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Staunton Street () is a street in Central and Sheung Wan, on Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Together with the upper section of Elgin Street, it is the heart of the Soho entertainment area, featuring a number of restaurants, bars and shops. It was named after George Thomas Staunton.
Location
The street runs on the contour of a hill, and is bounded by Shing Wong Street and Old Bailey Street. It crosses or has junctions with Shelley Street, Graham Street, Peel Street, Elgin Street and Aberdeen Street. Aberdeen Street marks the border between Sheung Wan and Central.
History
The street is also known as Sam Sap Kan (卅間), as there were thirty houses on the street in the early days. It is famous for the tradition of Ghost Festival.
The Central–Mid-Levels escalators system bisects Staunton Street. Its opening in 1994 brought rapid change to the street and its life. Upmarket restaurants and bars opened, catering to the stream of middle class professionals heading home from Central.
No. 13 Staunton Street is the site of the former "Kuen Hang Club", the clandestine headquarters of the revolutionary Revive China Society of Sun Yat-sen. There is a marker in front of the building, denoting its place in the Dr. Sun Yat Sen Historical Trail.
See also
List of streets and roads in Hong Kong
References
Central, Hong Kong
Roads on Hong Kong Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staunton%20Street |
Minburn is a hamlet in central, Alberta, Canada within the County of Minburn No. 27. It is located on the Yellowhead Highway and the Canadian National Railway, approximately west of the Town of Vermilion and east of the City of Edmonton.
History
Minburn was incorporated as a village on June 24, 1919. It dissolved from village status on July 1, 2015, to become a hamlet under the jurisdiction of the County of Minburn No. 27.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Minburn had a population of 78 living in 37 of its 42 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 115. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
As a designated place in the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Minburn had a population of 115 living in 49 of its 49 total private dwellings, a change from its 2011 population of 105. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of former urban municipalities in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta
References
1919 establishments in Alberta
2015 disestablishments in Alberta
County of Minburn No. 27
Designated places in Alberta
Former villages in Alberta
Hamlets in Alberta
Populated places disestablished in 2015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minburn%2C%20Alberta |
Necronauts was a story appearing in the British comics anthology 2000 AD, by British comics writer Gordon Rennie and artist Frazer Irving. It brought Irving to public attention as his high contrast black and white artwork complemented Rennie's dark storyline.
Publication history
The outline for the story and was written in 1991 and was originally intended for Tundra Publishing, where Rennie had published White Trash, however:
The story formed part of a general push by editor Andy Diggle to get more horror into the comic: "I commissioned Necronauts because I thought horror would work well in 2000 AD."
It eventually started in the 2000 AD end of year special in 2000, Prog 2001, and continued in issues #1223-1230.
Characters
Charles Fort, investigator of anomalous phenomena
Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of Sherlock Holmes with a strong interest in the paranormal
H. P. Lovecraft, teller of dark tales
Harry Houdini, escapologist and debunker of fraudulent Spiritualists
A mysterious evil flier, who while never named is clearly based on Charles Lindbergh.
Plot
In 1926, while practising a new trick, Houdini has a near-death experience, awakening the mysterious Sleepers. Meanwhile, Lovecraft is visited by a talking raven, and a séance that Sir Arthur is attending is attacked by a strange force that possesses the medium. Sir Arthur travels to New York City to speak to Houdini, where they are attacked by Tcho-Tchos, summoned by The Sleepers' human minions (The Hidden Masters of the World: The Illuminated Ones).
While Houdini and Lovecraft travel back into the spiritual plane, Fort and Sir Arthur must protect their bodies from the assembling dark forces. However, there is also a traitor in their midst, and one of their number will die.
Collected editions
The story has been reprinted as a trade paperback by Rebellion Developments:
Necronauts (64 pages, December 2007, , February 2008, )
Tharg's Terror Tales Presents Necronauts and Love Like Blood (collects Necronauts and A Love Like Blood, 128 pages, October 2011, )
Awards
2000 Eagle Awards, Favourite Comic Strip to Appear in a UK Magazine or Comic (runner-up)
2001 National Comics Awards, Best New Talent (Tied win): Frazer Irving for Necronauts
2004 Diamond Comics Awards, Graphic Novel of the Year
See also
Fort: Prophet of the Unexplained, another comic starring Fort and Lovecraft also illustrated by Irving
The Searchers, another comic featuring Fort and Doyle
The Arcanum, a novel by Tom Wheeler, which also teams Doyle, Houdini and Lovecraft
Cthulhu Mythos in popular culture
Notes
References
Necronauts at 2000 AD online
External links
Necronauts Tells A Dark History, Comics Bulletin
Reviews
Trade review, Comics Bulletin, November 9, 2003
Review of the trade paperback, October 19, 2006
Cultural depictions of Arthur Conan Doyle
Cultural depictions of Harry Houdini | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necronauts |
Estadio El Sadar (; known as Estadio Reyno de Navarra from 2005 to 2011, ) is a football stadium in Pamplona, Navarre, Spain. The stadium holds 23,516 people. It was built in 1967 and is the home of Osasuna. It is currently used mostly for football matches.
Name
The stadium was known as El Sadar, after a river near the stadium, from 1967 to 2005 and again since 2011. From 2005 to 2011 the stadium was called Reyno de Navarra by its sponsor, the Government of Navarre, using the medieval Spanish spelling reyno instead of the modern reino ("kingdom", derived from rey, "king") which lent it a somewhat archaic touch.
History
The inauguration of the El Sadar Stadium took place on 2 September 1967 with a match between Real Zaragoza and Vitoria de Setúbal from Portugal. The stadium replaced the San Juan stadium that was sold the previous year. The stadium accommodated a capacity of 25,000 spectators at its opening with only 7,000 of those seated. Its inaugural game was played on 2 September between Zaragoza and Portuguese side Vitoria de Setúbal and ended in a one-all draw. The following day Osasuna defeated Vitoria de Setúbal 3-0 for its first win in the new stadium. Osaba scored the first goal for Osasuna in El Sadar in the 28th minute.
Bon Jovi performed at the stadium during their These Days Tour on June 5, 1996.
In November 2014, Osasuna was forced to sell the stadium to the regional government of Navarre (Navarra) because of the club's huge economic crisis, threatening its continued existence. The measure was approved in the regional parliament with 31 votes in favour and 18 against.
In the summer of 2015, the capacity of the stadium was reduced from 19,800 to 18,375 due to security-related renovation works.
Expansion
In early 2019, the club's members voted in favour of an expansion of the stadium to almost 24,000 seats (in preference to modest upgrading to meet league requirements with no increased capacity) and then chose their favourite from several projects submitted by firms the previous year.
The work, including the addition of an extra tier of seats on the three smaller stands and corners to almost reach the height of the grandstand, the installation of 1,300 rail seating places at the south end of the ground, a new roof structure over the ring of the stands augmented by colour-coordinated external cladding, a club museum and improvements to the players' area, media and corporate facilities and hospitality, began in late 2019 and was completed in early 2021. It was hoped to coincide with Osasuna's centenary but this proved difficult due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain; however, the fact that all matches were played in empty stadia during the crisis allowed the work to carry on with minimal interruption, although at a slower pace than anticipated. The cost was also higher than projected (originally €16 million), eventually coming in at around €21 million.
References
External links
Reyno de Navarra in CA Osasuna official website
WorldStadiums.com entry
Estadios de Espana
Football venues in Navarre
CA Osasuna
Multi-purpose stadiums in Spain
Buildings and structures in Pamplona
Sports venues completed in 1967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Sadar%20Stadium |
Arusha Airport (Uwanja wa ndege wa Arusha in Swahili) is a domestic airport located in Olasiti ward of the city of Arusha, the capital of the Arusha Region of Tanzania. The airport is currently undergoing an expansion, which includes a new apron and terminal building.
The Arusha non-directional beacon (Ident: AR) is located at the west end of the field.
Airlines and destinations
Arusha airport is served by six airlines at the moment. Table below as follows:
Statistics
Accidents and incidents
On 18 December 2013, an Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 767 (ET-AQW) flight from Addis Ababa to Kilimanjaro International Airport made an unscheduled landing at the airport after it failed to land at its destination. The runway is shorter than the 767 is normally able to operate from. Consequently, it overran the end of the runway which resulted in the airport being closed for a short time. A few days later it was flown empty to Kilimanjaro International Airport.
See also
List of airports in Tanzania
Transport in Tanzania
References
External links
OpenStreetMap - Arusha
OurAirports - Arusha
General airport information
Airports in Tanzania
Buildings and structures in the Arusha Region | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arusha%20Airport |
Goshen is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Middle Township, in Cape May County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
Route 47, also known as Delsea Drive, runs directly through the center of the community.
History
The area was settled by Aaron Leaming, who began raising cattle in 1693. By 1710 there was a settlement. Goshen's first industry was a king crab mill and a canning factory. Shipbuilding and lumbering industries flourished. A post office was established in 1818, with Richard Thompson Jr. as the first postmaster.
The Garrison shipyard on Goshen Creek had stocks for the simultaneous construction of two vessels, which, upon being launched, were slipped into the water sideways. Between 1859 and 1898, twenty-five ships of record were built there, along with many smaller craft. Around 1900, Cape May County's shipbuilding industry was shut down. The last ship launched by the Goshen shipyard was the Diamond in 1898. Due to the lasting effects of the brackish water there, the remains of the docks are still visible at the end of Goshen Landing Road during low tide.
The Tavern House (circa 1725), on the corner of Route 47 and Goshen Landing Road, is one of the oldest homes in Cape May County. At different times it has been a tavern, hotel, dentist office and residence. While significant changes have been made, much of the original workmanship is still evident. Rough-hewn logs still support the house, and wooden pegs hold the rafters in place.
Demographics
As of the 2020 United States census, the area had a population of 400.
Education
The community is served by the Middle Township Public Schools, which operates Middle Township High School.
Countywide schools include Cape May County Technical High School and Cape May County Special Services School District.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Goshen include:
Andrew J. Tomlin (1845-1906), awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions in the Civil War.
Wineries
Natali Vineyards
References
Middle Township, New Jersey
Census-designated places in Cape May County, New Jersey
Census-designated places in New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in Cape May County, New Jersey
Unincorporated communities in New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goshen%2C%20New%20Jersey |
Arthur Yager (October 29, 1858 – December 24, 1941) served as the governor of Puerto Rico from 1913 to 1921.
Biography
Yager was born in Campbellsburg in Henry County, Kentucky. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from Georgetown College in Kentucky, and a doctorate from Johns Hopkins University. Yager then became a professor of history, economics, and politics at Georgetown College while becoming active in politics. He served as President of Georgetown College from 1908 to 1913.
In 1913, President Woodrow Wilson, a fellow Democrat who had been a classmate of Yager's when both attended Johns Hopkins University, appointed Yager to the governorship of Puerto Rico. During Yager's administration, and with his support, the United States Congress adopted the Jones-Shafroth Act (also called Jones Act) of 1917, which conferred United States citizenship on Puerto Ricans.
Yager served as governor until Wilson's presidency expired. He was succeeded by Emmet Montgomery Reily, an appointee of President Warren G. Harding. Yager returned to Kentucky, where he died in Pewee Valley at the age of 83.
A collection of Yager's correspondence from his time as Governor is archived at the Filson Historical Society in Louisville, Kentucky and open for research.
References
.
.
.
External links
Yager Collection at Georgetown College
Filson Historical Society Newsmagazine, Vol.6, No.3
1858 births
1941 deaths
People from Henry County, Kentucky
Kentucky Democrats
Governors of Puerto Rico
Presidents of Georgetown College (Kentucky)
Georgetown College (Kentucky) faculty
Georgetown College (Kentucky) alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Yager |
The Rosslyn Park National Schools Sevens is an English rugby union sevens tournament, organised by Rosslyn Park F.C., that has evolved into the world's largest rugby tournament with some 9,500 boys and girls aged 13 – 19 competing annually from over 800 schools. There are now well over 1,100 matches on the 5 groups of pitches (each one having its own Ground Management Team) every year. A separate tournament for the U11 age group takes place the week before.
Originally a tournament played amongst British public schools, the tournament has evolved and expanded over the years and now accepts sides from all over the world. Countries from which schools have participated included Canada, China, Denmark, Guernsey, Hungary, India, the Isle of Man, Jersey, Kenya, Nigeria, Poland, Romania, South Africa, Spain, and the Ukraine as well as England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
NS7 Open Titles
Format
The play for the tournament is centred on Wimbledon Common and adjoining land to the south, where there are 24 pitches having outgrown the original home of the tournament at Rosslyn Park's home ground at nearby Priory Lane. All the pitches are close together and there is just a short walk between them all.
Each Tournament has a similar format of Group matches on the first day with possibly a knockout round or two. The second day is for the knockout rounds, which culminate in the relevant Final. The Junior Tournament and the Preparatory Tournament (both under 13s) start on the Monday, the Festival (one term rugby schools) starts Tuesday, the Colts (under 16s) Wednesday, and the Girls Tournament and Open Tournament (both under 18s) start on Thursday.
History
There has been some recent speculation (November 2008) about the reasons for the Schools 7s' inception. Research by Richard Cable of the BBC shows that Rosslyn Park started holiday games for schoolboys following the Great War. These were held in January and were believed to be in commemoration of Rosslyn Park members killed in action. This was the beginning of a strong link between the club and youth rugby – something that continues to this day. In 1938, it was known that an internal tournament took place at the club in which members played as old boys representing their schools. The following year, and possibly as a result of some disagreement among the members as to whose school was better at "rugger", the Schools 7s was born.
The event was first held in 1939 and has been held every year since, becoming one of the oldest continuous tournaments for schools and the oldest ongoing schoolboy rugby tournament in England. The first tournament was won by St George's School, Harpenden, which was a fee-paying independent school at that time. It was intended to be a knock-out competition for English public schools but as interest grew it was extended to include state schools (both grammar and comprehensive) and preparatory schools. The format was also changed into pool groups so that no U16 or girls side played fewer than three matches and no U18 boys side fewer than four. Almost all the founding 16 schools compete to this day and, although it remains an invitation event, no eligible school would be refused entry upon application. In 1956, the Preparatory Schools competition was started for IAPS schools and in 1973 the Juniors (U13s) were held for the first time. In March 1997, a new competition was introduced for the U16s and it has been the policy during the past few years to invite schools from overseas who may be touring the UK to play in the tournament. Each year the number of schools applying increases. In 1998, the first girls (U18) competition was inaugurated, and a recent popular inclusion has been a sevens challenge match between Old Boys RFCs, the first of which was between Ampleforth and Millfield, who between them have won the senior tournaments a remarkable 21 times.
Recent tournaments
In recent years Millfield have enjoyed the most success in the 'Open', although in 2004 Ivybridge Community College pipped them in the final, just 14 years after the school took up the sport. John Fisher School appeared in four Open finals between 1997 and 2009, winning twice. After Ben Gollings (currently world record points scorer on the IRB 7s circuit) took his Canford side to success in the 1997 Festival, the trophy was won either by Wellington or Cheltenham until Colston's School Bristol broke the trend in 2006. The 2003 final seemed certain to be a record five on the trot for Wellington with their impressive international line-up, but Cheltenham turned round a 0-12 half-time deficit to win. Cheltenham repeated their triumph the following year by beating Taunton, before Wellington College won again in 2005. Colston's won in 2006 (despite normally playing in the Open) and King's College, Taunton in 2007 after going close in previous years.
Colston's made history in 2007 by becoming the first school to win both the Open (U18 Boys) and the Girls' (U18) tournaments. Benenden School, in only its first season of rugby, pushed them all the way in the final before eventually losing 19–17. Colston's girls could not repeat their feat in 2008, falling to East Norfolk 6th Form College in a high-quality game, while Sedbergh won the Open Tournament. The 2008 tournament was broadcast live on the internet and was watched in over 30 countries.
In the 2009 tournament. Millfield continued their success, winning both the Open and the Colts tournament. In the Festival, Epsom College was defeated by Wellington College, while Neath Port Talbot ended Colston's Girls' dominance to take the title. In 2010, Millfield won the Open, Colts and Prep Schools tournaments; Tonbridge School beat Wellington in the Festival and Hartpury cruised to the Girls' title.
In 2011, HSBC became the tournament's sponsor. By now, the event had four separate food outlet centres, 32 exhibitors and a large screen for results and advertising. Film highlights from the previous day were uploaded the next morning and mixed with the advertising content on a large LED screen. On the pitch, Millfield's recent dominance faded and they failed to make the next day's play-off rounds in any of the competitions. South Gloucestershire and Stroud College won the Open, Hartpury College won the Girls' title and Tonbridge won the Colts.
In 2015 Wellington College beat John Fisher in the final 12–7. In 2016, Cranleigh School, one of the smaller schools in the competition, beat Harrow School to take the trophy, and repeated their success the following year by defeating Brighton College 28–7 in the final.
All the results are updated on the official website throughout each day.
Video of matches
The rugby sevens matches played on main pitch RE1 are filmed. Video of these matches are live streamed and can be watched on YouTube: Playlist here.
Former players
The tournament is now recognised as a breeding ground for top British international rugby players, many of whom first started out playing in the competition.
Ade Adebayo (Kelly, 1987)
Rob Andrew (Barnard Castle, 1980)
Iain Balshaw (Stonyhurst, 1997)
Nick Beal (RGS High Wycombe, 1987/88)
Kyran Bracken (Stonyhurst, 1990)
Lawrence Dallaglio (Ampleforth, 1989)
Will Carling (Terra Nova, 1975/76)
Justyn Cassell (Dulwich, 1984)
Matt Dawson (RGS High Wycombe, 1986, 1990/91)
Phil Dowson (Sedbergh, 1999)
Phil de Glanville (Bryanston, 1985)
Ben Gollings (Canford, 1997)
Andrew Harriman (Radley, 1981)
James Haskell (Wellington, 2002)
Damian Hopley (St Benedict's, 1982)
Jonathan Joseph (Millfield, 2009)
Tim Rodber (Churcher's, 1986)
Chris Robshaw (Millfield, 2006)
Paul Sackey (John Fisher, 1997 & 1998)
Chris Sheasby (Caldicott, 1978 / Radley, 1983)
James Simpson-Daniel (Sedbergh, 1999)
Rory Underwood (Barnard Castle, 1980)
Anthony Watson (St.George’s, Weybridge, 2015)
Terry Price Llanelli 1963 and 64
Gareth Edwards (Millfield, 1966)
Keith Jarrett (Monmouth, 1967)
Craig Quinnell (Llandovery, 1992)
Simon Danielli (Cheltenham, 1998)
Joe McPartlin (Wimbledon College, 1955,1956,1957)
Mike McCarthy (Sedbergh, 1999)
Other notable former players include rugby coaches Les Cusworth (Normanton Grammar, 1970/71) and Peter Rossborough (King Henry VIII Coventry, 1967), Liam Botham (Rossall, 1995), horse trainer Ian Balding (Marlborough, 1957) and Queen Elizabeth's grandson Peter Phillips (Port Regis Prep/Gordonstoun).
See also
NatWest Schools Cup
Sanix World Rugby Youth Tournament
References
External links
Rugby sevens competitions in England
High school rugby union | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Schools%20Sevens |
England at the 2006 Commonwealth Games were represented by the Commonwealth Games Council for England (CGCE). The country went by the abbreviation ENG and used the St George's Cross as flag and Land of Hope and Glory as the national anthem.
Diver Tony Ally bore England's flag at the opening ceremony whilst shooter Mick Gault bore the flag during the closing ceremony, both chosen by a vote of England team managers from a list of nominations.
Expectations
England entered these Games, held in Melbourne; Australia, after playing hosts to the previous Games in Manchester in Manchester 2002. The medal tally was not expected to be a large as at the 2002 Games, where England had a home advantage and achieved a total of 166 medals including 54 Gold, 51 Silver and 60 Bronze to finish in second place behind Australia. A strong second place in the medal tally was, however, still expected.
The country sent a large team, with competitors taking part in every sport in the schedule. The largest teams were sent in athletics and swimming and it was in these sports, along with cycling and shooting that the team hoped to win most medals. Though there were medal hopes across most sports.
Medals
Medallists
Silver
Athletics:
Martyn Bernard, Men's High Jump
Natasha Danvers, Women's 400 m Hurdles
Joanne Pavey, Women's 5000 m
Emma Ania, Anyika Onuora, Laura Turner & Kim Wall, Women's 4 × 100 m Relay
Badminton:
Mixed Team
Boxing:
Darran Langley, Light Flyweight 48 kg
Cycling:
Rob Hayles, Men's 4000 m Individual Pursuit
Victoria Pendleton, Women's 500 m Time Trial
Jason Queally, Men's 1 km Time Trial
Oli Beckinsale, Men's Mountain Bike
Men's Team Sprint
Diving:
Peter Waterfield, Men's 10 Platform
Men's Synchronised 3 m Springboard
Gymnastics:
Shavahn Church, Women's Uneven Bars
Women's Artistic Team
Lawn Bowls:
Men's Pairs
Rugby Sevens:
Men's
Shooting:
Mike Babb, Men's 50 m Rifle Prone
Mick Gault, Men's 50 m Pistol
Rachel Parish, Women's Double Trap
Patel Parag, Open Full Bore
Men's 10 m Air Pistol Pairs
Men's 25 m Centre Fire Pistol Pairs
Men's Skeet Pairs
Women's 50 m Rifle Prone Pairs
Squash:
Vicky Botwright & James Willstrop, Mixed Doubles
Swimming:
Simon Burnett, Men's 200 m Freestyle
Rebecca Cooke, Women's 400 m Individual Medley
James Gibson, Men' 100 m Breaststroke
Joanne Jackson, Women's 400 m Freestyle
Melanie Marshall, Women's 200 m Backstroke
Darren Mew, Men's 50 m Breaststroke
Liam Tancock, Men's 50 m Backcrawl
Men's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
Women's 4 × 100 m Freestyle Relay
Women's 4 × 100 m Medley Relay
Women's 4 × 200 m Freestyle Relay
Synchronised Swimming:
Jenna Randall, Synchronised Swimming Solo
Table Tennis:
Andrew Baggaley & Andrew Rushton, Men's Doubles
Weightlifting:
Jason Irving, Open EAD Powerlifting
Bronze
Athletics:
Jessica Ennis, Women's Heptathlon
Stephen Lewis, Men's Pole Vault
Dan Robinson, Men's Marathon
Lorraine Shaw, Women's Hammer
Andrew Turner, Men's 110 m Hurdles
Nadia Williams, Women's Triple Jump
Mara Yamauchi, Women's 10000 m
Elizabeth Yelling, Women's Marathon
Badminton:
Robert Blair & Anthony Clark, Men's Doubles
Gail Emms & Donna Kellogg, Women's Doubles
Basketball:
Men's basketball
Women's basketball
Boxing:
Neil Perkins, Welterweight 69 kg
James Degale, Middleweight 75 kg
Cycling:
Stephen Cummings, Men's Individual Pursuit
Emma Jones, Women's Individual Pursuit
Diving:
Women's Synchronised 3 m Springboard
Gymnastics:
Becky Downie, Women's Beam
Men's Artistic Team
Hockey:
Women's Hockey
Lawn Bowls:
Women's Triples
Netball:
Women's Netball
Shooting:
Pinky Le Grelle, Women's Skeet
Men's 50 m Pistol Pairs
Men's 50 m Rifle 3 Positions Pairs
Men's Double Trap Pairs
Women's 10 m Air Pistol Pairs
Squash:
Lee Beachill, Men's Singles
Tania Bailey & Vicky Botwright, Women's Doubles
Swimming:
Terri Dunning, Women's 200 m Butterfly
Melanie Marshall, Women's 200 m Freestyle
Melanie Marshall, Women's 100 m Backstroke
Matthew Benedict Walker, Men's 50 m EAD Freestyle
Table Tennis:
Catherine Mitton, Women's Singles EAD
Athletics
Team England sent a team of 89 athletes to compete in the Commonwealth Games Athletics meet. The team won 18 medals at the 2006 Commonwealth Games Athletics Meet ; six gold, four silver and eight bronze.
Men
Track
Q : Qualified for next round
DNS : Did not start race
DNF : Did not finish race
DSQ : Disqualified
EAD (T12) : event for athlete with a disability (sight impaired category)
Field
Q : Qualified for final
Combined events
Women
Track
{|class=wikitable style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan="2"|Athlete
!rowspan="2"|Events
!colspan="2"|Heat
!colspan="2"|Semifinal
!colspan="2"|Final
|-
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
!Result
!Rank
|-
|Emma Ania
|100m
|align="center"|11.44
|align="center"|6 Q
|align="center"|11.45
|align="center"|8 Q
|align="center"|11.51
|align="center"|8
|-
|Joanna Ankier
|3000m steeplechase
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|9:53.12
|align="center"|7
|-
|Tina Brown
|3000m steeplechase
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|10:09.14
|align="center"|8
|-
|Helen Clitheroe
|1500m
|align="center"|1:11.05
|align="center"|7 Q
|align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|4:06.81
|align="center"|4
|-
|Natasha Danvers-Smith
|400m hurdles
|align="center"|55.47
|align="center"|2 Q
|align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|55.17
|align="center"|
|-
|Lisa Dobriskey
|1500m
|align="center"|4:10.02
|align="center"|3 Q
|align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|4:06.21
|align="center"|
|-
|Donna Fraser
|400m
|align="center"| DNS
|align="center"| –
|align="center" colspan="4"|did not advance
|-
|Natalie Harvey
|5000m
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|15:51.94
|align="center"|9
|-
|Johanna Jackson
|20km walk
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|1:42:04
|align="center"|7
|-
|Debra Mason
|Marathon
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|DNF
|align="center"| –
|-
|Niobe Menendez
|20km walk
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|1:47:35
|align="center"|8
|-
|Christine Ohuruogu
|400m
|align="center"|51.97
|align="center"|3 Q
|align="center"|50.87
|align="center"|1 Q
|align="center"|50.28
|align="center"|
|-
|Marilyn Okoru
|800m
|align="center"|2:05:01
|align="center"|15 'Q|align="center"|2:00:84
|align="center"|4 Q|align="center"|2:01.65
|align="center"|7
|-
|Anyika Onuora
|100m
|align="center"|11.59
|align="center"|15 Q|align="center"|11.46
|align="center"|9
|align="center" colspan="2"|did not advance
|-
|Jo Pavey
|5000m
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|14:59.08
|align="center"|
|-
|Julie Pratt
|100m hurdles
|align="center"|13.49
|align="center"|8 Q|align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|13.48
|align="center"|6
|-
|Nicola Sanders
|400m hurdles
|align="center"|55.76
|align="center"|4 Q|align="center" colspan="2" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|55.32
|align="center"|4
|-
|Jemma Simpson
|800m
|align="center"|2:03.49
|align="center"|5 Q|align="center"|2:01.78
|align="center"|8 Q|align="center"|2:01.11
|align="center"|6
|-
|Laura Turner
|100m
|align="center"|11.43
|align="center"|4 Q|align="center"|11.38
|align="center"|4 Q|align="center"|11.46
|align="center"|4
|-
|Kimberly Wall
|400m
|align="center"|53.05
|align="center"|13 Q|align="center"|53.75
|align="center"|19
|align="center" colspan="2"|did not advance
|-
|Shelley Woods
|800m EAD (T54)
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|1:58.92
|align="center"|7
|-
|Mara Yamauchi
|10000m
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|31:49.40
|align="center"|
|-
|Hayley Yelling
|10000m
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"| 32:32.38
|align="center"|6
|-
|Liz Yelling
|Marathon
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|2:32:19
|align="center"|
|-
|Nwnyika OnouraKimberly WallLaura TurnerEmma Ania
|4 × 100 m relay
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"| 43.43
|align="center"|
|-
|Christine OhuruoguNicola SandersNatasha Danvers-SmithKimberly Wall
|4 × 400 m relay
|align="center" colspan="4" bgcolor="honeydew"|
|align="center"|DSQ
|align="center"| –
|}
Q : Qualified for next round
DNF : Did not finish
DNS : Did not start
DSQ : Disqualified
EAD (T54) : Events for athletes with a disability (wheelchair racing category)
Field
Combined events
Badminton
Singles and Doubles events
Mixed Team Event
Basketball
Men's tournament
Pool Classification
Pool Matches Pool B Knockout MatchesSemifinalBronze Medal MatchWomen's tournament
Pool Classification
Pool Matches Pool B Knockout MatchesSemifinalBronze Medal MatchBoxing
RSC : referee stopped contest
RET : retired (hurt)
WO : walkover
Cycling
Road
DNF : did not finish
Track
QG – qualified for Gold Final
QB – qualified for Bronze Final
Mountain bike
Diving
Men
1 m: Ben Swain, Peter Waterfield
3 m: Ben Swain, Tony Ally
10 m: Peter Waterfield, Gareth Jones, Leon Taylor
3 m synchro: Tony Ally/Mark Shipman
10 m synchro: Callum Johnstone/Gary Hunt, Peter Waterfield/Leon Taylor
Women
1 m: Tandi Indergaard
3 m: Rebecca Gallentree, Hayley Sage, Tandi Indergaard
10 m: Sarah Barrow, Stacie Powell, Tonia Couch
3 m Synchro: Tandi Indergaard/Hayley Sage
10 m Synchro: Stacie Powell/Tonia Couch, Brooke Graddon/Sarah Barrow
Field hockey
Men's tournament
Richard Alexander
Jon Bleby
Jonty Clarke
Scott Cordon
Matt Daly
Jon Ebsworth
James Fair
Brett Garrard
Adam Rebbeck
Ben Hawes
Martin Jones
Glenn Kirkham
Simon Mantell
Ben Marsden
Barry Middleton
Rob Moore
James TindallHead coach: Jason Lee
Women's tournament
Jennie Bimson
Melanie Clewlow
Crista Cullen
Alex Danson
Becky Duggan
Joanne Ellis
Cathy Gilliat-Smith
Helen Grant
Charlotte Hartley
Beckie Herbert
Carolyn Reid
Helen Richardson
Chloe Rogers
Beth Storry
Kate Walsh
Rachel Walsh
Lisa Wooding
Lucilla WrightHead coach: Danny Kerry
Gymnastics
Artistic
Men
Ryan Bradley
Ross Brewer
Luke Folwell
Louis Smith
Kristian Thomas
Women
Beth Tweddle (Team captain, withdrew due to injury)
Imogen Cairns
Shavahn Church
Hannah Clowes
Becky Downie
Rhythmic
Hannah Chappell
Rachel Ennis
Heather Mann
Lawn bowls
Men
Mark Bantock
Ian Bond
Stephen Farish
Mervyn King
Robert Newman
Andy Thomson
Women
Jean Baker
Ellen Falkner
Susan Harriott
Katherine Hawes
Amy Monkhouse
Catherine Popple
Netball
England's netball team qualified for the event by being in the top six of the IFNA world rankings.
Women only team event – 1 team of 12 players
Roster
Ama Agbeze, Karen Atkinson, Louisa Brownfield, Jade Clarke, Pamela Cookey, Rachel Dunn, Chioma Ezeogu, Geva Mentor, Sonia Mkoloma, Olivia Murphy (captain), Naomi Stenhouse, Abby Teare, Margaret Caldow (head coach)
Group play
Semi-final
Bronze medal match
Rugby sevens
Simon Amor (Captain)
Danny Care
Ben Gollings
Richard Haughton
Magnus Lund
Nils Mordt
Henry Paul
Ben Russell
David Seymour
Mathew Tait
Tom Varndell
Andy Vilk
Shooting
Men
Clay target:
Skeet: Richard Brickell, Clive Bramley
Trap: Christopher Dean, Edward Ling
Double trap: Richard Faulds, Steve Walton
Pistol:
10 m air pistol: Mick Gault, Nick Baxter
25 m centre fire: Peter Flippant, Simon Lucas
25 m standard pistol: Mick Gault, Simon Lucas
50 m pistol: Mick Gault, Nick Baxter
Small bore rifle:
10 m: air rifle: Chris Hector, Chris Lacey
50 m rifle 3 positions: Chris Hector, Jason Burrage
50 m: rifle prone: Mike Babb, Chris Hector
Women
Clay Target:
Skeet: Elena Little, Pinky Le Grelle
Trap: Lesley Goddard
Double trap: Charlotte Kerwood, Rachel Parish
Pistol:
10 m air pistol: Georgina Geikie, Julia Lydall
25 m sports pistol: Georgina Geikie, Julia Lydall
Small bore rifle:
10 m air rifle: Louise Minett, Becky Spicer
50 m rifle 3 positions: Louise Minett, Becky Spicer
50 m rifle prone: Sharon Lee, Helen Spittles
Open
Full Bore: Queens Prize: Glyn Barnett, Parag Patel
Squash
Men
Lee Beachill
Adrian Grant
Nick Matthew
Peter Nicol
James Willstrop
Women
Tania Bailey
Vicky Botwright
Jenny Duncalf
Linda Elriani
Alison Waters
Swimming
Men
Matthew Bowe
Simon Burnett
Matthew Clay
Chris Cook
Chris Cozens
Ross Davenport
Mark Foster
James Gibson
Anthony Howard
Darren Mew
Dean Milwain
Alex Scotcher
Liam Tancock
Matt Walker EAD
Women
Julia Beckett
Rosalind Brett
Rebecca Cooke
Terri Dunning
Francesca Halsall
Kate Haywood
Joanne Jackson
Melanie Marshall
Keri-anne Payne
Kate Richardson
Katy Sexton
Amy Smith
Synchronised swimming
Olivia Allison
Jenna Randall
Lauren Smith
Table tennis
Men
Andrew Baggaley
Alan Cooke
Paul Drinkhall
Andrew Rushton
Sean Sweeting
Jack Donohoe
Women
Helen Lower
Joanna Parker
Kelly Sibley
Georgina Walker
Sue Gilroy EAD
Cathy Mitton EAD
Jane Campbell EAD
Catherine Perry
Michael Barrett
Men's Team EventPool CWomen's Team EventPool B'''
England are eliminated at the pool stage.
Triathlon
Men
Women
Weightlifting
Men
Men – EAD (Powerlifting)
Women
See also
Commonwealth Games Council for England
England at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
References
External links
2006 Commonwealth Games Council for England website
BBC Sports – a full list of England's competitors at the 2006 Games in Melbourne
Nations at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
2006
2006 in English sport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England%20at%20the%202006%20Commonwealth%20Games |
Fritz John (14 June 1910 – 10 February 1994) was a German-born mathematician specialising in partial differential equations and ill-posed problems. His early work was on the Radon transform and he is remembered for John's equation. He was a 1984 MacArthur Fellow.
Life and career
John was born in Berlin, Imperial Germany, the son of Hedwig (née Bürgel) and Hermann Jacobson-John. He studied mathematics from 1929 to 1933 in Göttingen where he was influenced by Richard Courant, among others. Following Hitler's rise to power in 1933 "non-aryans" were being expelled from teaching posts, and John, being half Jewish, emigrated from Germany to England.
John published his first paper in 1934 on Morse theory. He was awarded his doctorate in 1934 with a thesis entitled Determining a function from its integrals over certain manifolds from Göttingen. With Richard Courant's assistance he spent a year at St John's College, Cambridge. During this time he published papers on the Radon transform, a theme to which he would return throughout his career.
John was appointed an assistant professor at the University of Kentucky in 1935 and he emigrated to the United States, becoming naturalised in 1941. He stayed at Kentucky until 1946, apart from between 1943 and 1945, during which he did war service for the Ballistic Research Laboratory at the Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland. In 1946 he moved to New York University, where he remained for the rest of his career.
Throughout the 1940s and 1950s he continued to work on the Radon transform, in particular its application to linear partial differential equations, convex geometry, and the mathematical theory of water waves. He also worked in numerical analysis and on ill-posed problems. His textbook on partial differential equations was highly influential and was re-edited many times. He made several contributions to convex geometry, including his famous result that within every convex body there is one unique ellipsoid of maximal volume, now called the
John Ellipsoid.
From the mid-1950s on, he started working on the theory of equilibrium nonlinear elasticity. He coauthored with Richard Courant the two-volume work Introduction to Calculus and Analysis, first published in 1965. He retired in 1981, but continued to work on nonlinear waves.
Honors
He received many awards during his career including the Birkhoff Prize in Applied Mathematics in 1973 and the Steele Prize in 1982. On 5 May 1985, jointly with Olga Arsenievna Oleinik, he was awarded the laurea honoris causa in mathematics by the Sapienza University of Rome.
Publications
All John's published works, excluding monographs and textbooks, are collected in references and with remarks and corrections by himself and commentaries by Sigurdur Helgason, Lars Hörmander, Sergiu Klainerman, Warner T. Koiter, Heinz-Otto Kreiss, Harold W. Kuhn, Peter Lax, Louis Nirenberg and Fritz Ursell.
. John's famous monograph on the Radon transform and its application to partial differential equations.
.
.
.
See also
Bounded mean oscillation
Fritz John conditions
John ellipsoid
John transform
Notes
References
. The "regest of honoris causa degrees from 1944 to 1985" (English translation of the title) is a detailed and carefully commented regest of all the documents of the official archive of the Sapienza University of Rome pertaining to the honoris causa degrees, awarded or not. It includes all the awarding proposals submitted during the considered period, detailed presentations of the work of the candidate, if available, and precise references to related articles published on Italian newspapers and magazines, if the laurea was awarded.
Further reading
1910 births
1994 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
Mathematical analysts
Numerical analysts
New York University faculty
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
American people of German-Jewish descent
MacArthur Fellows
PDE theorists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20John |
City of Angels is a 1976 American television series created by Stephen J. Cannell and Roy Huggins, who had previously worked together on The Rockford Files. American mystery novelist Max Allan Collins has called City of Angels "the best private eye series ever."
Plot
Wayne Rogers plays a determined but not wholly ethical private detective, Jake Axminster, who looks out for himself—and somewhat less aggressively for his clients—amid the corruption of Los Angeles, California, in the mid-1930s. He is aided in his investigative efforts by two friends: his ditzy blonde secretary, Marsha Finch (Elaine Joyce), who also runs a call-girl business on the side, and attorney Michael Brimm (Philip Sterling). Brimm is called upon frequently to defend Axminster from charges (mostly trumped-up) leveled against him by Lieutenant Murray Quint (Clifton James), a fat, cigar-chomping, and thoroughly crooked member of the Los Angeles Police Department.
Axminster drives a 1934 ragtop Studebaker and keeps his office in downtown L.A.’s historic Bradbury Building, phone number OXford-8704. (Brimm’s office is located just across the hall.) For his services, Axminster charges $25 a day plus expenses. Although Brimm describes him as “Mr. Play-It-Safe,” Axminster regularly places himself in danger by helping friends and annoying the police with his questions. His efforts frequently result in his being beaten up. So often does Quint order his thrashing, that Axminster has taken to having nude photographs shot of himself in order to prove later on how aggressive the cops were in their interrogations.
The detective drinks coffee addictively. When one client asks him whether his habit keeps him up, Axminster responds, “No, but it helps.” He appears to be constantly in debt, and he’s not above borrowing money from friends and even from his bootblack, Lester (Timmie Rogers). Axminster “gripes in general about the cost of staying alive. ‘All the angels left this burg about 20 years ago,’ is his succinct summation of the 1930s ...”
Background
Inspired by the 1974 film Chinatown, City of Angels adopted the same cynical view of Depression era Los Angeles, a place where Hollywood and crime competed for attention. This series also found its roots in Roy Huggins’ hard-boiled 1946 detective novel, The Double Take, which had earlier provided the source material for another Huggins-created series, 77 Sunset Strip. Individual installments of this show were based on real-life events. The three-part pilot episode, “The November Plan,” was based on a notorious 1933 American conspiracy known as the Business Plot, which involved wealthy businessmen trying to bring down United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a coup. Another episode, "The Castle of Dreams," featured a pricey brothel where the prostitutes were movie-star lookalikes. That establishment was based on the historical T&M Studio (later fictionalized in L.A. Confidential as the "Fleur de Lis Club"). During the show's run, Nazism, communism, railroad-riding hoboes, and the Ku Klux Klan all figured into the plots.
