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Rosalba Géraldine Bazán Ortíz is a Mexican actress.
Early life
Bazán was born in Mexico City, Mexico, to Rosalba Ortiz Cabrera. Her father, Manuel Antonio Bazán, is an entrepreneur living in southern California. Her brother is Angel Claude, who is also an actor.
Career
Bazán began her career in 1988 first appearing in TV commercials, before landing on roles as a child actor in telenovelas. She appeared in Corazón Salvaje, Buscando el Paraíso, María la del Barrio, Preciosa, Traviesa and Camila for Televisa. And later had main roles in the TV Azteca-produced telenovelas Catalina Y Sebastián, Ellas Inocentes o Culpables, Como en el Cine and Dos Chicos de Cuidado.
Towards the end of 2004 she traveled to Miami to film the telenovela Soñar no Cuesta Nada, produced by Venevisión-Univision. In 2005, she was in eight films in Mexico and nine theater plays, including Univision's El Amor No Tiene Precio. The actress starred in Tierra de Pasiones in 2006 from NBC Telemundo. Bazán played an antagonic role in the 2007 teen telenovela Bajo las Riendas del Amor from Televisa Miami Studios. All three telenovelas were broadcast in the United States, Mexico, Latin America and Europe.
In 2008, Bazán appeared in Victoria, a telenovela filmed in Bogotá, Colombia, alongside Victoria Ruffo, Arturo Peniche and Mauricio Ochmann. Victoria is a remake of Mirada de Mujer, itself a remake of Colombian telenovela Señora Isabel. She worked again with Venevision - Univision in 2010 with Sacrificio de Mujer.
Filmography
Film
Television
Awards
Gold Aztec Award Premio Azteca de Oro en Los Angeles Cal. Hispanic Heritage
ACE Award, Premio ACE New York for the face of the year
Sin Limite Award, Premios Sin Limite New York for best female performance
Latino Award, Premios Latinos New York as well as female performance
Diamond Mara Award, Mara de Oro awards in Venezuela for best TV actress
Palmas de Oro Latinas Award Palmas de Oro Phoenix, AZ, USA
Premio Amigos del Peru Miami, FL, USA
Premio Carteles Miami, FL, USA
Organizations and projects
Bazán is a member of the First Parliament of Immigrants, the Mex-I-can Foundation and assisted the National Hispanic Conclave in Florida. She worked with La Raza National Convention (NCLR).
Bazán is a founding member of "Women on Film and Television in Mexico", which promotes the work of Mexican and foreign entertainers through its "Muestra Internacional" initiative. Bazán also collaborates with charity organizations that promote the film industry both in Mexico and the United States, such as the "Fundacion Expression en corto y Canana y Documental Ambulante, AC", an entity that promotes film and video as a tool of social conscience.
Géraldine Bazán has been Goodwill Ambassador and International Marshall of the Hispanic and Puerto Rican National Day Parade parades held in Manhattan. In 2008 she was the International Queen of the Mexican Day Parade in New York and Desfile Mexicano de Independencia East LA. She was an honor guest along in the 5 May festival in Flushing M Park in Queens, and Manhattan N.Y., as well as serving as the Godmother of the First Dominican Parade in Miami, Florida.
Personal life
Bazán was married to actor Gabriel Soto from 2016 to 2018, with whom had two daughters.
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Mexican emigrants to the United States
Actresses from Mexico City
20th-century Mexican actresses
21st-century Mexican actresses
Mexican people of Croatian descent
Mexican expatriate actors in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geraldine%20Baz%C3%A1n |
Martini Creek is a coastal stream whose watershed lies entirely within San Mateo County, California, United States on the western exposures of the Montara mountain block, discharging to the Pacific Ocean. It flows about from its source on Montara Mountain to its mouth in Montara State Beach. This stream has a drainage basin composed of open space and agricultural lands. Some of the basin has moderate to steep slopes and much of the basin habitat is northern coastal scrub, and in places almost of a pygmy forest nature.
There are numerous species of flora and fauna which are found in this watershed, including the rare plant Hickman's potentilla. Yellow Bush Lupine is also seen here in a low growing form
The creek name became widely publicized when a highway alternative for the Devil's Slide bypass became dubbed the "Martini Creek Alignment". The highway proposal caused considerable study during the 1980s and 1990s of biology, geology, air quality and acoustics conditions within this watershed.
Bibliography
Biological Assessment, Species of Concern, Proposed Route 1 Devil's Slide Tunnel Bypass Project, San Mateo County, California Prepared by; Caltrans, Office of Environmental Planning, South. July, 1998.
Devil's Slide Improvement Project, San Mateo County, California, Draft Second Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement, Caltrans District 4 (1999)
Hogan, Michael and Ballard George, Air Quality and Noise Analyses for the Bypass Alternative, Devil's Slide Improvement Project, Caltrans District 4, prepared by Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, CA (1984)
Hovland, John H., Ph.D., P.E., A Study of the Feasibility of Stabilizing the Landslide Area Along Highway One, San Mateo County, California, by Dewatering, April, 1998
Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Devil’s Slide Tunnel Study: Feasibility Report, October, 1996.
External links
Rivers of San Mateo County, California
Rivers of Northern California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martini%20Creek |
Springfield–Beckley Municipal Airport is a civil-military airport five miles (8 km) south of Springfield, in Clark County, Ohio, United States. It is owned by the city of Springfield. It is named after the Beckley family, a member of which knew the Wright Brothers, and witnessed and photographed their first flights.
Three units of the Ohio Air National Guard, including the 178th Wing (formerly 178th Fighter Wing) are based at the co-located Springfield Air National Guard Base.
Springfield had scheduled airline flights, on TWA in 1948-50 and on Lake Central in 1953-55.
Facilities
The airport covers and has two runways:
06/24: 9,010 x 150 ft (2,746 x 46 m), surface: asphalt/concrete
15/33: 5,498 x 100 ft (1,676 x 30 m), surface: asphalt
In the year ending November 8, 2022 the airport had 32,770 aircraft operations, average 90 per day: 99% general aviation, <1% military, and <1% air taxi. 30 aircraft were based at this airport: 19 single-engine, 7 multi-engine, 3 jet, and 1 helicopter.
Accidents at SGH
On February 9, 1988, a British Aerospace Jetstream operated by Jetstream International Airlines on a training flight yawed and rolled while executing a go around, pitched up, rolled and entered a vertical descent and impacted the ground. All 3 crew were killed.
References
External links
Springfield–Beckley Municipal Airport
Springfield Air National Guard Base (official site)
Springfield Air National Guard Base (GlobalSecurity.org)
Airports in Ohio
Buildings and structures in Clark County, Ohio
Transportation in Clark County, Ohio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springfield%E2%80%93Beckley%20Municipal%20Airport |
State Route 293 (SR 293) is a state highway in Humboldt County, Nevada. It connects the Kings River Valley to U.S. Route 95 at the town of Orovada.
Route description
SR 293 begins at a Nevada Department of Transportation monument in the north-central portion of Humboldt County, just a few miles east of the Kings River. From there, the route heads east through a mountain pass and then southward. After crossing the Quinn River, SR 293 heads eastward through the Quinn River Valley to its terminus at US 95 at the town of Orovada.
History
The road first appears on official state maps 1968, although it was not labeled as being part of Nevada's numbered highway system at that time. The highway was fully paved by 1971, but still had no route number on the state map. The entire road was removed from state highway maps entirely beginning with the 1973 edition. Despite this, the highway officially became State Route 293 on July 1, 1976, when Nevada officials began renumbering the state's numbered routes. The road returned to the state highway map, complete with the SR 293 designation, in the 1982 edition.
Major intersections
See also
References
293
Transportation in Humboldt County, Nevada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada%20State%20Route%20293 |
A listings magazine is a magazine which is largely dedicated to information about the upcoming week's events such as broadcast programming, music, clubs, theatre and film information.
The BBC's Radio Times was the world's first listings magazine when it was founded in 1923 to compete with daily newspapers, which had hitherto fulfilled the role. In 1932, New York's Cue was the first city-specific listings magazine.
With the expansion of broadcast media many others have followed, expanding the format to include columns about media production and personalities, such as TV Hebdo (Québec) in Canada, TV Guide in the US and hundreds of others worldwide. Broadcast guides are normally published either with a Saturday or Sunday newspaper or are published weekly or fortnightly. It has become a highly competitive area of publishing.
Other listings magazines have started from a primary base in cultural events, such as Time Out magazine in the UK. Most major cities worldwide have one or many more such publications.
During the politically charged 1970s and 1980s, many of these magazines, in the UK at least, played a progressive role as part of the alternative press and had a reputation for leftward leaning investigative and campaigning journalism. They were some of the first consumer magazines to carry lists of "agitprop" events. City Limits was probably the most outspoken of all UK-based listings magazines but almost all followed Time Out’s lead of including space for lesbian and gay events and clubs. In certain areas of the UK which were previously dominated by the old guard of regional newspapers, which were traditionally more conservative in outlook, this was the first time that gay issues were put on a par with others - this was particularly true of Bristol's Venue, Southampton's Due South Magazine, and to a lesser extent Manchester's City Life where the local press (Manchester Evening News) had been at times at least, a little more tolerant.
In Italy the most important listing magazine has always been TV Sorrisi e Canzoni, with a weekly circulation of over 2 million in the late 80s.
References
Magazine genres | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listings%20magazine |
Woodside is an unincorporated middle income urban locality of Dartmouth, within the Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia. The community is divided into North Woodside and South Woodside. Woodside is home to two hospitals: the Dartmouth General Hospital and the Nova Scotia Hospital.
History
Woodside originally referred to the rural estate of John E. Fairbanks in 1830. Around this time, Henry Mott ran a brickyard and a chocolate factory in the area. The area began to expand in 1858 with the construction of the Nova Scotia Hospital, and then again in 1884 following the construction of a sugar refinery. In 1917, the Imperial Oil Refinery was built, leading to further growth. In 1921, Immaculate Conception Roman Catholic Church and St. Alban's Anglican Church were built on hospital land. The following year, Woodside-Imperoyal Presbyterian Church was established. Because the local economy was driven by the refineries, Woodside was predominantly a working class community. There was at one point consideration to incorporate Woodside as a town, but the idea was rejected by the provincial government.
Geography
Woodside is divided into two areas; North Woodside and South Woodside. North Woodside covers about , and South Woodside covers approximately . The total area of the community is .
Businesses
Several businesses reside within the boundaries of Woodside. These include the Dartmouth Refinery, the Irving Oil terminal, and an offshore industrial park called the Woodside Industrial Park. In the Business Park businesses include Aecon Fabco. Another institution is InNOVAcorp, formerly the Nova Scotia Research Foundation.
Development
A new development called Russell Lake West is planned for both single family and multiple family dwellings. On the grounds next to the Nova Scotia Hospital, the NSCC Ivany Campus has been built. Also a new shopping mall, Dartmouth Gate, is under development at the site of the former Hershey Moirs chocolate factory.
Schools
Current
South Woodside Elementary School
Dartmouth South Academy
Previous
Southdale-North Woodside Elementary School
Prince Arthur Junior High School
Notable places
Woodside Atlantic Wharf
North Woodside Community Centre
NSCC Ivany Campus
Dartmouth Gate
References
External links
The Miracle of Woodside 4 June 1965
NSCC Dartmouth Campus
Communities in Halifax, Nova Scotia
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodside%2C%20Nova%20Scotia |
Zhang Te ( 251–253), courtesy name Zichan, was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He is best known for resisting an invasion by Wei's rival state, Eastern Wu, at the Battle of Hefei in 253.
Life
Zhang Te was from Zhuo Commandery (), which is around present-day Zhuozhou, Hebei. He started his career as an Officer of the Standard () under the Wei general Zhuge Dan, who held the appointment of General Who Guards the East () from 251 to 252. After Guanqiu Jian took over the position of General Who Guards the East from Zhuge Dan, he put Zhang Te in charge of guarding Xincheng (新城; literally "new city"), a fortress at Hefei.
In 253, Zhuge Ke, the regent of Wei's rival state Eastern Wu, led Wu forces to attack Xincheng and surrounded the fortress. Zhang Te, along with Yue Fang () and others, led 3,000 troops to defend Xincheng. During this time, he sent his subordinates Liu Zheng () and Zheng Xiang () to break out of the siege and seek reinforcements, but Zhuge Ke's men intercepted and captured them. In desperation, Zhang Te lied to the enemy: "I've no intention of fighting now. However, according to the laws of Wei, when I'm under attack for more than 100 days and reinforcements do not arrive, even if I surrender, my family will be spared from punishment. Since I first started resisting the enemy, it has been more than 90 days. This city originally had a population of more than 4,000, and now more than half of them have died in battle. Even when the city falls, if someone does not wish to surrender, I'll speak to him and explain the possible implications of his choice. Tomorrow morning I'll send a list of names, you can first take my tally as a token of trust." Although Zhuge Ke did not accept Zhang Te's tally, he believed that Zhang Te wanted to surrender so he ordered his troops to stop attacking. Zhang Te and his remaining troops then seized the opportunity to make repairs to the walls and strengthen their defences overnight. The following morning, Zhang Te told the enemy: "We shall fight to the death!" Zhuge Ke turned furious when he realised he had been fooled, so he ordered his troops to mount a fierce assault on the fortress. However, his troops were already exhausted and weary after several days of siege, and they failed to breach Xincheng's walls. When Zhuge Ke sensed that his army's morale was falling, he had no choice but to withdraw back to Wu.
The Wei imperial court lauded Zhang Te for his valiant defence of Xincheng and appointed him as a General of a Miscellaneous Title () He was later reassigned to be the Administrator () of Anfeng Commandery (安豐郡; around present-day Lu'an, Anhui).
See also
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
Notes
References
Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian.
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
Cao Wei generals
Political office-holders in Anhui
Cao Wei government officials
Politicians from Baoding
Generals from Hebei | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Te |
Duabanga is a small genus of lowland evergreen rainforest trees in southeast Asia, comprising two or three species.
Duabanga was traditionally included in the ditypic family Sonneratiaceae, but it is now classified in its own monotypic subfamily Duabangoideae of the Lythraceae.
References
Lythraceae genera
Plants described in 1835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duabanga |
Adele Bloch-Bauer (née Bauer; August 9, 1881 – January 24, 1925) was a Viennese socialite, salon hostess, and patron of the arts from Austria-Hungary. A Jewish woman, she is most well known for being the subject of two of artist Gustav Klimt's paintings: Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I and Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer II, and the fate of the paintings during and after the Nazi Holocaust. She has been called "the Austrian Mona Lisa."
Biography
Adele Bauer was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, on August 9, 1881, to Moritz and Jeannette (née Honig) Bauer. Her father was a railway and bank director.
She met her future husband, Ferdinand Bloch, at the wedding of her sister Therese to Ferdinand's brother Gustav Bloch in 1898. Adele and Ferdinand became engaged the next year, followed by marriage in Vienna's Stadttempel on December 19, 1899. Ferdinand was a wealthy businessman who owned a sugar refinery in Bruck an der Mur, Austria.
In 1903, he commissioned the artist Gustav Klimt to paint a portrait of his wife, which was completed in 1907 and became the Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I. Kimberly Bradley of the BBC wrote the portrait transformed Bloch-Bauer into an "icon". In 1912, Bloch-Bauer again sat for Klimt for a portrait, which became the Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer II.
In sitting for Klimt twice, she is the only verified person to be painted by the artist twice in full length. Bloch-Bauer became a Viennese socialite, regularly hosting artists and authors in her salon. Among the many people she hosted were conductors Gustav Mahler and Richard Strauss. She also socialized with royalty, including Prince Adolph Schwarzenberg.
Maria Altmann, the niece of Bloch-Bauer, stated:
In 1925, Bloch-Bauer died of meningitis.
Paintings
Klimt's website says that Bloch-Bauer was his mistress. He painted her at least twice. The first portrait was a gift to Adele's parents. Some artists also think Adele Bloch-Bauer might be the woman in The Kiss and Judith and the Head of Holofernes.
Legal case
During World War II, the Nazis stole Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I from Bloch-Bauer's family. It ended up in the Belvedere Gallery.
In Republic of Austria v. Altmann in 2004, Adele Bloch-Bauer's niece, Maria Altmann, tried to get the painting back from the Belvedere Gallery. The Supreme Court of the United States said the painting was Altmann's. Because Altmann could not pay for insurance and storage, she sold the painting to Ronald Lauder to put in the Neue Gallery in New York City.
Legacy
Bloch-Bauer was the subject of the 2009 children's book Adorable Adele by Peter Stephan Jungk.
In 2016, the city of Vienna named a street, Bloch-Bauer Promenade, after her and her husband.
In popular culture
The 2015 film Woman in Gold is about Maria Altmann's case. Adele Bloch-Bauer is shown in flashbacks.
References
1881 births
1925 deaths
Austrian Jews
Jews and Judaism in Vienna
Subjects of Nazi art appropriations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adele%20Bloch-Bauer |
Matthew Keeslar (born October 15, 1972) is an American retired actor and practicing PA-C (certified physician assistant). He is an instructor of urology at the Oregon Health & Science University's School of Medicine.
Life and career
Matthew Keeslar was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan, the son of Fred Keeslar and Ann Ferguson, who divorced in 1977.
He attended the acting program at the Juilliard School. While a student there, he played the title role in a touring production of Molière's Don Juan, directed by Joseph Chaiken; produced and starred in a student production of Waiting for Godot; and participated in several interdepartmental productions. He was part of the Drama Division's Group 24, graduating in 1995.
Keeslar is known for his roles in Waiting for Guffman, The Last Days of Disco and Scream 3, and the miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune and Stephen King's Rose Red. He starred in the 2008 ABC Family series The Middleman. He established a strong working relationship with South Coast Repertory in Costa Mesa, California, where he performed plays and staged readings.
Keeslar went on to pursue a career in science. He wrote an essay about his struggles with his acting career and subsequent decision to enroll at Portland Community College. He graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Reed College with a biology degree in May 2014. His biology thesis explored the effects of antimalarials on the brains of frogs.
Keeslar is married to Grammy-nominated singer Lori Henriques, with whom he has two children.
Filmography
Sources:
References
External links
Matthew Keeslar, PA-C, Instructor of Urology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
Faculty profile
Health care profile
1972 births
American male film actors
American male television actors
Living people
Male actors from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Juilliard School alumni
Male nurses
American nurses
Portland Community College alumni
Reed College alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%20Keeslar |
The Hay Festival of Literature & Arts, better known as the Hay Festival (), is an annual literature festival held in Hay-on-Wye, Powys, Wales, for 10 days from May to June. Devised by Norman, Rhoda and Peter Florence in 1988, the festival was described by Bill Clinton in 2001 as "The Woodstock of the mind". Tony Benn said: "In my mind it's replaced Christmas".
It has become a prominent festival in British culture, and sessions at the festival have been recorded for television and radio programmes such as The Readers' and Writers' Roadshow and The One Show. All the BBC's national radio channels apart from Radio One have been involved in broadcasting from the festival, and Sky Arts showed highlights of the festival from 2010 until 2013, handing over the main coverage to the BBC for the 2014 event.
History
The festival was founded in 1988 by Peter Florence and his parents Rhoda and Norman. Hay-on-Wye was already well known for its many bookshops before the festival was launched. Richard Booth opened his first shop there in 1962, and by the 1970s Hay had gained the nickname "The Town of Books". From its inception, the festival was held at a variety of venues around Hay, including the local primary school, until 2005 when it moved to a unified location just south of the town.
The Guardian was the main sponsor of the festival from 2002 to 2010, succeeding The Sunday Times. The Daily Telegraph and its associated brands in Telegraph Media Group had two terms as three-year sponsors, starting with the 2011 festival. From 2017, the Tata Group and Baillie Gifford are among the principal sponsors, along with the BBC and many non-media companies such as the Arts Council of Wales and the British Council.
Cristina Fuentes La Roche has been the International Director at Hay Festival since 2005.
The festival has expanded over the years to include musical performances and film previews. A children's festival, "Hay Fever", runs alongside the main festival. It has also expanded internationally and sister festivals take place in Aarhus, Arequipa, Nairobi, Dhaka, Zacatecas, the Maldives, Kerala at Thiruvananthapuram, Beirut, Belfast, Cartagena, the Alhambra Palace, Parc Prison in Bridgend and Segovia. In 2009 Hay Festival also took on the ailing Brecon Jazz Festival. It is run by a not-for-profit company, and entrance is free to everyone.
The 2012 festival included writers Martin Amis, Jung Chang, Louis de Bernières, Mark Haddon, Mario Vargas Llosa, Hilary Mantel, Ian McEwan, Michael Morpurgo, Ben Okri, Ian Rankin, Salman Rushdie, Owen Sheers, Jeanette Winterson, comedians Bill Bailey, Rob Brydon, Julian Clary, Jack Dee, Tim Minchin, politicians Peter Hain and Boris Johnson, scientists John D. Barrow, Martin Rees, Simon Singh, and general speakers Harry Belafonte, William Dalrymple, Stephen Fry, A. C. Grayling, Germaine Greer, Michael Ignatieff, and David Starkey.
In 2020 the festival was held digitally online due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
In late July 2021, co-founder and director Peter Florence resigned following an independent investigation that upheld a complaint of bullying against him. Florence had been suspended in October 2020. He commented: "I consider that my role had become untenable due to the conduct of the board and its insistence on holding a disciplinary hearing in my absence whilst I was off sick after a breakdown."
Awards for the festival
The Hay Festival was one of 11 Welsh winners of The Queen's Awards for Enterprise for 2009. The 2009 festival included writers Carol Ann Duffy, David Simon, Stephen Fry, David Nicholls, Jenny Valentine and Melvyn Bragg, scientists Martin Rees and Sabine Bahn, economists Anthony Giddens, Nicholas Stern, Howard Davies and Danny Quah, comedians Dylan Moran, Dara Ó Briain and Sandi Toksvig, and general speakers David Frost, Desmond Tutu, Rowan Williams and Rhodri Morgan.
Eccles Centre & Hay Festival Writer's Award
The Eccles Centre & Hay Festival Writer's Award is given annually to two writers to support their work on a forthcoming book, either fiction or non-fiction, relating to the Americas. It is supported by the British Library's Eccles Centre for American Studies. The winners each receive £20,000, divided into four quarterly grants, and have a research residency at the Eccles Centre, with curatorial support, and opportunities to promote their work at Hay Festival events in the UK and elsewhere.
Abu Dhabi controversies
Some of the biggest NGOs and some bestselling authors signed a letter condemning the abuse of free speech in Abu Dhabi as the 2020 Abu Dhabi Hay Festival commenced in Abu Dhabi in February of that year. Authors who signed the letter included such well-known figures as Stephen Fry, Noam Chomsky, Jung Chang and Bernardine Evaristo. NGOs such as Amnesty International and PEN International condemned the abuse of free speech in the United Arab Emirates, which led to the arrest and abuse of human rights advocate Ahmed Mansoor. By the time of the festival, he was being held in solitary confinement and had been sentenced to serve a 10-year prison term.
The festival's chair, Caroline Michel stated on 18 October 2020 that the event would not return to Abu Dhabi, as a mark of support for an allegation by the festival’s curator, Caitlin McNamara, of sexual assault by the tolerance minister of UAE, Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan. McNamara claimed that she had been assaulted by the minister when they met at a remote island villa in February 2019 concerning work. The Emirati Foreign Ministry declined to comment on personal matters. When reached out to, Britain's Metropolitan Police confirmed having received a report of alleged rape from a woman on July 3. In November 2020, Caitlin McNamara vowed to fight on following the CPS October 2020 decision not to prosecute the UAE minister because the alleged attack was said to have occurred outside its jurisdiction. McNamara said that this decision sent a message to Sheikh Nahyan and others who commit similar crimes "that as long as they're of economic value to the UK, they can do whatever they want". In an interview with The Sunday Times McNamara said she felt "abandoned" by the Hay Festival, and in an interview on Channel 4 stated that "mistakes" had been made in the way the festival handled her reporting the sexual assault to them which had been "very distressing" to her.
Gallery
Hay Festival 2016
See also
Book trade in the United Kingdom
Books in the United Kingdom
References
External links
Hay Festival homepage
1988 establishments in Wales
Annual events in Wales
Cultural festivals in Wales
Festivals established in 1988
Festivals in Wales
Hay-on-Wye
Literary festivals in Wales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay%20Festival |
The Chevrolet Engineering Research Vehicle (CERV) is a series of Chevrolet experimental cars. Chevrolet Staff engineer, designer, and race car driver Zora Arkus-Duntov started development of the CERV I in 1959, and began work on the CERV II in 1963. Chevrolet chief engineer Don Runkle and Lotus' Tony Rudd discussed creating a new show car to demonstrate their engineering expertise in 1985; It would become the CERV III. Corvette chief engineer Dave Hill unveiled the CERV IV in 1993, a test vehicle for the 1997 C5 Corvette.
CERV I
Overview
Zora Arkus-Duntov, Chevrolet staff engineer, designer, and race car driver, started development of the "CERV I" (Chevrolet Experimental Racing Vehicle) in 1959, which was unveiled to the public at the Riverside International Raceway November 1960, under the name "CERV I" (Chevrolet Experimental Research Vehicle).
CERV-I (Chevrolet Engineering Research Vehicle) was developed as a research tool for that company's continuous efforts to understand automotive ride and handling phenomena under the most realistic conditions. The car was built at the Chevrolet Engineering Center at Warren, Michigan. The primary function of the "CERV-1", was to provide Chevrolet engineers with a test platform from which direct visual studies were made from all types of ride and handling behavior under amplified conditions.
The stated function of the "CERV-1" largely determines its concept and final configuration. In order to realistically amplify vehicle responses to handling and road stimuli, the performance capability of the vehicle must be extended far beyond that of regular passenger cars. In other words, a high power-to-weight ratio is mandatory. By such means, suspension phenomena that are extremely subtle, and thus difficult to isolate within the performance capabilities of a regular passenger car, may be studied and treated quantitatively with the "CERV-1". Another fundamental factor in the experimental car's design is the visibility afforded by the body design. The streamlined, abbreviated body encloses the engine, transaxle, engine cooling system, and provide an open cockpit for the driver, from which all four wheels, in contact with the ground, are clearly visible. Some broad features of the "CERV-I" are: extremely light weight to afford a horsepower-to-weight ratio such as that usually associated with high performance aircraft; rear mounted engine in unit with a fully synchronized four-speed transaxle; the only passenger, the driver, sits well forward on the centerline of the car for virtually optimum visibility, and all four wheels are independently suspended to provide a high order of stability and positive handling.
The wheelbase is and the car weighs approximately , ready to run. The chassis is an extremely stiff frame of chrome-molybdenum steel tubes welded into a truss-like structure weighing approximately . The lightweight body (approximately ) is aerodynamically styled and fully encloses the underside of the car. The body is fabricated of a glass fiber reinforced plastic somewhat thinner than that used in the Corvette body. The wheels are completely exposed to permit visual observation of tire-to-road contact during handling studies.
Powertrain
Power for the "CERV-I" is supplied by a specially developed, lightweight version of the Chevrolet 283-cubic-inch. V-8 that develops and weighs only . Such specific output, only one pound per horsepower, is rarely achieved in reciprocating engines, even in the most highly developed aircraft types. The dramatic reduction of weight was gained by using aluminum for the cylinder block, cylinder heads, water pump, starter motor body, flywheel, and clutch pressure plate. In the cylinder block, no bore liners are used and the pistons run directly on specially treated aluminum bores. Magnesium is used for the clutch housing, fuel injection manifold, and manifold adapter plate. Weight savings achieved through the use of lighter metals in the engine and clutch is in excess of .
A number of special design features help the engine to develop . A special fuel injection unit has ram tubes of larger cross section and 2510 longer than those of the regular production design. Individual exhaust pipes of a tuned length empty into large collector pipes and no mufflers are used. No cooling fan is required or used, and the water pump speed is reduced 30% by the use of a smaller crankshaft pulley. A small, 5-ampere generator is used in conjunction with a lightweight aircraft type battery In addition to the aluminum water pump mentioned previously, the engine cooling system consists of an aluminum radiator mounted forward of the driver, and two oil cooler radiators mounted one on each side of the main radiator.
Power from the engine is transmitted in a conventional manner through the lightweight flywheel, clutch, and Corvette type four-speed transmission. Attaching directly to the rear end of the transmission case is the differential and final drive gear mechanism. A feature of the final drive gears is the ability to quickly change ratios so that vehicle performance can be as quickly tailored to a new environment. Power transmission to the wheels is completed through individual axle shafts with universal joints on each end, or a total of four in-all.
In 1972, Hot Rod magazine tested a prototype Chevrolet Vega featuring the all-aluminum V8. The fitted engine was the last of several units used in the CERV I Corvette research and development in the late 1950s, bored out to for the Vega application. Hot Rods road test of the prototype with Turbo Hydramatic, stock Vega differential, and street tires yielded quarter mile (~400 m) times under 14 seconds.
Suspension, steering, and brakes
The interesting rear suspension permits independent action of each wheel. Vertical movements of the wheels are controlled by two links, in which the upper link doubles as the axle shaft; and a rod, rubber bushed on each end as the lower. A third link runs from each rear wheel hub forward to the frame to transmit driving and braking thrust. Variable rate coil springs unitized with direct, double-acting shock absorbers are diagonally mounted at each rear wheel. Adjustment provisions in the rear suspension linkage permit variations in camber and toe-in to facilitate engineering studies. Front suspension is independent with high roll center geometry, and also utilizes unitized variable rate coil springs and shock absorbers as in the rear suspension. An 11/16" stabilizer bar interconnects the front wheels. The independent rear suspension design became the basis of the 1963 Corvette Sting Ray suspension. So that weight distribution during tests shall vary little if any, two fuel cells of rubber construction and total capacity of 20 gallons, are located on either side of the "CERV-I" at approximately the fore and aft location of the center of gravity. Thus, the amount of fuel in the tanks at any given moment will have virtually no effect on weight distribution.
Brakes on the "CERV-I" are similar to the HD type available on the Chevrolet Corvette. Sintered iron linings are used with fin cooled drums, and the brake drum webs are lightened by drilled lightening holes which also permit the flow of cooling air. The brake drums are cast aluminum with cast-in iron braking surfaces. The rear brakes are inboard mounted next to the differential so that braking torque is transmitted directly to the frame without influencing any of the rear wheel articulating members. Braking effort distribution is 57% front and 43% rear to take advantage of the superior braking characteristics of the weight distribution afforded by the rear engine type vehicle. The brakes may be actuated by either one of two pedals so that the driver may use either foot depending on the particular driving situation. An unusual brake master cylinder utilizes two pistons operating in series so that if either the front or rear brakes fail the remaining brakes can be actuated.
The steering system features a high-efficiency re-circulating ball type steering gear of 12:1 ratio. Steering linkage is forward mounted and is of a balanced relay link type. The overall steering ratio is a very fast 13.5:1 and only 2 1/4 turns of the steering wheel are required from lock-to-lock. Wheels are of cast magnesium alloy with knock-off hubs to facilitate quick changing. Wheels of 15", 16", 17" and 18" diameters with rim width of 5½", 6", and 8" are used.
CERV II
Zora Arkus-Duntov began work on the CERV II in 1963, which was completed in 1964. The original plan was to build six cars, three for competition and three spares. The body was styled by Larry Shinoda and Tony Lapine.
To achieve superior performance, the car was built on a monocoque chassis, powered by a 377 ci all-aluminum SOHC V8 with Hilborn injection rated at . Some test results indicated it had a top speed of , and 0-60 mph in 2.8 to 3.0 seconds. Transmission is a 2-speed on each of the front and rear axles, with transferable torque between axles. The top speed was reported by Victory By Design to be . In 1970, CERV II was used to test tire with a ZL-1 engine. This vehicle and the CERV I were later donated to the Briggs Cunningham Museum, in Costa Mesa, California.
The 1964 CERV II chassis number P-3910 (with engine number T1212E 2-92199-A, previously owned by the Briggs Cunningham Museum, Miles Collier Jr., John Moores) was sold in 2013 RM New York auction for $1,000,000 ($1,100,000 after buyer's premium).
CERV III
The project would become the CERV III (Corporate Engineering Research Vehicle III) was first unveiled at Detroit Automobile Show in January 1986 as the "Corvette Indy" prototype car. The vehicle featured 4-wheel drive, 4-wheel steering, and CRT cockpit screens. The vehicle was styled by Chief of Chevy III Studio, Jerry Palmer.
In January 1990, CERV III (No. 3) made its debut at the International Auto Show in Detroit. The car's mid-mounted V-8 is a 5.7-liter 32-valve, dual-overhead cam LT5, with twin turbos and internal modifications, giving it , - torque, and a top speed of . The car was made of carbon fiber with a fiberglass-finish coating, with estimated price of $300k-400k. Other standard features include computer-controlled active suspension system, ABS braking and traction control, six-speed automatic transmission, all-wheel-drive and four-wheel steering along with a fully multiplexed electrical architecture.
CERV III (No. 3) is a playable car in the PC game Test Drive III, under the name 'Chevrolet Cerv III', where CERV means 'Corporate Experimental Research Vehicle'.
CERV-IV
In December 1992, General Motors' Corvette group secretly contracted with TDM, Inc. to build a test car of the 1997 Corvette, which was officially called CERV-4 (Corvette Engineering Research Vehicle). The Corvette group directed the project, with the Chevrolet division paying for it. General Motors management was not told about it, for fear of cancellation. It was unveiled by Corvette chief engineer Dave Hill on 1993-5-3 at the General Motors Technical Center in Warren. The build cost was about US$1.2 million.
CERV IV-B (1997)
It was a test mule vehicle for the upcoming Chevrolet Corvette C5. It includes 5.7L LT-1 V8 engine, 6-speed manual transmission axle, 4-wheel disc brakes, front 255/45ZR17 and rear 285/40ZR17 tires on BBS basket wheels, side curtains, no side window glass, and a modified production interior.
The vehicle was sold in 2009 Barrett-Jackson Palm Beach auction for $34000 (before buyer premium). This car is currently on display in Effingham, IL at the MY Garage Museum owned by Michael and Blake Yager.
References
External links
Chronology of Events in the History of Corvettes
Chevrolet Corvette CERV specifications: CERV I, CERV II, CERV III
CERV
CERV | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet%20Engineering%20Research%20Vehicle |
Zhao Fan ( 200s–210s) was a government official and minor warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.
Life
Little is recorded about Zhao Fan in history, except that he was already serving as the Administrator (太守) of Guiyang Commandery (桂陽郡; around present-day Chenzhou, Hunan) around 208 and 209. In 209, the warlord Liu Bei led his forces to conquer the four commanderies in southern Jing Province: Wuling, Lingling, Changsha and Guiyang. The administrators of all four commanderies surrendered to him.
Liu Bei appointed his general Zhao Yun to replace Zhao Fan as the Administrator of Guiyang Commandery. Zhao Fan had a widowed elder sister-in-law, Lady Fan (樊氏), who was known for her beauty, and he wanted to arrange for a marriage between her and Zhao Yun. However, Zhao Yun declined, "I share the same family name as you. Your elder brother is also like an elder brother to me." There were some people who urged Zhao Yun to accept the marriage, but he said, "Zhao Fan was forced to surrender, so his intentions are unclear. They're so many other women in this world." Not long later, Zhao Fan escaped, and Zhao Yun was able to avoid any association with him because he did not agree to the marriage.
In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhao Fan tries to arrange for Zhao Yun to marry his widowed elder sister-in-law. In the novel, however, Zhao Yun rejects the offer because he has become sworn brothers with Zhao Fan, so it is inappropriate for him to marry his sworn brother's sister-in-law.
See also
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
References
Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo Yanyi).
Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
Han dynasty warlords | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhao%20Fan |
St. John's Preparatory School is a grade 6–12 private, Catholic, all-boys college-preparatory school located at 72 Spring Street, Danvers, Massachusetts, United States. It was established in 1907 by the Xaverian Brothers.
St. John's was formerly a combination commuter-boarding school but ended its residential program in 1975.
Campus
St. John's Preparatory school is located in the town of Danvers, Massachusetts, about north of Boston. The school is spread out over of wooded, residential land. The student population spends the majority of its time in the four main academic buildings:
A.E. Studzinski Library (2003)
Xavier Hall (built 1911; renovated 2004–05)
Brother Benjamin Hall (1964; renovated in 2015 to house the middle school)
Brother Keefe, CFX Academic Center (2015)
Other buildings of note include:
The Administration Building (1880), which includes a chapel
Ryken Center for the Arts (1916; renovated 1995), a former dormitory building that has been renovated into a fine arts facility
Memorial Dining Hall (1925; renovated in 2007), the cafeteria
Alumni Hall (1965; renovated in 1993), home to the 350-seat Kaneb Theatre
Memorial Gymnasium (1955; renovated 1991)
Leo and Joan Mahoney Wellness Center (2017)
Also on the property of St. John's are two homes for Xaverian Brothers:
Xaverian House
The Xavier Center
School life
Athletics
St. John's Prep is a member of the MIAA's Catholic Conference. The other members of the Catholic Conference include Malden Catholic High School, Boston College High School, and Catholic Memorial High School. St. John's is the sixth team in the conference in some sports.
Since 2001, the swim and dive team has won twelve Division-1 State Titles, including nine in a row between 2006 and 2014, with the most recent title in 2022. The fencing team won their 6th straight state championship and went undefeated in the 2009–2010 season.
The golf team won the state championship in the fall of 2010 and 2015, and came in second place in 2011 following a league title.
In 2012, 2018, and 2019 the varsity football team won the state title in the MIAA Division 1 championship. The hockey team won the Super 8 state title in 2015 and the state championship in 2022 against their rivals Xaverian Brothers High School. The Cross Country team claimed the Division 1 state title in 2019.
Drama Guild
The St. John's Prep Drama Guild presents two major productions a year: a fall production, and in the spring, an entry into the Massachusetts State Drama Festival. Through the rigorous drama classes offered through the Fine Arts Department, students gain an understanding of the inner-workings of theater which is then applied in the productions. Recent fall productions include Peter and the Starcatchers, Beauty and the Beast, Anonymous, Young Frankenstein, One Man Two Guvnors, Spamalot, The Laramie Project, How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, The Last Days of Judas Iscariot, Animal Crackers, On the Razzle and Crazy for You.
The St. John's Prep Drama Guild is currently in first place for all time victories in the Massachusetts State Drama Festival (presented by the METG), with 19 wins. Their participation in the festival began in 1974 under the direction of Brother Ron Santoro, and is now currently under the direction of Alicia Greenwood. Their first winning production was Molière's The Doctor in Spite of Himself in 1974. Recent festival entries include Gross Indecency: The Three Trials of Oscar Wild, Borealis, Iphigenia 2.0, The Quest of Queen Thomas, And God Created Great Whales, Metamorphoses, bobrauschenbergamerica, Macbeth, The Manhattan Project's Alice in Wonderland, The Green Bird, Richard III and The Odyssey. The Drama Guild won the Massachusetts's Educational Theatre Guild's 2017 Drama Festival with their production of The Quest of Queen Thomas by Brit Christopher, directed by Alicia Greenwood. They have also represented the state at the New England Festival on numerous occasions.
The St. John's Prep Drama Guild has two to three summer productions a year. Recent summer shows include Much Ado About Nothing, The Sparrow, and Middletown. These shows are often directed by alumni who have graduated from the St. John's Prep Drama Guild.
Clubs and Extracurriculars
St. John's is the home of more than 60 clubs and extracurricular activities. While faculty moderators are present, many of these groups are run solely by the students. The clubs include academic organizations, such as The Spire yearbook staff, The Concordia newspaper, and the Cicero Society debating club. Recreational clubs include the Improv Club and the Aviation Club. St. John's also has many clubs that help further prepare students for life after college, such as the Young Democrats, Young Republicans, Model United Nations, Mock Trial (model court hearing), Animal Welfare Club, and Future Entrepreneurs. There is also an Aviation Club managed by former principal Br. Timothy Paul. Minority outreach clubs exist as well, such as L.U.N.A. (Latinos Unidos "N" Accion) and Always our Brothers and Sisters, St. John's Prep's Gay/Straight Alliance. Many fine arts activities are offered, including after-school music lessons and the award-winning Drama Guild, Swingtown!, the Prep's faculty-student a cappella group.
Notable alumni
Bo Burnham, writer/director of Eighth Grade, comedian
Sandro Corsaro, Emmy-nominated TV show creator/producer
Peter R. Dolan, (2007 DAA) '74, retired chairman of the board and chief executive officer, Bristol-Myers Squibb
Thomas Fulham, president of Suffolk University in Boston
Andrew Haldane, World War II Marine officer
Michael J. Harrington, former United States Congressman
Troy Lavallee, member of The Glass Cannon (podcast)
The Juan Maclean, electronic musician
Michael McCann, attorney, professor, sports journalist
Rob Kerkovich, actor, NCIS: New Orleans, Cloverfield
Anthony Polcari, 'Tony P in DC,' Influencer, Motivational Speaker, Anti-Racist, ,
Bishop Robert Reed, (2017 DAA) '77, Auxiliary Bishop of Boston and President/CEO of the CatholicTV Network
David Self, screenwriter, The Road to Perdition, The Wolfman
John J. Studzinski, (1998 DAA) '74, Vice Chairman of Investor Relations and Business Development at The Blackstone Group; philanthropist
Peter G. Torkildsen, former United States Congressman, former Chairman of Massachusetts Republican Party
Sports
Matt Antonelli, baseball player for Wake Forest; first-round draft pick, San Diego Padres
Colin Blackwell, professional hockey player for the Toronto Maple Leafs
Bob Carpenter, first American-born hockey player drafted by an NHL team while still in high school
Pat Connaughton, professional baseball and basketball player, Milwaukee Bucks
Dick Farley, former Williams College football coach and College Football Hall of Fame inductee
Peter Giunta, secondary coach, New York Giants
Jonathan Goff, football player, Vanderbilt University, New York Giants
Ken Hodge, Jr., former NHL player with Boston, Tampa Bay and Minnesota
Brian Kelly, Louisiana State University head football coach
Rob Konrad, professional football player
Steven Langton, 2x Olympic bronze medalist, bobsled
Stephen Lombardozzi, second baseman for 1987 World Series champion Minnesota Twins; leading hitter of series (.412) with home run in Game 2
Wayne Lucier, former professional football player
John McCarthy, professional hockey player, San Jose Sharks
Joe Mulligan, former MLB player (Boston Red Sox)
Danny Murphy, former MLB player (Chicago Cubs, Chicago White Sox)
Tim Murray, professional soccer player
Bill O'Brien, (2013 DAA) '88, former NCAA and NFL head coach
James Pedro, Olympic bronze medalist, judo
Brian Pinho, NHL player with the Washington Capitals
Scott Shaunessy, former NHL player with Quebec Nordiques
Glenn Sherlock, bullpen coach, Arizona Diamondbacks
Paul Sorrento, professional baseball player
Brian St. Pierre, professional football player
Mike Yastrzemski, professional baseball player, San Francisco Giants
References
External links
Catholic secondary schools in Massachusetts
Schools sponsored by the Xaverian Brothers
Catholic Conference (MIAA)
Educational institutions established in 1907
1907 establishments in Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20John%27s%20Preparatory%20School%20%28Massachusetts%29 |
State Route 294 (SR 294) is a state highway in southeastern Humboldt County, Nevada, United States, that runs along the northernmost part of Grass Valley Road and connects Winnemucca with the Grass Valley area south of the town.
Route description
SR 294 begins on Grass Valley Road at the Pershing County line in the northern part of the Grass Valley. (From Grass Valley Road, Muddy Road heads due east as a dirt road along the county line to end just short of the foothills the Sonoma Range and Power Line heads due west along the county line, also as a dirt road, to end at Herschell Road at the northeastern base of the East Range. Grass Valley Road continues south past the community of Grass Valley, through the Grass Valley, and on to the southern part of Pleasant Valley.) From its southern terminus, SR 294 heads north through the northern part of the Grass Valley, passing through agricultural and rural residences of the greater Winnemucca area. After about it comes to point about east-northeast of the Winnemucca Municipal Airport. There it has an intersection with Westmoreland Road (which heads due west to the airport). Near this intersection SR 294 turns easterly to run northeast and parallel to the Union Pacific Railroad tracks.
Development gradually increases near the highway as it parallels the railroad as they head northeast into the Winnemucca city limits. At an intersection with Hanson Street (the eastern terminus of Nevada State Route 787 [SR 787]), the route reaches its current northern terminus. (Hanson Street [SR 787] heads northwest to connect with U.S. Route 95/Interstate 80 Business [I‑80 Bus.] at the western terminus of SR 787. Hanson Street also continues easterly as city street through the southern part of the town to end at an intersection with South Highland Drive and Water Canyon Road.) Beyond the northern terminus, West Haskell Street continues northeast (along what was formerly also part of SR 294) to end at intersection with East Winnemucca Boulevard (State Route 794/I‑80 Bus.).
