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Lake is a large village and civil parish located on Sandown Bay, on the Isle of Wight, England. It is six miles south-east of Newport situated between Sandown and Shanklin, and to the east of the hamlet of Apse Heath.
Name
Lake is named after the Old English "Lacu" referring to the creek that ran along, and has been artificially widened into what is now Scotchells Brook, which is between the Isle of Wight Airport, the Morrisons Superstore and the Spithead Industrial Park.
History
The high street that runs through Lake has not changed much since the early 20th century. However, the village war memorial, constructed in 1920, has been relocated behind the Fairway Bus Shelter due to having been run down twice by carelessly driven lorries. The thatched cottage at Merrie Gardens dates from the 17th century and is the oldest surviving building in Lake.
Geography
Lake is a seaside village situated above the cliffs on Sandown bay, it stands at an elevation of above sea-level. Lake's beach or 'Welcome Beach' has golden sands and reached by a steep path down the sandstone cliffs to the Revetment. It has two cafes (Hinks and Strollers), beach huts, a Sea Scout hut and inshore lifeboat.
A large public park called Los Altos starts at the boundary between Lake and Sandown. Another large park called Lake Cliff Gardens borders the cliffs that back onto the beach and stretches between Lake and Shanklin.
Local wildlife includes Pipistrelle bats at Los Altos, kestrels along the Cliff Path and Common Toads which spawn in the disused reservoir behind the Mall. The wetlands of the River Yar are an SSSI supporting newts, voles and wildfowl.
Facilities
The village has the Broadlea primary school at Blackpan and The Bay School (Church of England primary and secondary) at the north end of the Fairway. There are several pubs including The Stag, plus The Porter Club (formerly Lake Working Men's Club) and a Town Guild.
Local businesses include Downer & White undertakers, Swinton Insurance, Allegri accountants, RSPCA charity shop and a veterinary practice. The village also features an Indian and Chinese Restaurant plus two Chinese takeaways, a kebab shop and Lake Fish Bar. There is a doctor's surgery and pharmacy. The disused medical clinic at the corner of Lake Hill and the Fairway is now a Co-Operative funeral parlour.
There were recently two pubs in the village - The Stag and the Manor House. The Manor House was closed and has since reopened as a Tesco Metro. However, another pub, "The Merrie Garden" has recently opened near the Morrison's store. Alongside The Merrie Garden pub, a new Premier Inn has recently been built. It opened in late 2015. A branch of KFC opened in December 2018 nearby.
Sandown & Shanklin Golf Course is behind the Academy School and the Rugby Club in front.
Religion
The village has a Methodist Church which was opened in 1956 and upgraded from 2009 to 2011 with the addition of a church hall. The old church, built in 1877, complete with a hall and schoolroom (added in 1923) is now a multi-purpose building with both halls being converted into housing.
The Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd, which was constructed designed in 1892, is also in the village. Construction finished in May 1894 and it replaced the former Little Iron Church of 1876.
There also is a Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses.
Transportation
Public transport is provided by Southern Vectis bus routes 2, 3 and 8 - which run between Newport, Ryde, Sandown, Shanklin, Ventnor and Bembridge. Night buses operate on Friday and Saturday nights.
Having opened in 1987, Lake railway station was the newest on the island until the construction of a station at Smallbrook Junction in 1994. The station is placed in the heart of a quiet residential area close to Lake Cliff Gardens.
References
External links
Some current photographs
Historical photographs of Lake from the Francis Frith collection
Hilton Price's Nostalgic Lake
Villages on the Isle of Wight
Civil parishes in the Isle of Wight | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%2C%20Isle%20of%20Wight |
The Mountain Road is a 1960 war film starring James Stewart and directed by Daniel Mann. Set in China and based on the 1958 novel of the same name by journalist-historian Theodore H. White, the film follows the attempts of a U.S. Army major to destroy bridges and roads potentially useful to the Japanese during World War II. White's time covering China for Time magazine during the war led to an interview with former OSS Major Frank Gleason Jr., who served as head of a demolition crew that inspired the story and film. Gleason was later hired as an uncredited technical adviser for the film.
The film is a rather somber treatment of World War II and includes themes that were taboo for Hollywood during the war years, such as tensions between allies and racism among American troops. The protagonist is a frustrated and morally conflicted U.S. officer unsure about the value of his mission. For these reasons, The Mountain Road is often labeled as anti-war, but it was made with the cooperation of the Pentagon, and it is much more respectful of the military as an institution than are the well-known anti-war films of the 1960s and 1970s.
As a World War II combat veteran, Stewart had vowed never to make a war film, concerned they were rarely realistic. The Mountain Road was the only war movie set during World War II in which he starred as a combatant. Stewart, however, had been featured in a wartime short, Winning Your Wings (1942) and in a civilian role in Malaya (1949). Harry Morgan, another cast member in The Mountain Road, later said he believed that Stewart made an "exception for this film because it was definitely anti-war."
Plot
In 1944, Major Baldwin (James Stewart) of the United States Army Corps of Engineers is ordered to blow up an airfield. Headquarters in Kunming orders him to then use his pre-war engineering expertise to delay the advancing Japanese forces as much as possible while retreating by road, but General Loomis (Alan Baxter) gives him the option to return with him to base by air. Baldwin makes the riskier choice to lead his first command. Loomis is reluctant to let him, because of his inexperience as a commander, but relents.
Baldwin has at his command Sergeant Michaelson (Harry Morgan), Prince (Mike Kellin), Lewis (Eddie Firestone), Miller (Rudy Bond), Collins (Glenn Corbett), the demolition team's translator, and two other soldiers, a Jeep and four trucks. On the road, Baldwin finds out from Chinese commander Colonel Li (Leo Chen) that the Japanese wish to capture a munitions dump away. Li wants Baldwin to blow up the munitions, but Baldwin does not want to go that far out of his way. Li assigns Colonel Kwan (Frank Silvera) to the team, but before they can embark, Madame Sue-Mei Hung (Lisa Lu), the American-educated widow of a general, joins them, with Baldwin gradually becoming attracted to her. Her husband was executed when he disobeyed one order whilst obeying a different one.
Baldwin blows up a bridge and uses deceit to push a civilian truck over a cliff to keep on pace, trying to reach the munitions dump before the Japanese. Sue-Mei and Baldwin are at odds over his cavalier treatment of the Chinese when he resorts to blowing up a mountain road, leaving thousands of local Chinese refugees trapped. After stopping at a village because Miller is ill with pneumonia, Collins tries to give out the surplus food the team has brought, but is trampled to death by starving villagers. Baldwin is furious and resolute in trying to complete his mission, and is finally successful in blowing up the munitions storage.
Baldwin sends Miller in ahead in one of the army trucks to transport the ailing Lewis and the body of Collins. They discover it stolen by Chinese bandits/army deserters with Miller and Lewis found having been stripped and executed. Baldwin exacts revenge by rolling a gas barrel into the bandits' outpost and setting the village on fire. Baldwin asks Sue-Mei to understand why he had to act that way, but there is no reconciliation between them as she cannot forgive him and she leaves him. Although recognizing that his retribution was fundamentally excessive and brutal, Baldwin radios his report to headquarters, and is praised for fulfilling his mission.
Cast
James Stewart as Major Baldwin
Lisa Lu as Madame Su-Mei Hung (film debut)
Glenn Corbett as Collins
Harry Morgan as Sergeant Michaelson
Mike Kellin as Prince
Rudy Bond as Miller
Eddie Firestone as Lewis
Frank Silvera as Colonel Kwan
James Best as Niergaard
Alan Baxter as General Loomis
Leo Chen as Colonel Li
P. C. Lee as Chinese general
Production
Although the Japanese invaders were the feared antagonists, they never appear, as The Mountain Road diverges from typical World War II action films in dealing with a more sensitive sub-plot, delving into the cultural misunderstanding and racial prejudice between American soldiers and their Chinese allies. White's original story contained a serious message that stemmed from his extended sojourn in China, first as a freelance reporter in 1938 and shortly thereafter as correspondent for Time magazine. White found his stories depicting the corruption of the Nationalist government and warning of the growing threat of communism being rewritten by Chinese government officials with the cooperation of editors at his magazine. When he left his post and returned to the United States, in 1946, White and colleague Annalee Jacoby wrote a best-selling nonfiction book, Thunder Out of China, describing the country in wartime. His follow-up novel, The Mountain Road, also reflected his interest in a China in turmoil.
During planning, a number of actors and production staff were considered, including Marlon Brando and Robert Mitchum for the male lead role, Chinese actress Dora Ding as the female lead, James Wong Howe as director of photography, and even Don Rickles, then making a name as a "second banana" in films. Lisa Lu, who played Madame Sue-Mei Hung in her first major role, recruited P. C. Lee, Leo Chen, Richard Wang and C. N. Hu, faculty members from the Chinese Mandarin Department, Army Language School, to appear in the film.
Principal photography began on June 9, 1959, with location filming taking place at Arizona locations. The set for the Chinese village was erected on the Horse Mesa Dam Road, east of Phoenix. Another set was erected in the vicinity of Superstition Mountain. The Fish Creek Hill Bridge on the Apache Trail was revamped to resemble the Chinese wooden bridge that is blown up, and the temple set, ammunition and supply station, as well as the airfield, were erected in Nogales. The battle scenes were filmed at the Columbia Ranch in Burbank, California. The extreme heat at the locations caused frequent cases of heat prostration among the cast and crew. Production wrapped on August 20, 1959.
Reception
Although a minor film in Stewart's repertoire, The Mountain Road was received favorably, if considered somewhat puzzling. The New York Times reviewer Howard Thompson noted, "Even with its final, philosophical overtones, this remains a curiously taciturn, dogged and matter-of-fact little picture—none too stimulating… bluntly, and none too imaginatively." Variety focused on Stewart's role, "As played by James Stewart, the American major holds the film together."
White had mixed feelings about the film. In his memoirs, he describes seeing it at a theater in Times Square where a group of teenagers sitting behind him cheered the explosions and the Americans' revenging the deaths of their comrades with the destruction of the village, one of them saying, "The hell with it. That's the best part of the picture. The rest is crap." White wrote that he came to agree, saying that he had written the ending based on his experience as a reporter at the time, "refusing to acknowledge guilt in Asia…" But by the time that he wrote his memoirs, he had come to feel that the "reality of the twenty-five-year-long American record in Asia was that of genuine good will exercised in mass killing, a grisly irony which White could master neither in film nor book. Asia was a bloody place; we had no business there; novel and movie should have said just that at whatever risk."
Home media
The Mountain Road has been released on full-screen format VHS, with DVD set for release 09/16/2022 It has also been televised on the American GetTV network.
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
Dolan, Edward F. Jr. Hollywood Goes to War. London: Bison Books, 1985. .
Evans, Alun. Brassey's Guide to War Films. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2000. .
Hyams, Jay. War Movies. New York: W.H. Smith Publishers, Inc., 1984. .
Jones, Ken D., Arthur F. McClure and Alfred E. Twomey. The Films of James Stewart. New York: Castle Books, 1970.
Munn, Michael. Jimmy Stewart: The Truth Behind The Legend. Fort Lee, New Jersey: Barricade Books, 2006. .
Pakkula, Hannah. The Last Empress: Madame Chiang Kai-Shek and the Birth of Modern China. London: Hachette UK, 2010. .
External links
1960 films
1960 drama films
Films based on American novels
Films based on military novels
Films directed by Daniel Mann
Columbia Pictures films
World War II films based on actual events
Second Sino-Japanese War films
Films scored by Jerome Moross
Films set in China
Films shot in Arizona
Films shot in California
Films set in 1944
Films about interracial romance
1960s English-language films
American films based on actual events
American World War II films
1960s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mountain%20Road |
Manjar blanco (), also known as manjar de leche or simply manjar, is a term used in Spanish-speaking areas of the world in reference to a variety of milk-based delicacies. In Spain the term refers to blancmange, a European delicacy found in various parts of the continent as well as the United Kingdom. In the Americas (South America primarily) it refers to a sweet, white spread or pastry filling made with milk. This term is sometimes used interchangeably with dulce de leche or cajeta in Latin America but these terms generally refer to delicacies prepared differently from those just described. Related dishes exist by other names in other regions, such as tembleque in Puerto Rico. In Portuguese-speaking countries the dish is known as manjar branco.
Spain
Manjar blanco in Spain and in other parts of Europe refers to a dessert (blancmange in English), traditionally light brown in color (although often colored by added ingredients), made with a mould with a consistency like gelatin (in fact modern varieties are often made with gelatin). In the Middle Ages, the dish was prepared with chicken or fish, rice, sugar, and almond milk or milk and other ingredients (the dish was probably influenced by the Arab cuisine of Muslim Spain). Today the primary ingredients in Spain tend to be milk, almonds, corn starch or gelatin, and sugar. The variants in Spain are often somewhat different from those in France or the United Kingdom.
South America
This term is used in Peru, Ecuador, Chile, and Bolivia (not to be confused with natillas which is a similar but separate dish). It refers to a set of similar dishes traditionally made by slowly and gently cooking pure (normally non-homogenized) milk to thicken and reduce the volume, and gradually adding sugar. In some regions other ingredients such as vanilla, citrus juices, cinnamon, and even rice may also be added. Usually a double boiler of some sort is employed so as to prevent browning of the mixture (which would give it a different flavor). The result is a white or cream-colored, thick spread with a consistency much like that of a thick cake frosting although the flavor is more like that of sweetened cream (with accents of whatever additional ingredients may have been added). The cooking process is largely the same as for creating sweetened condensed milk except that the result is normally thicker.
Although manjar blanco can be used as spread much like jelly or jam is used in the U.S., it is also commonly used as a filling for pastries and cookies such as alfajores and tejas.
Colombia
Manjar blanco is a traditional Christmas dish in Colombia, along with natilla. It is made out of ingredients like milk, rice, and sugar, which are heated for a long period of time until the right texture is achieved. Manjar blanco is usually eaten with a slice of natilla, buñuelos, and hojuelas, creating a flavor combination from the salty buñuelos with the two sweet desserts. Manjar blanco can be found in stores during Christmas time, but is also found in stores throughout the year.
Central America
In Guatemala, El Salvador, and other countries in Central America manjar de leche is a pudding or custard made with milk, cornstarch (to thicken), sugar, and often other ingredients such as vanilla, cinnamon or other flavorings. This white-colored confection may be eaten by itself or used as a pastry filling. In Costa Rica, the term "natilla" refers to a cultured buttermilk-like product with a butterfat content ranging from 12% ("liviana") to 14%, sold in stores in plastic pouches. It is used as a condiment on such dishes as gallo pinto, baked potatoes, steamed vegetables and the like.
Philippines
A Filipino indigenized adaptation of this dessert is called maja blanca, and uses coconut milk instead of milk, with cornstarch or gulaman (algae-derived thickener) and sugar. It also commonly includes corn kernels, and this variation is known as maja blanca con maiz.
See also
Buñuelos
Hojuelas
List of spreads
References
External links
Blanc-Manger: A Journey Through Time
Desserts
Almonds
Spanish cuisine
Chilean cuisine
Colombian cuisine
Mexican desserts
Puerto Rican cuisine
Peruvian cuisine
Spreads (food)
New Mexican cuisine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manjar%20blanco |
Damned in Black is the sixth studio album by Norwegian black metal band Immortal. It was released on March 27, 2000, through Osmose Productions, making it their last album released through their long-time collaboration with the French record label. It's their first album where bass guitar duties are handled by Iscariah. Besides some death metal influences, mostly manifested in the opening track "Triumph", the musical style started to embrace a more blackened thrash metal sound, a style that would be more present on their next album, Sons of Northern Darkness. During the recording session in the Abyss studio, the band also recorded "From The Dark Past", cover version of influential Norwegian black metal band Mayhem, which later appeared on Originators of the Northern Darkness - A Tribute to Mayhem compilation.
Release
It is known that there were five different issues distributed next to the original jewel case: a limited edition digipak, a limited edition picture box case, a special cassette tape edition and a limited edition handnumbered vinyl pressing, which was released under Osmose Productions and was later reissued in 2005.
Critical reception
AllMusic wrote, "While it will most likely be overlooked considering Immortal's brightest and deadliest moments came before and after it (respectively)", "Damned in Black strikes one as being At the Heart of Winter and Sons of Northern Darkness' nasty, spiteful little brother, sounding slightly rushed, unkempt and panicky, with whirlwind blastbeats more prominent in the arrangements. But the album benefits from this approach; it's an angrier, more fiery record".
Track listing
Personnel
Immortal
Abbath Doom Occulta (Olve Eikemo) – vocals & guitar
Iscariah (Stian Smørholm) – bass
Horgh (Reidar Horghagen) – drums
Additional personnel
Demonaz Doom Occulta (Harald Nævdal) – lyrics
Charts
References
External links
Damned in Black at Encyclopaedia Metallum
Immortal (band) albums
2000 albums
Albums produced by Peter Tägtgren
Albums with cover art by Jean-Pascal Fournier | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damned%20in%20Black |
Antoine Pesne () (29 May 1683 – 5 August 1757) was a French-born court painter of Prussia. Starting in the manner of baroque, he became one of the fathers of rococo in painting. His work represents a link between the French school and the Frederican rococo style.
Early life
Born in Paris, Pesne first studied art under his father and uncle. From 1704 to 1710 he received a stipend for advanced training at the Académie Royale in Italy.
Career
In 1710, Pesne was called to Berlin by King Frederick I in Prussia. The king had seen and liked a painting of a German nobleman Pesne had completed in Venice and wanted Pesne to complete a study of himself. Upon the death of the king in 1713, Pesne worked in the courts of Dresden and Dessau, and later visited London and Paris, where he was made a full member of the Académie Royale in 1720. While there, he painted the a portrait of a well-known collector Pierre-Jean Mariette in 1723. Mariette had extensive international connections with other artists and, importantly, with patrons.
In 1734, Frederick the Great, having been reinstated as crown prince in 1731 by his father, Frederick William I, took up residence in Rheinsberg. Frederick William himself had little use for painting and art for its own sake; he was far more interested in soldiers, soldiering, and building the army. He did, however, appoint Pesne as director of the Prussian Academy of Arts in 1732. At that point, Pesne became famous for his portraits of the Prussian royal family and their households. Among his most famous is his portrait of Frederick William, The Soldier King, (1733). Many of his portraits hang in Berlin museums and in Charlottenburg Palace. These include (among others) his portraits of the first two kings in Prussia, Frederick I and Frederick William I, members of the royal family, and of lady-in-waiting Eleonore von Schlieben.
In St. Agnus Church in Köthen, where J. S. Bach was music director (Kapellmeister), there is a portrait of the donor Gisela Agnes, Princess of Anhalt-Köthen, painted by Pesne in 1713. The ceiling paintings in Charlottenburg, Rheinsberg, and Sanssouci Palaces are at least partially his work.
In 1746 Pesne received from King Frederick II property and construction material to erect a house at Oberwallstraße 3 in Berlin, where he lived until his death in 1757. His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof I der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No. I of the congregations of Jerusalem's Church and New Church) in Berlin-Kreuzberg, south of Hallesches Tor.
Style and influence
Pesne used a style similar to that made famous in France during the reign of Louis XIV, although his use of colors was softer and his touch more "painterly." His View of Rheinsberg (1737) demonstrates the engagement of people with nature, a theme popular at the time.
Most of his decorative work at Rheinsberg and later in Berlin and Potsdam at Sanssoucci, included mythological and allegorical scenes, such as the ceiling in the audience room at Sanssouci: Zephyr Crowns Flora. The presence of such artists as Pesne throughout the capitals of Europe guaranteed the expansion of French influence into all the arts.
References
The information in this article is primarily based on that in its German equivalent.
External links
Works by Pesne in museums at Web Gallery of Art
1683 births
1757 deaths
Painters from Paris
Baroque painters
17th-century French painters
French male painters
18th-century French painters
Painters from the Kingdom of Prussia
Court painters
French emigrants
Immigrants to Prussia
18th-century French male artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine%20Pesne |
Wellsville Municipal Airport , also known as Tarantine Field, is a public use airport located southwest of Wellsville, a village in the Town of Wellsville, Allegany County, New York, United States. The airport is owned by the Town of Wellsville. It is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a general aviation facility.
The original Wellsville airport prior to about 1970 was located about northeast of the present airport's location. The original northwest/southeast runway is still clearly visible.
Facilities and aircraft
Wellsville Municipal Airport covers an area of at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 10/28 with an asphalt surface measuring .
The single east-west runway is long, however only is available for landing. The west-facing runway is equipped with a localizer instrument approach and a medium intensity approach lighting system which allows for a small improvement in landing minimums.
For the 12-month period ending July 31, 2012, the airport had 9,350 aircraft operations, an average of 25 per day: 91% general aviation, 8% air taxi, and 1% military. At that time there were 21 aircraft based at this airport: 81% single-engine and 19% multi-engine.
References
External links
Wellsville Municipal Airport (ELZ) at NYSDOT Airport Directory
Aerial image as of April 1994 from USGS The National Map
Airports in New York (state)
Transportation in Allegany County, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellsville%20Municipal%20Airport |
Elke Schmitter (born 25 January 1961, Krefeld, West Germany) is a German journalist, novelist and poet.
After studying philosophy in Munich, Schmitter worked as a journalist until 1994, when she became a full-time writer.
Her first novel to be translated into English was Mrs Sartoris, published in German in 2000 and English in 2003, .
References
1961 births
Living people
People from Krefeld
21st-century German novelists
German women novelists
21st-century German women writers
Der Spiegel people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elke%20Schmitter |
Divisoria () is a commercial center in the districts of Tondo, Binondo, and San Nicolas in Manila, Philippines known for its shops that sell low-priced goods and its diverse manufacturing activities. Tutuban Center is situated within the commercial hub along with a night market located in the Centers' vicinity. The area is riddled with different bazaars, bargain malls, and a few points of interest.
Etymology
Divisoria is a term of Spanish origin, which translates as "divide" or "division." A variation of the term is línea divisoria, which translates as "dividing line." While the term can be used in the general sense of division, it can also be used with a geographical connotation.
This region was referred to as Divisoria due to its historical function dating back to the Spanish colonial period. That is, Divisoria "divided" Intramuros, the "gated city," from Parian, where the Chinese were racially segregated. It was only after this segregation that retail industry of Chinese merchants flourished, which is more approximate to the vision of Divisoria which now persists.
Geography
Divisoria is located in the districts of Tondo, Binondo, and San Nicolas in the Manila, thus part of the city's first, second, and third legislative districts. With no defined borders, Divisoria spans an area of about and is bisected by Recto Avenue. It has gained a reputation for its poorly sanitized streets and poor-quality products but with the establishment of the Tutuban Centermall in 1993, the area saw the rise of other shopping malls that attracted by those from the higher classes.
Divisoria is known for its dimly lit streets and "fly-by-night" vendors. In response to commercial traffic and crime occurrences, Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada installed 137 new lamp posts along Benavidez and Asuncion Streets in the area.
The market's reputation for poor sanitation has brought attention for further research, particularly the currencies circulating around it as well as its vegetables. Sampled in a study, parasitic contamination of coins and paper bills obtained from selected public markets in Metro Manila has been reported. Furthermore, vegetable samples were obtained from Divisoria and other markets from Quezon City and Muntinlupa. The prevalence of parasitic infestation of the samples was 45%. According to the study, other public markets obtained their vegetables from Divisoria. Both studied recommended extra caution to safeguard oneself from possible causes of infections.
Architecture
On July 23, 2004, the SAI Building at Divisoria collapsed. Having stood for five years at eight stories high, the building was located at the intersection of Padre Rada and Juan Luna streets. While there were no injuries or fatalities, there were cases on property damage.
This incident entails that the National Building Code is not being strictly enforced. Below is an excerpt of the code defining dangerous buildings:
The following excerpt from the Code delineates the abatement of such buildings:
According to Harry Wong, the construction engineer of SAI Building, the projected durability of the building was 10 years. However, the foundation of the building weakened due to simultaneous construction in the north side and across the building.
Attractions
Andres Bonifacio Monument
Situated in front of the Tutuban Center along with the Tutuban Railway Station is a monument of Andres Bonifacio erected by the National Historical Institute in 1971. The inscription on the monument reads that Andres Bonifacio was born on the very site on November 30, 1863, but this is factually inaccurate according to the author of the first Bonifacio biography published in 1911, as it states that Andres was born inside a house in Calle Alvarado in the Binondo district.
Tutuban Center
Tutuban Center is a fully air-conditioned shopping center with security and utility personnel, along with bazaars that fill a substantial amount of floorspace. The entirety of the mall is made up of 7 buildings, Centermalls 1 and 2, Cluster Buildings 1 and 2, the Prime Block (a higher-end market place), the Robinson's Department Store, and a seven-story Parking Tower. It was developed by the Prime Onion Group with a seed fund of 5 Billion Philippine Pesos in 1988, all on 8.5 hectares of land.
In 2016, Ayala Land Inc. (ALI) acquired Tutuban Center with the interest of preserving and further developing the mall, along with its neighboring historical sites, such as the Andres Bonifacio Monument and the Philippine National Railway. Moreover, the mall is regarded as a key terminal interchange between the North Rail, South Rail and the Line 2 West Extension, as well as "the heart of Divisoria retail and wholesale shopping." According to Rowena Tomeldan, ALI vice president and head of Ayala Malls Group, “There is a unique opportunity to expand Ayala Land’s presence in the city, reach a new and broader market and contribute to the revitalization of downtown Manila.”
Divisoria Mall
The Divisoria Mall is located in the San Nicolas district. Inside the shopping mall are gift shops and a food court. In 1909, Manila's earliest and biggest market was built in the same area. The market transitioned into a mall during the mid-1990s, in which it was rebranded and rebuilt into the current Divisoria Mall. Formerly, it was among the first to offer an air-conditioned interior, a cinema, a food court, and a basement wet market. However, prior to its reconstruction in 2016, it caught fire in 2013. Despite not having a cinema anymore, the upper three floors of the mall currently contain several shops and a food court.
168 Shopping Mall
Lucky Chinatown
Seng Guan Temple
Tutuban station
History
The origins of Divisoria can be traced back to the Spanish Colonial Era when non-Christian Chinese traders were prohibited to live and do business inside the nearby Intramuros. This led the ethnic Chinese to set up shop in Binondo which caused the area situated near the Pasig River to become a thriving commercial hub. The market thrived on its convenient transportation facilities that allowed for the easy transport of goods like the natural canal that connected the market to Pasig River, the convenient access for trucks and buses from provinces and the railroad station also known as the Tutuban Railway Station or the Manila Railroad that passed within the block of the market.
After the Battle of Manila during World War II, the areas surrounding Divisoria (Tondo) were ruined, leaving Divisoria Market's Spanish-style buildings preserved, but still affecting the businesses there. The use of the Manila Railroad was phased out and replaced by buses and trucks for cargo and passengers. The concentration of stores surrounding the railroad station were not rebuilt. The station was ordered to be demolished in 1996 to make way for a shopping mall, but the demolition of the station and the plans to build the mall were cancelled. The building's face remains intact to this day and is used as the main entrance to the Tutuban Centermall.
The buildings in the area were not maintained well and the general quality of the area went down, but there was still a high demand for the space surrounding the area. Divisoria Market generates a powerful income for the city, bringing in millions of pesos. Divisoria Market has since then grown into an even bigger market and is often said to be a great investment because of its many commercial and retail establishments, and multinational financial medical and educational institutions. The price of land in the area continues to rise, and with a growing population and economy, the demand for better living and working conditions grew as well.
On June 25, 1991, the Anti-Littering Ordinance was passed, which prompted the police to ward off street vendors from where they usually set up shop. While this law was suspended in 2003, the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) has re-implemented the law starting September 16, 2010. In further efforts to sanitize the Divisoria streets, Manila will replace all gasoline-operated pedicabs with electric tricycles (or e-trikes). As of January 2018, Manila City has already begun distributing electric tricycles to drivers and operators in Binondo, among others.
Culture
Crime
Divisoria is said to be notorious for petty crimes such as pick-pocketing or lack of traffic discipline. In 2016, petty crimes were recorded to have significantly declined attributing to the Philippine anti-drug war. The most recent criminal act in 2018 was of a stall owner in 999 Mall Building 2 of the shopping mall complex who was shot dead, the victim's wife was also reported to have been injured. Only one armed assailant was confirmed through surveillance footage.
Shopping
According to the Manila Police District, there have been almost 1 million shoppers in Divisoria as of November 2017. On average, 700,000 people go to Divisoria daily.
Sidewalk vendors
According to the Task Force on Urban Conscientization (TFUC), there are three types of small-business vendors:
(a) sidewalk (bangketa) vendor
(b) street (kalye) vendor
(c) itinerant (walang puwesto)
As of 1992, there was an average of 6000 families (or 30,000 individuals) that relied on such small-business vending for livelihood. The TFUC also noted that Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays yielded the weakest, moderate, and strongest sales, respectively.
While not comprehensive or without exception, some commonalities found among the interviews held by the TFUC are enumerated below.
The sidewalk vendors would prefer adopting a different profession. However, they do not have the capacity to choose a different vocation, due to lack of prior schooling, as well as lack of capital to be invested in either further schooling or career.
Despite having the capacity to set their own schedule for vending products, the primary reason for resuming work without breaks is that while they are unable to pursue an alternative profession, they harbor the interest of afford their children an education, thus opening up the possibility of uplifting the household's financial situation.
In accordance with the currently effective Anti-Littering Ordinance, sidewalk vendors continue to be "cleared" or warded off by police. Their products, ranging from fruits and vegetables to non-consumables, are confiscated by authorities in order to further discourage such activities of illegal vending.
However, they are illegally and rampantly permitted to continue vending products, given that they bribe the police (bigyan ng lagay).
In relation to the lagay culture in Divisoria, there have been cases in the area wherein individuals have posed as authorities and requested either bribes or fees from vegetable dealers and vendors, as of August 2016. Such individuals claimed to have been mandated by Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada to collect fees for a "protection racket" for particular locations in Divisoria. Vendors reported to have shelled out ₱2,800 per week, in order to use a portion of Recto Avenue for unloading their produce. According to Mayor Estrada, such frauds have already been perpetuated since the 1980s, "since the time of [former Mayors Lito] Atienza and [Alfredo] Lim.” Dennis Alcoreza, head of the Manila Traffic and Parking Bureau, reported that an estimated 20 to 30 vegetable trucks traveling from Baguio City, Benguet province, among other crop-producing areas, engage in such monetary collection frauds every night, which effectively disrupts traffic flow. Moreover, on the average, dealers leave behind roughly 16 truckloads of trash daily, which is collected by the city government. Mayor Estrada has thus since carried out investigations on individuals engaging in such frauds.
Types of goods and services
As reported by the TFUC, various types of goods and services are sold in the streets of Divisoria, namely:
(a) unprocessed food (fruits, vegetables)
(b) processed food (tinapa, daing, longganisa)
(c) prepared food (canned or cooked)
(d) non-food/durable (furniture, car parts, radios)
(e) non-food/non-durable (rubber sandals, garter, shoes, jewelry)
(f) textile/clothing (T-shirts, curtains)
(g) services (key duplication, fortune telling)
While Divisoria is regarded as a shopping mecca for products sold significantly cheaper compared to retail shops, there has been the phenomenon of counterfeit, toxic, or otherwise hazardous products being sold in its malls. The phenomenon was sufficiently salient to either rouse the attention of several local organizations, or have been revealed to contravene particular policies or authorities.
On May 7, 2017, the Ecowaste Coalition released a public service announcement cautioning consumers against buying a cheap plastic chicken toy labeled as "Shrilling Chicken" being sold in Divisoria. This is for the reason that toxic materials such as plastic additives that can disrupt the physiological development of children (e.g., malformed genitals for boys, early onset of puberty for girls) are present in the toy.
A statement released by the Department of Health's A.O. 2009-005 as amended in 2011 reads: "it shall be unlawful for any person to manufacture for sale, offer for sale, distribute in commerce, or import into the country any children’s toys that contain concentrations of more than 0.1 percent by weight of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), or benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)." In violation of that, the Shrilling Chicken toy contains phthalates DEHP and DBP up to 19 percent and 13 percent, respectively. The Shrilling Chicken has already been banned in several European countries such as Luxembourg (2017), Spain (2016), the Czech Republic (2014), and Sweden (2013).
One similar case involved Pokémon toys being sold for as cheap as ₱5 per unit, which were revealed to contain concentrations of lead as well as to pose a choking or swallowing hazard to young children due to the small size of the toys. In a screening process organized by the Ecowaste Coalition, 38 out of 225 samples contained a concentration of lead that is prohibited according to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
Another case investigated by Ecowaste involved imitation lipstick, which also contains harmful concentrations of lead. At minimum, the screened products contained 55 parts per million (ppm), 35 ppm above from the maximum limit set by Asean Cosmetic Directive. Two samples contained traces of mercury. Even Senator De Lima advocated against this phenomenon in her announcement, "This is a threat to public health. It’s alarming that people who are looking for low-cost alternatives to the popular and expensive brands can easily be fooled into buying the cheap products without knowing that these goods can endanger their life."
Traffic
The traffic problem in Divisoria is a complex issue caused by many factors that makes it hard to fix. Illegal structures that are built on sidewalks force pedestrians to walk on the roads which worsen the traffic congestion. However, apart from the inflow and outflow of people, another contributor to traffic in Divisoria are different modes of transportation, such as jeepneys, buses, pedicabs, e-tricycles, kalesa, and private vehicles.
Joseph Estrada, the mayor of Manila from 2013 to 2019, has made many efforts to improve the decongestion of traffic in Manila and has been working on the cleanup of small businesses without permits and the banning of certain trucks. His successor, Isko Moreno, also led in declogging the roads of vendors and organizing them.
Appearances in popular culture
In the 25th season of American reality-competition program The Amazing Race, teams performed a task involving delivering bunot (coconut husk) and walis tingting to different stalls in the market.
In Dolce Amore (2016), Divisoria made an appearance during Serena's (Liza Soberano) shopping scene, in which she had to find a gown due to the few available styles from top designer boutiques.
In The Gift (2019), Divisoria was featured as the setting of the TV series.
References
Shopping districts and streets in Metro Manila
Tondo, Manila
Binondo
Geography of Manila | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisoria |
Plaza Miranda is a public square bounded by Quezon Boulevard, Hidalgo Street and Evangelista Street in Quiapo, Manila. It is the plaza which fronts the Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene (Quiapo Church), one of the main churches of the City of Manila, and is considered as the center of Quiapo as a whole. Inaugurated in its current form by Mayor Arsenio Lacson in 1961, it is named after José Sandino y Miranda, who served as the Philippines' Secretary of the Treasury between 1833 and 1854.
Regarded as the center of Philippine political discourse prior to the imposition of martial law in 1972, the plaza was the site of the 1971 Plaza Miranda bombing, where two grenades were launched at a political rally of the Liberal Party, killing nine people. It later became the venue of the Movement of Concerned Citizens for Civil Liberties (MCCCL) rally led by Sen. Jose W. Diokno on September 21, 1972, where 50,000 people gathered together to protest the impending martial law declaration of the Marcos dictatorship. Martial law was quickly made official hours after the event. It underwent a ₱49 million renovation in 2000 after decades of neglect as a result of Manila's urban decay in the 1970s and 1980s, giving it a more modern design despite protests from various historical groups and cultural experts, with a monument erected to commemorate bombing victims and additional architectural elements installed. Currently, Plaza Miranda serves as a freedom park, where assemblies and protests may be held without needing a permit from local authorities, and with thousands of people crossing through it every day, it is considered to be Manila's version of Times Square.
Despite fronting the Quiapo Church, Plaza Miranda and the streets surrounding it is known as a center for fortune-telling and the sale of lucky charms and amulets. Most fortune tellers who practice around Plaza Miranda claim that they are able to draw their ability to tell fortunes from their devotion to the Black Nazarene (the patron of the Quiapo Church) despite Catholic Church doctrine deploring the practice.
Architecture
Design and layout
Plaza Miranda has an area of , bounded by the Quiapo Church to the north, Quezon Boulevard to the east, Hidalgo Street to the south and Evangelista Street to the west. The plaza proper, which has a design capacity of 16,074 persons, is paved with granite tiles and is surrounded by Neo-Gothic architectural details which are inspired by the Quiapo Church's architecture, particularly on the western side, which contains two grand entrance arches bearing the coat of arms of Manila. The two grand arches are separated by several smaller arches which form a covered colonnade, incorporating into their design the sea lion found in the coat of arms. A larger, more elaborate grand arch was also constructed on the plaza's south side, at the intersection of R. Hidalgo and Villalobos Streets.
Two of the plaza's four corners contain historical markers. A plaque commemorating the Plaza Miranda bombing in 1971 is installed at the southwest corner, unveiled by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on August 21, 2002, while the southeast corner, fronting Quezon Boulevard, has a high marble obelisk topped by a statue of a woman whose outstretched arms bear a torch, representing freedom. The obelisk is flanked by two columns on each side which are topped with urns made from an alloy of cast iron and bronze, which also serve as gas-fired cauldrons which may be lit for special occasions. The Manila city government declared this particular corner the "Plaridel Corner", after the nom-de-plume of Marcelo H. del Pilar, editor and co-publisher of La Solidaridad, on August 30, 2005, the centenary of del Pilar's death, and the historic plaque, written in Filipino, bears a quotation attributed to the French writer and philosopher Voltaire.
The plaza is lit at night through the use of several floodlights installed at strategic points throughout the area, both on the ground and on top of the colonnade. This and a sound system are controlled electronically from a control room located within the Lacson Underpass, located to the southeast.
Surrounding buildings and structures
Aside from the Quiapo Church, several other notable buildings are located within the vicinity of Plaza Miranda. he most notable buildings within the plaza's vicinity are the F&C Tower (formerly the Picache Building), which formerly housed the headquarters of the Philippine Savings Bank, and the Times Theater, one of Manila's oldest cinemas. Prior to the 1970s, a building which stood opposite the present-day Plaridel Corner featured an electronic news ticker operated by The Manila Times; the building has since been demolished and in its place was built the Plaza Miranda branch of Mercury Drug, whose façade features a large LED display. In 2015, the two displays were replaced with a single large LED display — said to be the largest in Asia — measuring by .
The area around R. Hidalgo Street is also known as the "photographers' haven", owing to the presence of several buildings which house shops offering photography-related services, some of which have been in operation for decades.
Three of the seven entrances to the Lacson Underpass are located within the vicinity of Plaza Miranda: the Carriedo entrance is at the plaza's northwest corner, while the Villalobos entrance is located across from the Plaridel Corner, in front of the Mercury Drug Plaza Miranda. The Paterno entrance meanwhile is located at the northeast corner, beside the Quiapo Church.
See also
List of parks in Manila
List of city squares
References
Miranda
Buildings and structures in Quiapo, Manila
Landmarks in the Philippines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza%20Miranda |
Your Computer may refer to:
Your Computer (Australian magazine), a monthly computer magazine, 1981–1997
Your Computer (British magazine), a monthly computer magazine, 1981–1988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Your%20Computer |
Your Computer was a British computer magazine published monthly from 1981 to 1988, and aimed at the burgeoning home computer market. At one stage it was, in its own words, "Britain's biggest selling home computer magazine". It offered support across a wide range of computer formats, and included news, type-in programs, and reviews of both software and hardware. Hardware reviews were notable for including coverage of the large number of home microcomputers released during the early 1980s.
References
External links
Your Computer at the Internet Archive
Archive of BBC & Electron games published in Your Computer at Acorn Electron World
1981 establishments in the United Kingdom
1988 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Video game magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct computer magazines published in the United Kingdom
Home computer magazines
Magazines established in 1981
Magazines disestablished in 1988
Mass media in Surrey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Your%20Computer%20%28British%20magazine%29 |
Ortaköy Mosque () or Büyük Mecidiye Camii () in Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey, is a mosque situated at the waterside of the Ortaköy pier square, one of the most popular locations on the Bosphorus. It was commissioned by the Ottoman sultan Abdülmecid I and its construction was completed around 1854 or 1856.
This structure is symbolic of the district of Ortaköy as it has a distinctive view of the Bosphorus Strait of Istanbul and the Bosphorus Bridge. The mosque is visible from Bosphorus cruises and ferries.
History
On the site of the present-day Ortaköy Mosque there was previously a small mosque built in 1720 and ruined during the Patrona Halil Uprising in 1731. The current mosque was commissioned by the Ottoman sultan Abdülmecid I and built or completed around 1854 or 1856 (the exact dates of construction vary between scholarly sources). Its architects were Armenian father and son Garabet Balyan and Nikoğos Balyan, who worked as a team and who also designed the nearby Dolmabahçe Palace and the Dolmabahçe Mosque in 1853–1855.
The single dome of the mosque was originally built using bricks. However, the dome developed cracks throughout time and was ready to collapse, so a new dome was reconstructed using concrete. In 1894, there was an earthquake that damaged the mosque, and it also suffered a minor fire in 1984. Thus, the structure has undergone a number of repair and restoration work in its time.
A three-year restoration project by the General Directorate of Foundations was completed in 2014, at a cost of almost 7 million liras. The mosque was officially reopened on 6 June 2014 with a ceremony attended by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the Prime Minister at the time, and other government officials.
Architecture
As with their other projects in Istanbul, the Balyans designed the mosque in a mixed or eclectic style incorporating contemporary European Revivalist trends such as Neoclassical, along with some details and overall design elements drawn from the earlier Ottoman Baroque style. However, it is distinguished from other mosques of the period by its particularly ornate stone-carved decoration.
The building consists of a two-story imperial apartment for the sultan, which has a U-shaped plan, and a main prayer hall for the mosque, which has a square plan covered with one dome. The facades with engaged columns are decorated by carved stone reliefs, giving the mosque a "dynamic appearance". There are two rows of windows providing the mosque with illumination. The reconstructed dome was built from concrete, while stone was used to build the two, slim minarets. The minarets have balconies resembling Corinthian capitals.
The mosque is small in comparison to other mosques on the other side of the Golden Horn. In terms of the interior space, it is modest in scale but the inside is spacious and has wide, tall windows which refract its reflection in water as well as allowing in daylight. Materials like marble and porphyry were used to build the mihrab and minbar. The inside of the dome is adorned with Trompe-l'œil frescoes, which were a feature first introduced to Ottoman architecture during the reign of Abdülmecid I. The trompe-l'œil paintings here include depictions of niche-like windows with curtains as well as rows of mihrabs, executed in a Neo-Renaissance style while also incorporating elements of traditional Islamic architecture and decoration within that style. The mosque's interior also features several panels of calligraphy executed by Abdülmecid I himself, as he was a calligrapher along with being a sultan.
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
Beşiktaş
Bosphorus
Garabet Amira Balyan buildings
Nigoğayos Balyan buildings
Ottoman mosques in Istanbul
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1856
19th-century mosques
Baroque mosques of the Ottoman Empire
19th-century religious buildings and structures in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ortak%C3%B6y%20Mosque |
Portvoller () is a small village on the north tip of the Eye Peninsula (which along with Melbost and Parkend makes up Point), on the Isle of Lewis in northwestern Scotland. It is on the A866 from the Outer Hebrides' only town, Stornoway. Portvoller is within the parish of Stornoway.
About the village
Portvoller's most prominent feature is the Tiumpan Head Lighthouse, which is located at the northernmost tip of the village.
Portvoller is also near some of the Western Isles' best fishing waters, especially rock fishing or beach casting. The headlands that are most popular for these pursuits are known locally as Billy Mor (Bilidh Mhor) and Foitelair (Foitealar). These two fishing hotspots are found about five minutes' walk from the ruined Portvoller slipway—a walk that can be a treacherous clamber after a squall or downpour. The Portvoller slipway is also near to small and secluded Shinega (Sinigeadh) beach.
Etymology
The village name probably originates from the Old Norse word voller (the plural of vollen, still used in some dialects of Norwegian, which denotes a hill that slants upwards gradually). Indeed, this is a quite appropriate description of the village of Portvoller.
In the period from the ninth to the twelfth century, Viking raids on the island would have been commonplace. When Norway occupied Lewis before the Treaty of Perth and the Battle of Largs, Portvoller would have been a principal landing place for arrivals from Norway.
Surrounding villages
The village has several others surrounding it, including Portnaguran, Aird, Broker and Flesherin, all of which are served by the one post office, off-licence and shop. All the aforenamed villages are served by the Western Isles Council in terms of public transport and other services.
References
External links
Photo of Portvoller Bay archive.org
Geograph images of the area around Portvoller
Villages in the Isle of Lewis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portvoller |
The Paris Psalter (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS. gr. 139) is a Byzantine illuminated manuscript, 38 x 26.5 cm in size, containing 449 folios and 14 full-page miniatures. The Paris Psalter is considered a key monument of the so-called Macedonian Renaissance, a 10th-century renewal of interest in classical art closely identified with the emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (909-959) and his immediate successors.
In the classification of Greek biblical manuscripts, it is designated by siglum 1133 (Rahlfs).
Description
The Paris Psalter is a copy of the 150 Psalms of David, translated from Hebrew into demotic Greek. The psalter is followed by the Canticles of the Old Testament, a further series of prayers. Both these texts were particularly well-suited for use by members of the laity in private devotional exercises. The popularity of this use of the psalter is reflected in the numerous extant luxury copies, often lavishly illuminated, made for royal and aristocratic patrons. The Paris Psalter is the pre-eminent Byzantine example of this genre.
The Paris Psalter includes not only the biblical texts, but an extensive interpretive gloss of the entire cycle of prayers. This commentary, which comprises quotations and paraphrases of patristic exegetical works, surrounds the verses. Even though it is written in a smaller pitch than the primary text, the gloss occupies far more of each page than the psalms, which are reduced to a few verses per page. The length of the gloss causes the longer psalms to occupy up to 8 pages.
Glossed biblical texts were usually commissioned by monastic libraries, clerics and theologians. The classical and royal iconography and sumptuousness of the Paris Psalter, however, strongly point to an imperial patron; while the gloss implies a reader with serious intellectual and spiritual inclinations, such as Constantine VII.
The manuscript is written in a minusucule bouletée hand, which closely resembles that of several other Byzantine manuscripts of the same period, including an illuminated gospel book, (Parisinus graecus 70); a Gospel Book (London, British Library Add MS 11 300); a Gospel Book (Venice, Biblioteca Marciana Marcianus graecus I 18); the Acts and Epistles (Oxford, Bodleian Library MS. Canon. Gr. 110); and Basil of Caesarea (Oxford, Corpus Christi 26). These books, along with the Paris Psalter, were, in all likelihood, produced in the same Constantinopolitan scriptorium.
The manuscript’s importance in art history is based on the 14 superb, full-page illuminations that illustrate its texts. These singleton pages were tipped in to the manuscript and are not part of its regular gathering structure. The first seven images preceding the text depict scenes from the life of David, the author of the psalms, who is usually accompanied by personifications. The eighth miniature marks the beginning of the penitential Psalms; and the last 6, depicting Moses, Jonah, Hannah, Ezekiel and Hezekiah, introduce and illustrate the Canticles of the Old Testament. The subject of the miniatures is as follows:
1v: David playing the harp with Melodia (μελωδία) seated beside him;
2v: David kills the lion assisted by Strength (ἰσχύς);
3v: The anointing of David by Samuel, with Lenity (πραότης) observing;
4v: David, accompanied by Power (δύναμις) slays Goliath, as Arrogance (ἀλαζόνεια) flees;
5v: Triumphant Return of David to Jerusalem;
6v: Coronation of David by Saul;
7v: David Stands with a psalter open to Psalm 71, flanked by Wisdom (σοφία) and Prophecy (προφητεία);
136v: Nathan Rebukes David concerning Bathsheba; the Penitence of David with Repentance (μετάνοια);
419v: Moses parting the Red Sea, with personifications of the desert, night, the abyss, and the Red Sea;
422v: Moses Receives the Tablets of the Law;
428v: Hannah thanks God for the birth of Samuel;
431v: Scenes from Jonah;
435v: Isaiah with Night (νύξ) and Dawn (ὄρθρος);
446v: King Hezekiah.
Jean Porcher has assigned the full-page illuminations to five artists, or hands, attributing 6 miniatures to the lead artist, Hand A.
History
The full-blown classicism of the painting style and iconographic parallels with Roman wall painting led 19th-century scholars to date the manuscript to the early 6th century. In the early 20th century, however, Hugo Buchthal and Kurt Weitzmann, took issue with the Late Antique dating, conclusively demonstrating that the fully realized, confident classicism and illusionism of the miniatures were the product of the 10th century, thereby extending the persistence of classical art in Byzantium well into the Middle Ages.
The majority of the full-page illuminations depict key scenes from the life of King David. The iconography of the miniatures alludes to David's authorship of the psalms, but scenes like Samuel anointing David and the Coronation of David by Saul emphasize the former's status as a divinely-appointed ruler. The emphasis on biblical kingship and the studied classicism of the miniatures has led scholars to propose the scholar emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (905 - 959) as the patron and/or owner of the manuscript, which would locate its production in the imperial scriptorium. Known not only for his interest in classical texts, but for his artistic abilities as well, Constantine VII may have directly supervised the team of artists. Whether the psalter was intended for Constantine VII’s personal use, or ordered as a gift for his son, Romanos II at the time of his elevation to the status of co-emperor in 945, its text and images of David would have been interpreted as biblical examples of kingship on which the Christian emperor might model his own rule and moral conduct.
Although the astonishing classicism and emphasis on kingship strongly suggest the imperial patronage of Constantine VII, the earliest documentation of the manuscript takes the form of copies of several of the miniatures that appear in several 13th-century manuscripts. These copies suggest that the manuscript was in the imperial library after the expulsion of the Latin usurpers, and continued to be highly regarded in the Paleologan period.
