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Sand Ridge or Sandridge may refer to:
Places
In Australia
Electoral district of Sandridge, Victoria
Port Melbourne, Victoria, historically known as Sandridge
In the United Kingdom
Sandridge, Hertfordshire, a village and civil parish
Sandridge, Stoke Gabriel, Devon
Sandridge, Wiltshire
In the United States
Sand Ridge neighborhood, Southwest community, Birmingham, Alabama
Sand Ridge Township, Jackson County, Illinois
Sand Ridge State Forest, Mason County, Illinois
Sand Ridge, Indiana, an unincorporated community
Sand Ridge, New York, a hamlet and census-designated place
Sand Ridge, Houston County, Texas, an unincorporated community
Sand Ridge, Wharton County, Texas, an unincorporated community
Sand Ridge, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Sand Ridge, a Tulare Lake sandspit that once formed a chain of islands in California.
Other uses
Sand Ridge Golf Club, Geauga County, Ohio, United States
SandRidge Energy, an oil and natural gas exploration company headquartered in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
Sandridge Bridge, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Sandridge Trail, a bicycle and pedestrian path in Port Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Shane Sandridge, a politician in Colorado
See also
Sandridge No. 8 Precinct, Menard County, Illinois, United States
Clough Creek and Sand Ridge Archeological District, near Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
Sand Hill (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand%20Ridge |
The Miami New Times is a newspaper published in Miami, Florida, United States, and distributed every Thursday. It primarily serves the Miami area, and is headquartered in Miami's Wynwood Art District.
Overview
It was acquired by Village Voice Media, then known as New Times Media, in 1987, when it was a fortnightly newspaper called the Wave. The paper has won numerous awards, including a George Polk Award for coverage of the Major League steroid scandal in 2014 and first place in 2008 among weekly papers from the Investigative Reporters and Editors for stories about the Julia Tuttle Causeway sex offender colony. In 2010, the paper garnered international attention when it published a story by Brandon K. Thorp and Penn Bullock which revealed that anti-gay activist George Alan Rekers had hired a male prostitute to accompany him on a trip to Europe.
In September 2012, Village Voice Media executives Scott Tobias, Christine Brennan, and Jeff Mars bought Village Voice Media's papers and associated web properties from its founders and formed Voice Media Group.
Author Steve Almond is a former writer for the Miami New Times. Former Two Live Crew rapper Luther Campbell is a columnist for the paper.
References
External links
Mass media in Miami
Newspapers published in Florida
Alternative weekly newspapers published in the United States
1987 establishments in Florida
Newspapers established in 1987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami%20New%20Times |
Gdańsk Olszynka is a former railway station in Gdańsk, Poland.
Lines crossing the station
Olszynka | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk%20Olszynka%20railway%20station |
Alberto Mora is the name of:
Alberto Mora (footballer) (born 1959), Peruvian footballer
Alberto J. Mora (born 1951), retired General Counsel of the U.S. Navy
Alberto di Morra (c. 1105 – 1187), aka Pope Gregory VIII (21 October – 17 December 1187 (his death)) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto%20Mora |
Jules François Mabille (Tours, 5 December 1831 − 18 January 1904) was a French malacologist, biologist and zoologist who in many trips around the world discovered and studied many species of mollusc.
In 1882−83 Mabille participated in the French scientific expedition to Cape Horn and the South Seas, with his fellow malacologist Alphonse Trémeau de Rochebrune and they described many new species of mollusc. His extensive research was written up in 1889.
References
External links
1831 births
1904 deaths
French malacologists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules%20Fran%C3%A7ois%20Mabille |
Mabille is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexis Mabille (born 1977), French fashion designer
Jules François Mabille (1831−1904), French malacologist, biologist and zoologist
Jules Paul Mabille (1835–1923), French entomologist
Xavier Mabille (1933–2012), Belgian historian and political scientist
French-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mabille |
The 8th Line Battalion of the King's German Legion was a Hanoverian unit in British service during the Napoleonic Wars.
Chronology
The unit was raised during the year 1806 as the last out of eight line battalions that the Legion levied in total. It was only half completed when the British Expeditionary force withdrew from Hanover early 1806 and subsequently filled up as recruits became available.
The battalion was initially brigaded with the 7th Line Battalion of the Legion. It served from 1805 until 1816 in Ireland, Walcheren, Copenhagen, Sicily, Peninsula and Belgium. It took part in the Northern Italian campaign, resulting in the capture of Genoa in April 1814.
On 18 June 1815, during the Battle of Waterloo, the battalion was nearly wiped out during the fighting in the centre of Wellington's battle line and lost a flag.
Uniforms and equipment
Uniform and Equipment of the Legion's Line battalions was of standard British pattern of the time. In accord it was repeatedly revised during the years from 1803 until 1815. In general it was composed of:
Red uniform with dark blue cuffs and collar, laced with regimental lace
Grey legwear
White leather equipment with black leather pouch.
Brown Bess musket
Stovepipe shako, later Belgic shako
The principal distinction from British units was that the backpack was of dark blue colour rather than black.
References
Bibliography
Beamish, N. Ludlow. History of the King's German Legion vol 1,1832 reprint Naval and Military Press, 1997
Beamish, N. Ludlow. History of the King's German Legion vol 2,1832 reprint Naval and Military Press, 1997
Chappell, Mike. The King's German Legion (1) 1803–1812. Botley, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2000. .
Chappell, Mike. The King's German Legion (2) 1812–1815. Botley, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2000. .
King's German Legion, 8th Line Battalion
King's German Legion
Military units and formations established in 1803
Military units and formations disestablished in 1816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Line%20Battalion%2C%20King%27s%20German%20Legion |
HD 73526 is a star in the southern constellation of Vela. With an apparent visual magnitude of +8.99, it is much too faint to be viewed with the naked eye. The star is located at a distance of approximately from the Sun based on parallax, and is drifting further away with a radial velocity of +26 km/s. It is a member of the thin disk population.
The stellar classification of HD 73526 is G6 V, indicating this is a G-type main-sequence star that, like the Sun, is generating energy through core hydrogen fusion. Based on its properties, it may be starting to evolve off the main sequence. This star has slightly more mass than the Sun and a 53% greater radius. The abundance of iron in its atmosphere suggests the star's metallicity – what astronomers term the abundance of elements with higher atomic number than helium – is 70% greater than in the Sun. It is a much older star with an estimated age of nearly ten billion years, and is spinning slowly with a projected rotational velocity of 1.7 km/s. The star is radiating more than double the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,564 K.
Planetary system
On June 13 2002, a 2.1 MJ planet HD 73526 b was announced orbiting HD 73526 in an orbit just a little smaller than that of Venus' orbit around the Sun. This planet receives an insolation 3.65 times that of Earth or 1.89 times that of Venus. This was a single planet system until 2006 when a 2.3 MJ second planet HD 73526 c was discovered. This planet forms a 2:1 orbital resonance with planet b. Although these are minimum masses as the inclinations of these planets are unknown, orbital stability analysis indicates that the orbital inclinations of both planets are likely to be near 90°, making the minimum masses very close to the true masses of the planets.
See also
List of extrasolar planets
Gliese 876
References
External links
Extrasolar Planet Interactions by Rory Barnes & Richard Greenberg, Lunar and Planetary Lab, University of Arizona
G-type main-sequence stars
Planetary systems with two confirmed planets
Vela (constellation)
Durchmusterung objects
073526
042282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2073526 |
Subungual exostosis is a type of non-cancerous bone tumor of the chondrogenic type, and consists of bone and cartilage. It usually projects from the upper surface of the big toe underlying the nailbed, giving rise to a painful swelling that destroys the nail. Subsequent ulceration and infection may occur.
There is an association with trauma and infection. Diagnosis involves medical imaging to exclude other similar conditions, particularly osteochondroma. X-ray appearance may reveal a bony protuberance attached to the top or side surface of a toe bone.
Treatment is by surgical excision and is effective.
More than half are under the age of 18 years and males are affected equally to females. Combined with bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation, they comprise <5% of cartilage tumors.
Signs and symptoms
They tend to be painful due to the pressure applied to the nail bed and plate. They can involve destruction of the nail bed. These lesions are not true osteochondromas, rather it is a reactive cartilage metaplasia. The reason it occurs on the dorsal aspect is because the periosteum is loose dorsally but very tightly adherent volarly.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves medical imaging.
Differential diagnosis includes mainly bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), which is more irregular and tends to involve the middle of the finger or toe rather than the end near the nail. They are distinct from subungual osteochondroma.
Treatment
Treatment is by surgical excision and is effective.
Epidemiology
It tends to occur in children and adolescents. Combined with BPOP, they account for less than 5% of cartilage tumors.
See also
Sternal cleft
List of cutaneous conditions
References
External links
Musculoskeletal disorders
Dermal and subcutaneous growths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subungual%20exostosis |
Reginald Lindesay-Bethune, 12th Earl of Lindsay, JP, DL (18 May 1867 – 14 January 1939), known as Viscount Garnock from 1894-1917, was a Scottish nobleman and British Army officer.
The eldest son of David Clarke Bethune, 11th Earl of Lindsay (1832–1917) and Emily Marian Crosse, he succeeded his father as the 12th Earl of Lindsay upon his death in 1917, and assumed the additional surname of Lindsay in 1919.
Lord Garnock was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 8th Hussars on 16 November 1887, promoted to lieutenant on 5 June 1889, and to captain on 30 July 1894. He served with the regiment in South Africa in 1901–1902 during the Second Boer War, and was promoted major on 19 October 1901. The war ended in June 1902, and Lord Garnock stayed in South Africa until December that year, when he left on the SS Kinfauns Castle. He later served with the East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry.
Lord Garnock was unsuccessful Conservative parliamentary candidate for Buckrose, East Yorkshire, in 1906. He was a Scottish representative peer in the House of Lords from 1917. He was also Master of Fife Fox Hounds.
Garnock married Beatrice Mary, daughter of John Shaw of Welburn Hall, Yorkshire, but had no issue. His younger brother, Archibald Bethune, 13th Earl of Lindsay, succeeded him to the earldom upon his death in 1939.
Arms
References
Further reading
1867 births
1939 deaths
8th King's Royal Irish Hussars officers
East Riding of Yorkshire Yeomanry officers
Reginald
Deputy Lieutenants of Fife
Earls of Lindsay
Masters of foxhounds in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald%20Lindesay-Bethune%2C%2012th%20Earl%20of%20Lindsay |
Wörth am Rhein () is a town in the southernmost part of the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is on the left bank of the Rhine approximately 10 km west of the city centre of Karlsruhe and is just north of the German-French border. Daimler AG's largest truck production plant (2.8 km2) has been located in the town since 1960.
Mayors
1960–1980: Karl-Josef Stöffler (CDU)
1980–2016: Harald Seiter (CDU)
since 2016: Dennis Nitsche (SPD)
Gallery
Notable people
Ferdinand Brossart (1849–1930), 1915-1923 Bishop of the Diocese of Covington, Kentucky, United States.
Ludwig Damminger (1913–1981), footballer
Linked to town
Kevin Akpoguma (born 1995), German footballe who played in his youth for FC Bavaria Wörth
Friedel Grützmacher (born 1942), former Landtag deputy (Alliance 90/The Greens) lived in Wörth
Tobias Lindner (born 1982), Bundestag deputy (Alliance 90/The Greens) who lives in Wörth
Petrissa Solja (born 1994), table tennis player
Herbert Wetterauer (born 1957), artist and author who lives in Wörth
Wynkyn de Worde (unknown birth date; died c. 1534), printer and publisher in London who was possibly born in Wörth am Rhein
Marlene Zapf (born 1990), handball player who grew up in Wörth
References
Populated places on the Rhine
Germersheim (district)
Palatinate (region) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6rth%20am%20Rhein |
"Leiningen Versus the Ants" by Carl Stephenson is a classic short story published in the December 1938 edition of Esquire. It is a translation, probably by Stephenson himself, of "Leiningens Kampf mit den Ameisen" which was originally published in German in 1938.
Plot summary
Leiningen, the owner of a plantation in the Brazilian rainforest, is warned by the district commissioner that a swarm of ferocious and organised soldier ants is approaching and that he must flee. Unlike his neighbours, Leiningen is not about to give up years of hard work and planning to "an act of God", as he believes in the superiority of the human brain and has already made preparations. He convinces his workers to stay and fight with him.
When the ants reach his estate, Leiningen seals it by filling a moat that surrounds it on four sides, the fourth being a river. The ants attempt to cross over by covering the waters with tree leaves, but he thwarts them repeatedly by emptying then flooding the moat. Eventually, the ants breach that line of defence and the men retreat behind a second moat, this time filled with petrol. Leiningen is able to incinerate several waves of attack, but runs out of petrol when the pumps malfunction.
After days of hard fighting, the ants breach the last defenses, and all seems lost. However, Leiningen realizes that his original principle of canals and damming can be put to use: if he dams the main river itself, the whole plantation will flood, drowning all the ants. He and his men can take refuge in the heights of the manor house on a hill. However, this plan requires reaching the dam, long overrun by the ants.
Leiningen puts on a makeshift protective suit, douses himself with petrol, picks up two spray cans of petrol and runs for the dam — through the ants. He reaches the dam controls and floods the plantation; this means the destruction of his year's crop, but it will save his men, preserve the contents of his granaries and destroy the menace of the ants. The climax of the story occurs on the return journey when he is knocked down by the ants and almost devoured. Thinking about a stag he had seen the ants devour to the bones, he forces himself to get up. Despite suffering horrible injuries, including ant bites to the inside of his nose and directly below his eyes, Leiningen continues running, reaches the concrete ditch with the blazing petrol and survives. At the story's end, Leiningen awakes while recovering from his injuries; his final words before going to sleep are: "I told you I would come back, even if I am a bit streamlined."
Adaptations
In 1948, the story was adapted into a radio play as part of the CBS Radio series, Escape with William Conrad providing the voice of Leiningen for the January 14th debut broadcast. Escape revived the story twice, on May 23, 1948 (again with Conrad as Leiningen) and on August 4, 1949 (with Tudor Owen as Leiningen).
It was adapted in 1954 by Ranald MacDougall and Ben Maddow into the film The Naked Jungle, starring Charlton Heston as Leiningen and Eleanor Parker as his mail order bride Joanna, and featuring William Conrad as the commissioner.
The story was again adapted into a radio play as part of the CBS Radio series, Suspense. William Conrad again provided the voice of Leiningen for the August 25, 1957 episode and Luis van Rooten played Leiningen in the November 29, 1959 episode.
The story inspired "Trumbo's World", the sixth episode of the television series MacGyver. Stock footage from The Naked Jungle was used in the episode.
It was parodied on the cartoon series Camp Candy. In "Candy and the Ants", John Candy is faced with a swarm of voracious "navy ants", which he finally repels by importing anteaters. ("What kind of barbarians are we dealing with?" screams the ant admiral.)
The humor magazine National Lampoon parodied the story in a short story called "Leiningen and the Snails", in which the title character faces a swarm of "army snails", and has "merely three weeks" to think of a way to defend the plantation. He eventually brings in by air enough garlic and butter to cook all the snails into escargot.
In November 2018, the short story was adapted for BBC Radio 4's 15 Minute Drama series with Timothy Watson playing the title character.
References
External links
Leiningen Versus the Ants by Carl Stephenson (A history of the work) (archived link)
Leiningen Versus the Ants (Full Text)
Streaming audio
Leiningen Versus the Ants on Escape: January 14, 1948
Leiningen Versus the Ants on Escape: May 23, 1948
Leiningen Versus the Ants on Escape: August 4, 1949
Leiningen Versus the Ants on Suspense: November 29, 1959
1938 short stories
Fictional ants
German short stories
Horror short stories
Works originally published in Esquire (magazine)
Short stories adapted into films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiningen%20Versus%20the%20Ants |
Gdańsk Port Północny is a freight railway station in Gdańsk, Poland.
Lines crossing the station
Port Polnocny | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk%20Port%20P%C3%B3%C5%82nocny%20railway%20station |
Mathematics Magazine is a refereed bimonthly publication of the Mathematical Association of America. Its intended audience is teachers of collegiate mathematics, especially at the junior/senior level, and their students. It is explicitly a journal of mathematics rather than pedagogy. Rather than articles in the terse "theorem-proof" style of research journals, it seeks articles which provide a context for the mathematics they deliver, with examples, applications, illustrations, and historical background. Paid circulation in 2008 was 9,500 and total circulation was 10,000.
Mathematics Magazine is a continuation of Mathematics News Letter (1926–1934) and National Mathematics Magazine (1934–1945). Doris Schattschneider became the first female editor of Mathematics Magazine in 1981.
The MAA gives the Carl B. Allendoerfer Awards annually "for articles of expository excellence" published in Mathematics Magazine.
See also
American Mathematical Monthly
Carl B. Allendoerfer Award
Notes
Further reading
External links
Mathematics Magazine at JSTOR
Mathematics Magazine at Taylor & Francis Online
Mathematics education journals
Academic journals published by learned and professional societies of the United States
Mathematical Association of America | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20Magazine |
The Ruger Blackhawk is a six-shot, single-action revolver manufactured by Sturm, Ruger & Co. It is produced in a variety of finishes, calibers, and barrel lengths.