History
SR 294 became a state highway on March 26, 1981. The route originally continued north past its current northern terminus (and the eastern terminus of SR 787 [Hanson Street]) along West Haskell Road to end at East Winnemucca Boulevard (SR 794/I‑80 Bus.). This portion of the route was turned over to local control by 2017.
Major intersections
See also
List of state routes in Nevada
List of highways numbered 294
References
External links
294
Transportation in Humboldt County, Nevada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada%20State%20Route%20294 |
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a power automorphism of a group is an automorphism that takes each subgroup of the group to within itself. It is worth noting that the power automorphism of an infinite group may not restrict to an automorphism on each subgroup. For instance, the automorphism on rational numbers that sends each number to its double is a power automorphism even though it does not restrict to an automorphism on each subgroup.
Alternatively, power automorphisms are characterized as automorphisms that send each element of the group to some power of that element. This explains the choice of the term power. The power automorphisms of a group form a subgroup of the whole automorphism group. This subgroup is denoted as where is the group.
A universal power automorphism is a power automorphism where the power to which each element is raised is the same. For instance, each element may go to its cube. Here are some facts about the powering index:
The powering index must be relatively prime to the order of each element. In particular, it must be relatively prime to the order of the group, if the group is finite.
If the group is abelian, any powering index works.
If the powering index 2 or -1 works, then the group is abelian.
The group of power automorphisms commutes with the group of inner automorphisms when viewed as subgroups of the automorphism group. Thus, in particular, power automorphisms that are also inner must arise as conjugations by elements in the second group of the upper central series.
References
Subgroup lattices of groups by Roland Schmidt (PDF file)
Group theory
Group automorphisms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20automorphism |
"I'm Feeling You" is a song recorded by Santana with The Wreckers (Michelle Branch and Jessica Harp) for Santana's 2005 album All That I Am. The song was written and produced by Kara DioGuardi and John Shanks, with Branch credited as a co-writer at the label's request. "I'm Feeling You" was Santana's second collaboration with Branch, the first being "The Game of Love" (2002).
An accompanying music video directed by The Malloys showed Branch and Carlos Santana singing onstage of a party, with Jessica Harp singing background. The single reached number fifty-five on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and performed best on adult contemporary radio formats, reaching numbers five and six on the Billboard Adult Contemporary and Adult Top 40 charts, respectively.
Background
On a message posted to her message board on 6 December 2005, Branch expresses her dissatisfaction with being associated with the record. She asserts that she was "pressured" by her record company, Maverick Records, to sing on the track, with Jessica Harp being similarly pushed into it so that Maverick could promote Branch and Harp's country music duo, The Wreckers. Branch also claims that she did not do any writing for the song, asserting that her name in the writing credits was used by John Shanks as a "bargaining tool."
Critical reception
David Browne of Entertainment Weekly described parent album All That I Am as "stupendously pedestrian" in the outlet's review of the album and described "I'm Feeling You" specifically as "desperate-housewife pop." Mark Kemp of Paste similarly derided the "messy" formula of the album, and wrote that listeners "won't be feelin' the first single, a gooey pop duet with Michelle Branch called "I'm Feeling You.""
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2005 singles
Santana (band) songs
Jessica Harp songs
Michelle Branch songs
The Wreckers songs
Song recordings produced by John Shanks
Songs written by Kara DioGuardi
Songs written by John Shanks
Songs written by Michelle Branch
Music videos directed by The Malloys
2005 songs
Arista Records singles
Maverick Records singles
Song recordings produced by Kara DioGuardi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20Feeling%20You |
Jeff(rey) or Geoff(rey) Chapman may refer to:
Jeff Chapman a.k.a. Ninjalicious (1973–2005), Canadian urban explorer and fountaineer
Jeff Chapman (politician) (born 1959), American state senator
Jeff Chapman (singer) (born 1969), American Gospel singer
Jeff Chapman (footballer) (born 1948), Australian rules footballer
Jeffrey Chapman (lawyer) (born 1958), American attorney
Geoffrey Chapman (1930–2010), publisher
See also
Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman (born 1984), Canadian-American actor and fashion model | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Chapman |
WHLX (1590 AM) is an Americana radio station licensed to Marine City, Michigan, with a power output of 1,000 watts day, 102 watts night. The station is owned by Radio First and broadcasts from studios on Huron Avenue in Downtown Port Huron. Its programming is also simulcasted on FM Translator W224DT, licensed to Port Huron, Michigan at 92.7 MHz, with an effective radiated power of 125 watts. The station currently brands itself as Country, Rock, and Folk 92.7 WHLX The Hills.
History
The station started as WSDC in 1951, then WDOG and later became WSMA with country music.
Early years
The history of this station dates back to December 1947, when Radio St. Clair applied for a construction permit for the station to be built in Algonac, Michigan, about 15 miles south of Marine City, and to operate at a power of 500 watts. The permit was amended the following year to change its proposed city of license from Algonac to Marine City. The year after that, the land on which to build the transmitter facility along Marine City highway was selected, and the license was amended to reflect a power increase from 500 to 1,000 watts, and to adopt a two-tower directional antenna pattern.
WHLX went on the air on December 10, 1951 with the call letters WSDC, operating from its transmitter facility at 5300 Marine City Highway, on the outskirts of Marine City. Doing business as Radio St. Clair, Inc., Jerry Coughlin served as the station's first president and general manager.
By 1954, Coughlin had turned the duties of general manager to sales director John Bell and renamed the station WDOG. Fred Cale assumed sales and management duties by 1960.
Failed Move Attempt
In November 1963, Radio St. Clair applied for a construction permit to move the station closer to Detroit. The proposed site was located at 2676 Ten Mile Road in Warren, currently the site of Central Industrial Park. Radio St. Clair also petitioned for a power increase from 1,000 to 5,000 watts as well as a modified directional antenna system that would have included a three-tower system. The FCC returned the application a year later, on the grounds of frequency overlap restrictions. Radio St. Clair requested a waiver, which was denied as was the construction permit for the move.
First sale
In November 1966, Radio St. Clair agreed to sell WDOG to Sommerville Broadcasting Company, owned by Richard S. and Letty J. Sommerville, which was approved by the FCC in February 1967. Later that year, the station, which up to that point, had been licensed to operate only from sunrise to sunset, was granted pre-sunrise authority of 500 watts, which allowed it to sign on two hours prior to local sunrise.
Sommerville also renamed the station WSMA, and adopted a country music format. It maintained this format and call sign for the next 26 years.
A disadvantage that the station had for much of its history was its geographic separation from more profitable markets. Located about 12 miles from any kind of urban sprawl, it had difficulty attaching itself to another community for more profit potential, as retail business in tiny Marine City was unable to provide a steady source of revenue, even during AM's halcyon years. For a time, WSMA maintained a small sales office in Port Huron, across the street from competitors WHLS and WSAQ. Despite the challenges, WSMA produced a modest profit during its early years.
The Port Huron office closed when the station began to fail in the late 1980s, not long after coming under the control of a new owner.
Those failures arose out of an overall lack of dependability of the station, often shutting down operations at sunset (even after being granted nighttime power authorization), and sometimes not going on air at all during holidays and some weekends.
Second sale
On May 17, 1987, Richard S. Sommerville, who by this time owned WCEN-AM-FM in Mount Pleasant, sold WSMA to Frink, Inc., under a land contract agreement to pay for the station in monthly installments of $1,845. However, in a letter to the FCC dated November 7, 1990, Washington attorney Earl Stanley stated that Sommerville resumed control of WSMA after Frink Inc. failed to meet its financial obligations, prompting a foreclosure civil action in the Circuit Court of St. Clair County.
Frink Inc. was declared in default on May 7, 1990, and was given 180 days to bring its monetary obligations to Sommerville from that date. Frink was required to pay more than $30,000 in unpaid promissory note payments and real estate taxes, according to court papers, putting its total amount owed to more than $150,000. The debts were not satisfied, and as of November 3, 1990, the 181st day of the notice, Sommerville recaptured the license, and assumed the role of trustee.
Reborn: WIFN
Hoping to restore WSMA to its former glory, broadcasters David Barr and Rick Schremp formed Barr/Schremp Communications in 1993 and took control of WSMA that year. Coincidentally, Barr's father William was the former owner of WATC AM 900 & WZXM FM 95.3 (now 101.5 WMJZ) in Gaylord, 220 miles north of Detroit, before selling it in 1986.
Barr/Schremp Communications changed the station's call letters to WIFN, and began a gradual phase-out of the country music format in favor of personality talk. Under the new format, the station bore such talents such as G. Gordon Liddy, Larry King, Chuck Harder and Sports Byline USA. Ken Hawk and Dave Haze handled news duties, with Marty Simmonds serving as sports director. The station experienced an increase in revenue under the new format and owners.
Barr and Schremp dissolved their partnership two years after taking control of WIFN, with Schremp pursuing other interests. In 1997 Barr sold the station to Hanson Communications, then-licensee of WPHM and WBTI in Port Huron, one of WIFN's longtime competitors. Given multiple job offers after the sale, Barr then moved north to Traverse City, where he assumed a promotions and marketing role with country music powerhouse WTCM.
"Real Country"
Following completion of the sale in late 1997, country music returned with "Real Country" via satellite from the ABC/SMN radio network, after a brief period of simulcasting with CHR/Hot AC sister station WBTI 96.9 FM. WIFN became WHYT (picking up the calls dumped by Detroit's 96.3 FM, now WDVD) under the "Real Country" format. Hanson Communications also moved the station's on-air operations from its longtime location at 5300 Marine City Highway to its main base of operations at 2379 Military Street in Port Huron.
Most administrative functions were handled by the existing staff of Hanson Communications, and Hanson's sales force dedicated their same aggression to selling WHYT as they did their two other properties.
By 2000, Hanson Communications sold 1590 WHYT to Liggett Communications (now Radio First). Liggett, who was also in the process of acquiring Hanson's competitor, WHLS and WSAQ, decided to co-locate all five stations at 808 Huron Street, which was the main base of operations for WHLS and WSAQ, and had enough space for expansion, unlike the Military Street facility.
WHLS simulcast
Recognizing the opportunity to extend WHLS's signal to the southern Thumb area of Michigan, Liggett Communications abandoned the "Real Country" format and moniker, and simulcast WHLS's programming. WHYT changed its call letters to WHLX, to more closely match that of its sister station. The move allowed WHLS to be heard as far south as Warren, Michigan in Macomb County and as far north as Sandusky, Michigan in Sanilac County. Its directional covers most of Macomb County, eastern Lapeer County, and most of Lambton County Ontario.
The station very briefly simulcasted WPHM Port Huron in late December 2017 but had reverted to the WHLS simulcast by mid-January 2018
WBTI simulcast
On August 31, 2018, WHLX started simulcasting WBTI. With WBTI simulcasting on WHLX, Liggett Communications has a WBTI on 3 frequencies as WHLX now has the translator W224DT transmitting on 92.7 in Port Huron. This has extended WBTI's reach from northern Lexington area down to Marine City/Algonac.
92.7 The Gift
On November 11, 2018, WHLX started airing a Christmas music format, branded as 92.7 The Gift, Port Huron's Christmas Station. This was also the first time WHLX had carried independent programming since its previous Real Country format as WHYT in 2000. Radio news website Radioinsight.com revealed that the Christmas format was a stunt, and that the station would flip to a new format after the holiday season.
92.7 WHLX The Hills
On January 7th, 2019, WHLX and its 92.7 translator reverted to a simulcast of sister station 96.9 WBTI. On March 1, 2019, a heartbeat sound effect began being played over the air. WHLX had again broken away from its simulcast for the final time. At 9:27AM that morning, WHLX then launched an adult album alternative/Americana format, branded as "92.7 The Hills". The first song on the new format was Turtles all the Way Down by Sturgill Simpson, followed by The Avett Brothers' Laundry Room.
Technical
WHLX covers the southern portion of St. Clair County and much of Macomb County, Michigan. WHLX broadcasts with 1,000 watts during the day and 102 watts after sunset to protect other larger AM radio stations. WHLX has a two-tower directional pattern pointed towards the north from a transmitter site located along Marine City Highway.
References
External links
FCC History Cards - WSMA
Michiguide.com - WHLX history
1952 Broadcasting Yearbook
1953 Broadcasting Yearbook
1960 Broadcasting Yearbook
1965 Broadcasting Yearbook
1978 Broadcasting Yearbook
HLX
Radio stations established in 1997
Americana radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHLX |
Miniature Machine Corporation (MMC) is a Nevada based corporation specializing in the design and manufacture of tactical weapons and weapon accessories.
Founded in 1959, the company is best known for their line of adjustable tactical sights used by military and law enforcement agencies throughout the world. The company also has purchased the inventory and patents of New Mexico-based Innovative Weaponry, Inc., including their PT Night Sights, a 1986 registered brand of tritium filled fixed tactical sights for application on semi-auto pistols, revolvers, rifles, and shotguns. The company has administrative and manufacturing facilities in the Las Vegas, Nevada.
Notes
Companies based in Enterprise, Nevada
Firearm manufacturers of the United States
Firearm sights | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature%20Machine%20Corporation |
The Hans and Pat Suter Wildlife Refuge is a wildlife refuge in Corpus Christi, Texas. The Refuge is located on the western shore of Oso Bay, on Ennis Joslin Road, near the Pharaoh Valley subdivision.
Birds
The Refuge is considered to be one of the best sea bird watching areas in the world. The nearby Pharaohs golf course also serves as a haven for coastal and migratory birds.
Some of the birds regularly found in the Refuge are
pelicans
herons
gulls
coots
egrets
spoonbills
and ducks.
Amenities
The Refuge has a pier for viewing the birds and a bike and hiking trail runs through it, meandering by native plants and running along the water. There are also grills and picnic tables in the park area.
See also
Protected area
South Texas
External links
Suter Wildlife Refuge - Corpus Christi, Texas, Waymark
Birdwatching sites in the United States
Landforms of Corpus Christi, Texas
Protected areas of Nueces County, Texas
Nature reserves in Texas
Wetlands of Texas
Wildlife sanctuaries of the United States
Bird sanctuaries of the United States
Tourist attractions in Corpus Christi, Texas
Landforms of Nueces County, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20and%20Pat%20Suter%20Wildlife%20Refuge |
Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace (BEM) was an organization opposed to the Vietnam War.
In September 1967 a group of nearly one thousand businessmen formed a national committee opposing United States participation in the Vietnam War. Henry E. Niles, board chairman of Baltimore Life Insurance Company, founded the national group.
In 1971, the Chicago Business Executives Move for Vietnam Peace honored Joan Baez with an award for her anti-war work.
Their work landed them on the master list of Nixon political opponents.
Although a non-partisan group, BEM voted to endorse all candidates supporting an end to the Vietnam War. The group became inactive after the war.
References
External links
BEM St. Louis records via University of Missouri–St. Louis
Anti–Vietnam War groups
1967 establishments in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business%20Executives%20Move%20for%20Vietnam%20Peace |
Edward Alexander (Ted) White (born 18 April 1949) is a Canadian former politician who served in the House of Commons of Canada from 1993 to 2004.
Born in Southampton, England, White was first elected in the North Vancouver riding in 1993 as a Reform Party of Canada candidate in the 35th Canadian Parliament. He was re-elected in 1997 and 2000. While a member of parliament, the Reform party became known as the Canadian Alliance party, then merge into the Conservative Party of Canada. White was defeated in the 2004 federal election by Liberal candidate Don Bell.
In the 1983 British Columbia provincial election, he was a candidate for the separatist Western Canada Concept party in the North Vancouver-Seymour riding.
Achievements
In June 1994 White was the first MP to use electronic voting to sample the opinions of constituents. He was criticized by opponents at the time because there was a charge to place the call to vote but White defended the charge as the only way to pay for the services being provided by Maritime Tel.
White was the Official Opposition Critic for a major overhaul of the Elections Act in late 1999. The only Official Opposition amendment to the Bill, C-2, permitted by the Minister at the time, the Hon. Don Boudria, was the insertion of Clause 18.1, which permitted Elections Canada to experiment with electronic voting methods. The provision had been pushed for by White throughout the Committee hearings, but was resisted by the Minister. Agreement for the insertion of the clause was reached on the evening of 1 December 1999, during a telephone discussion between White and Boudria. The clause remains intact with a minor wording change in Bill C-23, which was introduced during the 41st Parliament to amend the Elections Act.
Electory history
References
External links
Living people
1949 births
Canadian Alliance MPs
Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
Reform Party of Canada MPs
21st-century Canadian politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%20White%20%28politician%29 |
The William G. Mennen Sports Arena, commonly referred to as Mennen Arena, is a multi-purpose arena in Morris Township, New Jersey primarily used for ice hockey and other skating activities. The building houses three regulation-sized ice rinks. The main rink has seating for 2,500 spectators.
Usage
Mennen Arena is a facility of the Morris County Park Commission.
The venue is the main home ice rink for the New Jersey Colonials youth hockey program and the main training center for the Skating Club of Morris. Morris Rugby Corporation holds events at Mennen Arena. It is also the host rink for the County College of Morris hockey team as well as most of the public high school hockey teams in Morris County, New Jersey.
During the summer months the ice surface in the main rink is removed. The arena has hosted the Shrine Circus, dog shows, professional wrestling and MMA events such as Grapplers Quest and Cage Fury Fighting Championships (CFFC).
Mennen hosted one game for the New Jersey XTreme of the National Indoor Football League in 2005, and was formerly the home of the New Jersey Revolution of the American Indoor Football Association.
History
The Mennen Arena was built in 1973 on land donated by the Mennen Company, now part of Colgate-Palmolive. It was opened to the public on January 12, 1975. At that time, the facility consisted of one indoor multi-purpose arena with artificial ice in place for most of the year.
A second ice surface was added in an expansion building in 1986 and a third surface added in 2002.
References
External links
Mennen Sports Arena at Morris County Parks Commission
RinkAtlas listing for William G. Mennen Sports Arena
Indoor arenas in New Jersey
Sports venues in New Jersey
Indoor ice hockey venues in the United States
1975 establishments in New Jersey
Sports venues completed in 1975
Figure skating venues in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mennen%20Arena |
Mouzinho de Albuquerque is the surname of a prominent Portuguese family of the 19th century. Its members included:
João Pedro Mouzinho de Albuquerque (1736–1802), nobleman
Luís da Silva Mouzinho de Albuquerque (1792–1846), son of João Pedro, military officer, poet, engineer, scientist, liberal politician and statesman
João Mouzinho de Albuquerque (1797–1881), son of João Pedro, writer and administrator
Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho de Albuquerque (1855–1902), grandson of Luís da Silva, military officer and African expeditionary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouzinho%20de%20Albuquerque |
The lich is an undead creature found in the Dungeons & Dragons (D&D) fantasy role-playing game. Liches are spellcasters who seek to defy death by magical means.
The term derives from lich, an archaic term for a corpse. Dungeons & Dragons co-creator Gary Gygax stated that he based the description of a lich included in the game on the short story "The Sword of the Sorcerer" (1969) by Gardner Fox.
Publication history
The lich was one of the earliest creatures introduced in the Dungeons & Dragons game.
Dungeons & Dragons (1974–1976)
For the original D&D rule set, the lich was introduced in its first supplement, Greyhawk (1975). It is described simply as a skeletal monster that was formerly a magic-user or a magic-user/cleric in life and retains those abilities, able to send lower-level characters fleeing in fear.
The lich's interaction with the Psionics rules and the iconic lich Vecna were described in Supplement III: Eldritch Wizardry (1976).
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition (1977–1988)
In AD&D 1st edition, the lich appears in the first edition Monster Manual (1977), where it is given more detailed description; including a brief, cryptic note of having reached "a non-human, non-living existence through force of will. It retains this status by certain conjurations, enchantments, and a phylactery." The nature and function of this phylactery was not explained, though the word exists in the real world, where phylactery has several meanings, including a box of Jewish prayer verses or Christian relics.
Len Lakofka's article "Blueprint for a Lich," in Dragon #26 (1979), describes a formula for transforming a spellcaster into a lich. This introduced the idea that the Lich stored its soul in a "jar", although the word phylactery was not used.
Another form of lich, the demilich, was introduced in Tomb of Horrors (1978) and later appeared in The Lost Caverns of Tsojcanth (1982) and then Monster Manual II (1983).
Endless Quest gamebook Lair of the Lich (1985) combines this phylactery and soul jar concept.
Detailed description of a Potion of Lichdom used to create liches was given in Lords of Darkness (1988). Though similar to the description in "Blueprint For a Lich", this version is described as preparing a "magical phylactery" rather than simply a "jar".
Dungeons & Dragons (1977–1999)
The D&D Basic Set included its own version of the lich, in the D&D Master Rules (1985), in the "Master DM's Book". This version has no mention of a phylactery or similar, but can be a cleric.<ref>Gygax, Gary, Frank Mentzer. Dungeons & Dragons Set 4: Master Rules (TSR, 1985)</ref> This entry was duplicated in the D&D Rules Cyclopedia (1991).
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition (1989–1999)
In AD&D 2nd edition, the lich and the demilich appear first in the Monstrous Compendium Volume One (1989), and are reprinted in the Monstrous Manual (1993). This version is explicitly described as storing its "life force" in a "phylactery".Stewart, Doug, ed. Monstrous Manual (TSR, 1993)
The Spelljammer campaign setting accessory Lost Ships (1990) introduced the archlich, which also later appeared in the Monstrous Manual. The master lich appeared in Legend of Spelljammer (1991). A creature called the firelich is introduced in the 2nd Spelljammer Monstrous Compendium appendix (MC9).
The psionic lich for the Ravenloft campaign setting first appeared in Dragon #174 (October 1991), and then appeared in Van Richten's Guide to the Lich (1993), Ravenloft Monstrous Compendium Appendix III: Creatures of Darkness (1994), Monstrous Compendium Annual One (1994), and Van Richten's Monster Hunter's Compendium (1999). Several other lich variants were also introduced in the Ravenloft Monstrous Compendium Appendix III, including the defiler lich and demi-defiler lich, the drow lich (and the drow demilich, the drider lich, the drow priestess lich, and the drow wizard lich), and the elemental lich and demi-elemental lich.
The dracolich, a dragon lich, first appeared in the Monstrous Manual (1993).
The baelnorn, an elven lich of good alignment, was introduced in The Ruins of Myth Drannor (1993), and then appeared in Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume One (1994), and Cormanthyr: Empire of Elves (1998). The banelich, a version of the lich created by the god Bane in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, first appear in the Ruins of Zhentil Keep boxed set (in the Monstrous Compendium booklet) in 1995, and then appears in the Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Three (1996).
The Suel lich for the Greyhawk campaign setting was introduced in Polyhedron #101 (November 1994), and then appeared in Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Two (1995).
A description of Potion of the Dracolich used to create Dracoliches was given in the Forgotten Realms Monstrous Compendium Appendix (1991). It was reprinted alongside the Potion of Lichdom in Encyclopedia Magica Volume III (1995).
The inheritor lich for the Red Steel campaign setting first appeared in Red Steel Savage Baronies (1995), and then in the Savage Coast Monstrous Compendium (1996).
Dungeons & Dragons 3rd edition (2000–2002)
In D&D 3rd edition, the lich appears in the Monster Manual as a template. This version describes the lich's phylactery as resembling a Jewish tefillin but notes it can also be a ring, amulet etc.
The banelich, as well as the good liches, the archlich and the baelnorn, appeared in Monsters of Faerun (2000).
The demilich appeared again in the Epic Level Handbook (2002).
Dungeons & Dragons version 3.5 (2003–2007)
In D&D version 3.5, the 3.0 entry for the lich is duplicated in the revised Monster Manual (2003).
The good lich and the lichfiend appeared in Libris Mortis: The Book of Undead (2004). The lichfiend also appeared in Dungeon #116 (November 2004), as part of The Shackled City Adventure Path.
The dry lich was introduced in Sandstorm: Mastering the Perils of Fire and Sand (2005).
The Suel lich returned in the "Campaign Classics" feature in Dragon #339 (January 2006).
Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition (2008–2014)
In D&D 4th edition, the lich appears in the Monster Manual (2008). This version describes the phylactery in similar terms to the 3e version, but without describing it as being wearable. A ritual is given which allows players to become liches. It also outlines the lich vestige, a weakened, ghostly lich that cannot re-form. The lich also appears as a template in the Dungeon Masters Guide (2008).
Rules in 4th edition allow a player to opt to become an arch-lich via an epic destiny found in Arcane Power.
Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (2014–)
In D&D 5th edition, the lich appears in the Monster Manual (2014). This version of the lich is said to store its soul in a phylactery (every one of which is unique) which it feeds captured souls to sustain itself. The demilich and dracolich also appear.
Description
A mage becomes a lich by means of necromancy, using a magical receptacle called a phylactery to store the lich's soul. A lich is emaciated in appearance. In some sources the method of becoming a lich is referred to as the Ritual of Becoming or Ceremony of Endless Night. The process is often described as requiring the creation and consumption of a deadly potion, the Elixir of Defilation, which is to be drunk on a full moon; although the exact details of the potion are described differently in various sources, the creation of the potion almost universally entails acts of utter evil, such as using as an ingredient the blood of an infant slain by the potential lich's own hand, or other, similarly vile components. The potion invariably kills the drinker but if the process is successful it rises again some days later as an undead Lich. Occasionally, this metamorphosis occurs by accident as a result of life-prolonging magic.
Unlike most other forms of undead creatures, the Lich retains all of the memories, personality, and abilities that it possessed in life — but it has a virtual eternity to hone its skills and inevitably becomes very powerful. Like other powerful forms of undead (such as a vampire or mummy), a Lich has unnatural powers owing to its state. For example, it can put mortals in a paralyzed state of hibernation with their minds, making them seem dead to others, and can, through its typically powerful magical spells, summon other lesser undead to protect it. A Lich's bones do not decay. The Lich is capable of sustaining tremendous physical damage, and is immune to disease, poison, fatigue and other effects that affect only the living. However, despite all its undead "gifts", a lich's most valuable resources are its vast intellect, its supreme mastery of sorcery and limitless time to research, plot and scheme.
Since a lich's soul is mystically tied to its phylactery, destroying its body will not kill it. Rather, its soul will return to the phylactery, and its body will be recreated by the power keeping it immortal. Thus the only way to permanently destroy a lich is to destroy the phylactery as well. Therefore, the lich will generally be extremely protective of the priceless item. The phylactery, which can be of virtually any form (the default form is a metal box filled with rune-covered papers, but it usually appears as a valuable amulet or gemstone), will often be hidden in a secret place and protected by powerful spells, charms, monsters and/or other servants; the phylactery itself is usually of magical nature, meaning its destruction will generally be no easier than obtaining it.
Alignment
Depending on the method of becoming a lich, a lich can be of any alignment, retaining whatever alignment it had in life.
The D&D version 3.5 Monster Manual, a core D&D rule book, emphatically states that liches are always evil, but there are references to good liches in other manuals. Good liches are presented in Monster Compendium: Monsters of Faerûn, a supplementary rule book for the D&D 3rd edition rules. Good liches differ in that they have sought undeath for a noble cause, to protect a place, a loved one, or to pursue an important quest. In a typical D&D campaign, liches are evil, power-hungry spell casters who have cheated death.
The AD&D Spelljammer accessory Lost Ships also introduced the good archlich, who are able to memorize spells through intuitive nature and do not need spellbooks. The archlich also does not become a demilich, but remains in its form for eternity. The fourth edition book Arcane Power includes the epic destiny archlich, which is intended for good, lawful good, or unaligned heroes. In the Forgotten Realms, arch-liches are liches from mortals who were divine casters of good alignment. Baelnorns are ancient elven liches who head noble families and aid communities through sage advice. While there are some records of these, they are extremely rare, and evil liches are far more prevalent. The abilities of good liches are somewhat diminished as well.
Variant liches
Demiliches
A demilich is an advanced form of lich that has sought other avenues to attain knowledge, turning away from the physical realm, using astral projection to travel across other planes of existence. Due to traveling across planes of existence, its body gradually deteriorates until only a skull or even a single skeletal hand remain, but stays a creature of enormous powers. Cracked.com author Tylor Linn included the demilich in his 2009 list of "The 15 Most Idiotic Monsters In Dungeons & Dragons History". He humorously commented that it "seems to possess no tactical advantages of any kind. It just kind of floats around, waiting for a party of heroes to smack it out of the air like a pinata." To the contrary it was rated 8th among the 10 strongest D&D creatures by Scott Baird from Screen Rant, saying "You might think that a floating skull would be easy to smash to pieces, but you would be wrong, as demiliches are some of the most resilient creatures in the game."
Non-human liches
Other races also have their own special versions of the lich, which are not necessarily evil; for example, an Elf from the Forgotten Realms setting can become a baelnorn (often elves who take upon themselves the duty of overseeing and/or protecting their house), or an Illithid can become an illithilich, also known as an alhoon. A dragon can also become a dracolich. Dracoliches are greatly feared, for they are far more powerful than ordinary liches. A dracolich that became a demilich would be an extremely powerful monster, even by dragon standards. Lichfiends are evil outsiders that achieve lichdom.
Other variant liches
Other variant liches exist. Baneliches, extremely powerful priests of the Forgotten Realms deity Bane, grow in power every 100 years of their continued existence. Dry liches are desert-dwelling liches, the end result of the Walker in the Wastes prestige class. Psiliches are powerful users of psionic powers, who have used non-magical means to achieve this state of undeath. The Suel Imperium also had its own form of liches, the Suel lich—powerful wizards who learned the secrets of transferring their souls from one body to the next—at the cost of the bodies burning out in brief periods.
Notable liches
Liches are usually among the most powerful undead creatures in almost any setting in which they appear, and are one of the most powerful non-unique undead creatures in the D&D game.
Deities
Several D&D gods were liches before becoming deities; these gods include:
The drow goddess Kiaransalee, from the Forgotten Realms campaign setting.
Mellifleur the Lich-Lord: Non-campaign specific, this god was presented in Monster Mythology as the god of liches.
Vecna from the Greyhawk campaign setting.
Velsharoon, from the Forgotten Realms campaign setting.
The githyanki lich-queen Vlaakith CLVII has been attempting to attain godhood.
Erandis Vol, or Lady Vol to her worshippers, in the Eberron campaign setting.
Non-divine liches
Acererak, of the World of Greyhawk campaign setting.
Arklem Greeth, Arcane Archmage of the Forgotten Realms setting.
Asberdies, resident of the sunken cave in module D1 Descent into the Depths of the Earth.
Aumvor the Undying appears in the Forgotten Realms book, Champions of Ruin (2005).
Azalin, the lord of Darkon in the Ravenloft campaign setting.
Boretti, Necromancer-King, ruler of a rogue army in Acheron, from Planescape: Planes of Law manual.
Dragotha, powerful dracolich in the World of Greyhawk campaign setting.
Dregoth, 3rd Champion of Rajaat, 'Ravager of Giants', Sorcerer-King of Giustenal in the Dark Sun campaign setting.
Harthoon, chief diplomat and castellan of Orcus (from the Book of Vile Darkness and Fiendish Codex I: Hordes of the Abyss).
Larloch the Last, last Netheril arcanist from the Forgotten Realms setting.
Skall, factol (leader) of the Dustmen faction in the Planescape setting.
Szass Tam, the de facto ruler of Thay in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting.
Thessalar, of the World of Greyhawk campaign setting. Creator of the thessalmonster.
Redeye, the lich that rules over the Lizard Marsh. Appeared in the adventure module Under Illefarn.
Sammaster, First Speaker of the Cult of the Dragon in the Forgotten Realms setting.
Tordynnar Rhaevaern, baelnorn from the Forgotten Realms setting.
The Twisted Rune Lords: Jymahna, Kartak Spellseer, Priamon Rakesk, Rhangaun, Sapphiraktar the Azure (dracolich), and Shangalar the Black, all from the Forgotten Realms campaign setting.
Erandis Vol, nearly a deity. The driving force behind the Blood of Vol religion. Eberron campaign setting.
The Witch-King Zhengyi, from The Bloodstone Pass modules (particularly H4 Throne of Bloodstone) and the last two books of The Sellswords trilogy by R.A. Salvatore.
Zrie Prakis, subordinate and former lover of the wizard Cassana in the novel Azure Bonds.
Notable liches in other Dungeons & Dragons related media
Belpheron, a powerful lich who almost succeeded in conquering Toril, and who forms much of the backstory of Neverwinter Nights: Shadows of Undrentide. He makes a cameo appearance in Neverwinter Nights: Hordes of the Underdark.
Deimos, the final boss in Dungeons & Dragons: Tower of Doom.
Kangaxx, from Baldur's Gate II: Shadows of Amn, a hidden quest battle.
Klaxx the Malign, from Dungeons & Dragons: Wrath of the Dragon God.
Lyran, from Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance II.
Karlat, a mage who sacrificed the children of Charwood Village to Belial the Fire Lord to gain lichdom in Neverwinter Nights.
Heurodis the Medusa sacrificed her eyes (and thus her Flesh-to-Stone Gaze) to become a lich in Neverwinter Nights: Shadows of Undrentide. The mythal empowering Undrentide served as her phylactery.
Vix'thra, the dracolich that was the final boss of the undead section of Neverwinter Nights: Hordes of the Underdark.
Rammaq, a titan turned demilich from Neverwinter Nights 2: Mask of the Betrayer.
Vongoethe, from Baldur's Gate II: Throne of Bhaal.
Xykon, from The Order of the Stick.
Reception
Josh Hrala, for Geek & Sundry, reported that "liches really took off in modern gaming and fiction when D&D co-creator Gary Gygax officially added it to the game back in 1975 in the supplement called Greyhawk. Gygax wasn’t the first person to conceive the idea of a lich, though. Instead, he lifted most of the idea from a short story from the late-1960s by fantasy author Gardner Fox".
Rob Bricken from io9 named the lich as the 7th most memorable D&D monster, while Backstab reviewer Philippe Tessier called it a "classic of D&D".
In his review of the Monster Manual (2014), Henry Glasheen, for SLUG Magazine, wrote that "Fifth Edition has taken some of its most imposing creatures and given them an undeniable ambience" and highlighted the lich as an example monster that would use "her whole lair in a desperate attempt to annihilate the party".
SyFy Wire in 2018 called it one of "The 9 Scariest, Most Unforgettable Monsters From Dungeons & Dragons", saying that "Liches are classic monsters not just in D&D, but when you face one in the tabletop game you better be ready for a tough fight and more."
CBR in 2018 called it one of the "13 Most Powerful D&D Monsters", saying that "they are immortal spellcasters who are almost impossible to kill seeing as you need to locate their Phylactery and destroy it. That's not something the Lich will just let a party do without some trouble, which makes a Lich one of the deadliest monsters in the game".
Eric Silver, for Alma, criticized the use of the word phylactery in the game and highlighted talisman as a more neutral term. Silver wrote, "I don’t know about you, but phylactery is a word I’ve only ever seen used as the English translation of the Jewish ritual object, tefillin. The phylactery is specifically described as 'a charm or amulet, or repository used to store small parchments bearing holy scripture or arcane writings.' [...] Even stranger, the lich was created by Gygax, someone fascinated with historical religious study. He made the choice that an undead wizard king would keep his soul in something that Jews use for daily prayers. Recent editions backtrack from those origins, but Wizards has stuck with 'phylactery.' They bury the Jewish coding of the lich, but much like the lich itself, allow it to live on".
In popular culture
Other publishers
The lich is fully detailed in Paizo Publishing's book Undead Revisited (2011), on pages 22–27. In 2021, Paizo ceased using the word "phylactery" in Pathfinder Second Edition; instead, liches use a "soul cage" to contain their souls in a physical object.
A lich appears in Judges Guild publications The Book of Ruins page 20, The Final Refuge of Allmark.
A lich is also the fate of one of the wizards among other forms of undead in Judges Guild module Citadel of Fire.
The Lich King is an Icon (a powerful NPC archetype) in 13th Age.
Television
The animated television series Adventure Time "borrows heavily from the tabletop role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons [...] including monsters both minor (a gelatinous cube) and major (the Lich)".
References
Further reading
Collins, Andy, James Wyatt, and Skip Williams. Draconomicon (Wizards of the Coast, 2003).
Moldvay, Tom. "Too Evil To Die". Dragon #210 (TSR, 1994).
Richards, Jonathan M. "Bazaar of the Bizarre: Lich Magical Items". Dragon'' #234 (TSR, 1996).
Dungeons & Dragons monsters
Fictional liches
Fictional necromancers
Fictional skeletons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lich%20%28Dungeons%20%26%20Dragons%29 |
Golden Nugget Lake Tahoe Hotel & Casino (formerly Sahara Tahoe, High Sierra, Horizon Lake Tahoe, and Hard Rock Lake Tahoe) is a casino hotel in Stateline, Nevada. It is one of four major casino hotels in Stateline. Horizon Lake Tahoe closed on April 1, 2014, to begin a $60 million renovation and rebranding as Hard Rock Lake Tahoe, which held its grand opening on January 28, 2015. It has 539 hotel rooms and of gaming space, with 431 slot machines, 33 table games and a William Hill race and sports book.
History
Sahara Tahoe (1965–1983)
Plans for the casino hotel were announced in January 1963 by the Del E. Webb Corporation, a real estate development firm that also owned casinos in Las Vegas, including the Sahara. Webb leased of land for the development from the Park Cattle Co., a ranching company with large land holdings in the area. Construction began in April 1964. The property opened as the Sahara–Tahoe on June 30, 1965. Developed at a cost of $25 million, the Sahara had a 14-story hotel with 350 rooms, and a 1,000-seat theater restaurant.
The Sahara expanded with a second hotel tower completed in late 1968, with 224 rooms on 8 floors.
Elvis Presley performed at the Sahara from 1971 to 1976 and his suite is still available for guests to book.
High Sierra (1983–1990)
In 1983, the Sahara was given a Western theme and rebranded as the High Sierra Hotel/Casino.
In 1985, it hosted the companies who defined the High Sierra Format, the basis for how computers access CD-ROMs today.
Horizon Lake Tahoe (1990–2014)
In 1990, the High Sierra was sold to Columbia Sussex, which re-branded it again as Horizon.
In 2005, Park Cattle Co. moved to evict Columbia Sussex from the premises, alleging that they had allowed the Horizon to fall into disrepair. The ensuing lawsuit lasted until 2008, when Tropicana Entertainment (successor of Columbia Sussex's casino business) agreed to pay $165 million to Park Cattle and end the lease for the Horizon as early as 2011.
In 2009, Tropicana Entertainment transferred the lease and the operating business of the Horizon back to an affiliate of Columbia Sussex. Tropicana was undergoing a bankruptcy reorganization and hoped to focus its efforts on its neighboring MontBleu Casino.
In 2014, NevaOne LLC, a Park Cattle affiliate, acquired the Horizon's operations. NevaOne closed the Horizon for renovations on April 1, 2014, with plans to rebrand it as the Park Tahoe Casino Resort. Warner Gaming, which operated several casinos, including the Hard Rock Las Vegas, was retained to manage the property.
Hard Rock Hotel and Casino (2014–2023)
In July 2014, the Park family announced that the Horizon would be rebranded as the Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Lake Tahoe, instead of the Park Tahoe. The name was used under license from Brookfield Financial, which owned the rights to the Hard Rock brand in the Western United States. The property reopened as the Hard Rock on January 28, 2015, after $60 million of renovations.
Paragon Gaming acquired a majority stake in the property in 2016.
In 2023, Fertitta Entertainment bought the property from Paragon, and announced that it would be rebranded as a Golden Nugget casino.
Gallery
See also
References
External links
1965 establishments in Nevada
Casino hotels
Casinos completed in 1965
Casinos in Stateline, Nevada
Hard Rock Cafe
Hotel buildings completed in 1965
Hotels established in 1965
Hotels in Stateline, Nevada
Resorts in Nevada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20Nugget%20Lake%20Tahoe |
William Richardson (August 17, 1735 – June 24, 1825) was a Maryland politician and Continental Army officer.
Early life
William Richardson was born on August 17, 1735, in Talbot County, Maryland. He was the son of Ann (née Webb) and William Richardson. As a young man, Richardson moved to Dorchester County.
Career
Richardson lived on a plantation called Gilpin Point. He worked as a planter and merchant, trading with England.
Military career
In 1776, Richardson was commissioned as a colonel of the 4th Maryland Regiment of the Flying Camp and served from July to December 1776. He was at the Battle of Harlem Heights. From December 1776 to October 1779, he was the Colonel of the 5th Maryland Regiment of the Maryland Line. He helped quell an insurrection of Loyalists in Somerset and Worcester County in 1777.
During the Philadelphia campaign, Richardson was charged with moving the Continental Treasury from Philadelphia to Baltimore in 1777. He fought at the Battle of Camden in 1780. He was away from Maryland between June 1780 and March 1782. During part of this time, he was held captive in England.
Political career
Richardon was first elected to the Maryland Assembly in 1771. Richardson then served in the Maryland Assembly from 1773 to 1776, introducing the bill that formed Caroline County in 1774. He was a delegate to the Maryland State Convention of 1788, to vote whether Maryland should ratify the proposed Constitution of the United States. He later served as a Presidential Elector in 1789 and 1792.
Later career
Richardson served as an associate justice for the 4th district court from 1791 to 1793. He was the treasurer of the Eastern Shore from 1789 to 1802 and from 1813 to 1825.
Personal life
Richardson married Elizabeth Green. Together, they had seven children: William, Daniel Peter, Joseph, Thomas, Ann Webb, Mary and Elizabeth. His wife died in 1811.
Richardson, like many wealthy Marylanders of his time, was a slaveholder. In his will of June 19, 1823, Richardson made bequests of over fifty enslaved persons to approximately thirty of his own family members.
Death
Richardson died on June 24, 1825, at Gilpin Point in Caroline County. He is buried at Gilpin Point.
Legacy
Colonel Richardson High School and Colonel Richardson Middle School in Federalsburg, Maryland are named for him.
References
1735 births
1825 deaths
People from Talbot County, Maryland
People from Caroline County, Maryland
Continental Army officers from Maryland
Members of the Maryland General Assembly
American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Great Britain
1792 United States presidential electors
American slave owners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Richardson%20%28Maryland%20politician%29 |
Robert M. Torrance (born 1939) is Professor Emeritus of Comparative Literature at UC Davis.
Torrance received his B.A. from Harvard in Greek and English, his M.A. at UC Berkeley in Comparative Literature, and his Ph.D. at Harvard in Comparative Literature. After teaching at Harvard and at Brooklyn College of CUNY, he moved to UC Davis in 1976. During his 25 years at Davis, he served several terms as both director and graduate adviser.
Bibliography
Sophocles "The Women of Trachis" and "Philoctetes": A New Verse Translation, Houghton-Mifflin (1966).
The Comic Hero, Harvard University Press (1978)
Ideal and Spleen: The Crisis of Transcendent Vision in Romantic, Symbolist, and Modern Poetry, Garland (1987)
Encompassing Nature: A Sourcebook (editor), Counterpoint (1998)
The Spiritual Quest: Transcendence in Myth, Religion, and Science, University of California Press (1994)
Dante's Inferno, A New Translation in Terza Rima, X-libris (2011)
References
Living people
American literary critics
Harvard University alumni
UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni
University of California, Davis faculty
1939 births
Brooklyn College faculty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Torrance |
The Beacon Street Union was an American psychedelic rock band in the late 1960s, named for a street in their native Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
The band was composed of Boston College students, singer John Lincoln Wright (September 23, 1947 - December 4, 2011), guitarist/singer Paul Tartachny, bassist/singer Wayne Ulaky, keyboardist Robert Rhodes (born Rosenblatt) and drummer Richard Weisberg. With the exception of a few rock standards, their diverse music was composed by members of the band, primarily Wright and Ulaky.
The band's label, MGM Records promoted them as part of the so-called Bosstown Sound (along with the bands Ultimate Spinach and Orpheus), shepherded by the record producer Alan Lorber. The band met with little nationwide success. Their debut album, The Eyes of the Beacon Street Union, charted at number 75 on May 4, 1968. The band relocated to New York and recorded its second album, The Clown Died in Marvin Gardens. Wright, Ulaky, Weisberg, and Rhodes recorded another album, Come Under Nancy's Tent in 1970 under the band name Eagle for Janus Records. On August 12, 1970, Beacon Street Union opened for Janis Joplin at Harvard Stadium, which was her last public performance before her death. In 1970, The Beacon Street Union recorded their final single "Lord Why Is it So Hard" / "Can't Find My Fingers", adding Charlie Vatalaro on tenor sax.
