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WXCW (channel 46) is a television station licensed to Naples, Florida, United States, serving Southwest Florida as an affiliate of The CW. It is locally owned by Sun Broadcasting alongside two low-power stations: Univision/UniMás affiliate WUVF-LD (channel 2) and WANA-LD (channel 18), both also licensed to Naples. Sun Broadcasting maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Fort Myers Broadcasting Company, owner of Fort Myers–licensed CBS affiliate WINK-TV (channel 11), for the provision of certain services. The stations share studios on Palm Beach Boulevard (SR 80) in northeast Fort Myers, while WXCW's transmitter is located north of Fort Myers Shores, near the Charlotte–Lee county line.
History
The station first signed on the air on October 22, 1990, as WNPL-TV, which was founded and run by Chief Executive Officer William Darling of Southwest Florida Telecommunications. Originally operating as an independent station, it filled a void in the market after WFTX-TV (channel 36) joined Fox four years earlier in October 1986. The station first operated from studios located on Goodlette Road in Naples. The station was beset with problems early on, particularly concerning finding programming. Despite this, from 1993 to 1998, the station carried Florida Marlins baseball games televised by WBFS-TV in Miami before the debut of the Tampa Bay Rays, which then claimed southwest Florida as the team's territory. It also was the area's affiliate for the Orlando Magic broadcast network.
WNPL-TV filed for bankruptcy in 1993 after several lawsuits from creditors, including the Associated Press, as well as two investors who claimed that Darling made misrepresentations to them when they were told they would be part of a general partnership to operate the station. The station was finally sold two years later to Second Generation, a Cleveland-based group, in a $4 million transaction. (Darling and his wife would be found guilty of bankruptcy fraud charges for filing fraudulent claims in connection with the WNPL sale in 1996.)
Upon Second Generation's acquisition of WNPL, which had become a charter affiliate of the United Paramount Network (UPN) when that network launched on January 16, the call letters were changed to WTVK on June 30. Second Generation also relocated the station's operations to the former WEVU studios in Bonita Bay, which offered more room and easier access to satellite feeds. In 1998, Second Generation sold the station to ACME Communications, which swapped affiliations with the area's cable-only WB affiliate WSWF (later WNFM; now defunct). It then adopted the on-air moniker "WB 6", after its cable channel location in the market.
On January 24, 2006, the merger of UPN and The WB into The CW was announced. With ACME's CEO Jamie Kellner being a former WB executive, WTVK's future CW affiliation was virtually assured to be a mere formality. Indeed, on March 9, 2006, ACME affiliated all but one of their stations with the CW upon launch on September 18, 2006; WNFM was left with MyNetworkTV and did not confirm their affiliation until August.
On May 15, 2006, ACME announced that it would sell WTVK to Sun Broadcasting. The sale was completed on February 16, 2007, with the station subsequently changing its call sign to WXCW on March 2.
Newscasts
WINK-TV presently produces 27½ hours of locally produced newscasts each week for WXCW (with 4½ hours each weekday, 3½ hours on Saturdays and 1½ hours on Sundays).
As an independent station, from October 1991 to October 1992, WNPL operated a news department, producing a prime time newscast entitled Channel 46 Ten O'Clock News.
On March 26, 2007, WINK-TV (channel 11) began producing a half-hour prime time newscast for WXCW under a news share agreement. Right from the start, it emerged at a strong second place behind WFTX's longer-established and hour-long 10 p.m. newscast. On October 20, 2007, WINK-TV became the first station in Southwest Florida to begin broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition; the newscasts on WXCW were included in the upgrade. On January 7, 2008, WINK began producing a two-hour extension of its weekday morning newscast for WXCW, running from 7 to 9 a.m. The program was moved to WXCW, after WINK complied with CBS' new requirement for all of its affiliates to air its morning news program The Early Show (which was replaced by the revived CBS This Morning in January 2012) in its entirety. Originally, WINK-TV had preempted the first hour of that program due to the third hour of its weekday morning newscast, which was specifically titled as Hello Southwest Florida.
Beginning on October 31, 2008, the 10 p.m. newscast began to be presented commercial-free for the first 21 minutes of the broadcast. The 10 p.m. newscast was expanded to one hour on August 24, 2009. In the fall of 2010, WINK began producing a weekday 11 a.m. newscast on WXCW, that program has since been canceled until 2019. On September 16, 2013, the WINK-produced weekday morning newscast on the station was expanded by one hour, now running from 7:00 to 10:00 a.m.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
On August 13, 2012, WXCW launched MundoFox (later MundoMax) on a new digital subchannel 46.2. It is also available on Comcast digital cable channel 229 in standard definition and channel 437 in high definition. Once MundoMax ceased operations on December 1, 2016, the channel began to carry Estrella TV at 720p.
Analog-to-digital conversion
WXCW has been digital-only since February 17, 2009, which was the original date for TV stations to switch to digital, which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009.
See also
Channel 32 digital TV stations in the United States
Channel 46 virtual TV stations in the United States
References
External links
WXCW-DT2
WINK-TV website
Program Information for WXCW at TitanTV.com
The CW affiliates
Estrella TV affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1990
1990 establishments in Florida
XCW | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WXCW |
Revelation 666: the Curse of Damnation is the fourth studio album by Norwegian black metal band Old Man's Child, released on 13 March 2000.
Track listing
All music and arrangements by Galder. Lyrics by Old Man's Child.
"Phantoms of Mortem Tales" – 5:35
"Hominis Nocturna" – 5:22
"In Black Endless Void" – 4:27
"Unholy Vivid Innocence" – 5:06
"Passage to Pandemonium" – 4:13
"Obscure Divine Manifestation" – 4:20
"World Expiration" – 6:06
"Into Silence Embrace" – 5:02
Credits
Galder – vocals, guitar, and synths
Jardar – guitars
Memnoch – bass
Tjodalv – drums on tracks 2, 3, 5 and 7
Grimar – drums on track 1, 4, 6 and 8
Marielle Andersen – additional vocals on track 4
Additional personnel
Christophe Szpajdel — logo
References
Old Man's Child albums
2000 albums
Century Media Records albums
Albums produced by Peter Tägtgren | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelation%20666%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Curse%20of%20Damnation |
Peters' duiker (Cephalophus callipygus) is a small antelope found in Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, southern Cameroon, and northern Republic of the Congo.
Peters' duikers typically weigh about 40 lb (18 kg), and are about 20 in (50 cm) at the shoulder. They have grey-brown coats, and live in dense undergrowth in mountain rainforests. The total population is estimated at 380,000 individuals, with a declining trend.
References
External links
Peters' duiker
Mammals of Central Africa
Mammals of Cameroon
Mammals of Equatorial Guinea
Mammals of Gabon
Mammals of the Republic of the Congo
Peters's duiker
Peters's duiker | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peters%27s%20duiker |
Frederick de la Roche (died 30 October 1174) was the sixth Latin archbishop of Tyre (1164–1174), chancellor of the kingdom of Jerusalem (c. 1150), and the chief diplomat of King Amalric. He was a Lorrainer, from the town of La Roche, of noble stock.
Bishop of Acre
Frederick was a canon regular of the Templum Domini in Jerusalem, and was appointed bishop of Acre and chancellor of Jerusalem around 1150. He participated in the Siege of Ascalon in 1153, and in 1154 King Baldwin III sent him to mediate in the dispute between the prince of Antioch, Raynald of Châtillon, and the Latin patriarch of Antioch. The patriarch returned to Jerusalem with Frederick. In 1155 Frederick accompanied the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem to Rome to complain to Pope Hadrian IV about the conduct of various abbeys and churches of Jerusalem, which had been neglecting to recognize the authority of the patriarch.
When Amalric of Nesle was elected patriarch of Jerusalem in 1157, he was opposed by the archbishop of Caesarea, Hernesius, and the bishop of Bethlehem, Ralph, but Frederick supported him and returned to Rome to appeal to Hadrian IV. Frederick won Hadrian's blessing for the new patriarch, "by the use of lavish gifts, it is claimed", as William of Tyre explains.
Archbishop of Tyre
In March, 1164, Archbishop Peter of Tyre died, and within a month Frederick was appointed to replace him, at the request of King Amalric. He accompanied Amalric on the expedition against Egypt in 1167, with his own "rather distinguished retinue", according to William. Frederick suffered from dysentery in Egypt after drinking from the Nile and soon returned home. In August of that year he presided over the marriage of Amalric to the Byzantine princess Maria Comnena. A few days later, Frederick appointed William archdeacon of Tyre, but in 1169 he accused the archdeacon probably of receiving to great a salary for his post, which William had probably gained through his friendship with King Amalric. William went to Rome to defend himself against the charges.
Embassy to the West
In 1169, after the failure of Amalric's invasion of Egypt, the king sent an embassy to Europe to obtain financial aid for the struggling Crusader States and to call for a new crusade. The first embassy, led by Patriarch Amalric and Archbishop Ernesius, was caught in a storm in the Mediterranean and was forced to return home. King Amalric then sent a second embassy under Archbishop Frederick, Bishop John of Banyas and Guibert, the preceptor of the Knights Hospitaller. In July they arrived at Rome and met with Pope Alexander III, but none of the monarchs of Europe were willing to assist the far-away Crusader kingdom: Louis VII of France and Henry II of England were already occupied in warring against each other, but Frederick persuaded Henry to donate money and make a pilgrimage later. Frederick Barbarossa had been excommunicated by Alexander III in 1160 and was currently at war with the Papacy, so no support was forthcoming from him either.
The embassy was also meant to find a suitable husband for the then-eleven-year-old Sibylla, the king's daughter, who might one day reign, her brother Baldwin being suspected of having contracted leprosy. In France, Frederick persuaded Count Stephen I of Sancerre and brother-in-law of Louis VII, to come to the east and marry Sibylla. The embassy returned to Jerusalem in 1171, along with Stephen and Duke Hugh III of Burgundy, who came as a representative of Louis VII. It is unknown what Frederick offered the young count, but it seems he never got it, for he returned to France without marrying the princess.
Death
After a long illness, Frederick died in Nablus on October 30, 1174, and was buried in the Templum Domini in Jerusalem. William was appointed archbishop and was consecrated on June 8 of the next year. William describes Frederick as "an extremely tall man. He possessed little education but was inordinately devoted to the art of war."
Sources
William of Tyre, A History of Deeds Done Beyond the Sea, trans. E.A. Babcock and A.C. Krey. Columbia University Press, 1943
Bernard Hamilton, The Leper King and his Heirs, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Hans E. Mayer, "Frederick of La Roche, bishop of Acre and archbishop of Tyre", Tel Aviver Jahrbuch für deutsche Geschichte 22 (1993), pp. 59–72.
1174 deaths
12th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
Christians of the Crusades
Nobility of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
People from La Roche-en-Ardenne
Year of birth unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20de%20la%20Roche |
Pragmatism is a philosophical movement.
Pragmatism or pragmatic may also refer to:
Pragmaticism, Charles Sanders Peirce's post-1905 branch of philosophy
Pragmatics, a subfield of linguistics and semiotics
Pragmatics, an academic journal in the field of pragmatics
Pragmatic ethics, a theory of normative philosophical ethics
Realpolitik, politics or diplomacy based primarily on practical considerations rather than ideological notions, simply referred to as "pragmatism" in politics
See also
Centrism, a political outlook opposing significant shift to the left or the right | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pragmatism%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Kissed is a 1996 Canadian romantic/erotic drama film directed and co-written by Lynne Stopkewich, based on Barbara Gowdy's short story "We So Seldom Look on Love". It premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 1996.
The film stars Molly Parker as Sandra Larson, a young woman whose fixation on death leads her to study embalming at a mortuary school, where in turn she finds herself drawn toward feelings of necrophilia. Peter Outerbridge also stars as Matt, a fellow student who develops romantic feelings for Sandra, and so must learn to accept her sexual proclivities.
Plot
As far back as Sandra Larson (Parker) can remember, she has been fascinated by death. As a child, she dances with the corpses of animals at night, rubbing them on her body, before giving them a funeral. She performs this dance in front of her only friend, a girl named Carol (Jessie Winter Mudie), who ends their friendship soon afterward.
In college, Sandra studies biology, carefully dissecting the bodies of small animals, trying to avoid disfiguring them. She gets a job at a funeral home to be closer to dead bodies. The funeral home's janitor Jan (James Timmons) believes, like Sandra, that dead bodies still have a soul in them. While driving the hearse with a body in a coffin in the back through a car wash, Sandra looks at the body and finds a shining light, believing that body's soul is alive somewhere.
Mr. Wallis apprentices Sandra in embalming. She starts studying mortuary science, where she meets a medical student named Matt (Peter Outerbridge) who also must study corpses for his major. Matt and Sandra begin to date, and Matt is intrigued by Sandra's death fascination. Occasionally they spend nights together in Matt's basement apartment, but Sandra always leaves for late night visits to the mortuary to celebrate the dead bodies of young men with dance ceremonies which escalate into necrophilia.
Matt becomes distraught when he discovers that he is competing with dead bodies. He tries unsuccessfully to get Sandra to talk about her necrophilia, so he starts visiting her at the funeral home, which upsets her. Matt has to go to an extreme to win Sandra's heart, as she struggles with choosing between the living or the dead, with tragic results.
Cast
Molly Parker as Sandra Larson
Natasha Morley as young Sandra
Peter Outerbridge as Matt
Jay Brazeau as Mr. Wallis, Mortician
Jessie Winter Mudie as Carol, young Sandra's best friend
James Timmons as Jan, Mortuary Janitor
Joe Maffei as Biology Teacher
Robert Thurston as Detective
Annabel Kershaw as Mother Larson
Tim Dixon as Father Larson, owner of Larson's Flowers
Production
Concept
Originally, Director Lynne Stopkewich had no particular interest in death or necrophilia. However, an interview by Karen Greenlee, a young California woman caught in a necrophile act with a male cadaver in the late 1970s, got her attention. Another reason that attracted her to the theme was the reading of "We So Seldom Look on Love", a 1992 short story written by Barbara Gowdy, that she read in The Girl Wants to, a collection of female erotica edited by Lynn Crosbie, while working on another film script in February 1994. The short story, itself inspired by the Greenlee's case, impacted Stopkewich because of its originality and non-judgmental tone, and it impressed her so much that began to negatively effect her writing process.
She then contacted Gowdy, acquiring the option to the story for an undisclosed sum in May 1994. Stopkewich described her version as "an interpretation of the piece, not so much a literal translation", and stated the she did not include some details because of the film's low budget. Mainly, she omitted details about the main character's family and instead focused on her experiences as a child and young adult. Stopkewich stated "We So Seldom Look on Love" was an ideal story for a low-budget adaptation because it only featured two main characters and had few locations. The desired 1970s-like setting also helped in decreasing production costs due to thrift shops and garage sale scenarios being cheaper than a "contemporary look".
Generally, necrophiles most commonly present as single persons with an above-average IQ, a propensity for atypical belief systems, and who generally work in death-associated occupations. This is the inspiration behind the main character of the film, Sandra. Stopkewich expressed that she had never actually met a necrophile, nor did she research the topic extensively. She only visited one funeral home before the shoot, declaring it was not her aim to make Sandra "a spokesmodel for all necrophiles". Instead, she set out to create what she called an "unforgettable character," attempting to "put aside my own critical and moral judgments and allow myself to truly enter into the world of the characters".
Her goal was to explore Sandra's "interior world" by focusing on the life experiences she had in common with the character—like growing up in the suburbs, burying dead animals, keeping secret objects hidden under the bed, disco dancing, facing one's mother after the first menstruation, dealing with questions of sex and death, one's first date, and one's first sexual experience. By introducing her through flashbacks as a young girl, Stopkewich desired to create sympathy for the character in order to make her socially inappropriate, taboo passions more acceptable by the audience. Ultimately, Stopkewich described the film's focus as "really kind of a sweet emotional journey with this coming-of-age of this young woman".
Development
Stopkewich started Kissed while studying film at University of British Columbia (UBC); the first draft was written by her in July 1994, and it was shown as her thesis project under the title Wide Awake: That Necrophile Movie to obtain a Master of Fine Arts degree, an honor which she acquired in 1996. As such, the film was self-funded, Stopkewich mostly used UBC's equipments and several crew members were film students. Other crew included newcomer filmmakers such as Bruce Sweeney (whose debut Live Bait was in 1995) as boom operator, Gregory Wild (Highway of Heartache, 1994) contributing to the art direction, and her companion John Pozer as Foley artist. Stopkewich gathered some money and experience with low-budget films from working as the production designer of Pozer's two first films The Grocer's Wife (1991) and The Michelle Apartments (1995). Canadian actor's trade union ACTRA provided a 50 percent deferral of scale as part of an agreement with UBC. After receiving a $3,400 grant from UBC Film Department, Stopkewich invested $36,000 of her own money for a total of $80–100,000 raised with the help of co-producer Dean English, Pozer, family and friends. The main production company for Kissed, Boneyard Film—a Vancouver-based enterprise incorporated with Stopkewich, Pozer, and English—went $400,000 into debt during the film's production, while Stopkewich herself had a $30,000 debt in 1996.
Because of an eight-week opportunity to use equipment at discount, Stopkewich wrote the first draft in only a week to then start its filming. After Stopkewich and Angus Frazer rewrote the screenplay in August 1994, principal photography took five weeks between September and October. To reduce costs during the filming, Stopkewich had the idea of using the company's production office as a film set; after painting and decoration, it became both the funeral home interiors and Matt's basement apartment. The initial sum of money allowed the film to be shoot, but was not enough to develop the film stock, so the Kissed had to be concluded in December when the National Film Board of Canada offered its facilities to process and print the rushes. Because of that, during the first week of shooting, only select rushes were processed to ensure the filming was good. In 1995, after editing was finished on a Steenbeck machine in Pozer's mother basement, the production team applied for a Canada Council Media Arts grant, which resulted in a $47–47,500 sum. Sound recording was done between November 1995 and March 1996. The use of Nettwerk Records' music library and Western Post Productions' digital sound editing were done at deferred cost. Finally, Stopkewich obtained $25,000 from Telefilm Canada for completion money and $45–162,000 from British Columbia Film to adapt it to 35mm format at DuArt Film and Video by April 1996.
Casting and characters
For the main role, Stopkewich originally desired to cast a blonde woman, since the original story described her as "a Doris Day type of character". She was having difficulty to find such an actress and was "desperately looking for someone to play that part" since the film was already in pre-production. By chance, main actress Molly Parker was friend of the film's cinematographer Gregory Middleton and wanted to meet Stopkewich because she had never seen a woman director. After reading the script, Parker was interested in the role and performed it to Stopkewich, who was impressed and cast her. By August 1994, all other main roles—Peter Outerbridge and Jay Brazeau—were cast. For Outerbridge's part as Matt, Stopkewich appreciated Fraser's help since the story was written and directed from a woman's point of view. Matt's character became a counterbalance in a female-centric world and Fraser's constat revisions were essential to create a "full-dimensional Matt". She dubbed him the devil's advocate, "especially in regard to the male characters".
Themes and analysis
Sexuality and gender
Although Offscreens Donato Totaro said that a metaphorical interpretation of the film as female empowerment would be "an act of interpretative magicry", scholars usually interpreted it as possessing "emancipatory narratives and allegories of women's empowerment" or at least "feminist ambiguities" that depicts "extreme female sexual transgression". A Maclean's article described it as having "feminist intelligence". Stopkewich herself talked about not transforming the main character into an object; she instead wanted her to be the subject of the scenes she was in. She declared, "it was crucial to empower Sandra's sexuality when we finally see her engaged in necrophilia". As such, she made cinematic choices that fit it; for example, she tried to create intimacy during the sex scenes so the audience would not feel like they are stalking her. Instead, the protagonist looks directly to the camera when she has an orgasm in a confrontational way. Stopkewich chose to have a white light in this moment to make it possible for people to see how others are reacting and discourage people from walking out in the middle of the film. The director also said she was confronted by people angry "with the fact we've created this character who is totally inaccessible from a male, heterosexual standpoint", and commented Sandra's sexual acts were not phallocentric. Paakspuu, in the chapter "Lynne Stopkewich: Abject Sexualities" of Great Canadian Film Directors, described Sandra as an "id-driven, free spirit, in touch with her feelings and emotions—a loner with the sensitivity of a poet", and said that her quest for forbidden knowledge and deviant sexuality made her "a woman to fear".
Lee Parpart, writing in The Gendered Screen: Canadian Women Filmmakers, commented that Kissed features "contradictory impulses" in the simultaneous wish to have the audience sympathy and to keep them out of their comfort zone that make difficult to say if it is or not a feminist film. On one hand, Stopkewich called Kissed "the Disney version of a film about necrophilia", which Parpart agreed when she analyzed the different portrayal Sandra had in Gowdy's short story. Parpart said Stopkewich "de-radicalize" core aspects of the original story by removing its emphasis on middle-aged femininity, adding a spiritual tone that makes her sound inoffensive, making changes in her voice tone, and changing its ending to one that aligns Sandra with the domestic values of loyalty and monogamy. She also stated that the fact that the characters's deviant sexuality is contained within a heteronormative context helped its normalization. On the other hand, Parpart observed the film had a modernist desire to provide audience with intellectual discomfort as evidenced by Stopkewich's use of white light to constrain walking out people. She further declared it fit third-wave feminism's trend for female icons who balance empowerment with sexual availability and allure, and functioned as part of the debates within 1980s feminism in North America, including feminist reconsiderations of the role of pornography and its censorship.
Paakspuu analyzed that Sandra's obsession with death is associated with her first menstruation—an addition done by Stopkewich that fills in details that have only been implied in Gowdy's story. One of the first moments Sandra realizes her passion is when she is playing with dead animals along her friend Carol. At one point, Sandra is reprehended by Carol when she thinks Sandra had rubbed herself with animal blood when it is actually menstrual blood. According to Paakspuu, Carol's reaction could be interpreted as demonstrating a moral belief system that opposes a "good" blood (menstrual/life giving) to a "bad" one (from death/injury). By doing that, Stopkewich subverts what would be common and naturalizes the deviance.
Light use and spirituality
The display of light and darkness in Kissed was meant to be symbolic by Stopkewich, who was influenced by Gowdy's description of Sandra's sexual acts as "being like being burned by a white light". Since necrophilia is usually seen as a morbid subject, Stopkewich tried to subvert this perception by making Sandra "a child of light (and by association) of goodness". The director said: "We used burns to white whenever Sandra touches death to play against the idea of a cold so deep it is seen as a white light". The whiteness was also influenced by and a homage to German Rainer Werner Fassbinder's 1974 film Effi Briest, in which blinding fades to white denote the protagonist's desire to be free from the constraints of social status. Sandra's necrophile acts are the moments in which fog filters are used to create a "spirit-filled glow or 'aura' around the characters" that "intensify the lyrical, dream-like quality of 'crossing over'", as described by Paakspuu. Lee Parpart argued that the use of fog filters, halo effects, beloweye-line shots, and the white light made Kissed "sells its blood-loving lead character as a sensitive figure whose stated motivation for sleeping with dead bodies ... becomes all the more believable and acceptable because she is lit and shot in a way that lends her a kind of otherworldly beauty and innocence".
Paakspuu noted Stopkewich created a moral dichotomy through her symbolic use of lights, colour palette, scenarios, and sounds in the film. Sandra, presented as "a light-drenched angel" in Paakspuu's words, is shown in sparsely decorated grey-blue that mirrors the clarity of corpses. She becomes illuminated by red when she is courted by Matt, "embodying the uncontained sensuality and sexuality of a noir vamp". Matt is also thematically connected to darkness because of his basement apartment and attitudes like sitting in the dark and jumping out of the darkness at Sandra leaving the funeral home. Stopkweich said, "Darkness too plays a part if only to differentiate from the 'light' of Sandra's experience". Paakspuu wrote that Matt's darkness is shown by his interest in alternative realities and his lack of own motives that makes him try to fill that gap by making Sandra's interest his own. While she is associated with nature, shyness, and virginity because of her pagan and ritualistic's world, Matt's one is linked to science and technology and is claustrophobic and distracting. As such, their soundscapes reflect a nature–culture divide, in which Matt's surrounding sounds like traffic, household appliances and airplanes stand for the culture, while Sandra's classical elements and animals' sound effects stand for nature.
Many film critics considered that necrophilia was not the subject per se of the film. Roger Ebert said it "is about a necrophiliac, but in its approach, it could be about spirituality or transcendence." Totaro stated the film "[was] not about necrophilia at all", but a New Agey exploration of the mind–body problem. Totaro wrote it felt closer to "afterlife" or "out-of-body" experience films such as Ghost than Dellamorte Dellamore or the Nekromantik films and the that white light was used to make the audience understand that it was a spiritual experience. Parpart declared Sandra "seek[s] out a kind of sexual-spiritual union with the cadavers". Peter Bowen of Filmmaker commented that the film's opening voice-over "invit[ed] us to eroticize death in transcendent and spiritual ways" and that the light/darkness palette "symbolize[s] the story's libidinal and spiritual forces". Similarly, Paakspuu said the voice-over was used to poeticize the narrative and express Sandra's spirituality and worldview. Specific camera movement—swooping, spinning, and soaring—was also singled by Paakspuu because she considered it helped to contrast her necrophile acts as moments of "heightened sense of euphoria" in opposition to daily activities.
Release and reception
Kissed debuted at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 1996. Although it has been described as "one of the most controversial films" at the festival by Ebert, it was acquired by commercial distributors in only few days. According to The Canadian Encyclopedia, the film "caused a sensation" at film festivals, while Playback reported it "caused a stir and a bidding war" at Toronto and that on October 4, 1996, at least 300 people could not see Kissed showing in the Vancouver International Film Festival because it was crowded. Its exhibition at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival received a warm reception and was the first sell-out of the Directors' Fortnight.
The film opened in Canada on nine screens on April 11, 1997, where it was distributed by Malofilm. Although the company did not disclose box office numbers, Playback reports it grossed $256,000 at the Canadian box office. Cinépix Film Properties considered acquiring its American distribution rights, but ultimately it was done by Goldwyn Entertainment Company. In its opening three-day weekend on April 18, Kissed grossed $37,100 on eight screens. After 141 weeks in theaters in the United States, it grossed $329,211, according to Box Office Mojo, while The Numbers informs a total gross of $465,417. The film was also marketed in Europe and, according to the European Audiovisual Observatory, the film was seen by 77,887 people in the continent. The highest attendance occurred in Italy (over 19,000), the United Kingdom (18,000), and Germany (11,000). The film was described as "an art-house hit" and as a "indie hit" by The Province and The Globe and Mail, respectively.
The film received widespread critical acclaim from film critics at the time of its release. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an 68% approval rating based on 22 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. Mostly positive commentary was directed towards Stopkewich's capacity of handling such a subject in a subtle and sensitive way and to Parker's performance. Maclean's reported that, despite its taboo-subject, "what shocked many of those who actually saw Kissed was that it was so sensitive, so poetic and so strangely inoffensive". It has been described as bold debut film; Maclean's called it "arguably the most provocative debut in the annals of Canadian cinema" and included both Stopkewich and Parker in a 1997's list of "100 Canadians to Watch".
The New York Times noted that "it would be easy to snicker at this Canadian film, were its subject not handled with a delicacy and lyricism that underscore the mystical rather than gruesome aspects of what Sandra coolly acknowledges is a consuming addiction." The A.V. Club stated that "There's much of interest here, and though it's rare and refreshing to find a film that genuinely tries to address the subject of death directly, Kissed is likely to leave its audience as cold as the objects of its heroine's desire."
Impact
"The Kissed hype", as described Playback, resulted in a month-long tour by Stopkewich in the United States, where she and Parker signed to the William Morris Agency. Between the aftermath of its wide release and the end of 1997, Stopkewich was receiving a lot of potential scripts from Hollywood and elsewhere. Until acting as Sandra in Kissed, Parker had only been featured in relatively unknown Canadian television productions; this was Parker's breakthrough role. After receiving critical acclaim, she appeared in Variety cover, and attracted the attention of several directors and producers, including British Michael Winterbottom (Wonderland, 1999), Hungarian István Szabó (Sunshine, 1999), and American Jodie Foster (Waking the Dead, 2000).
Along with Atom Egoyan's 1994 Exotica and David Cronenberg's 1996 Crash, Kissed helped the Canadian film industry to acquire international notoriety. The Canadian Encyclopedia article "Canadian Film History: Notable Films and Filmmakers 1980 to Present" highlighted it, calling it "a highly successful" piece.
Awards
Soundtrack
The original soundtrack album for Kissed was released by Nettwerk Records under the Unforscene Music imprint in 1997 and featured music appearing in and recorded for the film.
Don Macdonald – Bird in Hand (Original Score)
Ginger – Far Out
Don Macdonald – Ambulance (Original Score)
The Ids – Locked in a Room
Suzanne Little – This Time
Don Macdonald – Opening in Darkness (Original Score)
Tom Hooper – Come to Me
Don Macdonald – Vanity Mirror (Original Score)
Tara MacLean – That's Me
Delerium – Flowers Become Screens
Don Macdonald – Graveyard (Original Score)
Mark Findler – Train of Misery
Don Macdonald – Prep Room (Original Score)
The Aquanettas – Beach Party (remix)
Don Macdonald – Dead Matt (Original Score)
Kristy Thirsk – Bounds of Love
Don Macdonald – Love (Original Score)
Sarah McLachlan – Fumbling Towards Ecstasy
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
1996 films
1996 directorial debut films
1996 drama films
Canadian erotic drama films
English-language Canadian films
Films about sexual repression
Films based on Canadian short stories
Films directed by Lynne Stopkewich
Films shot in Vancouver
Films set in Vancouver
Funeral homes in fiction
Necrophilia in film
Orion Pictures films
The Samuel Goldwyn Company films
1990s English-language films
1990s Canadian films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kissed |
The Barzani tribe () is a Kurdish tribe and tribal confederation of various neighboring tribes inhabiting Barzan in Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The Barzanis are mostly Naqshbandi and one of the most influential tribes in Kurdistan.
History
Barzanis were originally Yezidis who in 19th century converted to the Sufi or mystical form of Sunni Islam. By late 19th century, the Barzani tribe, who were led by a Barzani sheikh (hereditary local ruler), had established a local tekkeyeh and attracted support of several other Kurdish tribes.
The tekkeyeh became an asylum for the aggrieved local Kurdish tribes, assisting in strengthening the authority of the Barzani sheikhdom in the region and becoming the focal point of a claim for greater regional autonomy from what was at the time the Ottoman Empire.
The tribe has many Jewish members as well. Other than the Barzani tribe, the Barzanis consist of the Sherwani, Muzuri, Beroji, Nizari, Dolomari, Herki bneji and Gerdi tribes. During the Anfal campaign, about 8,000 members of the tribe were massacred.
Persecution
On 10 June 1932 the Iraqi Army approached the Barzanis to avenge their prior uprising. Some 400 families had to leave their possessions and fled. Numerous women and children of the Barzani tribe fled to Turkey meanwhile about 250 men stayed to defend their homeland.
Between 1932 and 1934 the Iraqi Army together with the Royal Air Force attacked and destroyed 79 villages in the Barzan area. 2382 families were displaced from area. On 11 November 1945 the Royal Air Force bombed the area again, destroying 35 villages. More than 15.000 civilians fled to Iran.
On 10 April 1947, the Iranian Army launched attacks on the Barzanis with tanks and artillery which led to 5000 men, women and children fleeing and returning to Iraqi Kurdistan, where they were imprisoned and held captive for between 2 and 12 years.
In July and August 1983, by the orders of President Saddam Hussein over 8,000 men and boys of the Barzani tribe, some as young as 13, were killed by the Ba'athist Iraq.
See also
Barzani (surname)
Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic
Anfal genocide
Asenath Barzani
Moshe Barazani
Rawan Barzani
References
Kurdish tribes
Sufis
Jewish Kurdish history | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barzani%20%28tribe%29 |
In Defiance of Existence is the fifth studio album by Norwegian black metal band Old Man's Child, released on 20 January 2003.
Track listing
All music and lyrics written and composed by Galder, except on tracks 4 & 7 music by Galder/Jardar.
"Felonies of the Christian Art" – 5:48
"Agony of Fallen Grace" – 4:28
"Black Seeds on Virgin Soil" – 4:57
"In Defiance of Existence" – 4:56
"Sacrifice of Vengeance" – 4:31
"The Soul Receiver" – 4:31
"In Quest of Enigmatic Dreams" – 0:52
"The Underworld Domains" – 4:48
"Life Deprived" – 4:49
Personnel
Galder – Vocals, Guitars, Bass and Synth
Jardar – Guitars
Nicholas Barker - Drums
Gus G – Guest guitar solos on tracks 1 and 9
Additional personnel
Christophe Szpajdel — logo
References
2003 albums
Old Man's Child albums
Century Media Records albums
Albums produced by Fredrik Nordström | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20Defiance%20of%20Existence |
Vermin is the sixth studio album by Norwegian black metal band Old Man's Child, released on 14 October 2005.
Track listing
All music and lyrics written and composed by Galder, except "Twilight Damnation" (music by Galder and Jardar, lyrics by Galder).
"Enslaved and Condemned" – 4:15
"The Plague of Sorrow" – 4:09
"War of Fidelity" – 4:19
"In Torment's Orbit" – 5:04
"Lord of Command (Bringer of Hate)" – 4:51
"The Flames of Deceit" – 4:39
"Black Marvels of Death" – 4:22
"Twilight Damnation" – 4:42
"...As Evil Descends" – 1:11
Credits
Galder – vocals, lead guitars, bass guitar, acoustic guitars, and keyboards
Reno Kiilerich – drums (session)
Eric Peterson – Guest guitar lead on "In Torment's Orbit"
Additional personnel
Christophe Szpajdel — logo
References
Old Man's Child albums
2005 albums
Century Media Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermin%20%28album%29 |
Government House, also known as the Governor's Mansion, is the official residence of the governor of Maryland. It is located on State Circle in Annapolis, Maryland, adjacent to the Maryland State House complex. The residence has been the home of the Governor since 1870; before that, from 1777 until 1870, Jennings House was the residence of the governors of Maryland.
Government House was designed by Baltimore architect R. Snowden Andrews (1830–1903). Originally designed in the fashion of the time, with a Mansard roof and Italianate arched windows. the residence was converted in 1935–36 to its present Georgian style.
Gallery
References
External links
Government House webpage
Tour information
Maryland
History of Maryland
Houses in Annapolis, Maryland
Museums in Annapolis, Maryland
Historic house museums in Maryland
Government buildings in Maryland
1870 establishments in Maryland
Governor of Maryland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20House%20%28Maryland%29 |
David W. Hughes (7 November 1941 – 6 June 2022) was professor of astronomy at the University of Sheffield, where he worked from 1965 to 2007. Hughes published over 200 research papers on asteroids, comets, meteorites and meteoroids. He wrote on the history of astronomy, the origin of the Solar System and the impact threat to planet Earth.
Early life
Hughes was born in East Retford, Nottinghamshire, and educated at Mundella School (now Nottingham Emmanuel School), Birmingham University (1959–1962), where he gained a degree in physics, and Oxford University (1962–1965, New College and the University Observatory), where he was awarded a D.Phil. in solar astrophysics.
Professional career
Hughes became an assistant lecturer at Sheffield after leaving Oxford. Beyond his research, his teaching specialised in the history of astronomy, solar and planetary studies and geophysics. He was one of a small group of staff who established astronomy as a separate degree subject within Sheffield University's Physics department (now Physics and Astronomy). He progressed to a chair (professorship) and was given an emeritus chair on retirement.
Public outreach
Hughes often appeared on TV, most notably with the live coverage of the ESA Giotto space mission to Halley's Comet. He also appeared on Christmas day TV, between the Queen's address and a Queen concert, discussing his interpretation of the biblical Christmas story. This was based on his book The Star of Bethlehem: an astronomer's confirmation, Walker, Pocket, Dent, Corgi, 1979. After retiring Hughes spent his life in Sheffield writing about astronomy and as a member of the Royal Astronomical Society's Astronomy Heritage Committee. He enjoyed giving astronomy talks on cruise ships where, on many occasions, he represented the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC.
Personal life
Hughes enjoyed collecting livery buttons, Chinese ceramics and cast-iron railway signs. He is survived by his wife Carole Stott, who also writes on astronomy, and their two children, Ellen and Owen.
Awards and honours
The Mars-crossing asteroid 4205 David Hughes, discovered by Edward Bowell in 1985, was named in his honour. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 2 November 1990 ().
Gallery
Bibliography
"Understanding the Solar System"; Hughes, David W., , Library of Congress Number: 2005930854; First edition published in 2006 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. Copyright 2006 Quintet Publishing Limited. 96 pages. Ilustrated.
References
1941 births
2022 deaths
Academics of the University of Sheffield
Alumni of New College, Oxford
Alumni of the University of Birmingham
20th-century British astronomers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Hughes%20%28astronomer%29 |
Ron Sexsmith is the second album and major-label debut album by Canadian singer-songwriter Ron Sexsmith, released in 1995 on Interscope Records. The album's liner notes feature a dedication to Harry Nilsson. "Secret Heart" appeared in The X Files episode Babylon.