History
In the early 1950s, Westerns were popular in movies and television. Colt had discontinued the iconic Single Action Army prior to World War II, and few single-action revolvers were available to meet market demand for cowboy-style revolvers. In 1953, the new firm of Sturm, Ruger & Company introduced the Single-Six, a .22 LR rimfire single-action revolver. The Single-Six proved to be a popular seller, leading Ruger to develop and market a centerfire revolver similar to the Single Action Army: the Ruger Blackhawk. The Ruger Blackhawk was named after the Stutz Blackhawk automobile.
Ruger introduced the Blackhawk in 1955. Chambered for the .357 Magnum, the Blackhawk was a simple and strong design, and it sold well. In 1956, as Smith & Wesson was introducing the new .44 Magnum, Ruger quickly developed a variant of the Blackhawk in the new cartridge. Ruger achieved wide popularity with this firearm in a hotly anticipated new cartridge, which was both cheaper and more readily available than the Smith & Wesson Model 29 revolver. According to popular legend, Ruger was able to field a .44 Magnum revolver at nearly the same time as Smith & Wesson due to a Ruger employee finding expended .44 Magnum cartridge cases at a scrapyard and deducing that Smith & Wesson was about to launch a new cartridge.
The 1955–1962 Blackhawks are known today as the "Flattop" models, because their adjustable rear sights were not protected by "ears" extending up from the frame as later became standard. From 1962 through 1972, Ruger made the "Three Screw" Blackhawk in various calibers, so called by the number of screws visible on the side of the revolver.
The Flattop and Three Screw Rugers were modernized compared to the Colt Single Action Army, in that they had adjustable sights instead of the Colt's fixed sights, and they used wire coil springs instead of the Colt's flat leaf springs. Bill Ruger chose coil springs due to their greater durability, saying that it solved one of the primary weaknesses of the Colt design.
The early models of the Blackhawk still operated the same way as the Colt, in that the hammer was half-cocked to load and unload and that the firearm was not safe to carry with all six chambers loaded due to the hammer resting upon the sixth chamber. In 1973, in order to eliminate accidents occurring from the hammer jarring against a round loaded in the sixth chamber, Ruger introduced the New Model Blackhawk. The New Model Blackhawk did not require the hammer to be half-cocked for loading and unloading, and it employed a transfer bar mechanism which prevented the cartridge under the hammer from being fired without the trigger being pulled. The New Blackhawk was seen as limiting firearms accidents and legal liability. Ruger then began offering a retrofit program, offering free transfer bar conversions to earlier variants of the Blackhawk.
It is worth noting that the Super Blackhawk is capable of operating with much higher pressure handloads than factory produced ammunition in .44 Magnum. Factory produced loads such as Federal Champion 240 gr JSP loads are right around 800 ft-lbs muzzle energy. Loads in excess of 1200 ft-lbs muzzle energy are commonly produced by handloaders for this caliber and the Super Blackhawk can, in fact, handle more powerful loads than any .44 Magnum lever action rifle and substantially more powerful rounds than any double action .44 Magnum revolver. Buffalo Bore makes a heavy load that is in excess of 1500 ft-lbs muzzle energy.
These facts make the Ruger Super Blackhawk one of the top choices for handgun hunting. It is capable of reliably taking down deer, elk, caribou, moose, lion, grizzly or brown bear and even cape buffalo. It is commonly used to deliver a coup de grace shot to mortally wounded large game, having the ability to dispatch even an elephant with a conscientiously placed close range shot to the head. The wide availability of .44 Magnum cases and bullets make the .44 Magnum chambering far more practical than .454 Casull or .480 Ruger, while allowing for similar ballistics in custom loadings.
The Ruger Super Blackhawk in .44 Magnum is one of the most accurate big bore pistols for target shooting, typically returning 5 shot groups that are one ragged hole from a rest at 25 yards. Work is commonly performed on the action of these revolvers to give a light, crisp trigger pull, thereby contributing to accuracy.
Various models
Over the years the Blackhawk has appeared in a wide variety of models. These models include:
New Model Blackhawk: Produced in blued steel in .30 Carbine, .357 Magnum, .41 Remington Magnum, .44 Special, and .45 Colt; produced in stainless in .327 Federal Magnum with an 8-round cylinder, .357 Magnum, and .45 Colt. Multiple barrel lengths were offered in many of these configurations.
New Model Blackhawk Convertible: The cylinder of a Blackhawk is easily removed, and can be replaced with a cylinder for a different cartridge of the same diameter. Ruger has offered "convertible" cylinder revolvers in .45 Colt/.45 ACP, .38-40/10mm Auto, and .357 Magnum/9×19mm Parabellum. Other than being sold with multiple cylinders, these firearms are identical to the Blackhawk.
New Model Super Blackhawk: Produced in blued and stainless, with or without a rib for mounting a scope. The Super Blackhawk is built on the same frame, but with a larger grip (in the 7.5" and 10.5" barrels) and unfluted cylinder (except for 5.5" barrel), in order to more effectively deal with the .44 Magnum's recoil. Also, the grip frames are made of steel, versus aluminium for those same components in the Blackhawk. Ejector rod housings were originally steel on old model Super Blackhawks. The new model stainless steel versions have steel ejector rod housings.
Vaquero and New Vaquero: With the popularity of Cowboy Action Shooting came demand for a single-action revolver that was more traditional in appearance. As the standard Ruger Blackhawk departs from the Single Action Army looks due to its adjustable sights, Ruger offered a fixed-sight equivalent to cater to buyers wanting a more traditional appearance. In all other ways, the Vaquero was identical to the Blackhawk, though offered in slightly fewer variants. The original Vaquero was offered in .357 Magnum, .44 Magnum, and .45 Colt. After some time, Ruger went with a smaller frame to more closely resemble the actual size of the Colt SAA, changed the name to the New Vaquero, and dropped the powerful .44 Magnum from the lineup. While keeping the smaller size, Ruger later went back to the simple Vaquero name.
Bisley: The Bisley grip is a type of angled grip developed by Colt for target shooting at the end of the 19th century. Ruger's "Bisley" offerings incorporated a Bisley-style grip, hammer spur, and trigger. The Bisley features a down-turned grip inspired by the old #5 single-action army grip made up for Elmer Keith by gunsmith Harold Croft in 1929, although it is larger in size. This was in turn inspired by the classic 1894 Colt Bisley revolver, so named after the famous English shooting range at Bisley which was the site of many notable shooting matches in the late 19th century and is still in regular use. The Ruger Bisley has become a popular platform for conversion to even larger calibers by custom gunsmiths such as Gary Reeder, John Linebaugh, and Hamilton Bowen.
Old Army: The Old Army is a percussion ("cap and ball") black powder revolver based on the Blackhawk frame.
Calibers
.30 Carbine
.32 H&R Magnum/.32-20 Winchester Convertible (Single distributor—discontinued)
.327 Federal Magnum
9×19mm Parabellum/.357 Magnum Convertible
.357 Magnum
.357 Remington Maximum (Discontinued)
10mm Auto/.38-40 Winchester Convertible (Single distributor—discontinued)
10mm Auto/.40 S&W Convertible (Discontinued)
.41 Magnum
.44 Special
.44 Magnum
.44-40 Winchester
.44 Magnum/.44-40 Winchester Convertible (Single distributor—discontinued)
.45 ACP/.45 Colt Convertible
.45 Colt
.454 Casull (Super Blackhawk Distributor Exclusive)
.480 Ruger (Super Blackhawk Distributor Exclusive)
Finishes
Blued
Stainless steel
See also
Ruger Single-Six
Table of handgun and rifle cartridges
References
External links
Ruger New Model Blackhawk on Ruger.com
New Model Super Blackhawk on Ruger.com
An Exploded-View Diagram of a Ruger Blackhawk from American Rifleman
Ruger Bisley on Ruger.com
Ruger revolvers
Single-action revolvers
.327 Federal Magnum firearms
.357 Magnum firearms
.44 Magnum firearms
.45 Colt firearms
.480 Ruger firearms
.454 Casull firearms
.30 Carbine firearms
Revolvers of the United States
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruger%20Blackhawk |
Darren Joel Lewis (born August 28, 1967) is an American former professional baseball player who played center field in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Oakland Athletics (1990), San Francisco Giants (1991–1995), Cincinnati Reds (1995), Chicago White Sox (1996–1997), Los Angeles Dodgers (1997) and Boston Red Sox (1998–2001); he played his final season in 2002 with the Chicago Cubs. He was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 31, 2002, but refused to report to the Pirates, choosing to retire instead.
He is best remembered for his seasons with the Giants and Red Sox. Dusty Baker, who managed the Giants during Lewis' tenure with San Francisco, named his own son after him.
Career
During his 13-year career, Lewis established himself as one of top base stealers of the 1990s. He won a NL Gold Glove Award as a member of the Giants in 1994. He made postseason appearances with the Reds in 1995, and in 1998, 1999 with the Red Sox.
Errorless streak
On June 17, 1993, while playing for the San Francisco Giants, Lewis set a major league record by playing his 243rd consecutive errorless game, the longest stretch ever by an outfielder to begin a career. On July 16, 1993, against the New York Mets, he broke Don Demeter's all-time MLB record by playing his 267th consecutive game without an error. The streak continued until June 30, 1994, when the Giants played the Montreal Expos. Lewis was charged with his first error in 392 Major League games (938 chances) when a ball hit by Cliff Floyd skipped under his glove. His record was later broken by Atlanta Braves' right fielder Nick Markakis on June 18, 2015.
Defense was Lewis's strong point, recording a .994 fielding percentage playing at all three outfield positions. He committed only 16 errors in 2836 total chances in 9483 innings in the outfield.
Post-baseball
Darren Lewis was an assistant baseball coach for California State University, East Bay. He left the position in 2016.
See also
List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders
List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
References
External links
, or Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)
1967 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
Águilas del Zulia players
Arizona League Athletics players
Baseball players from Berkeley, California
Boston Red Sox players
California Golden Bears baseball players
California State University, East Bay faculty
Chabot Gladiators baseball players
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago White Sox players
Cincinnati Reds players
Gold Glove Award winners
Gulf Coast Red Sox players
Huntsville Stars players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Madison Muskies players
Major League Baseball center fielders
Modesto A's players
Oakland Athletics players
Phoenix Firebirds players
San Francisco Giants players
Baseball players from Oakland, California
Tacoma Tigers players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren%20Lewis |
Seeley may refer to:
People and fictional characters
Seeley (surname)
Seeley Booth, a fictional character in the American television series Bones
Seeley G. Mudd (1895-1968), American physician, professor and philanthropist
Seeley W. Mudd (1861–1926), mining engineer
Places
United States
Seeley, California, a census-designated place
Camp Seeley, a US Army World War II training camp near El Centro, California
Seeley, New Jersey, a census-designated place
Seeley, Wisconsin, an unincorporated community
Seeley Lake, Montana, a lake and community
Seeley Cottage, Harrietstown, New York
Seeley Farmhouse, Glenville, New York
Samuel W. Seeley House, Bridgeton, New Jersey
William Stuart Seeley House, Mount Pleasant, Utah
Canada
a lake in Seeley Lake Provincial Park, British Columbia
Other uses
Seeley Historical Library, the history library of the University of Cambridge, England
Seeley, Service, British publishing firm (1744-1979)
See also
Sealey
Sealy (disambiguation)
Seely | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeley |
Guigang (; Zhuang: Gveigangj) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Guangxi in the People's Republic of China. Prior to 1988, it was known as Gui County or Guixian ().
Geography and climate
Guigang is located in eastern Guangxi. It is located between Guangxi's five major cities: Nanning, Guilin, Liuzhou, Beihai, and Wuzhou. Its location makes it a major transportation and business hub, connecting central China with the south, especially Hong Kong and Macau. Guigang has a rail line, several major highways, an expressway, and most importantly a large port on the Xi River, its direct connection to the Pearl River Delta. The area is .
Climate is sub-tropical and monsoonal with an annual mean temperature of . Annual precipitation is .
Administration
Guigang has 1 county-level city, 3 urban districts, and 1 counties.
Districts:
Gangbei District ()
Gangnan District ()
Qintang District ()
County-level city:
Guiping ()
County:
Pingnan ()
Demographics
As of the 2020 Chinese census, its population was 4,316,262 inhabitants whom 1,277,231 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of Gangbei and Gangnan Districts, Qintang District not being conurbated yet.
Guigang's population is mainly Cantonese Chinese along with a number of minority tribes.
Economy
The 2015 GDP was 86.5 billion yuan; nominal GDP per capita was roughly $2,400, making it a relatively poor county in southern China. Transportation, shipping, and logistics are a vital part of Guigang's economy. More than 100 million tons of goods pass through its ports in one year. Major industries include chemical manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, metallurgy, tannery, textiles, printing, and food stuffs. Agriculture is also important with major crops including cereals such as rice and corn, sugar, medicinal herbs, tobacco, tea, lotus root, and green vegetables.
Sports
The Guigang Sports Centre Stadium is located in Guigang. It has a capacity of 30,000 and it is used mostly for football matches. The venue opened on 21 June 2016.
Twin towns and sister cities
Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (2016)
References
External links
Xinhua Website
Cities in Guangxi
Prefecture-level divisions of Guangxi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guigang |
Billings Skyview High School, also known as Billings Skyview or Skyview, is a four-year comprehensive public high school in Billings, Montana. The school serves approximately 1,600 students with 92.5 certified staff, 36 support staff and 10 custodians under principal Deb Black, associate principal Danette Cerise, and Deans Scott Lynch and Jay Wahl. Skyview sits on and is in size. It was built in 1987, making it the newest of three public high schools in Billings. Skyview's school colors are Royal Blue, Silver, and White and its mascot is a falcon.
Publications
Yearbook: Wingspan
Clubs and Activities
Academic Team
Adventure Club
All Nations Indian Club
Anime and Manga Club
ARC Club
Art Club
Artificial Reality Contingency (ARC)
Business Professionals of America (BPA)
Chess Club
Color Guard
Drama Club
Falconeers
FCCLA
Forensics: Speech/Debate
Key Club
Model UN
National Honors Society
Student Council
Students Against Destructive Decisions
Yearbook
Academics
Available AP Courses include
World History
United States History
Psychology
Statistics
Calculus AB
English Language and Composition
English Literature
German Language and Culture
French Language and Culture
Spanish Language and Culture
Biology
Chemistry
Academic Team
Skyview has a successful Academic Team. They have placed first in the Montana Academic State Championship several times. They have also won the Big Sky Regional Science Bowl 3 times, allowing them to participate at a national level.
Notes
External links
Skyview Main Website
Skyview Library Website
Montana Key Club
Skyview Key Club
Public high schools in Montana
Buildings and structures in Billings, Montana
Schools in Yellowstone County, Montana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyview%20High%20School%20%28Montana%29 |
Seeley Lake may refer to:
Seeley Lake, Montana, a lake and census-designated place in Montana, USA
Seeley Lake Provincial Park, a lake/park in British Columbia, Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seeley%20Lake |
James Randolph Lindesay-Bethune, 16th Earl of Lindsay, (born 19 November 1955), is a British businessman and Conservative politician.
Early life
The son of David Lindesay-Bethune, 15th Earl of Lindsay, and his first wife Mary Douglas-Scott-Montagu, he was educated at Eton, the University of Edinburgh and the University of California, Davis.
Career
He succeeded his father as Earl of Lindsay in 1989. He was vice-chairman of the Inter-Party Union Committee on Environment 1994–95, and was Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland from 1995 to 1997, during which time he was responsible for agriculture, fisheries and the environment. His work has been involved with the environment and the food industry. Between 2012 and 2017, Lord Lindsay was President of the National Trust of Scotland and appointed President of the Chartered Trading Standards Institute in April 2021.
Personal life
In 1982 he married Diana Mary Chamberlayne-Macdonald, a granddaughter of Sir Alexander Somerled Angus Bosville Macdonald of Sleat, 16th Baronet; the two have five children:
Lady Frances Mary Lindesay-Bethune (b. 1986), married to Rostislav Gabinsky. They have a son, Alexander Fabian (b. 2018).
Lady Alexandra Penelope Lindesay-Bethune (b. 1988), married to Jack Coleman. They have two sons: Nicholas Tankerville Wallace (b. 2019) and James Horatio Somerled (b. 2021).
William James Lindesay-Bethune, Viscount of Garnock (b. 30 December 1990)
The Hon. David Nigel Lindesay-Bethune (b. 1993)
Lady Charlotte Lindesay-Bethune (b. 1993), married to Prince Jaime, Duke of Noto, eldest child of Prince Pedro, Duke of Calabria, on 25 September 2021 at Monreale Cathedral, Palermo. The couple as daughter named Francesca Sofía.
The Countess of Lindsay is a patroness of the Royal Caledonian Ball and a master of the Fife Foxhounds.