Like Banyon, an earlier and similar American series set in Los Angeles, City of Angels was short-lived. Only 13 hour-long episodes were produced before NBC decided to cancel the program. Critics argued that the TV audience did not easily connect with Rogers as a tough, wise-cracking gumshoe. TV Guide'''s Cleveland Amory wrote: "Altogether, Mr. Rogers does not seem completely at home in his part, but he does assault the Bogart-style dialogue with appeal, if not aplomb. When, in the first episode, a starlet (Meredith Baxter Birney) can't afford to pay him, she offers him her rings and he says he'll have them appraised. 'You aren't very subtle,' she says. 'You want subtlety,' he says, 'it'll cost 10 bucks a day more.'"
Series co-creator Huggins was said to have thought Rogers was miscast. Meanwhile, Rogers had his own gripes. An "associate of his" was quoted in TV Guide as saying that "Wayne actually tore up Angels scripts while they were shooting on the set and rewrote them himself. He hated the material they gave him." That article continued:
Rogers says, "Angels is a classic example of convoluted, disconnected, bad storytelling." The show had share-of-audience figures of 50%, 31% and 29% for the first three episodes—certainly a respectable record for a mid-season replacement. "These were fine episodes, written by Steve Cannell," says Rogers. "After that, the others couldn't match Cannell's pace and the bottom fell out."
He mostly blames lack of story preparation time for the demise of Angels. "Often we'd have only an outline in hand, with the shooting deadline almost upon us. Sometimes we'd have a script only at the very last minute. I never heard of a show where you shot through the night and ran out of darkness, but that's what happened to us.
"The other big factor was that we'd see someone lost or murdered on page 1 of the script and Jake Axminster would be hired to handle the matter. Then we'd have 49 pages of red herrings. On page 50 we'd come back to the initial thesis. We were seeing non sequiturs all over the place. You can't get away with that."
Wayne Rogers was paid $25,000 a week for his starring role in City of Angels, his first series since departing from M*A*S*H the previous year.
The series' theme music was composed by Nelson Riddle.City of Angels was repeated on the A&E Network for several years beginning in 1990, and then made another brief appearance as part of a package of Universal series airing on TV Land, starting in 1999.
Episodes
Note that Roy Huggins is credited as a writer under his own name for episodes 1, 2, 3 and 9, and as "John Thomas James" for episodes 4, 6, 7, 8 and 11.
References
External links
Shonk, Michael. “A TV Series Review: City of Angels (1976).” Mystery*File,'' April 16, 2012.
1976 American television series debuts
1976 American television series endings
1970s American crime television series
American detective television series
NBC original programming
Television series by Universal Television
Television series by Stephen J. Cannell Productions
Television series set in the 1930s
Television shows set in Los Angeles
Television series created by Stephen J. Cannell
Television series created by Roy Huggins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20of%20Angels%20%281976%20TV%20series%29 |
Microspores are land plant spores that develop into male gametophytes, whereas megaspores develop into female gametophytes. The male gametophyte gives rise to sperm cells, which are used for fertilization of an egg cell to form a zygote. Megaspores are structures that are part of the alternation of generations in many seedless vascular cryptogams, all gymnosperms and all angiosperms. Plants with heterosporous life cycles using microspores and megaspores arose independently in several plant groups during the Devonian period. Microspores are haploid, and are produced from diploid microsporocytes by meiosis.
Morphology
The microspore has three different types of wall layers. The outer layer is called the perispore, the next is the exospore, and the inner layer is the endospore. The perispore is the thickest of the three layers while the exospore and endospore are relatively equal in width.
Seedless vascular plants
In heterosporous seedless vascular plants, modified leaves called microsporophylls bear microsporangia containing many microsporocytes that undergo meiosis, each producing four microspores. Each microspore may develop into a male gametophyte consisting of a somewhat spherical antheridium within the microspore wall. Either 128 or 256 sperm cells with flagella are produced in each antheridium. The only heterosporous ferns are aquatic or semi-aquatic, including the genera Marsilea, Regnellidium, Pilularia, Salvinia, and Azolla. Heterospory also occurs in the lycopods in the spikemoss genus Selaginella and in the quillwort genus Isoëtes.
Types of seedless vascular plants:
Water ferns
Spikemosses
Quillworts
Gymnosperms
In seed plants the microspores develop into pollen grains each containing a reduced, multicellular male gametophyte. The megaspores, in turn, develop into reduced female gametophytes that produce egg cells that, once fertilized, develop into seeds. Pollen cones or microstrobili usually develop toward the tips of the lower branches in clusters up to 50 or more. The microsporangia of gymnosperms develop in pairs toward the bases of the scales, which are therefore called microsporophylls. Each of the microsporocytes in the microsporangia undergoes meiosis, producing four haploid microspores. These develop into pollen grains, each consisting of four cells and, in conifers, a pair of external air sacs. The air sacs give the pollen grains added buoyancy that helps with wind dispersal.
Types of Gymnosperms:
Conifers
Pines
Ginkgos
Cycads
Gnetophytes
Angiosperms
As the anther of a flowering plant develops, four patches of tissue differentiate from the main mass of cells. These patches of tissue contain many diploid microsporocyte cells, each of which undergoes meiosis producing a quartet of microspores. Four chambers (pollen sacs) lined with nutritive tapetal cells are visible by the time the microspores are produced.
After meiosis, the haploid microspores undergo several changes:
The microspore divides by mitosis producing two cells. The first of the cells (the generative cell) is small and is formed inside the second larger cell (the tube cell).
The members of each part of the microspores separate from each other.
A double-layered wall then develops around each microspore.
These steps occur in sequence and when complete, the microspores have become pollen grains.
Embryogenesis
Although it is not the usual route of a microspore, this process is the most effective way of yielding haploid and double haploid plants through the use of male sex hormones. Under certain stressors such as heat or starvation, plants select for microspore embryogenesis. It was found that over 250 different species of angiosperms responded this way. In the anther, after a microspore undergoes microsporogenesis, it can deviate towards embryogenesis and become star-like microspores. The microspore can then go one of four ways: Become an embryogenic microspore, undergo callogenesis to organogenesis (haploid/double haploid plant), become a pollen-like structure or die.
Microspore embryogenesis is used in biotechnology to produce double haploid plants, which are immediately fixed as homozygous for each locus in only one generation. The haploid microspore is stressed to trigger the embryogenesis pathway and the resulting haploid embryo either doubles its genome spontaneously or with the help of chromosome doubling agents. Without this double haploid technology, conventional breeding methods would take several generations of selection to produce a homozygous line.
See also
Microsporangium
Spore
Megaspore
References
Plant reproduction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microspore |
Sundridge and Ide Hill is a civil parish in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. It is located in the Darenth valley and lies between Sevenoaks and Westerham. The parish contains the villages of Sundridge and Ide Hill and the hamlet of Goathurst Common. It lies within the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty and within London’s Metropolitan Green Belt. It is approximately 21 miles south of London.
The parish was created in 1973, when the settlements of Sundridge and Ide Hill were merged into a parish. Between the two villages is Emmetts Garden, a National Trust property.
According to the 2011 census, the total population of the parish was 1,877. Of that total, there were 917 males and 960 females living in the parish.
History
The history of the parish dates back over 1000 years to some of the earliest recorded times in the UK. Sundridge Church was known to have existed in 862, "probably as a wooden structure, and later was recorded in the Domesday Book". The parish is quoted in the Domesday Book (1086) as having "27 villagers with 9 smallholders and 8 slaves". It was also under the lordship of the Archbishop of Canterbury during this time period, due to its location in Kent. Among the many historic buildings located in the parish lies Old Hall on Main Road, which dates all the way back to “1458, is thought to be the oldest original building” in the parish.
In the 19th century, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described the parish as:Sundridge, "a village and a parish in Sevenoaks district, Kent. The village stands 3¼ miles WSW of Sevenoaks r. station; has a post-office under Sevenoaks; and gives the title of Baron to the Duke of Argyle".The name Ide Hill first appears on record in 1250 as Edythehelle. It is an eponymic denoting 'Edith's hill', from the Old English hyll 'hill'.
Demographics
Population
The population of the parish has seen large changes since monitoring of the population began back in 1801. In 1801, they were 373 males and 342 females living in the parish. The population steadily grew over the 19th and 20th century, peaking in 1960 with a total population of 2,248 living in the parish, split between 1,035 males and 1,213 females. Since the 1960s, the total population has begun to gradually decline and the latest population figures from the 2011 census show that the parish has a population of 1,877, a 16% decrease from the peak population in 1960.
Occupations
In 1881, the occupational structure for males in the parish was dominated by the Agricultural sector which was similar to many parishes across the country during this time period. Just under half of the 441 working men in the parish worked in the agriculture sector with a total of 183 in the sector which was no doubt the dominant industry at the time. The 2nd largest male occupation was those that worked in the General or Unspecified Commodities industry which was also closely linked to the Agriculture sector which suggests that the Agriculture industry was indirectly linked to over half of Male Occupations in 1881. The female occupational structure was of a stark contrast to the males in 1881. Women in the UK in the 19th century were prevented and/or looked down upon from working in certain occupations such as agriculture, mining and substance services. This was because the societal view in the 19th century was that a "woman's place was in the home" and it was their duty to look after their children and care for their husband. Of the entire 403 working women, 226 women were listed as having unknown occupations which suggests they were either unemployed or only undertook smaller, unlisted jobs. Domestic Services or Offices was the largest listed female industry in the parish and 103 women worked in this industry.The 2011 occupational structure in the parish between women and men is much more similar than that of the 1881 occupational structure. The total working men in the parish increased to 528 from the 441 in 1881, a slight increase obviously due to the population rise over the past two centuries. The agriculture industry which dominated the male occupational structure has completely diminished and no one in the parish, male or female works in the industry. The dominant industry for the males in the parish was those working in the skilled trades industry with 112 men working in the sector. Closely followed was those working in professional occupations with 101 men and those serving as managers, directors and senior officials in which 97 men were involved in this type of work. The total number of female workers in the parish also increased from 403 to 459 from 1881 to 2011. The occupational structure for females in the parish saw drastic change from that of the 1881 structure. Women are now able to pursue the same careers as men so the occupational structure is very much similar to the male one. The top female occupation was those in professional occupations, 94 women worked in this industry which is similar to their male counterparts. The 2nd most employed industry was the 90 women working in the administrative and secretarial positions. The proximity to London suggests why the parish has a significantly higher than average percentage of managers and directors living in the parish.
Church Of St Mary's
In the parish along Church Road lies the Church of St Mary’s which was constructed in 1865 by an architect whose listed name is Cooke. The name of the church, as common for Christian churches in the United Kingdom, is dedicated to Saint Mary the Virgin. The church has a total seating capacity of 160. It is a Grade I listed building due to its "excellent late medieval roofs; very good medieval lychgate". This listing makes it only one of the three Grade I listed buildings in the parish.
Transport
The M25 otherwise known as the London Orbital Motorway passes through the parish which gives residents direct access into Central and Greater London by car.
The nearest train station to the parish is Sevenoaks railway station which is around 4.7 miles east in the town of Sevenoaks. The station runs on the South Eastern Main Line, which also provides easy access to London.
Emmetts Garden
Emmetts Garden is an Edwardian estate located in the parish. The estate "covers an area of about 4 acres at the highest point in Kent on the 600-foot sandstone ridge". On the estate there is a collection of exotic shrubs, a rose garden, a rock garden and an Arboretum. It is owned and run by the National Trust because it is considered a place of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty. “The estate was created between 1890-1927 by an Edwardian gentleman named Frederick Lubbock as a weekend retreat for his family”. The estate was privately owned until 1965 when it opened to the public and came under control of the National Trust. In 1987, the estate and the surrounding area was badly damaged by the Great Storm of 1987 in particular the Arboretum. It was estimated that the Estate lost “95% of its mature trees” because of the storm.
References
External links
Parish Council website
Ide Hill Local Information
Civil parishes in Kent
Sevenoaks District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundridge%20with%20Ide%20Hill |
Wharton Field House is a historic arena located at 1800 20th Avenue in Moline, Illinois. It opened in 1928 and was home to the NBA's Tri-Cities Blackhawks, today's Atlanta Hawks, from 1946 to 1951. It has hosted professional teams, high school teams, concerts, and other events in its history. The approximately 7,000 seat Field House is adjacent to Browning Field, which has served as a baseball, football and track venue. Today, both Wharton Field House and Browing Field continue to serve as the home for Moline High School athletic teams. In 2004, USA Today named Wharton Field House one of the top places to watch high school basketball.
Venue history
The building is named for Theodore Finley Wharton. In the 1920s, Wharton was President of the Moline High School Athletic Booster Club and organized a group, the Maroon and White Association, to raise funds for construction of a field house. The field house would be adjacent to Browning Field (opened 1912) and host Moline Maroon teams. The Maroon and White Association eventually raised the necessary total of $175,000, aided by the sale of 620 $50 bonds, 100 $100 bonds and numerous bonds of higher value. The building was designed by local architect William Schulzke and completed in 1928. Originally named Moline Field House, it was renamed after Wharton in 1941.
The facility opened with a basketball game between Moline High School and Kewanee High School on December 21, 1928.
The facility received a new floor surface in 2015. The original floor had remained in place from 1928 until 1997, when it was first replaced. 7000 square feet of flooring was installed with mechanical ventilation.
National Basketball Association
Wharton Field House was an early home to the team that is today's Atlanta Hawks, as well as a coaching stop of legendary coach Red Auerbach. Wharton Field House was home to the National Basketball League's Tri-Cities Blackhawks from 1946 until 1951. Under owners Leo Ferris and Ben Kerner, the franchise started in 1946 as the Buffalo Bisons, before relocating mid-season to the Tri-Cities (now called Quad Cities) area after only 13 total games. The NBL merged with the Basketball Association of America to form the NBA in 1949. Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame player William Pop Gates was on the 1946–47 Blackhawks, helping to integrate the league. Gates would become the first African-American coach in a major league in 1948. Don Otten was league MVP for the Blackkhawks in 1947–48. In 1950, Kerner drafted Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame player Bob Cousy in the 1st round (#4). Cousy was reportedly unhappy to go to a small market and demanded $10,000 to sign with the Blackhawks. Kerner countered with $6,000 and then sold Cousy to the Chicago Stags, which folded soon afterwards, ultimately resulting in Cousy being signed by the Boston Celtics. Cousy would play in 13 consecutive All-Star games, win MVP honors in 1957 and play point guard on six championship Celtic teams. After a 24-44 season in 1950–51, Kerner relocated the franchise to a larger market and the team became the Milwaukee Hawks. Two-time NBA All-Star Frankie Brian was the leading scorer on the 1950–51 Hawks during their last season in Moline. Eventually Kerner moved the Milwaukee Hawks to St. Louis in 1955. The Hawks would eventually settle in Atlanta in 1968 when Kerner sold the franchise.
Local Moline High School basketball coach Roger Potter coached the Blackhawks briefly before being replaced by Red Auerbach. Auerbach was hired by Ben Kerner as head coach for the Blackhawks in 1949, but quit when he discovered that Kerner had traded a player without consulting him. Auerbach became Coach of the Boston Celtics in 1951–52. In Boston, Auerbach coached the Celtics to nine NBA titles, won 938 games and coached numerous Hall of Fame players. Auerbach later served as Boston's general manager, (drafting Larry Bird, Kevin McHale and others) building seven more NBA championship teams. Auerbach's 28-29 record with the Blackhawks was the only losing season and non-playoff season of his 20-year coaching career.
Continental Basketball Association
Wharton would serve as home to another professional basketball team, as the Quad City Thunder of the CBA played at Wharton Field House from 1987 until 1993. In 1993 the Thunder moved to the new MARK of the Quad Cities (now known as the TaxSlayer Center) in downtown Moline. Various future and past NBA players had tenure with the Thunder at Wharton, including Hall of Fame player George Gervin. and Illini great Kenny Battle. Local players Brent Carmichael (United Township), Tony Karasek (United Township), Troy Muilenberg (Davenport West), and Blake Wortham (Rock Island) all played for the Thunder during the Wharton era.
Wharton Field House is the current and longtime home of the Moline Maroons basketball and volleyball teams. Moline High School is a member of the Western Big 6 Conference. The Moline High School graduation ceremony is held at Wharton Field House.
Cultural influence
Wharton Field House and Browning Field were the subject of a 2013 book A Century of Players, Performers, and Pageants: Wharton Field House and Browning Field, Moline, Illinois, by Curtis C. Roseman and Diann Moore.
Historic events
Many performers and events have been hosted in Wharton Field House in its existence. Some of note are:
Entertainers: Gene Autry, Chuck Berry (1972), Jack Benny, Blue Öyster Cult (1972), Victor Borge, The Byrds (1969), Johnny Cash, Patsy Cline, Bill Haley and the Comets, The Kingston Trio, Martin and Lewis, and the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra.
Political Events: 1948, Swedish Prince Bertil. 1964, Barry Goldwater. 1968, George Wallace. 2014, Michelle Obama.
1959 Miss Illinois Pageant.
Fighting: World Wrestling Federation (WWF), American Wrestling Association (AWA), and other professional wrestling events were held regularly from the late 1940s to the early 1990s. 1950, Wrestler Gorgeous George. Boxers: 1931, Max Schmeling and Jack Dempsey. 1950, Joe Louis. 1991, Hulk Hogan and Ric Flair
References
American Basketball Association (2000–present) venues
Basketball venues in Illinois
Buildings and structures in Moline, Illinois
Former National Basketball Association venues
National Basketball League (United States) venues
Tri-Cities Blackhawks
Sports venues in the Quad Cities
Sports venues completed in 1928
1928 establishments in Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wharton%20Field%20House |
The Hvalfjörður Tunnel ( ) is a road tunnel under the Hvalfjörður fjord in Iceland and a part of Route 1. It is long and reaches a depth of below sea level. Opened on 11 July 1998, it shortens the distance from Reykjavík to the western and northern parts of the island by . Passing the fjord now takes 7 minutes instead of about an hour.
The tunnel was constructed by the company Spölur, while the Verkís company handled almost all of the design. Spölur was also the owner and operator of the tunnel until 2018, when ownership and administration of the tunnel were transferred as planned to the Icelandic Road Administration (Vegagerðin). This project was a milestone in Icelandic construction as it was the first private finance initiative without direct funding by the state treasury.
Construction
The construction of the tunnel was started in 1996, and completed in 1998 at a cost of about ISK 5,000 million (USD 70 million). The tunnel was designed for annual average daily traffic of 5,000 vehicles.
While the sub-sea tunnel deepest point is below sea level, the deepest sea depth is , and the minimum rock coverage is .
Tolls
The tunnel is toll free as of 28 September 2018, the date when the tunnel was turned over from the private operator Spölur to the Icelandic Road Administration (Vegagerðin). Previously, the toll for vehicles less than in length was ISK 1,000 (USD 9.80). Motorcycles and larger vehicles paid different tolls. Pedestrians and cyclists are not permitted. The money went to pay for the construction of the tunnel by Spölur.
The original plan assumed it would take 20 years (until 2018) to pay back the cost of building the tunnel, but the traffic volume has proved to be significantly higher than originally projected. The volume of traffic is so high that the operator of the tunnel has suggested building a new tunnel alongside the current one because traffic is reaching the threshold mandated by a European regulation (8,000 vehicles daily) over which traffic in opposing directions should be separated.
Safety issues
The Hvalfjörður Tunnel received a bad rating in the 2010 European tunnel test, which is carried out annually by the German automobile club ADAC.
Different aspects were criticized and are also mentioned in the EuroTAP test (see external links), especially the weak lighting, absence of an automatic fire alarm system, too weak ventilation in case of a fire and distance to the next fire station (). There are alcoves every to facilitate turning around, and the storage capacity for water leakage is .
Between 2007 and 2013, several improvements to the tunnel's security were made, according to the newspaper Morgunblaðið resulting in a doubling of the tunnel's security level. The improvements included better lighting, setting up a monitoring system, new emergency lights and more fire extinguishers.
Images
See also
List of tunnels in Iceland
References
External links
2010 test results of Hvalfjörður Tunnel by EuroTAP (European Tunnel Assessment Programme)
Hvalfjörður Tunnel Transportation and Planning by Verkís
Road tunnels in Iceland
Undersea tunnels in Europe
Tunnels completed in 1998
1998 establishments in Iceland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvalfj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur%20Tunnel |
Alfonso Parcutt Steele (April 9, 1817 – July 8, 1911) was one of the last remaining survivors of the Battle of San Jacinto during the Texas Revolution, and second-to-last survivor of Sam Houston's Army.
Life
Alphonso (Often spelled "Alfonso" in Republic of Texas records) Steele was born in 1817 to Stephen Parcutt Steele and Susannah McCarty Steele, a pioneer family in Hardin County, Kentucky. His grandfather, Thomas Steele, a native of Dublin, Ireland, had served on the schooner "General Putnam" in defense of New York during the Revolutionary War and had settled in Kentucky with his family in 1798. At seventeen, Steele traveled to Lake Providence Louisiana, where he joined Captain Ephraim Daggett's volunteers bound for Texas in 1835. Upon arriving New Year's Day 1836 at Washington-on-Brazos, he found that Texas had not yet declared independence from Mexico. He worked at a local hotel and gristmill across from what would later be named "Independence Hall" and served the signers of the Texas Declaration of Independence. After independence was declared, he then joined a company that marched toward the Alamo, which was under siege, to aid in defense of the Alamo, Colonel William B. Travis, and its defenders. While crossing the Colorado River and receiving word that the Alamo had fallen, Steele and the group then joined Houston's army.
Military
Steele served as private in Sidney Sherman's regiment at the Battle of San Jacinto (April 21, 1836). He was severely wounded shot through the lung during one of the first volleys of the battle, but continued in the fight until its conclusion and accepted no surrenders. Houston rode Steele's gray horse through much of the battle; it was one of the horses that was shot out from under Houston.
Following the battle's conclusion, he was carried by row boat across Buffalo Bayou to the home of Republic of Texas Vice-President Lorenzo de Zavala in order to have his wounds treated and was then transported by boat to Perkins Island, which had a one-room hospital, where he recuperated for many weeks.
Discharged, Steele made his way to Montgomery County, where he farmed and raised cattle.
Family
September 28, 1838, he married Mary Ann Powell. Mary Ann Powell and her family came to Texas by covered wagon with their cousins, the Berryman and the Parker families. The Parker family established Fort Parker near Mexia, TX, where in 1836 several family members were massacred or kidnapped by a band of Comanche, including Cynthia Ann Parker. Alphonso and Mary Ann Powell later moved to a part of Robertson County that became part of Limestone County. They had several children, one of which being Hampton Steele, who wrote a sketch of the early history of Limestone County, where he lived. Hampton and his brother, Alvarado "Rado" Steele, who served Texas during the Civil War, were the only survivors of the first families that are now in the county. Steele's second son, Alonzo, served Texas as an army officer during the American Civil War and following the war's conclusion served as Commander for Life of the Trans-Mississippi United Confederate Veterans. Alonzo Steele inherited the league of land that was paid to Alphonso Steele for his services provided during the revolution. The land is still owned by several direct descendants living in North Texas. The descendants of Alphonso P. and Mary Ann Powell Steele continue to meet annually the first Saturday in October and the last Saturday in April at the Confederate Reunion Grounds State Historic Site, in Mexia, TX.
Community Service and Death
Steele was a Mason and served in the San Jacinto Veterans Association. He was honored in 1909 by the Thirty-First Texas Legislature as being one of the last two living survivors of the Battle of San Jacinto and was invited to speak on the floor of the Texas Senate. Two years later, on July 8, 1911, he died aged 94. He is buried in the Mexia City Cemetery in Mexia. Upon his death, William Physick Zuber became the last survivor of the Battle of San Jacinto. Zuber died on September 22, 1913, and is buried in the State Cemetery in Austin.
A life-sized portrait of Steele hangs in front of the Senate chamber, to the right of the dais, at the Texas State Capitol in Austin. There was a roadside park dedicated in his honor in Limestone County. The park in question is no longer maintained by the state. The Texas Highway Department (now the Texas Department of Transportation) sold that property. The deed transfer was recorded March 6, 1964.
References
External links
Alfonso Steele at Find A Grave
James R. Curry, "STEELE, ALFONSO," Handbook of Texas Online, accessed January 30, 2011.
1817 births
1911 deaths
People from Hardin County, Kentucky
People of the Texas Revolution
American people of Irish descent
People from Mexia, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20Steele |
Horace Mann Towner (October 23, 1855 – November 23, 1937) was an American politician who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa's 8th congressional district and appointed the governor of Puerto Rico. In an era in which the federal government's role in health and education was small, he was an early leader of efforts to expand that role.
Early life and education
Towner was born in Belvidere, Illinois, the son of John and Keziah Towner. He was educated in the public schools at Belvidere, at the University of Chicago, and at the Union College of Law (now the Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law).
Career
Towner was admitted to the bar in 1877, and initially practiced law in Prescott, Iowa, in Adams County. In 1880, he was elected county superintendent of schools at Corning, Iowa, in which capacity he served until 1884. He resumed the practice of law in Corning. In 1887 he married Harriet Elizabeth Cole, at Corning. They had three children, Leta, Horace, and Constance.
In 1890, he was elected as a judge of the third judicial district of Iowa. He also served as a lecturer on constitutional law at the University of Iowa from 1902 to 1911.
He was also a pianist and a composer, who set to music "Iowa, Beautiful Land", once Iowa's official song.
U.S. Congress
In 1910 Towner ran successfully as a Republican to succeed retiring Democrat William Darius Jamieson representing Iowa's 8th congressional district in the U.S. House. He was re-elected five times. From 1919 to 1923, he was served as the House Republican Conference Chairman.
He was the co-author (with Texas Senator Morris Sheppard) of the first federal law to offer matching federal funds for social welfare or to offer grants-in-aid to states for health purposes. That law, known as the Sheppard-Towner Act or the Maternity and Infant Act, was designed to lower the United States' relatively high rates of infant mortality, and established maternal and child health services in each state. First offered in 1919, it passed in 1921. Although the program it created was chronically underfunded after passage and was allowed to expire in 1929, it paved the way for many similar state-federal social welfare programs in the New Deal era and thereafter.
Towner was also the co-sponsor of the Towner-Sterling bill, which would have created a cabinet-level department of education. It failed to pass during his tenure in the House, and over fifty years would pass before its objective would be fully realized.
Governor of Puerto Rico
During his congressional tenure, Towner served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Insular Affairs, a committee with oversight responsibility over protectorates and territories. In early-1923, President Warren G. Harding appointed Towner Governor of Puerto Rico, a post he held until September 29, 1929. His tenure was characterized by the construction several public works projects, such as the system of aqueducts in various sectors, the irrigation system in Isabela, the School of Tropical Medicine building in Puerta de Tierra, and the penitentiary. He also implemented a retirement law for public employees and a new tax law.
Personal life
Towner resumed the practice of law in Corning until his death on November 23, 1937. He was interred in Walnut Grove Cemetery.
He is the namesake of Horace Mann Towner Primary Schools in Comerío, Puerto Rico and Cataño, Puerto Rico
References
1855 births
1937 deaths
People from Belvidere, Illinois
Governors of Puerto Rico
University of Chicago alumni
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law alumni
University of Iowa faculty
Iowa lawyers
Iowa state court judges
Musicians from Iowa
Republican Party (Puerto Rico) politicians
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa
People from Corning, Iowa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace%20M.%20Towner |
The title of Lord Balmerino (or Balmerinoch) was a title in the Peerage of Scotland; it was created in 1606 and forfeited in 1746 on the attainder and execution of the 6th Lord Balmerino in the Tower of London.
The title of Lord Coupar or Cupar was a title in the Peerage of Scotland; it was created on 20 December 1607 for James Elphinstone, second son of the 1st Lord Balmerino. The 3rd Lord Balmerino succeeded his uncle in the lordship of Coupar in 1669. From his succession to the lordship of Coupar in 1669 to the attainder and forfeiture in 1746, both lordships were merged.
Lords Balmerino (1606)
Sir James Elphinstone, 1st Lord Balmerino (d. 21 June 1612)
John Elphinstone, 2nd Lord Balmerino (d. 28 February 1649)
John Elphinstone, 3rd Lord Balmerino (18 February 1632 – 10 June 1704)
John Elphinstone, 4th Lord Balmerino (26 December 1652 – 13 May 1736)
James Elphinstone, 5th Lord Balmerino (24 November 1675 – 5 January 1746)
Arthur Elphinstone, 6th Lord Balmerino (1688 – 18 August 1746) (forfeit 1746)
Lords Coupar (1607)
James Elphinstone, 1st Lord Coupar (c. 1590–1669)
John Elphinstone, 3rd Lord Balmerino, 2nd Lord Coupar (see above, also for further lords)
References
1606 establishments in Scotland
Forfeited lordships of Parliament
Noble titles created in 1606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%20Balmerino |
Croxton is a village and civil parish about west of Cambridge in South Cambridgeshire, England. In 2001, the resident population was 163 people, falling slightly to 160 at the 2011 Census. Croxton Park is to the south of the current village and contains a large house and parkland.
History
The name of the village was spelled Crochestone in the 1086 Domesday book. 'Croxton' is derived from 'farmstead in a nook, or of a man called Krókr', or the Old English 'croh-tun' meaning saffron farm, and may have been part of a late Scandinavian settlement, along with Caxton and Toft.
It is likely that the settlement grew up on two sites: around the old manor house of Westbury, at the south end of the village, and around the old manor house of Croxton. It seems that a street to the east of the church formed the main village . By 1811 it had already reduced in size, and after enclosure in 1818, the rectory was demolished and an ornamental lake created on its site. By 1826, all the houses had gone and only Croxton Park mansion remained.
At Westbury, the green at the north end of the village street was enclosed and a large house, The Downs, and a farm were built on it. At the south end of the street is a late medieval timber-framed house called Croxton Manor but it was probably the original Westbury manor house. Westbury Farm was probably an earlier site for the manor house - the farmhouse has several medieval parts and remains of a moat.
In 1801, 171 people lived in Croxton parish; in 1821, 225 people. The population grew, though it declined between 1841 and 1851, when the mansion was unoccupied and there was emigration overseas from the area. Croxton's population peaked at 308 in 1871; in 1961 it was 155.
Governance
The parish is represented on the South Cambridgeshire District Council by three councillors for the Bourn ward and on Cambridgeshire County Council by one councillor for the Papworth and Swavesey electoral division. It is represented at the House of Commons as part of the South Cambridgeshire constituency.
Geography
Croxton parish covers an area of 7.72 km2 and lies alongside the A428 road between Bedford and Cambridge, the main village street being at right-angles to the major road. It is west of the county town of Cambridge and north of London. The nearest town is St Neots, west; minor roads run north to Toseland and south towards Abbotsley. The village sits to the North of Croxton Park, a Grade II* listed landscaped parkland with woodland and a lake.
The soil in the parish is clay with a gault subsoil. The parish ranges from 29 to 64 metres above sea level.
Demography
At the time of the 2001 census, the population of Croxton parish was 163 people. All residents were white, 76.4% described themselves as Christian, three followed another religion and 21.8% either had no religion or did not state one. In 1921, the population was 234.
Landmarks
A war memorial, commemorating Croxton men who died in the First and Second World Wars, was erected in 1920 in the churchyard. A total of 13 structures in the parish are listed, including a milestone by the A428, a cross in the churchyard, a 19th-century village pump and several cottages.
Within Croxton Park is a large Grade II* listed Country House, also called Croxton Park. It was the historic seat of the Leeds family. The current red brick, three-storey house was constructed around 1760–1 by Edward Leeds and probably incorporated part of the previous Tudor building. Sir (George) Douglas Cochrane Newton, Member of Parliament for Cambridge (and later 1st Baron Eltisley) was lord of the manor and principal landowner in 1929.
Religious sites
A church at Croxton was first mentioned around 1217 and parts of today's church date from the 13th century. It is dedicated to St. James and situated south of Croxton Park, close to the manor house. It was built mainly of fieldstones in the Perpendicular style; the tower has a clock and six bells. The church is a Grade II* listed building. There are some pictures and a description of the church at the Cambridgeshire Churches website.
See also
List of places in Cambridgeshire
Croxton Play of the Sacrament
References
Cambridgeshire Churches
External links
Croxton Village Information
Villages in Cambridgeshire
Civil parishes in Cambridgeshire
South Cambridgeshire District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croxton%2C%20Cambridgeshire |
Morrin is a village in central Alberta, Canada. It is located 26 km north of the Town of Drumheller, along Highway 27 and the Railink Central Western railway.
The Morrin Bridge Provincial recreation area is located 10 km west of the village, in the Red Deer River valley, and Dry Island Buffalo Jump Provincial Park is located 40 km north.
Morrin was originally named "Blooming Prairie" but was renamed Morrin in honour of the engineer of the first train to the village.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Morrin had a population of 205 living in 113 of its 131 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 240. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Morrin recorded a population of 240 living in 110 of its 132 total private dwellings, a change from its 2011 population of 245. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of villages in Alberta
References
External links
1920 establishments in Alberta
Villages in Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrin%2C%20Alberta |
People's Army/Armed Forces is/was the title of the armed forces or army of several countries:
Albanian People's Army
Algerian People's National Armed Forces
Bulgarian People's Army
Czechoslovak People's Army
Hungarian People's Army
Korean People's Army, North Korea
Lao People's Armed Forces
Mongolian People's Army
National People's Army of East Germany
People's Army of Catalonia
People's Army of Poland
People's Army of the Republic of Spain
People's Army of Vietnam
People's Liberation Army of China
Romanian People's Army
South Sudan People's Defence Forces
Ukrainian People's Army
Yugoslav People's Army
It is or was also the title used by various militias and rebel groups:
Catalan People's Army – A Catalan nationalist paramilitary group during the 1970s.
People's Army Against the Japanese – A socialist guerilla movement that fought against the Empire of Japan during World War II.
New People's Army – a Maoist insurgent group in the Philippines.
People's Army of Burma – armed wing of the Communist Party of Burma
People's Army of Komuch – officially the People's Army of the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly (Russian: Народная армия КОМУЧа) - an anti-Bolshevik army during the Russian Civil War, which fought at June–September 1918 in Volga Region.
People's Army for the Restoration of Democracy (CAR) – a rebel group operating in the northwest Central African Republic
People's Army for the Restoration of the Republic and Democracy – another rebel group operating in the northwest Central African Republic
People's Volunteer Army – an armed force deployed by the People's Republic of China during the Korean War.
Uganda People's Army – a rebel group that opposed the government of Yoweri Museveni.
Volkssturm (People's Storm) – the German national militia of the last months of World War II.
The People's Army Model refers to a school of thought concerning the role of the Israel Defense Forces in Israeli society.
See also
People's Liberation Army (disambiguation)
People's Revolutionary Army (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s%20Army |
Denver Auditorium Arena was an indoor arena located at the corner of 13th and Champa Streets in Denver, Colorado. It was constructed as the Denver Municipal Auditorium in 1908 during the administration of Mayor Robert W. Speer. The building was opened on July 7, 1908, and was the site of the 1908 Democratic National Convention.
With a capacity of 12,500, the building was at the time of its opening the second largest in America to Madison Square Garden. Initially, the venue was configured and equipped to hold numerous kinds of events including theater, opera, conventions, sporting events, exhibitions, concerts, and more. Renovations were made to the building in the 1940s, and in 1953 the southern half of the building was converted into the Auditorium Arena, a pure sporting venue with seating capacity of 6,841.
Tenants
It hosted the ABA's Denver Rockets, later the Denver Nuggets, from 1967 until they left for McNichols Sports Arena in 1975. The Auditorium Arena was an annual host of the Colorado high school state basketball tournament, primarily for the smaller-enrollment classifications.
The Auditorium Arena was home to the Denver Comets of the professional International Volleyball Association from 1977–1979, and home to the Denver Racquets of World Team Tennis in 1974, when they won the league championship before moving to Phoenix for the 1975 season.
From 1937 to 1967, it hosted the finals of the AAU basketball championship.
On December 26, 1968, the rock group Led Zeppelin played their first concert in the United States at the Auditorium Arena.
In the last several years of its existence, the building was a popular venue for professional wrestling, hosting both AWA and WWF events.
In 1990, the Arena portion of the building (built in 1953) was demolished to make room for the Temple Buell Theatre, and in 2005, the Auditorium portion of the building (built in 1907-08) was remodeled into the Ellie Caulkins Opera House.
References
American Basketball Association venues
Basketball venues in Colorado
Sports venues in Denver
Denver Nuggets (1948–1950)
Denver Rockets
Former music venues in the United States
Defunct indoor arenas in the United States
Former National Basketball Association venues
Demolished sports venues in Colorado
Event venues established in 1908
Sports venues completed in 1908
Sports venues demolished in 1990
National Basketball League (United States) venues
1908 establishments in Colorado
1990 disestablishments in Colorado
Denver Nuggets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver%20Auditorium%20Arena |
Jack the Lad were a British folk rock group from North East England formed in 1973 by three former members of the most successful band of the period from the region, Lindisfarne. They moved from the progressive folk rock of Lindisfarne into much more traditional territory and were in the mid-1970s something of a northern counterpart to bands like Fairport Convention. They have also been seen as part of an important roots movement, rediscovering traditional Northumbrian music.
History
Origins
After two highly successful albums, Lindisfarne's third album Dingly Dell (1972) was a commercial and critical failure and the band split with main songwriter Alan Hull going off to perform solo projects and eventually reforming Lindisfarne with a new line-up later that year. The remaining members: Rod Clements (bass, violin, guitar, vocals), Simon Cowe (guitar, mandolin, banjo, vocals), and Ray Laidlaw (drums) formed Jack the Lad with future Lindisfarne member Billy Mitchell (guitar, banjo, vocals).
They had originally thought of calling themselves the Corvettes, but decided it would make them sound too much like a rock 'n' roll revival outfit, and instead took their name from a phrase that Status Quo had used when they and Lindisfarne were touring Australia together earlier that year. The phrase "Jack the Lad" is British slang for a "flashy, cocksure young man". The phrase may have its origins in a traditional British song called "Jack's the Lad", but the first recorded use of 'Jack the Lad' was in the 1969 film Performance.
It's Jack the Lad 1973–74
While Lindisfarne without them had become a harder rocking outfit, Jack the Lad retained much of the folksy spirit, warmth and good humour of the original group. Though his talents had previously been overshadowed by the more prolific songsmith Alan Hull, Clements, who had penned Lindisfarne's first hit single 'Meet me on the Corner', contributed three tracks, which in the view of some fans and critics was the equal of anything Lindisfarne produced at around the same time. Simon Cowe contributed two tracks while Billy Mitchell wrote or co-wrote five tracks. The remaining five titles were those featured in the traditional instrumental medley collectively named "A Corny Pastiche".
Lindisfarne's record label, Charisma Records, decided to keep the band under contract and the first line-up of Jack the Lad recorded one album for them, It's Jack the Lad which was released in 1974, and two singles, 'One More Dance' (1973), and 'Why Can't I Be Satisfied' (1974). (This album was released in the US by Elektra Records, which had been Lindisfarne's American label.) Neither charted, though they received positive reviews for their records and live performances which began to gain a reputation for outlandish entertainment. The traditional roots of the band were evident in an 8-minute medley of jigs, reels and polkas on their first album, which staked a claim to their being in part a Geordie answer to Fairport Convention and a guest appearance on 'Song Without a Band' for Steeleye Span's Maddy Prior. The band toured with Ralph McTell, who was then at the height of his post 'Streets of London' fame.