Track listing
Personnel
Ron Sexsmith - vocals, guitar, backing vocals; piano, bass and drums on "There's a Rhythm"
Jerry Scheff - bass
Mitchell Froom - keyboards
Jerry Marotta - drums, percussion, backing vocals
with:
Steve Amedee - tambourine on "Words We Never Use" and "Heart With No Companion"
Martin Tillman - cello on "Speaking With the Angel" and "Several Miles"
Tchad Blake - effects on "From a Few Streets Over"
Daniel Lanois - electric guitar on "There's a Rhythm"
Pierre Marchand - accordion on "There's a Rhythm"
Technical
Tchad Blake - recording, mixing
John Paterno - additional recording
Daniel Lanois - producer on "There's a Rhythm", photography
References
External links
Ron Sexsmith official page album page (includes lyrics)
[ Allmusic album main page]
MP3.com album main page
1995 albums
Ron Sexsmith albums
Albums produced by Mitchell Froom
Interscope Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Sexsmith%20%28album%29 |
Government House was built between 1902 and 1906 as the official residence of the governor of the Transvaal Colony. It was designed by Herbert Baker.
The Cape vernacular style was taken on as a national building style promoted not only by the Cape coteries but also by proponents of Dutch-speaking republican independence or of Afrikaner nationalism, notably the Dutch Pretoria artist Jacobus Hendrik Pierneef. Over the next few decades most public buildings in South Africa were designed with versions of Cape Dutch gables, with fanlights, mullioned windows, and brass escutcheons, to differing degrees of cost and credibility.
See also
Government Houses of South Africa
Government Houses of the British Empire
Governors General of South Africa
References
Government buildings completed in 1906
Houses completed in 1906
Official residences in South Africa
Herbert Baker buildings and structures
Buildings and structures in Pretoria
Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth
1906 establishments in South Africa
20th-century architecture in South Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20House%2C%20Pretoria |
Friedrich Otto Schott (1851–1935) was a German chemist, glass technologist, and the inventor of borosilicate glass. Schott systematically investigated the relationship between the chemical composition of the glass and its properties. In this way, he solved fundamental problems in glass properties, identifying compositions with optical properties that approach the theoretical limit. Schott's findings were a major advance in the optics for microscopy and optical astronomy. His work has been described as "a watershed in the history of glass composition".
Early life and education
Schott was the son of a window glass maker, Simon Schott. His mother was Karoline Schott. From 1870 to 1873 Schott studied chemical technology at the technical college in Aachen and at the University of Würzburg and at the University of Leipzig. He earned a doctorate in chemistry at Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, specializing in glass science. His doctoral thesis was entitled “Contributions to the Theory and Practice of Glass Fabrication” (1875).
Scientific contributions
In 1879, Schott developed a new lithium-based glass that possessed novel optical properties. Schott shared this discovery with Ernst Abbe, a professor of physics at Jena University whose comments on glass had stimulated Schott's interest in the subject.
Not long after Schott had completed his formal university training, he had become aware that Abbe had articulated the deficiencies in glass that was available at the time. The deficiencies were particularly acute in scientific instruments for which optical performance of the glass in lenses such as for telescopes and microscopes. Scientifically, as the magnification power of the lenses were increased, chromatic aberration became large. Chromatic aberration causes the optical quality of the visual image to become dependent on the color of the light, resulting in a significant limitation of the scientific instrument.
In response to Abbe's scientific provocation, Schott began a systematic investigation of the properties of glass as the properties varied with the chemical composition. Schott substituted one element for another, such as borate and phosphate for a portion of the silica in the glass and substituting fluoride for oxygen.
Schott's 1879 letter to Abbe was the beginning of a long collaboration between the two scientists.
Abbe was already working with Carl Zeiss, an instrument-maker, on the making of glass for microscopes. Zeiss participated in the three-way collaboration by testing improved glass compositions that Schott and Abbe identified in actual optical instruments, such as telescopes.
In 1882, Schott moved to Jena, where he could work more closely with Abbe and Zeiss.
They created types of glass and examined their properties using silica, soda, potash, lime, lead oxide and 28 other elements. Lacking a theoretical basis for the work, they relied on careful and systematic observation and measurement. The addition of elements that had no direct effect on optical properties might help to correct other properties of a glass such as the occurrence of surface staining when exposed to air.
By 1886, Schott had completed thorough investigations of structure-property relationships in glass compositions. Through these investigations, Schott discovered that the refractive index of a glass (important to its ability to function as a magnifying lens) could be disconnected from its chromatic aberration. In this way, Schott settled on a lithium-containing glass that could perform close to its theoretical limit in scientific instruments, which was a significant advance in optical instrumentation such as for microscopy and astronomy.
By mastering the process of small-scale melt-stirring, Schott was able to create a homogeneous product, whose refractive index and dispersion could be exactly measured and characterized. Through systematic experiment, he applied this to the creation of an array of different glass types. Based on his experiments, Schott worked with A. Winkelmann to develop the first composition-property model for the calculation of glass properties.
Glass compositions
Schott systematized the chemical composition of a significant range of glass compositions. Representative examples are summarized in the table.
Business interests
In 1884, in association with Dr. Ernst Abbe and Carl Zeiss, Otto founded Glastechnische Laboratorium Schott & Genossen (Schott & Associates Glass Technology Laboratory) in Jena. It was here, during the period 1887 through to 1893, that Schott developed borosilicate glass. Borosilicate glass is distinguished for its high tolerance to heat and a substantial resistance to thermal shock resulting from sudden temperature changes and resistance to degradation when exposed to corrosive chemicals. This type of glass initially became known under the brand name Duran. Their business enterprise also commercialized apochromatic lenses that had low chromatic aberration and was based on Schott's systematic investigations of the composition and properties of glass.
Schott used borosilicate glass to make laboratory and medical supplies, including thermometers, glassware for laboratory use, medicine vials and pharmaceutical tubing. Schott produced domestic glassware under the brandname "Jenaer Glas". He also produced heat resistant lamp cylinders for use in gas lighting. Carl Auer's incandescent gas lamps were first sold in 1894 and became a lucrative source of income for Schott's glassworks. In late 1890s he was also involved in the electrification of the industry in Jena. Schott's business enterprise held a near monopoly on global optical glass from its inception until the start of World War I.
In 1919, Schott & Associates became wholly owned by the Carl Zeiss Foundation, although Schott & Associates is known in the early 21st century as Schott AG. The Schott Company's brand became associated with high quality and specialty optics.
As of 2020, vials made of glass from Schott AG were being used in vaccination efforts against COVID-19 disease.
Personal life
In 1917, Otto Schott's eldest son, Rolf Schott, was killed in World War I. Shortly thereafter, Otto's son Erich Schott joined Schott & Gen. In 1926, Otto Schott retired from active work at Schott & Gen. Shortly thereafter, Erich Schott took over Otto Schott's responsibilities in managing the company.
Awards and legacy
In 1909, Schott received the Liebig Medal from the Association of German Chemists.
Otto-Schott-Straße in Jena, Germany, the location of Schott's home, was renamed in Schott's honor. The Schott Glass Museum is on the same premises. Both can be visited. The Schott Glass Museum displays developments in glass science beginning with the innovations of Otto Schott.
Since 1991, the Otto Schott Research Award has been presented every two years to meritorious researchers in the field of glass science and ceramics science. The award is organized and funded by the Abbe Fund of the Carl Zeiss Foundation.
References
External links
SCHOTT Corporate Archives, Jena, Germany
1851 births
1935 deaths
People from Witten
Glass makers
History of glass
Glass chemistry
19th-century German chemists
19th-century German inventors
People from the Province of Westphalia
Glass engineering and science | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20Schott |
Superfund Group (formerly Quadriga) is an asset management company, specializing in alternate quantitative investment strategies. The Superfund Group was founded in 1994 by Christian Baha in Vienna, Austria and utilizes fully automated proprietary computer trading systems. It has offices in Chicago, Tokyo, Hong Kong, Amsterdam, Vienna, Warsaw, Grenada, and Zürich. The company manages over US$1 billion in different alternate strategies.
History
In 1996, Superfund launched its first alternative investment product, the Superfund Q-AG.
In 2002, Superfund received admission for sale by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to offer its funds in the United States. In 2003 Superfund was internationally launched as the new generation of Quadriga funds, and in 2004 Quadriga renamed itself Superfund. During the same time Superfund expanded its presence in Asia through its offices in Japan and Hong Kong and was one of the early entrants in the region. Its funds are domiciled in various jurisdictions such as Luxembourg, Cayman, U.S.A., Japan and Poland.
Between 1991 and 1996, the first computerized Superfund trading system was conceptualized and developed by Christian Baha, who is the founder of the group. Superfund strategies trade across 150 global commodity and financial futures markets.
2008 was one of the best years for CTA funds which manage close to US$300 Billion as per Barclay CTA, however subsequent years have been challenging for trend following funds. Christian Baha was ranked 22 on the world's most successful managers in 2008, but his funds were hit particularly hard in the following years. More recently he expanded the investment management team to 55.
Superfund developed a full systematic global equity market neutral strategy which has recently been used in an approved UCITS IV fund authorised for retail distribution in Luxembourg and other European countries.
In June 2010, the firm closed six international offices and laid off staff as part of cost-saving measures.
In March 2022, Austrian Ex-Finance Minister Gernot Blümel became the CEO of the Superfund Group.
Marketing
Superfund promotes its funds by sponsoring cultural institutions like the Viennese Symphony Orchestra and the American Ballet Theatre, sports teams and personalities like World Cup overall champion alpine skier Bode Miller and some other culture sponsorings such as the Albertina. Superfund also sponsored Partizan during their 2003/2004 UEFA Champions League campaign. Superfund has been involved in auto racing, briefly sponsoring the Minardi team in Formula One and attempting to start its own formula racing series. A team owned by Austrian driver Alexander Wurz and backed by Superfund applied an entry for the 2010 Formula One season but it never happened.
References
External links
Superfund official site
Interview of Baha for the NY Sun
Investment management companies of Austria
Austrian companies established in 1995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfund%20Group |
Image stabilization (IS) is a family of techniques that reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or other imaging device during exposure.
Generally, it compensates for pan and tilt (angular movement, equivalent to yaw and pitch) of the imaging device, though electronic image stabilization can also compensate for rotation about the optical axis (roll). It is mainly used in high-end image-stabilized binoculars, still and video cameras, astronomical telescopes, and also smartphones. With still cameras, camera shake is a particular problem at slow shutter speeds or with long focal length lenses (telephoto or zoom). With video cameras, camera shake causes visible frame-to-frame jitter in the recorded video. In astronomy, the problem of lens shake is added to variation in the atmosphere, which changes the apparent positions of objects over time.
Application in still photography
In photography, image stabilization can facilitate shutter speeds 2 to 5.5 stops slower (exposures 4 to times longer), and even slower effective speeds have been reported.
A rule of thumb to determine the slowest shutter speed possible for hand-holding without noticeable blur due to camera shake is to take the reciprocal of the 35 mm equivalent focal length of the lens, also known as the "1/mm rule". For example, at a focal length of 125 mm on a 35 mm camera, vibration or camera shake could affect sharpness if the shutter speed is slower than second. As a result of the 2-to-4.5-stops slower shutter speeds allowed by IS, an image taken at second speed with an ordinary lens could be taken at or second with an IS-equipped lens and produce almost the same quality. The sharpness obtainable at a given speed can increase dramatically.
When calculating the effective focal length, it is important to take into account the image format a camera uses. For example, many digital SLR cameras use an image sensor that is , , or the size of a 35 mm film frame. This means that the 35 mm frame is 1.5, 1.6, or 2 times the size of the digital sensor. The latter values are referred to as the crop factor, field-of-view crop factor, focal-length multiplier, or format factor. On a 2× crop factor camera, for instance, a 50 mm lens produces the same field of view as a 100 mm lens used on a 35 mm film camera, and can typically be handheld at second.
However, image stabilization does not prevent motion blur caused by the movement of the subject or by extreme movements of the camera. Image stabilization is only designed for and capable of reducing blur that results from normal, minute shaking of a lens due to hand-held shooting. Some lenses and camera bodies include a secondary panning mode or a more aggressive 'active mode', both described in greater detail below under optical image stabilization.
Astrophotography makes much use of long-exposure photography, which requires the camera to be fixed in place. However, fastening it to the Earth is not enough, since the Earth rotates. The Pentax K-5 and K-r, when equipped with the O-GPS1 GPS accessory for position data, can use their sensor-shift capability to reduce the resulting star trails.
Stabilization can be applied in the lens, or in the camera body. Each method has distinctive advantages and disadvantages.
Techniques
Optical image stabilization
An optical image stabilizer (OIS, IS, or OS) is a mechanism used in still or video cameras that stabilizes the recorded image by varying the optical path to the sensor. This technology is implemented in the lens itself, as distinct from in-body image stabilization (IBIS), which operates by moving the sensor as the final element in the optical path. The key element of all optical stabilization systems is that they stabilize the image projected on the sensor before the sensor converts the image into digital information. IBIS can have up to 5 axis of movement: X, Y, Roll, Yaw, and Pitch. IBIS has the added advantage of working with all lenses.
Benefits of OIS
Optical image stabilization prolongs the shutter speed possible for handheld photography by reducing the likelihood of blurring the image from shake during the same exposure time.
For handheld video recording, regardless of lighting conditions, optical image stabilization compensates for minor shakes whose appearance magnifies when watched on a large display such as a television set or computer monitor.
Names by vendors
Different companies have different names for the OIS technology, for example:
Vibration Reduction (VR) – Nikon (produced the first optical two-axis stabilized lens, a 38–105 mm f/4–7.8 zoom built into the Nikon Zoom 700VR (US: Zoom-Touch 105 VR) camera in 1994)
Image Stabilizer (IS) – Canon introduced the EF 75–300 mm f/4–5.6 IS USM) in 1995. In 2009, they introduced their first lens (the EF 100mm F2.8 Macro L) to use a four-axis Hybrid IS.)
Anti-Shake (AS) – Minolta and Konica Minolta (Minolta introduced the first sensor-based two-axis image stabilizer with the DiMAGE A1 in 2003)
IBIS - In Body Image Stabilisation – Olympus and Fujifilm
Optical SteadyShot (OSS) – Sony (for Cyber-shot and several α E-mount lenses)
Optical Image Stabilization (OIS) – Fujifilm
MegaOIS, PowerOIS – Panasonic and Leica
SteadyShot (SS), Super SteadyShot (SSS), SteadyShot INSIDE (SSI) – Sony (based on Konica Minolta's Anti-Shake originally, Sony introduced a 2-axis full-frame variant for the DSLR-A900 in 2008 and a 5-axis stabilizer for the full-frame ILCE-7M2 in 2014)
Optical Stabilization (OS) – Sigma
Vibration Compensation (VC) – Tamron
Shake Reduction (SR) – Pentax
PureView – Nokia (produced the first cell phone optical stabilised sensor, built into the Lumia 920)
UltraPixel – HTC (Image Stabilization is only available for the 2013 HTC One & 2016 HTC 10 with UltraPixel. It is not available for the HTC One (M8) or HTC Butterfly S, which also have UltraPixel)
Most high-end smartphones as of late 2014 use optical image stabilization for photos and videos.
Lens-based
In Nikon and Canon's implementation, it works by using a floating lens element that is moved orthogonally to the optical axis of the lens using electromagnets. Vibration is detected using two piezoelectric angular velocity sensors (often called gyroscopic sensors), one to detect horizontal movement and the other to detect vertical movement. As a result, this kind of image stabilizer corrects only for pitch and yaw axis rotations, and cannot correct for rotation around the optical axis. Some lenses have a secondary mode that counteracts vertical-only camera shake. This mode is useful when using a panning technique. Some such lenses activate it automatically; others use a switch on the lens.
To compensate for camera shake in shooting video while walking, Panasonic introduced Power Hybrid OIS+ with five-axis correction: axis rotation, horizontal rotation, vertical rotation, and horizontal and vertical motion.
Some Nikon VR-enabled lenses offer an "active" mode for shooting from a moving vehicle, such as a car or boat, which is supposed to correct for larger shakes than the "normal" mode. However, active mode used for normal shooting can produce poorer results than normal mode. This is because active mode is optimized for reducing higher angular velocity movements (typically when shooting from a heavily moving platform using faster shutter speeds), where normal mode tries to reduce lower angular velocity movements over a larger amplitude and timeframe (typically body and hand movement when standing on a stationary or slowly moving platform while using slower shutter speeds).
Most manufacturers suggest that the IS feature of a lens be turned off when the lens is mounted on a tripod as it can cause erratic results and is generally unnecessary. Many modern image stabilization lenses (notably Canon's more recent IS lenses) are able to auto-detect that they are tripod-mounted (as a result of extremely low vibration readings) and disable IS automatically to prevent this and any consequent image quality reduction. The system also draws battery power, so deactivating it when not needed extends the battery charge.
A disadvantage of lens-based image stabilization is cost. Each lens requires its own image stabilization system. Also, not every lens is available in an image-stabilized version. This is often the case for fast primes and wide-angle lenses. However, the fastest lens with image stabilisation is the Nocticron with a speed of f/1.2. While the most obvious advantage for image stabilization lies with longer focal lengths, even normal and wide-angle lenses benefit from it in low-light applications.
Lens-based stabilization also has advantages over in-body stabilization. In low-light or low-contrast situations, the autofocus system (which has no stabilized sensors) is able to work more accurately when the image coming from the lens is already stabilized. In cameras with optical viewfinders, the image seen by the photographer through the stabilized lens (as opposed to in-body stabilization) reveals more detail because of its stability, and it also makes correct framing easier. This is especially the case with longer telephoto lenses. This is not an issue for Mirrorless interchangeable-lens camera systems, because the sensor output to the screen or electronic viewfinder is stabilized.
Sensor-shift
The sensor capturing the image can be moved in such a way as to counteract the motion of the camera, a technology often referred to as mechanical image stabilization. When the camera rotates, causing angular error, gyroscopes encode information to the actuator that moves the sensor. The sensor is moved to maintain the projection of the image onto the image plane, which is a function of the focal length of the lens being used. Modern cameras can automatically acquire focal length information from modern lenses made for that camera. Minolta and Konica Minolta used a technique called Anti-Shake (AS) now marketed as SteadyShot (SS) in the Sony α line and Shake Reduction (SR) in the Pentax K-series and Q series cameras, which relies on a very precise angular rate sensor to detect camera motion. Olympus introduced image stabilization with their E-510 D-SLR body, employing a system built around their Supersonic Wave Drive. Other manufacturers use digital signal processors (DSP) to analyze the image on the fly and then move the sensor appropriately. Sensor shifting is also used in some cameras by Fujifilm, Samsung, Casio Exilim and Ricoh Caplio.
The advantage with moving the image sensor, instead of the lens, is that the image can be stabilized even on lenses made without stabilization. This may allow the stabilization to work with many otherwise-unstabilized lenses, and reduces the weight and complexity of the lenses. Further, when sensor-based image stabilization technology improves, it requires replacing only the camera to take advantage of the improvements, which is typically far less expensive than replacing all existing lenses if relying on lens-based image stabilization. Some sensor-based image stabilization implementations are capable of correcting camera roll rotation, a motion that is easily excited by pressing the shutter button. No lens-based system can address this potential source of image blur. A by-product of available "roll" compensation is that the camera can automatically correct for tilted horizons in the optical domain, provided it is equipped with an electronic spirit level, such as the Pentax K-7/K-5 cameras.
One of the primary disadvantages of moving the image sensor itself is that the image projected to the viewfinder is not stabilized. Similarly, the image projected to a phase-detection autofocus system that is not part of the image sensor, if used, is not stabilized. This is not an issue on cameras that use an electronic viewfinder (EVF), since the image projected on that viewfinder is taken from the image sensor itself.
Some, but not all, camera-bodies capable of in-body stabilization can be pre-set manually to a given focal length. Their stabilization system corrects as if that focal length lens is attached, so the camera can stabilize older lenses, and lenses from other makers. This isn't viable with zoom lenses, because their focal length is variable. Some adapters communicate focal length information from the maker of one lens to the body of another maker. Some lenses that do not report their focal length can be retrofitted with a chip which reports a pre-programmed focal-length to the camera body. Sometimes, none of these techniques work, and image-stabilization cannot be used with such lenses.
In-body image stabilization requires the lens to have a larger output image circle because the sensor is moved during exposure and thus uses a larger part of the image. Compared to lens movements in optical image stabilization systems the sensor movements are quite large, so the effectiveness is limited by the maximum range of sensor movement, where a typical modern optically-stabilized lens has greater freedom. Both the speed and range of the required sensor movement increase with the focal length of the lens being used, making sensor-shift technology less suited for very long telephoto lenses, especially when using slower shutter speeds, because the available motion range of the sensor quickly becomes insufficient to cope with the increasing image displacement.
In September 2023, Nikon has announced the release of Nikon Z f, which has the world’s first Focus-Point VR technology that centers the axis of sensor shift image stabilization at the autofocus point, rather than at the center of the sensor like the conventional sensor shift image stabilization system. This allows for vibration reduction at the focused point rather than just in the center of the image.
Dual
Starting with the Panasonic Lumix DMC-GX8, announced in July 2015, and subsequently in the Panasonic Lumix DC-GH5, Panasonic, who formerly only equipped lens-based stabilization in its interchangeable lens camera system (of the Micro Four Thirds standard), introduced sensor-shift stabilization that works in concert with the existing lens-based system ("Dual IS").
In the meantime (2016), Olympus also offered two lenses with image stabilization that can be synchronized with the in-built image stabilization system of the image sensors of Olympus' Micro Four Thirds cameras ("Sync IS"). With this technology a gain of 6.5 f-stops can be achieved without blurred images. This is limited by the rotational movement of the surface of the Earth, that fools the accelerometers of the camera. Therefore, depending on the angle of view, the maximum exposure time should not exceed second for long telephoto shots (with a 35 mm equivalent focal length of 800 millimeters) and a little more than ten seconds for wide angle shots (with a 35 mm equivalent focal length of 24 millimeters), if the movement of the Earth is not taken into consideration by the image stabilization process.
In 2015, the Sony E camera system also allowed combining image stabilization systems of lenses and camera bodies, but without synchronizing the same degrees of freedom. In this case, only the independent compensation degrees of the in-built image sensor stabilization are activated to support lens stabilisation.
Canon and Nikon now have full-frame mirrorless bodies that have IBIS and also support each company's lens-based stabilization. Canon's first two such bodies, the EOS R and RP, do not have IBIS, but the feature was added for the more recent higher end R3, R5, R6 (and its MkII version) and the APS-C R7. However, the full frame R8 and APS-C R10 do not have IBIS. All of Nikon's full-frame Z-mount bodies—the Z 6, Z 7, the Mark II versions of both, the , Z 8 and , Z 9 have IBIS. However, its APS-C Z 50 lacks IBIS.
Digital image stabilization
Real-time digital image stabilization, also called electronic image stabilization (EIS), is used in some video cameras. This technique shifts the cropped area read out from the image sensor for each frame to counteract the motion. This requires the resolution of the image sensor to exceed the resolution of the recorded video, and it slightly reduces the field of view because the area on the image sensor outside the visible frame acts as a buffer against hand movements. This technique reduces distracting vibrations from videos by smoothing the transition from one frame to another.
This technique can not do anything about existing motion blur, which may result in an image seemingly losing focus as motion is compensated due to movement during the exposure times of individual frames. This effect is more visible in darker sceneries due to prolonged exposure times per frame.
Some still camera manufacturers marketed their cameras as having digital image stabilization when they really only had a high-sensitivity mode that uses a short exposure time—producing pictures with less motion blur, but more noise. It reduces blur when photographing something that is moving, as well as from camera shake.
Others now also use digital signal processing (DSP) to reduce blur in stills, for example by sub-dividing the exposure into several shorter exposures in rapid succession, discarding blurred ones, re-aligning the sharpest sub-exposures and adding them together, and using the gyroscope to detect the best time to take each frame.
Stabilization filters
Many video non-linear editing systems use stabilization filters that can correct a non-stabilized image by tracking the movement of pixels in the image and correcting the image by moving the frame. The process is similar to digital image stabilization but since there is no larger image to work with the filter either crops the image down to hide the motion of the frame or attempts to recreate the lost image at the edge through spatial or temporal extrapolation.
Online services, including YouTube, are also beginning to provide 'video stabilization as a post-processing step after content is uploaded. This has the disadvantage of not having access to the realtime gyroscopic data, but the advantage of more computing power and the ability to analyze images both before and after a particular frame.
Orthogonal transfer CCD
Used in astronomy, an orthogonal transfer CCD (OTCCD) actually shifts the image within the CCD itself while the image is being captured, based on analysis of the apparent motion of bright stars. This is a rare example of digital stabilization for still pictures. An example of this is in the upcoming gigapixel telescope Pan-STARRS being constructed in Hawaii.
Stabilizing the camera body
A technique that requires no additional capabilities of any camera body–lens combination consists of stabilizing the entire camera body externally rather than using an internal method. This is achieved by attaching a gyroscope to the camera body, usually using the camera's built-in tripod mount. This lets the external gyro (gimbal) stabilize the camera, and is typically used in photography from a moving vehicle, when a lens or camera offering another type of image stabilization is not available.
A common way to stabilize moving cameras after approx. year 2015 is by using a camera stabilizer such as a stabilized remote camera head. The camera and lens are mounted in a remote controlled camera holder which is then mounted on anything that moves, such as rail systems, cables, cars or helicopters. An example of a remote stabilized head that is used to stabilize moving TV cameras that are broadcasting live is the Newton stabilized head.
Another technique for stabilizing a video or motion picture camera body is the Steadicam system, which isolates the camera from the operator's body using a harness and a camera boom with a counterweight.
Camera stabilizer
A camera stabilizer is any device or object that externally stabilizes the camera. This can refer to a Steadicam, a tripod, the camera operator's hand, or a combination of these.
In close-up photography, using rotation sensors to compensate for changes in pointing direction becomes insufficient. Moving, rather than tilting, the camera up/down or left/right by a fraction of a millimeter becomes noticeable if you are trying to resolve millimeter-size details on the object. Linear accelerometers in the camera, coupled with information such as the lens focal length and focused distance, can feed a secondary correction into the drive that moves the sensor or optics, to compensate for linear as well as rotational shake.
In biological eyes
In many animals, including human beings, the inner ear functions as the biological analogue of an accelerometer in camera image stabilization systems, to stabilize the image by moving the eyes. When a rotation of the head is detected, an inhibitory signal is sent to the extraocular muscles on one side and an excitatory signal to the muscles on the other side. The result is a compensatory movement of the eyes. Typically eye movements lag the head movements by less than 10 ms.
See also
Adaptive optics
Deblurring
Heligimbal
Hyperlapse
Motion compensation
Shaky camera
Notes
References
Articles containing video clips | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image%20stabilization |
This is a list of all cast members of the TV series Mad TV, which ran for 14 seasons on Fox from 1995 to 2009, then briefly returned for a revival season on The CW in the summer of 2016.
Cast
The list below includes both repertory and featured players, but omits writers and others who were not listed as cast members in the show's credits. The dates given are those of the years they were part of the cast.
See also
List of Mad TV episodes
Cast timeline
External links
MADTV
MADtv | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Mad%20TV%20cast%20members |
Finland competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The nation won all Nordic combined events, most notably Samppa Lajunen, in the individual events.
Medalists
Alpine skiing
Men
Women
Biathlon
Men
Men's 4 × 7.5 km relay
Women
Women's 4 × 7.5 km relay
1 A penalty loop of 150 metres had to be skied per missed target.
2 Starting delay based on 10 km sprint results.
3 One minute added per missed target.
4 Starting delay based on 7.5 km sprint results.
Cross-country skiing
Men
Sprint
Pursuit
1 Starting delay based on 10 km C. results.
C = Classical style, F = Freestyle
4 × 10 km relay
Women
Sprint
Pursuit
{|class="wikitable" border="1" style="font-size:90%"
|-
!rowspan=2|Athlete
!colspan=2|5 km C
!colspan=2|5 km F pursuit2
|-
!Time
!Rank
!Time
!Final rank
|-
|Elina Pienimäki-Hietamäki
|align=center|14:21.3
|align=center|43 Q
|align=center|13:39.5
|align=center|40
|-
|Kati Sundqvist-Venäläinen
|align=center|13:54.4
|align=center|21 Q
|align=center|13:11.9
|align=center|16
|-
|Satu Salonen
|align=center|13:43.4
|align=center|11 Q''
|align=center|13:34.3
|align=center|36
|-
|Kaisa Varis
|align=center|13:37.9
|align=center|9 Q|align=center|12:37.8
|align=center|12
|}
2 Starting delay based on 5 km C. results.
C = Classical style, F = Freestyle4 × 5 km relayCurling
Men's tournament
Group stage
Top four teams advanced to semi-finals.
|}ContestantsFigure skating
Women
Freestyle skiing
Men
Women
Ice hockey
Men's tournament
First round - Group D
Quarter final
Team roster
Head Coach: Hannu Aravirta
http://www.iihf.com/hockey/x/0102/OGM/gs/pg000055.htm IIHF: Team Finland 2002
Women's tournament
First round - Group B
Top two teams (shaded) advanced to semifinals.
Medal roundSemi-finalBronze medal game Team roster
Head Coach: Jouko Lukkarila
http://www.iihf.com/hockey/x/0102/OGW/gs/pg000043.htm IIHF: Team Finland 2002
Nordic combined Men's sprintEvents:
large hill ski jumping
7.5 km cross-country skiing Men's individualEvents:
normal hill ski jumping
15 km cross-country skiing Men's Team'''
Four participants per team.
Events:
normal hill ski jumping
5 km cross-country skiing
Ski jumping
Men's team large hill
1 Four teams members performed two jumps each.
Snowboarding
Men's halfpipe
Women's halfpipe
Speed skating
Men
References
Olympic Winter Games 2002, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 2002 Winter Olympics
2002
2002 in Finnish sport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland%20at%20the%202002%20Winter%20Olympics |
Chaos is a 2005 action thriller film starring Jason Statham, Ryan Phillippe and Wesley Snipes, and written and directed by Tony Giglio. The film premiered in the United Arab Emirates on December 15, 2005, but did not receive a North American release until over two years later, where it was distributed direct-to-DVD on February 19, 2008.
Plot
Seattle PD Detective Quentin Conners and his partner Jason York are implicated in the death of a hostage taken by a carjacker named John Curtis. After a fellow police officer, Callo, testifies against them, Conners is suspended, and York is fired. In reality, York tried to shoot Curtis, but accidentally killed the hostage. Curtis in turn fired back, and Conners killed him in self-defense.
Some time later, Lorenz and four other criminals take hostages in a bank. Lorenz has only one demand, to negotiate with Conners. Conners is reinstated but put under the surveillance of a new partner, the recently-graduated Shane Dekker. Conners is given control of the negotiations, and after a bank teller is shot, he orders a SWAT unit to cut the building's power and go in. During an explosion, the criminals flee during the ensuing panic and chaos.
Dekker and Conners learn more about each other at a local diner, slowly building a friendship, but Dekker disapproves of Conners' "cowboy cop" methods. Dekker explains that during negotiations, Lorenz was making many cryptic references to chaos theory. As they leave to examine new evidence, Conners puts a ten dollar bill on the table for his share of the bill. Dekker swaps the ten for a twenty of his own. A TV camera caught a shot of one of the criminals, who is arrested together with his girlfriend at her home, where banknotes are found with a scent used to mark evidence collected by the police. The banknote serial numbers did not come from that day's robbery, but had been placed in police storage and signed out two weeks earlier by Callo. He is found shot dead in his home, together with incriminating evidence linking him to the heist.
When reviewing video footage from the bank, Dekker notices one corner of the bank is deliberately shielded from view. In that corner, they find the bank regional manager's computer. Fingerprints on the keyboard reveal the identity of a hacker that Conners himself had arrested, but whose conviction was overturned after the shooting on the bridge. Conners and Dekker want to question the hacker, but he is shot dead by Lorenz, and a gunfight ensues, during which Lorenz manages to escape. Dekker questions the hospitalized bank robber identified in the news footage and finally breaks him when he casually explains the impact of a massive overdose of morphine while slowly injecting something into the suspect's drip. An amazed Conners watches and later calls him a hypocrite. Dekker responds by explaining he only injected more saline solution.
The suspect reveals Lorenz is Scott Curtis, the brother of John shot earlier, and Conners leads a stakeout at an address where all the gang are to meet that night; Scott's house. Forced to go before Scott arrives, a shootout results in both suspects' deaths, and a bomb blows up the building while Conners is inside. Dekker is devastated but realizes that Callo's signature requesting material from the evidence storage was forged by the evidence custody officer, who reveals that Scott is actually York. In a flashback, York stands on the bridge and fires the first shot, killing the hostage in the opening sequence. Tracking Lorenz/York's mobile phone, Dekker surprises York at a diner, and York takes a woman hostage in a reversal of the standoff on the bridge. Dekker chases and eventually kills York.
When Dekker pays for his coffee at the diner, he discovers the banknote Conners used to pay for lunch with is also scented, which means Conners was also involved in taking the money from police evidence. Dekker finds a copy of James Gleick's Chaos: Making a New Science in Conners' house, showing he had faked an earlier ignorance of the mathematics. On a hunch, Dekker looks for airline tickets booked in Gleick's name and runs to the airport.
During a mobile call between the now disguised Conners and the searching Dekker at the busy airport, flashbacks reveal how the seemingly unconnected events in the film form a pattern, just as predicted in chaos theory. Conners reveals that he placed his badge on the corpse of one of York's henchmen before the explosion. Conners and York recruited a group of ex-convicts from their past. Callo was framed for being a dirty cop. Conners ends the call, walks casually to a private jet, and takes off while sipping champagne.
Cast
Production
The film was a co-production between the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. Principal photography took place in Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia, in locations including Simon Fraser University and the Burrard Street Bridge.
The film was originally set to be produced by Franchise Pictures with distribution by Warner Bros., which began to suffer serious financial problems early into production due to the failures of its previous film Battlefield Earth, and allegations of fraud concerning artificial inflation of the film's budget to increase investment from German production company Intertainment AG. This led Franchise's then-parent company Mobius International to take over production. Due to last-minute budgetary constraints imposed by the new producers, the film's script was heavily rewritten to accommodate a reduced shooting schedule (40 days to 22 days). Lead actor Jason Statham had signed a two-picture deal with Franchise, a deal which included both Chaos and a heist film titled Baker Street. The latter was placed on hold after Franchise filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, where it was eventually produced by Relativity Media and released in 2008 under the title The Bank Job.
Release
Screen Gems at one point was attached as the film's theatrical distributor, but a financial deal couldn't be made regarding release prints and advertising between the studio and producers. Eventually Lionsgate picked up the film and went through the same drama with producers, leading to a three-year delay in the film's North American release.
Reception
Michael S. Gant of Metro Silicon Valley wrote, "The plot depends on an impossible chain of coincidences, but there are some decent car chases." Ian Jane of DVD Talk rated it 2.5/5 stars and wrote, "Chaos has a nice twist towards the end but is otherwise riddled with bad action movie clichés and poorly written dialogue." Jeffrey Kauffman, also of DVD Talk, rated it 3/5 stars and wrote, "Chaos isn't a bad film; it just isn't a very good one either." Tom Becker of DVD Verdict wrote, "Chaos isn't a great movie, but it's entertaining and manages to keep you off-kilter for much of its running time. While the film is ultimately too clever for its own good, Giglio gets points for trying to smart-up the genre." Also writing for DVD Verdict, David Johnson said, "Chaos may not redefine what's possible in the police suspense thriller, but it's satisfying and entertaining enough to earn a look-see by fans of the genre or anyone hankering for a decent, plot-twist-heavy actioner."
References
External links
2005 films
2005 direct-to-video films
2005 crime thriller films
2005 action thriller films
British crime thriller films
British action thriller films
English-language Canadian films
Canadian crime thriller films
Canadian action thriller films
American crime thriller films
American action thriller films
Police detective films
Films shot in Vancouver
Films shot in Seattle
Films set in Seattle
Films directed by Tony Giglio
Films about bank robbery
Films scored by Trevor Jones
2000s chase films
Buddy drama films
2000s buddy cop films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
2000s Canadian films
2000s British films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaos%20%282005%20action%20film%29 |
Danilo Dirani is a racing driver from Brazil. He was born on January 10, 1983, in São Paulo. In his karting career (between the years of 1992 and 2002), Danilo won 29 different championships in South America.
In 2002, Danilo moved to Formula 3 and Formula Three Sudamericana, and finished runner-up to Nelson Piquet Jr. Dirani won just 2 races, compared to Piquet's thirteen. But in 2003, Danilo won 14 out of the 18 races to win the championship.
In 2004, Dirani crossed the Atlantic Ocean and came to British soil for the British version of Formula 3, and finished 5th in the championship, with 2 wins, both at Croft and 146 points. He finished behind Piquet Jr, Adam Carroll, James Rossiter and Clivio Piccione.
Danilo moved to the P1 Motorsport team for the 2005 British F3 International Series, and again had 2 wins in the opening two races at Donington Park, and he also got his first pole position in British F3 at the same race meeting. He scored 14 more points than 2004, but finished one place lower in the standings in 6th, behind Álvaro Parente, Charlie Kimball, Mike Conway, Marko Asmer and Dan Clarke.
Dirani was added to the Honda Racing F1 development roster for the 2005 season, together with other drivers from the British F3, as a form of marketing for the championship.
In 2006, Danilo crossed the Atlantic Ocean back to America. He competed in the Champ Car Atlantic Series, and finished in 7th position in the championship.
Dirani is currently racing for DF Motorsports in Brazilian Fórmula Truck. He has also competed in karting races in Brazil and USA since 2007.