Arms
References
Links
External links
Profile on parliament.uk
1955 births
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers
Deputy Lieutenants of Fife
Earls of Lindsay
Living people
People educated at Eton College
Scottish businesspeople
University of California, Davis alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
James
Presidents of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society
Hereditary peers elected under the House of Lords Act 1999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Lindesay-Bethune%2C%2016th%20Earl%20of%20Lindsay |
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 24, commonly referred to as Highway 24, is a highway in southern Alberta, Canada, east of Calgary.
Route description
Highway 24 begins along the Trans-Canada Highway west of the Town of Strathmore and proceeds south past the Hamlet of Cheadle. At south of Highway 1, it crosses Glenmore Trail and intersects Highway 22X to the west and Highway 901 to the east at a four-way stop later.
Highway 24 continues south for another before it turns to the east. later, it passes Carseland, after which Highway 817 branches north toward Strathmore while Highway 24 crosses the Bow River on its way south. Wyndham-Carseland Provincial Park is on the east side of this stretch of road.
When Highway 24 meets Highway 547 westbound, it turns east and passes the Hamlet of Mossleigh. At Highway 547 eastbound it turns south for to its end at the junction of Highway 23 and Highway 542 north of Vulcan.
Future
Plans are being made for a new diamond interchange at the North end of Highway 24 near Cheadle and Highway 1, as part of the Highway 1 Realignment Project. The purpose of this project is to upgrade the adjacent section of Trans-Canada Highway to freeway status (with 4 lanes in either direction) and bypass the town of Strathmore. As part of this project, there is also the possibility of changes to the Highway name designation for Northern 16 km stretch of Highway 24. As part of the project Highway 817 could be re-designated as new section of Highway 24, therefore leaving the old section of Highway 24 renamed to Cheadle Road or simply Range Road 262. An official decision on the naming designation has yet to be made.
Major intersections
From south to north:
References
External links
Highway 1 Realignment & Highway 24 Interchange by Alberta Transportation.
024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta%20Highway%2024 |
Hagenbach () is a town in the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated near the border with France, on the left bank of the Rhine, approx. 10 km west of Karlsruhe.
Hagenbach is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Hagenbach.
References
Germersheim (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagenbach |
Ipswich Knights Football Club is an Australian soccer club from Ipswich, Queensland. The Ipswich Knights were formed in 1998 and was an amalgamation of two Ipswich clubs, the Bundamba-based "Coalstars" and the Ebbw Vale-based "St Helens United". Ipswich Knights currently play in the Football Queensland Premier League 2.
History
Ipswich Knights was formed in 1998, with the amalgamation of two existing Ipswich clubs, Coalstars (formerly based at Bundamba) and St Helens United (formerly based at Ebbw Vale).
The Coalstars club had been formed in 1964 through the amalgamation of two of the oldest football clubs in the local region, Blackstone Rovers (1888) and Bundamba Rangers (1894). St Helens United was formed in 1966, through the amalgamation of the original St Helens club (1910) with Redbank, who had previously merged with one of the most successful clubs in local football, the Dinmore Bush Rats, originally called New Chum Bush Rats (1891).
These Ipswich clubs had produced many talented players, including Col and Spencer Kitching, Cliff Sander, Al Warren, Duncan McKenna, Graham Kruger, Ross Kelly, Graham Kathage, Les Keith and Stanley McCrea, Chris Brown, Brian Vogler and Ian Johnston, some of whom had represented both Queensland and Australia. However, the rise of wealthy ethnic clubs in Brisbane in the 1950s and 60s lured many of the top players to Brisbane, thus draining these Ipswich clubs.
Current squad
as of 2014
References
External links
Official Website
Soccer clubs in Queensland
Brisbane Premier League teams
Sport in Ipswich, Queensland
Association football clubs established in 1998
1998 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipswich%20Knights%20FC |
Jockgrim is a municipality in the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhine, approximately 15 km north-west of Karlsruhe.
Jockgrim is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Jockgrim. Jockgrim station is on Schifferstadt–Wörth railway and is served by the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn.
In 1965, Jockgrim celebrated the 700th anniversary of the old part of town: Hinterstadtl. This picturesque area has a bi-annual festival called Hinterstadtl Fest which takes place on the first weekend of September. In 2015 they were celebrating the 750th anniversary.
Facts
Jockgrim had a little scene in the movie "Buffalo Soldiers". The scene when a tank runs over a gas station was filmed in Jockgrim, in the background is the Hinterstädel.
People who have worked on the ground
Franz Bernhard (1934–2013), sculptor, lived in Jockgrim
Albert Haueisen (1872–1954), painter
Helmut Rußwurm (1911–1995), painter
External links
References
Germersheim (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jockgrim |
Lee Woodley (born 17 May 1976), better known by his nickname of Young Mutley, is a British former professional boxer who competed from 1999 to 2013. He held the British welterweight title in 2006, challenged once for the Commonwealth welterweight title in 2006 and once for the British and EBU European super lightweight titles in 2007.
Woodley was involved with gangs in his younger years, which led to him serving a prison sentence for assault. After being released from prison, Woodley took up boxing. His breakthrough came on 28 January 2006 when he beat Michael Jennings the reigning British Welterweight champion in a split decision at Nottingham Arena to claim his first British Championship.
Woodley obtained his nickname from his father, who was said to laugh like Muttley from the cartoon series Wacky Races. He uses his nickname as his name when boxing and has also won the Midlands Area and English light-welterweight titles in his career.
He lost his British title in an up-and-down classic with Commonwealth champion Kevin Anderson at the Aston Villa Events Centre on 1 June 2006. He had Anderson down with a left hook in the first before tiring and being stopped in the tenth.
Subsequently, he rebounded with two wins, one in the first round, and challenged British Light-Welterweight champion Colin Lynes in July 2007, losing by KO in the eighth round of a scrap that Lynes dominated. The vacant European Boxing Union ten-stone title was also on the line.
He is trained and managed by Errol Johnson.
Away from boxing, Woodley is a keen supporter of West Bromwich Albion F.C.
See also
List of British welterweight boxing champions
References
1976 births
Living people
Sportspeople from West Bromwich
Prizefighter contestants
English male boxers
Welterweight boxers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%20Mutley |
The Spanish slug (Arion vulgaris, but formerly widely referred to as Arion lusitanicus owing to a misidentification) is an air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Arionidae, the roundback slugs. Other vernacular names are Lusitanian slug, Iberian slug, and killer slug.
It is a large, conspicuous slug, which has spread across much of Europe since the 1950s and now reached North America. It may attain high densities and be a serious horticultural and agricultural pest. The life cycle is annual, with adults appearing in summer and dying off before winter.
Confusion over nomenclature
The Spanish slug was identified as Arion lusitanicus when it was first reported as an invading species in France in 1956, and hence it is sometimes called the Lusitanian slug (e.g.). This was a case of misidentification. In slugs, it is often impossible to find external characters that distinguish closely related species using external features, as colouration can be quite variable, and the rather plastic anatomy makes diagnostic anatomical features difficult to establish. The current consensus is that the true Arion lusitanicus is a species of the western part of the Iberian Peninsula. Examination of slugs from the Serra da Arrábida mountains in Portugal from where it was originally described by Jules François Mabille in 1868 showed that the true A. lusitanicus differed from the invader in its internal anatomy, the shape of the spermatophore and the number of chromosomes.
The misidentification was first recognised in 1997, and more widely publicised in an atlas of British molluscs. Arion vulgaris was proposed as a substitute name based on a drawing of the genitalia in an 1855 work by Alfred Moquin-Tandon. However, it is debatable whether the name applies to this drawing, so one temporary solution was to use the name Arion lusitanicus auct. non Mabille (i.e. "as used by authors other than Mabille"). Nevertheless, A. vulgaris has increasingly been used since, and this is the proposal that has been formally submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.
It has been erroneously reported that the slug was originally introduced via vegetables from Spain. These reports are usually based on outdated information published in pre-1999 literature. The common name "Spanish slug" was further based on the unsubstantiated assumption that the species would not only live in Portugal, but also in Spain. Arion vulgaris seems to be rare in Spain. Another name sometimes applied is the "Iberian slug".
Distribution
The native distribution of Arion vulgaris is not exactly known. Genetic evidence (the higher incidence of rare alleles) suggests an origin in France or Spain, contrary to earlier genetic analyses that did not adequately sample these regions. In Britain the slug was first recorded in 1954, which is not an indication of it being native there. It is presumed that the specimen illustrated in Moquin-Tandon's original 1855 description was from France.
Non-indigenous distribution
The non-indigenous distribution of Arion vulgaris includes almost the whole of Western and Central Europe and extends to various parts of Southern, Northern and Eastern Europe. It is now also recorded from Canada (2009) and Mexico. A 2017 report from the Asian part of Turkey was not based on dissection and is liable to be A. ater s.l. Reports of "A. lusitanicus" from Madeira may be copied from an 1895 report, in which case they need confirmation; similarly, a 1975 report from the Azores could be of the true A. lusitanicus. Claims of its presence in Algeria also appear unsupported.
Chronological overview of expansion of Arion vulgaris in Europe:
Great Britain – since 1954, later spread to Lincolnshire and Norfolk in 2012
France – (expansion from native range) since 1955
Switzerland – since at least 1956
Italy – since 1965
Bulgaria – since 1966
Germany – since 1969
Austria – since 1971
Belgium – since 1973
Sweden – since 1975
Slovenia – since 1982–83
Croatia – since 1982–83
Ireland – since 1984
Hungary – since 1985
Poland – likely since 1987, certainly by 1993
Norway – since 1988
Netherlands – since 1989
Spain – (possibly native; only known from north-east) since 1990
Finland – since 1990; abundant in south
Czech Republic – since 1991
Denmark – since 1991
Slovakia – since 1992
Faroe Islands – since 1996
Serbia – since 2002
Montenegro – since 2002
Iceland – since 2003
Macedonia – since at least 2003
Ukraine – since 2007, subsequently spread across almost whole country
Lithuania – since 2008
Estonia – since 2008
Latvia – since 2009
Russia – since 2009 (greenhouses), since 2019 (outdoors) (2018 record not confirmed anatomically)
Romania – since 2012
Belarus – since 2020 (2018 record not confirmed anatomically)
This species has not yet become established in the USA, but it is considered to represent a potentially serious threat as a pest, an invasive species which could negatively affect agriculture, natural ecosystems, human health or commerce. Therefore, it has been suggested that this species be given top national quarantine significance in the USA.
British authorities were also concerned as of 2014 that it may become a major pest.
Description
The size of the adult slug is 60–140 mm. The colour ranges from yellow to black, but is most commonly brick-red, dirty orange, or brown. The tentacles are darker. Adult A. vulgaris may not differ in external appearance from Arion rufus, and so reliable identification requires dissection to examine the genitalia. In contrast, the juveniles of these species can be distinguished because only A. vulgaris has longitudinal bands. However, juveniles of other large Arion species such as Arion flagellus also have longitudinal bands.
Reproductive system: The atrium is small. The adjacent part of the oviduct is dilated and muscular, with the same diameter as the atrium and containing a longitudinal ligula. This distinguishes A. vulgaris from Arion ater s.l., in which the oviduct is thinner and the atrium is larger and contains the ligula. Arion flagellus also has a ligula in the dilated part of the oviduct, but the ligula does not reach as far towards the atrium as in A. vulgaris. The spermatheca is spherical, its diameter twice that of the oviduct.
Ecology
The habitat of Arion vulgaris includes all agricultural ecosystems, as well as natural environments such as river and lake margins, forest edges, forests in valleys or meadows. In Switzerland it has been found up to 1700 m altitude.
It is a serious agricultural and horticultural pest in large parts of Europe, eating a cosmopolitan range of growing plant parts as well as decaying vegetation. Opportunistically it eats carrion, including squashed conspecifics. It is active mostly during the night and in wet weather during the day. Densities can reach 50 individuals per m2 or locally even higher.
Whilst a slug can crawl several metres within a night, long-distance dispersal is believed to be on vegetables, on horticultural seedlings, and on plant debris disposed of as waste.
The species has an annual life cycle with mating starting in July and eggs first laid some weeks later in late summer. Clutches are laid on the soil surface or in crevices up to 10 cm underground, with an average clutch size of about 70 eggs; an adult slug typically lays about 400 eggs in its lifetime. The eggs hatch from autumn to spring. Neither eggs nor slugs can survive temperatures below ―3 °C, so overwinter survival depends on hiding under shelters. Adults normally die off in autumn before winter frosts.
As an invasive species
Arion vulgaris is considered among the 100 worst alien species in Europe in DAISIE European Invasive Alien Species Gateway, and this is the only land gastropod among them. Arion vulgaris is the worst slug pest in Europe and it has an important economic, ecological, and social impact.
The local name of the slug in the regions it has invaded is typically a translation of "Spanish slug". In recent years, as its dominance has increased, it has been nicknamed "killer slug", perhaps due to its tendency to eat dead or weaker individuals of the species, although its destructive impact on gardens may seem just as appropriate a reason for the name.
Like other pulmonate snails and slugs, it is a hermaphrodite and this species has the capacity to self-fertilize, so that one single slug can start an infestation. Long-distance transport of produce and garden plants has been assumed to be a common means of its rapid dispersal.
Besides causing economic damage, the arrival of A. vulgaris has often been associated with the disappearance within a few years of the similarly sized congener Arion ater s.l., at least in synanthropic habitats. While the two species coexist they may mate with each other and produce fertile offspring. Hybrids are often identifiable by their intermediate genital anatomy. It has been proposed that in Scandinavia crossing of A. vulgaris and the indigenous A. ater ater might have produced a more frost-resistant variety. However, genetic investigations have not shown that introgression of A. ater genes into A. vulgaris persist for long once the native species has disappeared. In the Swiss Alps, Arion ater rufus persists only at high elevations, and hybrids with A. vulgaris occur in a contact zone along the altitudinal gradient.
Given the densities that A. vulgaris can attain, other ecological effects of its invasion on the native flora and fauna are to be expected. For instance, the seeds that it consumes are less likely to survive to germinate than with other gastropods with which it was compared. In Sweden complete defoliation of native shrubs in natural woodland has been reported.
References
External links
Arion vulgaris at Animalbase taxonomy,short description, distribution, biology,status (threats), images
Arion vulgaris images at Encyclopedia of Life
Slug controls (on Wikibooks)
Arion (gastropod)
Gastropods described in 1855
Articles containing video clips
Fauna of Spain | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20slug |
The Visit is a 2000 American film written and directed by Jordan Walker-Pearlman, based on a play by Kosmond Russell.
Premise
Alex Waters (Hill Harper), a young man dying of AIDS, is serving 25 years in prison for a rape he says he didn't commit. Alex, his family and his girlfriend try to come to an emotional resolution.
Cast
Obba Babatundé as Tony Waters
Rae Dawn Chong as Felicia
Marla Gibbs as Lois Waters
Hill Harper as Alex
Phylicia Rashad as Dr. Coles
Billy Dee Williams as Henry
Reception
Critical response
On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 72% based on 32 reviews, with an average rating of 6.34/10. The website's critics consensus reads: "An earnest drama, The Visit gains much emotional power through its fine performances." Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 60 out of 100, based on 16 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Awards
2000: Independent Spirit Awards: 4 Nom., including Best First Feature
2000: National Board of Review: Freedom of Expression Award
2000: Chicago Film Festival: Nominated for Best Feature
References
External links
American independent films
2000 films
2000 drama films
American drama films
2000s English-language films
2000 independent films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Visit%20%282000%20film%29 |
A courier is a person, company or vehicle that transports mail and small items.