Wright went on to perform and record as a country artist shortly after, and fronted the Sour Mash Boys. He regularly toured across North America, through to the mid-1990s. He died on December 4, 2011, at age 64, following a series of strokes and a long-time drinking problem. Due to health problems, he stopped performing in 2007. Bandmate and producer Larry Flint admitted by 2007 that Wright "was in pretty bad physical shape, and even his voice was going", with an album recorded that year left unreleased. At the time of his death, he was separated from his wife, who refused to divorce him to ensure that he stayed on her health insurance.
Discography
Albums
The Eyes of the Beacon Street Union (March 1968)
The Clown Died in Marvin Gardens (August 1968)
Come Under Nancy's Tent (as Eagle) (March 1970)
Singles
"South End Incident" / "Speed Kills" (1968)
"Four Hundred and Five" / "Blue Suede Shoes" (1968)
"May I Light Your Cigarette" / "Mayola" (1968)
"Lord Why Is It So Hard" / "Can't Find My Fingers" (1970)
References
Bibliography
Roxon, Lillian (1971). Lillian Roxon's Rock Encyclopedia. Grossett and Dunlap, Universal Library Edition. .
Musical groups from Boston
Musical groups established in 1966
Musical groups disestablished in 1969
Psychedelic rock music groups from Massachusetts
MGM Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon%20Street%20Union |
The National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO) was an American activist organization that fought for the welfare rights of people, especially women and children. The organization had four goals: adequate income, dignity, justice, and democratic participation. The group was active from 1966 to 1975. At its peak in 1969, NWRO membership was estimated at 25,000 members (mostly African American women). Thousands more joined in NWRO protests.
Roots
In 1963 Johnnie Tillmon founded ANC (Aid to Needy Children) Mothers Anonymous, which was one of the first grassroots welfare mothers’ organizations. This organization later became part of the National Welfare Rights Organization.
In early 1966, delegates from poor peoples’ organizations all over the country met in Syracuse, New York and Chicago, Illinois to discuss the need for unity among grassroots organizations for the poor in the United States. Around this same time, Richard Cloward and Frances Fox Piven, both of the Columbia University School of Social Work, were circulating a draft of an article called "The Weight of the Poor: A Strategy to End Poverty" that later appeared in The Nation. The article discussed the idea that the widespread distribution of information about welfare benefits eligibility could dramatically increase welfare rolls, thus creating a bureaucratic and fiscal crisis. In turn, this would lead to the replacement of public assistance programs that currently existed with a guaranteed annual income for all people. Cloward and Piven were more concerned with reaching community groups with this work than with academia, and the article helped to serve a link between the two.
George Wiley, CORE, PRAC, & the birth of a movement
In May 1966, George Wiley, a nationally recognized chemist, the second African American on the faculty of Syracuse University, and former associate director for the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and two of his associates from CORE set up the Poverty Rights Action Center (PRAC) in a two-story row house in Washington, D.C. The PRAC was intended to become a permanent headquarters for coordinating efforts of present poor people's organizations. The PRAC's first project was planning a series of demonstrations that were to be coordinated with a welfare recipients’ march from Cleveland to Columbus, Ohio that had already been planned. This march had been thought up by representatives of the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee led by César Chávez. The PRAC's efforts led to poverty rights demonstrations with thousands of participants in sixteen major cities on June 30, 1966, with extensive newspaper coverage in New York City, Washington, Chicago, Los Angeles, Baltimore, and Boston.
Although there was no formal tie between the participating groups, the NWRO refers to the June 30 demonstrations as "the birth of a movement." Broad coalitions of groups sponsored each city's activities, including, but not limited to, welfare recipient organizations. Over time, there was an increase in coordination and cooperation between these welfare recipient groups and thus a nationwide welfare recipients’ organization was needed.
National coordinating committee formed
In August 1966, the representatives of welfare recipient groups from 24 cities met in Chicago, voting to form the National Coordinating Committee of Welfare Rights Groups (NCC). The PRAC office was officially named the headquarters for a welfare rights movement at a December 1966 meeting of the NCC. PRAC was authorized by the NCC in February 1967 to come up with a membership card for all groups affiliated with the NCC. Uniform membership requirements and a common dues structure for its affiliates were adopted by the NCC in April 1967.
Early stages
In August 1967, delegates from 67 local welfare rights organizations met in Washington, D.C., and adopted a constitution that was drafted by the PRAC staff and had been adopted by the NCC, thus forming the National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO). Johnnie Tillmon became the first chair of the NWRO. The NCC made a place for itself within the NWRO as the main decision-making body in the national structure of the organization. However, despite a nationwide organization, local welfare rights groups still retained nearly complete autonomy for their local actions.
During the first few months of the new movement, the NWRO narrowed its focus from attempting to create a movement that would encompass all poor people to concentrating on those individuals who receive public assistance. Welfare recipients were easily organizable and they had the greatest measureable performance within the movement.
Also in the early stages of the movement, Wiley rejected Cloward and Piven's strategy of flooding welfare rolls with new welfare recipients and instead favored a strategy of organizing current welfare recipients into pressure groups. Critics of the Cloward-Piven strategy argued that it was easier to create a welfare crisis than to bring about its resolution. Activists, who were mainly welfare recipients themselves with little political power, would be left amidst this crisis with the ability to do nothing about it. This move was also easier organizationally for the movement because it was strategically more difficult to identify those who were eligible for welfare than those who already received it, it was also more difficult to motivate welfare-eligible individuals to act than those who already received it, and it was easier to organize current recipients of welfare by offering them benefits such as supplementary welfare payments.
Activity
The NWRO's first major activity was lobbying against the work incentive provisions of the Social Security Amendments of 1967. The organization held demonstrations that included a sit-in at the United States Senate Committee on Finance hearing room. The activity brought the NWRO a lot of media attention but did not impact the shaping of legislation very heavily.
In 1968, just weeks before the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., King acknowledged the NWRO, giving leaders of the movement and the issues at hand an important part in King's upcoming (without him) Poor People's Campaign. This nod from King later helped to promote the NWRO's first meeting between its leadership and the United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, held in the summer of 1968.
In December 1968, the organization was granted a large government contract to help monitor the Work Incentive Program. Funding from this and several other large grants from foundations helped to finance a major expansion of the NWRO staff, including the addition of field organizers.
The NWRO won much access to government officials during the first Nixon administration due to membership rolls growing larger and a bigger presence in the media. Leaders in the welfare rights movement were some of the first to be able to meet with Daniel P. Moynihan after he was appointed to the White House staff and leaders also started to meet regularly with Robert Finch, the Secretary of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. During the drafting of the Family Assistance Plan, NWRO leaders were consulted by the Nixon administration and these leaders were also active in lobbying against the plan.
Despite demonstrations pointed toward the United States Congress and the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and traditional lobbying and negotiating efforts, welfare rights activities were not mainly centered at the national level. The movement has relied much more on simultaneous demonstrations based on common ideas and themes from local affiliates across the United States. NWRO publications, such as its newspaper The Welfare Fighter, document accounts of the accomplishments and activities that local affiliates participated in. Local groups fueled much of the activity, such as the original June 30 rallies and "birthday in the streets" demonstrations each June 30 after that. Nationwide campaigns revolved around local groups demanding for resources such as supplemental welfare checks to pay for back-to-school clothing for children of welfare recipients as well as the demand for retail credit at major department stores for NWRO members.
By August 1969, an NWRO convention in Detroit estimated roughly 20,000 dues paying members of the organization, and thus roughly 75,000 family members total affected by the movement. Most of the members of the movement were poor, mostly black women. By 1971, NWRO included 540 separate welfare rights organizations.
In 1972, Johnnie Tillmon was appointed executive director of the NWRO after George Wiley's resignation. Wiley had been trying to mobilize the working poor, whereas Tillmon tried to align with the feminist movement. Tillmon's 1972 essay, "Welfare Is a Woman's Issue," which was published in Ms., emphasized women's right to adequate income, regardless of whether they worked in a factory or at home raising children. The funding for the NWRO had gone down by the time Tillmon became the executive director, and the NWRO ended in bankruptcy in March 1975; however, Tillmon continued fighting for welfare rights at the state and local levels.
Organizational levels
Local level
Each local affiliate of the NWRO was fully autonomous. The group was allowed to decide on its own program, make its own decisions, organize itself, and raise money by itself, while the NWRO remained a resource for them. The only power the NWRO had over an affiliate was the power in which to recognize them as an affiliate. The national constitution required that members of local affiliates include a majority of welfare recipients and that all but ten percent of the members be people of low income. Each local group had to be independent of any larger organization that could restrict its freedom of action.
National level
Members elected lay leaders who had the power to dismiss the staff director. There were biennial conventions of delegates from all local groups in the country which elected a national executive board. The NCC consisted of delegates from each state that contained a local welfare rights affiliate. It met four times a year to make the basic policy decisions of the NWRO. The national staff was responsible to the national executive board, which was representative of the largest states within the movement because they contained the most delegates.
References
Further reading
Nick Kotz & Mary Lynn Kotz, A Passion for Equality: George Wiley and the Movement (New York: W.W. Norton, 1977), pp. 212–306.
Frances Fox Piven and Richard Cloward, Poor People’s Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail", Vintage Books, 1978.
Political advocacy groups in the United States
Defunct organizations based in the United States
Welfare agencies
Organizations established in 1966
Organizations disestablished in 1975 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Welfare%20Rights%20Organization |
In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game, a vampire is an undead creature. A humanoid or monstrous humanoid creature can become a vampire, and looks as it did in life, with pale skin, haunting red eyes, and a feral cast to its features. A new vampire is created when another vampire drains the life out of a living creature. Its depiction is related to those in the 1930s and 1940s Hollywood Dracula and monster movies. In writing vampires into the game, as with other creatures arising in folklore, the authors had to consider what elements arising in more recent popular culture should be incorporated into their description and characteristics.
Publication history
The vampire was one of the earliest creatures introduced in the Dungeons & Dragons game. The vampire as a player character concept was present in Dave Arneson's playtest group for the original version of the rules. It led to the creation of a vampire-hunter, which became the basis of the cleric class.
Inspired by Gothic fiction, the vampire is a typical denizen of the Ravenloft setting.
Dungeons & Dragons (1974–1976)
The vampire was one of the first monsters introduced in the earliest edition of the game, in the Dungeons & Dragons "white box" set (1974), where they were described simply as powerful undead. Vampires were further detailed in Supplement I: Greyhawk (1975).
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition (1977–1988)
The vampire appears in the first edition Monster Manual (1977), where it is described as a chaotic evil, night-prowling creature whose powerful negative force drains life energy from victims.
Dragon #25 (May 1979) details several vampire variants, including the alp, the , the asanbosam, the bruxsa, the burcolakas, the catacano, the ch'ing-shih, the ekimmu, the krvopijac, the lobishumen, the mulo, the , and the vlkodlak. This article was later reprinted in Best of Dragon, Vol. II (1981).
The vampiric lizard man appeared in the module Tomb of the Lizard King (1982).
The Lankhmar vampire appeared in the module Swords of Deceit (1986).
Dracula himself was given AD&D statistics in Dragon #126 (October 1987), along with the vrykolaka and great vrykolaka.
Dungeons & Dragons (1977–1999)
This edition of the D&D game included its own version of the vampire, in the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set (1977), and Expert Set (1981 & 1983), and was also later featured in the Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1991), the Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia (1991), the Classic Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1994), and the Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Game set (1999). This last set also featured the lesser vampire.
The velya, a relative of the vampire, was introduced in the module War Rafts of Kron (1984), and subsequently appeared in the Creature Catalogue (1986), and the later Creature Catalog (1993). The swamp velya was introduced in the module Legacy of Blood (1987).
The nosferatu appeared in the gazetteers of The Grand Duchy of Karameikos (1987) and The Principalities of Glantri (1987), and in the Creature Catalog (1993).
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition (1989–1999)
The vampire appears first in the Monstrous Compendium Volume One (1989), which also introduced the Eastern vampire. The standard vampire and the Eastern vampire are reprinted in the Monstrous Manual (1993).
Variants for the standard vampire and the Eastern vampire in the Spelljammer campaign setting were detailed in the supplement Crystal Spheres (1990).
The lidevic appeared in Dragon #158 (June 1990).
The nosferatu vampire for the Ravenloft setting appeared in the Ravenloft: Realm of Terror boxed set (1990), and later appeared in Ravenloft Monstrous Compendium Appendix III: Creatures of Darkness (1994), and Van Richten's Monster Hunter's Compendium (1999). Several vampire variants appeared in Monstrous Compendium Ravenloft Appendix (1991), including the dwarf vampire, the elf vampire, the gnome vampire, the halfling vampire, and the kender vampire; these creatures were reprinted in Ravenloft Monstrous Compendium I & II (1996). The Eastern vampire and Mayonaka appear in Monstrous Compendium Ravenloft Appendix II (1993). The illithid vampire and Athaekeetha appear in Monstrous Compendium Ravenloft Appendix II, and later in Ravenloft Monstrous Compendium I & II (1996). Thoughts of Darkness (1992), and The Illithiad (1998). The oriental vampire and the drow vampire appeared in Ravenloft Monstrous Compendium Appendix III: Creatures of Darkness. The cerebral vampire was introduced in Bleak House: The Death of Rudolph van Richten (1996), and then appeared in Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Four (1998).
The vampire of the Mystara campaign setting was detailed in Night of the Vampire (1994). The velya and swamp velya returned in the Mystara Monstrous Compendium Appendix (1994). The nosferatu for the Savage Coast setting appeared in the Savage Coast Monstrous Compendium Appendix (1996).
Dragon Annual #1 (1996) details several undead variants, including the aswang (ghast), the baobhan sith (doppleganger), the civatateo (mummy), the dubbelsauger (ghoul), the eretica (hag), the fravashi (succubus), the gayal (wraith), the hannya (wight), the (zombie lord), the jigarkhor (wight), the kuei (skeleton), the lemure (spectre), the (wight), the nelapsi (vampire), the (goblin), the pelesit (monkey), the (wight), the ramanga (zombie), the stregoni (vampire), the tlacique (spectre), the ustrel (goblin), the vetala (wraith), the wurdalak (lycanthrope), the xloptuny (wight), the yara-ma-yha-sho (lizard man), and the zmeu (ghost).
Three unique vampires for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting appeared in Dragon #236 (November 1996): Morg; Saed, Beast Chieftain of Veld; and Saestra Karanok.
Dungeons & Dragons 3.0 edition (2000–2002)
The vampire appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2000) as a template.
The hopping vampire appeared in Oriental Adventures (2001).
The drider vampire appeared in City of the Spider Queen (2002) for the Forgotten Realms.
Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition (2003–2007)
The vampire appears in the revised Monster Manual for this edition (2003), along with the elite vampire.
The moonbane vampire, the persuasive vampire, the psychic vampire, the savage vampire, and the swarmform vampire appeared in Libris Mortis: The Book of Undead (2004).
The vampire mind flayer appears in Lords of Madness (2005).
The Kasian vampire, the savage vampire, the shadow vampire and the terror vampire appeared in Dragon #348 (October 2006).
Two unique vampires, Black Duke and Red Widow appeared in Monster Manual V (2007).
Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition (2008–2014)
The vampire appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2008).
In the supplement Heroes of Shadow (2011), the vampire is presented as a character class. The Vryloka, a race of humanoids with vampiric traits, are also presented.
Dragon Annual 2009 and Dragon Magazine 371 also had the Vampire Bloodline, a series of feats.
Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (2014–present)
The vampire appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2014) along with the spellcaster and warrior vampire variants.
The jiangshi appears in Van Richten's Guide to Ravenloft (2021), along with the dhampir, which is considered a lineage that can replace a character's race.
Description
A vampire can be of any evil alignment, and if its alignment was not evil in life, it becomes so in undeath. A vampire retains all the abilities it had in life, and gains the ability to drain blood and life energy, and to dominate other creatures with its gaze. A vampire can also command rats, bats, and wolves, or take the form of those creatures. They also become superhumanly strong, can heal quickly or even regenerate, and can turn into a gaseous form.
Some vampires worship the god Kanchelsis.
Vampire spawn
In the Dungeons & Dragons game, the vampire spawn are undead creatures created when a vampire slays a mortal with its bite. Vampire spawn look much the way they did in life (they are usually humanoids), except with hardened features and a predatory look. They also have greyer skin. A vampire spawn is controlled by the vampire who created them. A vampire spawn can become a normal vampire by drinking the blood of the vampire who originally turned them into a vampire spawn.
Vampire spawn are similar in their habits to vampires, being evil creatures drawn to their graves and coffins. They are less intelligent and, while still strong, are physically weaker than vampires. They cannot turn into a bat, dire bat, wolf, or dire wolf and they cannot summon rats, bats or wolves. Vampire spawn are unable to create spawn of their own. They attack by hammering opponents against walls, punching them, and tearing out their limbs. They can both energy drain, and suck the blood with a bite. Their mere gaze drains the victim of confidence, courage, energy, hope and joy. Vampire spawn have the ability to assume a gaseous form. They can also climb upon walls in the manner of a spider. Vampire spawn are, however, also vulnerable to all normal attacks and spells which repel vampires.
Vampire spawn speak Common. They can be of any evil alignment.
In the Dungeons & Dragons supplement Libris Mortis, vampire spawn, along with several other undead creatures became character classes for player characters.
Variant vampires
Moonbane Vampire – a vampire vulnerable to the light of the full moon.
Monstrous Vampire – a non-humanoid vampire.
Persuasive Vampire – uses the power of its speech to sway opinions of listeners.
Psychic Vampire – drains a victim's mental strength rather than physical health.
Savage Vampire – rely on brute force and hunt in packs.
Swarmform Vampire – can assume the form of a swarm of creatures.
Vampiric Dragon – vampiric dragon forever anchored to its hoard, much like a normal vampire craves its coffin. It can overcome this weakness through the use of magical trinkets, such as chokers, wrist bands and other pieces of jewelry that contains their entire horde. Most notable of these was Brimstone the Smoke drake's great diamond choker which allowed him to travel any length from his lair whenever he wanted so long as it was at night.
In Oriental Adventures
Hopping Vampire – Arises when a body is buried improperly or in an inauspicious location.
Penanggalan – A floating head, with entrails and intestines hanging down from the neck, which it can wrap around throats and limbs to squeeze the life out of its victims before feeding on their blood.
Notable vampires
Strahd von Zarovich originally of the I6:Ravenloft adventure module and later made part of the Ravenloft Campaign Setting.
Union of Eclipses – A powerful and influential cabal of vampires whose dominion spans multiple worlds of the Material Plane.
Vlad Tolenkov – A sometimes consort to and advisor of Lolth, he resides in a Nightmare World trapped in the Demonweb Pits.
Drelzna – The vampire daughter of the archmage Iggwilv, she was trapped in stasis as the guardian of the main treasure in The Lost Caverns of Tsojcanth.
Kas the Bloody-Handed – The vampire lieutenant of Vecna the lich, whom he would eventually betray and try to kill.
Reception
Rob Bricken of io9 identified the vampire as one of "The 12 Most Obnoxious Dungeons & Dragons Monsters". Detlef Wienecke-Janz and James Lovitt considered the vampire a typical monster of the Bram Stoker-inspired horror-setting of Ravenloft, while Backstab reviewer Philippe Tessier considered it a "classic of D&D".
Other publishers
The vampire is fully detailed in Paizo Publishing's book Classic Horrors Revisited (2009), on pages 46–51.
References
Further reading
Collins, Andy, James Wyatt, and Skip Williams. Draconomicon (Wizards of the Coast, 2003).
Jacobs, James, Erik Mona, and Ed Stark. Fiendish Codex I: Hordes of the Abyss (Wizards of the Coast, 2006).
Terrazino, Joseph R. "Bazaar of the Bizarre: Vampire Slayer's Toolbox." Dragon'' #288 (Paizo, 2001).
Dungeons & Dragons creatures from folklore and mythology
Dungeons & Dragons monsters
Dungeons and Dragons
Vampires in games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire%20%28Dungeons%20%26%20Dragons%29 |
The Cornerstone of Peace is a monument in Itoman commemorating the Battle of Okinawa and the role of Okinawa during World War II. The names of over two hundred and forty thousand people who lost their lives are inscribed on the memorial.
Purpose
was unveiled on 23 June 1995 in memory of the fiftieth anniversary of the Battle of Okinawa and the end of World War II. It was erected to: (1) Remember those lost in the war, and pray for perpetual peace; (2) Pass on the lessons of war; and (3) Serve as a place for meditation and learning.
Name – Political background
Constructed by the administration of Masahide Ōta, and as detailed in his book of the same name Okinawa: Heiwa no Ishiji, the name 'Cornerstone of Peace' alludes to the Japan-US security partnership. Ōta writes 'It would not be an exaggeration to say that the motivation which led to the building of this 'Cornerstone of Peace' has also become the basis for the people of Okinawa devoting heart and soul, night and day, to solving the military base issue.' When US President Bill Clinton visited the Cornerstone of Peace in 2000 he delivered a speech promising efforts to reduce and consolidate US bases in Okinawa, as previously agreed by the US and Japanese governments.
Design
The winning design, entitled 'Everlasting Waves of Peace', comprises concentric arcs of wavelike black granite stelai or screens. These are inscribed with the names of all those who died, regardless of nationality and civilian or military status. The names are in horizontal order from left to right, and in their native alphabet according to place of origin. The series totals some 116 stones, with the text running a total length of .
Inscription
As of June 2015, there were 241,281 names. By order of inscription are 77,380 from other prefectures of Japan, by prefecture; 149,329 from Okinawa Prefecture, by hamlet; 14,009 from the USA, by unit; 82 from the UK; 365 from the Republic of Korea; 82 from North Korea; and 34 from Taiwan. The numbers correspond to recorded deaths during the Battle of Okinawa from the time of the US landings in the Kerama Islands on 26 March 1945 to the signing of the Japanese surrender on 2 September 1945, in addition to all Okinawan casualties in the Pacific War in the fifteen years from the Manchurian Incident, along with those who died in Okinawa from war-related events in the year before the battle and the year after the surrender. 234,183 names were inscribed by the time of unveiling and new names are added each year.
Location
The site chosen for the memorial is Mabuni Hill in Itoman City, site of the Japanese headquarters and scene of heavy fighting in late June 1945 at the end of the Battle of Okinawa. The area forms part of the .
Related initiatives
The Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum (沖縄県平和祈念資料館 Okinawa Kenritsu Heiwa Kinen Shiryōkan) was opened in 1975.
In 2001 the Okinawa Peace Prize was established in order to recognize local contributions to peace in the Asia-Pacific region.
The Centre for the Study of Pacific War Memories at the University of California Santa Cruz is developing a visualization project in order to reproduce virtually the Cornerstone of Peace while making use of recently declassified photographs from the archives of the Department of Defense.
See also
Okinawa Memorial Day
Okinawa Prefectural Peace Memorial Museum
Battle of Okinawa
Peace education
Ryūkyū Kingdom
War memorial
References
Further reading
External links
The Cornerstone of Peace
The Cornerstone of Peace
Japan in World War II
World War II memorials in Japan
Monuments and memorials in Japan
Buildings and structures in Okinawa Prefecture
Tourist attractions in Okinawa Prefecture
Peace monuments and memorials
Itoman, Okinawa
Pacific theatre of World War II memorials | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornerstone%20of%20Peace |
Stuart Nethercott (born 21 March 1973) is an English football manager and former professional footballer.
As a player, he was a defender who notably played in the Premier League for Tottenham Hotspur, and in the Football League with Barnet, Millwall and Wycombe Wanderers. He also played at non-league level for Maidstone United, Woking, Heybridge Swifts, Wivenhoe Town and Welling United. He was capped eight times at England U21 level.
Following retirement, Nethercott moved into management and has had spells in charge of Maldon Town, Ware, Heybridge Swifts and currently Coggeshall Town.
Playing career
Nethercott grew up through the ranks at Tottenham Hotspur and made his debut on 20 March 1993 in a 1–1 draw at Chelsea.
He was sent on loan to Maidstone and Barnet for experience during the early 1990s and ultimately played 54 games for Spurs, playing in the side which reached the FA Cup semi-finals in 1995. Unfortunately, he was targeted by Everton as a weak link and was given a hiding as Everton romped to a 4–1 victory. He scored once for Tottenham, in a 3-0 FA Cup win over Altrincham in January 1995.
For a while it looked as though Nethercott would be the long-term successor to the ageing Gary Mabbutt, but by 1998 he had fallen out of favour in the first team and was transferred to Millwall. He helped them win the Division Two title in 2001 and reach their first-ever FA Cup final in 2004, but he was loaned out to Wycombe Wanderers for the latter part of the cup final season meaning he missed out on the final itself.
After the FA Cup final defeat, he signed for Wycombe Wanderers (where he scored once against Chesterfield), and later dropped into non-League football with Woking, Heybridge Swifts and Wivenhoe Town. He took a player/assistant manager role at Welling United in 2007, but when his managerial colleague Neil Smith was sacked, returned to Wivenhoe for a second spell.
Managerial career
In September 2008, he was promoted from his position of Assistant Manager at Maldon Town to Caretaker Manager following the sacking of Russell Tanner, and has overseen an upturn in the club's fortunes managing three wins from his first four games in charge.
In June 2011, Nethercott was appointed first team manager at Ware and in July 2011 signed for the club as a player. He resigned a year and two days later, on 7 June 2012. In May 2020 he was appointed manager of Heybridge Swifts. In October 2021 he was appointed joint manager of Coggeshall Town alongside Karl Duguid. He left the club in May 2022.
References
External links
England profile at theFA
1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Ilford
Men's association football defenders
English men's footballers
England men's under-21 international footballers
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. players
Maidstone United F.C. (1897) players
Barnet F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Wycombe Wanderers F.C. players
Woking F.C. players
Wivenhoe Town F.C. players
Welling United F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
English football managers
Isthmian League managers
Heybridge Swifts F.C. players
Maldon & Tiptree F.C. managers
Ware F.C. managers
Heybridge Swifts F.C. managers
Coggeshall Town F.C. managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart%20Nethercott |
Various individuals have been called "the Father of Hollywood", including:
Cecil B. DeMille
Charles E. Toberman
H. J. Whitley | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Father%20of%20Hollywood |
Hobart Johnstone Whitley (October 7, 1847 – June 3, 1931) was a Canadian-American businessman and real estate developer. Whitley is best known for helping create the Hollywood subdivision in Los Angeles. He is among those known as the "Father of Hollywood."
Early life
Whitley was born in Toronto, the seventh and youngest son of Joseph Whitley and Eleanor Johnstone. He grew up in Flint, Michigan, and attended Toronto Business College. Whitley became a naturalized citizen of the United States in the 1870s.
In 1887, Whitley married his second wife, Margaret Virginia Ross.
Early career
Whitley moved to Chicago, where he owned a hardware store and candy store. He became interested in land development, became a land agent for the Rock Island Railroad and was elected to its board of directors. He plotted and organized towns in the Cherokee Strip, and when Oklahoma became a state in 1912 he "declined the first governorship."
California
Hollywood
Whitley came to California in 1893; the next year, 1894, he established the HJ Whitley Jewelry Store in Los Angeles.
Hollywood was then a rural settlement of eighteen families; Whitley envisioned Hollywood "as a thriving suburb of Los Angeles." He subdivided 400 acres of open fields and gardens into a residential section, and more families came here to live."
Whitley became a major shareholder, with Harrison Gray Otis and George W. Hoover, of the Los Angeles Pacific Boulevard and Development Company. He orchestrated the opening of the Ocean View Tract and construction of a bank located on the corners of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland.
Whitely built the Hollywood Hotel on the same Hollywood and Highland corner, with George W. Hoover as builder. Construction was completed in February 1903.
The neighborhood of Whitley Heights in the Hollywood Hills originated as a residential housing development financed by Whitley.
Whitley, along with Charles E. Toberman, has been called "The Father of Hollywood." The first reference to Whitley by that title was in 1905.
Corcoran, California
Whitley took the lead in building the city of Corcoran, California. He purchased over to start the development, and was able to control the town's development through an interlocking set of companies that he controlled.
Whitley Gardens, California
Whitley's last development was never finished. He bought thousands of acres and started the town of Whitley Gardens. It is about ten miles (16 km) east of Paso Robles, California. Around 1924, as Los Angeles Times columnist Lee Shippey put it:
Whitley became a Paso Robles enthusiast, after the waters had given him new strength. He bought 48,000 acres of ranch lands there and dreams of putting through one more great development project. He can't understand how fine fertile land with water on it, on a state highway and within reach of ocean winds can still be bought for around $50 an acre.
It was said that Whitley had amassed "a private fortune running into the millions" but "most of this wealth dwindled in [this] one unfortunate investment at Paso Robles."
Other projects
In 1905, he and others began the development of 47,000 acres of land in the San Joaquin Valley and 50,000 acres in the San Fernando Valley.
In 1909 he formed the Suburban Homes Company, a syndicate, along with Harry Chandler, H. G. Otis, M. H. Sherman and O. F. Brandt. Henry E. Huntington extended his Pacific Electric Railway (Red Cars) through the Valley to Owensmouth (now Canoga Park). The Suburban Home Company laid out plans for roads and the towns of Van Nuys, Reseda (Marian) and Canoga Park (Owensmouth). The rural areas were annexed into the city of Los Angeles in 1915.
From about 1920 until his death, his company Whiltley Oil and Refining engaged in oil drilling in California.
Death
Whitley died on June 3, 1931, at the Whitley Park Country Club on Ventura Boulevard near Van Nuys. He was buried in the Hollywood Memorial Park Cemetery, today named Hollywood Forever Cemetery. On his crypt is inscribed "The Father of Hollywood".
He was survived by his wife, a son and a daughter.
Legacy
It is estimated that Whitley founded more than 140 towns in his lifetime.
The Hollywood Citizen said of him after his death: "He is remembered by the affectionate title which his community long ago bestowed upon him, the 'Father of Hollywood.'"
He was identified with the founding of Home Savings Bank, the First National Bank of Hollywood, the First National Bank of Van Nuys, and the State Banks of Owensmouth (Canoga Park), Reseda, and Corcoran.
Whitley donated large parcels of land and money for civic use. The donations were used to finance public schools, libraries, parks, landscaping, streets, transportation, lighting and churches.
At the time of his death, he was practically insolvent, having lost heavily in real estate developments.
Streets named after Whitley include:
Hobart Blvd
Whitley Heights, Los Angeles - a residential neighborhood, historic preservation overlay zone in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, CA.
Whitley Avenue, Los Angeles - a north/south street, begins on Hollywood Blvd. in Hollywood, running to Whitley Terrace in Whitley Heights.
Whitley Terrace - an east/west street, in Whitley Heights, Hollywood.
Whitley Terrace Steps - goes from Milner Road to Emmet Terrace.
Whitley Avenue - main street in Corcoran, California.
References
Further reading
Gaelyn Whitley Keith, The Father of Hollywood
Newspaper article: "Will Subdivide Large Paso Robles Ranch," The Van Nuys News, March 16, 1926
1847 births
1931 deaths
19th-century American businesspeople
19th-century Canadian businesspeople
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century Canadian businesspeople
American real estate businesspeople
Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Businesspeople from Toronto
California Republicans
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Canadian real estate businesspeople
History of Los Angeles
History of the San Fernando Valley
Land owners from California
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Oklahoma Republicans
People from Corcoran, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20J.%20Whitley |
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, an IA automorphism of a group is an automorphism that acts as identity on the abelianization. The abelianization of a group is its quotient by its commutator subgroup. An IA automorphism is thus an automorphism that sends each coset of the commutator subgroup to itself.
The IA automorphisms of a group form a normal subgroup of the automorphism group. Every inner automorphism is an IA automorphism.
See also
Torelli group
References
Group theory
Group automorphisms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IA%20automorphism |
The Beatles' First! (subtitled Recorded in Hamburg 1961 - Featuring Tony Sheridan and Guests) is a German compilation album of songs recorded in Hamburg in 1961 and 1962 by Tony Sheridan with the Beatles as his backing group. It was originally released in 1964 in Germany, then issued in 1967 in England, 1969 in Canada and finally in the United States in 1970.
Recording history
On 22 June 1961, composer and musical director Bert Kaempfert produced the Beatles' first professional recording session backing English singer and guitarist Tony Sheridan for the German label Polydor. Performed in the auditorium of Friedrich-Ebert-Hall, a high school in the borough of Hamburg-Harburg often used as a studio, Paul McCartney is on bass, John Lennon on rhythm guitar, Pete Best on drums (which only includes snare, hi-hats and cymbal) with George Harrison and Sheridan sharing lead guitar parts. McCartney, Lennon and Harrison also perform backing vocals. The session, which possibly ended the next day, saw the recording of "My Bonnie" and "The Saints" (released as a single that same year and on an LP called My Bonnie in January 1962, all credited to Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers), "Why", an original song by Sheridan, and the covers "Nobody's Child" by Hank Snow and "If You Love Me, Baby (Take Out Some Insurance On Me, Baby)" by Jimmy Reed but the latter with different lyrics. Two other tracks on which Sheridan does not appear, the instrumental "Beatle Bop" (later renamed "Cry for a Shadow"), credited to Harrison - Lennon, and the standard "Ain't She Sweet", sung by Lennon, are also recorded. These five songs will remain unreleased for nearly three years.
"Sweet Georgia Brown" and "Swanee River" were recorded at Rahlstedt studio in Hamburg on 24 May 1962, during a second session designed to end the Beatles recording contract with Polydor in order to give free rein to their new manager, Brian Epstein. "Sweet Georgia Brown" was released in October 1962 on a German E.P. entitled "Ya Ya" and credited again to Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers but the recording of the second song was lost.
Release history
The Beatles' First! was released in April 1964 by German Polydor (Polydor 20328) and was available in the UK as an import. Four songs by Sheridan with other musicians were added to the eight recorded by the Beatles. The track "Take Out Some Insurance on Me, Baby" was mistitled "If You Love Me, Baby". The following month, Polydor France issued a 10 inch LP, simply entitled , that compiled exclusively the Beatles' Hamburg recordings. On 4 August 1967, Polydor officially released The Beatles' First in the UK (catalogue number 236-201), but with a sleeve designed by Barry Zaid which omits the exclamation mark.
In New Zealand, the album was released three times: firstly in 1966 (cat. no. 237632, as above), secondly in the early 1970s, titled The Beatles in Hamburg (cat. no. NZ SP 125) and in 1977 as a double LP (cat. no. 118). In Canada, the album was released in 1969 with the title Very Together (Polydor 242.008), while the US issued the album the following year under the title In the Beginning (Circa 1960) (Polydor 24-4504) with "Take Out Some Insurance on Me, Baby" correctly named.
All subsequent releases of the Tony Sheridan/Beatles/Beat Brothers recordings are repackages of the same tracks.
The album was released on CD in 1984 under the title The Early Tapes of The Beatles which included two more bonus tracks by Sheridan and the complete recordings of the songs "Ya Ya" and "My Bonnie", the latter with its slow intro sung in English. It was expanded to a double-CD set subtitled Deluxe Edition, with two tracks replacing the previous edition's bonus tracks, issued by Universal Music on 12 June 2004. The main tracks are in stereo on the first CD and in mono on the second CD. This release used similar artwork from the original German sleeve.
The eight tracks recorded by the Beatles were compiled, in all their published variations, in the double album "Beatles Bop – Hamburg Days" in 2001 by Bear Family Records and ten years later by Time Life with the title The Beatles With Tony Sheridan – F1rst Recordings: 50th Anniversary Edition.
Track listing
Original LP
All vocals by Tony Sheridan unless otherwise indicated. All songs recorded with the Beatles unless noted The Beat Brothers and marked by an asterisk.
Side one
"Ain't She Sweet" (Ager/Yellen) (vocal: John Lennon) – 2:10
"Cry for a Shadow" (George Harrison/John Lennon) (instrumental) – 2:22
* "Let's Dance" (Lee) (The Beat Brothers) – 2:32
"My Bonnie" (traditional) – 2:06
"If You Love Me, Baby (Take Out Some Insurance On Me, Baby)" (Hall/Charles Singleton) – 2:52
* "What'd I Say" (Ray Charles) (The Beat Brothers) – 2:37
Side two
"Sweet Georgia Brown" (Bernie, Casey, Pinkard) – 2:03
"The Saints" (traditional) – 3:19
* "Ruby Baby" (Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller) (The Beat Brothers) – 2:48
"Why" (Compton/Sheridan) – 2:55
"Nobody's Child" (Cy Coben, Mel Foree) – 3:52
* "Ya Ya" (Dorsey/Robinson) (The Beat Brothers) – 2:48
The Early Tapes of The Beatles
Ain't She Sweet – 2:12
Cry for a Shadow – 2:23
When the Saints Go Marching In – 3:18
Why – 2:58
If You Love Me, Baby – 2:53
* What'd I Say – 2:39
Sweet Georgia Brown – 2:05
* Let's Dance – 2:33
* Ruby Baby – 2:52
My Bonnie – 2:42
Nobody's Child – 3:55
* Ready Teddy (John Marascalco and Robert Blackwell) – 2:01 (added track by The Beat Brothers)
* Ya Ya – 5:08 (complete recording)
* Kansas City'' (Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller) – 2:38 (added track by The Beat Brothers)
Deluxe Edition
Disc one – Stereo
"Ain't She Sweet"
"Cry for a Shadow"
* "Let's Dance"
"My Bonnie"
"Take Some Insurance On Me, Baby"
* "What'd I Say"
"Sweet Georgia Brown"
"The Saints"
* "Ruby Baby"
"Why"
"Nobody's Child"
* "Ya Ya"
"My Bonnie" (English intro)
"My Bonnie" (German intro)
Disc two – Mono
"Ain't She Sweet"
"Cry for a Shadow"
*"Let's Dance"
"My Bonnie"
"Take Some Insurance On Me, Baby"
* "What'd I Say"
"Sweet Georgia Brown"
"The Saints"
* "Ruby Baby"
"Why"
"Nobody's Child"
* "Ya Ya"
"My Bonnie" (English intro)
"My Bonnie" (German intro)
* "Let's Twist Again" (added track by The Beat Brothers)
* "Top Ten Twist" (added track by The Beat Brothers)
Notes
References
2004 compilation albums
Albums produced by Bert Kaempfert
German-language compilation albums
The Beatles with Tony Sheridan albums
1964 compilation albums
Polydor Records compilation albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Beatles%27%20First |
FutureSex/LoveSounds is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake, released on September 8, 2006, by Jive Records and Zomba. Following a three-year writing hiatus, Timberlake conceived the album in collaboration with producer Timbaland and the latter's colleague Danja primarily at Timbaland's Thomas Crown Studios. By comparison with Timberlake's debut album Justified (2002), FutureSex/LoveSounds was influenced by a wider range of genres including techno, electro-funk, trance, and rock. It features reprises and interludes interspersed with the album's full songs.
FutureSex/LoveSounds received mostly positive reviews from critics, who noted its wide range of influences and eclectic sound. The album produced six singles that attained chart success; including US Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles: "SexyBack", "My Love", and "What Goes Around... Comes Around". With "Summer Love", the album achieved four US Mainstream Top 40 number-one songs. Many music publications considered it among the best albums of the 2000s. Aside from earning numerous best-of-the-decade lists, the album received several Grammy Award nominations, including Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album, while its first four singles won in their respective categories. It has been certified multi-platinum in many countries worldwide, and has sold over 10 million copies, with four million in the United States.
The album has been added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's musical library and archive. It is also considered by critics and fans to be one of Timberlake's best albums to date. To further promote the album, Timberlake embarked on his second concert tour, entitled FutureSex/LoveShow, which became one of the highest-grossing tours in 2007.
Background
In November 2002, Justin Timberlake released his debut album, Justified, and produced the U.S. top-five singles "Rock Your Body" and "Cry Me a River". "Cry Me a River" in particular was credited for having helped the album sell and peak on the music charts. Justified ended selling four million copies in the United States alone. Although the album established Timberlake's career outside his then-band *NSYNC, Timberlake (who was 22 years old at the time), was "at a crossroads" and felt he was at the stage of being "burnt out", and thought he had lost his voice "in regards to knowing what (and how) he wanted to sing". Timberlake stated that Justified had been years in the making, and a record that would re-create its success would be a challenge he was not ready to take.
In the following years, Timberlake went partially idle in the music industry. His being "burnt out" partly caused him to try acting in films. In October 2003, he hosted and was the guest musician on the late-night variety show Saturday Night Live, where he showcased his acting potentials. He also paired with American actor Jimmy Fallon on The Barry Gibb Talk Show. After the show, Timberlake was reportedly "inundated" with acting offers, which he readily accepted partly because he needed inspiration and did not want to pass up the opportunities. Before returning to music, Timberlake shot four films; including Edison Force (2005) and Alpha Dog (2006). Timberlake opted not to pursue the reunion with *NSYNC, which he considered after Justified. According to him, he was concerned with how they would reinvent their music. In late 2004, Timberlake then contacted record producers Rich Harrison and Rodney Jerkins, who had produced songs for *NSYNC. Both producers were "impressed" by the live band-driven late-night shows Timberlake had participated in and wanted to incorporate this in his music.
Recording
In 2005, Timberlake felt inspired to record songs again. Motivated by the "sad state" of pop radio, he decided he needed to experiment with music. Reportedly, it was not until Timberlake turned to producer Timbaland "that he figured out the direction he wanted the record to take". In November 2005, Timberlake visited Timbaland's brand-new Thomas Crown Studios in Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States. Timbaland had previously collaborated with Timberlake, producing four tracks for Justified including "Cry Me a River".
Once in the studio, however, the team had no clear direction for the album as there were no concepts being discussed. Aside from having "Cry Me a River" to draw from, they had no "game plan" and no working title for the new album. Timberlake thought that if he could make a record that would live up to Justified, he "would have". So he asked Timbaland if he could reproduce the likes of "Cry Me a River" by four or six times.
While in the studio, Timbaland played on the stereo plenty of songs by American singer and musician Prince for them to listen to. Early in their sessions, they reportedly were "fooling around" and "freestyling". One night, Danja was playing a guitar riff and caught the attention of Timberlake, who then started humming to the melody and later sung the lyrics. Timbaland, who was at their side, added drums onto the progressing sound. After an hour, with no lyrics written on paper, Timberlake recorded in the vocal booth a song that would become "What Goes Around... Comes Around". Timberlake, having been teased by Timbaland, said to the latter: "Let's do something we would never do. Let's go far left and just see what happens."
Production
Official production for FutureSex/LoveSounds started in December 2005. When production began, Jive Records Chairman and CEO, Barry Weiss, asked when the album would be completed, to which Timberlake replied that it could possibly take a year. The title was not finalized until Jive Records gave Timberlake a deadline on finishing what would become FutureSex/LoveSounds. The collective thought the album is comparable with Michael Jackson's landmark record, Thriller, dubbing their own as Thriller 2006.
According to Timberlake, FutureSex/LoveSounds is like a "fashion editorial, YSL and Gucci suits, which goes with the sonics". The album's artworks were shot by American fashion photographer Terry Richardson. The cover features Timberlake stomping a disco ball using his black pointy shoe.
For his new project, Timberlake collaborated with only a few producers. With no concrete plans, however, Timberlake's goal for the album was "'to capture moments' with a vivid, raw, off-the-cuff sound". Timberlake, who included record production in his repertoire, managed the recording sessions with no formula. His sessions with Timbaland and Danja were described as free-flowing, and he referred to themselves in the process as "looking like [mad men], a mad scientist".
On his collaboration with Timbaland, Timberlake asserted that they "have a very interesting connection" in music. In ten days, they composed at least eight to ten songs with the lyrics, melodies, and vocals all in place. In three weeks, after that transitional moment with "What Goes Around... Comes Around", the collective was able to produce songs like "My Love", "SexyBack", and "Sexy Ladies". Unlike Justified which was recorded in six weeks, Timberlake said that FutureSex/LoveSounds took one year to complete.
Sessions for the album also saw Timberlake collaborating with Rick Rubin and will.i.am, the latter himself a member of the hip hop group The Black Eyed Peas, whose 2003 single "Where Is the Love?" Timberlake lent vocals to. For the production, they are credited as Jawbreakers, a production team of their own established during their collaboration for The Black Eyed Peas' album. Four songs were produced with will.i.am, although only "Damn Girl" made it to the standard edition of the album.
Actor Chris Rock recommended producer Rubin to Timberlake, who considered the idea and discussed it with Rubin when he saw him at a music festival in Coachella, California. Timberlake went to singer-songwriter Neil Diamond's studio, where Rubin played him some demos, one of which was a ballad that would become "(Another Song) All Over Again". Timberlake suggested that the collaboration was meant to "do the anti-whatever-you-want-to-call-it that [Timbaland and] I came up with".