Northern folk rock, 1974–75
Clements left in late 1974 and was replaced by two former members of northern folk rock band Hedgehog Pie, Ian 'Walter' Fairbairn (guitar, mandolin, violin, banjo, vocals) and Phil Murray (bass, vocals), which inevitably, together with the loss of a main songwriter, gave the band a much more traditional focus. This may have helped them gain greater acceptance in the folk world, and they headlined the Cambridge folk festival in 1974. On the second album The Old Straight Track (1974), five of the eleven tracks were traditional songs, three of the rest were written by Cowe with Mitchell only contributing one this time. The album was very well received and was voted Folk Album of the Year by Melody Maker.
The third album Rough Diamonds, which also featured musical and artistic contributions from Lindisfarne's Ray Jackson, and the single 'Gentleman Soldier' (both 1975), were both produced by Fairport Convention stalwart Simon Nicol. The latter, which featured John Kirkpatrick on button accordion, was a new arrangement of a traditional song which borrowed the vocal four-part harmony break from 'Twist And Shout' for the introduction, and featured a Scottish accordion reel back to back with a mock-heavy rock guitar solo. Presenter John Peel placed it at No.3 in his favourite singles of the year, calling it 'one of the most joyous records I've heard in my life'. but like all previous attempts it failed to chart.. Songwriting was split with Cowe and Mitchell contributing four songs each with the remaining three being traditional songs.
Disbandment and reformation
With no great commercial success forthcoming the band were dropped by Charisma and moved to United Artists. Cowe left shortly before the group recorded their final album, 'Jackpot', (1976). The need for success pushed this closer to pop and rock territory than its predecessors, with only two traditional tracks. With Cowe having left, Mitchell assumed the main songwriting duties contributing six tracks, the remaining two being cover versions, It featured Andy Bown on keyboards, and a brass section on some tracks. Despite the return to a more commercial sound chart success still eluded them. The 'Jackpot' UK tour in Sep/Oct '76, bizarrely coupled with the NZ punk/goth orientated Split Enz did neither act any favours.
Laidlaw left to join Radiator and the group disbanded soon afterward. Lindisfarne had split in early 1975, but Clements, Cowe and Laidlaw continued to join founder members Alan Hull and Ray Jackson to play Christmas concerts in their native Newcastle upon Tyne each year, and the response was so positive in 1977 that the original five reformed the following year and continued to record and perform until 2003. As a result of the continued interest, Jack the Lad's albums were eventually released as CDs. Following this in 1993 Jack The Lad re-formed in as both the original band running side-by-side with their Lindisfarne commitments, and as a festival act which included Mitchell, Fairburn and Murray.
Significance
Jack the Lad were one example of the music scene that flourished in the North-east of England in the late 1960s and early 1970s producing acts such as Animals, Lindisfarne and Hedgehog Pie. The shift from progressive folk rock into more traditional folk rock territory partly reflected the popularity of the genre at the time but also has been seen as part of a process of rediscovering regional musical roots that has continued with figures such as Kathryn Tickell and Nancy Kerr.
Band members
Rod Clements – bass, violin, guitar, vocals
Simon Cowe – guitar, mandolin, banjo, vocals
Ray Laidlaw – drums
Billy Mitchell – guitar, banjo, vocals
Phil Murray – bass, vocals
Ian 'Walter' Fairbairn – guitar, mandolin, violin, banjo, vocals
Discography
Singles
'One More Dance' / 'Draught Genius (Polka)' (1973)
'Why Can't I be Satisfied' / 'Make me Happy' (1973)
'Home Sweet Home' / 'Big Ocean Liner' (1975)
'Gentleman Soldier' / 'Oakey Strike Evictions' (1975)
'My Friend the Drink' / 'Rocking Chair' (1975)
'Eight Ton Crazy' / 'Walters Drop' (1976)
'Trinidad' / 'Let It Be Me' (1976)
Albums
It's Jack the Lad (Charisma, 1974)
The Old Straight Track (Charisma, 1974)
Rough Diamonds (Charisma, 1975)
Jackpot (United Artists, 1976)
DVD
On the Road Again (1993)
Notes
External links
Jack the Lad website
Billy Mitchell
British folk rock groups
Musical groups established in 1973
Charisma Records artists
Elektra Records artists
United Artists Records artists
Musical groups from North East England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20the%20Lad |
Ventriculitis is the inflammation of the ventricles in the brain. The ventricles are responsible for containing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid throughout the brain. Ventriculitis is caused by infection of the ventricles, leading to swelling and inflammation. This is especially prevalent in patients with external ventricular drains and intraventricular stents. Ventriculitis can cause a wide variety of short-term symptoms and long-term side effects ranging from headaches and dizziness to unconsciousness and death if not treated early. It is treated with some appropriate combination of antibiotics in order to rid the patient of the underlying infection. Much of the current research involving ventriculitis focuses specifically around defining the disease and what causes it. This will allow for much more advancement in the subject. There is also a lot of attention being paid to possible treatments and prevention methods to help make this disease even less prevalent and dangerous.
Signs and symptoms
There is great deal of variety in the symptoms associated with ventriculitis. The symptoms vary based on a number of different factors including severity of inflammation, underlying cause, and the individual patient.
Patients often present with headaches, painful cranial pressure, and neck pain early in the progression of the disease. Patients with a more advanced infection have been known to complain of many neurological effects such as dizziness, vertigo, confusion, and slurred speech. Very advanced cases can lead to mental instability, nausea, vomiting, rigors, and temporary loss of consciousness. Many patients with ventriculitis also experience some degree of hydrocephalus, which is the buildup of cerebrospinal fluid due to the inability of the ventricles to reabsorb and correctly circulate the fluid. Brain abscess is another common disorder resulting from the inflammation. If left untreated, ventriculitis can lead to serious inhibition of mental function and even death.
The symptoms vary greatly, in part, because of the underlying or causing infection. While the inflammation can cause a number of effects such as those mentioned previously, the base infection could cause other symptoms that don't necessarily have to do with the ventriculitis, itself. One of the challenges doctors face in diagnosing ventriculitis is distinguishing indicative symptoms, in spite of the wide variety of possible presentations of the disease. A great deal of emphasis is being put on research into better and faster ways to diagnose ventriculitis without the delay inherent with microbiological testing of the cerebrospinal fluid.
The progression of the disease is also largely dependent on the nature of the specific case. Depending on the underlying infection, the way it entered the brain, and the type and timing of treatment, the infection may spread or withdraw on the order of months or days. Ventriculitis is a very serious condition and should be treated early to ensure as little lasting damage as possible.
Cause
Ventriculitis is caused by an infection of the ventricles, causing an immune response in the lining, which in turn, leads to inflammation. The ventriculitis, is in truth, a complication of the initial infection or abnormality. The underlying infection can come in the form of a number of different bacteria or viruses. The data seems to point to Staphylococci as the leading bacterial cause of infection leading to ventriculitis being present in about 90% of cases, but generally, what is of more concern is the way the infection entered the ventricles. The brain in its natural state is very protected from infection. The blood–brain barrier serves to keep pathogens from entering the sensitive areas of the brain. However, when those natural defenses are by-passed in the hospital setting, the brain is suddenly exposed to a host of potentially harmful bacteria and viruses.
Patients that have had invasive brain surgery or procedures are considered to be the most at risk for experiencing ventriculitis. Two procedures, in particular have been studied extensively due to their high rate of ventriculitis contractions post operation. The first group consists of patients that have had an external ventricular drain implanted to allow physicians to reduce the intracranial pressure they experience. The duration that the drain is implanted varies by necessity, however, the longer the drain is in, the more likely an infection will occur. The second group consists of patients that have an implanted intracranial stent. Both groups of patients have a much higher rate of ventriculitis than the general populace, though there is very little supporting evidence due to the lack of definition of ventriculitis as frequent misdiagnosis. Nearly 25% of patients with an external ventricular drain experience infection-based meningitis or ventriculitis.
Diagnosis
Ventriculitis is commonly diagnosed using a variety of tests or procedures. When a physician suspects that a patient has ventriculitis, the first step is typically to ascertain the presence of the inflammation using computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology to "take a picture" of the brain. The scans allow physicians to check for "intraventricular debris and pus, abnormal periventricular and subependymal signal intensity, and enhancement of the ventricular lining," all of which indicate the likelihood of ventriculitis. MRIs have been reported as being highly effective and sensitive in detecting such indicators, even from an early stage.
After determining whether a patient shows signs of ventriculitis, the doctor may choose to pursue a more specific and useful diagnosis to find the cause of the ventriculitis. This is done by obtaining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid, most commonly via a procedure called a lumbar puncture or spinal tap. For patients with an implanted external ventricular drain, cerebrospinal fluid can be collected from the drain's output. After the sample of fluid is obtained, a battery of tests featuring gram staining will be performed to identify any offending pathogen or infection agent. The test will also determine any resistance the pathogen may have to antibiotics. By identifying the viral or bacterial cause of the ventriculitis, doctors are more able to effectively treat the inflammation and infection. This procedure is fairly effective, but is rarely able to isolate anaerobic organisms that may be causing the inflammation, giving cause for further research and procedural development.
Though they present with similar symptoms and often occur in tandem, meningitis and ventriculitis are two different diseases, so physicians must be able to distinguish between the two. Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective lining of the central nervous system, called meninges. Because of the similar pathologies and cause of the two types of inflammation, they are difficult to differentiate using chemical testing, but show very different visual effects in both the MRI and CT scans, hence their use as a validation that the patient does, in fact, have ventriculitis and not another, similar condition such as meningitis.
Treatment
Treatment of ventriculitis is critical. If left untreated, it could lead to severe brain damage and even death in some cases. Currently, the only commonly employed treatments of ventriculitis involve an antibiotic regimen targeting the underlying infection causing the inflammation. Typically, the physician will order the patient be placed on broad-spectrum antibiotics in order to manage the symptoms and control the infection while the cerebrospinal fluid samples are analyzed. When a specific bacterial or viral cause is found, the doctor will change the treatment accordingly. There is some debate as to the most effective antibiotics and the best ways to introduce the drugs (e.g. intravenously, orally, etc.), however it is agreed that drug effectiveness is limited by the difficulty of non-invasively allowing the drugs to enter the cerebrospinal fluid.
Should intracranial pressure reach unsafe levels, the patient may need to have cerebrospinal fluid drained. Implanted external ventricular drains are one of the more common ways to manage and monitor the intracranial pressure, however there are several risks involved with such an invasive procedure, including the risk of further infection.
There is a great deal of research focused around prevention of ventriculitis. It is crucial that any procedure involving exposing the brain is performed with the utmost care, as infections in the brain are very dangerous and potentially deadly. When patients undergo such procedures, they are often monitored closely over the next several days to ensure that there were no infections and any instance of even a small headache is treated very seriously. It is also necessary to monitor the intracranial pressure of the patients often enough to observe significant changes that could indicate the presence of and infection and ensuing ventriculitis. It is important not to measure the pressure too often, however, as it could in fact lead to infection.
Current research
Due to the poor definition of the condition that is ventriculitis, there is still a great deal that is not known about this dangerous condition. While other, similar conditions, such as meningitis or encephalitis, have been thoroughly researched, ventriculitis is a very loose grouping of conditions characterized by the fact that the lining of the ventricles is inflamed. Because no solid definition has been accepted across the medical community, research in the subject has been slow to progress. However, most common research into ventriculitis has been focused on the main points of causation, demographic information, and effectiveness of treatments and prevention methods.
Causation
One of the key areas of research for ventriculitis is discovering and defining exactly what causes it. There are many bacterial and viral infections that could cause inflammation of the ventricles, but researchers are trying to define which are the most common pathogens, the risk levels associated with various medical operations and procedures, and why the symptoms vary so much on a case-by-case basis. Answering these questions will allow doctors to not only better understand ventriculitis, but better treat and prevent it as well.
Demographics
Currently, there is very little understanding as to who is at increased risk for ventriculitis, other than those who have undergone neurosurgery or procedures involving brain exposure. Even then, current clinical practices can't predict which patients will be affected. In order to predict which populations should be focused on, researchers must gather more case information about who is diagnosed with ventriculitis and how they present. In essence, the medical community must compile data of as many details as possible from each case so that more generalized conclusions may be drawn.
Treatment and prevention
So little is currently known about how ventriculitis should be defined and those it affects that even less can be known about prevention methods. While treatment is fairly standard for any infection to some degree, prevention is a different matter. One popular theory is the use of prophylactic antibiotics, administered during insertion of external ventricular drains or ventricular stents with the hope of preventing infection. The results of these studies have been more or less inconclusive due to a lack of standardized protocol, showing no significant benefit to using antibiotics as a preventative measure.
References
External links
Inflammations
Brain disorders
Ventricular system | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventriculitis |
Local council elections were held for 23 localities in Malta on 11 March 2006. Traditionally, this round of elections has given positive results to the Nationalist Party, with the biggest villages apart from Żabbar, being the traditional villages in which the Nationalist Party (Sliema, Naxxar, Birkirkara) obtains best results. Eighty-eight percent of the voting documents were collected.
Results
Overview
The Malta Labour Party (MLP) has won the Local Council elections with 53.8% of first count votes. The PN obtained 43% while Alternattiva Demokratika and independent candidates obtained 3.2%. While 3.2% may seem insignificant on a national level, this is not in the case of one locality, namely Marsaskala, as 0.76% of these translated in 604 votes and a seat for a new independent group, Grupp Indipendenti Marsaskala in the Marsascala Local Council, headed by ex PN MP Dr Josie Muscat.
Results Table
Background in multiple localities
The Nationalist Party is at present in government. It has introduced several measures which might affect the election such as the rise in the price of electricity.
A former Nationalist MP, Dr Josie Muscat along with three other members of the new GIM (Maltese: Grupp Indipendenti Marsascala), has successfully contested the elections in Marsaskala as an independent candidate on a campaign opposing the waste recycling plant in Marsaskala, the fish farms industry just 6 km away from Marsascala and the exclusion of Marsaskala from the tourist zone by the government. The three other G.I.M contestants were Marvic Attard Gialanze (first independent female mayor in the first-ever local councils' elections in 1994), John J Cole, and Mariella Cutajar.
Dr. Muscat was elected to Marsaskala's 2006/9 local council representing G.I.M., whose group garnered well over 600 first votes. Therefore the Nationalist Party elected two councillors instead of the three in Marsascala, losing one seat.
There was criticism regarding the government's plans on a recycling plant in Marsascala and the recently announced large scale fish farm concentration just 6 km away from this idyllic picturesque sea-side village.
In Sliema, local residents were angry at the approach the Local Council has taken to the building up of a new multi-storage car park in a residential area.
References
2006
Malta
Local council elections
March 2006 events in Europe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Maltese%20local%20elections |
Kalle Markus Palander (born May 2, 1977 in Tornio) is a Finnish retired alpine skier, the most successful male Finn ever in the sport.
Career
In 1999 Palander won the world championship in slalom. He also won the Alpine skiing World Cup in slalom during the 2002–2003 season, and was fourth in the overall standings. Palander has also been successful in giant slalom. He is known for his relaxed attitude and for wearing a red toque instead of a helmet when participating in slalom competitions.
World Cup victories
Overall victories
World Cup victories
References
External links
Kalle Palander at Virtual Finland
1977 births
Living people
People from Tornio
Finnish male alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers for Finland
FIS Alpine Ski World Cup champions
Skiers from Lapland (Finland) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalle%20Palander |
Peerage of England
|rowspan="2"|Duke of Cornwall (1337)||None||1377||1399||
|-
|Henry of Monmouth||1399||1413||1st Duke of Lancaster (1399)
|-
|rowspan="2"|Duke of Lancaster (1362)||John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster||1362||1399||
|-
|Henry of Bolingbroke||1399||1399||Duke of Hereford (1397); Elected King, and all his honours merged in the Crown
|-
|Duke of York (1385)||Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York||1385||1402||
|-
|Duke of Gloucester (1385)||Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester||1385||1397||Declared guilty of treason, whereby all his honours were forfeited
|-
|Duke of Aumale (1397)||Edward of Norwich||1397||1399||Deprived of the title; also Earl of Rutland (1390-1402)
|-
|Duke of Exeter (1397)||John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter||1397||1399||Attainted, and all his honours became forfeited
|-
|Duke of Surrey (1397)||Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey||1397||1399||Deprived of the title
|-
|Duke of Norfolk (1397)||Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk||1397||1399||Deprived of the dukedom, see Earl of Norfolk below
|-
|Duchess of Norfolk (1397)||Margaret, Duchess of Norfolk||1397||1399||Title created for life; died
|-
|Duke of Lancaster (1399)||Henry of Monmouth||1399||1416||New creation, also Duke of Cornwall, see above
|-
|Marquess of Dorset (1397)||John Beaufort, 1st Marquess of Dorset and Somerset||1397||1399||New creation, Also Marquess of Somerset; both titles degraded to Earl of Somerset, see below
|-
|rowspan="2"|Earl of Surrey (1088)||Richard FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Surrey||1376||1397||11th Earl of Arundel; died
|-
|Richard FitzAlan, 9th Earl of Surrey||1376||1397||11th Earl of Arundel; attainted and his honours were forfeited
|-
|Earl of Warwick (1088)||Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick||1369||1401||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Earl of Oxford (1142)||none||1388||1392||Attainted
|-
|Aubrey de Vere, 10th Earl of Oxford||1392||1400||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Earl of Norfolk (1312)||Margaret, 2nd Countess of Norfolk||1375||1399||Created Duchess of Norfolk, see above
|-
|Thomas de Mowbray, 3rd Earl of Norfolk||1399||1400||Deprived of Dukedom
|-
|rowspan="2"|Earl of March (1328)||Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March||1381||1398||Died
|-
|Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March||1398||1425||
|-
|Earl of Devon (1335)||Edward de Courtenay, 3rd Earl of Devon||1377||1419||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Earl of Salisbury (1337)||William de Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury||1344||1397||Died
|-
|John Montacute, 3rd Earl of Salisbury||1397||1400||
|-
|rowspan="3"|Earl of Stafford (1351)||Thomas Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford||1386||1392||Died
|-
|William Stafford, 4th Earl of Stafford||1392||1395||Died
|-
|Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford||1395||1403||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Earl of Kent (1360)||Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent||1360||1397||Died
|-
|Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent||1397||1400||Duke of Surrey 1397-1399, see above
|-
|Earl of Richmond (1372)||John V, Duke of Brittany||1372||1399||Forfeited
|-
|Earl of Northumberland (1377)||Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland||1377||1406||
|-
|Earl of Nottingham (1383)||Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Earl of Nottingham||1383||1399||Created Duke of Norfolk, see above
|-
|Earl of Suffolk (1385)||Michael de la Pole, 2nd Earl of Suffolk||1399||1415||Restored to his father's dignities
|-
|Earl of Huntingson (1387)||John Holland, 1st Earl of Huntingdon||1388||1400||Created Duke of Exeter, see above
|-
|Earl of Somerset (1397)||John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset||1397||1410||Marquess of Dorset and Somerset 1397-1399
|-
|Earl of Gloucester (1397)||Thomas le Despenser, 1st Earl of Gloucester||1397||1399||New creation; degraded from his Earldom
|-
|Earl of Westmorland (1397)||Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland||1397||1425||New creation
|-
|Earl of Wiltshire (1397)||William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire||1397||1399||New creation; executed and attainted
|-
|Earl of Worcester (1397)||Thomas Percy, 1st Earl of Worcester||1397||1403||New creation
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron de Ros (1264)||John de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros||1383||1394||Died
|-
|William de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros||1393||1414||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron le Despencer (1264)||none||1326||1397||Attainted
|-
|Thomas le Despencer, 6th Baron Despencer||1397||1399||Attainder reversed; created Earl of Gloucester; attainted again
|-
|Baron Basset of Drayton (1264)||Ralph Basset, 4th Baron Basset of Drayton||1344||1390||Died, title either abeyant or dormant
|-
|Baron Berkeley (1295)||Thomas de Berkeley, 5th Baron Berkeley||1368||1418||
|-
|Baron Fauconberg (1295)||Thomas de Fauconberg, 5th Baron Fauconberg||1362||1407||
|-
|Baron FitzWalter (1295)||Walter FitzWalter, 5th Baron FitzWalter||1386||1406||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron FitzWarine (1295)||Fulke FitzWarine, 5th Baron FitzWarine||1377||1391||Died
|-
|Fulke FitzWarine, 6th Baron FitzWarine||1391||1407||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Grey de Wilton (1295)||Henry Grey, 5th Baron Grey de Wilton||1370||1396||Died
|-
|Richard Grey, 6th Baron Grey de Wilton||1396||1442||
|-
|Baron Mauley (1295)||Peter de Mauley, 4th Baron Mauley||1383||1415||
|-
|Baron Neville de Raby (1295)||Ralph Neville, 4th Baron Neville de Raby||1388||1425||Created Earl of Westmoreland, see above
|-
|Baron Bardolf (1299)||Thomas Bardolf, 5th Baron Bardolf||1385||1407||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Clinton (1299)||John de Clinton, 3rd Baron Clinton||1335||1398||Died
|-
|William de Clinton, 4th Baron Clinton||1398||1431||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron De La Warr (1299)||John la Warr, 4th Baron De La Warr||1370||1398||Died
|-
|Thomas la Warr, 5th Baron De La Warr||1398||1427||
|-
|Baron Ferrers of Chartley (1299)||Robert de Ferrers, 5th Baron Ferrers of Chartley||1367||1416||
|-
|Baron Lovel (1299)||John Lovel, 5th Baron Lovel||1361||1408||
|-
|Baron Scales (1299)||Robert de Scales, 5th Baron Scales||1386||1402||
|-
|Baron Tregoz (1299)||Thomas de Tregoz, 3rd Baron Tregoz||1322||1405||
|-
|Baron Welles (1299)||John de Welles, 5th Baron Welles||1361||1421||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron de Clifford (1299)||Thomas de Clifford, 6th Baron de Clifford||1389||1391-3||Died
|-
|John Clifford, 7th Baron de Clifford||1391-3||1422||
|-
|Baron Ferrers of Groby (1299)||William Ferrers, 5th Baron Ferrers of Groby||1388||1445||
|-
|Baron Furnivall (1299)||Joane de Furnivall, suo jure Baroness Furnivall||1383||1407||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Latimer (1299)||Elizabeth Latimer, suo jure Baroness Latimer||1381||1395||Died
|-
|John Nevill, 6th Baron Latimer||1395||1430||
|-
|Baron Morley (1299)||Thomas de Morley, 4th Baron Morley||1379||1416||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Strange of Knockyn (1299)||John le Strange, 6th Baron Strange of Knockyn||1381||1397||Died
|-
|Richard le Strange, 7th Baron Strange of Knockyn||1397||1449||
|-
|Baron Botetourt (1305)||Joan de Botetourt, suo jure Baroness Botetourt||1385||1406||
|-
|Baron Boteler of Wemme (1308)||Elizabeth Le Boteler, de jure Baroness Boteler of Wemme||1361||1411||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Zouche of Haryngworth (1308)||William la Zouche, 3rd Baron Zouche||1382||1396||Died
|-
|William la Zouche, 4th Baron Zouche||1396||1415||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Beaumont (1309)||John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont||1369||1396||Died
|-
|Henry Beaumont, 5th Baron Beaumont||1396||1413||
|-
|Baron Monthermer (1309)||Margaret de Monthermer, suo jure Baroness Monthermer||1340||1390||Died, title succeeded by her son John, who in 1397 became Earl of Salisbury (see above)
|-
|Baron Strange of Blackmere (1309)||Ankaret Lestrangee, suo jure Baroness Strange of Blackmere||1383||1413||
|-
|Baron Lisle (1311)||Robert de Lisle, 3rd Baron Lisle||1356||1399||Died, Barony extinct
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Audley of Heleigh (1313)||Nicholas de Audley, 3rd Baron Audley of Heleigh||1386||1391||Died
|-
|in abeyance||1391||1405||
|-
|Baron Cobham of Kent (1313)||John de Cobham, 3rd Baron Cobham of Kent||1355||1408||
|-
|Baron Saint Amand (1313)||Almaric de St Amand, 3rd Baron Saint Amand||1382||1402||
|-
|Baron Cherleton (1313)||John Cherleton, 4th Baron Cherleton||1374||1401||
|-
|Baron Say (1313)||Elizabeth de Say, suo jure Baroness Say||1382||1399||Died, Barony fell into abeyance
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Willoughby de Eresby (1313)||Robert Willoughby, 4th Baron Willoughby de Eresby||1372||1396||Died
|-
|William Willoughby, 5th Baron Willoughby de Eresby||1396||1409||
|-
|Baron Holand (1314)||Maud de Holland, suo jure Baroness Holand||1373||1420||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Dacre (1321)||William Dacre, 5th Baron Dacre||1383||1398||Died
|-
|Thomas Dacre, 6th Baron Dacre||1398||1458||
|-
|Baron FitzHugh (1321)||Henry FitzHugh, 3rd Baron FitzHugh||1386||1425||
|-
|Baron Greystock (1321)||Ralph de Greystock, 3rd Baron Greystock||1358||1417||
|-
|Baron Grey of Ruthin (1325)||Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn||1388||1441||
|-
|Baron Harington (1326)||Robert Harington, 3rd Baron Harington||1363||1406||
|-
|Baron Burghersh (1330)||Elizabeth de Burghersh, 3rd Baroness Burghersh||1369||1409||
|-
|Baron Maltravers (1330)||Eleanor Maltravers, 2nd Baroness Maltravers||1377||1405||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Darcy de Knayth (1332)||Philip Darcy, 4th Baron Darcy de Knayth||1362||1398||Died
|-
|John Darcy, 5th Baron Darcy de Knayth||1398||1411||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Talbot (1332)||Richard Talbot, 4th Baron Talbot||1387||1396||Died
|-
|Gilbert Talbot, 5th Baron Talbot||1396||1419||
|-
|Baron Poynings (1337)||Robert Poynings, 5th Baron Poynings||1387||1446||
|-
|Baron Cobham of Sterborough (1342)||Reginald de Cobham, 2nd Baron Cobham of Sterborough||1361||1403||
|-
|Baron Bourchier (1342)||John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Bourchier||1349||1400||
|-
|Baron Bryan (1350)||Guy Bryan, 1st Baron Bryan||1350||1390||Died, Barony fell into abeyance
|-
|Baron Burnell (1350)||Hugh Burnell, 2nd Baron Burnell||1383||1420||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Scrope of Masham (1350)||Henry Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Masham||1350||1391||Died
|-
|Stephen Scrope, 2nd Baron Scrope of Masham||1391||1406||
|-
|Baron Saint Maur (1351)||Richard St Maur, 3rd Baron Saint Maur||1361||1401||
|-
|Baron le Despencer (1357)||Thomas le Despenser, 2nd Baron le Despencer||1375||1400||Created Earl of Gloucester, see above
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Lisle (1357)||Margaret de Lisle, 3rd Baroness Lisle||1382||1392||Died
|-
|Elizabeth de Berkeley, 4th Baroness Lisle||1392||1420||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Montacute (1357)||John de Montacute, 1st Baron Montacute||1357||1390||Died
|-
|John de Montacute, 2nd Baron Montacute||1390||1400||Succeeded as Earl of Salisbury, see above
|-
|rowspan="3"|Baron Botreaux (1368)||William de Botreaux, 1st Baron Botreaux||1368||1391||Died
|-
|William de Botreaux, 2nd Baron Botreaux||1391||1392||Died
|-
|William de Botreaux, 3rd Baron Botreaux||1392||1462||
|-
|Baron Scrope of Bolton (1371)||Richard le Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Bolton||1371||1403||
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Cromwell (1375)||Ralph de Cromwell, 1st Baron Cromwell||1375||1398||Died
|-
|Ralph de Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell||1398||1417||
|-
|Baron Clifton (1376)||Constantine de Clifton, 2nd Baron Clifton||1388||1395||Died, none of his heirs were summoned to Parliament in respect of this Barony
|-
|Baron Thorpe (1381)||William de Thorpe, 1st Baron Thorpe||1381||1390||Died, title extinct
|-
|Baron Camoys (1383)||Thomas de Camoys, 1st Baron Camoys||1383||1419||
|-
|Baron Falvesley (1383)||John de Falvesley, 1st Baron Falvesley||1383||1392||Died, title extinct
|-
|rowspan="2"|Baron Devereux (1383)||John Devereux, 1st Baron Devereux||1384||1393||Died
|-
|John Devereux, 2nd Baron Devereux||1393||1396||Died, title ceased
|-
|Baron Lumley (1384)||Ralph de Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley||1384||1400||
|-
|Baron Beauchamp of Kidderminster (1387)||John de Beauchamp, 2nd Baron Beauchamp||1388||1400||
|-
|Baron le Despencer (1387)||Philip le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer||1387||1401||
|-
|Baron Bergavenny (1392)||William de Beauchamp, 1st Baron Bergavenny||1392||1411||New creation
|-
|Baron Grey of Codnor (1397)||Richard Grey, 1st Baron Grey of Codnor||1397||1418||New creation
|-
|}
Peerage of Scotland
|Duke of Rothesay (1398)||David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay||1398||1402||New creation; Earl of Carrick in 1390
|-
|Duke of Albany (1398)||Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany||1398||1420||New creation
|-
|rowspan=2|Earl of Mar (1114)||Margaret, Countess of Mar||1377||1393||Died
|-
|Isabel Douglas, Countess of Mar||1393||1408||
|-
|Earl of Dunbar (1115)||George I, Earl of March||1368||1420||
|-
|Earl of Fife (1129)||Robert Stewart, Earl of Fife||1371||1420||Created Duke of Albany, see above
|-
|rowspan=2|Earl of Menteith (1160)||Margaret Graham, Countess of Menteith||1360||1390||Died
|-
|Murdoch Stewart, Earl of Menteith||1390||1425||
|-
|Earl of Lennox (1184)||Donnchadh, Earl of Lennox||1385||1425||
|-
|rowspan=2|Earl of Ross (1215)||Euphemia I, Countess of Ross||1372||1394||Died
|-
|Alexander Leslie, Earl of Ross||1394||1402||
|-
|Earl of Sutherland (1235)||Robert de Moravia, 6th Earl of Sutherland||1370||1427||
|-
|Earl of Douglas (1358)||Archibald Douglas, 3rd Earl of Douglas||1388||1400||
|-
|Earl of Carrick (1368)||John Stewart, Earl of Carrick||1368||1390||Succeeded to the Throne, and the Earldom merged into Crown
|-
|Earl of Strathearn (1371)||Euphemia Stewart, Countess of Strathearn||1386||1410||
|-
|rowspan=2|Earl of Moray (1372)||John Dunbar, Earl of Moray||1372||1391||Died
|-
|Thomas Dunbar, 5th Earl of Moray||1391||1422||
|-
|Earl of Orkney (1379)||Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney||1379||1400||
|-
|Earl of Buchan (1382)||Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan||1382||1404||
|-
|Earl of Angus (1389)||George Douglas, 1st Earl of Angus||1389||1403||
|-
|Earl of Crawford (1398)||David Lindsay, 1st Earl of Crawford||1398||1407||New creation
|-
|}
Peerage of Ireland
|rowspan=2|Earl of Ulster (1264)||Roger Mortimer, 6th Earl of Ulster||1382||1398||Died
|-
|Edmund Mortimer, 7th Earl of Ulster||1398||1425||
|-
|rowspan=2|Earl of Kildare (1316)||Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare||1329||1390||Died
|-
|Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Kildare||1390||1432||
|-
|Earl of Ormond (1328)||James Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormond||1382||1405||
|-
|rowspan=3|Earl of Desmond (1329)||Gerald FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Desmond||1358||1398||Died
|-
|John FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Desmond||1398||1399||Died
|-
|Thomas FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Desmond||1399||1420||
|-
|Earl of Cork (1396)||Edward of Norwich, 1st Earl of Cork||1396||1415||New creation
|-
|Baron Athenry (1172)||Walter de Bermingham||1374||1428||
|-
|Baron Kingsale (1223)||William de Courcy, 9th Baron Kingsale||1387||1410||
|-
|rowspan=2|Baron Kerry (1223)||Maurice Fitzmaurice, 6th Baron Kerry||1348||1398||Died
|-
|Patrick Fitzmaurice, 7th Baron Kerry||1398||1410||
|-
|rowspan=2|Baron Barry (1261)||David Barry, 6th Baron Barry||1347||1392||Died
|-
|John Barry, 7th Baron Barry||1392||1420||
|-
|rowspan=2|Baron Gormanston (1370)||Robert Preston, 1st Baron Gormanston||1370||1396||Died
|-
|Christopher Preston, 2nd Baron Gormanston||1396||1422||
|-
|Baron Slane (1370)||Thomas Fleming, 2nd Baron Slane||1370||1435||
|-
|}
References
Lists of peers by decade
1390s in England
1390s in Ireland
14th century in Scotland
14th-century English people
14th-century Irish people
14th-century Scottish earls
14th century in England
14th century in Ireland
Peers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20peers%201390%E2%80%931399 |
Sir Frederic George Kenyon (15 January 1863 – 23 August 1952) was an English palaeographer and biblical and classical scholar. He held a series of posts at the British Museum from 1889 to 1931. He was also the president of the British Academy from 1917 to 1921. From 1918 to 1952 he was Gentleman Usher of the Purple Rod.
Early life
Kenyon was born in London, the son of John Robert Kenyon, the Vinerian Professor of English Law at Oxford, and was thus great-grandson of Lloyd Kenyon, 1st Baron Kenyon. He was educated at Winchester College. He graduated BA from Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was later a fellow.
Career
Kenyon joined the British Museum in 1889 and rose to be its Director and Principal Librarian by 1909. He was knighted for his services in 1912 and remained at his post until 1931. He was elected an International Member of the American Philosophical Society in 1937. He was a trustee of the Imperial War Museum from 1920 to 1946.
In 1891, Kenyon edited the editio princeps of Aristotle's Constitution of Athens. In 1920, he was appointed president of the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem. He spent most of his retirement researching and publishing ancient papyri. He died on 23 August 1952.
Kenyon was a noted scholar of ancient languages, and made a lifelong study of the Bible, especially the New Testament as an historical text. His book Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts (1895) shows one way that Egyptian papyri and other evidence from archaeology can corroborate the narrative of historical events in the Gospels. He was convinced of the historical reality of the events described in the New Testament:
“the last foundation for any doubt that the Scriptures have come down to us substantially as they were written has now been removed.”
At the start of the First World War, Kenyon served with the British Expeditionary Force in France to September 1914, then on home service with his regiment the Inns of Court O.T.C. He was promoted major in 1916 and lieutenant-colonel in 1917, retiring in 1921. He was awarded the Territorial Decoration in 1918. In the Second World War he served in the Home Guard from 1940 to 1942. He was an advisor to the Imperial War Graves Commission from 1917 to 1948.
Personal life
Kenyon married Amy, third daughter of Rowland Hunt of Boreatton Hall, Baschurch, Shropshire, by whom he had two daughters. She died in 1938. Kenyon's elder daughter was the British archaeologist Dame Kathleen Kenyon.
From 1899 to 1901 Frederic was Commanding Officer of the Roxeth & Harrow Company of the London Diocesan Church Lads' Brigade.
Works
1891: Ἀριστοτέλους Ἀθηναίων Πολιτεία. Aristotle on the Constitution of Athens; edited by F. G. Kenyon. London: Printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum
1891: Classical Texts from Papyri in the British Museum: Including the Newly Discovered Poems of Herodas, with Autotype Facsimiles of MSS; edited by F. G. Kenyon. London: British Museum.
1895: Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts, Eyre and Spottiswoode, London, 1896
1897: The Letters of Elizabeth Barrett Browning; edited with biographical additions by Frederic G. Kenyon. 2 vol. London: John Murray. Gutenberg fulltext
1899: The Palaeography of Greek papyri: With Twenty Facsimiles and a Table of Alphabets
1900: Facsimiles of Biblical Manuscripts in the British Museum Printed by Order of the Trustees. London.
1901: Handbook to the textual criticism of the New Testament (1st ed.)
1912: Handbook to the textual criticism of the New Testament (2nd ed.)
1914: Aristotle, The Athenian Constitution; translated by Frederic G. Kenyon. London: G. Bell Gutenberg fulltext Wikisource fulltext
1915:
1927: Ancient Books and Modern Discoveries. Chicago: The Caxton Club.
1932: Books and Readers in Ancient Greece and Rome Oxford: Clarendon Press. (2nd ed. 1951)
1933: Recent Developments in the Textual Criticism of the Greek Bible (Schweich Lectures for 1932) London: Oxford University Press
1933–41: The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri: Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible. London: Emery Walker. (See Chester Beatty Papyri)
1936: The Story of the Bible: A Popular Account of How It Came to Us London: J. Murray
1940: The Bible and Archaeology. London: G. Harrap / New York: Harper & Row
1948: The Bible and Modern Scholarship (Ethel M. Wood Lecture) London: J. Murray.
References
External links
The Master's Seminary Journal 1:10 (Spring 1999), 42
Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford
1863 births
1952 deaths
Writers from London
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
British biblical scholars
Directors of the British Museum
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
New Testament scholars
Presidents of the British Academy
People educated at Winchester College
Fellows of the British Academy
Knights Bachelor
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Presidents of the Society of Antiquaries of London
Honorary Fellows of the British Academy
Presidents of the Classical Association
Members of the American Philosophical Society | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic%20G.%20Kenyon |
The Gracie Challenge was an open invitation challenge match issued by members of the Gracie family, representing their self-defense system of Gracie Jiu-Jitsu against challengers of other martial art systems in a vale tudo match, or "anything goes" competition.
A precursor to the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC), the purpose of these challenges was to prove the effectiveness of the Gracie style of BJJ over all other martial arts styles in an era before the advent of "mixed martial arts". Challenges have been issued since Carlos Gracie first made one in the 1920s; some were public events and others have remained private.
History
The Gracie challenge was first issued by then judoka Carlos Gracie in the 1920s to promote and develop the Gracie's style of Brazilian jiu-jitsu, and as an attempt to show that it was superior to other styles of martial arts. The matches typically featured a smaller Gracie versus a larger and/or more athletic looking opponent, and became increasingly popular. Carlos and later his brother Hélio Gracie and both of these men's sons defeated martial artists of many different styles such as boxing, savate, judo, karate, and wrestling, while experiencing few losses.
Hélio Gracie vs Masahiko Kimura
Hélio Gracie issued a challenge to a highly touted judoka named Masahiko Kimura. An agreement was made under what would be known as the "Gracie Rules" via the Gracie Challenge that throws and pins would not count towards victory; only submission or loss of consciousness would do so. This played against judo rules in which pins and throws can award someone a victory. Kimura would go on to defeat Hélio in 14 minutes. Kimura broke Hélio's arm during the match with a reverse ude-garami after applying a number of submissions. According to Kimura in his book My Judo, he thought of Hélio Gracie to be a 6th dan judoka at the time of his fight with him in 1951.
Fadda Academy vs Gracie Academy
In 1951 jiu-jitsu instructor Oswaldo Fadda issued a challenge to the Gracie Academy to prove his worth. The contest was proposed through O Globo ("The Globe"), Brazil's most popular publication. “We wish to challenge the Gracies. We respect them like the formidable adversaries they are, but we do not fear them. We have 20 pupils ready for the dispute.”—Oswaldo Fadda
Hélio Gracie accepted the challenge to have his students face Fadda's and the matches took place at the Gracie Academy. Fadda's team won, making better use of their footlock knowledge, something the Gracies lacked and frowned upon ever since, calling it “suburban technique” (Técnica de Suburbano). The highlight of the competition was when Fadda's pupil José Guimarães choked Gracie's student “Leonidas” unconscious.