The provenance proper begins in 1558, when Jean Hurault de Boistaillé, the French ambassador to Constantinople, acquired the book from the Sultan Suleiman I. The acquisition of the book and its price are recorded in an inscription on fol. 1r: Ex bibliotheca Jo. Huralti Boistallerii. Habui ex Constantinopoli pretio coronatorum 100. The library of the Hurault family was acquired for the Bibliothèque du Roi in 1622, which became the core collection of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
Illustrations
(Excluding those illustrated above)
David Composing the Psalms miniature, fol. 1v
David Composing the Psalms (or David the Harpist) miniature depicts David sitting beside a personification of Melody as he composes the Psalms. To the right of David, the nymph Echo watches him play his harp from behind a stele. In the bottom right corner of the painting a semi-nude personification of Mount Bethlehem reclines while wearing a wreath of laurels. David is surrounded by sheep, goats, and a shepherding dog, referencing the myth of Orpheus, who was able to charm animals with his music.
The scene is located in a natural, classical, landscape. There are multiple types of vegetation present in the miniature, including trees, various bushes, and tall reeds. The illustration also has various natural features such as mountains, ravines, and a stream. This setting is potentially alluding to an older Roman mosaic from Tarsus in Cilicia that depicts Orpheus charming animals in a mountainous setting. However, David has the addition of a depiction of the city of Bethlehem in the upper left corner, which contrasts with the rest of the naturalistic setting. The coupling of Melody and David within the painting is also highly reminiscent of classical art. The two figures continue an established trend of depicting linked and loving couples but repurposes the imagery to depict a Christian story.
The David the Harpist miniature functions as an artwork with a dual political and religious meaning. The illustration conveys a religious story, in which David is depicted as a Christ-like figure. Additionally, a more secular interpretation is that within the artwork David is depicted as a model for an ideal king or political leader. This is further enhanced by the imagery in the piece that alludes to the myth of Orpheus, who used his skills to pacify his enemies, much like how he tamed beasts.
David and Goliath miniature, fol. 4v
The David and Goliath miniature, fol. 4v, depicts the final battle between the young David and Goliath, with David defeating Goliath. The painting also represents an encomium, or the praise of a person or thing, in relation to the rulers of Macedonia. The spiritual context, however, builds on the concept of imperial organization being sanctioned by God. The painting can also be viewed as an allusion to Christ's triumph over Satan (spiritual) or the victory of a ruler over an adversary (secular).
The Paris Psalter is very famous within ancient Byzantine art, and although there are other psalters, this is the most famous out of the seventy five illuminated Byzantine psalters. A common theme in the Paris Psalter is the portrayal of ideal rulers, this portrayal is meant to signify their importance in their era and to glorify them.
The story of David and Goliath begins in the valley of Elah, where the Philistine army and Saul's army met in battle. Goliath was a Philistine giant who repeated appeared on a hill to challenge the Saul army, a challenge to which none of Saul's army accepted. David's three older brothers were members of Saul's army, while due to David's young age he stayed at home. Whilst delivering supplies to his brothers on the battlefield, David's pride made him determined to defeat this giant for the sake of his people. With the permission of King Saul, David set out on his mission to defeat Goliath, and the conflicts between them began. Although the identity of the artist of the Paris Psalter and David and Goliath within it remains unknown, this history of conflict between David and Goliath was the inspiration for the depiction of David's victory over Goliath.
Notes
References
Wander, S. (2014). The Paris Psalter (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, cod. gr. 139) and the Antiquitates Judaicae of Flavius Josephus. Word & Image, 30(2), 90-103.
Anderson, J. (1998). Further Prolegomena to a Study of the Pantokrator Psalter: An Unpublished Miniature, Some Restored Losses, and Observations on the Relationship with the Chludov Psalter and Paris Fragment. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, 52, 305-321.
H. Buchthal. (1938). The Miniatures of the Paris Psalter : A Study in Middle Byzantine Painting, Studies of the Warburg Institute, Vol. 2 (London: Warburg Institute, 1968).
Maxwell, Kathleen. (1987). “The Aristocratic Psalters in Byzantium,” Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies, 62, 406.
Lowden, J. (1988). “Observations on Illustrated Byzantine Psalters.” The Art Bulletin, 70(2), 242-260.
External links
Paris Psalter (Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, MS. gr. 139) - Complete high resolution scan of the manuscript on Gallica.
Bibliothèque nationale de France collections
Byzantine illuminated manuscripts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris%20Psalter |
Blizzard Beasts is the fourth studio album by Norwegian black metal band Immortal. It was released on March 20, 1997, through Osmose Productions. It is the last Immortal album to feature the performance of founding member Demonaz Doom Occulta until Northern Chaos Gods (2018) and the first to feature Horgh on drums. Demonaz was later diagnosed with acute tendinitis which prevented him from playing guitar at the required speed for Immortal's music. Stylistically, Blizzard Beasts has primarily songs that are less than three minutes long, contrasting with Immortal's usual longer song lengths.
Release
On the first pressings of the album, the logo was etched into the jewel case front.
Critical reception
AllMusic gave the album an unfavorable review, writing, "Blizzard Beasts [...] sounds like a rush job when compared to the rest of the band's triumphant catalog. The majesty of the group's songwriting is buried in the album's subpar production values, which render the potentially brilliant hyperspeed riffing and drum battery gutless and ineffectual." Chronicles of Chaos noted the album's death metal influence, comparing their sound to that of Morbid Angel's. The website ultimately called it an "unexpected and interesting change for the band, with some fierce and engaging material." Canadian journalist Martin Popoff remarked how the album covered "every facet of stand-alone black metal mayhem" and praised Immortal for playing "the very best no frills black metal on the planet."
Track listing
Personnel
Abbath Doom Occulta – vocals, bass guitar, keyboards
Demonaz Doom Occulta – guitar
Horgh – drums
Charts
References
Immortal (band) albums
1997 albums
Osmose Productions albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard%20Beasts |
The Corps is a series of war novels written by W.E.B. Griffin about the United States Marine Corps before and during the years of World War II and the Korean War. The story features a tightly knit cast of characters in various positions within the Marine Corps, Navy, and upper levels of the United States Government.
List of books
Book I, Semper Fi (1986) - Main action takes place between January 2, 1941 and January 17, 1942.
Book II, Call to Arms (1987) - Main action takes place between December 18, 1941 and August 30, 1942.
Book III, Counterattack (1990) - Main action takes place between December 7, 1941 and August 9, 1942.
Book IV, Battleground (1991) - Main action takes place between June 4 and August 25, 1942.
Book V, Line of Fire (1992) - Main action takes place between Spring and October 11, 1942.
Book VI, Close Combat (1993) - Main action takes place between October 11 and November 19, 1942.
Book VII, Behind the Lines (1996) - Main action takes place between April 7, 1942 and February 8, 1943.
Book VIII, In Danger's Path (1999) - Main action takes place between November, 1941 and May 5, 1943.
Book IX, Under Fire (2002) - Main action takes place between June 1 and September 29, 1950.
Book X, Retreat, Hell! (2004) - Main action takes place between September 28 and November 3, 1950.
Primary characters
Major Kenneth R. "Killer" McCoy, USMCR
First Appearance: Semper Fi
His name is Kenneth R. McCoy, the introductory character of the saga, a Marine Corporal stationed in Shanghai, China with the 4th Marines (the primary component of the China Marines) prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor. Ken has a great affinity for languages and in China learns Japanese, Wu, Mandarin, and Cantonese, which leads to his being assigned to intelligence-gathering convoys by Captain Edward Banning, USMC, the Fourth Marine Regiment's intelligence officer. His fellow Marines call him "Killer" for killing two Italian Marines in self-defense with a baby Fairbairn–Sykes knife (to his great embarrassment), and for having killed 18 Chinese bandits in the employ of the Kempetai with a Thompson submachine gun while on an intelligence mission.
Following the action in which he killed 18 "bandits," he is transferred back to the United States and enters Officer Candidate School to earn a commission as a second lieutenant. After graduating from OCS, he is assigned as an officer courier for intelligence in the Pacific while working for the Marine Corps Office of Management Analysis, a special, little known intelligence group run by Lieutenant Colonel (later Brigadier General) Fritz Rickabee.
While on a courier run just after Pearl Harbor, he manages to make it into the Philippines shortly before the Japanese invasion and reunites with Captain Ed Banning while assisting in the defence of a landing beach. Following an artillery barrage, McCoy carries the wounded Banning to a monastery for treatment. He makes it through enemy lines and is returned to the States. He is awarded a Purple Heart for wounds received and a Bronze Star for his performance under fire and his efforts to save Captain Banning.
McCoy is next assigned to evaluate Lieutenant Colonel Evans Carlson whose methods caused concern among his superiors. He trains for six months with the Marine Raiders in San Diego, and participates in the Raid on Makin Island.
He participates in several secret missions under Brigadier General Fleming Pickering, including landing on Japanese-controlled Mindanao; staging the rescue of two Marines manning a Coastwatcher station on the island of Buka; being sent on "Operation Windmill" by General Pickering to evaluate the sanity of General Wendell Fertig and the resistance potential of his U.S. Forces in the Philippines; and setting up a weather station in the Gobi Desert urgently needed by the Navy and the Army Air Force. During the course of the series he receives a Bronze Star, three Silver Stars, the Distinguished Service Medal, the British Victoria Cross, and the Purple Heart with five stars. Following the success of Operation Gobi, McCoy is promoted to the rank of Major and is ordered to attend the U.S. Army Command and General Staff course, a desirable course which usually is reserved for officers destined for great things, by direction of President Roosevelt.
(Note: The Victoria Cross is an error on the part of the author. Only British and Commonwealth subjects serving in the armed forces were eligible for this medal, the highest award in the British honours system for combat valour. It seems more likely McCoy would have been awarded the Military Cross or the British Distinguished Service Cross.)
Following his return from establishing Station Nowhere in the Gobi Desert in May, 1943, he and Ernestine Sage were married and McCoy attended and graduated from the "long course" at C&GS School. Apart from that assignment, newly promoted Major McCoy continued to work for General Pickering in the OSS until the end of the war, though. After C&GS School the only other assignment specifically mentioned was his accompanying General Pickering on the first flight of Americans into Atsugi Air Base in August, 1945 prior to the formal Japanese surrender. During the period between his graduation and General Pickering's involvement in the Japanese surrender, Ken and Ernie were stationed at the Marine base at Quantico, VA, where his duties were not specified but it may be assumed he was an instructor of some sort, possibly teaching guerrilla operations behind the enemy lines.
Based on the fact that when the story picks up in June, 1950 McCoy is once again a captain, it is clear he was caught up in the reduction-in-force that happened to the armed services after World War II. Due to his lack of a college degree, at some point after World War II ended he was reduced in rank to captain despite having graduated from the Command and General Staff School and having more than enough time in grade to make his promotion permanent. He observed that "The Corps had a – maybe unwritten – policy that if you were reduced in grade, you were transferred ...", which saw the McCoys sent to Japan
Between the end of World War II and the start of the Korean War, McCoy is assigned to Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, General MacArthur's headquarters in Japan as part of its naval element, still working in Intelligence and specializing in Korea. He learns to speak and read Korean, and develops his own network of intelligence sources. Following his submission of a report that directly contradicts General Charles Willoughby's report to MacArthur that all is quiet in Korea, Willoughby attempts to run McCoy out of the Marine Corps. Feeling he has nothing to lose, he contacts his former boss, Fleming Pickering, and asks him to get his report (which, never having been entered into the intelligence filing system by Willoughby, he was able to spirit out of SCAP HQ without anyone noticing) into the hands of the CIA. The report comes to the attention of President Harry Truman and McCoy is retained on active duty.
After the Korean War breaks out, he is co-opted into the CIA by General Pickering, who has been recalled to active duty in the Marine Corps as the CIA Deputy Director for Asia. Once again, Pickering uses McCoy as his eyes and ears on the ground and gives him his head. This results in McCoy setting up an intelligence operation generally similar to that of Mac MacMillan in The Brotherhood of War series. Among other things, McCoy conceives and with the approval of General Pickering carries out the seizure of islands in the Flying Fish Channel in the Inchon approaches that enables Douglas MacArthur to successfully land two divisions there. As a result, he is promoted to Major by General MacArthur, and decorated with the Silver Star.
McCoy successfully rescues Pick Pickering two months after Pick was shot down while shooting up an enemy train and evaded capture by the North Koreans, and continues his intelligence operations in Korea. While this is happening, his wife Ernestine successfully gives birth to a son in Japan after repeated miscarriages.
As The Corps' final book to date (Retreat, Hell!) ends with the Korean War still raging, we know nothing of McCoy's post-Korean War life or assignments.
Colonel Edward C. Banning, USMC
First Appearance: Semper Fi
Introduced as the S-2 (intelligence) officer of the 4th Marines in China, and assigned as McCoy's legal advisor after Ken's killing of the two Italian marines. Initially he wants to plead McCoy guilty, but McCoy refuses, and to the chagrin of the prosecutor McCoy comes up with members of William E. Fairbairn's "Flying Squad" of the Shanghai Police as witnesses.
Banning quickly becomes an integral part of the book as McCoy is slowly indoctrinated into the world of intelligence gathering. After charges are dismissed, Banning sends McCoy on convoys to "get him out of sight", and discovers McCoy has great talent as an observer and evaluator of Japanese military readiness. Also a China Marine, his relationship with McCoy changes from superior officer to peer as the story progresses. Unlike the majority of pre-World War II regular Marine Corps officers, Banning is a graduate of The Citadel, the Military College of South Carolina.
When orders come down transferring the Fourth Marines to the Philippines, Banning marries his longtime lover Ludmilla Zhvikov, a stateless person (a genuine White Russian countess and daughter of a Tsarist general) traveling on a Nansen passport. But for the impending war, this would have destroyed his career; as it is, his superiors barely take note of it. He is forced to leave Milla behind when the regiment sails, as a subordinate of his, Sergeant Ernest Zimmerman, also had to do with his Chinese wife, Mae Su.
After the 4th Marines are moved from Shanghai to the Philippines, he finds himself defending the beaches of Lingayen Gulf (Luzon) during the Japanese invasion. He is temporarily blinded and transferred off Corregidor by submarine with other seriously wounded US servicemen; fortunately, his sight returns before reaching port.
Banning subsequently serves in the Office of Management Analysis and under Brigadier General Pickering in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) during World War II, finishing up the war on the staff of General Joseph Stilwell as an analyst and special cryptographer in charge of the ultra-secret MAGIC Special Channel. Killer McCoy arranges for Ludmilla to be brought out of China as part of Operation Gobi, and Banning reunites with her — and with his son, Edward Edwardovich Banning, whom he had never seen.
At the beginning of the Korean War in Under Fire, he is a colonel in charge of Marine Barracks in Charleston, South Carolina, near retirement, and contemplating a future in real estate development on islands his wealthy family own. Like Ken McCoy, he is co-opted into the CIA by General Pickering, serving on his personal staff until the General, following a meeting with Director Walter Bedell Smith, the new head of the CIA, reassigns him as the CIA's Tokyo station chief.
Nothing is known of Banning's career or life following the Korean War, although in Under Fire a possible path is given. The Banning family owns an island south of Hilton Head, and Banning has in mind developing it as a retirement community for senior military officers who have never owned homes of their own.
Master Gunner Ernest Zimmerman, USMC
First Appearance: Semper Fi
Ernest "Ernie" Zimmerman is a China Marine sergeant who serves with McCoy in Shanghai and operates with him in reconnaissance missions. He was present when a group of Chinese bandits in the pay of the Kempeitai attacked one of the convoys McCoy used as a cover for his intelligence work, killing more than a dozen of them. As a result, he is one of a very few people who can call McCoy "Killer" without incurring McCoy's wrath. Like McCoy, he is fluent in Wu, Cantonese, and Mandarin.
When the 4th Marines are ordered to the Philippines, in November 1941, Zimmermann is forced to leave his Chinese wife, Mae Su, behind. She returns to her home village, bringing Major Banning's wife, Ludmilla Zhivkov, with her. Later, the two and their children become part of a caravan of American soldiers, sailors, and Marines both active duty and retired, who intend to escape the Japanese by crossing the Gobi Desert to India.
Later, Zimmermann serves with McCoy in the Marine Raiders on the Makin Island raid. Following this, Zimmerman serves with VMF-229 in the Pacific during the first months of the Guadalcanal Campaign. At McCoy's request, he assists in landing on the Japanese-held Buka Island to resupply a Coastwatcher base; bringing in new personnel and extracting exhausted USMC personnel. He is then transferred to the OSS at Ken McCoy's request. He takes part in an evaluation mission to General Wendell Fertig in the Philippines to determine if Fertig is sane and in a position to wage guerrilla warfare against the Japanese.
Following this, he is assigned to help McCoy set up a weather station in the Gobi Desert. During that operation, Zimmerman is reunited with his wife and children. The family is evacuated to the United States after General Pickering uses his influence with Senator Fowler of California (a longtime personal friend) to write a private bill granting non-quota immigrant visas to the family. At McCoy's request, Ernie Sage provides the money to help set them up in business in South Carolina.
Following the Gobi Desert assignment in 1943, Zimmerman is promoted to Master Gunner by direction of President Roosevelt. During the Korean War, he serves with McCoy in the CIA in Korea, directly under the command of General Pickering.
Like Colonel Banning, Master Gunner Zimmerman is nearing retirement. The Bannings own an island south of Hilton Head. The Colonel and Mae Su (who is something of an entrepreneuse) are planning to build a retirement community on the island aimed at newly-retired field-grade officers of the military. It is implied that following their retirements, the Colonel and the Gunner will form a development corporation, possibly also including Ken and Ernestine McCoy.
Major Malcolm "Pick" Pickering, USMCR
First Appearance: Semper Fi
On the train from Boston to Philadelphia, McCoy meets a friendly civilian named Malcolm Pickering ("Pick" to his friends). Pick is the son of Fleming Pickering, owner of Pacific and Far East (P&FE) shipping, and Patricia Foster Pickering, heir to the Foster hotel chain (allowing Pick to stay at the exclusive hotels at no cost). He is a Harvard graduate with a degree in hotel management, having learned the business from the bottom up, starting as a busboy and working up to substitute assistant manager. By his own admission, Pick can do any job in the hotel except pastry chef, claiming he could not master handling pastry dough.
After parting company, McCoy and Pick are reunited as classmates in Officers Candidate School at Quantico, Virginia. Following their graduation and commissioning, they remain in touch, occasionally being involved in the same mission.
While Ken acts as an officer courier just before Pearl Harbor, Pick is accepted for flight training and attends flight school at Pensacola. After earning his wings, Pickering transitions into Wildcats and flies with the Cactus Air Force on Guadalcanal. He qualifies as a fighter ace and is decorated with the Distinguished Flying Cross. He is sent back to the States to participate in a War Bond tour, following which he is promoted to captain, qualifies as an F4U Corsair instructor pilot, and is made the executive officer of VMF-262, serving under his friend William "Billy" Dunn, with whom he had flown at Guadalcanal.
Unfortunately, despite his skill as a pilot Pick suffers from a lack of maturity that repeatedly (and deservedly) lands him in hot water. He is also a ladies' man who is sought out by women, whom he frequently beds without considering the consequences. The combination of immaturity and success with the ladies results in his involuntarily volunteering for the Gobi Operation as copilot of one of the PBY-5A Catalinas. Following the success of that mission, he returns to the United States and continues to fly Corsairs for the rest of World War II, shooting down more Japanese and being shot down himself more than once. Women continue to pursue him, and he sometimes pursues them as well through the course of the series.
Pick was promoted to Major while commanding a USMC Reserve fighter squadron shortly before the Korean War. At the same time, he is working as Chief Pilot of Trans-Global Airways, the airline started by his father following the end of the war. His squadron was subsequently activated and deployed to Korea. He gained a reputation for hunting enemy trains, important and dangerous targets, painting locomotive silhouettes on his Corsair to mark each kill, determined to become the Marine Corps' first "Locomotive Ace." Flying combat missions off the escort carrier USS Badoeng Strait, he is shot down over enemy territory after busting yet another locomotive but survives, evades capture, and returns to friendly lines, rescued by Killer McCoy. The experience seemed to finally mature him, coupled with the loss of a lady war correspondent with whom he had been contemplating marriage and subsequently connecting with the widow of another Marine Aviator.
Nothing is known of Pick Pickering's life following the Korean War.
Brigadier General Fleming "Flem" Pickering, USMCR
First Appearance: Semper Fi
Fleming Pickering, father of Pick Pickering, is the owner and chairman of Pacific and Far Eastern Shipping, a large and successful worldwide shipping conglomerate. During the First World War, he was a Marine corporal, and was thrice wounded in action during the Battle of Belleau Wood where he was awarded the Navy Cross (the Navy's second-highest award for valor and the equivalent of the Distinguished Service Cross). During his World War I service, he was also awarded the Silver Star, the World War I Victory Medal, and the French Legion of Honor in the rank of Chevalier, plus the Croix de Guerre. (The wound stripes he was awarded during the war were converted to the Purple Heart plus two gold stars in lieu of the second and third awards when the Purple Heart was reauthorized in 1932.)
Following the war, he went to sea and worked his way up to an unlimited Master's license and several ship commands before his father's unexpected death propelled him to the position of Chairman and CEO of P&FE when he was 26. As Chairman of P&FE, he modernized the company, assigning officers where the company needed them instead of permitting them to monopolize one ship. He has no prejudice against officers who "came up through the hawsepipe" rather than graduating from a maritime academy, having worked his way up from Ordinary Seaman to Captain himself. As improvements in cargo-handling equipment are made, they are installed in his ships and their cargo terminals.
Shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, then-Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox asked him to take a wartime commission as a Navy Captain, to act as Knox's plenipotentiary in the Pacific theater. During this period of his World War II service he was awarded the Silver Star and his fourth Purple Heart after taking command of a destroyer when her skipper was killed in an air attack. Pickering was aboard the destroyer following service as the Acting G-2 of the First Marine Division on Guadalcanal, which volunteering for the job had seriously annoyed Secretary Knox. General Archer Vandegrift recommended him for the Legion of Merit for his service in that role, which medal was awarded to Pickering by President Roosevelt personally.
Pickering was commissioned a Marine Brigadier General and assigned as the Office of Strategic Services Deputy Director for the Pacific by President Roosevelt in an attempt to force Douglas MacArthur to permit the OSS to operate in his theater of operations. Pickering establishes Special Detachment 16 of the Marine Corps to deal with secret missions in the Southwest Pacific Ocean Area that are not entirely supported by Supreme Commander MacArthur. General Pickering stages the relief of an important Coastwatcher station on Buka; a mission codenamed "Operation Windmill" to evaluate the guerrilla potential of General Wendell Fertig's United States Forces in the Philippines; and Operation Gobi, the establishment of a vitally needed weather station in the Gobi Desert.
He also becomes involved in investigating a possible security breach of MAGIC, the top secret communication system and Japanese codebreaking and analysis operation. It falls to General Pickering to determine if the secret has been compromised, which sends him around the world to make the determination. Being able to read the Japanese coded messages is a priceless asset to the Allies, but one which would evaporate if the Japanese realize their codes, which they consider unbreakable, have been broken.
Following the war, Fleming Pickering resumes his position as Chairman and CEO of Pacific and Far East Shipping, but also establishes an airline, Trans-Global Airways, with his pilot son Pick Pickering as its President and Chief Pilot. While on a visit to Tokyo, he is contacted by Captain Ken McCoy. McCoy gives him an intelligence analysis that concludes the North Koreans are readying an attack on South Korea. General Willoughby, MacArthur's Chief of Intelligence, has informed MacArthur that all is quiet in Korea, squashed McCoy's contradictory report, and attempted to railroad McCoy out of the Marine Corps.
Pickering takes the report to the Director of the CIA, who is skeptical of its accuracy but orders an investigation by his station chiefs. When McCoy's report turns out to be right on the mark, Pickering is recalled to active duty as a USMC Brigadier General and is named the CIA's Deputy Director for Asia, essentially the same position he had held in the OSS. He supports McCoy in establishing a secret intelligence and operations group generally similar to Mac MacMillan's Task Force Able in the Brotherhood of War series. He also stages an operation in support of General MacArthur's Inchon landing.
Nothing further of Fleming Pickering's life or career is known.
Major (previously Lieutenant) Robert Macklin, USMC
First Appearance: Semper Fi
Robert Macklin, USMC is a "generally slimy creature" and the epitome of everything a good Marine officer shouldn't be. A Naval Academy graduate, he is regarded with contempt by all officers who know him. He worked for then-Captain Ed Banning in China before the war, but proved to be unfit for intelligence work. After writing a self-serving report on the missionary convoy mission where Corporal Ken McCoy earned the nickname "Killer McCoy," Banning sent him home from China with an efficiency report that should have seen him thrown out of the Corps.
World War II gave him a stay of execution. Assigned to Quantico as a mess officer, he attempted to prevent Ken McCoy from being commissioned. Captain Jack NMI Stecker caught him at it, and the base commander advised him to find another home. He volunteered for the Marine Parachutists, earned his jump wings, and was assigned as a supernumerary officer to the First Battalion of the Para-Marines. Blown off the dock in the assault on Gavutu and wounded in the face and the leg, he had to be pried loose from a dock piling by the corpsmen. He was sent to a hospital in Australia, where Major Jake Dillon recruited him as a "hero" for a war bond tour because while he is a scumbag, he is handsome.
After running a second war bond tour, Macklin volunteered for the OSS, believing he could salvage his career by so doing. A Marine major who did not know Macklin's record arranged for him to be promoted to captain, and because he was available, he was assigned to "Operation Windmill," the OSS's code name for the mission to General Wendell Fertig in the Philippines.
Despite the objections of several officers in Washington who knew Macklin, Secretary of the Navy Knox ordered him sent on Operation Windmill. However, General Pickering, who was staging the operation, gave Lieutenant McCoy, the mission commander, permission to kill Macklin if he got in the way of carrying out the operation. He was not joking. The feeling of the officers involved in the mission was summed up by Captain Ed Sessions, who answered Navy Lieutenant Chambers Lewis's question "If you hate this guy so much, why don't you just drown him?" with "I think that's probably been considered. If anyone had asked me, I would have voted 'yes.' "
Captain Macklin was sent ashore with the rest of the Operation Windmill team. He expected to be pulled out when the first supply submarine arrived, but instead was ordered to remain with United States Forces in the Philippines under the command of an OSS Major. General William Donovan, Director of the Office of Strategic Services, did not want it known that he had sent a paranoid, delusional screw-up into the field, observing to his Deputy Director for Special Projects, "Get somebody competent there in time to get on the sub" (the submarine carrying supplies to the USFIP). "Somebody senior to Macklin ... if Macklin is the idiot everybody seems to think he is, I don't think he should be in a position to give orders." As a result, Macklin spent the rest of the war with the guerrillas in the Philippines, without command responsibilities, until the islands were liberated.
Macklin, now a major, reappears in Under Fire, working in Personnel at Camp Pendleton. With Captain McCoy about to be involuntarily separated from the Marine Corps, Macklin has several plans to make his remaining time as a Marine officer miserable. After Macklin disobeyed the G-1 (Personnel) colonel's order to remain in his office until McCoy, who was on leave prior to separation, was located to be shipped to Washington and duty with the CIA, he is in trouble for disobedience of a direct order. (The Killer's separation had been canceled by the outbreak of the Korean War, though Macklin did not know this. The intelligence analysis he had done predicting the North Korean attack came into the hands of the head of the CIA and President Truman, and he was retained on active duty.)
When the G-1 figured out Macklin's scheme, it is implied Macklin will be assigned to permanent storeroom inventory duty until he takes the hint and submits his resignation.
Supporting characters
Ernestine Sage
First Appearance: Semper Fi
Ernestine "Ernie" Sage is the daughter of a pharmaceutical magnate. The Pickering and Sage families are old friends. Patricia Pickering and Ernie's mother were roommates in college. Ernie and Pick have known each other since childhood. Their parents hoped that Ernie and Pick would fall in love and marry, but they ended up being friends rather than lovers. Ernie meets - and falls in love with - Ken McCoy at a party thrown by Pick Pickering shortly before he and Pick were commissioned. She once confessed that half an hour after they met, she knew she was going to marry Ken.
Ernie is an advertising executive at the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency in New York City, working on the American Personal Pharmaceuticals account, the company owned by her father. However, she has worked her way up to creative director on the APP account at the agency on her own. This connection enables her to drop whatever she was doing any time Ken McCoy is in the vicinity (which can be defined as "anywhere on the East Coast"), and to take extended leaves of absence, including one three month period when they cohabited aboard the yacht Last Time in San Diego as McCoy was preparing for the Makin Island Raid while assigned to the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion.
The couple became engaged just before McCoy set out to deliver the Special Channel equipment to USMMCHI (the United States Military Mission to China) and subsequently to stage and carry out Operation Gobi in March 1943. Ken promised he and Ernie would be married on his return from the mission. When we meet Ernie again in Under Fire, she and Captain McCoy have been married for several years. As with her husband, we know nothing about her life during the latter half of World War II, other than they spent a year stationed at Fort Leavenworth while Ken attended the US Army Command and General Staff College, and another year at Marine Corps Base Quantico. Because she is living with her husband in Tokyo while he is assigned to the naval element at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers, we can presume she is either on an extended leave of absence from J. Walter Thompson or has left the agency, probably the latter. As she pointed out to her father in an earlier book, the income from her trust funds was several times the amount she earned at the ad agency.
When it looked as if the Killer was about to be involuntarily separated from the Corps, she tried to tempt him into joining the Bannings and the Zimmermans in a real estate project which would have had the families building estatelets on land owned by the Bannings on a couple of South Carolina islands. He might have found this a worthwhile thing to do, but was spared the necessity of making a decision when he was called to extended active duty first with the Corps and then with the CIA.
Ernie's desire for children was thwarted by a series of miscarriages. However, after coming under the care of a wise Navy physician and his wiser nurse in Retreat, Hell!, she is successfully delivered of a one month premature healthy baby boy, Pickering Kenneth McCoy.
Nothing further is known of Ernestine Sage's life.
Captain George Hart, USMCR
First Appearance: Line of Fire
George Hart, a St. Louis homicide detective before the war, was conned into the Corps by a zealous (and unscrupulous) recruiter. During boot camp, he was pulled out of training by Lieutenant Ken McCoy, promoted to Sergeant, and assigned to act as Brigadier General Pickering's personal bodyguard. Hart volunteers to accompany McCoy on the Buka rescue operation, going ashore on the island in a rubber raft and remaining alone on the landing beach while McCoy makes contact with the Coastwatchers they have come to extract and brings them out. He was decorated with the Bronze Star for his contribution to the mission.
Afterwards, he was directly commissioned as a second lieutenant USMCR and nominally assigned as one of General Pickering's aides. At the same time, he acquires a collateral duty as a MAGIC cryptographer with a MAGIC code clearance working with Major Pluto Hon, which precludes his further assignment to field operations. Standing orders forbid individuals with MAGIC clearances from engaging in any activities which might place them at risk of being captured by the Japanese.
Following the war, Hart married and had a couple of children. (It is not clear if his wife is a girl from St. Louis, or a reformed call girl he met who fell in love with him during the war.) He remained in the Marine Corps Reserve, transferring to the infantry. He was promoted to Captain while in command of a reserve rifle company at some point before Korea erupted. After his reserve company was broken up and assigned to the replacement depot for the First Marine Division, he was reassigned to serve with CIA Deputy Director for Asian Operations General Fleming Pickering in the same role he had held in World War II, a combination aide and bodyguard.
The readers can presume that following the end of the Korean War, Hart returned to his job as a detective lieutenant with the St. Louis Police Department.
Patricia Pickering
First Appearance: Semper Fi
Patricia Pickering has been the Chairman of the Foster Hotel chain since her father, Andrew Foster, died in the years between World War II and the Korean War. She is the wife of Fleming Pickering and mother to Malcolm ("Pick") Pickering. Notably, while her husband was serving in the Pacific during World War II, she also served as the chairman of Pacific & Far East Shipping, her husband's international company. By the time the Korean War broke out, she appears to be the CEO of Foster Hotels, based in San Francisco but spending a fair bit of time traveling in the course of her duties. She was not at all pleased with Fleming Pickering being recalled to active duty, and at first refused to believe it had been ordered by President Harry Truman personally.
Brigadier General Jack (NMI) Stecker, USMC
First Appearance: Semper Fi
A Medal of Honor recipient during World War I, Jack (NMI - No Middle Initial) Stecker served with Fleming Pickering and Doc McInerney when they were all enlisted men. Like McInerney, Stecker was offered an appointment to the United States Naval Academy; but he turned it down because he wanted to marry.
Jack Stecker first appears as a seasoned Master Gunnery Sergeant who sees more than a little of himself in Ken McCoy and helps him adjust to life at Quantico. He is commissioned as a Mustang Captain, enabling him to stop persecution of McCoy by 1st Lieutenant Macklin, a self-serving (and dishonest; unusual for a career Marine and Naval Academy graduate) officer McCoy knew in China, who had previously given McCoy problems.
Stecker's oldest son, Jack Jr., was an ensign aboard and was killed during the Pearl Harbor attack. His younger son Dick becomes friends with Pick during aviator training at Pensacola, Florida. The two of them flew together from Henderson Field during the Battle of Guadalcanal until Dick was injured in a crash landing of his Wildcat. While this was happening, Captain Stecker was promoted to Major and given command of the Second Battalion of the Fifth Marine Regiment, which he commanded in combat on Gavutu. When Colonel Frank Goettge, Division G-2 of the First Marine Division, was killed on Guadalcanal, Stecker was assigned as the acting G-2 until a replacement for Goettge could be sent to the island.
Following this, he was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel and reassigned to Australia to help the Corps prepare for the transfer of the First Marine Division there for rest, rehabilitation, and re-equipping. General Pickering learned he was there and co-opted him as an expert on guerrilla warfare. (Stecker had served multiple tours in Nicaragua during the Banana Wars of the 1920s.) Pickering intended to send him into the Philippines as the head of the evaluation mission to U.S. Forces in the Philippines, but following his promotion to full colonel and being informed General Vandegrift wanted Stecker as a member of his personal staff, Colonel Stecker became an advisor to the team being sent in under the command of Lieutenant Ken McCoy.
After being transferred back to Washington to Headquarters, USMC Stecker was promoted to Brigadier General and assigned to the staff of General Alexander A. Vandegrift (Marine Corps Commandant). His duties were not made clear; Vandegrift seemed to use him as a troubleshooter and as the Corps' liaison to the Office of Strategic Services because of his relationship with General Pickering, Deputy Director for Pacific Operations.
General Stecker is not mentioned in any of The Corps's novels set in the Korean War era.
Other notable characters
Captain Jim ("Captain Mustache") Carstairs, USMC: Pick Pickering & Dick Stecker's IP (Instructor Pilot) in Pensacola. He reappears in Close Combat, where he got Pickering and Billy Dunn out of a jam with an officious colonel at Pensacola by having them appear at a morale-boosting formation and a mock dogfight in which they whip two of the instructor pilots and their gun camera film teaches the student pilots the reality of combat shooting.
Brigadier General (previously Lieutenant Colonel) Clyde ("The Dawk") Dawkins, USMC: Commanding Officer, MAG-21 on Guadalcanal. Later Deputy Commander of USMC Camp Pendleton during the early days of the Korean War. Dawkins was loyal to the officers who flew for him in the Cactus Air Force, and to officers and senior noncoms he worked with on classified projects. The Dawk had a soft spot in his heart for Pick Pickering, Billy Dunn, and Ken McCoy, going out of his way to assist them when they had difficulties dealing with higher authority, or (especially in Pick's case) found themselves in trouble.
Major Jake Dillon, USMCR: former enlisted China Marine sergeant; a Vice President of Metro-Magnum Studios in peacetime with a wide circle of friends, from stuntmen to major movie stars. He returns to wartime duty in the Corps as a Major in the Public Affairs office. Major Dillon led a team of Marine combat correspondents during the Guadalcanal Campaign, and put together a documentary short subject from the footage shot by his men, from the preparations for the invasion to the Marines turning the island over to the U.S. Army to mop up the few remaining Japanese. Dillon was co-opted by General Pickering into the OSS because of his renowned skills as a problem-solver and troubleshooter. His resourcefulness was essential to the successful staging of Operation Gobi.
Major (previously Lieutenant) Hon Son "Pluto" Do, USA: Signals & Cryptographic officer attached to MacArthur's headquarters in Australia. A graduate and PhD out of MIT, he was recruited into the Signal Corps by Brigadier General H.A. Albright, a cryptographic genius who reverse-engineered the German Enigma machine and set up the Special Channel communications system. Pluto is a gifted intelligence analyst as well as a crypto officer; and frequently is invited to play bridge with General and Mrs. MacArthur, much to the displeasure of the Bataan Gang at SWPOA headquarters.
Lieutenant Colonel (previously Lieutenant) William Dunn, USMC: Executive officer, and later Acting CO, of VMF-229. After transitioning into F4U Corsairs, Dunn became the CO of VMF-262. In the Korean War, Lieutenant Colonel Dunn becomes the group commander of the three Marine fighter squadrons embarked in the escort carrier . Billy is a fighter ace, a superb combat commander, and frequently despairs of his scapegrace friend, former wingman, and subordinate aboard the Badoeng Strait, Pick Pickering.
Eric Feldt, Lieutenant Commander, RAN: director of the Coastwatcher organization.
Ellen Feller: wife of a Christian missionary in China, married to a homosexual minister. Ellen enters the story when she accompanies McCoy on a convoy sent out to seek intelligence on the Japanese. She seduces and uses McCoy for her own ends, then dumps him. She reappears as a civilian linguist & analyst, first attached to Naval Intelligence in Washington; later attached to MacArthur's Australia headquarters in connection with MAGIC. As a result of her sexual appetites and the military secrets she knows, when her actions threaten the security of MAGIC she is shipped back to the United States and confined to an insane asylum, presumably St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Washington, DC.
Richardson Fowler: Junior Senator from California. Longtime friend of Fleming Pickering, President Roosevelt describes Richardson, who owns several newspapers and radio stations, as "the chief of my more-or-less loyal opposition."
Captain (previously Technical Sergeant) Charles Galloway, USMC: Commanding Officer, VMF-229. Gets into serious trouble when he flies a fighter assembled from pieces of several wrecked F4F Wildcats at Pearl Harbor to the USS Saratoga enroute to Wake Island, that is not expecting him. Directly commissioned by Marine Commandant Holcomb personally, he is put in command of VMF-229. Flying Wildcats off Guadalcanal, Galloway became an ace. While there, he flew a modified C-47 Gooney Bird as part of the Buka rescue operation. Following transitioning into Corsairs, VMF-229 becomes the Corps' dumping ground for Marine Aviators regarded as screw-ups, including Pick Pickering. It was said Galloway took pilots no one else could handle and made superb pilots and officers out of them.
Captain David Haughton, USN: Executive Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy. While his main function is to act as the gatekeeper to those wishing access to Frank Knox, he also is a sort of liaison officer to the Office of Management Analysis and the Office of Strategic Services via General Pickering. His performance in this role is superlative, though he would much rather be at sea in command of a ship, as he wistfully mentions from time to time.
Lieutenant General (previously Major General) Thomas Holcomb: Commandant of the Marine Corps; later relieved by Lieutenant General Alexander Archer Vandegrift.
Caroline Howell: Ed Banning's love interest after returning from the Philippines. A rich divorcee, she met Banning at the New York Public Library when he requested all the Shanghai newspapers and magazines from the date the Fourth Marines sailed for the Philippines until the city fell to the Japanese. Despite Banning's telling her at the beginning that he was married and searching for news of his wife, the two begin a friends with benefits relationship that develops into a love affair. Had Ludmilla not survived, it seems likely Caroline and Banning would have married. However, when Banning is transferred to USMMCHI in connection with Operation Gobi (with the possibility of learning the fate of his wife), Caroline angrily breaks up with him.
Frank Knox: wartime Secretary of the Navy.
Staff Sergeant Thomas McCoy, USMCR: Ken McCoy's ne'er-do-well younger brother. A Marine Raider, he was promoted to sergeant, possibly as a reward for shooting up a Kawanishi H8K seaplane with a Boys anti-tank rifle so badly it crashed on takeoff during the Makin Island Raid. He was awarded the Medal of Honor for valor above and beyond the call of duty on Guadalcanal at the Battle of Bloody Ridge. After Guadalcanal, he was nicknamed "Machinegun McCoy" by the press and sent back to the United States for a war bond tour, with two tough Marine gunnery sergeants to keep him in line. (Thomas McCoy is possibly based on Staff Sergeant "Manila John" Basilone, the hero of the Battle for Henderson Field, whose actions in that battle were very similar to McCoy's on Bloody Ridge as described in the books.) There is no further information presented in any of the later books. It is not known if Sergeant McCoy survived World War II. If he was in fact based on Manila John Basilone, the chances are he did not.
Carolyn McNamara: Girlfriend of Charles Galloway. An upperclass divorcee who dumped her banker husband after he was caught in flagrante delicto with his chippy of a secretary, she meets and immediately falls in love with Galloway in much the same way Ernie Sage fell for Ken McCoy. Although it is plain the two are in love, it is not clear when or if they will marry. As there is no mention of Galloway following the successful staging of Operation Gobi, the question remains open.
Major General (previously Brigadier General) D.G. "Doc" McInerney, USMC: Director of Marine Corps Aviation. He and Fleming Pickering were two of Sergeant Jack Stecker's corporals in World War I, and were present when Stecker earned his Medal of Honor. Offered an appointment to Annapolis following the war, he accepted it and graduated (probably in the Class of 1922). He got into Marine Aviation early, and fought alongside then-Sergeant "Big Steve" Oblensky in Nicaragua during the Banana Wars. He kept in touch with both Stecker and Pickering over the years, eventually becoming Director of Marine Corps Aviation. In that role, he rescued Pick Pickering from the role Personnel had had in mind for him, which was as a mess and officer's club officer, arranging for him to become a pilot. After advising Fleming Pickering there was nowhere in the Corps his skills could be put to good work, he was pleased when Pickering became Secretary of the Navy Knox's eyes and ears. He worked with General Pickering on a number of occasions, most notably in connection with the Buka rescue operation and Operation Gobi. Following the events of In Danger's Path, nothing more is known of General McInerney's life and career.
Lieutenant John Moore, USMCR: cryptographic & analysis officer attached to the Office of Management Analysis. The son of Christian missionaries, he was born and raised in Japan. He speaks fluent Japanese and knows the Japanese culture and mind as only someone immersed in it for years can know it. Pulled from boot camp and promoted to sergeant, Moore is sent to Brisbane to assist Pluto Hon, he deduces what MAGIC is and becomes a cryptographic analyst. He is seduced by Ellen Feller, who has also been sent to assist Pluto. When their relationship becomes inconvenient to Feller, she fails to prevent his transfer to Guadalcanal (where, as someone with knowledge of MAGIC, he should never have been sent) as an intelligence analyst to replace a lieutenant killed in action. He suffers shrapnel wounds while on a patrol to gather information about enemy intentions. When General Vandegrift learns Moore knows what MAGIC is, he is immediately medevacked to Australia. He is treated for his wounds by a nurse who falls for him, and he for her. Given the affectionate nickname of "Gimpy" by his fellow dungeon-dwellers because he walks with a limp, he is a valuable member of the intelligence staff. When the decision was made to provide Chiang Kai Shek with MAGIC capability, Moore is reassigned to Chungking under Colonel Ed Banning as an cryptographer and analyst. Nothing further is known of Moore's career, although it may be presumed he married his nurse/lover. While stationed in Australia, they could not marry because their wedding would have resulted in her being transferred Stateside due to the regulations in effect at the time.
Brigadier General (previously Lieutenant Colonel) Fritz Rickabee, USMC: Commanding Officer, Office of Management Analysis. Appropriately for a senior intelligence officer, Griffin gives the reader little background information on Rickabee. Presumably a graduate of the Naval Academy, when the readers meet him he is already the head of Management Analysis, a cover name for a secret intelligence gathering and analysis organization which reports directly to the Secretary of the Navy. Although their existence is known to the head of Marine Intelligence and Management Analysis works with them, they answer directly to the Secretary. Rickabee built the organization up from nothing and is very careful who is recruited into it. He was one of the officers who press-ganged Ken McCoy into OCS, because he could do more for the Corps as an officer than an enlisted man. When Fleming Pickering was transferred from the Navy back into the Marines at the direction of President Roosevelt and assigned to head up the Office of Management Analysis, Rickabee was seriously annoyed. His annoyance did not last long, however, once he got to know Pickering and realized that despite the fact he was a general he still thought like a Marine sergeant. The two achieved mutual respect. Pickering was responsible for Rickabee's promotion to Brigadier General, succeeding him as the head of Management Analysis, and for maintaining the independence of Management Analysis. William Donovan of the OSS wanted the organization subsumed into the Office of Strategic Services, reasoning that all responsibility for worldwide intelligence belonged to him; and was a longtime friend of FDR. Pickering convinced the President that Management Analysis would be more use to the nation as an independent group than it would as cogs in the OSS. The office retained its independence, continuing to report directly to the Secretary of the Navy. Following the successful establishment of Station Nowhere in the Gobi Desert, Rickabee is not seen again in the series.
Major (previously Lieutenant) Edward Sessions, USMC: officer attached to the Office of Management Analysis. A graduate of the Naval Academy, we first meet him as a lieutenant in Semper Fi. He is an intelligence officer masquerading as a Christian missionary who is given the standard Japanese humiliate-the-round-eyes treatment before coming under Ken McCoy's wing and successfully completing his mission. Promoted to captain, he returns to the United States. After McCoy's graduation from OCS and assignment to the Office of Management Analysis, Sessions helps him with the transition to commissioned status. Over the course of the World War II portion of the series, he assists McCoy in preparation for a number of his assignments, working behind the scenes. He is married with one son. This sometimes bothers McCoy, as Sessions and his wife Jeannie are the epitome of family bliss that Ernie Sage frequently throws up at him as arguments in favor of their getting married. Nevertheless, Ed and Ken are close.
First Lieutenant Dick Stecker, USMC: Jack Stecker's son and Pick Pickering's buddy. The second son of Jack and Elly Stecker (his older brother died aboard the on December 7, 1941), he chose to attend West Point instead of following his brother to Annapolis. (Qualified children of recipients of the Medal of Honor are entitled to admission to any of the service academies without an appointment and with no regard for quota requirements.) Following his commissioning as a second lieutenant, USMC, he reported to NAS Pensacola, where he met and roomed with Pick Pickering. The two were rated as Naval Aviators in F4F Wildcats and flew with the Cactus Air Force on Guadalcanal. All of the Marine pilots were aware of the shortage of fighter planes on Guadalcanal and went to extremes to bring their planes back to Henderson Field. Stecker tried to stretch a glide in a crippled Wildcat, and the airplane tumbled when a tire blew. Seriously injured in the crash, Stecker was repatriated to the States and sent to a naval hospital specializing in orthopedics in the Philadelphia area. When last seen, he had improved to the point he could walk with a cane, and was working to get physically fit and pass the flight physical. It is not clear whether he returned to flying duty.
Major General Alexander Archer Vandegrift: Commanding General, 1st Marine Division; later served as Commandant of the Marine Corps.
Captain (previously Lieutenant) James Weston, USMC: A Catalina pilot who was stranded in the Philippines just after the war began. With the tacit permission of his commanding officer, Weston escaped to Mindanao before the fall of Corregidor to fight as a guerrilla. Picking up other soldiers who had refused to surrender along the way, he links up with Brigadier General Wendell Fertig and becomes the Intelligence Officer of the U.S. Forces in the Philippines. Sent out of the Philippines to brief Generals Pickering and MacArthur by Killer McCoy (acting on Pickering's orders), he is decorated with the Silver Star. While on leave in Hawaii, he meets Charley Galloway and is rated in the Corsair. He is then caught up in the military system and sent to be evaluated before being sent on leave in accordance with standard procedures for repatriated prisoners of war. He meets and falls for a Navy nurse, and while being requalified in Catalinas meets the widow of an old friend, the daughter of an admiral, and they fall in love as well. Torn between the two, Weston volunteers for Operation Gobi, where he serves as the pilot of one of the two Cats used on the operation. His women troubles are exacerbated by Pick Pickering, his copilot, who is in love with the admiral's daughter but was spurned. Following the success of Operation Gobi, Weston is repatriated, his women problem unresolved. (Pick Pickering, prior to learning the second woman in Weston's life was the same one at Pensacola he was in love with, advised him to break it off with the nurse, accepting the screaming and probably face-slapping this would cause as the price to be free to marry the one in Florida. It seems probable this is how he solved the problem.) We learn nothing further of Weston's career following Operation Gobi.
Ludmilla Zhivkov: Ed Banning's White Russian wife. Daughter of a former Imperial Russian general who is also a count of the Russian aristocracy. After the collapse of the White Army following the Russian Civil War, she and her parents had to flee what was now the Soviet Union to Shanghai, China, becoming stateless persons. She inherits the title and rank of countess upon the death of her father. She earns her living as a private language teacher, and met Ed Banning when he wished to improve his Chinese and learn Russian. Following her escape from Japanese-occupied China after marrying Banning, she and their son Edward Edwardovich settle in with Banning's parents in Charleston, South Carolina. After the war, while Banning was Commandant of the Marine Barracks in Charleston and also instructing at The Citadel, she assists one of Banning's cadets with a report on the Imperial Russian General Staff, and points out her father in a photo in one of his books to him. Shortly afterwards, Ludmilla Banning becomes known to the entire Corps of Cadets, with profound respect, as "the Countess". We learn in Retreat Hell! that Mrs. Banning has been diagnosed with, and is being treated for, breast cancer.
General Joseph Stilwell, Chief of the U.S. Military Mission to China and Chief of Staff to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek.
Lieutenant (previously Corporal) Robert Easterbrook, USMC: a short, skinny enlisted combat correspondent on Guadalcanal, fresh from Parris Island and forced to grow up fast in the heat of combat while assigned to the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion. His ears redden with anger or embarrassment, earning him the nickname "the Easterbunny" among his peers (much to his irritation). After he returns to the US for a war bond tour, he is directly commissioned by the USMC Director of Public Affairs for the incredible combat footage and photos he took on Guadalcanal. He was also identified in a national news story by Thomas "Machinegun" McCoy as "the bravest man on Bloody Ridge," whom McCoy had believed to be dead, for his attempt to carry his mortally wounded captain to an aid station, in the words of Gunny Zimmerman, while "trying to carry his officer down that fucking hill with every fucking Jap this side of Tokyo shooting at him." Taken onto General Pickering's staff, Easterbrook is qualified as a MAGIC cryptographer and accompanies Colonel Banning to USMMCHI to assist him with the heavy workload of MAGIC traffic at General Stilwell's headquarters, where it is implied he remains for the rest of the war.