Courier may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment
The Couriers, a series of graphic novels
The Courier, and Come Again Courier, two novels in the 1970s Tobin series by the British author Stanley Morgan
The Courier, the player character in the video game Fallout: New Vegas
Courier (Akudama Drive), a fictional character from the anime Akudama Drive
Courier (album), 2002 album by Richard Shindell
Film and television
Courier (film), a 1987 Soviet film directed by Karen Shakhnazarov
The Courier (1988 film), a 1988 British thriller film
The Courier (2012 film), a 2012 action film
The Courier (2019 film), a 2019 American-British thriller film
The Courier (2020 film), a 2020 spy film starring Benedict Cumberbatch
"The Courier" (The Blacklist), a 2013 episode of TV series The Blacklist
Periodicals
Australia
The Courier (Ballarat), a daily regional newspaper published in Ballarat, Victoria
The Courier-Mail, a daily regional newspaper published in Brisbane, Queensland
The Courier (Hobart), a 19th-century newspaper published in Hobart, Tasmania
The Courier (Mount Barker), an independent local newspaper published since 1880 in the Adelaide Hills town of Mount Barker
The Courier (Narrabri), a regional newspaper published in Narrabri, New South Wales, Australia
Canada
The Capilano Courier, a Canadian student newspaper published at Capilano College
Vancouver Courier, a Canadian semi-weekly local newspaper
United Kingdom
Courier (Quarterly), a magazine published in Britain during the period 1938–1951
The Courier (Dundee) or The Courier & Advertiser, a broadsheet newspaper published in Dundee, Scotland
The Courier (Newcastle University newspaper), a weekly student newspaper
Leamington Courier, a newspaper in England
Courier Journal (Oxfordshire), former name of the Oxford Journal
South Oxfordshire Courier, a free newspaper, distributed throughout Southern Oxfordshire
Tyrone Courier, a weekly newspaper based in Dungannon, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland
United States
The Courier (magazine), a gaming magazine
The News Courier, a daily newspaper published in Athens, Alabama
The Daily Courier (Arizona), a newspaper for Yavapai County, Arizona
Claremont Courier, a local newspaper published in Claremont, California
The Courier (Norwich), a newspaper published in Norwich, Connecticut
Champaign–Urbana Courier, called The Courier from 1971 to 1977, Illinois
Lincoln Courier, a daily newspaper published in Lincoln, Illinois
Ottumwa Courier, a newspaper published in Ottumwa, Iowa
The Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier, a daily newspaper published in Waterloo / Cedar Falls, Iowa
The Courier-Journal, a newspaper in Louisville, Kentucky
The Houma Courier, a daily newspaper published in Houma, Louisiana
Boston Courier, a newspaper published in Boston, Massachusetts
Charlevoix Courier, weekly newspaper of Charlevoix, Michigan
Capital City Courier, a newspaper published between 1894 and 1903 in Lincoln, Nebraska
Courier News, a daily newspaper published in Somerville, New Jersey
The Courier (Findlay), a daily newspaper published in Findlay, Ohio
Pittsburgh Courier, an newspaper published from 1907 to 1965 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
The Courier (Conroe newspaper), a newspaper published in Conroe, Texas (Houston area)
Bristol Herald Courier, a daily newspaper in Bristol, Virginia
Other periodicals
Courier (Israeli newspaper), a Russian-language Israeli newspaper published in Tel Aviv
The Courier (ACP-EU), a magazine published by the Development Directorate General of the European Commission
The Timaru Courier, an A3 tabloid community newspaper in the Timaru South Canterbury area of New Zealand
CERN Courier, a trade magazine covering current developments in high-energy physics and related fields
Clare Courier, newspaper based in Ballycasey, Shannon, County Clare, Ireland
Courier du Bas-Rhin, published in the Prussian exclave of Kleve
Dhaka Courier, a Bangladeshi English language weekly news-magazine
Technology
Courier (typeface), a monospaced slab serif typeface or font
Courier, a line of modems, manufactured by USRobotics
Courier 1B, telecommunications satellite
Courier (email client), email client used in Microsoft Windows
Courier Mail Server, computer software
Microsoft Courier, a prototype tablet computer from Microsoft
Transport
Aviation
Airspeed Courier, a pre-World War 2, British, single engined light aircraft
C-38 Courier, the US military designation for the Gulfstream G100
Consolidated O-17 Courier, US National Guard biplane
Helio Courier, a STOL, light aircraft
Rans S-7 Courier, a modern, two–seat light aircraft
Maritime
Courier (ship)
Rail
Courier, a GWR Iron Duke Class steam locomotive
Courier, a GWR 3031 Class locomotive, 1892–1914
Road
Sandusky Courier, made by Sandusky in Sandusky, Ohio, US, 1904–1905
Courier Car Co, Daytom, Ohio, US, 1909
Ford Courier, a light truck
Triumph Courier, a small van based on the Triumph Herald (1962–1966)
Other uses
Courier chess, a variant on the game of chess
Courier (smuggling), someone who personally smuggles contraband across a border for a smuggling organization
Courier City-Oscawana, a neighborhood within the city limits of Tampa, Florida, US
Jim Courier (born 1970), American tennis player
See also
قاصد (disambiguation)
Courrier (disambiguation)
Courier Mail (disambiguation)
Bristol Courier (disambiguation)
California Courier (disambiguation)
The Daily Courier (disambiguation)
Currier (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courier%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Legislative Council elections were held in Southern Rhodesia on 30 April 1920, the seventh elections to the Legislative Council.
Electoral system
The Legislative Council comprised thirteen elected members, together with six members nominated by the British South Africa Company, and the Administrator of Southern Rhodesia. The Resident Commissioner of Southern Rhodesia, Crawford Douglas Douglas-Jones, also sat on the Legislative Council ex officio but without the right to vote.
An important change in the franchise had been made in 1919 through the Women's Enfranchisement Ordinance, which gave the vote to women on the same basis as men. Married women (except those married under a system of polygamy) qualified under the financial and educational status of their husbands, if they did not possess them in their own right. This brought 3,467 new voters to the lists.
New districts were needed for this election under a provision of the 1914 proclamation that had created the 12 separate districts. The proclamation allowed for an automatic increase of one new district for each increase of 792 voters. The required number had been reached in 1917. The boundary changes that followed left the Eastern district untouched, as well as the four districts in the south-west (Bulawayo District, Bulawayo North, Bulawayo South, and Western).
Parties
Previous elections to the Legislative Council were contested by individuals standing on their own records. By 1914, although no political parties had been created, the candidates for the Legislative Council had been broadly grouped in two camps, one favouring renewal of the Charter from the British South Africa Company, and the other moves towards full self-government within the Empire.
By 1920 political parties had been formed, largely around these ideas. The Responsible Government Association, headed by Sir Charles Coghlan, sought a form of administrative autonomy within the Empire. They were in alliance with the Rhodesia Labour Party throughout most of the colony. Ranged against them were the Unionists, who advocated Southern Rhodesia joining the Union of South Africa, and a large number of Independent candidates who were generally in support of continuation of the charter from the British South Africa Company.
Results
By constituency
* Incumbent
Nominated members
The members nominated by the British South Africa Company were:
James Donald Mackenzie, Attorney-General
Ernest Charles Baxter, Controller of Customs and Excise
Dr Eric Arthur Nobbs PhD BSc FHAS, Director of Agriculture
George Henry Eyre, Postmaster-General
Sir Ernest William Sanders Montagu, Secretary for Mines and Works
Percival Donald Leslie Fynn, Treasurer
Robert MacIlwaine, Solicitor-General, was appointed a member to replace Ernest Charles Baxter during Baxter's temporary absence on 6 May 1920. George Henry Eyre stood down and was replaced by Robert MacIlwaine on 25 March 1921.
During a Special Session of the Legislative Council between 3 and 11 October 1923, held to set up the new administration following the award of responsible government, the appointed members were:
Sir John Robert Chancellor, Governor (sitting in the ex officio seat of the Administrator)
Percival Donald Leslie Fynn, Treasurer
Robert James Hudson, Attorney General
Sir Francis James Newton KCMG CVO, Colonial Secretary
Eric Arthur Nobbs, Director of Agriculture
Robert MacIlwaine, Solicitor General
Dr Andrew Milroy Fleming CMG, Medical Director
References
Source Book of Parliamentary Elections and Referenda in Southern Rhodesia 1898–1962 ed. by F.M.G. Willson (Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury 1963)
Holders of Administrative and Ministerial Office 1894–1964 by F.M.G. Willson and G.C. Passmore, assisted by Margaret T. Mitchell (Source Book No. 3, Department of Government, University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Salisbury 1966)
Official Year Book of the Colony of Southern Rhodesia, No. 1 – 1924, Salisbury, Southern Rhodesia
Elections in Southern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia
Legislative Council election
Southern Rhodesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920%20Southern%20Rhodesian%20Legislative%20Council%20election |
Lingenfeld () is a municipality in the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated approximately 5 km north-west of Germersheim, and 10 km south-west of Speyer.
Lingenfeld has about 5,800 citizens (2020) and is continuously growing because of its good connections to nearby cities such as Speyer, Mannheim, Ludwigshafen and Karlsruhe via the S-Bahn ("suburban railway").
Lingenfeld is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Lingenfeld.
Geography
Lingenfeld is located in the Upper Rhine valley in the south of the German wine-growing region Palatinate ("Pfalz") in Rhineland-Palatinate. Close by are the river Rhine in the East of the village and the German Wine Route to the West. Neighbouring places are Römerberg (Pfalz) to the north, Schwegenheim and Westheim (Pfalz) to the west, Germersheim to the south and the frontier to Baden-Württemberg realised through the cut-off meander of the Rhine to the east.
In past centuries the old current of the Rhine caused the loss of about 250 hectares of land due to undermining of the banks.
Lingenfeld lies 104 meters higher than the other communities close to the Rhine, so danger of flooding can be almost entirely excluded.
History
The name Lingenfeld probably comes from settlement "at the long field". It was first mentioned in a document from 1163 as "Lengenveld".
Religions
In 2007 53,3 percent of the inhabitants were Roman Catholic and 22 percent Protestant. The rest belonged to a different religion or was undenominational.
Development of inhabitants
References
Germersheim (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingenfeld |
Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti (born 27 April 1941) is an Indian archaeologist, Professor Emeritus of South Asian Archaeology at Cambridge University, and a Senior Fellow at the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge University. He is known for his studies on the early use of iron in India and the archaeology of Eastern India.
Career
Dilip K Chakrabarti is the first person to hold professorship in the field of ancient Indian history at Cambridge University. He started his career as a lecturer of Archaeology at Calcutta University from 1965 to 1977. He was a reader of Archaeology at Delhi University from 1977 to 1990 and also held a tenured appointment at Visva Bharati University from 1980 to 1981. He moved to a teaching post in South Asian archaeology at Cambridge University in 1990 and was promoted to professor prior to his retirement in 2008. He has also held visiting fellowships, scholarships, teaching appointments and received grants in Cambridge, Edinburgh, Tehran, New York, Paris, Jahangir Nagar (Bangladesh) and Armidale (Australia).
He has archaeologically surveyed the Kangra valley, the whole of the Chhotanagpur plateau, the whole of the Ganga-Yamuna plain and Haryana-Panjab between 1980 and 2008. During this period he also worked out in the field the archaeology of the routes which linked the Ganga plain with the Deccan and the ancient routes of the Deccan and the southern Peninsula. After his retirement in 2008 he completed a spell of field-studies in Rajasthan. In 1963-79 he participated in archaeological field-projects in India and Iran. On these field-topics and other problems of Indian archaeology, he has authored (co-authored in two cases) 29 books (one in press) and edited/co-edited about a dozen more. He is presently Distinguished Fellow at the Delhi-based think tank, Vivekananda International Foundation, where he is also the Editor of the eleven-volume VIF series History of Ancient India.
Dr. Dilip Chakrabarti has strived to bring academic rigor into the Indian history research.
Chakrabarti argues 'that South Asian archaeology need not mimic the developments in the Euro-American World, but rather it should be attentive to its own needs'.
Dr. Dilip Chakrabarti also served on the Humanities jury for the Infosys Prize in 2013.
Publications
(co-authored with S J Hasan) The Antiquities of Kangra (1984) Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Private Limited
Ancient Bangladesh: A Study of the Archaeological Sources (1992) Delhi: Oxford University Press
The Early Use of Iron in India (1992) Delhi: Oxford University Press
Archaeology of Eastern India: Chhotanagpur Plateau and West Bengal (1993) Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Private Limited.
Archaeology of coastal West Bengal: Twenty-four Parganas and Midnapur districts (1994) South Asian Studies,10:pp. 135–160
A note on the use of metals in ancient Bengal, Pratnasamiksha (1994) Bulletin of the Directorate of Archaeology and Museums, Government of West Bengal, 2 & 3:pp. 155–158
The Archaeology of Ancient Indian Cities (1995) Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Post-Mauryan states of mainland south Asia (1995) In: F. Raymond Allchin (ed.), The Archaeology of Early Historic South Asia, pp. 274–326. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Preliminary observations on the distribution of sites in the south Bihar plain (1995) South Asian Studies, 11:pp. 129–147
Buddhist sites across south Asia as influenced by political and economic forces (1995) World Archaeology,27(2):pp. 185–202.
(co-authored with Nayanjot Lahiri) Copper and its Alloys in Ancient India (1996) Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Private Limited
From Purnea to Champaran: The distribution of sites in the north Bihar plains (1996) South Asian Studies, 12:pp. 147–158
Colonial Indology: Sociopolitics of the Ancient Indian Past (1997) Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Private Limited
The Issues in East Indian Archaeology (1998) Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Private Limited
India: An Archaeological History. Palaeolithic Beginnings to Early Historic Foundations (1999) Delhi: Oxford University Press
Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain. The Lower and the Middle Ganga (2001) Delhi: Permanent Black
The archaeology of Hinduism, in Timothy Insoll (ed.) Archaeology and World Religion (2001) London & NY: Routledge
A History of Indian Archaeology: From the Beginning to 1947 (1988, 2001) Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Private Ltd.
The Archaeology of European Expansion in India, Gujarat, c. 16th–18th Centuries (2003) Delhi: Aryan Books International
Archaeology in the Third World: A History of Indian Archaeology since 1947 (2003) Delhi: D. K. Printworld Private Limited
A Sourcebook of Indian Archaeology. Volume 3. Prehistoric Roots of Religious Beliefs, Human Remains, The First Steps in Historical Archaeology: Sculpture, Architecture, Coins and Inscriptions (ed. with F. Raymond Allchin) (2003) Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Private Ltd.
Indus Civilization Sites in India: New Discoveries (ed.) (2004) Mumbai: Marg Publications
The Archaeology of the Deccan Routes: The Ancient Routes from the Ganga Plain to the Deccan (2005) New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Private Limited
The Oxford Companion to Indian Archaeology: The Archaeological Foundations of Ancient India, Stone Age to AD 13th Century (2006) Delhi: Oxford University Press
Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain: The Upper Ganga (Oudh, Rohilkhand, and the Doab) (2008) New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Private Limited
The Battle for Ancient India: An Essay in the Sociopolitics of Indian Archaeology (2008) Delhi: Aryan Books International
The Geopolitical Orbits of Ancient India (2010) Delhi: Oxford University Press
The Ancient Routes of the Deccan and the Southern Peninsula (2010) Delhi: Aryan Books International
Royal Messages by the Wayside: Historical Geography of the Asokan Edicts (2011) Delhi: Aryan Books International
Fifty Years of Indian Archaeology (1960-2010): Journey of a Foot Soldier (2012) Delhi: Aryan Books International
(co-edited with Makkhan Lal) History of Ancient India I: Prehistoric Roots (2013) Delhi: Vivekananda International Foundation & Aryan Books International
(co-edited with Makkhan Lal) History of Ancient India II: Protohistoric Foundations (2013) Delhi: Vivekananda International Foundation & Aryan Books International
(co-edited with Makkhan Lal) History of Ancient India III: The Texts, Political History and Administration, till c. 200 BC (2013) Delhi: Vivekananda International Foundation & Aryan Books International
(co-edited with Makkhan Lal) History of Ancient India IV: Political History and Administration (c. 200 BC-AD 750) (2013) Delhi: Vivekananda International Foundation & Aryan Books International
(co-edited with Makkhan Lal) History of Ancient India V: Political History and Administration (c. AD 750-1300) (2013) Delhi: Vivekananda International Foundation & Aryan Books International
Nation First: Essays in the Politics of Ancient Indian Studies (Including an Analysis of the CAG Report on the Archaeological Survey of India) (2014) Delhi: Aryan Books International
History of Ancient India VI: Social, Political and Judicial Ideas, Institutions and Practices (2018) Delhi: Vivekananda International Foundation & Aryan Books International
History of Ancient India VII: Economy: Agriculture, Crafts and Trade (2018) Delhi: Vivekananda International Foundation & Aryan Books International
The Borderlands and Boundaries of the Indian Subcontinent: Baluchistan to the Patkai Range and Arakan Yoma (2018) Delhi: Aryan Books International
References
External links
Column in the Indian Express
Introducing the Series History of Ancient India
20th-century Indian archaeologists
1941 births
Living people
University of Calcutta alumni
Academic staff of the University of Calcutta
Academic staff of Delhi University
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Archaeologists of South Asia
Scholars from Kolkata | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilip%20Kumar%20Chakrabarti |
Richard Edward Shaw (born 11 September 1968) is an English football coach and former professional footballer, who is under-23s coach at Championship side Watford.
As a player, he was a defender from 1986 until 2008, notably in the Premier League for Crystal Palace and Coventry City as well as in the Football League for both Hull City and Millwall.
He later became a coach and joined the coaching staff at Millwall where he saw time as caretaker manager in 2007. He later returned to Coventry in 2012 as assistant manager where he also took over temporarily. The following season he re-joined Palace as their under-23 side coach from 2013 in a role he held until 2019. In 2021 Shaw became assistant coach for Watford's under-23s.
Playing career
Club
Shaw started his career at Crystal Palace, coming up through their youth system. He enjoyed a brief loan spell to Hull City before becoming a major part of the first team, playing in the 1990 FA Cup final. Crystal Palace were a yo-yo-club at the time after a promising start to the 1990s, where they also finished third in the league a year after reaching the FA Cup final. They were relegated in 1993, promoted in 1994 and relegated again in 1995, with Shaw being established as a regular player by the time they were in this period of instability. They also reached a further two League Cup semi-finals and an FA Cup semi-final in the five seasons which followed their FA Cup final appearance.