Master vs Student
In 1952, Helio would face a former student Valdemar Santana, who in a 3-hour and 45 minute match would defeat Helio. Santana would go on to knock out Helio with a kick to the head. This would be the last of Helio's matches that involved striking (i.e. Vale Tudo).
Various challenges
The Gracie challenge entered American martial arts legend when Rorion Gracie came to the United States to teach Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Rorion upheld the family's tradition and regularly took challenge matches at his facility.
Benny Urquidez
A common story is that Gracie backed up his challenges with a wager that he would pay the winner $100,000 should he lose. The misconception stemmed from a proposed challenge match with Benny "the Jet" Urquidez, where both Gracie and Urquidez would bet $100,000 on the outcome of the match. However, that match never occurred.
Gracie challenge matches
Wallid Ismail
Wallid Ismail, a jiu-jitsu champion several times over and black belt under Carlson Gracie, defeated four members of the famous Gracie family in competition, representing his master in an intra-family feud that existed between Carlson and Helio Gracie. When fighting against Royce Gracie in 1998, Ismail was the only one who accepted the conditions that Royce proposed for the bout, like having no point scoring and no time limit, thus making the fight only winnable by submission. The fight took four minutes and fifty three seconds, until Wallid defeated Gracie with the Relógio, the Clock Choke, a move that has been associated with Wallid ever since. After his win, Wallid said that if Royce's team wanted a rematch they would have to pay him US$200,000.00, a value that even the Gracies had never been paid at the UFC at that time.
Decision after defeat – judo Olympian Yoshida win turned into a no-contest
Hidehiko Yoshida, a Judo Gold Medal Olympian, debuted for PRIDE FC in a grappling match against mixed martial arts (MMA) pioneer Royce Gracie at Pride Shockwave in 2002. The fight ended when Yoshida claimed Gracie had submitted from a Gi choke. However, Gracie disputed the stoppage and the fight was later ruled a no contest when the family vowed to never fight for PRIDE again if the win was not turned into a no contest. PRIDE accepted their demands.
References
Mixed martial arts events
Gracie Challenge | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gracie%20Challenge |
North Side High School Gym was an indoor gymnasium in Fort Wayne, Indiana. It hosted the NBA's Fort Wayne Pistons from 1941 until they moved to the War Memorial Coliseum in 1952. The gymnasium held near 3,000 people and hosted games for North Side High School in Fort Wayne through 2004 when the school was renovated. The teams at North Side now play in a new gym, By Hey Arena, and the old facility was transformed into the school's library in the renovation.
Basketball venues in Indiana
Former National Basketball Association venues
Basketball Association of America venues
National Basketball League (United States) venues
Fort Wayne Zollner Pistons
Fort Wayne General Electrics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Side%20High%20School%20Gym |
The is a Japanese yōkai depicted in Toriyama Sekien's 1776 book Gazu Hyakki Yagyō, with its precursor or equivalent documented earlier in 1686.
These beings presumably lick the filth and scum that collect in bathtubs and bathrooms.
Terminology
The word aka refers to dead skin on a person's body, alongside the dirt, grime, or sweat that may be scrubbed or washed off; the aka can also refer to scum that accumulates at the bathhouse as a result, including perhaps mildew.
Hence the name akaname means 'scum-licker' or 'filth-licker".
There is speculation whether aka alludes to impurities or defilements of the soul, or negative thoughts known in Buddhism as bonnō (Sankskrit: kleshas), and the yōkai may serve as warning not to be so preoccupied with such thoughts as to be derelict in the chores of cleansing the bath of such filth. Another speculation is a possible connection to the sacred water used as offering in Buddhism, known as water, or in Sanskrit, .
Edo period
The name akaname ("filth-licker", "scum-licker") first appeared in Gazu hyakkiyagyō (1776), one of several illustrated yōkai collections by Toriyama Sekien according to some commentators, however, the variant name with the same meaning was described earlier in the kaidan book (1686) by . The form is also attested in a work called compiled by Genki (presumably Kanda Genki).
Sekien did not provide any verbal details regarding his akaname, as was the case in all the yōkai depicted in this particular early work of his.
However, the Nittō honzō zusan provided ample details, describing it as child-like, with a pebbly? () head, round eyes, long tongue, and several example anecdotes are also provided. In classical Edo Period depictions the akaname resembles a human child with clawed feet and cropped heads, sticking out its long tongue at a bathing area. In Sekien's (monochrome) drawing the akaname stands around the corner of a "bathhouse", though the setting appears to be a bath housed in an outhouse separated from the main house (living quarters), rather than a public bathhouse. In the Hyakushu kaibutsu yōkai sugoroku (1858), it is depicted as an eerie, blue-black skinned figure.
The Kokon hyakumonogatari hyōban gives lecture on how the akaneburi originates, supposedly it spawns in an area where dust and grime/filth/scum (aka) at an old bathhouse or at a derelict tattered home. That is to say, the akaname was said to emanate (keshō ) from the ki (; qi) energy or inki () negative energy of the accumulated detritus, and the akaneburi also subsists on eating the filth of its environs.
A more sinister type of akaneburi which assumes the guise of a beautiful woman is also described in the entry in Nittō honzō zusan, and it is claimed she will lick away the blood and flesh until only the skeletal carcass remains. The work gives as example the anecdote concerning a man who was in the hot springs at Banshū (Harima Province), and when he allowed a woman to scrub his back, he was licked down to his bones and died.
Shōwa, Heisei, and beyond
In literature about yōkai from the periods of Shōwa, Heisei, and beyond, akaname and akaneburi were interpreted the same way as above. These interpretations state that the akaname is a yōkai that lives in old bathhouses and dilapidated buildings that would sneak into places at night when people are asleep using its long tongue to lick the filth and grime sticking to bath places and bathtubs. It does not do anything other than lick filth, but since yōkai were considered unsettling to encounter, it is said that people worked hard to ensure that the bath places and bathtubs are washed clean so that the akaname wouldn't come.
There were none who saw what the akaname truly were, but since aka can remind people of the color red (aka in Japanese), they are said to have red faces or be entirely red. And due to the double entendre pun on aka which can refer to both the filth which is the yōkai's essence and to the color red, a (modern) artist tends to conventionally illustrate the akaname as being of red color.
In popular culture
In 2020, Lush released a bubble bar named for and modeled after the creatures.
See also
Aka Manto ("Red Cape"), a Japanese urban legend about a spirit which appears in bathrooms
Bannik, a spirit which appears in bathhouses in Slavic mythology
Hanako-san, a Japanese urban legend about the spirit of a young girl who haunts school bathrooms
Madam Koi Koi, an African urban legend about the ghost of a woman who haunts school
Teke Teke, a Japanese urban legend about the spirit of a girl with no legs
Explanatory notes
References
Citations
Bibliography cited
Japanese bathroom ghosts
Japanese folklore
Yōkai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akaname |
The Electrophone was a distributed audio system that operated in the United Kingdom, primarily in London, between 1895 and 1925. Using conventional telephone lines, it relayed live theatre performances, music hall shows, and Sunday church services to subscribers who listened over special headsets. It ultimately failed due to the rise of radio broadcasting in the early 1920s.
History
The Electrophone was preceded by the similarly organized Théâtrophone system of Paris, France, which began operation in 1890. In 1894, Mr. H. S. J. Booth formed the Electrophone Company, Ltd. with an initial capitalization of £20,000, and the service began operations in London the next year, with Booth acting as the Managing Director. Initially the company operated under a licence issued by the National Telephone Company.
To pick up the programmes, multiple large carbon microphones were placed in the theatre footlights to pick up the sounds of the performers. In churches, the microphones were disguised to look similar to bibles. Home subscribers were issued headphones that connected to their standard telephone lines. The annual charge was £5, which limited its affordability to the well-to-do. Queen Victoria was a subscriber. In 1897 it was noted that coin-operated receivers had been installed in some hotels, which provided a few minutes of entertainment for a sixpence. Additional lines were installed, for free, for use by convalescing hospital patients.
A special manual switchboard, located at the Electrophone building in Pelican House on Gerrard Street, London, provided links to the participating entertainment establishments and churches. Subscribers called Electrophone operators to have their lines connected to the site they selected. Subscribers with two telephone lines could use the second line to make a request to change the site during the course of an evening. A 1906 advertisement stated that they could choose from among fourteen theatres — the Aldwych, Alhambra, Apollo, Daly's, Drury Lane, Empire, Gaiety, Lyric, Palace, Pavilion, Prince of Wales's, Savoy, Shaftesbury and Tivoli — in addition to concerts from the Queen's and Royal Albert Halls, and, on Sundays, services from fifteen churches.
In 1912, telephone operations were transferred to the control of the General Post Office. The Electrophone paid to the Postmaster General an annual fee of £25 plus a royalty of half a crown per subscriber. In 1920, the service received £11,868 from subscribers, with operating expenses of £5,866, including a £496 royalty payment to the Post Office. Theatres were paid 10 shillings annually for each connected subscriber.
Although fairly long-lived, the Electrophone never advanced beyond a limited audience. In 1896 there were just 50 subscribers, although this increased to over 1,000 by 1919, and just over 2,000 at its peak in 1923. However, competition due to the introduction of radio broadcasting resulted in a rapid decline, falling to 1,000 by November 1924. In early 1923 an Electrophone director was quoted as saying that "it would be a long time before broadcasting by wireless of entertainments and church services attained the degree of perfection now achieved by the electrophone." However, that proved to be overly optimistic, and as of June 30, 1925, the London Electrophone ceased operations. Note the use of the word "wireless" to refer to radio transmission, as opposed to the "hard wired" transmission of the Electrophone.
A second, much smaller, system was established in Bournemouth in 1903, but the maximum number of subscribers reached only 62 by 1924. This system was finally discontinued in 1938, after it was determined during the previous year that there were only two remaining subscribers.
See also
Telephone newspaper
References
External links
"Cable Radio — Victorian Style" by Denys Parsons, New Scientist, 30 December 1982, pages 794-797.
News and Entertainment by Telephone
BBC - The 19th Century iPhone
"The Pleasure Telephone" - BBC radio documentary
Information by telephone
Telephone newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophone%20%28information%20system%29 |
Joanna L. Laynesmith (née Chamberlayne) is a scholar of medieval studies, focusing on medieval queenship. Her book: The Last Medieval Queens: English Queenship 1445-1503 (Oxford University Press, , ) jointly won the Longman-History Today Book of the Year Prize in 2005 and the Women's History Network (UK) Book Prize in 2004.
She obtained her doctorate (her thesis on English queenship, 1445–1503) from University of York's Centre for Medieval Studies in 1999, and has taught at York, Reading and Oxford Universities.
She is married to the Reverend Mark Laynesmith (né Smith).
Publications
Books:
J. L. Laynesmith: The Last Medieval Queens: 1445-1503 (Oxford University Press, 2004)
J. L. Laynesmith: Cecily Duchess of York (Bloomsbury, 2017)
Articles:
J. L. Laynesmith: "The Piety of Cecily, Duchess of York" - in The Yorkist Age: Proceedings of the 2011 Harlaxton Symposium (2013)
J. L. Laynesmith: "The order, rules, and constructions of the house of the most excellent princess Cecily, duchess of York" - in Monarchy, State, and Political Culture in Late Medieval England: Essays in Honour of W. Mark Ormrod (2020)
External links
Women's History Network
Author's Website
British historians
Alumni of the University of York
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20L.%20Laynesmith |
Mohammad Noordin bin Sopiee (26 December 1944 – 29 December 2005) was a Malaysian academician born in Penang. He was the chairman and chief executive officer of Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS), a major think tank of Malaysia.
Biography
He married Puan Sri Shamsiah Hashim in 1968 and they have three sons: Johan, Shamsul and Amirul. On 29 December 2005, he died in Kuala Lumpur and was buried at Bukit Kiara Muslim Cemetery. Malaysia's top leaders and important figures attended his funeral and mourned his death. In numerous interviews given by his youngest son, Amirul, he said that he had learned a lot from his father who was a simple and enigmatic man. He would do anything for his country, said Amirul.
Throughout 1963, Sopiee ran a series of seminars pertaining to Indonesian threats to Malaysia in the sphere of psychological warfare.
Honour
Honour of Malaysia
: Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (P.S.M.) (1997)
References
Office, Information Research Department: Indonesia; Propaganda 'Radio' Broadcasts Following Attempted Coup. FCO 168/1668.The National Archives. London, Kew.
1944 births
2005 deaths
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Malaysian academics
People from Penang
Commanders of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Noordin%20Sopiee |
The discography of Nas, an American rapper, consists of seventeen studio albums, one collaborative album, one group album, five compilations, four mixtapes, one extended play, and seventy-nine singles (including twelve collaboration singles and thirty-three as a featured artist). Nas has sold over 20 million records in the United States alone, and 35 million albums worldwide.
The son of jazz musician Olu Dara, Nas dropped out of school during ninth grade and began his music career in 1991 with a guest performance on the song "Live at the Barbeque" by Main Source. In 1992, Nas featured on the MC Serch posse cut, “Back to the Grill”, alongside Chubb Rock and Red Hot Lover Tone, and later contributed the track, "Halftime" to the soundtrack to the film Zebrahead. Soon after, Nas signed to Columbia Records, where he released his debut album Illmatic in 1994. Including Nas's solo debut track "Halftime", Illmatic was certified double platinum in the US, spawned several singles including "It Ain't Hard to Tell" and "The World Is Yours", earning considerable critical acclaim.
With a more mainstream-oriented sound, Nas's second album It Was Written was released in 1996 and included the Lauryn Hill collaboration "If I Ruled the World (Imagine That)" and "Street Dreams", the latter of which reached number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number 1 on the Hot Rap Singles chart. It Was Written was later certified triple platinum. In 1999, Nas released two albums: I Am... and Nastradamus. I Am reached double platinum status like its preceding album It Was Written and spawned two singles that reached the top ten spots of the Hot Rap Singles chart, "Hate Me Now" and "Nas Is Like". While Nastradamus signaled a decrease in critical reception and sold only half as many units, it still featured two charting singles ("You Owe Me" and the title track), and was eventually certified platinum by the RIAA.
Nas released Stillmatic in 2001, with two singles that once again made the top ten spots of the Billboard rap chart, "Got Ur Self A..." and "One Mic". Nas's 2002 album God's Son included "I Can", his most successful single on the Hot 100 that charted at number 12 there. Nas's 2004 double album Street's Disciple, however, failed to produce any major charting singles. Nas then signed to Def Jam Recordings Def Jam label in 2006 and debuted on Def Jam with Hip Hop Is Dead, his third album to reach number 1 on the American Billboard 200 album chart. In 2008, Nas released an untitled album that he controversially almost titled Nigger. This album, along with its 2012 follow-up Life Is Good, both topped the Billboard 200.
In 2018, Nas released Nasir, an album produced by Kanye West as part of his so-called "Wyoming sessions". The 2020s then saw Nas release the King's Disease trilogy: the first instalment arrived in August 2020, the second arrived in August 2021 and the third was released in November 2022. Also in 2021, Nas surprise released the album Magic on Christmas Eve.
Nas has also participated in three non-solo albums. In 1997, he teamed up with rappers AZ, Cormega, Foxy Brown, and Nature to form supergroup The Firm, whose self-titled album reached the top of the Billboard 200 and included two modestly charting singles "Firm Biz" and "Phone Tap". With his new imprint Ill Will Records, Nas released in 2000 the collaborative compilation Nas & Ill Will Records Presents QB's Finest, which included "Da Bridge 2001" and "Oochie Wally". A few mixtapes were released, as well. In 2010, Nas and reggae singer Damian Marley released the collaborative studio album Distant Relatives. Among the singles in which Nas did guest performances, four of them reached the top ten of the Hot 100: "Hot Boyz" by Missy Elliott (whose remix also featured Lil' Mo, Eve, and Q-Tip), "Did You Ever Think" by R. Kelly, "Thank God I Found You (Make It Last Remix)" by Mariah Carey and "I'm Gonna Be Alright" by Jennifer Lopez. Nas has also appeared on singles and tracks by his ex-wife Kelis, Sean Combs, The Game, Ludacris, and Mobb Deep, among others.
Albums
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Mixtapes
Group albums
Collaborative albums
EPs
DVDs
Singles
As lead artist
Collaboration singles
As featured artist
Promotional singles
Other charted or certified songs
Guest appearances
Production discography
Music videos
As lead artist
As featured artist
Notes
References
External links
Hip hop discographies
Discographies of American artists
Discography | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nas%20discography |
Jamie Pollock (born 16 February 1974) is an English former football club chairman, manager and professional player. As a player he was a midfielder from 1990 to 2002. He played Premier League football for Middlesbrough, Bolton Wanderers and Manchester City. He also more than 300 appearances in the Football League also appearing for Crystal Palace and Birmingham City as well as a short spell in La Liga with CA Osasuna. From 2003 to 2007 he managed both Spennymoor United and Spennymoor Town.
Playing career
His career began at Middlesbrough where he played as a defensive midfielder. He left Middlesbrough in 1996 joining Spanish side CA Osasuna. After failing to make an impression in Spain he returned to England, signing for Bolton Wanderers. He later played for Manchester City, a team which then fell into what was then Division Two. Pollock scored an own goal in the penultimate game of the season, against Queens Park Rangers, where he flicked the ball over an opposing player before sending a looping header over his own goalkeeper. The own goal condemned Manchester City to relegation to the third tier for the first time, whilst keeping QPR in the division. As a result, a group of QPR fans thanked him by voting him the "most influential man of the past 2,000 years" in an internet poll, where "Jesus came second, apparently."
He was transferred to Crystal Palace and later spent a spell on loan to Birmingham City. On 1 March 2002, Pollock announced his retirement from professional football. He had been without a club since he left Crystal Palace by mutual consent. He was training with Grimsby Town but opted instead to play non-League football and become a director in his family's glass-making business.
Managerial career
Pollock was the manager of non-League club Spennymoor Town until 2007, after his previous club Spennymoor United folded in 2005. His Spennymoor side won the Northern League Division 2 title in 2007. He also coaches a Polton Allstars team that plays in the Teesside Junior Alliance – North Riding League.
Pollock took over as Billingham Synthonia manager at the start of the 2018–19 season. Synthonia finished 10th at the end of season. He stepped down as manager in August 2019 to focus more on his chairman role. In 2019 he set up Billingham Synthonia Football Academy. He stepped down as chairman of the club in July 2021.
Personal life
His sons Ben and Mattie also became professional footballers.
Honours
As a player
Middlesbrough
First Division: 1994–95
Bolton Wanderers
First Division: 1996–97
Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 1994–95 First Division
As a manager
Spennymoor Town
Northern League Division Two: 2006–07
References
External links
England profile at The Football Association
1974 births
Living people
English men's footballers
English football managers
England men's under-21 international footballers
Premier League players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
La Liga players
CA Osasuna players
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
England men's youth international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Spennymoor United A.F.C. managers
Spennymoor Town F.C. managers
Billingham Synthonia F.C. managers
Footballers from Stockton-on-Tees | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie%20Pollock |
The 16th Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Dortmund, West Germany, in 1966. During these championships, new elements were performed including a full-twisting piked dismount from high bar, a layout with full turn (rings), and a double somersault.
Results
Medals
Men
Team competition
All-around
Floor Exercise
Pommel Horse
Rings
Vault
Parallel Bars
Horizontal Bar
Women
Team competition
All-around
Vault
Uneven Bars
Balance Beam
Floor Exercise
References
Gymn Forum: World Championships Results
Gymnastics
World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
International gymnastics competitions hosted by West Germany
1966 in German sport
1966 in gymnastics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966%20World%20Artistic%20Gymnastics%20Championships |
Munson is a village in central Alberta, Canada. It is located 13 km north of the Town of Drumheller along Highway 9 and the Canadian National Railway tracks.
History
Prior to the end of World War I, Munson was the site of a Ukrainian Canadian internment camp where non-citizen immigrant prisoners laboured on the railway. The camp, which remained open until March 21, 1919, consisted of shelters made of railway cars.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Munson had a population of 170 living in 74 of its 82 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 192. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Munson recorded a population of 192 living in 82 of its 89 total private dwellings, a change from its 2011 population of 204. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of villages in Alberta
References
1911 establishments in Alberta
Villages in Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munson%2C%20Alberta |
John David Qualtrough Cannan (24 August, 1936 – 2022) was the Member of the House of Keys for Michael and Chairman of the Isle of Man Water Authority. He was the son of former Chaplain of the House of Keys, Rev Canon Charles Cannan. He was educated at King William's College and was a businessman in the tea and rubber industry before going into politics. In the 1970s he was a Conservative Party councillor in England before returning to the Isle of Man and becoming the Michael MHK in 1982. He was elected Speaker of the House of Keys in 2000, and remained as such until the 2001 General Election. He retired from the House of Keys at the 2011 General Election.
In 2006 he stood for Chief Minister of the Isle of Man, and then Speaker, but was unsuccessful in both.
Cannan was known to be a supporter of the British Crown in general and was against the move to rename the Lieutenant Governor to Crown Commissioner.
In 2021 Cannan’s son Alfred Cannan was elected as Chief Minister of the Isle of Man. David Cannan's death was announced on 1 August 2022.
Governmental positions
Minister of the Treasury, 1986–89
Chairman of the Financial Supervision Commission, 1987–89
Chairman of Isle of Man Water and Sewerage Authority, 2007–?
References
External links
Official BIography at the Parliament of the Isle of Man (PDF)
1936 births
2022 deaths
Manx politicians
Members of the House of Keys 1981–1986
Members of the House of Keys 1986–1991
Members of the House of Keys 1991–1996
Members of the House of Keys 1996–2001
Members of the House of Keys 2001–2006
Members of the House of Keys 2006–2011
People educated at King William's College
Conservative Party (UK) councillors
20th-century Manx politicians
21st-century Manx politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Cannan |
Shek Pik () is an area located along the southwestern coast of Lantau Island, Hong Kong. When the Shek Pik Reservoir was built, villages at Shek Pik were demolished and the villagers were relocated to other parts of Lantau Island and to Tsuen Wan. Below the dam of the reservoir is Shek Pik Prison.
Geography
Shek Pik was originally a north-south oriented valley, until all the upper part was filled by the water of the Shek Pik Reservoir, which was completed in 1963. Before the construction of the reservoir, the valley was settled by several villages and most of the valley floor and the foothills were occupied by terraced paddy fields. The southern part of Shek Pik is facing the South China Sea and features three small bays. From West to East: Tai Long Wan (), Chung Hau () and Tung Wan ().
Villages
A tradition mentions that a clan from Ma Tau Wai in Kowloon accompanied the last two young emperors to Lautau Island and finally settled in Shek Pik to avoid the Mongol invasion at the end of Southern Song (1127–1279). Based on the review of historic documents, the existence of village settlements at Shek Pik can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644), although the area may have been settled earlier.
Shek Pik is one of five villages of Lantau that were resettled when the coastal restriction of the Great Clearance was lifted in 1669. The other villages are Tung Sai Chung, Lo Pui O, Tai O and Mui Wo.
The village settlements at Shek Pik were largely self-sufficient farming and coastal fishing communities. The main village, Shek Pik Wai (), was located near the head of the main valley. A populous place in the mid-19th century, its population had declined to 363 inhabitants by the time of the 1911 Hong Kong Colony census, and numbered 202 in 1957. Fan Pui Village () had 59 inhabitants at each count.
The villages of Shek Pik Valley - Shek Pik, Fan Pui, Kong Pui () and the hamlet of Hang Tsai () - were demolished and cleared to allow construction of the Shek Pik Reservoir. A total of about 260 people were resettled as a consequence. Most of the villagers of Shek Pik Village moved into five-storey apartment blocks in the urban Shek Pik New Village () in Tsuen Wan. Most of the villagers of Fan Pui moved to a new village nearby, Tai Long Wan Tsuen () at Tai Long Wan, Shek Pik. Some families from both villages moved to a row of houses near Mui Wo Ferry Pier.
The villagers of Fan Pui had chosen to move to the nearby new rural village of Tai Long Wan Tsuen in order to continue farming. Remodeling long abandoned fields allowed to provide them with about the same acreage of rice fields near the new village. Tai Long Wan had a population of about 120 people in 1970. By 1983, with the younger villagers moving to the city, the population had declined to 22 and most of the farming activity had ceased.
Tai Long Wan is a recognized village under the New Territories Small House Policy.
Rock carvings
Rock carvings from the neolithic age were found by Chen Kung-chiek in Shek Pik in 1939 when the local villagers told him there was an engraved carving on the upper part of the beach and to the west of Tung Wan. There was the second carving found on the opposite side of the valley. It has been split into two parts by lightning and the rock is now lying face down so the carving can not be seen.
According to the local villagers, there is the third carving further up the valley. This carving, (later called "the upper Shek Pik Rock Carving" to distinguish it from the one found on the Shek Pik Beach) was found on a steep slope in Shek Pik in 1962. The carving is at above sea level.
The Lower Shek Pik Rock Carving, located about 300m from the coastline, was listed as a declared monument of Hong Kong in 1979.
Temples
A Hau Wong Temple used to be the focal point of the village life at Shek Pik. It was inundated by the Shek Pik Reservoir in 1960. A Hung Shing Temple was located at Chung Hau. It was ruined as in 1979. A new temple was built in 1960 at Tai Long Wan.
Prison and detention centre
Two institutions operated by the Correctional Services Department are located at Chung Hau and Shek Pik: the Sha Tsui Detention Centre and the Shek Pik Prison. Sha Tsui Detention Centre is a minimum security institution for male young offenders. It was established in 1972. Shek Pik Prison is a maximum security institution, housing male adults serving medium to long-term sentences, including life imprisonment. It was established in 1984.
Others
The Hong Kong Red Cross Shek Pik Camp, opened in 1968, is located at Tung Wan. The Shek Pik Tung Wan Beach () is located nearby. There is also a beach at Tai Long Wan.
Access
The area can be reached from Tai O via Tai O Road and Keung Shan Road, and from Mui Wo via South Lantau Road.
Shek Pik is located at the end of Stage 8 and at the beginning of Stage 9 of the Lantau Trail.
References
Further reading
External links
Delineation of area of existing village Tai Long Wan (Tai O) for election of resident representative (2019 to 2022)
Details about the Shek Pik Tung Wan Archaeological Site
Declared monuments of Hong Kong | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shek%20Pik |
The term aero-engined refers to a vehicle other than an aircraft that is powered by an aircraft engine:
Aero-engined boat (such as Miss England I and Miss Britain III)
Aero-engined car
Aero-engined train (including turbojet trains such as the M-497 Black Beetle) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aero-engined |
Goulart is a Portuguese-language surname of French roots, common in Portugal and Brazil (with a variant spelled Gularte). There is also a variant from Hoeilart, which is a Flemish surname popular in the Azores Islands and adapted to Portuguese as Goulart.
Notable people with the surname include:
Alexandre Goulart (born 1976), Brazilian footballer
Gefferson da Silva Goulart (born 1978), Brazilian footballer
Izabel Goulart (born 1984), Brazilian model
João Goulart (1918–1976), Brazilian politician and president
Luiz Bombonato Goulart (born 1975), Brazilian footballer
Maria Teresa Fontela Goulart (born 1940), former Brazilian first lady
Mário Goulart Lino, Portuguese footballer
Paulo Goulart (1933–2014), Brazilian actor
Ricardo Goulart (born 1991), Brazilian-born Chinese footballer
Ron Goulart (1933–2022), American writer and critic
Simon Goulart (1543–1628), French Reformed theologian
Walter de Souza Goulart (1912–1951), Brazilian footballer
See also
Evelina M. Goulart (schooner), fishing schooner
Portuguese-language surnames
French-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goulart |
William P. Fralic Jr. ( ) (October 31, 1962 – December 13, 2018) was an American professional football player who was a guard for the Atlanta Falcons and Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL) from 1985 to 1993. He played college football for the Pittsburgh Panthers.
Early years
Born in Penn Hills, Pennsylvania, Fralic played high school football at Penn Hills High School and graduated in 1981. Readers of the Pennsylvania Football News named him to the "All Century" team of Pennsylvania high school football players. He is listed beside Chuck Bednarik and Mike Munchak as a first-team offensive lineman. Fralic was named the male high school athlete of the year by the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
College
After high school, the highly recruited Fralic attended the University of Pittsburgh on a football scholarship. While at Pitt, he played offensive tackle for the Panthers and was named a consensus All-American his junior and senior seasons. He was known for the 'Pancake Block' which was termed for the way he would flatten his opponents when blocking. Fralic's teammates at Pitt included future Hall of Famers tackle Jimbo Covert and quarterback Dan Marino.
NFL career
In the 1985 NFL Draft, Fralic was selected by the Atlanta Falcons in the first round with the second overall pick. He became a starter for the Falcons at offensive guard during his rookie season. Fralic went on to be named All-Pro in 1986 and 1987, and was named to the Pro Bowl from 1986 to 1989. During this time, the , Fralic developed a reputation as a ferocious run blocker.
At the end of his NFL career, Fralic was one of the first players to take advantage of the new free agent system and jumped from the Falcons to the Detroit Lions, almost doubling his pay to $1.6 million for the 1993 season. The 1989 action figure of Fralic, from the Starting Lineup Kenner toy line, is the 'Holy Grail' for collectors. As of 2020, a loose figure (not in the package) can fetch as much as $900 US dollars. The trading card that came with the figure is worth $200-$300.
Professional wrestling and color commentary
In 1986, Fralic was one of six football players in the twenty-man battle royal at WrestleMania 2, in which Andre the Giant was the victor. Leading up to the bout, Fralic's interviews pitted him as a rival to Big John Studd.
Fralic co-hosted the April 25, 1992 episode of WCW Saturday Night with Jim Ross and said he was weighing his options between joining WCW or going back to the NFL for the 1992 season. Fralic ultimately left the Atlanta Falcons, signed as a free agent with the Detroit Lions, and did not pursue pro wrestling.
He briefly returned to the World Wrestling Federation on July 4, 1993, to participate in the Stars and Stripes Challenge aboard the , trying to bodyslam the 550-pound WWF champion, Yokozuna.
Fralic was a color commentator for Falcons radio broadcasts from 1995 to 1997, and commentated Pittsburgh Panther broadcasts from 2004 to 2010.
Personal life and death
Fralic died at the age of 56 on December 13, 2018 from cancer.
During his NFL career, Fralic publicly opposed the use of steroids by NFL players and advocated more rigorous and more random testing to detect steroid use. In May 1989, he testified before the U.S. Senate that steroid use in the NFL was rampant. The chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee at the time, Sen. Joe Biden of Delaware, was said to have found Fralic's testimony "refreshing and believable."
In Atlanta, Fralic ran Bill Fralic Insurance Services, which he began during his playing days with the Falcons in 1989.
Fralic had an unusual provision in his first contract with the Falcons that guaranteed that the team would pay him $150,000 per year for 40 years, even after he was no longer with the Falcons and his playing career was over. This provision came about because Fralic's father, Bill Fralic Sr., insisted that his son have security in his contract.
References
External links
The Pennsylvania Football News All-Century Team Retrieved 2009-05-01.
'We Can Clean It Up' Atlanta Falcon Bill Fralic is making it his business to rid the NFL of steroids Retrieved 2009-05-01.
Perils Of A New Era Retrieved 2009-05-01.
Fralic not surprised by recent allegations Retrieved 2009-05-01.
1962 births
2018 deaths
All-American college football players
American football offensive guards
Atlanta Falcons announcers
Atlanta Falcons players
College football announcers
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Detroit Lions players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
National Football League announcers
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh
Players of American football from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh Panthers football players
Players of American football from Pittsburgh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Fralic |
The Bill Graham Civic Auditorium (formerly San Francisco Civic Auditorium and San Francisco Exposition Auditorium) is a multi-purpose arena in San Francisco, California, named after promoter Bill Graham. The arena holds 8,500 people.
About the venue
The auditorium was designed by renowned Bay Area architects John Galen Howard, Frederick Herman Meyer and John W. Reid Jr. and built in 1915 as part of the Panama–Pacific International Exposition. The auditorium hosted the 1920 Democratic National Convention, the San Francisco Opera from 1923 to 1932 and again for the 1996 season, and the National AAU boxing trials in 1948. It was the home of the San Francisco Warriors of the National Basketball Association from 1964 to 1967. An underground expansion, named Brooks Hall, was completed in 1958 under the Civic Center Plaza, immediately north of the Civic Auditorium. The famous Mother of All Demos was presented here during the 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference, and the World Cyber Games 2004 were also held here.
In 1992, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors voted to rename the auditorium after the rock concert impresario Bill Graham, who had died the previous year in a helicopter crash.
Long before Bill Graham came along, James T. Graham (no relation) managed the Civic Auditorium from 1954 to 1970 and booked some of the biggest names in show business there. During Jim Graham's tenure, the Civic Auditorium hosted Elvis Presley (October 26, 1957), Judy Garland (September 13, 1961), Ray Charles, the Tijuana Brass, Donovan, the Jefferson Airplane (June 4, 1966), the Mamas and the Papas (October 10, 1966), The Temptations and Gladys Knight & the Pips (January 26, 1968), Jose Feliciano, Bobby Darin and more, which prompted San Francisco Chronicle columnist Herb Caen to opine that the Board of Supervisors had named the Civic Auditorium after the wrong Graham (January 12, 1993).
Jim Graham signed the Warriors to a contract at the Civic in 1962 when they first moved from Philadelphia to San Francisco. The Warriors would play their first few seasons at the Civic before they moved to the Cow Palace, a larger venue. Jim Graham was manager of the Auditorium when Brooks Hall was built as an adjacent, underground convention center. He also managed Brooks Hall after its dedication on April 11, 1958, and booked American Medical Association conventions, the Harvest Festival, the San Francisco Gift Show and more.
Under Jim Graham's management, the Civic Auditorium also hosted Barnum & Bailey circuses, the San Francisco Roller Derby, Golden Gloves Boxing matches, professional wrestling, Holiday on Ice, the Ice Capades, car shows, the International Dog Show, the Black and White Ball and the Folderol. In addition, President Dwight D. Eisenhower spoke there on August 23, 1956, on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Republican Party, and a fundraising gala was held there on June 1, 1968, for Democratic presidential hopeful Senator Robert F. Kennedy, four days before he was assassinated in Los Angeles. At the time, the Civic Auditorium was ground zero in San Francisco for conventions and entertainment events. There were no other major venues for large gatherings outside of the Cow Palace, which was considered ill-equipped for such events (despite the fact that it was larger).
Later, the Civic Auditorium arena would continue to host concerts by many other famous artists, spanning many different genres. It is owned by the City and County of San Francisco and since 2010 has been operated by Another Planet Entertainment.
Concerts
See also
List of convention centers in the United States
List of tennis stadiums by capacity
References
Civic Center, San Francisco
Convention centers in California
Entertainment venues in San Francisco
Music venues in San Francisco
Sports venues in San Francisco
Basketball venues in California
Former National Basketball Association venues
Boxing venues in California
Tennis venues in California
Buildings and structures completed in 1915
Event venues established in 1915
1915 establishments in California
John Galen Howard buildings
NWA San Francisco
Esports venues in California
Civic Auditorium
San Francisco Warriors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Graham%20Civic%20Auditorium |
The Island Garden Arena was a 5,200-seat arena in West Hempstead, New York. It was built in 1957 by Arnold "Whitey" Carlson, a descendant of Swedish immigrants. Carlson's grandfather was Henrik Carlson, a noted San Diego sculptor who was the Foreign Art Director for the San Diego Exposition (now Balboa Park).
Over the years, concert acts such as Cream, the Dave Clark Five, Louis Armstrong, The Byrds, The Jeff Beck Group, The Rascals, Sly and the Family Stone, Duke Ellington, Joan Baez, Procol Harum, Johnny Cash and Bob Dylan performed at the venue. The Island Garden Arena also hosted boxing matches, professional wrestling, circuses, rodeos, stamp shows, midget car racing, and boat shows.
The arena hosted the New York Nets of the American Basketball Association from 1969 to 1972. The Nets were unable to play any home playoff games in 1971 because the arena was booked with other events; they played one home playoff game at Hofstra University, and two at Madison Square Garden's Felt Forum. In 1971–72, the Nets posted their first winning season, advancing all the way to the 1972 ABA Finals, where they lost to the Indiana Pacers. Late in the season, the team moved from the Island Garden into the new Nassau Coliseum. In 1976, the Nets were admitted into the National Basketball Association, moved to New Jersey, and eventually becoming today's Brooklyn Nets.
The arena was partially demolished in 1973, unable to compete with Nassau Coliseum. A shopping center was built on that portion of the site. The remaining portion of the structure was rebuilt into a youth basketball venue in 1998. It has three courts for simultaneous gameplay or practice. Today, the location of Island Garden is 45 Cherry Valley Avenue, West Hempstead.
References
See also
American Basketball Association venues
Basketball venues in New York (state)
Sports venues in Long Island
Defunct basketball venues in the United States
Defunct indoor arenas in New York (state)
Sports venues in Hempstead, New York
Sports venues in Nassau County, New York
Defunct sports venues in New York (state)
1998 establishments in New York (state)
Sports venues completed in 1998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%20Garden |
Nampa is a village in northern Alberta, Canada. It is south of the Town of Peace River on Highway 2. Heart River crosses the Highway 2 just north of community. Canadian National Railway owned railway traverses the village. Nampa is an Indigenous word for 'the Place'.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Nampa had a population of 367 living in 168 of its 189 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 364. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Nampa recorded a population of 364 living in 156 of its 176 total private dwellings, a change from its 2011 population of 362. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
Economy
The economy of Nampa is significantly dependent on agriculture and associated services. Great Northern Grain Terminals, a privately owned and operated grain company that was established in 1986 has a 77,200 MT terminal in Nampa. Peace River Timothy Processing Plant operates a timothy hay growing, harvesting, baling, dehydrating and double compression plant in the community. The plant specializes double compressed timothy hay for export to Asian markets such as Japan. Nampa Co Op Seed Processors provide seed cleaning services.
Forestry and oil and gas industries are also a part of the Village of Nampa economy. Boucher Brothers Lumber Mill near Nampa produces dimensional lumber between 1x3 to 2x10 in lengths for Alberta construction market. Lying adjacent to the Peace River Oilsands, Nampa also sees some oil and gas activity.
Government
The Village of Nampa is governed by a mayor (Perry Skrlik), deputy mayor (Dale Gach) and three councillors who meet once a month. It is currently located in the Peace River Federal Electoral District, and as such is represented by Chris Warkentin; in the next federal election it will become part of the new riding of Peace River—Westlock.
Recreation and attractions
The Nampa Recreation Centre is the main centre for the community and recreation activities in the community. The facility contains a curling rink, an arena, a dance hall and several conference rooms. Mill Brown Memorial Park has camping and picnic facilities in addition to having baseball diamonds, tennis courts and a creative children's playground. Other facilities include:
Nampa Centennial Playground
Legacy Park
Nampa and District Pioneer Museum is open during the summer and serves a tourist information centre
Parks and recreational areas in close proximity to the community of Nampa include Wilderness Park
The Heart River Golf Course is just north of the village. Green Valley Provincial Park to the northeast in the Heart River valley extends from Nampa to the Town of Peace River providing an important corridor for wildlife.
Education
Nampa Public School provides education for students from Kindergarten to grade 6. Secondary school students are transported to the Town of Peace River.
Media
Nampa is served bi-weekly by alternative newspaper The Vault Magazine.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of villages in Alberta
References
External links
1958 establishments in Alberta
Villages in Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nampa%2C%20Alberta |
The Sunbeam 1000 HP Mystery, or "The Slug", is a land speed record-breaking car built by the Sunbeam car company of Wolverhampton that was powered by two aircraft engines. It was the first car to travel at over 200 mph. The car's last run was a demonstration circuit at Brooklands, running at slow speed on only one engine. It is today on display at the National Motor Museum, Beaulieu.