Lieutenant General Edward Mallory "Ned" Almond, USA: Commander of X Corps in Korea.
References
External links
The official W.E.B Griffin Website
The Corps series page at webgriffin.com
Novels set during the Korean War
Novels set during World War II
Novel series
Novels about the United States Marine Corps | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Corps%20Series |
1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene is a cyclic diene with the formula , often written , where Me is . It is a colorless liquid.
1,2,3,4,5-Pentamethylcyclopentadiene is the precursor to the ligand 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, which is often denoted Cp* () and read as "C P star", the "star" signifying the five methyl groups radiating from the core of the ligand. Thus, the 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene's formula is also written Cp*H. In contrast to less-substituted cyclopentadiene derivatives, Cp*H is not prone to dimerization.
Synthesis
Pentamethylcyclopentadiene is commercially available. It was first prepared from tiglaldehyde and 2-butenyllithium, via 2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopent-2-enone, with a Nazarov cyclization reaction as a key step.
Alternatively, 2-butenyllithium adds to ethyl acetate followed by acid-catalyzed dehydrocyclization:
Organometallic derivatives
Cp*H is a precursor to organometallic compounds containing the ligand, commonly called Cp*−.
Some representative reactions leading to such Cp*–metal complexes follow:
Deprotonation with n-butyllithium:
Cp*H + C4H9Li → Cp*Li + C4H10
Synthesis of (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)titanium trichloride:
Cp*Li + TiCl4 → Cp*TiCl3 + LiCl
Synthesis of (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)iron dicarbonyl dimer from iron pentacarbonyl:
2 Cp*H + 2 Fe(CO)5]] → [η5-Cp*Fe(CO)2]2 + H2 + 6 CO
This method is analogous to the route to the related Cp complex, see cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer.
Some Cp* complexes are prepared using silyl transfer:
Cp*Li + Me3SiCl → Cp*SiMe3 + LiCl
Cp*SiMe3 + TiCl4 → Cp*TiCl3 + Me3SiCl
A now-obsolete route to Cp* complexes involves the use of hexamethyl Dewar benzene. This method was traditionally used for preparation of the chloro-bridged dimers [Cp*IrCl2]2 and [Cp*RhCl2]2, but has been discontinued with the increased commercial availability of Cp*H. Such syntheses rely on a hydrohalic acid induced rearrangement of hexamethyl Dewar benzene to a substituted pentamethylcyclopentadiene prior to reaction with the hydrate of either iridium(III) chloride or rhodium(III) chloride.
Comparison to other Cp ligands
Complexes of pentamethylcyclopentadienyl differ in several ways from the more common cyclopentadienyl (Cp) derivatives. Being more electron-rich, Cp*− is a stronger donor and dissociation, like ring-slippage, is more difficult with Cp* than with Cp. The fluorinated ligand, (trifluoromethyl)tetramethylcyclopentadienyl, C5Me4CF3, combines the properties of Cp and Cp*: it possesses the steric bulk of Cp* but has electronic properties similar to Cp, the electron-donation from the methyl groups being "canceled out" by the electron-accepting nature of the trifluoromethyl substituent. Its steric bulk stabilizes complexes with fragile ligands. Its bulk also attenuates intermolecular interactions, decreasing the tendency to form polymeric structures. Its complexes also tend to be more soluble in non-polar solvents. The methyl group in Cp* complexes can undergo C–H activation leading to "tuck-in complexes". Bulky cyclopentadienyl ligands are known that are far more sterically encumbered than Cp*.
See also
Cyclopentadiene
Methylcyclopentadiene
References
Cyclopentadienes
Ligands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentamethylcyclopentadiene |
Georg August Wallin (Yrjö Aukusti Wallin, aka Abd al-Wali; 24 October 1811 – 23 October 1852) was a Finnish orientalist, explorer and professor remembered for his journeys in the Middle East during the 1840s.
The Finnish translators of Wallin's letters state that Wallin has become a kind of "patron saint of Finnish oriental research". Among other things, the Finnish Oriental Society holds its annual meeting on his birthday. Internationally, it has been estimated that Wallin was one of the most capable Europeans to set foot in Arabia. His qualifications have been compared to U. J. Seetzen and J. L. Burckhardt, because he has been characterized as an Arabian scholar as the first modern explorer to prepare carefully for his mission, with no intention of leaving anything new to be said to his future. Wallin's notes were inaccurate, but he did not carry other research tools with him.
Kaj Öhrnberg notes in his book that Wallin's international reputation was at its highest right after his research trips. He was the first to collect Bedouin poetry and make observations of Bedouin dialects; his observations of Arabic phonetics remained important until the 20th century; he was the first to delve into the study of spoken Arabic. Today, however, Wallin has become a footnote to textbooks after research has gone past him.
Biography
Wallin was born in the municipality of Sund, Åland in 1811, and his parents were registrar Israel Wallin (1777–1839) and Johanna Maria Ahrenberg (1779–1854). He attended Cathedral School of Åbo in Turku and moved to Rauma with the school after the Great Fire of Turku in 1827. The following year, however, he dropped out of school and studied privately. In 1829 he enrolled to study Oriental Languages at the University of Helsinki, graduating with an MA in 1836. He then began writing a dissertation about Arabic and Persian, while working as a librarian in the university library.
In 1839 he travelled to St. Petersburg, where he met Sheikh Muhammad 'Ayyad al-Tantawi and learned more about the Middle East. He made his first expedition to the area in 1843.
When Wallin went for his expeditions he portrayed himself as a Muslim and took the name Abd al-Wali in order to get closer to his subjects. Many people believe Wallin converted to Islam, but there is no proof to support that claim in his diaries and letters. His grave in Hietaniemi cemetery in Helsinki has his Arabic name engraved in Arabic letters. He is buried in a Christian cemetery.
He visited Mecca in 1845, a city otherwise forbidden to non-Muslims, on his first expedition, which took him from Cairo to Ma'an, Al Jauf, Jubba, Ha'il, Medinah, Mecca, and Jiddah.
On his second expedition between 1846 and 1848, he visited Palestine and Persia. During this time he may have adopted Islam, although his writings indicate scepticism toward religion.
By 1850 Wallin had returned to Europe, where the Royal Geographical Society published his Notes taken during a Journey through part of Northern Arabia and awarded him a 25 guinea prize in recognition of his ground-breaking research. Wallin completed his doctoral thesis in 1851 and was subsequently appointed Professor of Oriental Literature at the University of Helsinki.
He was asked by both the Royal and Russian Geographical Societies to mount another expedition to the Middle East, but he declined, perhaps in part due to failing health.
He wrote that he found European culture oppressive and that he "couldn't adapt [him]self to Europe any more". Wallin died unexpectedly on 23 October 1852, only three years after his return to Finland and a day before his forty-first birthday.
Wallin's collected journey writings were published posthumously in the 1860s, edited by S. G. Elmgren. A complete edition of his writings was published in Swedish language (partially in translations) during 2010–2017. An English-language and an Arabic-language translation of this edition are being planned.
Bibliography
Notes Taken During a Journey Though Part of Northern Arabia in 1848. Published by the Royal Geographical Society in 1851. (Online version.)
Narrative of a Journeys From Cairo to Medina and Mecca by Suez, Arabia, Tawila, Al-Jauf, Jubbe, Hail and Nejd, in 1845, Royal Geographical Society, 1854
William R. Mead, G. A. Wallin and the Royal Geographical Society, Studia Orientalia 23, 1958.
Georg Wallin, reprinted in Travels in Arabia, New York: Oleander Press, 1979:
Notes taken during a Journey through part of Northern Arabia, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 20, 1851.
Narrative of a Journey from Cairo to Medina and Mecca, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 24, 1854.
Narrative of a Journey from Cairo to Jerusalem, Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 25, 1855.
Georg August Wallins Reseanteckningar från Orienten, åren 1843–1849: Dagbok och bref. (Four volumes.) Efter resandens död utgifna af S. G. Elmgren. Helsingfors 1864–1866.
Yrjö Aukusti Wallin ja hänen matkansa Arabiassa by Julius Krohn (at Project Gutenberg).
Wallin, Georg August: Skrifter 1: Studietiden och resan till Alexandria. Utgivna av Kaj Öhrnberg och Patricia Berg under medverkan av Kira Pihlflyckt, Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, Helsingfors 2010. (Online version.)
Wallin, Georg August: Skrifter 2: Det första året i Egypten 1843–1844. Utgivna av Kaj Öhrnberg och Patricia Berg under medverkan av Kira Pihlflyckt, Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, Helsingfors 2011. (Online version.)
Wallin, Georg August: Skrifter 3: Kairo och resan till Övre Egypten 1844–1845. Utgivna av Kaj Öhrnberg och Patricia Berg under medverkan av Kira Pihlflyckt, Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, Helsingfors 2012. (Online version.)
Wallin, Georg August: Skrifter 4: Färderna till Mekka och Jerusalem 1845–1847. Utgivna av Kaj Öhrnberg och Patricia Berg under medverkan av Kira Pihlflyckt, Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, Helsingfors 2013. (Online version.)
Wallin, Georg August: Skrifter 5: Norra Arabiska halvön och Persien 1847–1849. Utgivna av Kaj Öhrnberg, Patricia Berg och Kira Pihlflyckt, Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, Helsingfors 2014. (Online version.)
Wallin, Georg August: Skrifter 6: Resan hem via London 1849–1850. Utgivna av Kaj Öhrnberg, Patricia Berg och Kira Pihlflyckt, Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, Helsingfors 2015. (Online version.)
Wallin, Georg August: Skrifter 7: Professorsåren i Helsingfors 1850–1852. Utgivna av Kaj Öhrnberg, Patricia Berg och Kira Pihlflyckt, Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, Helsingfors 2016. (Online version.)
Wallin, Georg August: Skrifter: Appendix. Material nedtecknat på Arabiska halvön 1845–1848. Utgivna av Kaj Öhrnberg, Patricia Berg och Kira Pihlflyckt, Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, Helsingfors 2017. (Online version.)
Literature
Patricia Berg, Sofia Häggman, Kaj Öhrnberg, Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila & Heikki Palva; Nina Edgren-Henrichson (Editor): Dolce far niente in Arabia: Georg August Wallin and His Travels in the 1840s. Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen 2014. ISBN 978-87-635-4304-0
References
External links
Georg August Wallin. 375 humanists on 7 March 2015. University of Helsinki.
1811 births
1852 deaths
Explorers of Asia
Explorers of Arabia
Writers from Åland
Christian Hebraists
Academic staff of the University of Helsinki
Finnish orientalists
Arabists
Burials at Hietaniemi Cemetery
Finnish explorers
Hajj accounts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20August%20Wallin |
Michael Donald Novak (April 23, 1915 – August 15, 1978) was an American professional basketball player. He played in the NBL, BAA, and NBA from 1939 to 1954. A 6'9" center from Loyola University Chicago, he was one of the first prominent "big men" to play professional basketball, averaging 8.5 points per game over the course of his career as a member of the Chicago Bruins, Chicago Studebaker Flyers, Sheboygan Red Skins, Syracuse Nationals, Rochester Royals, and Philadelphia Warriors.
Novak was the seventh-highest scorer in the history of the 12-season NBL. Some of his greatest seasons came during his middle years, with the Sheboygan Red Skins. He joined the team in 1943–44, played in all 22 games and helped Sheboygan to a 14-8 record, good for second place in the four-team league. He scored 92 points during the regular season. In the playoffs, Sheboygan advanced to the NBL finals opposite the Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons, who won the title.
In 1944–45, Novak teamed with 6-7 forward Eddie Dancker to form the league's best 1-2 punch in the middle. He increased his scoring to 233 points in 27 games, and Western Division champion Sheboygan (19-11) again advanced to the finals to play Fort Wayne. The Red Skins won the first two games of the best-of-five series, only to get swept in the next three.
The following season, Novak was named a second-team choice on the all-league team. He scored 310 points in 34 games for Hall of Famer Dutch Dehnert's Red Skins, who won the Western Division title with a 21-13 record and advanced to the NBL championship series against the powerful Rochester Royals, who included Hall of Famers Al Cervi, Bob Davies and Red Holzman. Rochester, which would win the NBA championship five years later, swept Sheboygan for the title.
After only three games in 1946–47, Novak was dealt to the Syracuse Nationals. Doxie Moore had replaced Dehnert as Sheboygan's head coach.
Novak scored 2,281 points in nine NBL seasons, 320 in one BAA season and 100 in two NBA seasons.
BAA/NBA career statistics
Regular season
Playoffs
External links
1915 births
1978 deaths
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Chicago
Centers (basketball)
Chicago Bruins players
Chicago Studebaker Flyers players
Loyola Ramblers men's basketball players
Philadelphia Warriors players
Rochester Royals players
Sheboygan Red Skins players
Syracuse Nationals players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Novak |
All Dogs Go to Heaven: The Series is an American animated television series, which aired from 1996 to 1998 in syndication and on Fox Family from 1998 to 1999 with 40 half-hour episodes produced in total. Don Bluth's 1989 animated feature All Dogs Go to Heaven featured a disreputable mongrel (with a mixture of a German Shepherd) named Charlie who died, went to heaven, escaped back to Earth for vengeance on his murderer and then found redemption with the help of a young orphan girl named Anne-Marie. It spawned a 1996 sequel, All Dogs Go to Heaven 2. The series takes place after the second film.
Most of the voice actors from the films reprised their roles in the series, including Dom DeLuise, Ernest Borgnine, Charles Nelson Reilly, Bebe Neuwirth, Sheena Easton and Adam Wylie. Steven Weber provided the speaking and singing voices of Charlie B. Barkin, who was voiced in the films by Burt Reynolds and Charlie Sheen (and singing voice provided in the second film by Jesse Corti). A direct-to-video Christmas special An All Dogs Christmas Carol serves as the finale.
Plot
Following the events of All Dogs Go to Heaven 2, Charlie and Itchy reside in San Francisco as guardian angels. In each episode, Annabelle assigns them a task, and while they always try to do the right thing, they consistently get stuck in awkward situations. Charlie's duplicitous enemy Carface and his sidekick, Killer – returning from the first film – also appear, as did Charlie's friends: the Irish Setter Sasha; the whippet angel Annabelle, and the human boy David. The series also introduces three new characters: Bess, an award-winning, purebred show dog and Itchy's romantic interest; Lance, a by-the-book Doberman Pinscher, whom Charlie is jealous of for his heroic acts; and Belladonna, Annabelle's demonic cousin.
Episodes
Voice cast
Steven Weber as Charles "Charlie" B. Barkin
Dom DeLuise as Itchiford "Itchy Itchiford" Dachshund
Bebe Neuwirth as Annabelle / Belladonna
Sheena Easton as Sasha la Fleur
Adam Wylie as David
Ernest Borgnine as Carface Caruthers
Charles Nelson Reilly as Killer
Carlos Alazraqui as Otto
Tress MacNeille as Winifred Bessamay "Bess" de Winkerville / Gerta
Kevin Michael Richardson as Manfred
Mark Benninghofen as Lance the Wonder Pup
Jess Harnell and Steve Mackall as The Blueshounds
April Winchell as Tiffany
Music
Mark Watters wrote the show's score. Some episodes feature a song, which was more frequent in the first two seasons, and season 3 only has one. "The Perfect Dog" and "Take the Easy Way Out" earned the series two Daytime Emmy nominations for Outstanding Original Song.
Home media
In the 1990s, several VHS compilations were released, each with two episodes. In 2006, two volumes were released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, each containing four episodes. The entire series is available for digital download on iTunes. In Spring 2011, the entire series became available on YouTube through MGM Digital Media.
In December 2013, TGG Direct released All Dogs Go to Heaven: The Series - Complete Series on region 1 DVD. The 7-disc set features all 40 episodes, alongside An All Dogs Christmas Carol.
See also
List of films about angels
Notes
References
External links
1990s American animated television series
1990s American sitcoms
1996 American television series debuts
1998 American television series endings
All Dogs Go to Heaven
American animated sitcoms
American children's animated adventure television series
American children's animated comedy television series
American children's animated fantasy television series
Angels in television
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Fox Family Channel original programming
Seven Network original programming
Animated television series about dogs
Toon Disney original programming
YTV (Canadian TV channel) original programming
Television series by MGM Television
Television shows set in San Francisco
American sequel television series
Animated television shows based on films
Heaven in popular culture
Television series by Claster Television
Television series by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20Dogs%20Go%20to%20Heaven%3A%20The%20Series |
Kariyawasam Tirana Gamage Dhammika Prasad (; born 30 May 1983), or simply Dhammika Prasad, is a former Sri Lankan cricketer, and current bowling coach of the Nepal national cricket team. He is a right-arm fast-medium bowler. He has represented Sri Lanka in Test, One Day International (ODI) and Twenty20 cricket and played domestic cricket for the Sinhalese Sports Club and Basnahira North.
Prasad has been continuously dropped from the squads due to many injuries to ankle, back, hamstrings and has not played any cricket after West Indies tour in 2015. In February 2021, he announced his retirement from international cricket at the age of 37.
Domestic career
Having begun playing cricket as a top-order batsman, Prasad became a fast bowler in his late teens and played in the 2002 Under-19 World Cup.
International career
In February 2006, he was called up to Sri Lanka's ODI and Test squads for the tour of Bangladesh after bowling at an average of less than 23 runs per wicket in the domestic first class cricket. He made his ODI debut on that tour, taking 2/29 in a 78-run win over Bangladesh in Chittagong.
Prasad's international career was subsequently affected by a back injury. He had to wait until August 2008 to make his Test debut, taking five wickets over both innings of the third Test of India's tour of Sri Lanka, including those of Sachin Tendulkar, who Prasad said was his favourite player, Rahul Dravid, and Virender Sehwag. He played Test cricket sporadically over the following seasons. He took four wickets in the first Test of Sri Lanka's tour of Bangladesh in December 2008, but was dropped for the second Test.
In 2009, he played in the second Test of Sri Lanka's home series against New Zealand and the first Test of Sri Lanka's tour of India, in which he injured his hamstring. In 2010, Prasad played in one Test against India and another against the West Indies, failing to take any wickets on either occasion.
In June 2011, Prasad was recalled to Sri Lanka's ODI squad for the tour of England and Scotland. He played in two ODIs on the tour, taking two wickets against England and three against Scotland. He was named in the Test squad for Australia's tour of Sri Lanka in August and September, but did not play. He did, however, make his international Twenty20 debut against Australia, before playing in two Tests of Sri Lanka's series against Pakistan in the United Arab Emirates. He was called into Sri Lanka's squad for their tour of South Africa in 2011–12 as a replacement for injured bowlers. He played in the third and deciding Test of the series, which Sri Lanka lost, taking two wickets for 156 runs, and also played in two ODIs.
He was part of Sri Lanka test team which secured their historic first ever test series win against England in England in 2014. He played a crucial role during the series win picking up fifer at Headingley and ended up with career best figures of 5/50.
Prasad was selected for the 2015 Cricket World Cup original squad, but was unable play due to injury. So he was called off from the World Cup squad.
After World Cup, Prasad was brought back into the squad for Test series against Pakistan. In the second Test, he showed an impressive bowling performance where he took 3 for 43 in the first innings and then 4 for 92 in second innings. Due to Sri Lanka loss in the first Test at Galle, the second Test was a must win for the Sri Lankan team to level the series. Prasad provided the basis for the win and he earned the man of the match award for his impressive bowling performance in the second Test at P Sara Oval.
During the India Test tour in 2015, Prasad showed immense talent with the new ball, where he used to take up the wickets in very first over in each Test match getting rid of Indian top order. He was the highest wicket taker for Sri Lanka in the series with 15 wickets. Due to some heated altercations with Indian pacer Ishant Sharma during the series, he was given a warning by ICC during the third test.
Personal life
Prasad attended De Mazenod College in Kandana, where he started playing cricket as a top order batsman. He is married to Nihari Kariyawasam. On 24 August 2016 Prasad announced on his Twitter account that he and his wife were parents to a baby boy.
References
External links
Sri Lankan cricketers
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan Roman Catholics
Basnahira North cricketers
Sinhalese Sports Club cricketers
1983 births
Living people
Sri Lanka Twenty20 International cricketers
Wayamba cricketers
Basnahira cricketers
Basnahira Cricket Dundee cricketers
Ruhuna cricketers
Sri Lanka Schools XI cricketers
Colombo Stars cricketers
Alumni of De Mazenod College
People from Ragama
Cricketers from Western Province, Sri Lanka | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhammika%20Prasad |
The Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act was passed to prevent State and Federal agencies from reducing their support for the Boy Scouts of America (and other youth organizations) based on their policies. The bill was passed in the wake of a number of controversies involving the Boy Scouts of America, such as their exclusion of gay people and atheists, and subsequent attempts to limit government support of the organization.
In particular, the bill states that no school receiving Department of Education funds:
shall deny equal access or a fair opportunity to meet to, or discriminate against, any group officially affiliated with the Boy Scouts of America, or any other youth group listed in title 36 of the United States Code (as a patriotic society), that wishes to conduct a meeting within that designated open forum or limited public forum, including denying such access or opportunity or discriminating for reasons based on the membership or leadership criteria or oath of allegiance to God and country of the Boy Scouts of America or of the youth group listed in title 36 of the United States Code (as a patriotic society).
Schools are not required to allow access to the Boy Scouts or similar organizations if they do not have a designated open or limited public forum, that is, if they do not provide meeting space for any outside groups.
The bill was included as Sec. 9525 in the No Child Left Behind Act, which was signed into law on January 8, 2002.
See also
External links
Full Text of the Act from the US Dept. of Education
Article on the Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act from the Boy Scouts of America
Article discussing the Boy Scouts of America Equal Access Act from a site critical of the Boy Scouts of America
Acts of the 107th United States Congress
Boy Scouts of America
United States federal education legislation
United States federal legislation articles without infoboxes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy%20Scouts%20of%20America%20Equal%20Access%20Act |
Roommates is a 1995 American comedy-drama film, starring Peter Falk, D. B. Sweeney, and Julianne Moore, directed by Peter Yates. The original music score was composed by Elmer Bernstein. The film was marketed with the tagline, "Some people talk. Some people listen. When you're 107 and going strong, you do whatever you want."
Filming details
It was filmed in and around Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, including in the Cathedral of Learning at the University of Pittsburgh. Several scenes were filmed on the campus of Washington & Jefferson College in Washington, Pennsylvania, including scenes near the Admissions House, the Dieter-Porter Life Science Building, and Old Main.
The aging of Rocky (the Peter Falk character) through creative make-up earned the picture an Academy Award nomination.
Plot
In 1963 Pittsburgh, Rocky Holzcek is a cantankerous 77-year-old Polish-American baker who insists, despite relatives' protests, upon adopting his young grandson Michael when the boy's parents pass away. The other family members are unwilling to take in Michael and say that Rocky is too old, but he insists that "Family takes care of family!" The two live in Rocky's apartment and often play cards. Rocky has a habit of taking a long time to arrange his hand, and this drives Michael crazy. Twenty years later, Michael is a medical intern in Columbus who's forced to take in his still-spry grandfather when the old man is evicted from his apartment building. At a college history class, Rocky explains that the "S" in Harry S Truman's name actually did stand for something, despite what the professor says, because it was a Russian name. Although the crusty, outspoken Rocky gets along with his Chinese college roommates, they play cards together, still with Rocky taking his dear sweet time to arrange his hand, he is less enthused about his grandson's girlfriend, Beth.
Eventually, Michael and Beth marry and head to Pittsburgh where Michael begins his medical residency, while Rocky continues working as a baker. An illness forces Rocky to move back to Pittsburgh with his grandson and his wife, and Rocky warms up to Beth. They play cards, and it seems Beth takes even longer to arrange her hand than Rocky! Seven years pass, and Rocky lives with Michael and Beth and their two children, as Michael has built himself a prominent medical career. However, when Beth is killed in an automobile accident, the old man once again comes to support his grandson in his time of need. Beth's mother wants to take the children, and Michael - initially - agrees. Rocky again lectures Michael on his motto: "Family takes care of family." Michael decides he can't give up the children, and echoes Rocky when he tells Beth's mother "End of discussion!" She backs off and Michael and Rocky take the kids home. At the end of the film, Rocky is in a hospital room, and Michael and the kids come to him to celebrate his 107th birthday. Seeing his EKG growing weak, Michael sends the kids out of the room, and tries to be upbeat for Rocky's sake. He picks up a newspaper and talks about Rocky looking for a new job. Running through the want ads, he pauses after reading one for a Chinese bakery! Turning to Rocky, he asks, "You know anything about this?" A reference to his old college roommates. Rocky smiles, but grows weaker, and Michael finally tells him it's okay, he can go now. Rocky quietly passes away knowing that his grandson is well, and that he has provided all the care that he could for him.
Main cast
Reception
Roommates received negative reviews from critics, as it holds a 29% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film a grade "A" on scale of A+ to F.
Honors
The film was nominated for the Best Make-Up Oscar (Greg Cannom, Bob Laden, Colleen Callaghan), and was nominated for the Best Young Actress Award, Young Artist Awards (Courtney Chase).
External links
References
1995 films
1995 comedy-drama films
1990s American films
1990s English-language films
American comedy-drama films
Films directed by Peter Yates
Films produced by Scott Kroopf
Films scored by Elmer Bernstein
Films set in Ohio
Films set in Pittsburgh
Films shot in Indiana
Hollywood Pictures films
Interscope Communications films
PolyGram Filmed Entertainment films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roommates%20%281995%20film%29 |
Cookie's Fortune is a 1999 American black comedy film directed by Robert Altman and starring Glenn Close, Julianne Moore, Liv Tyler, Patricia Neal, Charles S. Dutton, and Chris O'Donnell. It follows a dysfunctional family in small-town Mississippi and their various responses to the suicide of their wealthy aunt, some of them turning criminal. Musicians Lyle Lovett and Ruby Wilson have minor supporting parts in the film.
Filming took place on location in Holly Springs, Mississippi, where the film is set. It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 1999, and was entered into the 49th Berlin International Film Festival, held in February 1999.
Plot
Jewel Mae "Cookie" Orcutt, an elderly dowager in Holly Springs, Mississippi, lives alone in a large house and is helped out daily by Willis Richland, her African American handyman and closest friend. After acting strangely, she commits suicide with one of her late husband Buck's pistols. Her pretentious niece, Camille, who directs local church theater productions, stops by later that day to borrow a glass fruit bowl, accompanied by her witless and submissive younger sister, Cora, with whom she lives. Camille finds Cookie's body in the bedroom and drops the bowl, shattering it and inadvertently cutting herself. Believing that "suicide is a disgrace", Camille eats Cookie's suicide note and attempts to stage her death to look like a robbery-murder. She removes a prized diamond and ruby necklace from Cookie's neck and throws the pistol in the garden (observed while doing so by Ronnie, a young boy who lives next door). Camille coaches Cora to say that Cookie was murdered, and summons Sheriff Lester Boyle to the scene.
Meanwhile Cora's estranged and wayward daughter (and Cookie's grandniece), Emma, returns to town after having moved away following several supposed criminal offenses. Jason, an inept sheriff's deputy investigating Cookie's death, has long been romantically pursuing Emma. Willis is the primary suspect because his fingerprints appear on the gun she used to kill herself, but this is only because he had cleaned her guns the night before at her request. He is detained on suspicion of murder. The same night, Jason encounters Camille and Cora moving into Cookie's house, despite it being an active crime scene, and calls backup to escort them off the property. Cora is shocked to find that Willis is the suspect, Emma openly protests it, and Camille feigns surprise.
Emma visits Willis at the police station, where Boyle and a local attorney, Jack Palmer—both fishing buddies of Willis's—casually play Scrabble with him in his unlocked cell. Willis tells an anecdote about Cookie's prized diamond and ruby necklace, explaining that Buck once had the necklace appraised only to discover its jewels were fake, a fact he never disclosed to Cookie. Otis Tucker, a detective from a larger jurisdiction, arrives that night and begins questioning locals. Protesting Willis's detainment, Emma refuses to leave the police station until he is freed. She and Jason also frequently sneak away to have sex in empty offices at the station.
The next day, Easter Sunday, Emma arranges a holiday meal for Willis and herself in his cell. Meanwhile, Cora and Camille return to Cookie's home and begin cleaning her bloodied bedding and removing the crime scene tape, assuming they are to inherit the house. They are interrupted by Jack, who arrives to look for Cookie's will in a kitchen cookie jar, which Cora locates for him to Camille's frustration. At the station, Ronnie's father brings him in to recount seeing Camille throw the pistol in the garden; moreover, Camille's rare AB negative blood is recovered from the crime scene, excluding Willis as a suspect.
That night, Camille and Cora prepare to debut their production of Salome at the local church, in which Cora, Jason and Jack star. After police match the blood type to Camille, they descend upon the church as Cora is enticingly performing the play's Dance of the Seven Veils sequence. Cora is left free of her sister's influence when Camille is arrested and taken to the station, where Willis is prepared to be freed. Jack arrives to disclose Cookie's will, which bequeaths her entire estate to Willis, who is Buck's nephew; this was never disclosed to Camille or Emma, who never suspected it because of Willis's race. Emma is delighted to learn that she and Willis are cousins, but shocked when medical records show that Camille, not Cora, is her biological mother, conceived from an affair she had with Cora's late husband when they all lived together. Cora had given a transfusion of blood to save Camille and afterward covered for Camille's illegitimate child.
Tucker interrogates Camille the following morning. She recounts how she staged Cookie's suicide to look like a murder for the sake of "family pride." Cora, who has ignored phone calls at her house, arrives at the station, and Camille expects she will corroborate her story, but Cora confidently insists that Cookie did not commit suicide, sticking resolutely to the story Camille concocted. Camille is charged with Cookie's murder. Half-delirious, she reenacts the Dance of the Seven Veils in her cell before throwing herself down on her bunk and sobbing in despair. Meanwhile, Willis and Emma go fishing with Boyle and Jack, before Emma excuses herself for another tryst with Jason.
Cast
Production
The screenplay is by Anne Rapp, and the film was produced by Willi Baer.
The film was shot on location in Holly Springs, Mississippi during the summer of 1998. Principal actors took pay cuts to appear in the film. The cast took up residence in a Holly Springs mansion for the duration of the shoot.
Release
The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 1999, and was entered into the 49th Berlin International Film Festival, held in February 1999.
Box office
Cookie's Fortune was given a limited theatrical release in the United States on April 2, 1999, and grossed $186,828 during its opening weekend. The release eventually expanded to 559 theaters, and remained in theaters for a total of 279 days, ultimately grossing $10.9 million.
Critical response
The film has 86% approval based on 58 reviews at the film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes. The website’s critics consensus reads, "Robert Altman's gift for diffuse storytelling is employed to breezily enjoyable effect in Cookie's Fortune, a mirthful caper that layers on a generous helping of Southern charm."
Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times praised the film as "a gem among the fabled director’s ensemble movies, a Southern charmer—full of good humor and mature wisdom—that views human foibles with the bemused compassion of a Jean Renoir... [it is a] beautiful, beguiling film." Desson Thomson of The Washington Post gave the film modest praise, writing: "By reducing his passion for actorly preciousness, Western Union symbolism and klutzy metaphor, Altman functions instead as a good manager of a decently written product. And he adheres sensibly to the filmmaking style that has served him for decades: introduce the actors to this moss-covered, indolent world, then leave them to sort things out in time for the ending. It's a simple formula but it works fine, even in the sleepiest of situations."
Soundtrack
The soundtrack is by David A. Stewart. The soundtrack album was released on April 2, 1999. It features appearances by saxophonist Candy Dulfer.
"Cookie"
"Wild Women Don't Get the Blues"
"Helios"
"Camilla's Prayer"
"The Cookie Jar"
"Hey Josie"
"All I'm Sayin' Is This"
"A Good Man"
"I Did Good Didn't I?"
"A Golden Boat"
"I'm Comin' Home"
"Willis Is Innocent"
"Patrol Car Blues"
"Emma"
"Humming Home"
All songs are by Stewart except "Cookie", "Camilla's Prayer" and "Patrol Car Blues", which are by Dulfer and Stewart.
See also
1999 in film
List of comedy films of the 1990s
List of crime films of the 1990s
References
External links
visithollysprings.org, official website of Holly Springs, Mississippi
1999 films
1999 comedy films
1999 black comedy films
1999 independent films
1990s crime comedy films
American black comedy films
American crime comedy films
1990s English-language films
Films about dysfunctional families
Films about inheritances
Films directed by Robert Altman
Films set in Mississippi
Films shot in Mississippi
Southern Gothic films
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookie%27s%20Fortune |
Jerry Markbreit (born March 23, 1935) is a former American football referee in the National Football League (NFL) for 23 seasons and became one of the most recognizable referees in the game. Markbreit officiated football games for 33 seasons. From 1965 to 1975, Markbreit officiated college football games in the Big Ten Conference. He then joined the NFL in 1976 as a line judge on the crew of Tommy Bell before being promoted to the head referee position in just his second year. His uniform number in the league was 9, which is now worn by Mark Perlman. In his 23 seasons in the NFL (he retired after the 1998 season), Markbreit had 25 postseason assignments: two wild card games (1991 and 1994), 10 divisional games (1979, 1981, 1982, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1995, 1997, 1998), eight conference championships (1980, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1996), one Pro Bowl (1978), and four Super Bowls (XVII, XXI, XXVI, XXIX) and was an alternate in Super Bowl XIX, Super Bowl XXII, and Super Bowl XXVIII. To date, he is the only NFL head referee to officiate four Super Bowl games.
Until 2008, he wrote a weekly sports column for the Chicago Tribune during the football season.
Career
Markbreit began officiating in intramural college fraternity games 1953, after nearly being seriously injured several times attempting to play college football at the University of Illinois.
Markbreit began officiating as a career in 1957, when he joined the Central Officials Association, and began working public league and junior varsity games. By the late 1950s, Markbreit was officiating high school games, including several with the teenage Dick Butkus.
Markbreit officiated his first Big Ten game (at back judge), Northwestern at Indiana on September 25, 1965. He joined the Big Ten as a full-time back judge in 1966, and in 1968, was promoted to referee after taking charge of a 1967 game between Missouri and Northwestern at Evanston, Illinois, a few miles from his residence in Skokie.
He served as the back judge in the "Game of the Century" on November 19, 1966 between top-ranked Notre Dame and second-ranked Michigan State which ended in a 10-10 tie. He was referee for the 1969 Ohio State vs. Michigan football game, a 24-12 Michigan upset, and also the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day 1972 between Stanford and Michigan, which the Indians won 13-12 to deny the Wolverines a perfect season.
Two members of Markbreit's 1971 crew, Dale Orem and Bill Quinby, would later be members of Markbreit's crews in the NFL.
Just before the beginning of the 1968 football season, Markbreit was offered (and declined) an early job offer from the NFL as a field judge (renamed to back judge in 1998). He felt that his lack of college experience would prevent him from obtaining the referee position in the NFL (although future NFL referee Walt Coleman did not have experience as a collegiate referee prior to his promotion to crew chief in 1995).
Markbreit officiated the annual Michigan-Ohio State rivalry game at Ann Arbor on November 20, 1971. Late in that game, furious over what he thought was a missed defensive pass interference foul against Michigan All-American Thom Darden, Buckeyes coach Woody Hayes stormed onto the field, launched a profanity-laced tirade at Markbreit, tore up the sideline markers, threw the penalty flag into the crowd, began destroying the yard markers and threw the first-down marker into the ground like a javelin before being restrained by Buckeyes team officials. Hayes was suspended for one game and fined $1,000 by Big Ten commissioner Wayne Duke. Moments after Hayes' tirade, Markbreit ejected Buckeyes linebacker Randy Gradishar for punching Michigan quarterback Tom Slade through his face mask, triggering a 10-minute brawl. He did not officiate the Ohio State-Michigan game again until November 22, 1975, his last game as a Big Ten official. His last collegiate game was one week later in Cedar Falls, Iowa, a Division II playoff game between Western Kentucky and Northern Iowa played in a driving rainstorm. It was the last outdoor football game at UNI before the opening of the UNI Dome.
Markbreit joined the NFL as a line judge in 1976, and became a referee in 1977 upon the retirement of long-time referee Tommy Bell, who was Markbreit's crew chief during the 1976 season. The other members of Bell's crew—umpire Gordon Wells, head linesman Ray Dodez, back judge Tom Kelleher and field judge Ed Merrifield—asked NFL supervisor of officials Art McNally to leave the crew intact and they would "bring Jerry along," and McNally did, with Bill Reynolds replacing Markbreit as line judge. Markbreit retired from the field after working a playoff game between the San Francisco 49ers and Atlanta Falcons on January 9, 1999.
Markbreit officiated the Holy Roller play, a game-winning play executed by the Oakland Raiders against the San Diego Chargers on September 10, 1978. With 10 seconds left in the game, Raiders quarterback Ken Stabler lost the ball, and it rolled forward towards the San Diego goal line. Raiders tight end Dave Casper batted and kicked the ball into the end zone, where he fell on it for the game-tying touchdown as time ran out. The Raiders won, 21-20. Markbreit ruled that Stabler fumbled the ball instead of intentionally throwing a forward pass, and the league backed up the call. A subsequent rule change permits only the fumbling player on offense to advance a fumble on fourth down or in the last two minutes of a half. Among NFL officials, it is still known as the "Markbreit rule."
In November 1986, Markbreit was the referee at Soldier Field when the Green Bay Packers visited to play the Chicago Bears. He ejected Packers defensive end Charles Martin after he bodyslammed Jim McMahon shoulder-first into the AstroTurf. It was Markbreit's first ejection as an NFL official. Martin was suspended for two games by NFL commissioner Pete Rozelle, the longest suspension for an on-field incident at the time (the record is now 12 games, imposed upon then-Raiders linebacker Vontaze Burfict for repeated violent acts, including illegal hits on Colts players Jack Doyle and Nyheim Hines in the same game). Years later, Markbreit said that he felt Martin's hit was so far outside the bounds of the game that the only option was an ejection. His move set a precedent; any violent act that is not considered part of the game is grounds for ejection. The call was largely credited by the media and NFL executives in helping Markbreit land the assignment as the referee of Super Bowl XXI two months later.
Markbreit refereed Super Bowl XVII. During the coin toss Markbreit became confused by the similar design of both sides of the coin: one side had two helmets and the other side showed two players holding helmets. Thus, he incorrectly thought "heads" had landed and had to have a brief conference with head linesman Dale Hamer before correcting his call to "tails".
Markbreit remained involved in the league, as he served as an instant replay official for two years following his retirement as an active official, and later worked as an associate supervisor and head trainer for NFL referees.
His work outside of football has included advertising sales for Where Magazine, and many years as a trade and barter manager for 3M.
Books by Markbreit
The Armchair Referee—500 Questions and Answers about Football ()Born to Referee: My Life on the Gridiron ()Last Call: Memoirs of an NFL Referee'' ()
Quotes
"There's no such thing as perfection. Mistakes happen. Officials are so hard on themselves. When they make a mistake, nobody feels worse than they do."
"I had several big-time mistakes. I felt at the time that it happened, 'Why am I here?' You're heartsick about a call that you made. You want everything to be perfect. But it's not a perfect science. There's nothing perfect."
"I'm probably the only Jewish man who knows the Catholic mass by heart, both in English and Latin.” Markbreit stated in his memoir he attended Catholic mass prior to every game out of respect to veteran back judge Tom Kelleher, who was on the same crew with Markbreit from 1976-86.
See also
List of Jews in sports (non-players)
Notes
1935 births
Living people
College football officials
National Football League officials
Chicago Tribune people
Sportspeople from Chicago
Jewish American sportspeople
21st-century American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Markbreit |
The Dura Lube Corporation was formed in 1986, originally intended as an engine additive for heavy duty trucks. The company gained wide exposure in the mid-1990s through infomercials and wide retail distribution of its engine and fuel additives.
Products
Today, the company provides engine treatment products for gas and diesel applications and produces various engine, fuel, and transmission treatment products, as well as industrial grease and exterior appearance products. It offers its products online and through big box retailers like Walmart and major automotive dealers like Auto Zone, Advance Auto Parts, O'Reilly Auto Parts and Pep Boys. The company was founded in 1986 and is based in Gahanna, Ohio. As of its acquisition on June 24, 2005, Dura Lube Corporation operates as a subsidiary of Into Great Brands Inc.
Additive controversy
Dura Lube was heavily marketed in the 1990s via television infomercials and print advertising. The company's advertising at that time made certain specific claims that provided quantitative performance comparisons of oils treated with company's product to untreated oils. In a case filed in 1999, the Federal Trade Commission proved that the company did not have a reasonable basis to substantiate these claims based upon available testing.
Settlement
The company along with several others including Valvoline Engine Treatment, Slick 50 Engine Treatment, STP Engine Treatment, and Motor Up Corporation, was investigated by the Federal Trade Commission in 1999-2000 and was found to have no competent or reliable evidence substantiating these claims about its performance. In March 2000, Dura Lube and competitor Motor Up both settled Federal Trade Commission charges that performance claims for their engine treatments were deceptive and unsubstantiated. The two settlements barred false and unsubstantiated claims about the performance, benefits, efficacy, or attributes of these products. In addition, As one of several industry companies penalized by the FTC, Dura Lube paid $2 million in consumer redress to be distributed by the FTC. The FTC had previously halted allegedly deceptive ads for Prolong Engine Treatment, Valvoline Engine Treatment, Slick 50 Engine Treatment and STP Engine Treatment.
Ownership
As a result, the original ownership filed bankruptcy and the company assets were sold to a venture capital group in Columbus Ohio named Into Great Brands Inc.
References
Oil companies of the United States
False advertising | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dura%20Lube |
Pálffy Palace may refer to various Central European palaces owned by the noble Pálffy ab Erdöd family:
Palais Pálffy in Vienna, Innere Stadt, Josefsplatz
Palais Pálffy in Vienna, Innere Stadt, Wallnerstraße Street
Pálffy Palace in Bratislava, Old Town, Hviezdoslavovo námestie
Pálffy Palace in Bratislava, Old Town, Ventúrska Street
Pálffy Palace in Bratislava, Old Town, Panská Street
Pálffy Palace in Bratislava, Old Town, Podhradie, Zámocká Street
Pálffy Palace in Bratislava, Old Town, Laurinská Street
demolished Pálffy Palace in Bratislava, Old Town, Gorkého Street
Pálffy Palace in Prague, Malá Strana
Pálffy Palace (Pálffy-kastély) in Budapest, Hungary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1lffy%20Palace |
The Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, also known as AG Bell, is an organization that aims to promote listening and spoken language among people who are deaf and hard of hearing. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with chapters located throughout the United States and a network of international affiliates.
History
The Association was originally created as the American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD). In 1908 it merged with Alexander Graham Bell's Volta Bureau (founded in 1887 "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf"), and was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 at the suggestion of Mrs. Frances Toms, the mother of a deaf son who was able to achieve high academic standings in mainstream schools with the organization's help. In 1999 the Association was finally renamed to the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing.
Controversies and criticism
The organization has a long history of stanch opposition to any positive depictions of the use of sign language, which the organization views as a threat to speech development. After NBC broadcast a theater performance using ASL in 1967, the organization wrote a letter to the company demanding that the show be pulled, claiming that sign language was artificial and foreign and that showing it on television was destroying the efforts of parents who tried to teach their deaf children speech. However, NBC refused to cave in to their demands. Later on in 2008 the organization also protested the 2008 Pepsi commercial at the Super Bowl that showed signing; the organization's statement insisted that Pepsi should have used the money for the commercial to sponsor hearing aids and other hearing assistance technology instead of promoting sign language. In 1992 the organization issued a resolution stating its opposition to the use of sign language in deaf education, and although the 2008 position statement does not explicitly condemn ASL, the organization continues to discourage its use, promoting exclusively oral methods that forbid the use of sign language, mainly the Auditory-Verbal and Auditory-Oral approaches.
The foundation has been heavily criticised for misleading and inaccurate claims made in relation to the use of American Sign Language among the Deaf community after Nyle DiMarco was announced as the winner of season 22 of America's Next Top Model. The Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, the National Association of the Deaf, the National Black Deaf Advocates and academics accused the foundation of inaccuracy, bias, pseudoscience, xenophobia and eugenics.
The organization is heavily sponsored by cochlear implant and hearing aid companies.
References
Further reading
A.A.P.T.S.D. The Association Review: 1906, Philadelphia, Penn.: American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf. Retrieved from the Internet Archive, June 7, 2012. Note: this review has been inadvertently listed on the Internet Archive as The Association Review: 1899, although some metadata correctly identifies it as from the year 1906.
Alexander Graham Bell
Deafness organizations in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Graham%20Bell%20Association%20for%20the%20Deaf%20and%20Hard%20of%20Hearing |
George Talbot, 9th Earl of Shrewsbury, 9th Earl of Waterford (19 December 1566 – 2 April 1630), was the son of Sir John Talbot (died 1611) of Grafton in Worcestershire, who was a prominent Roman Catholic, frequently fined or imprisoned on account of his faith.
Life
George was educated abroad in Europe at Amiens, France, and in Rome, becoming ordained as a priest in the Catholic Church. He ministered at the court of Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria at Munich. When he succeeded Edward Talbot, a distant cousin, as Earl of Shrewsbury in 1618, Maximilian successfully interceded with King James I of England to persuade him to allow Talbot to return to England to claim his family estates, take medicinal waters and have free exercise of his religion, intending to be occupied with private study.
George Talbot is thought to be the anonymous English nobleman who in 1612 donated enough money to enable the Jesuits to set up a college at Leuven.
The Earl, who as a Catholic priest never married, died in 1630 aged sixty-three and was buried in the family tomb at the parish church of Albrighton (near Wolverhampton) in Shropshire. He was commemorated in a poem by William Habington.
His nephew John Talbot, son of his brother John Talbot of Longford near Newport, Shropshire, succeeded as 10th Earl.
References
1566 births
1630 deaths
George
Ordained peers
16th-century Roman Catholics
17th-century Roman Catholics
16th-century English nobility
17th-century English nobility
Earls of Shrewsbury
Earls of Waterford | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Talbot%2C%209th%20Earl%20of%20Shrewsbury |
Tomás Antonio O'Horán y Argüello (1775–1848) was a Mexican lawyer, magistrate and senator, resident most of his life in Mérida, Yucatán in Mexico.
Tomas was born somewhere in the Yucatán region, the son of John O'Horan, a native of County Cork, Ireland, and María Gertrudis de Argüello y Monte, of Campeche. John had come to the Yucatán region by way of the Canary Islands.
Tomas was educated at the Seminario Conciliar of Campeche from about 1794 to 1799 and subsequently was a professor of law there. He served from October 1823 to April 1825 as a member of the Second Triumvirate (ruling council) of the United Provinces of Central America, serving as Chairman every third month. He served in the Mexican Senate representing Yucatán in 1835. Subsequently, he was also a magistrate in Mérida.
Tomas married Gertrudis Escudero de la Rocha with whom he had several children.
One of his sons, Tomás O'Horán y Escudero (1819–1867) became a general in the Mexican armed forces who fought against the French invasion in 1862, and was appointed Governor and Military Commander of the State of Mexico by Benito Juárez, but later served as Prefect of the Valley of Mexico under the French, and was shot by the forces of Benito Juárez in 1867 after they re-took Mexico City.
Another son, Agustín Jorge O'Horán Escudero (1828–1884) was a medical doctor for whom the oldest hospital in Mérida is named.
References
Diccionario Porrúa, 6th Edition, Editorial Porrúa, Mexico City, 1995
Archivo General Nacional, México
Biografía del Dr. Agustín Jorge O'Horán Escudero, by Arturo Erosa Barbachano, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 2005
External links
Dictionary of Irish Latin American Biography
1775 births
1848 deaths
Mexican people of Irish descent
People from Mérida, Yucatán
19th-century Mexican judges
Heads of state of the Federal Republic of Central America
19th-century Mexican politicians
Politicians from Yucatán (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s%20O%27Horan |
Dead air space may refer to:
Dead Air Space, a blog maintained by the members of the band Radiohead
The spaces between panes of glass in insulated glazing
No-fly zone: a territory or an area over which aircraft are not permitted to fly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead%20air%20space |
Chris-Pin Martin (born Ysabel Ponciana Chris-Pin Martin Paiz, November 19, 1893 – June 27, 1953) was an American character actor whose specialty lay in portraying comical Mexicans, particularly sidekicks in The Cisco Kid film series. He acted in over 100 films between 1925 and 1953, including over 50 westerns.
Biography
Martin was born in Tucson, Arizona, when that was still a territory, the son of Toro "Bull" Martin, a Yaqui indian, and Florencia Paiz, a woman of Mexican descent. of southern Arizona and northern Sonora, Mexico. He started working in Hollywood in 1911, as an extra for Universal Studios, and also worked as a recruitment agent ("runner") for hiring Latino and Latina extras needed for specific films at Hollywood studios.
In 1922, Martin produced a film, Tepee Love, a romance, starring Martin and Dolores Contreras. The film played in Glendale, California, and Burbank, California, in 1922; a second film project never was finished. By 1925, Martin had become a frequent, although unnamed character, in silent movies. His roles were as a bumbling or slow comedic character who spoke in broken English.
Martin's most remembered western film role was in nine of the Cisco Kid films playing the Kid's sidekicks Gordito and in the later films Pancho. He also appeared in the John Ford classic Stagecoach (1939) with John Wayne. He was credited in his films by other names, including Chrispin Martin, Chris King Martin, Chris Martin, Cris-Pin Martin, and Ethier Crispin Martini.ud
Martin was adept in both drama and comedy, in films like the melodramatic The Ox-Bow Incident (1943) as "Poncho" the Mexican who reluctantly becomes a part of a lynch mob and a contrite confessor. In A Millionaire for Christy (1951) Martin plays a brief but memorable role as "Manolo", a Mexican who knows no English.