Racing record
Career summary
External links
Danilo Dirani Official Site
1983 births
Living people
Brazilian racing drivers
Stock Car Brasil drivers
Atlantic Championship drivers
Formula 3 Sudamericana drivers
British Formula Three Championship drivers
World Series Formula V8 3.5 drivers
Carlin racing drivers
Victory Engineering drivers
P1 Motorsport drivers
Racing drivers from São Paulo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danilo%20Dirani |
Stephen Missal (born 1948) is an artist from Albuquerque, New Mexico, who specializes in figure drawing, painting, and fantasy themed art. Missal lives in Scottsdale, Arizona with his wife and their two children. He teaches at the Art Institute of Phoenix.
Missal has co-authored books on illustration and character design
with Kevin Hedgpeth, also from the Art Institute. His illustrations have appeared in Call of Cthulhu published by Wizards of the Coast and Scholastic Book's children's prehistoric creatures pop-up series.
In 2016, NRK commissioned the American artist Stephen Missal to create six alternative sketches of the "Isdal Woman", which were put before people who had seen her. Missal also works with the Maricopa County Forensic Lab and is a certified forensic artist.
References
External links
Only Twin Official website
1948 births
Living people
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
Forensic artists
20th-century American male artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Missal |
Muncy may refer to:
People
Baron Muncy (c.1300), English peerage title held by Walter de Muncy
Becky Muncy, American educator in Indiana
Jeff Muncy, American television producer and toy designer
Matt Muncy (born 1983), American former professional football player
Max Muncy (born 1990), American professional baseball player
Max Muncy (baseball, born 2002), American baseball player
Places
In Pennsylvania
Muncy, Pennsylvania, a borough in Lycoming County
Muncy Creek Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Muncy Township, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania
Muncy Historic District, located in Muncy Township
Muncy Junior-Senior High School, located in Muncy Township
Muncy School District, located in southern Lycoming County
Muncy Valley, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community in Sullivan County
Elsewhere
Muncy, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community in Texas County, Oklahoma
Tylersville, Ohio, an unincorporated community previously known as Pug Muncy
Events
1938 Muncy Raft crash
Muncy Abolition riot of 1842
Other
Muncy (grape), another name for the Catawba grape
Muncy Creek, a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River
Little Muncy Creek, a tributary of Muncy Creek
State Correctional Institution – Muncy, a women's prison in Pennsylvania
See also
Muncey, surname
Muncie (disambiguation)
Munsee (disambiguation)
Munsey (disambiguation)
Mansi (disambiguation)
Minsi (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muncy |
The Special Operations Group () is the police tactical unit of the Public Security Police (PSP), the national police force of Portugal. GOE was created in 1982 and has around 200 operatives. Although a police unit, the GOE is employed worldwide, similar to the French GIGN or to the German GSG 9.
History
In 1978, Quinta das Águas Livres in Sintra was acquired and the construction works of the infrastructures necessary to organise the instruction activities and to accommodate the distinct elements that would form a future operational group began.
Alongside, also began studies regarding the creation of the GOE and, with the co-operation of the British government, thanks to the efforts of Mota Pinto's government, elements of the 22nd Special Air Service Regiment (SAS) came to Portugal to train and start the formation of a police group able to conduct anti-terrorist missions.
On March 29, 1982, the first COE – Curso de Operações Especiais (Special Operations Course) began (not to be mistaken with CTOE's COE). The course ended on November 18 of the same year; the unit was considered to be totally operational and with an intervention capability since the end of 1982, although it was formally created in 1979. As a result of that approach between the British SAS and the Portuguese GOE, the pictures of the first agents are hard to distinguish between British and Portuguese since their uniforms, equipment and weaponry are identical. Later, GOE, still maintaining a strong relationship with the SAS, also began training with the US Delta Force, Germany's GSG 9, Spain's Guardia Civil Anti-Terrorist units, Ireland's Garda ERU, and Israeli Anti-Terrorist units. GOE is also part of the European ATLAS Network.
GOE's capabilities were put to the test in June, 1983, when Armenian commandos, using rented cars, invaded the residence of the Turkish ambassador and wounded a PSP officer who was part of the embassy's security team, holding the rest of the people there hostage. The Prime-Minister, Mario Soares, gave the green light to GOE to storm the building. Before this could be attempted, the terrorists accidentally blew themselves up, resulting in 5 dead terrorists and 2 casualties (the chargé d'affaires' wife and a policeman).
Since that moment, the missions assigned to the unit became more diverse and demanding. After 1991, GOE operational elements, together with ex-operators, began missions of protection of diplomatic representatives and installations in foreign countries where there are unstable situations or armed conflicts.
The level of operators deployed to those scenarios depends on the situation. GOE also intervenes if the evacuation of Portuguese citizens is needed: in 1992 in Luanda (Angola), in 1991 and 1997 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (former Zaire) and in other countries like Guinea-Bissau, Algeria, Macau, Bosnia and, in 2011, in Egypt.
In those missions, they had to face attempts of forced entry into the diplomatic delegations by armed militants; the most serious being the missions that happened in 1997 in Zaire and in 1998 in Guinea; in the latter a grenade was launched into the embassy building where the security team was. In 2005 they were sent to Saudi Arabia and Iraq to protect the Portuguese embassies and personnel in both countries. Some were also sent into Timor-Leste in 2006.
Since 2006, the unit has the support of police elements from the famous Intervention Corps (Corpo de Intervenção, riot police unit) in the security of the Portuguese Embassies in Iraq and East-Timor. In August 2008 they were also assigned to end a robbery with hostages taking place in a Campolide, Lisbon branch of the Portuguese bank Banco Espírito Santo, involving two illegal immigrant armed robbers with Brazilian citizenship and six hostages. According to a statement from the superintendent of PSP Florbela Carrilho, after several hours of negotiations, the GOE was forced to intervene, successfully taking out one of the robbers with a sniper shot to the heart, and injuring the other with one shot through the jaw. All hostages were released, four of them shortly after the beginning of the negotiations, while the other two hostages, including a bank manager were held until the end. This intervention was generally considered very successful.
Missions
Counter-terrorism
Hostage rescue
High-risk arrest warrants and searches
VIP protection
Embassy and diplomatic security in dangerous countries
Evacuation of Portuguese citizens from war-torn countries
Weapons
GOE officers may use a variety of firearms to complete missions.
Handguns
: Glock 17
: Glock 19
: SIG Sauer GSR - chambered in the .45 ACP
: SIG Sauer SP 2022
: Desert Eagle in .357 Magnum
Shotguns
: Benelli M4
: Fabarm SDASS Tactical
Submachine guns
: FN P90
: HK MP5
: HK UMP45
Rifles
: H&K 416A5
: H&K G36
: H&K G36C
: SIG Sauer MCX
: Accuracy International Arctic Warfare
: Accuracy International AXMC
Vehicles
: Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
: Alpine Armoring PittBull FX armored car
Command
The unit is organized as follows:
Command
Support Services
UEI (Unidade Especial de Intervenção) - Special Intervention Unit, consisting of:
Command
Three GOI (Grupos Operacionais de Intervenção) - Intervention Operational Group (1st, 2nd and 3rd), each commanded by an officer and includes 20 to 25 elements
One GOT (Grupo Operacional Técnico) - Technical Operational Group (4th) responsible for instruction, handling explosives, police dogs and other technical instruments, such as cameras and night vision devices.
Macau GOE
As one of the past Portuguese colonies, Macau set up their special police unit in 1993 with the same name of Grupo de Operações Especiais.
Like the Hong Kong Special Duties Unit trained by the British Special Air Service, the Macau GOE works and trains similar to the Portuguese GOE, in which they respond to terrorism acts and engage heavily armed criminals in the Macau territory.
The Macau counterpart use similar armaments compared to the original GOE, such as the:
SIG Sauer P226
SIG Sauer P228
Glock 19
Heckler & Koch MP5
Heckler & Koch G36
But they also use some small arms unique to the Portuguese GOE, such as the:
Brügger & Thomet MP9
SIG SG 552
Franchi SPAS-15
SIG Sauer SSG 3000
They also use:
Smith & Wesson 37 mm gas launchers
long batons
Flash-ball
See also
List of police tactical units
ATLAS Network
References
External links
GOE page at the official PSP website (in Portuguese)
Video of the 2008 Lisbon bank robbery and the GOE action
Video of 1980s GOE in training
GOE in Baghdad (in Portuguese)
1982 establishments in Portugal
Police tactical units
Law enforcement in Portugal
ATLAS Network | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special%20Operations%20Group%20%28Portugal%29 |
The Beate Uhse Erotic Museum () (1996 – 2014) was a sex museum in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin, Germany.
The museum was opened in 1996 near Berlin Zoologischer Garten railway station by Beate Uhse, the early stunt pilot and entrepreneur, who in 1962 started the world's first sex shop. The collection features historic Asian and European erotic art including several lithographs by Heinrich Zille as well as early pornographic films. It claims to be "the world's largest erotic museum".
The museum closed in September 2014. Initially the museum was looking for new premises, but due to the market development in Berlin the museum never reopened. For the exhibits, a loss in value of €1.2 million was recorded in the 2015 annual report.
See also
List of sex museums
References
"In Berlin, the Art of Sex", by Marianna Beck and Jack Hafferkamp. The Washington Post, April 18, 1999.
Museums in Berlin
Defunct museums in Germany
Museums established in 1996
Museums disestablished in 2014
Buildings and structures in Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
Sex museums in Germany
Uhse, Beate
Women's museums
Women and sexuality
1996 establishments in Germany
2014 disestablishments in Germany
History of women in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beate%20Uhse%20Erotic%20Museum |
Havenhoofd is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee, and lies about 10 km west of Hellevoetsluis.
The village was first mentioned around 1750 as "'t Goereese Hooft", and refers to the dams on either side of the harbour. During the 18th century, Havenhoofd developed as a harbour village for Goedereede.
In 1943, during World War II, the entire village was demolished as part of the Atlantic Wall, and 42 bunkers were built in the area. Some of the bunkers are still hidden under the sand of the dunes. Havenhoofd was rebuilt between 1947 and 1949. In 1958 the harbour was dammed as a result of the North Sea flood of 1953, and the fishermen moved to Stellendam.
Gallery
References
Populated places in South Holland
Goeree-Overflakkee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havenhoofd |
SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) is a server-based report generating software system from Microsoft. It is part of a suite of Microsoft SQL Server services, including SSAS (SQL Server Analysis Services) and SSIS (SQL Server Integration Services).
Administered via a web interface, it can be used to prepare and deliver a variety of interactive and printed reports. The SSRS service provides an interface into Microsoft Visual Studio so that developers as well as SQL administrators can connect to SQL databases and use SSRS tools to format SQL reports in many complex ways. It also provides a 'Report Builder' tool for less technical users to format SQL reports of lesser complexity.
SSRS competes with Crystal Reports and other business intelligence tools.
History
Reporting Services was first released in 2004 as an add-on to SQL Server 2000. Subsequent versions have been:
Second version with SQL Server 2005 in November 2005
Third as part of SQL Server 2008 R2 in April 2010
Fourth version as part of SQL Server 2012 in March 2012
Fifth version as part of SQL Server 2014 in March 2014
Sixth version as part of SQL Server 2016 in March 2016
Seventh version as part of SQL Server 2017 in October 2017
Eighth version as part of SQL Server 2019 in November 2019
Packaging
Microsoft SQL Server Developer, Standard, and Enterprise editions all include SSRS as an install option.
The free SQL Server Express includes a limited version.
Use
SQL Server Data Tools for Business Intelligence (SSDT BI) reduces the RDL (Report Definition Language) component to graphic icons in a GUI (Graphical User Interface). In this way, instead of writing code, the user can drag-and-drop graphic icons into an SSRS report format for most aspects of the SSRS report.
Reports defined by RDL can be downloaded to a variety of formats including Excel, PDF, CSV, XML, TIFF (and other image formats), and HTML Web Archive. SQL Server 2008 and 2012 SSRS can also prepare reports in Microsoft Word (DOC) format, while third-party report generators offer additional output formats.
Users can interact with the Report Server web service directly, or instead use Report Manager, a Web-based application that interfaces with the Report Server web service. With Report Manager, users can view, subscribe to, and manage reports as well as manage and maintain data sources and security settings. Report Manager can also deliver SQL reports by e-mail, or place them on a file share.
Security is role-based and can be assigned on an individual item, such as a report or data source, a folder of items, or site wide. Security roles and rights are inherited and can be overloaded.
Typically the reports are only revealed to users able to run them, and SQL connections in the source allow anyone to run with sufficient privileges.
This is because configuring Windows Authentication through the reports execution is laborious and time-consuming: a Server Principal Name record (requiring DOMAIN ADMINISTRATOR access) is created in Active Directory associating the Sql Server Reporting service to the user the service runs under on the server (a network user to facilitate querying the Active Directory)... and the service account user has to have the delegation option enabled, the server must be trusted for delegation too; the windows users wishing to run reports must be set to allow delegation - so Kerberos authentication protocols will be used. The reporting service itself has to have the configuration edited to enable Kerberos protocols... but then the reports will be secure and only display data the individual users are permitted to (based on SQL security configuration).
RDL reports can be viewed by using the standalone Report Server that comes with Microsoft SQL Server, or by using the ASP.NET ReportViewer web control, or by using the ReportViewer Windows Forms control. The latter method allows reports to be embedded directly into web pages or .NET Windows applications. The ReportViewer control will process reports by: (a) server processing, where the report is rendered by the Report Server; or (b) local processing, where the control renders the RDL file itself.
SQL Server Reporting Services also support ad hoc reports: the designer develops a report schema and deploys it on the reporting server, where the user can choose relevant fields/data and generate reports. Users can then download the reports locally.
Microsoft SQL Server 2012 SP1 expands Microsoft support for viewing reports to mobile platforms, including Microsoft Surface, Apple iOS 6 and Windows Phone 8.
Power BI Report Builder
Power BI Report Builder is a variant of the SSRS application for building paginated reports, with some features added and branded under the Power BI platform. The "Power BI Report Builder" application (not to be confused with "Report builder", the standalone SSRS tool) produces RDL reports (.rdl files, similar to SSRS), in contrast to the interactive .pbix files of regular Power BI reports (produced for example with the Power BI Desktop application). A possible reason for introducing SSRS for Power BI may be that it fills a void in the current Power BI software when it comes to printing pdf or paper with good control of pagination and formatting of printed content, or to consolidate Microsoft's reporting software' under the Power BI brand. Similar to regular Power BI reports, paginated reports can also be published to the Power BI Service, and can also be connected to shared Power BI datasets. Paginated reports with Power BI Report Builder can be developed for free locally, but a Premium Power BI workspace is needed for publishing a report to the Power BI Service. SSRS reports can be migrated to Power BI using the "Power BI Report Builder".
References
External links
Microsoft SQL Server: Reporting Services home page
Microsoft SQL Server: Reporting Services resources page
Microsoft database software
Reporting software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL%20Server%20Reporting%20Services |
The Geddes House is a Georgian Neoclassical style building near Nairn, Scotland. It was built in 1780 for George Mackintosh and is currently self-catering accommodation.
Footnotes
Houses in Highland (council area)
Neoclassical architecture in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geddes%20House |
9 Lazy 9 are an Italian electronic music group, consisting of Keir Fraser, James Braddell, Gianluca Petrella (trombone), Mishael Levron (guitar), Manù Bandettini (flute) and Adriano Tirelli (bassoon). Keir Fraser is credited as Keir Fraserello. James Braddell is a.k.a. Funki Porcini, performing under the guise of Giacomo Braddellini.
Discography
Albums
Paradise Blown (1994, Ninja Tune, ZEN9/ZENCD9, 2xLP/CD)
Electric Lazyland (1994, Ninja Tune, ZEN14/ZENCD14, 2xLP/CD)
The Herb (1995, Shadow, SDW002-2, CD)
Sweet Jones (2003, Ninja Tune, ZEN79/ZENCD79, LP/CD)
Bedsofaland (2009, self-released via Bandcamp)
Serpentine (2020, self-released via Bandcamp)
Singles
"Take Nine" (1993, Ninja Tune, ZEN1217, 12")
"In the Mood" (as 8 Lazy Bastards) (1993, Beat Bop, BBOP 003, 12")
"Black Jesus" (1994, Ninja Tune, ZEN1222, 12")
"Electric Lazyland (Journeyman Mix)" (1995, Ninja Tune, ZEN1238, 12")
"Try This Rhythm" (2020, self-released via Bandcamp)
Compilation appearances
"Train (Marden Hill Remix)" on Ninja Cuts - Funkjazztical Tricknology (1995, Ninja Tune, ZEN15/ZEN15R/ZENCD15, 2xLP/3xLP/CD)
Remixes
Cybophonia - "Azona Pop (9 Lazy 9 Remix)" on Azona Pop (2001, Irma Records/Irma On Canvas, IC 201, 12")
Pressure Drop - "Back2Back (Surya vs 9 Lazy 9 Remix)" on Food of Love (2001, One Eye, 1I LP001, 3x12")
Funki Porcini - "Six Minutes in Manchester (9 Lazy 9 Mix)" (2011, self-released via Bandcamp)
Funki Porcini - "The Devil Drives (9 Lazy 9 Mix)" (2011, self-released via Bandcamp)
Funki Porcini - "Things Gettin' Rough (9 Lazy 9 Mix)" (2019, self-released via Bandcamp)
Funki Porcini - "Studio Five (9 Lazy 9 Remix)" (2019, self-released via Bandcamp)
References
External links
9 Lazy 9's Bandcamp site
9 Lazy 9 at the Ninja Tune website
Rediscover: 9 Lazy 9: Electric Lazyland - Spectrum Culture
Italian electronic music groups
Musical groups established in 1992
Ninja Tune artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9%20Lazy%209 |
Manual scavenging is a term used mainly in India for "manually cleaning, carrying, disposing of, or otherwise handling, human excreta in an insanitary latrine or in an open drain or sewer or in a septic tank or a pit". Manual scavengers usually use hand tools such as buckets, brooms and shovels. The workers have to move the excreta, using brooms and tin plates, into baskets, which they carry to disposal locations sometimes several kilometers away. The practice of employing human labour for cleaning of sewers and septic tanks is also prevalent in Bangladesh and Pakistan. These sanitation workers, called "manual scavengers", rarely have any personal protective equipment. The work is regarded as a dehumanizing practice.
The occupation of sanitation work is intrinsically linked with caste in India. All kinds of cleaning are considered lowly and are assigned to people from the lowest rung of the social hierarchy. In the caste-based society, it is mainly the Dalits who work as sanitation workers - as manual scavengers, cleaners of drains, as garbage collectors and sweepers of roads. It was estimated in 2019 that between 40 and 60 percent of the six million households of Dalit sub-castes are engaged in sanitation work. The most common Dalit caste performing sanitation work is the Valmiki (also Balmiki) caste.
The construction of dry toilets and employment of manual scavengers to clean such dry toilets was prohibited in India in 1993. The law was extended and clarified to include ban on use of human labour for direct cleaning of sewers, ditches, pits and septic tanks in 2013. However, despite the laws, manual scavenging was reported in many states including Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan in 2014. In 2021, the NHRC observed that eradication of manual scavenging as claimed by state and local governments is far from over. Government data shows that in the period 1993–2021, 971 people died due to cleaning of sewers and septic tanks.
The term "manual scavenging" differs from the stand-alone term "scavenging", which is one of the oldest economic activities and refers to the act of sorting though and picking from discarded waste. Sometimes called waste pickers or ragpickers, scavengers usually collect from the streets, dumpsites, or landfills. They collect reusable and recyclable material to sell, reintegrating it into the economy's production process. The practice exists in cities and towns across the Global South.
Definition
Manual scavenging refers to the unsafe and manual removal of raw (fresh and untreated) human excreta from buckets or other containers that are used as toilets or from the pits of simple pit latrines. The safe and controlled emptying of pit latrines, on the other hand, is one component of fecal sludge management.
The official definition of a manual scavenger in Indian law from 1993 is as follows:"manual scavenger" means a person engaged in or employed for manually carrying human excreta and the expression "manual scavenging" shall be construed accordinglyIn 2013, the definition of manual scavenger was expanded to include persons employed in cleaning of septic tanks, open drains and railway tracks. It reads:
"Manual scavenger" means a person engaged or employed, at the commencement of this Act or at any time thereafter, by an individual or a local authority or an agency or a contractor, for manually cleaning, carrying, disposing of, or otherwise handling in any manner, human excreta in an insanitary latrine or in an open drain or pit into which the human excreta from the insanitary latrines is disposed of, or railway track or in such other spaces or premises, as the Central Government or a State Government may notify, before the excreta fully decomposes in such manner as may be prescribed, and the expression “manual scavenging” shall be construed accordingly.
The definition ignores many other sanitation workers like fecal sludge handlers, community and public toilet cleaners, workers cleaning storm water drains, waste segregators, etc. Such workers are not required to handle excreta directly, but get in contact due to poor working conditions, lack of segregation, and the interconnectedness of excreta management with solid waste management and storm water management, states notable sanitation crusader and investigative journalist Pragya Akhilesh. The 2013 Act adds that a person engaged or employed to clean excreta with the help of equipment and using the protective gear as notified by the Union government shall not be deemed to be a manual scavenger. Bhasha Singh argues that this clause gives the government an escape clause as all forms of manual scavenging can be kept outside the purview of the law by arguing that the person are using protective gear.
In 2021, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India advocated for the term to include other types of hazardous cleaning.
There is a very clear gender division of various types of work that is called manual scavenging in India. The cleaning of dry toilets and carrying the waste to point of disposal is generally done by women, while men are involved in cleaning of septic tanks and sewers. There is an economic reason for this distribution - the municipality employs workers to clean sewers and septic tanks and hence the salary is better. Cleaning private toilets, on the other hand, pays little and is therefore handed over to the women. The women involved are referred to differently - 'dabbu-wali' in Bengal, 'balti-wali' in Kanpur, 'tina-wali in Bihar, tokri-wali in Punjab and Haryana, 'thottikar' in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka, 'paaki' or 'peeti' in Odisha, 'vaatal' in Kashmir. These names directly refer to the tools (dabbu, balti, tokri) used by the women to carry waste or dustbin (thottikar) or excreta (paaki, peeti).
Manual scavenging is done with basic tools like thin boards and either buckets or baskets lined with sacking and carried on the head. Due to the hazardous nature of the job, many of the workers have related health problems. Scavengers risk suffering from respiratory disorders, typhoid, and cholera. Scavengers may also contract skin and blood infections, eye and respiratory infections due to exposure to pollutants, skeletal disorder caused by the lifting of heavy storage containers, and burns due to coming into contact with hazardous chemicals combined with waste. The data obtained by Safai Karmachari Andolan for 2017-2018 found that the average age of deceased sewer workers to be around 32 years, that is, they do not even reach the age of retirement and a family often loses its breadwinner very early.
Not all forms of dry toilets involve "manual scavenging" to empty them, but only those that require unsafe handling of raw excreta. If on the other hand the excreta is already treated or pre-treated in the dry toilet itself, as is the case for composting toilets, and urine-diverting dry toilets for example, then emptying these types of toilets is not classified as "manual scavenging". Container-based sanitation is another system that does not require manual scavenging to function even though it does involve the emptying of excreta from containers.
Also, emptying the pits of twin-pit (see pit latrine for details) toilets is not classified as manual scavenging in India, as if used and emptied appropriately, the excreta is already treated.
The International Labour Organization describes three forms of manual scavenging in India:
Removal of human excrement from public streets and "dry latrines" (meaning simple pit latrines without a water seal, but not dry toilets in general)
Cleaning septic tanks
Cleaning gutters and sewers
Manual cleaning of railway lines of excreta dropped from toilets of trains is another form of manual scavenging in India.
The Hindi phrase safai karamchari defines not only "manual scavengers" but also other sanitation workers.
History
The practice of manual scavenging in India dates back to ancient times. According to the contents of sacred scriptures and other literature, scavenging by some specific castes of India has existed since the beginning of civilization. One of the fifteen duties of slaves enumerated in Naradiya Samhita was of manual scavenging. This continues during the Buddhist and Maurya period also.
Scholars have suggested that the Mughal women with purdah required enclosed toilets that needed to be scavenged. It is pointed out that the Bhangis (Chuhra) share some of the clan names with Rajputs, and propose that the Bhangis are descendants of those captured in wars. There are many legends about the origin of Bhangis, who have traditionally served as manual scavengers. One of them, associated with Lal Begi Bhangis, describes the origin of Bhangis from Mehtar.
Manual scavenging is historically linked to the caste system in India. Not only cleaning of toilets, but all types of cleaning jobs are considered lowly in India. The elites assigned the most lowly and polluting jobs for members of the Dalit community. The caste-based assignment of cleaning jobs can be traced back to the rise of Hinduism and revival of the Brahmanical order during the Gupta period, considered the golden era in the history of the Indian sub-continent. The workers usually belonged to the Balmiki (or Valmiki) or Hela (or Mehtar) subcastes; considered at the bottom of the hierarchy within the Dalit community itself.
Before the passage of the 1993 Act that prohibit employment for manual scavengers, local governments employed 'scavengers' to clean dry latrines in private houses and community or public facilities. These jobs were institutionalised by the British. In London, cesspits containing human waste were called 'gongs' or 'jakes' and men employed to clean them 'Gongfermours' or 'Gongfarmers'. They emptied such pits only in the night and dumped it outside the city. They had designated areas to live and were allowed to use only certain roads and by lanes to carry the waste. The British organized systems for removing the excreta and employed Bhangis as manual scavengers. They also brought Dalits working as agricultural labourers in the rural areas for the job in urban areas. This formal employment of Bhangis and Chamars for waste management by the British reinforced the caste based assignment. Even today, sanitation department jobs are almost unofficially 100% reserved for people from the Scheduled caste groups.
Current prevalence
Despite the passage of two pieces of legislation, the prevalence of manual scavenging is an open secret. According to the Socio Economic Caste Census 2011, 180,657 households within India are engaged in manual scavenging for a livelihood. The 2011 Census of India found 794,000 cases of manual scavenging across India. The state of Maharashtra, with 63,713, tops the list with the largest number of households working as manual scavengers, followed by the states of Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Tripura and Karnataka. Manual scavenging still survives in parts of India without proper sewage systems or safe fecal sludge management practices. It is thought to be prevalent in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan.
In March 2014, the Supreme Court of India declared that there were 96 lakh (9.6 million) dry latrines being manually emptied but the exact number of manual scavengers is disputed – official figures put it at less than 700,000. An estimate in 2018 put the number of "sanitation workers" in India at 5 million, and 50% of them being women. However, not all sanitation workers are manual scavengers. Another estimate from 2018 put the figure at one million manual scavengers, stating that the number is "unknown and declining" and that 90% of them are women.
The biggest violator of this law in India is the Indian Railways where many train carriages have toilets dropping the excreta from trains on the tracks and who employ scavengers to clean the tracks manually. The situation is being improved in 2018 by the addition of on-train treatment systems for the toilet waste.
Bezwada Wilson, an activist, at the forefront in the battle to eradicate manual scavenging, argues that the practice continues due to its casteist nature. He also argues that the failure of implementation of the 1993 Act is a collective failure of the leadership, judiciary, the administration, and the Dalit movements to address the concerns of the most marginalized community. Unlike infrastructure projects like metros, the issue receives little or no priority from the Government and hence the deadline to comply with the 1993 Act has been continuously postponed. An example that demonstrates the apathy of the government is the fact that none of the Rupees 100 Crore (1,000 million) allocated in the budgets for financial years 2011-12 and 2012-13 was spent. Such is the stigma attached to manual scavengers that even professionals who work for their emancipation get labelled (for example, Bhasha Singh was wrongly labelled 'manual scavenging journalist'). Prolific investigative journalists like Pragya Akhilesh who is one of the most notable sanitation crusaders in India for her critique of the SBM is also wrongly labelled as 'Toiletwoman of India' to diminish her decade long contribution to this area.
Threats and harassment
In India, women who practice manual scavenging face pressure from their respective communities if they miss a day since toilets are cleaned every day. Many women have no choice but to turn up to clean the toilets. The practical requirement that they do not miss a day prevents them from pursuing alternate occupations like agricultural labor. And in the event that they are able to find the means and support to stop manual scavenging, women still face extreme pressure from the community.
Initiatives for eradication
Legislation
In the late 1950s, freedom fighter G. S. Lakshman Iyer banned manual scavenging when he was the chairman of Gobichettipalayam Municipality, which became the first local body to ban it officially. Sanitation is a State subject as per entry 6 of the Constitution. Under this, in February 2013 Delhi announced that they were banning manual scavenging, making them the first state in India to do so. District magistrates are responsible for ensuring that there are no manual scavengers working in their district. Within three years of the ruling municipalities, railways and cantonments were required to make sufficient sanitary latrines available.
But by using Article 252 of the constitution which empowers Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other State, the Government of India has enacted various laws. The continuance of such discriminatory practice is violation of ILO's Convention 111 (Discrimination in Employment and Occupation). The United Nations human rights chief welcomed in 2013 the movement in India to eradicate manual scavenging.
In 2007 the Self Employment Scheme for Rehabilitation of Manual Scavengers was passed to help in transition to other occupations.
The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993
After six states passed resolutions requesting the Central Government to frame a law, "The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993", drafted by the Ministry of Urban Development under the Narasimha Rao government, was passed by Parliament in 1993. The act punishes the employment of scavengers or the construction of dry (non-flush) latrines with imprisonment for up to one year and/or a fine of Rs 2,000. No convictions were obtained under the law during the 20 years it was in force.
The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act 2013 or M.S. Act 2013
Government has passed the new legislation in September 2013 and issued Government notification for the same. In December, 2013 Government also formulated Rules-2013 called as "The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Rules 2013" or "M.S. Rules 2013". The hearing on 27 March 2014 was held on manual scavenging of writ petition number 583 of 2003, and Supreme Court has issued final orders and case is disposed of with various directions to the Government. The broad objectives of the act are to eliminate unsanitary latrines, prohibit the employment of manual scavengers and the hazardous manual cleaning of sewer and septic tanks, and to maintain a survey of manual scavengers and their rehabilitation.
Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation (Amendment) Bill, 2020
The Bill calls for a complete mechanization of cleaning sewers and septic tanks.
Activism
In India in 1970s, Bindeshwar Pathak introduced his "Sulabh" concept for building and managing public toilets in India, which has introduced hygienic and well-managed public toilet systems. Activist Bezwada Wilson founded a group in 1994, Safai Karmachari Andolan, to campaign for the demolition of then newly illegal 'dry latrines' (pit latrines) and the abolition of manual scavenging. Despite the efforts of Wilson and other activists, the practice persists two decades later. In July 2008 "Mission Sanitation" was a fashion show held by the United Nations as part of its International Year of Sanitation. On the runway were 36 previous workers, called scavengers, and top models to help bring awareness of the issue of manual scavenging.
The Movement for Scavenger Community (MSC) is an NGO founded in 2009 by Vimal Kumar with young people, social activists, and like-minded people from the scavenger community. MSC is committed to working towards the social and economic empowerment of the scavenger community through the medium of education.
The "Campaign for Dignity" (Garima Abhiyan) in Madhya Pradesh in India has assisted more than 20,000 women to stop doing manual scavenging as an occupation.
Pragya Akhilesh is an investigative journalist. Her writings on this area in platforms like the Indian Express, The Wire, Outlook, Deccan Herald and Hindustan Times has transformed the dialogue on sanitation workers and has transformed the course of truthful journalism in India despite violent attacks by the Hindu right wing government in India. She is one of the biggest sanitation crusaders rightfully called as the 'sanitation woman of India' like Rajendra Singh is called the 'Water man of India.' She has been wrongly labelled as the ‘toilet woman of Delhi’ like Bhasha Singh is called 'a manual scavenging journalist' by the government for her prolific contribution highlighting SBM's irregularities focusing on merely infrastructure building rather than protecting the rights of thousands of sanitation workers in India. Since 2010 she has highlighted the government's failure to recognise the labour movement of sanitation workers and the failure to eradicate and rehabilitate manual scavengers in India.
Other countries
Manual emptying of toilets also took place in Europe. Historically the excreta was known as night soil and in Tudor England the workers were called gong farmers.
In Pakistan municipalities still rely on Christian sweepers. In the city of Karachi, sweepers keep the sewer system flowing, using their bare hands to unclog crumbling drainpipes of feces, plastic bags and hazardous hospital refuse, part of the 1,750 million litres of waste the city's 20 million residents produce daily. Christians make up a small percentage of Pakistan's population, and they fill majority of the sweeper jobs. When Karachi's municipality tried to recruit Muslims to unclog gutters, they refused to get down into the sewers, instead sweeping the streets. The job was left to Christians and lower-caste Hindus.
Waste storage practices in homes in Sierra Leone are poor, adding to collection difficulties. Unsorted waste is often stored in old leaky buckets, and used plastic bags instead of a bin lined with plastic bags. Like most African countries, waste collection is a problem. Garbage collected by collection workers, who are not provided with personal protective equipment like gloves, from communal skips is moved straight for the city's two disposal sites. Scavengers try to earn a living from scouring through rotting rubbish, plastic bags and raw sewage for discarded things they can sell.
See also
Sanitation worker
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission)
Waste collector
Water supply and sanitation in India
References
Sewerage
Toilets
Cleaning and maintenance occupations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual%20scavenging |
Gram was one of the earliest legendary Danish kings according to Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum. His history is given in more detail than those of his predecessors. Georges Dumézil argued that Gram was partially modelled on the god Thor, in particular his defeat of Hrungnir and subsequent encounter with Gróa.
The Old Norse word gramr means "king" and is probably the source of Gram's name, possibly through a misunderstanding of Saxo's. No other ancient source mentions a king named Gram.
References
Dumézil, Georges (1973). From Myth to Fiction : The Saga of Hadingus. Trans. Derek Coltman. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press. .
Davidson, Hilda Ellis (ed.) and Peter Fisher (tr.) (1999). Saxo Grammaticus : The History of the Danes : Books I-IX. Bury St Edmunds: St Edmundsbury Press. . First published 1979-1980.
Elton, Oliver (tr.) (1905). The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus. New York: Norroena Society. Available online
Olrik, J. and H. Ræder (1931). Saxo Grammaticus : Gesta Danorum. Available online
Mythological kings of Denmark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram%20of%20Denmark |
Stellendam is a village in the Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee, and lies about 9 km west of Hellevoetsluis.
History
The village was first mentioned around 1750 as "'t Stelle Gors". The current name is a combination of "dam" and "small terps on a shoal which shepherds to use in case of floods". The dam refers to the Statendam which was constructed in 1751. Stellendam developed after the dam was built. In 1780, the Eendrachtspolder was enclosed by a dike, and shortly after a courthouse was constructed in Stellendam.
The Dutch Reformed church is a simple aisleless church with ridge turret which was built in 1819. The inn 't Wapen van Stellendam was built between 1781 and 1782 as court house and inn. The buildings was modified and plastered in the 19th century.
The grist mill Korenlust was built in 1856. It was in service until 1957. In 1961, it was bought by the municipality and restored between 1964 and 1965. The windmill is regularly in service on a voluntary basis.
Stellendam was home to 666 people in 1840. It was severely affected during the North Sea flood of 1953. Afterwards, the dike was heightened and a new harbour was built after the construction of the Haringvlietdam.
Stellendam was a separate municipality between 1817 and 1966, when it became part of Goedereede. In 2013, it became part of the municipality of Goeree-Overflakkee.
Gallery
References
Former municipalities of South Holland
Populated places in South Holland
Goeree-Overflakkee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellendam |
Indian agency police were policemen hired by United States Indian agents during the late 19th and early 20th centuries and assigned to a Native American tribe. It was the duty of Indian agency police to enforce federal laws, the laws of the state where their reservation was located, and the terms of the federal treaties with their tribal authority.
The very first Indian police made their appearance in the Great Plains in the 1830s. This was partly due to the relocation of tribes such as the Cherokee into Indian territories.
Many tribes had no recognizable governments and therefore no tribal laws. On these tribes' reservations, the Indian agent hired tribal members to effect law and order according to federal, agency, and treaty rules.
Some tribes, such as the Cherokee, had well-developed systems of tribal laws and tribal courts; the agency police also enforced these laws, and they testified and maintained order in the tribal courts. Since the agency police were federal officers, crimes against them had to be tried in a United States district court.
Indian policemen had a wide range of responsibilities, such as maintaining law and order, protecting agency property, arresting offenders, managing jails, and serving as messengers. They also patrolled reservation boundaries, detaining thieves and enforcing various bans.
Unfortunately, they often faced danger, with at least twenty-four officers losing their lives in Indian Territory alone between 1876 and 1906. The deadliest incident occurred on December 15, 1890, when six members of Standing Rock's Indian police force were killed while trying to apprehend Sitting Bull. They were responsible for the death of Sitting Bull and 12 other Native Americans, which has resulted in an unfavorable view by historians.
See also
Australian native police
Indian tribal police
Lighthorse (American Indian police)
United States Indian Police
References
Bureau of Indian Affairs. Indian Law Enforcement History. Republished at Tribal Court Clearinghouse from original published by Bureau of Indian Affairs and archived at Archive.org
Ellis, Mark R. "Indian Police", Encyclopedia of the Great Plains. University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 2011.
Remington, Frederic, "On the Indian Reservations". The Century, Vol. 38, Issue 4, August 1889, pp 536–545.
Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Vol. I, Laws (Compiled to December 1, 1902).