Design
Louis Coatalen's Automobiles Talbot-Darracq team was short of funds and so little new development was possible. The engines were a pair of Sunbeam Matabele 22.4 litre aircraft engines, previously used in a powerboat. Although best known as the "1000 HP" car, its actual power was closer to 900 hp (670 kW). One engine was mounted ahead of the driver, one behind. The rear engine was started first by compressed air, then the front engine was started through a mechanical friction clutch. Once synchronised, they were locked together with a dog clutch for the record attempt.
The car was designed by Captain Jack Irving, having new features such as all-enveloping bodywork that assisted aerodynamics. The car also had specially-made tyres capable of withstanding 200 mph, although only rated for 3½ minutes at these speeds. One more primitive feature was the final drive to the rear axle using a pair of chains. Only weeks before the record attempt, it was speculated that J. G. Parry-Thomas had been decapitated when a similar chain in his car Babs had broken at speed. Later investigation of the recovered wreckage suggested instead that the rear right-hand wheel had failed, overturning Babs. Although the Sunbeam's chains were enclosed below an armoured steel housing, these covers had been designed from the beginning, they were not added after Parry-Thomas' accident.
Record
The Sunbeam 1000 HP was the first non-American car to run on Daytona Beach for a land speed record attempt. On 29 March 1927, Henry Segrave drove the car to a new land speed record of 203.79 miles per hour (327.97 km/h), the first car to reach a speed over 200 mph (320 km/h).
See also
Silver Bullet (car)
References
Bibliography
Notes
External links
Contemporary cut-away side illustration, possibly from The Autocar
National Motor Museum, Beaulieu
Wheel-driven land speed record cars
1000 hp
Cars powered by aircraft engines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunbeam%201000%20hp |
, better known by her stage name Lisa (stylized as LISA), is a Japanese singer, songwriter and producer. In 1998, she debuted as a member of the Japanese urban contemporary group M-Flo with Verbal and Taku Takahashi. In 2002, she left the band in order to pursue a solo project and released seven albums as a soloist. In December 2017, she rejoined as a member of M-Flo.
Biography
Early life, M-Flo
Lisa was born in Tokyo in 1974, to a Colombian mother and Japanese father. As a child, Lisa was often bullied due to her mixed race heritage, as mixed race children were still uncommon in the 1970s and 80s in Japan. She attended two international schools in Tokyo: the Seisen International School and the American School in Japan. Lisa found solace in music in her school choir, which grew her interest in music and was often the only reason she would come to school.
At the age of 18, Lisa debuted as a singer, with the single "Out of Cry" (1993) released through Tokuma Japan Communications. In 1994, Lisa collaborated with former Mute Beat keyboardist and producer Hiroyuki Asamoto's project Ram Jam World under the moniker Chica Colombiana, releasing an album of Latin and reggae inspired music in English, Spanish and Japanese. Later in 1994, Lisa changed labels for her solo career to Kitty Enterprises and released the single "Sea of the Stars", which was used as the third opening theme song for the anime Legend of the Galactic Heroes. Lisa continued to work with Ram Jam World, including on their album Rough and Ready (1997) and extended play Sekai (1998). Between 1993 and 1998, Lisa changed management companies and music labels 10 times, and found that the companies were more interested in providing her songs written by veteran songwriters than showing any interest in the music she wrote, which Lisa found disheartening.
In 1998, Lisa began collaborating with Taku Takahashi and Verbal, two former classmates of hers from high school. Takahashi and Verbal held dance parties, which Lisa used to attend and improvise vocals during Takahashi and Verbal's performances. In 1998, Takahashi began professionally working as a producer and a remixer, after being pushed towards making music by entering a TV music competition. Takahashi's first project was to release a cover of Barbra Streisand's "The Way We Were", featuring vocals by Ceybil Jeffries and Verbal. One of the group's early songs was "Been So Long", which included Lisa as a featured vocalist, was highly praised by Masaji Asakawa from the DJ group GTS, which lead to the formation of M-Flo as a three-person group. "The Way We Were" was released as an independent single and sold out almost immediately. Because of the strong response to the single, they asked Lisa if she wanted to join their project as a full-time member, "Been So Long" was released as an independent single in December 1998. After promotion though radio stations such as J-Wave, the single was even more successful, which lead to the band signing a contract with Avex Trax, and in 1999 the group released their major label debut single The Tripod E.P. (featuring "Been So Long" as one of the single's A-sides). The single was a success, reaching number nine on the Oricon singles chart.
Between 1999 and 2001, the band saw great success with their albums Planet Shining (2000) and Expo Expo (2001) and singles such as "LOT (Love or Truth)" (1999) (the theme song of the Ai Kato-starring drama Best Friend), "How You Like Me Now?" (2000) and "Come Again" (2001). Songs from the sessions of these albums featured vocals by Lisa on most songs, including three songs featuring Lisa alone without rap from Verbal ("Come Back to Me" (1999), "One Sugar Dream" (2000) and "Yours Only," (2001)).
Solo debut
In January 2002, Lisa released her solo debut single "Move On", which reached number seven on Oricon's single charts, and is currently Lisa's most sold single. In April of the same year she announced that she was leaving M-Flo to focus on herself as an artist and as a singer-songwriter, deciding to do this at the peak of M-Flo's popularity. In late May, Lisa released her first single away from M-Flo, "Babylon no Kiseki", a rock collaboration with Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra. In April 2003, Lisa released her debut album Juicy Music, which reached number five on Oricon's albums chart. Between 2003 and 2004, Lisa wrote three songs for R&B singer Koda Kumi's albums Grow into One (2003) and Feel My Mind (2004). Koda, alongside pop/rap group Heartsdales, was also featured on Lisa's single "Switch", which was the leading single from Lisa's second album Gratitude (2004).
M-Flo's albums subsequent to Lisa's departure were inspired by American hip-hop group The Neptunes' method of collaborating with vocalists, while continuing to release music under their own name. Even after Lisa left the group, the trio remained friends, and in 2005 for the group's album Beat Space Nine, Lisa returned to work with M-Flo on the song "Tripod Baby". Lisa agreed to sing on the album due to a gap in her schedule, and recorded the song together with Takahashi and Verbal in June 2005, two months before the album's release. For the song, Verbal stated that they had wanted to recapture the "groove" of working together as a three-person band.
In 2006, Lisa released an R&B concept album God Sista (2006), as well as her third original album Elizabeth (2006). Neither release charted in the top 40 in Japan. In 2007, Lisa's first greatest hits album Lisabest: Mission on Earth 9307 reached number 28 - her first top 40 release since 2004.
Between 2008 and 2009, Lisa released the luxury disco series: two extended plays and one studio album of primarily dance music, culminating in her fourth original album Disco Volante. During this period, Lisa collaborated with the members of M-Flo often: "Bad Men!" (2008) and "Falling for You..." (2009) from the luxury disco series was co-written with M-Flo member, and Lisa featured on M-Flo's songs "Love Comes and Goes" from Award Supernova: Loves Best (2008) and "Sound Boy Thriller" from MF10: 10th Anniversary Best (2009). Lisa was a featured vocalist for a song the Ravex project (a dance music project collaboration between Shinichi Osawa, Tomoyuki Tanaka and Takahashi), and Lisa and Takahashi worked together co-writing music: "Sweet Rishi Boy" (2009) for rock musician Anna Tsuchiya, and two songs from the 2010 anime Panty & Stocking with Garterbelt'''s soundtrack.
In 2012, Lisa released her studio album Family, which featured collaborations with Jamosa and Kotaro Oshio, however the release did not chart in the top 300 albums. After this album, Lisa's contract with her management Artimage expired.
M-Flo revival
In 2016, Lisa returned to music, collaborating with Taku Takahashi on several projects: Avex Nico presents Kid's Songs Vol. 1, a Takahashi-produced album of children's songs sung in English, two songs co-written songs for the boyband NEWS, and an appearance on the drama Hito wa Mitame ga 100 Percent original soundtrack. In 2016 and 2017, Lisa started performed concerts alongside Takahashi and Verbal. As they all enjoyed the experience, they decided to reunite as a three-member band, and in March 2018 released "The Tripod EP 2".
Artistry
Lisa considers Cyndi Lauper, Madonna and Whitney Houston her musical influences. For her solo debut, Lisa was inspired by Madonna's focus on overseeing all aspects of music production.
Discography Juicy Music (2003)Gratitude (2004)Melody Circus (2005)God Sista (2006)Elizabeth (2006)Disco Volante (2009)Family'' (2012)
References
External links
1974 births
Living people
Japanese women pop singers
Japanese people of Colombian descent
Avex Group artists
M-Flo members
Musicians from Setagaya
American School in Japan alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%20%28Japanese%20musician%2C%20born%201974%29 |
Stephen Stubbs (born 1951) is a lutenist and music director and has been a leading figure in the American early music scene for nearly thirty years.
Born in Seattle, he studied harpsichord and composition at the University of Washington where, at the same time, he began playing the harpsichord and the lute. He left America after graduation to study the instrument in England and Holland and gave his debut concert in London's Wigmore Hall in 1976. From 1981 to 2013, Stubbs taught at the University of the Arts Bremen in Germany. In 2013, he became an artist in residence at the University of Washington in Seattle. He has performed extensively with his ensembles Tragicomedia and Teatro Lirico, and conducted baroque operas worldwide. He has recorded numerous albums with other famous ensembles like the Hilliard Ensemble and with Andrew Lawrence-King.
He moved back to Seattle in 2006. There he established the Seattle Academy of Baroque Opera, the Pacific MusicWorks early music performance series, and is an adjunct professor at Cornish College of the Arts. He is artistic co-director (with Paul O'Dette) of the Boston Early Music Festival.
On February 8, 2015, Stubbs won a Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording for: Charpentier: La descente d'Orphée aux enfers H 488 & La Couronne de fleurs H.486, Paul O'Dette & Stephen Stubbs, conductors; Aaron Sheehan; Renate Wolter-Seevers, producer (Boston Early Music Festival Chamber Ensemble; Boston Early Music Festival Vocal Ensemble). In 2013, he recorded : Charpentier’s Actéon H.481, La Pierre Philosophale H.501 and in 2019 Les Plaisirs de Versailles H.480, Les Arts Florissants H.487.
Selected Recordings
Johann Georg Conradi, Ariadne, Boston Early music Festival Orchestra & Chorus, conducted by Paul O'Dette & Stephen Stubbs 3 CDs CPO 2004
Jean-Baptiste Lully, Thésée, Boston Early Festival Vocal & Chamber Ensembles, conducted by Paul O'Dette & Stephen Stubbs 3 CDs CPO 2007
Jean-Baptiste Lully, Psyché, Boston Early Festival Orchestra & Chorus, conducted by Paul O'Dette & Stephen Stubbs 3 CDs CPO 2007
Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Actéon H.481, La Pierre Philososphale H.501, Boston Early Festival Vocal & Chamber Ensembles, conducted by Paul O'Dette e& Stephen Stubbs CD CPO 2010
John Blow, Vénus et Adonis, Boston Early Festival Vocal & Chamber Ensembles, conducted by Paul O'Dette & Stephen Stubbs CD CPO 2011
Marc-Antoine Charpentier, La Descente d'Orphée aux Enfers H.488, La Couronne de fleurs H.486, Boston Early Festival Vocal & Chamber Ensembles, conducted by Paul O'Dette et Stephen Stubbs CD CPO 2013
Johann Sebastiani, Matthäus Passion, Boston Early music Festival Chamber Ensemble, conducted by Paul O'Dette & Stephen Stubbs CD CPO 2007
George Frideric Handel, Acis and Galatea, Boston Early Music Festival Vocal & Chamber Ensembles, conducted by Paul O'Dette & Stephen Stubbs 2 CDs CPO 2013
Agostino Stefanni, Niobe Regina di Tebe, Boston early Music Festival Orchestra, conducted by Paul O'Dette et Stephen Stubbs 3 CDs CPO 2015
Agostino Stefanni, Duets of Love and Passion, Boston Early music Festival Chamber Ensemble, conducted by Paul O'Dette & Stephen Stubbs CD CPO 2017
George Frideric Handel, Almira, Boston Early Music Festival Orchestra, conducted by Paul O'Dette & Stephen Stubbs 4 CDs CPO 2018
Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Les Plaisirs de Versailles H.480, Les Arts Florissants H.487, Boston Early Festival Vocal & Chamber Ensembles, conducted by Paul O'Dette & Stephen Stubbs CD CPO 2019
Michel-Richard de Lalande, Les Fontaines de Versailles, Le Concert d'Esculape, Boston Early Festival Vocal & Chamber Ensembles, conducted by Paul O'Dette & Stephen Stubbs CD CPO 2020
References
American performers of early music
American lutenists
Living people
1951 births
Cornish College of the Arts faculty
Academic staff of the University of the Arts Bremen
Grammy Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Stubbs |
The M94 Group (Canes I Group or Canes Venatici I Group) is a loose, extended group of galaxies located about 13 million light-years away in the constellations Canes Venatici and Coma Berenices. The group is one of many groups that lies within the Virgo Supercluster (i.e. the Local Supercluster) and one of the closest groups to the Local Group.
Although the galaxies in this cluster appear to be from a single large cloud-like structure, many of the galaxies within the group are only weakly gravitationally bound, and some have not yet formed stable orbits around the center of this group. Instead, most of the galaxies in this group appear to be moving with the expansion of the universe.
Members
The table below lists galaxies that have been consistently identified as group members in the Nearby Galaxies Catalog, the Lyons Groups of Galaxies (LGG) Catalog, and the three group lists created from the Nearby Optical Galaxy sample of Giuricin et al.
Additionally, NGC 4105 and DDO 169 are frequently but not consistently identified as members of this group in the references cited above.
The brightest member in this galaxy group is questionable and partly depends on the analysis used to determine group members. The LGG Catalog identifies M106 as part of this group, which would make it the brightest galaxy within the group. However, the other catalogs cited above do not identify M106 as a group member, in which case M94 would be the brightest galaxy within the group.
Canes Venatici Cloud
This galaxy group is sometimes erroneously called the Canes Venatici Cloud, a larger structure of which it is a member. A galaxy cloud is a supercluster substructure. The CVn Cloud used in this manner is identified by Tully and de Vaucoleurs.
See also
M96 Group
Sculptor Group
Canes II Group (CVn II Group)
References
External links
Galaxy clusters
Virgo Supercluster
Canes Venatici
Coma Berenices | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M94%20Group |
The Toyota Coliseum, formerly the State Fair Coliseum, is an indoor arena in Geddes, New York. It hosted the Syracuse Nationals from 1946 to 1951 as well as the Syracuse Stars of the American Hockey League. It also served as a temporary home to the Syracuse Orange men's basketball team following the burning of their on-campus gymnasium, Archbold Gymnasium, in 1947 until the opening of the Onondaga County War Memorial in 1951. The arena held 7,500 people and was built in 1927. It is owned by the State of New York under the Great New York State Fair. After undergoing renovations, the seating capacity was reduced to 3,600 and is now primarily used for horse shows. Much of the previous infrastructure, including the scoreboard and announcers booth, are still in place.
References
Basketball venues in New York (state)
Former National Basketball Association venues
Sports venues in Syracuse, New York
Sports venues in Onondaga County, New York
Syracuse Orange basketball
Philadelphia 76ers
National Basketball League (United States) venues
1927 establishments in New York (state)
Sports venues completed in 1927
Defunct college basketball venues in the United States
Indoor ice hockey venues in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota%20Coliseum |
CIU may refer to:
Crash Investigation Unit, an Australian factual television program
Working Men's Club and Institute Union, an association of social clubs in the United Kingdom
Chippewa County International Airport in Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan (IATA Code: CIU)
Columbia International University, a Bible college and seminary in Columbia, South Carolina
Cyprus International University, Cyprus, North Cyprus
Cape plc, a construction company listed in the Alternative Investment Market under ticker CIU
Customs and Immigration Union (Canada)
Chronic idiopathic urticaria, also known as hives
Collective investment undertaking, another term for an investment fund
Conviction Integrity Unit, a division of a prosecutorial office, working to prevent, identify, and remedy false convictions
Cédula de Identidad de Uruguay, the Uruguayan identity card
Convergència i Unió, a Catalan political party | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIU |
Joseph Maurice Leo "Moe" Benoit (July 26, 1932 – December 10, 2013) was a Canadian professional hockey defenceman.
Benoit was born in Valleyfield, Quebec and started playing professional hockey in 1948 for the Montreal Royals. After a five-year break he began playing again for the Trois-Rivières Lions. He had successful seasons with the Belleville McFarlands—the 1959 Team Canada that won the World Championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia. and also played for the Kingston Frontenacs in the late fifties. Benoit helped the Canadian Olympic Hockey Team get the silver medal in the 1960 Winter Olympics.
After his Olympic success he moved to the United States, where he was a player (and also a coach) for the Omaha Knights and Toledo Blades. In 1966 Benoit joined the Dayton Gems with whom he played until his retirement in 1970. He won Turner Cup twice—with the Blades in 1964, as the player-coach, and with the Gems in 1969, also sharing IHL 1968-69 best defenceman award with his teammate Alain Beaulé. Benoit also coached numerous youth hockey teams in Dayton throughout the 1970s. Benoit was inducted into the Dayton Hockey Hall of Fame in 1973 and died December 10, 2013 in Dayton, Ohio.
External links
"Gems stars biography"
Maurice Benoit's obituary
1932 births
2013 deaths
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
French Quebecers
Ice hockey players at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Salaberry-de-Valleyfield
Medalists at the 1960 Winter Olympics
Olympic ice hockey players for Canada
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Quebec Senior Hockey League players
Trois-Rivières Lions (1955–1960) players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Omaha Knights (IHL) players
Toledo Blades players
Dayton Gems players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Benoit |
Julie's Haircut is an Italian neo-psychedelic rock group formed in Emilia between Modena and Reggio Emilia in 1994. They sing in English.
Biography
Active since the late nineties, Julie's Haircut is a band originally formed in Sassuolo, northern Italy. Their debut album “Fever in the funk house” (Gammapop, 1999), a strange mixture of garage rock, noisy psychedelia and pop melodies was hailed at by the critics as one of the best debuts in Italian indie rock and was included in the top 50 Italian albums of the 90's by the magazine Rumore. The follow-up “Stars never looked so bright” (Gammapop, 2001) mixed these elements with a more soulful approach, mirroring the love for 60's black music nurtured by the band. In 2003, after switching to Homesleep Records Julie's Haircut released their third album “Adult situations”, the first to be internationally distributed. Here, melody and odd psychedelia mingle in a more personal way. By 2005 the music of Julie's Haircut has moved towards more experimental grounds, focusing on improv and sound research, without losing touch with the groove and melody that characterized their music since day one. The result is their fourth album “After dark, my sweet” (Homesleep, 2006), featuring former Spacemen 3 Sonic Boom, acclaimed as one of the best alternative Italian albums of the year and included in the top 20 psychedelic Italian albums of all time by the magazine Il Mucchio. In 2006 they also functioned as “sound carriers” for some performances of former Can singer Damo Suzuki, thus entering the Damo Suzuki Network and consolidating a warm and ongoing relationship with the Japanese/German artist. The collaboration with Sonic Boom also resulted in the release, in 2007, of the EP "N-Waves/U-Waves", including studio jams with the English musician. In 2009 the double album "Our Secret Ceremony" was released by A Silent Place. A new 10” single, featuring cover versions of Alejandro Jodorowsky’s The Tarot, from “The Holy Mountain” soundtrack and Nino Rota’s O Venezia Venaga Venusia, from the "Fellini's Casanova” soundtrack, was released in June 2011. In June 2012 the ep "The Wildlife Variations" was released through Woodworm Music & Trovarobato. In 2012 the band has begun a collaboration with the American Fluxus composer Philip Corner, resulting in a live performance in Reggio Emilia, a recording of Corner's music under the direction of the composer and a sound installation featured in the exhibition "Women in Fluxus and other experimental tales" held at Palazzo Magnani in Reggio Emilia. In 2013 their instrumental album “Ashram Equinox” was released, followed one year later by a digital-only release of a deluxe edition including various outtakes and remixes. In 2017 the album ”Invocation And Ritual Dance Of My Demon Twin” was released for the British label Rocket Recordings, followed by the standalone digital single "Burning Tree". In 2019 their sophomore album for the English label, "In the Silence Electric", is released.
Discography
LP
1999 - Fever in the Funk House, Gamma Pop
2001 - Stars Never Looked So Bright, Gamma Pop
2003 - Adult Situations, Homesleep/Sony
2006 - After Dark My Sweet, Homesleep/Audioglobe
2009 - Our Secret Ceremony, A Silent Place
2013 - Ashram Equinox, Woodworm/Santeria/Crash Symbols
2017 - Invocation And Ritual Dance Of My Demon Twin, Rocket Recordings
2019 - Music from The Last Command, 42 Records
2019 - In The Silence Electric, Rocket Recordings
EP & Singles
1998 - I'm in Love with Someone Older Than Me 7-inch single, Gamma Pop
1999 - Everyone Needs Someone to Fuck 7-inch single, Gamma Pop/Superlove
2000 - I Wanna Be a Pop Rock Star! - The Plague of Alternative Rock CD, Gamma pop/Superlove
2001 - Everything Is Alright CD single, Gamma Pop/Superlove
2001 - Set the World on Fire CD single, Gamma Pop/Superlove
2001 - The Black Christmas EP CD single, Gamma Pop/Superlove
2003 - The Power of Psychic Revenge CD, Homesleep
2004 - Marmalade(EP), remix collection CD, Homesleep
2005 - Julie's Haircut/Judah split 7-inch single, Black Candy/Superlove
2007 - Julie's Haircut with Sonic Boom: N-Waves / U-Waves 10-inch/CD EP, A Silent Place/Superlove
2009 - Julie's Haircut with Mariposa: Concerto Grosso tour gift CD-R, givaway on the tour "Concerto Grosso"
2011 - Julie's Haircut play Jodorowsky & Rota 10-inch, Gamma Pop/Ghost Records/Superlove
2012 - The Wildlife Variations 12-inch, WoodWorm/Trovarobato/Superlove
2012 - Dark Leopards of the Moon, remix collection digital single, Superlove
2013 - Downtown Love Tragedies (pt. 1 & 2) split 7-inch single with Cut, Gamma Pop
2015 - Sidesteps split 12-inch single with Sendelica, Fruits de Mer Records
2018 - Burning Tree digital single, Rocket Recordings
2018 - Karlsruhe/Fountain 12-inch single, Superlove
2020 - Jihang/Orpheus Rising split digital single with Rainbow Island, Superlove
Line-up
Nicola Caleffi: guitars, keyboards, percussions, bass, vocals (1994–present)
Luca Giovanardi: guitars, keyboards, bass, electronics, vocals (1994–present)
Andrea Rovacchi: keyboards, percussions (2006–present)
Andrea Scarfone: guitars, bass (2005–present)
Ulisse Tramalloni: drums, percussions (2010–present)
Ex Members
Laura Storchi: bass, keyboards, vocals (1994-2005)
Giancarlo Frigieri: drums, percussion (1995-1997)
Rev. Fabio Vecchi: rhodes, organ, synth (2000-2005)
Roberto Morselli: drums, percussion (1997-2010)
Laura Sghedoni: bass, vocals (2006-2007)
Mara Mariani: bass, vocals (2007)
Laura Agnusdei: alto and tenor saxophones (2015-2020)
External links
Official website
Italian rock music groups
Italian indie rock groups
Italian progressive rock groups
Italian post-rock groups
Musical groups established in 1994
1994 establishments in Italy
Fruits de Mer Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie%27s%20Haircut |
The Calakmul Biosphere Reserve () is located at the base of the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico, in Calakmul Municipality in the state of Campeche, bordering the Guatemalan department of El Petén to the south. It occupies and includes about 12% of the subperennial jungles of Mexico. The Reserve, which was established in 1989, is one of the largest protected areas in Mexico, covering more than 14% of the state.
The important pre-Columbian Maya civilization archaeological site of Calakmul, one of the largest-known Maya sites, is located in the Biosphere Reserve.
Flora and fauna
The Reserve and the contiguous forested areas of the Maya Biosphere Reserve (Reserva de la Biosfera Maya) in the Guatemalan department of El Petén form one of the largest and least disturbed tracts of rainforest in the Americas north of Colombia. The forest is classified as dry forest to the west and tall and medium-height subperennial rainforest to the east. Among the trees, there are ceibas, Honduras mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla), strangler figs (Ficus), chaká (Bursera simaruba), and chicle or chicozapote (Manilkara chicle). In total, the reserve is home to nearly 70,000 plant and animal species, making it one of the most biodiverse places in the world.
The biosphere is home to 86 species of mammals, 18 of which can be found in the Official Registry of Mexican Ecology, a resource that outlines flora and fauna that are in danger of extinction, rare, threatened or are under protection. The area is home to 5 of the 6 large cats that are native to Mexico.
This includes its small but healthy population of jaguars as well as jaguarundis, ocelots, pumas and margays. The fauna also includes Central American agoutis, Geoffroy's spider monkeys, Guatemalan black howlers, Baird's tapir, white-nosed coatis, ocellated turkeys, crested guans, toucans, and parrots.
Threats
The reserve has been given a critically threatened designation, which means that prompt measures must be taken to continue to protect and conserve its biodiversity. These threats include: Population growth, subsistence hunting and poaching, tourist infrastructure, and the emergence of highways and roads.
Human population within the reserve has been rapidly increasing since the 1980s due to increased migration as well as high birthrates. This has put increasing strain on natural resources due to the locals' agricultural and ranching subsistence.
Although 80% of the hunting in the reserve is done for personal consumption among the local people, this subsistence hunting has had an increasingly drastic impact on the wildlife populations. These animals are also being poached by military units that are in active duty within the area.
There has been an increasing amount of tourist activity, since the reserve was given UNESCO designation, which has created several problems. Although water is scarce in the region, the consumable water near villages or towns is reserved for tourists, creating a water shortage among the locals. There is growing awareness of a possible water crisis due to the inability to meet the needs of the locals and the tourism industry.
Due to problems with the design of the reserve, two main roads have been built that cross through two of the core, important areas of the reserve. There have been proposals of a tourism destination called Maya World which would involve a highway connecting different areas of the biosphere reserve. Although the plans for the highway have been put aside for the time being, hotel construction continues in those areas.
Political issues
The area was declared a biosphere reserve by Carlos Salinas de Gortari in 1989. The cited reasons for the designation were protection of biological diversity, as well as protection of the numerous ancient Mayan ruins that are within the limits of the reserve. Since then there has been disparity between the views and philosophies of the local people who live on the land and those government officials and urban environmentalists who wish to protect its resources .
The people who live on the land are migrants representing 23 of the 32 states of Mexico that were drawn to the land in the 1960s when the Mexican government put land distribution projects in place. Although their cultures may differ, they share the common identity of campesinos and of subsistence farmers who live off the land. As subsistence farmers they all share the common belief that the environment is a place to work, which contrasts with the agendas of environmentalists and government official who believe that an "ideal environment is one devoid of human presence". These outside parties have the "do not touch" mentality. Thus the Campesinos have created a united front in pushing for access to important resources that enable them to farm and provide for themselves.
In 1991 the Mexican president gave the Campesinos "care for the reserve" which provided funding to aid in the protection of the remaining forests while encouraging self-sufficiency in the local farming sector. This has been in line with the philosophy that biodiversity is "diversity in use".
These issues of debate has led to a resistance movement from the local farmers. Due to their beliefs surrounding the uses of the environment and work, many believe that those on the other side of the debate (government officials and urban environmentalists) wish to use the land for their own profitable means. Many farmers recognize the difference between symbolic and actual land ownership and feel as though the government is undermining their subsistence practices. Whereas the Campesinos practice subsistence farming and therefore do not receive a salary, there is a high vulnerability that they face from others implementing regulations.
References
External links
Mexico's Council on Protected Areas Fact Sheet
Biosphere reserves of Mexico
Geography of Mexico
Parks in Mexico
Natural history of Campeche
Protected areas of Campeche
Petén–Veracruz moist forests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calakmul%20Biosphere%20Reserve |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on Hydrochloric acid.
Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.
Structure and properties
References
Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrochloric%20acid%20%28data%20page%29 |
The Temple of Friendship () is a small, round building in Sanssouci Park, Potsdam, in Germany. It was built by King Frederick II of Prussia in memory of his sister, Princess Wilhelmine of Prussia, who died in 1758. The building, in the form of a classical temple, was built south of the park's main boulevard between 1768 by architect Carl von Gontard. It complements the Temple of Antiquities, which lies due north of the boulevard on an axis with the Temple of Friendship.
The First Pavilion in Neuruppin
A notable precursor of the Temple of Friendship was the smaller Temple of Apollo constructed in 1735 at Neuruppin, where Crown Prince Frederick (later Frederick II) resided from 1732 to 1735 as the commander of a regiment stationed there. The first building designed by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff, the Temple of Apollo was situated in the Amalthea Garden, a flower and vegetable garden created by Frederick.
The Temple of Apollo was an open, round temple, although in 1791 it was enclosed by brick walls between its columns. In August 1735, Frederick wrote to his sister Wilhelmine, who at that time was already married and living in Bayreuth: "The garden house is a temple of eight Doric columns holding up a domed roof. On it stands a statue of Apollo. As soon as it is finished, we shall offer sacrifices in it – naturally to you, dear sister, protectress of the fine arts."
The Pavilion in Sanssouci Park
To honor the memory of Wilhelmine, Frederick chose, as he had in Neuruppin, the form of an open, round temple with a shallow domed roof supported by eight Corinthian columns. This architectural structure, the monopteros type, has its origins in ancient Greece, where such buildings were erected over cult statues and tombstones.
In a shallow alcove at the back wall of the temple is a life-sized statue of Wilhelmine of Bayreuth, holding a book in her hand. The marble figure is from the workshop of the sculptor brothers Johann David and Johann Lorenz Wilhem Räntz and is based on a portrait by the court painter Antoine Pesne. The medallions on the columns depicting pairs of friends in classical antiquity as well as the book in Wilhelmine's hand point to her fascination with that era. Moreover, the homoerotic dimension of the classical couples may have made them especially appealing to the temple's builder, Frederick II, whose homosexual orientation was already the subject of much speculation and rumor during his lifetime.
References
The information in this article is based on that in its German Wikipedia equivalent.
Generaldirektion der Stiftung Schlösser und Gärten Potsdam-Sanssouci (Hrsg.): Potsdamer Schlösser und Gärten. Bau und Gartenkunst vom 17. bis 20. Jahrhundert. UNZE VG mbH, Potsdam 1993
Buildings and structures in Potsdam
Sanssouci Park
Classicist architecture in Germany
Domes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple%20of%20Friendship |
The Department of Justice (, abbreviated as DOJ) is under the executive department of the Philippine government responsible for upholding the rule of law in the Philippines. It is the government's principal law agency, serving as its legal counsel and prosecution arm. It has its headquarters at the DOJ Building in Padre Faura Street, Ermita, Manila.
The department is led by the Secretary of Justice, nominated by the President of the Philippines and confirmed by the Commission on Appointments. The Secretary is a member of the Cabinet. President Bongbong Marcos named Jesus Crispin Remulla as secretary of Justice on May 23, 2022.
History
The DOJ traces its beginnings at the Revolutionary Assembly in Naic, Cavite on April 17, 1897. The Department of Grace and Justice was tasked with the establishment of a regime of law in the Republic, with Severino de las Alas at the helm. The department, however, was not included in Pres. Aguinaldo's Biak-na-Bato Cabinet, which was established in November 1897.
Shortly after the proclamation of independence on June 12, 1898, President Emilio Aguinaldo resurrected the department as the Department of Justice via a September 26, 1898 decree. The department, however, disappeared again in Pres. Aguinaldo's Cabinet upon the proclamation of the First Republic in 1899.
After the American occupation a year later, the military government established the Office of the Attorney of the Supreme Court. On June 11, 1901, it was renamed the Office of the Attorney General and on September 1 of the same year, the office became the Department of Finance and Justice.
In 1916, the department became a separate entity (once again the Department of Justice) by virtue of the Jones Law, and was given administrative supervision over all courts of first instance and other inferior courts.
Under the Japanese occupation, the department became the Commission of Justice, and later the Ministry of Justice upon the proclamation of the Second Philippine Republic in 1943. After the country's liberation from the Japanese forces near the end of World War II, the restored Commonwealth government re-activated the Department.
Soon, the Supreme Court under the then 1973 Constitution took over the administrative supervision of all lower courts from the DOJ. The succeeding 1987 Constitution upheld it.
It became the Ministry of Justice once more in 1973 during Martial Law, continuing in that form until 1987, when the return to a presidential form of government as mandated by the 1987 Constitution transformed all ministries back to departments.
Today, the DOJ continues to pursue its primary mission "To Uphold the Rule of Law" with its "Justice for All" motto. The Office of the Secretary (OSEC) is composed of the National Prosecution Service, the Legal Staff, the Administrative, Financial, Technical and Planning and Management Services and the Board of Pardons and Parole. The constituent and attached agencies include the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), Bureau of Immigration (BI), Public Attorney’s Office (Philippines) (PAO), Office of the Solicitor General (OSG), Office of the Government Corporate Counsel (OGCC), Bureau of Corrections (BuCOR), Parole and Probation Administration (PPA), Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG) and the Land Registration Authority (LRA).
List of secretaries of justice
Notable secretaries of justice
Sen. Jose W. Diokno, Founder of the Free Legal Assistance Group (FLAG), Founding Chairman of the Commission on Human Rights (CHR), former senator, and Chief prosecutor of the Harry Stonehill case
Jose P. Laurel, former President and former Associate Justice
Jose Abad Santos, former Chief Justice
Neptali A. Gonzales, former senator
Franklin Drilon, senator
Menardo Guevarra, Solicitor General
Organizational structure
At present, the Department is headed by the Secretary of Justice,
with Seven Undersecretaries, namely
JESSE HERMOGENES T. ANDRES
JOSE R. CADIZ, JR.
BRIGIDO J. DULAY
DEO L. MARCO
GERONIMO L. SY
NICHOLAS FELIX L. TY
RAUL T. VASQUEZ
Five Assistant Secretaries, namely
JOSE ARTURO R. MALVAR
MAJKEN ANIKA S. GRAN-ONG
GABRIEL LORENZO L. IGNACIO
JOSE DOMINIC F. CLAVANO IV
RANDOLPH A. PASCASIO
Under the Office of the Secretary are the following offices and services:
Administrative Service
Board of Pardons and Parole
DOJ Action Center
Financial Service
Information and Communications Technology Service
Internal Audit Service
Library Service
Office for Competition
Office of Cybercrime
Office of the Chief State Counsel (Legal Staff)
Office of the Prosecutor General (National Prosecution Service)
Planning and Management Service
Refugees and Stateless Persons Protection Unit
Technical Staff
Prosecutors are assigned to each of the regions, provinces, and cities of the Philippines.
Attached agencies
The following agencies and offices are attached to the DOJ for policy and program coordination:
Gallery
References
Philippines, Justice
Philippines
Justice | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Justice%20%28Philippines%29 |
Edgerton Park Arena was an indoor arena in Rochester, New York. The building was originally constructed in 1892 as the drill hall for a training school for delinquent boys. When the school moved early in the 20th century, the building was turned into an indoor sports arena and exhibition hall. An artificial ice-making system was installed in 1935.
The first professional team to use the building was the Rochester Cardinals hockey team in 1935–36. The Cardinals played in the International Hockey League and were a farm team of the New York Americans of the National Hockey League. Rochester could have been a charter member of the International-American Hockey League which formed in the summer of 1936 upon the merger of the IHL and the Canadian-American Hockey Leagues. However, the Cardinals went into receivership before the end of the 1935–36 season and no suitable owner could be found to operate the team. Also, the arena sat only 3,500 for hockey and officials of the new league wanted a minimum capacity of 5,000. The City of Rochester, the arena's owners, refused to expand the building. This refusal to expand the building meant Rochester had to wait until the Community War Memorial Arena (now Blue Cross Arena at the War Memorial) opened in 1955 to join what by that point had become the American Hockey League. Rochester was awarded a new franchise in the American Hockey League in 1956 after Pittsburgh withdrew. The Rochester Americans began play in the 1956–57 season.
Edgerton Park Arena was the primary home of the NBA's Rochester Royals from 1945 to 1955. The Royals moved into the new Rochester Community War Memorial for the 1955–56 NBA season. But because of periodic scheduling conflicts and the two-month-long 1956 American Bowling Congress Finals scheduled for the War Memorial, the Royals returned to the Arena to play several games during the 1955–56 season. It also hosted performances by the Glenn Miller Orchestra and cowboy star Gene Autry in the 1940s. The arena held 4,200 people for basketball. The building's last user, the Monroe County Fair, moved to what is now The Dome Center in Henrietta in 1957; the building was demolished shortly thereafter. The space is now the site of baseball fields behind the Rochester International Academy; the western wall of the building ran along what is now the far diamond's right field line, parallel to RIA's western wall.
Sports venues in New York (state)
Former National Basketball Association venues
Defunct indoor arenas in New York (state)
Demolished sports venues in New York (state)
Sports venues in Rochester, New York
1892 establishments in New York (state)
Sports venues completed in 1892
1956 disestablishments in New York (state)
Sports venues demolished in 1956
Defunct basketball venues in the United States
Basketball venues in New York (state)
Defunct indoor ice hockey venues in the United States
Indoor ice hockey venues in New York (state)
Rochester Royals
National Basketball League (United States) venues | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgerton%20Park%20Arena |
The Lost World is a 2001 British made-for-television film adaptation of the 1912 novel of the same name by Arthur Conan Doyle, directed by Stuart Orme and adapted by Tony Mulholland and Adrian Hodges. It was filmed at various locations on the West Coast of New Zealand. The 145-minute film was divided into two 75-minute episodes when broadcast on BBC One on 25 and 26 December 2001, receiving 8.68 million and 6.98 million viewers respectively. Bob Hoskins played Professor Challenger and was supported by James Fox, Peter Falk, Matthew Rhys, Tom Ward and Elaine Cassidy.
Plot
Part 1
While in the Amazon rainforest, Professor George Challenger shoots an animal he believes to be a pterosaur. Returning to England, Challenger crashes a lecture at the Natural History Museum held by his rival, Professor Leo Summerlee. Challenger proposes an expedition to discover the home of the pterosaur, but is dismissed by the science community. However, hunter Lord John Roxton, and Daily Gazette columnist Edward Malone both volunteer to join and finance the expedition. A sceptical Summerlee also joins.
On the voyage to South America, Challenger reveals a map created by a Portuguese man named Father Luis Mendoz leading to a remote Brazilian plateau where he encountered dinosaurs during a previous expedition. They travel to a Christian mission in the Amazon, meeting Agnes Clooney and her uncle Reverend Theo Kerr, who condemns Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. Roxton immediately takes a liking to Agnes' unladylike behaviour and flirts with her. Agnes volunteers to join the expedition as a translator. However, in the jungle, the expedition's porters flee out of superstition, but Kerr arrives, repeatedly trying to convince the bull-headed Challenger to turn back.
They reach the edge of the plateau and find a cave concealing a pathway to the plateau but discover a blockage. They later find a gorge leading straight to the plateau, using a tree as a substitute bridge. However, when all but Kerr make it across, he suddenly knocks the tree into the gorge and leaves Challenger and the others stranded. Venturing in the plateau's jungle, they find several species of dinosaur, a flock of pterosaurs, and a strange species of aggressive, carnivorous ape men. Malone finds a lake which he names after his fiancé Gladys. Malone and Agnes are chased by an Allosaurus, but evade it when it falls into a manmade trap.