Death
Less than five months before his 60th birthday, Martin died of a heart attack while addressing a Moose lodge meeting in the Los Angeles suburb of Montebello.
Selected filmography
The Lost World (1925) - (scenes deleted)
The Gold Rush (1925) - Man in Dance Hall (uncredited)
Border Vengeance (1925) - Bartender (uncredited)
Lord Jim (1925) - One of Brown's Crewmen (uncredited)
Cactus Trails (1925) - Bartender (uncredited)
The Temptress (1926) - Argentine Ranch Hand (uncredited)
The Night of Love (1927) - Gypsy (uncredited)
The Gaucho (1927) - Minor Role (uncredited)
In Old Arizona (1928)
The Crowd (1928) - Worker in Hallway (uncredited)
Across to Singapore (1928) - Sailor from the Santa Rosa (uncredited)
The Rescue (1929) - Tenga
Where East Is East (1929) - Native Hunter (uncredited)
Condemned (1929) - Monkey Seller (uncredited)
Under a Texas Moon (1930) - Pancho (uncredited)
The Fighting Legion (1930) - Henchman (uncredited)
The Big House (1930) - Inmate (uncredited)
Wings of Adventure (1930) - Lopez (uncredited)
Billy the Kid (1930) - Don Esteban Santiago
The Lash (1930) - Caballero (uncredited)
Strangers May Kiss (1931) - Mexican (uncredited)
Transgression (1931) - Eduardo, the Mail Carrier (uncredited)
Nuit d'Espagne (1931) - (uncredited)
The Squaw Man (1931) - Spanish Pete - Hawkins' Henchman
Lasca of the Rio Grande (1931) - (uncredited)
The Cisco Kid (1931) - Gordito
Safe in Hell (1931) - Jury Member (uncredited)
South of Santa Fe (1932) - Pedro
Girl of the Rio (1932) - (uncredited)
Girl Crazy (1932) - Pete
The Broken Wing (1932) - Mexican Husband
Destry Rides Again (1932) - Lopez (uncredited)
The Stoker (1932) - Chief of Police
Winner Take All (1932) - Pice's Manager in Tijuana (uncredited)
The Painted Woman (1932) - Francois Marquette aka Frenchy
Flaming Gold (1932) - Chris - Oil Well Foreman (uncredited)
Outlaw Justice (1932) - El Diablo
The Mask of Fu Manchu (1932) - Potentate (uncredited)
Terror Trail (1933) - Jose (uncredited)
The California Trail (1933) - Pancho
Central Airport (1933) - Havana Air Port worker (uncredited)
I Loved You Wednesday (1933) - Chris - the Waiter (uncredited)
The Man from Monterey (1933) - Manuel (uncredited)
The Last Trail (1933) - Mexican Officer (uncredited)
Four Frightened People (1934) - Native Boatman
Heat Lightning (1934) - Mexican Husband with Family (uncredited)
Lazy River (1934) - Raoul (uncredited)
Viva Villa! (1934) - Peón (scenes deleted)
Rawhide Mail (1934) - Pedro Esteban
Grand Canary (1934) - Henchman (uncredited)
La Cucaracha (1934, Short) - Chiquita's Fan in Cafe (uncredited)
Chained (1934) - Peón (uncredited)
Marie Galante (1934) - Furniture Dealer (uncredited)
The Marines Are Coming (1934) - Carlos, Aide to the Torch (uncredited)
The Cactus Kid (1935) - Gambler (uncredited)
Bordertown (1935) - José (uncredited)
In Caliente (1935) - Mariachi (uncredited)
Under the Pampas Moon (1935) - Pietro
Red Salute (1935) - Men's Room Attendant (uncredited)
Hi, Gaucho! (1935) - Marco (uncredited)
Escape from Devil's Island (1935) - Goat Herder (uncredited)
Coronado (1935) - Mexican (uncredited)
Captain Blood (1935) - Sentry (uncredited)
The Border Patrolman (1936) - Mexican Giving Directions (uncredited)
The Gay Desperado (1936) - Pancho
A Tenderfoot Goes West (1936) - Pedro
The Bold Caballero (1936) - Hangman
When You're in Love (1937) - Servant (uncredited)
Swing High, Swing Low (1937) - Sleepy Servant (uncredited)
Under Strange Flags (1937) - Lopez
A Star Is Born (1937) - José Rodriguez (uncredited)
Boots and Saddles (1937) - Juan
The Hurricane (1937) - Sailor (uncredited)
Zorro Rides Again (1937, Serial) - Pedro - Wagon Driver [Ch. 1] (uncredited)
Wallaby Jim of the Islands (1937) - Mike
Born to Be Wild (1938) - Garcia (uncredited)
Four Men and a Prayer (1938) - Sergeant in Marlanda (uncredited)
Blockade (1938) - Cantina Patron (uncredited)
Tropic Holiday (1938) - Pancho
I'm From the City (1938) - Mexican Ranch Hand (uncredited)
The Texans (1938) - Juan Rodriguez (uncredited)
Billy the Kid Returns (1938) - Desk Clerk (uncredited)
Too Hot to Handle (1938) - Pedro (uncredited)
The Renegade Ranger (1938) - Felipe (uncredited)
Flirting with Fate (1938) - Solado
Stagecoach (1939) - Chris, innkeeper (uncredited)
Rough Riders' Round-up (1939) - Ramon (uncredited)
Frontier Pony Express (1939) - Deer Lodge Station Agent (uncredited)
The Return of the Cisco Kid (1939) - Gordito
Man of Conquest (1939) - Massacre Survivor (uncredited)
Code of the Secret Service (1939) - Mexican Pottery Proprietor (uncredited)
The Girl and the Gambler (1939) - Pasqual
Frontier Marshal (1939) - Pete
The Fighting Gringo (1939) - Felipe - Barber
Espionage Agent (1939) - Tunisian Guard (uncredited)
Rio (1939) - Roberto's Ranch Foreman (uncredited)
The Llano Kid (1939) - Sixto
The Cisco Kid and the Lady (1939) - Gordito
Charlie Chan in Panama (1940) - Sergeant Montero
Viva Cisco Kid (1940) - Gordito
Lucky Cisco Kid (1940) - Gordito
The Gay Caballero (1940) - Gordito
Down Argentine Way (1940) - Esteban
Mark of Zorro (1940) - Turnkey
Charter Pilot (1940) - Captain of Police (uncredited)
Romance of the Rio Grande (1940) - Gordito
The Bad Man (1941) - Pedro
Ride on Vaquero (1941) - Gordito
Week-End in Havana (1941) - Driver
Tombstone, the Town Too Tough to Die (1942) - Chris
Undercover Man (1942) - Miguel
American Empire (1942) - Augustin- Beauchard Henchman
The Ox-Bow Incident (1943) - Poncho
The Sultan's Daughter (1943) - Merchant
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1944) - Fat Thief
Tampico (1944) - Waiter at Wedding Party (uncredited)
Along Came Jones (1944) - Store Proprietor (uncredited)
San Antonio (1945) - Jaime Rosas (uncredited)
The Gay Cavalier (1946)
Perilous Holiday (1946) - Store Proprietor (uncredited)
Suspense (1946) - Mexican Waiter (uncredited)
Holiday in Mexico (1946) - (uncredited)
Gallant Journey (1946) - Pedro Lopez (uncredited)
The Lone Wolf in Mexico (1947) - Cab Driver (uncredited)
The Beginning or the End (1947) - Mexican Man (uncredited)
The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1947) - Waiter (uncredited)
Robin Hood of Monterey (1947) - Pancho
King of the Bandits (1947) - Pancho
The Fugitive (1947) - An Organ-Grinder
Pirates of Monterey (1947) - Caretta Man (uncredited)
Captain from Castile (1947) - Sancho Lopez (uncredited)
Old Los Angeles (1948) - Waiter (uncredited)
The Return of Wildfire (1948) - Pancho
Blood on the Moon (1948) - Commisary Bartender (uncredited)
Belle Starr's Daughter (1948) - Spanish George
Mexican Hayride (1948) - Mariachi Leader
Rimfire (1949) - Chico
The Beautiful Blonde from Bashful Bend (1949) - Joe
Borderline (1950) - Pepe - Hotel Clerk (uncredited)
The Arizona Cowboy (1950) - Café Owner Pedro
The Lady from Texas (1951) - José
A Millionaire for Christy (1951) - Manolo, Fat Mexican
Ride the Man Down (1952) - Chris
San Antone (1953) - Ramon, Vaquero (uncredited)
Mesa of Lost Women (1953) - Pepe (final film role)
References
External links
1893 births
1953 deaths
American male film actors
American male actors of Mexican descent
Male actors from Tucson, Arizona
20th-century American male actors
Male Western (genre) film actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris-Pin%20Martin |
George Talbot may refer to:
George Talbot, 4th Earl of Shrewsbury (c. 1468–1538)
George Talbot, 6th Earl of Shrewsbury (1528–1590), English statesman
George Talbot, 9th Earl of Shrewsbury (1566–1630), Roman Catholic priest
Sir George Talbot, 3rd Baronet (1761–1850), English cricketer
George F. Talbot (1819–1907), Maine attorney and Solicitor of the United States Treasury
George Frederick Talbot (1859–1938), Justice of the Supreme Court of Nevada
George Talbot (judge) (1861–1938), Judge of the High Court of Justice
George Talbot (entomologist) (1882–1952), English entomologist who specialised in butterflies
George S. Talbot (1875–1918), English composer and writer
George Talbot (New Zealand cricketer) (1907–1943), New Zealand cricketer
George H. Talbot (1911–1996), American businessman | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Talbot |
Burghead Thistle Football Club are a Scottish football team, based in Burghead, Moray. Members of the Scottish Junior Football Association, they currently play in the North Second Division of the SJFA North Region.
The club were formed in 1889. In early 1906 they became founder members of the Elginshire Junior League, later known as the Morayshire Junior League from 1906–07 season. They became the first club outside Elgin to become League Champions in 1908–09 season, they took the title again the following season 1909–10.
Home matches are played at Forest Park just outside Burghead. The team play in green shirts and shorts. The club are managed by David MacDonald
External links
Club website
Burghead
Association football clubs established in 1889
Football clubs in Scotland
Scottish Junior Football Association clubs
Football in Moray
1889 establishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burghead%20Thistle%20F.C. |
AG Bell may refer to:
Alexander Graham Bell, (1847 – 1922) the scientist, inventor, engineer and innovator credited with inventing the first practical telephone
The Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing, in Washington, D.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AG%20Bell |
A Hong Kong returnee is a resident of Hong Kong who emigrated to another country, lived for an extended period of time in his or her adopted home, and then subsequently moved back to Hong Kong.
Population
According to the Hong Kong Transition Project of Hong Kong Baptist University, in 2002, the population of Hong Kong Returnees constituted 3% of the Hong Kong population. This number was arrived at by survey and a participant was categorised as a "Returnee" by self-identification. As such, it excluded those Hong Kongers surveyed who had foreign citizenship, but did not self-identify as "Returnees".
Emigration
Most returnees left Hong Kong during the 1980s and the 1990s leading up to the handover of Hong Kong back to China. According to Matthew Cheung, Secretary for Labour and Welfare, approximately 600,000 people emigrated before and around 1997. The destination of choice was usually a Western country, the most popular being Canada, Australia, and the United States.
There are typically two types of emigrants, those who planned on returning to Hong Kong after they obtained foreign citizenship and those who planned on staying in their adopted homes permanently and fully adapting to life there. The former are sometimes better described as sojourners rather than emigrants. However, often these two types of Hong Kong emigrants act against what they had planned, where some of those who had planned on permanent stays actually returned to Hong Kong, some planning on temporary stays actually made the decision to stay permanently in their adopted homelands.
Remigration
It is estimated that 30% of those Hong Kongers who moved away in the 1980s have returned to Hong Kong. Those that have moved back to Hong Kong have returned for various reasons – for economic reasons, or simply because they enjoy living in Hong Kong more than they do elsewhere. Specifically, many wealthy Hong Kongers who emigrated to Canada found that they could not adjust to the economic culture in Canada. The higher taxes, red tape, and the language contributed to the barrier of entry for businesses in Canada. Comparatively speaking, doing business in Hong Kong was much easier.
The movement of people is not a permanent remigration as returnees could go back to their adopted country at any stage, especially if they gained its citizenship. Plans to return to their adopted homeland could be influenced by political or personal reasons.
Social consequences
Cultural identity
Issues of identity have sometimes arisen for returnees, especially amongst those returnees that left Hong Kong when they were children, because of the change in national identity of Hong Kong the city itself due to Hong Kong returning to Chinese rule, and because of the life experiences gained living in their previously adopted homes outside of Hong Kong.
"Astronauts"
Many of those who returned to Hong Kong were husbands who left their entire families in their adopted homes, while they worked in Hong Kong. These husbands were dubbed Taai Hung Yahn (), or "astronauts" because they spend their lives flying back and forth between Hong Kong and the adopted homes of their families.
Taai Hung Yahn is also a play on words. Taking a more literal meaning of the Chinese characters for "astronaut", Taai Hung Yahn () can translate loosely to "man without a wife".
See also
Hongkongers
Yacht people
Migration in China
Overseas Chinese
China–United Kingdom relations
Sino-British Joint Declaration
Third culture kid
Emigration from Hong Kong
References
External links
Out and Back: The Movement of Hong Kongers 1984–2004 and the Psychological Consequences for Identity by Nan M. Sussman.
Hong Kong Residents Rush for Foreign Citizenship at Migration News.
David Ley on the return of wealthy Chinese migrants from Vancouver to Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Transnational spaces and everyday lives by David Ley
Back to Hong Kong: return migration or transnational sojourn? By David Ley and Audrey Kobayashi
Culture of Hong Kong
Society of Hong Kong
Human migration | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20returnee |
Czartoryski Palace can refer to:
Czartoryski Palace (Puławy)
Czartoryski Palace (Vienna)
Potocki Palace, Warsaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czartoryski%20Palace |
Titanocene dichloride is the organotitanium compound with the formula (η5-C5H5)2TiCl2, commonly abbreviated as Cp2TiCl2. This metallocene is a common reagent in organometallic and organic synthesis. It exists as a bright red solid that slowly hydrolyzes in air. It shows antitumour activity and was the first non-platinum complex to undergo clinical trials as a chemotherapy drug.
Preparation and structure
The standard preparations of Cp2TiCl2 start with titanium tetrachloride. The original synthesis by Wilkinson and Birmingham, using sodium cyclopentadienide, is still commonly used:
2 NaC5H5 + TiCl4 → (C5H5)2TiCl2 + 2 NaCl
It can also be prepared by using freshly distilled cyclopentadiene rather than its sodium derivative:
2 C5H6 + TiCl4 → (C5H5)2TiCl2 + 2 HCl
Focusing on the geometry of the Ti center, Cp2TiCl2 adopts a distorted tetrahedral geometry (counting Cp as a monodentate ligand). The Ti-Cl distance is 2.37 Å and the Cl-Ti-Cl angle is 95°.
Reactions
Halide replacement reactions
Cp2TiCl2 serves as a source of Cp2Ti2+. A large range of nucleophiles will displace chloride. With NaSH and with polysulfide salts, one obtains the sulfido derivatives Cp2Ti(SH)2 and Cp2TiS5.
The Petasis reagent, Cp2Ti(CH3)2, is prepared from the action of methylmagnesium chloride or methyllithium on Cp2TiCl2. This reagent is useful for the conversion of esters into vinyl ethers.
The Tebbe reagent Cp2TiCl(CH2)Al(CH3)2, arises by the action of 2 equivalents Al(CH3)3 on Cp2TiCl2.
Reactions affecting Cp ligands
One Cp ligand can be removed from Cp2TiCl2 to give tetrahedral CpTiCl3. This conversion can be effected with TiCl4 or by reaction with SOCl2.
The sandwich complex (Cycloheptatrienyl)(cyclopentadienyl)titanium is prepared by treatment of titanocene dichloride with lithium cycloheptatrienyl.
Titanocene itself, TiCp2, is so highly reactive that it rearranges into a TiIII hydride dimer and has been the subject of much investigation. This dimer can be trapped by conducting the reduction of titanocene dichloride in the presence of ligands; in the presence of benzene, a fulvalene complex, can be prepared and the resulting solvate structurally characterised by X-ray crystallography. The same compound had been reported earlier by a lithium aluminium hydride reduction and sodium amalgam reduction of titanocene dichloride, and studied by 1H NMR prior to its definitive characterisation.
Reduction
Reduction with zinc gives the dimer of bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium(III) chloride in a solvent-mediated chemical equilibrium:
Cp2TiCl2 is a precursor to TiII derivatives.
Reductions have been investigated using Grignard reagent and alkyl lithium compounds. More conveniently handled reductants include Mg, Al, or Zn. The following syntheses demonstrate some of the compounds that can be generated by reduction of titanocene dichloride in the presence of π acceptor ligands:
Cp2TiCl2 + 2 CO + Mg → Cp2Ti(CO)2 + MgCl2
Cp2TiCl2 + 2 PR3 + Mg → Cp2Ti(PR3)2 + MgCl2
Alkyne derivatives of titanocene have the formula (C5H5)2Ti(C2R2) and the corresponding benzyne complexes are known. One family of derivatives are the titanocyclopentadienes. Rosenthal's reagent, Cp2Ti(η2-Me3SiC≡CSiMe3), can be prepared by this method. Two structures are shown, A and B, which are both resonance contributors to the actual structure of Rosenthal's reagent.
Titanocene equivalents react with alkenyl alkynes followed by carbonylation and hydrolysis to form bicyclic cyclopentadienones, related to the Pauson–Khand reaction. A similar reaction is the reductive cyclization of enones to form the corresponding alcohol in a stereoselective manner.
Reduction of titanocene dichloride in the presence of conjugated dienes such as 1,3-butadiene gives η3-allyltitanium complexes. Related reactions occur with diynes. Furthermore, titanocene can catalyze C–C bond metathesis to form asymmetric diynes.
Derivatives of (C5Me5)2TiCl2
Many analogues of Cp2TiCl2 are known. Prominent examples are the ring-methylated derivatives (C5H4Me)2TiCl2 and (C5Me5)2TiCl2.
Catalysis
Titanium catalysts are an attractive from the perspective of green chemistry, i.e. the low toxicity and high abundance of titanium.
Medicinal research
Titanocene dichloride was investigated as an anticancer drug. In fact, it was both the first non-platinum coordination complex and the first metallocene to undergo a clinical trial.
References
Further reading
.
Titanium halides
Titanocenes
Chloro complexes
Titanium(IV) compounds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanocene%20dichloride |
Hans Holzer (26 January 1920 – 26 April 2009) was an Austrian-American author and parapsychologist. He wrote more than 120 books on supernatural and occult subjects for the popular market as well as several plays, musicals, films, and documentaries, and hosted a television show, Ghost Hunter (not to be confused with Ghost Hunters).
Life and career
Holzer was born in Vienna, Austria, the son of Martha (Stransky) and Leo Holzer, a businessman. His interest in the supernatural was sparked at a young age by stories told to him by his uncle Henry. He went on to study archaeology and ancient history at the University of Vienna but as the family was Jewish, they decided it was unsafe to stay in Austria and left the country for New York City in 1938. He studied Japanese at Columbia University and, after studying comparative religion and parapsychology, claimed to have obtained a Ph.D. at a school called the London College of Applied Science which has never been validated. He went on to teach parapsychology at the New York Institute of Technology. Holzer wrote more than 120 books on ghosts and the afterlife.
His extensive involvement in researching the supernatural included investigating The Amityville Horror and some of the most prominent haunted locations around the world. He also worked with well-known trance mediums such as Ethel Johnson-Meyers, Sybil Leek, and Marisa Anderson. Holzer has been credited with creating the term "The Other Side" (already in use, however, in nineteenth-century spiritualism) or in full "The Other Side of Life". He is sometimes credited with having coined the term ghost hunter, which was the title of his first book on the paranormal published in 1963; however, an earlier book by Harry Price, published in 1936, was titled Confessions of a Ghost Hunter.
In 1970, Holzer published a study of spirit photography called Psychic Photography: Threshold of a New Science?. The book included photographs taken by the spirit photographer John Myers.
Holzer believed in life after death and the existence of ghosts, spirits, and "stay behinds". Ghosts were, according to him, imprints left in the environment which could be "picked up" by sensitive people. Spirits were intelligent beings who could interact with the living, while "stay behinds" were those who found themselves earth-bound after death. He also believed in reincarnation and the existence of "levels of consciousness".
Holzer and his wife Countess Catherine Geneviève Buxhoeveden, a sixth-generation descendant of Russian Empress Catherine the Great, had two daughters. The marriage was eventually dissolved.
The Amityville Horror
Holzer's most famous investigation was into The Amityville Horror case. In January 1977, Holzer and spiritual medium Ethel Meyers entered 112 Ocean Avenue in Amityville, New York. Meyers claimed that the house had been built over an ancient Native American burial ground and the angry spirit of a Shinnecock Indian Chief, "Rolling Thunder", had possessed the previous occupant, Ronald Defeo Jr., driving him to murder his family. Photographs taken at the scene revealed curious anomalies such as the halos which appeared in the supposed images of bullet marks made in the original 1974 murders. Holzer's claim that the house was built on Indian sacred land was, however, denied by the local Amityville Historical Society and it was pointed out that it was the Montaukett Indians, and not the Shinnecocks, who had been the original settlers in the area. Holzer went on to write several books about the subject, both fiction and non-fiction.
Vegetarianism
Holzer was a vegetarian and teetotaler. In 1973, he authored The Vegetarian Way of Life. In the book he stated that "I myself am a Lactarian: I eat cheeses and milk products but I do not eat eggs or egg products. Those who are Lactarians like myself find that their diet is well-balanced and generally there is enough of a variety of foods available to them so that no problem of nutrition exists."
Reception
Holzer's endorsement of psychics in ghost hunting was criticized in an article for the Journal for the Society for Psychical Research which "cast considerable doubt on the objectivity and reliability of his work as a whole." Holzer was a proponent of psychic archaeology, which has been widely criticized as pseudoscience.
His book Patterns of Destiny from 1975 appeared as a noticeable prop in the movie Flatliners, standing next to the framed photograph of Julia Roberts character's dead father.
Skeptical investigator Joe Nickell has written that Holzer did not provide verification for some of his claims and he credulously accepted spirit photographs, anecdotal reports, and other doubtful evidence.
Nickell also wrote that the mediums Holzer endorsed, Ethel Meyers and Sybil Leek, offered "unsubstantiated, even unverifiable claims, or information that can be gleaned from research sources or from knowledgeable persons by “cold reading” (an artful method of fishing for information)."
Fellow ghost hunter Peter Underwood wrote an obituary for Holzer in The Guardian, in which he disputed Holzer's claim (made in his 1979 book Murder in Amityville) that the house on Ocean Avenue in Amityville was built on the site of a Shinnecock burial ground.
Holzer's daughter, Alexandra Holzer, wrote a 2008 book titled Growing Up Haunted, based on her life with her father and his paranormal quest. The book was optioned by Vance Entertainment to be developed as a potential feature film.
Travel Channel began a TV series in 2019, The Holzer Files, that returns current ghost hunters to some of Hans Holzer's documented cases.
Bibliography
(co-written with Philip Solomon)
(co-written with Antonio Silva)
References
External links
Interview with Holzer (ghostvillage.com).
Hans Holzer - Daily Telegraph obituary, 1 May 2009.
Obituary in The Guardian by Peter Underwood, 18 June 2009.
Obituary in The Economist, 7 May 2009.
Obituary in The New York Times by William Grimes (journalist), 29 April 2009.
Bibliography (fantasticfiction.co.uk).
Findagrave Memorial
1920 births
2009 deaths
American occult writers
American spiritualists
American vegetarianism activists
Austrian emigrants to the United States
Austrian male writers
Paranormal investigators
American parapsychologists
The Amityville Horror | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Holzer |
Martin Vučić (, ) is a Macedonian pop musician.
Biography
He finished elementary school in Skopje and expressed his interests in music at an early age. He started playing drums at the age of 3 and at the age of 7, he participated at numerous music festivals for children. He represented Macedonia at the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest in Kyiv, finishing 17th with the song "Make My Day". He won second place at Ohrid Fest with the song "Rano mi e da se vrzam". The song was ranked as the 'Most Popular Song of the Year 2002' in the Republic of Macedonia. At the 2002 Budva festival in Serbia and Montenegro, he won the prize awarded by journalists and critics. He was voted as the 'Discovery of the Year 2002' in the country, winning an album contract with BKSound. He was also voted 'Discovery of the Year 2002' in the Republic of Macedonia. He won the Interpretation Award at Mak fest for the song "Harem". He was 'Singer of the Year 2004' in Macedonia and also won 'Duet of the Year'. He has been invited to appear on one of Turkey's most popular TV shows. In Turkey he is known as ‘Macedonian Tarkan’. Vučić has been selected as an exclusive star for City Records.
To date, Martin has released two albums, Rano Mi E Da Se Vrzam (It's Too Early To Get Tied Down) and Muza (Muse). The title song "Muza" was composed by Macedonian artist Toše Proeski and the album also included a duet with Croatian star Danijela Martinović. Vučić recently promoted a Serbian version of "Muza", titled "Put Do Istine" ("Road To The Truth"). During the 2006 Eurovision Song Contest, Vučić was chosen to read out the Macedonian televotes to Greece and sang a song in Greek — "Maria Me Ta Kitrina" to Maria Menounos. Much later that year, he was a runner up at the Sunčane Skale Festival with the song "Tise Kucaj Srce Moje", a duet with Goran Karan.
In the media, he is famous for being a very good friend of Toše Proeski who composed the song title of the album Muza.
On 2 August 2008, Martin released an instrumental album containing tradition dance (ora) instrumentals composed by his grandfather, Pece Atanasovski.
He is a master of Music Art and is a docent at the Music Academy for percussion.
He works at Macedonian Philharmony and is a member of Big bend- Macedonian Radio Television.
In 2018, he became the general manager for the national ensemble of Macedonian folk dances and songs, Tanec.
Discography
Albums
Rano e da se vrzam/Rano mi je da se vezem
Muza
Makedonski zvuci/Macedonian Sounds
Singles
2005: "Make My Day"
2006: "Tise kucaj srce moje"
2007: "Biber i čokolada"
References
Living people
Musicians from Skopje
21st-century Macedonian male singers
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for North Macedonia
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2005
Macedonian pop singers
Macedonian people of Serbian descent
Year of birth missing (living people)
Beovizija contestants | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87 |
Eastcliff or East Cliff may refer to:
Eastcliff, Johannesburg, a suburb of Johannesburg, South Africa
Eastcliff, Pretoria, a suburb of Pretoria, South Africa
East Cliff, Bournemouth, a suburb of Bournemouth in the United Kingdom
Eastcliff (mansion), the residence of the president of the University of Minnesota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastcliff |
Memories of Underdevelopment () is a 1968 Cuban drama film written and directed by Tomás Gutiérrez Alea. The story is based on a novel by Edmundo Desnoes entitled Inconsolable Memories (Memorias del Subdesarrollo). It was Gutiérrez Alea's fifth film, and probably his most famous worldwide.
The film gathered several awards at international film festivals. It was elected the 144th best film of all time in the Sight & Sound 2012 poll. It was ranked by the New York Times as one of the 10 best films of 1968.
Plot
Sergio, a wealthy bourgeois aspiring writer, decides to stay in Cuba even though his wife and friends flee to Miami. Sergio looks back over the changes in Cuba, from the Cuban Revolution to the missile crisis, the effect of living in what he calls an underdeveloped country, and his relations with his girlfriends Elena and Hanna. Memories of Underdevelopment is a complex character study of alienation during the turmoil of social changes. The film is told in a highly subjective point of view through a fragmented narrative that resembles the way memories function. Throughout the film, Sergio narrates the action, and at times is used as a tool to present bits of political information about the climate in Cuba at the time. In several instances, real-life documentary footage of protests and political events are incorporated into the film and played over Sergio's narration to expose the audience to the reality of the Revolution. The timeframe of the film is somewhat ambiguous, but it appears to take place over a few months.
Cast
Sergio Corrieri as Sergio Carmona Mendoyo, a bourgeois intellectual
Daisy Granados as Elena, a teenaged girl fond of boleros
Eslinda Nunez as Noemi
Omar Valdés as Pablo
René de la Cruz as Elena's brother
Yolanda Farr as Laura
Ofelia González as Hanna
Edmundo Desnoes as himself / panelist
René Depestre as himself / panelist
Gianni Toti as himself / panelist
David Viñas as himself / panelist
Jack Gelber as himself
Production details
Before the film's release, both the director, Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, and the main actor, Sergio Corrieri, were concerned that the film wouldn't be successful. The film was largely inexpensive to produce, as it was made without many technological or economic resources, and as a result Gutiérrez Alea feared that his vision wouldn’t translate to the screen.
Another concern of Gutiérrez Alea's was that Corrieri would seem too young for his part. At the time of shooting in 1968 Corrieri was 28, yet the character was intended to be 38. Gutiérrez Alea and Corrieri worked together to capture the "different rhythm" that Corrieri needed to take on to play the part of someone 10 years his senior in a number of ways, including by dyeing Corrieri's hair grey.
Hanna, Sergio's long-lost love in the film, was intended to be a much larger character, but the actress that ended up being cast was not a professional, so the character's role was reduced.
Because of the political turmoil between the US and Cuba at the time, the US government denied Gutiérrez Alea a visitor's visa in 1970 when he attempted to enter the US to receive several awards he had won for Memories of Underdevelopment, using the Trading with the Enemy Act as justification.
Sergio's apartment in the film was a penthouse in the FOCSA Building.
Adaptation from novel to film
The film adaptation has generally been regarded as an improvement on the novel. In an interview in 1999, Sergio Corrieri was quoted stating, “I think that Memories is one of the few cases in which the film is better than the novel, because usually the opposite is the case. Almost always the cinematic version of a novel comes up short, but here the film transcended the novel.” Gutiérrez Alea explains in an interview with Cineaste in 1977 that at a certain point the novel “was to be betrayed, negated and transformed into something else” for it to be successful as a film. Gutiérrez Alea also comments that the author, Desnoes, was fully conscious of the fact that his book would be changed as it was made into a movie, and therefore he was able to keep a positive attitude. Desnoes ended up attending shooting sessions and making valuable suggestions. Desnoes commented that the film achieved a level of artistic success that the novel missed because Gutiérrez Alea “objectivized a world that was shapeless… and still abstract in the book” by adding “social density.” Desnoes appears himself as a panelist in a round table.
The film was poorly received by some critics because Sergio was an unconventional protagonist. The author of the novel, Edmundo Desnoes, writes of Sergio in Cine Cubano, “that is the tragedy of Sergio. His irony, his intelligence, is a defense mechanism which prevents him from being involved in the reality.”
Reception
Widely acclaimed as one of the best films of its nation and of its era in terms of bringing together art and politics, and described by John King as 'the most interesting exploration of the problem in any cultural medium'. Because many Cubans already had a revolutionary mentality by the time the film was released, it was regarded more as a representation of an outdated stream of thought. Memories of Underdevelopment was popular in the United States. Many American critics were "suitably impressed by the film as a stylistic tour de force as well as a subtle and complex portrait of an uncommitted intellectual from a bourgeois background swept up in a vortex of revolutionary change and the threat of nuclear extinction at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis." In an interview with Cineaste Magazine in 1977, Gutiérrez Alea is quoted saying that "Memories was in general much better understood and evaluated in the US because people perceived the attempt to criticize the bourgeois mentality."
The film was selected for screening as part of the Cannes Classics section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.
See also
Cinema of Cuba
References
External links
Derek Malcolm of the Guardian places "Memorias del Subdesarrollo" at number 54 in his 100 greatest movies
Memories of Underdevelopment: Imaging History an essay by Joshua Jelly-Schapiro at the Criterion Collection
Cuban drama films
Existentialist films
1960s Spanish-language films
Films about the Cuban Missile Crisis
Films about the Cuban Revolution
Films based on Cuban novels
Films directed by Tomás Gutiérrez Alea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memories%20of%20Underdevelopment |
Haplogroup R2a, or haplogroup R-M124, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic markers M124, P249, P267, L266, and is mainly found in South Asia as well as in Central Asia, Caucasus, Southwest Asia, and the Arab countries with low frequencies.
Term history
Haplogroup R2a is also known as haplogroup R-M124. The first reference to the newly defined haplogroup, "R-M124", was on 25 August 2010.
Before the publication of the 2005 Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree, Haplogroup R-M124 was known as Haplogroup P1 and formerly thought to be a sister clade of Haplogroup R rather than derived from it.
Haplogroup R2 most often observed in Asia, especially on the Indian sub-continent and Central Asia. It is also reported at notable frequencies in Caucasus.
Origins
According to ,
uncertainty neutralizes previous conclusions that the intrusion of HGs R1a1 and R2 [Now R-M124] from the northwest in Dravidian-speaking southern tribes is attributable to a single recent event. Rather, these HGs contain considerable demographic complexity, as implied by their high haplotype diversity. Specifically, they could have actually arrived in southern India from a southwestern Asian source region multiple times, with some episodes considerably earlier than others.
Subclades
Paragroup R-M124*
Paragroup is a term used in population genetics to describe lineages within a haplogroup that are not defined by any additional unique markers. They are typically represented by an asterisk (*) placed after the main haplogroup.
Y-chromosomes which are positive to the M124, P249, P267, and L266 SNPs and negative to the L295, L263, and L1069 SNPs, are categorized as belonging to Paragroup R-M124*. It is found in Iraq, so far.
Haplogroup R-L295
Haplogroup R-L295 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic marker L295. It is found in South Asia, Anatolia, Arabian Peninsula, Europe, & Central Asia so far.
Haplogroup R-L263
Haplogroup R-L263 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic marker L263. It is found in Greek Asia Minor & Armenia so far.
Haplogroup R-L1069
Haplogroup R-L1069 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic marker L1069. It is found in Kuwait so far.
Distribution
R-M124 is most often observed in Asia, especially on the Indian sub-continent and in Central Asia It is also reported at notable frequencies in Caucasus.
Historical
Ancient samples of haplogroup R2a were observed in the remains of humans from Neolithic, Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Iran and Turan; and Iron Age South Asia. R2a was also recovered from excavated remains in the South Asian sites of Saidu Sharif and Butkara from a later period.
South Asia
Haplogroup R-M124, along with haplogroups H, L, R1a1, and J2, forms the majority of the South Asian male population. The frequency is around 10-15% in India and Sri Lanka and 7-8% in Pakistan. Its spread within South Asia is very extensive, ranging from Baluchistan in the west to Bengal in the east; Hunza in the north to Sri Lanka in the south.
India
Among regional groups, it is found among West Bengalis (23%), New Delhi Hindus (20%), Punjabis (5%) and Gujaratis (3%).
Among tribal groups, Karmalis of West Bengal showed highest at 100% (16/16) followed by Lodhas (43%) to the east, while Bhil of Gujarat in the west were at 18%, Tharus of north showed it at 17%, Chenchu and Pallan of south were at 20% and 14% respectively. Among caste groups, high percentages are shown by Jaunpur Kshatriyas (87%), Kamma Chaudhary (73%), Bihar Yadav (50%), Khandayat (46%)and Kallar (44%).
It is also significantly high in many Brahmin groups including Punjabi Brahmins (25%), Bengali Brahmins (22%), Konkanastha Brahmins (20%), Chaturvedis (32%), Bhargavas (32%), Kashmiri Pandits (14%) and Lingayat Brahmins (30%).
North Indian Muslims have a frequency of 19% (Sunni) and 13% (Shia), while Dawoodi Bohra Muslim in the western state of Gujarat have a frequency of 16% and Mappila Muslims of South India have a frequency of 5%.
Pakistan
The R2 haplogroup in the northern regions of Pakistan is found among Burusho people (14%), Pashtuns (10%) and Hazaras (4%).
In southern regions, it is found among Balochis (12%), Brahuis (12%) and Sindhi (5%).
Afghanistan
The R2-M124 haplogroup occurs at a considerably higher rate in the northern regions of Afghanistan (11.4%). Although the true percentage remains debated, the haplogroup is known to be at elevated levels in the Pamiri population (number ranges from 6-17% depending on the group). One study on Nuristanis shows a 20% frequency of R2 (1/5), albeit with a small sample size.
Sri Lanka
38% of the Sinhalese of Sri Lanka were found to be R2 positive according to a 2003 research.
Central Asia
In Kazakh tribes it varies from 1% to 12%, however it is found at a higher percent at about 25% among Tore Tribe / Genghis Khans descendant tribe.
In Central Asia, Tajikistan shows Haplogroup R-M124 at 6%, while the other '-stan' states vary around 2%. Bartangis of Tajikistan have a high frequency of R-M124 at about 17%, Ishkashimi at 8%, Khojant at 9% and Dushanbe at 6%.
Specifically, Haplogroup R-M124 has been found in approximately 7.5% (4/53) of recent Iranian emigrants living in Samarkand, 7.1% (7/99) of Pamiris, 6.8% (3/44) of Karakalpaks, 5.1% (4/78) of Tajiks, 5% (2/40) of Dungans in Kyrgyzstan, 3.3% (1/30) of Turkmens, 2.2% (8/366) of Uzbeks, and 1.9% (1/54) of Kazakhs.
East Asia
A 2011 genetic study found R-M124 in 6.7% of Han Chinese from western Henan, 3.4% of Han Chinese from Gansu and 2.1% to 4.2% of Uyghurs from Xinjiang.
In a 2014 paper, R-M124 has been detected in 0.9% (1/110) of Han Chinese samples from China. The sample belonged to an individual from Jilin province.
West Asia
The haplogroup R-M124 frequency of 6.1% (6/114) was found among overall Kurds while in one study which was done with 25 samples of Kurmanji Kurds from Georgia, R-M124 has been observed at 44% (11/25)
In Caucasus high frequency was observed in Armenians from Sason at 17% (18/104) while it was observed at %1 in Armenians from Van. R2 has been found in Chechens at 16%. R-M124 has been found in approximately 8% (2/24) of a sample of Ossetians from Alagir.
In the Caucasus, around 16% of Mountain Jews, 8% of Balkarians, 6% of Kalmyks, 3% of Azerbaijanis, 2.6% of Kumyks, 2.4% of Avars, 2% of Armenians, and 1% to 6% of Georgians belong to the R-M124 haplogroup. Approximately 1% of Turks and 1% to 3% of Iranians also belong to this haplogroup.
In Iran R-M124 follows a similar distribution as R1a1 with higher percentages in the southeastern Iran. It has been found at Frequencies of 9.1% at Isfahan, 6.9% at Hormozgan and 4.2% in Mazandaran.
Arab World
In the R2-M124-WTY and R-Arabia Y-DNA Projects, Haplogroup R-M124 has appeared in the following Arab countries: Kuwait (3 clusters), United Arab Emirates (1 cluster), Syrian Arab Republic (1 cluster), and Tunisia (1 cluster).
Thus, Haplogroup R-M124 has been observed among Arabs at low frequencies in 11 countries/territories (Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Palestine, Qatar, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen) of the 22 Arab countries/territories so far.
In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia so far has one family identified to have Haplogroup R2A (R-M124) of its paternal genome or Y-Chromosome updated 5 January; 2018.
Position on the ISOGG tree and related SNPs
Haplogroup R-M124 is a subgroup of Haplogroup R-M479 (M479):
R-M479 (M479)
R-M124 (M124, P249, P267, L266)
R-L295 (L295)
R-L263 (L263)
R-L1069 (L1069)
Prediction with haplotypes
Haplotype can be used to predict haplogroup. The chances of any person part of this haplogroup is the highest if DYS391=10, DYS392=10 and DYS426=12.
See also
Genetics and Archaeogenetics of South Asia: R1a1 and R2
Genealogical DNA test
Y-DNA R-M207 subclades
Y-DNA backbone tree
Notes
References
.
External links
Spread of R2
The India Genealogical DNA Project
R2 Y-Chromosome Haplogroup DNA Project
Digging into Haplogroup R2 (Y-DNA)
R2-M124-WTY (Walk Through the Y) Project
R-Arabia Y-DNA Project
List of R2 frequency
M124
R | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20R-M124 |
The Origins of The Koran: Classic Essays on Islam’s Holy Book is a 1998 book edited by Ibn Warraq. It contains a collection of 13 critical studies of the Qur'an written over the past two centuries by historians and scholars of the Middle East: Ibn Warraq, Theodor Nöldeke, Leone Caetani, Alphonse Mingana, Arthur Jeffery, David Samuel Margoliouth, Abraham Geiger, William St. Clair Tisdall, Charles Cutler Torrey and Andrew Rippin. Most of these authors wrote their essays on the Qur'an before World War II (1939–1945).
The book examines widely held beliefs about the historical origins and sources of the Islamic holy book. It challenges the notion that the Qur'an is error free, a view held by most Muslims. Divided into four parts, the book presents an examination of the Qur'an. After an introduction in Part One, Part Two focuses on the difficulty of establishing a reliable Qur'anic text, while Part Three claims to detail the Jewish, Christian, and Zoroastrian sources of the Qur'an. Part Four attempts to disprove the historical reliability of the earliest Islamic sources.
Reviews
Herbert Berg in his review from the Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies summarized the essays lauding the inclusion of the essay by Theodor Nöldeke while panning the inclusion of William St. Clair Tisdall's as "not a particularly scholarly essay". He concluded "[i]t seems that Ibn Warraq has included some of the essays not on the basis of their scholarly value or their status as 'classics', but rather on the basis of their hostility to Islam. This does not necessarily diminish the value of the collection, but the reader should be aware that this collection does not fully represent classic scholarship on the Quran."
François de Blois criticized Ibn Warraq's work for including the essay by St. Clair Tisdall describing it as a "shoddy piece of missionary propaganda" and the "worst" among the essays of the book. De Blois also indicated that there are "quite a few mistakes in the spelling of both of Arabic and of European languages" and added that "the fact that the piece of Qur'anic calligraphy reproduced on the front cover has been printed up-side down is not, presumably, an intentional insult to the editor's former co-religionists".
Christopher Melchert, a professor at the University of Oxford, said that the collection offered "a fair impression of European Qur’an studies in the first half of the twentieth century" but also believes that the sources that Warraq cites are better to be read first-hand.
Todd Lawson said regarding the book that "arrogance and amateurish assumptions abound; and all is sounded in the key of gormless hysteria...It must be said that it undoubtedly demonstrates the editor's diligence and industry in finding churlish things to say about the Qur'an in English. It is difficult to recommend this production, except perhaps for antiquarian interests and the archaeology of the study of Islam."
See also
Criticism of the Quran
References
External links
A summary of The Origins of The Koran: Classic Essays on Islam's Holy Book
Books critical of Islam
Works published under a pseudonym
1998 non-fiction books
1998 in Islam
Works about the Quran | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Origins%20of%20the%20Koran |
"The Wettest Stories Ever Told" is the eighteenth episode of the seventeenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 23, 2006.
Plot
When the Simpsons' plans for an outing at the Frying Dutchman turns into a disaster due to an uncooperative octopus, the family tells three nautically themed stories.
Mayflower Madman
In Lisa's story, Bart, Lisa and a widowed Marge board the Mayflower to head for the new world. Homer, fleeing from the police, boards the ship and hides in a barrel. Homer is immediately attracted to Marge, however, Moe is instantly jealous of their friendship. Moe takes Homer down to the storage room to play a drinking game. Homer and the crew get drunk, and Moe claims that Homer is responsible, leading Captain "Flandish" (Flanders) and Reverend Lovejoy to place him in a stock.
A storm approaches, and Flandish is knocked unconscious. Homer volunteers to take his place, and leads them safely out of the storm. Homer and Marge get together, and the members of the Mayflower meet the Wampanoag tribe and join them for the first Thanksgiving feast.
The Whine-Bar Sea
In Bart's story, the Bounty sets sail from England in 1789, commanded by Captain Bligh (Seymour Skinner). During the voyage, Bligh severely mistreats his crew. Willie warns him of a mutiny if he continues, but Bligh ignores him. They arrive in Tahiti, (where Homer and Marge are the rulers of the island) and have a wonderful time until it is time to leave.
Bligh continues to abuse the crew, leading First Mate Bart Christian, to mutiny, sending Bligh and Willie off in a lifeboat. Bart, as the new Captain, orders the crews to set sail for Tahiti, but after throwing away the ship's helm, they end up in Antarctica.
Watership D'ohn (aka, The Neptune Adventure)
Homer tells the final story, a parody of the 1972 film The Poseidon Adventure, taking place on the luxury liner S.S. Neptune on New Year's Eve during the 1970s. At midnight, Captain Burns fails to notice a massive freak wave, which hits the bridge, capsizing the ship and killing most of the passengers. Led by Selma, the survivors (which include the Simpsons, Lenny, Carl, Sideshow Mel, Comic Book Guy and the Old Jewish Man) decide to climb up the decks to the engine room, during which Lenny falls to his death, saying that it is "too confusing" to carry on.
Comic Book Guy swims through a flooded deck to help the others get to the engine room, but he has a heart attack and drowns. The group makes it to the engine room, and are rescued, but Sideshow Mel is killed when he is accidentally set on fire by one of the rescue crew welding a hole in the ship. Once outside the ship, the survivors encounter the skeletons of the Bounty crew who are still trying to get back to Tahiti.
Reception
In its original airing, the episode was watched by 7 million viewers, the lowest ratings of season 17.
References
External links
The Simpsons (season 17) episodes
2006 American television episodes
HMS Bounty in fiction
Fiction set in the 1970s
Television episodes set in Tahiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wettest%20Stories%20Ever%20Told |
, meaning "battleship island" in Japanese, is the nickname of several islands:
Hashima Island (Japanese: Hashima), Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan
Mitsukejima, Suzu, Ishikawa, Japan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunkanjima%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Smithfield is a street with a length of approximately 1,300 m in Kennedy Town, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Its northern section is a commercial and residential area, while its southern section is a road connecting it to Pok Fu Lam Road. Smithfield was historically the site of a cattle quarantine depot and a slaughterhouse, and was probably named after its London namesake.
Location
The street begins at New Praya, Kennedy Town () at the Victoria Harbour shore of the town, at Belcher Bay, and extends south into Mount Davis. It crosses two of the main streets of Kennedy Town: Catchick Street () and Belcher's Street. To the south, Smithfield forms T-shaped intersections with Rock Hill Street (), Forbes Street (), Pokfield Road, Lung Wah Street (). It ends at a junction with Pok Fu Lam Road and Mount Davis Road ().
Features
Smithfield Municipal Services Building (), located at 12K Smithfield. It houses the Smithfield Sports Centre, Smithfield Market and Smithfield Public Library. The fourth floor houses a study corner for school students. The entrances for the different activities are separated and the market is segregated from the library and the indoor games hall.
Kennedy Town station of the MTR, opened on 28 December 2014
Kwun Lung Lau, one of the first public housing developments in Hong Kong, built in 1967
Kennedy Town Fire Station, located at the northern end of Smithfield, at the corner with New Praya, Kennedy Town.
Forbes Street Temporary Playground, located at the junction of Forbes Street and Smithfield
(former) Kennedy Town Swimming Pool, at 12N Smithfield. It was demolished to facilitate the construction of Kennedy Town station.
History
Cattle depot
The area bound by the present day Rock Hill Street and Pokfield Path () was historically the site of a cattle quarantine depot and a slaughterhouse to house and slaughter live cattle when the animals first arrived in Hong Kong via the piers in Kennedy Town. The Kennedy Town Slaughterhouse was established in 1894.
Smithfield was an area frequented by people who worked as labourers at the cattle station, and the marketplaces nearby that have since become the Forbes Street Temporary Playground () and the North Street () red minibus terminus, and for the loading and unloading of sea cargo coming in and out of the piers of Kennedy Town.
The British novelist Martin Booth wrote in his 2004 autobiographical Gweilo: Memories of a Hong Kong Childhood: "the bellow of a cow in the Kennedy Town abattoir might lift up to me – to be abruptly cut short".
In 1961, the government decided that the slaughterhouse was to be relocated to the Kennedy Town Abattoir at Cadogan Street, and it moved in 1968. Despite calls to convert the original slaughterhouse site into a swimming pool, the government said in 1969 that the plan was not feasible until both the cattle depot and the former slaughterhouse complex (then occupied by the cattle depot as well) were released for redevelopment. The cattle depot was closed down in 1986, when the government finally decided that it was to be removed. The land was subsequently developed into the Kennedy Town Swimming Pool (, now demolished), Smithfield Market () and the Smithfield Municipal Services Building.
An abattoir and pig depot existed on the other south west side of Smithfield from the late 19th century until at least 1970.
Air raid tunnel
At the time of the Battle of Hong Kong in 1941, Smithfield was the site of the No. 9 Air Raid Tunnel.
Gasometer
Following the fire at the gasometer in Shek Tong Tsui (formerly known as West Point), the Hong Kong and China Gas Company had by 1936 purchased an area of land situated to the south of the cattle depot and erected a gasometer to replace the former gasometer at West Point. The gasometer was in existence until the early 1980s when it was demolished to make way for the construction of Smithfield Terrace () by Henderson Land Development Co. Ltd, the largest shareholder of Hong Kong and China Gas Company.
Municipal Services Building
Smithfield Municipal Services Building was completed in 1995, and was then called "The Urban Council Smithfield Complex". The Smithfield Sports Centre inside the building opened in July 1996. The market within the building opened in June 1996. It is divided into three parts, each occupying a separate floor: meat and wet fish market, fruit and vegetable market, cooked food stalls. These retail outlets were previously located in the surrounding streets of Kennedy Town, including the longstanding Smithfield Road Temporary Market, which was a licensed food market, and illegal hawkers at the junction of Smithfield and Belcher's Street.
Extension
Until the mid-1990s, Smithfield was a dead end street at the top end with Wah Fai House (), Mei Wah Mansion () and Smithfield Garden (), which are to the south of the Lung Wah Street junction, marking the end of the street. However, record of the Lands Department shows that Ho Chong (何莊; lit. "Farmstead of the Ho family"), a Hotung ancestral family property situated at the hillside beyond the top end of the street, is given the address of "40A Smithfield" and should thus be treated technically as the original top end of Smithfield.
