary work
Stuart has visited Haiti consistently to help with missionary efforts. Stuart and McGinniss started the Hands and Feet Project, a nonprofit charity that funds orphanages in Haiti, in 2003.
On January 12, 2010, Stuart, his parents, and his wife Aegis were working at the Hands and Feet Project in Jacmel, Haiti when the earthquake struck Port-au-Prince. None at the Project were injured by the quake, and Stuart was interviewed by media outlets such as CNN, MSNBC and BBC, among others. He assisted with relief efforts in Jacmel until returning to the U.S. on January 22, when he continued to assist by raising funds through continued coordination of relief efforts and organization of benefit concerts.
Contributions to other artists
Stuart was producer for two-time Grammy Nominated and now Platinum-selling artists singer/songwriter Jennifer Knapp's hit album Kansas, and co-produced her first Grammy nominated album Lay It Down with Knapp.
In the rock opera !Hero (in 2003) Stuart starred as Petrov, a character based on the apostle Peter. He starred alongside such notables as Michael Tait, T-Bone and Rebecca St. James.
Stuart has written songs for tobyMac and Kutless, and co-wrote the song 'All the Above' by MercyMe from their 2002 album, Spoken For.
Stuart has Executive Producer credit on the albums: The Healing of Harms by Fireflight; A Love Hate Masquerade by Kids in the Way; The Twenty-First Time by Monk & Neagle; Conquering the Fear of Flight by Wavorly; Where Do We Go from Here and Fireproof by Pillar; and Bone-Appetit! by T-Bone, among others
Stuart is featured on the tracks: "Lord" from the compilation album Your Name (2008); "Sing Your Praises" from the T-Bone album Bone-Appetit! (2007); "The Lords Prayer" and "To You Be the Glory" from the compilation album Let's Roll: Together In Unity, Faith, and Hope (2002); and "Air" from the compilation album, Soul Lift (2001).
Stuart contributes background vocals to the track "Trust in Me" on the album Katy Hudson (2001)
References
External links
Mark Stuart on Twitter
Hands & Feet Project
Know Hope Collective Project
Living people
People from Owensboro, Kentucky
Rock musicians from Kentucky
1968 births
American performers of Christian music
Audio Adrenaline members
Singers from Kentucky
Songwriters from Kentucky
Performers of Christian rock music | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Stuart%20%28musician%29 |
In geometry, the great cubicuboctahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U14. It has 20 faces (8 triangles, 6 squares and 6 octagrams), 48 edges, and 24 vertices. Its square faces and its octagrammic faces are parallel to those of a cube, while its triangular faces are parallel to those of an octahedron: hence the name cubicuboctahedron. The prefix great serves to distinguish it from the small cubicuboctahedron, which also has faces in the aforementioned directions.
Orthographic projections
Related polyhedra
It shares the vertex arrangement with the convex truncated cube and two other nonconvex uniform polyhedra. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the nonconvex great rhombicuboctahedron (having the triangular faces and 6 square faces in common), and with the great rhombihexahedron (having the octagrammic faces in common).
Great hexacronic icositetrahedron
The great hexacronic icositetrahedron (or great lanceal disdodecahedron) is the dual of the great cubicuboctahedron.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20cubicuboctahedron |
In geometry, the dodecadodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U36. It is the rectification of the great dodecahedron (and that of its dual, the small stellated dodecahedron). It was discovered independently by , and .
The edges of this model form 10 central hexagons, and these, projected onto a sphere, become 10 great circles. These 10, along with the great circles from projections of two other polyhedra, form the 31 great circles of the spherical icosahedron used in construction of geodesic domes.
Wythoff constructions
It has four Wythoff constructions between four Schwarz triangle families: 2 | 5 5/2, 2 | 5 5/3, 2 | 5/2 5/4, 2 | 5/3 5/4, but represent identical results. Similarly it can be given four extended Schläfli symbols: r{5/2,5}, r{5/3,5}, r{5/2,5/4}, and r{5/3,5/4} or as Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams: , , , and .
Net
A shape with the same exterior appearance as the dodecadodecahedron can be constructed by folding up these nets:
12 pentagrams and 20 rhombic clusters are necessary. However, this construction replaces the crossing pentagonal faces of the dodecadodecahedron with non-crossing sets of rhombi, so it does not produce the same internal structure.
Related polyhedra
Its convex hull is the icosidodecahedron. It also shares its edge arrangement with the small dodecahemicosahedron (having the pentagrammic faces in common), and with the great dodecahemicosahedron (having the pentagonal faces in common).
This polyhedron can be considered a rectified great dodecahedron. It is center of a truncation sequence between a small stellated dodecahedron and great dodecahedron:
The truncated small stellated dodecahedron looks like a dodecahedron on the surface, but it has 24 faces: 12 pentagons from the truncated vertices and 12 overlapping as (truncated pentagrams). The truncation of the dodecadodecahedron itself is not uniform and attempting to make it uniform results in a degenerate polyhedron (that looks like a small rhombidodecahedron with {10/2} polygons filling up the dodecahedral set of holes), but it has a uniform quasitruncation, the truncated dodecadodecahedron.
It is topologically equivalent to a quotient space of the hyperbolic order-4 pentagonal tiling, by distorting the pentagrams back into regular pentagons. As such, it is topologically a regular polyhedron of index two:
The colours in the above image correspond to the red pentagrams and yellow pentagons of the dodecadodecahedron at the top of this article.
Medial rhombic triacontahedron
The medial rhombic triacontahedron is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the dodecadodecahedron. It has 30 intersecting rhombic faces.
It can also be called the small stellated triacontahedron.
Stellation
The medial rhombic triacontahedron is a stellation of the rhombic triacontahedron, which is the dual of the icosidodecahedron, the convex hull of the dodecadodecahedron (dual to the original medial rhombic triacontahedron).
Related hyperbolic tiling
It is topologically equivalent to a quotient space of the hyperbolic order-5 square tiling, by distorting the rhombi into squares. As such, it is topologically a regular polyhedron of index two:
Note that the order-5 square tiling is dual to the order-4 pentagonal tiling, and a quotient space of the order-4 pentagonal tiling is topologically equivalent to the dual of the medial rhombic triacontahedron, the dodecadodecahedron.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodecadodecahedron |
In geometry, the great icosidodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U54. It has 32 faces (20 triangles and 12 pentagrams), 60 edges, and 30 vertices. It is given a Schläfli symbol r{3,}. It is the rectification of the great stellated dodecahedron and the great icosahedron. It was discovered independently by , and .
Related polyhedra
The figure is a rectification of the great icosahedron or the great stellated dodecahedron, much as the (small) icosidodecahedron is related to the (small) icosahedron and (small) dodecahedron, and the cuboctahedron to the cube and octahedron.
It shares its vertex arrangement with the icosidodecahedron, which is its convex hull. Unlike the great icosahedron and great dodecahedron, the great icosidodecahedron is not a stellation of the icosidodecahedron, but a faceting of it instead.
It also shares its edge arrangement with the great icosihemidodecahedron (having the triangle faces in common), and with the great dodecahemidodecahedron (having the pentagram faces in common).
The truncated great stellated dodecahedron is a degenerate polyhedron, with 20 triangular faces from the truncated vertices, and 12 (hidden) pentagonal faces as truncations of the original pentagram faces, the latter forming a great dodecahedron inscribed within and sharing the edges of the icosahedron.
Great rhombic triacontahedron
The dual of the great icosidodecahedron is the great rhombic triacontahedron; it is nonconvex, isohedral and isotoxal. It has 30 intersecting rhombic faces. It can also be called the great stellated triacontahedron.
The great rhombic triacontahedron can be constructed by expanding the size of the faces of a rhombic triacontahedron by a factor of τ3 = 1+2τ = 2+√5, where τ is the golden ratio.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
Rhombic hexecontahedron
Notes
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20icosidodecahedron |
In geometry, the cubitruncated cuboctahedron or cuboctatruncated cuboctahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U16. It has 20 faces (8 hexagons, 6 octagons, and 6 octagrams), 72 edges, and 48 vertices, and has a shäfli symbol of tr{4,3/2}
Convex hull
Its convex hull is a nonuniform truncated cuboctahedron.
Orthogonal projection
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a cubitruncated cuboctahedron are all the permutations of
(±(−1), ±1, ±(+1))
Related polyhedra
Tetradyakis hexahedron
The tetradyakis hexahedron (or great disdyakis dodecahedron) is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It has 48 intersecting scalene triangle faces, 72 edges, and 20 vertices.
Proportions
The triangles have one angle of , one of and one of . The dihedral angle equals . Part of each triangle lies within the solid, hence is invisible in solid models.
It is the dual of the uniform cubitruncated cuboctahedron.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
p. 92
External links
http://gratrix.net Uniform polyhedra and duals
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubitruncated%20cuboctahedron |
In geometry, the great truncated cuboctahedron (or quasitruncated cuboctahedron or stellatruncated cuboctahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U20. It has 26 faces (12 squares, 8 hexagons and 6 octagrams), 72 edges, and 48 vertices. It is represented by the Schläfli symbol tr{4/3,3}, and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram . It is sometimes called the quasitruncated cuboctahedron because it is related to the truncated cuboctahedron, , except that the octagonal faces are replaced by {8/3} octagrams.
Convex hull
Its convex hull is a nonuniform truncated cuboctahedron. The truncated cuboctahedron and the great truncated cuboctahedron form isomorphic graphs despite their different geometric structure.
Orthographic projections
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a great truncated cuboctahedron centered at the origin are all permutations of
(±1, ±(1−), ±(1−2)).
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20truncated%20cuboctahedron |
Rolling Thunder was a racing roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township, New Jersey. Designed by William Cobb, it opened in 1979 as the park's first wooden coaster during its fifth operating season. Rolling Thunder closed permanently in 2013 to make room for Zumanjaro: Drop of Doom, which opened in 2014.
History
Rolling Thunder opened on June 6, 1979. To mark the 100th anniversary of roller coasters in the US, Rolling Thunder's Coaster 2 side was renamed "Rednuht Gnillor", the backwards spelling of "Rolling Thunder", in 1984. The trains were turned around so that riders could view the ride while riding backwards. During this season, Rednuht Gnillor's warning signs were placed in the back of the station and on the back of the lift hill so that riders could see them.
Rolling Thunder did not operate from Fall 2005 through Spring 2006 due to construction of the "Plaza del Carnival" section of the park and the new El Toro roller coaster. The ride closed permanently on September 8, 2013, to "make room" for Zumanjaro: Drop of Doom, which opened the following year in 2014. Despite being attached to Kingda Ka's support structure and not itself interfering with Rolling Thunder, the queue for Zumanjaro partially crosses through an area where Rolling Thunder once stood. In 2015, the entrance sign and former queue line for Rolling Thunder were reused for "El Diablo", a Larson International ride similar to the Larson "Fire Ball" carnival ride, a flat ride that Six Flags has classified as a roller coaster in several of their parks.
Ride experience
Queue
The line for the ride began at an adjoining entrance and had separate queues for each track. The queue to the right of the entrance lead to the Coaster 1 track and Coaster 2 was reached by the queue on the left. Guests who were not tall enough for coasters with 54-inch (137 cm) minimum height rode Rolling Thunder, which had a 44-inch (112 cm) height requirement.
Layout
Unlike most racing coasters, Rolling Thunder's tracks were not always next to each other, they separated at several points in the ride. After the first drop, the left track traveled over a big hill, followed by a small hill, whereas the second track reversed that. On the turnaround at the back, the left track traveled up and made a level turn, while the right track traveled up and dropped while turning. The hills on the return segment were also staggered. The trains were not always raced.
Track
The structure and track were mostly built from 850,000 feet (259,080 m) of Douglas fir. In the past, the Douglas fir had been treated with pesticides which were not considered environmentally friendly and the track and supports were slowly being replaced with southern yellow pine.
The track was made by bolting seven layers of wood. In most places on the ride, there were two layers of southern yellow pine, which sat on top of five layers of Douglas fir. Older sections of track still had seven layers of Douglas fir (mostly on the lift) and there were refurbished sections of track with seven layers of southern pine. A strip of steel was bolted onto the top layer of wood track and three-inch-wide pieces of steel were bolted onto the sides.
Brakes
Rolling Thunder used skid brakes to stop the trains rather than modern fin brakes. The trains had brake pads underneath each car which slid against the brakes to lift the train's wheels off the track. The brakes were always in the up position unless the operator, in conjunction with the rear unloader attendant, advanced a train. The road wheels were heard spinning at the end of the ride and continued to spin until the operator, in conjunction with the unload attendant, advanced the train.
There were three sets of brakes. The trim and ready brakes were located in the tunnel at the end of the ride. The trim brake slowed and stopped the train and served as a holding place for one train until the second train left the station. The train was advanced off the trim and onto the ready brake. The ready brake held the train until the second train reached the top half of the lift hill. The dispatch brake held the train in the station while it was being unloaded and loaded for the next ride. The trains were stopped manually and were not always aligned with the queue stalls in the station. Therefore, the attendants had to direct the guests to their rows from time to time before the airgates were opened.
When the brake pads and wheels were wet, there was little friction to stop the trains and they slid too far onto the brakes. For safety reasons, only one train ran per side in rainy weather.
Trains
There were four trains that were distinguishable by color: red, blue, yellow and green. Each train had four three-bench Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters cars held together by hitch bars. Each car contained six seats. Each train held a maximum of 24 riders.
The trains used buzz bars that locked in one position. Seat dividers and headrests were added in 1981 to prevent people from standing on the ride while it was in operation. Seat belts were added on the ride's 30th anniversary.
There were three types of wheels used on the trains. Sixteen road wheels rode on the steel layer on top of the track. Sixteen guide wheels guided the trains around the turned on a separate steel track located on the sides of the wooden track. Sixteen upstop wheels rode on the bottom of the track.
Accident
On August 16, 1981, a 20-year-old park employee from Middletown, New Jersey, fell from the coaster to his death during a routine test run. An investigation by the New Jersey Labor Department concluded that he may not have secured himself with the safety bar. A park representative later confirmed this conclusion, saying that the employee "may have assumed an unauthorized riding position that did not make use of safety restraints". The ride was inspected and the Labor Department concluded that the ride was "operationally and mechanically sound".
See also
2013 in amusement parks
References
Former roller coasters in New Jersey
Six Flags Great Adventure
Roller coasters operated by Six Flags
1979 establishments in New Jersey
2013 disestablishments in New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling%20Thunder%20%28roller%20coaster%29 |
West Lafayette Community School Corporation is a top rated, public school district located in West Lafayette, Indiana. It has 2,316 students in grades K-12 with a student-teacher ratio of 16 to 1. According to state test scores, 72% of students are at least proficient in math and 72% in reading.
The West Lafayette Community School Corporation administers the following schools in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States:
West Lafayette Elementary School (Formerly known as Cumberland Elementary School)
West Lafayette Intermediate School
West Lafayette Junior-Senior High School
The superintendent is Shawn Greiner.
External links
West Lafayette Community School Corporation
School districts in Indiana
West Lafayette, Indiana
Education in Tippecanoe County, Indiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Lafayette%20Community%20School%20Corporation |
The nurturant parent model also known as the "Nurturing Parent" is a metaphor used for a belief system, (built upon an underlying value system) that goes in contrast with the Stern Father (Strict Father) parenting belief system. Each system is reflects a contrasting value system in parenthood, i.e. conservative parenting and liberal parenting.