Part 2
Escaping the trap, Edward and Agnes find Roxton at the lake, learning the apes kidnapped Challenger and Summerlee. Warriors from an indigenous tribe appear, aiding them in rescuing the professors, along with Achille, the son of their own chieftain. The ape-men are taken captive by the tribe.
Arriving at the village, the tribe are revealed to be surviving members of Mendoz's expedition and mistake Challenger for Mendoz, who taught them Christianity. The chief shows the other end of the cave and reveals it was blocked by a man who visited the tribe, trapping them within the plateau. Roxton falls in love with the chief's daughter Maree, a woman who is quite similar to him, and they eventually marry.
Later, after having buried one of their children, the ape-men howl and attract two Allosaurus who attack the village. In the chaos, the chief is killed, along with several other tribesmen before Roxton and Malone manage to kill the dinosaurs. At the same time, Summerlee reopens the cave using explosives, allowing the explorers to flee the village when Achille condemns them. Roxton is stabbed by one of the ape-men, but buys time for the others to leave. Roxton seemingly succumbs to his wounds and is mourned by the villagers.
Challenger, Summerlee, Malone, and Agnes return to the Amazon but encounter a crazed Kerr and realise he sealed the cave to prevent anyone from finding it, believing it to be forged by Satan because of the ape-men. When Kerr produces a revolver, Summerlee wrestles him for it, only for Kerr to be shot and killed by accident. The expedition porters later find the survivors. Returning to London, Malone discovers Gladys has become engaged to another man, however he is glad, as he realises that he has developed feelings for Agnes. At Challenger's press event, he unveils a juvenile Pteranodon he picked up as an egg. However, the excited crowd scare the Pteranodon out of a window. Malone and Summerlee convince Challenger to pretend the whole expedition was a lie to protect the plateau's inhabitants from destruction, sacrificing his reputation and success for the safety of the Dinosaurs and the villagers. Summerlee stays with his family, Challenger sets off to find Atlantis, while Malone and Agnes admit their love for each other, and Malone decides to pursue a career as a novelist. In a final scene, Roxton is revealed to be alive and living with Maree and the villagers in peace.
Cast
Animals
The prehistoric animals were realised using computer-generated imagery, a process the BBC had used in the Walking with Dinosaurs series. The Ape Men were performed by actors in costumes.
Prehistoric animals
Dinosaurs
Allosaurus − A well known theropod from the late Jurassic Morrison Formation more than 150 million years ago. It uses the same CG model from the Walking with Dinosaurs series including The Ballad of Big Al special, and eventually used in the Walking with Monsters series.
Brachiosaurus − A 30 to 43 foot tall sauropod from the late Jurassic Morrison Formation 150 million years ago. It uses the same CG model from the Walking with Dinosaurs series including the Big Al special.
Diplodocus − A huge 67 to 75 foot long sauropod from the late Jurassic Morrison Formation 150 million years ago. It uses the same CG Apatosaurus models (adult and baby) from the Walking with Dinosaurs series including the Big Al special.
Hypsilophodon − A small herbivorous ornithopod from the early Cretaceous Europe including the Isle of Wight 130 million years ago. This is the first prehistoric creature which is found by Challenger's team in the plateau.
Iguanodon − A giant herbivore from the Cretaceous Europe including the Isle of Wight. Professor Summerlee thought these creatures were built as kangaroos on two legs and their tail kept on the ground, but this idea is debunked when he sees the quadrupedal animals. It uses the same CG model from the Walking with Dinosaurs series.
Reptiles
Pteranodon − A large flying fish-eating pterosaur from North America during the late Cretaceous . This creature is the only proof from Challenger's very first expedition, and later he named the species as "Pteranodon sumerleensis". The same CG model is later used in Chased by Dinosaurs: Land of Giants and Sea Monsters Episode 3.
According to Christopher Hall and Stuart Orme on the DVD audio commentary, Tim Haines requested that there be a scene in the lake where prehistoric sea reptiles appeared, but this was ultimately cut due to difficulty of underwater filming and actress Elaine Cassidy not being a good swimmer.
Mammals
Java Man − An ape-man originally called Pithecanthropus erectus, today classified as Homo erectus, is a primitive hominid from Asia during the early Pleistocene epoch 2 million years ago. This creature is described as the missing link between primates and humans. In the film an undiscovered species appear, and Challenger named them "Pithecanthropus challengeris".
Entelodon − A strange, pig-themed, rhino-sized, omnivorous cousin for hippos and whales from the Oligocene and Miocene Asia. This is the only prehistoric mammal in the film besides the Pithecanthropus. One was hunted by Roxton and the natives. It uses the same CG model from the Walking with Beasts series.
Modern day animals
Southern coral snake − A venomous snake from the rainforests of South America.
Brazilian black tarantula − A venomous spider which lives in the South American jungles, but sometimes travels to the village to hunt insects or reptiles.
Atlas moth − A large moth from the tropical and subtropical forests of Southeast Asia and Indonesia. Professor Sumerlee found the moth while a Pteranodon carries away the team's dinner.
Scarlet macaw − A large and colourful macaw from the American tropics of south-eastern Mexico to the rainforests of Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. It is a more than 80-centimetre-long bird with a weight of about 1 kilogram, and is one of the smartest birds on Earth.
Brown capuchin − A small New World monkey from the tropical rainforests of the Amazon basin.
Home media
The Lost World was released on home video as a single 145-minute instalment. The series was released on VHS and DVD in the United Kingdom on 3 June 2002; The DVD version contains a 5.1 soundtrack, audio commentary with Stuart Orme and Christopher Hall and the 29-minute documentary Inside The Lost World. An American DVD release followed on 29 October 2002, presented in 4:3 pan and scan format with a stereo soundtrack. This release also contained the 90-minute History Channel documentary Dinosaur Secrets Revealed and a 21-minute documentary on the making of the series.
Reception
John Leonard TV critic for New York magazine praised the special effects for the time, saying "New Zealand looks like Brazil, and the beasts are the best ever on a small screen." Writing for DVD Talk, Holly E Ordway described the series as "a straightforward and entertaining adventure story", praising the modernised changes made to the book's storyline but calling the characters "caricatures".
See also
List of films featuring dinosaurs
References
External links
The official BBC Drama site
2001 television films
2001 films
British television films
British fantasy adventure films
Films about dinosaurs
2000s fantasy adventure films
2001 drama films
Professor Challenger films
2000s English-language films
2000s British films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lost%20World%20%282001%20film%29 |
The Bea language, Aka-Bea, is an extinct Great Andamanese language of the Southern group. It was spoken around the western Andaman Strait and around the northern and western coast of South Andaman.
History
The Bea were one of the indigenous peoples of the Andaman Islands, one of the ten or so Great Andamanese tribes identified by British colonials in the 1860s. Their language was closely related to the other Great Andamanese languages. They were extinct as a distinct people by 1931.
Grammar
The Great Andamanese languages are agglutinative languages, with an extensive prefix and suffix system. They have a distinctive noun class system based largely on body parts, in which every noun and adjective may take a prefix according to which body part it is associated with (on the basis of shape, or functional association). Thus, for instance, the *aka- at the beginning of the language names is a prefix for objects related to the tongue. An adjectival example can be given by the various forms of yop, "pliable, soft", in Aka-Bea:
A cushion or sponge is ot-yop "round-soft", from the prefix attached to words relating to the head or heart.
A cane is ôto-yop, "pliable", from a prefix for long things.
A stick or pencil is aka-yop, "pointed", from the tongue prefix.
A fallen tree is ar-yop, "rotten", from the prefix for limbs or upright things.
Similarly, beri-nga "good" yields:
un-bēri-ŋa "clever" (hand-good).
ig-bēri-ŋa "sharp-sighted" (eye-good).
aka-bēri-ŋa "good at languages" (tongue-good.)
ot-bēri-ŋa "virtuous" (head/heart-good)
The prefixes are,
Body parts are inalienably possessed, requiring a possessive adjective prefix to complete them, so one cannot say "head" alone, but only "my, or his, or your, etc. head".
The basic pronouns are almost identical throughout the Great Andamanese languages; Aka-Bea will serve as a representative example (pronouns given in their basic prefixal forms):
'This' and 'that' are distinguished as k- and t-.
Judging from the available sources, the Andamanese languages have only two cardinal numbers — one and two — and their entire numerical lexicon is one, two, one more, some more, and all.
Samples
The following poem in Aka-Bea was written by a chief, Jambu, after he was freed from a six-month jail term for manslaughter.
ngô:do kûk l'àrtâ:lagî:ka,
mō:ro el:ma kâ igbâ:dàla
mō:ro el:mo lê aden:yarà
pō:-tōt läh.
Chorus: aden:yarà pō:-tōt läh.
Literally:
thou heart-sad art,
sky-surface to there looking while,
sky-surface of ripple to looking while,
bamboo spear on lean-dost.
Translation:
Thou art sad at heart,
gazing there at the sky's surface,
gazing at the ripple on the sky's surface,
leaning on the bamboo spear.
Note, however, that, as seems to be typical of Andamanese poetry, the words and sentence structure have been somewhat abbreviated or inverted in order to obtain the desired rhythmical effect.
As another example, we give part of a creation myth in Oko-Juwoi, reminiscent of Prometheus:
See also
Andamanese languages
References
Agglutinative languages
Great Andamanese languages
Extinct languages of Asia
Languages of India
Languages extinct in the 1930s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aka-Bea%20language |
Muhammad Atta-ullah Faizani (born 17 April 1923, date of death unknown) was an Afghan Islamic scholar. The honorific "Faizani", a derivation of an Arabic word which denotes something that overflows with God's light (blessings), was bestowed upon him by the imam of the Kaaba during his Hajj.
Early life and work
Faizani was born in Herat, Afghanistan on 17 April 1923 to a family of miagan, religious scholars said to be descended from an Islamic saint. As a child Faizani was home-schooled in the traditional Afghan manner. Entering his teens, Faizani studied at a High School in Herat and finally at Kabul University, where he graduated in 1941. For eight years following his graduation he served as a High School principal in his hometown until a passion for God overcame him. At this time Faizani left home and traveled widely throughout the Islamic world of the mid-20th century seeking knowledge of Islam and its various practices.
Spiritual retreat
As this period of traveling drew to a close, there came an intensification of his spiritual rigor and practices. He returned to Herat and secluded himself within a cave at a local mosque. There he remained for five years performing ascetic practices including long periods of fasting, Zhikr and fikr (also called taffakkur or deep contemplation). Taffakkur is a technique by which the practitioner "contemplates the Magnificence and Perfection of Glorious God in the creation."
The Mazari Sharif sermons and first imprisonment
After a spiritual incident at the end of his ascetic practices, he began wandering again and wound up in Mazari Sharif. Upon arriving in the city, Faizani was overcome by the overt materialism of the elite and their unIslamic practices, based more upon tribalism and traditional power structures than upon brotherhood and religious sentiment. In response, Faizani began preaching, filling his sermons with the fire of moral and spiritual discontent. His critical sermons addressed the corrupt political practices that surrounded the people of Mazar-i-Sharif and he spared neither cleric, nor government official, nor the landlords who participated in the crude feudalism of their country of that time. However, as is the norm when spiritual luminaries criticize established authorities in "developing" nations, Faizani quickly became a target for men of great power who did not want to upset the status quo.
He was arrested and put in prison.
Becoming a sheikh
After his first imprisonment, his public life consisted of good works (charity, teaching, and spreading Islam), exercising public responsibility, and suffering short prison sentences for upsetting the secular authorities. Between these incarcerations, Faizani was able to create a library in Pul-i-Khumri (in Baghlan Province). It was here that Faizani attracted a large following of professionals (teachers and government officials), military personnel, and students. In time, his followers encompassed both Sunni and Shiite Muslims, an accomplishment not repeated by other groups in Afghanistan. To this day, the school of Islam that he initiated, the Madrassa-e Tawheed, consists of both Sunnis and Shi'ites.
The philosophy of the Madrassa-e Tawheed was unique in Afghanistan and promulgated the fusion of modern science and religion, hence its attraction among the young university students of that time who required more from Islam than just interpretations and fatwas given by the established, traditional mullahs out of touch with modern developments in science, technology, and politics. Additionally, the madrassa developed an intensive program of Zhikr (remembrance of Allah) and Fikr (tafakkur), which was also well-suited to military personnel stationed in far-flung and out of the way locales (a common occurrence in Afghanistan).
The move to Kabul
In 1969, Faizani organized the Religious Scholars' Uprising at the Pul-i Khisti mosque in Kabul. Although the authorities thought that this protest would dissipate after a short while, the protest grew in numbers and persisted for weeks. To halt the demonstrations, the government cracked down on the restive demonstrators and imprisoned many of the protest's leaders, including Faizani. This was to be Faizani's fifth stint in prison and lasted a year and a half.
Upon his release, Faizani purchased a building next to the Pul-i Khisti mosque and started a library and book business selling only those books that he had actually read himself. At this time, Faizani also organized and managed zikr circles and invited members of the government, military, and scholastic institutions. The intention being to transform society by first transforming the self. It was through these meetings that Faizani eventually formed the political party Hizb-i Tawheed.
Final imprisonment
To eliminate Faizani's strong influence among the upper echelons of Afghan society (especially among the military elites), in 1973 President Daoud of Afghanistan and his Communist advisors accused the Hizb-i Tawheed of organizing a coup d'etat. This accusation led to the final imprisonment of Faizani and hundreds of his disciples. It was during this last imprisonment that he suffered the cruelest tortures, including having his beard plucked out one hair at a time, being continually whipped, electrocuted, and having his teeth crushed.
All through this time, Faizani continually wrote books to his followers and would have each page secretly spirited out by his visitors. These pages would later be collected and the books published. In total, he is credited with having written 52 books on topics as diverse as taffakkur (fikr), Zikr, Fiqh, conditional and unconditional worship, etc.
Faizani disappeared from prison in 1979 shortly after the communist Khalqis came to power. It is probable that he was executed before the Soviet invasion took place.
The continuation of his work and teachings since then has been strongly supported in established schools in Afghanistan and in other countries by his students, led by his son, Ustad Mazhabi Sahib. The Madrassa-e Tawheed continues to this day and has established schools in various Western nations including large numbers in Germany, France, Canada, and the United States.
Education
His religious learning includes:
Tafsir: Interpretations, Jalalayn, Khazin, Roohul Ma'anee, Jamal and Roohul Bayan.
Books of Hadith: Sahih (Bukharee and Muslim), Mishkat, Tirmidhi, Sunayn Abu-Daoud and Ibn-Maja
Spiritual sciences of Faith and Belief, Politics, Jurisprudence, Islamic Law, Remembrance and Contemplation.
Faizani speaks Pashto, Persian, and Arabic. His son, Ustad Mazhabi Sahib (the present leader of Madrassa-e Tawheed), speaks Pashto, Persian, Arabic, and English.
Body of work
Faizani has written fifty two volumes covering the various spiritual sciences. He is unique in that his teachings discuss 20th century faith and how the practitioner must use science and the creation as experienced through the five senses to establish the proof and certainty of belief in God.
The titles of seven volumes which make up a special series of "Goblets for the fortification faith", are:
1. General Questions on Faith, Mankind and the World
2. Knowing Oneself - Knowing God
3. Magnificence and Perfection of Glorious Artificer in Arts
4. Man and the Secrets of Nearness
5. Man and the Philosophy of Test
6. The Secrets of Creation up to the Court of Greatness
7. Alphabet of the Secrets of the Qur'an
The common point in all the writer's works is that all topics are extracted from the Qur'an, and are strongly affirmed by Qur'anic understanding. The works include references to relevant Qur'anic verses and hadith.
References
Sources
Edwards, David B., Before the Taliban: Genealogies of the Afghan Jihad. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.
External links
Website of the Madrassa-e-Tawheed: Islam Way Online - Your Religion and Spirituality Portal
1923 births
Year of death missing
20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
Afghan people who died in prison custody
Afghan Sufis
Afghan torture victims
Esotericists
Islamic philosophers
Muslim reformers
Prisoners who died in Afghan detention
Sufi mystics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20Atta-ullah%20Faizani |
Smithers v. R., [1978] 1 S.C.R. 506 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on determining criminal causation in an offence of manslaughter. The Court held that the Crown must show that the accused's acts were a "contributing cause of death outside of the de minimis range." In practice, this test applied to all criminal offences requiring proof of causation.
Background
On February 18, 1973, Smithers, a black teen, played in a hockey game against a team including Barrie Cobby, a white teen, in a Mississauga rink. During the game, Smithers was subject to numerous racial slurs by Cobby. Evidence given by numerous witnesses at the trial indicated both had a dislike for each other's behaviour and Cobby had often been using racial slurs toward Smithers. During their final game, Cobby was given a penalty for spearing Smithers during the game while Cobby was in the penalty box Smithers scored a goal and laughed in Cobby's direction. Cobby shouted further racial slurs and Smithers threatened Cobby that he was going to "get him" if Cobby did not apologize for making the ongoing racial insults.
After the game Smithers waited outside the rink for Cobby to leave. When Cobby came out Smithers chased him and was grabbed by at least 3 of Cobby's friends, Smithers grabbed Cobby's jacket and kicked Cobby once in the stomach area. Immediately Cobby fell to the ground and started to gasp for air. Cobby soon passed out and died shortly afterwards. It was discovered that he died from inhaling vomit after being kicked due to a rare condition in which his epiglottis failed. Although Smithers was unsure if the kick even landed (there were no marks on Cobby), he was still responsible.
Smithers was charged for manslaughter under section 205 of the Criminal Code (now section 222) for "caus[ing] the death of a human being". In his defence, Smithers argued that it was the epiglottis condition that caused death, not the blow.
The issue before the Supreme Court was whether the kick was a sufficient cause of the death to attract criminal liability.
A unanimous Court held that Smithers was guilty of causing death of a human being. The decision was written by Justice Dickson.
Opinion of the court
Dickson adopted the comments of G. Arthur Martin from a 1943 case note on the English Larkin case, where it was stated that "[t]here are many unlawful acts which are not dangerous in themselves and are not likely to cause injury which, nevertheless if they cause death, render the actor guilty of culpable homicide ... In the case of so-called intentional crimes where death is an unintended consequence the actor is always guilty of manslaughter at least."
The question Dickson considered was what degree of causation is required to prove guilt. Where consequences need not be intended such as manslaughter, he proposed the degree of contribution to the cause of death need only pass a de minimis test. That is, the Crown need only show that the amount contributed to the cause of death be more than trivial.
Dickson also reaffirmed the application of the thin skull doctrine in homicide, where the fact that Cobby was susceptible to failure of the epiglottis should not absolve Smithers from liability. Consequently, since the kick may have killed Cobby, its contribution to his death was more than trivial and so Smithers is criminally liable.
See also
List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Laskin Court)
External links
full text at CanLII.org
Supreme Court of Canada cases
1978 in Canadian case law
Canadian criminal case law
Manslaughter
History of Mississauga | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithers%20v%20R |
Wheel of Fortune is an Australian television game show produced by Grundy Television until 2006, and CBS Studios International in 2008. The program aired on the Seven Network from 1981 to 2004 and January to July 2006, aired at 5:00pm from 1981 to 1989 and from 2004 to 2006 and at 5:30pm from 1989 to 2003, and is mostly based on the same general format as the original American version of the program.
After Wheel of Fortune ended, the format was revived by the Nine Network in 2008 as Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune, until it was cancelled in June 2008 due to low ratings and following arguments from long-time host John Burgess concerning why he did not like the revamped format, which coincidentally was adopted in the United States later that year and has continued with the modified Australian format. The rights to the show are currently owned by Network Ten, which now owns the video and format rights through its parent company, Paramount International Networks, which holds international rights as the American version is distributed by the company's broadcast syndication arm.
An earlier unrelated show also titled Wheel of Fortune had been broadcast on the Nine Network. That version had been developed by Reg Grundy as a radio game show before it transferred to television in 1959.
In 2010, hostess Adriana Xenides died after a long battle with illness; she had been listed in the Guinness World Records as the longest-serving hostess of a television game show until it was surpassed by her US counterpart, Vanna White in 2001.
History
In 1981, the Grundy Organisation purchased the rights to Merv Griffin's American game show Wheel of Fortune and created a faithful reproduction of the American series, as they had done with many other game shows. The new show began airing on the Seven Network on 21 July 1981 at 5:00PM, and was produced at the studios of ADS-7 in Adelaide and hosted by Ernie Sigley. The show's production moved to SAS-7 when ADS and SAS swapped network affiliations and channel frequencies at the end of 1987.
In 1996, as part of an attempted major revamp with the remaining of the show's famous theme music and sounds, the program relocated from Adelaide to Seven flagship ATN-7 in Sydney. Along with a new set, new music, faster game format and modified rules, John Burgess was sacked from his twelve-year stint as host and replaced by Tony Barber. By the time that Burgess' final episode went to air it had become common knowledge that the show had relocated and that changes would occur. However, Burgess' final words referred only to the show's relocation, thus suggesting that he was at the time oblivious to his sacking.
The following Monday after Burgess' final episode, Barber began as host, despite much controversy. Beside the fact that viewers did not appreciate the fact that Burgess was sacked without a chance to say goodbye on air, viewers had difficulty accepting the new rules and faster pace. Additionally, Burgess had made media appearances saying how he had been badly treated and only found out about his sacking accidentally when a Grundy executive had to cancel a golf date with him because he was needed at the studios to continue work on the new format.
The ratings for the first two nights appeared promising to begin with but plummeted badly from then on. Some ground was regained after Seven and Grundy, in an embarrassing about-face, reinstated as much of the old rules as possible after the first five weeks. It regained further ground presumably due to audience curiosity when Adriana Xenides took sick leave in November 1996, but neither moves were enough to return it to a credible position as far as ratings were concerned.
A 5pm nationwide newscast that replaced Family Feud on 1 July also proved fatal for Wheel and the network. On 27 November 1996, the Seven Network issued a press releases in which Barber announced his resignation from the show. In his 2001 memoir Who Am I, Barber later explained that he was removed from the position by the network and was offered future projects with the network in exchange for agreeing to the press release. The future projects, however, never came to pass. Burgess has claimed (also backed up by Barber in his memoir) on many occasions that he was offered the job back with a heavy pay raise and declined, but the Seven Network denied this story. In any event, Burgess was quickly given a contract by the Nine Network to host the game show Catch Phrase (later retitled Burgo's Catch Phrase) that would be Wheel of Fortunes rival for a few more years.
Adriana Xenides, who had been the show's co-hostess and letter-turner since its premiere, fell sick — ultimately suffering from depression and what she called a "physical breakdown".
Barber appeared at the start of the 1997 series premiere to introduce and hand the show over to Rob Elliott with former Perfect Match hostess Kerrie Friend replacing Xenides for the next seven months.
On 18 June 2006, the Seven Network announced that they had stopped broadcasting of the program with the last episode airing on 28 July, just one week after celebrating 25 years on Australian television. The final episode was filmed on 23 June at Channel 7's Epping studios. One of the contestants on the final episode was Edith Bliss, former field reporter for Simon Townsend's Wonder World, who won the game and effectively became the show's final, undefeated champion. From the Monday following the final episode, the network filled the times-lot with reruns of M.A.S.H. Following the finale, Seven also aired 20 unaired episodes from 2005 at the 10am timeslot. These were hosted by 2004 host Steve Oemcke, and clearly produced before it was decided to rest the show in 2005.
2008 Nine Network Reboot and new title "Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune"
In May 2008, the Nine Network revived the show in a revamped form known as Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune, hosted by former Home and Away actor Tim Campbell, with Kelly Landry as co-host. and airing from GTV-9 in Melbourne.
Despite an initial report stating that Burgess and Xenides disliked the show, Xenides gave positive feedback stating that it was "refreshing" and she loved the "... very cool colours ... and the opportunity of winning a million dollars, that's excellent." She also stated that John was "probably misrepresented."
Ratings for the new series were expected to top now-rival game show Deal or No Deal, broadcast on the Seven Network and to lead-in to the 6:00pm news. However, there were low ratings, although peaking at 700,000 viewers on the first night. From then, viewership went on a decline, and by the end of its short run, Wheel had on average 450,000 viewers a night, compared to the almost-1,000,000 watchers for Deal. Due to this steep ratings decline, the series was cancelled on 27 June 2008, after only five weeks on air.
2024 Network 10 Graham Norton reboot
In September 2023, news broke that the format is getting revived and will be hosted by Irish talk show host Graham Norton. Instead of being filmed in Australia, the new version will be filmed in Manchester, England (with Australian contestants) where a new British version of the format will be filmed and will be also hosted by Norton. Filming is set to commence in November 2023 at the Dock10 studios. In October 2023, it was confirmed that Network 10 will helm the series.
Format adoption in the United States
Despite its short-lived run for five weeks, format owner and producer Sony Pictures Television later adopted the Million Dollar wedge format in the American syndicated version at the start of its 26th season on 8 September 2008, except the million dollar wedge is available in the first three rounds instead of the first round only. Three players have won the prize -- Michelle Lowenstein (2008), Autumn Erhard (2013), and Sarah Manchester (2014).
This does not include a 2021 celebrity edition also featured a million dollar winner in Melissa Joan Hart, but her win used different rules to gain the wedge are different in the civilian version. In the celebrity edition, four full-spaced Million Dollar Wedges are located on the wheel during the game instead of the single one-third space wedge that is used in civilian games.
Gameplay
Before the taping begins, the players draw numbers to determine their positions on stage. Play proceeds from left to right from the viewer's perspective: from the red player to yellow, then to blue, then back to red. The red player would have the first spin in round 1, the yellow player would have the first spin in round 2 and the blue/green player would have the first spin in round 3. From 1999 to 2003 when the main game consisted of 4 puzzles, the red player would have the first spin in round 4.
From July 1996 until 1998, the host would ask a trivia question and the contestant who buzzed in with the correct answer would have the first spin. During this time the red podium was reserved for the defending champion as there was an opportunity for any contestant to have the first spin. The process used during this period was a form of continuous play (For example, if the red player buzzed in to start round 1, but the yellow player solved the puzzle, then the blue player would have the first spin in round 2).
Upon conversion of the puzzle board from a set of 52 trilons to touchscreens in 2004, the show used a Flip-Up puzzle (based on the American version; see below) to determine control of the board to start the first and fourth round, and among which the player clockwise will begin the next round and so on (in order, red, yellow, blue and red). Like the July 1996 – 1998 era, the red podium was reserved for the defending champion.
Categories
The game uses a wide variety of categories for its puzzles. Some are generic, such as "Place" or "Thing." Puzzles frequently refer to popular culture or common items encountered in everyday life.Starting In 1994‘BEFORE AND AFTER’
‘STAR AND TITLE’
‘STAR AND ROLE’
‘ARTIST(S) AND SONG’Starting In 1995‘BLANK’
‘CLUE’
‘SLANG’
'WHERE ARE WE?'Starting In 1999‘PEOPLE’
Other categories include BUILDING, LIVING THINGS, TRUE OR FALSE?, EVENT, and PHRASE.
Spinning the Wheel
The wheel has 96 pegs with 24 spaces that are each four pegs wide. These spaces represent values (in multiples of 5 instead of 50 in the American version), including one silver coloured “Top Dollar” wedge, prizes and penalty spaces, and three strategic elements for use in the game.
A player who does not land on a penalty space asks for a consonant. If it is not in the puzzle, the play proceeds to the next player. If the letter appears in the puzzle, the hostess reveals all instances of the letter and the amount spun up is added to the player's score. Unlike the American version, however, the amount won is a flat rate and not multiplied by the number of instances of the letter. The only exception is when the red mystery letter appears, which doubles the amount spun up when called. Calling a letter that has already been called results in the loss of one's turn. A "used letter board" is positioned off screen for the contestants to see to aid in their guesses. All descriptions of players being credited with a value in the remainder of this article assume that the player calls a consonant which appears in the puzzle. A player who lands on a value is credited with that amount.
"Top Dollar" values
1981–1985: $240 – $460 – $1,200
1985–1990: $360 – $690 – $1,800
1990–1994: $400 – $750 – $2,000 (first used on Episode #2,000)
1995–2000: ($)500 – ($)1,000 – ($)2,000 (From 15 July 1996 until October 1996 and again from 1999 to 2000, 1,000 was used in rounds 2 and 3, while 2,000 was used in round 4)
2000–2006: 750 – 1,500 – 2,500 (Like the previous amounts, 1,500 was used in rounds 2 and 3)
2008: $750 – $1,500 – $2,500 (rounds 3 and 4)
From July 1996 to the end of the original run, the scores, while still referred to as "dollars", were kept in points.
Buying a vowel
A player who has sufficient banked cash during the current round may choose to buy a vowel prior to spinning the Wheel. The cost of the vowel, ($)50, is deducted from the player's score and all instances of the requested vowel in the puzzle are revealed, if any. The player's score is reduced by a flat ($)50. If the purchased vowel is not in the puzzle, the player loses their turn in addition to the aforementioned cost. Multiple vowels may be purchased until either the supply of vowels is exhausted or the player's bank falls below ($)50; after which the player either spins the wheel or tries to solve the puzzle.
Special FeaturesFlip-Up/Toss Up Puzzles – Introduced in 2004, these gave control of the wheel to whoever solved the puzzle, but did not add any money to the contestant's score. The Flip-Up before the second round is a Prize Puzzle, awarding a prize related to the puzzle. On Million Dollar Wheel Of Fortune it was called Toss Up, while Prize Puzzle was renamed Cash Up because of a chance to win $500 after guessing the puzzle.Free Spin – Available only in the first round, the Free Spin wedge allowed a contestant to continue his or her turn in the event of solving a puzzle incorrectly, selecting a letter that is not in the puzzle, or landing on Bankrupt or Lose a Turn. From July 1996 the Free Spin wedge was replaced with a dollar space, and a golden token with black "Free Spin" text was placed at the top of a wedge. Upon spinning it up, the Free Spin was awarded first, and then a letter was called for the dollar amount that the "Free Spin" was placed upon. If the letter called was not in the puzzle, the contestant could use it straightaway to retain control or save it for later.Bankrupt – The black Bankrupt space ended a player's turn and loses their score currently earned for the round. Any score won from a prior round was not affected by it. From July 1996 to late 1998, the solving of a puzzle did not secure the score accrued up to that point in the game, and landing on it at any time of the game took the player's score back to 0, unless the host spun it up during the speed-up round. Between 1981 and 1996, the Bankrupt space would appear once in round 1, and twice in rounds 2 and 3. From early 1996 until July that year, Bankrupt spaces appeared once only in each round. From July 1996 until 1998, the second Bankrupt wedge was brought back for the final puzzle, and then from 1999 onwards a second Bankrupt was added to the round 2 template for the third puzzle.Lose a Turn – Ends the player's turn without affecting their current round's winnings. The Australian version is one of several foreign adaptations to employ multiple Lose a Turn spaces on a single template with a second Lose a Turn space appearing in Round 3 (or Round 4 from July–October 1996 and 1999–2006).Red Mystery Letter – Between 1993 and July 1996, and again from January 1997 to 2006, a consonant that appears in red on the puzzle board doubles the amount awarded for choosing that letter.Surprise Wedge – Introduced in 1995, the Surprise wedge featured a Mystery prize won by the contestant who picked up the wedge and solved the puzzle on the same round. After the show was moved to Sydney, the Surprise wedge was abandoned until 1997, where it would appear on a sporadic basis.Goodie – Used from July 1995 to July 1996, this automatically awarded a pre-determined prize to the first person who landed on it for the night. This did not rely upon the contestant correctly guessing a letter, it was awarded for the spin. The concept was reinstated in October 1996 with the introduction of the Top Dollar Prize.Bonus Wedge – Introduced in 1994, landing on this space and correctly guessing a letter resulted in the contestant winning the bonus prize. Originally a golden wedge with black text, the 1996 revamp saw it turn into a silver token with blue text at the top of a wedge. It was later replaced at the beginning of the 1997 season by a full blue wedge and the word "Bonus" in glittery text. Bonus would always be added to the wheel at the start of the second round. The Bonus wedge was scrapped in 2003 upon introduction of the Mystery Round, but was reintroduced in July 2006 for the show's final week.Top Dollar Prize – Worked the same way as the Goodie wedge. During the later months of the Barber era in 1996, the first person to spin up any top amount during the course of the night was awarded a small prize. Similar to the Goodie wedge, it was awarded for the spin, and did not rely upon the contestant correctly guessing a letter. Prizes ranged from CDs, videotapes, concert tickets, small packages (CD and concert ticket for example) and the electronic Wheel of Fortune game (which made by Tiger Electronics and licensed by Croner).Bonus Puzzle – Introduced in 1995, the Bonus Puzzle concept was embedded with puzzles that fell into the categories of Clue, Blank, and later Where Are We and True Or False. The contestant who solved the puzzle on the board was then given the chance to solve the Bonus puzzle for a ($)200 bonus.Mystery Wedge (Space) – Between 2003 and 2008, round two featured two 500 spaces marked with a stylized question mark placed on the wheel. If a player landed on one of these mystery wedges and correctly guessed a letter in the puzzle, said contestant was given an option to risk their current winnings by 'flipping' the mystery wedge (contains either a Bankrupt or a special prize which would be awarded if the contestant solved the puzzle), or take a 500 buyout. After one mystery wedge had been flipped, the remaining wedge functions as a regular 500 space.Car Wedge – Used from 13 March 2000 to 9 August 2002, this was a rather convoluted feature that seldom had any outcome. A contestant would need to spin the "car" wedge marked with the logo (such as Proton and Daewoo), choosing the correct consonant and pick the wedge up, then solve the puzzle without landing on the Bankrupt. The contestant have to do the process twice during the first three rounds in order to win the car. Million Dollar Wedge – Introduced in the 2008 revival, the wedge had a "$MILLION" two-pegged space sandwiched by two small Bankrupts. The wedge do not have a monetary value but requires the player to solve the puzzle during the round upon picking up. Unlike other prize wedges, the wedge remain in the contestant's possession throughout the entire game and is still susceptible to Bankrupt hits; the wedge enables a contestant to play for $1 million during the bonus round if the player wins the game with the wedge intact.
Solving a puzzle
From 1981 to 1996, money earned in each round was used to shop for prizes. Any remaining cash also counted towards the player's final score. In early 1996, however, only secured winnings counted. When this was removed in July 1996, contestants were given a set prize upon solving a puzzle. By the end of the year upon solving a puzzle, contestants could choose one of three prizes offered to them. This would continue until 2004 when it was reduced to two prizes.
For Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune, solving a puzzle allowed that player to bank any cash accumulated up to that point.
Speed-Up Round: Final Spin
At some point, when time is running short, a bell rings to indicate the Final Spin of the Wheel. The host spins the Wheel and all remaining consonants in the puzzle are worth the value of the spin. The player in control has his/her arrow determine the round's value. The players take turns calling one letter each including vowels (no cost/value). If the called letter appears in the puzzle, the player has five seconds after the hostess stops moving to try to solve the puzzle. If a player has a Free Spin, he/she can still use it to keep her turn in the speed-up round. Unlike the previous rounds, contestants may give multiple guesses within the time limit. On several episodes, there have been more than one speed-up round.
If a penalty space is landed, the host spins again until a dollar amount is spun. If the host spins up the Bonus wedge, the first player to put a letter on the board gets the prize and the amount under the Bonus wedge is what every letter is worth.
The player with the highest total became the carryover champion; from January–June 1996, only winnings secured by solving puzzles determined the winner. After June 1996, the player with the most points won the championship.
Major Prize Round (The Golden Wheel)
After the winning contestant finishes the Final Spin round, he/she advances to the Major Prize Round. At first, the winner played for a major prize usually worth an average of $4,000. By 1987, the dollar values on the wheel were replaced with the names of major prizes with at least one wedge being a new car. The contestant is given help with the final puzzle in the form of consonants and vowels; they start with two consonants and one vowel to start with, plus an additional consonant for every ($)2,000 scored in the main game. Theoretically a maximum of ($)38,000, can be earned so as to call every consonant. The winning contestant then gets 10 seconds to solve the puzzle and win the prize. Contestants can make many guesses during the time limit so long it does not expire. If a champion failed to solve the puzzle, any score would carry over to the next episode; however, once a major prize is won, the value is reset back to zero.
The round has sometimes tweaked its format. In the 1995 Family Week, contestants were given 5 consonants and vowel to choose from regardless of score. In the 1997 Celebrity Week, contestants were given the common letters R, S and E, and then had to choose a further 2 consonants and a vowel. In the 22nd Anniversary State Challenge of 2003, the winner of the grand final was given 5 consonants and 2 vowels.
Since its debut in 1987, there were two gold-silver car wedges on the Golden Wheel. On the 1,500th episode in 1988, an additional car wedge was added. On a few occasions, additional car wedges were increased by one each day it was not won. The car has never, however, regularly appeared on the wheel for more than three times.
On 15 July 1996, the Golden Wheel was briefly replaced with a selection of five envelopes. The hostess would bring them over to the contestant, the contestant would pick an envelope and then the host opened it up and revealed what the prize was as opposed to revealing it after the round is over. This was retired around September 1996 and it reintroduced the Golden Wheel with a redesign which would later be used over the remainder of the original series.
From 2000 to 2004, a new progressive jackpot system was added in addition to the car wedges (most of which were from Proton and Daewoo). The jackpot starts at $2,000 with another $100 increasing to the pot every night it was unclaimed. Two "Jackpot" slivers were sandwiched on one of the "Car" wedges. The highest jackpot won was $25,000 (added to the car, a combined prize of almost $50,000). This, and the $5,000 prize on the 5,000th episode, was one of only two cash prizes offered on the show.
From 2004 to 2006, The Golden Wheel saw the number of car wedges decreased to two when it featured a Renault and finally three with a Mitsubishi until the closing of its run on the Seven Network.
In the 2008 revival, the standard top prize (white spaces) was increased to $200,000. The car wedges (purple spaces) also returned but only two spaces are in play. For the beginning of the series, the number of $200,000 wedges started at one and increases one for every night until it was won. The same procedure then occurred with the car wedges starting with two. If a player acquired the Million Dollar wedge in the main game, one $200,000 space would be replaced with the $1 million top prize.
Celebrity weeks
Occasionally celebrities play for home viewers, with those viewers earning the prizes and total of the amounts their winning celebrity spun during the game in actual cash. At the end of the week, all those winning home viewers were entered in a drawing to win a car.
There was also a weekly series airing Saturday nights in 1990 and 1991 called "Celebrity Wheel of Fortune".
The 5,000th episode
On 21 March 2006, "Wheel of Fortune" celebrated a major milestone, as its 5,000th episode went to air on the Seven Network. An extra element was added to the special show where contestants had the chance to win $5,000 in cash. Two yellow "$5,000" wedges were added to the Round 1 wheel. A third was added to Round 2's wheel. If a contestant was to spin it up and select a correct letter, they would have 5,000 added to their score, but to win the actual money, they had to solve the puzzle (in the same way as the Surprise and Mystery wedges). In Round 2, one of the contestants did spin up the "$5,000" wedge and the Surprise wedge and solved the puzzle, winning over $10,000 in cash and prizes for that round. The other $5,000 wedges were removed for Round 3.
Champions
Record-breaking champions include:
Donovan Newton, $63,110 August 1996 (during the Tony Barber era)
Dell Edwards, $68,000 12 July 2001 (amount unknown, rounded off)
Moita Lindgren, $72,917 August 24 & 27, 2001 (mathematical mistake)
At the time of going to air, champion Luke Seager (2004) was the 4th biggest winner of all time, and the second longest champion in terms of nights on air represented. Luke credited his longevity on the wheel (10 nights) to the fact that most newcomers to the show did not comprehend the importance of controlling the wheel. His reign as champion still rates amongst the highest ratings period the program has ever enjoyed.