Later the soil on the hillside behind Wah Fai House and Mei Wah Mansion was removed, and a vehicle link between Smithfield and Pok Fu Lam Road was constructed. The link was opened to vehicles in early 1998 and is now known as Smithfield Extension, to be distinguished from the original top end of the street adjacent to Lung Wah Street.
Name
Smithfield is one of the few streets in Hong Kong without the use of words such as "Road", "Street", "Path", "Lane" etc. Other notable examples are Queensway in Admiralty, Broadway () in Mei Foo and Glenealy in Mid-Levels.
London namesake
Smithfield, Hong Kong, was probably named after its London namesake by the British colonial administration. Smithfield, London, is an area in the north-western part of the City of London with a history of over 800 years. It started as an area to house live cattle from the country before they were slaughtered and sold at the meat markets in the City of London. The area was frequented by people of the grassroots of society who worked there as labourers and traders of meat and other foodstuff in the marketplaces nearby. Though situated in England, Smithfield, London, has been a symbol of Scottish patriotism after William Wallace was executed there in 1305. Smithfield, London, as a landmark was promoted by literary works such as Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist and Mark Twain's The Prince and the Pauper.
The old cattle stations in both Smithfield, London and Smithfield, Hong Kong have ceased to exist and the locations were both replaced by a market. Both areas have since been redeveloped to accommodate middle class residents.
Name change
The street is often mistakenly written as Smithfield Road by local residents, affected by the Chinese suffix (lo, lit. road) and in Chinese, was often mistaken as too.
On 2 February 2007, the Lands Department proposed to rename Smithfield () as Smithfield Road (). However, the idea to add the word "Road" was opposed on the ground that the street name was unique in that it was named after and had a similar historical development as Smithfield, London. On 18 October 2007, the Government amended the proposal and announced that only the Chinese name of the street would be changed (from to ). The name change became official on 14 December 2007.
Transportation
Smithfield is served by trams, buses and minibuses. The Kennedy Town station of the MTR rapid transit railway opened to the public on 28 December 2014. It is located under Smithfield, the former Kennedy Town Swimming Pool and the Forbes Street Temporary Playground. The station has two exits on Smithfield: "A" on the east side connected to a green minibus terminus, and "C" on the west side next to the playground.
Green minibus routes 12, 13, and 23 use and stop on Smithfield.
A Green Mini Bus terminus is on Smithfield adjacent to the MTR exit A. Routes 58 and 59 were relocated from North Street on 25 December 2014, and route 58M started operating at 7am 29 December 2014. The new terminus includes a stop for GMB route 58A to Aberdeen, Hong Kong.
Bus route 43X used to use Smithfield to move between Pok Fu Lam Road and Kennedy Town. This route has a bus stop named "Kennedy Town Swimming Pool" despite its demolition to make way for the MTR station. It has since been canceled.
In the 1990s, road traffic in Smithfield was considered as "extremely heavy throughout the day", and as a consequence, the vehicular entrance of the Smithfield Municipal Services Building (completed in 1995) was assigned to the Rock Hill Street.
Intersections
Two-way road section
Listed from south to north.
One-way road section
Listed from north to south.
See also
List of streets and roads in Hong Kong
Sheung Shui Slaughterhouse
Other places named "Smithfield (disambiguation)"
With origin as a marketplace:
Smithfield, London, United Kingdom (sometimes referred to as West Smithfield)
Smithfield, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Smithfield, Dublin, Ireland
As a thoroughfare (i.e., a road or street):
East Smithfield, London, United Kingdom
References
External links
Google Maps of Smithfield
Kennedy Town
Roads on Hong Kong Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithfield%2C%20Hong%20Kong |
Lunch Boxes & Choklit Cows is a compilation album of previously unreleased demo tracks recorded in the early 1990s by American rock band Marilyn Manson (then known as Marilyn Manson & The Spooky Kids). Original guitarist Scott Putesky ("Daisy Berkowitz") obtained the rights to these and 11 other recordings in a lawsuit against Brian Warner ("Marilyn Manson"), and announced that this release is the first in a planned series of Spooky Kids CDs. Some are from demos and others have never been previously released. These are digitally remastered and Putesky says they sound better than the original cassettes because of it.
The album originally came packaged with a "bonus" DVD and slightly different artwork. The original cover had 5 cartoon figures of the band drawn by Marilyn Manson. However, after a lawsuit was filed, Putesky removed the artwork (originally by Warner) and the DVD (which contained footage of Warner & Stephen Bier) and re-released the CD. The re-released cover is the same as the original except the cartoon images are removed.
Copies of the original version with the DVD and artwork can occasionally be found on eBay or Amazon.
CD track listing
"Red (in My) Head" – 4:24
recorded January 1990 on the Beaver Meat Cleaver Beat demo.
"Dune Buggy" – 4:20
recorded August 1990 on the Grist-O-Line demo.
"Insect Pins" – 5:48
recorded February 1993.
"Learning to Swim" – 4:11
recorded March 1991 on the Lunchbox demo.
"Negative Three" – 4:38
recorded December 1991 on the After School Special demo.
"Meat for a Queen" – 3:02
recorded August 1990 on the Grist-O-Line demo.
"White Knuckles" – 2:24
recorded March 1990 on the Beaver Meat Cleaver Beat demo.
"Scaredy Cat" – 3:22
recorded November 1993.
"Thingmaker" [live] – 4:12
recorded July 1992 live in a rehearsal studio. It is originally from the Family Jams demo.
"Thrift" [live] – 6:24
recorded January 1992 live in a rehearsal studio. It is originally from the Refrigerator demo.
Bonus DVD listing (out of print)
"White Knuckles" (Live footage)
"Meat for a Queen" (Live footage)
"Dune Buggy" (Live footage)
"Spooky Gallery" (Still images)
Credits
Marilyn Manson — voices
Daisy Berkowitz — guitar, liner notes
Madonna Wayne Gacy — keyboards
Gidget Gein — bass
Sara Lee Lucas — drums
Paul Klein – executive producer
Mike Fuller – mastering
Rama Barwick – project coordinator
Sharon Slade – project coordinator
Aldo Venturacci – art direction
Sean Weeks – design
References
External links
Series of press releases about this release
http://spookykids.net/indexxx.html
Marilyn Manson (band) albums
2004 compilation albums
2004 video albums
2004 live albums
Live video albums
Unauthorized albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunch%20Boxes%20%26%20Choklit%20Cows |
Cradlewell is an area within Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is most noted for its spired church and its public house, 'The Cradlewell' which opened in 1904 and later closed, for conversion to a hotel & restaurant. It developed as the main road crossing point of the steep Ouseburn valley. Jesmond Dene is close by.
The name may simply be from a cradle shaped horse trough situated at the edge of Jesmond Road in a prominent position.
The historic Armstrong Bridge emerges into Cradlewell with Jesmond Dene to the north and Jesmond Vale to the south of the bridge.
In 1993 work began on a bypass for the Cradlewell area, replacing the very steep Benton Bank as the main thoroughfare. It joined the A1058 Coast Road with the Central Motorway after much protest from people who were opposed to cutting down so many ancient trees. There were tree-top demonstrations that held up the construction for a long time.
References
Districts of Newcastle upon Tyne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cradlewell |
My Sister's Machine was an American rock band from Seattle, Washington, formed in 1989. Its members were Nick Pollock (lead vocals, guitar), Owen Wright (guitar), Chris Ivanovich (bass guitar), and Chris Gohde (drums).
This band recorded and released two albums, Diva and Wallflower, before they broke up in 1994. They reunited in 2010 to headline the Layne Staley Tribute and Benefit Concert that year as Pollock had previously played guitar in an early incarnation of Alice in Chains, the glam metal band Alice N' Chains that also included Staley.
History
Background (1984–1989)
Before the formation of My Sister's Machine, guitarist Owen Wright and drummer Chris Gohde were involved in a band called Mistrust in 1984; this band also included former Culprit singer Jeff L'Heureux. They recorded one album called Spin the World, which was released on CD in 2009 by Heart of Steel Records. This band did an extensive amount of touring before they broke up in 1988.
Meanwhile, Nick Pollock played guitar in a glam metal band called Alice N' Chains, a precursor to Alice in Chains that also included Layne Staley on vocals. The band recorded two demos and toured throughout the Seattle area for roughly one year before they broke up on friendly terms in 1987.
Formation, Diva, and Wallflower (1989–1994)
After the demise of their previous bands, Pollock joined Wright and Gohde to form My Sister's Machine along with bassist Chris Ivanovich. Since none of the other members had ever been a lead singer, Pollock got the job by default as he was also their primary lyricist.
In 1991, My Sister's Machine received the "Best New Group" award from the Northwest Music Association. They continued to garner much interest from the major record labels but ultimately chose to sign with a smaller label Caroline Records.
In 1992, they released their debut album, Diva to much critical acclaim. Steve Kurutz of AllMusic gave the album four and a half stars, calling it "a surprisingly strong record." Mike Boehm of Los Angeles Times opined, "Diva moves at a more rapid gait than either Alice in Chains or Soundgarden, and it dispenses with the leaden grunge that characterized the Seattle sound until a year or so ago (recent efforts out of the city, including, 'Diva,' tend to be far more melodic and better written)." Jim Washburn (also of Los Angeles Times) described the band as "more melodic and propulsive than its Seattle soul mates Alice in Chains" when discussing the album, but was far less enthused when he saw them onstage, writing "those qualities flattened out into a lank-haired generic grunge that prompted much of the audience to exit long before the hourlong show had concluded."
Still, Lonn Friend (editor of the heavy metal/rock music magazine RIP) who did a weekly segment called "Friend at Large" on Headbangers Ball on MTV, talked about how much he loved Diva. He also wore their shirt for two weeks on the show. The band later thanked Friend for his support in the liner notes of their next album Wallflower. Over the next year they did a tour with Pantera and White Zombie. They toured the United States and Europe. They did in-studio interviews on Headbangers Ball promoting their video on MTV for their single, I'm Sorry. They also co-headlined a tour with Pantera.
In 1993, they moved to Chameleon a division of Elektra Entertainment and released Wallflower in 1993. They toured the United States with King's X. Just a couple months after releasing the album, Elektra Entertainment folded the Chameleon division dropping all bands that were signed leaving the album and band unpromoted. After a string of bad luck, My Sister's Machine split up in 1994.
Post-break-up (1994–present)
Since the break-up of My Sister's Machine, Nick Pollock has fronted the bands Tanks of Zen and Soulbender; the latter also features longtime Queensrÿche guitarist Michael Wilton. Meanwhile, Wright has played guitar in a band called Old Lady Litterbug and Gohde has played drums for a band called Hot Rod Lunatics and Call for the Priest, the latter is a Judas Priest cover band.
Reunion (2010–present)
On June 4, 2010, the Layne Staley Fund announced that My Sister's Machine will be reuniting for the Layne Staley Tribute, held on August 21 of that year. My Sister's Machine has continued to play shows into the 2010s.
Legacy
In 2017, Metal Injection ranked My Sister's Machine at number 6 on their list of "10 Heaviest Grunge Bands".
Members
Nick Pollock – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Owen Wright – lead guitar, backing vocals
Chris Ivanovich – bass, backing vocals
Chris Gohde – drums
Discography
Albums
Diva (1992)
Wallflower (1993)
Singles
B-side
References
External links
My Sister's Machine on Myspace
American grunge groups
Hard rock musical groups from Washington (state)
Musical groups established in 1989
Musical groups disestablished in 1994
Musical groups from Seattle
American musical quartets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Sister%27s%20Machine |
In Persian and Zoroastrian legends, the mighty Gaokerena was a mythic Haoma plant that had healing properties when eaten and gave immortality to the resurrected bodies of the dead. The juice from its fruit gave the elixir of immortality. The name Gaokerena means "ox horn" or "cow ear".
Evil naturally tried to destroy this life-giving tree and formed a lizard or frog to attack it, but it was protected by the ten Kara fish and a donkey with nine mouths and six eyes.
At the resurrection, those who drink of the life-giving juice of this plant will obtain perfect welfare, including deathlessness.
It bears similarity to the Biblical and Islamic Tree of Life.
Notes
Persian mythology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaokerena |
"Get Rhythm" is a song written and recorded by American singer-songwriter and musician Johnny Cash. It was originally released as the B-side to the single release "I Walk the Line" in 1956 on Sun 241. It was re-released with overdubbed "live" effects in September 1969 as an A-side single and reached number 60 on the Billboard Pop chart.
Critical reception
Alice Randall in the book My Country Roots: The Ultimate MP3 Guide to America's Original Outsider Music asks the question, "racist, racialist, or race appreciating? You decide. Maybe the grinning "boy" hides something worth knowing in his mask as well as behind his mask. Well maybe he was white trash. "
Chart performance
"Get Rhythm" was released in 1956 as the B-side to Cash's first #1 hit, "I Walk the Line." In 1969, the original recording of "Get Rhythm" was released as a single itself, with sound effects dubbed in to simulate the sound of a live recording. This rerelease went to #23 on the country charts.
Martin Delray version
In 1991, Martin Delray recorded a cover of the song on his debut album, also entitled Get Rhythm. Released as his debut single, Delray's version featured guest vocals from Cash, as well as a guest appearance by him in the music video. It peaked at #27 on the country charts.
Chart performance
Other cover versions
NRBQ first recorded a rock'n'roll arrangement of "Get Rhythm" on At Yankee Stadium, and again on 1982's Grooves in Orbit. In 1986 British pub rock band Dr. Feelgood released a cover on their album Brilleaux. Ry Cooder first recorded a cover version of Get Rhythm for his eleventh studio album entitled 'Get Rhythm', released in November 1987. It was also included on 'The Ry Cooder Anthology: The UFO Has Landed (October 2008)'
References
1969 singles
1991 singles
Johnny Cash songs
Martin Delray songs
Rock-and-roll songs
Rockabilly songs
Songs written by Johnny Cash
Song recordings produced by Sam Phillips
Sun Records singles
Atlantic Records singles
1969 songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get%20Rhythm |
Erik Martin "Axe" Axenrot (born 5 March 1979 in Linköping, Sweden) is a Swedish death metal drummer, best known as the former drummer for progressive metal band Opeth (2005-2021). Since 2004, he is the drummer for Bloodbath. Known for his intricate playing style, his drumming has been highly praised by Opeth members and fans, with Mikael Åkerfeldt calling him "a joy to play with." Axenrot has also been jokingly referred to as The Lord of the Rings character Legolas by band members and fans.
On Blabbermouth.com, Mikael Åkerfeldt stated that Axenrot completed his drumming parts for eleven tracks on the Opeth album Watershed in just seven days.
Nathalie Lorichs, who performed vocals on "Coil" on Opeth's Watershed album, is Axenrot's girlfriend.
History
Martin Axenrot's second band, Triumphator, formed in 1995 and made two records ("The Ultimate Sacrifice" EP and full length "Wings of Antichrist"). Martin Axenrot was only involved with Triumphator's demo "The Triumph Of Satan", released in 1996. He left Triumphator after the demo’s release.
In 1999, Axenrot became a member of Witchery and Nifelheim.
In 2004, he joined Bloodbath as their new drummer after Dan Swanö who continued in the band as one of the guitarists and songwriters. Axenrot met Mikael Åkerfeldt sometime after 15 February 2005, when Peter Tägtgren quit Bloodbath and Åkerfeldt came back into the band again to replace Tägtgren. Axenrot commented on meeting Åkerfeldt, stating "I knew Mikael Åkerfeldt because of the Bloodbath project. I met the other members a couple times because I played festivals with other bands at the same time as Opeth. Sweden is too small to not know every band here. Everybody knows everybody."
On 29 August 2005, Martin Lopez of Opeth, had to leave the band again temporarily due to his illnesses. With Opeth searching for a temporary drummer, Patrik Jensen suggested to Åkerfeldt that his bandmate in Witchery, Axe, fill in. Åkerfeldt knew Axe a bit from being bandmates in Bloodbath, but going on Jensen's reference, Åkerfeldt got Axe to play with Opeth for five tours. On 12 May 2006 Axenrot officially joined Opeth, as Lopez never returned to Opeth after deciding to focus on Soen. On 16 November 2021, after 16 years with the band, it was announced that Axenrot had left Opeth due to "conflict of interests" (his Bloodbath bandmate Nick Holmes said in an interview that Axe decided against taking the Covid-19 vaccine); Sami Karppinen has filled in for the North American tour with Mastodon.
In 2010 Axe, together with Opeth bassist Martin Mendez, was performing together with the late Jon Lord and an Orchestra in Nidarosdomen, Trondheim, Norway.
Equipment
Axenrot is endorsed by DW Drums, Sabian cymbals, Evans heads and Pro Mark sticks.
Discography
References
External links
Biography at drummerszone.com
Interview by drummerszone.com
Opeth official website
1979 births
Living people
Anti-vaccination activists
Opeth members
Swedish heavy metal drummers
Witchery members
Bloodbath members
20th-century drummers
21st-century drummers
Drummers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Axenrot |
Tenda may refer to:
Tende, a town in southeastern France and formerly part of Italy
Tenda, a character and tribe in the video game EarthBound
Construtora Tenda
Tendaguru Formation, fossil-rich formations in Tanzania
Tenda, ethnic group of Guinea-Bissau
Tenda, is a village in vaishali district of bihar in India
Tenta, a neolithic settlement in Cyprus
Shenzhen Tenda Technology Co., Ltd., a manufacturer of networking hardware peripherals.
See also
Tend (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenda |
The Ordinance of Labourers 1349 (23 Edw. 3) is often considered to be the start of English labour law. Specifically, it fixed wages and imposed price controls; required all those under the age of 60 to work; prohibited the enticing away of another's servants; and other terms.
Background
The ordinance was issued in response to the 1348−1350 outbreak of the Black Death in England. During this outbreak, an estimated 30−40% of the population died. The decline in population left surviving workers in great demand in the agricultural economy of Britain.
Landowners had to face the choice of raising wages to compete for workers or letting their lands go unused. Wages for labourers rose and translated into inflation across the economy as goods became more expensive to produce. The wealthy elites suffered under the sudden economic shift. Difficulties in hiring labour created frustration. John Gower commented on post-plague labourers: "they are sluggish, they are scarce, and they are grasping. For the very little they do they demand the highest pay." On the other hand, while some workers suffered from increasing prices, others benefited from the higher wages they could command during this period of labour shortage. "The population losses from the plague caused wages to soar to levels that often exceeded those of the early 20th century", peasants and laborers who had previously been tied to the land were suddenly able to demand higher wages and greater freedom. Employers were then forced to compete for their labor or risk having a shortage of labor available to them. This shift in the value of labor was a key factor in the social and economic changes that occurred in Britain in the centuries that followed.
The law was issued by King Edward III of England on 18 June 1349.
The law
The ordinance required several things, including:
Everyone under 60 must work.
Employers must not hire excess workers.
Employers may not pay and workers may not receive wages higher than pre-plague levels.
Food must be priced reasonably with no excess profit.
No one, under the pain of imprisonment, was to give any thing to able-bodied beggars 'under the colour of pity or alms'.
Aftermath and repeal
The ordinance has largely been seen as ineffective. Despite the English parliament's attempt to reinforce the ordinance with the Statute of Labourers of 1351, workers continued to command higher wages and the majority of England (those in the labouring class) enjoyed a century of relative prosperity before the ratio of labour to land restored the pre-plague levels of wages and prices. While the economic situation eventually reverted, the plague radically altered the social structure of English society. The sudden loss of life gave more power to the laboring classes. This also helped weaken the landed elites that had to give up power in order to stay relevant both in society and in the economy. Another thing that changed due to this imbalance of power was an increase in worker negotiating power in the British economy. This slowly led to a gradual increase in workers rights.
It was later repealed by the Statute Law Revision Act 1863 and the Statute Law (Ireland) Revision Act 1872.
References
External links
Complete text of the Ordinance of Labourers, 1349, from Sources of British History
Complete text of the Ordinance of Labourers, 1349, from Fordham University
1349 in England
1340s in law
Economy of medieval England
History of labour law
Medieval English law
Price controls
United Kingdom labour law
Edward III of England
Regulation in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinance%20of%20Labourers%201349 |
Simon Norton may refer to:
Simon Norton (MP) (1578–1641), English politician
Simon P. Norton (1952–2019), English mathematician
See also
Norton Simon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Norton |
"The Monkey Suit" is the twenty-first and penultimate episode of the seventeenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 14, 2006. In the episode, Ned Flanders is shocked after seeing a new display at the museum about evolution. Together with Reverend Lovejoy, he spreads the religious belief of creationism in Springfield, and at a later town meeting, teaching evolution is made illegal. As a result, Lisa decides to hold secret classes for people interested in evolution. However, she is quickly arrested and a trial against her is initiated.
J. Stewart Burns wrote "The Monkey Suit", for which he received inspiration from the 1925 Scopes Monkey Trial. The episode features a few references to this legal case, as well as several references to popular culture. Many analysts have commented on the episode's treatment of the creation–evolution controversy, a dispute about the origin of humanity between those who support a creationist view based upon their religious beliefs, versus those who accept evolution, as supported by scientific evidence.
Critics have given the episode generally positive reviews, praising it for its satire of the creation-evolution debate. "The Monkey Suit" has won an award from the Independent Investigations Group (IIG) for being "one of those rare shows in the media that encourage science, critical thinking, and ridicule those shows that peddle pseudoscience and superstition." In 2007, a scene from the episode was highlighted in the scientific journal Nature.
Plot
Lisa decides to bring the family to the museum to see a weaving exhibit for her summer vacation, but they soon discover that it has been replaced by a "History of Weapons" exhibit, sponsored by Kellogg's. Faced with an incredibly long line, Homer notices Ned Flanders and his sons at the front of the line and cuts in front of them. Everyone else starts taking advantage of Ned’s kindness as well until the Flanders family is stuck at the end. At the end of the day, they are still waiting, and are denied entry, as it is closing time for the weapons exhibit. They decide to check out the human evolution exhibit next door. Ned is outraged to hear that humans actually evolved from apes and that the creation account in the Genesis is therefore a myth. Covering his sons' eyes, he forcefully drags them out of the exhibit.
Ned meets up with the church council to suggest promotion of creationism. The next day, he and Reverend Lovejoy blackmail Principal Skinner into introducing creationism in the school. Lisa is perturbed by this, and at a town meeting asks everyone to make a choice between creationism and Darwinism, as there is only one truth. The townspeople vote for creationism, much to her chagrin, and the act of teaching or learning Darwinism and evolution is made illegal. Lisa therefore decides to start holding secret classes for people interested in evolution. However, just as the first lesson is about to begin, she is arrested by Chief Wiggum. She asks why she is being arrested when there are far worse crimes out there, and embarrassed he tells her they only have enough manpower to enforce the last three laws passed, even stating that this is the worst law system there is (meanwhile Snake is seen at the KwiK-E-mart randomly shooting at people saying you live, you die, while the cops do nothing about it showing just how horrible they are at their jobs). Lisa is brought to trial, which is dubbed Lisa Simpson v. God. Representing her is Clarice Drummond, an ACLU lawyer, while on Ned's side is Wallace Brady, an overweight, southern lawyer. The trial does not go smoothly for Lisa, as Professor Frink gives ambiguous answers regarding God's existence, while a creationist says that evolution cannot be real, as there is no proof of a "missing link" (depicted in a picture as a savage hominid, holding a rock over his head).
With Lisa now facing a long jail sentence, her mother decides to help her out. Marge begins reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, which is incorrectly called The Origin of Species, and becomes addicted to it. When the trial resumes, Marge tells Lisa that she now knows a way that she can help her. While Ned is being cross-examined by Drummond, she gives Homer a beer. Homer, ecstatic at getting the beer, tries to open it unsuccessfully. The more he tries, the more primitive he gets, hooting and banging the beer on the bench, disrupting the trial. Ned loses his temper and tells Homer to stop behaving like a monkey. Drummond then asks Ned to compare the picture of the "missing link" and Homer shaking the beer over his head, and asks if he truly believes Homer cannot be related to apes. Ned cannot and concedes victory to Lisa. After the trial, Lisa goes up to Ned and tells him that while she fully respects his religious beliefs, she just does not think it is proper for the church to dominate the school in the same way that he and Reverend Lovejoy do not want scientists taking over the church. Ned finally agrees with this, so he offers to take Lisa and his sons out for ice cream.
Production
"The Monkey Suit" was written by J. Stewart Burns and directed by Raymond S. Persi as part of the seventeenth season of The Simpsons (2005–2006). Burns received inspiration for the episode from the Scopes Monkey Trial, a 1925 legal case in which high school science teacher John Scopes was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act which made teaching evolution unlawful. Clarice Drummond, the ACLU lawyer who represents Lisa, is a reference to the ACLU lawyer Clarence Darrow who defended Scopes, while Wallace Brady is a reference to William Jennings Bryan, an attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial. American actor and Dallas star Larry Hagman guest starred in the episode as Wallace Brady, while American actress Melanie Griffith played herself as the narrator of an audio tour at the museum. Burns did research for "The Monkey Suit" by reading Richard Dawkins' book The Selfish Gene and watching Inherit the Wind (a film based on the Scopes Monkey Trial). He also visited a natural history museum.
The opening of the episode, in which Bart rushes to do everything he planned on doing during summer vacation, was originally written and animated for the season fourteen episode "I'm Spelling as Fast as I Can" (2003) but was cut. This episode came in short, and to fill in time, the sequence was added. Burns has said commented the episode "ended up being incredibly short because when you do an episode where there's really just one good side of an argument [creation vs. evolution], you don't fill out as much time as you need to." The opening sequence features a large number of allusions to popular culture, including references to The Natural (1984 film), Happy Days (television sitcom), and Men in Black (1997 film).
Themes
"The Monkey Suit" is an episode that tackles the creation–evolution controversy, and according to Theresa Sanders in her book Approaching Eden: Adam and Eve in Popular Culture, "skewered antievolution legislation." The authors of the book Chronology of the Evolution-Creationism Controversy commented that the episode "caricatures creationism as an intellectual joke." Burns has cited the episode as "a nice example of The Simpsons really taking one clear side". However, as pointed out by Sanders, it "should be pointed out that though the Simpsons episode clearly sides with Darwin, evolutionists come in for criticism as well. When Ned and his sons go into the museum's Hall of Man, one of the exhibits they see in support of evolution is a collection of dinosaur bones with the title 'Indisputable Fossil Records.' The cartoon's inclusion of the sign can be interpreted as mocking the pretension that science knows all and may not be questioned." Sanders cited another scene as an example of this; at the trial, Drummond asks Professor Frink if "this theory of evolution necessarily mean that there is no God?", to which he replies, "No, of course not. It just says that God is an impotent nothing from nowhere with less power than the undersecretary of Agriculture." Sanders wrote that "His arrogance is clear, and equally clear is the show's satirical presentation of science's hubris."
Ted Gournelos analyzed "The Monkey Suit" in his 2009 book Popular Culture and the Future of Politics: Cultural Studies and the Tao of South Park, writing: "More than anything, the episode is used to critique the demonization of evolutionary theory by religious propaganda, by an instructional video used in the school (that shows a drunken Charles Darwin passionately kissing Satan) as well as by the prosecuting attorney. This allows for a somewhat leftist discussion of the issue, but ultimately is unable to address the rise of Christian fundamentalism in the United States [...]". Gournelos noted that the episode focuses on the old Scopes Monkey Trial and does not address contemporary creation–evolution debates, adding: "Interestingly, The Simpsons continues to place creationism at a higher popular plain than evolution, as the jury and trial audience are obviously biased towards the creationists (who, unlike in contemporary cases, are the prosecutors rather than the plaintiffs)." Gournelos concluded that the episode "pokes gentle fun at media rhetoric and the questioning of evolutionary theory [...], but is unable or unwilling to address the rise of intelligent design or contemporary court battles (in Pennsylvania [see Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District], Kansas [see Kansas evolution hearings], and elsewhere) that might encourage debate in its audience."
Release
The episode originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 14, 2006. During this broadcast, it was seen by approximately 8.41 millions viewers, finishing forty-sixth in the ratings for the week of May 8–14, 2006.
Since airing, the episode has received generally positive reviews from critics.
In a retrospective that was published on the twentieth anniversary of The Simpsons in 2010, writers for BBC News selected "The Monkey Suit" as one of the show's "10 classic episodes", one they said demonstrated that "the writers still have fire in their bellies."
TV Squad critic Adam Finley wrote that "Last night's episode had some good moments, but it did feel like they were treading upon somewhat familiar ground and not saying anything especially new," referring to the fact the issue of science and religion has been dealt with before on the show, "most notably in the 'Lisa the Skeptic' episode in which the supposed skeleton of a dead angel is found."
In 2007, "The Monkey Suit" won an award from the Independent Investigations Group (IIG) for being "one of those rare shows in the media that encourage science, critical thinking, and ridicule those shows that peddle pseudoscience and superstition." J. Stewart Burns, the writer of the episode, was present at the awards ceremony to accept the award.
While reviewing the seventeenth season of The Simpsons, Jesse Hassenger of PopMatters noted that he thought the show had declined in quality compared to its earlier years, and added that the stronger episodes in the later seasons are that ones that "satirize topical issues", giving "The Monkey Suit" as an example.
Similarly, Fort Worth Star-Telegram staff writer Robert Philpot commented that "Even in its weak seasons, this show has always been good for at least one belly laugh per episode. Not this year [season seventeen]. Aside from an installment that took on the evolution -vs.-creationism edge and a couple of other bits, the satirical edge has really dulled, making the announcement that it will have at least two more seasons a cause for concern rather than celebration."
In the July 26, 2007 issue of Nature, the scientific journal's editorial staff listed among "The Top Ten science moments in The Simpsons" the scene from the episode in which "Flanders is flabbergasted that the science museum's exhibit on the origins of man both highlights evolution and makes light of creationism — and, to top it all, has a unisex bathroom."
See also
History of the creation–evolution controversy
Creation and evolution in public education
References
External links
The Simpsons (season 17) episodes
2006 American television episodes
Criticism of creationism
Evolution in popular culture
Cultural depictions of Charles Darwin
Cultural depictions of Clarence Darrow
Scopes Trial | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Monkey%20Suit |
Arzl im Pitztal is a municipality and a town in the district of Imst in the Austrian state of Tyrol.
Geography
The stream Pitze flows through the municipality.
Population
Personalities
The professional skier Benjamin Raich and the band Mother's Cake come from the village.
References
External links
Private Webseite mit weiteren Infos zur Gemeinde
Cities and towns in Imst District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arzl%20im%20Pitztal |
The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad (Mouvement Populaire pour la Libération du Tchad or MPLT) was a small rebel group active in Chad during the civil war.
It was born in 1977 as a splinter group from Goukouni Oueddei's People's Armed Forces (FAP), and originally assumed the name of Third Liberation Army of the FROLINAT. The formation originated from the expulsion of Aboubakar Abdel Rahmane from the Comité Militaire Interarmées Provisoire (CMIAP) of the FAP: he had protested against the bias in favour of the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti and the neglect in which the Kanem region was kept. Expelled, Abdel Rahmane, a semi-illiterate Kanembu, recruited some following among his people and became active around Lake Chad, in the Kanem area.
In 1978 it became internationally known when it took as hostages two young Europeans who were travelling in the region; the action caused an outcry to which all other factions participated, bringing in short to the release of the prisoners, especially thanks to the intermediation of Nigeria. This country had become the best supporter of the movement, even if it is not clear to what extent did this support arrive.
The group assumed the name of Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad in mid-February 1979. It can be reasonably supposed that Nigerian support was decisive in understanding its invitation at the Kano Peace Conference organized by Nigeria between March 11 and March 16, 1979 to put an end to the anarchy that was devouring Chad from February 12, when the central government had started collapsing. The first three invited, Félix Malloum, Hissène Habré, Goukouni, were obvious, as they represented respectively the government and the countries two greatest militias (FAN and FAP); but Abdel Rahmane led only a very minor force, even he had tried to swell it by recruiting among the criminal element of N'Djamena, thing that is said to have acquired the MPLT a solid reputation for looting.
Nigeria needed the MPLT so that it could press through its voice for an "African solution" and the immediate withdrawal of the French forces present in Chad; and both goals were obtained with the Kano Accord, signed by the four factions on March 16, which spoke of the pull-out of all foreign troops and the arrival of a peace-keeping inter-African force guided by Nigeria. A Provvisional State Council was formed to governed, with all signers taking two ministers; in particular, President was Goukouni while Abdel Rahmane became Minister of the Interior. On April 29 a Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT) took its place, and an MPLT man, Lol Mahamat Choua, became President, through heavy interferences from Nigeria. But he didn't remain long; strong opposition from the factions excluded by the Kano Accord brought on September 3, to a new GUNT government, in which all factions were represented, with Goukouni was President on the basis of the new Lagos Accord.
In 1979 Abdel Rahmane died. This may have played a part in engineering the split within the MPLT, in which another mainly Kanembu militia was formed, the Western Armed Forces (FAO), led by Moussa Medela, that deflected some of the MPLT's Nigerian support.
The MPLT, reduced to a shadow of its former self, as the FAO remained in armed opposition to Habré since his ascent to power in 1982, and is reported to have been still in the opposition in 1988; after this, the militia apparently plays no more role in Chad and disappears.
References
Chad: A Country Study
Rebel groups in Chad | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular%20Movement%20for%20the%20Liberation%20of%20Chad |
The Mormon Miracle Pageant was a Latter-day Saint pageant held in Manti, Utah, until it was discontinued in 2019. An annual outdoor theatrical performance, it was produced by an amateur cast of over five hundred members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). The nightly program took place on the south lawn of temple hill at the Manti Temple, usually in June. The two-week pageant would typically draw an average of 15,000 people per night over an eight-night performance.
The 2019 pageant was the final full-scale event of its type, as part of a church-wide directive to make church events more focused on home and family and discourage all large-scale productions.
Content
For LDS Church members, the pageant was a faith-promoting family event. The pageant portrayed the relationship and chronology of three separate, but related, faith-promoting accounts. Opening with the experiences of the church's first president, Joseph Smith, during his young-adulthood in the burned-over district of New York in the 1820s. Including the recovery and translation of the Book of Mormon, the restoration of the "Church of Christ" in 1830 (which was renamed "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints" in 1838) and its infancy, and the death of Smith in 1844. During the dramatization of the translation of the Book of Mormon an overview of its contents it presented. The wars and contentions of the native Israelite inhabitants of North America are represented, along with their teachings of Jesus Christ, leading to his post-resurrection appearance in the first century A.D. The pageant concludes with the persecution of the Mormon pioneers in the East and their subsequent exodus to Utah, led by the church's second president, Brigham Young, and the group of pioneers sent to central Utah (now Sanpete Valley), where the Manti Utah Temple stands.
The performance began shortly after sunset, during the early summer (usually late June), with people often arriving several hours before the performance. In addition to restaurants in the town, there were special food stands for the event. Light security was provided at the performance site and the surrounding streets to ensure general order and to direct traffic.
History
The pageant was first produced by the Manti Utah Stake in 1967 under the leadership of stake president Vernon Kunz. Helen and Morgan Dyreng of Manti directed the production. Duane and Martha Ryan were the narrators. Although simple and unpolished in comparison to the pageant in later years, the performance was accompanied by a 25-piece orchestra. The original music directors were McLoyd Erickson, Harry A. Dean, and Evan Bean. Among the orchestra members was Richard Nibley (brother of Hugh Nibley), who had trained most of the rest of the musical group. The original script was based on the 1950 book The Mormon Miracle written by Grace Leora Johnson.
Pageant evangelists and protesters
There were usually several evangelical Christian church groups, who would attempt to proselytize the largely Latter-day Saint attendees prior to the nightly event. These evangelists would typically hand out anti-Mormon (or pro-Evangelicalism) literature and engage pageant-goers in religious discussion as they would approach the site. Some evangelists would carry picket signs and wear "overtly anti-Mormon t-shirts." In addition, some local "fundamentalist Mormon" groups were known to carry picket signs in the approach area, criticizing the LDS Church's position on polygamy and abortion; the LDS Church abandoned the practice of polygamy in the 19th century, and believes that abortion should be allowed only in rare cases, such as rape or incest.
See also
List of pageants of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Temple (LDS Church)
Notes
Further reading
External links
Pageants Latter-day Saints Official site
Manti Utah Temple Official site
Manti Utah Temple at ChurchofJesusChristTemples.org
The Sanpete County website
"'Manti’s ‘Miracle'", New Era, July 1978, p. 18
Pageant Visitor Information Page
1967 in Christianity
1967 musicals
Festivals in Utah
History of the Latter Day Saint movement
Latter Day Saint plays and pageants
Plays based on real people
Recurring events established in 1967
Recurring events disestablished in 2019
Stage portrayals of Jesus
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Utah
Tourist attractions in Sanpete County, Utah
Manti, Utah | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mormon%20Miracle%20Pageant |
Sinotrans Shipping Ltd. (Former stock code: ) is one of the largest shipping companies in China and a listed subsidiary of China Merchants Group headquartered in Hong Kong. It is engaged in vessel time and voyage chartering through its Dry Bulk Shipping and Container Shipping segments, alongside freight and container forwarding and container line services. The firm also provides shipping agency and fleet management services and ships liquefied natural gas, among other activities.
Sinotrans Shipping was established in 2003 as a subsidiary of Sinotrans Limited, and was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2007 with an IPO price of HK$8.28 per share,. Sinotrans Limited subsequently merged in 2009 with CSC to form Sinotrans-CSC. A strategic merger of this new parent with China Merchants Group received approval from the State Council of the People's Republic of China in December 2015, and this resulted in the transfer (by April 2017) of Sinotrans Shipping to its current holding company.
References
Government-owned companies of China
Logistics companies of China
Shipping companies of China
Companies formerly listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Chinese companies established in 2003
2003 establishments in China | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinotrans%20Shipping |
Mario Jerrel Williams (born January 31, 1985) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the NC State Wolfpack, and was selected first overall by the Houston Texans in the 2006 NFL Draft. A four-time Pro Bowl selection, he has also played for the Buffalo Bills and Miami Dolphins.
Early years
Williams attended Richlands High School in Richlands, North Carolina, where he was a two-sport star in football and track. He recorded 87 tackles, 13 sacks, 22 tackles for loss, five forced fumbles, two fumble recoveries, and five blocked kicks as a senior. Also played running back as a senior because of injuries at that position, rushing for 590 yards and three touchdowns on 58 carries. As a junior, he recorded over 100 tackles. He was selected to the 2002 North Carolina Shrine Bowl team where he notched four sacks. He was an Associated Press (AP) All-State selection in 2002. He was just one of three North Carolina High School players to be named to FoxSN's 2002 Countdown to Signing Day All-South team. His high school number (82) was retired. Williams also competed in track & field, and was a state qualifier in the shot put (top-throw of 52-5 or 16.05m).
He was ranked No. 8 in SuperPrep's Elite 50 overall. He was considered the fifth-best defensive end in the country by BorderWars.com, while Rivals100.com ranked him ninth.
College career
Williams attended North Carolina State University, where he played for the NC State Wolfpack from 2003 to 2005. In only three seasons on the team he set the school’s all-time sack record, a record which stood until 2017 when it was broken by Bradley Chubb, a player in his fourth season with the team.
Professional career
2006 NFL Combine
Houston Texans
Despite draft analysts predicting that the Houston Texans would pick Reggie Bush with the first overall pick in the 2006 NFL draft, they instead selected Williams and signed him to a six-year, $54 million contract.
On October 1, 2006, Williams recorded his first sack and a half against Miami Dolphins' quarterback Daunte Culpepper in the Texans' first win of the season (score 17-15). Three weeks later, Williams sacked Jacksonville Jaguars quarterback Byron Leftwich and recovered a fumble in the Texans' 27-7 upset. In the 2006 season, Williams started all 16 games with 47 tackles, 4.5 sacks, and 1 forced fumble.
Early in the 2007 season, Williams played well, with an outstanding performance in the first game. Williams made five tackles, two sacks, and returned a fumble by Kansas City Chiefs fullback Kris Wilson for a touchdown. He had particularly big games against the Denver Broncos and Tennessee Titans, sacking quarterback Jay Cutler 3.5 times and quarterback Vince Young 2.5 times in one game each. His first sack of 2007 was of Peyton Manning. Before the game, Indianapolis Colts coach Tony Dungy compared Williams to Colts Pro Bowl defensive end Dwight Freeney. Williams finished the 2007 season by starting all 16 games with 59 total tackles and 14 sacks.
The 2007 season was a year that Williams answered many of the critics that he gained because of his lofty top draft pick status. In 2007, through 15 games, Williams accounted for 48 percent of the Texans' sacks, a higher percentage than any other player. Williams was a first-team All-Pro selection by the Sporting News. Williams was not elected to the Pro Bowl game, but was voted an alternate to the game.
In 2008, Williams amassed 12 sacks and 53 tackles in 16 games (all starts). This effort included three sacks and one forced fumble in the Texans' first ever Monday Night Football game on December 1, 2008. For his efforts, Williams was selected for his first Pro Bowl as a starter and was a first-team All-Pro selection by the Sporting News for the second consecutive season. Williams was again selected to the Pro Bowl after the 2009 season.
On December 15, 2010, the Texans announced they were placing Williams on injured reserve for the remainder of the season with an inflamed hernia. Williams had been struggling since September with injuries, though he still ranked in the top third in the NFL in sacks with 8.5 through 13 games.
In 2011, Williams transitioned to outside linebacker. During Week 5 against the Oakland Raiders, Williams suffered a torn pectoral muscle while sacking Raiders quarterback Jason Campbell for his team-leading fifth sack. On October 12, the Texans placed Williams on injured reserve for the second consecutive year, ending his season. Williams's contract ended in 2011 and he became a free agent, able to sign with any other football team.
Texans franchise records
Source:
Second most career sacks (53), surpassed on December 21, 2014 by J. J. Watt.
Second most career forced fumbles (11), surpassed on November 30, 2014 by J. J. Watt.
Buffalo Bills
On March 15, 2012, after two days of negotiation with the Buffalo Bills, Williams signed a six-year contract worth up to $100 million ($49.5 million guaranteed), which made it the most lucrative contract for a defensive player in NFL history at the time. On May 22, 2012, it was announced that Williams would be wearing number #94 while with the Bills. The #90 that he wore with the Texans was worn by veteran defensive end Chris Kelsay in Buffalo.
Williams started all 16 games in 2012, making 46 tackles, 10.5 sacks, and 2 forced fumbles. He had a season-high 3 sacks against the Colts on November 25, 2012. During the season, Williams was often bothered by a wrist injury which supposedly affected his play.
On September 15, 2013, Williams had 4.5 sacks in a winning effort against the Carolina Panthers, which broke the Bills franchise record for the most sacks in a game. He finished the 2013 season with 38 tackles, a forced fumble, 4 passes defended, and 13 sacks in 16 starts. He finished the 2014 season with 42 total tackles (36 solo, 6 assisted), and 14.5 sacks. On January 2, 2015, he was named to the 2014 AP All-Pro First-team, as well as the 2015 Pro Bowl.
The Bills hired Rex Ryan as their head coach the next season, and Williams was outspoken in his disdain for the scheme Ryan installed, mainly complaining about how he did not want to drop back into coverage. His effort noticeably declined, and he registered only 5.0 sacks.
On March 1, 2016, Williams was released by the Bills.
Miami Dolphins
On March 8, 2016, the Miami Dolphins signed Williams to a two-year, $17 million contract with $11.98 million guaranteed and a $4 million signing bonus.
On February 16, 2017, after only one season with the team where he recorded just 1.5 sacks, Williams was released by the Dolphins.
NFL career statistics
Personal life
In 2010, Williams, an avid boater, commissioned a one-of-a-kind custom wrap on his MasterCraft X80 boat. Williams, Josh Sirlin and MasterCraft Boat Company worked out the details of the boat design through a series of sketches and then a life-size canvas painting. In 2011, Williams donated five Chevrolet Camaros to the Houston Police Department, and in 2013, he made another donation of five Dodge Chargers. In 2012, Williams debuted a honey-toasted oats breakfast cereal called "MariO's", and the proceeds from the sales are intended to be donated to a Buffalo charity supporting children with cancer and their families.
Williams resided in Orchard Park, New York during his time with the Bills, where he bought a home for $2 million in 2012.
Williams was occasionally referred to as "Wario Williams" by forum members on websites such as GameFAQs, ClutchFans, and most notably on the popular social media platform Twitter. This included Syracuse.com's Bills writer Ryan Talbot who made mention of the nickname in 2012. This moniker is a hat tip to the popular Nintendo character Wario who is portrayed as having a similar bruising style and relentless demeanor as Williams.
See also
List of North Carolina State University people
References
External links
Career Statistics at Pro-Football-Reference.com
1985 births
Living people
People from Richlands, North Carolina
African-American players of American football
American football defensive ends
American football linebackers
NC State Wolfpack football players
National Football League first-overall draft picks
Houston Texans players
Buffalo Bills players
Miami Dolphins players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
Unconferenced Pro Bowl players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario%20Williams |
Alphonse Mingana (born as Hurmiz Mingana; , in 1878 at Sharanesh, a village near Zakho (present day Kurdistan, Iraq) - died 5 December 1937 Birmingham, England) was an Assyrian theologian, historian, Syriacist, orientalist and a former priest who is best known for collecting and preserving the Mingana Collection of ancient Middle Eastern manuscripts at Birmingham. Like the majority of Assyrians in the Zakho region, his family belonged to the Chaldean Catholic Church. Alphonse was born to Paolus and Maryam Nano, and had seven siblings.
Arrival in England
In 1913 Mingana came to England at the invitation of J. Rendel Harris, Director of Studies at Woodbrooke Quaker Study Centre, a Quaker Settlement at Selly Oak in Birmingham. Mingana remained at Woodbrooke for two years where he met his future wife, Emma Sophie Floor, a Norwegian student. The couple were married in 1915. In the same year Mingana was appointed to the staff of the John Rylands Library in Manchester to catalogue the Library's collection of Arabic manuscripts. He lived in Manchester until 1932 during which time his two children, John and Marie, were born. By the time Mingana left John Rylands in 1932 he had risen to the post of Keeper of the Oriental Manuscripts.
The Mingana Collection
In 1924 Mingana made the first of three trips to the Middle East to collect ancient Syriac and Arabic manuscripts. The expedition was sponsored by John Rylands Library and Dr Edward Cadbury, the Quaker owner of the famous chocolate factory at Bournville, whom Mingana had met through Rendel Harris. A number of the manuscripts he returned with formed the basis of the Mingana Collection at Woodbrooke. Mingana added to the collection with manuscripts acquired on two further trips to the Middle East in 1925 and 1929, both trips were financed solely by Edward Cadbury. In 1932 Mingana moved back to Birmingham to focus on cataloging the collection. The first catalogue describing 606 Syriac manuscripts was published in 1933. A further volume published in 1936 describes 120 Christian Arabic manuscripts and 16 Syriac manuscripts. The third volume, cataloging 152 Christian Arabic manuscripts and 40 Syriac manuscripts was published in 1939, two years after Mingana's death.
The Mingana Collection is housed at Special Collections at the University of Birmingham where it is available for study. The collection is designated by the Museums, Libraries and Archives Council as being of international importance.
Papers of Alphonse Mingana, including his correspondence, notebooks, reports and other items, are also held at the Cadbury Research Library (reference number DA66).
Selected publications
Catalogue
1934: Catalogue of the Arabic Manuscripts in the John Rylands Library, Manchester. 1192 p. Manchester: Manchester University Press
References and sources
References
Sources
Coakley, J. F. (1993) A Catalogue of the Syriac Manuscripts in the John Rylands Library, Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester, Vol. 75, No. 2, Summer 1993.
Hunt, Lucy-Anne (1997) The Mingana and Related Collections Birmingham: Edward Cadbury Charitable Trust
Margoliouth, D. S. & Woledge, G. (1939) A. Mingana: a Biography and Bibliography. Birmingham: Selly Oak Colleges
External links
'Oldest' Koran fragments found in Birmingham University - 22 July 2015
Biography at the University of Birmingham website
Mingana Collection at the Virtual Manuscript Room 71 digitized manuscripts from the Mingana Collection.
University of Birmingham Special Collections How to visit and access the Mingana Collection
Illuminating Faith Exhibition of manuscripts from the Mingana Collection
Islamic-Awareness, From Alphonse Mingana to Christoph Luxenberg: "Arabic Script & the Alleged Syriac Origins of the Qur'an"
1878 births
1937 deaths
People from Dohuk Province
People of Iraqi-Assyrian descent
Chaldean Catholics
British orientalists
British people of Iraqi descent
Emigrants from the Ottoman Empire to the United Kingdom
Assyrian Iraqi writers
British historians of Islam
British people of Assyrian descent
Syriacists
Syriac writers
John Rylands Research Institute and Library | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphonse%20Mingana |
"Regarding Margie" is the twentieth episode of the seventeenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 7, 2006. In this episode, Marge gets amnesia and fails to remember Homer.
Plot
To earn money, Bart and his friends Milhouse and Nelson go around the neighborhood spray-painting people's addresses on their curbs and making them pay for the unsolicited service. This works on Moe and Ned Flanders, but when Homer does not pay them, they leave with only the first two digits painted. The following day, a mail carrier brings Homer and Marge the wrong mail after reading their curb. Homer receives steaks and an invitation to a wedding, while Marge gets a letter claiming that she has won a contest, with the prize being a maid cleaning her house for a day. Fearing that she will be judged for having a dirty house, Marge cleans until it is spotless, except for a small stain on the kitchen floor. She combines all of her different cleaners, but passes out from the fumes and hits her head on a stool.
Marge wakes up in the hospital and is told that she has amnesia, and does not remember her family. When she returns home, the environment quickly jogs her memory of her children, in addition to Flanders and Milhouse. Homer is still a stranger to her due to her mind blocking out an unpleasant memory. Homer tries to remind Marge who he is, but she is disturbed and disgusted instead and forces him out of the house.