Native American tribal police
History of the American West
Indian agency police | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20agency%20police |
Oroqen ( Oroqen Urkun; ; also known as Orochon, Oronchon, Olunchun, Elunchun or Ulunchun) is a Northern Tungusic language spoken in the People's Republic of China. Dialects are Gankui and Heilongjiang. Gankui is the standard dialect. It is spoken by the Oroqen people of Inner Mongolia (predominantly the Oroqin Autonomous Banner) and Heilongjiang in Northeast China.
Since the 1980s, Oroqen-language materials were produced by teachers in Oroqen-speaking areas. They based the language's orthography either on IPA or Pinyin. A majority of Oroqen speakers use Chinese as a literary language and some also speak Daur.
Geographic distribution
Oroqen is spoken in the following counties of China:
Heilongjiang province
Da Hinggan Ling: Huma County and Tahe County
Heihe: Xunke County
Yichun: Jiayin County and Heihe City
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Hulunbuir: Oroqen Autonomous Banner
Sample text
Listed below are some Oroqen sentences. They are transcribed in Oroqen Fonetic Alphabet.
Phonology
Consonants
Allophones of /x/ are heard as [ɣ], [h].
A bilabial /ɸ/ can also be heard as a labio-dental [f].
A rhotic trill /r/ tends to sound as a tap [ɾ], when occurring word-finally.
Vowels
/ə, əː/ are often heard as lower sounds [, ].
Short allophones of /o, u/ are heard as [, ].
Notes
External links
Oroqen Vocabulary List (from the World Loanword Database)
Oroqen Swadesh vocabulary list of basic words (from Wiktionary's Swadesh list appendix)
Oroqen alphabet from Omniglot
Agglutinative languages
Languages of China
Tungusic languages
Endangered languages of Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oroqen%20language |
The Oxley Creek (Yagara: Benarrawa) is a creek that is a tributary of the Brisbane River, located in suburban Brisbane in the South East region of Queensland, Australia.
Rising in the low hills in Scenic Rim Region, water from the large catchment area flows into Oxley Creek as it flows through the western parts of Logan City and into Brisbane. At , the Oxley Creek is Brisbane's longest creek and the only sand-based one in the city.
Course and features
The headwaters of Oxley Creek begin on the northern slopes of Mount Perry, south of , in the Scenic Rim Region. From here, the creek flows northwards about , eventually discharging into the Brisbane River at . Tributaries of Oxley Creek include Crewes Creek, Blunder Creek, Sheep Station Gully, Stable Swamp Creek, Rocky Water Holes Creek, Little Doris Creek and Moolabin Creek.
Oxley Creek's upper catchment is sparsely populated and largely natural, with forested hills and grazing land. However, in other parts of the catchment, urban development has had great impact. In the middle and lower catchment, Oxley Creek and its tributaries flow through 28 Brisbane suburbs including Algester, , Darra, Durack, Forest Lake, Moorooka, Salisbury, Sunnybank Hills, Graceville and Sherwood. Major industrial areas of Acacia Ridge, Coopers Plains and are located in the catchment, as well as waste water treatment plants at and Inala, and the vicinity of Archerfield Airport.
Oxley Creek is crossed by the Ipswich Motorway and Logan Motorway. The creek is tidal upstream to the Ipswich Motorway crossing. In the suburbs of Oxley, Corinda and Tennyson the lower reaches of the creek contain the Oxley Creek Canoe Trail and are bordered by houses, parks, a driving range and sports fields. In these areas it is heavily polluted. These winding areas for the creek's catchment are prone to flooding, especially if there is an overflow on the Rocklea flood plains from the tributary Stable Swamp Creek.
History
The Yerongpan clan of the Turrbal people are thought to have once roamed throughout the catchment. Traditional owners in the catchment made use of the abundant natural resources, various plants and animals were used as staple foods and the roots of the bungwall fern a particular favourite. They called the creek Benarrawa in their traditional Turrbal language.
The creek was named in honour of John Oxley who first surveyed it in December 1823. Initially Oxley had called the creek the Canoe Creek. This was in recognition of the first Europeans to reach the creek, Thomas Pamphlett, John Finnegan, Richard Parsons who reached the area after being shipwrecked on Stradbroke Island. At Oxley Creek the three found two canoes, one of which was used to cross the river and travel downstream. By 1825 it had become known as Oxley Creek.
As early as 1828, hoop pine was being felled near the mouth of Oxley Creek for use in the Moreton Bay penal settlement and in the area that is now known as Chelmer and Graceville. In 1852, the first public bridge over the creek was built for the dray road that led to Ipswich. By the 1860s timber cutters from Brisbane were entering the Oxley Creek flood plain. The creek and tributaries were described as being surrounded by dense scrubland with patches of sub-tropical rainforest.
In 2006, the Brisbane City Council established the Lord Mayor's Oxley Creek Catchment Taskforce in an effort to rehabilitate the creek and its catchment. In 2012, the taskforce was awarded 1st place in its category at the Healthy Waterways Awards.
In 2017, Oxley Creek Transformation was established as a wholly owned Brisbane City Council subsidiary with a funding commitment of $100 million over 20 years for seeking environmentally sensitive outcomes by transforming the Oxley Creek corridor into a vast multi-use parkland, reducing impacts of industry and development on the creek and surrounds, embedding flood resilience into the corridor and growing its rich network of green spaces. Priority projects include a 20-kilometre recreation trail from the river to a new nature-based adventure parkland in Larapinta, a world-renowned birdwatching destination at Oxley Creek Common, a regional parkland at Archerfield Wetlands with a visitor centre, and whole-of-corridor environmental and economic strategies.
Environmental concerns
Residential and industry development, sewage, sediment, land clearing and sand mining in the catchment have greatly affected the water quality of Oxley Creek, particularly in its lower reaches. At Larapinta sand mining converted the anabranch into the main stream, leaving a series of lagoons.
Key environmental issues that face the catchment include rapid population increase and development, altered flow patterns of the creek causing active erosion, deteriorating water quality, increased noise and vehicle movements, waste disposal, invasion of bushland by exotic plants and animals, management of the extractive industries and the day-to-day behaviour of residents and workers of the catchment.
Local councils and bushcare groups have worked to reduce sediment entering the creek by planting vegetation. By 2008 improvements had resulted in water quality tests on the creek system's rating lifting from a F to a D. However the rating returned to F in the following three years.
Effluent from the Oxley Waste Treatment Centre was released into Oxley Creek during the 2010–2011 Queensland floods. Levels of bacteria 250 times higher than normal were recorded in the waterway. Due to safety concerns parts of Oxley Creek were not immediately cleared of debris. Brisbane's Recovery Task Group has identified Oxley Creek along with a number of other waterways that are to be targeted in the recovery process that may take a number of years to restore. According to the Queensland Minister for the Environment, Vicky Darling by January 2012, $16 million had been spent to remove more than 2,000 containers of hazardous materials from the catchment. 500 tonnes of debris had also been collected from the banks of Oxley Creek.
Some locals want a groyne to be built at the mouth of the creek to aid flows and reduce sediment, while others want a halt to sand mining because it produces silt.
See also
References
External links
Oxley Creek Catchment Association
Geography of Brisbane
Logan City
Tributaries of the Brisbane River
Rivers of Brisbane
Moreton Bay penal settlement | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxley%20Creek |
Jens Haven (June 23, 1724 – April 16, 1796) was a Danish-Canadian Moravian missionary and the prime mover behind the founding of the Moravian missions in Labrador.
Biography
Jens Haven was born at Sønderhaven in Vust parish, Jammerbugt, Denmark. His family were Lutheran, but after being apprenticed to a Moravian joiner, he joined the Moravian community at Herrnhut in eastern Saxony, Germany. In 1758, he went with his brother Peter and Matthäus Stach to the missions in Greenland among the Inuit, remaining there four years and helping to found the settlement of Lichtenfels. Haven had long wished to go to Labrador, and was not deterred by the prior murder by natives of Labrador of six missionaries, led by Johann Christian Erhardt (1718—1752).
In Memoir of the Life of Br. Jens Haven, he is recorded as saying: In the year 1752, hearing at Herrnhut, that Dr. Erhardt, a Missionary sent to the coast of Labrador had been murdered by the Esquimaux, I felt for the first time a strong impulse to go and preach the Gospel to this very nation, and become certain, in my own mind that I should go to Labrador.
After receiving permission from Moravian Church leaders in 1764, Haven travelled to London and met Hugh Palliser, Governor of Newfoundland, and made his intentions to establish a mission known. With Palliser's assistance, he arrived at the Strait of Belle Isle in the summer of that year. His first encounter with Newfoundland Inuit was at Quirpon, and he was able to speak with them in their native tongue, which he had learned while stationed in Greenland. Haven was received well by the Inuit and was known among them as Jens Ingoak or little Jens. He was respected by the Inuit as he spoke their language, wore similar clothes, and was small in stature. Temperamentally, he was described as rough and having a hot temper, yet warm and single-minded.
Based on Haven's experiences, the Moravians decided to establish a permanent mission in Labrador, and in 1765 Haven returned with three more missionaries. Because of disagreements between the Moravians and the English authorities over land grants, Haven returned to Europe, spending most of his time in England and the Netherlands. Eventually, in 1769, the requested lands, 100,000 acres (400 km²), were obtained, and Haven returned to Labrador in 1770. He went back to England later that year to make arrangements for the proposed mission house, and before returning in 1771, married Mary Butterworth, an English Moravian.
The 14-member missionary group—consisting of Germans, Danes, and Britons—chose a site which they called Nain. Nain was not an ideal site for the mission so a new one was set up at Okak in 1776, north of Nain. Then in 1782 another site at Hopedale was begun by Haven. In poor health, Haven retired to Herrnhut in 1784 and died there in 1796. He was blind for the last few years of his life.
Legacy
Jens Haven, the seventh highest peak () in the Torngat Mountains on the Labrador Peninsula is named in his honor.
Jens Haven Island () on the coast of Newfoundland & Labrador is named in his memory.
Jens Haven Memorial, a primary school in Nain, is named for Jens Haven.
References
Other sources
Memoir of the life of Br. Jens Haven, the first missionary of the Brethren's Church to the Esquimaux, on the coast of Labrador (1899)
Related Reading
Petrone, Penny (1992) Northern Voices: Inuit Writing in English (University of Toronto Press)
External links
Moravian Church in Newfoundland
Jens Haven fra Vust(Jens Damsgård)
Johann Christian Erhardt
1724 births
1796 deaths
Newfoundland and Labrador religious figures
Moravian Church missionaries
History of the Labrador Province of the Moravian Church
Danish Protestant missionaries
Danish people of the Moravian Church
Greenlandic Moravian clergy
Greenlandic people of Danish descent
Protestant missionaries in Greenland
Protestant missionaries in Canada
Pre-Confederation Newfoundland and Labrador people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens%20Haven |
The lingual artery arises from the external carotid artery between the superior thyroid artery and facial artery. It can be located easily in the tongue.
Structure
The lingual artery first branches off from the external carotid artery. It runs obliquely upward and medially to the greater horns of the hyoid bone.
It then curves downward and forward, forming a loop which is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve. It then passes beneath the digastric muscle and stylohyoid muscle running horizontally forward, beneath the hyoglossus. This takes it through the sublingual space. Finally, ascending almost perpendicularly to the tongue, it turns forward on its lower surface as far as the tip of the tongue, now called the deep lingual artery (profunda linguae).
Branches
The lingual artery gives 4 main branches: the deep lingual artery, the sublingual artery, the suprahyoid branch, and the dorsal lingual branch.
Deep lingual artery
The deep lingual artery (or ranine artery) is the terminal portion of the lingual artery after the sublingual artery is given off. As seen in the picture, it travels superiorly in a tortuous course along the under (ventral) surface of the tongue, below the longitudinalis inferior, and above the mucous membrane.
It lies on the lateral side of the genioglossus, the main large extrinsic tongue muscle, accompanied by the lingual nerve. However, as seen in the picture, the deep lingual artery passes inferior to the hyoglossus (the cut muscle on the bottom) while the lingual nerve (not pictured) passes superior to it (for a comparison, the hypoglossal nerve, pictured, passes superior to the hyoglossus). At the tip of the tongue, it is said to anastomose with the artery of the opposite side, but this is denied by Hyrtl. In the mouth, these vessels are placed one on either side of the frenulum linguæ.
Sublingual artery
The sublingual artery arises at the anterior margin of the hyoglossus, and runs forward between the genioglossus and mylohyoid muscle to the sublingual gland.
It supplies the gland and gives branches to the mylohyoideus and neighboring muscles, and to the mucous membrane of the mouth and gums.
One branch runs behind the alveolar process of the mandible in the substance of the gum to anastomose with a similar artery from the other side; another pierces the mylohyoideus and anastomoses with the submental branch of the facial artery.
Other branches
The suprahyoid branch of the lingual artery runs along the upper border of the hyoid bone, supplying oxygenated blood to the muscles attached to it and joining (anastomosing) with its fellow of the opposite side.
The dorsal lingual branches of lingual artery consist usually of two or three small branches which arise beneath the hyoglossus . They ascend medially to the back part of the dorsum of the tongue . They supply the mucous membranes, the glossopalatine arch, the tonsil, soft palate, and epiglottis; anastomosing with the vessels of the opposite side.
Function
The lingual artery supplies the tongue. It also supplies the palatine tonsils.
Additional images
References
External links
Branches at University of Oklahoma
Arteries of the head and neck
Pharynx | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingual%20artery |
HMAS Bathurst (J158), named for the city of Bathurst, New South Wales, was the lead ship of 60 Bathurst-class corvettes constructed during World War II and one of 20 built for the Admiralty but manned by personnel of and commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). Constructed during 1940, the ship spent most of her early career operating with the British Eastern Fleet in the Indian Ocean. She returned to Australian waters in late 1944, then was deployed to New Guinea in 1945, but saw little action. Bathurst was paid off in 1946, and sold to a Sydney scrap merchant in 1948.
Design and construction
In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate. The vessel was initially envisaged as having a displacement of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least , and a range of The opportunity to build a prototype in the place of a cancelled Bar-class boom defence vessel saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a top speed, and a range of , armed with a 4-inch gun, equipped with asdic, and able to fitted with either depth charges or minesweeping equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a sloop than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels. Construction of the prototype did not go ahead, but the plans were retained. The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 ordered by the RAN, 20 (including Bathurst) ordered by the British Admiralty but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the Royal Indian Navy.
Bathurst laid down by Cockatoo Island Dockyard in Sydney on 10 February 1940. She was launched on 1 August 1940 by the wife of the dockyard's Engineer Manager, and commissioned on 6 December 1940 under Lieut-Commander A. V. Bunyan, DSC, RD; RANR(S).
Operational history
Bathurst began her career in January 1941 as part of the 21st Minesweeping Flotilla, operating off Australia's east coast. Between March and May, she was assigned as a patrol and escort vessel to Singapore, before proceeding to Colombo and joining the British Eastern Fleet. Bathurst spent the month of June patrolling the Red Sea, then was deployed for three and a half months as a blockade vessel in the Gulf of Tadjoura. During this time, the corvette captured at least three small vessels.
Bathurst returned to Colombo in December, and was used as a patrol vessel and escort between the Indian and African coasts until August 1944. She underwent refit in Colombo from September to November 1943, and was a key component in the rescue and salvage operation following the explosion of two munitions ships at Bombay on 14 April 1944. On 7 August 1944, Bathurst sailed for Fremantle, and performed anti-submarine patrols along the western coast of Australia until April 1945. She was then deployed to New Guinea, but the Allied successes of the Pacific War meant that the remainder of World War II consisted of routine patrols. Two battle honours recognise the ship's wartime service: "Indian Ocean 1942–44" and "Pacific 1945".
Following the conclusion of the war in August 1945, Bathurst was again assigned to the 21st Minesweeping Flotilla, and carried out minesweeping operations in the Hong Kong area.
Decommissioning and fate
Bathurst returned to Sydney on 9 November 1945, and was decommissioned into reserve on 27 September 1946. She was sold for scrap to T. Carr and Co of Sydney on 21 June 1948.
Citations
References
Books
Journal and news articles
External links
Bathurst-class corvettes of the Royal Australian Navy
Ships built in New South Wales
1940 ships
World War II corvettes of Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMAS%20Bathurst%20%28J158%29 |
Octane is an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18.
Octane may also refer to:
Chemistry
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane or iso-Octane
Octane rating, a motor-fuel classification
Art and entertainment
Octane (album), a 2005 album by Spock's Beard
Octane (film), a 2003 film by Marcus Adams
Octane (magazine), a British car magazine
Octane (Sirius XM), a Sirius XM Radio hard rock channel
Octane, a character in the video game Apex Legends
Computing
Octane (software test), a performance benchmark of Javascript engines used in web browsers
Octane Render, a 3D rendering application
SGI Octane, an SGI computer
See also
Octan, fictional oil company that has appeared in numerous Lego construction sets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Ribes uva-crispa, known as gooseberry or European gooseberry, is a species of flowering shrub in the currant family, Grossulariaceae. It is native to Europe, the Caucasus and northern Africa. Gooseberry bushes produce an edible fruit and are grown on both a commercial and domestic basis. Its native distribution is unclear, since it may have escaped from cultivation and become naturalized. For example, in Britain, some sources consider it to be a native, others to be an introduction. The species is also occasionally naturalized in scattered locations in North America.
It is one of several species in the subgenus Ribes subg. Grossularia.
Etymology
The goose in gooseberry has been seen as a corruption of either the Dutch word or the allied German , or of the earlier forms of the French . Alternatively, the word has been connected to the Middle High German ('curl, crisped'), in Latin as . However, the Oxford English Dictionary takes the more literal derivation from goose and berry as probable because "the grounds on which plants and fruits have received names associating them with animals are so often inexplicable that the inappropriateness in the meaning does not necessarily give good grounds for believing that the word is an etymological corruption". The French for gooseberry is , translated as 'mackerel berries', due to their use in a sauce for mackerel in old French cuisine. In Britain, gooseberries may informally be called goosegogs.
Gooseberry bush was 19th-century slang for pubic hair, and from this comes the saying that babies are "born under a gooseberry bush".
Description
The gooseberry is a straggling bush growing to 1.5 metres (5 feet) in height and width, the branches being thickly set with sharp spines, standing out singly or in diverging tufts of two or three from the bases of the short spurs or lateral leaf shoots. The bell-shaped flowers are produced, singly or in pairs, from the groups of rounded, deeply crenated 3 or 5 lobed leaves.
The fruits are berries, smaller in wild gooseberries than the cultivated varieties, but often of good flavor. The berries are usually green, but there are red, purple, yellow, and white variants.
In cultivation
Gooseberry growing was popular in the 19th century, as described in 1879:
The gooseberry is indigenous to many parts of Europe and western Asia, growing naturally in alpine thickets and rocky woods in the lower country, from France eastward, well into the Himalayas and peninsular India.
In Britain, it is often found in copses and hedgerows and about old ruins, but the gooseberry has been cultivated for so long that it is difficult to distinguish wild bushes from feral ones, or to determine where the gooseberry fits into the native flora of the island. Common as it is now on some of the lower slopes of the Alps of Piedmont and Savoy, it is uncertain whether the Romans were acquainted with the gooseberry, though it may possibly be alluded to in a vague passage of Pliny the Elder's Natural History; the hot summers of Italy, in ancient times as at present, would be unfavourable to its cultivation. Although gooseberries are now abundant in Germany and France, it does not appear to have been much grown there in the Middle Ages, though the wild fruit was held in some esteem medicinally for the cooling properties of its acid juice in fevers; while the old English name, Fea-berry, still surviving in some provincial dialects, indicates that it was similarly valued in Britain, where it was planted in gardens at a comparatively early period.
William Turner describes the gooseberry in his Herball, written about the middle of the 16th century, and a few years later it is mentioned in one of Thomas Tusser's quaint rhymes as an ordinary object of garden culture. Improved varieties were probably first raised by the skilful gardeners of Holland, whose name for the fruit, Kruisbezie, may have been corrupted into the present English vernacular word. Towards the end of the 18th century the gooseberry became a favourite object of cottage-horticulture, especially in Lancashire, where the working cotton-spinners raised numerous varieties from seed, their efforts having been chiefly directed to increasing the size of the fruit.
References
External links
uva-crispa
Flora of Africa
Flora of Asia
Flora of Europe
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribes%20uva-crispa |
The Kagi chart () is a chart used for tracking price movements and to make decisions on purchasing stock. It differs from traditional stock charts such as the Candlestick chart by being mostly independent of time. This feature aids in producing a chart that reduces random noise.
Due to its effectiveness in showing a clear path of price movements, the Kagi chart is one of the various charts that investors use to make better decisions about stocks. The most important benefit of this chart is that it is independent of time and change of direction occurs only when a specific amount is reached.
The Kagi chart was originally developed in Japan during the 1870s when the Japanese stock market started trading. It was used for tracking the price movement of rice and found use in determining the general levels of supply and demand for certain assets.
Construction
Kagi charts look similar to swing charts and do not have a time axis. A Kagi chart is created with a series of vertical lines connected by short horizontal lines. The thickness and direction of the lines is based on the price of the underlying stock or asset, as follows:
The thickness/color of the line changes when the price reaches the high or low of the previous vertical line.
The direction of the line changes when the price reaches a preset reversal amount, which is usually set at 4%. When a direction change occurs, a short horizontal line is drawn between the lines of opposite direction.
Alternatively, thin and thick lines can be replaced with lines of different colours.
Changes in line thickness are used to generate transaction signals. Buy signals are generated when the Kagi line goes from thin to thick and sell signals are generated when the line turns from thick to thin.
The basic algorithm used is:
Find the starting point. The starting point is generally considered the first closing price. From this point forward, you compare each day's closing price with the starting price.
Draw a thin vertical line from the starting price to each day's closing price, while the trend does not reverse.
If a day's closing price moves in the opposite direction to the trend by more than the reversal amount, draw a short horizontal line and a new vertical line, beginning from the horizontal line to the new closing price.
If the price on a day is greater than or equal to the previous high, change to a thick line and continue the vertical line. If the price on that day is less than or equal to the previous low, then change to a thin line.
References
Further reading
Nison, Steve, Beyond Candlesticks: New Japanese Charting Techniques Revealed,
Financial charts
Japanese inventions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagi%20chart |
Cuba is a majority Christian nation, with Islam being one of the smallest minority faiths in the country. According to a 2011 Pew Research Center report, there were then 10,000 Muslims in Cuba who constitute less than 0.1% of the population. As of 2012, most of the 10,000 Cuban Muslims were converts to the religion.
At a certain point there were many Muslim students entering the nation of Cuba interested in studying at Cuba's prestigious schools. The number of students was approximately 1500–2000. That group included students of Pakistani origin, among others. It is known that the dominant population that went to study at Cuba was the Pakistani students who were about 936 in strength. In 2001, Sheikh Muhammad bin Nassir Al-Aboudy, the Assistant Secretary-General of the Muslim World League (MWL) travelled to Cuba to obtain permission from the Cuban authorities to establish an Islamic organization that would support Cuba's Muslim community. Among the other aims of the proposed organization would be constructing mosques and the dissemination of Islamic culture among Muslims.
the Turkish Religious Affairs Foundation had opened the first prayer room for Cuban Muslims and the first mosque in Cuba was under construction with Turkish funding.
History
Islam was largely introduced to Cuba during the colonial times (the late sixteenth century to the nineteenth century). This introduction, though, was not from colonists, but from Muslim Western African slaves who arrived in Cuba. Between 1808 and 1848, 49.4% (20,654) of the enslaved Muslim Africans who were captured and brought to the Americas arrived in Cuba, and many more who lack proper documentation have been suggested to have arrived.
The majority of these slaves were Mandingo from Senegambia or, as the British colonists called them, Mohammedanists. Many different groups of Africans arrived in Cuba in the nineteenth century and joined with the Mandingas because of a jihad in Western Africa. Little formal records exist on the impact of Islam on Cuba in the colonial times, but the Registry of the Court of Mixed Commission of Havana does confirm the Muslim African slaves' arrival in Cuba by documented records which included a unique number to each individual, sex, name, age, height, and from which the slaves came.
Also, evidence pointing to African origins of Islam in Cuba comes from the many Islamic names found by scholars, such as Henry Lovejoy, belonging to these slaves, such as Mohammed, Hausa, and Nupe. In 2011, Islam scholars also analyzed the different names found on the records from the Mixed Commission Courts of Havana to identify the names of Muslim and Arabic origin. It's been reported that there was more than 5,000 Muslims in Cuba before 1959 but most (around 80 percent) emigrated after the Cuban Revolution.
Cuban Muslims learned Islam through embassies of Middle Eastern countries as well as through students coming to study in Cuba from Muslim countries. Islam started to spread among Cubans in the 1970s and '80s. Printed and audio-visual Islamic resources are now almost nonexistent in Cuba. Spanish translation of the Quran and other major Islamic books are not available in the country. The Muslim community of Cuba even lacks educated religious cadres.
Islam became gained in popularity while the country endured an economic crisis, and would come to be more organized by the 1990s. Islam was not organized very well in the past because the main worshipers were slaves and they did not have the freedom to make Islam more organized in Cuba. Cuba's government also had problems with accepting Islam as an official religion at first. By the 1990s, the Cuban government was becoming more accepting of public practice. At first, Islam in Cuba was difficult to practice because of the lack of Islam books in Spanish—but with the completion of a mosque in Havana in 2015, it has become easier for people to worship. A lot has changed from the time when Muslims in Cuba could have faced consequences because of the government to having their own mosque with teachers. The change for some Muslim Cubans are difficult because they have always eaten pork and used alcohol. The change for many will be gradual because of lack of formal teaching and imams in the past. Since the Cuban Muslim community is still young many of the Cuban traditions have blended with the new Muslim traditions. With new teachers and a public place to worship more Cubans will be exposed to Islam and the religion will grow.
Mosque
Cuba houses a mosque named Abdallah Mosque in Old Havana open to everyone for all daily prayers. Elsewhere, Cuba's Muslims usually pray in their homes. Although former President Fidel Castro was reported to have promised to build a mosque for his country's Muslims, according to members of the Humanitarian Aid Foundation (IHH) who visited Cuba,. In the past, the only prayers performed in public were the Friday Prayers that were conducted in a place known as Casa de los Árabes ("The Arab House") in old Havana. The Arab House belonged to a wealthy Arab immigrant who lived in Cuba during the 1940s, and it was built on Andalusian architectural designs. The House encompasses an Arab museum and restaurant. Qatar donated US$40,000 for the remodeling of the House, but it was only opened for Friday prayers.
Religious Groups
There are two Islamic groups in Cuba: the Cuban Islamic Union, which is headed by its president, Imam Yahya Pedro, and Cuban Association for the Diffusion of Islam, which is headed by its president, Abu Duyanah.
Other Sunnis are concentrated in the Malcolm X Center, in the home of the Muslim Hassan Abdul Gafur, in Cerro, in Havana. Hassan Abdul Gafur was the first to form an Islamic organization in Cuba in 1994.
Notable Muslims
Alí Nicolás Cossío - Former foreign ministry official who now reports for the "Voice of Islam", a radio station
Juan Carlos Gómez - Professional boxer and former Cruiserweight Champion
See also
Arab Cubans
References
External links
Practicing Islam in Catholic Cuba (includes photos), by Benazir Wehelie, Special to CNN
Cuba | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Cuba |
The New Zealand Society of Actuaries is the professional body to which actuaries practising in New Zealand normally belong. The society was founded in 1957 and incorporated in 1976.
References
External links
Home - NZ Society of Actuaries
Actuarial associations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Zealand%20Society%20of%20Actuaries |
GRB 060218 (and SN 2006aj) was a gamma-ray burst (abbreviated as GRB) with unusual characteristics never seen before. This GRB was detected by the Swift satellite on February 18, 2006, and its name is derived from the date. It was located in the constellation Aries.
GRB 060218's duration (almost 2000 seconds) and its origin in a galaxy 440 million light years away are far longer and closer, respectively, than typical gamma-ray bursts seen before, and the burst was also considerably dimmer than average despite its close distance.
As of February 2006, the phenomenon was not yet well understood. However, an optical afterglow to the gamma-ray burst has been detected and is brightening, and some scientists believe that the appearance of a supernova (SN 2006aj) may be ongoing.
Four different groups of researchers, led by Sergio Campana, Elena Pian, Alicia Soderberg and Paolo Mazzali respectively, carried out the investigation of the phenomenon and presented their results in Nature on August 31, 2006. They found the strongest evidence yet that supernovae and GRBs might be linked, because GRB 060218 showed signs of both the GRB and the supernova. The exploding star is believed to have had the boundary mass (about 20 Solar masses) for supernovae to leave either a black hole or a neutron star after its explosion.
References
External links
Light curves and spectra on the Open Supernova Catalog
http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=19106
http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060223_explosion.html
http://skyandtelescope.com/news/article_1683_1.asp
http://www.newscientistspace.com/article/dn8776.html
http://sabbe.fragzone.se/KPO/grb060218.htm
YahooNews
Finder Charts for GRB 060218 shows the area of the sky prior to the incident.
More NASA observational reports at the Burst Information (Current and Archives)
Simbad
Image SN 2006aj
060218
Supernovae
Aries (constellation)
20060218
February 2006 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB%20060218 |
Live Like You Were Dying is the eighth studio album by American country music artist Tim McGraw. It was released on August 24, 2004 by Curb Records. It was recorded in a mountaintop studio in upstate New York. It entered the Billboard 200 chart at number one, with sales of 766,000 copies in its first week. The album was certified 4x Platinum by the RIAA for shipping four million copies, and was nominated for two Grammies in 2005 for Best Country Vocal Performance Male and Best Country Album, winning for Best Country Vocal Performance. Five singles were released from the album, all were top 15 hits on the Hot Country Songs chart, two of which hit #1.
Content
The title track was the first single from the album. The song peaked at number 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, held it for seven weeks, and peaked at number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song won a Grammy Award for Best Male Country Vocal Performance. The music video for the title track prominently featured McGraw's father, former baseball player Tug McGraw, who had died of brain cancer. This song was also the number one country song of 2004 according to Billboard Year-End.
The next single from this album is "Back When", which also reached #1 on Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. The third single, "Drugs or Jesus" peaked at #14, making it the first McGraw single since 1993 not to reach the country Top 10 (not counting "Tiny Dancer"). "Do You Want Fries with That" was the fourth single and peaked at #5, and the fifth and final single, "My Old Friend", peaked at #6.
"How Bad Do You Want It" was featured as the theme song to CMT's Trick My Truck. "Can't Tell Me Nothin'" was previously recorded by Travis Tritt on his 2002 album Strong Enough.
Track listing
Personnel
Tim McGraw & The Dance Hall Doctors
Tim McGraw – lead vocals
Jeff McMahon – acoustic piano, Rhodes, Wurlitzer electric piano, Hammond B3 organ, synthesizers
Denny Hemingson – electric guitar, steel guitar, baritone guitar, slide guitar, dobro, Melobar guitar
Bob Minner – acoustic guitar, banjo, mandolin (2, 12)
Darran Smith – electric guitar, acoustic guitar (12)
Deano Brown – fiddle, mandolin
John Marcus – bass
Billy Mason – drums
David Dunkley – percussion
Background vocals
Russell Terrell (1, 3, 4, 8, 14)
Steve McEwan (2)
Greg Barnhill (4-7, 11, 16)
Kim Carnes (4, 6)
Bob Bailey (6)
Kim Fleming (6)
Vicki Hampton (6)
Rodney Crowell (9)
Wes Hightower (10, 15, 16)
Faith Hill (12)
Brett Warren (12)
Gene Miller (13, 16)
Chris Rodriguez (13)
Strings on tracks 5, 6, 11 & 15
David Campbell – string arrangements
Suzie Katayama – string contractor
Larry Corbett and Suzie Katayama – cello
Bob Becker and Evan Wilson – viola
Charlie Bisharat, Darius Campo, Susan Chatman, Mario DeLeon, Berj Garabedian, Armen Garabedian, Natalie Leggett and Sara Parkins – violin
Production
Byron Gallimore – producer, mixing
Tim McGraw – producer, mixing
Darran Smith – producer
Missi Gallimore – A&R direction
Julian King – tracking engineer (1, 3-13, 15)
David Bryant – second tracking engineer (1, 3-13, 15)
Steve Churchyard – string engineer (5, 6, 11, 15)
Greg Lawrence – additional engineer (5, 6, 11, 15), second string engineer (5, 6, 11, 15)
Jesse Chrisman – assistant engineer
Ricky Cobble – assistant engineer (1, 3-13, 15)
Matt Cullen – assistant engineer
Jason Gantt – assistant engineer, Pro Tools engineer
Erik Lutkins – assistant engineer, Pro Tools engineer
Sara Lesher – assistant engineer
Harry McCarthy – technician assistant
John Prestia – technician assistant
Mike Rector – technician assistant
Hank Williams – mastering
Ann Callis – production assistant
Kelly Clauge Wright – creative director
Glenn Sweitzer – art direction, design
Mark Seliger – cover photography
Tony Duran – back photography
Studios
Tracks 1, 3-13 & 15 recorded at Allaire Studios (Shokan, New York).
Tracks 2, 4, 14 & 16 recorded at Blackbird Studio (Nashville, Tennessee).
Strings recorded at Record One Studio B (Sherman Oaks, California).
Mixed at Essential Sound (Houston, Texas) and Emerald Sound Studio (Nashville, Tennessee).
Mastered at MasterMix (Nashville, Tennessee).
Chart positions
Live Like You Were Dying debuted on the US Billboard 200 chart at number one, his third number-one album, and on the Top Country Albums at number one, making it his seventh number one on that chart.
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Sales and certifications
References
External links
2004 albums
Tim McGraw albums
Curb Records albums
Albums produced by Byron Gallimore
Albums with cover art by Tony Duran
Albums produced by Tim McGraw | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20Like%20You%20Were%20Dying |
Duncan Tucker is an American film director and screenwriter.
Tucker was born in Kansas City and grew up between Kansas City and Phoenix, Arizona. He graduated from New York University.
After the short subject film The Mountain King (2000), which was screened at over thirty international festivals, he wrote and directed his first feature film, Transamerica in 2005. His book Many Fish is published by Ascent, and his photos and pictures are exhibited at many New York art galleries.
Awards
2005 Verzaubert International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival — Rosebud Award (Best Feature Film) for Transamerica
2005 San Francisco International Gay and Lesbian Film Festival — Audience Award (Best Feature) for Transamerica
2005 Deauville Film Festival - Best Screenplay for Transamerica
2005 Berlin International Film Festival - Siegessäule Readers' Prize for Transamerica
2006 Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay for Transamerica
2005 Woodstock Film Festival — Audience Award for Narrative Feature for Transamerica
2006 GLAAD Media Award - Outstanding Feature Limited Release
2006 Equality California Entertainment Award
References
External links
New York University alumni
American film directors
American male screenwriters
English-language film directors
Independent Spirit Award winners
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Screenwriters from Arizona | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan%20Tucker |
WKZV (102.1 MHz) is a non-commercial Christian FM radio station licensed to Tybee Island, Georgia. The station is owned by the Educational Media Foundation, and serves the Savannah metropolitan area. Its transmitter is located west of the city in unincorporated Chatham County.
History
On October 20, 1971, WZAT signed on. It was a completely automated Top 40/CHR station except for the locally popular "Breakfast With Burl" program, which was live. Airstaff was gradually added the rest of the day. Between a strong AM station, AM 1400 WSGA, and a slightly lighter top 40 station, FM 95.5 WSGF, a real format war ensued. By 1986, 95SGF had become AOR/CR outlet WIXV, and in 1982, AM 1400 moved out of the format as younger listeners preferred FM radio. In the 1980s to early-1990s, "Z102" was the dominant (and often only) Top 40 station in Savannah. Stations like 99.7 WHTK, Kiss 98.7, Wave 97, and Blu 92 all tried and (mostly) failed in taking on the popular Z102.
In 1993, the station was sold and flipped to modern rock as "WZAT (or later, Z102) - Savannah's Rock and Roll Radio." Phoenix Media Partners sold the station to Cumulus in 1997. Upon the sale to Cumulus, the station repositioned as Top 40. The station has since been Top 40 and Top 40/Hot AC hybrid twice since then. It flipped to Hot AC on March 11, 2008. The next day, the station revealed its new name and positioner, which was "Mix 102-1 - The Best Mix of Music." On October 1, 2010 WZAT began stunting with sports highlights in preparation of a new format. On October 4, 2010, 102.1 became a sports talk station carrying ESPN Radio. On January 2, 2013, 102.1 switched to CBS Sports Radio, since Cumulus owns an interest in the network.
On August 15, 2014, WZAT flipped to a country music format branded as Nash Icon 102.1. As part of the company's Nash FM brand, the Nash Icon format is designed to be a slightly older country sound, with an emphasis on music by veteran country acts alongside newer hit songs. WZAT was, along with co-owned W255CJ Atlanta, one of the first two stations to adopt the format.
On March 24, 2017, after stunting with songs with the word "sound" in their names, WZAT returned to Hot AC as "102.1 The Sound". Positioning itself between WAEV and WYKZ, the move brings the frequency close to its longtime heritage as Z102. The syndicated "Bert Show" was added for morning & "The Adam Bomb Show" for afternoons drive time.
On February 13, 2019, Cumulus Media announced it would sell six stations, including WZAT, to the Educational Media Foundation for $103.5 million. Following the consummation of the sale on May 31, 2019, the station flipped to their K-Love network. With the change, WZAT changed its call letters to WKZV on June 5, 2019.