The "Nurturant Parent" is one of the various parenting styles in practice in the world. A Nurturing Parent gives his/her children both "roots in the ground" and "wings to fly". The parent accomplishes this by conveying, role-modeling and enforcing boundaries which encourage the child to explore their personal freedom (trying their new wings) while practicing self-discipline as well. The Nurturant Parent model has a healthy respect for children's inherent intelligence. Thus children are allowed to explore their environment under a careful watch by their parents, who are responsible for protecting the child from serious mistakes, by offering guidance. A child will be picked up if the child cries because the parent wants the child to feel safe and supported. If a child grows up believing their needs are likely to be met, (s)he will grow out confident, ready to face challenges. Meanwhile the Nurturant Parent also encourages their children to have their roots deeply implanted in stable grounds. This is done by making the child practice appropriate amount of self-discipline and self-connection. They may be asked to do age-appropriate house chores, limit money they spend, take part in discussions of "feelings" and "thoughts" and practice setting healthy boundaries with strangers, friends and adults in general.
The above elaboration was originally expressed more simply as 'a family model where children are expected to explore their surroundings; at the same time, being protected by their parents.'
Other ideas:
True discipline is much more than strict, unquestioning obedience.
Mutual respect and compassion are also rights
Mutual respect and compassion are best taught by example
The outside world is no more inherently hostile than it is inherently friendly.
The world commands respect
Research
This model is based on a study conducted by the Boston College Graduate Program in Human Development where researchers were investigating the parenting style preferred by parents of extraordinarily creative children. Most parenting books recommend the authoritative style. The researchers discovered another parenting style which they called "the nurturing parent" that focuses on responsibility, empathy, and creativity. The basic approach these parents used was to:
Trust in their children's fairness and good judgment
Respect their children's autonomy, thoughts and feelings
Support their children's interests and goals
Enjoy their children's company
Protect their children from doing injury to self or others, not by establishing rules but by communicating values and discussing their children's behavior back with them
Modeling the self-control, sensitivity and values they believe their children will need
Further mentions
In his unfinished book, Caring Parents: a Guide to Successful Parenting, clinical social worker Herbert Jay Rosenfield encourages use of the acronym "RECEPEE", for "Reasonable Expectations, Clearly Expressed, Performed Everyday and by Example". "The factors that children need to develop good self-esteem … are primarily 'gifts' from us parents!" writes Rosenfield, who offers another acronym "UCARE":
Uniqueness that is positive, achieved through praise, encouragement, and positive feedback
Connectiveness to family, to extended family, and to a neighborhood that is safe, healthy and moderate
Age-appropriate autonomy: responsibilities and privileges that parallel their age and capabilities
Role Examples: parent models with good self-esteem and behavior, whom they can emulate
Reverend George Englehardt stated succinctly, in 1991, that "parental responsibility is to provide their children with a safe, loving, nurturing environment".
The nurturant parent model is also discussed by George Lakoff in his books, including Moral Politics and Whose Freedom? In these books, the nurturant parent model is contrasted with the strict father model. Lakoff argues that if the metaphor of nation as family and government as parent is used, then progressive politics correspond to the nurturant parent model. For example, progressives want the government to make sure that the citizens are protected and assisted to achieve their potential. This might take the form of tough environmental regulations or healthcare assistance.
The model is also consistent with slow parenting in that children are encouraged to explore the world for themselves. They have to learn to face the risks that nature presents. Although slow parenting might go further and reduce the level of protection offered by parents, it would not advocate withholding it entirely.
See also
Strict father model
Slow parenting
Parenting styles
Dr Spock
References
Parenting
Political science | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurturant%20parent%20model |
In geometry, the truncated great dodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U37. It has 24 faces (12 pentagrams and 12 decagons), 90 edges, and 60 vertices. It is given a Schläfli symbol t{5,5/2}.
Related polyhedra
It shares its vertex arrangement with three other uniform polyhedra: the nonconvex great rhombicosidodecahedron, the great dodecicosidodecahedron, and the great rhombidodecahedron; and with the uniform compounds of 6 or 12 pentagonal prisms.
This polyhedron is the truncation of the great dodecahedron:
The truncated small stellated dodecahedron looks like a dodecahedron on the surface, but it has 24 faces, 12 pentagons from the truncated vertices and 12 overlapping as (truncated pentagrams).
Small stellapentakis dodecahedron
The small stellapentakis dodecahedron (or small astropentakis dodecahedron) is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the truncated great dodecahedron. It has 60 intersecting triangular faces.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Nonconvex polyhedra
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated%20great%20dodecahedron |
In geometry, the small stellated truncated dodecahedron (or quasitruncated small stellated dodecahedron or small stellatruncated dodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U58. It has 24 faces (12 pentagons and 12 decagrams), 90 edges, and 60 vertices. It is given a Schläfli symbol t{,5}, and Coxeter diagram .
Related polyhedra
It shares its vertex arrangement with three other uniform polyhedra: the convex rhombicosidodecahedron, the small dodecicosidodecahedron and the small rhombidodecahedron.
It also has the same vertex arrangement as the uniform compounds of 6 or 12 pentagrammic prisms.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20stellated%20truncated%20dodecahedron |
In geometry, the great stellated truncated dodecahedron (or quasitruncated great stellated dodecahedron or great stellatruncated dodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U66. It has 32 faces (20 triangles and 12 decagrams), 90 edges, and 60 vertices. It is given a Schläfli symbol t0,1{5/3,3}.
Related polyhedra
It shares its vertex arrangement with three other uniform polyhedra: the small icosicosidodecahedron, the small ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron, and the small dodecicosahedron:
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a great stellated truncated dodecahedron are all the even permutations of
(0, ±τ, ±(2−1/τ))
(±τ, ±1/τ, ±2/τ)
(±1/τ2, ±1/τ, ±2)
where τ = (1+)/2 is the golden ratio (sometimes written φ).
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20stellated%20truncated%20dodecahedron |
Catherine de Foix (c. 1455 – died before 1494) was a French noblewoman.
She was a daughter of Gaston IV, Count of Foix, and Eleanor of Navarre, and was a granddaughter of John II of Aragon and Blanche I of Navarre.
Catherine married Gaston de Foix, Count of Candale. They had:
Gaston de Foix, 3rd Count of Candale.
Jean de Foix, Archbishop of Bordeaux.
Pierre de Foix, died without issue.
Anne de Foix (1484-1506), married King Vladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary.
References
Sources
1450s births
Year of birth uncertain
Year of death unknown
15th-century deaths
15th-century French people
15th-century French women
House of Foix
Navarrese infantas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20of%20Foix%2C%20Countess%20of%20Candale |
General Sir Arthur James Lyon Fremantle (11 November 1835 – 25 September 1901) was a British Army officer and a notable British witness to the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War. Whilst holding the rank of "Captain and Lieutenant Colonel" he spent three months (from 2 April until 16 July 1863) in North America, travelling through parts of the Confederate States of America and the Union. Contrary to popular belief, Colonel Fremantle was not an official representative of the United Kingdom; instead, he was something of a war tourist.
Early life and career
Fremantle was born into a distinguished military family; his father, Lieutenant-General John Fremantle, had commanded a battalion of the Coldstream Guards, and had served during the Peninsular War and Waterloo Campaign, as well as acting as aide-de-camp to Lieutenant-General John Whitelocke during the abortive British invasion of Buenos Aires in 1807. Arthur's middle name, Lyon, came from his mother, Agnes Lyon. He was called "Arthur" after the Duke of Wellington, who had been the first witness at his parents' wedding in 1829.
After his graduation from Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Arthur Fremantle was commissioned into the British Army in 1852, serving firstly as an ensign in the 70th Foot, before being transferred to the 52nd Foot almost immediately thereafter. The following year, Fremantle became ensign and lieutenant in the Coldstream Guards, and continued to receive promotions until, in 1860, at the age of 25, he held the rank of captain of his regiment and lieutenant colonel in the Army.
The same year, Fremantle was appointed to the position of assistant military secretary at Gibraltar under Governor William Codrington. In January 1862, the Confederate commerce raider CSS Sumter, pursued by the Union Navy, arrived in port. The ship's commander, Raphael Semmes, sought to have his ship repaired and refitted, although ultimately the Sumter was sold and its crew transferred to the newly constructed CSS Alabama. Sometime in early 1862, the young British captain met the flamboyant Confederate captain, and was inspired by Semmes' tales of blockade running and combat on the high seas.
Like many other officers of his generation, including Lieutenant Colonel Garnet Wolseley, Fremantle had a considerable interest in the American Civil War. Unlike most of the others, however, he decided to take a tour of the South, and applied for a leave of absence in 1863. By his own admission, his initial sympathies lay with the Union, due to his natural distaste for slavery. But as stated in his own book, in the Preface:
On 2 March 1863, Captain and Lieutenant Colonel Fremantle left England on board the mail steamer Atrato.
Travelling through Texas
Fremantle entered the Confederacy through the Mexican town of Matamoros, Tamaulipas, on 2 April on board the Royal Navy frigate HMS Immortalité to avoid being in violation of the Union blockade, and crossed the Rio Grande into Brownsville, Texas. Within three hours of his arrival in the Confederacy, Fremantle encountered 'frontier justice' for the first time, finding the body of a renegade, known as Montgomery, half-buried and stripped of flesh at the roadside. Spending almost two weeks in Brownsville, with occasional visits across the border to Matamoros and the village of Bagdad, Fremantle became acquainted with General Hamilton P. Bee and several merchants and diplomats who were facilitating the trade of cotton across the border with Mexico. Part of the reasoning for Fremantle's tenure in Brownsville may have been that he wished to meet General John B. Magruder, for whom he had a letter of introduction. However, Magruder was delayed, and Fremantle left Brownsville on 13 April in a carriage in the company of some of his merchant friends. Their driver and his assistant, Mr Sargeant and Judge Hyde, are particularly memorable figures from Fremantle's diary, in no small part due to Fremantle's astonishment that a member of the justiciary should be working on a stagecoach. Later, General Longstreet would recall meeting the same two men during his own service in Texas.
After finally meeting with General Magruder shortly after leaving Brownsville, Fremantle continued his journey across the South Texas prairie, dutifully recording in his diary his observations about the taste of polecat, the snuff habits of Texan women, and allusions to the coarse language of his drivers and travelling companions. He finally arrived in San Antonio, Texas, on 24 April, where he sold most of his luggage, and from there travelled to Houston, Texas, where he arrived on 30 April. Here, he dined with General William Read Scurry, and observed that those Confederate officers he encountered were extremely complimentary about Great Britain and the Queen, even proposing toasts to her health and to the Empire. Fremantle now proceeded with haste across the remaining Texan countryside, as rumours concerning the fate of Alexandria, Louisiana began to reach him. Furthermore, the continuing siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi, was another source of anxiety, as the capture of the city would make passage across the Mississippi River practically impossible.
Setting off for Galveston, Texas, on 2 May, Fremantle found himself meeting Sam Houston, the father of Texan independence, though he found the elder statesman to be vain and egotistical, as well as bitter and uncouth in his mannerisms. This occurred less than three months before Houston's death, presumably making Fremantle one of the last foreign visitors to meet the general. The English observer finally left Texas on 8 May, arriving in Shreveport, Louisiana, and partaking of the hospitality of General Edmund Kirby Smith and his wife.
From Louisiana to Tennessee
On the advice of General Kirby Smith, Fremantle made his way to Monroe, Louisiana, to attempt to cross the river from there due to the uncertainty surrounding the status of Alexandria. By the morning of 10 May, the day Fremantle's stagecoach arrived at its destination, travellers began to report that the city had fallen. In Monroe itself, Fremantle learned of the Confederate victory at Chancellorsville, although the news was accepted by locals without excitement. The wounding of Stonewall Jackson, however, caused some distress. The high expectations of Southerners, and their contempt for their enemies, would be among the few major points of criticism made by Fremantle. After considerable anxiety on board a steamer on the Mississippi, Fremantle finally crossed the river and arrived in Natchez, Mississippi, on 15 May.
From Natchez, Fremantle travelled to Jackson, which he reached on 18 May. As the city had been evacuated and attacked only a few days earlier, Fremantle was treated with some suspicion by soldiers and locals, who expressed scepticism that an English officer should be travelling alone through the South. One local, the gun-toting Mr Smythe, even went so far as to threaten the foreign visitor with execution should he be unable to prove his identity and credentials. Upon 'examination' by a mob in a hotel, Fremantle finally convinced a Confederate cavalry officer and an Irish doctor of his legitimacy, and was spirited away to meet General Joseph E. Johnston, who accepted the peculiar traveller into his company. Fremantle remained near Johnston for several days, learning of the death of General Jackson from his Chancellorsville wound.
Fremantle's next stop was at Mobile, Alabama, which he reached on 25 May after an eventful journey by train, in which a railway engineer shot a passenger. After inspecting the defences of the city with General Dabney H. Maury, Fremantle briefly visited Montgomery, the former capital of the Confederate States, before arriving in Chattanooga, Tennessee, on 28 May. Here, Fremantle met yet more prominent figures, including Generals William J. Hardee and Leonidas Polk, and Clement Vallandigham, the leader of the Copperheads. Later, Fremantle also encountered Braxton Bragg, who supplied the Englishman with letters of introduction and passes, allowing him to travel to Shelbyville, which he reached the following day. Fremantle remained here until 5 June, inspecting troops in the company of General Hardee, his fellow Englishman Colonel George St. Leger Grenfell and the Irish-born General Patrick Cleburne. He also witnessed the baptism of General Bragg, and a small skirmish between Federal and Confederate forces outside the town, before leaving for Charleston the following day.
On to Richmond
Increasingly, Lieutenant Colonel Fremantle became possessed of a desire to get to the Confederate capital, Richmond, and from there attempt to locate the Army of Northern Virginia, with which he intended to journey for a while. From Tennessee, he travelled through Augusta and Atlanta, before arriving in Charleston, South Carolina, the birthplace of the war, on 8 June. The English tourist was keen to inspect the defences of the city, and remained there until 15 June, inspecting Fort Sumter and visiting Morris Island in the company of General Roswell S. Ripley, commander of South Carolina's First Military District. During this stay, Fremantle also met General PGT Beauregard, and a member of Captain Raphael Semmes' crew from the CSS Sumter, whom Fremantle had first met in Gibraltar in 1862.
En route to Richmond, Fremantle passed through Wilmington, North Carolina, and Petersburg, Virginia, before arriving in the Confederate capital two days after leaving Charleston. On the day of his arrival, he was granted a meeting with Confederate Secretary of State Judah P. Benjamin. During the audience, Benjamin assured Fremantle that British diplomatic recognition of the C.S.A. would terminate the war without more bloodshed, though the British officer was concerned about a possible Union invasion of Canada. Benjamin also complained to his guest about revelations about his gambling habits made by the former correspondent of The Times, William Howard Russell. Benjamin then took Fremantle to see President Jefferson Davis, with whom he spoke for an hour. From Fremantle's account, it is possible to conclude that the Confederate leaders may have been trying to impress their British visitor on the matter of diplomatic intervention, without real consideration of his lack of power to do so.
Intent on finding Lee's army at the earliest opportunity, Fremantle visited the Confederate Secretary of War James Seddon on 18 June, where he was furnished with letters of introduction to Generals Lee and Longstreet. Leaving Richmond two days later, Fremantle came upon the division of General William Dorsey Pender on 21 June, and reached Lee's headquarters at Berryville a day later.
Here, Fremantle met the individuals who would be his companions for the next two weeks. Among them were Francis Charles Lawley, the Times correspondent who had replaced Russell, Captain Fitzgerald Ross, an Austrian cavalry officer, and Captain Justus Scheibert, a Prussian army engineer who had been sent to inspect Confederate fortifications by his government. The accounts of these four men present the most enlightening accounts written by foreigners of the Campaign and Battle of Gettysburg.