Patty and Selma take Marge to a speed dating event, and she meets a man who shares her interests. When Marge tells him that she has amnesia and three kids, he immediately leaves. Homer scolds the man for leaving her, saying that she is the most beautiful woman he will ever meet. Marge tells Homer that even though she may not remember him, he knows the most wonderful things about her. As they drive back home, Homer mentions beer, and she suddenly remembers him through his alcoholic tendencies.
Production
Former baseball players Sal Bando and Gene Tenace appeared as themselves. They were depicted as members of the 1974 Oakland Athletics. Bando recorded his lines in Milwaukee while Tenace recorded his lines in Bend, Oregon. Producer Tim Long directed Tenace and named his line as one of his favorites.
References
External links
The Simpsons (season 17) episodes
2006 American television episodes
Television episodes about amnesia
Cultural depictions of George W. Bush | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regarding%20Margie |
Johnson Jones Hooper (June 9, 1815 – June 7, 1862) was an American lawyer and writer from Alabama known for his humorist works set in what was then known as the Southwest of America, particularly the collection of stories published as Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs (1845). This gained him a national reputation. A secessionist, he was appointed in 1861 as secretary of the Provisional Confederate Congress and moved to Richmond, Virginia with it before his death from tuberculosis.
Biography
Hooper was born in Wilmington, North Carolina, as the youngest of three sons of Archibald Maclaine Hooper and Charlotte (de Bernier) Hooper. At the age of 20, he moved in 1835 to Dadeville, Alabama. There he edited a newspaper and practiced law, having been admitted to the bar after "reading the law". All told, he founded or edited six different publications during his career.
His first published work, in 1843, was a story, "Taking the Census in Alabama", drawn from his own experiences as a census taker in Tallapoosa County. In 1844 he began publishing short stories about a character known as Simon Suggs, which he collected and published in 1845 as the Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs. It was broadly, cruelly, and uncouthly humorous, yet one of the raciest books of its time, descriptive of a gambling sharp of what was then referred to as the Southwest in the "flush times." The work made him nationally known, and may have inspired one or more characters by Mark Twain. Hooper's Widow Rugby's Husband and Other Tales of Alabama (1851) was less successful.
Intensely political, Hooper supported secession of Alabama and other slave states, and in 1861 was appointed secretary of the Provisional Confederate Congress. He moved with the Confederate government to Richmond, Virginia, where he died from the effects of tuberculosis in 1862 (not 1861, as incorrectly indicated on the state historical marker). He was buried in that city's Shockoe Hill Cemetery. His grave was unmarked until 1950, when anonymous donors erected the current granite stone.
Hooper married Mary Mildred Brantley in 1845. They had two sons, William and Adolphus.
Legacy
Thomas A. Burke dedicated his book of humorous tales, Polly Peablossom's Wedding (1854), to Hooper.
David Handlin ranked Some Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs as number 9 in his article "One Hundred Best American Novels, 1770 to 1985" (2014).
Works
Some Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs, Late of the Tallapoosa Volunteers. Philadelphia: Carey & Hart, 1845 (Rpt. as Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs, Late of the Tallapoosa Volunteers. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1969; Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama Press, 1993).
A Ride with Old Kit Kuncker, and Other Sketches, and Scenes of Alabama. Tuscaloosa: M. D. J. Slade, 1849 (Rpt. as The Widow Rugby's Husband. Philadelphia: A. Hart, 1851).
Dog and Gun. New York: Orange Judd & Company, 1856 (Rpt. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1992).
Notes
Further reading
Cymbalsky, Stephen (sic). 'Literature' in "Time, Talent, and Tradition: Five Essays on the Cultural History of the Lower Cape Fear Region", Edited by Janet K. Seapker. Wilmington, NC, Museum of the Lower Cape Fear, 1995
Hopkins, Robert (1963). "Simon Suggs: A Burlesque Campaign Biography," American Quarterly 15 (3), pp. 459–463.
Inge, M. Thomas (2001). The Humor of the Old South. University Press of Kentucky.
Phillips, Robert. L, Jr. (1987). "Johnson Jones Hooper (1815-1862)." In: Fifty Southern Writers Before 1900: A Bio-Bibliographical Sourcebook, edited by Robert Bain and Joseph M. Flora. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
Sharp, Ann Wyatt (1986). "Some Adventures of Captain Simon Suggs: The Legacy of Johnson Jones Hooper." In: No Fairer Land: Studies in Southern Literature Before 1900, edited by J. Lasley Dameron and James W. Matthews. Troy, N.Y.: Whitson Publishing.
Shields, Johanna (1990). "A Sadder Simon Suggs: Freedom and Slavery in the Humor of Johnson Jones Hooper," Journal of Southern History 56, pp. 641–64.
Williams, Benjamin Buford (1979). "Johnson Jones Hooper, 'Alias Simon Suggs'." In: A Literary History of Alabama: The Nineteenth Century. Rutherford, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, pp. 69–82.
External links
Works by Johnson J. Hooper, at Hathi Trust
Johnson Jones Hooper, Alabama Literary Map
Historical Marker Database - Johnson J. Hooper
Writers from Wilmington, North Carolina
Writers from Alabama
Writers of American Southern literature
American humorists
1815 births
1862 deaths
19th-century American male writers
19th-century American short story writers
American male short story writers
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in Virginia
Members of the Confederate States House of Representatives | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnson%20J.%20Hooper |
Skjöldr (Latinized as Skioldus, sometimes Anglicized as Skjold or Skiold) was among the first legendary Danish kings. He is mentioned in the Prose Edda, in Ynglinga saga, in Chronicon Lethrense, in Sven Aggesen's history, in Arngrímur Jónsson's Latin abstract of the lost Skjöldunga saga and in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum. Under the name Scyld he also appears in the Old English poem Beowulf. The various accounts have little in common.
In the Skjöldunga saga and the Ynglinga saga, Odin came from Asia (Scythia) and conquered Northern Europe. He gave Sweden to his son Yngvi and Denmark to his son Skjöldr. Since then the kings of Sweden were called Ynglings and those of Denmark Skjöldungs.
Scyld Scefing is the legendary ancestor of the Danish royal lineage known as the Scyldings. He is the counterpart of the Skioldus or Skjöldr of Danish and Icelandic sources.
He appears in the opening lines of Beowulf, where he is referred to as Scyld Scefing, implying he is a descendant of Sceafa, Scyld son of Scef, or Scyld of the Sheaf. The Beowulf poet places him in a boat which is seen in other stories about Scef as a child in a boat:
Scyld the Sheaf-Child from scourging foemen,
From raiders a-many their mead-halls wrested.
He lives to be feared, the first has a waif,
Puny and frail he was found on the shore.
He grew to be great, and was girt with power
Till the border-tribes all obeyed his rule,
And sea-folk hardy that sit by the whale-path
Gave him tribute, a good king was he.
After relating in general terms the glories of Scyld's reign, the poet describes Scyld's funeral, his body was laid in a ship surrounded by treasures:
They decked his body no less bountifully
with offerings than those first ones did
who cast him away when he was a child
and launched him alone out over the waves.
In Beowulf 33, Scyld's ship is called īsig, literally, "icy." The meaning of this epithet has been discussed many times. Anatoly Liberman gives a full survey of the literature and suggests that the word meant "shining."
William of Malmesbury's 12th century Chronicle tells the story of Sceafa as a sleeping child in a boat without oars with a sheaf of corn at his head.
Olrik (1910) suggested Peko, a parallel "barley-figure" in Finnish, in turn connected by Fulk (1989) with Eddaic Bergelmir.
References
Mythological kings of Denmark
Scyldings
Sons of Odin
Legendary progenitors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skj%C3%B6ldr |
The Armenian Evangelical Union of North America resulted from the merger of the Armenian Evangelical Union of Eastern States and Canada (founded in 1901) and the Armenian Evangelical Union of California (founded in 1908). The merger took place at a Constitutional Assembly held in Detroit, Michigan, in October 1971. It traces its history to the reform movement within the Armenian Apostolic Church resulting in the founding, on July 1, 1846, of the first Armenian Evangelical Church by 37 men and 3 women in Pera (near Constantinople), Turkey.
External links
AEUNA official website
AEUNA at Armeniapedia
Armenian-American culture
Armenian-Canadian culture
Armenian Evangelical Church
Christian organizations established in 1971
Christian denominations established in the 20th century
Evangelical denominations in North America | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian%20Evangelical%20Union%20of%20North%20America |
ARCO Arena (originally called the Sacramento Sports Arena and sometimes referred to as the Original ARCO Arena or ARCO Arena I to distinguish it from its successor) was an indoor arena in Sacramento, California. It was the NBA's smallest arena as it held just 10,333 people and was built in 1985 to temporarily accommodate the NBA's Sacramento Kings, who had relocated from Kansas City. The arena's first event was a fashion show on September 12, 1985. The arena also hosted boxing matches.
The idea to move the Kings to the building was first pitched in late 1984, with the building being described as a "warehouse under construction" by the Sacramento Bee. The arena cost $12 million to build.
Located north of Sacramento's downtown, ARCO Arena was nicknamed "The Madhouse on Market Street", and Kings games in this small venue were 100% sold out. Its official name of "ARCO Arena" is believed to be the first example of an NBA team selling naming rights to a brand new facility: in this case, rights were sold to the Atlantic Richfield Company, which is now a subsidiary of Marathon Petroleum. The Kings sold the naming rights for $5 million over ten years in August 1985, which included the naming rights for the new arena.
The Kings left this building in 1988 to move to the new ARCO Arena, built one mile (1.6 km) to the west. The structure survived as an office building for Sprint Communications. On December 19, 2005, the California Department of Consumer Affairs moved their headquarters into the building.
References
External links
Ballparks.com – ARCO Arena I
Photos of the original ARCO Arena
Basketball venues in California
Music venues in California
Sports venues in Sacramento, California
Defunct basketball venues in the United States
Sports venues completed in 1985
1988 disestablishments in California
Former National Basketball Association venues
1985 establishments in California
Defunct indoor arenas in California
Sacramento Kings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARCO%20Arena%20%281985%29 |
George William Bagby (August 13, 1828 – November 29, 1883) was an American physician and humorist.
Early life and education
He was born in Buckingham County, Virginia, to George Bagby and Virginia Evans. He attended Delaware College and the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied medicine.
Career
After finishing his studies, Bagby became engaged in editorial work, especially on the Southern Literary Messenger from 1859 to near the end of the American Civil War. Subsequently, he was made the state librarian and became widely known as a lecturer and humorist, writing under the name "Mozis Addums."
He kept alive the old school of Southern humor, founded by Augustus Baldwin Longstreet and Johnson J. Hooper. An example of that humor, which contained local dialect, phonetic spelling and an eccentric character, is Rubenstein's Piano-Playin. It is a short narrative of a surly, less-than-sophisticated soul, who describes how he was deeply moved by a piano concert. His works were collected in three volumes (Richmond, 1884–86).
Bagby is less known for his work as a journalist. As the Richmond correspondent of the Charleston Mercury during the Civil War, Bagby covered the politics of the war and made a reputation for Hermes, his pen name, as a fearless writer who would criticize Confederate General Robert E. Lee as easily as Confederate President Jefferson Davis.
Legacy
Bagby's most popular essay was "The Old Virginia Gentleman" (1877), a paean to antebellum plantation life in Virginia.
References
Wilson, James Southall. "Bagby, George William." Dictionary of American Biography. Vol. 1, Charles Scribner's Sons. 1928.
Trent, Southern Writers (1905)
American National Biography, vol. 1, pp. 868–869.
Andrews, J. Cutler. The South Reports the Civil War. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1970.
Bagby, George William, and Thomas Nelson Page. The Old Virginia Gentleman, And Other Sketches. New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1910.googlebooks Retrieved May 10, 2008
The South Reports the Civil War by J. Cutler Andrews (Princeton University Press, 1970, and the Charleston Mercury, 1861 to 1865.
External links
Canal Reminiscences: Recollections of Travel in the Old Days on the James River & Kanawha Canal. Richmond: West, Johnston & Co., 1879.
Rubenstein's Piano-Playing – read an example of the old school of Southern humor.
George William Bagby in Encyclopedia Virginia
American librarians
American humorists
1828 births
1883 deaths
American male non-fiction writers
19th-century American journalists
19th-century American male writers
University of Delaware alumni
Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania alumni
People from Buckingham County, Virginia
Journalists from Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20William%20Bagby |
Levant Mine and Beam Engine is a National Trust property at Trewellard, Pendeen, near St Just, Cornwall, England, UK. Its main attraction is that it has the world's only Cornish beam engine still operated by steam on its original site. There is also a visitor centre, a short underground tour, and the South West Coast Path leads to Botallack Mine, via a cliff-top footpath.
In 1919 the engine used to transport men between the different levels of the mine failed, leading to the deaths of thirty-one men. Since 2006, the area has been part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape.
Site
The property is on the site of the former Levant Mine, established in 1820 and closed in 1930, where tin and copper ores were raised. The mine reached a depth of about 600 metres. It got the nickname "mine under the sea", because tunnels were driven up to 2.5 km from the cliffs under the sea. The surviving beam engine was built by Harvey's of Hayle.
History
The mine yields both copper and tin and was opened in 1820 with twenty shares of £20 each. From first opening, to circa 1883, the mine gave a profit of £171,000 from approximately £1,300,000 worth of ore. In 1882 the mine was taken over by new owners on a 21 year lease, replaced machinery and improved the surface-works.
In 1883 three shafts were open. One shaft is occupied by the man-engine, a second by a pumping-engine and the third for hauling out the skips. Since the introductions of skips, for bringing ore to the surface, two shafts were abandoned. There was six engines on site,
pumping-engine, cylinder – pumps water from the mine
stamping, cylinder – breaks up the ore
winding-engine or whim, cylinder – raises the ore to the surface
man-engine, cylinder
crushing-machine, cylinder
winding-engine, cylinder.
A description of the working conditions of the mine was described in The Cornishman newspaper in 1883. Around 366 men, boys, and girls were employed compared with about 600 prior to 1882. The mine was worked in three, eight-hour shifts, (except on Sunday) with fifty to sixty men working underground in each shift. Access to the underground levels (i.e. passages) was by ladder and the temperature was around . The men were all more or less working in a nude state and sweating profusely. They were provided with spring water which was stored in huge canteens. Few are able to work underground after the age of 35. The width of the levels are high and wide, while the width of the lode is from to wide. Thus a quantity of hard rock on each side of the lode has to be cut away at great expense. The levels are expanded by explosives. First a hole is made by hand-drill deep, taking about two hours and the hole is charged with gunpowder. Premature ignition causes many injuries and fatalities. A cylinder engine raised the ore to the surface in skips on two parallel inclines, one ascending as the other was lowered.
On 20 October 1919 an accident occurred when a metal bracket at the top of a rod broke on the man engine. The miners step on to a ladder, are transported up or down, climb off on to a sollar, step back on to the ladder, repeating the process. The rod broke in several pieces and heavy timbers crashed down the shaft, some of which were carrying more than a hundred miners to the surface; killing thirty-one. The engine was not replaced and the lower levels of the mine were abandoned.
Minerals and ores
silver
bismuth
calcspar
aragonite
vitreous copper ore or grey sulphuret of copper
See also
Man engine for an account of the accident in the mine on 20 October 1919.
Geevor Tin Mine, just to the northeast of the Levant complex.
References
External links
Levant Mine and Beam Engine information at the National Trust
Cornwall Record Office Online Catalogue for Levant
Levant Mine Self-guided trail
Copper mines in Cornwall
Grade II listed buildings in Cornwall
Grade II listed industrial buildings
Industrial archaeological sites in Cornwall
Mining equipment
Mining museums in Cornwall
National Trust properties in Cornwall
1919 disasters in the United Kingdom
Preserved beam engines
St Just in Penwith
Steam museums in England
Tin mines in Cornwall | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant%20Mine%20and%20Beam%20Engine |
The Fox and the Cat (; "the cat and the fox") are a pair of fictional characters and the main antagonists, along with the Coachman and the Terrible Dogfish, in Italian writer Carlo Collodi's 1883 book Le avventure di Pinocchio (The Adventures of Pinocchio). They are depicted as poor con-men, who hoodwink Pinocchio and attempt to murder him. They pretend to be disabled: the Fox lame and the Cat blind. The Fox appears to be more intelligent than the Cat, who usually limits himself to repeating the Fox's words.
Role in the book
Pinocchio encounters the two after leaving Mangiafuoco's theatre with five gold sequins, whereupon the Fox claims to know Pinocchio's father Mister Geppetto and proposes to Pinocchio to visit the Land of Barn Owls (Paese dei Barbagianni) and thence to a 'Field of Miracles' (Il campo dei Miracoli), where coins can be grown into a money-producing tree. A white blackbird warns Pinocchio against these lies, but is eaten by the Cat. The Fox covers up this action by claiming that the blackbird talks too much. The pair lead Pinocchio to the Red Crayfish Inn (Osteria del Gambero Rosso), where they eat a large meal and ask to be awoken at midnight.
Two hours before the set time, the pair abandon Pinocchio to pay for the meal with one of his sequins, and have the innkeeper leave a message for Pinocchio that the Cat's eldest kitten had fallen ill, and that they would meet Pinocchio at the Field of Miracles later. When Pinocchio leaves the inn, the two attack him in the guise of murderers and in the ensuing struggle, Pinocchio bites off the Cat's paw. The murderers then hang Pinocchio from a tree, which he escapes with the assistance of The Fairy with Turquoise Hair, who enlisted a falcon to cut him down.
The next day, Pinocchio encounters the pair again, unaware they are the murderers who tried to hang him. When Pinocchio notices the Cat's paw in a sling, the Fox claims that the Cat cut it off to feed a starving wolf. They lead Pinocchio to the town of Catchfools (Acchiappacitrulli), where the coins are soon buried. In Pinocchio's absence, the pair dig up the sequins and escape. Pinocchio learns of this from a parrot, who mocks him for falling for their tricks.
Near the end of the book, Pinocchio encounters the Fox and the Cat again when looking for a place for Geppetto to recover. But this time, the pair have become impoverished, whereas the Fox is now truly lame, nearly hairless, and tailless (the Fox had to chop off his own tail because he sold it to buy food), and the Cat became truly blind. They plead for food or money, but are rebuffed by Pinocchio while stating that their misfortunes have served them right for their wickedness. He then leaves, all the while saying goodbye to his 'false friends'.
Portrayals in popular culture
Honest John and Gideon (Disney)
In the 1940 Disney film Pinocchio, the Fox and the Cat are given the names J. Worthington Foulfellow (or "Honest John"; voiced by Walter Catlett) and Gideon (whose hiccups were provided by Mel Blanc and whose mute comic hijinks were modeled on Harpo Marx, the silent member of The Marx Brothers). The pair differ from the original characters in a number of ways; they are still poor, but they do not feign disability and they persuade Pinocchio to join Stromboli's (the film's counterpart to Mangiafuoco) puppet show (instead of Pinocchio discovering it himself) as well as go to Pleasure Island, upon being hired to do so by the Coachman. They also do not attempt to murder Pinocchio, although Honest John suggests to the Coachman in one scene that they would be willing to murder if required as part of a job with much more money than usual involved in it. The Field of Miracles subplot is also absent from the film. Honest John is portrayed as an eccentric ham actor who appears to be illiterate (as evidenced by one scene where he "reads" Pinocchio's schoolbook upside down), whereas Gideon is portrayed as a foolish mute who frequently gets Honest John into trouble by accident. Apart from three hiccups, Gideon is mute throughout the film. A draft script of the film had Honest John and Gideon being arrested onscreen by the police after encountering Pinocchio a third time, but this scene was written out of the film's final draft for unknown reasons, presumably for time constraints and/or costs. The characters were considered to be used again in the Disney film Fun and Fancy Free (1947) as the owners of the Magic Beans that Mickey Mouse acquires in exchange for his cow, but the idea was dropped.
In the video game based on Pinocchio, Honest John and Gideon appear as enemies during the first stage. The duo were also planned to make an appearance in the RPG video game Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days (2009), but were cut for space restrictions.
In the Disney book Pinocchio's Promise, Honest John and Gideon see Pinocchio walking into town to give a cuckoo clock to Geppetto's friend Mrs. Romano, whereupon he is diverted to a circus. Honest John attempts to sell the clock elsewhere, while Gideon takes Pinocchio to the circus with two expired tickets, but abandons the boy when the latter is scolded by the admission attendant. After Pinocchio leaves the circus and reports Honest John's trickery to the local police, Honest John runs away chased by the policeman and Pinocchio gives the clock to Mrs. Romano.
In a Disney book adaption of the tale The Emperor's New Clothes, Honest John and Gideon - posing as tailors - trick the emperor (portrayed in the same book by Prince John).
Honest John and Gideon also appear in the fifth installment of the book series The Kingdom Keepers. They are featured as members of the Disney Villains legion known as the Overtakers, and battle Finn in chapter six of Shell Game.
Honest John is a playable character in the mobile game Disney Magic Kingdoms.
Honest John and Gideon appear in Disney's 2022 live-action/CGI remake of Pinocchio, in which the former is voiced by Keegan-Michael Key.
In other media
In the 1936 Soviet book adaptation The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Buratino, they are named Alice the Fox and Basilio the Cat. In the 1959 animated adaptation of the book they are voiced by Elena Ponsova and Vladimir Lepko, respectively, in the original version. In the 1975 live-action adaptation, they are played by Rolan Bykov and Elena Sanaeva.
In the 1947 Italian live action film Le avventure di Pinocchio, the Fox and the Cat are portrayed by Angelo Taddeoli and Pietro Tommei.
They are featured in the 1952 anime series Piccolino no Bōken.
In the 1960–61 television adaptation by Rankin/Bass Productions, The New Adventures of Pinocchio, the Fox and the Cat were named Foxy Q. Fibble and Cool S. Cat, and are voiced by Larry D. Mann and Paul Kligman.
The Fox and the Cat appeared in the 1972 miniseries The Adventures of Pinocchio, portrayed by Franco and Ciccio. They are depicted as humans who work as comedians for Mangiafuoco, wearing makeup as a fox and a cat. They are later fired and try to steal Pinocchio's coins.
In the 1972 animated film The Adventures of Pinocchio (directed by Giuliano Cenci), the Fox and the Cat (voiced by Sergio Tedesco and Manlio De Angelis in the Italian version, and by Alan Sues and Don Messick in the English dub) follow the characterization shown in the book: the pair pretend to be physically disabled, and tempt Pinocchio to the Field of Miracles. As in the book, the Fox is the more articulate of the two, and the Pair attempt to murder Pinocchio for his coins, though the Cat does not lose his paw as his book counterpart does. At the end of the film, the two are impoverished, though the Fox does not lose his tail nor any of his fur as in the book.
In Pinocchio: The Series (1972), the Fox is named Jack while the cat is replaced with a weasel named Willie.
The Fox and the Cat are the primary antagonists of another Rankin/Bass adaptation, Pinocchio's Christmas (1980), voiced by Allen Swift (who was impersonating Claude Rains) and Pat Bright. They had previously made 'friends' with Pinocchio and taught him many of his bad habits. They do not feign disability and the Cat is female, as in the book. While they did a trick similar to the Field of Miracles to Pinocchio, which involved a Christmas tree growing at sunset from some coins, they just said that the tree failed to grow. The Fox and the Cat try to sell Pinocchio to a sleigh driver who works for a rich duke who will give Pinocchio to his children. When Lady Azora looks into Pinocchio's future and mentions that he will be led astray on his path to becoming a real boy, Pinocchio catches a glimpse of the Fox and the Cat waving at him through the window.
In the 1987 animated film Pinocchio and the Emperor of the Night (which serves as a sequel to the Pinocchio story), Pinocchio encounters a pair of shady animal characters very similar to the Fox and the Cat: a large raccoon named Sylvester J. Scalawag (voiced by Ed Asner) and a monkey named Igor (voiced by Frank Welker). Like the characters from the original story, Scalawag and Igor are depicted as con men who manage to dupe Pinocchio twice during the first half of the film. However, they reform as his allies after Pinocchio saves them from a giant barracuda. After a long adventure wherein Pinocchio, Scalawag, and Igor learn the hard way not to succumb to their selfish desires without thinking of the consequences, Pinocchio allows the pair to come with him and his father as they return home at the end of the film.
In the 1992 direct to video adaptation entitled Pinocchio from GoodTimes Entertainment, the Fox is replaced with a Wolf, the Cat speaks like a beatnik, and both are voiced by Cam Clarke. The two of them target Pinocchio's gold coins and do not attempt to kill Pinocchio. Near the film's conclusion, the Wolf and the Cat are arrested by a police officer when Pinocchio sees them in a passing paddy wagon. They beg Pinocchio to vouch for them whereupon Pinocchio tells the police officer that they stole his coins. The police officer then drives the paddy wagon away stating that what they did to Pinocchio will result in a long prison sentence.
In the 1996 live action film The Adventures of Pinocchio (directed by Steve Barron), the Fox and the Cat (portrayed by Rob Schneider and Bebe Neuwirth, respectively) are named Volpe ('fox' in Italian) and Felinet, and are portrayed as humans in league with Mangiafuoco (named Lorenzini, in this adaptation). In a reversal of roles, Felinet is female and takes on the more dominant role while Volpe is a bungling sidekick. They appear at their first encounter with Pinocchio, whom Geppetto takes away while telling Volpe and Felinet that Pinocchio will only play with his own sort. Volpe and Felinet later witness Pinocchio causing mischievous havoc in a bakery, even when the police arrive. As in the novel, the pair trick Pinocchio into giving up his coins by taking him to the Field of Miracles (depicted near a monastery), where they steal the money. In conclusion, they are tricked by Pinocchio into drinking cursed water (where Pinocchio claims that the water will enable them to turn white stones into gold) which transforms them into a real fox and cat off-screen. They are shown to have been captured by a farmer and kept as pets, where they later witness Pinocchio in town. When Volpe quotes "Don't you just hate that kid", Felinet quotes "Not as much as I hate you".
In The New Adventures of Pinocchio (the sequel to The Adventures of Pinocchio), Volpe and Felinet (portrayed by Simon Schatzberger and Sarah Alexander respectively) are owned by a circus run by Lorenzini's widow Madame Flambeau (who was actually Lorenzini in disguise) where they are shown in humanoid forms which they still blame Pinocchio for. The two of them lead Pinocchio and Lampwick to Madame Flambeau to purchase her elixir which turns Pinocchio and Geppetto into puppets and also turns Lampwick into a donkeyfish. While Pepe the Cricket in the form of the Dwarf Showman makes off with Pinocchio, Volpe and Felinet make off with Geppetto's puppet form. In conclusion, they try and fail to restore their human forms in the water that restored Pinocchio and Geppetto while also turning Lorenzini into a humanoid sea monster. When Geppetto gains ownership of the circus, Volpe and Felinet are shown doing the tango.
The Fox and the Cat were featured in the Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child version of Pinocchio, where they were referred to as Redd Foxx (voiced by Barry Douglas) and Sporty the Cat (voiced by Franklyn Ajaye).
The Fox and the Cat were also featured in the 2002 film Pinocchio, where they were played by comedy duo Fichi d'India (Bruno Arena and Max Cavallari) in the Italian version, and their English-dubbed voices were provided by Cheech Marin and Eddie Griffin. Like some of the animal characters depicted in this film, here they are depicted as humans while sporting pointy ears and fangs. They trick Pinocchio into planting his coins in the Meadow of Miracles outside of Grabadimwit, but are not seen again after seizing Pinocchio's coins.
In Pinocchio 3000, the characters Cab and Rodo (voiced by Matt Holland and Jack Daniel Wells) are two robots, based on the Fox and the Cat; they are owned by Mayor Scamboni's daughter Marlene.
The Fox and the Cat appear in the 2008 television film Pinocchio, portrayed by Toni Bertorelli and Francesco Pannofino.
The characters of Martin and Myrna from the ABC series Once Upon a Time are the parents of Jiminy and work as con artists, in allusion to the Fox and the Cat. Characters Emma and Graham also stroll past a store called Worthington's Haberdashery, a probable reference to Honest John's full name, John Worthington Foulfellow.
The Fox and the Cat appear in the 2012 film Pinocchio, voiced by Mariccia Affiato and Maurizio Micheli in the Italian version, and by Sonja Ball and Thor Bishopric in the Canadian English dub. In this version, the Fox is female and the Cat is male, which is a great reversal from the book. In the American release (2018), they are renamed Trixie the Fox and Leo the Cat (voiced by Ambyr Childers and Jon Heder respectively).
The Fox and the Cat appear in the 2019 film Pinocchio, portrayed by Massimo Ceccherini and Rocco Papaleo, while their English dub voices are provided by Luigi Scribani and Vladimiro Conti. Like the 2002 film, they are depicted as humans while sporting pointy ears, fangs, and claws. At the end of the film, they are badly reduced and no longer falsely disabled.
In the 2021 Pixar film Luca, Pinocchio with the Fox and the Cat make a brief appearance during a fantasy sequence where Giulia shows the title character several books, since Luca takes place in Italy. Also, the film features the song "Il gatto e la volpe", which is about the Cat and the Fox.
The Fox and Mangiafuoco are merged into a single human character named Count Volpe in the 2022 stop-motion Netflix film Pinocchio voiced by Christoph Waltz. Count Volpe is a disgraced aristocrat with flaring sideburns resembling a fox's ears that has become a traveling puppeteer that uses a monkey named Spazzatura (voiced by Cate Blanchett) as an assistant puppeteer.
Notes
The 'Field of the Miracles' is often mistaken for the poetic phrase Square of the Miracles, used since the second half of the 20th century to describe the Piazza del Duomo of Pisa. The monuments of the famous square were called miracles by Gabriele D'Annunzio in his book Forse che sì forse che no (1910). Due to several famous squares in Italy being called campo, and the story of Pinocchio being widespread in the world, many people—in and outside Italy—tend to confuse the two.
References
Bibliography
Carlo Collodi, Le Avventure di Pinocchio 1883, RCS MediaGroup
Fictional cats
Fictional con artists
Fictional foxes
Fictional tricksters
Literary characters introduced in 1883
Literary duos
Male characters in animation
Male characters in film
Male characters in literature
Male film villains
Male literary villains
Pinocchio characters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fox%20and%20the%20Cat |
TV Celje is a regional television station in Slovenia, based in Celje.
External links
TV Celje official website
Celje
Mass media in Celje | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV%20Celje |
Nickel Plate Road 765 is a class "S-2" 2-8-4 "Berkshire" type steam locomotive built for the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, commonly referred to as the "Nickel Plate Road". In 1963, No. 765, renumbered as 767, was donated to the city of Fort Wayne, Indiana, where it sat on display at the Lawton Park, while the real No. 767 was scrapped in Chicago in 1964.
In the early 1970s, the newly formed Fort Wayne Railroad Historical Society (FWRHS) restored No. 765 and operate it in main line excursion service. During the 1980s to early 90s, No. 765 ran excursion trains on the ex-Southern Railway's CNO&TP division and ex-Chesapeake and Ohio's New River Gorge route. Taken out of service in 1993, No. 765 was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 12, 1996.
The No. 765 locomotive was completely overhauled and returned to service in 2005. Since 2010, it visited the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad, hauling several excursions every year. From 2012 to 2015, No. 765 ran excursions on Norfolk Southern trackage in Indiana, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, for the 21st Century Steam program. In 2016, it ran excursions on Metra's Milwaukee District North Line and even the Rock Island District Line in 2017 and 2018. Around 2022 and 2023, it visited the Indiana Northeastern Railroad for the Indiana Rail Experience excursions.
History
Background
At the turn of the 20th century, railroads faced a surmounting problem: an increase in traffic and limited steam technology. Railroads commonly relied on drag freights with engines that could pull heavy tonnage but at low speeds. Following experiments with existing designs, Lima Locomotive Works developed a new wheel arrangement to accommodate an increase in the size of the locomotive's firebox. An increase in the firebox size allowed more coal combustion and subsequent heat output, improving the amount of steam developed and increasing horsepower. These and other modifications created the concept of "horsepower at speed" or "Super-power" in Lima's parlance.
In 1925, this "Super-power" technology was successfully realized in a prototype designated the A-1, which was tested in the Berkshire Mountains of the Boston & Albany Railroad, hence the common name of the locomotive type. The 2-8-4 design was quickly adopted by the New York Central, Erie Railroad, Illinois Central, Pere Marquette, Boston & Maine, Chesapeake & Ohio and the Nickel Plate Road.
The Nickel Plate Road was able to eventually employ 80 Berkshires on high-speed freight and passenger trains with the first order (designated S Class) 15 were supplied by the American Locomotive Works (ALCO) in 1934 based on Lima's design. Eight years later, Lima began producing three more sub-classes, which differed from the S class in little more than weight. Class S-1 (715–739) in 1942, class S-2 (740–769) in 1944 and class S-3 (770–779) in 1949. As a group, these engines were referred to as the "Seven Hundreds."
An additional number of Berkshires (S-4 class) were acquired when the Nickel Plate Road leased the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railroad in 1949. As a direct result of the Berkshire class, the railroad earned a reputation for high-speed service, which later became its motto.
No. 765's construction was completed on September 8, 1944.
Revenue service
No. 765 was first assigned to Bellevue, Ohio, where it was used primarily on NKP's fast freight trains. After World War II, the locomotive worked primarily out of a classification yard in the east side of Fort Wayne, Indiana.
Its final revenue run came on June 14, 1958, when No. 765 was activated to supply steam heat to a stranded passenger train. That December, it became the last Nickel Plate Road Berkshire under steam.
As evidence of their reputation, Fort Wayne's The News-Sentinel remarked in a June 7 article that "the Nickel Plate's massive Berkshires – steam engines that look like an engine should – have always been the special pets of Fort Wayne and area rail buffs. But not for long. The famed Berkshires carved an enviable record in railroad history and were the most colorful engines in this part of the country. On the Nickel Plate they were just as economical as diesel power, but the Berkshires are giving up in the inevitable face of progress."
Retirement
Though the Berkshires had competed with encroaching diesel-electric technology, they were largely retired by 1958 and kept in serviceable condition by the NKP. With the traffic reduction and the acquisition of new diesel locomotives, the steam locomotives were retired to be stored outdoors and scrapped by 1964. Because No. 765's excellent mechanical condition and favorable reputation among local crews, the NKP maintained the locomotive indoors until 1961.
In a move to honor the success of Fort Wayne's "Elevate the Nickel Plate" project, the city requested S-2 No. 767 for display in Lawton Park in recognition of it being the first ceremonial train to open the overpass. However, the No. 767 locomotive was discovered to be in deteriorated condition and was scrapped. So the NKP instead donated the No. 765 locomotive, now renumbered as No. 767, to the city on May 4, 1963, for display at 4th and Clinton Streets. A plaque commemorating the occasion read: "Nickel Plate Road Berkshire No. 767, used to break ribbon at dedication of track elevation on October 4th, 1955, donated by the New York, Chicago, and St. Louis Railroad company to the City of Fort Wayne as a monument to a great period in the development of our country – the era of steam railroading."
Restoration
In September 1971 at the annual convention of the Nickel Plate Historical & Technical Society, Wayne York, Glenn Brendel and Walter Sassmannshausen, Jr. met to discuss forming a group to cosmetically restore former Nickel no. 765/767 and Wabash no. 534, another locomotive that had been installed for display in Swinney Park in 1957.
By November 1972, York, Brendel, Sassmannshausen, and John Eichman signed incorporation papers for the Fort Wayne Railroad Historical Society, Inc.
By 1973, FWRHS undertook a 25-year lease of 765/767 and in 1974 moved the engine to New Haven, Indiana to begin what was now a restoration to operation. On October 25, the locomotive was returned to its original number and restoration officially began.
From 1975 to 1979, No. 765 was restored to operating condition at the corner of Ryan and Edgerton Roads in New Haven. The restoration site lacked conventional shop facilities and protection from the elements, but on September 1, 1979, No. 765 made its first move under its own power.
Later that winter it ran under its own power to Bellevue and Sandusky, Ohio for heated, indoor winter storage. In spring of 1980, No. 765 underwent a series of break-in runs and its first public excursion, making No. 765 the first mainline steam locomotive to be restored and operated by an all volunteer non-profit.
First excursion service
The popularity of restoring and operating steam locomotives on the general railroad system as marketing tools increased with Class 1 and regional railroads in the decades after steam was retired. Before its merger with Norfolk and Western Railway, the Southern Railway, following firebox problems with its former Chesapeake and Ohio 2716, another 2-8-4 steam locomotive, leased No. 765 in 1982 for a series of successful trips that would pave the way for Norfolk Southern to continue the steam program with larger mainline locomotives like 4-8-4 Norfolk and Western 611.
In the 1980s, the locomotive appeared in the movies Four Friends and Matewan, and became an annual attraction in the New River Gorge operating the New River Trains from 1985 to 1988 and again from 1990 to 1993. These trips regularly saw the 765 with close to and sometimes over 30 passenger cars traveling a round-trip during peak fall color season, with passengers from around the world. In 1985, the FWRHS obtained ownership of 765.
In August 1991, 765 was paired with the recently restored Pere Marquette No. 1225 for that year’s National Railroad Historical Society (NRHS) Convention in Huntington, West Virginia. In July 1993, No. 765 and NKP 2-8-2 locomotive No. 587 performed a doubleheader while pulling an excursion train, which arrived from Richlands, Virginia, by N&W 611 at Fort Wayne, bound for Chicago, Illinois for that year’s NRHS Convention. Shortly after, the engine was briefly re-lettered and renumbered to Chesapeake & Ohio No. 2765 (as a C&O Kanawha of her own) in recognition of the heritage of the route on which the New River Trains traveled.
No. 765 successfully operated over several Class 1 railroads in the Midwest and East Coast, including Conrail, CSX and Norfolk Southern; pulled the New River Train a record of 32 times by 1993; and headlined 124 trips over the Norfolk Southern by 1994. No. 765 was given the title of "veteran excursion engine" by TRAINS Magazine in 1992 and named the reason "why boys still leave home" by Railfan & Railroad Magazine in 1994.
By 1993, the locomotive had accumulated since its last major overhaul by the Nickel Plate Road, of which were incurred during its excursion career alone. The locomotive had developed signs of wear and was originally slated for a running-gear overhaul upon completion of the excursion season that year.
Downtime and overhaul
Between 1993 and 2001, No. 765 was largely a static exhibit until a complete overhaul was commenced. In the meantime, the FWRHS operated Milwaukee Road 261 and restored C&O 2716, the same locomotive which had developed firebox problems while on the Southern Railway, under lease from the Kentucky Railway Museum. After initial operations in 1996, No. 2716 required new tubes and flues per newly enacted Federal Railroad Administration regulations. At the time, the railroad historical society decided that it would fully invest its resources into a complete rebuild of No. 765.
Following a series of grant requests, the FWRHS was awarded an 80% match through the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century, which at the time included historic structures. The remaining 20% was raised through donations and contributions, with a large portion of the rebuild work administered by FWRHS volunteers.
Over a period of five years, No. 765 was completely disassembled, with its boiler, frame and running-gear separated and major components re-machined or rebuilt completely. In July, 2005, the locomotive underwent a successful steam test and was later rolled-out the following October for the general public. Fort Wayne and Allen County Commissioners designated October 28, 2005, as "Engine no. 765 Day" and the locomotive completed a series of test runs on the Chicago, Fort Wayne, and Eastern Railroad in March 2006.
Overall, the rebuild consumed more than 15,000 hours and cost over $772,000.
Second excursion service
In 2006, the FWRHS was given an "Locomotive Restoration Award" by the Tourist Railway Association, Inc. and the "Outstanding Restoration Award" from the Architecture and Community Heritage Foundation of Fort Wayne.
Despite several attempts, the FWRHS was initially unable to secure a host railroad on which to operate No. 765, as mounting liability costs and busy, profitable railroads had all but curtailed the majority of mainline steam excursions during the 765's overhaul. Despite these unfavorable logistics, the FWRHS planned and executed No. 765's first trips in sixteen years at Hoosier Valley Railroad Museum on May 21, 2009.
From 2009 to 2011, No. 765 largely operated passenger excursions, photo charters and public events on regional and short line railroads, including the Chesapeake and Indiana, Great Lakes Central, Cuyahoga Valley Scenic Railroad and Iowa Interstate, the latter of which enabled the 765 to traverse the Mississippi River for the first time.
In 2012, Norfolk Southern leased No. 765 to operate a series of employee appreciation specials in Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Missouri, to mark the company's 30th anniversary. The FWRHS, celebrating its own 40th anniversary, outfitted No. 765 with a GPS tracker which was viewed over 120,000 times on August 20, 2012, with a mobile app version downloaded over 19,000 times. Of note, the locomotive is the first steam locomotive to maintain an active Twitter presence: a practice later followed by Union Pacific's steam program.
In 2013, No. 765 was officially included in Norfolk Southern's 21st Century Steam program: an effort to engage the general public and celebrate the railroad's heritage through steam locomotive operations. It operated public trips in Ohio and Pennsylvania in May, 2013. Memorial Day Weekend marked the first public steam-powered excursions over Horseshoe Curve since 1977. In August 2013, the Fort Wayne Railroad Historical Society announced plans to run two round-trip excursions in mid-October, 2013 between Fort Wayne and Lafayette, Indiana, along a line once owned by the Wabash Railroad (and the route of the "Wabash Cannonball"). This was the first time since 1993 that a steam excursion had operated out of Fort Wayne.
The 2015 schedule for No. 765 consisted of: July 18–19: Fort Wayne, Indiana, to Lafayette, Indiana, on the route of the old Wabash Cannonball. On the weekend of July 25–26, the Berkshire hauled excursions from Youngstown, Ohio, to Ashtabula, Ohio. On the weekend of August 1–2, it traveled on the former Erie Railroad from Buffalo, New York, to Corning, New York; the highlight of the trip was the run over the Portage Viaduct at Letchworth State Park. On the weekend of August 22–23, No. 765 ran from Allentown, Pennsylvania, to Pittston, Pennsylvania. While in Scranton, Pennsylvania, in August–September for Steamtown National Historic Site's RailFest 2015, the locomotive was housed in the roundhouse alongside Nickel Plate Road 759.
Between 2016 and 2018, the FWRHS teamed up with Metra, Chicago's commuter rail system, to pull excursions; the 765 pulled excursions between the North Glenview station, on Metra's Milwaukee District / North Line, and Janesville, Wisconsin, with the train being called the Varsity in June 2016. At that time in August, No. 765 regained its original mars light. In 2017 and 2018, No. 765 pulled the Joliet Rocket over Metra's Rock Island District between Chicago and Joliet, with music and food being provided for passengers at Chicago's LaSalle Street Station, which was originally the Chicago terminus for the NKP.
In 2020, No. 765 was unable to pull any excursions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and was only steamed up on the weekend of October 2-4th, 2020.
In September 2021, No. 765 returned to the Cuyahoga Valley Scenic once more to pull more excursion trains on their trackage, and during the final days of this visit, the locomotive reunited in Bellevue with another fellow NKP 2-8-4 No. 757, which recently received a cosmetic restoration by the Mad River and NKP Railroad Museum. From July to October 2022, the No. 765 locomotive visited the Indiana Northeastern Railroad to haul the Indiana Rail Experience excursions on their trackage as part of a multi-year partnership between them and the FWRHS.
Tourism
On average, the locomotive experiences 3,000 visitors a day when operating, with visitor and passenger numbers running between 40,000 and 60,000 ticket buyers in 2009 and 2011 in less than 30 days, respectively. Typical passenger trains carry anywhere from 600 to 1,000 people at a time, with tickets for many trips selling out in 24 hours.
Press reports indicate the continuous presence of large crowds of "locals and out-of-towners" and on 765's ability to boost tourism in the towns that it travels through. In 2012, the Pittsburgh Tribune's headline photo proclaimed that No. 765 was the "engine that still can", and later in 2013 called it a "crowd favorite", with CBS Pittsburgh describing it as "400 tons of Americana."
When not operating excursions, No. 765 is maintained in a restoration shop in New Haven by a crew of 70–100 volunteers throughout the year. The shop is open to the public and houses a variety of other railroad equipment, including vintage steam and diesel locomotives, passenger cars, cabooses and more.
The operation of the locomotive is underwritten primarily by memberships to the FWRHS, donations and revenue from ticket sales.
In addition to passenger excursion service, No. 765 is the centerpiece to a proposed riverfront development project called Headwaters Junction, in the locomotive's hometown of Fort Wayne. The plan, endorsed as "big, bold, and transformational" by city leaders and civic groups, calls for the locomotive and FWRHS operations to be based in a mixed-use attraction combining railroad tourism, river access, walking trails and "retail, restaurant, residential, recreational and entertainment businesses." A local task force recommended that Headwaters Junction "not be overlooked...when developing a vision for our riverfront."
Notes
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Fort Wayne Railroad Historical Society
Indiana Rail Experience
765
2-8-4 locomotives
Lima locomotives
Freight locomotives
Individual locomotives of the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Allen County, Indiana
Railway locomotives on the National Register of Historic Places
Rail transportation on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Allen County, Indiana
History of Fort Wayne, Indiana
Tourist attractions in Fort Wayne, Indiana
Standard gauge locomotives of the United States
Preserved steam locomotives of Indiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nickel%20Plate%20Road%20765 |
St Anthony Head is a National Trust property situated at the southernmost tip of the Roseland Peninsula, Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, overlooking the entrance to one of the world's largest natural harbours: Carrick Roads and the estuary of River Fal. It preserves the former St Anthony Battery, built in 1895–97 to defend the estuary of the River Fal.
The headland is designated as part of Carricknath Point to Porthbean Beach and Lower Fal & Helford Intertidal Sites of Special Scientific Interest. At its tip lies St Anthony's Lighthouse.
Shipwreck
Empire Tavistock was a 798 GRT coastal tanker which was built by Grangemouth Dockyard Co Ltd, Grangemouth. Launched on 29 January 1945 and completed in April 1945. Sold in 1946 to Van Castricum & Co Ltd, London and renamed Sobat. Sold in 1951 to F. T. Everard & Sons Ltd and renamed Allegrity. On 13 December 1961 she ran aground at Greeb Point, St Anthony Head, Cornwall. Refloated by the tide, drifted and grounded at Veryan Beach. Capsized on 22 December and declared a total loss.
References
External links
St Anthony Head information at the National Trust
National Trust properties in Cornwall
Tourist attractions in Cornwall
Headlands of Cornwall | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Anthony%20Head |
Pala d'Oro (Italian, "Golden Pall" or "Golden Cloth") is the high altar retable of the Basilica di San Marco in Venice. It is universally recognized as one of the most refined and accomplished works of Byzantine enamel, with both front and rear sides decorated.
History
The Pala d'Oro was thought to be first commissioned in 976 by Doge Pietro Orseolo, where it was made up of precious stones and several enamels depicting various saints, and in 1105 it was expanded on by Doge Ordelaffo Falier. In 1345, the goldsmith Giovanni Paolo Bonesegna was commissioned to complete the altarpiece by Andrea Dandolo, who was the procurator at the time, and later became doge. Bonesegna added a Gothic-style frame to the piece, along with more precious stones. Dandolo also included an inscription describing what his own additions were, along with those of his predecessors.
Paolo Veneziano was commissioned to make wood panels to provide a cover (Pala Feriale) for when the altarpiece was not on display. Veneziano was commissioned between 1342-4 to make this cover, where it was dated 1345 and signed by him along with his sons, Luca and Giovanni. The cover is made from two pieces. The top plank features the Man of Sorrows in the center, who is surrounded by the Virgin and Sts. John, George, Mark, Peter, and Nicholas. The bottom plank shows narratives of Life, Martyrdom, Burial, and Translation of St Mark. The wooden panels were opened to the public during liturgies only. In the 15th century, Veneziano's "exterior" altarpiece was replaced by a wooden panel which remains today, though the Pala is now always open.
In 1995, Veneziano's wooden Pala Feriale cover underwent conservation treatment funded by the non-profit organization Save Venice Inc.
Description
The altarpiece is 3 meters (9.8 ft) wide by 2 meters (6.6 ft) tall. It is made of gold and silver, 187 enamel plaques, and 1,927 gems. These include 526 pearls, 330 garnets, 320 emeralds, 255 sapphires, 183 amethysts, 175 agates, 75 rubies, 34 topazes, 16 carnelians, and 13 jaspers.
Top Section
The altarpiece consists of two parts. The enamels in the top section of the Pala d'Oro contain the Archangel Michael at the center, with six images depicting the Life of Christ on either side of him, which were added in 1209. They show the Entry of Christ into Jerusalem, Descent into Limbo, Crucifixion, Ascension, Pentecost, and Death of the Virgin. It's generally thought that these weren't originally part of the altarpiece, as their stylistic features place them into the 12th century, and they were probably looted during the Fourth Crusade.
Bottom Section
The bottom section contains the enamels that told the Life of St. Mark. These were created in 1105 in Constantinople, and were commissioned by Doge Ordelaffo Falier. They used to be positioned along the base, but have since been moved to their current position along the sides and the top row of this section.
Also in the bottom section is an enamel depicting Christ at the center of the altarpiece, and the four circular enamels around him are images of the Four Evangelists. To the right and left of Christ are the twelve apostles, six to each side. Above Christ is an empty throne, which represents the Last Judgement and the Second Coming of Christ, with angels and archangels on either side of it. Underneath Christ and the apostles are the twelve prophets, with the Virgin—flanked by Falier and Empress Irene—at the center.
Doge Falier and Empress Irene
The two figures surrounding the Virgin are images of Doge Ordelaffo Falier and Byzantine Empress Irene. The depiction of Falier seems to be slightly off as his head is too small in proportion to his body. There is evidence that shows the original head was removed, and replaced with a new one. There are also scratches on the enamel from when the previous head was removed, and some type of wax or paste was used to fill in the gaps where the replacement piece didn't exactly fit.