Former logo
References
External links
KZV (FM)
Radio stations established in 1972
1972 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Educational Media Foundation radio stations
K-Love radio stations
KZV | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WKZV%20%28FM%29 |
Bangladesh Road Transport Corporation (BRTC) is a state-owned transport corporation of Bangladesh. It was established under the Government Ordinance No.7 of 1961 dated 4 February 1961. Following the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, it assumed its current name. It is responsible for issuing buses and maintaining the public transports in the roads and highway division.
Organization
BRTC is a semi-autonomous corporation under the Ministry of Communication. The governing body includes the Communication Minister, the Communication Secretary, the Director of the corporation, and other officials.
Services
BRTC provides both passenger and cargo transport services.
BRTC operates three international bus services (Dhaka to Kolkata, Agartala, and Siliguri in India). Inside Bangladesh, it operates inter-district bus services through its bus depots in Chittagong, Bogra, Comilla, Pabna, Rangpur, Barisal, and Sylhet. It also operates intra-city bus services in many major cities of the country.
For transportation of cargo, BRTC operates a fleet of 170 trucks. About twenty percent of the government food transport uses BRTC's trucks. The two main truck depots are located at Dhaka and Chittagong.
BRTC's main driver training institute is located in Joydevpur, Gazipur District, about forty kilometres north of Dhaka. It also has several other training institutes located in Chittagong, Bogra, Khulna, and Jhenaidah. Through these institutes, BRTC provides training in basic car operation and repair.
References
External links
Transport companies of Bangladesh
Road transport in Bangladesh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh%20Road%20Transport%20Corporation |
Fruit Gushers (also simply Gushers) are a Betty Crocker-branded fruit snack introduced in 1991. They are soft and chewy with a fruity-juice center.
History
Fruit Gushers (sometimes simply "Gushers") were introduced in 1991 as a Betty Crocker fruit snack. Each box of Fruit Gushers was list priced at and contained six pouches of Gushers, each of which had nine individual pieces for per pouch.
Composition
Strawberry-flavored Fruit Gushers are composed of pear concentrate, sugar, dried corn syrup, corn syrup, modified corn starch, fructose, and grape juice concentrate. Targeted at children, they were acorn-shaped with a soft "licorice-like" exterior and a liquid inside, included "strawberries and pear puree concentrate", and came in two flavors: "Strawberry Splash" and "Gushin' Grape".
In 2003, one serving of any Fruit Gushers variety was one package with 90 calories, zero protein, of fat, and of carbohydrates. In 2018, 90 calories worth of Strawberry Fruit Gushers weighed and contained of sugar, one gram of fat, and cost .
Varieties
Betty Crocker released a new variety of Fruit Gushers in early 2020: "Galactic Fruit Gushers". These featured the flavors "Asteroid Apple", "Berry Star Cluster", and a mystery flavor labeled "Unidentified Flavored Object"; the latter was part of a contest where consumers could guess at the unknown flavor and win prizes "like sweatshirts, hats, blankets, pop sockets, and more". Galactic Fruit Gushers were sold through Walmart.com for .
Reception
A 1991 Sun-Sentinel review said that the insides oozed rather than gushed, and found the confectionery surprisingly pleasant. In 2013, Complex magazine ranked Fruit Gushers the second-best fruit snack of all time, coming in behind another Betty Crocker product, Shark Bites.
See also
References
External links
Fruit Gushers at BettyCrocker.com
American snack foods
brand name confectionery
General Mills brands
products introduced in 1991 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit%20Gushers |
Coverage maps are designed to indicate the service areas of radiocommunication transmitting stations. Typically these may be produced for radio or television stations, for mobile telephone networks and for satellite networks. Such maps are alternatively known as propagation maps. For satellite networks, a coverage map is often known as a footprint.
Definition of coverage
Typically a coverage map will indicate the area within which the user can expect to obtain good reception of the service in question using standard equipment under normal operating conditions. Additionally, the map may also separately denote supplementary service areas where good reception may be obtained but other stations may be stronger, or where the reception may be variable but the service may still be usable.
Technical details
The field strength that the marked service boundary on a coverage map represents will be defined by whoever produces the map, but typical examples are as follows:
VHF(FM) / Band II
For VHF(FM) / Band II, the BBC defines the service area boundary for stereo services as corresponding to an average field strength of 54 dB (relative to 1 µV/m) at a height of 10 m above ground level. For mono it is 48 dB (relative to 1 µV/m).
The receiving antenna height of 10m dates from the 1950s when receivers were relatively insensitive and used rooftop antennas. Although this may seem unrealistic for typical situations today, when combined with the above threshold it is considered a good proxy for providing coverage to more sensitive modern receivers used without external rooftop antennas.
MF / Mediumwave
For MF / Mediumwave, the BBC defines the daytime service area boundary as a minimum field strength of 2 mV/m. At night, the service area of mediumwave services can be drastically reduced by co-channel interference from distant stations.
Limitations
Often coverage maps show general coverage for large regions and therefore any boundary indicated should not be interpreted as a rigid limit. The biggest cause of uncertainty for a coverage map is the quality (mainly sensitivity) of receiving apparatus used. A coverage map may be produced to indicate the area in which a certain signal strength is delivered. Even if it is 100% accurate (which it never is), a major factor on whether a signal is receivable depends very much on whether the receiving apparatus is sensitive enough to use a signal of that level. Commercial receivers can vary widely in their sensitivity, thus perception of coverage can vary widely.
The quality of reception can be very different at places only short distances apart, and this phenomenon is more apparent as the transmission frequency increases. Inevitably small pockets of poor reception may exist within the main service area that cannot be shown on the map due to scale issues. Conversely, the use of sensitive equipment, high gain antennas, or simply being located on high ground can yield good signal strengths well outside the indicated area.
The significance of local geographical conditions cannot be over emphasised and this was underlined by an experiment which revealed the signal reception conditions around a typical house. The site did not have the critical "line-of-sight propagation" to the transmitter. Average signal levels, taken at the same height, varied by up to 6 dB, and for individual frequencies by up to 14 dB. In RF reception terms these figures are huge differences.
Although carriers and broadcasters attempt to design their networks to eliminate dead zones, no network is perfect, so coverage breaks within the general coverage areas are still possible.
There are limitations inherent to the way in which data collection for coverage maps is carried out. Traditional coverage maps are based on models, constructed from readings taken by dedicated network testers. This often means that coverage maps show the theoretical capacity of the network rather than its real-world performance. In recent years companies such as OpenSignal and Sensorly have emerged that provide coverage maps based on information crowdsourced from consumer applications. The advantage of this approach is that the coverage maps show network reach and performance as it is experienced by its users.
Often companies will construct low power satellite stations to fill in bad reception areas that become apparent once the high power transmitter's coverage map has identified where the network is deficient.
References
External links
The Transmission Gallery: Index of UK TV coverage maps
TV Fool: Index of US TV coverage maps
An example of a crowd-sourced coverage map
Mobile technology
Radio
Broadcasting | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coverage%20map |
Blossom Jackson is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Mona Hammond. The character originally appeared from 16 May 1994 to 29 May 1997. Hammond was installed as a matriarchal figure of the Jackson clan but quit the role in 1997, reportedly because she was suffering from nervous exhaustion. She reprised the role on 25 October 2010 for two episodes.
Storylines
Blossom is the grandmother of Alan Jackson (Howard Antony). Originally from Tobago, she came to Britain as a young child and grew up in east London. Her first marriage to Nathan ended after he deserted her, and she spent the latter part of her life living with her common-law husband, Bill, until he died in 1993.
On screen, she comes to live with Alan and his common-law wife Carol (Lindsey Coulson) at number 25 Albert Square in 1994 after her flat in Wapping is burgled. Blossom is great-grandmother to Billie Jackson (Devon Anderson) and although she is not blood-related to the other Jackson children, Bianca (Patsy Palmer), Robbie (Dean Gaffney) and Sonia (Natalie Cassidy), she loves them as if she were. Blossom is a great support to Carol during her time living in Albert Square, often providing a sympathetic ear when she needs a shoulder to cry on. She works in Kathy Beale's (Gillian Taylforth) café and has a brief romance with Walford lothario Jules Tavernier (Tommy Eytle), even moving in with him temporarily when the Jacksons' house is damaged in a gas explosion. However, their relationship does not progress into anything serious.
She later embarks on a more serious relationship with local barber Felix Kawalski (Harry Landis). Felix is a Jewish Holocaust survivor who was separated from his family as a child. Even though Felix does not know where his family are or even if they are still alive, he has spent his whole life trying to find them. He eventually tracks his sister down in Israel, and after making contact with her, he decides to live with her there. He later returns for a brief visit to ask Blossom to move there with him, and she accepts his offer and leaves Walford in 1997.
Off screen, Blossom later returns to England to live with Alan and Billie in Balham. By February 2010, Alan and Carol have apparently split, with Carol and Billie moving to back to Walford and Alan to Forest Hill, leaving the whereabouts of Blossom unknown. However, she returns to Walford in October 2010 with Alan, his wife and their son Kai (Shay Spencer), for Billie's funeral after he dies in his sleep while celebrating his 22nd birthday. When Carol says she cannot go to the funeral, Blossom tells her they are saying goodbye to Billie no matter what. Afterwards, she tries to convince Carol to go to the wake as she has rejected her entire family. At Billie's wake, Blossom realises that Carol's nephew Bradley Branning (Charlie Clements) has not attended and is told that he died several months earlier. She mentions that her partner Felix had died in 2006. She and her family return home after the wake.
Creation and development
Blossom was introduced in 1994 as the "no-nonsense" grandmother of Alan Jackson (Howard Antony). Author Kate Lock describes Blossom as a "robust Tobagonian".
Actress Mona Hammond, who was in her late 60s at the time, opted to quit playing Blossom in 1997, reportedly because she was suffering from nervous exhaustion due to EastEnders's work schedule. An insider told the Daily Mirror, "Mona's been in almost every episode since she joined back in 1993. It's a phenomenal workload for someone of her age. She was getting so nervous on set that she finally put her foot down and insisted on a break. She said she couldn't cope any more and that it had taken its toll on her nerves. She refused to sign a three-month contract, saying it would finish her off." At the time, the actress was on a 3-month break, and although reports suggested Hammond agreed to return to the soap in the summer of 1997 for four weeks to allow Blossom to have an exit, she did not return.
Following producer Bryan Kirkwood's decision to kill off Blossom's great-grandson Billie Jackson (Devon Anderson), Hammond was asked to reprise the role of Blossom for a brief stint. Blossom appeared at his funeral in October 2010 and was featured in two episodes.
Reception
Author Stephen Bourne criticised EastEnders for wasting the talent of their black actors, using Mona Hammond and her portrayal of Blossom as an example of this, suggesting that much of Blossom's cultural history and personal life remained undisclosed and questioned why she was never seen talking with another black woman of her age. He suggested that after her arrival she became the "invisible woman", adding, "the scriptwriters gave her little to do except serve in the cafe and say one line: 'you want another cup of coffee?'". Bourne suggested that Blossom should have become a matriarchal figure to compare to Ena Sharples from rival ITV soap Coronation Street and suggested that Blossom's scenes with grandson Alan lacked the humour, tension and passion that was seen between other characters in EastEnders, like Peggy Mitchell and her son Grant.
References
External links
EastEnders characters
Television characters introduced in 1994
British female characters in television
Fictional Trinidad and Tobago people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blossom%20Jackson |
Phillip Carrick (16 July 1952 – 11 January 2000) was an English first-class cricketer, who played for Yorkshire County Cricket Club between 1970 and 1993.
Carrick was born in Armley, Leeds, Yorkshire, England, educated at Park Lane College of Further Education, and began his first-class career in 1970. The left-arm spinner, nicknamed "Fergie", took more than 1,000 wickets over his twenty three-year career, and fell just six runs short of hitting 10,000 first-class runs for Yorkshire. His bowling partnership with Geoff Cope was a successful one for the county. He captained Yorkshire to victory over Northamptonshire in the 1987 Benson & Hedges Cup, having had his benefit season in 1985. As well as Yorkshire he spent two seasons playing in South Africa with Eastern Province and Northern Transvaal. After retiring from first-class cricket in 1993, he continued to play local league cricket, captaining Pudsey Congs to the Bradford League title and he also had success as an umpire for the ECB.
He died of leukaemia aged 47 in January 2000, survived by his wife and two daughters. His funeral was held in Bradford Cathedral. Among those attending were his cricketing colleagues Brian Close, Ray Illingworth, Martyn Moxon, Dickie Bird, Graham Gooch, Mike Gatting and John Emburey.
References
External links
1952 births
2000 deaths
Yorkshire cricket captains
Yorkshire cricketers
Eastern Province cricketers
Northerns cricketers
People from Armley
English cricketers
Deaths from leukemia
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Cheshire cricketers
D. H. Robins' XI cricketers
Young England cricketers
Deaths from cancer in England
Cricketers from West Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Carrick |
Denis Simpson (born Dennis Anthony Leopold Simpson; 4 November 1950 – 22 October 2010) was a Canadian actor and singer best known as a host of the TV series Polka Dot Door. He was also an original member of the singing group The Nylons.
Early life and family
Born in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, Simpson arrived in Canada at the age of eight and moved with his family to the Toronto suburb of Scarborough at age 10. He attended Guildwood Public School and was remembered as an exceptional student and a friendly and gentle young man. His half-sister, born 1964, is actress Gloria Reuben. At York University, where he studied for one year, Simpson focused on music, theatre, and dance.
Career
The original bass vocalist for The Nylons in 1978–79, he left the band to appear in the Broadway musical Indigo before they became commercially successful.
Simpson was also a longtime host of the children's television series Polka Dot Door from 1978 until the mid-1980s. He appeared in such television series as Seeing Things, Mr. Dressup, Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show, Night Visions, These Arms of Mine, Robson Arms, and MacGyver and on the Canadian game shows Acting Crazy and Talk About. He also hosted a cooking show on Channel M called Café m and was the "Live Eye Guy" for Citytv Vancouver's Breakfast Television.
He was nominated for several Jessie Awards for his theatre work, winning one for his one-man show Denis Anyone? He was also involved in charitable work with AIDS organizations and hosting local events.
He died on 22 October 2010 of a sudden brain hemorrhage approximately two weeks before his 60th birthday.
Filmography
Polka Dot Door (1978–mid-80s) TV series as the Host
Utilities (1981) as Twinkle Toes
Spasms (1983) as Abo Shaman
Sharon, Lois & Bram's Elephant Show as Denis Simpson (2 episodes, 1984–1986)
– Amusement Park (1984) TV episode as Denis Simpson
– Marathon (1986) TV episode as Denis Simpson
Comedy Factory as Angelo (2 episodes, 1985)
– Honey, It's the Mayor (1985) TV episode
– The Columnist (1985) TV episode as Angelo
Flying (1986) as Fred Stoner
Seeing Things as Eric (1 episode, 1986)
– I'm Dancing with Stars in My Eyes (1986) TV episode as Eric
The Vindicator (1986) as Joe Simpson
The Park Is Mine (1986) (TV) as Richie
MacGyver as Ginko (1 episode, 1990)
– The Lost Amadeus (1990) TV episode as Ginko
And the Sea Will Tell (1991) (TV) as Findlay
Born Too Soon (1993) (TV) as Jeff
These Arms of Mine (1999) TV series as Denis Simpson (unknown episodes)
Get Your Stuff (2000) as Neal
Soul Food as the Priest (1 episode, 2002)
– Let's Do It Again (2002) TV episode as the Priest
Night Visions as Bokor (1 episode, 2001)
– The Bokor (2001) TV episode as Bokor
Final Days of Planet Earth (2006) (TV) as the Chief Administrator
Flash Gordon (1 episode, 2007)
– Infestation (2007) TV episode
Robson Arms as the Minister (1 episode, 2008)
– My Brother's Keeper (2008) TV episode as the Minister
The True Heroines (2011) as Earl the Milkman
Cold Side of the Pillow (2017) as Father David
Theatre (selected)
The Full Monty, Horse (Patrick Street Productions)
"Nggrfg, director (Edmonton Fringe Festival)
Buddy, M.C. (Adam Henderson/Persephone Theatre)
Urinetown, Senator Fipp/Lead (Donna Spencer/Firehall Theatre)
Angels in America, Belize/Lead (Michael Fera/Hoars)
Driving Miss Daisy, Hoke Coleburn/Lead (Lawrie Selligman/MTC)
Ruthless, Sylvia St. Croix/Lead (David C. Jones/Ophidian Theatre Prod.)
From Berlin To Broadway, Lead (Johnna Wright/Waterfront Theatre)
I love you, You're Perfect, Now Change, Lead (Robert Metcalf/PPE)
Wang Dang Doodle, Lead (Rick Kish/The Grand Theatre, London, Ont.)
Daughter of the Regiment, Horentius (Michael Callaghan/Van. Opera Co.)
Dames at Sea, Lucky/Lead (Bill Millerd/Arts Club Theatre)
A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, Pseudolus (Bob Ainsley/Theatre London/Grand Theatre)
To Kill a Mockingbird, Reverend Sykes (Bob Baker/Citadel Theatre)
Master Harold & The Boys, Willie (Pacific Theatre)
Godspell, Jesus (Allen MacInnis/PTE)
Blowin' Growin'...Bowen, As Cast (Roy Surette/Arts Club Theatre)
Five Guys Named Moe, 4 Eyed Moe (Bill Millerd/Arts Club Theatre)
Angels in America, Belize (Gordon McCaul/Centaur Theatre)
The Relapse, Worthy (Susan Cox/Vancouver Playhouse)
Denis, Anyone?, One Man Show (Arts Club Theatre/Fringe Festival)
When The Rains Come, Chorus (Bill Millerd/Arts Club Theatre)
Blowin' on Bowen, Johnny Angel (Kim Selody/Arts Club Theatre)
Star Trick – The Musical, Spork (Vancouver Theatresports League)
Prelude To a Kiss, Taylor (Sherie Bie/Arts Club Theatre)
Lend Me a Tenor, Bellhop (Tom Kerr/Arts Club Theatre)
Robin Hood, Denis/Morris (David Tagouri/Citadel Theatre)
Head A Tete, Clown with Doll (Stephen Heatley/Citadel Theatre)
The Coloured Museum, Lead/Director (Donna Spencer/Firehall Theatre)
Ain't Misbehavin', Andre (Marlene Smith/Toronto Musical Production)
Jesus Christ Superstar, Simon (Broadway)
The Last Days of Judas Iscariot, Pontius Pilate (Pacific Theatre)
Thoroughly Modern Millie (Gateway Theatre)
References
External links
1950 births
2010 deaths
Male actors from Toronto
Black Canadian male actors
20th-century Black Canadian male singers
Canadian children's television personalities
Canadian male musical theatre actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian gay actors
Emigrants from British Jamaica to Canada
Canadian LGBT singers
Singers from Toronto
Canadian gay musicians
People from Saint Ann Parish
The Nylons members
Black Canadian LGBT people
20th-century Canadian LGBT people
21st-century Canadian LGBT people
Dora Mavor Moore Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Simpson |
The Joint Warfare Centre (JWC) is a NATO establishment headquartered in Stavanger, Norway.
It was established at Jåttå on 23 October 2003 as a subordinate command of Headquarters Supreme Allied Commander Transformation (HQ SACT). The purpose of this was to have a command with responsibility for training and exercise of the NATO headquarters. The old Joint Headquarters North (JHQ NORTH) was abolished and command transferred to the Allied Command Transformation (ACT) in Norfolk, Virginia, US.
Mission
The JWC provides NATO's training focal point for full spectrum joint operational level warfare.
The mission of the Joint Warfare Centre is to:
Provide operational level joint training in support of ongoing operations;
Conduct and supports collective training of joint and combined staffs of the NATO Command Structure (NCS) and NATO Force Structure (NFS) for Major Joint Operations (MJOs) and Small Joint Operations (SJOs), integrating NATO members' national capacities, regional security organizations' initiatives and Partnership for Peace (PfP);
Provide key leader training capability;
Support adherence to joint operational warfare doctrine and standards;
Assist the developmental and experimental work of Allied Command Transformation on new concepts, technologies, modeling and simulation;
Performs joint analysis, collects lessons learned and feeds them back into the transformational network through the Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre.
Commanders and Directors
The Commanders and Directors of the Joint Warfare Centre:
References
External links
Joint Warfare
Organisations based in Stavanger
NATO installations in Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20Warfare%20Centre |
Mark Caltonhill is a British translator and writer. He is the author of "Private Prayers and Public Parades - Exploring the Religious Life of Taipei".
Career
Caltonhill, who studied first botany and later Chinese, both at the University of Edinburgh, is a writer and performer, currently based in Taiwan, R.O.C.
Caltonhill is a frequent contributor to Taiwan's English-language newspapers (Taipei Times, Taiwan News, China Post), for the last he has been both a columnist, writing under the byline Jonathan Wardle a weekly column "View from the Hill" covering various cultural topics, and an unnamed leader writer, covering politics and current affairs.
He also writes for magazines such as Amcham's "Topics", Taipei City Government's "Discover Taipei", Tourism Bureau's "Travel In Taiwan" and various Government Information Office publications.
His English-language book "Private Prayers and Public Parades - Exploring the Religious Life of Taipei" was published in 2002 by the Department of Information, Taipei City Government. Subsequent publications cover museums and tourism, and a collection of poems and short fiction (see bibliography).
Caltonhill earlier worked as a comedian/juggler in Europe and Taiwan, appearing in Leofoo and other theme parks and on television. Since 2010 he has resumed his performance career, presenting stand up and comedy poetry, and most recently comedy songs. As a performer he is known as Mark Malarkey (English-language shows) and Hushuo Make (胡說馬克) (Chinese-language shows).
Bibliography
Private Prayers and Public Parades - Exploring the Religious Life of Taipei
Taipei Taipei Epiphanies : Exploring Taipei's Museums and Their Surrounding Cultural Hotspots, 2006, Co-writer
Malarkey's Amusement Park, 2008, Jiyue Publications, (poems and short fiction)
Michelin Green Guide—Taiwan, 2011, Co-writer
References
Taipei Times - Taiwan's religious past in the present
British translators
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Caltonhill |
Paul Frederick Hirsch (born November 14, 1945) is an American film editor with over 40 film credits since 1970, best known as one of the premier filmmakers to come out of the New Hollywood movement, collaborating with directors like Brian De Palma, George Lucas, George A. Romero, and Herbert Ross. He won an Academy Award and Saturn Award for his work on the original Star Wars, which he shared with Richard Chew and Marcia Lucas.
Life and career
A native of New York City, and son of painter Joseph Hirsch. His father was of German-Jewish descent. After graduating from Columbia in 1966, he began to pursue a career in editing. In the late 1960s, while editing trailers in NYC, he was introduced by his brother, Charles, to then unknown filmmaker Brian De Palma. Their collaboration has yielded eleven feature films.
In 1978, he won the Academy Award for Best Film Editing for his work on Star Wars, along with Richard Chew and Marcia Lucas. He was also the first person to win the Saturn Award for Best Editing twice, first for Star Wars in 1977 and then Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol in 2011.
He has edited over 35 feature films, including The Empire Strikes Back, Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Mission: Impossible, Planes, Trains and Automobiles, Footloose, Carrie, Falling Down, Phantom of the Paradise, Obsession, Blow Out, The Secret of My Success, Steel Magnolias and Ray, for which he received a second Academy Award nomination in 2005 and the American Cinema Editors' award for Best Edited Feature Film (Comedy or Musical). He has also worked with Duncan Jones on Source Code and Warcraft.
Hirsch rarely watches movies other than his own more than once. However, he cites that the musical An American in Paris and the science fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey are worthy of repeat viewing.
Filmography
As film editor
As additional editor
References
External links
Living people
American film editors
1945 births
Best Film Editing Academy Award winners
Columbia College (New York) alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Hirsch%20%28film%20editor%29 |
Milton Barnes may refer to:
Milton Barnes (actor), Canadian television and film actor
Milton Barnes (basketball) (born 1957), American basketball player
Milton Barnes (composer) (1931–2001), Canadian classical music composer
Milton Barnes (politician) (1830–1895), Ohio Secretary of State in the 1870s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton%20Barnes |
JWC may refer to:
Jaipur Watch Company, an Indian manufacturer of luxury wristwatches
John Witherspoon College, a non-denominational Christian liberal arts college in Rapid City, South Dakota
Joint Warfare Centre, a NATO establishment headquartered in Stavanger, Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JWC |
Kladow () is the southernmost district of the Borough of Spandau in Berlin, Germany.
Geography
Located approximately 17 Km from central Berlin (Charlottenburg), the district of Kladow is bordered by the District of Gatow to the north, by the Havel to the east and southeast and by the State of Brandenburg (partly Potsdam) to the west and south west. The neighbouring village of Sacrow and main part of Groß Glienicke are located in Brandenburg. With around 11,500 residents, Kladow has managed to keep its village character, even though it is a part of the German capital.
History
Kladow was first mentioned as Clodow in 1267, which makes it the oldest section of Spandau. Intensive settlement of what had previously been farming villages began in the early 19th century. At the border of Greater Berlin, Kladow was annexed into Spandau in 1920. Kladow has since 2003 contained part of the former airfield of RAF Gatow, which was, along with Tempelhof and Tegel, one of the three airports that made the Berlin Airlift possible.
Today, Kladow describes itself as a village in a city of millions. Buildings such as the Gut Neukladow (1800) and the Village Church (1818) date back to the 17th and 18th centuries, although there are also many new housing estates, such as the Finnenhaussiedlung erected in 1959/60. The newest housing estate in the area is the former Gatow Airport (most of which is again part of Kladow), known as the Landstadt for civil servants. With the opening of a new shopping center (The Cladow-Center), commercial activity has partially moved out from the village's center. Nevertheless, the area retains selection of stores and restaurants.
Transportation
Kladow is well connected to the rest of Berlin with the Berlin Metro system. It was connected by bus as early as 1924, and it is now possible to reach the city centre in around 45 minutes using the Express Bus Line (X34). In addition, the F10 ferry travels hourly between Kladow and Wannsee.
Potsdam is around 40 minutes away by bus or by ferry to Wannsee and then S-bahn.
Education
Education is provided in Kladow by a secondary school, the Hans-Carossa-Gymnasium; two primary schools, Grundschule am Ritterfeld and Mary-Poppins-Grundschule, and an independent Waldorf school, the Eugen Kolisko School.
See also
Groß Glienicker See
References
The information in this article is based on its German equivalent.
External links
Kladow page on www.berlin.de
Kladower Chronicle
Pictures of Kladow
Eugen Kolisko School
Localities of Berlin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kladow |
The Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) was an organization within the United States Department of Energy that had the primary responsibility for providing the US government and research community with global warming data and analysis as it pertains to energy issues. The CDIAC, and its subsidiary the World Data Center for Atmospheric Trace Gases, focused on obtaining, evaluating and distributing data related to climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.
CDIAC was founded in 1982 and was located within the Environmental Sciences Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. CDIAC closed September 30, 2017, and its data was distributed to a number of different repositories. The majority of the data was moved to the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Environmental System Science Data Infrastructure for a Virtual Ecosystem (ESS-DIVE) archive. The Oceanic Trace Gas data have been transitioned to the new Ocean Carbon Data System (OCADS) operated by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) at https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/. The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) data have been transitioned to Caltech (http://tccondata.org/). HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) data are transitioning to the NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory (https://www.eol.ucar.edu/data-software).
See also
Climate change in the United States
References
External links
Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
Energy in the United States
Greenhouse gas emissions in the United States
Oak Ridge National Laboratory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20Dioxide%20Information%20Analysis%20Center |
District 63 is a district in the Texas House of Representatives. It was created in the 5th legislature (1853-1855).
The district has been represented by Republican Ben Bumgarner since January 10, 2023, upon his initial election to the Texas House.
As a result of redistricting after the 2020 Federal census, from the 2022 elections the district encompasses southwestern, and portions of southeastern and south central, Denton County. Major cities in the district include the majority of Flower Mound, Lewisville, Roanoke, and Trophy Club, and a portion of Carrollton.
Elections
Representatives
References
External links
District 63 information
063
Denton County, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%27s%2063rd%20House%20of%20Representatives%20district |
Indian tribal police are police officers hired by Native American tribes. The largest tribal police agency is the Navajo Nation Police Department and the second largest is the Cherokee Nation Marshal Service.
History
In the early 1800s the Cherokee Nation established "regulating companies" with appointed regulators to combat horse theft and other crimes. On November 18, 1844, the Cherokee Nation established the first Lighthorse company, a unit of mounted tribal policemen referred to as Lighthorsemen. In 1820 the Choctaw Lighthorse was established. The Creek and Seminole tribes also established lighthorses before the "Five Civilized Tribes" lost their lands in the 19th century the lighthorses were disbanded.
In 1869 the US Indian Agent to the Sac and Fox and Iowa Tribes appointed American Indians as policemen. This is the first record of a federally sponsored Indian police force and was the first of the Indian Agency Police. Indian Agency Police were tasked with the enforcement of federal laws, treaty regulations, and law and order on Indian agency land. At the time very few tribes had tribal government, and therefore no tribal laws or police forces, thus the Indian Agents and their officers were often the only form of law enforcement in Indian Country.
Description
Tribal police historically had several different titles—sheriffs, constables, regulators, lighthorsemen —and today work closely with local, state, and federal police agencies.
See also
Aboriginal Police in Canada
Bureau of Indian Affairs Police
Indian agency police
United States Indian Police
References
Native American tribal police | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20tribal%20police |
Svein Roald Hansen (born 20 August 1949 in Fredrikstad) is a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party.
Before entering politics he worked as a journalist, later being editor-in-chief in Sarpsborg Arbeiderblad 1990–1992. During the second cabinet Brundtland, Hansen was appointed political advisor in the Office of the Prime Minister, having been the personal advisor of Brundtland from 1983. He later, during the third cabinet Brundtland, became a State Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister from 1992 to 1995.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Østfold in 2001, and has been re-elected on one occasion.
On the local level he was member of Borge municipal council from 1983 to 1993, then its successor municipality Fredrikstad from 1993 to 2007, serving as mayor from during the term 1995–1999.
He was the president of the Norwegian branch of the European Movement since 2003. In 2009 he was succeeded by Paal Frisvold.
References
1949 births
Living people
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
Mayors of places in Østfold
Politicians from Fredrikstad
Norwegian newspaper editors
Norwegian state secretaries
21st-century Norwegian politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svein%20Roald%20Hansen |
Charles W. Flanagan High School is a public high school in Pembroke Pines, Florida, United States. Opened in 1996, it was the first public high school in the city. Flanagan's enrollment is just under 2600.
Flanagan has a Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FSA) school grade of "A" for the 2016–2017 academic year.
History
The school was named after Charles W. Flanagan, a previous Pembroke Pines mayor.
The school mascot is a Falcon.
Notable alumni
Nick Turnbull, Former NFL player for Atlanta Falcons, Chicago Bears, Cincinnati Bengals.
Bridget Carey, CNET Senior Editor
Cary Williams, attended the school for two years - Cornerback, Tennessee Titans, Baltimore Ravensall, Philadelphia Eagles, Seattle Seahawks
Conroy Black, attended the school for two years - Cornerback, Oakland Raiders, Detroit Lions, Kansas City Chiefs. Named one of the fastest football players in the nation on the annual Heisman Pundit list.
Faion Hicks, Former University of Wisconsin Cornerback, current NFL player for the Denver Broncos
Conceited, battle rapper and Wild 'N Out cast member
J. D. Martinez, outfielder for the Boston Red Sox
Mike Napoli, first baseman who is currently a free agent
Jim Alers, Professional Mixed Martial Arts fighter for the Ultimate Fighting Championship
Alia Atkinson, Olympic swimmer representing Jamaica and two time world record holder.
Robert Love, author and Director of Engineering at Google
Ramiele Malubay, American Idol contestant, 2007
Eric Alejandro, representing Puerto Rico in the 2012 Olympics
Riley Reid, pornographic actress
Devin Bush, NFL linebacker
Josh Metellus, football player
Stanford Samuels III, football player
Lil Pump, rapper
Mark Vientos, baseball player for the New York Mets
References
External links
Broward County Public Schools
Educational institutions established in 1996
High schools in Broward County, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
Pembroke Pines, Florida
1996 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20W.%20Flanagan%20High%20School |
Geoff Charles Ogilvy (born 11 June 1977) is an Australian professional golfer. He won the 2006 U.S. Open and has also won three World Golf Championships.
Professional career
Ogilvy was born in Adelaide, South Australia, to an English-born father Mike and Australian mother Judy. He turned professional in May 1998 and he won a European Tour card at that year's Qualifying school. He played on the European Tour in 1999 and 2000, finishing 65th in his first season and improving to 48th in his second. He joined the U.S. based PGA Tour in 2001, and finished in the top 100 in each of his first five seasons. His first professional tournament win came in 2005 at the PGA Tour's Chrysler Classic of Tucson. In February 2006 he beat Davis Love III in the final of the 2006 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship.
Ogilvy won his first major championship at the 2006 U.S. Open, becoming the first Australian to win a men's golf major since Steve Elkington at the 1995 PGA Championship. Ogilvy finished his round with a champion's flourish, making improbable pars on each of the last two holes. He holed a 30-foot chip shot at the 17th, and then got up-and-down for par at the 18th, dropping a downhill six-footer for his final stroke as all his competitors collapsed around him. Phil Mickelson and Colin Montgomerie needed pars on the final hole to win, or bogeys to tie with Ogilvy, but they ruined their chances by producing double-bogey sixes to give Ogilvy a dramatic win. Jim Furyk needed par to force a playoff but bogeyed the final hole.
This success moved Ogilvy into the top ten of the Official World Golf Rankings for the first time, at Number 8. He reached his highest placing to date on 9 July 2006 when he was ranked Number 7, and he returned to that rank in February 2007 after finishing as runner-up to Henrik Stenson while defending his title at the 2007 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship. He has spent over 120 weeks in the top-10 of the rankings.
Ogilvy won the 2008 WGC-CA Championship, his second World Golf Championship title, by one shot shooting 17-under par. It was his first PGA Tour win since the 2006 U.S. Open. In his next start at the 2008 Shell Houston Open he finished tied for 2nd moving him up to number 5 in the Official World Golf Rankings. In late June 2008, he rose to 3rd in the rankings. In 2009 Ogilvy continued his success at the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship defeating Paul Casey. Ogilvy moved into second alone in World Golf Championship wins. This win brought him up to 4th in the Official World Golf Rankings.
In January 2010, Ogilvy won the SBS Championship, the opening event of the 2010 PGA Tour.
Ogilvy won the 2014 Barracuda Championship, a tournament that uses the modified Stableford scoring system, with a winning score of 49 points. It was his first victory in over 4 years.
Personal
Ogilvy and his wife Juli have three children.
Amateur wins
1995 Portsea Open Amateur
1996 German Amateur Open Championship
1997 Victorian Amateur Championship, Lake Macquarie Amateur
Professional wins (12)
PGA Tour wins (8)
PGA Tour playoff record (1–0)
European Tour wins (4)
PGA Tour of Australasia wins (2)
1Co-sanctioned by the OneAsia Tour
PGA Tour of Australasia playoff record (0–1)
Other wins (2)
1998 Tasmanian Open
2009 Telus World Skins Game
Major championships
Wins (1)
Results timeline
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Summary
Most consecutive cuts made – 11 (2003 PGA – 2007 U.S. Open)
Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (2005 Open Championship – 2005 PGA)
Results in The Players Championship
CUT = missed the halfway cut
WD = withdrew
"T" indicates a tie for a place
World Golf Championships
Wins (3)
Results timeline
Results not in chronological order prior to 2015.
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
"T" = tied
Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.
PGA Tour career summary
* Complete through the 2018 season.
Team appearances
Amateur
Nomura Cup (representing Australia): 1997
Bonallack Trophy (representing Asia/Pacific): 1998
Australian Men's Interstate Teams Matches (representing Victoria): 1995, 1996, 1997
Professional
Presidents Cup (International Team): 2007, 2009, 2011
See also
List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins
List of men's major championships winning golfers
2000 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
References
External links
Geoff Ogilvy player profile, Golf Australia
Geoff Ogilvy Foundation
Australian male golfers
PGA Tour of Australasia golfers
European Tour golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Winners of men's major golf championships
Sportspeople from Adelaide
Sportsmen from South Australia
Golfers from Scottsdale, Arizona
Golfers from San Diego
Australian people of English descent
Australian people of Scottish descent
1977 births
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff%20Ogilvy |
Bosta (English: The Autobus Arabic: Bosta — بوسطة) is a 2005 Lebanese film by the director Philippe Aractingi. Bosta is a story of young Lebanese artists who meet again, after being separated, and tour different cities of Lebanon in an old bus, performing a techno version of the dabkeh that shocks conservatives, but moves forward towards the future. Simon Emmerson and Martin Russell from the group, Afro Celt Sound System composed original music for the dabkeh (dance) sequences and composed the film's underscore respectively.
Quoting from the official site: Bosta is a road musical that takes the audience on a wonderful journey across various Lebanese regions... a journey accompanied by a groundbreaking soundtrack and, of course, this truly pioneering dance, the electro-dabkeh.
Bosta was the best selling film in Lebanon in 2006. The movie was submitted as the official Lebanese entry in the 79th Academy Awards (Oscars) in the Best Foreign Language Film category.
References
External links
Official website
Trailer of the movie
An edited suite of music from Martin Russell's underscore (streaming audio).