One of his more infamous moments in a Palace shirt came in January 1995, during the Eagles' home fixture against Manchester United. United midfielder Eric Cantona attempted to get on the end of a long clearance by Peter Schmeichel and was obstructed by Shaw, who had very effectively marked him out of the game. The Frenchman retaliated by kicking Shaw and was sent off. On his way from the pitch Cantona launched a 'kung-fu' style kick against a Crystal Palace fan, Matthew Simmons, followed by a series of punches. The event has become a famous part of English football's history for the wrong reasons.
Despite Shaw's best efforts throughout the season (for which he was named "Player of the Year"), Palace were relegated back to Division One. They had reached the semi-finals of both cups that season.
Shaw began the 1995–96 season still with Palace in Division One, but he signed for Coventry City in November 1995 for £1m. He performed consistently well for Coventry over 10 years, making over 350 appearances and scored his first and only goal for Coventry after over 250 games against Gillingham in May 2004. He won the "Player of the Year" award at the club in 1998/99 and the "Players' Player of the Year" award in 2002/03. Having spent a decade at Coventry where he had gained much respect from the fans, his testimonial match against Celtic in April 2006 was a big success, with the Sky Blues ending as 3–1 winners over the Scottish champions, before he was released at the end of that season.
He then moved back to south London, signing for League One side Millwall. He made himself an ever-present in the side over the next season, winning the club's "Player of the Year" award in the process, the third club at which he had won this accolade.
International
Whilst at Crystal Palace Shaw was called up to the England squad by Terry Venables as cover for the Umbro Cup in 1995. However, he was ultimately never capped by the senior side.
Coaching career
In October 2007, while still a player, Shaw was appointed caretaker manager of Millwall after the sacking of Willie Donachie. The club appointed Kenny Jackett as manager on 6 November 2007, after which Shaw played very little. Approaching his 40th birthday, he retired at the end of the 2007–08 season and took up a coaching role with the South London club.
Prior to the start of the 2012–13 season, Shaw left Millwall to take up the assistant manager's position at his previous club Coventry City, working under his former Crystal Palace teammate Andy Thorn. The Midlands side had removed their previous assistant manager Steve Harrison following the club's relegation from the Championship. After the club drew their opening three games of the League One season, Thorn was sacked and Shaw was appointed caretaker manager, working alongside first-team coach Lee Carsley. His first game in charge saw Coventry defeat local rivals Birmingham City 3–2 in the League Cup. At this time Shaw succeeded in reaching the final shortlist for the permanent manager's post alongside Mark Robins and Paul Ince. Shaw managed five further Coventry matches, winning a Football League Trophy tie against Burton Albion on penalties, but losing four consecutive league games. On 19 September, the day after the last of those matches, a 4–1 defeat at recently promoted Shrewsbury Town, Robins was appointed permanent manager of Coventry. Shaw returned to his position of assistant manager, but Steve Taylor, Robins's colleague at Barnsley and Rotherham, was appointed first-team coach and Shaw's contract was ultimately terminated 27 days after the appointment of the new manager.
By January 2013, Shaw was an under-23 coach at Crystal Palace. In October 2019, the club issued a statement announcing that Shaw was to leave "to pursue other opportunities". Shaw joined Watford in January 2021, working as under-23 assistant coach under Omer Riza.
Honours
Crystal Palace
Football League Second Division/Football League First Division : 1994–95
Football League Second Division/Football League First Division :Play-off Winner 1988–89
Full Members Cup : 1990–91
FA Cup : Finalist 1989–90
Individual
Crystal Palace Young Player of the Year: 1986
Crystal Palace Player of the Year :1994–95
Coventry City Player of the Year 1998–99 & 2001–02
Coventry City Hall of Fame
Millwall Player of the Year 2006–07
Other endeavours
Richard Shaw is the founder and co owner of Tornado football.
Career statistics
Source:
References
External links
1968 births
Coventry City F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
English men's footballers
English football managers
Black British sportsmen
Hull City A.F.C. players
Living people
Millwall F.C. managers
Millwall F.C. players
Sportspeople from Woking
Premier League players
English Football League players
Men's association football defenders
Coventry City F.C. non-playing staff
Crystal Palace F.C. non-playing staff
Watford F.C. non-playing staff | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Shaw%20%28footballer%29 |
Rülzheim is a municipality in the district of Germersheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km south-west of Germersheim.
Rülzheim is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Rülzheim. Rülzheim station is on Schifferstadt–Wörth railway and is served by the Karlsruhe Stadtbahn.
References
Germersheim (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BClzheim |
The Reesor Siding strike of 1963 was one of the defining labour conflicts in Canadian history, resulting in the shooting of 11 union members, three of whom were killed. The violent confrontation occurred near the small Francophone hamlet of Reesor Siding (a ghost town today), which is located just west of Opasatika, approximately halfway between Kapuskasing and Hearst in Northern Ontario.
Background
Fifteen hundred members of the Lumber and Sawmill Workers Union, Local 2995 of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America, walked out on strike on January 14, 1963, effectively halting operations at the Spruce Falls Power and Paper Company which relied on their logs for wood pulp. Among the complaints of the woodcutters were a proposed wage freeze and a proposal by the company that would have seen the woodcutters working seven days a week over the next two months to meet quota.
Independent local farmer-settlers were also established suppliers of pulp wood to the mill, supplying approximately 25% of the company's annual needs. When they were asked to halt their own sales to put further pressure on the mill, however, the farmers refused. Combined with a separate strike at The New York Times, one of the chief consumers of the mill's pulp, this weakened the bargaining position of the woodcutters. Union members began sabotaging the farmers' stacked piles of lumber, making it unsaleable. The farmers' refusal to support the strike, and the tactics of the strikers soured relationships with the community.
The situation deteriorated to the point that on January 23, the mayor of Kapuskasing, Norman Grant, was quoted in The Globe and Mail: "These settlers are getting so desperate they are going to go into the bush with guns and shoot anyone who tries to interfere with their cutting."
Confrontation
On February 10, a shipment of 600 cords (2200 m³) was scheduled to be loaded onto waiting railcars at midnight, and a mob of 400 unarmed union members had resolved to disrupt the shipment. Between 12 and 20 Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) officers waited at the loading station where twenty farmers were on hand to protect the lumber.
The police erected a simple line made from chains in an attempt to protect the shipment and keep the two groups apart. However, the union members breached the small police cordon. As the union members continued toward the stockpiled pulp wood, a number of the farmers stepped out from the concealment of a hut by the tracks and began shooting before the union members reached the chain. Eleven union members were shot: Fernand Drouin, and brothers Irenée and Joseph Fortier were killed; eight others were wounded: Harry Bernard, Ovila Bernard, Joseph Boily, Alex Hachey, Albert Martel, Joseph Mercier, Léo Ouimette and Daniel Tremblay.
Later, Donald MacDonald, leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party (NDP), would declare that affidavits indicated the police knew that the farmers had brought firearms with them that night, but had not taken any precautions to ensure that they were not used.
Resolution
Following the deadly confrontation, an additional 200 OPP officers were sent to the scene. The Provincial Ministry of Labour quickly intervened to settle the labour dispute. The striking workers voted to return to work under the terms of their old contract on February 17 while arbitration to fully resolve the issues behind the 33-day-long strike continued.
Legal proceedings
All twenty farmers present the night of the shootings were charged, and 5 .22 rifles, 3 12 gauge shotguns, 2 .30-30 rifles, 2 Lee–Enfield rifles, a .30-06 rifle and a .38 Smith & Wesson revolver were confiscated.
A total of 237 union members were charged with rioting and held temporarily in the former Monteith POW camp, south of Iroquois Falls, until they were released on bail posted by the union. Eventually, 138 union members were found guilty of illegal assembly and the union paid in fines.
The case against the farmers was heard in October 1963 in Cochrane, before Supreme Court of Ontario Chief Justice McRuer. After three days of deliberations following a preliminary hearing the seven-man jury dismissed the charges of non-capital murder. Paul-Emile Coulombe, Léonce Tremblay, and Héribert Murray were charged with firearms violations arising from the incident, which resulted in fines of to each of them.
Cultural significance
A memorial to the incident and the dead and injured workers was erected by the union, amid some public outcry, at a cost of . The Globe and Mail reported threats at the time to destroy the monument. The Province of Ontario in turn erected a historical plaque on the site, which is located at .
In 1969, Stompin Tom Connors released his album On Tragedy Trail, which chronicled various real and fictitious Canadian tragedies, including the Reesor shooting. He reported receiving death threats, ordering him not to play the song at upcoming venues.
The incident has been the subject of a number of folks songs, plays, and a CBC radio documentary in Quebec. It also forms the basis for the 2003 historical novel Défenses legitimes by Doric Germain.
In 2005, Brent St. Denis marked the 42nd anniversary of the confrontation in Parliament, and it has also been occasionally raised in the course of the business of the Ontario Legislature as an important milestone in labour history.
See also
Winnipeg General Strike of 1919
Rosvall and Voutilainen
References
External links
1963 CBC Radio announcement
Reesor Siding history page Maintained by the United Steel Workers of America, Local 1-2995, successor organization to the local identified in this article.
1963 labor disputes and strikes
Labour disputes in Ontario
History of Cochrane District
Agriculture and forestry strikes
1963 in Ontario
Timber industry in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reesor%20Siding%20strike%20of%201963 |
Kandel () is a town in the Germersheim district of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, near the border with France and approximately 18 km north-west of Karlsruhe, and 15 km south-east of Landau.
Kandel is twinned with the small Lancashire town of Whitworth.
Kandel is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") Kandel.
Coat of arms meaning
Star: Celestial goodness, noble person, leadership, excellence.
Sword: Justice and military honour.
Sky-Blue (Azure): Truth and loyalty.
Notable inhabitants
The following overview contains notable people associated with Kandel. The list does not claim to be complete.
Honorary citizens
1980: Maria Wiesheu (Sister Himeria), a member of the Order of the Sisters of the Divine Redeemer, a province of Palatinate, Esthal, a long time active as a nurse in Kandel
1991: Oskar Böhm († 2001), 1955-1989 Mayor of the city of Kandel, 1972-1981 Mayor of the Association of Kandel
Sons and daughters of the city
Franz Michael Leuchsenring (1746-1827), author
Horst Schütz (born 1951), cyclist
Ingrid Persohn (born 1952), cyclist and three-time German champion
Nadine Härdter (born 1981), handball player
Manuel Hornig (born 1982), soccer player
Pascal Ackermann (born 1994), cyclist
Petrissa Solja (born 1994), table tennis player
People who have worked in Kandel
Albert Hilger, (1839-1905), completed on the spot starting from 1854 a pharmacist teaching
References
External links
Germersheim (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandel |
William F. Curtis Arboretum (84 acres), sometimes called Curtis Arboretum, is an arboretum located on the campus of Cedar Crest College in Allentown, Pennsylvania. The arboretum contains more than 140 varieties of trees, shrubs, and flowering bushes.
History
The arboretum began in 1915 when the college, at that time called the Allentown College for Women, moved to its current location from downtown Allentown. At the time, the campus was a cornfield with a single black walnut tree. William F. Curtis, a minister and the college's seventh president, would not accept fees for speaking engagements, but instead welcomed donations of trees, shrubs, and flowering bushes for planting on campus. The original black walnut tree was destroyed in a violent storm on August 11, 1983. The campus was officially certified as an arboretum by the American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta in 1985.
Collection
Acer palmatum
Betula pendula
Euonymus alatus
Ginkgo biloba
Platanus x hispanica
Prunus serrulata
Admission
The arboretum is open daily, and there is no fee for admission.
See also
List of botanical gardens and arboretums in the United States
List of historic places in Allentown, Pennsylvania
References
External links
Curtis Arboretum
Curtis Arboretum
Curtis Arboretum
Parks in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania
Tourist attractions in Allentown, Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20F.%20Curtis%20Arboretum |
Archibald Noel Skelton (1 July 1880 – 22 November 1935) was a Scottish Unionist politician, journalist and intellectual.
Early life
The son of Sir John Skelton KCB LLD, Skelton was born on 1 July 1880 at Hermitage of Braid in Edinburgh and was educated at Glenalmond College, the University of Edinburgh and at Christ Church, Oxford, to which he won a history scholarship. He was placed in the Second Class in the School of Modern History in 1902 and in 1906 he was called to the Scottish Bar and therefore joined the Faculty of Advocates. Skelton was respected as a lawyer, but he dealt mainly with divorce cases and those involving disputed wills. In 1920, he was appointed Junior Counsel to the Post Office and to the Board of Inland Revenue in 1921. In the First World War, Skelton served with the Scottish Horse as a Lieutenant, Captain and latterly a Major in Gallipoli, Salonika and France, where he was seriously wounded in the last weeks of the war.
Political career
Skelton first stood for Parliament at the second general election of 1910, but he lost the East Perthshire Division to his Liberal opponent. Despite his defeat, Skelton remained active in politics, speaking frequently from Unionist platforms across Scotland. He was opposed to Irish Home Rule, but he was more progressive on issues like land reform, industrial relations and the use of the referendum. At the end of the Great War, Skelton stood aside and allowed the Coalition candidate in East Perthshire to be elected unopposed. However, he was elected Member of Parliament for the new Perth Division in 1922, although he lost the constituency a year later to a Liberal.
Constructive conservatism
Skelton was a talented journalist and wrote frequently for The Spectator, including four articles in April and May 1923 under the heading "Constructive Conservatism". These lively articles set out his political philosophy—chiefly the pursuit of a property-owning democracy, the division of land into small-holdings, co-partnership and share options to improve industrial relations and finally the use of referendums to resolve disputes between the House of Commons and House of Lords—as well as urge the Unionists to compete with Labour on more typically socialist issues like pensions and housing. The four Spectator articles were republished as a pamphlet in 1924 which had a lasting influence, particularly among younger Tory MPs.
YMCA
Skelton was re-elected for Perth in 1924 and again in 1929. He quickly struck up friendships with the Conservative MPs like Anthony Eden, Harold Macmillan, Robert Boothby, John Buchan and Oliver Stanley and became the intellectual leader of a Parliamentary grouping dubbed the YMCA by cynical older Parliamentarians. The group lobbied to make sure that Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin resisted the influence of reactionary elements in the Conservative Party and instead implemented progressive legislation. Baldwin was sympathetic and it was soundings with the YMCA which prevented Baldwin backing a controversial Political Levy Bill which would have had disastrous consequences for United Kingdom trade union relations. Skelton also maintained the group's journalistic presence, writing several articles for The Spectator, the Quarterly Review and the English Review.
Scottish Office
Skelton switched to the Scottish Universities constituency in 1931 and was returned unopposed. That same year, he was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Scotland with responsibility for health, housing and education. He was a talented administrator but occasionally pedantic when intervening in Commons debates.
By 1935, Skelton was terminally ill with cancer and after several weeks in a nursing home died in Edinburgh on 22 November 1935. The declaration for the Scottish Universities constituency was made three days later and Skelton was re-elected posthumously.
Skelton was cremated and his ashes were buried in Dean Cemetery with his sister. A separate memorial lies in the old churchyard in Kinross on the edge of Loch Leven.
Influence
Although Skelton died at the relatively young age of 55, he had once been seen as a potential Conservative leader and certainly as a senior Cabinet minister. Although he was quickly forgotten among the wider public, his influence, as Harold Macmillan wrote in his memoirs, "on politics and political thinking must have grown steadily year by year". His thinking on property ownership as the fundamental basis of modern conservatism proved particularly attractive and Anthony Eden personally revived the phrase as a political slogan at the 1946 Conservative Party conference. Macmillan then used it as the intellectual basis for the 1950s house-building boom while his successor as Prime Minister Sir Alec Douglas-Home owed his early political career to Skelton as his PPS from 1931 to 1935.
References
Torrance, David, Noel Skelton and the Property Owning Democracy (Biteback 2010)
Torrance, David, The Scottish Secretaries (Birlinn 2006)
Thorpe, D.R., Alec Douglas-Home (London 1996) & Eden (London 2003)
Green, E.H.H., Ideologies of Conservatism (Oxford 2002)
Young, Kenneth, Sir Alec Douglas-Home (London 1970)
Tweedsmuir, Lady, John Buchan by his Wife and Friends (London 1947)
External links
Let us at least give house-room to property tax idea – The Herald article, dated 9 November 2006
Prices on the up but homes ideal has its downside – Edinburgh Evening News article, dated 16 November 2006
1880 births
1935 deaths
British Army personnel of World War I
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the Combined Scottish Universities
UK MPs 1922–1923
UK MPs 1924–1929
UK MPs 1929–1931
UK MPs 1931–1935
Scottish Horse officers
Members of the Faculty of Advocates
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Politicians elected posthumously
People educated at Glenalmond College
Deaths from cancer in Scotland
Unionist Party (Scotland) MPs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel%20Skelton |
Kenneth Armstrong (3 June 1924 – 13 June 1984) was an English association footballer who represented both England and New Zealand at national level.