While there have been theories that the previous head depicted an emperor, that explanation doesn't quite fit. Emperors are usually depicted with red footwear, and this figure is wearing black footwear, with no signs of being altered. Additionally, the enamel bears Falier's name, which would have required a lot of effort to change, and would have left evidence behind. The most likely explanation is that the original head was in fact Falier's head, but without a halo. Later, church officials—possibly even Falier himself—decided to replace it to include a halo. The scepter he's holding restricted how much could be altered, which required the crafters to make the new image slightly smaller.
Notes
References
Bettini, Sergio, "Venice, the Pala d'Oro, and Constantinople", in Buckton, David, et al., The Treasury of San Marco Venice, 1984, Metropolitan Museum of Art, (fully available online or as PDF from the MMA).
Buckton, David, and John Osborne. "The Enamel of Doge Ordelaffo Falier on the Pala d'Oro in Venice." Gesta 39 no. 1 (2000): 43-49.
Gibbs, Robert (2014). "Paolo Veneziano." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press.
Gonosová, Anna. "A Study of an Enamel Fragment in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection." Dumbarton Oaks Papers 32 (1978): 327-333.
Nagel, Alexander. "Altarpiece." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, 2014.
Paoletti, John T., and Gary M. Radke (1997). Art in Renaissance Italy. New York: H.N. Abrams.
Vio, Ettore (2000). St Mark's Basilica in Venice. London: Thames & Hudson.
Vio, Ettore (2003). St. Mark's: the Art and Architecture of Church and State in Venice. New York: Riverside Book Co.
Films
Romer, John (1997), Byzantium: The Lost Empire; ABTV/Ibis Films/The Learning Channel; 4 episodes; 209 minutes. (In Episode 3 ["Envy of the World"], presenter Romer examines the Pala d'Oro in detail.)
Byzantine art
Culture in Venice
Tourist attractions in Venice
Gold objects
St Mark's Basilica
Altarpieces | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pala%20d%27Oro |
ATOT, atot, or variant, may refer to:
AT-OT, a type of Imperial Walker from the Star Wars fictional universe
Association of Taiwanese Organizations in Toronto, see Taiwanese Canadian Association of Toronto
atot, AnandTech Off-Topic
Attack On Titan, Japanese Manga by Hajime Isayama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATOT |
Ann Sybille Rachlin (born 1933), is an English musician, author of children's books and the founder of 'Fun with Music', a stream of online stories for children with music. She is an authority on Dame Ellen Terry, the Victorian actress, and her daughter Edith Craig.
Life
Rachlin, formerly Lyttleton, was born in Leeds, England in 1933. Her father owned a clothing manufacturing business. Her paternal grandmother was born in Wales, and her other grandparents came as immigrants from Poland and Lithuania.
Rachlin married Neville Ziff, with whom she had two daughters and one son. They divorced after eleven years. In 1969 she married American conductor and pianist Ezra Rachlin, and they remained married until his death in 1995.
Career
In 1965, Rachlin started to teach classical music to children through her Fun With Music classes. In these classes she related stories over classical tracks. When EMI contracted Rachlin's skills, they launched Ann's Classical Music and Stories series with 10 LPs. So successful were they that EMI immediately released a further 10 LPs making a collection of 20 Albums. These were then expanded to include a series of cassette tapes and then CDs. Former students at her classes included Prince William, Prince Harry and amongst others, the children of Dame Judi Dench, Spike Milligan, Peter O'Toole, Barry Humphries and Edward Fox.
In 1976, Rachlin founded the Beethoven Fund for Deaf Children, now incorporated with The Elizabeth Foundation for Deaf Children. She is President of both charities. During the pandemic, realising the problems that lockdown created for families and schools, she made all her recording albums free to children worldwide. She also recorded her ten Famous Children books for the Royal National Institute for the Blind so that visually-impaired children could listen. For blind adults, she recorded The Tin Ring by Holocaust survivor Zdenka Fantlová, also for the RNIB.
Rachlin's performances included "Funtasia" concerts in 1986 with the London Symphony Orchestra, conducted by her husband, Ezra. When Ezra Rachlin died in 1995, Ann Rachlin continued her work with colleague Iain Kerr. In 1996 she was the subject of This Is Your Life when Yehudi Menuhin, Sir Georg Solti and Lord Runcie joined many celebrities, friends and former pupils to pay tribute to her life's work with children and music.
In October 2022, she organised "Ukraine Reborn - A Concert of Words and Music", performed in Winchelsea's St Thomas's Church, with Raphael Wallfisch (cello) and as narrators, her former pupils, actors Freddie Fox and Emilia Fox. The concert raised £20,000 for the Saint Nicholas Hospital for Children in Lviv, Ukraine, where injured children were being treated following the invasion by Russia.
Rachlin's Famous Children books have been translated into languages including Indonesian, Finnish, Czech and two Chinese versions. She is an authority on the Victorian actress Dame Ellen Terry and her daughter Edith Craig; her collection of Terry memorabilia includes the reminiscences of Edith Craig, now published in Ann Rachlin's book Edy was a Lady..
In 1986, Rachlin was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II for her services to music and deaf children. In 2010, Rachlin was awarded a Fellowship at Grey College in the University of Durham.
References
External links
Fun with Music website
Personal Website
1933 births
Living people
British music educators
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Winchelsea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%20Rachlin |
Sheet-Glass Works Convention, 1934 (shelved) is an International Labour Organization Convention established in 1934, with a preamble stating:
Ratifications
Prior to it being shelved, the convention was ratified by 13 states.
References
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
Shelved International Labour Organization conventions
History of glass
Working time
Treaties concluded in 1934
Treaties entered into force in 1938
Glass industry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet-Glass%20Works%20Convention%2C%201934%20%28shelved%29 |
Trelissick () is a house and garden in the ownership of the National Trust at Feock, near Truro, Cornwall, England. It is located on the B3289 road, just west of King Harry Ferry, and overlooks the estuary known as Carrick Roads. It lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). Almost a third of Cornwall has AONB designation.
It receives over 200,000 visitors annually.
History
Trelissick, first recorded in 1275, means Leidic's farm. Trelissick in the parish of St Ewe has the same derivation but Trelissick in St Erth and Trelissick in Sithney have a different one ("Gwledic's farm").
The house was designed around 1750 by the paternal grandfather of Humphry Davy for John Lawrence and remodelled in the 1820s by Thomas Daniell. It was further extended in the late 19th century. It is Grade 2* listed.
The estate has been in the ownership of the National Trust since 1955 when it was donated by Ida Copeland following the death of her son Geoffrey. A stained glass memorial bearing the Copeland coat of arms was donated to Feock parish church by Mrs. Copeland. The house and garden had formerly been owned and developed by the Daniell family, which had made its fortune in the 18th century Cornish copper mining industry.
The contents of the house were sold in July 2013 by Bonhams auctioneers.
Cornish wrestling
Cornish wrestling tournaments, for prizes, were held in Trelissick in the 1900s.
Garden
Many of the species that flourish in the mild Cornish air, including the rhododendrons and azaleas which are now such a feature of the garden, were planted by the Copelands including hydrangeas, camellias and flowering cherries, and exotics such as the ginkgo and various species of palm. They also ensured that the blossoms they nurtured had a wider, if unknowing audience. Mr Ronald Copeland was chairman and later managing director of his family's business, the Spode china factory. Flowers grown at Trelissick were used as models for those painted on ware produced at the works.
The Copeland family crest, a horse's head, now decorates the weathervane on the turret of the stable block, making a pair with the Gilbert squirrels on the Victorian Gothic water tower, an echo of the family who lived here in the second half of the 19th century (their ancestor, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, was lost at sea in his ship Squirrel after discovering Newfoundland).
The garden is noted for its rare shrubs. It offers a large park, woodland walks, views over the estuary of the River Fal and Falmouth.
Special plants
Trelissick Garden is the home of the National Plant Collections of photinias and azaras.
Gallery
References
"Trelissick" in Feock with Devoran and Carnon Down in the 19th Century (Part 2) by the Feock Local History Group (1973) Republished 2006 (pp. 39–50)
National Trust Guide; October 1996
External links
Trelissick information at the National Trust
Trelissick Garden history
Gardens in Cornwall
National Trust properties in Cornwall
Grade II* listed buildings in Cornwall | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trelissick |
William Gold (January 3, 1921 – May 20, 2018) was an American graphic designer best known for thousands of film poster designs. During his 70-year career, Gold worked with some of Hollywood's greatest filmmakers, including Laurence Olivier, Clint Eastwood, Alfred Hitchcock, Stanley Kubrick, Elia Kazan, and Ridley Scott. His first poster was for Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942), and his final work was for J. Edgar (2011). Among Gold's most famous posters are those for Casablanca, The Exorcist and The Sting.
Early life
Bill Gold was born on January 3, 1921, in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Rose (Sachs) and Paul Gold. After graduating from Samuel J. Tilden High School, he won a scholarship and studied illustration and design at Pratt Institute in New York. In 1941, he married Pearl Damses. They had two children and later divorced.
Early career
Gold began his professional design career in 1941, in the advertising department of Warner Bros. His first poster was for the James Cagney musical feature film Yankee Doodle Dandy in 1942, followed soon after by the poster for Casablanca. He was then drafted into the US Army where he was involved in the production of training films. Following his discharge in 1946, he resumed his career designing posters for Warner Bros. where he became head of poster design in 1947.
In 1959 his brother Charlie joined him in the business, and they formed BG Charles to do the film trailers. Charlie operated BG Charles in Los Angeles, while Bill operated in New York City. In 1987, Charlie left the business and retired to Vermont. Charlie Gold died at age 75 on December 25, 2003.
Bill Gold Advertising
In 1962, following the dissolution of the Warner Bros. New York advertising unit, Gold created Bill Gold Advertising in New York City. In 1997 Bill moved the company to Stamford, Connecticut, and continued his business, producing posters for every film Clint Eastwood produced, directed, and/or acted in, among others. In 1994 Bill was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award from The Hollywood Reporter. Richard Benjamin was the MC for the ceremony at the Directors Guild, and Clint Eastwood presented the award to Bill Gold on behalf of The Hollywood Reporter.
Bill Gold was a member of the Society of Illustrators, the Art Directors Club and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
Later life
In his later years, Gold resided in Old Greenwich, Connecticut. He married Susan Cornfield in 1989. He retired from his advertising business in 2003, but designed one last poster in 2011, for Eastwood's film J. Edgar. A limited-edition, oversized one-volume retrospective was published in January 2011 in coordination with his 90th birthday. He died from complications of Alzheimer's disease at Greenwich Hospital on May 20, 2018, at the age of 97.
Film posters
After his first film project, Yankee Doodle Dandy, Gold collaborated with the American film industry's top film directors and film producers. Especially fruitful was Gold's relationship with the illustrator Bob Peak. Gold's work spanned eight decades and was involved in the creation of over 2,000 posters.
1940s
Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942)
Casablanca (1942)
Night and Day (1946)
The Big Sleep (1946)
Escape Me Never (1947)
Winter Meeting (1948)
Rope (1948)
1950s
Strangers on a Train (1951)
A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)
Dial M for Murder (1954)
The Silver Chalice (1954)
East of Eden (1955)
Mister Roberts (1955)
Baby Doll (1955)
Giant (1956)
The Lone Ranger (1956)
Moby Dick (1956)
The Searchers (1956)
The Wrong Man (1956)
A Face in the Crowd (1957)
The James Dean Story (1957)
The Pajama Game (1957)
The Prince and the Showgirl (1957)
Top Secret Affair (1957)
The Old Man and the Sea (1958)
1960s
Splendor in the Grass (1961)
Gypsy (1962)
The Music Man (1962)
My Fair Lady (1964)
Robin and the 7 Hoods (1964)
Sex and the Single Girl (1964)
The Great Race (1965)
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966)
Bonnie and Clyde (1967)
Camelot (1967)
Cool Hand Luke (1967)
The Fox (1967)
Wait Until Dark (1967)
Barbarella (1968)
Bullitt (1968)
Funny Girl (1968)
A Dream of Kings (1969)
The Illustrated Man (1969)
The Wild Bunch (1969)
1970s
Last of the Mobile Hot Shots (1970)
No Blade of Grass (1970)
Ryan's Daughter (1970)
Soldier Blue (1970)
Start the Revolution Without Me (1970)
The Go-Between (1970)
There Was a Crooked Man... (1970)
There's a Girl in My Soup (1970)
Dorian Gray (1970)
A Clockwork Orange (Early Draft, 1971)
Woodstock (1970)
Diamonds are Forever (1971)
Fiddler on the Roof (1970)
Get Carter (1970)
Dirty Harry (1971)
Klute (1971)
McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971)
Medicine Ball Caravan (1971)
Deliverance (1972)
Jeremiah Johnson (1972)
Joe Kidd (1972)
The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972)
Lady Sings the Blues (1972)
The Trial of the Catonsville Nine (1972)
What's Up, Doc? (1972)
Day for Night (1973)
The Exorcist (1973)
High Plains Drifter (1973)
Magnum Force (1973)
O Lucky Man (1973)
Oklahoma Crude (1973)
Papillon (1973)
Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid (1973)
Scarecrow (1973)
Steelyard Blues (1973)
The Sting (1973)
The Way We Were (1973)
The Front Page (1974)
Law and Disorder (1974)
Mame (1974)
99 and 44/100% Dead (1974)
The Odessa File (1974)
The Sugarland Express (1974)
The Yakuza (1974)
Zandy's Bride (1974)
Barry Lyndon (1975)
Dog Day Afternoon (1975)
The Drowning Pool (1975)
Funny Lady (1975)
Hard Times (1975)
Mahogany (1975)
Mister Quilp (1975)
The Prisoner of Second Avenue (1975)
Rafferty and the Gold Dust Twins (1975)
Return of the Pink Panther (1975)
Rooster Cogburn (1975)
Rosebud (1975)
The Great Waldo Pepper (1975)
The Hindenburg (1975)
The Wilby Conspiracy (1975)
A Matter of Time (1976)
A Star Is Born (1976)
All the President's Men (1976)
The Duchess and the Dirtwater Fox (1976)
The Enforcer (1976)
Fellini's Casanova (1976)
Gable and Lombard (1976)
Marathon Man (1976)
The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976)
Portnoy's Complaint (1976)
The Ritz (1976)
W.C. Fields and Me (1976)
A Piece of the Action (1977)
Exorcist II: The Heretic (1977)
Fun with Dick and Jane (1977)
Greased Lightning (1977)
Julia (1977)
Smokey and the Bandit (1977)
The Gauntlet (1977)
The Sentinel (1977)
Twilight's Last Gleaming (1977)
Bloodbrothers (1978)
California Suite (1978)
Convoy (1978)
The Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1978)
Movie Movie (1978)
Same Time, Next Year (1978)
Goin' Coconuts (1978)
The Wiz (1978)
Agatha (1979)
Chapter Two (1979)
Escape from Alcatraz (1979)
The Great Santini (1979)
Hair (1979)
Scavenger Hunt (1979)
The Bell Jar (1979)
The Promise (1979)
1980s
Any Which Way You Can (1980)
Bronco Billy (1980)
The Dogs of War (1980)
Fame (1980)
Heaven's Gate (1980)
The Jazz Singer (1980)
The Last Married Couple in America (1980)
Little Miss Marker (1980)
The Long Riders (1980)
The Nude Bomb (1980)
Somewhere in Time (1980)
The Stunt Man (1980)
Those Lips, Those Eyes (1980)
Clash of the Titans (1981)
Endless Love (1981)
For Your Eyes Only (1981)
The Four Seasons (1981)
Hard Country (1981)
On Golden Pond (1981)
The Funhouse (1981)
Deathtrap (1982)
Evil Under the Sun (1982)
Firefox (1982)
Honkytonk Man (1982)
I, the Jury (1982)
My Favorite Year (1982)
Breathless (1983)
Cross Creek (1983)
Eddie Macon's Run (1983)
Gorky Park (1983)
High Road to China (1983)
Never Say Never Again (1983)
The Sting II (1983)
Sudden Impact (1983)
Champions (1984)
City Heat (1984)
Harry & Son (1984)
Splash (1984)
The River (1984)
Tightrope (1984)
Pale Rider (1985)
Best Shot (1986)
Heartbreak Ridge (1986)
Platoon (1986)
Hamburger Hill (1987)
Orphans (1987)
The Believers (1987)
The Untouchables (1987)
Bird (1988)
Colors (1988)
The Dead Pool (1988)
Mississippi Burning (1988)
Moonwalker (1988)
The Accused (1988)
Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser (1988)
Great Balls of Fire! (1989)
Night Visitor (1989)
Pink Cadillac (1989)
1990s
White Hunter Black Heart (1990)
Reversal of Fortune (1990)
Funny About Love (1990)
State of Grace (1990)
The Field (1990)
The Rookie (1990)
F/X2 (1991)
Unforgiven (1992)
In the Line of Fire (1993)
A Perfect World (1993)
The Bridges of Madison County (1995)
The Stars Fell on Henrietta (1995)
The Old Curiosity Shop (1995)
Absolute Power (1997)
True Crime (1999)
2000s
Space Cowboys (2000)
Mystic River (2003)
2010s
J. Edgar (2011)
Collaborating directors
Clint Eastwood
Alfred Hitchcock
Stanley Kubrick
Ridley Scott
Sidney Lumet
Elia Kazan
John Schlesinger
George Roy Hill
Robert Altman
William Friedkin
Arthur Penn
Miloš Forman
Peter Yates
Michael Curtiz
Ron Howard
Joshua Logan
John Boorman
Don Siegel
Vincente Minnelli
Alan J. Pakula
Herbert Ross
François Truffaut
Buddy Van Horn
Richard Benjamin
Collaborating producers
Clint Eastwood
Jack L. Warner
Hal B. Wallis
Tennessee Williams
Philip D'Antoni
Tony Bill
Stanley Kubrick
Martin Bregman
Samuel Z. Arkoff
Walter Hill
Ray Harryhausen
Richard D. Zanuck
Andrew Lazar
Robert Lorenz
Jay Presson Allen
Tom Rooker
David Valdes
Bob Daley
Jon Kilik
Best Picture Winners
Casablanca (1942)
My Fair Lady (1964)
The Sting (1973)
Ordinary People (1980)
Platoon (1986)
Unforgiven (1992)
References
Further reading
Bill Gold reflects on his art and his career.
This feature article about Gold's career has a link to fourteen images of his posters.
External links
1994 Hollywood Reporter Lifetime Achievement Award video
Meet Bill Gold: The Man Behind the Most Iconic Movie Posters Ever
1921 births
2018 deaths
20th-century American artists
21st-century American artists
American company founders
American graphic designers
Artists from Brooklyn
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from dementia in Connecticut
Film and television title designers
Film poster artists
People from Old Greenwich, Connecticut
Pratt Institute alumni
Samuel J. Tilden High School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Gold |
William Franklin (1731–1813) was the last Royal Governor of New Jersey and son of Benjamin Franklin.
William Franklin may also refer to:
William Temple Franklin (1760–1823), William Franklin's son and Benjamin Franklin's grandson
William Franklin (physician) (1763-1833) British surgeon and General Inspector of Hospitals, Fellow of the Royal Society
William Franklin (Ireland), Irish Protestant leader of the 17th century
William Franklin (singer) (1906–?), opera singer
William B. Franklin (1823–1903), Union Army General during the American Civil War
William Franklin (Assistant Bishop of Peterborough) (1916–1998), British Anglican bishop, also of the Episcopal Diocese of Colombia
William Edwin Franklin (born 1930), Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Davenport
Webb Franklin (William Webster Franklin, born 1941), U.S. Representative from Mississippi
William Franklin (gridiron football) (born 1985), wide receiver for the Oakland Raiders
Will Franklin (basketball) (born 1949), retired basketball power forward
Bill Franklin (1884–1968), Australian rules footballer
William Henry Franklin (1911–1940), Royal Air Force fighter pilot
See also
William Franklyn (disambiguation)
William Francklin (1763–1839), orientalist
William Frankland (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Franklin%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Gonzalo Celorio Blasco is a writer and an academic and former director of the Fondo de Cultura Económica. Celorio has written two novels, Amor Propio, a coming-of-age story and Y retiemble en sus centros la Tierra.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Members of the Mexican Academy of Language
Mexican literary critics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzalo%20Celorio |
Farningham is a village and civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located south-east of Swanley.
It has a population of 1,314.
History
Farningham is believed to be home to Neolithic human occupancy – flint and other tools have been discovered and can be found in the Dartford Museum. The Romans occupied the general area after their invasion in the 1st century AD and, along with large evidence of habitation down the road in Lullingstone, there is also evidence of Roman habitation in Farningham. Three farmhouses and three villas have been unearthed. Charles Dickens was a visitor during his time for the trout fishing that the Darent provided.
The Domesday Book records that before the Norman conquest, Farningham was owned by an Anglo Saxon thane called Alstan.
In the nineteenth century Farningham was adopted as the assumed surname of Marianne Farningham, a religious writer and editor, who was born here.
Used only for WW1 there used to be an airfield used by the RAF for emergency landings.
The parish church is dedicated to St Peter and St Paul.
The parish was part of Axstane Hundred and later Dartford Rural District.
Transport
Roads
Farningham is situated upon the historic route of the A20, Kent's second major road between the capital and the channel ports. The village itself, with its narrow bridge over the River Darenth, and its narrow streets, was bypassed to the north east in the 1930s. The A225 runs along the Darenth valley and intersects the A20 at the village. The construction of the first sections of the M25 motorway and M20 motorway in the late 1970s bypassed the village again.
Rail
The nearest National Rail stations are Farningham Road located 2 miles north in Sutton at Hone with services to London Victoria via Bromley South and to Gillingham and Eynsford located 2 miles south with services to London Blackfriars via Bromley South & Catford and to Sevenoaks.
Buses
2 to Swanley or to Sevenoaks. 2 journeys each way Monday to Saturday, Operated by Go-Coach.
429 to Dartford via Swanley & Joydens Wood or to West Kingsdown. Monday to Saturday, Operated by Go Coach.
Mills
Farningham had a watermill, powered by the River Darent, the building of which survives. There was a windmill at Chimham's Farm, which was moved in 1880 to West Kingsdown, where it still stands.
Fort Farningham
One of fifteen small polygonal forts, known as the London Mobilisation Centres, which were built around London in the 1890s as part of the London Defence Positions scheme. It is sited overlooking the River Darent, around west of Farningham. A ditch surrounding the fort was filled-in during the second half of the 20th century. The site was protected by three projecting caponiers and a rampart and parapet which could be used by infantry. The interior has a central row of three casemates and a magazine. During the 1960s, a monitoring post for the Royal Observer Corps was constructed in the moat, part of the United Kingdom Warning and Monitoring Organisation and intended for the reporting of nuclear explosions during the Cold War. The fort became a scheduled monument in 2000, and is in private ownership.
Sport
Home to Farningham Cricket Club along Horton Way the club has been in existence since 1857 providing cricketing facilities for the local community. Currently fielding two senior league Saturday teams and one Sunday friendly team along with a thriving junior section.
References
External links
Views of Farningham
History of Farningham in detail
Villages in Kent
Civil parishes in Kent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farningham |
Barrie Wallace Zwicker (born November 5, 1934) is a Canadian alternative media journalist, documentary producer, and political activist.
He is best known for his documentary work, which has dealt primarily with 9/11 conspiracy theories.
Biography
Barrie Zwicker was born in White Haven, Nova Scotia. His family soon moved to Manitoba, and Zwicker's earliest work in journalism was with the Russell Banner, a local newspaper in Manitoba, at the age of 16. He went on to study journalism at University of Michigan. In 1967, Zwicker earned a Southam Fellowship allowing him to work with media analysis pioneer, Marshall McLuhan at St. Michael's College.
Zwicker became a staff writer at a variety of newspapers in Canada and the United States, including The Globe and Mail, Toronto Star, Vancouver Province, Sudbury Star, Detroit News, and Lansing State Journal. During his seven-year tenure at The Globe and Mail, he won several awards with the Education Writers' Association of North America.
Zwicker also taught the Media and Society course at Ryerson Polytechnic University in Toronto as a part-time professor for seven years. He worked as Vision TV's media critic since the multifaith network's inception in the fall of 1988, until 2003.
Zwicker and Dick MacDonald edited The News: Inside the Canadian Media, in which Zwicker argued that there was a "terrible sameness" in the media's coverage of many important issues, and a shutting out of other, potentially valuable, perspectives and sources of information. Zwicker took over as publisher of Content magazine founded by MacDonald in 1970. He continued his media criticism in the pages of Content and subsequently in the pages of Sources, which he published from 1977 on. Sources is a directory of contacts for editors, reporters and researchers. In 1994, he created a Canadian government directory called Parliamentary Names & Numbers. He subsequently sold these publications in 1999.
In 1983 Zwicker wrote War, Peace, and the Media, a 48-page pamphlet which argued that Canadian and American press coverage of the USSR was unbalanced, "creating a stereotype of a country that is the embodiment of everything evil, with which it is impossible to have civilized dealings or to conclude rational agreements, notably on arms control. The result of the press coverage is to push people to the conclusion that the only way to deal with the USSR is to engage in an arms race that can only result in eventual war."
Alternative viewpoints and 9/11 conspiracy works
The End of Suburbia
He was involved in making the video The End of Suburbia: Oil Depletion and the Collapse of The American Dream on Vision TV, and earned a number of awards from local film and video festivals for his contributions.
The Great Conspiracy: The 9/11 News Special You Never Saw
The Great Conspiracy: The 9/11 News Special You Never Saw is a 70-minute sequel to The Great Deception. It premiered at The Citizens' Commission on 9-11. In this work, Zwicker contends that fear was used to control the public after 9/11, and states that the "War on Terrorism" is a public control mechanism. He also analyses the military breakdown on 9/11 and claims that the president and his aides acted entirely inappropriately that day. Throughout, mainstream media is accused of being either compliant or complicit with a cover-up.
Other accomplishments
In 1996, he founded a media relations newsletter and Web site called HotLink.
In 1991, he was awarded an honorary membership in the Media Club of Canada.
References
External links
Biography of Barrie Zwicker from the Humanist Association of Toronto (Not Found)
Barrie Zwicker's media profile and areas of expertise
The Great Conspiracy website
Barrie Zwicker's assertions in TGC video * 9/11 Related information
CBC interview with Michael Enright. here's the audio link.
Zwicker, Barry
Canadian humanists
Canadian people of German descent
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Canadian socialists
Zwicker, Barry
Zwicker, Barry
Zwicker, Barry
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
9/11 conspiracy theorists
Canadian conspiracy theorists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrie%20Zwicker |
Unemployment Provision Convention, 1934 (shelved) is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1934, with the preamble stating:
Modification
The concepts included in the convention were modified and subsequently included in Employment Promotion and Protection against Unemployment Convention, 1988.
Ratifications
Prior to it being shelved, the convention was ratified by 14 states.
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
Unemployment
Shelved International Labour Organization conventions
Treaties concluded in 1934
Treaties entered into force in 1938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unemployment%20Provision%20Convention%2C%201934%20%28shelved%29 |
Bulbul tarang (), Gurmukhi, (ਬੁਲਬੁਲਤ੍ਰਂਗ literally "waves of nightingales", alternately Indian or Punjabi banjo) is a string instrument from Punjab (ਪਂਜਾਬ) which evolved from the Japanese taishōgoto, which likely arrived in South Asia in the 1930s.
The instrument employs two sets of strings, one set for drone, and one for melody. The strings run over a plate or fretboard, while above are keys resembling typewriter keys, which when depressed fret or shorten the strings to raise their pitch.
Tuning
The melody strings are commonly tuned to the same note, or in octaves, while the drone strings are tuned to the 1st and 5th of the melody strings. Tuned in this manner, the instrument is uni-tonic, or not used to modulate to different keys because the fine melismatic music of India is more concerned with expressing subtle, microtonal pitch increments in a music-theoretic system radically different from Western, predominantly harmonic music; so that modulation to different keys is not considered so important. The melody strings may be tuned to different pitches if desired, however, rendering it multi-tonic, but more difficult to play. The bulbul tarang is most commonly played as accompaniment to singing. Similar to the Autoharp, a chord can be selected when a key is depressed, and the strings are often bowed or strummed with a pick.
Related instruments
The Indian version is sometimes known as the "Indian banjo" or "Japan banjo", due to its descent from the taishokoto; similar instruments in Germany and Austria are known as akkordolia, and in Pakistan as benju. In the Maldives it is known as a kottafoshi, and as medolin (pronounced "mendolin" after the mandolin) in the Fijian Indian diaspora.
A more complicated and electrified version is known as the shahi baaja.
Notable players
Hala Strana
Harry Fuller
Air, a jazz group
Ahuva Ozeri From Tel-Aviv, Israel
References
Typewriter zithers
Indian musical instruments
Pakistani musical instruments
Maldivian musical instruments
Fijian musical instruments
Articles containing video clips | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulbul%20tarang |
Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health is a multinational animal health company, formed in January 2017 when Merial was acquired by Boehringer Ingelheim and merged with Boehringer Ingelheim's existing animal health assets.
Overview
In August 1997, Merial started as a joint venture between the animal health subsidiaries of Merck & Co. (MSD AgVet) and Sanofi-Aventis (Rhône-Mérieux). Merial became the animal health division of Sanofi, when Sanofi bought out Merck's 50% share of the joint venture. On December 30, 2016 Boehringer Ingelheim completed a swap of their OTC business for Sanofi's animal health business. Merial is now owned by Boehringer Ingelheim and combined with their animal health business, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, to form Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health.
Merial produces many products and vaccines for domestic pets, farm animals and wildlife. Merial has about 6,900 employees and is present in more than 150 countries in the world. Their sales in 2015 were about €2.5 billion. Some of Merial's most popular products are Frontline, Heartgard, NexGard, Ivomec, PureVax and Previcox.
In October 2009, Merial announced it was investing 70 million US$ at its poultry vaccines plant in Nanchang Hi-tech Development Zone, China. On March 9, 2010, Sanofi-Aventis announced it had exercised an option to combine Merial with Intervet/Schering Plough, the animal health business of Merck. The new joint venture would be equally owned by Merck and Sanofi-Aventis. On March 22, 2011, they announced the mutual termination of their agreement to form a new animal health joint venture.
Location
Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health's global headquarters is located in Ingelheim, Germany.
Investigations
Merial was investigated in connection with a 2007 United Kingdom foot-and-mouth outbreak, after a strain of foot-and-mouth disease alleged to have been sourced from one of their research facilities was found at Pirbright, a farm in Surrey, England, in August 2007. The investigators concluded that "release was most likely due to escape of live virus from the drainage system that connects the vaccine production plant to the sodium hydroxide treatment tanks on another part of the Pirbright site."
The two independent inquiries found that Merial complied with all regulations and committed no breaches of biosecurity.
In 2016, the NOAH Code of Practice Committee found Merial Animal Health to be in breach of 2 out of 4 items under complaint. This related to the promotion of NexGard Spectra® to the veterinary profession by both account managers and technical teams via telephone conversations and webinars from February 2016 onwards.
References
External links
Official Website
More about Merial on the Lyon Area Economic Development Agency's website
Veterinary medicine companies
Sanofi
Boehringer Ingelheim
Health care companies based in Georgia (US State)
Companies based in Duluth, Georgia
Pharmaceutical companies of the United States
Pharmaceutical companies established in 1997
2017 mergers and acquisitions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boehringer%20Ingelheim%20Animal%20Health |
Sames I (also spelled Samos I), was the Orontid king of Sophene and Commagene, ruling around 260 BC.
Name
The name of "Samos" is possibly derived from the Avestan name Sāma, the father of the Avestan hero Garshasp, which would indicate some sort of custom of Iranian religious or epic lore amongst the Orontids.
Biography
The Kingdom of Sophene was ruled by the Orontid dynasty of Iranian origin, which was descended from Orontes I, a Bactrian nobleman who was the son-in-law of the Achaemenid King of Kings Artaxerxes II (). According to the Greek writer Strabo (died 24 AD) in his Geographica, Sophene first emerged as a distinct kingdom under Zariadres (), who was installed as its ruler by the Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great (). He further adds that following the defeat of Antiochus III against the Romans, Zariadres declared independence. However this report is strongly contradicted by epigraphic and numismatic evidence. Sophene most likely emerged as a distinct kingdom in the 3rd-century BC, during the gradual decline of Seleucid influence in the Near East and the split of the Orontid dynasty into several branches. Three rulers belonging to a different Orontid branch, Sames I, Arsames I and Xerxes ruled the western part of Greater Armenia, perhaps from Commagene to Arzanene.
Building activity
Sometime before 245 BC, Sames I refounded the city of Samosata on the previous Neo-Hittite site of Kummuh. He may have refounded the city in order to assert his claim over the area, a common practice amongst Iranian and Hellenistic dynasties, such as Cappadocia, Pontus, Parthia and Armenia. The city was built in a "sub-Achaemenid" Persian architectural form, similar to the rest of Orontid buildings in Greater Armenia. Naming cities such as Samosata (Middle Persian *Sāmašād; Old Persian *Sāmašiyāti-) the "joy of" or "happiness of" was an Orontid (and later Artaxiad) practice that recalled the Achaemenid royal discourse. Samosata served as one of the most important royal residences of the Orontid kings of Sophene.
Coinage
Similar to the early Arsacids of Parthia and Frataraka of Persis, the Orontids of Sophene experimented with images of Iranian royal power. On his coins, Sames I is shown as clean-shaven and wearing the kyrbasia, a type of headgear originally worn by the satraps of the Achaemenid Empire. The tip of Sames I's kyrbasia is more prominent, similar to that of the headgear worn by the early Ariarathids of Cappadocia.
References
Sources
3rd-century BC monarchs in Asia
Kings of Sophene
Kings of Commagene | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sames%20I |
Marcus Elmore Baldwin (October 29, 1863 – November 10, 1929), nicknamed "Fido" and "Baldy", was an American right-handed professional baseball pitcher who played seven seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB). In 346 career games, he pitched to a 154–165 win–loss record with 295 complete games. Baldwin set the single-season MLB wild pitches record with 83 that still stands today.
Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Baldwin made his professional debut for a Cumberland, Maryland team in 1883. Though signed by Chicago White Stockings president Albert Spalding to pitch against the St. Louis Browns in the 1886 World Series, Baldwin did not play after Browns objected. He made his MLB debut for the White Stockings in 1887, when a writer for the Oshkosh Daily Northwestern called him the "swiftest pitcher in the National League" (NL). Released by Chicago player–manager Cap Anson, he signed with the Columbus Solons of the American Association (AA) in 1889, where he led the league in innings pitched (), losses (34), strikeouts (368), and walks (274).
In 1889, Baldwin, described as "intelligent and outspoken," recruited players for the Chicago Pirates of the Players' League (PL). Baldwin played for Chicago and finished the year as the PL leader in games played as a pitcher (58), innings pitched (492), wins (33), strikeouts (206), complete games (56), and walks (249), as the Pirates finished fourth in the league, ten games behind the first-place Boston Reds. A PL historian has described him as a star of the league. Back in the NL, he signed with the Pittsburgh Pirates, where he played from 1891 to 1893. Baldwin was arrested after the Homestead strike in 1892 and charged with aggravated riot, but never received a trial. He finished his MLB career with the New York Giants in 1893, and played several seasons for independent teams afterwards.
During his career, he batted and threw right-handed, weighed , and stood tall. After baseball, Baldwin became a physician and practiced at Passavant Hospital in Pittsburgh. He died of cardiorenal disease on November 10, 1929, and is interred at Allegheny Cemetery.
Early life
Marcus Elmore Baldwin was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on October 29, 1863, to Franklin E. and Margaret Baldwin. One of two children born to the couple, Mark and his family moved to Homestead, Pennsylvania in 1872. Franklin, a real estate speculator, previously worked as a steelworker and a nailer. As a child, Mark wanted to be a physician. Mark started to pitch for amateur Homestead teams in 1880, and, after high school, attended Pennsylvania State College (PSC), later renamed Pennsylvania State University.
Professional career
Baldwin made his professional debut for a team in Cumberland, Maryland, in 1883, while he attended PSC. Two years later, he pitched for McKeesport, who finished first in the Western Pennsylvania League. According to an 1891 article in The Pittsburgh Press, he earned per game for pitching for McKeesport. According to another article in the Press, Baldwin had asked Pittsburgh Alleghenys secretary Scandrett for a tryout, and president William A. Nimick consented, but manager Horace Phillips opposed the idea and a tryout never happened. Instead, Scandrett wrote a letter recommending Baldwin to Duluth management. According to an article in the Pittsburgh Daily Post, McKeesport manager Frank Torreyson recommended him to Duluth of the Northwestern League in spring 1886 as a third baseman, but Duluth played him as a pitcher as their pitching was weak.
On June 18, 1886, Baldwin struck out 18 batters, 12 successively, against the St. Paul Freezers. Baldwin had 19 strikeouts in 12 innings in a 4–3 loss at Oshkosh, Wisconsin on September 13, 1886. According to a friend of Baldwin, when Duluth fined Baldwin for poor play, he intentionally performed poorly until Duluth revoked the fine. According to a Pittsburgh Daily Post writer, Duluth won its league pennant due "chiefly on account of Baldwin's pitching". After a tryout, Chicago White Stockings president Albert Spalding signed Baldwin to a contract on October 20 to replace injured rookie Jocko Flynn: Chicago wanted Baldwin to play in the 1886 World Series (which ran from October 18 to October 23), but the opposing St. Louis Browns objected, so Baldwin never played.
Chicago White Stockings (1887–88)
Baldwin listed his birthdate when he played for Chicago in 1887 as 1867, which followed a theme of childishness and "extreme petulance" in him according to baseball historian David Nemec. In spring training prior to the 1887 season, a hotel employee found Baldwin and Tom Daly unconscious in their room, which smelled of gas. Either Daly or Baldwin accidentally blew out a flame in a gas light. Baldwin almost died, but both were revived. In preparation for the year, Baldwin joined Chicago during spring training in Hot Springs, Arkansas. Though in March 1887, Baldwin "expected to rank next to [John] Clarkson" among Chicago's pitchers, in April, The Sporting News reported Baldwin "[was] regarded in Chicago as little better than a failure". On May 2, Baldwin made his MLB debut against the Indianapolis Hoosiers in a 9–1 Chicago loss.
Later in the month, Baldwin held the Boston Beaneaters to one run in a 3–1 Chicago victory, part of a week in which Baldwin's development surprised a writer for The Post, who discounted the earlier evaluation of Baldwin as a failure. In June, a correspondent for The Clipper complimented Baldwin on his endurance and curveballs, while an Oshkosh Daily Northwestern writer called him the "swiftest pitcher in the National League". Baldwin finished the season with an 18–17 win–loss record, with 164 strikeouts and 122 walks over 334 innings pitched, as Chicago finished 71–50, third in the NL. By December, Baldwin had re-signed with the club.
With the sale of Clarkson to Boston, only White Stockings' player–manager Cap Anson, according to one prediction, believed the team could win a pennant. In a May 30 game against the Washington Nationals, Baldwin sprained a tendon in his right leg, an injury from which he did not return until early July. The White Stockings finished the season second in the NL, nine games behind the New York Giants, with a 77–58 record. Baldwin led his team with 15 losses and 99 walks.
Baldwin played on Spalding's 1888–89 World Tour. In a game seen by 12,000 spectators, Baldwin pitched in a game for the Chicagos against the All-Americas in Melbourne as Chicago won 5–3, breaking a three-game losing streak. A monkey bit Baldwin on a ship on the tour after he fed it pretzels and beer; the bite has been reported in a different source as a serious scratch. On April 24, 1889, Anson released him and three other White Stockings and stated he would rather "take eighth place with [a team of gentlemen] than first with a gang of roughs"; according to Baldwin, Chicago did not restrict alcohol consumption on the tour (team owner Albert Spalding was a "temperance crusader"), and at various banquets Baldwin attended the wine "flowed freely". In addition to his alcohol consumption on the tour, Baldwin stated that after he hinted he would not sign for the salary of the previous season, he was released. Later in the year, Anson cited Baldwin's lack of pitch control as a reason for his release. Baldwin signed with the Columbus Solons of the AA on May 3.
Columbus Solons and Chicago Pirates (1889–90)
Baldwin, who debuted for the Solons on May 4 in a showing described by The Chicago Tribune as "anything but credible," explained his poor opening game as a result of unfamiliarity with AA coaching methods. By late June, a month in which he hit a double, three triples, and a home run over a three-game span, Baldwin was "doing better", according to a writer for The Chicago Tribune. According to a writer for The Saint Paul Globe, Baldwin pitched the "best ball in the [A]ssociation" in July. On August 31, Baldwin set the single-game AA record for strikeouts with 13 against the Browns. In his only season in the AA, Baldwin led the league in innings pitched (), losses (34), strikeouts (368), walks (274), and wild pitches (83), the last of which set a major league record that still stands today. Baldwin's 274 walks set a then-MLB record, while his strikeout total is the most post-1886 except for Nolan Ryan, Sandy Koufax, and Randy Johnson.
In November 1889, Baldwin met in Chicago with the National Brotherhood of Professional Baseball Players, a union of baseball players which would form the Players' League (PL) in 1890, where the union reportedly discussed the formation of a Chicago team. According to John Montgomery Ward, "the movement is an experiment on our part to have the men who do the work participate in the profits of the pastime". On why he joined the league, Baldwin said he was "not playing ball for principles", but rather for the "money that's in it", and on other players in the PL stated "not one of them ever had much faith in the principles which were said to have led to the revolt".
Despite an attempt by Anson to convince Baldwin to sign with an NL team in which Anson "spent more money than he [had] spent before", on November 21, Baldwin signed a PL contract for the Chicago team, nicknamed the Pirates. Baldwin's 1.77 "average earned runs per game by opponents" through May 21, 1890 ranked second-lowest in the PL, while his seven games played as a pitcher tied for second highest in the league.
Baldwin finished the year as the PL leader in games played as a pitcher (58), innings pitched (492), wins (33), strikeouts (206), complete games (56), and walks (249), as the Pirates finished fourth in the PL, ten games behind the first-place Boston Reds. PL historian Ed Koszarek has described him as a star of the league. When the PL disbanded on January 16, 1891, as the NL and AA ratified a new National Agreement, Columbus retained Baldwin under reserve, and Baldwin officially signed with the team in January 1891 for $2,900 (). After a discussion with Alleghenys team owner J. Palmer O'Neil in February, he jumped contract (thereby jumping leagues) and signed with Pittsburgh late that month or early in March despite saying he did not want to play for the club earlier in the year.
Pittsburgh Pirates and New York Giants (1891–93)
In early March, Baldwin tried to convince Jack O'Connor of the Solons and Silver King of St. Louis to sign with Pittsburgh. Chris von der Ahe, owner of the St. Louis Brown Stockings, had Baldwin arrested for allegedly conspiring with O'Neil to sign players from St. Louis to Pittsburgh shortly thereafter. The charges were nolle prossed, and Baldwin later sued von der Ahe for false imprisonment. After years of litigation, Baldwin won a judgement of $2,525 () against the owner in 1897. Around early 1891, the Alleghenys nickname changed to the Pirates due to the club's habit of signing players from other teams.
In August he allowed only one hit against the Boston Beaneaters in a complete game. He ended an eleven-game winning streak of games in which he pitched in September. Baldwin had a 2.76 earned run average (ERA) and a 1.40 walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP) rate in his first year with the club as the Pirates finished last in the NL; Baldwin's 23 hit batsmen led the league, while his totals in innings pitched, wins, losses, and complete games led the club. He re-signed with the Pirates in November.
Baldwin pitched on Opening Day for Pittsburgh on April 12, 1892 in a 7–5 Pittsburgh victory against the Cincinnati Reds. In July, Baldwin asked Brooklyn Bridegrooms president Charles Byrne to trade him to the team in exchange for pitcher Tom Lovett. The proposition never went through, possibly because Brooklyn opposed it. Baldwin either asked for a ten-day vacation or the Pirates suspended him for ten games starting around August 6 due to indifferent play. Pittsburgh gave Baldwin a ten-day notice of intent to release on August 25, 1892 with a local paper stating the Pittsburgh magnates thought of him as "unreliable, of uncertain temper and [believing] his heart was never in the game". The Pirates possibly gave him a ten-day notice due to his involvement in the Homestead strike, a labor strike culminating in a battle between workers of the Carnegie Steel Company and members of the Pinkerton detective agency hired by management to introduce strikebreaker workers to the mill.
In September 1892, Carnegie Steel Company Secretary F.T.F. Lovejoy provided information which left Baldwin charged with aggravated riot. Baldwin stated he was at the strike "merely as a spectator", and when the surrender of the Pinkertons occurred he "went to his home in Homestead and in no way aided or abetted the attack on the defenseless prisoners". Baldwin was released from prison after his father posted $2,000 () bail. He later rejoined the club on the team's trip east, with the club recalling his release. Baldwin was re-arrested on September 23 along with 166 other defendants on the same charge, but never received a trial. He finished the 1892 season with a 26–27 win–loss record and a 3.47 ERA as the team ended with a 80–73–2 win–loss–tie record, sixth in the NL. He led the team in wins and losses, games pitched, innings pitched, complete games, walks, strikeouts, and tied with Red Ehret and Phil Knell for the league lead in hit batsmen.
In the off-season, Baldwin sold real estate and insurance in Homestead, and stated he did not care about returning to baseball after refusing a contract with the Pirates due to low wages. He re-signed with Pittsburgh in February 1893 for $2,400 (), the same amount for which he reportedly refused a contract with Pittsburgh earlier. In a game against a team from New Orleans during the off-season, Baldwin walked eleven batters. He appeared in one game for the 1893 Pirates before the club released him in early May. He signed with the New York Giants shortly thereafter in a move that also saw the release of King. In July, Baldwin ended a streak of eleven games pitched in which he did not record a win. He ended the year with a 16–20 record and a 4.10 ERA as the club finished at a 68–64–4 record (fifth in the NL). Baldwin's 33 complete games were second on the Giants to Amos Rusie's 50. In 346 career MLB games, he pitched to a 154–165 win–loss record with 295 complete games.
Independent ball (1894–95)
In March 1894, New York released Baldwin. An article in The Cincinnati Enquirer stated Baldwin could not find a team with which to sign due to his lawsuit against von der Ahe. A retrospective article in The Washington Post stated Baldwin and King were "marooned" due to their involvement in the Association–League war of 1891, in which clubs from opposing leagues attempted to sign each other's players. Baldwin originally did not want to play in a minor league, though he signed with the Allentown Kelly's Killers in mid May. In a game against Harrisburg in late June, Baldwin allowed at least 23 hits.
He spent the 1894 season with the Binghamton Bingoes (also known as the Allentown Buffaloes) of the Eastern League (EL), the Allentown Kelly's Killers (also known as Easton and Ashland), and the Pottsville Colts, the last two of which competed in the Pennsylvania State League (PSL). The Colts ended the season with a 62–44 record, which ranked first in the PSL, and won the league's championship in a disputed game. An article in the Pottsville Miners Journal stated "his excellent work for Pottsville in the championship games had much to do with bringing our club to first place". He additionally played four games for the Yonkers club of the EL.
Baldwin signed with the Philadelphia Phillies in October. Though an article in The Philadelphia Inquirer stated Baldwin was "certain to stay" with the team on March 31, 1895, the Phillies released him in April due to his drinking. The Phillies recalled his release in early May, but he did not appear in a regular-season game for the team. Shortly after his first release, Baldwin re-signed with the Colts for $200 () per month. The Colts granted his release in June, and he signed with the Rochester Browns of the EL for more pay; for Pottsville, he won over two-thirds of the games in which he pitched according to The Allentown Leader.
The Browns released Baldwin due to poor performance which stemmed from drinking alcohol, after which he played for a team in Palmyra and a team in Wheeling of the Iron and Oil League. Baldwin pitched to a record of 10–12 between the Browns and the Colts. During his career, he batted and threw right-handed, weighed , and stood tall.
After professional baseball and personal life
During at least two off-seasons, he joined his brother hunting. Baldwin was a close personal friend of Ad Gumbert.
In April 1896, Baldwin's father purchased a semi-professional baseball team which Mark helped organize. It folded before the end of its first season. After professional baseball, Baldwin coached the baseball team of the University of Pennsylvania. He started medical school at the university in fall 1898. He played as a guard on the American football team for either the University of Pennsylvania or Baltimore Medical College, to which he had transferred, or both. He graduated with a Doctor of Medicine from Baltimore Medical College in 1900 and practiced in Rochester, Minnesota, in Columbus, and at Passavant Hospital in Pittsburgh.
According to an obituary published in The Pittsburgh Press, Baldwin "spent some time with" physicians William James Mayo and Charles Horace Mayo in Rochester and served as assistant coroner to George Frederick Shrady Jr. in New York City. He identified as a Republican in 1889, and, in 1910, supported former teammate John K. Tener in the latter's bid for Governor of Pennsylvania. Baldwin was a Freemason. He never married.
He died at Passavant Hospital on November 10, 1929, of cardiorenal disease after a long illness, and was interred at Allegheny Cemetery in Pittsburgh.
See also
List of Major League Baseball career hit batsmen leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual strikeout leaders
Notes
References
External links
More information and photographs and illustrations on the Spalding World Tour, in which Baldwin took part
Baldwin on signing a PL contract
Major League Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
1863 births
1929 deaths
Chicago White Stockings players
Columbus Solons players
Chicago Pirates players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
New York Giants (NL) players
Penn State Nittany Lions baseball players
Duluth Jayhawks players
Binghamton Bingoes players
Allentown Buffaloes players
Allentown Kelly's Killers players
Easton (minor league baseball) players
Ashland (minor league baseball) players
Pottsville Colts players
Rochester Browns players
19th-century baseball players
Burials at Allegheny Cemetery
Pennsylvania Republicans
University of Maryland School of Medicine alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Baldwin%20%28baseball%29 |
American craft is craft work produced by independent studio artists working with traditional craft materials and processes. Examples include wood (woodworking and furniture making), glass (glassblowing and lampworking), clay (ceramics), textiles, and metal (metalworking). Studio craft works tend to either serve or allude to a functional or utilitarian purpose, although they are just as often handled and exhibited in ways similar to visual art objects.