Dana Trometer Editing Website
2005 films
Lebanese war drama films
2000s Arabic-language films
2000s musical films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosta%20%28film%29 |
Marcos Aguinis (born 13 January 1935) is an Argentine writer. Trained in medical studies, music and psychoanalysis, his work and his thoughts are focused on the notions of independence, democracy and rejection of authoritarianism. He is a proponent of political liberalism, and participates in seminars and conferences from the Freedom Foundation organized by Mario Vargas Llosa. He is the father of business professor, researcher, and author Herman Aguinis.
Background
Aguinis was born in Cruz del Eje, Córdoba, Argentina on January 13, 1935. He is an author with extensive international training in literature, neurosurgery, psychoanalysis, the arts and history. "I have traveled the world, but I have also traveled across different professions." The son of Jewish immigrants, he was seven years old when the news came that the Nazis had killed his grandfather and the rest of his family that had remained in Europe. He describes this as the foundational moment of his life, and one that ultimately drove him to write in an effort to close that wound, to repair the "broken mechanism of humanity".
He published his first book in 1963, and since then he has written fourteen novels, seventeen essay collections, four short story collections, and two biographies. Most of them have become bestsellers and have generated enthusiasm and controversy. Mr. Aguinis was the first author outside of Spain to receive the prestigious Planeta Award for his book "La Cruz Invertida" and his bestselling novel "Against the Inquisition (La Gesta del Marrano)" has been translated to several languages and praised by Nobel Prize Laureate Mario Vargas Llosa as a "stirring song of freedom". He has written articles on a wide variety of topics for Latin American, U.S. and European newspapers and magazines. Marcos Aguinis has given hundreds of lectures and seminars at educational, artistic, scientific and political organizations in Germany, Spain, the United States, Israel, Russia, Italy and practically every Latin American country.
When democracy was reinstated in Argentina in December 1983, Marcos Aguinis was designated Vice-secretary and, eventually, Secretary of Culture; in this capacity, he sponsored the renowned "cultural renaissance" that inspired the country at the time. He created the National Program for Democratization of Culture (PRONDEC), sponsored by UNESCO and the United Nations. Mr. Aguinis promoted strong actions towards participation activities aimed at raising individual awareness of the rights, duties and potentialities that a true democracy fosters. His work was recognized with two nominations for the UNESCO Education for Peace Award.
In the field of human rights, he risked his life by courageously addressing controversial issues. During the last dictatorship, the circulation of his books was restricted, but some of them were successfully smuggled. Many of his readers admire his prophetic vision of the Arab-Israeli conflict, the internal struggles within the Catholic Church, the authoritarian political trends, and the resurgence of ethnic and religious fundamentalism.
Marcos Aguinis, has received, among others, the Premio Planeta (Spain), Fernando Jeno Award (Mexico), Meritorious Award for Culture of the Academy of Arts and Communication Sciences, National Award for Sociology, Hispanic Literature and Culture Institute of California Award (USA), National Book Award, Argentina Society of Writers Honor Award, Pranavananda Swami Award, the Annual Silver Plaque EFE Agency for his contribution to the strengthening of Latin American culture and language, Esteban Echeverría Award (Free People), J. Award B. Alberdi (Hispanic American Center for Economic Research) and was appointed by France Chevalier of Arts and Letters. He was awarded the title of Doctor Honoris Causa of Tel Aviv University (2002), the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (2010) and he was named a Distinguished Writer in Residence at the American University in Washington, D.C. and Public Policy Scholar by the Wilson Center (Washington, USA). In 1995 Argentina's Writers Society conferred on him the Grand Prize of Honor for his work.
Full bibliography
Short stories
Operation Siesta (1977)
And the Fruitful Branch(1986)
Importance by Contact (1986)
All the Stories (1995)
Biographies
Maimónides (1963)
The Perpetual Battle (1971)
Novels
Refugees: A Palestinian's Chronicle (1969)
The Inverted Cross (1970)
Cantata of the Devils (1972)
A Conspiracy of Idiots (1978)
Defilement of Love (1978)
Against the Inquisition (1991) - (In English: Amazon Publishing 2018)
The Fount of Hell(1997)
The Enlightened Ones (2000)
Assault on Paradise (2002)
The Passion according to Carmela (2008) (In English: Amazon Publishing 2018)
The Young Liova (2011)
Evita's Fury (2013)
Sabra, Alone against an Empire (2014)
The Novel of my Life (2016)
Populism's Mistress (2022)
Essays
Letter to a hopeful General (1983)
The Courage of Writing (1985)
Argentina: A Fantastic Country (1988)
Memories of Sowing Time (1990)
Guilt: A Eulogy (1993)
New Hopeful Letter to a General (1996)
Dialogues about Argentina and the End of the Millennium (1996)
New Dialogues (1998)
The Atrocious Charm of Being Argentine (2001)
The Coachman (2001)
Doubts and Certainties (2001)
Net of Hate (2003)
What to Do? Fundamentals for the Argentinean Renaissance (2005)
The Atrocious Charm of Being Argentine 2 (2007)
My Poor Country! (2009)*
Pleasure: A Eulogy (2010)
Ideas on Fire (2017)
Books About Marcos Aguinis
López-Calvo, Ignacio . Religion and Militarism in Marcos Aguinis's Work 1963-2000. New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 2002
The Literary Saga of Marcos Aguinis. Ensayos Críticos. Ed. Juana Alcira Arancibia. Costa Rica: Perro Azul, 1998.
References
External links
Marcos Aguinis Official Website
Marcos Aguinis books in English
Marcos Aguinis books in Spanish
Marcos Aguinis books in German
Marcos Aguinis books in Japanese
Marcos Aguinis books in Portuguese
Marcos Aguinis books in Hebrew
Marcos Aguinis books in Chinese
1935 births
20th-century Sephardi Jews
Argentine Sephardi Jews
Living people
People from Río Cuarto, Córdoba
20th-century Argentine Jews
Argentine people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Argentine people of Moldovan-Jewish descent
National University of Córdoba alumni
Argentine essayists
Male essayists
Argentine male writers
Argentine psychiatrists
Jewish Argentine writers
Ministers of Culture of Argentina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcos%20Aguinis |
May Hansen (born 8 May 1953) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party.
Born in Fredrikstad, Hansen was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Østfold in 2001, and has been re-elected on one occasion.
On the local level she was a member of the executive committee of Moss municipal council from 1991 to 2003. From 1989 to 1993 she was a member of Østfold county council.
Outside politics she worked as a midwife.
External links
1953 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
Østfold politicians
Politicians from Fredrikstad
Norwegian midwives
Women members of the Storting
21st-century Norwegian politicians
21st-century Norwegian women politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May%20Hansen |
Matty Pattison (born 27 October 1986) is a South African former soccer player and current head of youth development at Whickham.
Early life
Pattison, who was born in Johannesburg, began to play soccer at an early age. He and his family then moved to England in 1997, when he was eleven years old. He joined Newcastle Youth Academy at the age of fourteen.
Club career
Newcastle United
He got his first taste of senior soccer in a pre-season friendly match against Celtic in August 2004. Unfortunately, Pattison was put on the sideline for the whole 2004–05 season with two knee ligament injuries that threatened to end his career. However, he showed his resilience and made his competitive first team debut on 25 February 2006 in a Premier League match against Everton, coming on as a substitute. Pattison made his first start for the club later in the same season against West Bromwich Albion, before being substituted after 80 minutes. Pattison was later named man of the match for the impressive contribution he made during the 3–0 win.
Norwich City
Pattison joined Norwich City for a short loan period in November 2007, following ex-manager Glenn Roeder. After making 10 appearances and impressing, the deal was made permanent once the transfer window opened on 4 January 2008 for an undisclosed fee, on a three and a half-year contract. In a bizarre incident, it was reported on 19 March, that Pattison had been arrested by police after being caught not only drink-driving, but doing so whilst only wearing underwear.
However it was revealed during his resulting court case that he was fully clothed at the time of his arrest.
Pattison did not score during his first year with Norwich City, despite striking the goal frame on a number of occasions. His first goal finally came in the 2–1 win at Nottingham Forest on 22 November 2008, and was quickly followed up with another against Crystal Palace three days later. He then scored the second goal against local rivals Ipswich Town on 7 December to take his tally to three in four games.
Mamelodi Sundowns
On 3 August 2009 Pattison was reported by South African media to be leaving Norwich to play in South Africa, either for Mamelodi Sundowns or Orlando Pirates. On 6 August Pattison returned to his native South Africa to join Mamelodi Sundowns for an undisclosed fee in hope of breaking into the South African national team for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa.
Matty was on trial at Championship side Leeds United and had scored two goals in two friendly games, putting in some hard working performances in his quest to secure a permanent move back to English soccer. Leeds saw Matty as a potential solution to their midfield problems following the sale of Jonny Howson. On 27 January 2012 Leeds United Manager Simon Grayson said he would not be offering Matty a deal at the club. Matty also had a trial with Scottish club Hibernian in January 2012 but eventually, he signed a six-month deal with Engen Santos on 31 January 2012.
On 1 May 2012, Matty departed from Santos prior to the expiration of the contract. After parting ways with Santos, on 3 June 2012, it was announced that Matty would join South African club Bidvest Wits.
Gateshead
On 3 October 2014, Pattison signed for Conference Premier club Gateshead until the end of the 2014–15 season, subject to international clearance. He made his debut on 11 October in a 1–1 draw with Forest Green Rovers. He scored his first goal for Gateshead on 11 November in a 3–3 draw with Lincoln City. After two seasons with the club, Pattison was released by Gateshead in May 2016.
South Shields
On 24 May 2017, Pattison signed for Northern League club South Shields on a free transfer from Blyth Spartans.
Whickham
At the beginning of the 2018–19 season, the former South African International moved to Whickham and was named manager in November 2019.
Return to Gateshead
After leaving Whickham in February 2020, Pattison was added to the first team squad at Gateshead, where he had been named Academy Coach whilst at Whickham.
Dunston UTS
On 19th August 2021, Pattison signed for Northern Premier League Division One East club Dunston UTS. He made his debut on 21 August coming off of the bench against Newcastle Benfield in a 2-1 win in the FA Cup preliminary round.
Pattison made his final appearance for Dunston UTS after a substitute appearance in a 2-2 draw against Bamber Bridge in the FA Trophy third qualifying round, on 30th October 2021.
On 20th November 2021, Matty Pattison announced his decision to end his playing career in soccer.
International career
Although having been called up to the senior squad several times, Pattison was first capped for South Africa off the bench against the US in November 2010. Pattison was selected for the nation's 2010 FIFA World Cup 29-man squad for a training camp in Durban from 15 to 28 January 2010, playing in an unofficial friendly match against Swaziland.
Pattison came off the bench to win his second cap against Kenya in February 2011. He was later called up as a late replacement for the injured Jabulani Shongwe in the 2014 African Nations Championship. He came off the bench against Mozambique on 11 January to win his third cap
Non-playing career
On 17 January 2022, Pattison was announced as a lead coach for i2i Soccer Academy.
On 8 June 2022, Pattison was also announced as head of youth development at Whickham FC.
Awards
Nedbank Cup Player of the Tournament: 2010
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20090822023350/http://www.football365.co.za/player/0,25236,14311_180855,00.html
1986 births
Living people
Soccer players from Johannesburg
South African people of English descent
White South African people
Men's association football midfielders
South African men's soccer players
South African expatriate men's soccer players
South African expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Newcastle United F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
Mamelodi Sundowns F.C. players
Santos F.C. (South Africa) players
Bidvest Wits F.C. players
Gateshead F.C. players
Blyth Spartans A.F.C. players
South Shields F.C. players
Whickham F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Northern Premier League players
Northern Football League players
South Africa men's international soccer players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matty%20Pattison |
Central Neo-Aramaic languages represent a specific group of Neo-Aramaic languages, that is designated as Central in reference to its geographical position between Western Neo-Aramaic and other Eastern Aramaic groups. Its linguistic homeland is located in northern parts of the historical region of Syria (modern southeastern Turkey and northeastern Syria). The group includes the Turoyo language as a spoken language of the Tur Abdin region and various groups in diaspora, and Mlahsô language that is recently extinct as a spoken language.
Within Aramaic studies, several alternative groupings of Neo-Aramaic languages had been proposed by different researchers, and some of those groupings have used the term Central Neo-Aramaic in a wider meaning, including the widest scope, referring to all Neo-Aramaic languages except for Western Neo-Aramaic and Neo-Mandaic.
Definition
The narrower definition of the term "Central Neo-Aramaic languages" includes only the Turoyo and Mlahsô languages, while the wider definition also includes the Northeastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) group. In an attempt to avoid confusion, the narrower group is sometimes referred to as Northwestern Neo-Aramaic, and when combined with NENA it is called Northern Neo-Aramaic.
Both languages that are belonging to this group are termed as Syriac (ܣܘܪܝܝܐ Sūryoyo), and refer to the classical language as either Edessan (ܐܘܪܗܝܐ Ūrhoyo) or Literary (ܟܬܒܢܝܐ Kthobonoyo). The latter name is particularly used for the revived Classical Syriac.
Region
The smaller Central, or Northwestern, varieties of Neo-Aramaic are spoken by Assyrian Christians traditionally living in the Tur Abdin area of southeastern Turkey and areas around it. Turoyo itself is the closely related group of dialects spoken in Tur Abdin, while Mlahsô is an extinct language once spoken to the north, in Diyarbakır Province.
Other related languages all seem to now be extinct without record. A large number of speakers of these languages have moved to al-Jazira in Syria, particularly the towns of Qamishli and al Hasakah. A number of Turoyo speakers are found in diaspora, with a particularly prominent community in Sweden.
History
The Central Neo-Aramaic languages have a dual heritage. Most immediately, they have grown out of Eastern Aramaic colloquial varieties that were spoken in the Tur Abdin region and the surrounding plains for a thousand years. However, they have been influenced by Classical Syriac, which itself was the variety of Eastern Aramaic spoken farther west, in the Osroenian city of Edessa. Perhaps the proximity of Central Neo-Aramaic to Edessa, and the closeness of their parent languages, meant that they bear a greater similarity to the classical language than do Northeastern Neo-Aramaic varieties.
However, a clearly separate evolution can be seen in Turoyo and Mlahsô. Mlahsô is grammatically similar to the classical language, and continued to use a similar tense-aspect system to it. However, Mlahsô developed a distinctively clipped phonological palette and systematically turns /θ/→/s/. On the other hand, Turoyo has a quite similar phonology to Classical Syriac, yet it has developed a radically different grammar, sharing similar features with NENA varieties.
First modern studies of Central Neo-Aramaic dialects were initiated during the 19th century, and by the beginning of the 20th century some attempts were made to expand the use of vernacular (Turoyo) into the literary sphere, still dominated by the prolonged use of Classical Syriac among educated adherents of the Syriac Orthodox Church. That development was interrupted by the breakout of the First World War (1914-1918) and the atrocities committed during Seyfo (genocide) against various Aramaic-speaking communities, including those in the Tur Abdin region. Displacement of local Christian communities from their native regions created several new groups of Turoyo speakers throughout diaspora. Those events had a long-lasting impact on future development of Turoyo-speaking communities, affecting all spheres of their life, including culture, language and literature.
See also
References
Sources
Eastern Aramaic languages
Languages of Kurdistan
Neo-Aramaic languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20Neo-Aramaic |
Inga Marte Thorkildsen (born 2 July 1976) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party (SV). She served as Minister of Children and Equality from 2012 to 2013.
Career
Growing up in Stokke, she was elected to the Norwegian Parliament representing Vestfold in 2001. She served as Minister of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion from 2012 to 2013 when Stoltenberg's cabinet resigned. She lost her seat in the 2013 election.
Thorkildsen went on to serve in the Oslo city council cabinet following the 2015 local election. She first served as commissioner for the elderly, health and labour from 2015 to 2017, before being appointed commissioner for knowledge and education. She resigned her position on 19 October 2021, citing that she wanted to take a break and figure out what she wanted to do next.
She received the Rights Prize (Rettighetsprisen) in 2018 for her work combating domestic violence.
On 15 February 2022, Thorkildsen asked the city council to take leave, stating that she was expecting to leave politics for good.
Parliamentary Committee duties
2005 – 2009 member of the Standing Committee on Health and Care Services.
2001 – 2005 deputy member of the Electoral Committee.
2001 – 2005 member of the Standing Committee on Justice.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
People from Stokke
Vestfold politicians
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
Women members of the Storting
Ministers of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion of Norway
21st-century Norwegian politicians
21st-century Norwegian women politicians
Women government ministers of Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inga%20Marte%20Thorkildsen |
Geddes () is a small village located 5 km to the south of Nairn, in the Highland council area of Scotland.
Geddes House
Geddes House was built by William Mackintosh who made a fortune in India and in 1822 the estate passed to second William Mackintosh who made further improvements and alterations.
Wildlife
The area's woods and open fields are home to many types of birds, including Buzzards and Eagles. One of the reasons the population is so high may be because the Forestry Commission and local farmers own most of the land. Unlike traditional estates, they have no interest in poisoning the local bird populations. The area also supports Deer, Fox, Badger and Mole populations. Some of the forested land is used for shooting and Pheasant breeding by private owners but is open to the public when not in use.
Employment
The village is located in a traditionally agricultural area surrounded by farming land. This may change as Nairn and Inverness expand possibly consuming the area with infill from the two towns. Most people of working age commute elsewhere to work but the Geddes Fishery employs a small number of local people. A high percentage of the people in the area are not of working age and are either retired or semi-retired.
Footnotes
Populated places in the County of Nairn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geddes%2C%20Highland |
North Toowoomba was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland. It was created with the 1950 redistribution and removed by the 1960 redistribution.
The seat was based on the City of Toowoomba.
The sitting member, John Duggan, successfully stood for election in the new seat of Toowoomba West in the 1960 election.
Members for North Toowoomba
See also
Historical Seats of Toowoomba
Electoral districts of Queensland
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly by year
:Category:Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly by name
References
Darling Downs
Toowoomba
North Toowoomba
1950 establishments in Australia
1960 disestablishments in Australia
Constituencies established in 1950
Constituencies disestablished in 1960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20North%20Toowoomba |
No Time for Sergeants is a 1954 best-selling novel by Mac Hyman, which was adapted into a teleplay on The United States Steel Hour, a popular Broadway play and 1958 motion picture, as well as a 1964 television series. The book chronicles the misadventures of a country bumpkin named Will Stockdale who is drafted into the U.S. Army during World War II and assigned to the U.S. Army Air Forces. Hyman was in the Army Air Forces during World War II when it was part of the U.S. Army.
Adaptations in other media
Ira Levin adapted Hyman's novel for a one-hour teleplay that appeared as an episode on The United States Steel Hour television series in 1955. An expanded version appeared on Broadway at the Alvin Theatre later that year. In 1958, a film version was released.
Television adaptation (1955)
Ira Levin's adaptation of the novel appeared live on 15 March 1955 on The United States Steel Hour, a television anthology series. It starred Andy Griffith as Will Stockdale, Harry Clark as his nemesis and inadvertent mentor Sergeant Orville King, Robert Emhardt, Eddie Le Roy, and Alexander Clark. The kinescope recording of the broadcast is available.
Broadway play
An expanded version of the play, written by Ira Levin, opened on Broadway at the Alvin Theatre on October 20, 1955, produced by Maurice Evans and directed by Morton DaCosta. Griffith reprised his role, Myron McCormick played Sgt. King, Roddy McDowell played Will's army buddy Ben, and Don Knotts made his Broadway debut as Corporal Manual Dexterity. Scenic designer Peter Larkin won a Tony Award in 1956, and Andy Griffith was nominated for a Tony for Best Featured Actor. The play ran for a total of 796 performances, closing on September 14, 1957.
Motion picture
See No Time for Sergeants (1958 film)
No Time for Sergeants was filmed and released by Warner Bros. in 1958. The film was directed by Mervyn LeRoy and starred Griffith, McCormick, Knotts, and most of the rest of the original Broadway cast. Warner Brothers contract stars Nick Adams as Stockdale's fellow draftee Benjamin B. Whitledge and Murray Hamilton as Irving S. Blanchard joined the cast.
Television series
No Time for Sergeants came to the small screen in Fall 1964. By this point, Griffith and Knotts were both established as stars of The Andy Griffith Show and were no longer available. The television series No Time for Sergeants starred Sammy Jackson who had had one line in the film version.
When Jackson read that Warner Brothers was going to produce a television sitcom version of No Time for Sergeants, he wrote directly to Jack L. Warner, stating that he was the best choice for the role and asked Warner to watch a certain episode of the series Maverick as proof. Ten days later, Jackson was told to come to the studio to test for the role. Jackson won the role over several actors, including the better known Will Hutchins, a Warner Brothers Television contract star who formerly played the sympathetic Sugarfoot and had been in the No Time for Sergeants film.
Unlike Jim Nabors' Gomer Pyle (of the Andy Griffith Show spin off of the same name, inspired by No Time for Sergeants), Jackson's Stockdale was not unintelligent. He possessed a considerable amount of common sense gained from experience, which he frequently brought to bear during the run of the series.
His knowledge of farming leads him to give a better image interpretation analysis of an aerial photograph than Air Force Intelligence.
The Air Force attempts to demonstrate the efficiency of its survival training by pitting an Air Force survival trained group against an untrained group including Stockdale in the wilderness. Stockdale, with his backwoods knowledge, takes charge and gives his party a comfortable time similar to being in a resort, while the trained group barely survives.
Stockdale accepts latrine details as challenges rather than punishments and impresses the drill sergeant by how well he cleans the latrine.
Stockdale demonstrates another more appealing quality over Gomer Pyle when he unflinchingly takes punches to his stomach from a karate expert with a smile and a good-natured lecture to his assailant until Stockdale ends his lecture by knocking the karate expert through a window.
Stockdale has no reservations about drinking alcohol. However, the drill sergeant's attempts at getting him drunk fail, with the implication that Stockdale has built up a tolerance for alcohol from a lifetime of drinking moonshine whiskey.
An unusual episode, "Two Aces in a Hole", resembled the 1964's films Dr Strangelove and Fail Safe (displaying nuclear destruction wrought by the US Air Force) combined with a black comedy parody of the hypnosis of The Manchurian Candidate. Stockdale and his friend Ben witness a stage hypnotist's show (played by Pat Collins "The Hip Hypnotist") from backstage and are accidentally hypnotized to respond to code words that will turn them into World War II bomber pilots or revert them to their own selves. Under the effects of hypnosis, the two airmen appropriate a bomber loaded with weapons, with which they attempt to nuke the now-friendly Germans.
Part of the William T. Orr-produced stable of Warner Bros. Television programs, the series was produced by George Burns's production company. It preceded Burns' own Wendy and Me sitcom (which starred Burns and Connie Stevens) on ABC's Monday night schedule. However, opposite The Andy Griffith Show, the series headlined by the original star of all the earlier versions of No Time For Sergeants, it was trounced in the ratings and only lasted one season. It was shown in the UK on ITV from 1965 to 1969.
Andy Clyde, formerly of The Real McCoys, had a supporting role in the television series as Grandpa Jim Anderson. Ann McCrea, while appearing as a regular on The Donna Reed Show, was cast as Amelia Taggert in the 1964 episode "O Krupnick, My Krupnick".
Episode list
Comics
A Dell Four Color Issue 914 comic book version of this story, illustrated by Alex Toth and published in July 1958, follows the movie's narrative. Three follow up issues in the 1960s tied into the short-lived TV series that starred Sammy Jackson.
Greg Theakston's Pure Imagination released The Alex Toth Reader, v2 in 2005. The art has been reproduced from the originals by a process that has been come to be known as Theakstonization, a process by which the original comics have the color leached out, leaving only the black and white line art, which then is reproduced to appear exactly as it did at the time of original publication. One of the stories offered is the original movie adaptation.
References
External links
No Time for Sergeants Original Broadway cast
No Time for Sergeants at the Internet Broadway Database
Milehigh Comics No Time for Sergeants (comic series)
The Alex Toth Reader V.2 , which has the original art for the above movie adaptation. The art has been restored by Greg Theakston.
The Alex Toth fans home page
1954 American novels
American Broadcasting Company original programming
1964 American television series debuts
1965 American television series endings
Black-and-white American television shows
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
Military comedy television series
Dell Comics titles
Military humor
Plays by Ira Levin
1955 plays
Films directed by Mervyn LeRoy
Random House books
Novels set during World War II
Aviation television series
American novels adapted into plays
American novels adapted into television shows
American novels adapted into films
Novels adapted into comics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Time%20for%20Sergeants |
Glenn Morshower (born April 24, 1959) is an American actor and inspirational speaker. He is best known for playing Secret Service Agent Aaron Pierce in 24 and Colonel (later General) Sharp Morshower in the Transformers film series. Morshower's Aaron Pierce was the only character (other than Jack Bauer) to appear in each of the first seven seasons of 24. He has appeared in many feature films and television series.
Early life and family
Morshower was born in Dallas, Texas. He was raised Jewish, studied with a Jehovah's Witness, went to a Religious Science church, and taught at a Baptist church. Morshower and his wife Carolyn have two children.
Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
Inspirational seminars
Since the late 1980s, Morshower has been a speaker at seminars. His speaking career began with his audition mastery course, The Extra Mile, which he took across the country on the advice of his agent. In the early 2000s, Morshower's speeches to actors about auditioning led to an invitation to speak at Exxon, and more seminars followed. Morshower prefers to describe his talk as "inspirational" rather than "motivational", and has said that he enjoys giving these speeches even more than acting.
References
External links
Living people
American Jews
American male film actors
American male television actors
Male actors from Dallas
21st-century American male actors
20th-century American male actors
1959 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn%20Morshower |
Lena Jensen (born 29 January 1973 in Tromsø) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party (SV). She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Troms in 2001.
She served as a member of the Tromsø municipality council from 1995 to 2001.
Parliamentary Committee duties
2005–2009: member of the Standing Committee on Education, Research and Church Affairs
2005–2009: deputy member of the Electoral Committee
2001–2005: member of the Standing Committee on Education, Research and Church Affairs
External links
1973 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
Women members of the Storting
Politicians from Tromsø
21st-century Norwegian politicians
21st-century Norwegian women politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lena%20Jensen |
Rock Action is the third studio album by Scottish post-rock band Mogwai. The album was produced by Dave Fridmann of Mercury Rev in New York.
Overview
Rock Action brought with it some changes to Mogwai's sound that they would continue to develop later, including the use of electronic instruments. While song structures on this album are typical of the band in most cases and respects, some of the contrasting dynamics have been toned down slightly and many of the songs focus more on texture than on structure. For the first time, Mogwai utilised synthesizers, expanding their timbral palette. The tone of Rock Action is somewhat less dark than previous works, but maintains Mogwai's cryptic cynicism.
The single "Dial: Revenge" features Welsh vocals from Gruff Rhys of Super Furry Animals. Rhys has said of the song title: "I think (Mogwai) were into me writing in Welsh, because they're an instrumental band and they wanted a singer who would be just sounds for most people. Back then, people were still using payphones. When you take a payphone off the hook, on the LCD screen it flashes 'DIAL'. But in Welsh, dial – pronounced 'dee-al' – means revenge. It puts you in a weird place when you're making a phone call. So the song was about that." The song "2 "Rights Make 1 Wrong" was originally titled "Banjo".
The photographs that make up the artwork for the album were taken in a bar in Glasgow called Nice 'n' Sleazy. When the inside cover is unfolded, part of the logo for Mwng, an album by Super Furry Animals released the previous year, can be seen.
In 2009, Rock Action was awarded a gold certification from the Independent Music Companies Association, which indicated sales of at least 100,000 copies throughout Europe.
Track listing
Personnel
Mogwai
Dominic Aitchison – bass
Stuart Braithwaite – guitar, vocals
Martin Bulloch – drums
Barry Burns – guitar, keyboard, vocoder
John Cummings – guitar, piano
Additional musicians
David Pajo – backing vocals on "Take Me Somewhere Nice"
Gruff Rhys – vocals on "Dial: Revenge", backing vocals on "2 Rights Make 1 Wrong"
The Remote Viewer – programming and banjo on "2 Rights Make 1 Wrong"
Willie Campbell – backing vocals on "2 Rights Make 1 Wrong"
Charlie Clark – backing vocals on "2 Rights Make 1 Wrong"
Gary Lightbody – backing vocals on "2 Rights Make 1 Wrong"
Michael Brawley – strings and horns on "Take Me Somewhere Nice" and "2 Rights Make 1 Wrong"
Dave Fridmann – strings and horns on "Dial: Revenge" and "Secret Pint"
Production
Dave Fridmann – production, mixing, recording
Tony Doogan – recording
Willie Deans – engineering (assistant, at CaVa Studios)
Bill Racine – engineering (assistant, at Sorcerer Sound Studios)
Vella Design – design, art
Steve Gullick – photography
Charts
References
2001 albums
Mogwai albums
Matador Records albums
Albums produced by Dave Fridmann
Albums recorded at Tarbox Road Studios | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%20Action%20%28album%29 |
Dalteparin is a low molecular weight heparin. It is marketed as Fragmin. Like other low molecular weight heparins, dalteparin is used for prophylaxis or treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism to reduce the risk of a stroke or heart attack. Dalteparin acts by potentiating the activity of antithrombin III, inhibiting formation of both Factor Xa and thrombin. It is normally administered by self-injection.
The CLOT study, published in 2003, showed that in patients with malignancy and acute venous thromboembolism (VTE), dalteparin was more effective than warfarin in reducing the risk of recurrent embolic events. Dalteparin is not superior to unfractionated heparin in preventing blood clots.
Heparins are cleared by the kidneys, but studies have shown that dalteparin does not accumulate even if kidney function is reduced. Approximately 70% of dalteparin is excreted through kidneys based on animal studies.
In May 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Fragmin injection to reduce the recurrence of symptomatic VTE in pediatric patients one month of age and older. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
References
External links
Heparins
Pfizer brands
Polysaccharides | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalteparin%20sodium |
Puylaurens (; ) is a commune in the Tarn department in southern France. The poet Suzon de Terson was born here in 1657.
See also
Communes of the Tarn department
References
Communes of Tarn (department) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puylaurens |
Nicole Randall Johnson (born December 9, 1973) is an American actress, writer and producer. Johnson is most notable for her membership in the recurring cast of performers on the sketch comedy series MADtv.
Biography
Johnson was born in Los Angeles, California, United States, North America. When she turned seven, Johnson's family left LA, and she split the rest of her time growing up in Phoenix, Arizona, and later, Portland, Oregon. She attended the University of Arizona, where she majored in theatre. While pursuing her degree, she performed in a number of dramatic plays and was a member of the school's sketch and improv group, Comedy Corner.
After college, Johnson moved back to Los Angeles and began studying at The Groundlings School and Theatre, whose alumni include fellow MADtv cast members Phil LaMarr, Michael McDonald, and Daniele Gaither. She became a member of the school's Sunday Company, where she wrote and performed for a year before becoming a Series Regular on the acclaimed Bravo comedy series Significant Others.
Johnson has had recurring roles on Key & Peele, Reno 911!, and Andy Barker, P.I.. A few of her other television credits include guest-starring roles on Single Parents, Prime Suspect, Weeds, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Monk, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, The Shield, Hannah Montana, and Hot in Cleveland.
Johnson has had supporting roles in such films as In Her Shoes (2005), The 40 Year Old Virgin (2005), Transformers (2007), Role Models (2008), and Murder Mystery (2019).
MADtv
Johnson joined the cast of MADtv in 2005 as a feature performer and writer in the show's eleventh season. She became the third black female cast member in the show's history (Debra Wilson and Daniele Gaither were the first two respectively). She was promoted to repertory status for the show's twelfth season. Frequently recurring characters include Ka-Son and Darell, while her impersonations include Condoleezza Rice, Oprah Winfrey, Queen Latifah and Randy Jackson.
Original Characters
Ka-son: A customer service rep who gets in verbal confrontations with unruly customers. Her many jobs include: Komkast Kable phone rep, 1-800-Gifts-and-Flowers phone rep, Nightclub Door-Person and TSA Airport Security.
Darell: A man who relentlessly asks women for their phone number. The character is exceptionally recognized as one of the most popular characters on the show.
Celebrity impersonations
Oprah Winfrey
Queen Latifah
Chris Rock
Condoleezza Rice
Randy Jackson
Star Jones
Tyra Banks
Beyoncé Knowles (as Deena Jones from Dreamgirls)
Chandra Wilson (as Dr. Miranda Bailey from Grey's Anatomy)
Eddie Murphy (as Mama Klump from The Nutty Professor)
Isabel Sanford (as Louise Jefferson from The Jeffersons)
Mo'Nique
New York
Filmography
Film/Movie
Television
Commercial Spokesperson Campaigns
Sierra Mist - In 2006, the lemon-lime flavored soft-drink line Sierra Mist by PepsiCo hired Johnson to join five other comedic performers—Michael Ian Black, Tracy Morgan, Jim Gaffigan, Guillermo Diaz, and Eliza Coupe—to portray the Sierra Mist comedy team, the Mist Takes, in a nationwide, multi-spot television ad campaign. Three commercials from the campaign, “Karate”, “Combover” and “Hospital Beds” debuted during Super Bowl XLI in 2007.
DriveTime - In 2013, auto financing company DriveTime hired Johnson, along with comedienne/actress Katie Crown, for a "DriveTime Girls" ad campaign, each actress portraying one half of a comically eccentric duo of mobile credit approval agents "rescuing" potential car buyers rejected for financing by other auto dealers.
References
External links
1973 births
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from California
African-American actresses
American film actresses
American television actresses
American women comedians
Living people
University of Arizona alumni
American sketch comedians
Comedians from California
21st-century American comedians
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole%20Randall%20Johnson |
A cost of funds index or COFI is a regional average of interest expenses incurred by financial institutions, which in turn is used as a base for calculating variable rate loans. The interest rate on an adjustable rate mortgage, for example, is often linked to a regional COFI specified in the particular loan documents. COFIs, in turn, are usually calculated by a self-regulatory agency like Federal Home Loan Banks. In California, for example, many home mortgage loans are indexed to the Federal Home Loan Bank of San Francisco. Interest rates on COFI loans and mortgages tend to fluctuate more slowly than variable-rate loans linked to other indexes. An index used to determine interest rate changes for some adjustable-rate mortgages. The 11th District Cost of Funds Index was first introduced in December 1982. It is a National Monthly Median Cost of Funds defined as interest (dividends) paid or accrued on deposits for Western American Financial Institutions. It is calculated on the last day of the month.
Personal finance
cost of funds
interest expanded/average of current and previous years deposit plus borrowings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost%20of%20funds%20index |
Kawaii Kon is an anime convention geared towards Japanese animation and comics held in the Honolulu area.
Programming
Kawaii Kon currently has AMV and anime screenings; industry, fan, and guest panels; Hall Cosplay contests, Masquerade/Cosplay Competitions, Art Shows, Artist Alley Contests, Concerts, Dances, and Karaoke, along with Video and Role Playing games, autographs, and a Dealer's Room.
History
Kawaii Kon was founded by Gamers Evolution Expo, LLC., a company started by Stan Dahlin, Marlon Stodghill and Scott Richardson. Dahlin is a Hawaii native himself, who was at the time based out of Atlanta, Georgia. As for why they decided to bring an anime convention to Hawaii, taken from the website: "Being a transplanted local boy living far away from home for a better part of a decade or more, I'm very proud to be hosting this show in my home state. You ask why? A number of reasons but to simply state it.... I love anime!"
Kawaii Kon was the first anime convention to be held in Hawaii. Local support for the convention by fans in the event's first year resulted in a surprising attendance level that surpassed the staff's expectations. Kawaii Kon 2020 was moved from May to August due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and was later cancelled. Comic Con Honolulu and Kawaii Kon were going to combine for the August 2020 event, until it was cancelled. Kawaii Kon 2021 was moved from April to November due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and was also later cancelled. Kawaii Kon held an online event on May 29-30, 2021. Comic Con Honolulu and Kawaii Kon combined for the 2022 event.
Event history
Pictures
References
External links
Kawaii Kon Website
Anime conventions in the United States
Recurring events established in 2005
2005 establishments in Hawaii
Annual events in Hawaii
Festivals in Hawaii
Culture of Honolulu
Japanese-American culture in Honolulu
Tourist attractions in Honolulu
Conventions in Hawaii | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawaii%20Kon |
Space Truckers is a 1996 science fiction comedy film directed by Stuart Gordon and starring Dennis Hopper, Stephen Dorff, Debi Mazar and Charles Dance. It was filmed at Ardmore Studios, County Wicklow, Ireland.
The story concerns John Canyon, one of the last independent space transport entrepreneurs. Bad times have forced him to carry suspicious cargo to Earth without asking questions. During the flight, the cargo turns out to be a multitude of virtually unstoppable killer robots.
Plot
At a corporation's base on the Neptunian moon Triton, mercenaries are setting up a defense perimeter to try to hold off an unstoppable cyborg warrior. The company's CEO E.J. Saggs and chief scientist Dr. Nabel seal themselves inside the control room. The cyborg destroys the soldiers' tank and then attacks a helicopter, which crashes into the control room. The soldiers are killed one by one, until Nabel finally deactivates the cyborg with a remote control. The remaining corporate employees discover that the cyborg was created by Nabel for the company. Saggs takes the remote and reactivates the cyborg, ordering it to kill Nabel.