Gettysburg
Lieutenant Colonel Fremantle introduced himself to General Longstreet on 27 June, a crucial meeting since it allowed Fremantle to observe the advance through Maryland and Pennsylvania in close quarters to the General and his staff. As well as the other foreign observers, Fremantle also became well acquainted with some of Longstreet's staff officers, including Gilbert Moxley Sorrel, Thomas Goree, and the medical staff, Doctors Cullen and Maury. As a neutral observer, Fremantle was allowed to enter the town of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, which was off-limits to most soldiers and officers on the orders of General Lee.
On 30 June, Fremantle met the famous commander of the Army of Northern Virginia for the first time, and learned from Longstreet that General George Meade had replaced Joseph Hooker as commander of the Army of the Potomac. In the camp, Fremantle spoke to the staff officers about the likelihood of battle in the near future. The next day, the sound of artillery fire alerted the English visitor that the two armies had indeed met each other. According to Fremantle's diary, a spy, presumably Henry Thomas Harrison, informed the company that there was a significant concentration of Union troops around Gettysburg. Whilst talking to Union prisoners, Fremantle met General Ambrose Powell Hill, who complained of being ill. Later in the evening, when the Union forces had reformed on Cemetery Ridge, Fremantle climbed a tree to observe the last of the fighting, before consulting with Longstreet again about the following day's action.
On 2 July, the four foreign observers returned to the battlefield at 5 am, in time to witness a meeting between Generals Lee, Longstreet, Hill, John Bell Hood and Henry Heth. Once more, Fremantle climbed his tree to see what was happening, this time in the company of Captain Scheibert. After touring the Confederate lines, Fremantle returned to that position at about 2 pm on the advice of General Longstreet, but was frustrated that the attack did not take place until well after 4 pm. For the first time, the Englishman heard the 'Rebel Yell', as well as a Confederate band playing polkas and waltzes above the din of battle. That evening, news reached the observers of the wounding of General Hood, as well as the death of General William Barksdale.
On the morning of 3 July, Captain Ross and Colonel Fremantle made an inspection of the town of Gettysburg itself, intending to get to the cupola of the seminary, which had been used by General John Buford as a vantage point two days earlier. The commencement of the Union bombardment stopped the two observers, and so they returned to Longstreet's headquarters early in the afternoon. Fremantle alone found the General sitting on a small fence. Thinking that the battle was just getting under way, Fremantle commented to Longstreet that he 'wouldn't have missed this for anything'. Longstreet wryly pointed out to his guest that the attack had already happened, and had been repulsed. Longstreet asked if Fremantle had anything to drink, at which the Englishman made a gift to the general of his silver hip flask.
Coming upon Lee, Fremantle found him rallying the defeated troops, reassuring them and trying to rally them ahead of an anticipated Union counterattack. The Union counterattack did not come, however, and Fremantle retreated along with the rest of the Confederate Army on the night of 4 July. As the army fell back into Maryland, Fremantle met Jeb Stuart, the cavalry commander whose absence during the preceding battle cost Lee valuable intelligence. On 7 July, Fremantle took his leave of Longstreet and his staff, intending to cross the Union lines and make his way to New York City. A parting remark made by Major Latrobe did little to reassure him: 'You may take your oath he'll be caught for a spy'. Longstreet was more confident of Fremantle's abilities, informing his aide that, since Fremantle had managed to travel across lawless areas of Texas, crossing the Union lines would cause him little difficulty.
Two days later, in Hagerstown, Fremantle left Lawley and Ross, and made his way towards the Union Army. Despite initial suspicion, Fremantle convinced General Benjamin Franklin Kelley that he was no spy, even showing the officer a pass from General Lee verifying Fremantle's neutral status.
New York and the Draft Riots
His passage having been secured, Fremantle arrived by train in New York City on the night of 12 July, booking into the Fifth Avenue Hotel.
The following day, Fremantle went out for a walk along Broadway. Upon his return to the hotel, he found that shopkeepers were closing their shutters early, and then noticed that several buildings were ablaze. Fire engines were present, but the crowd was not permitting them to be used. Increasingly alarmed, Fremantle saw a black youth pursued by the mob, eventually finding refuge with a company of soldiers, to the disgust of the massed protestors. Bewildered, the Englishman asked a bystander why the crowds were so vehement in their hatred of blacks. In response, he was told that they were 'the innocent cause of all these troubles'.
In fact, the New York City draft riots (13–16 July 1863), the most violent insurrection in the history of the US had begun, and were eventually to evolve into an anti-black pogrom. A day later, Fremantle noted that the activities of the mob were worsening, with battles between police and rioters now taking place in the streets. An English captain reported that the mob had forced their way onto his ship and beaten his black crew members, forcing a French warship to threaten violence against any attacks against foreign vessels.
Return to England
On 15 July, amidst the violence and terror gripping large parts of the city, Fremantle boarded the SS China, and began his voyage back to Britain.
Upon returning to England, the young Lieutenant Colonel Fremantle found himself being questioned by friends and colleagues on the truth of the situation in the Confederate States, as only Union newspapers were readily available in England. Suitably encouraged, Fremantle wrote a book on his experiences in America, Three Months in the Southern States, based on the diary which he kept throughout his sojourn in the South. Published in 1864, the book was well-received both in Great Britain and in the Union, and it was even printed in Mobile by S.H. Goetzel & Co., being eagerly read even by the beleaguered Southerners, who wanted to see how their struggle was being reported by a foreign visitor.
Later life and career
Fremantle married shortly after his return to Great Britain, and served with his regiment until 1880, when he was placed on half pay after 28 years of service without seeing any active duty. The following year, however, he was promoted to the rank of major general and assigned as aide-de-camp to Prince George, Duke of Cambridge, commander-in-chief of the British Army.
The United Kingdom was upset by the disasters suffered by the Anglo-Egyptian forces contending with the Mahdist army in the Sudan (Battle of El Obeid; 1st Battle of El Teb). Fremantle was sent to the Sudan, temporarily serving as garrison commander at the port of Suakin.
Fremantle followed General Graham in his inland raid when he intended to crush the Mahdist Osman Digna. Fremantle was in command of the Brigade of Guards and as such took part in the harsh Battle of Tamai.
After the fall of Khartoum and the departure of the British from the Sudan, Fremantle stayed for a brief time in Cairo, then returned to England in 1886, serving in the War Office as Deputy Adjutant-General for Militia, Yeomanry and volunteers. In February 1893 he became Commander-in-Chief, Scotland, a post he held for less than a year.
He ended his career on a high note by being appointed to the office of Governor of Malta in January 1894. During his time on the island, Fremantle became a popular governor, presiding over political decisions such as the matter of mixed and non-Catholic marriages, and the issue of the payment of reparations to the Maltese ecclesiastical authorities from the Napoleonic Wars. In 1897, Fremantle renamed the line of fortifications that was under construction the Victoria Lines to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. In November 1898, he hosted a visit to the island by the German Emperor, Kaiser William II, who arrived in Valletta on board his personal yacht, the Hohenzollern, upon which Governor Fremantle joined the Kaiser for dinner.
In 1899, after his term in office ended, Lieutenant-General Arthur Fremantle returned to England. Fremantle was appointed a Knight of Grace of the Order of St John on 7 March 1900.
A member of the Royal Yacht Squadron, General Fremantle died at the age of 65 in the Squadron's headquarters in Cowes Castle on the Isle of Wight from complications of asthma on 25 September 1901. On the centenary of his funeral, a ceremony marking the restoration of his grave in Woodvale Cemetery, near Brighton, was conducted by his descendants and by Civil War re-enactors from the United States.
Legacy
Although the book was a best-seller at the time, the ultimate defeat of the Confederacy led to a sharp decrease in Britain of the appetite for Civil War diaries after 1865, including Fremantle's diary. In 1952, however, historian Walter Lord published a revised edition of Three Months in the Southern States, retitled The Fremantle Diary, which featured an introduction by the editor and detailed references.
In popular media
Part of the reason for the enduring fame of Fremantle compared to his fellow observers may be his role in Civil War literature and film, thanks to the success of Michael Shaara's historical novel, The Killer Angels. The novel, published in 1974, deals with the events of the Battle of Gettysburg and the effects of the engagement on some of the main protagonists, including Generals Longstreet and Lee, as well as Colonel Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain and General John Buford. Shaara's primary source material for researching the novel included the diaries, letters and correspondence of figures who were either involved in or present at the Battle.
In the 1993 film adaptation of Shaara's novel, retitled Gettysburg, Lieutenant Colonel Fremantle is portrayed by James Lancaster. His character changes little from the book, once again engaging in important discussions with General Longstreet and his officers on the Confederacy's relations with the United Kingdom. However his appearance is substantially different from reality: in the movie he is shown in a scarlet British uniform sipping tea from a china cup, whereas, being in an unofficial capacity, he was dressed in a "gray shooting-jacket" and had been living rough like many others in the country.
Since 1993, Fremantle has been portrayed in historical re-enactments in the United States by Roger Hughes, who also led the efforts to have Fremantle's grave in Brighton restored in 2001. Hughes maintains a website providing considerable information on Fremantle, his family, his travels and Civil War re-enactments.
References
Sources
Further reading
Longstreet, James, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America, J. B. Lippincott and Co., 1896, (reprinted by Da Capo Press) .
Lonn, Ella, Foreigners in the Confederacy, University of North Carolina Press, 1940, (reprinted 2002), .
External links
|-
1835 births
1901 deaths
Coldstream Guards officers
People of the American Civil War
British Army personnel of the Mahdist War
52nd Regiment of Foot officers
British Army generals
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Deaths from asthma
Governors and Governors-General of Malta
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Lyon%20Fremantle |
In geometry, the truncated great icosahedron (or great truncated icosahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U55. It has 32 faces (12 pentagrams and 20 hexagons), 90 edges, and 60 vertices. It is given a Schläfli symbol t{3,} or t0,1{3,} as a truncated great icosahedron.
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a truncated great icosahedron centered at the origin are all the even permutations of
(±1, 0, ±3/τ)
(±2, ±1/τ, ±1/τ3)
(±(1+1/τ2), ±1, ±2/τ)
where τ = (1+√5)/2 is the golden ratio (sometimes written φ). Using 1/τ2 = 1 − 1/τ one verifies that all vertices are on a sphere, centered at the origin, with the radius squared equal to 10−9/τ. The edges have length 2.
Related polyhedra
This polyhedron is the truncation of the great icosahedron:
The truncated great stellated dodecahedron is a degenerate polyhedron, with 20 triangular faces from the truncated vertices, and 12 (hidden) pentagonal faces as truncations of the original pentagram faces, the latter forming a great dodecahedron inscribed within and sharing the edges of the icosahedron.
Great stellapentakis dodecahedron
The great stellapentakis dodecahedron is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the truncated great icosahedron. It has 60 intersecting triangular faces.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated%20great%20icosahedron |
In geometry, the great ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron (or great dodekified icosidodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U42. It has 44 faces (20 triangles, 12 pentagons, and 12 decagrams), 120 edges, and 60 vertices. Its vertex figure is an isosceles trapezoid.
Related polyhedra
It shares its vertex arrangement with the truncated dodecahedron. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the great icosicosidodecahedron (having the triangular and pentagonal faces in common) and the great dodecicosahedron (having the decagrammic faces in common).
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20ditrigonal%20dodecicosidodecahedron |
The Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station is a local station on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line of the New York City Subway. Located at the intersection of Cathedral Parkway and Broadway in Morningside Heights, Manhattan, it is served by the 1 train at all times.
The 110th Street station was constructed for the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) as part of the city's first subway line, which was approved in 1900. Construction of the line segment that includes 110th Street began on June 18 of the same year. The station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway. The station's platforms were lengthened in 1948 to accommodate ten-car trains, and the station was renovated in the 2000s.
The 110th Street station contains two side platforms and three tracks; the center track is not used in regular service. The station was built with tile and mosaic decorations. The platforms contain exits to 110th Street and Broadway and are not connected to each other within fare control. The original section of the station is a New York City designated landmark and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
History
Construction and opening
Planning for a subway line in New York City dates to 1864. However, development of what would become the city's first subway line did not start until 1894, when the New York State Legislature passed the Rapid Transit Act. The subway plans were drawn up by a team of engineers led by William Barclay Parsons, the Rapid Transit Commission's chief engineer. It called for a subway line from New York City Hall in lower Manhattan to the Upper West Side, where two branches would lead north into the Bronx. A plan was formally adopted in 1897, and all legal conflicts concerning the route alignment were resolved near the end of 1899.
The Rapid Transit Construction Company, organized by John B. McDonald and funded by August Belmont Jr., signed the initial Contract 1 with the Rapid Transit Commission in February 1900, under which it would construct the subway and maintain a 50-year operating lease from the opening of the line. In 1901, the firm of Heins & LaFarge was hired to design the underground stations. Belmont incorporated the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT) in April 1902 to operate the subway.
The 110th Street station was constructed as part of the IRT's West Side Line (now the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) from 104th Street to 125th Street, for which construction began on June 18, 1900. The section of the West Side Line around this station was originally planned as a two-track line, but in early 1901, was changed to a three-track structure to permit train storage in the center track. Construction on the section between 104th Street and 125th Street had already begun prior to the design change, requiring that a portion of the work be undone. A third track was added directly north of 96th Street, immediately east of the originally planned two tracks. By late 1903, the subway was nearly complete, but the IRT Powerhouse and the system's electrical substations were still under construction, delaying the system's opening.
The 110th Street station opened on October 27, 1904, as one of the original 28 stations of the New York City Subway from City Hall to 145th Street on the West Side Branch. The opening of the first subway line, and particularly the 110th Street station, helped contribute to the development of Morningside Heights and Harlem.
Service changes and station renovations
20th century
After the first subway line was completed in 1908, the station was served by West Side local and express trains. Express trains began at South Ferry in Manhattan or Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn, and ended at 242nd Street in the Bronx. Local trains ran from City Hall to 242nd Street during rush hours, continuing south from City Hall to South Ferry at other times. In 1918, the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line opened south of Times Square–42nd Street, and the original line was divided into an "H"-shaped system. The original subway north of Times Square thus became part of the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line. Local trains were sent to South Ferry, while express trains used the new Clark Street Tunnel to Brooklyn.
To address overcrowding, in 1909, the New York Public Service Commission proposed lengthening the platforms at stations along the original IRT subway. As part of a modification to the IRT's construction contracts made on January 18, 1910, the company was to lengthen station platforms to accommodate ten-car express and six-car local trains. In addition to $1.5 million (equivalent to $ million in ) spent on platform lengthening, $500,000 (equivalent to $ million in ) was spent on building additional entrances and exits. It was anticipated that these improvements would increase capacity by 25 percent. The northbound platform at the 110th Street station was extended to the south, while the southbound platform was not lengthened. Six-car local trains began operating in October 1910, and ten-car express trains began running on the West Side Line on January 24, 1911. Subsequently, the station could accommodate six-car local trains, but ten-car trains could not open some of their doors. In conjunction with the platform lengthening, an additional entrance to the station was constructed. The new entrance was completed in 1911, except for finishing work and the installation of a kiosk. Following the installation of railings and a ticket booth, this entrance was opened on January 17, 1912. The kiosk and some finishing work were completed after the entrance had opened. In 1925, the New York City Board of Estimate ordered the removal of the three entrance kiosks at 110th Street for imperiling the safety of pedestrians and drivers by obstructing vision, and requested that the New York City Board of Transportation henceforth build entrances adjacent to the building line, or preferably, in buildings. The project was completed in 1926.