Music
During the production of FutureSex/LoveSounds, Timberlake was interested in rock music. This inspiration was used in his approach in recording the songs, rather than in composing them. Timberlake reveals, "I wanted to sing the song like a rock and roll singer, not an R&B singer." On the influences he drew from, he said that if Justified was "characterized" by Michael Jackson and Stevie Wonder, FutureSex/LoveSounds is more like David Bowie and Prince. AllMusic stated that Timbaland spends much of the album "refurbishing the electro-funk of Prince's early-'80s recordings," adding that "Justin marries his innuendos to grinding, squealing synths that conjure the funky spirit of the Minneapolis Sound. Other influences include late INXS-frontman Michael Hutchence, Arcade Fire, David Byrne, The Killers, The Strokes, and Radiohead.
Although Timberlake expressed interest in recording songs with rock influences, Timbaland was initially reluctant to pursue the idea because he was not accustomed to producing such music. Nonetheless, he suggested that they could produce a handful, since they were afraid of alienating Timberlake's urban fan base. Because of this concern, they produced several reprises, encores and preludes with a rock influence, instead of full-length songs.
As to the sound of FutureSex/LoveSounds, "My Love", the second song composed, steered the album's direction. Danja revealed that it "changed the whole album", and the energy derived from the song was sustained throughout the process. On his inspiration for the infusion of R&B with trance on the album, Danja remembers:
Unlike his previous record that was intended to focus on R&B and pop genres, FutureSex/LoveSounds is less concentrated on one particular sound, thus representing a wider range. Timberlake explains, "It's more broad as far as the styles I wanted to mix in to my own type of thing." A musically "complex" album, FutureSex/LoveSounds is a fusion of rap, rock, funk, soul, gospel, new wave, opera, and world music. Entertainment Weekly noted that the album's sound is a "sonic departure" from both *NSYNC and Justified. Although "What Goes Around" sounds similar to Justified, Timberlake admitted that it is the only song in the new album to have such similarity.
Critics noted that the influences and styles are varied across the album's track list. The title track "FutureSex/LoveSound" incorporates early 1980s new wave and industrial rock. The song "Sexy Ladies" takes on Minneapolis funk. Another funk song on the album is the lead single "SexyBack", the style of which is described by Timberlake as "club funk". Meanwhile, the track "Damn Girl", which was produced by the Jawbreakers, incorporates '60s soul music. Gospel music is infused in "Losing My Way", which is the only song on the album that features choir arrangement.
Lyrics
Most of the songs' lyrics were not written down on paper, as Timberlake believed it would only slow him down. For most of the album's production, Timberlake composed the lyrics in his head and would record the song shortly after. Some songs were conceptualized within a relatively shorter time, while others took longer because Timberlake had wanted to incorporate variation. For instance, the lyrics to "Losing My Way" were in a narrative style which took Timberlake longer to write. The only song that Timberlake wrote down on paper was the Rick Rubin-produced "(Another Song) All Over Again". Rubin felt it was unusual for Timberlake because he requested the latter to write the lyrics first instead of recording it directly in the vocal booth.
Sharing common themes with Justified, FutureSex/LoveSounds contains songs that are thematically based on and, according to Timberlake, were motivated by sex and love. MTV editor Jennifer Vineyard summarizes that the album illustrates "the very nature of how sex and love are interchangeable and immutable and contradictory and complementary all at once". The first half of the album, FutureSex, generally focuses on themes about sex that are evident on songs like the title track "FutureSex/LoveSound", "LoveStoned", "Damn Girl" and "Sexy Ladies". The second half, LoveSounds, is the album's "sweet side", encompassing songs such as "My Love", the slow jam "Until the End of Time" and "What Goes Around... Comes Around". Meanwhile, "LoveStoned" transitions to the two-minute prelude "I Think She Knows".
Although themes of sex and love are dominant on the album, the song "Losing My Way" diverges to a more serious topic, which was inspired by a documentary of crystal meth addiction that Timberlake watched. Meanwhile, "(Another Song) All Over Again" is a homage to soul musician Donny Hathaway, according to Timberlake.
The lyrics to "What Goes Around... Comes Around" are thought to have similar meaning to "Cry Me a River". In an interview, he revealed that the song was based on one of his friends' experience. "My Love" was also noted as "arguably" similar with "Cry Me a River". Timberlake however confirmed in many interviews that the record is not autobiographical, although he himself had an experience from which to draw.
Release and promotion
FutureSex/LoveSounds was released worldwide on September 13, 2006. More than a year after its initial release, a deluxe edition of the album was issued on November 27, 2007. This edition contains three additional tracks on the album, each featuring guest artist. One of the tracks is a re-recording of "Until the End of Time", now a duet between Timberlake and American R&B singer Beyoncé. Also included with the Deluxe Edition is a bonus DVD, which contains footage from Timberlake's live performances and behind the scenes on the music videos of four singles, including "SexyBack" and "What Goes Around... Comes Around". The main album included with the Deluxe Edition is the edited version; and an explicit version was not issued.
According to Billboard magazine, Jive's mother company Sony BMG offered 71 distinct products to tie in with FutureSex/LoveSounds. This was an attempt at finding solutions to declining sales in physical albums, and Timberlake's album was among those offered in various configurations and versions. Aside from the album itself, the project included digital versions, ringtones, wallpapers and individual tracks.
Before, an artist's release was made available in less than ten formats. In recent years, however, versioning strategies have been increasingly applied to the recording industry. On the 2010 book The Music Industry: Music in the Cloud which examines such context, author Patrik Wikström noted FutureSex/LoveSounds as one "high-profile" example. From the project, a total of 115 versions or products have been sold. According to the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI), the project has sold more than 19 million units worldwide, 20 percent of which were sales on CD format.
Singles
Six major singles were issued from the album, led by "SexyBack" which was released on July 7, 2006, two months prior to the publication of the album. Regarding the song, Timberlake surmised he did not sound like he did before. "SexyBack", which lacks his distinctive falsetto, is seen as a complete departure from Timberlake's recognized sound, and his management thought it might risk being unrecognizable as a "Justin Timberlake song". But that risk nonetheless appealed to Timberlake, who reportedly insisted to have "SexyBack" released as the album's lead single. Jive Records executive Barry Weiss, who initially doubted the suggestion, later told in an interview in February 2007 that albeit an "unusual record", it was a "risk that clearly paid off".
"SexyBack" was followed with the release of "My Love" in the third quarter of 2006, and "What Goes Around... Comes Around" in early January 2007. The single releases for the standard edition of the album spanned a year, during which time the fourth single, "LoveStoned/I Think She Knows", was released. When the deluxe edition was issued, the duet version of "Until the End of Time" was also released in the same month. The single version includes as its B-side the "Set the Mood (Prelude)", which is juxtaposed with "Summer Love" in the album's track listing. The European release of "Until the End of Time" omits "Set the Mood (Prelude)", and instead included "Summer Love" as double A-side.
Commercially, the album's first three singles have been the most successful in the domestic music market. They each peaked at number one on the US Billboard Hot 100, giving Timberlake credit as the only artist to achieve such feat since R&B singer Usher accomplished four chart-topping singles between February and December 2004. "SexyBack" and "My Love" have since been certified multi-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), an achievement that was seen as "rare" amidst free file-sharing in the Internet, which had made reaching the million mark in sales a struggle in the music industry.
Tour
In support of the album, Timberlake embarked on the FutureSex/LoveShow, his first concert tour on a global scale. Promoted primarily by AEG Live, the concert tour reached North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania, with 119 venues in total. It began on January 8, 2007, in San Diego, California, and culminated in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, on December 6, 2007. FutureSex/LoveShow, which drew 1.6 million people worldwide, grossed a total of US$126.8 million, the third top-grossing concert tour in 2007.
In May 2007, it was announced that Timberlake signed a deal with HBO network to broadcast the live concert. Timberlake previously appeared on an HBO special, which aired the *NSYNC Live From Madison Square Garden concert in 2000. FutureSex/LoveShow was taped on the second night at the Madison Square Garden on August 16, 2007. The footage was broadcast by HBO on September 3, 2007, and later on September 6 due to demand. On November 20, 2007, a two-disc edition of FutureSex/LoveShow: Live from Madison Square Garden was released on DVD and Blu-ray formats that were sold exclusively by the retailer Best Buy. The release included extra footage including a song-by-song commentary by Timberlake and pre- and post-show clips.
In 2008, the broadcast earned Timberlake an Emmy Award in the category Outstanding Picture Editing For A Special (Single Or Multi-Camera). For Timberlake's performance of "What Goes Around... Comes Around" at the Madison Square Garden, Josh Tyrangiel of Time magazine ranked it second on its list of top ten live performances in 2007. Tyrangiel writes, "It's a little on the long side, but Timberlake earns this symphonic take on What Goes Around from his HBO special." On October 31, 2007, Billboard magazine announced the finalists for the 2007 Billboard Touring Awards, which was based on actual box office performance from January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2007. Timberlake was nominated in the categories Top Tour, Top Draw and Breakthrough Artist; he won the latter that was announced during the awards show on November 15, 2007.
Critical reception
FutureSex/LoveSounds was met with generally positive reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 70, based on 25 reviews. Torque commended Timberlake for "manag[ing] to surprise with an eclectic collection of sounds, and in a good way". Katy Kroll of Billboard noted the album's sound as a "bit different, but the music's sex appeal remains a force to be reckoned with". Ann Powers of the Los Angeles Times suggested that the album is not "an easy listen at first", but "repeated listening helps the tunes unravel". AllMusic senior editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine commended Timberlake's "clear musical vision" and stated that the "serious undercurrent" of several songs on the album, "when combined with Timbaland's retro-future production makes FutureSex/LoveSounds fascinating." Kelefa Sanneh of The New York Times stated, "How well do Mr. Timberlake and Timbaland work together? So well that they can make even the world's most irritating percussion instrument, the human beatbox, sound pretty good." He also took notice of the album's preludes and interludes, writing, "Timbaland has long been known for hiding little surprises near the end of songs, and here he takes his obsession with transformation to new heights."
In a mixed review, Uncut magazine found the album "laudable, but overreaching". Vibe felt that Timberlake and Timbaland's songwriting is "frustratingly awkward". Alexis Petridis, writing for The Guardian, said that the album "almost works: close, but no enema". Ben Williams of New York magazine commented that Timberlake is "better at being sappy than sexy" and concluded, "If he hasn't yet invented a persona intriguing enough to live up to his music, give him credit for being one of the few white men still brave enough to make black music." Robert Christgau of Rolling Stone found Timberlake's "best new" songs "thrilling", although "some of the up-tempo stuff flirts with mechanical muscle-flexing" and "Losing My Way" is a "well-meaning" but "clueless embarrassment." In his consumer guide for MSN Music, he cited "My Love" and "SexyBack" as highlights and gave the album a three-star honorable mention, indicating "an enjoyable effort consumers attuned to its overriding aesthetic or individual vision may well treasure".
Accolades
The album earned numerous best-of lists in 2006 and the following years. Music magazine Rolling Stone listed FutureSex/LoveSounds as their 26th among 2006's top 50 albums of the year. On the British newspaper The Observer, the album made it at number 47 on the publication's list best 50 albums of 2006. On the general publication Time, the album is ranked eighth among its list of ten best albums in 2006. The publication notes that Timberlake "levitates into a falsetto that honors Prince and Michael Jackson without stealing from them".
FutureSex/LoveSounds earned numerous best-of-the-decade lists. Rolling Stone ranked it 46th on their top 100 albums of the 2000s - calling it "an avant-garde sprawl of abstract electronica and hallucinatory space funk". Entertainment Weekly ranked the album at number nine on their list of 10 best albums of the decade. It says that FutureSex/LoveSounds is an album that "redefined pop's cutting edge". Earlier in 2008, the album made it at number 31 on the magazine's 100 new classics in music. The album received additional acclaim from Pitchfork Media and Slant Magazine, ranking the album at number 79 and 49 on their respective "Best of the 2000s" lists. In 2013, Vibe named it the greatest album of the 2000s and ranked it at 5 on their list of "The Greatest 50 Albums Since '93". In 2015, Spin made a list of the 300 best albums of the past 30 years (1985-2014), ranking the album at number 101.
Awards
In 2007, the album received four nominations at the Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year and Pop Vocal Album. Timberlake lost the two; however, he won Best Dance Recording for "SexyBack" and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "My Love", featuring rapper T.I. The following year at the Grammys, "What Goes Around... Comes Around" was nominated for Record of the Year; Timberlake won Best Male Pop Vocal Performance for the same song and another Best Dance Recording for "LoveStoned/I Think She Knows (Interlude)". In 2007, Timberlake was nominated for seven categories at the MTV Video Music Awards, winning four, including Artist of the Year. He also earned the Quadruple Threat Award, an accolade that recognizes those artists who have excelled in multiple media including music, fashion and acting. For the album, Timberlake won Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist, Favorite Pop/Rock Album and Favorite Soul/R&B Album at the American Music Awards of 2007. For the album and its singles, Timberlake won World's Best Selling American Artist and World's Best Selling Pop Male Artist at the 2007 World Music Awards. It also won Foreign Album of the Year at the Danish Music Awards and was awarded IFPI Hong Kong Top Sales Music Award for Ten Best Sales Releases, Foreign.
Among others, it was nominated for International Album of the Year at the Juno Awards, Album of the Year at the MTV Australia Awards, International Album of the Year at the NRJ Music Awards, and International Album at the Brit Awards. In the two latter he won their awards for International Male Artist of the Year.
Commercial performance
Fueled by its lead single "SexyBack", FutureSex/LoveSounds sold more than 684,000 copies in its first week, debuting at No. 1 on the Billboard 200, the official US albums chart. It became Timberlake's first number-one album as a solo artist. The album has sold over four million units in the United States, and has been certified four-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). FutureSex/LoveSounds became the eighteenth best-selling album of 2006 in the United States. As of 2018, the album has accumulated 6.49 million album-equivalent units in the country, combining sales (4.7 million copies sold) and equivalent streams.
Internationally, the album was also well received, selling almost equal units and topping many charts worldwide. Sony BMG distinguished FutureSex/LoveSounds as the biggest-selling album among the record company's releases in 2006. Weiss noted that in the past three to five years before the album's release, American artists found it increasingly hard to achieve commercial success in international music markets. He found that Timberlake was among those few "that successfully sells in every country around the world". According to MTV, the album has since sold more than 10 million units worldwide.
In the United Kingdom, the album debuted at number one. FutureSex/LoveSounds became the biggest pre-order album in iTunes history, breaking the all-time record for one week digital sales previously held by the English alternative rock band Coldplay. Elsewhere in Europe, the album debuted at number one in Ireland, and opened at number two in Sweden and Switzerland. In Australia, the album peaked at number one and has since been certified five-times platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association, denoting shipments of over 350,000 units. FutureSex/LoveSounds was the thirty-fourth best-selling album of 2006 in Australia, and third in the following year. In 2006, FutureSex/LoveSounds was ranked as the 18th most popular album of the year on the Billboard 200. The following year, FutureSex/LoveSounds was ranked as the 7th most popular album of 2007 on the Billboard 200.
Legacy
The success of FutureSex/LoveSounds affected both Timberlake's and Timbaland's careers. For Timberlake, it further established his career as a solo artist. He comments, "'SexyBack' was the point when people stopped asking me when *NSYNC were going to reunite and started asking what I was going to do next." Timberlake has also beefed up his fan base, gaining "hipster" fans in the wake of the album's success. Combining the international success of Timberlake's FutureSex/LoveSounds and Nelly Furtado's Loose, demands for Timbaland's work reportedly surged. Writing for Entertainment Weekly, Chris Willman remarked that FutureSex/LoveSounds is "like Timberlake's 'cred' record", although Chris Collis said Timbaland nearly stole the spotlight, sharing with Timberlake the "star" status.
Aside from earning critical acclaim for the album, according to Sia Michel of The New York Times, Timberlake was responsible for popularizing in 2006 the catchphrase "I'm bringing sexy back", which is culled from the lead single "SexyBack". It spawned a "phenomenon" in which video-makers spoofed the song. At least four parodies gained attention such as "SweatyBack" and "HairyBack". In 2007, Timberlake is ranked among Time magazine's 100 men and women "whose power, talent or moral example is transforming the world". For the publication, Timbaland writes, "It's as if Justin had been born 26 years ago to deliver music to the world. There are those who follow and those who lead. Justin is a leader, setting the bar for what's expected of others." The album has been added to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's musical library and archive. Andrew Barker of Variety (2016) stated the album "helped recalibrate the sonic frequency of several years' worth of pop-radio trends."
In 2013, Maura Johnston from Vibe called it an "ambitious classic", writing FutureSex/LoveSounds "musically propelled the pop&B genre with audio novellas, interlude twists, Timbaland's weirdo sound effects and that irresistible falsetto" and "embraced the hard/soft duality implied by the title to thrilling effect—and because of their mastery of that balancing act, FutureSex/LoveSounds would go on to influence, if not define, much of the pop music that came after it." also adding it "pushed boundaries more forcefully than works by fellow crooners R. Kelly and Usher." For its 10th anniversary, Rolling Stone editor Brittany Spanos wrote "Ten years ago, Timberlake destroyed any doubt of his artistry or potential with the mature, innovative FutureSex/LoveSounds. The pop star experimented with R&B, funk and rock to create a piece of music well ahead of its time. Today, the LP's influence can still be heard in everything from the worldly electro-soul of Zayn Malik to the moody sound of newcomers like Bryson Tiller. The album also signaled Timberlake's transition from pop hitmaker and Hollywood It Boy to a legitimate force as a musician and actor."
FutureSex/LoveSounds was ranked as the 97th best album of all time on the Billboard Top 200 Albums of All Time.
Track listing
All songs are written and produced by Justin Timberlake, Timothy "Timbaland" Mosley, and Nate "Danja" Hills, except where noted.
Notes
"Damn Girl" contains a sample of "A New Day (Is Here at Last)", written and performed by J. C. Davis.
signifies a remix producer.
Personnel
Credits are adapted from album’s liner notes.
Justin Timberlake - lead and background vocals, guitar (5), additional beat box (5), keyboards (9), choir arrangement and director (11), piano (12)
Richard Adkins - violin (10)
Peggy Baldwin - cello (10)
Adrienne Banks - choir (11)
Davis Barnett - viola (5, 6, 11)
Brian Benning - violin (10)
Charlie Bisharat - violin (10)
Benorce Blackmon - guitar (12)
Paul Blake - guitar (1)
Roni “SuSu” Bobien - choir (11)
Ida Bodin - double bass (10)
Kevin Brandon - double bass (10)
Tyann Brown - choir (11)
David Campbell - conductor and string arrangements (12)
Mark Cargill - contractor, concertmaster, and violin (10)
Lenny Castro - percussion (12)
Susan Chatman - violin (10)
Phillippa “Pip” Clarke - violin (10)
Jeff Clayton - flute (10)
Mary Collymore - choir (11)
Heather Covington - choir (11)
Salvator Cracchiolo - trumpet (10)
Mario De León - violin (12)
Yvette Devereaux - violin (10)
Jenny D’Lorenzo - cello (5, 6, 11)
Andrew Duckles - viola (12)
Melvin Dunlap - bass (12)
Ernest Ehrhardt - cello (10)
James Ford - trumpet (10)
Matt Funes - viola (12)
James Gadson - drums (12)
Pam Gates - violin (10)
Larry Gold - conductor and string arrangements (5, 6, 11)
Nate “Danja” Hills - drums and keyboards (1-7, 9-11)
Smokey Hormel - guitar (12)
Robert James - choir (11)
Gloria Justin - violin (5, 6, 11)
Suzie Katayama - cello (12)
Valarie King - flute (10)
Emma Kummrow - violin (5, 6, 11)
Timothy Landauer - cello (12)
Hope Lawrence - choir (11)
Songa Lee-Kitto - violin (10)
Natalie Leggett - violin (12)
Jennifer Levin - violin (12)
Darrin McCann - viola (12)
Marisa McLeod - violin (10)
Clarence McDonald - organ (12)
Roudy Michel - choir contractor (11)
Melinda Michelle - choir (11)
Patrick Morgan - viola (10)
Giovana Moraga - cello (10)
Oresa Napper - choir (11)
Michele Nardone - viola (10)
Charles Parker Jr. - violin (5, 6, 11)
Cameron Patrick - viola (10)
Darryl Pearson - bass (2, 3)
Bill Pettaway - guitar (2)
Ta-Ron Pollard - choir (11)
Michele Richards - violin (12)
Kathleen Robertson - violin (10)
Jimbo Ross - viola (10)
Renee Smith - choir (11)
Caleb Speir - bass (8)
Tereza Stanislav - violin (12)
Nancy Stein-Ross - cello (10)
Igor Szwec - violin (5, 6, 11)
T.I. - rap (4)
Three 6 Mafia - rap (7)
Timbaland - drums (1-7, 9-11), keyboards (2-7, 9-11), additional vocals (2, 7), background vocals (3, 4), beat box (5)
Mari Tsumura - violin (10)
Josephina Vergara - violin (12)
Hezekiah Walker - narrator (11)
Ahmed Wallace - choir (11)
Thomas Warren - choir (11)
Imani Welch - choir (11)
will.i.am - drum programming, keyboards, and rap (8)
John Wittenberg - violin (12)
Benjamin Wright - conductor and string arrangements (10)
Craig Wiggins - choir arrangement and director (11)
Production
Executive Producer: Justin Timberlake
Produced by Justin Timberlake (1-11), Timbaland and Nate “Danja” Hills (1-7, 9-11), will.i.am (8), Rick Rubin (12)
Production Coordinator for Rick Rubin: Lindsay Chase
Recorded by Jimmy Douglass (1-7, 9-11), Ethan Willoughby (4), Padraic Kerin (8), Jason Lader (12)
Mixed by Jimmy Douglass & Timbaland (1-7, 9-11), Serban Ghenea (8), Andrew Scheps (12)
Assistant Engineers: Scott Elgin & Rob Montes (8)
Strings Recorded by Jeff Chestek (5, 6, 11), Kaliq Glover (10)
Assisted by John Stahl (5, 6, 11)
Pro Tools Engineer: Lisa Hampton (10)
Additional Pro Tools Engineer: John Hanes (8)
Additional Engineering: Ethan Willoughby (10), Dana Nielson (12)
Assisted by Phillip Broussard (12)
Technical Director: Dave Hampton (10)
Three 6 Mafia Vocals Recorded by Ari Raskin (7)
Mastered by Herb Powers Jr. for PM Entertainment
Assisted by Ricardo Gutierrez
Management: Johnny Wright for Wright Entertainment Group, Paul & Lynn Harless for Just-in Time Entertainment Inc.
Legal Representation: Gary Stiffelman (Ziffren, Brittenham, Branca, Ficher, Gilbert-Lurie, Stiffelman, Cook, Johnson, Lande & Wolf LLP)
Business Management: Barry Klarberg, Kyle Tessiero of Guggenheim Partners, LLC
Marketing/Promotions/Publicity: M2M Construction LLC, Sonia Muckle & Louis Muckle
A&R: Venus Brown for Buddah Brown Entertainment, Inc.
A&R Administration: Nancy Roof
Production Coordinator: Stephanie Cooper Willoughby for Buddah Brown Entertainment, Inc.
Sample Clearance: David Schmidt & Kobie “The Quarterback” Brown
Creative Director: Doug Lloyd
Design: LLOYD&CO
Photography: Terry Richardson
Stylist: Joe Zee
Hair: Frankie Payne
Grooming: Catherine Furniss
Additional Photography: Rankin
Stylist: Annie Psaltiras
Grooming: Kim Verbeck
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
All-time chart
Certifications
Release history
See also
List of UK Albums Chart number ones of the 2000s
List of number-one albums of 2006 (Australia)
List of number-one albums of 2006 (Canada)
List of number-one albums of 2006 (Ireland)
List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2006
References
Bibliography
External links
2006 albums
Albums produced by Danja (record producer)
Albums produced by Justin Timberlake
Albums produced by Rick Rubin
Albums produced by Timbaland
Albums produced by will.i.am
Jive Records albums
Justin Timberlake albums
Art pop albums
Progressive pop albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FutureSex/LoveSounds |
New York State Route 29 (NY 29) is a state highway extending for across the eastern portion of the U.S. state of New York. The western terminus of the route is at NY 28 and NY 169 in Middleville, Herkimer County. The eastern terminus of the route is at NY 22 just south of Salem, Washington County. NY 29 also serves the cities of Johnstown and Saratoga Springs and intersects four major north–south roadways: NY 10, NY 30, U.S. Route 9, and U.S. Route 4.
When the NY 29 designation was created in the 1920s, the route extended from Barneveld in the west to Salem in the east. The Trenton-Middleville segment became part of an extended NY 28 in 1930. Since that time, the route has remained virtually unchanged, excluding minor realignments in Fulton County.
Route description
Herkimer County
NY 29 begins at an intersection with NY 28 and NY 169 in Middleville, a small village situated on West Canada Creek in western Herkimer County. The route heads east, passing out of the village and into the towns of Fairfield and Salisbury, where NY 29 intersects NY 170 and NY 170A, respectively, on opposite sides of the town line.
Past NY 170A, as well as the hamlet of Salisbury centered around the junction, NY 29 continues to Salisbury Center. In the center of the community, NY 29A, a northerly alternate to NY 29, splits off and heads east toward the southernmost reaches of Adirondack Park. NY 29, however, curves south, paralleling Spruce Creek to the village of Dolgeville, located on the Herkimer-Fulton County line. Within the village, NY 29 meets NY 167 prior to crossing over the East Canada Creek (and entering Fulton County) and leaving Dolgeville.
Fulton County
Once in Fulton County, NY 29 turns southeast as it heads through Oppenheim. In the hamlet of Oppenheim, located midway between the limits of Dolgeville and Ephratah, the route meets the northern end of the short NY 331, a route leading to the hamlet of Crum Creek to the south. Farther east, NY 29 begins to turn to the east as it passes into Ephratah. Although only of NY 29 is located within the town, the route overlaps NY 10, a major north–south route, for roughly near the eastern town line prior to entering the town of Johnstown.
Just across the town line, NY 29 intersects NY 10A, an alternate route of NY 10 around both the Ephratah hamlet of Rockwood and nearby Rockwood Lake. NY 29 continues on, passing north of the Cork Center Reservoir and south of the smaller Cold Brook Reservoir before entering the city of Johnstown as West State Street. At Green Street, NY 29 bears right on William Street, then joins with NY 67 at East Main Street. After crossing downtown, the concurrency ends with NY 67 following East State Street toward Amsterdam. NY 29 then reaches Comrie Avenue, turning left to join with NY 30A briefly to an intersection with Briggs Street, a westward extension of the major business section of that stretch of Comrie Avenue. NY 29 turns east here to leave the city; however, west of NY 30A, Briggs Street is state-maintained as well as NY 920C (an unsigned reference route) for an additional to where the street crosses a tributary of Hale Creek. This portion of the street is generally wider than that of the city-maintained portion. Several businesses are accessed on both sides, as well as a side entrance to the nearby Johnstown Arterial Plaza. The Jansen Avenue Elementary School playground is also along this route.
East of Johnstown, NY 29 heads northeast, intersecting Steele Avenue Extension (unsigned NY 920J and the former eastern terminus of NY 29A) just west of the Mayfield town line. NY 29 continues into Mayfield, meeting both the current eastern terminus of NY 29A and NY 30 in the vicinity of the hamlet of Vail Mills. Past Mayfield, NY 29 passes through both the village and town of Broadalbin before crossing into Saratoga County.
Saratoga and Washington counties
For its first few miles in Saratoga County, NY 29 roughly parallels the Galway-Providence town line as it heads eastward through a largely rural area of the county. Upon crossing into Milton, the route initially curves south to serve the hamlet of Rock City Falls before resuming an easterly track south of the Milton-Greenfield town line into the Saratoga Springs city limits. At first, the land surrounding NY 29 is largely undeveloped; however, the amount of open space rapidly declines as the route continues toward the city center. Once in the core of the city, NY 29 becomes Washington Street and continues east for several blocks to Broadway, here carrying U.S. Route 9 and NY 50. NY 29 turns north, overlapping both routes to Church Street. Here, both NY 9N and the concurrency between US 9, NY 29, and NY 50 terminate, with NY 29 continuing east from the intersection as the "General Philip Schuyler Memorial Highway", named for Philip Schuyler, a general in the American Revolution. Just outside the city center, NY 29 passes under Interstate 87 with no access; the missing connection is made via NY 9P a short distance to the south.
The memorial designation stays with NY 29 as it exits Saratoga Springs and parallels Fish Creek to Schuylerville, where it intersects U.S. Route 4 and NY 32. Here, the highway name comes to an end; however, NY 29 continues on, overlapping US 4 and NY 32 south for two blocks to Ferry Street. NY 29 then follows Ferry Street out of the village and across the Hudson River on the Schuylerville Bridge into Washington County.
Near the village of Greenwich in the town of the same name, NY 29 briefly overlaps NY 40 across the Batten Kill before splitting north of the river and entering the village as Main Street. The route retains the name up to Salem Street, at which point NY 29 turns east onto Salem while Main becomes NY 372. NY 29 exits the village of Greenwich soon after and begins to parallel the northern bank of the Batten Kill as it heads northeastward through the town of Greenwich. Near the hamlet of East Greenwich, the path of the route and of the river becomes more easterly as NY 29 intersects County Route 49 (CR 49), once the southeastern terminus of NY 338. From East Greenwich, NY 29 and the Batten Kill cross into Salem, where NY 29 comes to an end at NY 22 south of the village of Salem.
History
In 1908, the New York State Legislature created Route 26, an unsigned legislative route that extended from Little Falls to Barneveld via Dolgeville and Salisbury. Also created at this time was Route 37, which ran from Johnstown to Ballston Spa via Galway. Route 26 roughly followed what is now NY 29 from Dolgeville west to Fairfield while Route 37 utilized the NY 29 corridor from Johnstown to the modern junction with NY 147 at Kimball Corners. In 1910, Route 26 was reconfigured to begin in Mohawk and follow what is now NY 169 and NY 28 between Little Falls and Barneveld. Route 37, meanwhile, was altered twice by 1912 to begin in Dolgeville and follow modern NY 29 east to Johnstown. East of Johnstown, it was tentatively routed on Fulton County's CR 107 and current NY 30 to Broadalbin, where Route 37 rejoined the path of modern NY 29 and followed it east to Saratoga Springs.
Much of what is now NY 29 east of Saratoga Springs was included in the legislative route system during the 1910s. In 1911, the portion of modern NY 29 west of the Hudson River in Schuylerville was designated as part of Route 43, a new route that extended south from Schuylerville to Stillwater. The segment of current NY 29 between Saratoga Springs and Grange Hall Road west of Schuylerville became part of Route 25 by 1920. On March 1, 1921, Routes 25, 37, and 43 were reconfigured as part of a partial renumbering of New York's legislative route system. Route 37 was extended southwest to Little Falls over Route 26's original alignment and realigned between Johnstown and Broadalbin to use the path of modern NY 29. Route 43, meanwhile, was renumbered to Route 44 and extended west to Saratoga Springs over Route 25, which was altered to use current U.S. Route 9 from Glens Falls to Saratoga Springs.
NY 29 was assigned in the mid-1920s, utilizing the routing of legislative Route 37 from Dolgeville to Saratoga Springs, the alignment of Route 44 between Saratoga Springs and Schuylerville, and the original routing of Route 26 between Fairfield and Dolgeville. The route also extended farther out in both directions as it initially began in Barneveld and ended south of Salem. In between Barneveld and Fairfield, NY 29 passed through Poland and Middleville. In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, the segment of NY 29 between Barneveld and Middleville became part of an extended NY 28 while NY 29 was truncated southeastward to Middleville.
East of Johnstown, NY 29 originally zig-zagged across its current route. Some of the old alignments remain as side roads or access routes, including Schoolhouse Road, Schabacker Road, and Circle Road in the town of Johnstown. The old route also followed current Fulton County Route 155 through Vail Mills, where it overlaps briefly with NY 30 and continues into the village of Broadalbin. In Broadalbin, original NY 29 entered as West Main Street, turning right onto Mill Street, then left on Saratoga Avenue, leaving the village and meeting the current routing. East of Broadalbin, other original alignments included Stevers Mill Roads, Mueller Road, and Old State Road. The current alignment between Broadalbin and the Saratoga County line was built in the early 1950s while the bypass around Vail Mills and Broadalbin was completed .
Major intersections
NY 29A
NY 29A () is an alternate route of NY 29 between Salisbury and Broadalbin, accessing Gloversville. It was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York.
NY 29 Truck
New York State Route 29 Truck is a truck route bypassing NY 29 eastbound in Downtown Saratoga Springs
See also
References
External links
029
Transportation in Fulton County, New York
Transportation in Herkimer County, New York
Transportation in Saratoga County, New York
Transportation in Washington County, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20State%20Route%2029 |
L9 may refer to:
Military
HMS L9, a British L class submarine
L9 Bar Mine, a large rectangular British anti-tank landmine
L9A1 51 mm light mortar, used by the British Army
Royal Ordnance L9, a British tank gun
USS L-9 (SS-49), an L-class submarine of the United States Navy
Science and technology
60S ribosomal protein L9, a protein that is encoded by the human RPL9 gene
Level 9 Computing, a text-based game company
LG Optimus L9, a mobile smartphone
LG L9, a system on a chip for Smart TV devices
Motorola SLVR L9, a mobile phone
Other uses
Barcelona Metro line 9, in Barcelona, Spain
Stinson L-9, a 1940s American light utility monoplane
Teamline Air, IATA code
See also
9L (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L9 |
T Shirt is a 1976 album by Loudon Wainwright III. Unlike his earlier records, this (and the subsequent Final Exam) saw Wainwright adopt a full blown rock band (Slowtrain) - though there are acoustic songs on T Shirt, including a talking blues. According to Wainwright on the 2006 CD liner notes, it received a scathing review from Rolling Stone which depressed him so much he stayed in bed for five days. By the early 1990s, he disowned the album in a radio interview broadcast in Australia. However, by the time of the CD remaster (which included Final Exam) he admitted to a much more sympathetic view of the album(s), which he referred to as his 'puppies'.
Track listing
All tracks composed by Loudon Wainwright III; except where indicated
"Bicentennial"
"Summer's Almost Over"
"Hollywood Hopeful" (Traditional; arranged and adapted by Loudon Wainwright III)
"Reciprocity"
"At Both Ends"
"Wine with Dinner"
"Hey Packy" (George Gerdes)
"California Prison Blues"
"Talking Big Apple '75"
"Prince Hal's Dirge"
"Just Like President Thieu"
"Wine with Dinner (Night Cap)"
Personnel
Musicians
Loudon Wainwright III - guitar, banjo, bells, vocals
Richard Davis - bass
Hank Jones - keyboards
David Sanborn - saxophone
Marvin Stamm - cornet, trumpet
Jimmy Maelen - congas
Elliott Randall - electric guitar
David Taylor - bass trombone
Eric Weissberg - banjo
Charles Brown III - electric guitar
Jeanie Arnold - vocals
Jon Cobert - piano
Joe Cocuzzo - drums
Kenny Kosek - violin
Richard Crooks - drums, spoons
John Crowder - bass
Ron Getman - steel guitar
Don Hammond - alto recorder
Jimmy Iovine - backing vocals
Peter La Barbera - vibraphone
John Lissauer - clarinet, arrangements
George Marge - recorder
Irwin "Marky" Markowitz - cornet, trumpet
Charlie Messing - guitar, vocals
Gwynne Michaels - backing vocals
Glen Mitchell - clavinet, electric piano, organ
Paul Prestopino, Maggie & Terre Roche - vocals
Christie Thompson - backing vocals
Stephen Tubin - organ, piano, synthesizer
Joanne Vent - backing vocals
Technical
Jimmy Iovine - engineer, mixing
Benno Friedman - cover photography
Release history
LP: Arista AL4063 (U.S.)
LP: Arista RTY127 (UK)
CD: Arcadia ACAD 8142 (2 CD with Final Exam (U.S. 2007)
References
"Prince Hals Dirge" is a reference to Henry IV, Part II by Shakespeare
"Just Like President Thieu" references South Vietnam's recently deposed Prime Minister Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
"Bicentennial" is a sarcastic reference to the United States's upcoming 'birthday', where Wainwright celebrates heroes like Jack Ruby
"California Prison Blues" is a time capsule, referencing Charles Manson, 'Squeaky' Lynette Fromme, Patty Hearst (and her father), Timothy Leary, and Eldridge Cleaver.
"Wine with Dinner" mentions Dean Martin and Foster Brooks
Loudon Wainwright III albums
1976 albums
Arista Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%20Shirt%20%28album%29 |
Nathan "The Hobbit" Friend (born 28 February 1981 in Toowoomba, Queensland) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Gold Coast Titans in the National Rugby League (NRL). He previously played for the Brisbane Broncos, Melbourne Storm and New Zealand Warriors. He plays as a .
Early life
Born and raised in Toowoomba, Friend started playing league at the age of five for Wests Juniors, staying with the club until under-15 level. He was then picked for the Toowoomba under-17 side, subsequently playing one season in the local A-grade competition. In 2000 he joined the Brisbane Broncos' feeder club, the Toowoomba Clydesdales and in 2002 he moved to Brisbane to train full-time with the Broncos. He made his first-grade debut later that year.
Playing career
Friend joined the Melbourne Storm in 2003. In 2005, he announced that he would be one of the founding members of the Gold Coast in 2007.
The 2006 NRL season was the first season where Friend played regular first grade football. Out of Melbourne's 29 matches in 2006, Friend played in 21 of the games including all three of the Storm's finals series matches. Friend only lost two games out of the 21 he played in 2006. He played in the 2006 NRL Grand Final for Melbourne as one of their interchange players. Melbourne lost the match 15–8 to his former club the Brisbane Broncos at Telstra Stadium.
In 2007, Friend played on the interchange bench in the Titans' inaugural game, a 20–18 home loss to the St George Illawarra Dragons. He continued to play on the bench for the first eight games of the season. In Round 9, he replaced Clint Amos as the Titans' starting hooker and remained first choice hooker for the rest of the season. The Titans' Round 20 loss to the South Sydney Rabbitohs was the only game in the 2007 season that Friend did not play in.
In 2008, Friend remained first choice hooker for the Titans. He scored his first ever try in first grade in the Titans' 30–12 away loss to the St George Illawarra Dragons in Round 2.
The 2009 NRL season was Friend's best year in the NRL. He played as starting hooker in all of the club's matches in 2009 as the Gold Coast reached the finals for the first time, finishing in third place. He scored more tries in 2009 than he did in the rest of his NRL career, scoring four. Their season ended in disappointment with the Titans losing both of their finals games to the Brisbane Broncos and Parramatta Eels respectively. Friend won the Paul Broughton Medal for the Gold Coast Titans' player of the year in 2009.
In 2010, Friend again played in all of the Titans' games in that season. This meant that he had played 56 consecutive games for the Gold Coast Titans. Friend was also given an opportunity to play State of Origin due to an injury to first choice hooker Cameron Smith before game one. Friend was up against other Queensland hookers such as Matt Ballin, Andrew McCullough, Jake Friend, Kevin Kingston and Aaron Payne. Matt Ballin was selected ahead of Friend, mainly due to his age.
The Gold Coast had a slow start to the 2011 season, losing all of their first three games. Friend was injured and unable to play in all of these games and many attribute the losses to the fact that Friend was absent and his replacement Riley Brown did not have the same impact as Friend. His injury also meant that his run of 56 consecutive matches for the Titans came to an end. At the end of the 2011 NRL season, the Gold Coast finished last on the table and claimed their first wooden spoon.
On 11 April 2011, Friend signed with New Zealand Warriors for the 2012 and 2013 seasons with an option for 2014. In August 2013 the Warriors took up the option for 2014 and in May 2014 his persistent tackling saw them extending his stay at the Warriors by a further year, for the 2015 season.
In round 18 2015, in the Warriors' last victory of the season, against the Melbourne Storm, Friend was a key player in one of the best tries of the season. He was upended and displayed his best acrobatic moves after chasing a Chad Townsend bomb kick, delivering a jaw-dropping back flip pass between his legs to Sam Tomkins.
On 30 July 2015, after four years with the Warriors, Friend signed a 1-year contract to return to the Gold Coast, starting in 2016.
Post playing
Friend retired at the end of the 2016 NRL season and now works as a bricklayer, a job he did part time during his playing career.
References
External links
Gold Coast Titans profile
New Zealand Warriors Profile
Rugby League Project Profile
rleague Profile
1981 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
NRL All Stars players
New Zealand Warriors players
Gold Coast Titans players
Melbourne Storm players
Brisbane Broncos players
Toowoomba Clydesdales players
Rugby league hookers
Rugby league players from Toowoomba | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan%20Friend |
Frank Mula (January 20, 1950 – December 17, 2021) was an American television writer. He wrote for Cosby, Madame's Place, Grand, The Simpsons, and created the series Local Heroes which lasted 7 episodes.
Life and career
Mula was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and was raised in South River. He graduated from South River High School, and earned a master's degree from Rutgers University. In the late 1970s, he moved to California to pursue a career in writing comedy, after having success in faxing jokes to Joan Rivers. For his work on The Simpsons, Mula won two Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Animated Program.
Simpsons showrunner Mike Reiss remembered Mula as a quiet man who spoke little in the writers' room but was brilliant when he did. He solved a longstanding problem of how to resolve the episode "Lisa the Beauty Queen" by getting Lisa disqualified.
He died in Glendale, California, on December 17, 2021, at the age of 71.
Writing credits
The Simpsons episodes
He has written the following episodes:
"I Love Lisa" (1993)
"The Last Temptation of Homer" (1993)
"Faith Off" (2000)
References
External links
1950 births
2021 deaths
American television writers
American male television writers
People from South River, New Jersey
Rutgers University alumni
South River High School (New Jersey) alumni
[ | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Mula |
Lisa Dean Ryan (born April 30, 1972) is an American actress. She played Wanda Plenn, the girlfriend of the eponymous character in the series Doogie Howser, M.D., appearing in the series from 1989 to 1992.
Career
Ryan co-starred as Jessica Cohen in the series Class of '96, which ran for one season in 1993. The following year, she co-starred as Maria Cavalos in the MTV series Dead at 21. The series ended after thirteen episodes. She has also guest starred in 21 Jump Street, Beverly Hills, 90210, Boy Meets World, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Diagnosis: Murder, NYPD Blue and Cold Case.
In 2004, Ryan co-starred in Disney Channel film Tiger Cruise opposite Hayden Panettiere and Bill Pullman. Her last acting credit was the 2005 Hallmark Channel film Mystery Woman: Vision of a Murder with Kellie Martin.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1972 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
American child actresses
American film actresses
American television actresses
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Wilson Classical High School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%20Dean%20Ryan |
Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan (23 March 1911 – 12 June 1983) was the last ruling Nawab of princely state of Loharu, reigning from 1926 to 1947.
Born on 23 March 1911 in Delhi, he studied at Aitchison College, Lahore, later, Member of the Chamber of Princes, and briefly served the Indian Army and saw action during the Liberation of Goa in 1961 .
He was a leader of the regional Indian National Congress party, and became a member of the Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan (MLA), and subsequently the 'Minister Public Works Department', Government of Rajasthan from 1967 to 1976.
He was appointed the 2nd governor of Himachal Pradesh (1977–1981) and 11th governor of Punjab (1981–1982).
He donated the famous and valuable library collection of his family to the Raza Library in Rampur. He died at New Delhi on 12 June 1983, aged 72.
Personal life
He had one daughter from his wife, Shahzadi Sultan Begum,
Mah Bano Begum (Born 1934): married to H. E. Dr. S. M. Koreshi, Ambassador of Pakistan.
He had one daughter from his wife, Saira Begum,
Shah Bano Begum (Born 1937)
He had three children from his wife, Shaukat Jehan Begum,
Ala-uddin Ahmad Khan II (Born 1938): After staying in Kolkata for many years, he now lives in Loharu town
Durru Miyan (Born 1944): Indian National Congress politician, member Legislative Assembly of Rajasthan state, settled in Jaipur
Noor Bano (Born 1939): Married to Syed Zulfiqar Ali Khan of Rampur (Titular Nawab of Rampur), and a member 11th Lok Sabha and 13th Lok Sabha.