Meanwhile, John Canyon, one of the last independent "space truckers", drops off his cargo of square pigs at a "truck stop" space station, but becomes embroiled in a brawl with the trucking company head, Keller, who is sucked out into space. He and his two passengers—Cindy, a waitress who has promised to marry him in exchange for a ride to Earth to see her mother, and Mike, an up-and-coming trucker working for the company—take on a deal to transport alleged sex dolls to Earth. Chased by police investigating Keller's death, John takes his rig into the "scum zone", a region controlled by pirates. The rig takes damage, leaving them adrift; they are soon captured by the pirate ship Regalia, commanded by the company-hating Captain Macanudo. Cindy agrees to have sex with him if he would take the cargo and let them go.
The captain is revealed to be Nabel, who rebuilt his grievously injured body and went into piracy as revenge against Saggs for betraying him. The cargo that John's rig is carrying is in fact a full supply of the cyborg warriors Nabel designed and built for Saggs' company. One of the cyborgs activates, kills most of the crew, and severely damages the ship. John, Cindy and Mike take their rig and escape as the Regalia explodes. As they make their way back to Earth, John and Mike find a mortally wounded Macanudo in the hold, who reveals the true nature of the cargo to them. John releases Cindy from any obligation of marrying him, and tells her and Mike to take the escape pod while he releases the cargo in the atmosphere, where it will burn up on re-entry. Cindy and Mike land safely, but the rig is unable to return to space and explodes in the sky; however, John is able to safely escape before the explosion.
John, Cindy and Mike go to the hospital to see Cindy's mother, who became sick twenty years earlier and was frozen until a cure was found; John is smitten with her at first sight. Meanwhile, Saggs—now President of Earth after the government was privatized—visits John, Cindy and Mike in the hospital, where he offers John a new rig and gives the trio a suitcase full of money to keep them quiet about his cyborg invasion plan. John agrees to the deal, but Mike angrily throws the suitcase out the window. Below, Saggs re-enters his presidential limousine; having planted a bomb in the suitcase, he triggers the detonator just as the suitcase lands on his limousine's roof, killing him. With Saggs dead and Earth safe, Mike, Cindy, John and Cindy's mother blast off in their brand new rig.
Cast
Dennis Hopper as John Canyon
Debi Mazar as Cindy
Stephen Dorff as Mike Pucci
Charles Dance as Dr. Nabel / Captain Macanudo
George Wendt as Keller
Vernon Wells as Mr. Cutt
Barbara Crampton as Carol
Shane Rimmer as Commander E.J. Saggs
Olwen Fouéré as Building Commander
Pat Laffan as "Scummy"
Birdy Sweeney as "Mr. Zesty"
Sandra Dickinson as "Bitchin' Betty"
Graeme Wilkinson as Jackie
Sean Lawlor as Mel
Production
The film was inspired by writers Stuart Gordon and Ted Mann's boyhood love of space exploration as well as exploring how little would ultimately change with colonization of other planets with mankind encountering "the same old corporate greed, graft and corruption everyone thought they left behind on earth...". Charles Dance accepted the role "for the sheer fun of it." Calling it one of the most entertaining scripts he'd been offered in years and relishing the opportunity to play inherently silly material completely straight.
The film was shot in Ireland to exploit tax breaks and local resources, but there were no special effects facilities in Ireland to produce the elaborate effects work needed for the production The 22,000 acre premises of a disused builders' merchant on the Sandyford industrial estate, located outside Dublin, to be taken over and converted into a vast special effects facility headed by visual effects supervisors Brian Johnson and Paul Gentry, who needed to hire scores of model makers, plasterers, carpenters, motion-control camera operators and others as well as supply them with the needed resources.
The film was also involved in a defamation suit between Dennis Hopper and Rip Torn where Hopper publicly stated Torn pulled a knife on him on the set of Easy Rider back in the 1960s. Hopper's representatives tried to settle the defamation suit by floating the offer of a supporting role in Space Truckers, which Torn's representatives refused.
Reception
Space Truckers was poorly received by critics, with the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes rating the film at 15%, based on 13 reviews. It was also a box office bomb, earning less than $2 million against a $25+ million budget, partly due to the fact that despite festival play, it never received a United States theatrical release, instead being solicited directly to cable television and home video instead.
Other reviews
Empire June 1997 p. 46 (UK) review (by Kim Newman)
Film Review June 1997 p. 21 (UK) review (by James Cameron-Wilson)
Total Film June 1997 p. 100 (UK) review (by Anthony Brown)
SFX May 1998 p. 109, 110 (by Sarah Mainprize).
SFX December 1997 p. 98, 99 (by Guy Haley).
SFX June 1997 p. 79 (by Anthony Brown).
References
External links
Space Truckers w/Jason O'Mara Jasonomara.net
1996 films
1990s science fiction comedy-drama films
1990s road comedy-drama films
1990s satirical films
British road comedy-drama films
British satirical films
British science fiction comedy-drama films
American science fiction comedy-drama films
American road comedy-drama films
American satirical films
American space adventure films
English-language Irish films
1990s English-language films
Films directed by Stuart Gordon
Films shot in the Republic of Ireland
Films scored by Colin Towns
Films set on spacecraft
Trucker films
Cyborg films
Fiction set on Triton (moon)
1990s American films
1990s British films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Truckers |
Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing is a play by Canadian writer Tomson Highway (Cree), which premiered in 1989 at Theatre Passe-Muraille in Toronto.
Character List
Nanabush (playing the spirit of Gazelle Nataways, Patsy Pegahmagahbow, and Black Lady Halked): A mythical and spiritual creature that possesses the female characters.
Zachary Jeremiah Keeschigeesik: He is the main character and is having a nightmare that Nanabush put on him. He fears coming home to his wife after waking up on Big Joey's couch with Big Joey's girlfriend but ends up waking up from the nightmare on his own couch with his wife and child.
Hera Keechigeesik: Zachary's wife
Big Joey: Is a warrior for the rez. He denies being the father to Dickie Bird Halked. His violence is supposed to be against the oppressive white systems but instead his violence is more against the other Natives of the rez. He witnesses Dickie Bird sexually assault Patsy but refuses to intervene, or let Creature intervene. His reason for letting Patsy be assaulted is that he hates women (page 120).
Dickie Bird Halked: The illigitimate child of Big Joey. He was born in a bar and suffers from fetal alcohol syndrome; he is unable to talk. He sexually assaults Patsy with a crucifix, and kills her unborn baby.
Pierre St. Pierre: The Rez bootlegger
Spooky Lacroix: He has an obsession with Christianity. Throughout the play, he encourages his old friends to join his religion. He also frowns upon cursing and drinking
Simon Starblanket: He is struggling with self-realization because he lost his belief in spirituality and tradition. His girlfriend is pregnant. He intends to go to South Dakota because of the Native suppression.
Creature: Big Joey's side kick. He almost always takes Big Joey's side because he is in love with him.
Plot summary
Set in the fictional Wasaychigan Hill reserve in Northern Ontario, Dry Lips is a companion piece to Highway's earlier play The Rez Sisters. The Rez Sisters focused on seven women from the community; Dry Lips, whose original working title was The Rez Brothers, is about seven men. It is written in a mix of English, Cree, and Ojibway. It tells the story of life on the Wasaychigan Hill Indian Reserve and the men on the reserve as well.
The men talk about their plans; Big Joey wants to get a radio show, Zachary wants to open a bakery while Pierre St. Pierre got a new job as a referee for the women's hockey games. Nanabush is a trickster; she can change shape and gender, enact the men's phobias and fantasies about women and also shows the misogynistic attitudes of the men in the play. Each character has their own story within the bigger picture.
The play's original cast included Gary Farmer, Billy Merasty and Graham Greene. Highway's brother René and musician Carlos del Junco were also involved in the production.
In 2010, Highway also staged Paasteewitoon Kaapooskaysing Tageespichit, a Cree language version of the play.
Awards
Dora Mavor Moore Awards, 1989
Outstanding New Play (Thomson Highway)
Outstanding Production (Theatre Passe Muraille and Native Earth Performing Arts Inc.)
Outstanding Performance by a Male in a Leading Role (Graham Greene)
Outstanding Performance by a Female in a Featured Role (Doris Linklater)
Floyd S. Chalmers Canadian Play Award, 1989
Governor General's Literary Award (shortlisted in English Drama)
Bibliography
Djubal, Clay."Strategies of Subversion: An Examination of Tomson Highway's The Rez Sisters and its Appropriation of Sonata Form" The University of Queensland, 1998. Includes an analysis of Dry Lips. (Retrieved 31 January 2014).
External links
Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing at playwrights.ca
Script for Dry Lips Oughta Move to Kapuskasing at playwrights.ca
References
Plays by Tomson Highway
1989 plays
Northern Ontario in fiction
Plays set in Canada
Dora Mavor Moore Award-winning plays | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry%20Lips%20Oughta%20Move%20to%20Kapuskasing |
Ingvild Vaggen Malvik (born 3 April 1971 in Trondheim) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party (SV). She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Sør-Trøndelag in 2001. She failed to get re-elected in 2005, but meets in the place of Øystein Djupedal, who was appointed to a government position.
Parliamentary Presidium duties
2001–2005 secretary in the Lagting.
Parliamentary Committee duties
2005–2009 member of the Standing Committee on Business and Industry.
2001–2005 member of the Standing Committee on Energy and the Environment.
2001–2005 deputy member of the Electoral Committee.
External links
1971 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
Women members of the Storting
21st-century Norwegian politicians
21st-century Norwegian women politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingvild%20Vaggen%20Malvik |
Madidi () is a national park at the upper Amazon river basin in Bolivia. Established in 1995, the park has an area of 18,958km². Along with the nearby protected (though not necessarily contiguous) areas Manuripi-Heath, Apolobamba, and the Manu Biosphere Reserve (Peru), Madidi is part of one of the largest protected areas in the world.
Ranging from the Andes Mountains to the rainforests of the Tuichi River, Madidi is recognized as the world's most biologically diverse national park. In particular, Madidi extends to protect parts of the Bolivian Yungas and Bolivian montane dry forests ecoregions.
Madidi National Park is accessible from San Buenaventura by crossing the Beni River via passenger ferry from Rurrenabaque.
The local people who have migrated here from the Andean highlands speak the Quechua language. The park is home to indigenous groups including the Tacanan-speaking Tacana and Ese Ejja, the closely related Tsimané and Mosetén, and the voluntarily isolated Toromona.
Some ecolodges are found in and around the Madidi National Park. The oldest and best known is Chalalan Ecolodge in Chalalán on the Tuichi River, a community-based enterprise that generates economic benefits for indigenous communities.
Location
The National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area Madidi is located in the northwest region of the Department of La Paz, in the provinces Franz Tamayo, Iturralde and Abel Bautista Saavedra. The municipalities involved are Apolo, San Buenaventura, Ixiamas, Curva, and Pelechuco.
The park is bordered to the west by the adjacent Tambopata-Candamo Reserve and Bahuaja-Sonene National Park in Peru, to the east by the TCO (Tierra Comunitaria de Origen, 'indigenous community land') Tacana I, to the north by TCO Tacana II, and to the south by the Apolobamba Integrated Management Natural Area, TCO Lecos Apolo, TCO Lecos Larecaja and the Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Communal Lands.
The PN and IMNA Madidi is one of the largest protected areas in Bolivia, with a total land area according to the Supreme Decree constituting 18957.5 square kilometers, of which 12,715km² comes under the heading of National Park and 6,242.5km² are categorized under the Integrated Management Natural Area.
The park boundaries are between 12° 30' and 14° 44' southern latitude and between 67° 30' and 69° 51' western longitude.
The area under conservation covers an altitudinal gradient ranging from 180 to 5,760 meters above sea level and covers a variety of ecosystems.
Weather
The climate is cold in the alpine region, temperate in areas of intermediate elevation, and tropical in the northern lowlands.
The winds come predominantly from the north, and cold fronts from the south have little impact on the temperature of the Madidi region. The dry season coincides with the austral winter. The average annual temperature is 26 °C but varies greatly, depending on the altitude. Isotemas
According to data from Assane (2002), in the region of Apollo the annual rainfall is 716mm; the rainy season is from October to March, and the dry season is from May to September.Isoyetas
Flora
Madidi National Park hosts more than 8,000 documented species of vascular plants, with the likelihood of many more being discovered.
The Madidi Project of the Missouri Botanical Garden had identified at least 132 new plant species in Madidi as of 2010.
Wildlife
Dr. Robert Wallace, wildlife biologist, is credited for discovering a previously unidentified titi monkey, a new species to science, in Madidi. This monkey is endemic to the area. The right to name the new species was auctioned through an agreement between the scientists, the Bolivian National Protected Area Service (SERNAP), and the Foundation for the Development of the Protected Areas (FUNDESNAP). The auction was won by online casino GoldenPalace.com, which paid US$650,000 for a trust fund that now generates enough income to pay for fourteen park guards annually. The species was named Plecturocebus aureipalatii with the specific epithet meaning "of the Golden Palace.” The park is also notable for being home to over 1,254 bird species, representing 14% of the world’s 9,000 bird species.
In addition to the biodiversity found on its land, there is also a rich and varied life found here in the water.
(undescribed species not included)
Mammals: 272 species
Birds: 1,254 species
Fish: 496 species
Amphibians: 213 species
Reptiles: 204 species
Insects: Madidi has over 120,000 different species of insects.
Ecotourism
National Park and Natural Integrated Management Area Madidi is home to several ventures of Responsible Tourism and Community Ecotourism, one of the most recognized locally and internationally is Chalalan Ecolodge, owned by the indigenous people of San José de Uchupiamonas. Followed by San Miguel del Bala Ecolodge owned San Miguel Tacana community, both located in the Madidi National Park. Recently there were opened other local initiatives as Berraco del Madidi Amazon adventure tour, Madidi Jungle Ecolodge, Sadiri Ecolodge and Ecolodge Madidi heart.
Chalalan Ecolodge is a community ecotourism venture that belongs to the indigenous village of San José de Uchupiamonas, which receives the profits from running the hostel, besides contributing in other areas such as health and education. Chalalan operates since 1999 offering tours to the Madidi National Park. The tourism product includes transportation from Rurrenabaque to the hostel on a tour of the Beni and Tuichi rivers, cabin accommodation Tacana style rooms with private bathrooms, international fusion cuisine - English Amazon and guidance for indigenous community who speak Quechua, Spanish and they are trained and certified. Chalalan has a system of solar panels that feed the hostel with clean energy and has a system of solid waste management and wastewater treatment to reduce its environmental impact. The hostel has 9 cabins located in the vicinity of Lake Chalalan, which has taken the name for the hostel. Chalalan has 30 km of environmental interpretation trails, paddle canoes to get around the lagoon, a large gazebo and a dining room that also has a social area. The average stay is 4 days and 3 nights.
Sadiri Lodge
Sadiri Lodge was born as an alternative proposal for protection against extractive and deforestation activities that threaten the existence of this rich, diverse natural area and water reservoir, through responsible and non-profit community tourism that also promotes the local development of the communities. Currently, Sadiri Lodge is managed and administered by community members of the San José De Uchupiamonas Indigenous People, a community that is located in the heart of the most mega-diverse protected area in the world, Madidi. The main goal of Sadiri Lodge is to preserve the 34 thousand hectares of pristine forest, natural water reservoirs, and creatures of the living Bolivian jungle.
The mission of Sadiri Lodge is to protect the forest whose exuberant natural wealth creates a refuge for the species that inhabit the place. Within the area that Sadiri guards, there are more than 430 species of birds, this being an indicator of the natural importance of the area, which translates into the diversity of reptiles, insects, amphibians and magnificent species of flora that adorn the environment such as bromeliads and orchids. In addition, being a forest at 900 meters above sea level, it has a pleasant climate, housing different species of monkeys, whose morning chorus awakens the forest, and the little ones delight with their shrieks and jumps from tree to tree. But the melodic sounds are offered by the birds, making the jungle a naturally symphonic theatre. Not to mention the spectacle of the hummingbirds that flutter in the environment, and the most colorful insects and butterflies, among others. All of them are skilfully identified by the expert local Uchupiamonas guides, who use their ancestral knowledge of the forest, with animal calling techniques, their eyes and ears, complemented with stories of their culture, making an unforgettable and life-learning experience for those who visit Sadiri Lodge.
Berraco Madidi Amazon adventure tour is a private initiative of a member of the indigenous community Quechua-Tacana José de Uchupiamonas, located in the Madidi National Park and Natural Area of Integrated Management. The idea arose in 2007 and became a reality in 2010, with great enthusiasm and a lot of experience gained over many years as a guide. It is operated 100% by the population of the community in order to generate jobs and benefits to it. The camps (Ecocamp) is surrounded in the same territory as the community (210 thousand hectares), the Ecocamp is 6 hours away by boat outboard motor, it is the deepest in the Madidi National Park and has cabins built traditionally Quechua-Takana style using the same natural resources.
Madidi Jungle Ecolodge, which has been open to visitors in mid-2011, is a 100% local initiative, operated by indigenous families of the TCO San José de Uchupiamonas, which comprises 210 hectares of forest within the Madidi National Park, region Amazon of Bolivia. The Ecolodge is located 3.5 hours away by motor boat sailing upstream the Beni and Tuichi rivers in the Madidi National Park and has a capacity to accommodate 14 visitors in traditional Amazonian style cabins.
The enterprises of Responsible Tourism and Ecotourism settled within the Madidi National Park, comfortable boats offer transportation, unique accommodation, the best local guides and interpreters exquisite and delicious homemade food prepared on the basis of local products. Rurrenabaque is beginning to live this unforgettable adventure ecotourism by visiting the Bolivian Amazon.
The Bala Dam Project
One of the threats against the Madidi NP has been (and perhaps still is) the proposed Bala Dam Project at the Beni River in the Bala Gorge, where the Beni River breaks through the Bala Mountain Range.
The proposed hydroelectric dam project has a long history, and the project (and its threats against the nature in the area) was especially relevant in the year 1998. After some years the project apparently was given up, but the idea has come up again in 2007.
The dam would cause the flooding of a huge area, about 2000 square kilometres, including a great part of the Madidi NP, and the catastrophic consequences are evident.
Potential dam failures and dam break would have catastrophic consequences. Numerical simulation suggests that the whole area would be flooded for several days.
The Apolo-Ixiamas road project
Another of the main threats against Madidi is the proposed construction of the Apolo-Ixiamas road. This is an old demand from some local politicians and communities from the Altiplano, who want to colonize the park for timber and agriculture exploitation. However, independent studies from the NGO Conservation Strategy Fund have shown that this project is not a good development alternative for the region (Fleck et al., 2006a, 2006b). The project is economically unfeasible and would induce significant deforestation within the protected area (Fleck et al., 2006b).
Environmental losses caused by the road project could threaten current and future conservation and tourism activities in this protected area, which generate significant economic benefits to the region (Fleck et al., 2006a; Malki et al., 2007). Alternative investments such as improving the road that connects Apolo to La Paz (Peñarrieta & Fleck, 2007) and directing the road investment towards social investments such as health and education (Fleck et al., 2006b) have greater prospects of improving local quality of life while maintaining the important environmental services provided by Madidi.
See also
Madidi River
Chalalan
The National Geographic Magazine, March 2000; Vol. 197, No.3, page 2-23
Serere Eco Reserve Traveller Reviews on Trip on Trip Advisor in Rurrenabaque Madidi Mosaic, Bolivia
References
Fleck, L. C., Amend, M., Painter, L., Reid, J. (2006a). Regional economic benefits from conservation: the case of Madidi. Serie Técnica No. 5. Conservation Strategy Fund, Bolivia. 82 p..
Fleck, L. C., Painter, L., Reid, J., Amend, M. (2006b). A road through Madidi: an environmental-economic analysis. Serie Técnica No. 6. Conservation Strategy Fund, Bolivia. 100 p..
Malky, A., Pastor, C,Limaco, A., Mamani, G., Limaco, Z., Fleck, L. C. (2007). El efecto Chalalán: Un ejercicio de valoración económica para una empresa comunitaria. Serie Técnica No. 13. Conservation Strategy Fund, Bolivia. 74 p..
Peñarrieta, L., Fleck, L. C. (2007). Beneficios y costos del mejoramiento de la carretera Charazani - Apolo. Serie Técnica No. 14. Conservation Strategy Fund, Bolivia. 76 p..
External links
Servicio Nacional de Áreas Protegidas, SERNAP: The Madidi National Park - El Parque Nacional Madidi: Official website
Regional economic benefits from conservation: the case of Madidi
A road through Madidi: an environmental-economic analysis
El efecto Chalalán: Un ejercicio de valoración económica para una empresa comunitaria
Beneficios y costos del mejoramiento de la carretera Charazani - Apolo
Madidi.de, in three languages, "Projekt Regenzeit e.V." (Cf. *Urwaldprojekte.de)
How Does WCS Protect Madidi? (Wildlife Conservation Society).
Madidi National Park and IMNA - Park Profile, ParksWatch.org
Madidi photos, Photo gallery of landscape, flora and fauna of Madidi National Park
Bolivian Conservationist Calls for Preservation of Madidi Region, One of the Most Biodiverse Areas of World video by Democracy Now!
See also
Panthera onca boliviensis
National parks of Bolivia
Tourist attractions in La Paz Department (Bolivia)
Geography of La Paz Department (Bolivia)
Protected areas established in 1995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madidi%20National%20Park |
Rough Mix is an album by the Who's guitarist Pete Townshend and former Small Faces and Faces bassist Ronnie Lane. The album was released in September 1977 as Polydor 2442 in the UK and MCA 2295 in the US. It peaked at number 44 on the UK album chart, and at number 45 on the Billboard 200.
Content
On 21 October 1976, the Who closed a brief North American tour in Toronto at Maple Leaf Gardens, a show that would be the last with Keith Moon before a paying audience. The Who then took a hiatus as band members pursued various individual interests.
Pete Townshend had been initially contacted by Ronnie Lane to produce his next album. The project instead turned into a full-blown collaboration between the pair. Lane expressed an interest in a songwriting collaboration but Townshend, who has very rarely co-written songs, was unwilling. The instrumental title track is credited to both musicians, however.
During the recording of Rough Mix, Lane's multiple sclerosis was diagnosed but still not revealed generally. In one instance, Lane had an emotional issue related to his MS that caused an argument between him and an unknowing Townshend. Nonetheless Lane toured, wrote and recorded (with Eric Clapton among others) and in 1979 released another album, See Me, which features several songs written by Lane and Clapton. Around this time Lane travelled the highways and byways of England and lived a 'passing show' modern nomadic life in full Gypsy traveller costume and accommodation.
The album featured songs written by both principals in a vein less like that of the Who or Faces but instead close to the British folk rock vogue of the early 1970s among various English bands. The band on the track "Annie" comprised members of Lane's Slim Chance group, which played in that very style. A number of more famous colleagues also appeared on the recording, among them Who bassist John Entwistle, Ian Stewart and Charlie Watts from The Rolling Stones, and Eric Clapton. Orchestral arrangements for the track "Street in the City" were provided by Townshend's father-in-law, noted British film and television theme composer Edwin Astley.
Rough Mix was remastered in 2006 and released by Hip-O Records, the reissue label for the Universal Music Group, in both 5.1 surround sound format on Dualdisc and standard stereo compact disc. The reissue featured three outtakes as bonus tracks.
Critical reception
The Village Voice critic Robert Christgau wrote in his review of the album: "Meher Baba inspired psalmody so plain and sharply observed, maybe he was all reet after all. Three of Townshend's contributions—'Keep Me Turning,' 'Misunderstood,' and an unlikely song of adoration called 'My Baby Gives It Away'—are his keenest in years, and while Lane's evocations of the passing scene are more poignant on his Island import, One for the Road, 'Annie' is a suitably modest folk classic. Together, the two disciples prove that charity needn't be sentimental, detachment cold, nor peace boring. Selah."
Track listing
Side one
Side two
Personnel
Ronnie Lane and Pete Townshend – vocals, guitars, mandolins, bass guitars, banjos, ukuleles
Charlie Hart – violin on "Annie"
John Entwistle – horns on "Heart to Hang Onto" ; vocal help on "Till the Rivers All Run Dry"
Mel Collins – saxophones on "Catmelody"
Peter Hope Evans – harmonica on "Nowhere to Run" and "Misunderstood"
Benny Gallagher – accordion on "Annie"
John "Rabbit" Bundrick – organ, Fender Rhodes on "Nowhere to Run", "Rough Mix", "Keep Me Turning" and "Heart to Hang Onto"
Ian Stewart – piano on "Catmelody"
Eric Clapton – electric guitar on "Rough Mix"; acoustic guitar on "Annie"; Dobro on "April Fool" and "Till the Rivers All Run Dry"
Graham Lyle – twelve-string guitar on "Annie"
Dave Markee – double bass on "Annie" and "April Fool"
Boz Burrell – bass guitar on "Heart to Hang Onto" and "Till the Rivers All Run Dry"
Henry Spinetti – drums on "Nowhere to Run", "Rough Mix", "Keep Me Turning", "Heart to Hang Onto" and "Till the Rivers All Run Dry"
Charlie Watts – drums on "My Baby Gives It Away" and "Catmelody"
Julian Diggle – percussion on "Misunderstood"
Billy Nicholls – vocal help on "Till the Rivers All Run Dry"
Edwin Astley – orchestrations on "Street in the City"
Tony Gilbert – orchestral leader on "Street in the City"
Charles Vorsanger – principal second violin on "Street in the City"
Steve Shingles – principal viola on "Street in the City"
Chris Green – principal cello on "Street in the City"
Chris Laurence – principal bass on "Street in the City"
Charts
References
External links
Pete Townshend Solo Albums
1977 albums
Pete Townshend albums
Ronnie Lane albums
Albums produced by Glyn Johns
Collaborative albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rough%20Mix |
NET Canada is the Canadian branch of NET Ministries also simply known as NET, an acronym for National Evangelization Teams. NET itself is a Roman Catholic Christian organization dedicated to spreading the Gospel to youth. NET Canada defines itself as committed to following Christ who is its inspiration and Guide. To this end, members of NET are committed to discernment and a moral life in accord with the clear teaching of Scripture and Magisterium of the Roman Catholic Church. NET's mission is to evangelize young Catholics, reaching them through retreats and parish ministry. The goal is to challenge these young Catholics to love Christ and embrace the life of the Church.
How NET Spreads the Gospel
NET identifies four ways to achieve its goal:
By proclaiming of the Gospel through members' witness of faith and a missionary lifestyle.
By inviting young people to personally encounter Christ and live for Him.
By forming young people in Christian character through the study and practice of the faith.
By equipping youth workers and young adults with ministry skills for youth evangelization.
Beginnings
NET Ministries was founded in the United States and is based in Saint Paul, Minnesota in the diocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis. NET's roots go back to the St. Paul Catholic Youth Center (CYC) which offered a variety of programs from 1939 to 1989.
In 1980 NET's founder, Mark Berchem, through CYC organized eighteen high school youth retreats around southern Minnesota. Young adults traveled in a van giving these retreats over a three-week period in January. The following January three teams of youth were sent to Winona, Minnesota, Fargo, North Dakota, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota. In 1981 these missions extended to a full year commitment. In 1982 the acronym NET (standing for National Evangelization Team) became name of this movement, inspired by Mark 1:17 and Luke 5:4.
CYC closed in 1989 and NET was incorporated as a nonprofit corporation under the Archbishop of St. Paul and Minneapolis. In 1988 NET teams first travelled and gave retreats in Canada. In 1994, the sister organization, NET Ministries of Canada, was established by James Mikulasik and came under the ecclesiastical vigilance of the archbishop of Ottawa.
In August 2001, along with traveling retreat teams, NET Canada started a parish-based program in which a team of young adults minister in a parish instead of travelling. NET Canada helped establish NET Ireland as an autonomous organization. NET Ministries of Canada is governed by a Board of directors currently made up of ten members.
Work
NET Canada's evangelical efforts span across Canada, and Ireland, as well as working closely with NET USA and NET Australia. In a year NET Canada leads over 300 retreats in 32 dioceses across Canada from British Columbia to Newfoundland. NET team members will pray with hundreds of host families and will minister to 25,000 youth in Canada. Since 1994 NET Canada has proclaimed the Gospel to over 160,000 youth.
NET Canada follows the school year. From December to August young adults (ages 18–30) apply to be on a NET team by filling out an application, obtaining two references and arranging an interview. The young adults who are accepted will commit to being trained and serving NET from mid-August to June. Retreats are scheduled from October to May.
A travelling team will lead from 120 to 150 retreats each year. These young adults travel in (depending on the team) one or two vans, living with host families with only one suitcase and one backpack of personal effects. NET retreats are offered for youth from grades 6 to 12. Volunteer contacts within each diocese or parish liaise with the NET office to book teams for retreats and select retreat themes and formats.
Discipleship ministry are the parish-based teams who minister in a parish or region. These are generally teams of eight. In eight months they establish a youth ministry program and train youth leaders from the community to continue the program after they leave.
Finances
NET Canada's financial support comes from three sources:
One third of the cost of mission is covered through the applicants' personal fund raising effort. These applicants are aided in their fund raising by the NET office.
One third of the cost is covered by retreat fees and parish fees.
One third of the cost is from general fund raising conducted by NET staff.
See also
Catholic spirituality
Fellowship of Catholic University Students
Life Teen
Universal call to holiness
Vocational Discernment in the Catholic Church
World Youth Day
Catholic lay organisations
Catholic youth organizations
Child-related organizations in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NET%20Ministries%20of%20Canada |
Javier Iruretagoyena Amiano (born 1 April 1948), Irureta for short, is a Spanish retired football attacking midfielder and manager.
He had a distinguished playing career with Atlético Madrid and Athletic Bilbao, playing in 344 La Liga games for both teams combined and scoring 70 goals.
Irureta managed several Spanish top flight clubs, most notably Deportivo. He was the only person to have coached both the two major Galician (Deportivo and Celta) and Basque (Athletic and Real Sociedad) sides.
Playing career
Atlético Madrid
Irureta was born in Irun, Gipuzkoa, making his senior debut for local Real Unión in 1965. Two years later he helped them reach the second division play-offs, before joining Atlético Madrid later that year. During his time at the club he was part of a team that won two La Liga titles and a Copa del Rey, playing alongside the likes of Adelardo, Luis Aragonés and José Eulogio Gárate.
The Colchoneros also reached the European Cup final in 1974, but after the winners, FC Bayern Munich, declined to participate in the Intercontinental Cup, they were invited as runners-up: facing Club Atlético Independiente of Argentina the side won 2–1 on aggregate, with Irureta scoring one of the goals in the 2–0 second-leg home victory.
Athletic Bilbao
After eight seasons at Atlético, Irureta returned to the Basque Country and signed for Athletic Bilbao. The highlight of his career there was winning two runners-up medals in 1977 – Spanish and UEFA Cups, as among his teammates were veteran José Ángel Iribar and an emerging José Ramón Alexanko.
Irureta retired in 1980 aged 32, with more than 400 official matches to his credit and nearly 100 goals.
Spain
Irureta won six caps for Spain in a three-year span (exactly two years and 11 months). However, he did not experience a successful time with the national side, and never took part in any major tournament; his debut came on 23 May 1972 in a 2–0 friendly win with Uruguay, in Madrid.
Towards the end of his playing career, Irureta also played one game for the Basque Country national team.
Coaching career
Early years / Deportivo
As a coach, Irureta started with lowly Sestao Sport Club and joined CD Logroñés four years later, then led Real Oviedo to a sixth-place finish in the 1990–91 season, with subsequent qualification to the UEFA Cup – he repeated the feat with RC Celta de Vigo (where he was awarded Manager of the Year titles by both Don Balón and El País) in 1998. In 1994–95 he briefly returned to Athletic Bilbao, then coached neighbours Real Sociedad.
However, Irureta's greatest successes came with Deportivo de La Coruña where he spent seven years, winning another Don Balón coaching accolade in 2000. In his second year he led Depor to its first ever league title, adding runner-up finishes in 2001 and 2002 and third-places in the following two years while also reaching the UEFA Champions League quarter-finals in 2001 and 2002 and the semi-finals in 2004; in 2002 they also won the domestic cup, beating Real Madrid at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium.
Betis
Irureta was appointed at Real Betis in June 2006 on a one-year contract, being sacked on 21 December after the team's poor start to the campaign. He stated: "My contract has been rescinded by mutual agreement but I made the first move. We could have continued like this for much longer but it wasn't good".
Later career
In October 2007, Irureta put his name forward to be the new coach of English club Bolton Wanderers, but lost out in the running to Gary Megson, and was also touted by December as possible replacement for Real Sociedad's Chris Coleman.
Eventually, he took over at Real Zaragoza after replacing Víctor Fernández. However, on 3 March 2008, after merely one and a half months in charge, he resigned, arguing that never as a manager had he lost four games in a row, and that he did not feel up to the task of stopping the Aragonese side's slump into the relegation zone (eventually, they dropped down a tier). He was quickly replaced by former Zaragoza goalkeeper Manolo Villanova, whom at the time was in charge of SD Huesca.
Managerial statistics
Honours
Player
Atlético Madrid
La Liga: 1969–70, 1972–73
Copa del Generalísimo: 1971–72; runner-up: 1974–75
Intercontinental Cup: 1974
European Cup runner-up: 1973–74
Athletic Bilbao
UEFA Cup runner-up: 1976–77
Copa del Rey runner-up: 1976–77
Manager
Deportivo
La Liga: 1999–2000
Copa del Rey: 2001–02
Supercopa de España: 2000, 2002
Individual
Don Balón Award: Best Coach 1999–2000
References
External links
Athletic Bilbao manager profile
1948 births
Living people
Footballers from Irun
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
La Liga players
Tercera División players
Real Unión footballers
Atlético Madrid footballers
Athletic Bilbao footballers
Spain men's under-23 international footballers
Spain men's amateur international footballers
Spain men's international footballers
Basque Country men's international footballers
Spanish football managers
La Liga managers
Segunda División managers
Segunda División B managers
Sestao Sport managers
CD Logroñés managers
Real Oviedo managers
Racing de Santander managers
Athletic Bilbao managers
Real Sociedad managers
RC Celta de Vigo managers
Deportivo de La Coruña managers
Real Betis managers
Real Zaragoza managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier%20Irureta |
Nokonoko has multiple meanings, including
The Japanese name for the Mario series enemy, Koopa Troopa
A kind of tree found in Fiji
A district of Fiji located in the Ra Province
A word in the Bube language to mean monster, spirit, or evil spirit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokonoko |
Hallgeir H. Langeland (born 14 November 1955 in Strand) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party. He was elected to the Parliament of Norway from Rogaland in 1997 and served to 2013 when he lost his seat in the 2013 Norwegian parliamentary election.
He sat on the Stavanger municipal council from 1991 to 1997.
Parliamentary Committee duties
2005 - 2009 member of the Standing Committee on Transport and Communications.
2001 - 2005 deputy member of the Enlarged Foreign Affairs Committee.
2001 - 2005 deputy leader of the Standing Committee on Energy and the Environment.
1997 - 2001 member of the Standing Committee on Energy and the Environment.
1997 - 2001 deputy member of the Electoral Committee.
External links
1955 births
Living people
People from Strand, Norway
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
21st-century Norwegian politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallgeir%20H.%20Langeland |
A block settlement (or bloc settlement) is a particular type of land distribution which allows settlers with the same ethnicity to form small colonies. This settlement type was used throughout western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Some were planned and others were spontaneously created by the settlers themselves. As a legacy of the block settlements, the three Prairie Provinces have several regions where ancestries other than British are the largest, unlike the norm in surrounding regions.
The policy of planned blocks was pursued primarily by Clifford Sifton during his time as Interior Minister of Canada. It was essentially a compromise position. Some politicians wanted all ethnic groups to be scattered evenly though the new lands to ensure they would quickly assimilate to Anglo-Canadian culture, while others did not want to live near "foreign" immigrants (as opposed to British immigrants who were not considered foreign) and demanded that they be segregated. At the time, Canada was receiving large numbers of non-British, non-French, immigrants for the first time, especially Italians, Germans, Scandinavians, and Ukrainians. The newcomers themselves wanted to settle as close as possible to people with a familiar language and similar customs. The government did not want the West to be fragmented into a few large homogeneous ethnic blocks, however, so several smaller colonies were set up where particular ethnic groups could settle, but these were spaced across the country.
Similar to Block Settlements in Canada, the United States had several Ethnic Group Settlements across the Great Plains, which were founded by European settlers across the 1880s. These were towns of Czechs, Norwegians, Germans, Russians, and religious groups that were allotted land to create homesteads and farms.
American
African American
Mormon
Cardston founded in 1887 was the first Latter-day Saint settlement in Alberta.
Anabaptist
Hutterite
Hutterites are German-speaking Anabaptists who live in communal agricultural colonies. They have 188 colonies in Alberta, 117 in Manitoba, 72 in Saskatchewan and 3 in British Columbia. These Canadian colonies began with 18 colonies founded in 1919. Map
Mennonite
The Manitoba government set aside the Mennonite East Reserve now in the Rural Municipality of Hanover and the Mennonite West Reserve now in the Rural Municipality of Rhineland and the Rural Municipality of Stanley for the new Russian Mennonite immigrants coming to the province beginning in 1874. Most spoke Mennonite Low German. (Map)
Mennonite communities originally part of the East Reserve, Manitoba include:
Mennonite communities originally part of the West Reserve, Manitoba include:
Mennonite communities originally part of the Scratching River Settlement, Manitoba include:
Saskatchewan settlements (Map)
Early Alberta settlements began in La Crete, Alberta and Didsbury, Alberta 1901
Early British Columbia settlements began in Yarrow, British Columbia and Abbotsford, British Columbia 1911
British
Meaning: people coming directly from the United Kingdom, not English-speaking people from Ontario or Atlantic Canada.