The city government took over the IRT's operations on June 12, 1940. Platforms at IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line stations between and , including those at 110th Street, were lengthened to between 1946 and 1948, allowing full ten-car express trains to stop at these stations. A contract for the platform extensions at 110th Street and eight other stations on the line was awarded to Spencer, White & Prentis Inc. in October 1946, with an estimated cost of $3.891 million. The platform extensions at these stations were opened in stages. On April 6, 1948, the platform extension at 110th Street opened. Simultaneously, the IRT routes were given numbered designations with the introduction of "R-type" rolling stock, which contained rollsigns with numbered designations for each service. The route to 242nd Street became known as the 1. In 1959, all 1 trains became local.
In 1979, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the space within the boundaries of the original station, excluding expansions made after 1904, as a city landmark. The station was designated along with eleven others on the original IRT.
In April 1988, the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA) unveiled plans to speed up service on the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line through the implementation of a skip-stop service: the 9 train. When skip-stop service started in 1989, it was only implemented north of 137th Street–City College on weekdays, and 110th Street was served by both the 1 and the 9.
21st century
In June 2002, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) announced that ten subway stations citywide, including 103rd Street, 110th Street, 116th Street, 125th Street, and 231st Street on the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line, would receive renovations. As part of the project, fare control areas would be redesigned, flooring, and electrical and communication systems would be upgraded, and new lighting, public address systems and stairways would be installed. In addition, since 110th Street, 116th Street, and 125th Street had landmark status, historical elements would be replaced or restored. At the ends of the station platforms at 103rd Street, 110th Street, and 116th Street, a small section of station wall, which would look identical to the existing station walls, would be added to provide space for scrubber rooms. Work on the ten citywide renovation projects was estimated to cost almost $146 million, and was scheduled to start later that year, and be completed in April 2004, in time for the 100th anniversary of the station's opening, and the 250th anniversary of Columbia University.
In September 2002, Columbia University was in negotiations to provide funding for the renovation of the 110th Street station, following a similar agreement to cover a portion of the cost to renovate the 103rd Street station. As a condition of the funding allocation, the university wanted work on the project to be expedited. Residents of Morningside Heights approved of the renovation plans, but were concerned that the expedited repairs would come at the cost of damaging the stations' historic elements. A plan to renovate the station quickly while maintaining its historic elements was already completed for the 110th Street station. The MTA was expected to decide whether preservation or speed would be prioritized in the station renovation projects by the end of the year.
At the 110th Street and 116th Street stations, local community activists opposed artwork that was planned to be commissioned through the MTA's Arts for Transit program. Though the proposed artwork was intended as a homage to the stations' history, the activists believed the art would damage the decorative tiling that dated from the stations' opening, and that the artwork would damage the landmark interiors of the stations. The MTA had planned to install a small bronze subway track and train to be inlaid within the station walls surrounded by sepia-toned photographs of the neighborhood at 110th Street. In December 2002, Manhattan Community Board 7 voted in favor of the plan to include artwork from the MTA's Arts for Transit program at the 103rd Street station, which was not landmarked. Community Board 7 voted against the plan to include new artwork at the landmarked 110th Street and 116th Street stations, and the MTA dropped plans for the artwork at these stations. On February 4, 2003, Community Board 7 voted in favor of renovating the 103rd Street and 110th Street stations, but against the inclusion of any new artwork in the stations, going against the board's initial vote to support the installation of artwork at 103rd Street.
Due to concerns expressed by community groups, the addition of art to this station and the 116th Street station was dropped. Between October 5 and November 17, 2003, the downtown platforms at 110th Street and 125th Street were closed to expedite work on their renovations. The original interiors were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. Skip-stop service ended on May 27, 2005, as a result of a decrease in the number of riders who benefited.
Station layout
This station has two side platforms and three tracks, the center one being an unused express track. The station is served by the 1 at all times and is between 116th Street to the north and 103rd Street to the south.
The platforms were originally long, like at other stations north of 96th Street, but as a result of the 1948 platform extension, became long. The platform extensions are at the southern ends of the original platforms.
The southbound local track is technically known as BB1 and the northbound one is BB4; the BB designation is used for chaining purposes along the Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line from 96th Street to 242nd Street. Although it cannot be accessed at Cathedral Parkway–110th Street, the center track is designated as M. These designations are rarely, if ever, used in ordinary conversation.
Design
As with other stations built as part of the original IRT, the station was constructed using a cut-and-cover method. The tunnel is covered by a "U"-shaped trough that contains utility pipes and wires. The bottom of this trough contains a foundation of concrete no less than thick. Each platform consists of concrete slabs, beneath which are drainage basins. The original platforms contain circular, cast-iron Doric-style columns spaced every , while the platform extensions contain I-beam columns. Additional columns between the tracks, spaced every , support the jack-arched concrete station roofs. There is a gap between the trough wall and the platform walls, which are made of -thick brick covered over by a tiled finish.
The fare control is at platform level, and there is no crossover or crossunder between the platforms. The walls along the platforms consist of a Roman brick wainscoting on the lowest part of the wall, and buff-colored mosaic tiles above. The platform walls are divided at intervals by salmon tile pilasters, or vertical bands. The pilasters are topped by blue faience plaques with the number "110", surrounded by motifs of wreaths. Green-and-white mosaic wall tablets with the name "Cathedral Parkway" are installed along the platform walls, accented by buff, pink, and red motifs. The design of the station, which was completed by Heins and LaFarge, were inspired by work they were doing simultaneously at other projects in Morningside Heights, including work on the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. The dark Victorian colors used in the station were taken from Charles McKim's design of Columbia University's Low Library rotunda. The mosaic tiles at all original IRT stations were manufactured by the American Encaustic Tile Company, which subcontracted the installations at each station. The decorative work was performed by tile contractor John H. Parry and faience contractor Grueby Faience Company.
The downtown platform has two doors leading to telephone and electrical distribution rooms at its southern end, and a paneled metal door on the northern end. The uptown platform has closets in the fare control area, which were formerly men's and women's restrooms.
Entrances and exits
The only entrance to the southbound platform is at the northwest corner of 110th Street and Broadway. There are entrances to the northbound platform from both the north-eastern and south-eastern corners of 110th Street and Broadway. The street staircases contain relatively simple, modern steel railings like those seen at most New York City Subway stations. The Cathedral of St. John the Divine is one block east of the exits.
References
External links
Station Reporter – 1 Train
Forgotten NY – Original 28 - NYC's First 28 Subway Stations
110th Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
Platforms from Google Maps Street View
IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line stations
Broadway (Manhattan)
Railway and subway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan
Cathedral Parkway-110th Street station
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1904
Morningside Heights, Manhattan
1904 establishments in New York City
New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan
New York City interior landmarks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral%20Parkway%E2%80%93110th%20Street%20station%20%28IRT%20Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh%20Avenue%20Line%29 |
The Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical has been given since 1960. Before 1960 there was only one award for both play direction and musical direction, then in 1960 the award was split into two categories: Dramatic and Musical.
Winners and nominees
† indicates the winner for the annual Tony Award for Best Musical
* indicates the winner for the annual Tony Award for Best Revival of a Musical
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Multiple wins
8 Wins
Harold Prince
3 Wins
Gower Champion
Tommy Tune
2 Wins
George Abbott
Michael Bennett
Wilford Leach
Des McAnuff
Trevor Nunn
Jerome Robbins
Multiple nominations
16 Nominations
Harold Prince
8 Nominations
Gower Champion
7 Nominations
Scott Ellis
6 Nominations
Bob Fosse
James Lapine
Casey Nicholaw
Trevor Nunn
Tommy Tune
5 Nominations
Michael Bennett
Des McAnuff
Jack O'Brien
Jerry Zaks
4 Nominations
Michael Greif
Richard Maltby Jr.
Kathleen Marshall
Michael Mayer
Diane Paulus
Bartlett Sher
Susan Stroman
George C. Wolfe
3 Nominations
George Abbott
Michael Arden
Christopher Ashley
Michael Blakemore
John Doyle
Michael Kidd
Arthur Laurents
Robert Moore
Jerome Robbins
Gene Saks
Burt Shevelove
2 Nominations
Vinnette Carroll
Martin Charnin
Rachel Chavkin
Cy Feuer
Nicholas Hytner
Thomas Kail
Joe Layton
Wilford Leach
Joshua Logan
Mike Nichols
Mike Ockrent
Hector Orezzoli
John Rando
Claudio Segovia
Julie Taymor
Matthew Warchus
Christopher Wheeldon
Female winners and nominees
Out of 22 women nominated for 34 musicals, only 5 women have won this award for 5 musicals:
Bold represents winner
See also
Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Director of a Musical
Laurence Olivier Award for Best Director
List of Tony Award-nominated productions
References
External links
Tony Awards Official site
Tony Award for Direction of a Musical, Internet Broadway Database
Tony Awards at broadwayworld.com
Tony Awards
Awards established in 1950
1950 establishments in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Award%20for%20Best%20Direction%20of%20a%20Musical |
The Indian city of Bengaluru has four taluks in Bangalore Urban district in Karnataka:
Hebbala(Bengaluru North)
Yelahanka
Kengeri(Bengaluru South)
Krishnarajapura(Bengaluru East)
Anekal
References
Geography of Bangalore
Taluks of Karnataka | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taluks%20of%20Bangalore%20Urban%20district |
In geometry, the great dodecicosidodecahedron (or great dodekicosidodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U61. It has 44 faces (20 triangles, 12 pentagrams and 12 decagrams), 120 edges and 60 vertices.
Related polyhedra
It shares its vertex arrangement with the truncated great dodecahedron and the uniform compounds of 6 or 12 pentagonal prisms. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the nonconvex great rhombicosidodecahedron (having the triangular and pentagrammic faces in common), and with the great rhombidodecahedron (having the decagrammic faces in common).
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20dodecicosidodecahedron |
In geometry, the small icosicosidodecahedron (or small icosified icosidodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U31. It has 52 faces (20 triangles, 12 pentagrams, and 20 hexagons), 120 edges, and 60 vertices.
Related polyhedra
It shares its vertex arrangement with the great stellated truncated dodecahedron. It additionally shares its edges with the small ditrigonal dodecicosidodecahedron (having the triangular and pentagrammic faces in common) and the small dodecicosahedron (having the hexagonal faces in common).
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20icosicosidodecahedron |
In geometry, the rhombidodecadodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U38. It has 54 faces (30 squares, 12 pentagons and 12 pentagrams), 120 edges and 60 vertices. It is given a Schläfli symbol t0,2, and by the Wythoff construction this polyhedron can also be named a cantellated great dodecahedron.
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a uniform great rhombicosidodecahedron are all the even permutations of
(±1/τ2, 0, ±τ2)
(±1, ±1, ±)
(±2, ±1/τ, ±τ)
where τ = (1+)/2 is the golden ratio (sometimes written φ).
Related polyhedra
It shares its vertex arrangement with the uniform compounds of 10 or 20 triangular prisms. It additionally shares its edges with the icosidodecadodecahedron (having the pentagonal and pentagrammic faces in common) and the rhombicosahedron (having the square faces in common).
Medial deltoidal hexecontahedron
The medial deltoidal hexecontahedron (or midly lanceal ditriacontahedron) is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the rhombidodecadodecahedron. It has 60 intersecting quadrilateral faces.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhombidodecadodecahedron |
Doddabettahalli is a village located in the Bangalore North Taluk, Karnataka, India. It is the highest natural point in Bangalore. The gentle slopes and valleys on either side of this ridge hold better prospects of ground water utilization. The low-lying areas are marked by a series of tanks varying in size from a small pond to those of considerable extent, but all very shallow.
See also
Bangalore Urban District
Districts of Karnataka
References
Villages in Bangalore Rural district
External links
https://bengaluruurban.nic.in/en/ | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doddabettahalli |
In geometry, the icositruncated dodecadodecahedron or icosidodecatruncated icosidodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U45.
Convex hull
Its convex hull is a nonuniform truncated icosidodecahedron.
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of an icositruncated dodecadodecahedron are all the even permutations of
(±(2−1/τ), ±1, ±(2+τ))
(±1, ±1/τ2, ±(3τ−1))
(±2, ±2/τ, ±2τ)
(±3, ±1/τ2, ±τ2)
(±τ2, ±1, ±(3τ−2))
where τ = (1+)/2 is the golden ratio (sometimes written φ).
Related polyhedra
Tridyakis icosahedron
The tridyakis icosahedron is the dual polyhedron of the icositruncated dodecadodecahedron. It has 44 vertices, 180 edges, and 120 scalene triangular faces.
See also
Catalan solid Duals to convex uniform polyhedra
Uniform polyhedra
List of uniform polyhedra
References
Photo on page 96, Dorman Luke construction and stellation pattern on page 97.
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icositruncated%20dodecadodecahedron |
Victor Dalby Lord is a fictional character and patriarch of the Lord family from the American soap opera One Life to Live.
An original protagonist on the series, Victor is introduced in the first episode as the preeminent mass media magnate of fictional Philadelphia Main Line suburb Llanview, Pennsylvania. Victor was originally and most notably played by actor Ernest Graves. Graves debuted July 15, 1968, and played the role until he left the series and last appeared in March 1974.
Series creator Agnes Nixon and executive producer Doris Quinlan subsequently recast Victor to Shepperd Strudwick, who first appeared in December 1974 and played the role until the character's initial onscreen death in June 1976.
Character background
Conception
Series creator and then-scriptwriter Agnes Nixon originally created the character of Victor Lord based on her father, Harry Eckhardt. She crafted the role in an attempt to understand the reserved, domineering Eckhardt patriarch, an entrepreneur who financially thrived during the Great Depression manufacturing funeral garments.
Casting and development
Ernest Graves played the role from show's first episode in 1968 through March 1974. Shepperd Strudwick took over the role in December 1974, playing Victor continually through the character's onscreen death June 16, 1976. Tom O'Rourke briefly stepped into the role as a mirage in 1985, and Les Tremayne played the role of Victor in Heaven in 1987. Bill Moor and Terry Caza both appeared in the role in flashbacks from 1994 to 1995. The character was briefly brought back to life 26 years after his original death in January 2003, portrayed by William Stone Mahoney; the resurrection set the soap opera record for the longest span between a character's onscreen death and resurrection. Mahoney went on to play resurrected Victor through his second onscreen death in March 2003, reappearing as a vision for an episode in 2004.
Storylines
1968–76
In the summer of 1968, Victor Lord (Graves) is introduced as the owner of Lord Enterprises founder and publisher of the Philadelphia Main Line newspaper, The Banner, serving the fictional town of Llanview, Pennsylvania. A widower, he is the domineering single father of daughters Victoria or "Viki" (originally Gillian Spencer) and Meredith or "Merrie" (originally Trish Van Devere). The family inhabits Victor's inherited family estate, Llanfair. His wife, Eugenia Randolph Lord, died while giving birth to Meredith and was, ultimately, unable to produce his desired male heir to his estate (a painting of her hangs above the mantle of the Lord library in early episodes). Victor thereby goes about grooming his eldest child, Viki, to assume the role of running the estate by hiring her as an editor for his newspaper.
Victoria desperately seeks her father's approval and gleefully assumes the role of heiress to the family fortune. Victor eventually grows weary of Victoria's admiration for one of his star reporters, working class executive editor Joe Riley (Lee Patterson). In the early years, Victor is also unhappy at the growing relationship of his younger daughter, Meredith, with upwardly-mobile doctor Larry Wolek (Paul Tulley, Jim Storm). He meddles in the personal relationships of his daughters, causing a rift between him and Victoria. In November 1968, unable to reconcile her feelings for Joe and for her father, Victoria develops multiple-personality disorder, manifesting in an alter-ego, "Niki Smith," and begins dating Vinny Wolek (Antony Ponzini).