Titles
1911–1926: Nawabzada Mirza Amin ud-din Ahmed Khan
1926–1931: His Excellency Fakhr ud-Daula, Nawab Mirza Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Loharu
1931–1934: Second Lieutenant His Excellency Fakhr ud-Daula, Nawab Mirza Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Loharu
1934–1939: Lieutenant His Excellency Fakhr ud-Daula, Nawab Mirza Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Loharu
1939–1948: Captain His Excellency Fakhr ud-Daula, Nawab Mirza Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Loharu
1948–1961: Captain His Highness Fakhr ud-Daula, Nawab Mirza Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Loharu
1961–1983: Major His Highness Fakhr ud-Daula, Nawab Mirza Amin ud-din Ahmad Khan Bahadur, Nawab of Loharu
Honours
King George V Silver Jubilee Medal-1935
King George VI Coronation Medal-1937
Indian Independence Medal-1947
Notes
External links
Genealogy of the Nawabs of Loharu Queensland University
1911 births
Rajasthani politicians
Indian National Congress politicians
Nawabs of India
20th-century Indian Muslims
Aitchison College alumni
People from Bhiwani
Governors of Himachal Pradesh
Governors of Punjab, India
1983 deaths
Indian Army personnel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amin%20ud-din%20Ahmad%20Khan |
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a quotientable automorphism of a group is an automorphism that takes every normal subgroup to within itself. As a result, it gives a corresponding automorphism for every quotient group.
All family automorphisms are quotientable, and particularly, all class automorphisms and power automorphisms are. As well, all inner automorphisms are quotientable, and more generally, any automorphism defined by an algebraic formula is quotientable.
Group automorphisms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotientable%20automorphism |
Brightwood is a neighbourhood in Dartmouth, and part of District 9 of the Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia, Canada.
Brightwood is located between Thistle Street and Woodland Avenue (Highway 118), and contains the Brightwood Golf Course. The primary streets of the small neighbourhood are Victoria Road (Route 322) and Slayter Street. The course also borders on Crichton Park and Thistle Street
See also
Dartmouth High School
Communities in Halifax, Nova Scotia
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brightwood%2C%20Nova%20Scotia |
The Rose Center for Earth and Space is a part of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. The Center's complete name is The Frederick Phineas and Sandra Priest Rose Center for Earth and Space. The main entrance is located on the northern side of the museum on 81st Street near Central Park West in Manhattan's Upper West Side. Completed in 2000, it includes the new Hayden Planetarium, the original of which was opened in 1935 and closed in 1997. Neil deGrasse Tyson is its first and, , only director.
History
The center is an extensive reworking of the former Hayden Planetarium, whose first projector, dedicated in 1935, had 2 successors previous to the current one.
The original Hayden Planetarium was founded in 1933 with a donation by banker and philanthropist Charles Hayden of Hayden, Stone & Co.. In 1935, the Hayden Planetarium, designed by architects Trowbridge & Livingston, opened, after its construction was funded by a $650,000 loan from the Reconstruction Finance Corporation and a $150,000 donation from Charles Hayden. Its mission was to give the public "a more lively and sincere appreciation of the magnitude of the universe... and for the wonderful things which are daily occurring in the universe." Joseph M. Chamberlain, hired as an assistant curator in 1952, became Chairman of the Planetarium in 1956. In 1960, a Zeiss Mark IV projector was installed, followed by a Zeiss Mark VI projector and new seats in 1993.
In January 1997, the original Hayden Planetarium was closed and demolished. In August 1999, a new, customized Zeiss Mark IX projector was installed, accompanied by a digital dome projection system that provides a 3-D visualization of the universe based on images generated in real time by a Silicon Graphics supercomputer.
On February 19, 2000, the $210 million Frederick Phineas and Sandra Priest Rose Center for Earth and Space, containing the new Hayden Planetarium, opened to the public. The Rose Center is named after two members of the Rose family, and was designed by James Polshek and Todd H. Schliemann of Polshek Partnership Architects with the exhibition design by Ralph Appelbaum Associates. The Museum's garden was designed by Seattle based landscape architecture firm Gustafson, Guthrie, Nichol. Tom Hanks provided the voice-over for the first planetarium show during the opening of the new Rose Center for Earth & Space in the Hayden Planetarium in 2000. Since then such celebrities as Whoopi Goldberg, Robert Redford, Harrison Ford, Liam Neeson and Maya Angelou have been featured.
Design
Designed by Polshek and Todd Schliemann, the building consists of a six-story high glass cube enclosing the illuminated Hayden Sphere, which appears to float, although it is actually supported by truss work. Polshek has referred to this work as a "cosmic cathedral".
The Rose Center and its adjacent plaza are both located on the north face of the Museum; the Center encloses of research, education, and exhibition spaces, in addition to the Hayden Planetarium. Also located in the facility is the Department of Astrophysics, the newest academic research department in the Museum. Furthermore, Polshek designed the Weston Pavilion, a high transparent structure of "water white" glass along the Museum's west facade. This structure, a small companion piece to the Rose Center, offers a new entry way to the Museum, as well as opening further exhibition space for astronomically-related objects. The planetarium's original magazine, The Sky, merged with another journal, The Telescope, to become the leading astronomy magazine Sky & Telescope.
Exclusion of Pluto as a Planet
The exhibits highlight human connection to the cosmos along with the scale and properties of the observable universe itself. The new Rose Center opened on 19 February 2000 with a model of only eight planets, excluding Pluto, when there has not been a scientific consensus whether it is a planet or not, and much of the American public thought of it as the ninth planet. On 22 January 2001, almost a year later, the New York Times reported it on its front page and led to much media attention and public controversy.
Hayden Planetarium
The Hayden Planetarium (often called "The Hayden Sphere" or "The Great Sphere") has, since 2000, been one of the two main attractions within the Rose Center. It was established by the State of New York in 1933, some of the funding coming from philanthropist Charles Hayden. The top half of the Hayden Sphere houses the Star Theater, which uses high-resolution fulldome video to project “space shows” based on scientific visualization of current astrophysical data, in addition to a customized Zeiss Star Projector system replicating an accurate night sky as seen from Earth.
The Big Bang Theater occupies the bottom half of the Hayden Sphere. Utilizing a screen that measures in diameter over an bowl, a four-minute program depicts the birth of the universe, with narration by Liam Neeson. The Big Bang Theater serves as an introduction to the Heilbrun Cosmic Pathway, a spiral which wraps around the sphere, connecting the second and first floors of the Rose Center. The cosmic pathway provides a timeline of the universe's history from the Big Bang to the present day. The Heilbrun Cosmic Pathway is one of the most popular exhibits in the Rose Center, which opened February 19, 2000.
The Hayden Planetarium offers a number of courses and public presentations including the Frontiers of Astrophysics and Distinguished Authors lecture series.
Arthur Ross Terrace
The Arthur Ross Terrace is adjacent to the Rose Center for Earth and Space, and built over the new parking garage on 81st Street. This rooftop plaza is designed to be a stage set that celebrates both astronomy and Earth’s natural history, as well as an outdoor gathering place for museum visitors. Renowned landscape architect Kathryn Gustafson formed the concept for the Terrace after seeing an illustration of shadows cast by a lunar eclipse. A terrace covering was designed by Charles Morris Anderson as a Landscape Architect, and his design was awarded the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA) Design award in 2003.
Exhibits and shows
, five shows have premiered in the theater. The first show, Passport to the Universe, opened with the new theater and features the voice of Tom Hanks as a guide along a voyage from Earth to the edge of the observable universe. The Search for Life: Are We Alone? debuted in 2002, with narration by Harrison Ford describing the possibilities of extraterrestrial life. Opened in 2006 and narrated by Robert Redford, Cosmic Collisions examines the role that impacts have played in shaping the universe—including visualizations of Earth's magnetosphere, the formation of the Moon, and the meteorite impact that contributed to the end of the age of dinosaurs. Journey to the Stars, narrated by Whoopi Goldberg, premiered on, July 4, 2009, featuring extraordinary images from telescopes on the ground and in space and stunning, never-before-seen visualizations of physics-based simulations. Dark Universe, narrated by Neil deGrasse Tyson, premiered on November 2, 2013. Worlds Beyond Earth narrated by Lupita Nyong'o, premiered on March 24, 2021. It tells the story of the dynamic worlds that share our solar system and the unique conditions that make life on Earth possible.
Other exhibits can be found outside the sphere. The Gottesman Hall of the Planet Earth has displays that illustrate the Earth's geological history and weather patterns. The Cullman Hall of the Universe focuses on topics ranging from planets to stars, life on other worlds to current cosmology. The Scales of the Universe exhibit makes comparisons between the size of the Hayden Sphere and other objects in the universe presented at appropriate relative scale. There is also a photographic exhibit about the Apollo Moon landings. The photographs are throughout the first floor level of the Rose Center.
The British playwright, Stephen Laughton, is the current writer-in-residence.
In popular culture
1979: The planetarium appears as a backdrop for scenes in the film Manhattan. Woody Allen and Diane Keaton play characters who walk around within the planetarium after escaping from a sudden downburst of rain.
2001: The planetarium is briefly seen in the film K-PAX starring Kevin Spacey and Jeff Bridges.
2002: The planetarium is briefly seen in the film Men in Black II starring Tommy Lee Jones and Will Smith.
2003: The planetarium features briefly in the film Eloise at the Plaza starring Sofia Vassilieva and Julie Andrews.
2011: The planetarium is used as part of an investigation in the White Collar episode "Where There's a Will" (S03E02).
2014: The planetarium is briefly seen in the film Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb starring Ben Stiller and Robin Williams.
See also
List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City
Astronomy in New York City
References
External links
Rose Center exhibitions
Cosmic Pathway
Hall of Planet Earth
Hall of the Universe
Hayden Big Bang Theater
Hayden Planetarium
Scales of the Universe
Hayden Planetarium
Summary of the Hayden Planetarium from the Zeiss website
Arthur Ross Terrace
ASLA DESIGN AWARD 2003: ARTHUR ROSS TERRACE
Planetaria in the United States
Science museums in New York City
American Museum of Natural History
Museums established in 2000
2000 establishments in New York City
Museums in Manhattan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose%20Center%20for%20Earth%20and%20Space |
Grant Shelby Hubley Jr., known as Whip Hubley, is an American actor.
Early life and education
Hubley was born in New York City, the son of Julia Kaul (née Paine) and Grant Shelby Hubley, an entrepreneur, oil investor, and writer. He attended the Buckley School for Boys in Upper East Side, Manhattan. As a resident of Montclair, New Jersey he attended Montclair Academy which then became part of Montclair Kimberley Academy, graduating in 1975. He is the brother of actress Season Hubley, also the former brother-in-law of Kurt Russell, and uncle of Season and Kurt's son, Boston Russell.
Career
He played the role of Mischa in the 1987 film Russkies, and Hollywood in the 1986 film Top Gun. Hubley said when he first read the script for Top Gun, he thought it would be an ensemble film but producers focused the story around Maverick when they "realized what they had with Tom."
He later played Brian Hawkins in the Showtime miniseries More Tales of the City (1998) and its follow-up Further Tales of the City (2001). These miniseries were sequels to the PBS miniseries Tales of the City (1994), which starred Paul Gross in the role of Brian. From 1996 to 1999, Hubley had the lead role of Sheriff Tom Hampton on the revival of Flipper.
According to a 2022 interview with the Portland Press Herald, Hubley works as a manager for a construction firm in Southern Maine and acts in local theater productions.
Personal life
Hubley currently resides in South Portland, Maine, after spending over thirty years in Santa Monica, California. He is married to Dinah Minot, a former producer for Saturday Night Live and has three children, Molly, Ella and Ben. He met his wife while they were students at the University of Vermont. His wife is the sister of writer Susan Minot.
Filmography
1985 St. Elmo's Fire as Raymond Slater
1985 Magnum, P.I. (TV series) as Stu (1 episode)
"Round and Around" TV Episode (as Grant Hubley)
1986 Firefighter (TV) as Lance
1986 Club Life (1986) as Herb
1986 North and South, Book II (TV miniseries) as Lieutenant Stephen Kent
1986 Top Gun as Lieutenant Rick 'Hollywood' Neven
1987 Russkies as Mischa
1988 I'll Be Home for Christmas (TV)
1989 Desperado: The Outlaw Wars (TV) as Charlie Cates
1989 The Cover Girl and the Cop (TV)
1989 Everybody's Baby: The Rescue of Jessica McClure (TV) as Robert O'Donnell
1989 Nasty Boys (TV)
1989 A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (TV)
1989-1991 Life Goes On (TV series) as Dr. Oliver Matthews
1991 Wife, Mother, Murderer (TV) as Lieutenant Gary Carroll
1992 Desire and Hell at Sunset Motel as Chester DeSoto
1992 Devlin (TV) as Sam Lord
1993 Lake Consequence (TV) as Jim
1993 Coneheads as F-16 Pilot
1993 Bounty Tracker as Ralston
1994 Babylon 5 (TV series) "Signs and Portents" as Raider #1
1994 Unveiled as Peter Masters
1994 Dead at 21 (TV series) as Agent Winston
1994 Someone Else's Child (TV) as Danny
1995 Species as John Carey
1994-1996 Murder, She Wrote (TV series) as Musician / Randy Jinks
1996 Executive Decision as Sergeant Baker
1995-2000 Flipper (TV series) as Tom Hampton
1996 A Very Brady Sequel as Explorer / Dead Husband
1996 Driven as Jason Schuyler
1996 Daddy's Girl as Mark Springer
1997 Black Scorpion II: Aftershock as Michael Russo
1997 Profiler (TV series) as Drew Brenneman
1998 The Secrets of My Heart as Parker
1998 More Tales of the City (mini TV series) as Brian Hawkins
1998 Mike Hammer, Private Eye (TV series) as Loolie / Julius Llewellyn Sterling
2000 Practice (TV series) as Craig Hansen
2000 The Fugitive (TV series) as Brian Collier
2001 Fangs as Dr. John Winslow
2001 The Division (TV series) as Scott Berwin
2001 Charmed (TV series) as Detective
2001 Further Tales of the City (mini TV series) as Brian Hawkins
2001 The District (TV series) as Agent Harris
2002 MDs (TV series) as Fetterhoff
2003 CSI: Miami (TV series) as Nick Gordon
2003 The Handler (TV series) as Detective Colman
2004 A Cinderella Story as Sam's Dad
2007 Brothel as Brian
2007 Murder 101: College Can Be Murder (TV) as Stuart Evans
2009 Homeland as Edward
2013 Drones as Colonel Wallace
References
External links
American male film actors
American male television actors
Living people
Male actors from New Jersey
Male actors from New York City
Montclair Kimberley Academy alumni
Actors from Montclair, New Jersey
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whip%20Hubley |
Cirupitty Wyravanathar Thamotharampillai (Pillai) (; 12 September 1832 – 1 January 1901)), sometimes referred to by the initials as C. Y., devoted his energies to the work of editing and publishing some of the oldest works of classical Tamil poetry and grammar. According to Kamil Zvelebil, he was the first person to be "engaged in the rediscovery of the earliest classical literature" of Tamil, and that his "greatness and merits have never been acknowledged".
Early life
Cirupitty Wyravanathar Thamotharampillai was born to Vairavanathapillai and Perundevi in Siruppiddy in British Ceylon. He chose to learn Tamil grammar and English at an early age. He studied science at the renowned Vaddukottai Seminary in Jaffna at the age of twelve. After that, In 1852 he worked sometime as a teacher in a School at Kopay, Ayalur. His son Alakasundaram is also a Tamil scholar.
Graduation
After finishing his college education in 1852 at Batticotta Seminary, Thamotharampillai taught for some years under the mission and then proceeded to Madras to head a mission-run daily. There he converted to Saivism, and wishing to keep his initials C. W., took on the name Cirupitty Wyravanathar Thamotharampillai. In 1858 he became the first student in the state to appear for the first Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree examination conducted by the University of Chennai. He later became the headmaster of Tamil Nadu Kallikottai Government College. He then became an auditor on the Government Accounts Department and later as the attorney.
Editor
In 1853, he came to Chennai to become editor of the Tamil Nadu Daily Gazette run by Rev. Peter Percival, owner of the Wesleyan English School in Jaffna. He also worked as a Tamil Pandit in the Rajasthani College.
Pioneer in Publishing
In 1853 he published a Tamil book on ethics entitled 'Needhi Neri Vilakkam', which not only sparked his interest in the field of book publishing, but also earned him the title of 'pioneer of Tamil publishing'.
Manuscript Recovery
Jaffna born Pillai was the earliest scholar to systematically hunt for long-lost manuscripts and publish them using modern tools of textual criticism. These included:
Viracoliyam (1881)
Iraiyanar Akapporul (1883)
Tolkappiyam-Porulatikaram (1885)
Kalittokai (1887) - the first of the Eight Anthologies (Eṭṭuttokai).
Pillai, along with his contemporaries such as U. V. Swaminatha Iyer, was responsible for collecting and cataloguing numerous old Sangam manuscripts and preparing them into compilations and modern form.
Both Iyer and Pillai printed and published Tholkappiyam, Nachinarkiniyar urai (1895), Tholkappiyam Senavariyar urai, (1868), Manimekalai (1898), Cilappatikaram (1889), Pattupattu (1889), and Purananuru (1894), all with scholarly commentaries. Between them, they published more 100 works in all, including minor poems.
Rao Bahadur Award
He continued to study law, and in 1871 received the 'B.L.'. After passing the examination, he worked as a lawyer in Kumbakonam and in 1884 he was appointed as a Judge of the Pudukottai High Court. In 1895, after his retirement of about six years, the government conferred the title of 'Rao Bahadur' on Damodaram Pillai.
Death
At the age of sixty-nine, Thamotharampillai died on January 1, 1901 (March 18, 1901) in the Purasaiwakkam of Chennai
Memorials
Statue of Thamotharampillai established at the Kopay Christian College where he studied
Bibliography
List of books published and written by C. W. Thamotharampillai:
Published texts
C. W. Thamotharampillai published a number of ancient literature. Some of them are:
Neethi Neri Vilakkam
Cēṉāvaraiyar solladhikaaraththirku seaavaraiyar urai (1868)
Veerasoozhiyam (1881)
Irayanar Agaporul
Kalitogai
Tolkaappiya Poruladhikaarathirkaana nachinaarkiniyarurai
Thirutanigai Puranam
Ilakkana Vilakkam
Soolamani
Tolkaappiya ezhuthadhikaarathirkaana nachchinaarkkiniyanurai
Composed texts
Kattalai Kalithurai
Saiva magathuvam
Vacaṉa cūḷāmaṇi
Natchathira Maalai
Aaraam vaasaga puththagam
Ezhaam vaasaga puththagam
Aadhiyaagama keerththanam
Viviliya virodham
Gaandhamalar alladhu karpin maatchi (novel)
Books about him
Thamotharampillai's History, D.A. Rajaratnam Pillai, Published by: n. Munisami Mudaliar, 'Ananda Bodhini', Madras, 1934
References
External links
C. W. Thamotharampillai who edited and published the oldest works of Tamil poetry. News7 Tamil.
1832 births
1901 deaths
Sri Lankan Hindu revivalists
Sri Lankan Tamil revivalists
Sri Lankan Tamil writers
Rai Bahadurs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20W.%20Thamotharampillai |
The first USS Rescue was a brig in service with the United States Navy.
The brigs Rescue and , specially reinforced and fitted out for Arctic service, were offered on loan to the U.S. Government by Henry Grinnell in 1850 for use in a rescue mission tracing the ill-fated expedition which, in May 1845, had sailed from England under Sir John Franklin seeking a northwest passage. Two years later the Admiralty dispatched relief expeditions. Since there was still no news of the expedition by 1 May 1850, the U.S. Congress authorized the President to accept Mr. Grinnell's offer. In accordance with the wishes of both Congress and Mr. Grinnell, both ships were manned by volunteers from the U.S. Navy.
On 22 May, the expedition, commanded by Lt. Edwin De Haven, sailed from New York with Rescue's captain, Acting Master Samuel P. Griffin, second in command. Sailing independently the first days out, the two ships rendezvoused at the Whalefish Islands in Disko Bay, Greenland, and on 29 June headed for Melville Bay and the northern route across Baffin Bay to Lancaster Sound. On 1 July they encountered their first pack ice off Haröe Island. On the 8th, they were caught in the ice north of Upernavik and spent the next 21 days forcing their way through the ice.
Free on the 29th, the brigs continued through the heavy floes of Melville Bay into August. On the 19th, they entered Lancaster Sound. By the 23d, Rescue was off Cape Riley, Devon Island. There, Griffin and others from his crew joined searchers from a British squadron in the discovery of a campsite previously occupied by an unknown Royal Navy party.
On the 26th, the American expedition attempted to enter Wellington Channel and search to the north of Cape Spencer. Meeting another British ship, they learned that positive evidence of the Franklin party had been found between the Cape and Point Innes. Ice, however, blocked further progress to the north, through the channel, and to the west, into Barrow Strait.
On the 27th, the search vessels, British and American, gathered in a cove, later named Union Bay, at Beechey Island to plan coordinated searches. As the commanders made their plans, a shore party discovered three graves on the island, across from Cape Riley. Franklin's first winter quarters had been found.
From that time on, however, little progress was made in the search, even though sledge parties were sent out. One such party, from Rescue, followed traces of a similar journey by a party from one of Franklin's ships, or , almost to Cape Bowden. Continuing past that point, they discovered a bay which now bears Griffin's name.
During early September further attempts were made to penetrate the ice barrier to the west. On the 12th, Rescue's rudder post was split in a storm off Griffith's Island, and on the 13th the two ships, Advance towing Rescue, turned east in hopes of returning to the United States that season. On the 14th, however, they were caught, frozen, midway across the entrance to Wellington Channel. A winter of drifting began.
During September and October they drifted in the Wellington Channel, discovering in the process the northern peninsula of Devon Island which they named after Grinnell. In November they oscillated with the winds and currents near Beechey, and in December they drifted down Lancaster Sound. On 14 January 1851, they were carried into Baffin Bay. At the end of May, their imprisoning floe neared Davis Strait, and on 5 June, the ice began to break up. Rescue, repaired, parted company with Advance. On the 7th, she was free. On the 8th, Advance cleared the ice.
Both ships replenished in Disko Bay and into August attempted to renew their search. But the ice was heavier than the previous year, and neither ships nor men could have lasted through another winter. Scurvy had struck, but no one had died. A second winter in northern Baffin Bay would have brought a return of the disease and disaster.
The ships turned south. Advance reached New York 30 September 1851. Rescue followed her into port on 7 October. Both ships were subsequently returned to Mr. Grinnell, and Advance was prepared for a second Arctic expedition.
The Rescue was later sold and became the schooner Amaret, tender to the barque George Henry at the time Charles Francis Hall went to the Arctic on his first expedition in 1860. Amaret was driven ashore in a gale at Holsteinborg Harbour, Greenland on 27 September 1860, and became a total wreck.
References
Brigs of the United States Navy
Arctic exploration vessels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Rescue%20%281850%29 |
The following is a list of adjectival forms of subcontinental regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these subcontinental regions.
Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final 's' or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms.
The ending -men has feminine equivalent -women (e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman). The French terminations -ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding 'e' ( / ) makes them singular feminine; 'es' ( / ) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the "-o" and adding "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as" respectively.
Adjectives ending -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. the English, the Cornish). So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. the French, the Dutch) provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify).
Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World)
Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds. (See List of words derived from toponyms.)
Africa
Americas
Asia
Middle East
Oceania
Europe
See also
Demonym
List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names
List of adjectivals and demonyms for astronomical bodies
List of adjectivals and demonyms for continental regions
List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions
List of adjectival and demonymic forms for countries and nations
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Australia
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Canada
List of adjectivals and demonyms for India
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Malaysia
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Mexico
List of adjectivals and demonyms for New Zealand
List of adjectivals and demonyms for the Philippines
List of adjectivals and demonyms for the United States
List of adjectivals and demonyms for cities
List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions
List of adjectivals and demonyms for Greco-Roman antiquity
List of adjectivals and demonyms for fictional regions
References
Regions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20adjectivals%20and%20demonyms%20for%20subcontinental%20regions |
Breadalbane ( ) is a municipality that holds community status in Prince Edward Island, Canada. Located in Queens County, Prince Edward Island, its population is 170.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Breadalbane had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Government
Breadalbane was incorporated as a municipality in 1991. Its name comes from an area in Scotland of the same name. The name "Breadalbane" means "The Upland of Alban". The Gaelic "Braghaid", meaning upper part, is found in Scottish place-names in the form of braid. "Alban" is the Gaelic name applied to the Northern Land. The Scots from Ireland, who brought Christianity to the West of Scotland in the early centuries, called the mountain range which separated them from Pictiand, "Druim-alban", or the backbone of Alban, and the region beyond it "Braighaid Alban".
The town was important as a local centre in the late 19th century. Several mills operated there, with the dam dismantled early in the 21st century.
Breadalbane has a community centre and a library and was the first station east of Emerald Junction on the Prince Edward Island Railway before the railroad was dismantled.
Political history
James Kennedy, a Conservative, was first elected to the PEI Legislative Assembly in the general election of 1908 for 4th Prince. He was re-elected in the general election of 1912. Kennedy died while in office. Kennedy's brother Murdoch was also a MLA. The two brothers served concurrently from 1908 to 1915. Kennedy operated a general store and was a large exporter of farm produce. James Kennedy dies 23 April 1915
Murdoch Kennedy was born 25 March 1873 in Breadalbane. He married Margaret Davison Biggar and they had five children, Maude, Ray, Hazel, Erma and Ivan. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly in a by-election on 19 December 1906 for 1st Queens. He was re-elected in the general elections of 1908, 1912, 1915, 1919, and 1923. In 1913, he resigned his Cabinet position because he disagreed with the government's support for the use of automobiles on public roads.
Notable people
Though a small community, with a population of less than 200, Breadalbane is home to several prominent political and cultural figures. Residents, one-time residents, or frequent visitors include members of the PEI Legislative Assembly James Kennedy and Murdoch Kennedy, painter Hilda Woolnough, author Reshard Gool, potter Malcolm Stanley, film-maker John Hopkins, Gemini and Emmy Award-winning producer Cheryl Wagner, local merchant Ivan B. Kennedy, folk singer Allan Rankin, Geographer Hal Mills, Computer Scientist/Geographer Mike Neal, elder Elmer Stewart and Biologist Irené Novaczek.
References
Communities in Queens County, Prince Edward Island
Rural municipalities in Prince Edward Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breadalbane%2C%20Prince%20Edward%20Island |
"Almost" is a song by the American rock band Bowling for Soup. It was released on 4 January 2005 as the second single of the group's 2004 album A Hangover You Don't Deserve.
It tells the story of a young adult who goes through many "almost" experiences during his life, from almost making out with the homecoming queen to almost getting addicted to drugs. He shows remorse for not "making his move" earlier, and he "almost" wishes she loved him too.
Music video
A music video was released in the week of 7 March 2005, directed by Frank Borin and Ryan Smith (also known as "Smith N Borin"). The video shows the band in high school, attempting to get into sports in order to impress the girls there. This footage is intertwined with the band performing inside a high school gymnasium :) The filming Location is John Francis Polytechnic High School in Sun Valley, CA :D
Charts
References
External links
2004 songs
2005 singles
Bowling for Soup songs
Songs written by Butch Walker
Songs written by Jaret Reddick
Song recordings produced by Butch Walker | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almost%20%28Bowling%20for%20Soup%20song%29 |
Come over to My House is a 1966 children's book written by Dr. Seuss and illustrated by Richard Erdoes. The name "Theo. LeSieg" was a pen name of Theodor Geisel, who is more commonly known by another pen name, Dr. Seuss.
The illustrations portray the various styles of homes that kids from around the world live in along with Seuss's recognizable verse. Throughout the book they also cover what kids eat, how they sleep (Japanese wooden pillows), play (sledding on pine needles), and even clean-up afterwards (Polynesian hot spring).
The book was the 44th in the Beginner Books series, in between B-43: You Will Live Under the Sea (1966) by F. & M. Phleger and B-45: Babar Loses His Crown (1967), by Laurent de Brunhoff.
Reception
In 2017, Maria Botelho of the Daily Hampshire Gazette criticized the book for misrepresenting marginalized groups. Botelho wrote, "in [the book], the white male protagonist travels from one stereotype about people’s dress and housing to another across the globe".
References
1966 children's books
Books by Dr. Seuss
Random House books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come%20over%20to%20My%20House |
The world's longest cricket marathon, or the longest marathon playing cricket, is a world record of the longest time continuously playing the game of cricket between two teams.
It is held by Blunham Cricket Club from Bedfordshire England. In 2018 Club broke the world record by playing continuous cricket for 168 hours..
It was previously held by Blunham Cricket Club from Bedfordshire in England. The club played for 105 hours from 10am Thursday 26 August 2010 until stumps were drawn at 7pm on Monday 30 August 2010. Guinness World records ratified the attempt on 8 April 2011. The club played in pink and purple to highlight cancer charities for both men and women.
List of record holders
The following is a list of record holders that have been accepted and ratified by Guinness World Records, or attempts that are awaiting ratification.
Rules
The record is the amount of cumulative playing time, after breaks are discounted, of a continuous game of cricket.
Breaks are limited to 5 minutes per 1 hour of playing time
There are two teams and these teams are limited to 12-a-side (11 on the field plus one "sub")
No player is permitted to leave the ground unless they are incapacitated
A break is not permitted between innings.
References
External links
Cheriton Fitzpaine Cricket Club
Cornwall Cricket Club, Auckland, NZ
Blunham Cricket Club
Raymond Terrace District Cricket Club
Play-Cricket article for Red Row record
Cricket records and statistics
Sports world records
Longest-duration things | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s%20longest%20cricket%20marathon |
The Battle of Myton, nicknamed the Chapter of Myton or The White Battle because of the number of clergy involved, was a major engagement in the First Scottish War of Independence, fought in Yorkshire on 20 September 1319.
Berwick Falls
In April 1318, Berwick-upon-Tweed, the last Scottish stronghold which was in the hands of the English, was captured by Sir James Douglas and Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, two of King Robert Bruce's most able commanders. Ever since his defeat at Bannockburn in 1314, Edward II had been preoccupied by an ongoing political struggle with his senior barons, headed by Thomas, Earl of Lancaster. Repeated Scottish raids deep into the north of England had effectively been ignored: but the loss of Berwick was something different. Once the most important port in Scotland, it had been in English hands since 1296; during which time its defences had been greatly strengthened. News of its capture had a sobering effect on Edward and his magnates. Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke, managed to arrange a temporary reconciliation between the king and Lancaster. In a spirit of artificial harmony, they came north together with a sizeable army in the summer of 1319. Queen Isabella accompanied the king as far as York, where she took up residence.
Vigorous assaults were made on Berwick by land and sea, but Walter, the High Stewart of Scotland, ably assisted by John Crabb, a military engineer, conducted an effective defence, beating back all attacks. However, he could not be expected to hold out indefinitely. King Robert had no intention of risking a direct attack on the powerful English army which, in the words of John Barbour, 'might well turn to folly'. Instead, Douglas and Moray were ordered on yet another large-scale diversionary raid into Yorkshire, intended to draw off the besiegers. They came with a large force of mounted infantry, known as hobelars.
The Chapter of Myton
The Scots seemingly had news of the queen's whereabouts, and the rumour soon spread that one of the aims of their raid was to take her captive. As King Robert advanced towards York, she was hurriedly taken out of the city by water, finally gaining refuge further south in Nottingham. Yorkshire itself was virtually undefended and the raiders had an uninterrupted passage from place to place. William Melton, the Archbishop of York, set about mustering an army, which included a large number of men in holy orders. While the force was led by some men of standing, including John Hotham, Chancellor of England, and Nicholas Fleming, Mayor of York, it had very few men-at-arms or professional fighting men. From the gates of York, Melton's host marched out to face the battle-hardened schiltrons, some east of Boroughbridge, where the rivers Swale and Ure meet at Myton. The outcome is described in the Brut or the Chronicles of England, the fullest contemporary source for the battle;
Many men were pressed into service who were not trained soldiers, including those who were monks and choristers from the cathedral in York. As so many clerics were slain in the encounter, it also became known as the 'Chapter of Myton'. Barbour gives the English loss as 1,000 killed, including 300 priests, but the contemporary English Lanercost Chronicle says that 4,000 Englishmen were killed by the Scots, while another 1,000 were drowned in the River Swale. Nicholas Fleming was among those killed.
The King Departs
The Chapter of Myton had the effect that Bruce was looking for. At Berwick it caused a serious split in the army between those like the king and the southerners, who wished to continue the siege, and those like Lancaster and the northerners, who were anxious about their homes and property. Edward's army effectively split apart: Lancaster refused to remain and the siege had to be abandoned.
The campaign had been another fiasco, leaving England more divided than ever. It was widely rumoured that Lancaster was guilty of treason, as the raiders appeared to exempt his lands from destruction. Hugh Despenser, the king's new favourite, even alleged that it was Lancaster who had told the Scots of the queen's presence in York. To make matters worse, no sooner had the royal army disbanded than Douglas came back over the border and carried out a destructive raid into Cumberland and Westmorland. Edward had little choice but to ask Robert for a truce, which was granted shortly before Christmas.
References
Sources
Anonimale Chronicle, ed. V. H. Galbraith, 1927.
Barbour, John, The Bruce, trans. A. A. Douglas, 1954.
Barrow, G. W. S., Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm of Scotland, 1964.
Brut or the Chronicles of England, ed. F. W D., Brie, 1906
Conway-Davies, J., The Baronial Opposition to Edward II, 1918.
Gray, Thomas, Scalicronica, trans. H. Maxwell, 1913.
Hailes, Lord (David Dalrymple), The Annals of Scotland, 1776.
The Lanercost Chronicle, trans. H. Maxwell, 1913.
Prestwich, Michael, Armies and Warfare in the Middle Ages: The English Experience, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1996, (hbk.), (pbk.)
Scammel, J., Robert I and the North of England, in the English Historical Review, vol. 73 1958.
Scott, J., Berwick-upon-Tweed:A History of the Town and Guild, 1888.
Vita Edwardi Secundi, ed N. Denholm Young, 1957.
1319 in Scotland
1319 in England
Battles of the Wars of Scottish Independence
Battle of Myton
Military history of North Yorkshire
Battles between England and Scotland
Registered historic battlefields in England
Conflicts in 1319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Myton |
Male Pčelice (Serbian Cyrillic: Мале Пчелице) is an urban neighborhood of Kragujevac. It is located in Kragujevac's municipality of Stanovo.
Location and Divisions
Male Pčelice (Novo Naselje and Staro Selo) is one of the most populous single neighborhoods of Kragujevac. In general, Male Pčelice is bordered by the Korićani and Drača to the west, Veliko Polje to the south and Stanovo to the east.
History
Until the 1990s, Male Pčelice was a suburb of Kragujevac, a separate, extremely fast growing town (population 1948: 683; 1953: 668; 1961: 720; 1971: 2,274; 1981: 5,006 ), so it was administratively annexed to the Kragujevac City proper, becoming local community within the city, connected Male Pčelice and the rest of Kragujevac into one continuous built-up area. In 2005 local community of Male Pčelice had a population of 6,333, which was 20% of the population in the urban section of the Stanovo municipality. Male Pčelice is mostly residential area.
Kragujevac neighborhoods | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male%20P%C4%8Delice |
Champ (brúitín in Irish) is an Irish dish of mashed potatoes with scallions, butter and milk.
Description
Champ is made by combining mashed potatoes and chopped scallions with butter, milk and, optionally, salt and pepper. It was sometimes made with stinging nettle rather than scallions. In some areas the dish is also called "poundies".
Champ is similar to another Irish dish, colcannon, which uses kale or cabbage in place of scallions. Champ is popular in Ulster, whilst colcannon is more so in the other three provinces of Ireland. It was customary to make champ with the first new potatoes harvested.
The word champ has also been adopted into the popular Hiberno-English phrases, to be "as thick as champ", meaning to be stupid, ill-tempered or sullen.
Samhain
The dish is associated with Samhain, and would be served on that night. In many parts of Ireland, it was tradition to offer a portion of champ to the fairies by placing a dish of champ with a spoon at the foot of a hawthorn.
Similar dishes
See also
List of Irish dishes
List of onion dishes
List of potato dishes
Irish cuisine
Northern Irish cuisine
References
Northern Irish cuisine
Irish cuisine
Potato dishes
Scallion dishes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champ%20%28food%29 |
State Route 304 (SR 304) is a state highway in Lander County, Nevada, United States. The road is the main street through the town of Battle Mountain, and is also designated Interstate 80 Business (I-80 Bus.). The highway was part of SR 1 and U.S. Route 40 (US 40) prior to the mid-1970s.
Route description
SR 304 begins just west of the Interstate 80 (I-80) West Battle Mountain interchange northwest of Battle Mountain. The route heads briefly passes through a portion of the Te-Moak Tribe Indian reservation as it turns southeast into the town. The highway parallels the Union Pacific Railroad right through the middle of the Battle Mountain business district. SR 304 has a junction with State Route 305, which connects to Austin in southern Lander County, as well as State Route 806, providing access to mining districts north of the town. The route exits the town limits, crossing over the Reese River before turning south to reconnect to I-80 at the East Battle Mountain interchange and terminating just south of there.
The majority of State Route 304 is also designated Interstate 80 Business, a business loop of Interstate 80.
History
Front Street in Battle Mountain was formerly part of State Route 1, a route designated with the creation of the Nevada State Highway System in 1917. The adoption of the U.S. Highway System in 1926 by the Bureau of Public Roads created US 40 in Nevada, which was also routed along Front Street through Battle Mountain. Both SR 1 and US 40 were shown on Nevada state maps as early as 1929.
The State Route 304 designation was applied to Front Street through Battle Mountain on July 1, 1976, in the renumbering of Nevada's state highways. In this process, Route 1 was removed from the state highway system. US 40 was also gone in Nevada, having mostly been replaced by the freeway that would become I-80.
Major intersections
See also
List of state highways in Nevada
List of highways numbered 304
References
External links
304
Transportation in Lander County, Nevada
Interstate 80 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada%20State%20Route%20304 |
A Passage into Forlorn is the second studio album by Canadian death metal band Neuraxis. It was released on May 11, 2001, by Neoblast Records. It was released almost four years after the band's debut and features a new line-up, with only founding members guitarist Steven Henry and bassist Yan Thiel as returning members.
Like their debut, the album was self-released through the band's own label, Neoblast Records. After the band's signing with Galy Records and Earache Records, a compilation album was released featuring both A Passage into Forlorn and Imagery remastered.
Track listing
Personnel
Neuraxis
Ian Campbell – vocals
Steven Henry – guitar, backing vocals, cover concept
Robin Milley – guitar
Yan Thiel – bass
Alex Erian – drums
Additional musician
Benji – backing vocals on track 1, 3, 7
Production
Yannick St-Amand – sound engineering
Air M.S. Studio – mixing, mastering (April 2000 – February 2001)
Additional personnel
Jason Lee Royer – artwork
Timodi – multimedia
Neuraxis (band) albums
2001 albums
Self-released albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Passage%20into%20Forlorn |
In mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a class automorphism is an automorphism of a group that sends each element to within its conjugacy class. The class automorphisms form a subgroup of the automorphism group. Some facts:
Every inner automorphism is a class automorphism.
Every class automorphism is a family automorphism and a quotientable automorphism.
Under a quotient map, class automorphisms go to class automorphisms.
Every class automorphism is an IA automorphism, that is, it acts as identity on the abelianization.
Every class automorphism is a center-fixing automorphism, that is, it fixes all points in the center.
Normal subgroups are characterized as subgroups invariant under class automorphisms.
For infinite groups, an example of a class automorphism that is not inner is the following: take the finitary symmetric group on countably many elements and consider conjugation by an infinitary permutation. This conjugation defines an outer automorphism on the group of finitary permutations. However, for any specific finitary permutation, we can find a finitary permutation whose conjugation has the same effect as this infinitary permutation. This is essentially because the infinitary permutation takes permutations of finite supports to permutations of finite support.
For finite groups, the classical example is a group of order 32 obtained as the semidirect product of the cyclic ring on 8 elements, by its group of units acting via multiplication. Finding a class automorphism in the stability group that is not inner boils down to finding a cocycle for the action that is locally a coboundary but is not a global coboundary.
Group theory
Group automorphisms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class%20automorphism |
The Division Street riots were episodes of rioting and civil unrest, which started on June 12 and continued through June 14, 1966. These riots are remembered as a turning point in Puerto Rican civic involvement in Chicago. This was the first riot in the United States attributed to Puerto Ricans.
History and cause
Puerto Rican migration to Chicago peaked in the 1950s and 60s, and the Puerto Rican population of Chicago jumped from 255 in 1950 to 32,371 in 1960. Puerto Ricans in Chicago worked low-paying jobs in the service industries or labored in factories. This was in part because of the recruitment efforts of Castle, Barton and Associates, an employment agency. They offered domestic and foundry work contracts, and paid the airfare for Puerto Ricans coming to Chicago. Another factor behind Puerto Rican migration to Chicago was the unemployment and harsh economic conditions created by Operation Bootstrap.
Some of the new Puerto Rican arrivals settled in Chicago's north side, specifically in Lincoln Park. But by the late 1960s, gentrification took hold in Lincoln Park, and working class Puerto Ricans were displaced by high property taxes and expensive housing. Around the city, some Puerto Ricans faced housing discrimination based on their skin color and ethnicity. Many moved west, settling near Division Street in West Town, Bucktown, and Wicker Park. The Chicago Catholic Church did not offer the Puerto Rican community their own parish, so devout Puerto Ricans had to try to attend existing parishes. In the 1950s and 60s, some white parishes did not accept Puerto Rican parishioners, so Puerto Ricans were displaced, looking for a place to worship and meet. According to Felix M. Padilla, the systematic oppression that Puerto Ricans experienced in Chicago in the 1960s created a psychological climate for riot. Puerto Ricans faced racial discrimination, class-related hardships, and lived on the margins of a city that only valued them for their cheap labor.
Puerto Ricans in Chicago carried deep feelings of resentment towards the police. Puerto Ricans associated the police with poor service of the community and brutal, rude interactions. Despite these tense conditions, police superintendent Orlando W. Wilson reported that the police report on racial tensions he ordered on June 7 showed no signs of unrest in the Puerto Rican community.
Riots
In 1966, Chicago mayor Richard J. Daley declared the first week of June to be "Puerto Rican Week." On June 12, 1966, Puerto Ricans celebrated the culmination of this week, and their first ethnic parade in downtown Chicago, held on June 11. In the evening, on Division Street in West Town and Humboldt Park, an altercation began between police and revelers near Damen Avenue and Division Street. Police alleged that Arcelis Cruz, a young Puerto Rican man, was armed and involved in a street fight.
A white police officer, Thomas Munyon, shot Cruz in the leg. A large crowd gathered, and bystanders became involved. Some gathered to try to help Cruz, others to demonstrate against police violence.
More police were called, with canine units. A police officer let a police dog bite a Puerto Rican man on the leg. The crowd of over 4,000 Puerto Ricans attacked the police with rocks, bottles, and cans, and smashed windows on police cars. The crowd overturned some police cars, and set fire to others. More police and canine units were called in, but the rioting continued for three days.
As the riot began, a local Spanish-language radio personality, Carlos Agrelot, was broadcasting live, describing the scene on Division Street. His coverage of the violence and protest attracted more people to the streets, even people from other neighborhoods.
On the second day of the riot, community organization leaders and clergymen organized a rally. At this rally, organizers urged the crowd of 3,000 Puerto Ricans to end the violence. The police department also ordered officers to de-escalate the conflict. However, after the rally, rioters threw bricks and rocks at police officers, and the riot continued. Rioters targeted white-owned businesses as they looted and burned property in the neighborhood.
On the third night, 500 police officers patrolled the Division Street area, attempting to suppress the uprising. Over the course of the three nights of the riot, 16 people were injured, 49 were arrested, and 50 buildings were critically damaged.
Aftermath
Following the riot, community leaders organized several peace rallies at Humboldt Park. There were also marches and demonstrations, including a march on June 28, 1966, at which over 200 Puerto Ricans from the Division Street area marched five miles to City Hall to protest the city government's negligence and police brutality.
A month after the riot, the Chicago Commission on Human Relations held open hearings, which provided a forum for Puerto Rican and other Spanish-speaking residents of Chicago to discuss problems facing these communities. They discussed the displacement and discrimination in housing, discriminatory practices by the police and fire departments, and poor educational opportunities. The hearings lasted for two days. During the hearings, Puerto Ricans cited a lack of jobs, poor housing and education, little political power, union discrimination, inadequate city services, and police brutality. As a result of these meetings, the Puerto Rican community proposed specific policy recommendations.