Presenters
Wheel of Fortune in Australia has had many hosts, hostesses and announcers through its long history. They include:
Hosts
Ernie Sigley (July 1981 – June 1984)
John Burgess (June 1984 – July 1996)
Tony Barber (July – December 1996)
Rob Elliott (January 1997 – December 2003)
Steve Oemcke (January 2004 – December 2005)
Larry Emdur (January 2006 – July 2006)
Tim Campbell (May 2008 – June 2008)
Co-hosts
Adriana Xenides (July 1981 – November 1996, July 1997 – June 1999)
Kerrie Friend (January 1997 – July 1997, as a long-term replacement for Xenides)
Sophie Falkiner (July 1999 – December 2005)
Laura Csortan (January 2006 – July 2006)
Kelly Landry (May 2008 – June 2008)
Announcers
Steve Curtis (July 1981 – December 1982)
John Dean (January 1983 – December 1985)
John Deeks (January 1986 – December 1995, January 1997 – July 2006)
David Day (January – July 1996)
Ron E. Sparks (July 1996 – December 1996)
Simon Diaz (May – June 2008)
Fill-in hostesses
Kerrie Friend (November 1996, one week; 1997, seven months)
Terasa Livingstone (November 1996, one week)
Cecilia Yates (December 1996, one week)
Bridget Adams (December 1996, one week)
Sonia Kruger (1998, two weeks)
Tania Zaetta (December 1996, one week; 1999, two weeks)
Mel Symons (2003, two weeks)
TimelineJuly 1981: The first episode to air. At the time the studio was identical to the American version at that time.1984: Red, yellow, and green sunbursts replace the green glitter backdrop, somewhat similar to the red, yellow, and blue sunbursts in the American version. The puzzleboard design is unchanged and was later slightly remodified in colour.June 1984: John Burgess replaces Ernie Sigley as host.1989: The show changes its timeslot from 5:00pm to 5:30pm.Late 1992: Sunburst backdrops are replaced with cones and the green backdrop becomes turquoise. A new colour scheme for the wheel is introduced.June 1994: John Burgess celebrates his 10th anniversary as host. It wasn't until October that an episode commemorating the milestone was shot and aired. The celebratory episode the background also changed from blue to yellow as well.1995: The theme music and the show's logo are updated. The set background colour now changes back to blue. By the middle of the year, an illuminated light box used to display the puzzle's category was removed with the category now displayed as on screen graphics.January 1996: The 1996 season premiere commences with a new puzzleboard consisting of an extra row added to the existing three rows of trilons. John Burgess has shaved the moustache, and David Day becomes the new announcer following John Deeks' departure to host Family Feud. The champion is no longer the one with the highest accumulated score, he/she now needs to have secured the most cash upon solving a puzzle.15 July 1996: The show relocated to Sydney with Tony Barber replacing John Burgess as host and Ron E Sparks replaces David Day as announcer. A new set and its theme music with the wheel mounted on a 20° incline was unveiled. Until late 1998, landing on a Bankrupt now expunges all the contestant's winnings regardless of the puzzles solved, and as such, the champion once again is the person with the highest accumulated score at the end of the last puzzle. The turquoise backdrop changes to blue. The Golden Wheel is replaced with envelopes, and the bonus round is played in front of the wheel instead of behind the wheel from the central podium, with a trend that would continue once the wheel was spun following the reintroduction of the Golden Wheel.19 August 1996: The former theme music is returned. An attempt is made to have both themes co-exist together with a derivative of the new theme music used to introduce the new contestants each night. The on-screen visuals now featured an on-screen timer display in the Major Prize Round.October 1996: Following the Family Week special, the main game reverts to a three-round format. Top Dollar prize is introduced and a new prize-shop is introduced where contestants choose a prize out of the selection of three offered to them upon solving a puzzle. The co-existence of both themes cease in favour of the reintroduced theme music and associated sound effects..18 November 1996: Kerrie Friend becomes the first substitute hostess in the show's history after Adriana Xenides took a sick leave.6 January 1997: Rob Elliott replaces Tony Barber as host. Kerrie Friend returns to the puzzleboard as a long-term replacement for Adriana Xenides until July 4. John Deeks returns to the booth as announcer. The Surprise wedge and the Red Mystery Letter are later returned.July 1999: Sophie Falkiner replaced Adriana Xenides as hostess.13 March 2000: Car wedges are introduced on the wheel beginning its run with the Proton (later Daewoo in 2001) wedge. The top values are now tweaked to 750, 1500, and 2500 respectively. A progressive cash jackpot is added on the Golden Wheel, starting at $2,000 and adding another $100 each episode until the jackpot is claimed.13 June 2000: Wheel celebrates its 4,000th episode, and four car wedges are placed on the Golden Wheel.2003: The Mystery Round is introduced along with Mystery wedges, similar to the American version's namesake round first introduced a year prior. The Bonus, Surprise, and "car" wedges are retired in favour of the new round. 11 August 2003: The set background changes to purple with another update to the show's logo. The bonus round is now played in front of the video wall next to the puzzle board instead of in front of the Wheel, in addition, First episode in HD.9 February 2004: Steve Oemcke replaces Rob Elliott as host. The set is updated that is similar to the American version (at the time), with a revamped electronic touchscreen puzzleboard replacing the trilons (similar to the American version which made the change in 1997) and eggcrate display replacing the seven-segment display and the addition of Flip Ups and Prize Puzzles. The timeslot changes back to 5:00pm as part of the Wheel and Deal hour, with Deal Or No Deal taking the previous Wheel slot.Late 2005: Larry Emdur and Laura Csortan replace Steve Oemcke and Sophie Falkiner as host and hostess respectively after it was announced by Sunrise hosts David Koch & Melissa Doyle.30 January 2006: The show returns to air after a year's hiatus. The whole set is revamped with the remaining of the letters' font, the theme music and the wheel. Wheel moves to Pyrmont from Epping's studios, with another update of the set, such as a puzzleboard with a blue border that changes colour and features light animation, similar to the American version; the LG flat screen plasmas replace the Contestant Trapezoid backdrops that animate during events on the show, such as landing on Bankrupt, bell sound, or solving the puzzle, and the return of Surprise wedge.March 2006: The show celebrates its 5,000th episode with multiple chances to win $5,000.July 2006: The show celebrates 25 years on Australia television on 21 July, and ends its run on the Seven Network a week later on 28 July. 20 unaired episodes were aired featuring Steve Oemcke, Sophie Falkiner and the old set (see the 2004 section) from 2005, before it was shelved.May 2008''': Wheel of Fortune is picked up by the Nine Network now known as Million Dollar Wheel of Fortune'' and hosted by Tim Campbell. The show runs only five weeks on air due to low ratings and negative reviews, including one where Burgess and Xenides had an argument about why they both disliked the show. Despite the low ratings, the Million Dollar wedge (with one slight modification in that it can be picked up in the first three rounds) is adopted in the United States for the ensuing season in September.
See also
Family Feud
List of longest-running Australian television series
The Chase Australia
Letters and Numbers
Sale of the Century (Australian game show)
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show)
References
External links
Wheel of Fortune at the National Film and Sound Archive
1981 Australian television series debuts
2008 Australian television series endings
1980s Australian game shows
1990s Australian game shows
2000s Australian game shows
English-language television shows
Nine Network original programming
Seven Network original programming
Network 10 original programming
Television series by Reg Grundy Productions
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Roulette and wheel games
Wheel of Fortune (franchise)
Australian television series based on American television series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel%20of%20Fortune%20%28Australian%20game%20show%29 |
The history of coins in the area that is now Romania spans over a 2500-year period; coins were first introduced in significant numbers to this area by the Greeks, through their colonies on the Black Sea shore.
Ancient coins
The earliest documented currency in the Romanian territory was an 8-gram silver drachma, issued by the Greek polis (πολις, city) Histria (in the region that is now the Dobruja) in the year 480 BC. It was followed by other coins issued by other Greek poleis in Dobruja. In the 4th century BC, the coins of Macedonian kings Philip II and Alexander the Great were used in Dacia, but also indigenous coins including the celebrated gold kosoni (named so after the Dacian King depicted on most of the coins, Koson or Coson). In the 3rd century BC or 2nd century BC, Dacian minting increased in intensity. In parallel with the local coins in Dacia, coins from Macedonia Prima, Thasos, Apollonia and Dyrrachium also circulated. Similarly, Roman coins such as Republican and Imperial denarii also circulated in the Dacian territory, even before the Roman occupation, much as they continued to circulate even after the Aurelian retreat, later replaced by Byzantine money.
Middle Ages
Soon after their founding, the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia each minted their own silver coins. Wallachia minted their first coins during the rule of Vlaicu Vodă (1364–1377) and Moldavia during the rule of Petru I (1375–1391).
In Moldavia, coins used the size and weight of the Grosh, while Wallachia minted both Grosh and Hungarian Denarii. In both countries, early coins had alternately Latin and Cyrillic inscriptions. Early Wallachian coins bear the coat of arms of the Basarab dynasty and have written with Latin script Transalpina (an alternative name of Wallachia).
The minting of silver coins being known as aspri, a name derived from Greek áspron, increased in the first half of the 15th century, but then ceased completely in Wallachia during the rule of Vladislav II (1447–1456) and in Moldavia during the rule of Ștefăniță Vodă (1517–1527). Apparently, a major reason in this was the lack of a steady supply of silver (neither Wallachia nor Moldavia have their own silver resources), as well as increasing trade, which brought coins that replaced the local ones. The only city that continued to mint coins was Cetatea Albă, in Moldavia.
In contracts and other documents, the numbers written were not actual numbers of the coins, but their value in a standard system: for example, the standard often used the gold system, but the payments were done with the local silver coins.
The earliest standard in Wallachia was the perper, derived from the Byzantine gold coin hipérpyron, which was replaced in the 15th-century Italian system of the ducat and the florin.
In Moldavia, the Lithuanian Grosh was replaced with the Zlot Tătăresc (Tatar Zlot), which, despite its name, was not minted by the Tatars, but it was a coin minted in the Genoese colony of Caffa.
Many different coins circulated in the Romanian lands over the course of centuries: Turkish thalers, Hungarian and Austrian guilders (known in Romania as galbeni), zloti, Russian carboave, Venerian zecchini, over 100 currencies in all.
Toward the end of the 16th century, a new coin began to be used in Wallachia and Moldavia, as well as in other parts of the Ottoman Empire: the Dutch Daalder. These coins bear a lion on them (hence Dutch leeuwendaalder, German löwenthaler) and the name of the coin became abbreviated known as leu (plural lei), which is still the name of the Romanian and Moldovan currencies. The Ottomans minted coins imitating the Dutch silver daalders and these coins were known as piaștri, Piastre.
Modern times
Through the Organic Regulations adopted in 1831 in Wallachia and in 1832 in Moldova stabilized the coinage used in the Romanian Lands: the Austrian florin and a silver coin known to numismatists as the Zwainziger from Zwanziger, "twentieth", the Tyrolian kreuzer, worth 20 Veronese denarii (in German Berner, in Latin denarii cruciati, cruciati meaning "crossed", from the cross on the coin).
As a recognition of unification, prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza wanted to mint a coin, to be called români or romanat following Ion Heliade Rădulescu. This proved impossible, given the amount of metal in the possession of his state and the power of the Ottomans, who did not accept that their vassal state should have its own currency.
References
V. Costăchel, P. P. Panaitescu, A. Cazacu. (1957) Viața feudală în Țara Românească și Moldova (secolele XIV–XVI) ("Feudal life in the Romanian and Moldovan Land (14th–16th centuries)", București, Editura Științifică
Dicționar de istorie veche a României ("Dictionary of ancient Romanian history") (1976) Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică, pp. 401–411
External links
Medieval Coins of Moldavia and Wallachia
Coins | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20coins%20in%20Romania |
Channel One is a recording studio in Maxfield Avenue, West Kingston, Jamaica. The studio was built by the Hoo Kim brothers in 1972, and has had a profound influence on the development of reggae music.
History
Joseph Hoo Kim's parents ran a bar and ice cream parlour in Kingston, and Kim became interested in opening a studio after visiting Dynamic Sound with John Holt. He purchased the API studio console for $38,000 and allowed other producers to record at Channel One without charge after it opened to build up custom. When it opened Channel One's tape recorders were capable of recording on a maximum of only four tracks. There were early problems with the studio's sound, with Bunny Lee recording an album there with Alton Ellis which he didn't release due to these issues. The problems were resolved within a year, and the first hit single was recorded at the studio was Delroy Wilson's 1973 recording of "It's a Shame".
In 1975, the studio was upgraded to a 16-track recorder which enabled engineers to record each instrument distinctly, lending intricacy to dub mixes and giving rise to the "rockers" sound. According to 2006's Caribbean Popular Music, the studio became widely known after the 1976 release of The Mighty Diamonds' Right Time. Other artists to have successful recordings at the studio include Horace Andy, Leroy Smart, The Wailing Souls, The Meditations, Ernest Wilson, The Jays, and Jimmy Cliff, whose Follow My Mind album was recorded there.
The studio's house band, The Revolutionaries, were one of the top studio bands of the 1970s with a tremendous impact on the formation of reggae music in the mid 70s, essentially driven by the innovative drumming styles of Sly Dunbar.
Joseph ran the studio and was credited as producer, Ernest acted as studio engineer, and Paul ran the sound system associated with the studio. Kenneth began producing in the 1980s. They became less involved after the second oldest brother Paul was killed in 1977, but it remained popular with other producers into the 1980s, with Sly and Robbie and Henry "Junjo" Lawes recording many of their productions there. The studio closed in the early 1990s. Kenneth Hoo Kim died from lung cancer in October 2013, aged 66.
Channel One is also the name of the brothers' sound system and record label.
References
Reggae
Recording studios in Jamaica
Buildings and structures in Kingston, Jamaica | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%20One%20Studios |
In mathematics, a Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) is a machine learning technique that uses Bayesian inference to obtain parsimonious solutions for regression and probabilistic classification.
The RVM has an identical functional form to the support vector machine, but provides probabilistic classification.
It is actually equivalent to a Gaussian process model with covariance function:
where is the kernel function (usually Gaussian), are the variances of the prior on the weight vector
, and are the input vectors of the training set.
Compared to that of support vector machines (SVM), the Bayesian formulation of the RVM avoids the set of free parameters of the SVM (that usually require cross-validation-based post-optimizations). However RVMs use an expectation maximization (EM)-like learning method and are therefore at risk of local minima. This is unlike the standard sequential minimal optimization (SMO)-based algorithms employed by SVMs, which are guaranteed to find a global optimum (of the convex problem).
The relevance vector machine was patented in the United States by Microsoft (patent expired September 4, 2019).
See also
Kernel trick
Platt scaling: turns an SVM into a probability model
References
Software
dlib C++ Library
The Kernel-Machine Library
rvmbinary: R package for binary classification
scikit-rvm
fast-scikit-rvm, rvm tutorial
External links
Tipping's webpage on Sparse Bayesian Models and the RVM
A Tutorial on RVM by Tristan Fletcher
Applied tutorial on RVM
Comparison of RVM and SVM
Classification algorithms
Kernel methods for machine learning
Nonparametric Bayesian statistics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relevance%20vector%20machine |
The Kindness of Women is a 1991 novel by British author J. G. Ballard, a sequel to his 1984 novel Empire of the Sun. The Kindness of Women drew on the author's boyhood in Shanghai during World War II, presenting a lightly fictionalized treatment of Ballard's life from Shanghai through to adulthood in England, culminating with an account of the making of Steven Spielberg's 1987 film Empire of the Sun. A non-fiction account of the same experiences can be found in Ballard's autobiography, Miracles of Life.
It was first published in the UK by HarperCollins and in the U.S. by Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Plot introduction
The Kindness of Women is semi-autobiographical, and discusses Jim's departure from China, where he had been born and had been interned, to visit England, other parts of Europe and the United States.
Jim is obsessed with two themes throughout the book: sex and death. The numerous sexual encounters are described in clinical and cold terms. The act of sex becomes a dispassionate observation of the male and female genitalia. Too often Jim is unaroused, and has to be "worked on" by his female partner.
When Jim leaves the Japanese camp at the end of the war, he is 15 years old and alone. He witnesses a murder of a Chinese clerk at a railway station, a slow, casual murder, committed by a Japanese soldier in the immediate aftermath of the Atomic bomb. Jim cannot intervene; he knows he, too, could be killed in just as casual a manner. As he walks away towards Shanghai, Jim's life has changed forever.
Jim tries and fails to find a niche in post-war England. Failing to complete his studies as a medical student, he decides to be a pilot. But his motives are strange: convinced that World War III is around the corner, he wants to be one of the bombers, carrying his own "pieces of the sun" to annihilate and, more importantly, to recapture the light he saw at the railway station, where the Chinese clerk died.
He finds happiness in his wife and children but, as a young father and husband in the 1960s, he becomes aware of a certain trend towards violence and the ever-intrusive camera lens. This leads him to believe that the world has become desensitized to the violent images they see on the TV screens day after day: Kennedy's assassination in particular, and the images being screened from Vietnam.
The title refers to women who helped him after the death of his wife, but Jim's view of life is distorted and strange. This makes him ideal material for LSD experiments, but he soon dismisses this. His view of humanity is that of a constant need to view lives and violence, and indeed, sex, through a camera, via TV.
Ballard has declared that the book is the story of his life "seen through the mirror of the fiction prompted by that life". He also said that "Most of the characters in Kindness of Women are complete inventions."
References
Sources
Rossi, Umberto. "Mind is the Battlefield: Reading Ballard's 'Life Trilogy' as War Literature", J. Baxter (ed.), J.G. Ballard, Contemporary Critical Perspectives, London, Continuum, 2008, 66-77.
External links
The Terminal Collection: JG Ballard First Editions
1991 British novels
British autobiographical novels
Farrar, Straus and Giroux books
HarperCollins books
Novels by J. G. Ballard
Sequel novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Kindness%20of%20Women |
In Christian theology, conditional election is the belief that God chooses for eternal salvation those whom he foresees will have faith in Christ. This belief emphasizes the importance of a person's free will. The counter-view is known as unconditional election, and is the belief that God chooses whomever he will, based solely on his purposes and apart from an individual's free will. It has long been an issue in Calvinist–Arminian debate.
Arminian doctrine
The doctrine of conditional election is most often associated with the Arminian churches. The Arminians have defended their belief against the doctrine of other Calvinist churches since the early 17th century when they submitted the following statement of doctrine to the Reformed Churches of the Low Countries:
See also
Corporate election, an alternative Arminian view
Conditional security, a related doctrine
Predestination
References
Salvation in Protestantism
Arminianism
Christian terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional%20election |
The Republic of Alba was a short-lived state that existed from 10 October to 2 November 1944 in Alba, northern Italy, as a local resistance against Italian fascism during World War II, and which was part of the so-called Italian Partisan Republics, the first of which was the Republic of Corniolo. It was named after the Napoleonic Republic of Alba that existed in 1796 in Piedmont.
Occupation of Alba
On October 10, 1944, partisans occupied the city almost without conflict since the fascist contingents under had abandoned the city following negotiations with the partisans mediated by the Curia. The partisans were mostly from Alpini divisions led by Enrico Martini.
The partisan government
Command of the city was assumed by Carletto Morelli, while the civil administration continued under chosen local officials.
The fascist counterattack
Fascist troops gathered at Bra and Pollenzo with reinforcements from Turin. They attempted to reach Tanaro by ford after October 24 but were repulsed, suffering 11 casualties including their commanding officer.
Quotes
See also
Italian Partisan Republics
Italian resistance movement
References
1944 in Italy
Republic of Alba (1944)
Modern history of Italy
Italian states
States and territories established in 1944
States and territories disestablished in 1944
History of Piedmont
1944 establishments in Europe
1944 disestablishments in Europe
Italian resistance movement
Italian partisan republics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic%20of%20Alba%20%281944%29 |
Mercenaria is a genus of edible saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams.
The genus Mercenaria includes the quahogs, consisting of Mercenaria mercenaria, the northern quahog or hard clam, and M. campechiensis, the southern quahog. These two species commonly hybridise where their ranges overlap.
Mercenaria mercenaria is further subdivided in the marketplace and thence in the kitchen by size: the largest being the quahog or chowder clam, then smaller cherrystones, and smallest littlenecks; some markets also differentiate top necks which are intermediate in size between cherrystones and littlenecks. The smaller clams are eaten raw throughout New England, New York, and New Jersey; the larger clams are more suited for cooking.
Other species within the genus include the venus clam M. stimpsoni found in north Pacific waters. All these species were formerly placed in the related genus Venus.
Species
The World Register of Marine Species accepts the following extant species as valid:
Mercenaria campechiensis (Gmelin, 1791) – Southern quahog
Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758) – Northern quahog
Mercenaria stimpsoni (Gould, 1861) – Venus clam
Mercenaria texana (Dall, 1902)
Fossils species
Several other species are known only from fossils. These mollusk lived from Oligocene to Quaternary (from 23.03 to 0.0 Ma). Fossil shells have been found in the sediments of Russia, Japan, Indonesia, United States and Brazil.
†Mercenaria blakei Ward 1992
†Mercenaria campechiensis Gmelin, 1791
†Mercenaria campechiensis carolinensis Conrad 1875
†Mercenaria campechiensis rileyi Conrad 1838
†Mercenaria campechiensis tridacnoides Lamarck 1818
†Mercenaria capax Conrad 1843
†Mercenaria cuneata Conrad 1869
†Mercenaria druidi Ward 1992
†Mercenaria ducatelli Conrad 1838
†Mercenaria erecta Kellum 1926
†Mercenaria gardnerae Kellum 1926
†Mercenaria langdoni Dall 1900
†Mercenaria nannodes Gardner 1947
†Mercenaria permagna Conrad 1838
†Mercenaria plena Conrad 1869
†Mercenaria plena inflata Dall 1903
†Mercenaria plena nucea Dall 1903
†Mercenaria prodroma Gardner 1947
†Mercenaria tetrica Conrad 1838
Pearls
The northern quahog clam is known for producing very rare and collectible, non-nacreous pearls known for their purple color. Quahog pearls are often button-shaped, and can range in color from white to lavender, to purple.
Bibliography
W. S. Arnold, T. M. Bert, D. C. Marelli, H. Cruz-Lopez, P. A. Gill Genotype-specific growth of hard clams (genus Mercenaria) in a hybrid zone: variation among habitats
John Norman Kraeuter, Michael Castagna Biology of the Hard Clam
References
Veneridae
Extant Oligocene first appearances
Bivalve genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercenaria |
Su Hart (born 3 September 1959) is a British musician, living in Bath, UK, and vocalist of the band Baka Beyond which was formed in 1992, when she and her partner, guitar, mandolin and bouzouki player Martin Cradick (formerly of the group Outback) travelled to south-east Cameroon to live with the Baka tribe (hunter-gatherer Pygmies) in the rainforest and record their music. The band was inspired by the Baka, "one of the oldest and most sensitive musical cultures on earth".
The Baka
The encounter with the Baka was to set their lives in a new direction. "It was the amazing bird-like singing or yelli that first attracted me, ... The women get together before the dawn to sing, enchant the animals of the forest and ensure that the men's hunting will be successful. Song and dance are used by the Baka for healing, for rituals, for keeping the community together and also for pure fun"
She frequently travels to other countries to pick up musical influences.
Su Hart founded the Walcot State Choir in Bath in 2000 and has directed it since. As well as meeting regularly every Tuesday in term time, the choir has collaborated in cultural exchanges with the Ensemble Vocal Maitres Et Maitresses of Auch, France, and choirs in Kaposvar which is twinned with Bath, and the Brunnenpassage Choir in Vienna.
In 2013, she helped to run the Shakti Sings Choir at the Glastonbury Festival, writing songs to raise ecological awareness.
References
External links
Baka Beyond
1heart Charity
Su Hart's website
English buskers
Living people
1959 births
People from Gateshead
Musicians from Tyne and Wear
English folk musicians
British world music musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%20Hart |
France competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Men
Men's combined
Women
Biathlon
Men
Men's 4 × 7.5 km relay
Women
Women's 4 × 7.5 km relay
1 A penalty loop of 150 metres had to be skied per missed target.
2 Starting delay based on 10 km sprint results.
3 One minute added per missed target.
4 Starting delay based on 7.5 km sprint results.
Bobsleigh
Men
Cross-country skiing
Men
Pursuit
1 Starting delay based on 10 km C. results.
C = Classical style, F = Freestyle
4 × 10 km relay
Women
Pursuit
2 Starting delay based on 5 km C. results.
C = Classical style, F = Freestyle
Curling
Men's competition
Group stage
Top four teams advanced to semi-finals.
|}
Contestants
Figure skating
Men
Women
Ice Dancing
Freestyle skiing
Men
Women
Ice hockey
Men's tournament
Preliminary round - Group B
Top team (shaded) advanced to the first round.
Consolation round
13th place match
Team roster
Cristobal Huet
Fabrice Lhenry
Patrick Rolland
Allan Carriou
Vincent Bachet
Karl Dewolf
Jean-François Bonnard
Denis Perez
Benoit Pourtanel
Baptiste Amar
Benoit Bachelet
Stéphane Barin
Arnaud Briand
Maurice Rozenthal
Laurent Meunier
Francis Rozenthal
Philippe Bozon
Yorick Treille
Guillaume Besse
Jonathan Zwikel
Anthony Mortas
Richard Aimonetto
Laurent Gras
Head coach: Heikki Leime
Luge
Men
Women
Nordic combined
Men's sprint
Events:
large hill ski jumping
7.5 km cross-country skiing
Men's individual
Events:
normal hill ski jumping
15 km cross-country skiing
Men's Team
Four participants per team.
Events:
normal hill ski jumping
5 km cross-country skiing
Short track speed skating
Men
Women
Skeleton
Men
Ski jumping
Men's team large hill
1 Four teams members performed two jumps each.
Snowboarding
Men's parallel giant slalom
Men's halfpipe
Women's parallel giant slalom
Women's halfpipe
Speed skating
Men
References
Olympic Winter Games 2002, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 2002 Winter Olympics
2002
Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France%20at%20the%202002%20Winter%20Olympics |
William David Murray, 4th Earl of Mansfield, 3rd Earl of Mansfield, KT, DL (21 February 1806 – 1 August 1898) was a British Conservative politician.
The son of David William Murray, 3rd Earl of Mansfield, and Frederica Markham, daughter of William Markham, Archbishop of York, he succeeded his father in 1840 to the Earldom of Mansfield (1792 creation), and grandmother, Louisa Murray, 2nd Countess of Mansfield, in 1843 as Earl of Mansfield (1776 creation).
Murray was Tory Member of Parliament for Aldborough in 1830; for Woodstock in 1831; for Norwich from 1832 to 1837, and for Perthshire from 1837 to 1840. He served as a Lord of the Treasury in Sir Robert Peel's Administration from 1834 to 1835.
Murray was appointed Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1852, 1858 and 1859. He was Lieutenant-Colonel of the Stirlingshire Militia from 1828 to 1855, Lord Lieutenant of Clackmannanshire from 1852, hereditary keeper of Scone Palace, and Senior Member of the Carlton Club.
He was appointed a Knight of the Thistle in 1843 and was for a time Senior Knight.
He died in 1898. In 1829 he had married Louisa, daughter of Cuthbert Ellison, Hebburn Hall, Durham, and they had one daughter and one son, Lady Louisa Murray who married third son of Henry Lascelles, 3rd Earl of Harewood and William David Murray, Viscount Stormont, who predeceased him. He was succeeded by his grandson, William, 8th Lord Balvaird.
Arms
References
External links
1806 births
1898 deaths
Deputy Lieutenants of Perthshire
4
Knights of the Thistle
William
British Militia officers
Lord-Lieutenants of Clackmannanshire
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Murray, William David
Mansfield, E4
Lords High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
Dunbar, William Murray, 4th Earl of | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Murray%2C%204th%20Earl%20of%20Mansfield |
Alor Setar Tower (), also known as Kedah Tower is a 4-story, 165.5-meter-tall telecommunication tower in Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia, It is Malaysia's third tallest tower, the tallest structure in the state and the tallest structure in the city.
Apart from serving the role of a telecommunication tower, it also caters as a tourist destination for the town. The tower also houses some restaurants and a souvenir shop. The tower is an observatory tower to look for the crescent moon to mark the beginning of Muslim months such as Ramadhan, Shawwal, and Zulhijjah, to celebrate Ramadhan, Hari Raya Aidilfitri and Hari Raya Aidiladha, respectively.
The observation deck is at a height of from the base of the structure.
Also, the open deck or skydeck is at a height of and the antenna tower is with the height of .
History
Before Alor Setar Tower was built, the tallest structure in Kedah was Holiday Villa Alor Setar, which is . Located at the Alor Setar City Centre, it was built in 1994. It is also the second structure in Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia to surpass after Penang's Komtar. Alor Setar Tower was started in 1994, topped-out in 1995, it surpassed the previous Holiday Villa Alor Setar, became the third to surpass . The tower was completed in 1996. Opened in 14 August 1997 by Mahathir Mohamad, who was the prime minister at the time.
Following the completion of the Alor Setar Tower, many high-rise and low-rise buildings started taking shape, including Amansuri Residences, Aman Central, SADA Tower, G Residence Alor Setar, VIVRE Residence, AS100, and AMEX Alor Mengkudu.
Gallery
Channels listed by frequency
Television
TV Alhijrah UHF 559.25 MHz (Ch 32)
Radio
Fly FM 99.1 MHz
Buletin FM 107.3 MHz
Menara Alor Setar is a telecommunication tower in Alor Setar, Kedah and a popular tourist destination in the northern region. With a total height of , it is the third tallest telecommunication tower in Malaysia (behind the Kuala Lumpur Tower, and the newly opened Kuantan 188, , managed by Menara Kuala Lumpur Sdn. Bhd, a subsidiary of Telekom Malaysia Berhad (TM), and it was surpassed by Kuantan 188 as the second tallest tower in 2020.
The design of Alor Setar Tower is inspired from the Kedah’s state nickname ‘Jelapang Padi' which refers to the geographical landscape of the state that is dominated by rows of paddy field with the structure of the tower represents 'Serumpun Padi' or the tied rice clusters, while the large pillar supporting the tower structure implies the 'Tiang Seri', symbolizes the strength of the people of Kedah Darul Aman.
Menara Alor Setar provides telecommunications and broadcasting services as well as a variety of other facilities for visitors which include the observation deck located at above sea level with five sets of automated binoculars. There is also Megaview Banquet Hall at height providing facilities for functions such as meetings, seminars, courses, luncheon, afternoon tea, dinner and more for government agencies, corporate bodies, NGOs, associations, etc.
At height, there is also Menara Alor Setar's Revolving Restaurant which provides dining in the sky experience hence represents the highest restaurant in Kedah. This restaurant is a suitable place for all occasions such as wedding, dinner, lunch, anniversary celebration and many more.
Recently Menara Alor Setar introduced a unique attraction that will give visitors a new experience called ‘STAR VIEW’, two units of glass box built on the Open Deck at a height of using the state's official colors; green (facing north) and yellow (facing south).
To complete the new experience for visitors, the Open Deck has been enhanced with a comfortable waiting area and a hydraulic lift to take visitors from Megaview Banquet Hall (TH03) to 'STAR VIEW' (TH04) in addition to the interesting and exclusive floor design and wall finishes.
"The initiative and idea to build the 'STAR VIEW' on the Open Deck of Menara Alor Setar has been inspired by the success of two Sky Box units built on the Sky Deck, Menara Kuala Lumpur". (*photo credit-drone_tech_imaging)
Design
The design of the tower is from Tiang Seri.
References
External links
Menara Alor Star Official Website
Telekom Malaysia Bhd Official Website
Tourism Malaysia - Alor Setar Tower
Buildings and structures in Kedah
Menara Alor Setar
TM Group of Companies
Towers in Malaysia
Towers with revolving restaurants
Tourist attractions in Kedah
1997 establishments in Malaysia
Alor Setar
Radio masts and towers
Towers completed in 1997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alor%20Setar%20Tower |
The Support Our Scouts Act of 2005 was passed as part of the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2006 (Public Law 109-148, Division A, Title VIII, Sec. 8126) to prevent Local, State and Federal agencies from reducing their support for the Boy Scouts of America (and other youth organization). The bill was passed in the wake of a number of controversies involving the Boy Scouts of America, such as their exclusion of gays and atheists, and subsequent attempts to limit government support of the organization.
Legislative language
In particular, the bill states:
No Federal law... shall be construed to limit any Federal agency from providing any form of support for a youth organization (including the Boy Scouts of America or any group officially affiliated with the Boy Scouts of America) that would result in that Federal agency providing less support to that youth organization... than was provided during the preceding fiscal year.
The Secretary of Defense shall provide at least the same level of support under this section for a national or world Boy Scout Jamboree as was provided under this section for the preceding national or world Boy Scout Jamboree.
No State or unit of general local government that has a designated open forum, limited public forum, or nonpublic forum and that is a recipient of assistance under this title shall deny equal access or a fair opportunity to meet to, or discriminate against, any youth organization, including the Boy Scouts of America or any group officially affiliated with the Boy Scouts of America, that wishes to conduct a meeting or otherwise participate in that designated open forum, limited public forum, or nonpublic forum.
In October 2005, the Senate agreed to include the proposed legislation as an amendment (S.Amdt.2054) to the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2006 by unanimous consent and, after holding a joint conference with the House to reconcile differences with each of their own versions of the appropriations bill, passed the Senate 93 - 0 in December 2005 (H.R.2863, Sec. 8126.)
Impact
SOSA was signed into law along with the entire Appropriations bill by President George W. Bush on December 30, 2005. Earlier in the year, Bush had indicated his support for the act.
Scout leaders welcomed the legislation because it protected them "against constant attempts to exclude the organization from the public realm." Since the enactment of the act, no new restrictions on Boy Scout access to public facilities have been reported to have been initiated. In the Appellate Decision regarding Winkler v. Rumsfeld, the Appellate Court cited the act as showing the will of Congress to allow Boy Scouts continued access.
See also
Good News Club v. Milford Central School (2001); Supreme Court case that established the precedent legislated by the Support our Scouts Act
References
External links
Full Text of the Act from the Library of Congress (See Division A, Title VII, Section 8126.)
Article on the Support Our Scouts Act from a site critical of the Boy Scouts of America
Acts of the 109th United States Congress
Boy Scouts of America
Riders to United States federal appropriations legislation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support%20Our%20Scouts%20Act |
Quiapo may refer to:
Quiapo, Chile, a location in Arauco Province
Quiapo, Manila, a district in the Philippines
Quiapo Church
Batang Quiapo (TV series), a night time Philippine television program | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiapo |
Hellum (Gronings: Helm) is a village in the municipality of Midden-Groningen, the Netherlands.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1282 as de Hellum. The etymology is unclear. Hellum is a road village which developed in the 12th century on a sandy ridge.
The church was built in the 13th century as a reconstruction of a church from around 1100. The tower dates from the Middle Ages, however the top has been rebuilt in 1648.
Hellum was home to 693 people in 1840. It used to be part of the municipality of Slochteren. In 2018, it became part of the municipality of Midden-Groningen.
Gallery
References
External links
Populated places in Groningen (province)
Midden-Groningen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellum |
Vishwa Thulasi is a 2004 Tamil-language drama film directed by Sumathy Ram, starring Mammooty and Nandita Das. This film's score and soundtrack were composed by Ilayaraaja and M. S. Viswanathan. The film was notable for having a female director.
Plot
The film, set in the 1940s and moving to the 1960s, revolves around the emotional story of Thulasi returning to her village to become a dance teacher. She cannot bring herself to forget Vishwa, a man she has been in love with for two decades. Memories of Vishwa haunt her constantly, and upon a chance meeting with him, she discovers he too is struggling with his love for her. Both are haunted by the memory of Thulasi's cousin, a figure who is unable to control his obsession for his cousin and hide his resentment at Thulasi's feelings for Vishwa.
Thulasi comes to Sundarapuri after her guardians — her grandma and uncle — pass away, to work as teacher in a dance school. It is in Sundarapuri that Vishwa, the Zamindar whom she had met 20 years ago, lives. They meet again and the feelings that had blossomed in their hearts as teenagers, are revived. Vishwa is unmarried and Thulasi has gone through an unceremonious ritual in the name of matrimony, but fear of societal stigma and innate inhibition keep them asunder.
Sensing their intense love for each other, Pattabhi, the manager at Vishwa's house, helps them overcome their fears. It is then that fate enters in the form of Shiva.
Cast
Mammootty as Vishwa
Nandita Das as Thulasi
Manoj K. Jayan as Shiva
Delhi Ganesh as Pattabhi
Sukumari as Vishwa's mother
Manivannan
Madhan Bob
Kovai Sarala
Vaiyapuri
Kamala Kamesh
Rajesh Vaidya
Ambili Devi as Young Thulasi
Soundtrack
All the songs were composed and orchestrated by M. S. Viswanathan. Background score of the movie was done by Ilaiyaraaja.
Reception
Malini Mannath of Chennai Online wrote that "Though one can appreciate the debutant director's sincerity to give a clean, aesthetic, lyrical film, quite different from the dance-fight-romance routine, one feels 'Vishwa Thulasi' would have made a pleasant video-album. Stretching it to two hours, is stretching it a bit too much!"
Awards
The film has won the following awards since its release:
2005 WorldFest Houston (United States)
Won - Gold Remi Award - Music Score - Ilaiyaraaja, M. S. Viswanathan
Won - Gold Special Jury Award - First Feature - Vishwa Thulasi - Sumathy Ram
Tamil Nadu State Film Award
Won - Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Second Best Film - Second Prize, 2004
Won - Tamil Nadu State Film Award for best Choreography - 2004
References
External links
2004 films
Films set in the 1940s
Indian romantic musical films
Films scored by Ilaiyaraaja
Films scored by M. S. Viswanathan
2000s Tamil-language films
2000s romantic musical films
2004 directorial debut films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vishwa%20Thulasi |
Sands School is a democratic school in Ashburton, Devon in England.
Background
Sands School is the second democratic school in England which was started in 1987 by a group of students and teachers from the recently closed Dartington Hall School. Started in the kitchen of a parent's house, the school quickly established its own philosophy, building on the progressive principles of Dartington. The school's name, Sands, comes from the first letters of the first names of two of the founding teachers, Sean Bellamy and Sybilla Higgs: ‘S and S’, or 'Sands'. This shortening came from the letters written by the school's other founding teacher, David Gribble, to Sean and Sybilla in the spring and summer of 1987. The school grew from its original size of 17, and within six months had moved to a large town house in Ashburton where it is still based today.
Since 1991 it has been at the forefront of IDEC, the worldwide international democratic education movement, and has partner schools in Israel, Japan, U.S.A and most European countries. In 2006 the European branch of this movement was launched, EUDEC, and many Sands students are actively involved in promoting democratic approaches to education both in the private and state sector in the UK and abroad, travelling through Europe to conferences and events aimed at establishing democratic education as a viable alternative to the present educational model. In 2011 the school hosted a combined IDEC and EUDEC conference over ten days with more than 500 people attending from around the world.
Sands is a fee-paying day-school. It now has 70 students aged 11 to 17 and 10 teachers and 5 learning support staff. It offers a range of conventional qualifications including eleven GCSEs, (General Certificate of Secondary Education), BTEC Performing Arts, and LAMDA certificates, and offers students the chance to develop an approach to learning that is personalised and encourages critical thinking and creativity. The exams and lessons offer a medium for the development of open-minded and emotionally intelligent children. There are no uniforms.
Philosophy
At the heart of the model is the idea that students should help design their place of learning and remain actively involved in the making of its rules and contributing to its philosophy; that students and teachers should be equal partners in the running of the school and that students should map their own route through their school careers with guidance from the adults. The result is a place where play is still important even to 16-year-olds, where talking and recreation are valued and students tend to be relaxed, happy and involved in class because they have made a conscious decision to attend. Children can choose what to learn, when to learn and how to learn. They are encouraged to take responsibility for their own learning.