As Victoria recovers from her first bout with multiple personalities, Victor concedes to the relationships of his white collar daughters to working class gentlemen when he uncovers that he had a long-lost son. Victor embarks on a search for the son he had long yearned for. Viki and Joe first marry in December 1969, and Merrie (Lynn Benesch onward) and Larry (Michael Storm onward) in June 1970. A short time later, Joe apparently dies in a car crash while reporting in California, giving Victor the opportunity to set his widowed daughter up with a suitor more to his liking. With a vacant editor-in-chief position available, Victor replaces Joe with promoted upper-crust writer Steve Burke (Bernie Grant).
In 1971, Victoria (Erika Slezak onward) announces her engagement to Steve, which her father approves of; Victor is, however, unhappy when he discovers his continually frail daughter Meredith is seeking to conceive a child with Larry. Merrie is prescribed bedrest and later gives birth to Victor's first onscreen grandchildren, twins (one which dies a childbirth and the other, a grandson named Daniel). In the summer of 1973, in the midst of Victor's search for his son, Meredith is held hostage in the Llanfair carriage house with brother-in-law Vinny when burglars try to steal Victor's prized art collection. A distressed Victor pleads with the robbers to release Meredith during hostage negotiations with Llanview Police Department Lt. Ed Hall (Al Freeman, Jr.). Meredith is viciously assaulted by the thieves, who are killed by the police, and later dies at Llanview Hospital. Victor is devastated by her death, and he (Graves) leaves Llanview in 1974 in search for his heir-presumptive son.
The hostage crisis of Meredith and Vinny in 1973 saw the introduction of newly minted Dr. Dorian Cramer (originally, Nancy Pinkerton), who Viki dislikes at first sight. Dorian, at first, dates Llanview Hospital co-worker Dr. Mark Toland (Tom Lee Jones), and in the midst of the romance on-the-job in summer 1974. Dorian is suspected of medical malpractice, and all of the hospital board of directors (except for Viki) vote to fire her. Dorian assumes that Viki's was the deciding vote to fire her and vows revenge. When Victor (Strudwick) reappears in December 1974 and suffers a heart attack, and an unemployed Dorian decides to use him to get even with the Lord family.
Dorian becomes Victor's personal physician in 1975, and the two quickly elope in May. Soon afterward, Tony Harris (George Reinholt) arrives in Llanview, and Dorian quickly realizes he is Victor's long-sought son. Tony quickly becomes friends with Victor, and when Tony uncovers a diary from Viki and Meredith's mother, Eugenia, and realizing Victor to be his estranged father, to the chagrin of a greedy Dorian. Dorian connives and succeeds in creating a rift between Victor and his new son. When Tony and Victor learn of Dorian's scheme, Tony first confronts Dorian, who denies having done anything wrong. On April 30, 1976, when Victor begins questioning Dorian, the ensuing argument leads Victor to have a debilitating stroke which leaves him unable to speak or dictate alterations to his will. Determined to keep her Victor from speaking to anyone, Dorian brings him home and succeeds from keeping everyone away from him. Soon, Victor suffers a second stroke which sends him back to the hospital. Despite his attempts to speak to Viki, Victor apparently dies on June 16, 1976, and Dorian inherits half of his wealth.
Postmortem
In 1985, Viki commences celebrations of the 50th anniversary of her father's newspaper. During preparations for the celebration, Viki's goddaughter, Tina (Andrea Evans), happens upon a hidden door in the Llanfair library, leading to a secret room. While in the room, Tina stumbles upon a letter written by Victor addressed to Viki, telling of his affair and brief marriage with Viki's former college friend Irene Manning Clayton and the siring of his daughter Tina. When Tina divulges the revelations, Viki reverts to alter-ego "Niki Smith" and Tina, for the following year, embarks on a mission to gain what she believes to be rightfully hers as a member of the Lord family. Recovered, Viki later uncovers in 1988 that she had a daughter, Megan Gordon (Jessica Tuck), while under the hypnosis insisted upon by Victor and delivered by her longtime friend and brother-in-law, Larry. Megan dies of lupus in 1992.
Viki engages in an extramarital affair in 1993 with writer Sloan Carpenter (Roy Thinnes), who authors Victor's biography, "Lord of The Banner". While penning the book, Dorian (now, Robin Strasser onward) nervously plots to prevent its publication as Sloan's papers allude to Dorian's complicity in Victor's death, a tale which became a Llanview urban legend in the years following Victor's apparent death. Intrigued by Dorian's intense interest in the book, Viki implores the Llanview Police Department to investigate the circumstances of Victor's death. They comply, leading to the arrest (and conviction, after trial) of Dorian for Victor's murder. When Dorian is sentenced to death by lethal injection, con man David Vickers (Tuc Watkins) arrives in town in 1994, claiming to possess the alleged diary of Viki's late friend and Tina's mother, Irene. Later revealed to be a forgery, the diary claims dead Irene smothered Victor, exonerating Dorian at the eleventh hour. Soon afterward, an actual diary entry from Irene reveals she bore Victor another son, reformed rapist Todd Manning (Roger Howarth).
When Viki learns of the initial forgery, Viki, still loyal to her late father, vows to send Dorian back to jail for Victor's death in 1995. Dorian then divulges the source of Viki's multiple personalities—Victor had long molested his eldest daughter Victoria and her repressed memories of the molestation led to the creation of her initial alter-ego, Niki. Victoria then suffered a recurrence of her multiple personality disorder, subsequently releasing several new personalities, who accost Dorian and hold her hostage in Victor's secret room. Upon recovery, Viki comes to terms with her father's inappropriate behaviors.
Because of the pain she had to endure and dark secrets that were revealed, Viki, who had once worshiped the ground her father walked on and idealized him, now has nothing but contempt, rage, and disgust at Victor's depravity and actions.
Finally in 2003, following the arrival of Viki's long-lost daughter, Natalie (Melissa Archer), an ailing Victor (William Stone Mahoney) resurfaces. It is during this time when Mitch Laurence (Roscoe Born) marries Natalie in a plot spearheaded by Victor to kill his granddaughter and harvest her heart, as he was dying of old age and heart disease. Viki foils Victor and Mitch's plot, saving Natalie from impending death. Victor is again rushed to the hospital. Larry tells Victor's present children, Viki and Todd (Howarth), to say their final goodbyes to their dying father. Victor dies on-screen in March 2003, a month before a shocked Dorian returns to Llanview.
In 2007, during the funeral of Asa Buchanan, Dorian and Viki are trapped together in Asa's wine cellar. The two argue and Dorian tells Viki that she, not Viki, killed Victor. Viki, flabbergasted, reminds Dorian that neither she nor Dorian had killed Victor because he had returned from the dead a few years before. Dorian then plants a seed of doubt in Viki's mind, responding "if that really was him." During the episode first aired on November 26, 2008, Viki visits her father's grave, and the date of death shown is "June 16, 1976", the date of the episode in which Victor originally died. It was never mentioned onscreen whether or not the Victor who appeared in 2003 was an imposter, and the 2003 storyline is not mentioned again in the series, leading to speculation that it was simply retconned out of continuity.
In 2011, it was revealed by a back-from-the dead Irene that the man known as Todd (Trevor St. John) since May 2003 was in fact his twin, Victor Lord, Jr. (St. John), and the real Todd Manning (Howarth) had been held hostage by her since his disappearance in March 2003. Victor, Jr. is later seemingly killed on the episode that first aired August 31, 2011. On the original finale January 13, 2012, however, Victor, Jr. is revealed to be alive and being held captive by Allison Perkins (Barbara Garrick).
A seed of doubt
During an interview with TV Guide Canada in February 2009, "Dorian Lord" actress Robin Strasser, offered a belated explanation for the recent reversal about Victor's murderer:
The notion that Dorian is Victor's true murderer is bolstered in the August 16, 2011 episode of One Life to Live. When David Vickers Buchanan mentions that the (albeit forged) entry from Irene Manning's diary cleared Dorian of a murder she did not commit, Dorian comments to herself, "... or so Viki chooses to believe."
Reception
From the outset, the original portrayal of Victor Lord by actor Ernest Graves was received as ruthless and overbearing, playing a role introduced as the powerful center of the fictional town of Llanview, and of the lives of his daughters Victoria and Meredith. For his portrayal of a dying Victor, actor Shepperd Strudwick earned a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 1976.
Leading series actress and onscreen daughter Erika Slezak reflected on Victor's transformation at the 25th anniversary of OLTL in 1993 recalling, "Once, Victor Lord was a paragon of virtue, then producer Paul Rauch said, 'let's turn him into a dirty old man who sleeps with young women and keeps pornography in the basement.'"
References
Notes
External links
Victor Lord, Sr. profile – SoapCentral.com
Victor Dalby Lord, Sr. profile – The Llanview Labyrinth
One Life to Live characters
Television characters introduced in 1968
Fictional reporters
Fictional characters from Pennsylvania
Fictional newspaper publishers (people)
Fictional pedophiles
Male characters in television
Male villains
Fictional business executives
Fictional characters incorrectly presumed dead | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20Lord |
In geometry, the truncated dodecadodecahedron (or stellatruncated dodecadodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U59. It is given a Schläfli symbol t0,1,2{,5}. It has 54 faces (30 squares, 12 decagons, and 12 decagrams), 180 edges, and 120 vertices. The central region of the polyhedron is connected to the exterior via 20 small triangular holes.
The name truncated dodecadodecahedron is somewhat misleading: truncation of the dodecadodecahedron would produce rectangular faces rather than squares, and the pentagram faces of the dodecadodecahedron would turn into truncated pentagrams rather than decagrams. However, it is the quasitruncation of the dodecadodecahedron, as defined by . For this reason, it is also known as the quasitruncated dodecadodecahedron. Coxeter et al. credit its discovery to a paper published in 1881 by Austrian mathematician Johann Pitsch.
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a truncated dodecadodecahedron are all the triples of numbers obtained by circular shifts and sign changes from the following points (where is the golden ratio):
Each of these five points has eight possible sign patterns and three possible circular shifts, giving a total of 120 different points.
As a Cayley graph
The truncated dodecadodecahedron forms a Cayley graph for the symmetric group on five elements, as generated by two group members: one that swaps the first two elements of a five-tuple, and one that performs a circular shift operation on the last four elements. That is, the 120 vertices of the polyhedron may be placed in one-to-one correspondence with the 5! permutations on five elements, in such a way that the three neighbors of each vertex are the three permutations formed from it by swapping the first two elements or circularly shifting (in either direction) the last four elements.
Related polyhedra
Medial disdyakis triacontahedron
The medial disdyakis triacontahedron is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the uniform truncated dodecadodecahedron.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truncated%20dodecadodecahedron |
In geometry, the great truncated icosidodecahedron (or great quasitruncated icosidodecahedron or stellatruncated icosidodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U68. It has 62 faces (30 squares, 20 hexagons, and 12 decagrams), 180 edges, and 120 vertices. It is given a Schläfli symbol t0,1,2, and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram, .
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a great truncated icosidodecahedron centered at the origin are all the even permutations of
(±τ, ±τ, ±(3−1/τ)),
(±2τ, ±1/τ, ±τ−3),
(±τ, ±1/τ2, ±(1+3/τ)),
(±, ±2, ±/τ) and
(±1/τ, ±3, ±2/τ),
where τ = (1+)/2 is the golden ratio.
Related polyhedra
Great disdyakis triacontahedron
The great disdyakis triacontahedron (or trisdyakis icosahedron) is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the great truncated icosidodecahedron. Its faces are triangles.
Proportions
The triangles have one angle of , one of and one of . The dihedral angle equals . Part of each triangle lies within the solid, hence is invisible in solid models.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
p. 96
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20truncated%20icosidodecahedron |
Asclettin Drengot (also Ascletin or Asclettino) was the son of Asclettin, count of Acerenza, brother of Rainulf Drengot, whom he succeeded in the county of Aversa in 1045. He was duly elected by the Norman nobles of Aversa and invested with the countship by his suzerain, Guaimar IV of Salerno.
Asclettin did not immediately come into possession of the duchy of Gaeta, which Ranulf had ruled as a vassal of Guaimar. Instead, the Gaetans chose Atenulf, Count of Aquino, as duke. Guaimar attacked and defeated him on behalf of Asclettin, but in return for his assistance against Pandulf the Wolf, then assaulting Monte Cassino, he freed him and confirmed in Gaeta.
Asclettin only ruled a few months before dying prematurely. He was succeeded by his cousin Rainulf Trincanocte. His younger brother Richard later succeeded to Aversa and brought the family the principality of Capua as well.
|-
1045 deaths
Italo-Normans
Norman warriors
Counts of Aversa
Dukes of Gaeta
Year of birth unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asclettin%2C%20Count%20of%20Aversa |
In geometry, the great snub icosidodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U57. It has 92 faces (80 triangles and 12 pentagrams), 150 edges, and 60 vertices. It can be represented by a Schläfli symbol sr{,3}, and Coxeter-Dynkin diagram .
This polyhedron is the snub member of a family that includes the great icosahedron, the great stellated dodecahedron and the great icosidodecahedron.
In the book Polyhedron Models by Magnus Wenninger, the polyhedron is misnamed great inverted snub icosidodecahedron, and vice versa.
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a great snub icosidodecahedron are all the even permutations of
(±2α, ±2, ±2β),
(±(α−βτ−1/τ), ±(α/τ+β−τ), ±(−ατ−β/τ−1)),
(±(ατ−β/τ+1), ±(−α−βτ+1/τ), ±(−α/τ+β+τ)),
(±(ατ−β/τ−1), ±(α+βτ+1/τ), ±(−α/τ+β−τ)) and
(±(α−βτ+1/τ), ±(−α/τ−β−τ), ±(−ατ−β/τ+1)),
with an even number of plus signs, where
α = ξ−1/ξ
and
β = −ξ/τ+1/τ2−1/(ξτ),
where τ = (1+)/2 is the golden mean and
ξ is the negative real root of ξ3−2ξ=−1/τ, or approximately −1.5488772.
Taking the odd permutations of the above coordinates with an odd number of plus signs gives another form, the enantiomorph of the other one.
The circumradius for unit edge length is
where is the second largest real root of the polynomial .
The four positive real roots of the sextic in
are, in order, the circumradii of the great retrosnub icosidodecahedron (U74), great snub icosidodecahedron (U57), great inverted snub icosidodecahedron (U69) and snub dodecahedron (U29).
Related polyhedra
Great pentagonal hexecontahedron
The great pentagonal hexecontahedron (or great petaloid ditriacontahedron) is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron and dual to the uniform great snub icosidodecahedron. It has 60 intersecting irregular pentagonal faces, 120 edges, and 92 vertices.
Proportions
Denote the golden ratio by . Let be the negative zero of the polynomial . Then each pentagonal face has four equal angles of and one angle of . Each face has three long and two short edges. The ratio between the lengths of the long and the short edges is given by
.
The dihedral angle equals . Part of each face lies inside the solid, hence is invisible in solid models. The other two zeroes of the polynomial play a similar role in the description of the great inverted pentagonal hexecontahedron and the great pentagrammic hexecontahedron.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
Great inverted snub icosidodecahedron
Great retrosnub icosidodecahedron
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20snub%20icosidodecahedron |
WIVT (channel 34) is a television station in Binghamton, New York, United States, affiliated with ABC. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside low-power, Class A NBC affiliate WBGH-CD (channel 20). Both stations share studios on Ingraham Hill Road in the town of Binghamton, where WIVT's transmitter is also located.