With support from Community Action Agencies in the Division Street Area, the riots inspired the creation of Puerto Rican community organizations. These include the Spanish Action Committee of Chicago (SACC), the Latin American Defense Organization (LADO), the Bickerdike Revedelopment Corporation, the ASPIRA Association and the Young Lords (in 1968); cultural centers such as the Ruiz Belvis Cultural Center and the Juan Antonio Corretjer Puerto Rican Cultural Center; and a school, the Escuela Superior Puertorriqueña (which is now named Dr. Pedro Albizú Campos Puerto Rican High School). Developing from the riots, these organizations' members were younger and more militant than earlier organizations such as the Caballeros de San Juan, Damas de María and the Puerto Rican Congress. They worked to get community concerns such as education, housing, health, and employment addressed by the city and to assert a Puerto Rican presence in city politics.
References
Puerto Rican culture in Chicago
Racially motivated violence against Hispanic and Latino Americans
History of Chicago
Riots and civil disorder in Chicago
Race riots in the United States
1966 in Illinois
1966 riots
June 1966 events in the United States
Stateside Puerto Rican riots in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20Street%20riots |
Manuel Armijo (ca. 1793–1853) was a New Mexican soldier and statesman who served three times as governor of New Mexico. He was instrumental in putting down the Revolt of 1837, he led the force that captured the Texan Santa Fe Expedition, and he later surrendered to the United States in the Mexican–American War, leading to the Capture of Santa Fe.
Early life and first governorship
Manuel Armijo was born around 1793 in the Albuquerque, New Mexico area, most likely in Belen. He was the son of Vicente Ferrer Durán y Armijo and Bárbara Casilda Durán y Chávez, both from prominent New Mexico families. Vicente Armijo and his family resided in the Plaza de San Antonio de Belén during the 1790s, and according to the Spanish census, Vicente was a stockman and lieutenant in the militia. Manuel Armijo married María Trinidad Gabaldón in 1819. The couple did not have children but adopted a daughter named Ramona, who was named "my universal heir and daughter" in Manuel's will. Ramona Armijo was married to Luís C. de Baca of Socorro, New Mexico.
According to George Wilkins Kendall, Armijo became wealthy by working for a sheep rancher and stealing and selling the sheep, often to his own employer; but Kendall was writing about his experience as Armijo's prisoner in 1841 and his biographical sketch of Armijo is scurrilous. The historian Marc Simmons ascribes the story of sheep theft to "tradition". William Wroth wrote on the New Mexico State Historian's Website, "Governor Armijo was portrayed by George Wilkins Kendall as having been an uneducated man from a poor family who worked his way up by stealing. This gross caricature was Kendall's way of vilifying Armijo due to his perception that the Governor had treated him unfairly in 1841 in the capture of the disastrous Texas Santa Fe expedition." In general, according to many Hispanic New Mexicans, historians have been unfair in their telling of the history of Manuel Armijo. Angélico Chávez wrote, "Manuel Armijo's character as Governor and as a man has been unjustly painted in sources too numerous to mention here."
Armijo became the alcalde (mayor) of Albuquerque and militia lieutenant in 1822 and 1824. In 1827, he was appointed governor of New Mexico, but in 1828 he returned from Santa Fe to Albuquerque as a wealthy merchant in sheep and wool blankets, acting as alcalde again. Some have it that he left the governorship to avoid a Federal investigation.
In 1836 Armijo was appointed subcomisario, collector of customs, of New Mexico; this was a fund-raising position that involved work in Santa Fe. However, for health reasons he spent most of his time in Albuquerque and was replaced.
Revolt of 1837
In August 1837 disaffected residents of the northern part of New Mexico assassinated Governor Albino Pérez and took over the state (the Revolt of 1837). Many people in the southern part opposed the new government, but several prominent people refused to lead a counterrevolution. Mariano Chávez, a wealthy young relative of Armijo's, proposed him for the position and Armijo accepted. He marched to Santa Fe and declared himself governor, a position that the Mexican government also gave him when the news of the rebellion reached them (and not when Armijo's letter announcing his self-appointment reached them later, contrary to Kendall's account).
Armijo wrote to the government requesting federal troops, and trained soldiers under Lt. Col. Cayetano Justiniani of the Veracruz dragoons arrived in early January 1838. Later that month the rebellion flared up again and Armijo led the force that defeated the rebels at Pojoaque. According to Armijo's letters to the Mexican historian Carlos María Bustamante, he was nominally in command but his forces were really led by Justiniani.
Beginning with Kendall, some American authors have accused Armijo of starting the rebellion that he later put down. The trader and writer Josiah Gregg said Armijo's brother "intimated" to Gregg that Armijo had ridden from Albuquerque to Santa Fe expecting the rebels to elect him governor. As he had taken no personal part in the insurrection, they "would not acknowledge his claim to their suffrages," so he returned to Albuquerque to plot the counterrevolution. The historian Janet Lecompte doubts this story and notes that there is no documentary evidence of any involvement of Armijo in the Revolt of 1837.
Second term
In 1841 Armijo successfully repelled the Texan Santa Fe Expedition. He evidently authorized false promises of safe conduct, but instead took the Texan merchants and soldiers into custody and sent them further south in Mexico as prisoners.
Stories about Armijo's corruption made it into Euro-American accounts of the region to justify a U.S. invasion. It was also rumored that he was having an illicit affair with the wealthy Santa Fe saloon owner Maria Gertrudis "Tules" Barceló.
Also during this period he eagerly approved land grants to Americans, selling in some of the largest land grants ever made. For example, in January 1841 Charles Beaubien and Guadalupe Miranda petitioned Armijo for a grant of of land east of the Sangre de Cristo range. Charles Bent was given part of that land, even though he was not a Mexican citizen. When Padre Martinez of Taos learned of the grant, he raised such a strong objection that Armijo withdrew the grant that summer. Armijo later reinstated the grant when Beaubien died, giving it to his son-in-law, Lucien Maxwell.
In 1843 the Republic of Texas sent another force into New Mexico to retaliate for the capture of the Texan Santa Fe Expedition and Mexican attacks on Texas. This force, with something over 200 men, defeated a New Mexican advance party. Armijo, camped away with 500 men, "fled in terror" on hearing the news. He then resigned his position as military commander and in the following year, the governorship, "claiming ill health".
Third term and Mexican–American War
Nevertheless, he was appointed to his third governorship in 1845. The following year, the Mexican–American War started and General Stephen Kearny brought about 1,700 soldiers to conquer New Mexico. Armijo heard of the plan in late June from an American business partner who arrived with a caravan on the Santa Fe Trail. Armijo sold his interest in their business to his partner and began liquidating his many other assets. Armijo also sent in a request to the Mexican government asking for regular troops to be sent for defense of New Mexico. The Mexican government officials promised to send these forces, yet they never arrived.
He also received a large amount of ammunition and supplies from a caravan out of Independence, Missouri. On August 4, as Kearny crossed what is now the border between Colorado and New Mexico, Armijo signed a power of attorney so that an associate could take care of his affairs after he left. On August 8 he issued a proclamation to the people of New Mexico exhorting them to prepare to repel the invasion.
On about August 9 Armijo called a meeting with a number of respected New Mexicans. He did not want to fight, but the priests present did, as did the young regular-army commander, Diego Archuleta, and the young militia officers Manuel Chaves and Miguel Pino. According to a refugee from the war, Armijo would have done nothing toward defense if the latter two had not threatened to shoot him. Then on August 12 or 13 he received an American named James Magoffin, the husband of a relative of his, who later claimed to have convinced Armijo not to fight. An unverified story says that Magoffin bribed them. Magoffin later requested a reimbursement from the U.S. Treasury of $50,000, of which he received $30,000.
Another version of this story is that a spy of Governor Armijo was captured by Kearny, and given a tour of Kearny's forces in order for the spy to report to Armijo about the size and strength of the United States forces. Next Kearny sent Anglo-American trader, "James Magoffin, along with Captain Philip St. George Cooke and twelve dragoons to meet with the governor." Manuel Alvarez arranged a meeting with Armijo, his officials and Magoffin and St. George Cooke. According to Alvarez, despite knowing the size and strength of the United States forces, Governor Armijo was the only government official who wanted to defend New Mexico while the others were convinced that a disastrous defeat would be the outcome of any futile attempt at defense.
It wasn't until the governor called for the militia to meet at Apache Canyon to prepare for defense of New Mexico that he changed his mind. When he saw that his militia had weapons of spears, bows, arrows and outdated firearms, he knew they were outnumbered, too under-trained and under-equipped to meet the regular United States's army. After inspecting his men, he sent them home. Armijo decided he should go to Mexico and plead for more help from the Mexican government. According to a previous New Mexico State Historian, Thomas E. Chávez, there is no evidence that Armijo ever took a bribe, yet to the contrary, there is evidence to prove that Armijo was one of the few who wanted to fight the invaders.
Around this same time some Santa Feans talked of killing the American traders in the town, but Armijo put a stop to the plan and dismissed Archuleta. In any case, at the Battle of Santa Fe, Armijo set up a position in Apache Canyon, a narrow pass about southeast of the city, but decided not to fight before the American army was even in sight. When Pino, Chaves and some of the militiamen insisted, Armijo ordered the cannon pointed at them. All of the New Mexican army retreated to Santa Fe and Armijo fled to Chihuahua, while Kearny and his force entered Santa Fe and claimed New Mexico for the U.S. without a shot fired.
Armijo was tried in Mexico City for cowardice and desertion in the face of the enemy, but he was acquitted. While in Mexico City, he interceded on behalf of Magoffin, who had been arrested as a spy in Chihuahua.
Armijo later returned to Lemitar, New Mexico, and lived the rest of his life there. He is buried in the churchyard (Camposanto Iglesia) in front of San Miguel de Socorro, in the northwest corner. One of his sons, Manuel Armijo, served as Colonel of the New Mexico Militia in the American Civil War, participating in the Battle of Valverde.
Notes
References
External links
Contemporary portrait at Invasión Yanqui, accessed 19 June 2006
Biography of Manuel Armijo from New Mexico State Historian's Site
Ancestry of Governor Manuel Armijo
1793 births
1853 deaths
Mexican governors of Santa Fe de Nuevo México
Mexican soldiers
Politicians from Albuquerque, New Mexico
Mexican military personnel of the Mexican–American War
19th-century American politicians
People from Belen, New Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Armijo |
Josh Graham, (born 1 October 1983 in Taree, New South Wales, Australia) is a former rugby union & rugby league footballer, having played for a number of clubs in Australia. He last played top-flight rugby for the Gold Coast Titans as
Playing career
Graham was considered a powerful ball-running lock or centre. Raised in Taree on the mid-North coast of NSW, Graham played rugby union for the First XV at The Southport School and has represented Australia at Schoolboy, Under 21 and Sevens level and had four games with the Queensland Reds before moving to rugby league and the Melbourne Storm.
In 2007 Graham returned to rugby league as an inaugural member of the Gold Coast Titans. At the end of the 2010 NRL season, he was released from the Titans team and became the solar super salesman.
References
External links
Gold Coast Titans profile
See also
List of football converts
1983 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Australian rugby union players
Gold Coast Titans players
Melbourne Storm players
Queensland Reds players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Taree
Rugby union players from Taree
Western Force players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Graham |
The Captain Cook Bridge is a road bridge that carries Taren Point and Rocky Point Roads across the Georges River in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. The precast prestressed concrete girder bridge crosses near the river mouth as it empties into Botany Bay; and links the St George and Sutherland areas of Sydney. The bridge comprises a dual carriageway with three lanes in each direction of highway grade-separated conditions; and pedestrian and bicycle traffic, via two grade-separated paths. on the eastern and western sides of the bridge.
Location and features
The Captain Cook Bridge consists of seven spans totalling in length, with a long deck that is wide with six traffic lanes and two shared bicycle and pedestrian paths. Its foundations extend as deep as below water level to its sandstone base. The bridge was opened on 29 May 1965 and links Rocky Point Road at Sans Souci in the St George area to Taren Point Road at Taren Point in the Sutherland Shire. Loop walkways run under the bridge at both sides and provide access along the foreshore.
The bridge was designed by a team of engineers from the Department of Main Roads (DMR) led by Albert Fried. The DMR's Resident Engineer for the construction was Ray Wedgwood, who was later the Chief Bridge Engineer for the Roads and Traffic Authority. The main contractor was John Holland Group.
The bridge is the easternmost of the seven major crossings of Georges River. The others are Tom Uglys Bridge, which opened in 1929, Alfords Point Bridge (1973, duplicated 2008), M5 Milperra bridge (1992), Milperra Bridge (replacement bridge 1966), Liverpool Bridge (replacement bridge 1958), and M5 Casula bridge (1985, widened 1988).
The Captain Cook Bridge is the only section of the planned F6 Freeway that has been built in the Sydney metropolitan area, with the other built sections being between and Bulli Tops and further south between and . On the southern approach the two carriageways of the approach road diverge to allow for construction of a future interchange to also carry freeway traffic to and from the bridge.
The speed limit on the bridge and the 1 km (0.62 miles) of freeway on the southern approach is .
The bridge was designed to have the capacity to carry 30,000 vehicles on a weekday, but in 2015 the bridge was estimated to be carrying 30,600 vehicles per weekday.
History
A ferry service ran between Sans Souci and Taren Point from 1911. From April 1916 a vehicular punt ran between the two points, and continued to do so even after the opening of the Tom Uglys Bridge in 1929.
The Captain Cook Bridge is named in honour of Captain James Cook, a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the Royal Navy, who landed at nearby Kurnell on 29 April 1770, during his first voyage of discovery aboard the Endeavour.
A big part of commissioning construction of the Captain Cook Bridge in 1962 was that the nearby three-laned Tom Ugly's Bridge was carrying more traffic than any three lanes of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, and the Taren Point punt was at full capacity carrying 1000 cars daily.
Gallery
See also
List of bridges in Sydney
Princes Motorway
References
External links
Bridges in Sydney
Bridges completed in 1965
Concrete bridges in Australia
Road bridges in New South Wales
Box girder bridges
History of Sydney
Botany Bay
Georges River
St George (Sydney)
Sutherland Shire
1965 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain%20Cook%20Bridge%2C%20Sydney |
A Case of Rape is a 1974 American made-for-television drama film directed by Boris Sagal and starring Elizabeth Montgomery, Ronny Cox, and William Daniels. It premiered on NBC on February 20, 1974. The film tells the story of a wife and mother who is raped twice by the same man and her ordeals dealing with the actual rape and her subsequent dealing with the police and the trial.
Plot
Ellen Harrod appears to have a happy marriage to David, although his frequent work-related absences are beginning to take a toll on her. While taking night school classes with her neighbor and best friend, Marge Bracken, she is introduced to Larry Retzliff.
Ellen and Marge accept a ride home from Retzliff the same night while David is away. Once Ellen is in her apartment, Retzliff arrives claiming car trouble and asks to use the phone. When Ellen lets him in, he overpowers and rapes her. Unable to reach David by phone, and emotionally unable to report the crime, Ellen decides to put the attack behind her, and tries through three showers to literally wash away the rape.
When David returns, she is still unable to get his attention long enough to tell him about the attack. Having had an anonymous blood test, Ellen makes a serious effort to forget the attack and resume her life. This attempt comes to a crashing halt four days after the initial attack in a parking garage when Retzliff, who has been waiting for Ellen behind the front seat of her car, rapes her again, this time beating her viciously.
After reporting the attack, the treatment that Ellen receives from the police, doctors, and detectives is anything but sympathetic. While the District Attorney, Leonard Alexander, appears to have her best interests at heart, he clearly has his reservations.
Defending Retzliff is ruthless attorney Muriel Dyer who bullies and interrogates witnesses and Ellen herself on the stand in an attempt to get Retzliff off. Dyer's efforts succeed and Retzliff is found not guilty. Following the trial, attorney Alexander comments, "Never try a rape case unless your victim is a 90-year-old nun with at least four stab wounds." After this, Retzliff mockingly apologizes to Ellen, saying "no hard feelings", but Ellen calmly but coldly tells him, "If you ever come near me again, I'll kill you."
A voiceover narration at the end of the movie reveals that shortly after the trial, Retzliff attempts to rape someone else. While trying to escape from the police, he is shot and wounded, and ends up pleading guilty to the rape and sentenced to prison. Ellen and David's marriage is strained by the events of the film, and the narration reveals that Ellen later files for divorce.
Cast
Elizabeth Montgomery as Ellen Harrod
Ronny Cox as David Harrod
William Daniels as Leonard Alexander
Cliff Potts as Larry Retzliff
Rosemary Murphy as Muriel Dyer
Patricia Smith as Marge Bracken
Ken Swofford as Det. Riley
Jonathan Lippe as Det. Parker
Sandy Kenyon as Mike Bracken
Alex Henteloff as Alex
Robert Karnes as Judge
Mario Gallo as Photographer
Antony Carbone as Officer Carbone
Davis Roberts as Officer Kane
Tom Selleck as Stan
Broadcast
The film was broadcast on February 20, 1974, over the NBC Television Network, which had some reservations about showing the second rape scene, which was considered strongly graphic at the time. During the airing of this movie, NBC put a disclaimer and voice-over artist reads as follows," 'A Case of Rape' treats a sensitive subject in a mature and forthright manner, although that subject is one of growing public concern and importance.
We suggest you consider whether the program should be viewed by young people or others in your family who might be disturbed by it." As reported by the A&E series Biography, Montgomery believed so strongly in the story that she threatened to leave the project if the scene was cut. Montgomery prevailed, and the film was shown in its entirety along with warnings of the mature subject matter.
This was the second issue-oriented TV-movie of its time, following the 1973 CBS tv film Cry Rape starring Andrea Marcovicci, and helped to change human rights and legislation for rape victims. It was NBC's highest rated TV-movie in history with a Nielsen rating of 33.1 and an audience share of 49%.
Awards
Montgomery, who had become a household name during her eight-year tenure on Bewitched, received an Emmy nomination for her performance.
References
External links
A Case Of Rape at the 26th Primetime Emmy Awards
TV Fiction sticks close to fact at The New York Times
1970s American films
1970s English-language films
1974 films
1974 television films
American courtroom films
American crime drama films
American drama television films
Films about rape
Films directed by Boris Sagal
Films set in Los Angeles
NBC network original films
Television controversies in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Case%20of%20Rape |
Oliver James "O. J." Seraphin (or Seraphine; born August 2, 1943) is a former Dominican politician. He served as the Minister of communication and works and housing for the Labour Party government from 1975–1979 and acting Prime Minister of Dominica from 25 June 1979 until 21 July 1980.
Early life
Seraphin grew up in Roseau, Dominica, the capital, and received primary and secondary education at Roseau Mixed School and Dominica Grammar School; later in life, he studied at the Carnegie Institute in the United States and in Cuba. Prior to politics, he worked in the insurance industry.
Government Minister
He served in the socialist Dominica Labour Party government of Prime Minister Patrick John from 1975 to 1979. Seraphin originally held the posts of Minister of Communications, Works, and Housing, but in a cabinet reshuffle, the Prime Minister made him Minister of Agriculture, Lands, Fisheries and Caricom Affairs. During this time, the Commonwealth of Dominica gained its independence from the United Kingdom. When violent crowds opposed to the John government protested outside the House of Assembly, Seraphin resigned.
Prime Minister
Seraphin became Prime Minister on June 25, 1979, at the request of the Committee of National Salvation. In August 1979, Dominica was hit by Hurricane David, which killed over 76 people, and devastated much of the island. Seraphin was preoccupied with rescue and rebuilding efforts. He traveled to Barbados, Canada, France, the United States, and Venezuela to seek financial aid for rebuilding his country's infrastructure, in which he did. He was known to also help and rebuild homes for the homeless financing it all from his own personal account. He restored the island and helped create jobs. In his one plus year in office, he is said to have helped over half of the population of the island in the biggest hurricane Dominica has faced.
Seraphin formed Democratic Labour Party of Dominica (DLPD), and stood as its leader in the 1980 general election. However, he lost his seat, and Dominica Freedom Party led by Eugenia Charles won the election.
Life after politics
Seraphin's government is commonly referred to as the "Interim Government." Since leaving politics, he has returned to business, especially that which is tourism-related, and maintains a public profile.
He is married to Lily Seraphin.
References
1943 births
Living people
People from Roseau
Dominica Labour Party politicians
Prime Ministers of Dominica
Agriculture ministers of Dominica
Communication ministers of Dominica
Foreign ministers of Dominica
Fisheries ministers of Dominica
Housing ministers of Dominica
Public works ministers of Dominica
Members of the House of Assembly of Dominica
Dominica businesspeople
20th-century Dominica politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver%20Seraphin |
Lance Kramer is an animation director on The Simpsons and Futurama. He was as an additional sequence director for The Simpsons Movie. He also worked as an assistant animator on Tom and Jerry: The Movie and served as a storyboard artist for Garfield and Friends.
History
Kramer graduated from Bismarck High School in Bismarck, North Dakota. He graduated from San Diego State University with a degree in film production.
The Simpsons episodes
Kramer directed the following episodes:
Season 11
"Saddlesore Galactica"
Season 12
"Skinner's Sense of Snow"
Season 13
"A Hunka Hunka Burns in Love"
"The Old Man and the Key"
Season 14
"Mr. Spritz Goes to Washington"
Season 16
"Goo Goo Gai Pan"
Season 18
"The Wife Aquatic"
"Crook and Ladder"
Season 19
"Little Orphan Millie"
"Smoke on the Daughter"
Season 20
"Sex, Pies and Idiot Scrapes"
"How the Test Was Won"
Season 21
"Homer the Whopper"
"The Squirt and the Whale"
Season 22
"The Real Housewives of Fat Tony"
Season 23
"How I Wet Your Mother"
Season 25
"Specs and the City"
Season 26
"Bull-E"
Season 28
"Friends and Family"
"The Caper Chase"
Season 29
"Left Behind"
Season 30
'Tis the 30th Season"
Season 32
"Burger Kings"
Futurama episodes
Kramer directed the following episodes:
Season 7
"Leela and the Genestalk"
"Near-Death Wish"
"T.: The Terrestrial"
Kramer directed "Denny Goes Air-Surfing", a two-minute short subject which aired as part of Spike and Mike's 1991 Festival of Animation. In it, a young dragon named Denny decides to air-surf on a 747, to the accompaniment of Joe Satriani's instrumental rock song "Surfing with the Alien". His other works can also be found on the web at deviantart.com and on his blog at airsurfing.blogspot.com.
External links
Lance Kramer's Official website
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American animators
American storyboard artists
People from Bismarck, North Dakota
San Diego State University alumni
American animated film directors
American television directors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lance%20Kramer |
The Old Gold & Black is the student-run newspaper of Wake Forest University, named after the school's colors. The newspaper was founded in 1916 and is published in print every other Thursday, with the exception of school holidays and exam weeks. The Old Gold & Black office is located on the fifth floor of the Benson University Center on Wake Forest's main campus.
The newspaper is Wake Forest University's only student newspaper and serves as the printed history of the university. It comprises six main sections: news, features, environment, opinion, sports and life. Each section is managed by an editor and assistant editors. They are all under the leadership of an editor-in-chief and managing editors for print and online. The editor-in-chief works alongside the business manager who is in charge of the budget, advertising revenue, and payroll. These editors form the editorial board which meets weekly to discuss campus issues, compose an editorial and decide on the paper's content. Among ACC student newspapers, the Old Gold & Black is the only paper that pays all writers and staff members.
The staff's advisor, Phoebe Zerwick, assists the staff and offers advice and counsel on important editorial decisions. These editors form the editorial board which meets weekly to discuss campus issues, compose a left-hand editorial and decide on the paper's content.
The Old Gold & Black employs graphic designers, production assistants, photographers and staff writers. The majority of positions at the Old Gold & Black are paid, though a new writer must submit three articles for publication in order to receive pay and become a staff writer. The Old Gold & Black consistently employs a total staff of over 100 members, the majority of them writers.
The Old Gold & Black is a newspaper that has placed many times at Associated Collegiate Press conferences.
Recent awards
The Old Gold & Black has received a number of Associated Collegiate Press awards:
At the Fall 2013 ACP conference, the Old Gold & Black won a Pacemaker Award in the category of "Website Enrollment Level 1" and was a finalist for the Pacemaker Award for print. The OGB also won a Best in Show Award for "Website Enrollment Level 1" at the Fall 2013 ACP conference.
At the Fall 2012 ACP conference, the Old Gold & Black was awarded fourth place in the category of "Website Enrollment Level 1".
At the Spring 2011 ACP conference, the Old Gold & Black was awarded seventh place in the category of "small college website".
At the 2008 ACP conference, the Old Gold & Black was awarded third place in the "Best in Show: 4-year college weekly broadsheet" category. Also, the newspaper's web site, , was awarded 10th place in the category of newspaper website.
At the 2007 ACP conference, the Old Gold & Black was awarded second place in the "Best in Show: 4-year college weekly broadsheet" category.
In 2006, the Old Gold & Black took home third place in the "Newspaper of the Year: 4-year colleges-Weekly Broadsheet" category.
At the 2005 ACP awards, the Old Gold & Black received third place in the "Best in Show: 4-year colleges-weekly broadsheet" category.
At the 2002 ACP Conference, the newspaper received third place in the "Best in Show: Four-year college" category.
In 2001, Old Gold & Black reporters Sabrina Parker and Jordan Wagner received first place in the "Story of the Year: Diversity" category.
In 1963, the Old Gold & Black received the American Newspaper Publishers Association "peacemaker" award, the highest national honors in the field of journalism.
The Old Gold & Black has won the ACP's "preeminent" Pacemaker award twice: in 2001, and in 2004, its Online Pacemaker Award.
Former managing editor Lisa Hoppenjans and former managing editor Jae Haley have both received the Jim Murray Scholarship Award, a national award for excellence in sports writing at the college level.
Former editorial cartoonist William Warren was the first-place winner of the 2006 John Locher Memorial Award.
Marks on Wake Forest history
The Old Gold & Black is responsible for naming the Wake Forest mascot, the Demon Deacon. In 1923, the Wake Forest American football team defeated rival Duke University. In the following issue of the Old Gold and Black, sports editor Mayon Parker (1924 Wake Forest graduate) first referred to the team as "Demon Deacons", in recognition of what he called their "devilish" play and fighting spirit. Henry Belk, Wake Forest's news director, and Hank Garrity, the coach who led the team to their victory, liked the title and used it often, so the name stuck.
Due to pressure from the Baptist State Convention in the late 1930s, the college began to take a strong stance against student dancing. The decision and subsequent enforcement was harshly criticized by the editorial board of the Old Gold & Black. In the February 4, 1939 issue, the editorial board argued that "Despite the objection of some few blue-nosed and narrow-minded powers-that-be, you can't stop Wake Forest students from dancing. It would work wonders for the morale of the school as a whole." This lobbying on behalf of social organizations is credited with the eventual founding of national fraternities and sororities at Wake Forest.
Controversies
In October 1962, the High Point Central Baptist Association censured the Old Gold & Black for running an advertisement featuring a student mixing an alcoholic beverage in his dorm room. The controversy of the advertisement was part of ongoing tensions between university leadership and the Baptist State Convention. In response to the censure, university officials promised to Baptist board members that the ads would not reappear.
In December 1989, Tim Bell, a Wake Forest student studying abroad in China, was found guilty by the Honor Council of deceiving his professors who were chaperoning the trip. Bell had secretly filmed parts of the Tiananmen Square massacre and then smuggled them out of the country. Public opinion on campus was mixed following the conviction; some felt he acted heroically while others thought he was selfish for endangering the rest of the students on the trip. Nevertheless, in an editorial the Old Gold & Black defended Bell's actions and criticized the Honor Council for procedural errors. Eventually, Bell's conviction was overturned.
In March 2000, the Old Gold & Black published an anti-Semitic advertising insert entitled "The Revisionist." The Editorial Staff realized its error later that day, and issued a public apology. The Resident Student Association sponsored a forum where the issue was discussed. President Thomas Hearn issued a powerful public statement uniting the campus community against the hatred represented in the insert and creating a schedule of Holocaust-related speakers and events for the following semesters. Furthermore, the advertising manager wrote an op-ed piece regretting her mistake and taking full responsibility. She announced that the proceeds of the advertisement would be donated to a local Holocaust Center. As a result of the insert, a formal advertising policy was established and goals were set to improve
communication between the editorial and business offices.
Special publications
The Old Gold & Black publishes a freshman tabloid the week before classes. The tabloid informs freshman about all aspects of the school from academics, to exploring the social scene, to athletics.
Beginning in 2007, the Old Gold & Black published an annual graduation tabloid profiling seniors who have excelled in their respective major. Each department nominates an outstanding senior to be featured in this issue. The "grad tab" is published in early May in order to be distributed during Commencement weekend events.
The Old Gold & Black publishes a basketball preview insert each year. Basketball is one of the most popular sports at Wake Forest and each year's insert includes player and coach profiles and interviews, along with a brief look at the other ACC teams.
Every April the Old Gold & Black interviews Student Government candidates for Secretary, Speaker of House, Treasurer and President. Following consultation with the editorial board, the paper endorses one or multiple candidates for each position.
Until 2012, the Old Gold & Black published an April Fool's edition. Past April Fool's mastheads include Sweat Mold & Plaque, I Sold my Soul for Crack and OGBYN. The issue is produced by senior editors and includes spoof articles, columns and humorous staff photos. The 'OGBYN' made a comeback in April of 2021.
In 2015 the Old Gold & Black dedicated its September 29 edition to honoring the life and career of Arnold Palmer, following his passing earlier in the week.
Executive Staff
The five people most responsible for the day-to-day operations of the paper are the Editor-in-Chief, the Business Manager, and the Print, Online, and Multimedia Managing Editors. The incoming Business Manager and Editor-in-Chief are selected by their predecessors after consultation with the Faculty Adviser and other members of the Editorial Board. The outgoing editor-in-chief also selects the following year's managing editors.
There were two editors in the 1989 school year because editor Jonathan Jordan ran for a seat in the 39th District of the North Carolina House of Representatives. He would lose the race and resign his position to catch up on his school work. Alan Pringle would take his post.
Notable alumni
L.T. Stallings '16, playwright and screenwriter, worked on the Old Gold & Black when it was a literary magazine.
W. J. Cash '22, author of The Mind of the South, served as editor of the Old Gold & Black while an undergraduate at Wake Forest.
Edwin Wilson '23, former professor, provost and vice president of Wake Forest, wrote for the Old Gold & Black his senior year at Wake Forest.
Graham Martin Jr. '32, U.S. Ambassador to Thailand, Italy and South Vietnam, was a managing editor of the Old Gold & Black as a student.
Shearon Davis '35, prominent businessman, former chairman of the North Carolina Chamber of Commerce, and namesake for the Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant was a managing editor as a student.
David Britt '37, a Justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court, served as the business manager of the Old Gold & Black as a student.
Jesse Helms, a U.S. Senator from 1973–2003, was a sports reporter for the Old Gold & Black before dropping out to take a job at the Raleigh Times.
Bynum Shaw '48, author and former reporter for the Baltimore Sun, worked as the editor of the Old Gold & Black as a student at Wake Forest.
Al Hunt '65, former writer for the Wall Street Journal and current Washington managing editor for Bloomberg News, was an Old Gold & Black staff member.
Linda Carter Brinson '69, journalist and first woman assistant national editor at The Baltimore Sun, served as editor of the Old Gold & Black while an undergraduate student.
Maria Henson '82, who won the 1992 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing, served as a copy editor of the Old Gold & Black as an undergraduate.
Louise Flanagan '84, a U.S. District Judge, was a section editor of the Old Gold & Black as a student.
Tom Ondrof '86, the current CFO of Aramark, served as a sports editor of the Old Gold & Black while studying at Wake Forest.
Jonathan Jordan '90, an attorney and politician who served in the North Carolina House of Representatives, was editor-in-chief of the Old Gold & Black.
Britt Grant '00, a U.S. Circuit Court Judge, wrote for the Old Gold & Black as an undergraduate.
Ricky Van Veen '03, co-founder of the website CollegeHumor, was a photographer and reporter for the Old Gold & Black while a student.
Zachary Klein '04, co-founder of Vimeo, was one of the first Online Managing Editors of the Old Gold & Black.
Jordan Rae Kelly '05, the former director for cyber incident response on the National Security Council at the White House, wrote for the Old Gold & Black as an undergraduate.
External links
Official website
The Old Gold and Black on Facebook
The Old Gold and Black on Twitter
Old Gold and Black, digital collection of issues from 1916–2000 at the Z. Smith Reynolds Library, Wake Forest University
References
Wake Forest University
Student newspapers published in North Carolina
Newspapers established in 1916
1916 establishments in North Carolina
Mass media in Winston-Salem, North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Gold%20%26%20Black |
Carolyn Tanner Irish (April 14, 1940 – June 29, 2021) was an American bishop. She was the 10th Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Utah. At the time of her election and consecration in 1996 she became the fourth woman in the Episcopal Church to hold the office of bishop.
Education
Irish received a BA degree with high honors in philosophy from the University of Michigan in 1962 after having transferred from Stanford University where she began her studies in 1958. Also at Michigan she was granted membership in the Phi Kappa Phi Honorary Society. In 1968, she earned a Master of Letters (MLitt) degree in moral philosophy from Linacre College, University of Oxford. Having enrolled in seminary in 1979, Irish received a Master of Divinity (MDiv) degree, cum laude, from the Virginia Theological Seminary in 1983. She held honorary doctoral degrees from Virginia Theological Seminary, Westminster College in Salt Lake City, the University of Utah, The Church Divinity School of the Pacific, the Salt Lake Community College, and Utah State University.
Background
Irish was born in 1940 and raised in Salt Lake City, Utah, daughter of Utah businessman, philanthropist, and University of Utah philosophy professor Obert Clark Tanner. During her upbringing, her family was active in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, but she stopped attending church after she left home for college. In 1960, while at Stanford University, she married Leon E. Irish, another Stanford student, who later earned a law degree from the University of Michigan and a D.Phil. from Oxford University. She studied at Linacre College, Oxford, where she was an honorary fellow. Together they had four children; Stephen, Jessica, Thomas, and Emily.
Because of her children, Irish began attending church again in 1975 and said of the Episcopal Church, "I was surprised when I realized that this was my home." By 1977 she was considering entering the ordained ministry and two years later began seminary. Having been raised and baptized in the LDS Church, there has been debate in some circles over the validity of her baptism and subsequent ordination However, at the time of her confirmation into the Episcopal Church, her baptism was recognized as valid. The sacraments of baptism and confirmation are both prerequisites of ordination in the Episcopal Church.
In 1983, Irish was ordained to the diaconate, followed in 1984 by her ordination to the priesthood in the Episcopal Diocese of Washington, DC. As a priest, she served congregations in the dioceses of Washington, D.C., Virginia, and Michigan. She was appointed archdeacon in the Diocese of Michigan in 1986, and later served on the staff of the Shalem Institute for Spiritual Formation, and the Washington National Cathedral.
Throughout her service, Irish led a program called Project Jubilee. All 22 churches and a number of ministries have benefited from Project Jubilee grants and loans that purchased land, paid mortgages, assisted construction, and made the very existence of several parishes a reality. Most recently, Project Jubilee funds were used for a portion of the new Episcopal Church Center of Utah. The funds came from the Perpetual Trust of Sts. Peter and Paul, which resulted from the sale of St. Mark's Hospital under her predecessor, Bishop George Bates. Irish was originally elected as bishop coadjutor near the end of Bishop Bates' service. Irish also followed a policy of financial transparency, so all could see the monetary blessings the diocese has had to enrich its work and outreach.
In addition to her episcopal duties, Irish also served as chair of the board of O.C. Tanner Co., the employee recognition company founded by her father. Irish also served on the Standing Committee on Ecumenical Relations for the National Episcopal Church and the Advisory Board of the Shalem Institute for Spiritual Formation as well as the boards of directors of the Tanner Lectures on Human Values and the Nature Conservancy of Utah. The Carolyn Tanner Irish Humanities Building at the University of Utah bears her name. She also established a reputation as a community leader. Outspoken from the start of her service, she supported minorities and opposed allowing guns in churches. She also fought political movements to make English the only language that could be used in governmental laws and information. She held honorary doctorates from the University of Utah, Utah State University, Salt Lake Community College, Westminster and Weber State University.
In 1988, Irish was divorced from her husband after 28 years of marriage. In 1999, she took a leave of absence to cope with her alcoholism. In 2001, she married the Rev. Frederick Quinn, a retired foreign service officer and author.
In 2010, Irish retired from her Episcopal Church position and continued her Utah ties, but primarily lived in Washington D.C. She and her husband had six adult children between them, with most of them living in the eastern United States.
See also
Episcopal Church in the United States of America
Succession of Bishops of the Episcopal Church in the United States
References
Robinson, Doug. "Bishop Irish Comes Full Circle." Deseret Morning News 29 Feb. 2004. Retrieved 20 June 2006.
"The Rt. Rev. Carolyn Tanner Irish, Tenth Bishop of Utah" Episcopal Diocese of Utah website. Retrieved 29 January 2007.
External links
Episcopal Diocese of Utah Homepage
1940 births
2021 deaths
Women Anglican bishops
Former Latter Day Saints
Clergy from Salt Lake City
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
Stanford University alumni
Alumni of Linacre College, Oxford
Converts to Anglicanism from Mormonism
Tanner family
University of Michigan alumni
Episcopal bishops of Utah | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolyn%20Tanner%20Irish |
Universidad de los Andes () (UANDES) is a private catholic-inspired higher learning institution that carries out non-profit education, research, and assistance activities, and was founded in 1989 in Santiago de Chile by a group of academics and professionals.
UANDES is currently accredited by the National Accreditation Commission for a period of 5 years out of a maximum of 7 in five areas: pre- and postgraduate teaching, research, community engagement, and institutional management. Since 2019 it is a member of the Council of Chancellors.
History
The university was founded on September 8, 1989, by Eduardo Fernández León, Matías Izquierdo Menéndez, and Eduardo Gulisasti Gana, and others.
The faculty of law was the first to begin, in 1990, followed by the medical faculty and the institute of philosophy. Over the years, new majors were added on today reaching a total of 22 undergraduate majors, 10 associate degree programs, 1,700 academics, 4 doctorates, 8 postgraduate programs, 21 master's programs, 25 advanced-study programs and 27 specialties in the health field.
Students
Its 9,000 students are currently studying one of the 28 undergraduate majors it offers in the fields of humanities, engineering, and healthcare, and 11 associate degree programs. Its postgraduate programs, which include PhD, master, and medical specialty programs, have over 1,500 students enrolled. Located on its sole campus are the Clinica Universidad de los Andes, the CiiB (Center for Research and Biomedical Innovation) and the ESE Business School. The Universidad de los Andes Health Center 1, located in the district of San Bernardo in southern Santiago, was also created as a service to the local community as well as a hands-on teaching facility.
Infrastructure
On the San Carlos de Apoquindo Campus, the university has nine buildings, including the ESE Business School, the engineering building, a library, and the central building which houses the offices of most of the support units, classrooms, a degree room, and academic staff offices.
It also has two clinical halls of its own, one of them is a health center located in San Bernardo and Clinica Universidad de los Andes, which is integrated onto the university campus.
Chancellors
1989-1998: Raúl Bertelsen Repetto
1999-2003: Oscar Cristi Marfil
2004-2013: Orlando Poblete Iturrate
2014-To date: José Antonio Guzmán Cruzat
Academic programs and schools
Universidad de los Andes offers 29 undergraduate degrees leading to professional degrees. It also dictates 11 associate degree programs, which can be continued here or at other higher learning institutions.
Health department
Universidad de los Andes was the first private Chilean university not belonging to the Council of Chancellors to teach medicine.
Medicine
Dentistry
Nutrition and dietetics
Nursing
Psychology
Physical therapy
Occupational therapy
Speech therapy
Obstetrics and childcare
Engineering and administration department
Service administration
Business administration
Environmental civil engineering
Civil engineering in public works
Industrial civil engineering
Electrical civil engineering
Civil engineering in computer science
Humanities department
Law
Journalism
Philosophy
Literature
History
Advertising
Media and communications
Education department
Early childhood education
Elementary education
Bilingual elementary education
High school education
High school education in Roman Catholic theology
In 2018 enrollments were closed and with it the majors for high school history, literature, and philosophy.
Associate degree programs
Associate degree in medicine
Associate degree in dentistry
Associate degree in psychology
Associate degree in service administration
Associate degree in nursing
Associate degree in engineering
Associate degree in business administration
Associate degree in civil engineering
Associate degree in humanities
Associate degree in law
Associate degree in health care
Associate degree in obstetrics and childcare
Faculties and academic units
Currently, the university has nine faculties, eleven schools and three other independently governed academic units:
School of service administration
Service administration
School of psychology
Psychology
Faculty of economics and business
Business administration
Faculty of communications
Media and communications
Journalism
Advertising
Faculty of law
Law
Faculty of education
Early childhood education
Elementary education
High school education
Bilingual elementary education
High school education in Roman Catholic theology
Faculty of nursing and midwifery
School of nursing
School of obstetrics and childcare
Faculty of philosophy and humanities
Institute of history
Institute of philosophy
Institute of literature
Faculty of engineering and applied sciences
Environmental civil engineering
Civil engineering in public works
Industrial civil engineering
Electrical civil engineering
Civil engineering in computer science
Faculty of medicine
School of speech therapy
School of physical therapy
School of medicine
School of nutrition and eietetics
School of occupational therapy
Faculty of dentistry
Dentistry
Institute of family sciences
Associate degree programs
Associate degree in service administration
Associate degree in law
Associate degree in nursing
Associate degree in numanities
Associate degree in engineering
Associate degree in business administration
Associate degree in healthcare
Associate degree in medicine
Associate degree in dentistry
Associate degree in obstetrics and childcare
Associate degree in psychology
Center for general studies
International agreements
The university has a significant number of international agreements with universities around the world and houses different research centers and institutes.
Notable alumni
List of students of Universidad de los Andes (Chile)
Politics
Joaquín Lavín León
Lucia Pinto
Journalism
Manuel de Tezanos-Pinto
María Luisa Godoy
Catalina Edwards
Film
Guillermo Amoedo
Lorenza Izzo
Law
Carlos Charme
Jorge Alessandri Vergara
Felipe Ward
Felipe Alessandri
José Luis Uriarte
Enrique Guzmán Blanco
Alejandro Rubilar Camurri
Student participation
In 2012, the first election for a student gederation was held, resulting in the election of the "construye" (build) list led by civil engineering student Nicolás Peñafiel. Currently, the student federation is represented by Ignacio Cruz.
Some past student federation presidents have been:
2020: Ignacio Cruz (MED), University Renewal Movement.
2019: Florencia Barañao (NUR), Create Uandes Movement.
2018: Valentina Guerrero (LAW), Forward Uandes Movement.
2017: Álvaro Arriagada (BA), Create Uandes Movement.
2016: Vicente Chomon (LAW), Forward Uandes Movement.
2015: Patricio Werner (MED), student council chosen by the presidents of the various student councils.
2014: Constanza Astorga (NUR), Build Uandes Movement.
2013: María Teresa Urrutia (LAW), Build Uandes Movement.
2012: Nicolás Peñafiel (ENG), Build Uandes Movement.
References
External links
Official Spanish language website
English version
Business Schools in Chile
University of the Andes, Chile
Andes
Business schools in Chile
Universities and colleges established in 1989
1989 establishments in Chile | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20the%20Andes%2C%20Chile |
Ezra Ames (May 5, 1768 – February 23, 1836) was a popular portrait painter in Albany, New York, during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. More than 700 portraits have been attributed to him.
Life and career
He was born in Framingham, Massachusetts, in 1768. He moved to Worcester, Massachusetts, in 1790, and married Zipporah Wood in 1794. Some time later he moved to Albany, New York, where he painted a number of prominent people, including early portraits of Governor George Clinton and Alexander Hamilton.
It is not known whether Ames was formally trained or not, but his work had a popular appeal. In addition to portraits and landscapes, Ames' surviving accounts books indicated he painted miniatures, carriages, fire buckets, fences, mirror frames, and furniture.
Ames painted a number of still lifes, landscapes, and history paintings, and was skilled at engraving. The Chautauqan Magazine describes his importance in this way; "(he) was the most noted portraitist in the state, outside New York city. The sure and fluent ease of his brush, his keen characterization, his pure, fresh coloring, are all remarkable for this early period. His portrait of Governor George Clinton, exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy in 1812, won him wide notice; but he did delightful work some years earlier, and many even finer canvases are scattered through the middle states, in private hands."
During his career Ames painted many members of the New York State legislature and retired comfortably on his savings built up during his prolific career, primarily between 1800 and 1820. In fact he became known unofficially as the (official) New York State portrait painter. Ames was an active freemason, which brought him a number of commissions from his fellows.