Sands School is run by a weekly School Meeting, which is open to all students and staff and where each person present has one vote, and a School Council consisting of six elected students and an elected teacher; this group investigates and advises on daily events, feeding information back to the school meeting for decisions and action. It has no head teacher.
Praise of standard
The school was inspected by Ofsted in November 2016 and in October 2013 and was found to be ‘Good’ overall with a number of ‘Outstanding’ features. No area of the provision was found to be less than "good" and all of the Statutory regulations (the school "Standards") were met in full. This is the same outcome as the previous inspection in 2010.
The latest report on Sands School gives a clear endorsement of their democratic approach to education. Taking part in decision-making process was observed to develop "exceptional qualities of thoughtfulness and the ability to offer balanced arguments". Good pupil achievements were found to be a "consequence of the democratic structures". Personal development was deemed to be "outstanding" because of the exceptional impact of the democratic principles. The inspector was particularly impressed with pupils’ behaviour, noting that "lessons took place in an atmosphere of mutual respect" and that "visitors were greeted with interest and impeccable manners".
External links
Sands School
Phoenix Education Trust
Sands School (Movie) Made by a Sands School student, this project records the experiences of students and staff in democratic education and explores the running of Sands School.
References
Democratic education
Private schools in Devon
Educational institutions established in 1987
Democratic free schools
1987 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sands%20School |
ATN Movies is a Canadian Category B Hindi language specialty channel owned by Asian Television Network (ATN).
ATN Movies is a Bollywood film channel with a focus on family-oriented films. It airs blockbusters, modern classics and contemporary cinema all sourced from various movie studios as well as locally produced Canadian content.
History
In April 2005, ATN was granted approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a television channel called ATN – Hindi Movie Channel Two, described as "a national ethnic Category 2 pay television programming undertaking devoted entirely to movies presented in the Hindi language."
The channel launched on October 19, 2005 as ATN Zee Cinema.
In 2011, ATN Zee Cinema unveiled a new logo and on-screen graphics to fall in line with its counterpart in India.
On July 25, 2012, ATN Zee Cinema was re-branded ATN Movies OK due to the loss of programming rights for Zee Cinema.
On September 25, 2012, ATN Movies OK's broadcasting license to operate as a pay service was revoked at ATN's request.
In October 2017, ATN Movies OK was renamed ATN Movies due to the loss of programming rights from Movies OK.
References
External links
Digital cable television networks in Canada
Movie channels in Canada
Television channels and stations established in 2005
Hindi-language television in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATN%20Movies |
Six Mile Bottom is a hamlet within the parish of Little Wilbraham, near Cambridge in England.
History
In the 1790s the only building at Six Mile Bottom was a paddock run by a stable keeper. In 1802, a sizeable country house was built nearby. Early residents were George and Augusta Leigh, the latter being Lord Byron's half-sister.
Their residence is now the Country House Hotel, Paddocks House.
In 1807 the hamlet was the scene for a bare-knuckle fight between John Gully and Bob Gregson in which Gregson was defeated by Gully in a fight in 36 rounds lasting an hour and a quarter.
There was little additional building until the 1840s, but it grew from there until there were 22 homes housing around 170 people in around 1920, most owned by the Six Mile Bottom estate.
The hamlet derives its name from its distance from the start of Newmarket Racecourse and because it lies in a valley bottom.
Six Mile Bottom railway station served the village from the 1860s (by the Newmarket and Chesterford Railway) until 1967.
Village life
The hamlet had a pub/restaurant, The Green Man, which also provides accommodation (although now closed as a pub). It had served since the hamlet grew in the early 19th century, but may also be the same inn with stabling for 22 horses that was reported in 1686. It has a social club, on the Brinkley Road. In the 1970s it was owned by ex-Flying Squad detective, Alec Eist, who had been dismissed for corruption.
There was at one time a small school, reopened as a community centre in 1975. Christian services were held in the village's school from the 1890s to the 1920s. The brick-and-flint mission church of St George was built in 1933.
Transport
The A1304 passes through the hamlet. There is one bus a day in each direction, on the route between Cambridge and Stetchworth; that is the only public transport. There was a railway station, , on the Cambridge to Ipswich line. It is now a private residence.
Gallery
References
British Place Names online
Hamlets in Cambridgeshire
South Cambridgeshire District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six%20Mile%20Bottom |
Causeway Road () is a main road in Hong Kong. Situated in Causeway Bay, it joins Yee Wo Street in the west and King's Road. It is a boundary of Eastern District and Wan Chai District. North side of the road is Victoria Park in Eastern District while in the Wan Chai District in the south are Queen's College and Hong Kong Central Library.
History
The road was evolved from a causeway across Causeway Bay (Tung Lo Wan) in the 1880s. Before the construction of the road, another road Tung Lo Wan Road was the only road connecting the two sides of the bay. In 1883, Hong Kong Government reclaimed the bay within the causeway and the causeway was renovated as Causeway along the sea shore. Its Cantonese name (ko sze wai dou) was after the English pronunciation of the road. Trams run to and from the embankment. In 1951, the north of road was reclaimed for Victoria Park.
When created, the road was the only way to get from the Eastern District to Central. Causeway Road's name comes from "way" meaning "road" in English as well as its being a primitive road made from stone.
Features
Causeway Bay Sports Ground ()
Hong Kong Central Library
Queen's College
Victoria Park
3 stops of Hong Kong Tramways: Shelter Street Stop, Victoria Park Stop, Hing Fat Street Stop
See also
List of streets and roads in Hong Kong
References
External links
Google Maps of Causeway Road
Causeway Bay
Roads in Hong Kong | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causeway%20Road |
Il talismano della felicità (; The Talisman of Happiness in English), written by magazine editor Ada Boni, is a well-known Italian cookbook originally published in 1929. It is believed to be the first Italian cookbook specifically targeted towards housewives, and along with the work of Pellegrino Artusi and Editoriale Domus' Il cucchiaio d'argento, it is considered one of the defining recipe and cooking-advice collections in Italian cuisine. It quickly became a staple for generations of Italian women. The standard edition is 1054 pages long and was last reissued in 1999. There is also an abridged version known as Il piccolo Talismano, published by the same publisher. When it was first published in 1928, it contained approximately 882 recipes. Subsequent editions included over 2000 recipes.
An abridged translation, by Matilde La Rosa, who added some "American-style" Italian recipes, with an introduction and glossary by Romance linguist Mario Pei, was published in 1950 as The Talisman Italian Cookbook: Italy's Bestselling Cookbook Adapted for American Kitchens (Crown/Random House, 1950). La Rosa and Pei decided to exclude recipes that were not of Italian origin for the American edition and also included a few Italian-American recipes that were considered necessary at the time in an Italian cookbook. The La Rosa translation is now out of print.
References
See also
Italian cuisine
Italian cookbooks
1929 non-fiction books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%20talismano%20della%20felicit%C3%A0 |
Selonia (; ), also known as Augšzeme (the "Highland"), is one of the Historical Latvian Lands encompassing the eastern part of the historical region of Semigallia () as well as a portion of northeastern Lithuania. Its main city and cultural center is Jēkabpils. The Selonian language has become extinct, though some of the inhabitants still speak a Latgalian dialect.
History
The territory of Selonia is defined by Latvian law as follows: the part of Aizkraukle city on the left bank of the Daugava, Daudzese Parish, Jaunjelgava Parish, Jaunjelgava city, Mazzalve Parish, Pilskalne Parish, Sece Parish, Sērene Parish, Staburags Parish, Sunākste Parish, Zalve Parish, Bebrene Parish, Demene Parish, Dviete Parish, Eglaine Parish, Ilūkste city, Kalkūne Parish, Laucesa Parish, Medumi Parish, Pilskalne Parish, Prode Parish, Saliena Parish, Skrudaliena Parish, Subate city, Svente Parish, Šēdere Parish, Tabore Parish, Vecsaliena Parish, the part of Daugavpils city on the left bank of the Daugava, Aknīste Parish, Aknīste city, Asare Parish, Ābeļi Parish, Dignāja Parish, Dunava Parish, Elkšņi Parish, Gārsene Parish, the part of Jēkabpils city on the left bank of the Daugava, Kalna Parish, Leimaņi Parish, Rite Parish, Rubene Parish, Sēlpils Parish, Sala Parish, Sauka Parish, Viesīte city, Viesīte Parish, Zasa Parish, Kaplava Parish and the part of Krāslava city on the left bank of the Daugava.
The subjugation and baptism of the Selonians started in 1208, when Albert of Buxhoeveden captured Sēlpils hillfort (). The term "Selonians" is most probably the German adaptation of the Livonian name "Highlanders", which leads to the hypothesis that the Selonians and Aukštaitians belonged to the same ethnos. The Livonian Chronicle of Henry describes the Selonians as allies of the Lithuanians. In 1218 the region formed a Selonian diocese, but in 1226 part of that diocese was joined to the Riga archbishopric and the Bishopric of Semigalia was formed. After 1561, Selonia became a part of Duchy of Courland and Semigallia.
Nowadays the region is mainly inhabited by Latvians with larger proportion of ethnic minorities of Russians, Poles, Belarusians and Lithuanians in the southeastern municipalities (Ilūkste Municipality and Daugavpils Municipality).
Historic boundaries
Among historical documents, the Mindaugas's Donation Act of 1261 is the one that best describes the transfer of the Selonian lands to the Knights of the Sword. Their boundary went from the Daugava at Naujene, near Daugavpils castle, running along Kopkelis to Luodis lake and northwards along the Duseta river to lake Sartai and towards the source of the Šventoji. It stretched further to the Latuva, Vašuoka and Viešinta rivers, along the Lėvuo river northwards to the Mūša (Mūsa) and downstream, to the mouth of the Babīte (Būga, 1961, p. 273–274).
Thus, the historical sources describing the Selonian boundaries in the second half of the 13th century are rather precise. The linguist Kazimieras Būga, basing himself on linguistic data alone, specifies the southern boundary of the Selonian territory as running approximately by the towns of Salakas, Tauragnai, Utena, Svėdasai, Subačius, Palėvenė, Pasvalys, and Saločiai. Regional history museum of the Selonia region of Lithuania, founded in 1928 in Biržai Castle.
References
Sources
Arveds Švābe, ed.: Latvju enciklopēdija. Stockholm: Trīs Zvaigznes, 1952-1953.
Edgars Andersons, ed.: Latvju enciklopēdija 1962-1982. Lincoln: American Latvian Association , 1983-1990. Entry "Sēlija" available at historia.lv. Retrieved 25. II. 2006.
Vytautas Kazakevičius: "Selonian archaeological sites in Lithuania" Retrieved 25. II. 2006.
Historical regions in Latvia
Historical regions in Lithuania
Medieval Latvia
Selonia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selonia |
Fort: Prophet of the Unexplained is a Dark Horse Comics comic book limited series created by writer Peter M. Lenkov and artist Frazer Irving. It should not be confused with the 1971 biographical study Charles Fort: Prophet of the Unexplained by Damon Knight, which apart from the title has no connection with the comic book series.
Comic
Fort, featuring the fictional adventures of the famed anomalist Charles Fort is a four-issue miniseries written by Peter M. Lenkov, with art by Frazer Irving. The series was released monthly between June and September 2002 by Dark Horse Comics.
Fort: Prophet of the Unexplained marked Charles Fort's second major comic outing - the first being Necronauts also drawn by Irving.
Plot
It's 1899 and as the end of the century draws near a strange killer lurks on the streets of New York. However, only famed anomalist Charles Fort's careful analysis of his news clippings reveals the pattern and further investigation revels some strange findings. At the same time he is monitoring some strange shooting stars, ably assisted by H.P. (a young H. P. Lovecraft) which leads to his encounter with an alien. Falsely accused of the murders, he has to team up with the extraterrestrial and find the real killer.
Charles Fort
Charles Fort was an early twentieth century American writer, philosopher and anomalist. In four books, between 1919 and 1932, he catalogued thousands of reports of anomalous phenomena, making important early contributions to ufology, cryptozoology and parapsychology.
Collected editions
The series has been collected into a trade paperback:
Fort: Prophet of the Unexplained (Dark Horse, , Titan Books, )
Film adaptation
On October 6, 2011, Robert Zemeckis is producing a film adaptation of the comic book with Evan Spiliotopoulos writing the script.
Awards
Bram Stoker Award for Best Illustrated Narrative (2002): Peter M. Lenkov for his work on Fort: Prophet of the Unexplained (runner-up)
See also
Charles Fort also features prominently in:
Necronauts
The Searchers
Notes
References
External links
Dark Horse page
Review, Comics Bulletin
2002 comics debuts
Forteana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%3A%20Prophet%20of%20the%20Unexplained |
Ruckinge is a village and civil parish in south Kent centred south of Ashford on the B2067 Hamstreet to Hythe road, with two settled neighbourhoods. It is, broadly defined, a narrow, fairly large rural parish of land which is about one quarter woodland.
Geography
Almost three miles long, this is a mostly rural area in south to south-east Kent centred south-by-southeast of Ashford on the B2067 Hamstreet to Hythe road, with two settled neighbourhoods. Ruckinge's main neighbourhood is a linear settlement with a few cul de sacs.
It is in the mid-south of a civil parish which also includes the scattered community of Bromley Green which has about half of the area's woodland. The two halves (Upper and Lower or North and South) are split by a belt of woodland but a road links them, with the other roads being two east–west and two to the north-east and north-west. A source of the fast-flowing, steep headwaters of the East Stour rises a mile west of the northern half of the parish in an area of Sandstone hills. In terms of vegetation patchy remains are preserved here of The Weald, the forest between the Greensand Ridge and the South Downs, and to the south of the Royal Military Canal the area has long been grassed, being just above marsh level since the Roman Britain period.
Amenities and voluntary organisations
The village no longer has a pub, The Blue Anchor is now an office building. There is a Methodist chapel. The Royal Military Canal runs to the immediate south of the neighbourhood of Ruckinge in the parish.
The nearest shops and railway station are in nearby Hamstreet (in Orlestone).
Ruckinge has the HQs and groups of Scout and Guide associations for the neighbouring parishes.
St Mary Magdalene church
The Anglican parish church of St Mary Magdalene is a grade I listed building. The church may have been mentioned in the Domesday Book but the present building dates from the 12th century. It is thought probable that the church was built on top of an earlier Saxon building.
The main building is 12th century with the upper part of the tower being rebuilt in the 13th century. The church has 14th and 15th century alterations. The south doorway and the western door are in Norman style dating from the original 12th-century build. The north porch sheltered a reputed 14th-century door (described as "fine" by English Heritage). The southern choir stalls are medieval with poppy-head bench ends.
The tower houses a ring of 5 bells (tenor in A). The earliest mention of the bells was in 1521 when Roger Hawkyns left 2/- (two shillings or 10p in decimal currency) in his will to repair them. Thirty years later there were three bells and in 1721 at least four bells were there. In 1740 the tenor was either supplied or recast giving the five bells which exist today.
History
The village of Ruckinge is mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, where it appears as Rochinges. The name is first attested in an Anglo-Saxon charter of 786, where it appears as Hroching. This is the Old English hrocing meaning 'rook wood'.
According to the Domesday Book, Hugh de Montfort held a lot of land in the area, including in Ham Hundred both Orlestone and Ruckinge. "Hugh fitzRichard holds of Hugh half a sulung in Ruckinge which Leofraed held of King Edward. It is assessed at half a sulung. There is land for 2 ploughs. There 12 villans now have ploughs. For the woodland 1 pig. TRE it was worth 50s: and afterwards 30s: now 50s."
In 1629, Henry Cuffin, a curate at Ruckinge, was prosecuted by an Archdeacon's Court for playing cricket on Sunday evening after prayers. He claimed that several of his fellow players were "persons of repute and fashion".
Ruckinge was an important sighting-point for the Anglo-French Survey (1784–1790), which calculated the precise distance between the Royal Greenwich Observatory and the Paris Observatory, using trigonometry. The main cross-channel sightings were between Dover Castle and Fairlight, East Sussex in England, and Cap Blanc Nez, Calais and Dunkirk in France. A grid of triangles was measured to link these viewpoints, which included two base-lines on Hounslow Heath and Romney Marsh. Ruckinge was the north-western point of the Romney Marsh base-line; the south-eastern end was at High Nook near Dymchurch.
For a few centuries smuggling was rife on Romney Marsh, and it is rumoured that the notorious Ransley brothers were buried in Ruckinge churchyard after being hanged at Penenden Heath, Maidstone.
Until the early 1990s Ruckinge had a village shop/post office.
Transport
The area is quickly connected to Ashford: the relatively large A2070 road cuts over/under minor roads and passes through the north of this area.
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
Ashford Borough Council - Notes and history
Statistical civil parish overview - map
Civil parishes in Ashford, Kent
Cricket in Kent
English cricket in the 14th to 17th centuries
Villages in Kent
Villages in the Borough of Ashford | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruckinge |
Ansty is a village in the Mid Sussex district of West Sussex, England. It lies on the A272 road 1.4 miles (2.2 km) southwest of Cuckfield. It is in the civil parish of Ansty and Staplefield.
Ansty has a cricket team (Ansty Cricket Club), 1 football club (Ansty Sports and Social FC) and the Dark Star micro brewery.
Pronunciation
Ansty or Anstye is traditionally pronounced with a heavy stress on the final syllable.
Transport
The A272 & B2036 runs through Ansty. The A272 is the main route that connects the town of Haywards Heath and surrounding villages to the A23 Trunk Road. The B2036 is a north-south road that connects local traffic between Cuckfield & Burgess Hill.
The nearest railway station is in Haywards Heath, 3 miles away.
The Village is served by a bus service that runs between Haywards Heath & Horsham/Southwater
References
External links
Villages in West Sussex
Mid Sussex District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansty%2C%20West%20Sussex |
Kenardington is a small clustered village and the centre of a relatively small rural civil parish of the same name, in the Ashford District of Kent, England. The village is centred southwest of Ashford on the B2067 Hamstreet to Tenterden road.
Geography
Kenardington is on the edge of Romney Marsh, which its church of St Mary (with its tower dated 1170 AD) overlooks from a hilltop. The site of the church was once the scene of a battle, being stormed by the Danes in the 10th century and it stands on the site of what seems to have been a small Saxon fort, the remains of its earthworks now largely ploughed out of sight in fields used as arable land.
Amenities and long distance tour routes
Kenardington had a village shop/post office until a date in the 1980s since which the nearest shops and railway station are in Hamstreet approximately two miles away. The south-west of the parish is a wooded public park and has picnic areas.
The Saxon Shore Way and Royal Military Canal pass through.
References
External links
Village website
Notes on facilities, history
Statistical civil parish overview - map
Villages in Kent
Villages in the Borough of Ashford
Civil parishes in Ashford, Kent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenardington |
Sons of Northern Darkness is the seventh album by Norwegian black metal band Immortal. Musically, it continues the blackened thrash metal style heard on the two previous releases At the Heart of Winter and Damned in Black. This was the band's first release on Nuclear Blast Records and the last album to feature Iscariah on bass, who admitted to only play bass on the opening track "One by One", with the rest of the album's bass tracks being played by vocalist/guitarist Abbath, which is the last time he would contribute to playing bass before his departure in 2015.
The album was released in multiple formats, including a standard CD, a limited edition four-panel digipak, a limited edition metal box, a "Deluxe Edition" digipak with bonus DVD, a picture disc, a gatefold double LP, and a quadruple 10" leather box. The limited edition metal box was only available via Nuclear Blast mailorder and was sold out before it was actually released.
The song "In My Kingdom Cold" references the H.P. Lovecraft story At the Mountains of Madness.
"One by One" was featured in the soundtrack of the 8th installment in the Tony Hawk's video game series, Tony Hawk's Project 8, which released in 2006.
Critical reception
AllMusic called it "arguably one of the best black metal releases ever put forth" and a "masterpiece".
Track listing
Bonus DVD
Recorded with a handy cam by Achim Köhler, May 2, 2003 during the Metal Gods Tour, live at B.B. King's in New York.
"Wrath from Above"
"Damned in Black"
"One by One"
"Tyrants (Part 1)"
"Tyrants (Part 2)"
"Solarfall"
"Beyond the North Waves"
Personnel
Immortal
Abbath Doom Occulta – vocals, guitars, bass (tracks 2-8)
Horgh – drums
Iscariah – bass (track 1)
Additional personnel
Demonaz Doom Occulta (Harald Nævdal) – lyrics
Charts
References
External links
Official website*
Immortal Discography
Encyclopaedia Metallum
Immortal (band) albums
2002 albums
Nuclear Blast albums
Albums produced by Peter Tägtgren | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons%20of%20Northern%20Darkness |
"God Bless the Child" is a song co-written and recorded by Canadian country music artist Shania Twain. It was released on October 26, 1996 as the eighth and final single from her sophomore studio album The Woman in Me (1995). The album version was solely written by Twain and the single version was co-written by Mutt Lange. The album version is more a poem than a song, completely done a cappella. A country version and an alternate version without the banjo were later released for airplay.
"God Bless the Child" was the least successful single from The Woman in Me, failing to crack the top 40 at US country radio and only peaking at number 7 at Canada country radio. It was included on Twain's Come on Over Tour usually accompanied by a local choir, and on Australian and Asian tour editions of the Come On Over album. All singles sales from the United States were donated to Second Harvest/Kids Cafe, and from Canada to Breakfast for Learning. Twain performed the song live at the 1996 Country Music Association Awards.
Critical reception
Entertainment Weekly gave the song a fairly favorable review, giving it a B grade and saying "while her sentiments are pretty naive, her pipes sound plenty experienced" and that Twain gives "enough passion to make us temporarily forget her pinup looks".
Music video
The music video for "God Bless the Child" was shot in Nashville, Tennessee and directed by Larry Jordan. It was filmed on October 3, 1996, and debuted on October 26, 1996, on Country Music Television. The video features two choirs. One included the Fisk University Jubilee Singers and the second was a local performing arts choirs singing along with Twain in a hangar at the Nashville airport. Two versions of the video were released, one with the banjo included in the audio for country stations, another without for pop and international stations. The "banjo version" video is available on Twain's DVD The Platinum Collection.
"God Bless the Child" is one of Twain's least-viewed videos on YouTube, with just over 3.4 million views as of October 2020.
Chart performance
"God Bless the Child" debuted on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart the week of November 30, 1996 at number 74. The song spent 9 weeks on the chart and climbed to a peak position of number 48 on January 11, 1997, where it remained for one week. "God Bless the Child" became her lowest peaking single on the chart and one of her shortest runs on the chart. It did however, top the Country Singles Sales chart for one week. Despite failure at country radio, "God Bless the Child" became Twain's fourth appearance on the Billboard Hot 100 where it peaked at number 75. It also reached number 50 on the Hot 100 Singles Sales chart.
"God Bless the Child" debuted on the Canadian RPM Country Tracks chart the week of November 25, 1996 at number 75, the highest debut of the week. The song would go on to peak at number seven on the week of January 20, 1997, seven weeks later. This song and "Home Ain't Where His Heart Is (Anymore)" marked the only singles from The Woman in Me to miss the top spot at country radio in Twain's home country. On the sales-only Canadian Singles Chart however, the song was a success, topping the chart for nine non-consecutive weeks and spending 38 weeks in total on that chart.
Track listing
US Single
"God Bless the Child" (New Previously Unreleased Version) – 3:48
"(If You're Not in It for Love) I'm Outta Here!" (Remix) 4:21
Canada Maxi-CD
"God Bless the Child" – 3:49
"(If You're Not In It for Love) I'm Outta Here!" (Remix) – 4:40
"Whose Bed Have Your Boots Been Under?" (Dance Mix) – 4:50
"The Woman in Me (Needs the Man in You)" (Steel Guitarless Mix) – 4:50
US cassette single
"God Bless the Child" – 3:48
"If It Don't Take Two" – 3:40
Official versions
Album Version (1:30)
Single Mix - Country Version (3:49)
Single Mix - Without Banjo (3:49)
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
Notes
1996 singles
Charity singles
Canadian Singles Chart number-one singles
Shania Twain songs
Songs written by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Song recordings produced by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Songs written by Shania Twain
Mercury Records singles
Mercury Nashville singles
Country ballads
1995 songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%20Bless%20the%20Child%20%28Shania%20Twain%20song%29 |
God Bless the Child may refer to:
Literature
God Bless the Child, 1964 novel by Kristin Hunter
God Bless the Child, 2003 picture book by Jerry Pinkney of the Billie Holiday and Arthur Herzog Jr. song
Music
"God Bless the Child" (Billie Holiday song), covered by many artists
"God Bless the Child" (Shania Twain song)
"God Bless the Child", a song by Michelle Featherstone
God Bless the Child (Guerilla Black album), 2007
God Bless the Child (Kenny Burrell album), 1971
Television
"God Bless the Child" (Law & Order), an episode of Law & Order
"God Bless the Child", an episode of Dirt
God Bless the Child (film), a 1988 TV movie starring Mare Winningham | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%20Bless%20the%20Child |
XPN (X Python Newsreader) is a news client written in Python and based on the GTK+ library.
Features
It offers a good MIME support, scoring system, filtered views, random tag-lines, external editor support, one-key navigation, ROT13, Face and X-Face headers decoding, spoiler char and many more. XPN is free software licensed under the GPL licence.
Thanks to Python and GTK+ it is completely multiplatform. It should work wherever Python and GTK work. A binary Windows version is also provided.
XPN is available in English, Italian, French and German.
ScreenShots
See also
List of Usenet newsreaders
Comparison of Usenet newsreaders
References
External links
Free Usenet clients
Free software programmed in Python | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%20Python%20Newsreader |
Essential Services Commission may refer to:
Essential Services Commission (Victoria), commission of the Government of Victoria, Australia
Essential Services Commission of South Australia, commission of the Government of South Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential%20Services%20Commission |
NBI may refer to:
NBI (narrow body implant), or Mini dental implant
Nemzeti Bajnokság I
Nicolas Berggruen Institute
Niels Bohr Institute
NBI (bank), a state-run Icelandic bank
Nation Brands Index
Nathaniel Branden Institute
National Bridge Inventory
National Bureau of Investigation (disambiguation)
National Bureau of Investigation (Finland)
National Bureau of Investigation (Philippines)
National Bureau of Investigation (Ukraine)
Network Bootable Image
Neutral Beam Injection
Nile Basin Initiative
Northbound interface
National Broadband Ireland, a telecommunications company | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBI |
Jean Bourdeau (28 June 1848 – 8 September 1928) was a French writer, known for his books on aspects of socialism. He was also a translator of Schopenhauer, and an early adopter in France of some of the thought of Nietzsche. He wrote on a wide range of subjects, from Johannes Janssen to Maxim Gorky and the rising personality cult of Lenin. He contributed in particular to the Journal des Débats, on contemporary philosophy
He was a friend and correspondent of Georges Sorel; Sorel's side of their correspondence has been published.
Works
Le socialisme allemand et le nihilisme russe (1892)
L'anarchisme révolutionnaire (1894) in La Revue de Paris, vol. I
La Rochefoucauld (1895)
L'évolution du socialisme (1901)
Socialistes et sociologies (1905)
Poètes et humoristes de l'Allemagne (1906)
Pragmatisme et modernisme (1909)
La philosophie affective. Nouveaux courants et nouveaux problèmes dans la philosophie contemporaine (1912) Descartes, Schopenhauer, William James, Bergson, Ribot, A. Fouillée, Tolstoy et Leopardi
Les maîtres de la pensée contemporaine (1913) Stendhal, Taine, Renan, Herbert Spencer, Nietzsche, Tolstoy, Ruskin, and Victor Hugo
Tolstoï, Lénine et la Révolution russe (1921)
La dernière évolution du Socialisme au Communisme (1927)
People from Limoges
1848 births
1928 deaths
German–French translators
French political writers
19th-century French philosophers
Members of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
19th-century French translators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Bourdeau |
Tura (; , Turu) is a rural locality (a settlement) and the administrative center of Evenkiysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, located in the Syverma Plateau, at the confluence of the Kochechum and the Nizhnyaya Tunguska Rivers. Population:
History
Tura was the administrative center of Evenk Autonomous Okrug before the okrug was merged into Krasnoyarsk Krai on January 1, 2007. Until April 2011, it had urban-type settlement status.
Local government
Tura Village Council of Deputies of the VI convocation
Date of election: 09/08/2019. Term of office: 5 years. Number of deputies: 10.
Chairman of the village Council of Deputies: Albina Zhgunova.
Head of the village
Tatyana Vorobyova. Date of election: 17 December 2019. Date of entry into office: 14 January 2020. Term of office: 5 years.
Village leaders
Leonid Bodrenko, head of the village administration in 1992-1994.
Valery Olkhovik, head of the village administration in 1994-1995.
Galina Semyonova, head of the village administration in 1995-1997.
Pyotr Suvorov, head of the village in 2001-2005. and chairman of the council in 2002-2005.
Vladimir Chusteyev, acting head of the village 2005-2006
Igor Mukto, head of the village and chairman of the council in 2006-2010.
Alexander Chernykh, head of the village administration in 2006-2010.
Alina Sutyagina, head of the village and chairman of the council in 2010-2013.
Evgeniy Bren, head of the village administration in 2010-2013.
Evgeniy Gabrat, acting head of administration in 2013-2014.
Yelena Tsai, acting head of the village administration from January to May 2014.
Igor Mukto, head of the village and chairman of the council in 2014-2018.
Yuri Sadovin, acting head of the village in 2018-2020.
Kim Gubarev, acting chairman of the council in 2018-2019.
Natalya Vershinina, chairman of the council in 2019-2022.
Igor Mukto, chairman of the council in 2022-2023.
Transportation
Tura is served by the Tura Airport. The town and airport are linked together by the A-383 road, though Tura is currently isolated from the Russian road and railway network.
Climate
Tura has a very cold subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with short, but warm and rainy summers with cool nights and long, bitterly cold winters with little sunshine.
References
External links
History of Tura
Rural localities in Krasnoyarsk Krai
Road-inaccessible communities of Krasnoyarsk Krai
Evenkiysky District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tura%2C%20Krasnoyarsk%20Krai |
Haroon Siddiqui, is an Indo-Canadian newspaper journalist, columnist and a former editor.
Early life and career
Siddiqui continued as a columnist at the Star until 2015. His farewell column of 1 April 2015 marked his retirement from journalism.
Awards and distinctions
He shared a 1983 National Newspaper Award for spot news reporting. In 1992 and column writing in 1998. Siddiqui received a Professional Man of the Year award from Indo Canadian Chamber of Commerce, and a media award from the Canadian Islamic Congress.
In 2000, and 2001 he became a member of the Order of Ontario, for crafting "a broader definition of the Canadian identity," inclusive of our First Nations, French Canadians and newer Canadians.
In 2001, Siddiqui was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters from York University. In 2002, he was awarded the World Press Freedom Award by the National Press Club in Ottawa for his James Minifie Memorial Lecture at the University of Regina, warning against "creeping censorship" in Canada under media concentration.
Criticisms
Writing in Toronto Life in June 2001, Robert Fulford maintained that "Siddiqui makes the most strenuous effort to bathe Third World countries in a soft light. No matter how outrageous its actions, a non-Western government can usually count on him for a little understanding."
In a June 2013 column, Siddiqui demanded that Canada's Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Jason Kenney "should resign or be fired." In an article the following month, Siddiqui accused Kenney, of "turn[ing] immigration into a tool of anti-Arab and anti-Muslim bigotry," and of "barring refugee claimants from ‘safe third countries.’" Chris Selley, writing in the National Post, pointed out that immigration levels of individuals speaking Arabic as a first language have actually increased during Kenney's tenure. Regarding Siddiqui's second claim, Shelley argued that refugees from "safe third countries" are not automatically refused refugee status by Canada but rather are "directed them into an expedited system with a somewhat weaker appeals process." Selley also argued that Siddiqui's accusation against Kenney in this regard was "a massive factual error that you’d think an expert on this matter wouldn’t make."
See also
Siddiqui
References
External links
Haroon and the Sea of Opinions (Ryerson Review of Journalism, Spring 2002)
On Journalism being subject to "hate laws"
Haroon Siddiqui, 2000 Order of Ontario recipients' page
Haroon Siddiqui, 2001 Order of Canada citation
Living people
Canadian columnists
Indian emigrants to Canada
Indian male journalists
Writers from Hyderabad, India
Members of the Order of Ontario
Members of the Order of Canada
Canadian Sunni Muslims
Indian Muslims
Canadian people of Indian descent
Toronto Star people
Canadian political journalists
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haroon%20Siddiqui |
Ruy Luís Gomes (5 December 1905 – 27 October 1984) was a Portuguese mathematician who made significant contributions to the development of mathematical physics and the state of academia in Portugal during the twentieth century. He was part of a generation of young Portuguese mathematicians, including António Aniceto Monteiro (1907–1980), Hugo Baptista Ribeiro (1910–1988) and José Sebastião e Silva (1914–1972), who held the common goal of involving Portugal in the global progression of science through conducting and publishing original research. Because of this, however, he began to gain notoriety as a dissident of the Salazar regime, which condemned independent thinking. Eventually, he left Portugal for South America to escape further persecution for his involvement with the Portuguese Communist party. Following his exile, which lasted nearly two decades, Gomes returned to Portugal for the last ten years of his life before he died of a heart attack in 1984.
Early life and education
Ruy Luís Gomes was born on 5 December 1905 in Porto, Portugal to Maria José de Medeiros Alves Gomes and António Luiz Gomes, who was a government official during the Portuguese First Republic. He attended high school at Rodrigues de Freitas High School before moving to Coimbra when his father accepted a position at the University of Coimbra. In 1922, he completed his secondary education at José Falcão High School before continuing on to study mathematics at the University of Coimbra. In 1928, he received his doctorate from the University of Coimbra at the age of 23. In his dissertation, he analyzed problems in mechanics regarding deviation from holonomic constraints.
Academic career
In May 1929, shortly after receiving his doctorate, Ruy Luís Gomes applied for a professorship in the mathematical sciences, mechanics, and astronomy group at the University of Coimbra. However, when another candidate for the position was removed from consideration, he objected to the decision and pressured university officials to give him the position. When Gomes' competitor was given the professorship, Gomes returned to Porto and began to teach higher algebra and projective geometry at the University of Porto. In 1933, at the age of 28, he became a Full Professor of mathematics and physics at the same institution. Here, he began a relationship with Professor Abel Salazar, who taught Gomes about neopositivism and inspired his research on the Theory of Relativity.
Gomes was dedicated to the dissemination of research in the mathematical sciences. He founded the Portugaliae Mathematica journal in 1937 with the help of his colleagues and published his research in numerous journals in Portugal and throughout Europe. In 1942, he founded the Centre for Mathematical Sciences at the University of Porto, where he trained aspiring mathematicians and organized research seminars. Gomes taught courses in the Theory of Relativity, Theory of Potential, Theory of Measure and Integration, Hilbert Spaces, and Quantum Mechanics over the course of his career. As an instructor, he utilized discussion-based classes in an attempt to involve his students in his research.
Throughout the 1930s and 1940s, Ruy Luís Gomes earned recognition from academics throughout Europe, including Tullio Levi-Civita, John von Neumann, and Nobel Prize winner Louis de Broglie, for his research in mathematics, physics, and chemistry. However, in 1947, the Salazar regime banished Gomes and many other researchers from the university. After a decade of political persecution and involvement with the Portuguese Communist party, he fled to Argentina in order to continue his academic pursuits at the Universidad Nacional del Sur in Bahia Blanca. In 1962, he relocated to the University of Pernambuco in Recife, Brazil, where he would eventually gain the title of Professor Emeritus.
Ruy Luís Gomes returned to his hometown in 1974 and accepted the position of Rector of the University of Porto. Although he retired the following year, he co-founded the Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute during this time. In retirement, he continued to study mathematics, conduct seminars, and mentor young Portuguese and Brazilian scholars.
Political involvement
Ruy Luís Gomes began to gain notoriety as a resistant to the democratic party when his research was published by the independent Portuguese journals O Diabo and Sol Nascente. In 1945, he began attending rallies held by the anti-regime organization known as the Movement of Democratic Unity. Several years later, he would further establish himself as a dissident through his commitment to the National Democratic Movement, where he served as the organization's president. In 1951, he was chosen to be the presidential candidate of the communist party, against the candidate of the regime, General Francisco Craveiro Lopes, and the moderate opposition candidate, Admiral Manuel Quintão Meireles. However, before the election, the Salazar regime enacted measures through the Supreme Court of Justice which disallowed his candidature due to his communist leanings. In the years between his founding of the Centre for Mathematical Sciences in 1942 and his departure for Argentina in 1958, Gomes was imprisoned on numerous occasions for his political affiliations. Thus, he sought refuge in Argentina in order to escape the political persecution that made his scientific research impossible. Several months following the Carnation Revolution of 25 April 1974, Gomes returned to Portugal, where he served as a member of the Council of State and as rector of the University of Porto (1974–75).
See also
António Aniceto Monteiro
Abel Salazar
References
1905 births
1984 deaths
People from Porto
20th-century Portuguese mathematicians
Portuguese anti-fascists
University of Coimbra alumni
Portuguese exiles
Portuguese expatriates in Brazil
Portuguese expatriates in Argentina
Academic staff of Universidad Nacional del Sur | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruy%20Lu%C3%ADs%20Gomes |
Project Catwalk is a competitive reality television show focusing on fashion design. In the UK it is shown on the digital station Sky One. The show follows a group of fashion designers as they compete against each other to avoid being "the next fashion victim" and win the competition. The programme is based upon the US reality show Project Runway. The show was cancelled after the third series.
Format
Project Catwalk is hosted by a celebrity and judged by a panel with two permanent judges and a third guest judge – typically a fashion designer, fashion model or celebrity from the fashion industry. Ben de Lisi, fashion designer, appears as a mentor for the designers giving his criticism of their garments and offering support. The program takes place in London with designers using a workroom in Istituto Marangoni, shopping for materials at a large fabric store in London's garment district, and living together in a four-storey Georgian townhouse in Central London.
The fashion models who work with the designers throughout the series are also in competition. At the beginning of each episode, the designer who won the previous week's challenge is compelled to switch two models (not necessarily including his/her own), and at the end, the model who wore the losing design is automatically eliminated. Included in the prize package for the winning model is coverage in the British edition of ELLE magazine.
Sky1 has confirmed that Project Catwalk will not be returning for a fourth series.
Channel controller Richard Woolfe hinted at the Edinburgh International Television Festival that the show had reached a conclusion and would be replaced by other female-skewing shows in the lineup.
"What we really need are some female-friendly formatted shows," he said. "8pm is a real opportunity. We're doing really well at 9pm and 10pm but I'd really like to see some long-running returnable series. We've done three seasons of Catwalk; I want some other shows for that slot."
A spokesperson for the channel has subsequently confirmed that the programme will not return because it "had come to a natural end". The show lasted for a total of three series.
Series 1
The first series of Project Catwalk featured Elizabeth Hurley as the host and was judged by a panel including designer Julien Macdonald and ELLE magazine Editor-in-Chief Lorraine Candy. 12 contestants competed in a series of competitions.
Series 2
Series 2 of Project Catwalk premiered on 8 January 2007 on Sky One. It was hosted by Kelly Osbourne and Lorraine Candy was replaced by Grazia magazine's editor Paula Reed.
Series 3
Series 3 of Project Catwalk premiered 9 January 2008, and featured 13 contestants vying for the prizes. Nick Ede replaced MacDonald as judge. Kelly Osbourne returned as the show's host.
References
External links
Project Catwalk official web site
2006 British television series debuts
2008 British television series endings
2000s British reality television series
Sky UK original programming
Television series by Endemol
English-language television shows
British fashion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Catwalk |
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