History
Alfred E. Anscombe, former General Manager of WKBW-AM-TV in Buffalo, secured a construction permit for Binghamton's third television station on April 25, 1961. He named it WBJA-TV after his wife Beth J. Anscombe. Initially, the station was allocated to UHF analog channel 56. However, five years earlier, two competing ABC affiliates in Northeastern Pennsylvania (WILK-TV channel 34 in Wilkes-Barre and WARM-TV channel 16 in Scranton) merged to form WNEP-TV, retaining WILK's license but using WARM's old UHF channel 16.
Seeing a chance to use more signal at less cost, Anscombe sought and won a new construction permit for analog channel 34. The new station signed on November 24, 1962 from studios at its transmitter site on Ingraham Hill south of Binghamton; it was the third station to sign on in the Binghamton area, after WBNG and WICZ-TV. It has always been an ABC affiliate. The Northeastern Pennsylvania-area station now known as WOLF-TV signed on in 1985 on analog channel 38; it would eventually move to channel 56 thirteen years later.
Anscombe planned for WBJA to be the first station in a seven-station group; however, only one other station, WEPA-TV in Erie, Pennsylvania (now defunct; its channel 66 allocation was later used by WFXP), was started before the two stations were acquired by Gerald Arthur, Oliver Lazare, and Jules Hessen, a group who also owned WEEE in Rensselaer, in 1966. Pinnacle Communications bought WBJA in 1978 and changed the call letters to WMGC-TV on October 19, reflecting its new "Magic 34" branding. It dropped the branding by the mid to late-1980s, but retained the call letters.
Pinnacle sold WMGC to Citadel Communications in 1986; in 1995, Citadel sold the station, along with WVNY in Burlington, Vermont, to USA Broadcast Group, which was soon renamed U.S. Broadcast Group after a complaint from USA Network. U.S. Broadcast Group put its stations up for sale in early 1997; WSKG-TV contemplated acquiring WMGC and operating it as an NBC affiliate to raise money for its public broadcasting operations; during this time, a cable-only version of WETM (which would be replaced by WBGH-CD later that fall) served as the network's affiliate for the Binghamton market following WICZ's affiliation with Fox in April 1996. The station would be purchased by the Ackerley Group, which changed the call letters to WIVT on February 26, 1998. The call letters were derived from Ackerley's station in Syracuse, WIXT (now WSYR-TV).
A few months later, Ackerley nearly lost its investment. On May 31, 1998, a tornado ripped through WIVT's Ingraham Hill studios and destroyed its tower; radio stations WSKG, WSQX and WAAL also had their towers destroyed in that storm. WBNG had live reports that night literally from the WIVT facilities. The station had a feed restored to Time Warner Cable for customers in the immediate Binghamton area, but was off-the-air for several months. WIVT became a sister station to WBGH when that station was sold by Smith Television to Ackerley in 2000. Ackerley merged with Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia) on June 14, 2002. On April 20, 2007, the company entered into an agreement to sell its entire television stations group to Newport Television, a broadcasting group established by Providence Equity Partners; the deal was completed on March 14, 2008.
Newport announced on July 19, 2012, that it would sell 12 of its stations, including WIVT and WBGH, to Nexstar. The sale was completed on December 3. On September 16, 2013, it was announced that Mission Broadcasting would acquire WICZ and low-powered MyNetworkTV affiliate WBPN-LP from the Stainless Broadcasting Company subsidiary of Northwest Broadcasting. Upon the deal's completion, the stations' operations would have been taken over by Nexstar making them sisters to WIVT and WBGH. In March 2015, Mission's purchase of WICZ and WBPN was canceled; as a result, Stainless withdrew the license assignment applications on March 18.
News operation
For the most part, WIVT has been a non-factor in the local newscast race in Binghamton. It has spent most of its history as the third station in what was at one point essentially a two-station market (since it did not sign-on until November 1962). The outlet reaped virtually no benefit when the area's long-time NBC affiliate WICZ switched to Fox in 1996. Immediately after taking control, the Ackerley Group significantly upgraded WIVT's news department with the ability to share resources with WIXT's well-respected news department in Syracuse as well as the company's other television properties in Upstate New York.
WIVT's evening newscasts began to be simulcast on WBGH in 2000 after that station's acquisition by Ackerley. After the aforementioned tornado caused severe damage to its newly renovated studios, the station temporarily relocated to the facilities of WSKG-TV in Vestal while rebuilding on Ingraham Hill. However, the upgrades proved unsustainable and cuts began to be made as a result. Shortly before Clear Channel took over in June 2002, WIVT eliminated its weekday morning and midday newscasts.
On July 8, WIXT in Syracuse began producing a two-hour weekday morning show known as Daybreak. Airing from 5 until 7, the regional newscast (separate from WIXT and originating from a secondary set at its East Syracuse studios) was simulcasted on sister stations WWTI in Watertown and WUTR in Utica. The show included brief localized updates (focusing on Binghamton) twice an hour although most coverage was regional in nature with area-wide weather forecasts.
In 2003, WIVT dropped its weekend newscasts due to a loss of viewership. The station eventually closed down its local sports department in 2006 and at the same time reduced its 11 p.m. newscast to a short five-minute update. WIVT also began originating its early weeknight shows, featuring unique segments including exclusive musical performances, from secondary studios in the Oakdale Mall in Johnson City. Due to a lack of meteorologists (except for a lone weather anchor) based at WWTI, WIVT's forecasting personnel also produced most weather segments that were taped in advance for that station.
On June 5, 2009, WIVT and WBGH announced there would be a consolidation of news operations with sister station WETM-TV in Elmira after Newport Television made across the board cuts. WBNG reported all but two people from the news staff and all production personnel for the news department would be terminated. The Press & Sun-Bulletin later identified the two personnel remaining as News Director Jim Ehmke and news anchor Peter Quinn but also said fifteen other members of the original 28 person staff, including non-news personnel, would remain based in Binghamton. The two stations would continue to be locally operated and maintain engineer staff at the studios on Ingraham Hill Road. WIVT and WBGH then began simulcasting WETM's newscasts with only regional weather coverage of the Eastern Twin Tiers.
A separate newscast specifically focusing on the Binghamton area was brought back to WIVT and WBGH on June 28, 2009, through a simulcast on both stations. This effort originally consisted of a 6 p.m. weeknight newscast entirely produced from WETM's studios in Elmira. Eventually, production of the news and sports portions of the broadcast shifted back to the WIVT and WBGH facility. These segments are recorded earlier in the day (usually by 5 o'clock) and feature locally based photojournalists in Binghamton. A repeat of the 6 o'clock newscast at 11 was subsequently added to the schedules of WIVT and WBGH. During the broadcast, WSYR in Syracuse provides a local weather forecast (featuring rotating meteorologists) that is also recorded in advance. Soon after adding the hyper-local Binghamton news, WIVT ceased simulcasting WETM's newscasts making the taped weeknight newscast the only local news shown on the station. However, WBGH continued to air WETM's weekend 11 p.m. newscast until some point in late 2013.
Notable alumni
Greg Kelly (now at Newsmax TV)
Jillian Mele (now at WPVI-TV)
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Since WBGH operates as part of the WIVT twinstick, its second digital subchannel now carries WBGH in 720p high definition as of February 9, 2010. The official plan was to broadcast WBGH-CD in high definition in the future with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) roll-out plan for low-power digital stations. The plan took effect when WBGH-CD flash cut to digital in August 2015.
Analog-to-digital conversion
WIVT shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 34, after midnight on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition VHF channel 4 to UHF channel 34 for post-transition operations.
References
External links
IVT
ABC network affiliates
Laff (TV network) affiliates
Ion Mystery affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1962
1962 establishments in New York (state)
Nexstar Media Group | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIVT |
Karavas (; is a town in the north of the Cyprus island. It is under the de facto control of Northern Cyprus. , the town has a population of 6,597.
Etymology
The name Karavas comes from the Greek karávi (), meaning "ship".
The name Alsancak comes from the two turkish words Al, meaning "Red" and 'Sancak meaning "flag".
History
Prior to the Turkish invasion in 1974, Karavas had a Greek population of approximately 2200. Karavas was captured by the Turkish Army before the second Turkish invasion of Cyprus after July 20, 1974. The city was attacked on August 6, during the so-called armistice. All Greek Cypriot inhabitants were forced out of Karavas by Turkish military forces and have become refugees, living in Cyprus and abroad. Following the population exchange assisted by the United Nations where the Turkish Cypriots forced from their villages in the South were transported to the safety of the North, today the village is home mostly to those Turkish Cypriots displaced from their original village Mandria in the Paphos region left in the south of the island.
The Turkish Cypriot municipality Alsancak was founded in 1974.
"Pente Mili" is one of the most beautiful beaches in Karavas.
The Cyprus Treasure, an impressive collection of silver vessels, dishes, spoons and jewelry, was found here in 1902 and 1917. It can be found in the British Museum in London, Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City and the Cyprus Museum in Nicosia.
Notable people
Karavas is the birthplace of the Cypriot-American organic chemist K. C. Nicolaou.
International relations
Twin towns – sister cities
Karavas is twinned with:
Bornova, İzmir, Turkey (since 2011)
Gazipaşa, Antalya, Turkey (since 2015)
References
Municipalities in Kyrenia District
Populated places in Girne District
Municipalities of Northern Cyprus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karavas |
In geometry, the small snub icosicosidodecahedron or snub disicosidodecahedron is a uniform star polyhedron, indexed as U32. It has 112 faces (100 triangles and 12 pentagrams), 180 edges, and 60 vertices. Its stellation core is a truncated pentakis dodecahedron. It also called a holosnub icosahedron, ß{3,5}.
The 40 non-snub triangular faces form 20 coplanar pairs, forming star hexagons that are not quite regular. Unlike most snub polyhedra, it has reflection symmetries.
Convex hull
Its convex hull is a nonuniform truncated icosahedron.
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a small snub icosicosidodecahedron are all the even permutations of
(±(1-ϕ+α), 0, ±(3+ϕα))
(±(ϕ-1+α), ±2, ±(2ϕ-1+ϕα))
(±(ϕ+1+α), ±2(ϕ-1), ±(1+ϕα))
where ϕ = (1+)/2 is the golden ratio and α = .
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
Small retrosnub icosicosidodecahedron
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20snub%20icosicosidodecahedron |
Morven, known officially as Morven Museum & Garden, is a historic 18th-century house at 55 Stockton Street in Princeton, New Jersey. It served as the governor's mansion for nearly four decades in the 20th century, and has been designated a National Historic Landmark for its association with Richard Stockton (1730-1781), a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence.
History
In 1701, Richard Stockton was granted by William Penn which included the land where Morven now stands. In the 1750s, his grandson, also named Richard Stockton, had on which he built the house that his wife Annis Boudinot Stockton named "Morven", after a mythical Gaelic kingdom in Ireland.
Commodore Robert Stockton (1795–1866) later lived in the house that was built on the property. Robert Wood Johnson II, chairman of the company Johnson & Johnson, leased the home after Bayard Stockton died during 1932.
The house remained in Stockton family ownership until 1944, with it was purchased by New Jersey Governor Walter E. Edge. The sale was subject to the condition that Morven would be given to the state of New Jersey within two years of Edge's death. Edge transferred ownership of Morven to the state during 1954, several years before he died.
Morven served as New Jersey's first governor's mansion from 1944 until 1981, when it was donated to the New Jersey Historical Society. In 1982, Drumthwacket was designated as New Jersey Governor's Mansion and converted to the new official residence. Morven underwent research and restoration, and was opened as a museum in 2004.
Owners
"The Builder" Richard Stockton (c.1665-1709) from 1701 to 1709
Honorable John Stockton (1701-1758) from 1709 to 1758
"The Signer" Richard Stockton (1730–1781) from 1758 to 1781
"The Duke" Richard Stockton (1764-1828) from 1781 to 1828
Commodore Robert Field Stockton (1795–1866) from 1828 to 1866
Major Samuel Witham Stockton (1834-1899)
Walter E. Edge from 1944 to 1954
Governor's Mansion from 1954 to 1981
Museum since 1982
Architecture
Morven is a 2-1/2 story brick building, with a gabled roof and end chimneys. Two-story wings extend to either side of the main block. A Greek Revival porch extends across the center three bays of the main block's five-bay facade. The interior has an atypical central hall plan. The staircase, normally in the center hall in these plans, is instead placed crosswise in a rear hall which also provides access to the wings. To the right of the central hall is the Gold Room, a parlor, while the main dining room is on the left. The left wing housed servant quarters and the kitchen, while the right wing housed the library and a family room. The interior styling is consistent with late 18th and early 19th century architectural fashions.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Mercer County, New Jersey
Westland Mansion, patterned after Morven
References
External links
Official Website
Houses completed in 1730
National Historic Landmarks in New Jersey
Historic house museums in New Jersey
Museums in Princeton, New Jersey
Biographical museums in New Jersey
Houses in Princeton, New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places in Mercer County, New Jersey
New Jersey Register of Historic Places
Historic district contributing properties in Mercer County, New Jersey
Stockton family of New Jersey
New Jersey
Governor of New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morven%20%28Princeton%2C%20New%20Jersey%29 |
King Abdullah Economic City (KAEC, ; ) is a planned city in Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia. It was announced as a megaproject in 2005 by King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz. It is located in close proximity to Thuwal, almost 100 km (62 mi) north of Jeddah.
It was one of six megaprojects that were announced in 2005 and is the only one that was launched. By 2018, The Financial Times wrote that the city had not attracted investment or become a hub for logistics and manufacturing, contrary to the grand plans behind the project. By 2018, the city had a population of 7,000.
Overview
With a total development area of 173 km² (66.8 sq mi), the city is located along the coast of the Red Sea, around 100 km north of Jeddah, the commercial hub of Saudi Arabia. The city is also approximately an hour and 20 minutes away from the city of Mecca, 3 hours from Medina by car and an hour away from all Middle Eastern capital cities by plane.
The total cost of the city is around SR 207 billion, with the project being built by Emaar Properties. A Tadawul-listed company created from Emaar Properties, a Dubai-based public joint stock company and one of the world’s largest real estate companies, and SAGIA (Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority) which is the main facilitator of the project.
The city, along with another five economic cities, is a part of an ambitious "10x10" program to place Saudi Arabia among the world's top ten competitive investment destinations by the year 2010, planned by SAGIA. The first stage of the city was completed in 2010 and the whole city was planned to be fully completed by 2020. The city aims to diversify the nation's oil-based economy by bringing direct foreign and domestic investments. The city also aspires to help create up to one million jobs. Upon completion, KAEC is intended to have a population of 2 million. By 2018, it only had a population of 7,000. The Financial Times wrote that the city served as a warning for grand megaprojects in the region, as the project fell well short of the initial grand proposals behind the project.
It is being built along with 4 other new cities in Saudi Arabia to control sprawl and congestion in existing cities.
The port of the city is part of the Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean, there to the Upper Adriatic region of Trieste with its connections to Central and Eastern Europe.
Developments
On June 12, 2008, King Abdullah visited the city and evaluated the progress. Some of the proposed projects in the city included:
Science and Research Complex
Columbia University
Thunderbird University
Environment Protection Centre
Ethraa, The Smart City
Health Care City
KAEC Media City
The Cadre Technical City
EMAL International Aluminum Smelter factory
Total Oil factory
Holiday Inn Express Hotel
Ritz-Carlton Hotel & Resort
The king also inaugurated the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST). The university is 20 km away south of the city in the village of Thuwal. It opened in September 2009.