Ames served as chairman of the Fine Arts Committee of the Society for the Promotion of Useful Arts in 1805, and was also President of the Mechanics' and Farmers' Bank of Albany.
He died in 1836 and is buried at the Albany Rural Cemetery (Lot 1 Section 59). Ames was posthumously elected an honorary member of the American Academy of Fine Arts in New York City.
Ames had three children, two of whom followed him into the business: Angelo Ames and Julius Rubens Ames (1801–1850).
Paintings by Ezra Ames
References
Who Was Who in America: Historical Volume, 1607-1896. Chicago: Marquis Who's Who, 1963.
Sources
Albany Institute of History and Art article
New York State Museum article
External links
Ezra Ames at American Art Gallery
1768 births
1836 deaths
18th-century American painters
18th-century American male artists
American male painters
19th-century American painters
Artists from Albany, New York
Burials at Albany Rural Cemetery
People from Framingham, Massachusetts
Painters from Massachusetts
Painters from New York (state)
People of colonial Massachusetts
19th-century American male artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezra%20Ames |
Anthony Leonard Bright (born March 28, 1977) is a former Canadian and American football wide receiver. He played for the Jacksonville Tomcats of the af2, the Carolina Panthers of the NFL and the Calgary Stampeders of the CFL. Bright played college basketball at Valencia Community College.
References
1977 births
Living people
Players of American football from Florida
American football wide receivers
Carolina Panthers players
Canadian football wide receivers
Calgary Stampeders players
Valencia Matadors football players
Orlando Predators players
Philadelphia Soul players
Jacksonville Tomcats players
Scottish Claymores players
Las Vegas Gladiators players
Grand Rapids Rampage players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Bright |
"Look on the Floor" is a song by English girl group Bananarama, released in November 2005 as the second single from their ninth album Drama. The song was written by Sara Dallin, Keren Woodward, H. Korpi, M. Wollo, M. Malavasi and S. Micheli, and was produced by Korpi and BlackCell. Contained in "Look on the Floor" is an interpolation of the chorus of the 1983 Italo disco song "Hypnotic Tango" by My Mine.
"Look on the Floor" peaked at number 26 in the United Kingdom, where it became their twenty-fifth – and, to date, final – top 40 single. Later in the year it was released internationally and peaked at number twelve on the Spanish singles chart.
Although the single was not released in the United States, it peaked at number two on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play chart strictly based on nightclub play of the import single (a rare occurrence for the U.S. dance chart), becoming Bananarama's biggest club hit since "Venus" in 1986. "Look on the Floor" soon caught on to radio, peaking at number five on the Hot Dance Airplay chart. The dance chart success of this single prompted an official release in the United States of Bananarama's previous single "Move in My Direction" in August 2006.
The Angel City remix of the song was included on the soundtrack to You Don't Mess with the Zohan.
Music video
The music video features Dallin and Woodward shot in an all white studio with an arrangement of white boxes and cylinders. Their scenes are intercut with a dance performance by three male dancers in front of mirrors. It was directed by Tim Royes.
Formats and track listings
These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "Look on the Floor".
UK CD single #1
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)"
"Live in the Sun"
UK CD single #2
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Radio edit) – 3:28
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Solasso remix) – 6:43
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Soul Seekerz remix) – 7:29
Remixed by Julian Napolitano, Simon Langford & Andrew Galea
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Angel City Alternative Radio edit)
Remixed by Hugo Zentveld (aka DJ Renegade) & Aldwin Oomen
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Yomanda remix) – 7:33
Remixed by Paul Masterson
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" music video
UK DVD single
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)"
Australian CD single
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Radio edit) – 3:28
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Angel City Extended Remix) – 5:45
Remixed by Hugo Zentveld (aka DJ Renegade) & Aldwin Oomen
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Solasso Remix) – 6:43
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Yomanda Remix) – 7:33
Remixed by Paul Masterson
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Soul Seekerz Remix) – 7:29
Remixed by Julian Napolitano, Simon Langford & Andrew Galea
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Solasso Remix Dub) – 5:51
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Soul Seekerz Remix Dub) – 7:29
Remixed by Julian Napolitano, Simon Langford & Andrew Galea
"Look on the Floor (Hypnotic Tango)" (Yomanda Remix Dub) – 7:32
Remixed by Paul Masterson
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2005 songs
2005 singles
Bananarama songs
Songs written by Sara Dallin
Songs written by Keren Woodward
Songs written by Henrik Korpi
Song recordings produced by Korpi & Blackcell
Songs written by Mathias Johansson (producer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look%20on%20the%20Floor%20%28Hypnotic%20Tango%29 |
Enterprise Community Partners, formerly The Enterprise Foundation, is a national nonprofit organized around three central goals: to increase housing supply, advance racial equity and build resilience and upward mobility. Founded in 1982 by developer/philanthropist James W. Rouse and his wife Patty, Enterprise has worked with community-based nonprofit organizations to develop 951,000 homes, investing $64 billion throughout the United States. The organization works in more than 800 communities and in collaboration with thousands of partners in the nonprofit, public and for-profit sectors. Affordable housing advocate and attorney Priscilla Almodovar served as president and chief executive officer of Enterprise from September 2019 to December 2022. Lori Chatman and Drew Warshaw are the current Co-CEOs and Interim Presidents of Enterprise Community Partners. Chatman is also the President of the Capital Division, with Warshaw as the Chief Operating Officer.
History
In 1972, three members of the Church of the Saviour—Terry Flood, Barbara Moore and Carolyn Banker—wanted to create low-income housing in the Adams Morgan neighborhood of D.C. With no development, financial or construction experience, they put down a non-refundable deposit to purchase the Ritz and Mozart apartment buildings. Their commitment won over James Rouse, CEO of The Rouse Company and he helped them secure $625,000 to complete the transaction and $125,000 toward the cost of rehabilitation.
In 1981, the experience inspired Jim Rouse to found Robin Hood Inc. based in one of Rouse’s American City buildings in Columbia, Maryland. The company was renamed to Jubilee Housing to help with fundraising efforts. Jubilee Housing provided the launchpad for Jim and Patty Rouse to start the Enterprise Foundation in 1982. In 2005, it was renamed Enterprise Community Partners.
In 1984, Jim Rouse was soliciting business representing both Rouse Company as chief executive officer and Enterprise Development as president. The Rouse Company board of directors asked Jim Rouse to leave as CEO of the Rouse Company and his position in Enterprise Development which ended his involvement with the company he founded.
Enterprise Green Communities
Enterprise Green Communities is the nation's only national green building program designed explicitly for green affordable housing construction. The 2020 Green Communities Criteria is the latest version of the guidelines, first introduced in 2005. Updates include a Path to Zero Energy, new water-quality standards, and a new approach to affordable housing in rural areas, tribal communities and small towns.
Projects
National Community Stabilization Trust - A 2008 initiative to purchase and resell high-risk foreclosed properties.
Remington, Baltimore
Sandtown- Baltimore
Tempozan Marketplace a Festival marketplace project near Osaka, Japan developed as a public-private partnership with the Osaka Waterfront Development Corporation.
See also
Green building
NeighborWorks America
Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
New Markets Tax Credits
References
External links
Enterprise Community Partners Website
Enterprise YouTube channel
Community-building organizations
Companies based in Columbia, Maryland
Non-profit organizations based in Maryland
Sustainable building in the United States
Rouse family | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise%20Community%20Partners |
This is a current listing of the media in Kouhei Kadono's Boogiepop series. This metaseries currently consists of 22 light novels, 3 four volume light novel spin-off series, a live-action movie, two anime television series, four manga serials, audio CDs, and other books.
An oddity of the Boogiepop titles is that they are almost always made of more than one title, and often there is a mix of English and Japanese titles. This list provides the English-release title, the Japanese title (and transliteration), with any further sub-titles below.
Light novels
1. Boogiepop and Others 10 February 1998; 14 February 2006;
An alien being chases an escaped clone of itself, a man-eater hiding in Shinyo Academy. As students disappear one-by-one, people begin to wonder if they are being taken by the legendary Boogiepop. As five different students try to understand different aspects of the puzzle, will anyone every truly know the truth of the events?
2. "Sign" 10 August 1998; 21 June 2006;
A year ago, Boogiepop defeated Imaginator, however, it appears to be trying to return: Asakura Jin, who can see people's hearts as plants, is being visited by the phantom of Imaginator's last host. Meanwhile, two agents from the Towa Organisation are trying to find Boogiepop. Whilst Camille tries to lure out Boogiepop indirectly, Spooky E finds himself face-to-face with Shinyo Academy's shinigami.
3. "Parade" 10 August 1998; 15 October 2006;
4. Does anybody really know what time is it? 10 December 1998; 19 July 2018 (e-book); 5 February 2019; (print)
Six children with the ability to predict the future, each in different ways. One day, Boogiepop begins to enter their premonitions.
5. Heartbreaker II 10 February 1999; 9 August 2018 (e-book); 5 February 2019; (print)
Teratsuki Kyouichiro, a man with connections to the Towa Organisation, constructed The Moon Temple, but has now suddenly died. The building is to be demolished in a month's time, but an accident seals visitors to the building, allowing the King of Distortion to manifest.
6. Boogiepop at Dawn 10 May 1999; 5 August 2008;
The prequel to the Boogiepop series. A serial killer is stalking the streets, meanwhile Kirima Nagi is hospitalised with an unknown disease, and Miyashita Touka begins to exhibit unusual behaviour.
7. Peppermint wizard, or Rize and fall of poor innocent puppet 10 August 1999;
After trying the Peppermint ice cream made by Kigawa Tosuke, Teratsuki Kyouichiro uses him to start a chain known as The Peppermint Wizard. The ice cream is able to take away people's pain, but does not go unnoticed by the Towa Organisation.
8. "The Embryo" 1st half -erosion- 10 December 1999;
A mysterious virus named Embryo begins infecting portable gaming systems. Anyone exposed to this virus soon begins to develop special abilities.
9. "The Embryo" 2nd half -eruption- 10 February 2000;
10. The Unusual Contact of Vermilion Hurt & Fire Witch 10 February 2001;
A prequel to Boogiepop and Others and Boogiepop Returns: VS Imaginator. No sooner does Kirima Nagi return to middle school than a series of strange incidents occurs.
11. Holy and Ghost are steeped in plastic crimes 10 September 2001;
A pair of delinquents seek to release an enemy of the world known as Rock Bottom.
12. Welcome to Jinx Shop 10 March 2003;
Meet Oxygen, the head of the Towa Organisation, and learn about the Organisation's agenda: world domination.
13. Lost in Moebius 10 April 2005;
Crossing over with the Night Watch Trilogy, Orihata Aya and a boy seeking vengeance on Boogiepop become trapped in a world known as 'Kiba no Ato'.
14. Ark of Orpheus 10 April 2006;
A boy discovers his girlfriend is an MPLS, and both the Towa Organization and Boogiepop are after her.
15. The Silent Pyramid 10 January 2008;
16. The Scat Singing Cat 10 December 2009;
17. Into The Lunar Rainbow 10 January 2011;
18. Paradigm Rust 10 September 2013;
19. Stalking in Decadent Black 10 November 2014;
20. Revolt of Alternative Ego 10 March 2016;
21. Rabbit Run Rapidly 7 July 2017;
22. Kingcraft of Panic-Cute 10 April 2018;
23. When Dizzy Thinks of Lizzy 10 May 2019;
These serialized novels take place within the Boogiepop universe:
Beat's discipline Side 1 [Exile] 10 March 2002;
Beat's discipline Side 2 [Fracture] 10 August 2003;
Beat's discipline Side 3 [Providence] 10 September 2004;
Beat's discipline Side 4 [Indiscipline] 10 April 2005;
Repent Walpurgis Fire 1 [Warning Witch] 10 August 2008;
Repent Walpurgis Fire 2 [Spitting Witch] 10 August 2009;
Repent Walpurgis Fire 3 [Dozing Witch] 10 August 2010;
Repent Walpurgis Fire 4 [Freezing Witch] 10 December 2011;
The Emperoider Spin 1 [Wormy Empire] 10 April 2013;
The Emperoider Spin 2 [Gravelly Empire] 10 June 2014;
The Emperoider Spin 3 [Haunted Empire] 10 December 2015;
The Emperoider Spin 4 [Fallen Empire] 10 January 2017;
Short stories
Metal Guru 18 June 1999
LONDON CALLING 18 September 1999
My Death Waits 18 December 1999
Boogietalk, Poplife (in Petssounds) 25 February 2000
CHARIOT CHOOGLE 18 March 2000
25 September 2003
Anime
Boogiepop Phantom
A month ago, an unknown pillar of light pierced the sky over the city. Now, strange events begin to take place. Some people are disappearing, others are beginning to show signs of highly evolved powers, while others are seeing apparitions of people who should be dead. Rumors circulate about urban legend Boogiepop being involved.
Boogiepop and Others
Marking the 20th Anniversary of Kouhei Kadono's original novel debut, and announced at the Dengeki Bunko 25th Anniversary & New Work Unveiling Stage, a series based on Boogiepop and Others, Boogiepop Returns: VS Imaginator, Boogiepop at Dawn, and Boogiepop Overdrive: The King of Distortion aired from January 4 to March 29, 2019. The series updated the setting to the present day.
Film
11 March 2000 1 March 2005
Based on the novel of the same name. An alien and a man-eater are playing a deadly game of cat-and-mouse at Shinyo Academy, and the students are the ones who suffer as a result of this. Is the legendary shinigami, Boogiepop, somehow involved in this incident?
Music
Two audio CDs have been released.
, 25 February 2000, 30 April 2002.
, 25 March 2000, 30 April 2002.
Books
Boogiepop wa Warawanai THE MOVIE Eiga Fanbook 1 March 2000;
The Art of Kouji Ogata Boogiepop and Others 20 April 2000;
Manga
Volume 1 1 February 2001; 24 April 2006; Volume 2 December 2002; 15 July 2006;
Based on the Boogiepop and Others novel.
Volume 1 1 April 2000; 15 September 2006; Volume 2 15 December 2000; 15 December 2006
References
External links
Seven Seas Entertainment Boogiepop Page
The Right Stuf International Boogiepop and Others Page
boogiesite v1.0
Forbidden Booklists of Boogiepop
media
Lists of anime episodes
Lists of novels
Anime and manga lists
Mass media by franchise | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Boogiepop%20media |
Jacob Daniel Martin (born December 22, 1951) is an American actor. He has been featured in numerous roles, primarily playing law enforcement characters or in movies about law enforcement, notably as Bradley Baker (a recurring police deputy chief) in The Bold and the Beautiful.
Filmography
Live-action
Rin Tin Tin: K-9 Cop (1988–1993, TV Series) as Lou Adams
A Man Called Hawk (1989, TV Series) as Jackie Stubbs
Casualties of War (1989) as Sergeant Hawthorne
Doctor Doctor (1990, TV Series) as Dr. Martin Tomkins
Tales from the Crypt (1991, TV Series) as 'Snaz'
Roc (1991, TV Series) as George
Jake and the Fatman (1992, TV Series) as Sergeant Lincoln 'Linc' Connell
Sleepwalkers (1992) as Andy Simpson
Dream On (1992, TV Series) as Barry
L.A. Law (1993, TV Series) as Officer Walters
Laurel Avenue (1993, TV Mini-Series) as Woodrow Arnett
Hangin' with Mr. Cooper (1993, TV Series) as Vince
Melrose Place (1994, TV Series) as Detective
The Stand (1994, TV Mini-Series) as Rich Moffat
Beverly Hills Cop III (1994) as Cooper
The Wayans Bros. (1995, TV Series) as Cop #1
Heat (1995) as Harry Dieter
Campus Cops (1996, TV Series) as Announcer
ER (1996, TV Series) as Lieutenant
Nowhere Man (1996, TV Series) as Father Ray
Pacific Blue (1996, TV Series) Lieutenant Douglas
Friends (1996, TV Series) (uncredited)
NYPD Blue (1996, TV Series) as Bouncer
Fox Hunt (1996) as Croupier
High Tide (1997, TV Series)
Goode Behavior (1997, TV Series) as Lloyd
The Pretender (1997, TV Series) as Dr. Fletcher
Executive Target (1997) as Carter
Nothing to Lose (1997) as L.A.P.D. Sergeant
Profiler (1997, TV Series)
The Practice (1997, TV Series) as Officer Tedesco
The Good News (1997, TV Series) as Lieutenant Hecker
The Bold and the Beautiful (1997–2018 and 2021–present, TV Series) as Bradley Baker
Prey (1998, TV Series) as Prosecutor
In the House (1998, TV Series) as Bentley Langford
NightMan (1998, TV Series) as Minister
Rush Hour (1998) as FBI Gate Guard #2
Oh Baby (1998, TV Series) as Daniel
NewsRadio (1998, TV Series) as Inspector Ron Jarek
Clueless (1999, TV Series) as Referee
Pensacola: Wings of Gold (1999, TV Series)
Family Law (1999, TV Series) as Ed Adams
Dawson's Creek (1999, TV Series) as Megan Whoopie
Roswell (1999–2000, TV Series) as Principal
Dancing in September (2000) as Tommy's Father
18 Wheels of Justice (2000, TV Series) as Reverend Maurice Haybrook
Get Real (2000, TV Series) as Coach Wilson
The Invisible Man (2000, TV Series)
Ally McBeal (2000, TV Series) as Principal Jollie
That's Life
Leprechaun in the Hood (2000) as Jackie D
The Man Who Wasn't There (2001) as Bailiff
Sacred Is the Flesh (2001)
The Guardian (2001, TV Series) as Police Officer
Grounded for Life (2001–2002, TV Series) Mr. Pennix
JAG (2001–2004, TV Series) as Senior Chief
Angel Blade (2002) as Lieutenant Paul Jackson
Crocodile 2: Death Swamp (2002) as Pilot
Enough (2002) as FBI Agent #1
Groom Lake (2002) as Captain Morgan
Presidio Med (2002, TV Series)
Off Centre (2002, TV Series) as Dr. Mumford
Robbery Homicide Division (2002, TV Series) as Joseph Vigna
Malcolm in the Middle (2002–2006, TV Series) as Malik
Everybody Loves Raymond (2003, TV Series) as Policeman
The Handler (2003, TV Series)
Judging Amy (2003–2004, TV Series) as Detective Avery / Detective
Three Way (2004) as Patrolman
Clubhouse (2004, TV Series) as Security Guard #1
Cold Case (2005, TV Series) as Maurice Banks
View in Black & White (2005) as The Father
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2005, TV Series) as Plant Nursery Worker
Sleeper Cell (2005, TV Series) as Ernest Jefferson
Gridiron Gang (2006) as Terrell Rollins
Boston Legal (2006, TV Series) as Detective Russell Roberts
Love... & Other 4 Letter Words (2007) as Lee Earl
All of Us (2007, TV Series) as The Quizz Master
Bones (2007, TV Series) as Major
Burn Notice (2007, TV Series) as Dan Siebels
The Nation (2009) as Bimbi
Bob Funk (2009) as Mark
Lie to Me (2009, TV Series) as Conrad Ricks
Just Peck (2009) as Coach
Numbers (2009–2010, TV Series) as Detective Jack Cates
NCIS (2012, TV Series) as Mail Carrier
Franklin & Bash (2012, TV Series) as Donald French
10 Cent Pistol (2014) as Detective Dassin
How to Get Away with Murder (2015, TV Series) as Janitor Joe
First (2015, TV Series) as Walter
The Grinder (2015, TV Series) as 'Murph' Murphy
Code Black (2015, TV Series) as Donald
Bachelors (2015) as Minister
Criminal Minds (2016, TV Series) as Detective McLeary
The Originals (2016–2018, TV Series) as Hollis
School of Rock (2016, TV Series) as Gary
Fresh Off the Boat (2017, TV Series) as Clyde Minter
Famous in Love (2017, TV Series) as Dennis
S.W.A.T. (2017, TV Series) as Dell
Ten Days in the Valley (2017, TV Series) as Morgan
Craig Ross Jr.'s Monogamy (2018) as Michael
Nightmare Cinema (2018) as Dr. Michaelson
Mom (2018, TV Series) as Juan
Kidding (2018, TV Series) as Joe
The Resident (2019, TV Series) as Floyd Washington
9-1-1 (2019, TV Series) as Doctor
Better Call Saul (2020, TV Series) as Judge Xavier Parson
External links
1951 births
African-American male actors
American male film actors
Place of birth missing (living people)
American male soap opera actors
American male television actors
Living people
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Martin%20%28actor%29 |
Borgetto (Sicilian: Lu Burgettu) is a small mountain Italian town of the Metropolitan City of Palermo in Sicily. As of 2012 Borgetto had an estimated population of 7,394. The town overlooks the northern coastline of Sicily.
History
The origins of Borgetto are disputed. The two largely accepted theories are that Borgetto was set up as vantage point over the Mediterranean Sea by Arab invaders. Thus, comes the root of Borgetto, Burj, which translates to tower in Arabic. Borgetto is the combination of Burj (tower) and -etto (a suffix meaning small in Italian).
The other theory is that Borgetto was set up by the Greeks as Greek ruins are commonplace throughout Sicily. This theory, however, is based on theory as opposed to fact.
Sources
Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Palermo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgetto |
Remizov () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Remizova. It may refer to
Aleksey Remizov (1877–1957), Russian modernist writer
Igor Remizov (born 1970), Russian football player
Mikhail Remizov (1948–2015), Russian stage and film actor
Nicolai Remizov (1887-1975), Russian artist and art director
See also
Remezov
Russian-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remizov |
The United States Army Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps is one of four premier musical organizations of the United States Army. Members perform using musical instruments and wearing uniforms similar to those used by military musicians of the Continental Army during the American Revolution.
It is the only unit of its kind in the United States' armed forces, and is part of the 3rd U.S. Infantry ("The Old Guard"). The Fife and Drum Corps has been stationed at Fort Myer, Virginia, since its founding on February 23, 1960.
In 2022, February 18th was named “The United States Army Old Guard Fife and Drum Corps Day” in Spanish Fort, Alabama.
Musicians
The musicians of this unit recall the fifes and drums from the days of the American Revolution as they perform in uniforms patterned after those worn by the musicians of Gen. George Washington's Continental Army. Military musicians of the period wore the reverse colors of the regiments to which they were assigned. The uniforms worn by the members of the Corps are dated circa 1781, and consist of black tricorn hats, white wigs, waistcoats, colonial coveralls, and red regimental coats. The 69-member Corps uses 10-hole fifes, handmade rope-tensioned drums and two-valve bugles, which bring to life the exciting sounds of the Continental Army.
The Troop Step
Perhaps the most distinctive signature of the musicians of this unit is the troop step, reminiscent of the ceremonial steps of the Household Regiments of the British Army. While playing their instruments, the musicians march forward at a slow, ceremonial pace, while pointing their toes, toe touching the ground first. After these troop steps, typically, the Fife and Drum Corps changes back to normal pace, stepping off at normal step, playing Yankee Doodle, to the applause of the crowds.
Drum Major
The drum major of the unit is distinguished from the other musicians by his headgear, the light-infantry Cap. In contrast to modern Army bands, and as an indication of prominence, he carries an espontoon instead of the standard mace. The espontoon is an 18th-century weapon carried by officers. However, it is used by the drum major to issue silent commands to the Corps.
Performances
As an official representative of the U.S. Army, the Corps averages over 500 performances annually. The Corps has entertained millions of people in major parades, pageants and historical celebrations throughout the United States; and has served America as a goodwill ambassador as far away as Europe, Australia and Canada. Major sporting events the Corps has performed at include NCAA bowl games, NBA games, NFL games (including Super Bowls), the Kentucky Derby, the Indianapolis 500, and the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York.
In support of the President of the United States, the Corps performs at armed forces arrival ceremonies for visiting dignitaries and heads of state at the White House, and has participated in every presidential inaugural parade since President John F. Kennedy's in 1961. The Corps also performed at the funeral of Kennedy. Today both men and women are members of the unit.
Instruments
The Corps personnel play fifes, bugles, snare drums, and bass drums. Obtaining the instruments posed a challenge, as only a few manufacturers produce historical instruments. In 2012, a batch of 20 drums were produced in Basel, Switzerland, home to the Carnival of Basel, where a long tradition of marching drums and piccolo flutes is alive. In 2023, the Corps introduced a new set of drums manufactured by Loyal Drums in Woodbridge, VA. The fifes were built in Switzerland by Skip Healy of the Healy Flute Company, a professional musician and U.S. ex-pat.
Gallery
See also
Corps of Drums
U.S. Army Herald Trumpets
Commander-in-Chief's Guard (3rd Infantry Regiment)
References
Abbott James A., and Elaine M. Rice. Designing Camelot: The Kennedy White House Restoration. Van Nostrand Reinhold: 1998. .
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History. Simon & Schuster: 2000. .
Garrett, Wendell. Our Changing White House. Northeastern University Press: 1995. .
External links
Bands of the United States Army
Ceremonial units of the United States military
Presidency of the United States
White House Executive Residence Operations
Fife players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Guard%20Fife%20and%20Drum%20Corps |
Penelope is a 1966 American comedy caper film directed by Arthur Hiller, and starring Natalie Wood, Ian Bannen, Peter Falk, Jonathan Winters, and Dick Shawn. George Wells' screenplay was based on the 1965 novel of the same title, written by Howard Melvin Fast under the pseudonym E.V. Cunningham.
Plot
Penelope Elcott (Natalie Wood) is the wife of wealthy banker James Elcott (Ian Bannen). Penelope decides to disguise herself as an old woman and rob her husband's bank. While the police, including Lieutenant Horatio Bixbee (Peter Falk), rush to get to the bank, Penelope escapes in a red wig and yellow suit. She donates some of the stolen money to a Salvation Army worker and donates the suit to a second-hand thrift shop. Con artists Sabada (Lila Kedrova) and Ducky (Lou Jacobi) immediately recognize the suit as an original designer outfit from Paris, and purchase it for a mere $7.
Penelope visits her psychiatrist Gregory (Dick Shawn) and tells him all about her criminal activities. She says it began in college when a professor (Jonathan Winters) lured her into his laboratory and attempted to rape her, but she escaped, leaving her dress ripped off in the process. During the chase, she stole the watch fob of the professor. She next stole on her wedding day. When she caught her maid of honor Mildred Halliday (Norma Crane) kissing James, she swiped Mildred's earrings and necklace. Gregory suggests she is stealing to attract attention from her distant husband.
A young woman, Honeysuckle Rose, is accused of being the thief. Gregory wants to return the stolen money to the bank, but panics when he hears police cars arriving. Penelope confesses and tries to clear the innocent Honeysuckle, but Horatio the cop and husband James do not believe her. Ducky and Sabada pay a visit, trying to blackmail her, but Penelope foils their blackmail attempt.
Penelope hosts a dinner party, having stolen from all the invited guests. She tries to return the stolen items, but all claim that they never have seen them before. Penelope, confused and frightened, runs away. She again robs James' bank, but unlike the previous time, she is crying. James begs Horatio to find her. Penelope goes to Horatio with the stolen money, but the cop knows James would not press charges against his own wife.
The psychiatrist explains the dinner guests denied recognizing the stolen items because they would lose the fraudulently inflated insurance claims they collected. Gregory breaks down and begs Penelope to run away with him. She refuses, telling him she is cured. James realizes that he has neglected Penelope and starts seeing her face everywhere he turns. He goes to the psychiatrist's office, where James and Penelope happily reunite.
Cast
Natalie Wood as Penelope Elcott
Ian Bannen as James B. Elcott
Dick Shawn as Dr. Gregory Mannix
Peter Falk as Lieutenant Horatio Bixbee
Lila Kedrova as Princess Sadaba
Lou Jacobi as Ducky
Jonathan Winters as Professor Klobb
Norma Crane as Mildred Halliday
Arthur Malet as Salvation Army Major Higgins
Jerome Cowan as Bank Manager
Arlene Golonka as Honeysuckle Rose
Amzie Strickland as Miss Serena
Bill Gunn as Sergeant Rothschild
Carl Ballantine as Boom Boom
Iggie Wolfington as Store Owner
Production
The novel was published in 1965. The Los Angeles Times called it "that rare addition to whodunnit fiction, an original and unusual plot told with wit and intelligence".
Edith Head provided Wood with a $250,000 wardrobe for the film.
Filming started in New York in May 1966.
Wood later said making the film was difficult for her. "I broke out in hives and suffered anguish that was very real pain every day we shot", she recalled. "Arthur Hiller, the director, kept saying, 'Natalie, I think you're resisting this film', while I rolled around the floor in agony."
Reception
The film was a box-office disappointment. Wood did not make another movie for three years. Film critic Leonard Maltin dismissed the film as "this quite unfunny comedy", awarding it 1½ of 4 stars.
See also
List of American films of 1966
References
External links
1960s crime comedy films
1966 films
American crime comedy films
Films scored by John Williams
Films about bank robbery
Films directed by Arthur Hiller
Films set in New York City
Films shot in New York City
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films with screenplays by George Wells
1966 comedy films
1960s English-language films
1960s American films
English-language crime comedy films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penelope%20%281966%20film%29 |
William H. Clothier, A.S.C. (February 21, 1903 – January 7, 1996) was an American cinematographer.
Biography
Born in Decatur, Illinois, Clothier entered the film industry painting sets at Warner Bros., and at the end of the silent era began photographing such films as Wings (1927) and Ernst Lubitsch's The Patriot (1928). Between 1933 and 1938, he worked in Spain, where he was imprisoned during the Spanish Civil War. He was a lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force during World War II, during which he flew seventeen missions on the Memphis Belle.
In 1955, Clothier filmed The Sea Chase, his first project as Director of Photography with John Wayne, after which the actor signed him to a contract with his Batjac Productions. The two went on to collaborate on 21 more films, including John Ford's The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. He retired in 1972 after filming The Train Robbers for Burt Kennedy.
Clothier was nominated for two Academy Awards for Best Cinematography for The Alamo (1960) and Cheyenne Autumn (1964). His work on numerous Westerns earned him the 1973 Heritage Award from the Cowboy Hall of Fame, and he received the American Society of Cinematographers President's Award in 1995.
Filmography
Cinematographer
with Archie Stout.
Other
Originally filmed in 1949 but not released until 1957.
TV
Cheyenne - episode - Fury at Rio Hondo - Director of Photography (1956)
Gang Busters - 4 episodes - Director of Photography (1952-1955)
Misc.
The Hollywood Greats - episode - John Wayne - Himself (1984)
John Wayne's The Alamo - Video Documentary - Himself (1992)
References
External links
William H. Clothier at FilmReference.com
American cinematographers
1903 births
1996 deaths
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20H.%20Clothier |
George Alvin Wiley (February 26, 1931 – August 8, 1973) was an American chemist and civil rights leader. He was a founder of the National Welfare Rights Organization.
Early life and education
Wiley was born in Bayonne, New Jersey, the son of a postal clerk and one of six children. Wiley's family eventually moved to Warwick, Rhode Island.
Wiley earned his undergraduate degree at the University of Rhode Island in 1953. Working with Jerrold Meinwald, he received a doctorate in organic chemistry from Cornell University in 1957. Wiley fulfilled a six-month ROTC obligation as a first lieutenant in the United States Army at Fort Lee, Virginia; and subsequently accepted a post-doctoral fellowship at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Career
Wiley taught for two years at the University of California, Berkeley, whereupon he took a teaching position at Syracuse University in 1960. In November 1961, he founded the Syracuse chapter of Congress of Racial Equality. He was only the third Black faculty member at Syracuse. He later was a founder of the National Welfare Rights Organization.
He was listed on the Master list of Nixon's political opponents.
The George Wiley Award for Exceptional Performance in Organic Chemistry for students at Syracuse University is named in his honor.
Personal life
Wiley married and had two children. His daughter is civil rights activist and lawyer, Maya Wiley.
Death
On August 8, 1973, Wiley fell overboard while on a boat with his children on the Chesapeake Bay. On August 12, 1973, Wiley's body was found on the shore of Chesapeake Beach, Maryland after a three-day search.
References
Further reading
Carolyn P. DuBose: Champion of Welfare Rights. Ebony, April 1970, pp. 31-40 (excerpt (Google Books)
Nick Kotz and Mary Lynn Kotz, A Passion for Equality: George Wiley and the Movement (New York: W.W. Norton, 1977).
External links
Wiley, George Alvin (1931-1973) at blackpast.org
1931 births
1973 deaths
American community activists
Activists from New Jersey
Activists from Rhode Island
Cornell University alumni
People from Bayonne, New Jersey
People from Warwick, Rhode Island
Syracuse University faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
University of Rhode Island alumni
Deaths by drowning in the United States
Accidental deaths in Maryland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Wiley |
Kardámaina or Kardámena (), is a small Greek town 7 km from Kos Island International Airport at Antimacheia, situated mid-way along the south coast of the island of Kos. It lies in the municipal unit of Irakleides, in the Dodecanese. Once a small fishing village, it has been a popular summer destination for the past two decades, offering pubs, restaurants, bars, night clubs and watersports facilities. According to the 2011 census, there were 1,650 inhabitants census and a land area of 35.150 km². Between June and September, the town population triples due to the influx of tourists.
History
Kardamaina is built on the site of the ancient settlement of Alasarna. During the 2nd century BC, Alasarna was an important urban center with a thousand citizens (excluding slaves).
Archaeological excavations have brought to light some impressive ruins, such as a temple of Apollo, an extensive Early Christian settlement (one of the few known in Greece), and four basilicas that belong to the same period. Stone objects of everyday use (millstones, tools, vases, vessels), mostly made of volcanic and sedimentary rocks, have been recovered.
Gallery
Kos
Populated places in Kos (regional unit) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardamaina |
Comet is a wooden roller coaster at Hersheypark in Hershey, Pennsylvania. It is located in the Hollow section of Hersheypark, next to Skyrush. Built in 1946 by the Philadelphia Toboggan Coasters (PTC) of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the coaster features a double out and back track layout. When built it was jointly owned by Hershey Park and PTC. The maximum speed is .
History
Comet opened in 1946. In 1964, Comet received 6,650 individual 10-watt chaser lights. In 1994, Comet received 2 new trains named "Mork's Comet" and "Halley's Comet". One of the old trains is currently used as seating at the Hershey Museum, and the other was donated to the National Roller Coaster Museum and Archives.
Comet was re-tracked during the off-season in 2006, and new seat belts were added two years later. Comet was repainted the same color white, and the station was redone, during the 2012 off-season. Two years later, the lift hill was rehabilitated and straightened, removing the well known "kink" that was in the lift hill.
Ride experience
Comet goes up a lift, then drops at a 47-degree angle. After the first drop, the car goes up a hill and then makes a left 180-degree turn. The car drops back down another hill, goes up a small hill, and then up a larger hill, making another 180-degree turn. After the turn, there is another drop and then the track makes a right turn ("dog leg"), going through several bunny hills before another left 180-degree turn. Following the second set of bunny hills is a left turn and two bunny hills, then the car slows into the station.
The car usually sits for a few moments before coming around into the station because of an extra set of brakes that served as an unloading point until Comet was renovated to its current "spill 'n fill" operation.
Reception
A magazine in the 1970s proclaimed Comet to be among the top 15 roller coasters in the U.S. By 1996, Comet was the second-most-ridden attraction at Hersheypark, behind Coal Cracker.
References
Hersheypark
Roller coasters in Pennsylvania
Roller coasters introduced in 1946
1946 establishments in Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet%20%28Hersheypark%29 |
G. B. Hodge Center is an 878-seat multi-purpose arena in Spartanburg, South Carolina. It is home to the USC Upstate Spartans' basketball and volleyball teams. It was opened in 1973 and is named for one of the university's founders.
In terms of seating capacity, the G. B. Hodge Center is the smallest arena in Division I men's basketball.
History
The G. B. Hodge Center hosted its first-ever top-25 ranked opponent when it welcomed the No. 25-ranked Furman Paladins on December 8, 2018. The matchup between the Spartans and the Paladins was also the first time that USC Upstate had hosted a top-25 opponent since becoming an NCAA Division I program during the 2007–08 season. With 353 teams currently competing in NCAA Division I men's basketball, it also marked the first time that the division's smallest arena had hosted a ranked opponent. Although leading 34–30 at halftime, the Spartans ultimately fell to the Paladins, 74–60.
Renovations
In October 2009, it was announced that the G. B. Hodge Center would undergo a large renovation thanks to the $4 million donation from alumnus Dolores Anderson. Anderson is a longtime fan of the University of South Carolina Upstate basketball team, particularly the men's team. She is the former co owner of Anderson Hardwood Company. This gift is the largest donation to the university athletic department and second largest ever to the university. Plans for the new arena include brand new floors, lighting, scoreboards, locker rooms, and seating. The university believes that the new renovation will help move into a second renovation later that would create a new entrance and new athletic department offices.
The newly renovated facility was dedicated on December 5, 2010, against East Tennessee State.
See also
List of NCAA Division I basketball arenas
References
External links
G.B. Hodge Center - UpstateSpartans.com
College basketball venues in the United States
Indoor arenas in South Carolina
Sports venues in South Carolina
USC Upstate Spartans basketball
Sports venues in Spartanburg County, South Carolina
Buildings and structures in Spartanburg, South Carolina
1973 establishments in South Carolina
Sports venues completed in 1973
Basketball venues in South Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.%20B.%20Hodge%20Center |
Michael Marcantel is a former animation director on The Simpsons. He graduated from the California Institute of the Arts, where he studied in the Experimental Animation program under Jules Engel.
Simpsons episodes
He has directed the following episodes:
Season Eleven
"Bart to the Future"
Season Twelve
"Day of the Jackanapes"
Season Thirteen
"Weekend at Burnsie's"
Season Fourteen
"A Star Is Born Again"
Season Sixteen
"Thank God It's Doomsday"
Season Seventeen
"Bart Has Two Mommies"
Season Eighteen
"The Mook, the Chef, the Wife and Her Homer"
External links
Living people
American animators
California Institute of the Arts alumni
American animated film directors
American television directors
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Marcantel |
Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both affecting people whose work hours overlap with the typical sleep period. Insomnia can be the difficulty to fall asleep or to wake up before the individual has slept enough. About 20% of the working population participates in shift work. SWSD commonly goes undiagnosed, so it's estimated that 10–40% of shift workers have SWSD. The excessive sleepiness appears when the individual has to be productive, awake and alert. Both symptoms are predominant in SWSD. There are numerous shift work schedules, and they may be permanent, intermittent, or rotating; consequently, the manifestations of SWSD are quite variable. Most people with different schedules than the ordinary one (from 8 AM to 6 PM) might have these symptoms but the difference is that SWSD is continual, long-term, and starts to interfere with the individual's life.
Health effects
There have been many studies suggesting health risks associated with shift work. Many studies have associated sleep disorders with decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and risk for fracture. Researchers have found that those who work long-term in night positions, like nurses, are at a great risk for wrist and hip fractures (RR=1.37). Low fertility and issues during pregnancy are increased in shift workers. Obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, elevated body fat levels and dyslipidemias were shown to be much higher in those who work night shift. SWSD can increase the risk of mental disorders. Specifically, depression, anxiety, and alcohol use disorder is increased in shift workers. Because the circadian system regulates the rate of chemical substances in the body, when it is impaired, several consequences are possible. Acute sleep loss has been shown to increase the levels of t-tau in blood plasma, which may explain the neurocognitive effects of sleep loss.
Sleep quality
Sleep loss and decreased quality of sleep is another effect of shift work. To promote a healthy lifestyle, the American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommended that an adult have 7 or more hours of sleep per day. Each year, there are almost 100,000 deaths estimated in the U.S. because of medical errors. Sleep deprivation and sleep disorders are factors that contribute significantly to these errors. In the same article, the authors affirm that there is a high prevalence of sleepiness and symptoms of sleep disorders related to the circadian system in medical center nurses. In a study done with around 1100 nurses, almost half of them (49%) reported sleeping less than 7 hours per day, a significant increase compared to national figures, in which 28% of people claimed to sleep less than 7 hours per night. Having a lack of sleep can impact cognitive performance. For example, it might become difficult to stay focused and concentrate, and reaction times might also be slowed down. SWSD might interfere with making decisions quickly, driving, or flying safely. Sleep loss seen in shift workers greatly impairs cognitive performance, being awake for 24 hrs. straight results in a cognitive performance that is equal to a blood-alcohol of 0.10, which is over the legal limit in most states. All of these factors can affect work efficiency and cause accidents. Michael Lee et al. demonstrated that those working night shifts had a significantly higher risk of hazardous driving events when compared to those on a typical day shift schedule. Accidents in the workplace have been found to be 60% higher in shift workers. They can affect the individual's social life and cause a lack of well-being and happiness. Poor sleep quality has also been associated with decreased quality of life, based on a SF-36 assessment.
Sleep and alertness
Although SWD affects many shift workers, its manifestation is still unclear within the general shift-working population. A field study investigating the nature of SWD in an experimental (with SWD) and control (non-SWD) group of Finnish shift workers revealed decreased total sleep time (TST) and increased sleep deficit before morning shifts. Furthermore, the SWD group also exhibited decreased objective sleep efficiency, decrease in sleep compensation over the free days, increased sleep latency, and finally poorer sleep quality was recorded in the SWD group compared to the non-SWD group. Moreover, shift workers with SWD scored significantly higher on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) when assessed at the beginning and the end of morning shifts and at the end of night shifts, while having more attentional lapses at the beginning of night shifts.
Many studies have shown evidence of how partial and total sleep deprivation affects work productivity, absenteeism, fatal workplace accidents, and more. In a study by Akkerstedt et al., those who had a hard time sleeping in the past two weeks were at a greater risk for having a fatal workplace accident (RR=1.89, 95% CI 1.22–2.94). Other sleep disorders, like OSA which are risk factors for SWSD, have also been associated with low productivity, absenteeism, and accidents. At a cognitive level, sleep deprivation has been shown to cause decreased attentiveness, increased micro-sleeps, delayed psychomotor response, performance deterioration, neglect of activities, decline in working memory, and more.
Immune functioning
Partial and total sleep deprivation has been linked to an increase of pro-inflammatory markers, such as IL-6, and a decrease in anti-inflammatory markers, such as IL-10, that plays a role in tumor suppression. Chronic shift work has been associated with decreased immune function in nurses. In a study by Naigi, et al., over the course of a shift, nurses exhibited decreasing levels of Natural Killer cells, an innate immune response that plays a role in infectious disease and tumor suppression. Other researchers have found that less sleep at night increased the risk of developing the common cold. A supporting study by Moher et al. showed that shift workers were more likely to develop infectious diseases after exposure compared to daytime workers. A poorly functioning immune system may leave workers vulnerable for developing occupational illnesses. Sleep loss is also associated with an increase in TNF, a marker of systemic immune functioning.
Cardiovascular disease
Decreased sleep quality and duration have also been associated with other chronic illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease. Many studies have shown that prolonged sleeplessness and sleep disorders, such as OSA, increases systemic levels of CRP, a marker of cardiovascular disease. Many studies have shown that lack of sleep causes blood pressure to increase from the prolonged stimulation of the nervous system. The increase of inflammatory markers, like IL-6, up-regulate the production of CRP.
SWSD in firefighters
SWSD can affect many occupations, but firefighters are at a greater risk because of their extended (24hr) shift and frequent sleep interruptions due to emergencies. Many firefighters have sleep disorders as a result of their extended shift and frequently disrupted sleep. In a study on firefighters by Barger, et al., over a third of study participants screened positive for a sleep disorder, but most had not received a previous medical diagnosis for any sleep disorders. Those with sleep disorders were also at a higher risk for being in a motor vehicle crash (OR=2.0 95% CI 1.29–3.12, p=0.0021), near crash (OR=2.49 95% CI 2.13–2.91, p < 0.0001), and nodding off while driving (OR=2.41 95% CI 2.06–2.82, p < 0.0001).
Symptoms
Excessive sleepiness
Difficulty sleeping
Difficulty concentrating
Headaches
Lack of energy
Cause and prevalence
Insomnia and wake-time sleepiness are related to misalignment between the timing of a non-standard wake–sleep schedule and the endogenous circadian propensity for sleep and wake. In addition to circadian misalignment, attempted sleep at unusual times can be interrupted by noise, social obligations, and other factors. There is an inevitable degree of sleep deprivation associated with sudden transitions in sleep schedule.
The prevalence of SWSD is unclear because it is not often formally diagnosed and its definitions vary in scientific literature. However, SWSD is estimated to affect 2–10% of general population and about 27% of night and rotating workers. The use of the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) criteria has decreased the prevalence estimates of SWSD compared to the old ICSD-2 criteria after 2014.