Club career
Born in Bradford, Armstrong served in the RAF during the Second World War. He was a versatile, tough-tackling and energetic midfielder who played mainly for Chelsea, joining the club from Bradford Rovers in 1946 for a fee of 100 guineas. Armstrong was a key member of Ted Drake's 1954–55 Championship-winning Chelsea side, making 39 appearances that season. He played in over 400 games (including a then-club record 362 league games) for the West London club and scored 30 goals.
Armstrong had a testimonial staged by Chelsea for their long-serving player and a crowd of 14,000 at Stamford Bridge were on hand to see newly-promoted Leicester City beaten 2-1 in May 1957.
After leaving Chelsea in 1957, Armstrong emigrated to Gisborne, New Zealand and continued to play football there for the Eastern Union club. In early 1958, while in Gisborne, Armstrong was offered a playing contract at Melbourne Hakoah in Australia, which he declined to continue on as the New Zealand Director of Coaching. Later in 1958, while still playing for Eastern Union, Armstrong was selected in the Auckland regional representative side to play touring Israeli club Maccabi Haifa Armstrong then moved to Auckland, signing for North Shore United and later Eastern Suburbs, winning four Chatham Cups. He then took over as manager at Mount Wellington, winning two league titles (in 1972 and 1974) and another Chatham Cup, in 1973. He played his last game in 1971, aged almost 47. Armstrong was later appointed chief coach of the New Zealand national side.
International career
Armstrong was a member of the England national team's 1954 FIFA World Cup squad but did not travel to Switzerland, remaining in England as one of five players on reserve status. He won a solitary England cap, against Scotland at Wembley in England's famous 7–2 win in the British Home Championship in April 1955.
After emigrating to New Zealand in 1957, Armstrong played a significant part in developing football in his adopted country and played 13 times for the national side, including nine A-internationals in which he scored three goals.
Armstrong played 59 first class representative matches in New Zealand and scored 18 goals. He played 16 matches in total for New Zealand, 13 against international opposition, and 3 against local sides. Armstrong played two matches for the North Island, one New Zealand trial match, three matches for Poverty Bay (scoring 3 goals), two matches for Waikato/Poverty Bay (scoring 2 goals), and thirty-five matches for Auckland (scoring 12 goals). His final representative appearance was at centre-forward for Auckland against Northern New South Wales in 1965. Armstrong continued playing in the Northern League for North Shore United AFC until 1969.
In 1991, he was posthumously inducted into the New Zealand Soccer Media Association Hall of Fame.
Managerial career
Armstrong was an initial proponent of a National League for New Zealand football. In 1959, as New Zealand Director of Coaching and captain of the national side, he urged the NZFA to investigate the implementation of a national club competition, and to begin contracting top players across the country to limit the player drain to Australia.
Armstrong managed National League side Mount Wellington, and was player manager of the New Zealand national soccer team from 1958 to 1964, taking charge of 32 games in that period, winning 11, losing 19 and drawing two. In 1980, he took charge of the New Zealand women's national soccer team.
Family
Armstrong's family is well represented in international football. His sons Ron and Brian also represented the All Whites, while Ron's granddaughter Bridgette Armstrong represented New Zealand at senior level and at the 2008 FIFA U-17 and FIFA U-20 Women's World Cups.
Death
Armstrong died in 1984 and his ashes were scattered at Stamford Bridge.
Honours
Player
Chelsea
Football League First Division: 1954–55
FA Charity Shield: 1955
North Shore United
Chatham Cup: 1960, 1961, 1963
Auckland Football Association representative: 1961 FA Trophy.
Eastern Suburbs
Chatham Cup: 1965
Manager
Mount Wellington
National Soccer League: 1972, 1974
Chatham Cup: 1973
References
External links
1924 births
1984 deaths
Military personnel from Bradford
Royal Air Force airmen
Sportspeople from Gisborne, New Zealand
English emigrants to New Zealand
English men's footballers
England men's international footballers
1954 FIFA World Cup players
English Football League players
Chelsea F.C. players
English expatriate men's footballers
New Zealand men's association footballers
New Zealand men's international footballers
Dual men's international footballers
Expatriate men's association footballers in New Zealand
Eastern Suburbs AFC players
New Zealand national football team managers
Footballers from Bradford
London XI players
English Football League representative players
Gisborne City AFC players
Uni-Mount Bohemian AFC players
Men's association football wingers
Ken
English football managers
New Zealand women's national football team managers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Armstrong%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201924%29 |
The Chevrons were a United States pop group who recorded the hit record "Lullabye" in 1960. The band featured lead singer Terry Cashman, best known for his baseball songs, notably "Talkin' Baseball", then known by his born name, Dennis Minogue. The group disbanded when John "Marty" Trautman, co-founder of the group, was drafted by the U.S. Army on December 11, 1962.
The Chevrons formed in the Inwood Section of upper Manhattan in 1958. The group consisted of tenor lead singer Dennis Minogue (Cashman), lead baritone/baritone John "Marty" Trautman, second tenor Gary Giordan, first tenor Frank Williams, and bass, Raul Al Conde. Conde was formerly a member of The Spirals from Washington Heights, New York, who recorded "Little Girl" and "School Bells" c. 1958 for George Goldner's End Record Label.
The Chevrons' first recording on Bob Shad's Brent label was "That Comes With Love" b/w "Don't Be Heartless", followed by "Lullabye" b/w "Day After Forever". The success of "Lullabye" landed them an appearance on Dick Clark's American Bandstand on June 24, 1960. "Lullabye" was followed by an album on Time Records called Sing-Along Rock N' Roll, which consisted of covers of twenty-six hit songs arranged in sing-a-long format. Several songs - including "Little Star", "Come Go With Me" and "Little Darlin'" - were released off the album as singles.
Marty Trautman's sister Marion Trautman worked at an advertising company as creative producer. In 1960 she got the Chevrons to do a TV commercial for one of the companies clients, as a Barbershop Quartet, for a hair tonic product called (Dandy Hair Tonic) which was shown on National Television CBS which was one of the sponsored commercials for The Million Dollar Movie at the time.
When The Chevrons disbanded, Conde went on to form another group called The Holidays (c. 1961), recording two songs he had written for the group,"New Orleans" and "Life" on the Sabina label, owned and produced by The Belmonts.
In 1967, Dennis Minogue aka Terry Cashman teamed up with Gene Pistilli and Tommy West on Paramount Records to form the pop-folk group Cashman, Pistilli and West. Their successful debut album, Bound to Happen (1967) included the Cashman and Pistilli composition "Sunday Will Never Be the Same", a summer 1967 hit for Spanky and Our Gang.
Cashman and West later recorded the album Tale of Two Cities (American City Suite) on Dunhill records, and produced several hits for Jim Croce.
Terry Cashman was honored at the Baseball Hall Of Fame for his song "Talkin' Baseball" (Willie, Mickey and the Duke) on July 23, 2011.
The Chevrons reunited in July 1988, to appear as guests on the "Doo-Wop Shop" hosted by Don K. Reed Show on WCBS-FM. In 1999, The Wop Ding A Ling collection of New York doo-wop from the late 1950s and 1960s included "Lullabye" and "Don't Be Heartless".
On December 25, 2011, co-founder John "Marty" Trautman (Johnny '56) died at his home in Coppell, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. His final professional singing gig was earlier that month.
Raul (Al) Conde contributed a short story written about his real-life experiences growing up as a kid in Washington Heights NYC during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s to Heightsmemories.com. Boris Riabov, a documentary filmmaker, happened to read the essay and asked Al Conde if he could make a short documentary based on his true life story. The documentary was made and it is called (Through A Kids Eyes) Part 1, Part 2
Which can be watched on YouTube.com. An edited version was taken from the documentary, also was made called Recalling The RKO Coliseum In Washington Heights NYC seen on YouTube.com.
External links
[ Allmusic entry for The Chevrons]
https://www.dailydoowop.com/lullabye-by-the-chevrons/
American pop music groups
People from Washington Heights, Manhattan
Doo-wop groups
Musical groups from New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Chevrons |
Arion lusitanicus, also known by its common name Portuguese slug, is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Arionidae.
Distribution
Arion lusitanicus is endemic to forests of the western Lisbon Region (such as the Sintra-Cascais Natural Park or the Arrábida Natural Park) in Portugal.
Description
In slugs it is often difficult to establish good criteria for identifying species using external features or internal features, as colouration can be quite variable, and the rather plastic anatomy makes diagnostic anatomical features difficult to establish.
It is a rather large (up to 80 mm long) slug of reddish-brown colour. There are two light brown bands on the dorsum and mantle, the right band passes above the pneumostome. The margin of the foot is reddish or yellowish with dark transverse lines reaching into the lateral parts of the sole. The sole is olive greyish with darker marginal zones. The tentacles are blackish.
Genitalia: Atrium spherical and undivided, spermatheca ovoid, spermatheca duct as long as spermatheca or slightly shorter, getting slightly wider near insertion at atrium, epiphallus longer than vas deferens, vagina longer and wider than spermatheca duct.
Taxonomy
The more well known Spanish slug Arion vulgaris (Moquin-Tandon, 1855) was for a time misidentified as Arion lusitanicus, but the two slugs are not very closely related, differing in internal anatomy, shape of spermatophore and number of chromosomes.
References
External links
Arion lusitanicus at Animalbase taxonomy, short description, distribution, biology, status (threats), images
Arion lusitanicus images at Encyclopedia of Life
Arion (gastropod)
Endemic fauna of Portugal
Gastropods described in 1868
Taxa named by Jules François Mabille | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arion%20lusitanicus |
GAINSCO/Bob Stallings Racing was an American sports car racing team based in Lewisville, Texas that competed in the Rolex Sports Car Series, United SportsCar Championship and Pirelli World Challenge. The team campaigns the No. 99 GAINSCO Auto Insurance Chevrolet-powered Riley, driven by Alex Gurney and Jon Fogarty. Primary sponsorship comes from car insurance company GAINSCO.
Initially, the team's owner and founder, SCCA Formula Atlantic national champion and GAINSCO executive Bob Stallings, drove No. 99. In 2006, with hopes of his team reaching its "championship potential", Stallings decided, two races into the season, to "step out of the cockpit", signing Jon Fogarty as his full-time replacement. Jimmy Vasser drives for the team in select endurance races, and Rocky Moran, Jr. has also driven No. 99.
At Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca in 2008, for the first time the team campaigned a second car, driven by Vasser and fellow Champ Car champion Cristiano da Matta, the latter making his first racing start since a critical injury in a 2006 testing crash.
In 2005 and 2006, the team was known as GAINSCO/Blackhawk Racing.
Prior to the 2010 season, the GAINSCO DP was powered by Pontiac. It has since been rebadged as Chevrolet.
First victory and championship
In 2007, GAINSCO/Bob Stallings Racing won its first Rolex Sports Car Series race – the Mexico City 400k at the Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez. This success would lead to six more wins to break the single season record of victories. This included a streak of three in a row broken at Iowa by Scott Pruett. Eventually, their victory at Sonoma gave them a one-point advantage over Pruett and three markers over Max Angelelli. In the Sunchaser 1000k season finale, Alex Gurney and Jon Fogarty rallied to finish eighth after a series of mishaps and claim GAINSCO/Bob Stallings Racing's first Rolex championship.
References
External links
GAINSCO/Bob Stallings Racing official website
Grand American Road Racing Association teams
Auto racing teams in the United States
WeatherTech SportsCar Championship teams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAINSCO/Bob%20Stallings%20Racing |
The 21st Artistic Gymnastics World Championships were held in Moscow, the capital of the USSR, in November 1981. The championships were originally meant to be hosted in Mexico City, but financial difficulties caused Mexico to withdraw as hosts in March of that year. The event was given to the Soviet Union instead.
Medal winners
Men
Team final
All-around
Floor exercise
Pommel horse
Rings
Vault
Parallel bars
Horizontal bar
Women
Team final
All-around
Apparatus
Vault qualification
Vault final
Uneven bars qualification
Uneven bars final
Balance beam qualification
Balance beam final
Floor exercise qualification
Floor exercise final
Medals
References
Gymn Forum: World Championships Results
Gymnastics
World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
International gymnastics competitions hosted by the Soviet Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981%20World%20Artistic%20Gymnastics%20Championships |
In geometry, a singular point on a curve is one where the curve is not given by a smooth embedding of a parameter. The precise definition of a singular point depends on the type of curve being studied.
Algebraic curves in the plane
Algebraic curves in the plane may be defined as the set of points satisfying an equation of the form where is a polynomial function If is expanded as
If the origin is on the curve then . If then the implicit function theorem guarantees there is a smooth function so that the curve has the form near the origin. Similarly, if then there is a smooth function so that the curve has the form near the origin. In either case, there is a smooth map from to the plane which defines the curve in the neighborhood of the origin. Note that at the origin
so the curve is non-singular or regular at the origin if at least one of the partial derivatives of is non-zero. The singular points are those points on the curve where both partial derivatives vanish,
Regular points
Assume the curve passes through the origin and write Then can be written
If is not 0 then has a solution of multiplicity 1 at and the origin is a point of single contact with line If then has a solution of multiplicity 2 or higher and the line or is tangent to the curve. In this case, if is not 0 then the curve has a point of double contact with If the coefficient of , is 0 but the coefficient of is not then the origin is a point of inflection of the curve. If the coefficients of and are both 0 then the origin is called point of undulation of the curve. This analysis can be applied to any point on the curve by translating the coordinate axes so that the origin is at the given point.
Double points
If and are both in the above expansion, but at least one of , , is not 0 then the origin is called a double point of the curve. Again putting can be written
Double points can be classified according to the solutions of
Crunodes
If has two real solutions for , that is if then the origin is called a crunode. The curve in this case crosses itself at the origin and has two distinct tangents corresponding to the two solutions of The function has a saddle point at the origin in this case.
Acnodes
If has no real solutions for , that is if then the origin is called an acnode. In the real plane the origin is an isolated point on the curve; however when considered as a complex curve the origin is not isolated and has two imaginary tangents corresponding to the two complex solutions of The function has a local extremum at the origin in this case.
Cusps
If has a single solution of multiplicity 2 for , that is if then the origin is called a cusp. The curve in this case changes direction at the origin creating a sharp point. The curve has a single tangent at the origin which may be considered as two coincident tangents.
Further classification
The term node is used to indicate either a crunode or an acnode, in other words a double point which is not a cusp. The number of nodes and the number of cusps on a curve are two of the invariants used in the Plücker formulas.
If one of the solutions of is also a solution of then the corresponding branch of the curve has a point of inflection at the origin. In this case the origin is called a flecnode. If both tangents have this property, so is a factor of then the origin is called a biflecnode.
Multiple points
In general, if all the terms of degree less than are 0, and at least one term of degree is not 0 in , then curve is said to have a multiple point of order or a k-ple point. The curve will have, in general, tangents at the origin though some of these tangents may be imaginary.
Parametric curves
A parameterized curve in is defined as the image of a function The singular points are those points where
Many curves can be defined in either fashion, but the two definitions may not agree. For example, the cusp can be defined on an algebraic curve, or on a parametrised curve, Both definitions give a singular point at the origin. However, a node such as that of at the origin is a singularity of the curve considered as an algebraic curve, but if we parameterize it as then never vanishes, and hence the node is not a singularity of the parameterized curve as defined above.
Care needs to be taken when choosing a parameterization. For instance the straight line can be parameterised by which has a singularity at the origin. When parametrised by it is nonsingular. Hence, it is technically more correct to discuss singular points of a smooth mapping here rather than a singular point of a curve.
The above definitions can be extended to cover implicit curves which are defined as the zero set of a smooth function, and it is not necessary just to consider algebraic varieties. The definitions can be extended to cover curves in higher dimensions.
A theorem of Hassler Whitney states
Any parameterized curve can also be defined as an implicit curve, and the classification of singular points of curves can be studied as a classification of singular points of an algebraic variety.
Types of singular points
Some of the possible singularities are:
An isolated point: an acnode
Two lines crossing: a crunode
A cusp: also called a spinode
A tacnode:
A rhamphoid cusp:
See also
Singular point of an algebraic variety
Singularity theory
Morse theory
References
Curves
Algebraic curves
Singularity theory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singular%20point%20of%20a%20curve |
Mollemann is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Jürgen Möllemann (1945–2003), German politician
, 16th-century German printer
See also
(1935–2005), Dutch politician
German-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6llemann |
Stratonicea or Stratonikeia (), also Stratoniki or Stratonice (Στρατονίκη), was a town of Chalcidice in ancient Macedonia. It was a Hellenistic foundation on the west coast of the Akte peninsula (now Mount Athos), a few kilometers northwest of Cleonae. According to Claudius Ptolemy, the city was located on the Singitic Gulf.
Its site is unlocated.
References
Sources
Hazlitt's Classical Gazetteer
Blue Guide, Greece (), p. 599
Populated places in Chalkidiki
Aristotelis (municipality)
Hellenistic colonies in Chalcidice
Antigonid colonies in Macedonia
Populated places in ancient Macedonia
Former populated places in Greece
Lost ancient cities and towns | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratonicea%20%28Chalcidice%29 |
Madame Arnaud was the widow of a French Army officer, she organized the Volunteer Corps of French and Belgian Women for the National Defense in 1915, and petitioned for the active service of women in the French Army.