Emaar, E.C. and SAGIA have signed several memorandums of understanding and contracts with international and local developers in many fields. These developers include:
Orange Business Services, is trusted advisor to the project and will oversee the design of the Smart City telecoms services.
Ericsson, to supply, build, integrate operate and manage multiplay end-to-end fixed broadband network.
Cisco Systems, to design infrastructure for IT networks in the city.
GEMS World Academy, to design, build, and operate the first school in the city which will be opened by September 2009.
StrateSphere Enterprises and PolymerOhio, to develop KAEC Plastics Valley.
CEMCCO, to develop infrastructure for the Industrial Zone.
DP World, to develop KAEC Sea Port to be the largest in the Red Sea and one of the top 10 largest ports in the world with a capacity to handle 20 million TEU (twenty foot equivalent container units).
Mars GCC, to establish its own manufacturing facility in the Industrial Zone.
Capri Capital Partners, to develop a mixed-use project with a total worth of $2 billion (SR 7.5 billion).
Freyssinet Saudi Arabia, to develop the Business Park at Bay La Sun Village.
Saudi Binladin Group, to construct 16 residential towers within Bay La Sun Village. The towers are scheduled for completion in September 2009.
Siemens, to undertake the electrical transmission and distribution (T&D) works for the first phase of KAEC. The work is scheduled to be completed by 2010.
Emaar, E.C has also launched two residential areas, Bay La Sun Village, and Esmeralda Suburb.
Transport
KAEC is served by the Al-Haramain High Speed line. The construction of the station has been completed by 2018. On 25 September 2018, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud inaugurated the project.
In fiction
The city is the destination of Alan Clay, the protagonist in Dave Eggers's 2012 novel A Hologram for the King.
See also
List of things named after Saudi Kings
References
External links
Alberini C. (2011), "Urbanistica e Real Estate. Il ruolo della finanza nei processi di trasformazione urbana", Milano, Franco Angeli Ed., Cap.5 - Nuove realizzazioni e fondi di investimento: KAEC new towns nel deserto fondate sul petrolio (pag. 125-132).
Economy of Saudi Arabia
Populated places in Mecca Province
Special economic zones
Planned communities in Saudi Arabia
2005 establishments in Saudi Arabia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20Abdullah%20Economic%20City |
USS Kaskaskia (AO-27) was a fleet replenishment oiler serving in the United States Navy, named for the Kaskaskia River in Illinois.
Kaskaskia was launched 29 September 1939 by the Newport News Shipbuilding & Drydock Company, Newport News, Virginia; sponsored by Mrs. Joseph P. Kennedy; acquired by the Navy from Esso Oil Company, 22 October 1940; and commissioned 29 October 1940.
Service history
Kaskaskia cleared Boston, Massachusetts on 19 November 1940 for Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, arriving 3 January 1941. She transported oil between West Coast ports and Pearl Harbor, making six cruises before 7 August, when she made an oil run to Johnston Island. The oiler returned to Mare Island 10 September for overhaul and repairs. In San Francisco when the Japanese made their surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor, Kaskaskia immediately began preparations to join the Service Force in the Pacific.
World War II
Sailing from San Diego, California, on 6 January 1942, Kaskaskia commenced fueling operations en route before arriving Pago Pago 20 January. For the next six months she operated out of Nom-a refueling the ships engaged in the violent struggle to stem the Japanese advance. The oiler arrived Kodiak, Alaska, 3 July with a cargo of oil and fuel to be used in the Aleutian Islands campaign. She returned to Wilmington, California, loaded oil and aviation gasoline and continued oil runs to Alaskan ports until she steamed to Nouméa late in March 1943. Kaskaskia supplied many ships, increasing the mobility of the fleet during the successful campaigns in the South Pacific.
Kaskaskia returned to San Pedro 28 July for repairs before resuming her duties at Pearl Harbor 21 September. She transported oil between California and Hawaii until she sailed 25 November to support the Gilbert Islands campaign. Returning to Pearl Harbor 10 December, the oiler resumed her cruises between San Pedro and Hawaii.
As the Navy pushed relentlessly toward Japan, Kaskaskia departed Pearl Harbor 16 January 1944 to support operations in the Marshall Islands. After the Navy had captured the Kwajalein and Majuro Atolls, Kaskaskia supported carrier task forces during their devastating raids on Truk, the Marianas Islands, and Palau Islands in February and March.
The oiler continued fueling operations in the Marshall Islands area until she cleared Majuro 6 June to fuel destroyers and destroyer escorts in the invasion of Saipan. Throughout June and July Kaskaskia remained on hand, assisting the fleet to take Saipee, Guam, and Tinian – important supply areas in the future campaign for the Philippines.
As the Navy fought toward the Philippines, the decision was taken to assault the Palau Islands as a staging area for aircraft and ships during the invasion of Leyte. Kaskaskia departed Manus on 4 September with a task group bound for an assault on Peleliu. She operated in the Palau area until returning Manus 8 October. Her stay was a brief one, however, as she sailed 10 October for Leyte. Prior to the actual landings, she fueled units of the fleet, continuing this vital duty until a beachhead had been established. The oiler returned Ulithi 23 October and made another fueling run to the Philippine area early in November.
After an overhaul at San Diego December 1944 through February 1945, Kaskaskia arrived Kwajalein on 11 March to service the fleet. The oiler cleared Ulithi on 30 March for the fueling area off Okinawa, the last major step before the Japanese homeland itself. Once again the oilers, the unsung heroes of the war, stood by refueling the many ships engaged in the irresistible assault from the sea on Okinawa.
Kaskaskia was relieved of fueling duties off Okinawa, only to be summoned for another important service. She departed Ulithi 3 July to refuel units of the carrier task forces, launching raids on the Japanese Islands of Honshū and Hokkaidō. When the Japanese surrendered, Kaskaskia steamed into Tokyo Bay 10 September with ships of the Occupation Forces. She continued refueling operations in Japan, China, and Formosa for an entire year before arriving San Pedro 28 September 1946.
Korean War
Between 1947 and 1950 she ferried oil and aviation gasoline from the West Coast to the Far East and naval bases in the mid-Pacific. When North Korean troops invaded South Korea, the United States accepted the challenge and ordered its forces to defend the embattled peninsula. Kaskaskia cleared San Diego 16 September to operate out of Sasebo. During October she entered the heavily mined waters off Wonsan, fueling ships blockading and bombarding that key port.
During December she arrived off Hungnam to service ships engaged in evacuation operations in that area. Throughout the harsh winter months, Kaskaskia continued vital fueling missions between Japan and Korea. During the United Nations counteroffensive in the spring of 1951, she also stood by for fueling operations. The oiler returned to Long Beach, California, 27 August for overhaul and operations along the Pacific Coast.
She sailed for the second Korean tour January 1952, arriving Sasebo on 22 January to refuel the ships engaged in the Korean War. In addition to services in Korea, she also supplied units in Japan, Okinawa and Formosa before returning Long Beach 31 July. Overhaul and training preceded her third Korean deployment from 27 December to July 1953. On this tour she supported ships engaged in fire support operations. Returning home 17 August, Kaskaskia underwent overhaul; she then sailed again for the Far East 4 January 1954, operated out of Sasebo and returning San Francisco 12 October. Following coastal operations, the oiler was placed out of commission, in reserve, 8 April 1955.
Kaskaskia was transferred to Military Sealift Command 8 January 1957, and operated in that capacity with a Navy crew until 21 October 1957 when she decommissioned and was turned over to the Maritime Administration 10 December. Kaskaskia was struck from the Navy List 2 January 1959.
1960s
The Berlin Crisis of 1961 necessitated the reactivation of ships and Kaskaskia was reinstated 8 September. Following overhaul and alterations she recommissioned at Hoboken, New Jersey, 6 December. After shakedown operations in the Caribbean, the oiler arrived at Mayport, Florida, on 1 May 1962. Throughout the summer she engaged in exercises off the Florida Coast, and sailed to the Azores to participate in Project Mercury, manned orbital flights. She was in company with the aircraft carrier during the latter's recovery of Astronaut Walter Schirra 3 October, demonstrating the large role of the Navy in space operations.
Kaskaskia return to Mayport 22 October and two days later sailed to participate in the Cuban blockade. President John F. Kennedy ordered the blockade when the Soviet Union tried to plant offensive missiles only from the United States. The naval pressure persuaded the Soviet Union to withdraw the missiles, easing the crisis. The oiler returned to operations out of Mayport 21 November.
She cleared Mayport 5 February 1963, for a six-month Mediterranean cruise to refuel ships of the US 6th Fleet, then resumed refueling exercises off Florida for the rest of the year. During 1964 Kaskaskia engaged in fueling operations and exercises off Florida and in the Caribbean, constantly seeking improved methods to increase the mobility of the Fleet.
On 6 January 1965, Kaskaskia sailed for another 6th Fleet deployment. While she was operating in the Mediterranean, her crew worked day and night delivering over 19,000,000 gallons of fuel to 169 ships. Kaskaskia returned to Mayport, 7 June 1965. She operated primarily along the Atlantic Coast and in the Caribbean into 1967. Highlights of this period were service to ships patrolling off the coast of riot-torn Santo Domingo in the summer of 1965, and participation in the recovery team for an unmanned Apollo Program space flight in February 1966.
Kaskaskia completed her final Med Cruise in 1969 prior to her decommissioning.
Kaskaskia was decommissioned for the final time in December 1969 and sold for scrap in September 1970.
Kaskaskia, received nine battle stars for World War II and seven stars for Korean War service.
References
External links
Cimarron-class oilers (1939)
1939 ships
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
World War II tankers of the United States
Korean War auxiliary ships of the United States
Cold War auxiliary ships of the United States
Ships built in Newport News, Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Kaskaskia |
In geometry, the snub dodecadodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as . It has 84 faces (60 triangles, 12 pentagons, and 12 pentagrams), 150 edges, and 60 vertices. It is given a Schläfli symbol as a snub great dodecahedron.
Cartesian coordinates
Cartesian coordinates for the vertices of a snub dodecadodecahedron are all the even permutations of
(±2α, ±2, ±2β),
(±(α+β/τ+τ), ±(-ατ+β+1/τ), ±(α/τ+βτ-1)),
(±(-α/τ+βτ+1), ±(-α+β/τ-τ), ±(ατ+β-1/τ)),
(±(-α/τ+βτ-1), ±(α-β/τ-τ), ±(ατ+β+1/τ)) and
(±(α+β/τ-τ), ±(ατ-β+1/τ), ±(α/τ+βτ+1)),
with an even number of plus signs, where
β = (α2/τ+τ)/(ατ−1/τ),
where τ = (1+)/2 is the golden mean and
α is the positive real root of τα4−α3+2α2−α−1/τ, or approximately 0.7964421.
Taking the odd permutations of the above coordinates with an odd number of plus signs gives another form, the enantiomorph of the other one.
Related polyhedra
Medial pentagonal hexecontahedron
The medial pentagonal hexecontahedron is a nonconvex isohedral polyhedron. It is the dual of the snub dodecadodecahedron. It has 60 intersecting irregular pentagonal faces.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
Inverted snub dodecadodecahedron
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snub%20dodecadodecahedron |
Earl Ray Tomblin (born March 15, 1952) is an American politician who served as the 35th governor of West Virginia from 2011 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served in the West Virginia Senate from 1980 to 2011 and as president of the West Virginia Senate from 1995 to 2011. Tomblin became acting governor in November 2010 following Joe Manchin's election to the U.S. Senate. He won a special election in October 2011 to fill the unexpired term ending in January 14, 2013 and was elected to a full term as governor in November 2012.
Early life and education
Tomblin was born in Logan County, West Virginia, and is the son of Freda M. (née Jarrell) and Earl Tomblin. His mother was 18 years old when he was born. He has a Bachelor of Science degree from West Virginia University where he was a member of Kappa Alpha Order and then went along to receive a Master of Business Administration degree from Marshall University.
State Legislature and Senate President
Tomblin was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1974, and reelected in 1976 and 1978. He won election to the Senate for the 7th district in 1980 and was subsequently re-elected every four years until his election as governor.
Tomblin was elected on January 3, 1995, as the 48th President of the West Virginia Senate. Having served in the position for almost seventeen years, he is the longest serving Senate President in West Virginia's history. Tomblin became the first Lieutenant Governor of West Virginia upon creation of the honorary designation in 2000.
As a senator, he represented the 7th Senate District encompassing Boone, Lincoln, Logan, and Wayne counties.
Acting governor
Tomblin became acting governor when Joe Manchin resigned after being elected to fill the United States Senate seat of the late Senator Robert Byrd. Tomblin is the first person to serve as acting governor under West Virginia's current constitution.
While acting governor, Tomblin also retained the title of Senate President, per the state constitution. However, he did not participate in legislative business or preside over the Senate while acting governor.
Governor of West Virginia
Elections
2011 special
In 2011, Tomblin stated his desire to run for the governorship. Following a ruling by the Supreme Court of Appeals on January 18, 2011, a special gubernatorial election was scheduled for October 4, 2011. Tomblin was successful in the Democratic primary, beating a field of six contenders, while Morgantown businessman Bill Maloney emerged as the Republican nominee in the May 14 primary. Tomblin went on to win the general election against Maloney and was sworn in as governor on November 13, 2011. Immediately before taking the oath as governor, Tomblin officially resigned from both the offices of Senate President and state senator.
2012
Tomblin ran for election to a full term in 2012, and defeated Maloney in a rematch.
Tenure
In the 2016 presidential election, Tomblin endorsed fellow Democrat Hillary Clinton.
Abortion
Tomblin is anti-abortion. Despite this, in March 2014, Tomblin vetoed a bill that would have banned abortions in West Virginia after 20 weeks, which he said was due to constitutionality issues. In March 2015, Tomblin again vetoed the bill; however, his veto was overridden by the West Virginia legislature.
Approval ratings
A May 2013 survey by Republican strategist Mark Blankenship showed Tomblin's job approval rating to be at 69 percent, unchanged from two months earlier. According to a poll conducted by Public Policy Polling in September 2013, Tomblin had an approval rating of 47 percent with 35 percent disapproving, up from 44 percent in 2011.
Term limit
Tomblin was barred from running for a second full term in 2016. Under the West Virginia Constitution, a partial term counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms.
Personal life
Tomblin was married on September 8, 1979 to Joanne Jaeger, a native New Yorker and graduate of Marshall University, who served as the president of Southern West Virginia Community and Technical College from 1999 to 2015. They reside in Chapmanville and have one son, Brent. Tomblin attends the First Presbyterian Church of Logan.
Electoral history
Notes
References
External links
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1952 births
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
American Presbyterians
Businesspeople from West Virginia
Democratic Party governors of West Virginia
Living people
Marshall University alumni
Democratic Party members of the West Virginia House of Delegates
People from Chapmanville, West Virginia
Presidents of the West Virginia Senate
Democratic Party West Virginia state senators
West Virginia University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl%20Ray%20Tomblin |
The Tony Award for Best Orchestrations is awarded to acknowledge the contributions of musical orchestrators in both musicals and plays. The award has been given since 1997.