British Canadian
Meaning: settlers from Eastern Canada, primarily Ontario, and mostly of British and Irish origins.
Dutch
Eastern European
Ashkenazi
Many of the Jewish immigrants to Canada came from settlements in Eastern Europe, including Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire (later the Soviet Union).
Doukhobor
In Saskatchewan Doukhobors, numbering 7,500, settled in three blocks in the North-West Territories (now in Saskatchewan) from 1899 to 1918. They established 61 communal villages on . (Map)
British Columbia (1908-1938) (Map)
Alberta
Finnish
Hungarian
Old Believers
Romanian
Ukrainian
Ukrainian settlements with approximate date of founding (Map):
Edna-Star, Alberta (1892). Founded by the original Ukrainian Canadian pioneers Iwan Pylypow and Wasyl Eleniak, this is the oldest and largest of the Ukrainian block settlements and was once considered the largest Ukrainian community in the world outside Eastern Europe. It is now the world's largest eco-museum, called Kalyna Country, which includes Sturgeon County, Thorhild County, the County of St. Paul No. 19, the County of Vermilion River, the County of Two Hills No. 21, the County of Minburn No. 27, Beaver County, Lamont County, and Strathcona County, and many of the neighbouring towns and cities. (Map)
Manitoba settlements included Stuartburn, Manitoba (August 1896), Dauphin, Manitoba (September 1896). Interlake, Manitoba (June 1897), Shoal Lake, Manitoba (April 1899) and Whitemouth, Manitoba.
Saskatchewan settlements were in the Montmartre-Candiac area (1895–96), the Yorkton–Canora–Preeceville area in eastern Saskatchewan, the Rosthern–Yellow Creek–Cudworth area north of Saskatoon and the Radisson–Hafford–Whitkow area east of North Battleford.
French
These include French Canadians from Quebec, French Americans, and Francophones from France, Belgium, and Switzerland.
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
Saskatchewan
German
German settlement began in the prairie provinces in the 1890s and continued until the 1920s during the homesteading period. Some also came to the region after the end of World War II. Canadians of German ethnicity remain numerous in the prairie provinces. Most of these settlers were Catholics and Lutherans, with minorities of Mennonites and Baptists.
German colonies
St. Joseph's Colony (Katharinental) was established from 1886 to 1904 in southern Saskatchewan.
St. Joseph's Colony (Josephstal) was established in 1905 in west-central Saskatchewan. Villages in this Saskatchewan colony included
St. Peter's Colony in Saskatchewan. founded in 1903 in Saskatchewan was 4,662 square kilometres (1,800 square miles) in size. It included 50 townships; townships 35 to 40, ranges 18 to 22, and townships 37 to 41, ranges 23 to 26 of the Dominion Land Survey west of the 2nd Meridian. 8,000 settlers had arrived in the colony by 1910 and by 1930 it was home to 18,000 Roman Catholics. Most were German Catholics.
Between 1903 and 1925 parishes were established at
Indigenous
Métis
Some French settlements were founded by Francophone Métis from the Red River settlement in Manitoba. Many began as Métis hivernants buffalo hunting camps from the 1840s to the 1870s.
Scandinavian
Danish
Icelandic
Vatnabyggd was an Icelandic settlement of about 2,000 square kilometres in Saskatchewan south of Fishing Lake and the Quill Lakes. By 1911 it had attracted over 1,600 Icelanders. Vatnabyggd included the settlements of Kristnes, Saskatchewan (1903), Dafoe (1905), Kandahar (1905), Wynyard (1904), Mozart (1903), Elfros (1903), Leslie (1907), Holar, Saskatchewan (1905), Mount Hecla, Saskatchewan (1904) and Foam Lake (1892). (Map)
Near Churchbridge, Saskatchewan were the settlements of Thingvalla-Logberg and Vallar
New Iceland (Nýja Ísland) (1875-1897) was located on the southwest shore of Lake Winnipeg in Manitoba. The Rural Municipality of Gimli and the Rural Municipality of Bifrost are within the old settlement area. New Iceland contained the settlements of Gimli, Riverton, Hnausa and Arborg. (Map)
Other Icelandic settlements in Manitoba included Baldur, Erickson, Geysir, Manitoba, Glenboro, Lakeview, Manitoba, Lundar, Morden and Reykjavik
Markerville, Alberta
Norwegian
Swedish
See also
List of named ethnic enclaves in North American cities
Colonia (United States)
Indian reserve
References
Further reading
Alan Anderson, "Ethnic Bloc Settlements," Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan (2006) online
Paul Robert Magocsi, ed. Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples (1999)
External links
The Atlas of Saskatchewan provides a map of the entire province showing all major ethnic bloc settlements.
Government of Alberta's Heritage Department's page about the history of the Ukrainian settlements in East-Central Alberta
Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village is a living history village 50 km east of Edmonton, Alberta which focuses on the experiences of Ukrainian immigrants and the block settlements.
Multicultural Canada (Encyclopedia of Canada's Peoples)
Settlement schemes in Canada
Linguistic geography of Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block%20settlement |
Václav Kaplický (28 August 1895, Sezimovo Ústí – 4 October 1982, Prague) was a Czech writer, journalist and epic poet. He is most known as an author of historical fiction.
Kaplický studied at Gymnasium in Tábor, finishing in 1914. In 1915 he was sent to the front in Galicia where he was taken captive (1916). Later he joined the Czechoslovak Legion. For his political opinions he was imprisoned by the legion and labeled as a traitor. After returning to Czechoslovakia in 1921 he worked in civil service. During the period 1922–1950, Kaplický worked in several publishing houses associated with the Czechoslovak Socialist Party. From 1950 he dedicated his time solely to writing.
The majority of Kaplický's works are historical fictions spanning the period from the Hussite Wars in the 15th century to the revolutionary upheaval of 1848. His novel Kladivo na čarodějnice (1963), about witch trials in northern Moravia during the 1670s is the best known because it served as the basis for movie by Otakar Vávra (Malleus Maleficarum, also translated as Witches' Hammer or Witchhammer).
Works
Historical fiction
Kraj kalicha, 1945 – about Hussite period
Čtveráci, 1952 – about peasant uprising 1618–1620
Železná koruna (2 volumes), 1954 – about hard life of common people after Thirty Years' War
Smršť, 1955
Rekruti, 1956
Listy z kronik, 1958 – five short historical stories from northern Bohemia
Zaťatá pěst, 1959
Kladivo na čarodějnice, 1963 – about witch trials in northern Moravia
Táborská republika (3 volumes), 1969 – about Hussite period
Nalezeno právem, 1971 – about accusation of a Jew from ritual murder in 1687
Škůdce zemský Jiří Kopidlanský, 1976 – from period of dynasty of Jagellon
Veliké theatrum, 1977 – about earliest phase of Thirty Years' War and preparations to Battle of White Mountain
Kdo s koho, 1979 – from period of dynasty of Jagellon
Život alchymistův, 1980 – life of alchemist Edward Kelley
For youths
O věrnosti a zradě, 1959 – 15 short historical stories
Bandita, Paťara a spol., 1969 – for boys
Královský souboj, 1971
Other
Gornostaj, finished in 1921, published in 1936 – autobiographic novel about the imprisonment of dissenting legionnaires near Vladivostok, on an island in Gornostai Bay (ru:)
Dobří přátelé, 1961 – about love of nature
Ani tygři, ani lvi, 1966 – short stories about pet animals
Od města k městu, 1975 – wandering of students throughout Czech lands
Hrst vzpomínek z mládí, 1988 – first part of Kaplický's memoirs, edited by Jaromíra Nejedlá
Hrst vzpomínek z dospělosti, 2010 – second part of memoirs, edited by Martin Kučera
External links
Short biography (in Czech)
History of Kaplický's imprisonment (in Czech, archived link)
1895 births
1982 deaths
People from Sezimovo Ústí
People from the Kingdom of Bohemia
Czech novelists
Czech male novelists
Czech journalists
Czech poets
Czech male poets
Czech children's writers
Czechoslovak Legions in literature
20th-century Czech poets
20th-century Czech novelists
20th-century male writers
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
Czechoslovak Legion personnel
Burials at Vyšehrad Cemetery
20th-century journalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav%20Kaplick%C3%BD |
TOCA Race Driver 3 (DTM Race Driver 3 in Germany, V8 Supercars 3 in Australia), TOCA Race Driver 3 Challenge (DTM Race Driver 3 Challenge in Germany, V8 Supercars 3 Shootout in Australia) in the PlayStation Portable version and Race Driver: Create & Race in the Nintendo DS version is a racing video game developed and published by Codemasters for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 2, Xbox, PlayStation Portable and OS X. It is the sixth game in the TOCA series. The game features several fully licensed championships, including the DTM series and V8 Supercar championship. This is the last in the series to have TOCA in its title as following on from this TOCA was dropped in favour of just Race Driver. Despite featuring the name TOCA in its title, the game did not feature the British Touring Car Championship. The game received positive reviews, frequently being compared favourably to Gran Turismo 4 and Forza Motorsport, in the aspects of cars on track, collision and wear damage.
Gameplay
TOCA Race Driver 3 includes 120 Championships and 35 types of racing through the Championship in World Tour, Pro Career, and Free Race. Also, it has Bonus Championships in different disciplines. They take place largely in the UK and Germany, though many more tracks are unlocked by winning cups in Pro Career, or by setting a lap time record on a course within Pro Career mode. Open-wheel, GT, Oval racing, Rallying and Off-road racing were all featured and can be raced in either a detailed Pro Career mode or an open-ended World Tour. The game features many real-life competitions, including British GT, DTM, IRL and V8 Supercars, as well as a Vintage series, other GT series, and Rally. The Formula Williams FW27 is the featured car of the Formula 1 series in the game. The career mode progresses with various cutscenes featuring the player character's crew chief providing driving tips and general commentary.
Settings for racing are largely customisable. Players can adjust the number of laps and difficulty level. Race rules such as wrong way, corner-cutting, and careless driving penalties, and racing flags can also be turned on or off. Players can choose to qualify for races, which allows them to secure a position on the starting grid rather than being placed at the back.
Online play allows 12 and 8 players on PlayStation 2 and Xbox, respectively. It is the only racing simulator for PlayStation 2 with an online racing mode. For the PC up to 12 players could race together with the built-in GameSpy Server or by using a LAN. When GameSpy closed in 2014 online multiplayer was subsequently made possible using the Free Tunngle Network but was shut down in April 2018 due to pending requirements of the new European General Data Protection Regulation.
The game supports the use of a racing wheel. For PlayStation 2 consoles and Microsoft Windows players can utilise wheels such as the Logitech Driving Force GT and the Driving Force Pro. Other wheels are also supported, such as the Mad Catz MC2, which supports multiple platforms.
Development, marketing and release
TOCA Race Driver 3 was unveiled on 26 May 2005 under the title TOCA Race Driver 2006. The name Race Driver 2006 was later used for a PlayStation Portable Race Driver game. A single player demo was released in December 2005. It was released in February 2006 for Windows, PlayStation 2, and Xbox. A PlayStation Portable version entitled TOCA Race Driver 3 Challenge was released in February 2007. A Mac OS X port was released on 24 October 2008. The game was part of the early GOG.com lineup.
The damage model from TOCA Race Driver 2 is improved. Codemasters added additional damage elements for engine, suspension, axle and steering. Tyre modelling has also been improved. Tyres are affected by being cool or hot and wear over time. The developers wanted to improve the single-player racing experience. Johnathan Davis, designer on Race Driver 3 felt that in too many games "you start on the grid and either get left behind or your overtake the AI and go on to win. We really wanted people to battle all the way through". Codemasters interviewed real racing drivers to learn what challenges they would face on the track, such as judging braking distances. These were then implemented into the game's AI. It supports Introversion Software's amBX gaming lights.
Reception
The game received "generally favourable reviews" on all platforms according to video game review aggregator Metacritic, with scores ranging from 76/100 for the PlayStation Portable versions to 84/100 for the Microsoft Windows and Xbox versions. In Japan, where the PS2 version got a port on 24 January 2008, Famitsu gave it a score of all four sevens for a total of 28 out of 40. It was the second highest grossing title in the UK in February 2006, and the sixth highest grossing the following month.
See also
V8 Supercars in video games
References
External links
2006 video games
Codemasters games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Portable games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set in Australia
Video games set in Bahrain
Video games set in Belgium
Video games set in California
Video games set in the Czech Republic
Video games set in Delaware
Sports video games set in Germany
Video games set in Illinois
Video games set in Indianapolis
Video games set in Ireland
Video games set in New Zealand
Video games set in the Netherlands
Video games set in Shanghai
Video games set in Tennessee
Video games set in Turkey
Video games set in the United Kingdom
Windows games
Xbox games
TOCA (series)
Supercars Championship
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Feral Interactive games
Sumo Digital games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOCA%20Race%20Driver%203 |
Heikki Eidsvoll Holmås (born 28 June 1972 in Voss) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party (SV). He served as Minister of International Development from 2012 to 2013 being the last to serve in the position until Nikolai Astrup in 2018.
Personal life
Holmås is son of librarian/writer Stig Holmås and engineer/textile worker Ingebjørg Monsen.
Heikki Holmås married his wife in 2012. In 2013 his stepfather died in the In Amenas terror attack.
Board game player
Heikki Holmås is a former Diplomacy player and won the 1994 Norway Championship.
Career
He has served as member of the Parliament of Norway, representing Oslo from 2001 – 2012. He previously served as a deputy representative from 1997 – 2001. He is nominated on the top spot on Oslo SV's ballot for the 2013 Norwegian parliamentary election.
Holmås finished upper secondary school at Bergen Cathedral School, in Bergen from 1988 to 1991. Before entering politics, he worked as a waste collection worker in the Municipality of Bergen.
Holmås has been a columnist in both the woman's magazine Kamille and in the left-wing newspaper Klassekampen. He has contributed with an article in a book about climate change, Kan hende det gjelder å redde vår jord – Om venstresiden og klimapolitikken published in Norwegian in 2009 by Manifest.
References
External links
Heikki's blog in Norwegian
1972 births
Living people
People educated at the Bergen Cathedral School
Politicians from Oslo
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Members of the Storting
Ministers of International Development of Norway
21st-century Norwegian politicians
Norwegian columnists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heikki%20Holm%C3%A5s |
Dean Street is a street in Soho, central London, running from Oxford Street south to Shaftesbury Avenue.
Historical figures and places
In 1764 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, then a young boy, gave a recital at 21 Dean Street.
Admiral Nelson stayed in Dean Street the day before setting sail for the Battle of Trafalgar. He spent the night drawing up his final battleplans, including the masterstroke of painting identifiable gold and black checks on the ships. He is said to have spent the early part of the evening at a nearby undertakers selecting the coffin he would like to be buried in were the battle not to go according to plan, which proved to be time well spent, for he died in the battle despite leading the British fleet to victory.
Charles Dickens was also a regular on Dean Street when he was a young actor enthusiastically participating in amateur productions at Fanny Kelly's Royalty Theatre at number 73–74. In 1845 he starred in an adaptation of Ben Jonson's Every Man in his Humour, which met mixed reviews; Dickens' acting was said to be of debatable merit. Dickens's artistic contemporary George Cruikshank was also a resident of Dean Street and it was here that he drew the illustration for Dickens's early works. Cruikshank is perhaps best known as a cutting caricaturist with scant regard for his targets. He was once bribed £100 for his pledge not to "caricature His Majesty (George III) in any immoral situation." He obliged and instead created a humorous caricature of England which came to be known as John Bull.
Furniture maker William Hean lived at 17 Dean Street between 1827 and 1845. Karl Marx lived at 28 Dean Street between 1851 and 1856, above what is now the Hart Brothers restaurant Quo Vadis. The Marxes shared their house in Dean Street with Italian teachers and a cook and were very poor while living in the street. Their rooms were described by one visitor as being in "One of the worst, therefore one of the cheapest, quarters of London..." Three of their five children died while living here, all in infancy. Marx's collaborator Friedrich Engels also lived in an apartment at 28 Dean Street.
The French House in Dean Street is a public house that was the unofficial headquarters of Charles de Gaulle and the French resistance during World War II.
Sectors
The street has an association with healthcare. Over the years there have been various hospitals on the street including pioneering establishments for prevention and cure of diseases. The Royal Ear Hospital occupied number 10. An early maternity hospital was also located here and the Lock Hospital too was in Dean Street, Lock being a euphemism for venereal disease. Today there are two Sexual Health clinics on Dean Street: 56 Dean Street, and Dean Street Express at number 34, opposite Royalty Mews.
Dean Street has in recent years been a centre of the creative and advertising industries including film and video editing facilities; this was especially true from the 1960s to the 1990s.
There have been many music and theatre venues on the street, including the Soho Theatre, which presents new plays and stand-up comedy. The celebrated Gargoyle Club ran for 27 years in the upper floors at number 69, an address that also housed the nightclub Billy's in its cellars during the late 1970s. There, New Romanticism, a landmark youth movement, took root.
Modern history
On 10 July 2009 a fire broke out on Dean Street. Two firefighters suffered minor injuries but nobody else was hurt. The building that caught fire was gutted.
The start of a dramatic change to Dean Street began in March 2010 as the demolition commenced of an entire block (Great Chapel Street and Dean Street) in preparation for a western entrance to the new Crossrail station at Tottenham Court Road, which would have a major impact on the area.
Intersections
From north to south:
Oxford Street – terminates
Carlisle Street
St Anne's Court
Richmond Buildings (leading to Richmond Mews)
Chapone Place
Bateman Street
Meard Street
Bourchier Street
Old Compton Street
Romilly Street
Shaftesbury Avenue – terminates
References
External links
LondonTown.com information
Panoramic view at the junction with Old Compton Street
Streets in the City of Westminster
2009 in London
Fires in London
2000s fires in the United Kingdom
2009 disasters in the United Kingdom
2009 fires in Europe
Streets in Soho | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean%20Street |
Domenico Nordio is an Italian violinist who was born in Piove di Sacco (21 March 1971).
Nordio studied violin with Corrado Romano and Michèle Auclair. He began his concert career very young, winning the Vercelli "Viotti" International Competition at the age of 16, with Yehudi Menuhin as President of the panel of judges. Successes followed at competitions such as the "Thibaud" in Paris, the "Sigall" in Viña del Mar and the "Francescatti" in Marseilles and, in particular, in 1988 the "Eurovision" which brought him international fame thanks to the final round broadcast throughout Europe from the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam.
Since then, his intense work schedule as a soloist has brought him to perform all over the world. He has played in London (Barbican Centre), Paris (Salle Pleyel), Tokyo (Suntory Hall), Geneva (Victoria Hall), Madrid (Teatro Monumental), Dublin (National Concert Hall), Istanbul (Atatürk Centre), Rome (Accademia di Santa Cecilia e Teatro dell’Opera), Moscow (Conservatoire Tchaikovskij), New York City (Carnegie Hall), Vienna (Konzerthaus), Zürich (Tonhalle), St.Petersburg (Philharmonic Great Hall), Prague (Spring Festival), Milan (Teatro Alla Scala) and with many prestigious orchestras.
In Italy, he has performed almost everywhere. He signed a recording agreement with the Sony Music Group and his first CD for Sony Classical was released in March 2013. He is currently the Artistic Director of the Città di Brescia International Violin Competition, competition member of the WFIMC (World Federation of International Music Competitions).
Discography
Busoni and Malipiero, Violin Concertos (Sony Classical)
Respighi, Dallapiccola and Petrassi, Violin Concertos (Sony Classical)
Casella and Castelnuovo Tedesco, Violin Concertos (Sony Classical)
Mozart, Violin Concertos (Velut Luna)
Mendelssohn, Violin Concertos (Amadeus)
Ysaÿe, Sonatas op.27 (Decca)
Brahms, Sonatas for Viola and Violin (Decca)
"Capriccio", Recital (Decca)
References
External links
Official Website (English/Italian)
Italian classical violinists
Male classical violinists
1971 births
Living people
Academic staff of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia
Eurovision Young Musicians Finalists
21st-century classical violinists
21st-century Italian male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domenico%20Nordio |
"I'm Not in Love" is a song by British group 10cc, written by band members Eric Stewart and Graham Gouldman. It is known for its innovative and distinctive backing track, composed mostly of the band's multitracked vocals. Released in the UK in May 1975 as the second single from the band's third album, The Original Soundtrack, it became the second of the group's three number-one singles in the UK between 1973 and 1978, topping the UK Singles Chart for two weeks. "I'm Not in Love" became the band's breakthrough hit outside the United Kingdom, topping the charts in Canada and the Republic of Ireland as well as peaking within the top ten of the charts in several other countries, including Australia, Germany, New Zealand, Norway and the United States.
Written mostly by Stewart as a response to his wife's declaration that he did not tell her often enough that he loved her, "I'm Not in Love" was originally conceived as a bossa nova song played on guitars, but the other two members of the band, Kevin Godley and Lol Creme, were not impressed with the idea for the track and it was abandoned. However, after hearing members of their staff continue to sing the melody around their studio, Stewart persuaded the group to give the song another chance, to which Godley replied that for the song to work it needed to be radically changed, and suggested that the band should try to create a new version using just voices.
Writing and composition
Stewart came up with the idea for the song after his wife, to whom he had been married for eight years at that point, asked him why he did not say "I love you" more often to her. Stewart said, "I had this crazy idea in my mind that repeating those words would somehow degrade the meaning, so I told her, 'Well, if I say every day "I love you, darling, I love you, blah, blah, blah", it's not gonna mean anything eventually'. That statement led me to try to figure out another way of saying it, and the result was that I chose to say 'I'm not in love with you', while subtly giving all the reasons throughout the song why I could never let go of this relationship."
Stewart wrote most of the melody and the lyrics on the guitar before taking it to the studio, where Gouldman offered to help him complete the song. Gouldman suggested some different chords for the melody, and also came up with the intro and the bridge section of the song. Stewart said that the pair spent two or three days writing the song, which at that point had a bossa nova rhythm and used principally guitars, before playing it to Godley and Creme. Stewart recorded a version with the other three members playing the song in the studio on traditional instruments – Creme on guitar, Gouldman on bass, and Godley on drums – but Godley and Creme disliked the song, particularly Godley, as Stewart later recalled: "He said, 'It's crap', and I said, 'Oh right, OK, have you got anything constructive to add to that? Can you suggest anything?' He said, 'No. It's not working, man. It's just crap, right? Chuck it.' And we did. We threw it away and we even erased it, so there's no tape of that bossa nova version."
Having abandoned "I'm Not in Love", Stewart and Gouldman turned their attention to the track "Une Nuit A Paris", which Godley and Creme had been working on and which would later become the opening track on The Original Soundtrack album. However, Stewart noticed that members of staff in the band's Strawberry Studios were still singing the melody of "I'm Not in Love", and this convinced him to ask the other members of the group to consider reviving the song. Godley was still sceptical, but came up with a radical idea, telling Stewart, "I tell you what, the only way that song is gonna work is if we totally fuck it up and we do it like nobody has ever recorded a thing before. Let's not use instruments. Let's try to do it all with voices." Although taken aback by the suggestion, Stewart and the others agreed to try Godley's idea and create "a wall of sound" of vocals that would form the focal point of the record.
Recording
Stewart spent three weeks recording Gouldman, Godley and Creme singing "ahhh" 16 times for each note of the chromatic scale, building up a "choir" of 48 voices for each note of the scale. The main problem facing the band was how to keep the vocal notes going for an infinite length of time, but Creme suggested that they could get around this issue by using tape loops. Stewart created loops of about 12 feet in length by feeding the loop at one end through the tape heads of the stereo recorder in the studio, and at the other end through a capstan roller fixed to the top of a microphone stand, and tensioned the tape. By creating long loops the 'blip' caused by the splice in each tape loop could be drowned out by the rest of the backing track, providing that the splices in each loop did not coincide with each other. Having created twelve tape loops for each of the 12 notes of the chromatic scale, Stewart played each loop through a separate channel of the mixing desk. This effectively turned the mixing desk into a musical instrument complete with all the notes of the chromatic scale, which the four members together then "played", fading up three or four channels at a time to create "chords" for the song's melody. Stewart had put tape across the bottom of each channel so that it was impossible to completely fade down the tracks for each note, resulting in the constant background hiss of vocals heard throughout the song. Composer and music theory professor Thomas MacFarlane considered the resulting "ethereal voices" with distorted synthesized effects to be a major influence on Billy Joel's hit ballad "Just the Way You Are", released two years later.
A basic guide track was recorded first in order to help create the melody using the vocals, but the proper instrumentation was added after the vocals had been recorded. In keeping with Godley's idea to focus on the voices, only a few instruments were used: a Fender Rhodes electric piano played by Stewart, a Gibson 335 electric guitar played by Gouldman for the rhythm melody, and a bass drum sound played by Godley on a Moog synthesizer which Creme had recently purchased and learned how to program. The drum sound that was created was very soft and more akin to a heartbeat, in order not to overpower the rest of the track. Creme played piano during the bridge and the middle eight, where it replicated the melody of lyrics that had been discarded. The middle eight is also the only part of the song that contains a bass guitar line, played by Gouldman. A toy music box was recorded and double tracked out of phase for the middle eight and the outro.
Once the musical backing had been completed Stewart recorded the lead vocal and Godley and Creme the backing vocals, but even though the song was finished Godley felt it was still lacking something. Stewart said, "Lol remembered he had said something into the grand piano mics when he was laying down the solos. He'd said 'Be quiet, big boys don't cry' — heaven knows why, but I soloed it and we all agreed that the idea sounded very interesting if we could just find the right voice to speak the words. Just at that point the door to the control room opened and our secretary Kathy Redfern looked in and whispered 'Eric, sorry to bother you. There's a telephone call for you.' Lol jumped up and said 'That's the voice, her voice is perfect!'." The group agreed that Redfern was the ideal person, but Redfern was unconvinced and had to be coaxed into recording her vocal contribution, using the same whispered voice that she had used when entering the control room. These whispered lyrics would later serve as the inspiration for the name of the 1980s band Boys Don't Cry.
Release and promotion
According to Stewart, at the time of recording The Original Soundtrack the band was already being courted by Mercury Records (part of the Phonogram group) to leave Jonathan King's small UK Records label, where they were struggling financially. He said: "I rang them. I said come and have a listen to what we've done, come and have a listen to this track. And they came up and they freaked, and they said, 'This is a masterpiece. How much money, what do you want? What sort of a contract do you want? We'll do anything.' On the strength of that one song, we did a five-year deal with them for five albums and they paid us a serious amount of money." Despite impressing their new label with the track, Phonogram felt that it was not suitable for release as a single due to its length, and released "Life Is a Minestrone" as the first single from The Original Soundtrack instead. However, many influential figures in the music industry were demanding that "I'm Not in Love" be released as a single, and Mercury eventually bowed to the pressure and released it as the second single from the album. The band were forced to edit the track down to four minutes for radio play, but once it charted, pressure from the public and the media caused the radio stations to revert to playing the full version. Record World said that "One of the most technically perfect productions of this or any year is kind of a cross between '2001' and the golden era Lennon-McCartney ballad days."
Released in May 1975, "I'm Not in Love" became the band's second number-one, staying atop the UK singles chart for two weeks from 28 June. In the US, the record peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 for three weeks, deprived of an expected top spot placing by a different number-one each week (Van McCoy's "The Hustle", The Eagles' "One of These Nights", and the Bee Gees' "Jive Talkin'"). In the UK the single was released in its full length version of over six minutes; in the US and Canada it was released in an edited 3:42 version, and with a different B-side.
Legacy
"I'm Not in Love" has enjoyed lasting popularity, with over three million plays on US radio since its release, and it won three Ivor Novello Awards in 1976 for Best Pop Song, International Hit of the Year, and Most Performed British Work. It has appeared in numerous films and television shows, most famously in Guardians of the Galaxy. Queen Latifah recorded a cover for her album Trav'lin' Light, and a cover version by Kelsey Lu was featured in the TV series Euphoria.
Axl Rose cited it as a song that meant a lot to him as a teenager: "So nonchalant, so cool ....".
Italian-Brazilian singer Deborah Blando release a Portuguese version of the song called "Somente o Sol", in 1998.
Personnel
Adapted from the liner notes of The Original Soundtrack.
Eric Stewart – lead vocal, electric piano
Graham Gouldman – guitar, bass guitar, backing vocals
Kevin Godley – Moog, backing vocals
Lol Creme – piano, backing vocals
Kathy Redfern – uncredited whisperings : Big Boys Don't Cry
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
Will to Power version
American musical group Will to Power covered the song for their second studio album, Journey Home, releasing as the first single from the album in 1990. It reached the top ten on the pop charts of the US, Canada, Norway, and Portugal.
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
10cc acoustic version
In 1995, Eric Stewart and Graham Gouldman re-recorded "I'm Not in Love" as an acoustic version for the last 10cc studio album Mirror Mirror. It was released as a single and charted at #29 in the UK giving the band the highest position since "Dreadlock Holiday" in 1978.
Track listing
"I'm Not in Love (Acoustic Session '95)" - 3:30
"I'm Not in Love (Rework of Art Mix)" - 5:51
"Blue Bird" (Graham Gouldman) - 4:04
Deni Hines version
In 1996, the Australian singer songwriter Deni Hines released "I'm Not in Love" as the fourth single from her debut album Imagination (1996). At the ARIA Music Awards of 1997, "I'm Not in Love" was nominated for two awards - ARIA Award for Best Female Artist losing to "Mary" by Monique Brumby and ARIA Award for Best Pop Release losing to "To the Moon and Back" by Savage Garden.
Track listing
"I'm Not in Love"
"It's Alright" (quiet summertime version)
"Joy" (full testament mix)
"It's Alright" (summertime remix)
Olive version
Following their debut album, the English trip hop band Olive recorded a cover of the song. At the cusp of their new record contract with Maverick Records at the time, the band debuted the song on the label's soundtrack for the Madonna film The Next Best Thing before releasing it as the debut single from their second album, Trickle.
Fronted by the lone vocals of singer Ruth-Ann Boyle, the song simulated the backing tracks of the original; the most audible modification made to the song is a percussion track in the style of drum and bass, turning the song into an upbeat dance track.
Accompanied by dance-oriented remixes on the single release, the song gained sufficient nightclub play to reach number one on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart (on the week of 1 July 2000), as well as airplay on dance-hits format radio.
References
External links
1975 singles
1987 singles
1990 singles
1991 singles
2000 singles
10cc songs
Ultrabeat songs
Will to Power (band) songs
Johnny Logan (singer) songs
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
Irish Singles Chart number-one singles
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Rock ballads
Songs written by Graham Gouldman
Songs written by Eric Stewart
Epic Records singles
Mercury Records singles
Maverick Records singles
Avex Group singles
Festival Records singles
Mushroom Records singles
Fun Lovin' Criminals songs
1975 songs
Olive (band) songs
Trip hop songs
1970s ballads | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20Not%20in%20Love |
Giuseppe Di Vittorio (11 August 1892 – 3 November 1957), also known as Nicoletti, was an Italian trade union leader and Communist politician. He was one of the most influential trade union leaders of the labour movement after World War I.
Early life
Giuseppe Di Vittorio was born in Cerignola, Apulia, into a family of poor agricultural day laborers. After his father's death, Di Vittorio was forced to leave school and work as a day laborer. He joined the May 1904 general strike during which five workers were killed by troops in Cerignola. Di Vittorio was strongly influenced by the growth of peasants' organizations and the spread of socialist ideas, giving rise to his participation in the local young socialist organization in Cerignola. He was radicalised by affiliating with the national Federazione Giovanile Socialista (Federation of Young Socialists), led by syndicalists in opposition to the official Italian Socialist Party's youth federation. His involvement in the socialist and labour movement grew, and 1911 he became chairman of the Camera del Lavoro in Minervino Murge.
As a native of the Mezzogiorno, Di Vittorio became involved in the union plans for solving the region's acute problems in the manner illustrated by the Fasci Siciliani in final decade of the 19th century. A partisan of insurgence, Di Vittorio became a leader of an anarcho-syndicalist Unione Sindacale Italiana (USI), after its formation in 1912. After the Red Week a number of arrest warrants were issued against him, leading to his escape to Lugano, Switzerland in June 1914; he would return ten months later, when the government issued a general amnesty.
While the majority of the USI opposed militarism Randolfo Pacciardi claimed that Di Vittorio belonged to a minority of left-wingers, like Alceste De Ambris and Filippo Corridoni, who supported irredentist claims and advocated Italy's entry into World War I. Di Vittorio later denied this, but there is a pro-war article under his name appearing on Il Popolo d'Italia in June 1915. He served in the conflict in a Bersaglieri unit, and was discharged in 1916 after having been gravely wounded.
Opposition to Fascism
In 1921 he was elected to Parliament in the lists of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). In 1924 he joined the Communist Party of Italy, but failed to be re-elected. Di Vittorio was also a member of the militant anti-fascist organisation Arditi del Popolo.
The new situation after the rise to power of fascism and the March on Rome made him an enemy of Benito Mussolini's regime. In May 1927 he was sentenced in absentia to twelve years of imprisonment for subversive propaganda by the Special Tribunal for the Defense of the State. He managed to flee to France, and later lived in the Soviet Union from 1928 to 1930, where he represented the dissolved General Confederation of Labour in the Profintern as well as being Italy's representative in the Krestintern. Afterwards he returned to Paris, where he was a member of the Politburo of the Italian Communist Party.
He joined the Republican side fighting Francisco Franco's forces during the Spanish Civil War, as Political Commissar of the XI International Brigade. After the fall of the Republic, he headed the board of a Paris-based antifascist newspaper, La Voce degli Italiani''.
In 1941 he was arrested by German authorities in France on a request from Fascist Italy, and held in internal exile on Ventotene.
Post-war years
In 1944 Di Vittorio, along with Socialist and Catholic union leaders, agreed to re-establish CGIL as a representative of all currents of trade unionism in Italy, including Communists, Socialist, Christian Democrats, and anarcho-syndicalists. He was elected union secretary the following year.
As a union representative he sat on the National Council, an advisory body created to fulfill the role of a provisional legislature from September 1945 to June 1946. In 1946 he was elected to the Constituent Assembly as a member of the Communist Party, and would later be re-elected as a member of the new Parliament in 1948 and 1957.
With the onset of the Cold War and the breakdown of the alliance between the main anti-fascist parties, particularly the Christian Democracy and the Italian Communist Party, the organisation suffered internal divisions. When a right-wing student attempted to assassinate Communist leader Palmiro Togliatti in July 1948, CGIL called a general strike and street protests during which widespread rioting occurred. After this event the Christian Democrats within the union left to establish the Confederazione Italiana Sindacati Lavoratori (CISL). They were followed in May 1949 by supporters of the Italian Democratic Socialist Party, who left to form what would become the Unione Italiana del Lavoro (UIL). These three organisations continue to be Italy's main labour unions.
During the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 he clashed with Togliatti over the CGIL's statements of support for the Hungarian insurgents. According to Antonio Giolitti this position was supported by Di Vittorio himself during private meetings, and archival documents show that the CGIL secretary faced pressure from Community Party leadership to retract the statements.
Di Vittorio continued leading CGIL as Italy's largest union with the backing of the Communist and Socialist Parties until his death from heart attack in 1957. He was also a longtime leader of the World Federation of Trade Unions. His strong charisma made him the most popular myth of the Italian workers. His funeral was attended by more than three million people coming to Rome from all over Italy.
Notes
References
External links
1892 births
1957 deaths
People from Cerignola
Italian Socialist Party politicians
Italian Communist Party politicians
Deputies of Legislature XXVI of the Kingdom of Italy
Members of the National Council (Italy)
Members of the Constituent Assembly of Italy
Deputies of Legislature I of Italy
Deputies of Legislature II of Italy
Politicians of Apulia
Italian syndicalists
Italian military personnel of World War I
Italian people of the Spanish Civil War
Italian resistance movement members
Exiled Italian politicians
Unione Sindacale Italiana members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe%20Di%20Vittorio |
Åsa Elvik (born 12 January 1979 in Bø, Nordland) is a Norwegian politician for the Socialist Left Party (SV). She was elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Nordland in 2001.
She was a member of the Nordland county council from 1999-2001.
Parliamentary committee duties
2005 - 2009 member of the Standing Committee on Local Government and Public Administration.
2005 - 2009 deputy member of the Electoral Committee.
2001 - 2005 member of the Standing Committee on Business and Industry.
2001 - 2005 member of the Electoral Committee.
External links
1979 births
Living people
Socialist Left Party (Norway) politicians
Women members of the Storting
Members of the Storting
21st-century Norwegian politicians
21st-century Norwegian women politicians
People from Bø, Nordland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%85sa%20Elvik |
Summertime is a drama short (runtime of 26 minutes) written by Michael Ennis, directed by Eve Morrison, produced by Hilary McLoughlin and Storm Productions, and jointly financed by RTÉ and the Irish Film Board. It was made in 1995 and broadcast by RTÉ on 13 January 1997.
Two outsiders, Andrew, an 18-year old who is gay and being bullied by classmates, and Victoria, who has recently arrived from London, form a strong friendship in secondary school that helps them both to come to terms with their 'otherness.'
The short was filmed in Ireland.
Main cast
Stuart Townsend - Andrew
Jason O'Mara - Father Pat
Natalie Stringer - Victoria
Les Martin - Richard O'Malley
External links
Irish drama television series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summertime%20%28TV%20programme%29 |
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