History
The American studio craft movement is a successor to earlier European craft movements. Modern studio crafts developed as a reaction to modernity and, particularly, the Industrial Revolution. During the nineteenth century, Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle and English social critic John Ruskin warned of the extinction of handicrafts in Europe. English designer and theorist William Morris continued this line of thought, becoming father of England's Arts & Crafts Movement. Morris distinguished the studio craftsman in this way: "[O]ur art is the work of a small minority composed of educated persons, fully conscious of their aim of producing beauty, and distinguished from the great body of workmen by that aim." Both European and American craft traditions have also been influenced by Art Nouveau. Both of these movements influenced the development of the contemporary studio craft movement in the United States during the late nineteenth century, throughout the twentieth century and to the present.
American craft pioneers
In the early nineteenth century it became popular for rural Americans of modest means to take the decoration of their homes and furniture into their own hands. The artist Rufus Porter was an early proponent of the American craft movement. In 1825 he published A Select Collection of Valuable and Curious Arts, and Interesting Experiments Which are Well Explained, and Warranted Genuine, and May be Prepared, Safely and at Little Expense, which is a book of instructions for domestic decorative arts, including wall, floor, and furniture painting.
By the end of the nineteenth century, the preindustrial craft trades had almost disappeared. Industrial expansion and westward movement had largely severed American culture from early Colonial American and Native American craft roots. Against this backdrop, Louis Comfort Tiffany was a pioneer of the American craft movement, arguing for the placement of well-designed and crafted objects in the American home. Tiffany's elegant stained glass creations were influenced by the values of William Morris and became America's leading embodiment of art nouveau.
Gustav Stickley, the cabinetmaker, was an early leader in the development of Studio Furniture and the American craft movement. Stickley's designs were distinguished by their simplicity and by their harmony between interior decorative art and architecture. Stickley's magazine, "The Craftsman," was a forum for this movement from 1901 through 1916. Originally focused on expounding ideas from the England's Arts and Crafts Movement, "The Craftsman" increasingly developed American craft concepts over the years of its publication. Stickley's ideas later had influence on Frank Lloyd Wright and future generations of American craftsmen, artists and architects.
The Roycroft movement was an American adaptation of the British arts and crafts movement founded by Elbert Hubbard and his wife Bertha Crawford Hubbard in the small-town of East Aurora, New York in 1895. Its focus was on writing and publishing ornate books, but it also made furniture and metal products. Roycroft was organized as a living/working artisans' community along the lines of a Medieval European guild.
Early craft institutions
The studio crafts movement was fostered by the establishment of crafts programs within post-secondary educational institutions. In 1894, for example, North America's first university ceramics department was begun at Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. This was followed in 1901 by the establishment of the first ceramics art school at Alfred University in Alfred, New York. Similarly, the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island established the first metal arts class in 1901 and the first textiles class in 1903.
After World War I, a postwar spirit of internationalism influenced the establishment of other important craft institutions, such as the Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. Cranbrook craftsmen translated organic and geometric forms into the style that would be known as Art Deco. At Cranbrook, teachers like Maija Grotell produced important work in their own right while also teaching a new generation of young studio craft artists.
The Depression years and World War II
During the Depression years, the federal Works Progress Administration funded crafts projects as well as public works and murals as a way to both keep workers working and as a way to increase national morale. This enabled crafts to flourish at a local level. At the same time, American art programs began to include craft studies into their curricula.
World War II brought an influx of European artists and craftsmen. These European exiles brought with them a range of historical traditions including not only European craft practices but also knowledge of Asian and other non-Western cultures. One example of this influx is Tage Frid, a Danish furniture maker, who established the reputation of the Furniture Making program at Rhode Island School of Design, and there are certainly others. Also during the post World War II period a general dissatisfaction with industrial society began to fuel further support for handmade art objects. In 1943, the American Craft Council was founded to support craftspeople and cultivate an appreciation for their work. The ACC's founder, Aileen Osborn Webb was a potter interested in creating marketing opportunities for studio craftsmen. The organization eventually grew to include American Craft magazine and the Museum of Arts and Design (then called the Museum of Contemporary Crafts and at one point known as the American Craft Museum). As a result of these phenomena, post-war American craft became stylistically more refined as well as technically more proficient.
The 1950s and Peter Voulkos
During the 1950s, some artists turned to the truth-to-materials doctrine. This movement entailed an emphasis on the collective production of crafts work. Craftsmen sometimes worked together during this period to develop more ambitious projects. Throughout the 1950s and afterwards, potter Peter Voulkos developed increasingly largescale and nontraditional ceramic works, influenced by Abstract Expressionism, which transformed traditional understandings of the craft media. Like the Abstract Expressionists, Voulkos emphasized performance, process and primal expression in his ceramic forms. In some cases, Voulkos deconstructed and reconstructed traditional ceramic vessel forms such as plates, ice buckets, and tea bowls. In other works, Voulkos created new nonutilitarian forms, such as his purely sculptural, large-scale cylindrical "stacks."
Voulkos was also influenced by Zen Buddhism after a 1952 encounter with Japanese potter Shoji Hamada. Hamada encouraged Voulkos to embrace a Zen approach to ceramics based not only upon technical proficiency but also upon a mental and spiritual union between creator and art object. Voulkos later cited Hamada's statement that it "took him ten years to learn the potter's wheel and another ten years to forget it"—an insight that inspired Voulkos' early attempts to fully form a teapot in two minutes.
Voulkos taught at Black Mountain College in 1953, where he was further exposed to the avant-garde movements. In 1954, he founded the ceramics department at the Otis College of Art and Design (then called the Los Angeles County Art Institute). In California, Voulkos' pottery rapidly became abstract and sculptural. Voulkos then moved to the University of California, Berkeley, where he founded another ceramics department and taught from 1959 until 1985. At Berkeley, Voulkos became increasingly prominent for his massive, cracked and slashed pots.
The 1960s and the new glassblowing movement
The culture of the 1960s was even more conducive to the development of studio crafts. This period saw a rejection of materialism and exploration of alternative ways of living. For some, the creation of handicrafts provided just such an outlet. In 1962, then-ceramics professor Harvey Littleton and chemist Dominick Labino began the contemporary glassblowing movement. The impetus for the movement consisted of their two workshops at the Toledo Museum of Art, during which they began experimenting with melting glass in a small furnace and creating blown glass art. Thus Littleton and Labino were the first to make molten glass feasible for artists in private studios. Harvey Littleton extended his influence through his own important artistic contributions and through his teaching. Over the years, Harvey Littleton trained many of the most important contemporary glass artists, including Marvin Lipofsky, Sam Herman (Britain), Fritz Dreisbach and Dale Chihuly. These Littleton students in turn developed the new movement and spread it across the country. Marvin Lipofsky, for example, is credited with being one of the founders of the Glass Art Society and introducing studio glass to California. In 1967, Lipofsky founded the glass program at the California College of Arts and Crafts, which he headed for two decades.
In 1971, Dale Chihuly and Ruth Tamura began the influential Pilchuck Glass School near the rural town of Stanwood, Washington, financially supported by John and Anne Hauberg who supported the idea for a glass-blowing summer school program in the rural Northwest. The subsequent development of this program became the Pilchuck Glass School. Influenced by the Haystack Mountain School of Crafts (the first school to have a glass furnace), and the Penland School of Crafts, Pilchuck Glass School has become a center of the contemporary American studio glass movement, of which Chihuly is a leading figure. Artist Toots Zynsky, a Pilchuck pioneer, observed that the choice of a Western location for the school reflected a conscious rejection of the Eastern art establishment. The naming of the school also reflected the founders' countercultural attraction to Native American culture. Chihuly chose the name "Pilchuck," derived from the Chinookan words for "red" and "water," alluding to the iron-rich waters of the nearby Pilchuck River.
The Renwick Gallery
In 1972, the Smithsonian Institution's Renwick Gallery was founded as a studio craft department of the Smithsonian American Art Museum. Housed in the original Corcoran Gallery of Art building across Pennsylvania Avenue from the White House, it provided a distinguished setting for American studio craft objects in Washington, D.C.
The Year of American Craft
In 1992, President George H. W. Bush signed a proclamation designating 1993 as The Year of American Craft. As part of this commemoration, Renwick Gallery director Michael Monroe selected seventy-two works by seventy American craftsmen which were donated to the White House to serve as The White House Collection of American Crafts. This collection was displayed for four months at the National Museum of American Art in 1995.
Types
Notes
Sources
Biography.com Peter Voulkos Biography (1924–2002) (Retrieved 2007-09-01)
Timothy Anglin Burgard, The Art of Craft: Contemporary Works from the Saxe Collection. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 1999. (paperback). (hardcover).
Barbaralee Diamonstein, "Values, Skills and Dreams: Crafts in America", in Michael Monroe, The White House Collection of American Crafts, Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1995. .
Julie Hall, Tradition and Change: The New American Craftsman, E.P. Dutton, 1977. .
Kenneth Trapp and Howard Risatti, Skilled Work: American Craft in the Renwick Gallery. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1998.
Pohl, Francis K. Framing America. A Social History of American Art. New York: Thames and Hudson, 2002 (pages 118–122)
External links
American Craft magazine
American crafts
American Craft Council
Renwick Gallery official website
Redefining Craft
AmericanStyle magazine
Museum of Arts and Design
The Journal of Modern Craft
International Expositions of Sculpture Objects and Functional Art, Chicago and New York
American Furniture in The Metropolitan Museum of Art, a fully digitized 2 volume exhibition catalog
Decorative arts
Artisans
Handicrafts
Arts and Crafts movement
American art
American Craftsman architecture
Crafts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20craft |
Die Kommissarin (Lady Cop) is a German police TV series which aired on Das Erste. Its 66 episodes ran from 1994 till 2006.
The series, which takes place in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, is notable as being the first, and as one of the most successful, German police detective series with a female lead character (others include Bella Block and Rosa Roth).
The main character is Inspector Lea Sommer, played by Hannelore Elsner. Sommer is divorced with custody of her teenage son, Daniel. She is looking forward to a new relationship with her new boyfriend, Jonathan. Although Lea and Jonathan telephone each other frequently, he is never seen or heard on screen (see unseen character).
Sommer was originally paired with Nick Siegel (Til Schweiger), but in a 1996 episode, Siegel was shot to death by an escaping criminal. His last words were "Lea, ich fühle mich so kalt" ("Lea, I feel so cold"). Sommer's current partner officer is Jan Orlop.
Die Kommissarin airs on the German Language channel German Kino Plus in the United States. In Finland it airs on Yle TV2 under the title Etsivä Lea Sommer. (Detective Lea Sommer)
See also
Der Kommissar (TV series)
External links
German crime television series
German drama television series
1994 German television series debuts
2006 German television series endings
Television shows set in Frankfurt
German-language television shows
Das Erste original programming
1990s German police procedural television series
2000s German police procedural television series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die%20Kommissarin |
Brio is a Slovenian pay TV channel targeting female viewers 18–34. It was launched by Pro Plus as Pop Brio in September 2010 and replaced the former TV Pika.
Brio was a part of the first Slovenian subscription package, Pop Non Stop, which launched in September 2011. The package offered six channels: Pop Kino, Pop Kino2, Pop Brio, Pop Fani, Pop Oto, and Pop Spot.
In 2013, the package was discontinued along with the Pop Kino2, Pop Fani, and Pop Spot channels; the remaining three channels became free-to-view channels.
In 2014, Pop Brio became known as Brio.
Current programming
Internationally created series
Internationally created Telenovelas
Coming Soon
Molly of Denali
Past Programming
Nationally created Series / Shows
Internationally created series
Internationally created Telenovelas
Internationally created shows
See also
Pro Plus d.o.o.
POP TV
Kanal A
OTO
KINO
References
External links
POP BRIO at LyngSat Address
Television channels and stations established in 2010
Television channels in Slovenia
Mass media in Ljubljana
Central European Media Enterprises | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brio%20%28TV%20channel%29 |
William Edwin Franklin (born May 3, 1930) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, He served as an auxiliary bishop of Archdiocese of Dubuque in Iowa from 1987 to 1993, and as bishop of the Diocese of Davenport, also in Iowa, from 1993 to 2006.
Biography
Early life
Franklin was born on May 3, 1930, in Parnell, Iowa, the son of John and Matilda (Milholin) Franklin. He was educated in the local parochial school and at the former St. Patrick High School in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He graduated from Loras College in Dubuque, and studied for the priesthood at Mount St. Bernard's Seminary in Dubuque.
Priesthood
Franklin was ordained a priest for the Archdiocese of Dubuque on February 4, 1956, by Archbishop Leo Binz in St. Raphael's Cathedral in Dubuque. His initial assignment after ordination was as secretary to Archbishop Emeritus Henry Rohlman before being named associate pastor of St. John's Parish in Independence, Iowa. From 1959 to 1974, Franklin was a faculty member at Wahlert High School in Dubuque. From 1974 to 1976 he served as associate pastor of St. Mary's Parish and a member of the faculty of Columbus High School, both in Waterloo, Iowa. Franklin served as the pastor of St. Francis of Assisi Parish in Fayette, Iowa and St. Francis Xavier Parish in Hawkeye, Iowa from 1976 to 1980. Franklin became pastor in 1980 of Immaculate Conception Parish in Gilbertville, Iowa before becoming pastor of St. Edward Parish in Waterloo. In 1984, he was assigned as dean of the Waterloo Deanery.
Auxiliary Bishop of Dubuque
On January 29, 1987, Franklin was named titular bishop of Surista and as an auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Dubuque by Pope John Paul II. He was consecrated a bishop by Archbishop Daniel Kucera on April 1, 1987, in St. Raphael's Cathedral. Archbishop Emeritus James Byrne and Auxiliary Bishop Francis Dunn acted as principal co-consecrators. Franklin was assigned to be the episcopal vicar of the Waterloo Region of the archdiocese. His office was in St. Joseph Rectory in Waterloo.
Bishop of Davenport
On November 12, 1993, John Paul II named Franklin as the seventh bishop of the Diocese of Davenport. He was installed January 20, 1994, by Archbishop Kucera in Sacred Heart Cathedral in the presence of the apostolic nuncio to the United States, Archbishop Agostino Cacciavillan.
Franklin revised the diocesan staff, creating an Office of Pastoral Services that combined the ministries of liturgy, education, and social action into the same office to facilitate better communication. He initially did away with the Diocesan Pastoral Council and instituted a Diocesan Pastoral Council Convocation in its place. The convocation drew together clergy, religious orders, and parishioners for their input and formation. Franklin also restructured the deaneries to include Deanery Councils, again to better facilitate communication between the diocese and its parishioners.
Several parishes in the diocese either merged or closed because of changing demographics. The Redemptorists, who had served St. Alphonsus parish in Davenport for 89 years as well as in other parishes, left the diocese in 1997 because of declining numbers. The Sisters of St. Francis in Clinton built a new motherhouse in Clinton, Iowa called the Canticle, also in 1997. Irene Prior Loftus was the first layperson to serve as the diocesan chancellor, and Mary Weiser was hired as the first layperson to serve the diocese as superintendent of schools.
In 2000, the diocese celebrated the Jubilee Year proclaimed by John Paul II. There were no diocesan celebrations, rather they were planned and celebrated in the diocese's six deaneries. The following year, the pope bestowed papal honors on 26 people of the diocese nominated by Franklin. Four priests were named by the Vatican as chaplains to his holiness, eight laymen were honored as knights of St. Gregory the Great, three women received the honor of dames of the Order of St. Gregory the Great, and 11 men and women received the cross oro ecclesia et pontifice. The three women bestowed with the Order of St. Gregory were the first such recipients in the history of the diocese.
The diocese lost two of its colleges just after the turn of the 21st century. Marycrest International University in Davenport, which began as a woman's college in the 1930s, closed its doors in 2002. Mt. St. Clair College in Clinton, Iowa, expanded and became The Franciscan University in 2002 and then the Franciscan University of the Prairies two years later. In 2005, it was sold to Bridgepoint Education, Inc. and became Ashford University, ending its affiliation with the Catholic Church.
In 2002, Franklin received allegations of sexual abuse of minors in the 1970's by William Wiebler, a diocese priest. After Wiebler confessed his crimes to Franklin, the bishop ordered him to enter the Vianney Renewal Center, a treatment facility for priests in Dittmer, Missouri. However, Wiebler later checked out of the facility and moved into a private residence in University City, Missouri, outside the diocese. In 2004, the diocese settled the claims of 37 sexual abuse victims for $9 million dollars; one of the priests named in the settlement was Wiebler. He was laicized in January 2006, several months before his death.
In 2006, the diocese celebrated its 125th anniversary. A eucharistic congress was held to mark the occasion at the LeClaire Park Bandshell. Bishop Paul Coakly preached the homily at the concluding mass. On October 10, 2006, the diocese filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. According to Franklin, this was to properly managed the settlement of sexual abuse lawsuits facing the diocese.
Retirement and legacy
On October 12, 2006, Pope Benedict XVI accepted Franklin's letter of resignation as Bishop of Davenport. Franklin Hall, a residence hall at St. Ambrose University in Davenport, Iowa is named in his honor.
See also
Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States
List of Catholic bishops of the United States
References
1930 births
Living people
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
Loras College alumni
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque
Roman Catholic bishops of Davenport
People from Iowa County, Iowa
American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent
People from Waterloo, Iowa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Edwin%20Franklin |
Milenko Stefanović (19 February 1930 – 25 July 2022) was a Serbian classical and jazz clarinetist. He was a prizewinner in the international competitions in Moscow, Munich, Geneva and Prague, and achieved an international career as a soloist. He was a long-time principal clarinetist of the Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra and Professor of Clarinet at the University of Priština and University of the Arts in Belgrade.
Education
Born in Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (present day Serbia) in a family of amateur musicians, he began his musical studies at the age of five (violin, piano and, later, clarinet). His first clarinet teacher was Franjo Partlić, principal clarinetist of the Belgrade Opera. Stefanović graduated from the Belgrade Music Academy, as a student of Professor Bruno Brun, the founder of modern Serbian school of clarinet playing (1957). He completed there, with the same teacher, his postgraduate studies and was awarded the Magister of Arts degree (1971). Additionally, he studied chamber and orchestral playing in Salzburg, Austria in the class of Igor Markevich, Erich Leinsdorf and Fernand Oubradous.
Awards and honors
Stefanović was a top-prize winner or finalist in the major Yugoslavian and international competitions, including the competitions in Sarajevo (1952), Skopje (1954), Ljubljana (1956), Moscow (1957), Munich (1957), Geneva (1957) and Prague (1959). Additionally, he was presented with the Award of the Yugoslavian Radio-Television (Ohrid, 1972), awards of the City of Belgrade for the best concert in the previous concert season (1976, 1981, 1986), with 7 July Award (1962) – the state's highest award for the arts, as well as with many other honors. In 2007, upon recommendation of the Expert Committee of the Serbian Ministry of Culture, he was awarded Special Acknowledgment for the Highest Contribution to the National Culture in the Republic of Serbia. In 2010 he was awarded The Lifetime Achievement Award by the Association of Musical Artists of Serbia. In 2011, at the ClarinetFest® in Northridge, California, the membership of the International Clarinet Association unanimously voted Stefanović to become an Honorary Member. On behalf of Milenko Stefanović, his granddaughter Irina received the Award on 27 July 2013, at the I.C.A. Awards Ceremony, during the ClarinetFest® in Assisi, Italy. On 12 February 2016, in Belgrade, Serbia, President of the European Clarinet Association Stephan Vermeersch awarded Professor Stefanović with the European Clarinet Association Honorary Membership for Lifetime Achievements in Performance, Teaching and Professional Service.
Performance career
Stefanović was the principal clarinetist of the Belgrade Philharmonic Orchestra (1954–1976).
Apart from holding that position, he also achieved international success as a soloist and chamber music player.
During his extensive career, Stefanović has played in Europe, North America and Africa. As a soloist, chamber and orchestral musician he has collaborated with Yugoslavian and international artists, including: Sir Malcolm Sargent, Sir John Barbirolli, Herbert von Karajan, Lorin Maazel, Leopold Stokowski, Kirill Kondrashin, Igor Markevitch, Bernard Keeffe, Francesco Mander, Marcus Dods, Jerzy Katlewicz, Jovan Šajnović, Borislav Pašćan, Uroš Lajovic, Anton Kolar, Anton Nanut, Vančo Čavdarski, Živojin Zdravković, Oskar Danon, Dušan Skovran, Djura Jakšić, Mladen Jagušt, Julio Marić, Franc Klinar, Sandro Zaninović, Roman Skrepek, Lambra Dimitrijević, Eric Hope, Evgeni Koroliov, Michel Dussault, Andreja Preger, Nikola Rackov, Aleksandar Pavlović, Viktor Jakovčić, Zorica Dimitrijević-Stošić, Mirjana Kršljanin, Aleksandar Lekovski, Zbigniew Chwedczuk, Josef Daniel, Oivin Fjeldstad, Bogo Leskovic, Petr Vronsky, Freddy Došek, Milan Horvat, Stanko Šepić, Bogdan Babić, Dušan Miladinović, O. Pipek, Božidar Tumpej, Jasmina Chakar, Vojislav Simić, The Zagreb Soloists, The Belgrade Trio, The Serbian String Quartet, Zagreb Quartet and many others.
Stefanović was one of the few artists to perform Copland's Clarinet Concerto under the baton of Maestro Aaron Copland (1961).
Stefanović was also a jazz musician – soloist, composer and member of the Belgrade Jazz Trio and Markićević Quintet.
He recorded for the radio and television stations in Yugoslavia and abroad (Moscow, Rome, Paris, London, Berlin...
A number of Yugoslavian composers Aleksandar Obradović, Petar Bergamo, Dušan Radić, Miodrag Ilić, Petar Ozgijan, Dejan Despić, and others dedicated to him their works.
Stefanović has been highly esteemed by the critics. Despite the great number of his appearances, he is one of the very few musicians who have never been reviewed negatively by the critics.
Stefanović has served on the juries in Yugoslavian and international competitions (Belgrade, Warsaw, Zurich...)
Compositions
Stefanovic wrote many jazz compositions and some film music.
Teaching career
Stefanović has been very successful as a teacher, too. His former students hold teaching positions in music schools and universities and play in orchestras in Europe, Asia, Australia and North America. Many of them were prizewinners in various competitions in the country and abroad.
He began his teaching career as a clarinet teacher at the Josip Slavenski School of Music (1967–1993).
He taught at the University of the Arts in Belgrade from 1976, when he was appointed upon recommendation of the previous teacher, Professor Brun, until his retirement in 1995.
Stefanović taught at the University of Priština Faculty of Arts from 1975, when he was one of the founders of its Music Division, until 2009.
He was also a Vice-Chancellor (1985–1989) and member of the Board of Trustees of the University of the Arts in Belgrade.
Stefanović wrote several textbooks for the clarinet students.
Affiliations
Stefanović was a member and former president (1977–1980) of the Association of Musical Artists of Serbia and Honorary Member of the International Clarinet Association (awarded in 2013) and European Clarinet Association (awarded in 2016).
He was a member of the Council of the Belgrade Music Festival (BEMUS) and member of the Publishing Council of Pro musica journal.
Family
Two members of Stefanović's family are also well-known musicians: his son Predrag is a clarinetist and his daughter-in-law Jovana is a composer. Both of them have built significant music careers. Beside that, they are also very esteemed as pedagogues. They have been teaching at the Josip Slavenski School of Music in Belgrade. In that school their child, Milenko's granddaughter, named Irina plays piano but she also composes.
Selected recordings
Baird: Two Caprices
Baronijan: Divertimento for Clarinet, Flute, Strings and Percussion
Bećiri: Sonata
Berg: Four Pieces
Bergamo: Concerto Abbreviato for Clarinet Solo (dedicated to M. Stefanović)
Beethoven: Duo No.2, Op. 147 for Clarinet and Bassoon (with Božidar Tumpej)
Bjelinski: Rondo
Brahms: Sonata No. 1
Brahms:Sonata No. 2
Brahms: Quintet in B minor (with the Zagreb Quartet)
Copland: Concerto (with Aaron Copland)
Cossetto: Clarinet Concerto
Debussy: Premiere Rhapsodie (with Symphony Orchestra of the Radio Television of Belgrade conducted by Oskar Danon)
Despić: Concertino for Clarinet, Bassoon & Orchestra (with Božidar Tumpej, bassoon, and Symphony Orchestra of the Radio Television of Serbia, conducted by Mladen Jagušt)
Despić: Nine Dances for Clarinet Solo (dedicated to M. Stefanović)
Frajt: The Player and the Birds (with Symphony Orchestra of the Radio Television of Belgrade conducted by Dušan Miladinović)
Hindemith: Sonata
Honegger: Sonatine (with Eric Hope)
Kalčić: Musica Concertante for Clarinet solo and Strings<ref>RBG3, 6 July 2002</ref<refTijana Popović Mlađenović, Aleksandar Pavlović
Anthology of the Serbian Music of the 20th Century for Strings –
The premiere performances of the Belgrade String Orchestra ‘Dušan Skovran’ New Sound No. 32, pp. 258–260</ref>
Kessel: Bernardo
Kotlić: Pesma
Lutoslawski: Dance Preludes
Milhaud: Concerto (with Oskar Danon)
Milhaud: Sonatina
Mozart: Concerto in A major K. 622
Mozart: Trio in E-flat major, K. 498 (Kegelstatt Trio)
Mozart: Quintet in A major, K.581 (with the Zagreb Quartet)
Obradović: Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra (with the Radio Television Belgrade String Orchestra, conducted by Vančo Čavdarski, and with the strings of the Zagreb Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Milan Horvat)
Obradović: Microsonata for Clarinet Solo (dedicated to M. Stefanović)
Penderecki: Three Miniatures
Rabaud: Solo de Concours
Radić: Concertino (dedicated to M. Stefanović)
Rossini: Introduction, Theme and Variations
Schumann: Fantasy-Pieces
Saint-Saëns: Sonata (with Zorica Dimitrijević-Stošić)
Shaw: Concerto
Stamitz: Concerto in B flat major
Stefanović: Romance
Stefanović: Grotesque
Stravinsky: Three Pieces
Vauda: Sonata Brevis
Weber: Concertino (recordings with the BBC Orchestra and with Symphony Orchestra of the Radio Television of Belgrade conducted by Oskar Danon)
Weber: Concerto No. 1
Weber: Concerto No. 2
Živanović: Spring Landscape
Živanović: Rhapsody for Clarinet and Jazz Orchestra
Živković: Pean, for violin, flute, clarinet and bassoon
Notes
References
Barker, John Craig. “The Jeunesses Musicales Belgrade International Competition.” The Clarinet Vol. 15/2 (February–March 1988), pp. 38–39.
Blagojević, Andrija. Pregled istorijskog razvoja klarineta i literature za klarinet. Zvečan: Fakultet umetnosti, 2010.
Blagojevic, Andrija, and Milan Milosevic. "Milenko Stefanovic Awarded The Lifetime Achievement Award." The Clarinet Vol. 37/4 (September 2010), p. 17.
Blagojevic, Andrija, and Milan Milosevic. "Trio PON Won International Competition in Kragujevac, Serbia." The Clarinet Vol. 38/1 (December 2010), pp. 11–12.
Blagojevic, Andrija. “Ante Grgin – clarinetist and composer.” The Clarinet Vol. 39/1 (December 2011), pp. 44–45
Blagojevic, Andrija. “Jeunesses Musicales International Competition in Belgrade, Serbia.“ The Clarinet Vol. 39/4 (September 2012), pp. 78–84.
Blagojevic, Andrija."Bruno Brun (1910–1978) – Founder of the Yugoslav clarinet school." The Clarinet, Vol. 41/3 (June 2014), pp. 46–51.
Blagojevic, Andrija. “Tenth International Competition Young Virtuosos in Sofia, Bulgaria.” The Clarinet, Vol. 41/4 (September 2014), pp. 92–93.
Blagojević, Andrija. "Milenko Stefanović Receives ECA Lifetime Achievement Award." The Clarinet, Vol. 43/4 (September 2016), pp. 8–9.
Blagojević, Andrija. "Serbische Klarinettengesellschaft gegründet.” ‘rohrblatt, 31 (2016), Heft 3, pp. 130–131.
Blagojević, Andrija. "Der Klarinettist Milenko Stefanović erhielt die Ehrenmitgliedschaft der European Clarinet Association.” ‘rohrblatt, 31 (2016), Heft 3, pp. 131–132.
Blagojević, Andrija. "Dejan Despić. Neun Tänze/Devet igara/Nine Dances Op. 62 für Klarinette Solo." The Clarinet, Vol. 45/3 (December 2016), pp. 66–68.
Blagojević, Andrija. "Profesor Milenko Stefanović – dobitnik najprestižnijeg evropskog priznanja.“ Putevi kulture – časopis za kulturu i umetnost, No. 26 (2017), pp. 96–98;
Blagojević, Andrija. "Milenko Stefanović and his Collaboration with Composers." The Clarinet, Vol. 45/3 (June 2018), pp. 32–37.
Blagojević, Andrija. "Zlatan Vauda. Sonata brevis for clarinet and piano." The Clarinet, Vol. 45/3 (June 2018), pp. 71.
Blagojević, Andrija. "Belgrade SAXperience: Internationales Saxophon Festival." 'rohrblatt 34 (2019), Heft 4, pp. 178–179.
Blagojević, Andrija. "The Performance Career of Bruno Brun." The Clarinet, Vol. 47/3 (June 2020), pp. 34–37.
Blagojević, Andrija. "Profesor Milenko Stefanović (1930-2022)." Triptih: interdisciplinarni naučni časopis o umetnosti i kulturi/the interdisciplinary scientific journal of art and culture, Vol. 2/1 (2022), pp. 161-165.
Blagojević, Andrija. "A Tribute to Milenko Stefanović." The Clarinet, Vol. 50/2 (March 2023), pp. 9–10.
Brun, Bruno. "Duvački instrumenti u Muzičkoj akademiji." in Dvadeset pet godina Muzičke akademije u Beogradu: 1937–1962. Beograd: [Muzička akademija], 1963, pp. 62–67.
Bryant, Michael. “The Clarinet on record.” In The Cambridge Companion to the Clarinet, edited by Colin Lawson, pp. 199–212. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Campagnolo, Gianluca. The Great Clarinettists. Modica: the author, 2010.
Cipolla, John. “The President's Message.” The Clarinet, Vol 40/2 (March 2013), p. 106.
Dvadeset pet godina Muzičke akademije u Beogradu: 1937–1962. Beograd: [Muzička akademija], 1963.
Dizon, Kristine. "Croatian Clarinet Concertos." Clarinet & Saxophone, Vol. 43, No. 1 (Spring 2018), pp. 22–25.
Đurić-Klajn, Stana. Istorijski razvoj muzičke kulture u Srbiji. Beograd: Pro musica, 1971.
Eberst, Anton. Klarinet i klarinetisti. Novi Sad: Forum, [1963].
Eberst, Anton and Milan Čuljak.Šta treba da se zna o duvačkim instrumentima. Novi Sad: Udruženje muzičkih pedagoga, 1958.
Ikonomova, Vera. Živojin Zdravković i zlatna epoha Beogradske filharmonije. Beograd: Clio, Jugokoncert, 1999.
Jugokoncert: 1946–1971, ed. by Milena Milanović. Belgrade: Yugoslav concert agency, 1971.
Krajačić, Gordana. Muzičke beleške. Beograd: the author, 2012.
Krajačić, Gordana. "In memoriam - Milenko Mima Stefanović," Blic, August 9, 2022, p. 23
Lončarević, Dušan. “Portreti umetnika – Milenko Stefanović.” Pro musica No. 2 (January 1965), pp. 2–3.
Maglov, Marija. The Best of: umetnička muzika u PGP-u. Beograd: Fakultet za medije i komunikacije, 2016.
Maglov, Marija. "The Best of: umetnička muzika u PGP-u". Beograd: Fakultet za medije i komunikacije, 2016.
Maksimović, Miodrag. Beogradska filharmonija 1951–1971. Beograd: Beogradska filharmonija, 1971.
Milenković, Živomir. "Priznanje stiglo iz Kalifornije." Prosvetni pregled (14–21 June 2012), p. 11.
Milenković, Živomir. "Milenku Stefanoviću, univerzitetskom profesoru i legendarnom srpskom klarinetisti – Evropska nagrada za životno delo." Prosvetni pregled (10 March 2016), p. 10
"Milenko Stefanović (1930-2022)." Clarinet & Saxophone Vol. 47, No. 4 (Winter 2022), ed. by Catherine Smith, p. 10; Retrieved on 29 December, 2022.
Milutinović, Žika. “Poslušni klarinet,“ Ilustrovana politika, No. 369 (November 30, 1965), p. 29
Mišić, Radmila. Živeti uz note. Kruševac: Muzička škola "Stevan Hristić", 2001.
Mošić, Andro. Markov prozor. Beograd: KK "Branko Ćopić", 2011.
"Na međunarodnom festivalu u Italiji." Grad, 6 September 2013, p. 19.
Odom, David. "A Catalog of Compositions for Unaccompanied Clarinet Published between 1978 and 1982 with an Annotated Bibliography of Selected Works." D.M.A. diss., Florida State University, 2005.
Pejović, Roksanda. “Domaći umetnici u izgradnji muzičkog života." Pro musica no. 79-80 (1975), pp. 32–33.
Pejović, Roksanda. “Jugoslovenska dela na repertoaru beogradskih umetnika.” Pro musica no. 79-80 (1975), pp. 33–35.
Pejović, Roksanda. “Jugoslovenski umetnici sa orkestrom Filharmonije.” Pro musica no. 79-80 (1975), pp. 38–39.
Pejović, Roksanda. Oskar Danon. Beograd: Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu, 1986.
Pejović, Roksanda, ed. Pedeset godina Fakulteta muzičke umetnosti (Muzičke akademije) 1937–1987. Beograd: Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu, 1988.
Peričić, Vlastimir, with Dušan Kostić and Dušan Skovran.Muzički stvaraoci u Srbiji. Beograd: Prosveta, [1969].
Petrović, Dragoslav. NIMUS – Niške muzičke svečanosti: 1975–2004. Niš: Punta, 2006.
Plavša, Dušan. Muzika – Prošlost, sadašnjost, ličnosti, oblici. Knjaževac: Izdavačka organizacija "Nota", 1981.
Popović Mlađenović, Tijana. ”Aleksandar Pavlović: Anthology of the Serbian Music of 20th Century for Strings – The premiere performances of the Belgrade String Orchestra ’Dušan Skovran’.” New Sound 32 (2008), pp. 291–293.
Preger, Andreja. Stoleće uz muziku. Beograd: Fakultet muzičke umetnosti, 2007.
"Priznanje klarinetisti Milenku Stefanoviću." Politika, 7 September 2013, p. 12.
Ramey, Maxine. “I.C.A. General Business Meeting – Honorary Members.” The Clarinet, Vol. 39/1 (December 2011), pp. 92–94.
Ramey, Maxine. “I.C.A. General Business Meeting – Honorary Members.” The Clarinet, Vol. 40/1 (December 2012), pp. 98–101.
Stefanović, Milenko. Laki komadi. Beograd: Milivoj Ivanović, 1970.
Stefanović, Milenko. Orkestarske studije za klarinet (2 vols.). Knjaževac: Izdavačka organizacija „Nota“, 1979.
Stojković, Milica. Bila sam svedok: Muzička produkcija RTB 1976–1992. Beograd: RDU Radio-televizija Srbije, 2011.
Yoder, Rachel. “Clarinet Pedagogy Around The World.” The Clarinet 50, no. 4 (September 2023): 57–60.
Veselinovć Hofman Mirjana, ed. Istorija srpske muzike – Srpska muzika i evropsko muzičko nasleđe. Beograd: Zavod za udžbenike, 2007.
Walzel, Robert. “The Belgrade Competition – A First Hand Account.” The Clarinet Vol. 15/2 (February–March 1988), pp. 36–38.
Ware, Allan. “A Chat With Professor Milenko Stefanovic and His Son Predrag.” The Clarinet Vol. 15/3 (May–June 1988), pp. 30–33.
Žabeva, Julijana. ”Presentations of Serbian Musicians at the Ohrid Summer Festival 1961–1991.” New Sound 29 (2007), pp. 81–98
External links
Prof. Milenko Stefanovic – video by Predrag Stefanović
Vreme muzike by Maja Čolović Vasić (dedicated to Milenko Stefanović), Radio Belgrade 2, 3 March 2016
Varteks Baronijan: Divertimento, clar. Milenko Stefanović
Dejan Despić: Concertino for clarinet, bassoon and orchestra, clar. Milenko Stefanović
Ludmila Frajt: "A Musician and Birds" (1966), M. Stefanović – clarinet, SO RTB conducted by D. Miladinović (1968)
G. Gershwin: The Man I Love, clar. Milenko Stefanović
B. Kessel: Bernardo, clar. Milenko Stefanović
Aleksandar Obradović: Concerto for Clarinet and String Orchestra, performed by Milenko Stefanović
Camille Saint-Saëns: Sonata for clarinet and piano, Op. 167, performed by Milenko Stefanović and Zorica Dimitrijević-Stošić (first and second movements)
Camille Saint-Saëns: Sonata for clarinet and piano, Op. 167, performed by Milenko Stefanović and Zorica Dimitrijević-Stošić (third and fourth movements)
Stevan Markićević Sextet, clar. Milenko Stefanović
George Gershwin: "Summertime", clar. Milenko Stefanović, piano Nikola Rackov
Carl Maria Weber: Concertino in E-flat Major, performed on 25 March 1967 in the BBC Gala Concert Hall program, by Milenko Stefanović, clarinet and the BBC Concert Orchestra conducted by Marcus Dods
"Mera za muziku" – interview with Prof. Milenko Stefanović, Radio Television of Serbia, 28 March 2016
"Sećanje na klarinetistu Milenka Stefanovića" by Maja Čolović Vasić, Radio Belgrade 2, August 4, 2022
Umetnost interpretacije – Milenko Stefanović, Radio Belgrade 3, March 21, 2023
1930 births
2022 deaths
Musicians from Belgrade
Serbian classical clarinetists
Serbian jazz clarinetists
University of Arts in Belgrade alumni
Academic staff of the University of Arts in Belgrade
University of Belgrade alumni
Academic staff of the University of Pristina
Yugoslav musicians
21st-century clarinetists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milenko%20Stefanovi%C4%87 |
The Bale language, Akar-Bale (also Balwa), is an extinct Southern Great Andamanese language once spoken in the Andaman Islands in Ritchie's Archipelago, Havelock Island, and Neill Island.
History
The Bale disappeared as a distinct people sometime after 1931.
Grammar
The Great Andamanese languages are agglutinative languages, with an extensive prefix and suffix system. They have a distinctive noun class system based largely on body parts, in which every noun and adjective may take a prefix according to which body part it is associated with (on the basis of shape, or functional association). Thus, for instance, the *aka- at the beginning of the language names is a prefix for objects related to the tongue. An adjectival example can be given by the various forms of yop, "pliable, soft", in Aka-Bea:
A cushion or sponge is ot-yop "round-soft", from the prefix attached to words relating to the head or heart.
A cane is ôto-yop, "pliable", from a prefix for long things.
A stick or pencil is aka-yop, "pointed", from the tongue prefix.
A fallen tree is ar-yop, "rotten", from the prefix for limbs or upright things.
Similarly, beri-nga "good" yields:
un-bēri-ŋa "clever" (hand-good).
ig-bēri-ŋa "sharp-sighted" (eye-good).
aka-bēri-ŋa "good at languages" (tongue-good.)
ot-bēri-ŋa "virtuous" (head/heart-good)
The prefixes are,
Body parts are inalienably possessed, requiring a possessive adjective prefix to complete them, so one cannot say "head" alone, but only "my, or his, or your, etc. head".
The basic pronouns are almost identical throughout the Great Andamanese languages; Aka-Bea will serve as a representative example (pronouns given in their basic prefixal forms):
'This' and 'that' are distinguished as k- and t-.
Judging from the available sources, the Andamanese languages have only two cardinal numbers — one and two — and their entire numerical lexicon is one, two, one more, some more, and all.
See also
Andamanese languages
References
Agglutinative languages
Great Andamanese languages
Extinct languages of Asia
Languages extinct in the 20th century | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akar-Bale%20language |
Underground Work (Women) Convention, 1935 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1935, with the preamble stating:
Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the employment of women on underground work in mines of all kinds,..
Ratifications
As of 2023, the treaty has been ratified by 98 states. Of the ratifying states, 30 have subsequently denounced the convention.
References
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
International Labour Organization conventions
Women's rights instruments
Treaties concluded in 1935
Treaties entered into force in 1937
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Treaties extended to Aruba
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Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas
Treaties extended to British Honduras
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Treaties extended to British Cyprus
Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji
Treaties extended to the Gold Coast (British colony)
Treaties extended to British Guiana
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Treaties extended to British Kenya
Treaties extended to Basutoland
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1935 in labor relations
1935 in women's history | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground%20Work%20%28Women%29%20Convention%2C%201935 |
Enrique Serna (born 11 January 1959) is a Mexican writer.
Serna was born in Mexico City. Before devoting himself entirely to literature, he was a scriptwriter for various Mexican soap operas and wrote biographies of popular Mexican figures as well as working in the advertising industry as a copywriter. He has published the novels Señorita México, Uno soñaba que era rey, El miedo a los animales, El seductor de la patria (winner of the Mazatlán Prize), Ángeles del abismo (winner of the Colima Prize), Fruta verde, La sangre erguida (winner of the Antonin Artaud Prize) and La doble vida de Jesús. His short stories, collected in his books Amores de segunda mano, El orgasmógrafo and La ternura caníbal have been included in most anthologies of contemporary Mexican short stories. In 2003 Gabriel García Márquez named Serna as one of the best Mexican short story writers in an anthology published by Cambio review. As an essayist, Serna has published three books that share the dark humor of his fiction: Las caricaturas me hacen llorar, Giros negros and Genealogía de la soberbia intelectual. Some of his works have been translated into French, Italian, German, English and Portuguese. He presently writes a monthly article for the influential Mexican cultural review Letras Libres.
Books
Novels
Señorita México (1987)
Uno soñaba que era rey (1989)
El miedo a los animales (1995)
El seductor de la patria (1999)
Ángeles del abismo (2004)
Fruta Verde (2006)
La sangre erguida (2010)
La doble vida de Jesús (2014)
El vendedor de silencio (2019)
Short stories
Amores de segunda mano (1991)
El orgasmógrafo (2001)
La ternura caníbal (2013)
Essays
Las caricaturas me hacen llorar (1996)
Giros negros (2008)
Genealogía de la soberbia intelectual (2013)
Biography
Jorge el bueno: La vida de Jorge Negrete (1993)
Todas mis guerras (1993), on María Félix. He is listed as editor but was, in fact, the book's ghostwriter.
Children's literature
La caverna encantada (1997)
La recompensa de Nefru (2012)
Other work
Los mejores cuentos mexicanos (2000) (Compiler)
Tríptico de juegos (2002), by Carlos Olmos (Prologue)
Teatro completo (2007), by Carlos Olmos (Prologue and Editor)
References
Enrique Serna at the Internet Movie Database
Enrique Serna's story "The Last Visit" at Latin American Literature Today
Enrique Serna's story "Last Rites" at Words Without Borders
Official Page for Enrique Serna
PlanetadeLibros featuring Enrique Serna
1959 births
Living people
Mexican novelists
Mexican male writers
Male novelists
Writers from Mexico City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique%20Serna |
The Old Globe is a professional theatre company located in Balboa Park in San Diego, California. It produces about 15 plays and musicals annually in summer and winter seasons. Plays are performed in three separate theatres in the complex, which is collectively called the Simon Edison Centre for the Performing Arts:
Old Globe Theatre – 600-seat flagship theatre, fully enclosed, featuring the Donald and Darlene Shiley Stage
Sheryl and Harvey White Theatre – 250-seat intimate theatre in the round (completed 2009)
Lowell Davies Festival Theatre – 605-seat outdoor theatre
The Old Globe Theatre and the Sheryl and Harvey White Theatre are part of the Conrad Prebys Theatre Center. The White Theatre is located within the Karen and Donald Cohn Education Center.
History
1930s–1950s
The Old Globe Theatre was built in 1935, designed by Richard Requa as part of the California Pacific International Exposition. The theatre was based on a copy of one built for the Chicago Century of Progress, which in turn was a copy of the Globe Theatre in London, England, where many of William Shakespeare's plays were performed during his lifetime. Like the original Globe, the theatre was open in the center with a roof over the seating on the sides.
During the exposition, it hosted 50-minute versions of Shakespeare plays. At the end of the exposition, the Globe had been received so well that a nonprofit organization called the San Diego Community Theatre was formed to save the temporary structure from demolition. The committee leased the structure from the city, produced full-length plays, and created a more permanent structure by roofing over the theatre and bringing it up to code. The Globe Players, founded by Thomas Wood Stevens, began by producing unabridged adaptations of Shakespeare plays in The Globe to attract tourists in the San Diego area, with most of the plays lasting less than an hour.
The first director of the Globe theater was Luther Kennett (1937), and on December 2, 1937, the remodeled Old Globe Theatre opened with a production of John Van Druten’s 1933 play The Distaff Side. In the cast was a young actor named Craig Noel, whose presence as an actor, director, and artistic leader would guide the theatre’s growth through more than five decades of continuous production. Noel would become the second director of the Globe and play a major role in its development. Under his direction, the Globe would win a Tony award and become the first professional Actors Equity theater on the West Coast. He is also responsible for the founding of the San Diego National Shakespeare Festival during his time at the Globe.
In 1939, Noel was hired as general director. During World War II, the United States Navy took over all buildings in Balboa Park, including the Globe. The Community Theatre group stayed together, producing one-act plays in various venues around San Diego. When the Globe was returned to civilian use in 1947, Noel returned as general director, and he remained in a leadership position until his death in 2010. In 1949, he launched the Globe's summer Shakespeare Festival in partnership with the drama department at University of San Diego. Since then the Shakespeare festival has been presented every summer except 1953, when Noel broke with tradition by producing the smash hit play Mister Roberts instead. The Globe continued to produce a combination of modern plays along with Shakespeare and other classics.
Since 1949, the National Shakespeare Festival has taken place nearly every summer at the Globe in San Diego.
In 1951, the San Diego Junior Theater Wing of the Old Globe began to offer adventurous, youthful plays for children. Many of the students in the Junior Wing would become actors in the company. For example, Victor Buono, who went on to become a film star after his time at the Globe. In 1953, the Junior Theater became a part of the San Diego Park and Recreation Department, having outgrown the Globe.
From 1955 to 1978, Peggy Kellner designed over 200 shows at the Old Globe, including costuming and set design.
1960s–1990s
The Cassius Carter Centre Stage, a theater in the round, was added in 1969 in what had been the Falstaff Tavern restaurant. It was rebuilt in 2009 as the Sheryl and Harvey White Theatre.
In March 1978, the Globe Theatre was destroyed in an arson fire, and an outdoor festival stage was hastily constructed so that the 1978 season could still be produced. An outdoor stage was built just for the National Shakespeare Festival to continue. They performed modern spins on Shakespeare, including a 1987 production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream that featured an original jazz score. The Globe Theatre was rebuilt and reopened in 1981. In 1984, the festival stage was damaged in an arson attack. It was rebuilt and is now named the Lowell Davies Festival Theatre. The entire three-theatre complex is called the Simon Edison Centre for the Performing Arts.
In 1981 Jack O'Brien was hired as artistic director, while Noel became executive producer.
In 1982, Teatro Meta, a bilingual theatre company so-sponsored by the Old Globe, University of California San Diego, and Southwestern College, had its first production. It was founded by Noel and Jorge Huerta. It became independent in 1987.
1990s–present
In 2012, Barry Edelstein was named artistic director. The Globe has grown into an internationally known theatre complex, an "influential powerhouse among regional theatres." In 1984, it received the Tony Award for best regional theatre.
Notable productions
Shows which originated at the Old Globe have gone on to Broadway to win nine Tony Awards and nearly 60 nominations.
References
External links
Old Globe official website
1935 establishments in California
Arson in California
Balboa Park (San Diego)
Buildings and structures in San Diego
Buildings and structures in the United States destroyed by arson
Culture of San Diego
Fires in California
Landmarks in San Diego
Regional theatre in the United States
Shakespeare festivals in the United States
Theatre companies in San Diego
Theatres in California
Tony Award winners
Tourist attractions in San Diego
World's fair architecture in California
Performing arts centers in California
Theatre company production histories | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Globe%20Theatre |
Anglo European School is a self-governing, co-educational international academy school situated in Ingatestone, Essex. It is a school for boys and girls of all abilities, with 1,306 pupils aged 11 to 19. It was the first state school in Britain to offer the International Baccalaureate Diploma and the first to become a Language College. The school offers opportunities to travel abroad, often on exchanges and learn many languages such as French, German, Spanish, Russian, Japanese, Italian, Chinese and Latin. The school became an academy in 2011, but still has languages as a specialism.
David Barrs and Jill Martin took over as headteachers of Anglo European School following the death of Bob Reed, who was headteacher at the time. They were officially appointed in 2006. With David Barrs leaving in 2021, the current headteacher is Jody Gee.
The school uses the twelve star European Flag as its crest and uses the phrase Making a World of difference as a motto. It is common to hear the school and its pupils and staff referred to as The Anglo Family.
Notable former pupils
David Abraham, Chief Executive of Channel 4
Lydia Rose Bright, reality television star
Ben Drew, known as Plan B, rapper
Mario Falcone, reality television star
James Harper, footballer
John Heffernan, actor
Nadine Lewington, actress
Dan Wright, comedian
Lotte Wubben-Moy, footballer
See also
List of international schools
References
External links
Learning Zone
Academies in Essex
Secondary schools in Essex
International Baccalaureate schools in England
Educational institutions established in 1973
1973 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo%20European%20School |
The following is a list of natural disasters that have affected Pakistan.
See also
List of floods in Pakistan
List of earthquakes in Pakistan
List of tropical cyclones in Pakistan
List of extreme weather records in Pakistan
Drought in Pakistan
External links
Pakistan Top 10 Natural Disasters
Lists of events in Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20natural%20disasters%20in%20Pakistan |
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