References
French women in World War I
French women artists
French artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame%20Arnaud |
A History of the American People is a 1997 book about the history of the United States by the historian Paul Johnson. First published in Great Britain, it presents Johnson's view of American history from Colonial America to the end of the 20th century. This book is 1088 pages long and has sold over 4 million copies worldwide.
External links
New York Times review by Pauline Maier
Booknotes interview with Johnson on A History of the American People, April 5, 1998.
1997 non-fiction books
Books by Paul Johnson (writer)
English-language books
English non-fiction books
History books about the United States
Weidenfeld & Nicolson books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20History%20of%20the%20American%20People |
Ohlone Park is a public linear park in the city of Berkeley, California, United States. Directly underground is the subway used by the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) and . It is part of the Ohlone Greenway.
Description
The park is divided into two pieces: the larger piece is a continuous strip of land approximately four blocks long, oriented east-west on the north side of Hearst Avenue, bounded by Sacramento (on the west) and Martin Luther King, Jr. (on the east). Three north-south streets dead end onto either side the larger part: California, McGee, and Grant. The smaller piece is approximately one block long, also oriented east-west along the north side of Hearst, bounded by Bonita (on the west) and Milvia (on the east). The park is just northwest of the main campus of the University of California at Berkeley.
It is mostly grass with a scattering of trees and includes pedestrian and bicycle paths, a dog park, a basketball court, and a small ball field. The dog park, established in 1979 when the park was dedicated, was one of the first off-leash dog parks in the United States. There are four play areas for children, two for school-age children at McGee and at Milvia, and two for toddlers at Bonita and at McGee.
There is a mural depicting the history of the Ohlone people on the large concrete vent at Milvia, painted by Native American artist Jean Lamarr in the late 1990s.
History
The park was created ad hoc by Berkeley citizens in connection with the People's Park controversy of the late 1960s. After Berkeley agreed to fund the cost to underground the BART lines through the city limits, the land, which was originally occupied by residences, was acquired then razed by BART during the cut-and-cover construction of its subway through Berkeley. After the trench for the subway was filled in, BART planned to construct apartment complexes on the strip. However, after the May 1969 protests and "Bloody Thursday" event over the People's Park site south of the main campus of UC-Berkeley, Berkeley citizens began planting sod and trees on the vacant strip and dubbed it "People's Park Annex".
Although the Annex was the starting point for a protest march on May 31, 1969 and camps there were raided a week later, it was largely ignored by activists after the summer of 1969. After much haggling and public discussion, BART agreed to turn the Hearst strip over to the City of Berkeley, leasing the land for one dollar per year. The preservation of the park land and its formal name, "Ohlone Park" after the name of the local indigenous people, is credited to the efforts of a local couple, Alex and Martha Nicoloff. The park was dedicated on June 7, 1979.
The non-profit Ohlone Dog Park Association (ODPA) was formed in 1983 to maintain the off-leash area, which is dedicated for Martha Scott Benedict, the leader of the ODPA founders.
References
External links
Bay Area Rapid Transit
Parks in Berkeley, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohlone%20Park |
El-Sayed Mohammed Nosseir (, August 31, 1905 – November 28, 1974) was an Egyptian weightlifter. Nosseir won the gold medal in the light heavyweight class at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. He lifted 355.0 kg to book a new world record, winning Egypt's first Olympic gold medal. He was born in Tanta.
References
Egypt's first Olympic champions
1905 births
1974 deaths
Egyptian male weightlifters
Olympic weightlifters for Egypt
Weightlifters at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Egypt
World record setters in weightlifting
Olympic medalists in weightlifting
People from Tanta
Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
20th-century Egyptian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El-Sayed%20Nosseir |
The Mariana UFO incident occurred in August 1950 in Great Falls, Montana. The film footage of the sighting is believed to be among the first ever taken of what came to be called an unidentified flying object. The footage was investigated by the U.S. Air Force, and initially found to be reflections from two F-94 jet fighters, which was later retracted.
The incident
At 11:29 am on August 15, 1950, Nick Mariana, the general manager of the Great Falls Selectrics minor-league baseball team, and his nineteen-year-old secretary, Virginia Raunig, were inspecting the empty Legion Stadium baseball field before a game. A bright flash caught Mariana's eye and, according to his reports, he saw two bright silvery objects, rotating while flying over Great Falls at a speed he estimated to be two hundred to four hundred miles per hour. He believed that they were roughly fifty feet wide and one hundred and fifty feet apart. Mariana ran to his car to retrieve his 16 mm movie camera and filmed the UFOs for sixteen seconds. The camera could film the objects in color, but could not record sound. Raunig also witnessed the objects. The day after Mariana's sighting, the Great Falls Tribune, the city's daily newspaper, described his sighting and the film in an article, which was picked up by other media outlets around the nation. For several weeks after the sighting, Mariana showed his film to local community groups, including the Central Roundtable Athletic Club.
Air Force investigation
After seeing the film, a reporter for the Great Falls Tribune called Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio and informed them of Mariana's sighting and film. U.S. Air Force Captain John P. Brynildsen interviewed Mariana at nearby Malmstrom AFB outside of Great Falls. When Mariana and Ms. Raunig both told him that they had seen two jet fighters pass over the baseball stadium shortly after the sighting, Brynildsen felt that perhaps the jets were the objects Mariana had seen and captured on film. With Mariana's permission, Capt. Brynildsen sent the film to Wright-Patterson AFB for analysis. He told a reporter in Great Falls that he had "picked up about eight feet of film from Mariana." However, in his message to Wright-Patterson he said that he was sending "approximately fifteen feet of moving picture film" to the base for study. According to UFO historian Jerome Clark, this discrepancy was never cleared up.
At Wright-Patterson AFB the film was briefly examined and determined to be the reflections from two F-94 jet fighters that were known to be flying over Great Falls at the time of Mariana's sighting. Lt. Col. Ray W. Taylor returned the film to Mariana with a cover letter stating that "our photoanalysts were unable to find anything identifiable of an unusual nature". However, according to Air Force officer Edward J. Ruppelt, who would become the supervisor of the Air Force's Project Blue Book investigation into the UFO mystery in 1951, "in 1950 there was no interest [by the Air Force] in the UFO, so after a quick viewing, Project Grudge had written them off as the reflections from two F-94 jet fighters that were in the area". Controversy soon arose when Mariana claimed that the first thirty-five frames of his film - which he said most clearly showed the UFOs as rotating disks - were missing. People in the Great Falls area who had viewed Mariana's film supported his claims. They claimed that the missing frames clearly showed the UFOs as spinning, metallic disks with a "notch or band" along their outer edges. The Air Force personnel denied this accusation, and insisted that they had removed only a single frame of film which was damaged in the analysis.
Lawsuit
In January 1951, Bob Considine, a writer and UFO skeptic, wrote an article for Cosmopolitan magazine. Entitled "The Disgraceful Flying Saucer Hoax", it debunked the most famous UFO sightings to that date, including Mariana's sighting and film. Claiming that Considine's article implied that he was "a liar, prankster, half-wit, crank, publicity hound and fanatic", Mariana filed a lawsuit for slander against Considine. The lawsuit was eventually dropped in September 1955.
Later studies
In July 1952, Captain Ruppelt was able to convince Mariana to let the Air Force see the film again for a more detailed analysis. Mariana reluctantly agreed, but only after requiring the Air Force to sign an agreement that they would not remove any frames of the film. The film analysts at Wright-Patterson AFB concluded that the objects in Mariana's film were not "birds, balloons, or meteors". The original conclusion - that the objects were reflections from the F-94 jets - was also ruled out. According to Ruppelt in his memoirs: "The two jets weren't anywhere close to where the two UFOs had been... we studied each individual light and both appeared too steady to be reflections. We drew a blank on the Montana Movie, it was an unknown". In January 1953 the Air Force and CIA convened a committee of prominent scientists to examine the "best" cases collected by Project Blue Book. Called the Robertson Panel, after its chairman, physicist H.P. Robertson, it viewed Mariana's UFO film. The scientists judged that the objects in the film were "reflections of aircraft known to have been in the area".
Baker analysis
In 1954 Greene-Rouse productions decided to film a documentary-movie about the UFO phenomenon. They asked Nick Mariana for the rights to use his film in the documentary, and Mariana agreed. To analyze the film, they hired Robert M.L. Baker, Jr., a scientist and engineer for the Douglas Aircraft company. Baker completed his analysis of Mariana's film in early 1956. He concluded that the explanation that the objects were simply reflections from the F-94 jets was "quite strained".
In 1968 Baker testified before a Congressional hearing on UFOs. He commented on his analysis of the Mariana film: "Preliminary analysis excluded most natural phenomena. More detailed study indicated that the only remaining natural phenomenon candidate for the Utah film was birds in flight, and for the Montana film it was airplane fuselage reflections of the sun. After about 18 months of rather detailed, albeit not continuous, study using various film-measuring equipments [sic] at Douglas and at UCLA, as well as analysis of a photogrammetric experiment, it appeared that neither of these hypothesized natural phenomena explanations had merit".
In 1969 Baker presented a paper at the AAAS UFO panel organized by Thornton Page and Carl Sagan. He discussed the Mariana film as well as other films and photographs of UFOs. Baker concluded that the Mariana film was unidentifiable. He emphasized the importance of improving the quality of photographic data before speculating about the nature of UFOs.
Condon report
In 1966 the U.S. government established and funded a study of the UFO phenomenon. Located at the University of Colorado at Boulder, and chaired by Edward U. Condon, a prominent physicist, the committee's researchers decided to "reinvestigate" Mariana's UFO film. The Condon Committee assigned two investigators to study the case: Roy Craig, a physicist who was generally skeptical of UFOs, and David Saunders, a psychologist who had long been interested in the Mariana UFO incident.
Saunders and Craig soon added a new problem to the case - they were not sure whether the film had been taken on August 5 or August 15, 1950. After interviewing Mariana, the two researchers came to different conclusions about the film. Craig remained skeptical of Mariana's claims that 35 frames had been removed from the footage: "the comment I considered most significant, which Mariana's ex-secretary made to me during a telephone interview...when I pressed for information or beliefs regarding clipping of the film by the Air Force. The very hesitant comment was, 'What you have to remember in all this is... that Nick Mariana is a promoter'. That comment was adequate to close our conversation". In his memoirs, Craig also wrote that: "I would not like to have to defend Dr. Saunders's conviction that the Mariana film is strong evidence that we have extraterrestrial visitors". However, Saunders thought the Mariana film was a crucial case in the Colorado Project's case files. Impressed by Baker's analysis, Saunders was suspicious of the discrepancy over the missing frames at the beginning of the Mariana film. He was particularly concerned with reports that the first three seconds of the film that were missing clearly indicated the objects were spinning discs. He came to the conclusion that Mariana's film "was the one sighting of all time that did more than any other single case to convince me that there is something to the UFO problem".
William Hartmann, an astronomer for the University of Arizona, analyzed the Mariana UFO film for the Condon Report. His conclusion was that "past investigations have left airplanes as the principal working hypothesis. The data at hand indicate that while it strains credibility to suppose that these were airplanes, the possibility nonetheless cannot be entirely ruled out. There are several independent arguments against airplane reflections.".
Today
Copies of Mariana's film currently reside in the US National Archives. It is still featured in documentaries, television programs, and shared online. The film continues to be debated. Since Mariana's sighting, over 100 other UFO sightings have been made in Great Falls, Montana, making it one of the most active locations for UFO sightings in North America. In 2008, the minor-league baseball team in Great Falls was renamed the Great Falls Voyagers in honor of the Mariana UFO incident.
See also
List of reported UFO sightings
UFO
References
Notes
Sources
Baker, R. M. L. "Analysis of Photographic Material Serial 01 and 02". Douglas Aircraft Report dated 24 March and 26 May 1956
Baker, R. M. L. "Motion Pictures of UFO's" in UFO's: a Scientific Debate. edited by Carl Sagan and Thornton Page, Cornell University press, 1972, pgs. 191-198
Baker, R. M. L. "Observational Evidence of Anomalistic Phenomena". The Journal of the Astronautical Sciences Vol. XV, No. 1, pp. 31-36 Jan.-Feb., 1968
Baker, R. M. L. Oral statement before Committee of Science and Astronautics Symposium on Unidentified Flying Objects. July 29, 1968
Clark, Jerome. The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial. Visible Ink Press, 1998, pgs. 397-401
Craig, Roy. UFOs: An Insider's View of the Official Quest for Evidence. University of North Texas Press, 1995.
Keyohe, Donald E. Flying Saucers From Outer Space. Henry Holt, 1953, pgs. 150-168
Menzel, Donald H. The UFO Enigma: the Definitive Explanation of the UFO Phenomenon. Doubleday, 1977, pgs. 110-111
Ruppelt, Edward J. The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects. Doubleday, 1956. pgs. 219-220
Saunders, David R. UFOs? Yes! Where the Condon Committee Went Wrong. World Publishing Company, 1969, pgs. 81-108
External links
GREAT FALLS, MONTANA, 08/15/1950 film at the National Archives
Location: Great Falls, Mont. - Date: August 1950 - Incident Number: [BLANK] - archives.gov
Project Blue Book case file. August, 1950, Great Falls Montana, "The REDACTED Case" pgs. 1-113
Project Blue Book case file. August, 1950, Great Falls Montana, "Photogrammetric Analysis of the "Montana" Film Tracking Two UFO's" pgs. 28-37
Condon Report Case 47 Great Falls, Montana
Youtube excerpts of UFO: the True Story of Flying Saucers (1956)''
UFO sightings in the United States
Great Falls, Montana
1950 in Montana
August 1950 events in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana%20UFO%20incident |
Wideband material refers to material that can convey Microwave signals (light/sound) over a variety of wavelengths. These materials possess exemplary attenuation and dielectric constants, and are excellent dielectrics for semiconductor gates. Examples of such material include gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC).
SiC has been used extensively in the creation of lasers for several years. However, it performs poorly (providing limited brightness) because it has an indirect band gap. GaN has a wide band gap (~3.4 eV), which usually results in high energies for structures which possess electrons in the conduction band.
References
External links
UCSB.edu – Wideband Gap Semiconductors
Materials science | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wideband%20materials |
Fairtrade Fortnight is an annual promotional campaign which happens once every year, organized and funded by the Fairtrade Foundation to increase awareness of Fairtrade products. It makes use of volunteers who support the goals of Fairtrade but who may also be committed to the more general concepts of fair trade, ethical trading or concerned by development issues. The concept was pioneered by the Fairtrade Foundation in the United Kingdom, initially held in 1997 in Scotland and directed by Barnaby Miln.
History
The inaugural national launch was on 12 February 1997 at Augustine United Church on Edinburgh's George IV Bridge by Lady Marion Fraser, chairman of the charity Christian Aid. She broke a bar of Fairtrade chocolate to launch the event. It turned out to be a successful campaign to get every supermarket throughout Scotland to stock Fairtrade products. Barnaby Miln sent supporters of Christian Aid Scotland, SCIAF, Traidcraft, Oxfam and the World Development Movement a list of 85 supermarkets in Scotland's cities and larger towns, and encouraged during the Fortnight to go and ask for Fairtrade products.
Fairtrade Fortnight spread to the rest of the United Kingdom the following year; today, Fairtrade Fortnights are held in several countries, most notably Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Awareness raising and promotion of Fairtrade certified products to the public are the main objectives of the Fortnight.
Usually events held during the fortnight include: Fetes, Fairs, Fairtrade food and drink tastings, Fashion shows, and Community, school, college and university events. These events are often supported by local authorities and governments, Fairtrade Steering Groups, dozens of charities and ATOs, all seeking to ensure that the local populace purchase fair and ethically traded goods.
As part of Fairtrade Fortnight, Fairtrade Foundation brings co-operative farmers to the UK to "tour schools, and TV studios and radio stations to provide a human face and voice to issues of trade justice".
During Fairtrade Fortnight in 2012, the Fairtrade Foundation adopted a theme of Take a Step for Fairtrade, encouraging shoppers to try one new Fairtrade-labelled product.
Fairtrade Fortnight in 2022 took place from Monday 21st February to Sunday 6th March, and included a series of virtual events called the Choose the World You Want Festival. The dates for 2023 are Monday 27th February to Sunday 12th March.
References
Annual events
Fair trade | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairtrade%20Fortnight |
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 25, commonly referred to as Highway 25, is a highway in southern Alberta, Canada, north of Lethbridge.
Highway 25 begins at an interchange with Highway 3 on the northwestern outskirts of Lethbridge. University Drive extends south into West Lethbridge as a major thoroughfare, but is not designated as Highway 25.
It proceeds north passing by the hamlets of Diamond City and Shaughnessy until it comes to Highway 519 where it turns east and then goes north just after the Town of Picture Butte. It continues north until it reaches Highway 843 where it turns east again. It passes by the Hamlet of Iron Springs; crosses Highway 845; and reaches the Hamlet of Turin.