Winners and nominees
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Multiple wins
3 Wins
Doug Besterman
Alex Lacamoire
2 Wins
Ralph Burns
Stephen Oremus
Charlie Rosen
Don Sebesky
Michael Starobin
Multiple nominations
11 Nominations
Jonathan Tunick
9 Nominations
Larry Hochman
7 Nominations
Harold Wheeler
5 Nominations
Doug Besterman
4 Nominations
Bill Brohn
John Clancy
Don Sebesky
Danny Troob
3 Nominations
Larry Blank
Bruce Coughlin
Bill Elliott
Tom Kitt
Alex Lacamoire
Charlie Rosen
Michael Starobin
Daryl Waters
2 Nominations
Ralph Burns
Jason Carr
David Cullen
Simon Hale
Michael Gibson
Martin Koch
Stephen Oremus
Bill Sherman
See also
Tony Award for Best Original Score
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Orchestrations
Laurence Olivier Award for Best Original Score or New Orchestrations
List of Tony Award-nominated productions
External links
Tony Awards Official site
Tony Awards at Internet Broadway database Listing
Tony Awards at broadwayworld.com
References
Tony Awards
Awards established in 1997
1997 establishments in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Award%20for%20Best%20Orchestrations |
In geometry, the ditrigonal dodecadodecahedron (or ditrigonary dodecadodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U41. It has 24 faces (12 pentagons and 12 pentagrams), 60 edges, and 20 vertices. It has extended Schläfli symbol b{5,}, as a blended great dodecahedron, and Coxeter diagram . It has 4 Schwarz triangle equivalent constructions, for example Wythoff symbol 3 | 5, and Coxeter diagram .
Related polyhedra
Its convex hull is a regular dodecahedron. It additionally shares its edge arrangement with the small ditrigonal icosidodecahedron (having the pentagrammic faces in common), the great ditrigonal icosidodecahedron (having the pentagonal faces in common), and the regular compound of five cubes.
Furthermore, it may be viewed as a facetted dodecahedron: the pentagrammic faces are inscribed in the dodecahedron's pentagons. Its dual, the medial triambic icosahedron, is a stellation of the icosahedron.
It is topologically equivalent to a quotient space of the hyperbolic order-6 pentagonal tiling, by distorting the pentagrams back into regular pentagons. As such, it is a regular polyhedron of index two:
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditrigonal%20dodecadodecahedron |
In geometry, the great dodecahemidodecahedron is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U70. It has 18 faces (12 pentagrams and 6 decagrams), 60 edges, and 30 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral.
Aside from the regular small stellated dodecahedron {5/2,5} and great stellated dodecahedron {5/2,3}, it is the only nonconvex uniform polyhedron whose faces are all non-convex regular polygons (star polygons), namely the star polygons {5/2} and {10/3}.
It is a hemipolyhedron with 6 decagrammic faces passing through the model center.
Related polyhedra
Its convex hull is the icosidodecahedron. It also shares its edge arrangement with the great icosidodecahedron (having the pentagrammic faces in common) and the great icosihemidodecahedron (having the decagrammic faces in common).
Gallery
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20dodecahemidodecahedron |
In geometry, the small dodecahemicosahedron (or great dodecahemiicosahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U62. It has 22 faces (12 pentagrams and 10 hexagons), 60 edges, and 30 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral.
It is a hemipolyhedron with ten hexagonal faces passing through the model center.
Related polyhedra
Its convex hull is the icosidodecahedron. It also shares its edge arrangement with the dodecadodecahedron (having the pentagrammic faces in common), and with the great dodecahemicosahedron (having the hexagonal faces in common).
Gallery
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20dodecahemicosahedron |
Richard Bone (born February 3, 1952) is an American electronic musician.
Life and career
Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Bone began his professional musical career creating soundtracks and scores for several off-Broadway companies working in experimental theater. In 1979, he released with his band Bone the single "Pirate the Islands/Headlines Have It" before joining the new-wave band Shox Lumania in 1981. Bone then recorded a solo 7" entitled "Digital Days/Alien Girl" on and was subsequently signed to Survival Records in the UK where he released several LPs, EPs, singles and contributed to various compilation albums. His 1983 single "Joy of Radiation" reached No. 1 on the Hong Kong Dance Chart.
Bone started the label Quirkworks Laboratory Discs in 1991, allowing him freedom to create music of a more experimental nature and retain control of his musical direction. Since then Bone has released over 25 recordings of new material and several collaborations and compilations. Of the new material recordings, three quickly rose to No. 1 on industry charts as well as receiving numerous other honors. In 2004 Bone's recording The Reality Temples was nominated for the 2004 New Age Reporter Lifestyle Music Awards' Best Electronic Album, his 2005 recording Saiyuji was nominated for the 2005 New Age Reporter Lifestyle Music Awards' Best Ambient Album, his 2007 recording Infinite Plastic Creation was awarded the 2007 New Age Reporter Lifestyle Music Awards' Best Electronic Album and his 2008 release Sudden Departure was nominated for the 2008 New Age Reporter LifeStyle Awards’ Best Ambient and Best Electronic Album.
In 2019 Bone released Empyrean Castles and A Garden of Invited Flowers.
Discography
Solo albums
Empyrean Castles, 2019, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
A Garden of Invited Flowers, 2019, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Nibiru - Drones from the 12th Planet, 2018, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Age of Falconry, 2017, Mega Dodo*AERA, 2016, USB Release, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Involution Vol. 1, 2015, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Vertical Life, 2014, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Cranium Fizz, 2013, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Anthology, 2013, AD Music UK
Images from A Parallel World, 2013, AD Music UK
Mind Environs, 2011 Quirkworks Laboratory Discs (soundtrack from the iTunes app)
XesseX - The Palindrome Project, 2011, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Adaptors, 2011, Prismatikone (Italy)
Beleaguered Blossoms, 2010, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
The Ghosts of Hanton Village, 2009, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Sudden Departure, 2008, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Short Waves, 2008, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Emerging Melodies (CD Re-Issue), 2008, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Connection Failed, 2008, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Songs From The Analog Attic, 2007, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Infinite Plastic Creation, 2007, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Experiments '80-'82, 2007, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Serene Life of Microbes, 2006, AD Music UK
Vesperia, 2006, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Saiyuji, 2005, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
The Reality Temples, 2004, Spiralight Recordings
Untold Tales, 2004, Orlandomaniac Music (Sweden)
Alternate Realities, 2003, Spiralight Recordings
Indium, 2002, Electroshock (Russia)
Disorient, 2002, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Alternate Worlds vol. 1 (MP3 Release), 2001, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Tales from the Incantina, 2001, Indium/Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Ascensionism, 2000, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Distillation, 1999, Halcyon
Ether Dome, 1999, Hypnos Recordings
Coxa, 1999, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
The Spectral Ships, 1998, Hypnos Recordings
Electropica, 1998, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
A Survey of Remembered Things, 1997, (a shared disc with John Orsi) Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Metaphysic Mambo, 1996, Reversing
The Eternal Now, 1996, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Vox Orbita, 1995, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Ambiento, 1994, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
X Considers Y, 1994, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Quirkwork, 1993, Quirkworks Laboratory Discs
Vinyl releases
Obtuse Tantrums (7” vinyl), 2015, AttractiveCO
Brave Sketches' (2x 12” vinyl), 2015, Orlandomaniac MusicVaulted Vsions (3x 12” vinyl), 2014, Vinyl on DemandX Considers Y (12” vinyl), 1994, Quirkworks Laboratory DiscsExspectacle (12” vinyl), 1985, SurvivalThe Real Swing (12” vinyl), 1984, SurvivalLiving in Partytown (12” vinyl), 1984, SurvivalJoy of Radiation (12” vinyl), 1983, SurvivalEmerging Melodies (12” vinyl), 1983, RumbleBrave Tales (12” vinyl), 1983, SurvivalThe Beat is Elite (12” vinyl), 1982, SurvivalJoy/Do Angels Dance (7” vinyl), 1983, SurvivalDigital Days/Alien Girl (7” vinyl), 1981, Rumble/SurvivalLife in Video City (cassette), 1980, EurockQuiz Party (cassette), 1980, EurockPirate the Islands/Headlines (7” vinyl), 1979, Rumble
CollaborationsVia Poetica, 2007, (with Lisa Indish) Quirkworks Laboratory DiscsSongs from Early Paradise (with Mary Zema), 1998, Quirkworks Laboratory DiscsRubber Rodeo (with Rubber Rodeo), 1982, Eat RecordsShe Had To Go (with Rubber Rodeo), 1982, Eat RecordsLive at the Peppermint Lounge (with Shox Lumania), 1981, ROIR(I Have) No Shoes/Signals (with Shox Lumania), 1981, RumbleJolene/ Who’s on Top? (with Rubber Rodeo), 1981, RumbleAge of Urban Heroes (with Urban Heroes), 1981, Dutch AriolaHeadlines'' (with Urban Heroes), 1980, Dutch Ariola
Compilation tracks
"Adrift" from Sounds from the Circle, 2012, NewAge Music Circle
"Do You Hear What I Hear?" from Christmas AD, 2011, AD Music
"The Seduction of Dr. Pasteur" from Night Music, 2010, AD Music
"Mambopolis" from Disco For Abruzzo, 2009, Wondersounds
"Son of Icarus" from Euphony 2, 2009, wwuh.org
"Mutant Wisdom" from Cosmic Disco? Cosmic Rock!, 2008, Eskimo
"The Memory of Caves" from Euphony 1, 2008, wwuh.org
"Mambopolis" from Discotech, 2007, Electunes
"Autotrophic Light" from Schwingunen #138, 2006, Cue-Records
"Stillness Repeating" from Ambienism, 2004, Spiralight Recordings
"Dzibana" from Harmony with Ambience, 2003, Windfarm Records
"Spires" from Logan’s Run, 2002, Discos Veveos
"Elusia, I Can See!" from Electroacoustic Music V. 3, 1999, Electroshock
"Murmurio" from Oscillations, 1998, Halcyon
"Via Mycropia" from The Other World, 1998, Hypnos Recordings
"Vox 2.5" from EM:T 1197, 1997, EM:T
"untitled" from The Answering Machine Solution, 1996, Staalplaat
"In the Shadow of Rain" from Back to the Universe, 1996, Only Records
"The Demon Angel", “Mi Mundo”, “Amb 7.4.53”, Amb 4.6.47”, “Anastasia Says” & “The Deluxe Set” from Media Works, 1995, Grace Pro
"Etherea Arriving" from Maine Vocals, 1995, Reversing
"Overstated Papers" from ANON, 1995, Von Buhler
"Vox 9” & “Illicit Behavior" from Indiegestion Samplers # 7, 1995, Alternative Press
"X Considers Y” & El Gato Negro" from Indiegestion Samplers # 5, 1995, Alternative Press
"The Real Swing" from Pulse 8, 1985, Survival
"Far from Yesterday" from Film Noir – American Style, 1984, Ding Dong
"Living in Partytown" from The Art of Survival, 1984, Survival
"Joy of Radiation" from Dance Report, 1983, Survival
"Monster Movie” & “Quantum Hop" from Mind & Matter / Megamix, 1983, Survival
"Alternative Music for the Lounge" from The American Music Compilation, 1982, Eurock
See also
List of ambient music artists
References
External links
Richard Bone Official home page
1952 births
Living people
American electronic musicians
Ambient musicians
American experimental musicians
Musicians from Atlanta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Bone |
In geometry, the great dodecahemicosahedron (or great dodecahemiicosahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U65. It has 22 faces (12 pentagons and 10 hexagons), 60 edges, and 30 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral.
It is a hemipolyhedron with ten hexagonal faces passing through the model center.
Related polyhedra
Its convex hull is the icosidodecahedron. It also shares its edge arrangement with the dodecadodecahedron (having the pentagonal faces in common), and with the small dodecahemicosahedron (having the hexagonal faces in common).
Great dodecahemicosacron
The great dodecahemicosacron is the dual of the great dodecahemicosahedron, and is one of nine dual hemipolyhedra. It appears visually indistinct from the small dodecahemicosacron.
Since the hemipolyhedra have faces passing through the center, the dual figures have corresponding vertices at infinity; properly, on the real projective plane at infinity. In Magnus Wenninger's Dual Models, they are represented with intersecting prisms, each extending in both directions to the same vertex at infinity, in order to maintain symmetry. In practice, the model prisms are cut off at a certain point that is convenient for the maker. Wenninger suggested these figures are members of a new class of stellation figures, called stellation to infinity. However, he also suggested that strictly speaking, they are not polyhedra because their construction does not conform to the usual definitions.
The great dodecahemicosahedron can be seen as having ten vertices at infinity.
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
Hemi-icosahedron - The ten vertices at infinity correspond directionally to the 10 vertices of this abstract polyhedron.
References
(Page 101, Duals of the (nine) hemipolyhedra)
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20dodecahemicosahedron |
Phari or Pagri (; ) is a town in Yadong County in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China near the border with Bhutan. The border can be accessed through a secret road/trail connecting Tsento Gewog in Bhutan () known as Tremo La. the town had a population of 2,121. It is one of the highest towns in the world, being about above sea-level at the head of the Chumbi Valley.
History
Thomas Manning, the first Englishman to reach Lhasa, visited Pagri from 21September until 5November 1811 and had this to say about his room in the town: "Dirt, dirt, grease, smoke. Misery, but good mutton." The Pagri Fortress (Dzong) was located here and was important for the government as it stood between Tibet and Bhutan. Pagri was a staging area en route to Gyantse and ultimately Lhasa.
Thubten Ngodup, the current Nechung Oracle, was born in Phari in 1957.
Gallery
Climate
Owing to its extreme altitude, Pagri has an alpine climate (Köppen ETH) that is too cold to permit the growth of trees, even though the altitude is still marginally too low for the formation of permafrost. Example Mount Fuji in Japan, Uelen in Russia and Longyearbyen in Svalbard Norway. The winter is severe in spite of the fact that no month has daytime maxima below , and also very dry and long, extending as late as May. Snowfall, however, is rare because of the dryness. Summers, during which the great majority of precipitation occurs, are cool even at their warmest and consistently damp, even though the Himalayas prevent falls from ever being heavy.
References
Populated places in Shigatse
Bhutan–China border crossings
Township-level divisions of Tibet
Yadong County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phari |
In geometry, the great icosihemidodecahedron (or great icosahemidodecahedron) is a nonconvex uniform polyhedron, indexed as U71. It has 26 faces (20 triangles and 6 decagrams), 60 edges, and 30 vertices. Its vertex figure is a crossed quadrilateral.
It is a hemipolyhedron with 6 decagrammic faces passing through the model center.
Related polyhedra
Its convex hull is the icosidodecahedron. It also shares its edge arrangement with the great icosidodecahedron (having the triangular faces in common), and with the great dodecahemidodecahedron (having the decagrammic faces in common).
Gallery
See also
List of uniform polyhedra
References
External links
Uniform polyhedra and duals
Uniform polyhedra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20icosihemidodecahedron |
Rainulf II, called Trincanocte, was the fourth Count of Aversa (1045–1048), the cousin of his immediate predecessor Asclettin and nephew of Rainulf Drengot, the founder of their family's fortunes in the Mezzogiorno. There was a succession crisis after the premature death of Asclettin and Guaimar IV of Salerno, as suzerain of Aversa, tried to impose his candidate on the Normans, but they elected Trincanocte and he prevailed in getting Guaimar's recognition too. In 1047, he was present at a council with Pandulf IV of Capua and Guaimar, where the former was returned to his princely position and the latter's great domain was broken up. The feudal titles of Rainulf and Drogo of Hauteville, count of Apulia, were confirmed by the Emperor Henry III and they were made his direct vassals. Within a year, Trincanocte died and was succeeded by his infant son Herman under the regency of his cousin Richard, whom he had originally spurned, believing him to be a dangerous rival. Soon, Herman was displaced (or worse) and Richard was count.
Notes
References
Cuozzo, E. "Drengot, Rainulfo, detto Trincanotte (Trinclinocte, Drincanoctus), Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani.
1048 deaths
Italo-Normans
Counts of Aversa
Year of birth unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainulf%20Trincanocte |
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