There are various risk factors, including age. Although SWSD can appear at any age, the highest prevalence is in the 50 years old and above age bracket and even more so in cases of irregular schedules. Gender is also a factor. It may be that female night workers sleep less than their male counterparts. A possible explanation is the social obligations that can increase their vulnerability to SWSD. Female night workers also seem to be more sleepy at work.
Some people are more affected by shift work and sleeplessness than others, and some will be impaired on some tasks while others will always perform well on the same tasks. Some people have a morning preference but others not. Genetic predisposition is an important predictor of which people are vulnerable to SWSD.
Medical Field
Cognitive Impact
Shift work sleep disorder affects many individuals, especially those within the medical field. Research done by The Journal Of Sleep Research examine the difference in cognitive function using sleep-deprived and well-rested nurses using autobiographical memory skills. The participants underwent the autobiographical memory test, as well as anxiety and depression inventories. The researchers found that a sleep-deprived group of individuals scored significantly higher in the depression score and remembered more negative than positive memories. The sleep-deprived group also scored significantly lower than the well-rested group in autobiographical memory and specific memories. This study is similar to the one done by the National Center for Biotechnology Information, which found that their hypothesis of sleep deprivation and the cognitive impact it has on nurses was strongly supported in 69% of shift workers. The impairment in cognitive performance, such as general intellect, reaction time, and memory, was statistically significant among the staff nurses due to poor sleep quality and decreased alertness while awake.
Patient Care
Shift work sleep disorder affects patient care within all aspects of the medical field. Research published in European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences analyzed the correlation between the clinical risk management and the occurrence of medication errors and the effects of the shift work on inpatient nurses. The researchers reviewed 19 out of 217 research articles and focused on the impact of workload, shifts and sleep deprivation on the probability of making medication errors. They found that the main reason behind medication errors are stress, fatigue, increased workload, night shifts, nurse staffing ratio and workflow interruptions.
Mechanism
Brain arousal is stimulated by the circadian system during the day and sleep is usually stimulated at night. The rhythms are maintained in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), located in the anterior hypothalamus in the brain, and synchronized with the day/night cycle. Gene-transcription feedback loops in individual SCN cells form the molecular basis of biological timekeeping. Circadian phase shifts are dependent on the schedule of light exposure, the intensity, and previous exposure to light. Variations in exposure can advance or delay these rhythms. For example, the rhythms can be delayed due to light exposure at night.
Photoreceptors located in the retina of the eye send information about environmental light through the retinohypothalamic tract to the SCN. The SCN regulates the pineal gland, which secretes the hormone melatonin. Typically, the secretion of melatonin begins two hours before bedtime and ends two hours prior to waking up. A decline in neuronal firing in the SCN is caused by the binding of melatonin to the MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. It is believed that the reduction in firing in the SCN stimulates sleep. While day-active individuals produce melatonin at night, night shift workers' production of melatonin is suppressed at night due to light exposure.
Circadian misalignment
Circadian misalignment plays a major role in shift work sleep disorder. Circadian misalignment occurs when there is no complete adaptation to a night shift schedule. The hormones cortisol and melatonin are an important part of the circadian rhythm. In circadian misalignment, cortisol and melatonin lack entrainment to a night oriented schedule and stay on a daytime schedule. Melatonin continues to peak at night during a shift workers awake time and decreases during a shift workers sleep time. Cortisol levels are lower during a shift workers awake time and remain higher during shift workers sleep time.
Diagnosis
The primary symptoms of shift work sleep disorder are insomnia and excessive sleepiness associated with working (and sleeping) at non-standard times. Shift work sleep disorder is also associated with falling asleep at work. Total daily sleep time is usually shortened and sleep quality is less in those who work night shifts compared to those who work day shifts. Sleepiness is manifested as a desire to nap, unintended dozing, impaired mental acuity, irritability, reduced performance, and accident proneness. Shift work is often combined with extended hours of duty, so fatigue can be a compounding factor. The symptoms coincide with the duration of shift work and usually remit with the adoption of a conventional sleep-wake schedule. The boundary between a "normal response" to the rigors of shift work and a diagnosable disorder is not sharp.
There are criteria of SWSD in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10), in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), and in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) – Second and Third Editions. The diagnosis requires the following assumptions :
There is an insomnia or/and an excessive sleepiness with a reduction of total sleep time, all combined with an overlap of work period occurring during the habitual sleep time.
The presence of these symptoms has lasted for at least 3 months and are associated with the shift work schedules.
Sleep log and/or actigraphy monitoring (with sleep diaries) demonstrate for more than 14 days (work and free days included) circadian and sleep-time misalignment.
Sleep disturbance is associated with impairment of social, occupational, and/or other waking functioning.
These symptoms are not better explained by another sleep disorder, medical or neurologic disorder, mental disorder, medication use, poor sleep hygiene, or substance use disorder.
Assessments
There are different tools to assess shift work disorder. Patients can keep a diary. Some questionnaires could be useful as the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Actigraphy and polysomnography could indicate some interesting patterns. Further studies are needed to see if some phase markers as the body temperature rhythm or the melatonin rhythm are efficient to assess shift work disorder. Decreased sleep quality may be assessed using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PQSI).
Treatment
Prescribed sleep/wake scheduling
Experts agree that there is no such thing as an "ideal" night work schedule, but some schedules may be better than others. For example, rotating shifts every two weeks in a forward (delaying) direction was found to be easier than rotation in a backward (advancing) direction. Gradual delays ("nudging" the circadian system about an hour per day) has been shown in a laboratory setting to maintain synchrony between sleep and the endogenous circadian rhythms, but this schedule is impractical for most real world settings. Some experts have advocated short runs (1 to 2 days) of night work with time for recovery; however, in the traditional heavy industries, longer (5 to 7 day) runs remain the rule. In the end, scheduling decisions usually involve maximizing leisure time, fairness in labor relations, etc. rather than chronobiological considerations. Shift workers can benefit from adhering to sleep hygiene practices related to sleep/wake scheduling. Symptoms typically only fully resolve once a normal sleep schedule is resumed.
Many night workers take naps during their breaks, and in some industries, planned napping at work (with facilities provided) is beginning to be accepted. A nap before starting a night shift is a logical prophylactic measure. However, naps that are too long (over 30 minutes) may generate sleep inertia, a groggy feeling after awakening that can impair performance. Therefore, brief naps (10 to 30 minutes) are preferred to longer naps (over 30 minutes). Also, long naps may interfere with the main sleep period.
In the transportation industry, safety is a major concern, and mandated hours of service rules attempt to enforce rest times.
Bright light treatment
The light-dark cycle is the most important environmental time cue for entraining circadian rhythms of most species, including humans, and bright artificial light exposure has been developed as a method to improve circadian adaptation in night workers. The timing of bright light exposure is critical for its phase shifting effects. To maximize a delay of the body clock, bright light exposure should occur in the evening or first part of the night, and bright light should be avoided in the morning. Wearing dark goggles (avoiding bright light) or blue-blocking goggles during the morning commute home from work can improve circadian adaptation. For workers who want to use bright light therapy, appropriate fixtures of the type used to treat winter depression are readily available but patients need to be educated regarding their appropriate use, especially the issue of timing. Bright light treatment is not recommended for patients with light sensitivity or ocular disease.
Melatonin treatment
Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland in darkness, normally at night. Its production is suppressed by light exposure, principally blue light around 460 to 480 nm. Light restriction, or dark therapy, in the hours before bedtime allows its production. Dark therapy does not require total darkness. Amber or orange colored goggles eliminate blue light to the eyes while allowing vision.
Melatonin is also available as an oral supplement. In the US and Canada, the hormone melatonin is not classified as a drug; it is sold as a dietary supplement. In other countries, it requires a prescription or is unavailable. Although it is not licensed by the FDA as a treatment for any disorder, there have been no serious side effects or complications reported to date.
Melatonin has been shown to accelerate the adaptation of the circadian system to a nighttime work schedule. Melatonin may benefit daytime sleep in night workers by an additional direct sleep promoting mechanism. Melatonin treatment may increase sleep length during both daytime and nighttime sleep in night shift workers.
Medications that promote alertness
Caffeine is the most widely used alerting drug in the world and has been shown to improve alertness in simulated night work. Caffeine and naps before a night shift reduces sleepiness during the shift. Night shift medical field workers report the highest activity, along with the least amount of sleep. These individuals require medication/power naps to function at their best. Modafinil and armodafinil are non-amphetamine alerting drugs originally developed for the treatment of narcolepsy that have been approved by the FDA (the US Food and Drug Administration) for excessive sleepiness associated with SWSD.
Medications that promote daytime sleep
Obtaining enough sleep during the day is a major problem for many night workers. Hypnotics given in the morning can lengthen daytime sleep; however, some studies have shown that nighttime sleepiness may be unaffected. Zopiclone has been shown to be ineffective in increasing sleep in shift workers.
See also
Shift work
Jet lag
Human factors
Human reliability
References
External links
Working conditions
Circadian rhythm
Sleep disorders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift%20work%20sleep%20disorder |
is a Linux-specific system call that moves data between a file descriptor and a pipe without a round trip to user space. The related system call moves or copies data between a pipe and user space. Ideally, splice and vmsplice work by remapping pages and do not actually copy any data, which may improve I/O performance. As linear addresses do not necessarily correspond to contiguous physical addresses, this may not be possible in all cases and on all hardware combinations.
Workings
With , one can move data from one file descriptor to another without incurring any copies from user space into kernel space, which is usually required to enforce system security and also to keep a simple interface for processes to read and write to files. works by using the pipe buffer. A pipe buffer is an in-kernel memory buffer that is opaque to the user space process. A user process can splice the contents of a source file into this pipe buffer, then splice the pipe buffer into the destination file, all without moving any data through userspace.
Linus Torvalds described in a 2006 email, which was included in a KernelTrap article.
Origins
The Linux splice implementation borrows some ideas from an original proposal by Larry McVoy in 1998. The splice system calls first appeared in Linux kernel version 2.6.17 and were written by Jens Axboe.
Prototype
ssize_t splice(int fd_in, loff_t *off_in, int fd_out, loff_t *off_out, size_t len, unsigned int flags);
Some constants that are of interest are:
/* Splice flags (not laid down in stone yet). */
#ifndef SPLICE_F_MOVE
#define SPLICE_F_MOVE 0x01
#endif
#ifndef SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK
#define SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK 0x02
#endif
#ifndef SPLICE_F_MORE
#define SPLICE_F_MORE 0x04
#endif
#ifndef SPLICE_F_GIFT
#define SPLICE_F_GIFT 0x08
#endif
Example
This is an example of splice in action:
/* Transfer from disk to a log. */
int log_blocks (struct log_handle * handle, int fd, loff_t offset, size_t size)
{
int filedes [2];
int ret;
size_t to_write = size;
ret = pipe (filedes);
if (ret < 0)
goto out;
/* splice the file into the pipe (data in kernel memory). */
while (to_write > 0) {
ret = splice (fd, &offset, filedes [1], NULL, to_write,
SPLICE_F_MORE | SPLICE_F_MOVE);
if (ret < 0)
goto pipe;
else
to_write -= ret;
}
to_write = size;
/* splice the data in the pipe (in kernel memory) into the file. */
while (to_write > 0) {
ret = splice (filedes [0], NULL, handle->fd,
&(handle->fd_offset), to_write,
SPLICE_F_MORE | SPLICE_F_MOVE);
if (ret < 0)
goto pipe;
else
to_write -= ret;
}
pipe:
close (filedes [0]);
close (filedes [1]);
out:
if (ret < 0)
return -errno;
return 0;
}
Complementary system calls
is one of three system calls that complete the architecture. can map an application data area into a pipe (or vice versa), thus allowing transfers between pipes and user memory where transfers between a file descriptor and a pipe. is the last part of the trilogy. It duplicates one pipe to another, enabling forks in the way applications are connected with pipes.
Requirements
When using with sockets, the network controller (NIC) should support DMA, otherwise splice() will not deliver a large performance improvement. The reason for this is that each page of the pipe will just fill up to frame size (1460 bytes of the available 4096 bytes per page).
Not all filesystem types support . Also, sockets do not support .
See also
System call
Zero-copy
References
External links
Linux kernel 2.6.17 (kernelnewbies.org)
Two new system calls: splice() and sync_file_range() (LWN.net)
Some new system calls (LWN.net)
Linux kernel features
System calls | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splice%20%28system%20call%29 |
Somport or Col du Somport, known also as the Aspe Pass or Canfranc Pass, (el. 1632 m.) is a mountain pass in the central Pyrenees on the border of France and Spain. Its name is derived from the Latin Summus portus. It was one of the most popular routes for soldiers, merchants, and pilgrims to the tomb of St. James following the route from Arles to cross the Pyrenees. They travelled from Oloron-Sainte-Marie, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France, via Somport to Aragon, Spain.
Military history
There is recorded evidence of both the Vandals and the Visigothic invaders having used the relatively easy entrance to Spain from France in the fifth century. The Roman road constructed here, known as the Via Tolosana, was also used by Muslim invaders in the eighth century in their attempt to conquer France.
The pass was fortified in the 16th century by the Habsburgs in fear of French invasion, which however would not occur until the Peninsular War and the arrival of Napoleon's general Louis Gabriel Suchet in 1808. He was later followed by Colonel Leonard Morin who records in his Memoirs of the 5th Regiment (1812–13) both the danger of the pass and the horrible existence of the population of Canfranc. The French would leave by the same road after their defeat by General Francisco Espoz y Mina in 1814.
The Fort du Portalet is a fort in the Aspe valley north of the present Spain-France border which guards access to the Col du Somport. It was built by order of Louis Philippe I to guard the border of the Pyrenees. Installed against a cliff overlooking the Gave d'Aspe, it faces the path of Masts. It was begun in 1842 and finished in 1870, replacing an earlier structure a further north. During WWII Léon Blum, Édouard Daladier, Paul Reynaud, Georges Mandel and Maurice Gamelin were interned under the Vichy regime. After the war Philippe Pétain was imprisoned in the fort from 15 August to 16 November 1945.
Pilgrimage history
This was arguably the most popular Pyrenaic pass for pilgrims on the Way of St. James until the pacification of Navarran and Basque bandits in the 12th century made the relatively easier Roncesvalles road safer for pilgrims. There is little of interest at the pass, except for the modern Ermita del Pilar (1992) and of course the natural beauty of the mountains. From this point to Santiago de Compostela it is approximately 840 km.
Modern history
The Pau–Canfranc railway linking Canfranc, Spain with Pau, France opened to traffic in 1928, connected via the Somport Railway Tunnel which was completed in 1915, and terminating in Spain at the Canfranc International Railway Station. The railway line was closed due to a freight-train accident on 27 March 1970.
The long Somport Road Tunnel was opened on 7 February 2003, at a cost of €160 million to Spain and €91.5 million for France. The building of the road tunnel was controversial, particularly in France, with those opposing it claiming that it would effectively destroy the natural beauty of the Aspe Valley (Vallée d'Aspe), preferring full reopening of the Pau-Canfranc rail line. A group of protesters permanently squatted at the abandoned railway station near Cette-Eygun, at the foot of the pass on the French side. Among them was the charismatic Eric Pététin, who had waged a protracted legal campaign against the authorities, causing delay in the tunnel's construction.
By 1998 protesters were resorting to non-violent direct action, when construction was well under way. Their mascot was the rare Pyrenean Brown Bear, allegedly still to be found in the valley, but close to extinction, and alleged further threatened by the tunnel project. The last protesters were finally evicted in October 2005, some 20 years after campaigning against the tunnel had begun.
On 3 June 2003 French deputy Jean Lassalle interrupted the French National Assembly by singing the "love song" Se Canto, protesting against Minister of the Interior Nicolas Sarkozy's announcement of the moving of 23 gendarmes guarding the Somport Road Tunnel to the town of Oloron-Sainte-Marie from neighbouring Urdos, where Sarkozy commented that their wives had probably been "bored". Lassalle viewed this as offensive to the residents of Urdos.
Sports
There is a cross-country ski trail that goes 35 km around the pass, shared by Spain and France. Part of the route belongs to the Spanish ski resort of Candanchú.
See also
List of highest paved roads in Europe
List of mountain passes
References
Mountain passes of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Mountain passes of Aragon
Mountain passes of the Pyrenees
Landforms of Pyrénées-Atlantiques
France–Spain border crossings
Transport in Nouvelle-Aquitaine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somport |
Potomac Associates is an American consortium of four independent non-partisan consulting firms engaged in research and policy consulting on substantive economic and legal issues in international trade, foreign investment, and economic development. They also work to further trade capacity building in developing countries, especially in the areas of trade policy analysis and economic modeling.
The four entities are:
ADR International Ltd.
James L. Kenworthy, Esq.
Larson Global Consulting
VORSIM.
They were on the master list of Nixon political opponents because of polling and public opinion work they did.
References
Consortia in the United States
Consulting firms of the United States
Watergate scandal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potomac%20Associates |
The Riddle House is an old Edwardian house located in Palm Beach County, Florida. The house was built in West Palm Beach, Florida in 1905 by some of Henry Flagler's hotel construction workers. Originally known as "Gatekeeper's Cottage", the house was home to the groundskeeper of Woodlawn Cemetery. By 1920, the house became privately owned by Karl Riddle, a city manager and superintendent of West Palm Beach. He is the namesake of the house. The house was eventually dismantled and moved to Yesteryear Village in 1995, a historical park within the South Florida Fairgrounds. The building was featured in an episode of Ghost Adventures in 2008.
History
Constructors of Henry Flagler's hotels began building the Riddle House on July 1, 1905, using leftover wood. Originally located at 327 Acacia Street in West Palm Beach, the house was nicknamed "the painted lady", because of its bright colors. However, the dwelling would officially be known as "Gatekeeper's Cottage" early on because it served as the residence of the keeper of Woodlawn Cemetery, located just across Dixie Highway. The house also originally served as a funeral parlor. In 1914, Gatekeeper's Cottage became "City House" after being purchased by the West Palm Beach city government.
It was acquired by Karl Riddle in 1920, who is the namesake of the house. Riddle was the first city manager and superintendent of public works of West Palm Beach. After being recalled in 1923 by a margin of five votes, Riddle moved out of the house, which then became a temporary residence for new city employees. Riddle and his twin brother Kenyon later built houses on a property just outside the city in 1935. This area would later become incorporated as Cloud Lake in 1951 after a vote by residents. In 1972, artist Mary Ann Hayes acquired the house at an auction for just over $21,000 and converted it into an art school, the Flagler Arts Center. Palm Beach Atlantic College (PBA; now Palm Beach Atlantic University) then purchased the Riddle House in the early 1980s and used the residence as a dormitory for several years. Later, the house was scheduled for demolition due to expansion of the college.
However, PBA instead decided to donate the building to the Yesteryear Village committee South Florida Fair board of directors. John Riddle, nephew of Karl Riddle, then served as chairman of the committee. After professionals estimated that relocation of the house would cost about $50,000, John Riddle instead recruited 60 volunteers. Between August 12 and August 13, 1995, the Riddle House was dismantled and moved to the Yesteryear Village. The roof and attic were split in two, as were the first and second floors. Finally, the building was reassembled after reaching Yesteryear Village. Through a $450,000 state historical grant, the Riddle House was also restored to its 1920s appearance.
Haunting legend
The house was also featured in 2008 on the ghost-hunting paranormal television series Ghost Adventures on the Travel Channel.
See also
List of reportedly haunted locations in the United States
References
External links
Yesteryear Village webpage
Houses in Palm Beach County, Florida
Reportedly haunted locations in Florida
1905 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riddle%20House |
Nicholas Gregory Reid (born November 18, 1983) is a former American football linebacker who played college football for the Kansas Jayhawks. He signed a free agent contract with the Kansas City Chiefs on May 2, 2006. In February 2007, Reid was re-signed by the Chiefs to a two-year contract. Later that month Reid was assigned by the Chiefs to the Frankfurt Galaxy of NFL Europa.
High school career
Reid was born on November 18, 1983 in Wichita, Kansas. He attended Derby High School. In high school, Reid started at quarterback and defensive back for the Panthers. He was ranked as the top quarterback prospect in Kansas by MoKan Football.com and Scout.com. He was also named to the Coaches Association, Wichita Eagle, Topeka Capital-Journal, and Kansas City Star Class 6A 1st Team All-state team following his senior year. Reid set a school record for career total offense with 4,171 yards. He was credited with 16 career touchdown passes. He also rushed for 13 touchdowns. A three-year starter at quarterback, he averaged 10.4 yards per carry and 21.6 yards per passing attempt as a senior. Following his senior season, Reid was selected to play in the Shrine Bowl All-Star game. He helped his team to an 8-1 record and district runner-up finish in 2001. He missed three games due to a sprained knee. He was a 1st Team All-league selection and honorable mention all-state choice as a junior. Reid rushed for 637 yards and passed for 1,111 yards as a junior. He started on the varsity as a sophomore and helped Derby to a No. 1 ranking in the state and a 9-1 season record. Reid helped guide Derby to a combined 25-3 record his three seasons as a starter. He was coached in football by Tom Young. Additionally, he was named the Derby High School 2002 Male Athlete of the Year and was one of three finalists selected by the media for the Greater Wichita Sports Commission Barry Sanders High School Male Athlete of the Year. Also, he was a four-year starter and All-League performer in basketball and the Panthers leading scorer and rebounder. Reid was an all-league and state performer in track while competing in high hurdles and with high jumps reaching 6'7".
Collegiate career
He attended the University of Kansas and was a highly-decorated linebacker for the Kansas Jayhawks playing in 48 games (40 starts) for the Jayhawks. As a freshman, he received Big 12 All-Freshman Team honors by Sporting News. As a sophomore in 2003, he recorded a team-best 133 tackles (93 solo) & was named Honorable Mention All-Big 12. As a junior in 2004, he led the team in tackles and earned First-team All-Big 12 honors. Reid finished his college career with 416 tackles (254 solo), 41.0 tackles for loss (-154.0 yards), 14.0 sacks (-85.0 yards), three interceptions, fourteen passes defensed, six forced fumbles and one fumble recovery. His 416 career tackles put him second in school records behind LB Willie Pless. He was named Big 12 Defensive Player of the Year, was a member of the First-team All-Big 12 selection as well as a Third-team College Football All-American selection as a senior in 2005.
Professional career
Reid played for the Frankfurt Galaxy of NFL Europa. Reid was named NFL Europa’s defensive player of the week May 30, after turning in a phenomenal performance for the Galaxy in their 23-10 victory over the Rhein Fire. Reid was allocated by the Kansas City Chiefs to Frankfurt, after he signed a two-year contract in February. Reid played linebacker and special teams for the Galaxy and had a total of 55 tackles (52 solo), three sacks, one interception, one forced fumble, three passes defensed, and six special teams stops during the 2006 season. Reid was cut by the Chiefs at the end of training camp as one of the Chiefs' final roster moves for the 2007 season.
Personal life
Reid is the Defensive Coordinator at Joplin High School in Joplin, Missouri and also the Head Track Coach.
References
1983 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Kansas Jayhawks football players
University of Kansas alumni
Kansas City Chiefs players
Frankfurt Galaxy players
Players of American football from Wichita, Kansas
People from Derby, Kansas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Reid |
The Baekjeong () were an untouchable caste in Korea, originating from some minority, nomadic groups of disputed ethnicity. In the early part of the Goryeo period (918–1392), these minorities were largely settled in fixed communities. However, the Mongol invasion left Korea in disarray and anomie and these groups became nomadic. Subgroups of the baekjeong included the ( "entertainers") and the () or (), who were primarily butchers. The baekjeong occupied specific professions like butchery, tanning, basket weaving and performing executions. During the Goryeo period, "baekjeong" was used as a neutral term to refer to the common people. From the time of the Joseon dynasty, it became an insulting title used to refer to the lowest class of society. In addition, since the Joseon dynasty, "baekjeong" has been also used to denigrate a person. In contemporary South Korea, the term is mainly associated with the meaning of a butcher and even used in the restaurants' names.
Origin
According to Jeong Yakyong, one of the most distinguished scholars on the methodology of historical researches in the reign of King Jeongjo (1777-1800) and King Sunjo (1801-1834), one theory holds that they were of "Tatar" origin. The term "Tartar" seems to have been a general term for all northern peoples, Mongols, Manchurians, and so on. In his book, the origin of the baekjeong is attributed to a nomadic group from the Goryeo period known as the Yangsucheok (Hanja: 楊水尺) or Mujari (Korean: 무자리). Being an alien people, the Yangsuchuk were hardly assimilated into the general population. They were engaged in the making and selling of willow baskets. They were also proficient in slaughtering animals and had a liking for hunting.
History
In the Goryeo period
From the Goryeo Dynasty (918~1392) until the time of King Sejong of the Joseon Dynasty, was not used to refer to the lowest class of people. The Sino-Korean term () originally meant "common people", a meaning which it retains in Chinese and Japanese. Based on information in the , the chief surviving history of Goryeo Korea, scholars assume that a baekjeong is "a person who has no burden of duties (역, 役)". The term is a compound of (Korean: , Hanja: ), which means "white/innocent/blank", and (Korean: , Hanja: ) "person, man". As such, baekjeong or "blank man" connotes a group of peasants who have not been granted land because they have not received certain duties from the state.
In the Goryeo period, terms for the group which would later be known as baekjeong were (hanja: ), (hanja: ), or (hanja: ), and (Korean: , probably a compound of "water" and "seat, place"). They descended from the Jurchen or Khitans dating back to the beginning of Goryeo. They enjoyed group life among themselves so they continued to live in temporary residences while moving to various areas. They were distributed nationwide, but were especially concentrated in the provinces of Pyeongan-do and Hwanghae-do. They were not registered in the national register.
In the Joseon period
In the early days of the founding of the Joseon Dynasty, King Sejong consolidated the various outcaste groups with ordinary farmers. This combined group was called "baekjeong", the name of the general peasant group in the Goryeo period. King Sejong also put them on the family register, gave them lands to plant, settled them into fixed communities, and tried to keep them under state control. However, the common policies of King Sejong could not overcome the prejudices of the ordinary people, who continued to discriminate against the descendants of outcastes. Even government officials did not follow the instructions of the king.
Moreover, it seems that the baekjeong did not change their existing lifestyle or occupation easily. They settled in one area but did not try to farm, instead engaging in the production and sale of wicker products, slaughtering, singing and dancing. In this situation, integration of the baekjeong into the ordinary peasantry was not easy and the practice of discrimination and suppression against them continued. In particular, the mainstream group regarded the life and customs of the butchers as despicable, antisocial, non-normative, and even potentially criminal.
End of the Joseon Dynasty
Near the end of the Joseon Dynasty, a mutual aid organization for the baekjeong was established, called Seungdongdoga (Korean: 승동도가, hanja: 承洞都家), with representatives from various communities. The organization was involved in taking action, coordinating improvements, and acting at times as the official representative of the baekjeong in legal matters. In 1894, the Korean caste system was legally abolished by the Gabo reform. However, social discrimination against the baekjeong did not come to an end. The family register of baekjeong was still separate and, under "occupation", their names were marked by the use of the word 屠漢 ("butcher") or a red dot. Nonetheless, the Gabo reform ensured that baekjeong could become officials, scholars, or artists if they had the ability. Although they were still largely limited to their traditional occupations, modified regulations in 1896 allowed non-baekjeong to become licensed butchers, eventually leading to meat businesses which have pushed many out of one of the few occupations open to them.
However, while improvements to the social status of the baekjeong came slowly, it was different for the commoners (the lower of the yangmin), who had economically been little different from slaves. Respect for government officials plunged in the 17th century as they fled from the invading Japanese and Manchurians, leaving the civilians at their mercy. The government also awarded many militiamen yangban class status in exchange for their voluntary militia activities against these invaders. In time, with the rise of commerce, merchants bought forged family histories and official status documents as well. Eventually, around three fourths of the population were yangban in name.
Modern use
The term "baekjeong" is still used in modern Korean society. This is particularly common in occupations dealing with raw meat, which carry a negative social stigma. In spite of this, "baekjeong" is widely used in Korean restaurant names, denoting barbecue establishments where raw marinated meat is served and cooked at the table. In this context, baekjeong is descriptive and carries no negative connotation.
Jobs
Executioner
Throughout much of the Joseon Dynasty, they were also forced to serve as executioners. When the baekjeong community were called upon to supply an executioner, the job was assigned to some hapless member, sometimes practically an insane person.
Butcher
The baekjeong did jobs that no self-respecting Buddhist Korean would touch, including anything working with animals. Slaughtering animals, leather making--these kinds of unclean duties were avoided by other Koreans, and so were filled de facto by baekjeong. In other words, the group was assigned to the most demeaning tasks in Korean society. They were also considered in moral violation of Buddhist principles, which led Koreans to see work involving meat as polluting and sinful, even if they saw the consumption as acceptable. By the latter part of the Joseon Dynasty, baekjeong accepted the principles of Confucianism and did not slaughter for three years when their parents died.
Discrimination
The group had long suffered severe social discrimination in Korean society. The baekjeong were seen as contemptible and polluted people that others feared and avoided meeting. Baekjeong could not live in a roof-tiled house and were not allowed to wear silk clothes or leather shoes or a gat (a traditional Korean horsehair hat). When baekjeong went outside their houses, they had to wear a paeraengi or bamboo hat. A baekjeong had to lower himself in front of a yangin and was forbidden to smoke or drink in their presence. Baekjeong could not ride a litter or horse when they married and a married woman could not wear a hair stick. Baekjeong were not allowed surnames and were forbidden the use of certain characters in their personal names, such as 仁 "benevolence", 義 "righteousness", 禮 "rites", or 智 "wisdom". The extent to which they were seen as impure people is well-illustrated in the fact that their bodies were kept in separate graveyards so as not to mingle with those of the yangmin.
Influence of religion
Donghak and Christianity had a lot of influence on the baekjeong. These belief systems exposed the Baekjeong--and Koreans more generally--to concepts of egalitarianism and social equality. The influence of these religions became linked to the social movement.
Donghak
Towards the end of the 19th century, there was an increasing impetus towards human dignity and liberalization. Of particular importance was the growth of certain religions supportive of change. Donghak, a Korean nationalist religion, wished to end unfair conventions. Donghak peasants had staged an uprising in 1894 in favor of human rights, especially for those low on the social ladder. Among other things, they demanded that the baekjeong no longer be forced to wear discriminatory hats and widows be allowed to remarry. Although this uprising was ultimately unsuccessful, it was an important impetus behind the Gabo Reform, and helped to abolish the class structure that had placed legal restrictions on certain groups. However, the baekjeong benefited much less from these changes than other groups, such as the slaves.
Christianity
The other major religious influence on human rights came through Christianity. Some missionaries had converted baekjeong to Christianity, stating that everyone has equal rights under God. However, everyone was not equal in Christian congregations and protests erupted when missionaries attempted to integrate the baekjeon into worship services, with non-baekjeong finding such attempts insensitive to traditional notions of social status. Thus, both Donghak and Christianity exposed the baekjeong, and Koreans more generally, to concepts of egalitarianism and social equality. Parallel to and supportive of the rise of these ideas were transitions occurring in Korean society as a whole, particularly with regard to social classes.
Social movements
Beginning in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the baekjeong began to resist the open social discrimination that existed against them. In 1900, leaders from 16 counties petitioned the mayor of Jinju to be allowed wear the same clothes and hats as other people. When others in the north refused to wear the humiliating garb traditionally expected of them and were jailed, an effort was made to release them. Growing industrialism in Korea began to erode baekjeong dominance over certain occupations, particularly as the Japanese began to control slaughterhouses and exploit them as employees.
However, as some baekjeong fell into financial despair, the loosening of segregation led others to profit from changes, giving them the ability to fund efforts for change. Beyond financial resources, organization was also strengthened due to the longstanding connections created through segregation and close-knit social networks. Between these human and financial resources, an emphasis on progressive models, and feelings of social deprivation and discrimination, the conditions were ripe for the baekjeong to mobilize for change. One of the earliest of these movements was in 1910 when Chang Chip'il, later an influential member of the Hyeongpyeongsa, unsuccessfully attempted to establish a trade union for butchers. In 1921, the Jipseong Johap was established by Korean and Japanese entrepreneurs, attempting to provide poverty assistance for butchers. However, this effort for improvement of economic conditions was soon overshadowed by an organization with broader goals.
The Hyeongpyeongsa was launched in Jinju on 23 April 1923 through the alliance of wealthy or educated baekjeong and non-baekjeong proponents of change, advocating for "the abolition of classes and of contemptuous appellations, the enlightenment of members, and the promotion of mutual friendship among members." It advocated both for individual civil rights as well as communal fellowship, recognizing that the group must maintain its identity under the strain of changes such as urbanization and industrialization which threatened to atomize the community. Thus, the Hyeongpyeongsa pursued both an equality of human rights and the right to assimilate into the broader public, even as it worked to forge a common identity. In 1927 a number of members of the Hyeongpyeongsa were arrested for their involvement in the creation of an underground nationalist organization. Their absence was partially responsible for the organization's shift to the socialist left in the late 1920s. Power within the organization shifted several times, including the shift in 1925 from the original Chinju faction advocating educational reform to a group of Seoul intellectuals more interested in economic reforms based around traditional occupations.
At the 1931 national conference, they stirred controversy within the movement by introducing a dissolution proposal, feeling that the organization had abandoned its original aims in favor of those of the bourgeois intellectuals directing it. It was their belief that dissolution would better serve their interests as it was replaced by trade unions. The dissolution proposal failed, but not without further alienating more conservative members of the movement, who were already financially strapped from broader economic conditions in Korea. Even more fatal for the movement was the arrest of a number of young radical members, who were accused of establishing a secret communist organization, the "Hyeongpyeongsa Youth Vanguard", which authorities said demanded struggle against feudalism and the abolishment of private property. The trial related to this accusation dragged on for four years, before the defendants were found to be innocent. It appears likely that the "organization" was a construction by Japanese authorities to ensure the labor wing of the Hyeongpyeongsa would not interfere with their access to leather needed for the invasion of China. As a result, the Hyeongpyeongsa shifted to the right, abandoning progressive ideals and finally disbanding in 1935, claiming the movement's aims had successfully been met.
The growing power of the radical wing divided the movement, and much of the economic support provided by wealthier baekjeong was pulled, particularly under the strain of the Great Depression, which had negatively impacted the meat and leather trades. The young socialists in the Hyŏngp'yŏngsa forged connections with other movements, attempting to broaden the movement and work towards "the reconstitution of Korea as a whole." More importantly, they focused on social and economic injustices affecting the baekjeong, hoping to create an egalitarian Korean society. Their efforts included attacking social discrimination by the upper class, authorities, and "commoners" and the use of degrading language against children in public schools.
See also
Jaegaseung
Yangban
Sangmin
Cheonmin
Nobi
Untouchable (social system)
Burakumin - The Japanese equivalent of baekjeong.
Cagot - Similar historically persecuted people in France and Spain
References
Journal
Osgood, Cornelius. 1951. The Koreans and Their Culture. New York: Ronald Press.
Passin, Herbert. 1957. "The Paekchŏng of Korea: A Brief Social History" Monumenta Nipponica. 12 (3/4): 195–240.
Kim, Joong-Seop. 1999. "In Search of Human Rights: The Paekchŏng Movement in Colonial Korea" Pp. 311–335 in Colonial Modernity in Korea, edited by Gi-Wook Shin and Michael Robinson. Cambridge; London: Harvard University Asia Center.
Kim, Joong-Seop. 2003. The Korean Paekjŏng under Japanese rule: the quest for equality and human rights. London; New York: Routledge.
, 2006. "". .
金永大, 1988. ". .
, 2003. "".
Korean caste system
Society of Korea
Korean culture
History of Korea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekjeong |
A fixture is a work-holding or support device used in the manufacturing industry. Fixtures are used to securely locate (position in a specific location or orientation) and support the work, ensuring that all parts produced using the fixture will maintain conformity and interchangeability. Using a fixture improves the economy of production by allowing smooth operation and quick transition from part to part, reducing the requirement for skilled labor by simplifying how workpieces are mounted, and increasing conformity across a production run.
Compared with a jig
A fixture differs from a jig in that when a fixture is used, the tool must move relative to the workpiece; a jig moves the piece while the tool remains stationary.
Purpose
A fixture's primary purpose is to create a secure mounting point for a workpiece, allowing for support during operation and increased accuracy, precision, reliability, and interchangeability in the finished parts. It also serves to reduce working time by allowing quick set-up, and by smoothing the transition from part to part. It frequently reduces the complexity of a process, allowing for unskilled workers to perform it and effectively transferring the skill of the tool maker to the unskilled worker. Fixtures also allow for a higher degree of operator safety by reducing the concentration and effort required to hold a piece steady.
Economically speaking the most valuable function of a fixture is to reduce labor costs. Without a fixture, operating a machine or process may require two or more operators; using a fixture can eliminate one of the operators by securing the workpiece.
Design
Fixtures should be designed with economics in mind; the purpose of these devices is often to reduce costs, and so they should be designed in such a way that the cost reduction outweighs the cost of implementing the fixture. It is usually better, from an economic standpoint, for a fixture to result in a small cost reduction for a process in constant use, than for a large cost reduction for a process used only occasionally.
Most fixtures have a solid component, affixed to the floor or to the body of the machine and considered immovable relative to the motion of the machining bit, and one or more movable components known as clamps. These clamps (which may be operated by many different mechanical means) allow workpieces to be easily placed in the machine or removed, and yet stay secure during operation. Many are also adjustable, allowing for workpieces of different sizes to be used for different operations. Fixtures must be designed such that the pressure or motion of the machining operation (usually known as the feed) is directed primarily against the solid component of the fixture. This reduces the likelihood that the fixture will fail, interrupting the operation and potentially causing damage to infrastructure, components, or operators.
Fixtures may also be designed for very general or simple uses. These multi-use fixtures tend to be very simple themselves, often relying on the precision and ingenuity of the operator, as well as surfaces and components already present in the workshop, to provide the same benefits of a specially-designed fixture. Examples include workshop vises, adjustable clamps, and improvised devices such as weights and furniture.
Each component of a fixture is designed for one of two purposes: location or support.
Location
Locating components ensure the geometrical stability of the workpiece. They make sure that the workpiece rests in the correct position and orientation for the operation by addressing and impeding all the degrees of freedom the workpiece possesses.
For locating workpieces, fixtures employ pins (or buttons), clamps, and surfaces. These components ensure that the workpiece is positioned correctly, and remains in the same position throughout the operation. Surfaces provide support for the piece, pins allow for precise location at low surface area expense, and clamps allow for the workpiece to be removed or its position adjusted. Locating pieces tend to be designed and built to very tight specifications.
Support
In designing the locating parts of a fixture, only the direction of forces applied by the operation are considered, and not their magnitude. Locating parts technically support the workpiece, but do not take into account the strength of forces applied by the process and so are usually inadequate to actually secure the workpiece during operation. For this purpose, support components are used.
To secure workpieces and prevent motion during operation, support components primarily use two techniques: positive stops and friction. A positive stop is any immovable component (such as a solid surface or pin) that, by its placement, physically impedes the motion of the workpiece. Support components are more likely to be adjustable than locating components, and normally do not press tightly on the workpiece or provide absolute location.
Support components usually bear the brunt of the forces delivered during the operation. To reduce the chances of failure, support components are usually not also designed as clamps.
For example: 2 heavy metal parts are to be joined with screws and arc welding. Using a fixture will help secure the two separate parts in a designated area for the craftsman to complete the job easily & without the risk of injury.
Types of fixtures
Fixtures are usually classified according to the machine for which they were designed. The most common two are milling fixtures and drill fixtures.
Milling fixtures
Milling operations tend to involve large, straight cuts that produce many chips and involve varying force. Locating and supporting areas must usually be large and very sturdy in order to accommodate milling operations; strong clamps are also a requirement. Due to the vibration of the machine, positive stops are preferred over friction for securing the workpiece. For high-volume automated processes, milling fixtures usually involve hydraulic or pneumatic clamps.
Drilling fixtures
Drilling fixtures cover a wider range of different designs and procedures than milling fixtures. Though workholding for drills is more often provided by jigs, fixtures are also used for drilling operations.
Two common elements of drilling fixtures are the hole and bushing. Holes are often designed into drilling fixtures, to allow space for the drill bit itself to continue through the workpiece without damaging the fixture or drill, or to guide the drill bit to the appropriate point on the workpiece. Bushings are simple bearing sleeves inserted into these holes to protect them and guide the drill bit.
Because drills tend to apply force in only one direction, support components for drilling fixtures may be simpler. If the drill is aligned pointing down, the same support components may compensate for the forces of both the drill and gravity at once. However, though monodirectional, the force applied by drills tends to be concentrated on a very small area. Drilling fixtures must be designed carefully to prevent the workpiece from bending under the force of the drill.
See also
Clamp
Degrees of freedom (engineering)
Kinematic coupling
Jig
Notes
References
Industrial equipment
Metalworking tools
Tools
Woodworking jigs
Holders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixture%20%28tool%29 |
Antonio Jesús López Nieto (born 25 January 1958 in Málaga, Andalusia) is a former Spanish football referee, who officiated at one FIFA World Cup and during the UEFA Champions League.
In 1995, López accused representatives of Dynamo Kyiv of attempting to bribe him before a UEFA Champions League game against Panathinaikos of Greece, a charge Dynamo Kyiv continue to deny. As a result of this accusation, UEFA banned Dynamo from competitions for two years, a sanction that was later overturned.
He has refereed in three UEFA Cup finals, in 1995 (first leg), 1998 and 2000. López set a record at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, issuing 14 yellow cards and 2 red cards in a match between Germany and Cameroon. This record was then broken in the 2006 tournament by Valentin Ivanov during the match between Portugal and Netherlands, who issued 16 yellow cards and 4 red cards.
References
External links
2002 FIFA World Cup profile (archive)
1958 births
Living people
Spanish football referees
UEFA Champions League referees
2002 FIFA World Cup referees
UEFA Euro 1996 referees | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20L%C3%B3pez%20Nieto |
Kentucky Route 29 (KY 29) is an state highway located entirely within Jessamine County in the U.S. state of Kentucky. The highway, maintained by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, runs north from High Bridge, Kentucky through Wilmore before ending at Nicholasville. Within Wilmore, KY 29 intersects Kentucky Route 1268 and junctions with Kentucky Route 3433. The highway acts as the border between Asbury University and Asbury Theological Seminary. Just north of Wilmore, KY 29 merges with U.S. Route 68 for before leaving US 68 and turning east heading towards Nicholasville. KY 29 terminates at Kentucky Route 39 and U.S. Route 27 Business in downtown Nicholasville.
Route description
KY 29 begins at an intersection with Lock Seven Road near the Kentucky River in High Bridge, Jessamine County, heading north on two-lane undivided High Bridge Road. The road heads through woodland with some homes and turns to the east, passing under a Norfolk Southern railroad line. The route continues through farmland with some woods and residences and curves to the northeast. KY 29 turns to the north and comes to a bridge over the railroad tracks. The road heads northeast through more rural areas before it enters Wilmore and becomes South Lexington Avenue. KY 29 passes homes before it runs past businesses and comes to an intersection with KY 1268. The road becomes North Lexington Avenue and runs between Asbury University to the west and Asbury Theological Seminary to the east. The route intersects the western terminus of KY 3433 and continues through residential areas. KY 29 leaves Wilmore and becomes Lexington Road, passing through farmland with some residential development. The route comes to an intersection with US 68 and forms a concurrency with that route on Harrodsburg Road.
The road heads northeast and widens into a four-lane divided highway. KY 29 splits from US 68 by heading southeast on two-lane undivided Wilmore Road and continues through agricultural areas with some residential development. The road curves to the east and intersects the eastern terminus of KY 3433. The route heads into Nicholasville and widens to a divided highway as it comes to an interchange with US 27. KY 29 becomes undivided again and passes through residential and commercial areas, coming to another bridge over the Norfolk Southern line. The road becomes West Maple Street and runs past more homes before intersecting the southern terminus of KY 2332 and heading into the downtown area. KY 29 comes to its eastern terminus at an intersection with US 27 Bus., where the road continues east as KY 39.
Major intersections
References
0029
Transportation in Jessamine County, Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky%20Route%2029 |
The Windsor-Rutland-1 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Windsor-Rutland-1 District includes all of the Windsor County towns of Ludlow and Plymouth, and the Rutland County town of Mount Holly.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Windsor-Rutland-1 District had a population of 4,245 in that same census, 4.58% above the state average.
District Representative
Dennis Devereux, Republican
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session
Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012
External links
Detail map of Rutland County districts (PDF)
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
Ludlow (town), Vermont
Mount Holly, Vermont
Plymouth, Vermont | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor-Rutland-1%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012 |
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