Just north of Turin, Highway 521 branches off to the east as Highway 25 moves north and ends when it meets Highway 526 west of the Hamlet of Enchant.
Major intersections
From south to north:
References
025
Transport in Lethbridge | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta%20Highway%2025 |
The DeSoto Fireflite is a full-size premium automobile which was produced by DeSoto in the United States from 1955 until 1960.
Design
The Fireflite was introduced in 1955 as De Soto's top trim package of the DeSoto Firedome. It was wider and longer than the Firedome and it came equipped with a hemispherical cylinder head, 291 cubic inch displacement (4.8L) V8 engine producing 200 hp when equipped with the 4 barrel carburetor (149 kW) and PowerFlite automatic transmission. The transmission was operated by a Flite-Control lever located on the dashboard. The car weighed 4,070 lb (1850 kg) and cost US$3,544 ($ in dollars ). AM radio was a $110 option ($ in dollars ).
The 1956 model car was best known for its long, tapering tail fins, often accentuated by a two-tone exterior finish. The interior offered bench seating that could accommodate six passengers. The Fireflite had a 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) acceleration time of 11 seconds and a top speed of 110 mph (175 km/h).
Sales
The Fireflite’s bold design increased sales for DeSoto. In 1955, DeSotos sold well with over 114,765 examples produced, making 1955 the best year for the company since 1946. By 1956, DeSoto placed eleventh in U.S. production with an annual production of 110,418 cars. The success was short-lived, however, and Chrysler Corporation discontinued the Fireflite models at the end of the 1960 model year, and the DeSoto brand effective in November 1960.
Indianapolis 500 pace car
In 1956 a gold and white Fireflite convertible was the Official Pace Car for the 1956 Indianapolis 500. While no official production figures for the pacesetter convertibles was ever released, research from National DeSoto Club members has narrowed it down to between 390-426 produced. Indianapolis 500 President Tony Hulman said the DeSoto was chosen unanimously by the track committee because it delivered outstanding performance and had superb handling characteristics.
Modifications and specifications
The 1956 Fireflite had a longer stroke, 3.80 inches, giving a 330 cubic inch displacement (5.4L). Compression ratio increased to 8.5:1 and power increased to . It made up 27.39% of DeSoto's sales in 1956. Power seats were $70, while power brakes cost $40.
The Fireflite’s appearance for 1957 was redesigned with the help of Chrysler Corporation's head stylist, Virgil Exner. The design was bold and radical with large tail fins, dual oval exhaust and triple-lens taillights. The tail fins were not only aesthetic, but helped to stabilize the car at high speeds.
A four-headlight system was optional for both the Fireflite and DeSoto Firedome models in 1957. The DeSoto Firesweep polyhead V8s were introduced with a bore and stroke of X . for 325 cid. The two barrel V8 was rated at while the four barrel version produced .
The 330 cid hemi engine was replaced by a hemi which was 341 cid (5.6L) . The two barrel carburetor produced . while the four barrel version was rated at . Both engines had a 9.25:1 compression ratio.
In 1957 the Fireflite was superseded by the Adventurer as the premium DeSoto model. Nevertheless, Fireflites continued to offer high-grade appointments in a full line of body styles. Also in 1957, a station wagon was added to the Fireflite's lineup. Back-up lights became standard.
In 1958, a new engine was added.
For 1959, the car was restyled. The electric clock became standard. A hand brake light was optional.
References
Fireflite
Cars introduced in 1955
1960s cars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeSoto%20Fireflite |
A number of candidates affiliated with John Turmel's Abolitionist Party of Canada contested the 1995 Ontario provincial election. The party was not registered at the provincial level, and the candidates appeared on the ballot as independents. Information about them may be found here.
Steven Edward White (Ottawa East)
White listed himself as a croupier in the 1993 federal election. He campaigned on a Turmel-led slate for the National Capital Freenet System Board of Directors in 1997, and described himself as owning a property care business in 1997. He has sought elected office at both the provincial and federal levels.
Candidates in Ontario provincial elections
Abolitionist Party of Canada politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent%20Abolitionist%20candidates%20in%20the%201995%20Ontario%20provincial%20election |
Kirt Dean Manwaring (born July 15, 1965) is an American former professional baseball player. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball from through , most prominently as a member of the San Francisco Giants, with whom he played for the majority of his career. Although he didn't produce large offensive statistics, Manwaring excelled as a defensive player, winning the National League Gold Glove Award in . He also played for the Houston Astros and the Colorado Rockies.
Baseball career
Manwaring was selected by the Boston Red Sox in the 12th round of the 1983 free-agent draft but, did not sign. He was then selected by the San Francisco Giants in the second round of the 1986 draft out of Coastal Carolina University at the age of 21. A little over a year later, he made his major league debut with the Giants, then spent the next several years splitting time between the major and minor leagues.
Manwaring earned a Gold Glove Award in 1993. He finished the season with the National League's second-highest percentage of throwing out base stealers (45 percent). He spent a decade with the Giants, until they traded him to the Houston Astros for Rick Wilkins and cash, in July 1996. At the end of the season, he signed with the Colorado Rockies. He finished his last season in 1999. He is currently a catching instructor for the Giants.
Manwaring was a standout baseball player at Horseheads High School in Horseheads, New York.
Awards
A very good defensive catcher, he recorded a .998 fielding percentage and won a Gold Glove award with the San Francisco Giants in 1993. He won the 1993 Willie Mac Award honoring his spirit and leadership. In 1993, he was tied for 4th in intentional walks, with 13, all while batting 8th in front of the pitcher's spot.
Notes
References
San Francisco Giants players
Houston Astros players
Colorado Rockies players
Gold Glove Award winners
Horseheads High School alumni
Major League Baseball catchers
Baseball players from New York (state)
Sportspeople from Elmira, New York
1965 births
Living people
Coastal Carolina Chanticleers baseball players
Clinton Giants players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Phoenix Firebirds players
San Jose Giants players
Shreveport Captains players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirt%20Manwaring |
Mynydd Carningli is a mountain in the Preseli Hills near the town of Newport, Pembrokeshire, Wales. It has both prehistoric and historic remains.
Topography
Carningli (or Carn Ingli) is high. Close to the coast, it dominates the surrounding countryside. It is easy to climb but has a rocky summit and a steep scree slope on its southern and eastern flanks. It is a biological SSSI.
Carningli Hillfort
The summit features a large and prominent archeological site; one of the largest hillforts in west Wales. This hillfort, generally dated to the Iron Age and assumed to be from the first millennium BC. It covers an area of about 4 ha, and is about 400 m x 150 m in extent. The lower slopes of Carningli are covered with traces of Bronze Age settlement (Pearson 2001) and so some features of the hillfort may be even older. Although not one of the largest fortified sites in Wales, it is certainly one of the most complex, incorporating a series of substantial stone embankments, natural rock cliffs and scree slopes which may have been used as natural defences. Inside and outside the embankments are terraced enclosures, hut circles and rectangles. Approximately 25 hut circles are at the north east end of the site. On the other side are three enclosures separated by embankments. Beneath the scree slope on the eastern flank of the mountain are two further massive defensive embankments. The only plan is that of Hogg 1973 - it has been modified by Figgis, and again in recent research by Brian John. According to Hogg, there are signs that some of the defensive embankments and walls had been intentionally demolished, which he attributed as "evidence for systematic destruction by Roman invaders in the aftermath of the conquest of Wales". The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales noted in 2009 that "Such a dramatic interpretation, placing the Roman legions on the slopes of Carn-ingli in an attack on its inhabitants, might be questioned today".
There are records of intermittent occupation of the site in the Age of the Saints, and as recently as the Middle Ages. No comprehensive excavations of the hillfort have been made.
As with other upland defended sites, the economy of the tribe which inhabited Carningli was probably a pastoral one. The site is very exposed, and it is quite possible that it was only seasonally inhabited.
The site is referred to in the Cadw Guide to Ancient and Historic Wales (1992) by Sian Rees, and in NP Figgis's "Prehistoric Preseli" (2001).
Sacred association
According to legend Saint Brynach (a local saint) used to climb to the summit to find serenity, to pray and to "commune with the angels" in the 5th century. In some old texts and maps the mountain is called Carn Yengly or Carnengli, which are probably corruptions of Carn Engylau. Strictly, this would be translated as "the rocky summit of the angels." However, this derivation of the name is not universally agreed.
In literature
Brian John's "Angel Mountain Saga" of eight volumes, recounts the life of Mistress Martha Morgan of Plas Ingli. These books were published between 2001 and 2012. The mountain is the heroine's personal sanctuary.
Industry
There was once a little "mountain railway" on Carningli, carrying broken stone from a small quarry down to a crushing plant on the Cilgwyn Road. Some railway sleepers can still be found in the turf, but otherwise the only traces remaining are the two stone pillars that supported a cable drum — a cable was used to control the descent of the loaded wagons as they rolled downhill, and then to pull the empty ones back up again. This little industry was abandoned before 1930.
See also
List of hillforts in Wales
References
Further reading
John, B. 2006 "Martha Morgan's Little World"
John, B. 2008 "Carningli: Land and People"
Miles, D. 1995 "The Ancient Borough of Newport in Pembrokeshire"
External links
Geograph: Photographs of Mynydd Carningli and surrounding area
Carningli photo gallery
Carningli slide show
Carningli guide
Mountains and hills of Pembrokeshire
Hillforts in Pembrokeshire
Prehistoric sites in Pembrokeshire
Marilyns of Wales
Newport, Pembrokeshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mynydd%20Carningli |
The DeSoto Firesweep is an automobile that was produced by DeSoto from 1957 through 1959.
Interior and exterior description
The Firesweep was a lower-priced entry that combined a Dodge shell and chassis (which featured a 122-inch wheelbase, four inches shorter than that of the senior DeSotos) with a DeSoto bumper and grill. 1957 models were sold only as imports in Canada. While the Firesweep featured DeSoto's signature tailfins, the front clip (the front section, forward of the firewall) was based on the Dodge Coronet. The most telling feature was the headlight design, housed under heavily chromed lids typical of Dodge. Firesweep grilles were similar to those on other contemporary DeSoto models.
The Firesweep could seat six passengers. It was available initially as a four-door sedan, four-door station wagon, two-door hardtop and four-door hardtop. A convertible was added for 1958. Depending on the body style, Firesweeps weighed between . The base price of the Firesweep (1957) was US$3,169 and it was offered in one and two-tone exterior finishes. Features included power steering, power brakes, dashboard clock, push-button radio and whitewall tires.
Production and sales
The first year of the car’s production, 1957, was the best year for Firesweep sales. A decline in DeSoto quality and increasing market pressures led to the end of the Firesweep’s production at the end of the 1959 model year. During 1959 Firesweep cars carried only DeSoto external nameplates.
For 1960, DeSoto automobiles came in two series, Fireflite and the Adventurer.
The final Desoto model, lacking a series name, was offered for the 1961 model year. DeSoto production ended in November 1960.
Engine specifications, transmission, options
In 1957, the DeSoto Firesweep was powered by the Dodge "Poly" 325 V8 with a 2bbl Stromberg down draft carburetor. The 325 was basically a detuned polyspherical combustion chambered version of the Dodge "Red Ram" 325 Hemi. With the optional power-pack four-barrel V8, the 1957 Firesweep produced 260 hp at 4400 rpm. This represented an increase of fifteen horsepower over the two-barrel engine.
The 1958 Firesweep was fitted with a V8 and the 1959 model with a V8
The Firesweep was offered with three different transmissions as well, a two-speed PowerFlite, a three-speed TorqueFlite, or a three-speed column-shifted manual.
The Firesweep was available with up to a three-color paint job (the body was a different color than the "sweep" on the side of the body, and the roof was a different color still). DeSoto offered a laundry list of options for the vehicle to include, but not limited to: clock, AM radio, rear speaker, air conditioning, carpeting, deluxe cloth seat inserts, dual rear antennae, deluxe interior lighting, stainless steel stone shields, power steering, and power brakes.
Australian production
The DeSoto Firesweep was also produced in Australia from 1958 to 1960. Production of the 1958 model began at Chrysler Australia’s Mile End facility in South Australia in early 1958, utilizing CKD components imported from Detroit. It was offered as a four-door sedan with a 350-cubic-inch V8 engine. The 1959 Firesweep, released in July 1959, was also assembled from CKD components, and was equipped with a 361-cubic-inch V8 engine and a push-button automatic transmission. The Firesweep was replaced on the Australian market in 1960 by the locally produced Dodge Phoenix.
References
Firesweep
Cars introduced in 1957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeSoto%20Firesweep |
Aberdare was a constituency in the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It was created for the 1918 general election and returned one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system until it was abolished for the 1983 general election. The Labour Party gained the seat in 1922 and held it comfortably until its abolition.
Boundaries and name
The constituency consisted of the two neighbouring towns of Aberdare and Mountain Ash in Glamorgan, Wales. When the seat was abolished in 1983, it was largely replaced by the Cynon Valley seat.
1918–1950
Under the Representation of the People Act 1918, the existing parliamentary borough of Merthyr Tydfil was divided into two single-member constituencies. One of these was Merthyr Tydfil, Aberdare Division, which consisted of the two urban districts of Aberdare and Mountain Ash.
1950–1983
The Representation of the People Act 1948 reorganised constituencies throughout Great Britain, and introduced the term "borough constituency" in place of "parliamentary borough". The duly renamed Aberdare Borough Constituency was again defined as consisting of the Aberdare and Mountain Ash urban districts. The renamed constituency was first contested at the 1950 general election. It was unchanged at the next revision of constituencies in 1970, continuing with the same name and boundaries until its abolition in 1983.
Members of Parliament
History
The first member for Aberdare was Charles Stanton, Stanton was a militant miners' agent in the pre-1914 era but had become an equally fierce proponent of the war effort which brought him into conflict with former colleagues including Keir Hardie. Stanton was elected to succeed Hardie as member for Merthyr Boroughs at a by-election in 1915 and comfortably won the Aberdare constituency at the 1918 Coupon Election.
By 1922, Stanton's appeal and popularity had faded and he was defeated by George Hall, who held the seat for over twenty years.
Labour's hold on Aberdare was never threatened thereafter although Plaid Cymru did make a strong showing at the 1970 general election. Glyn Owen, the new Plaid Cymru candidate in 1974, sustained the campaign from 1970 but this did not seriously threaten the new Labour candidate, Ioan Evans, at the second election that year.
Elections
Elections in the 1910s
Elections in the 1920s
Elections in the 1930s
Elections in the 1940s
Elections in the 1950s
N.B. Changes in 1950 are from the 1945 election and not the 1946 by-election.
Elections in the 1960s
Elections in the 1970s
References
Historic parliamentary constituencies in South Wales
History of Glamorgan
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1918
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1983
Aberdare | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdare%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29 |
Ibrahim Moustafa (, 23 September 1904 – 9 October 1968) was a Greco-Roman wrestler from Egypt. At his first international tournament, the 1924 Olympics, he finished fourth in the light-heavyweight category. Four years later he won the gold medal in this event, becoming the second Egyptian Olympic champion after Sayed Nosseir. Next year, upon invitation from the Swedish Wrestling Federation, Moustafa toured Europe and competed in several international tournaments. A carpenter by profession, upon returning home he became a wrestling coach, and prepared one of his three sons, Adel Ibrahim Moustafa, for the 1948 and 1952 Olympics. After his death, the annual Ibrahim Moustafa International Tournament was carried out in his honor.
References
External links
1904 births
1968 deaths
Wrestlers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
Wrestlers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Egyptian male sport wrestlers
Olympic wrestlers for Egypt
Olympic gold medalists for Egypt
Olympic medalists in wrestling
Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Alexandria
20th-century Egyptian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim%20Moustafa |
Tras Honan (; born 4 January 1930) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil politician from Ennis in County Clare who served as a senator for 15 years. She was elected to the position of Cathaoirleach (Chair of Seanad Éireann) on two occasions, becoming the first and only woman elected to the position.
She was born in Dublin and educated at St. Leo's Convent, Carlow and at the Mercy Convent, Clonmel. She worked as a housewife and businesswoman before becoming active in politics.
In 1977, she was elected to the 14th Seanad as a Fianna Fáil candidate on the Administrative Panel and served for 15 years until her defeat at the 1993 elections to the 20th Seanad. In 1982, in the short-lived 16th Seanad, she was elected to the position of Cathaoirleach, the first woman to hold the post. In 1983, in the 17th Seanad, she was elected as Leas-Chathaoirleach (Deputy Chair), and in 1987, in the 18th Seanad, she was re-elected as Cathaoirleach.
Family
Honan is the widow of Dermot Honan, a senator from 1965 to 1975; his father T. V. Honan was also a senator from 1934 to 1954. She was also a sister of Carrie Acheson, a TD.
See also
Families in the Oireachtas
References
1930 births
Living people
Cathaoirligh of Seanad Éireann
Fianna Fáil senators
Members of the 14th Seanad
Members of the 15th Seanad
Members of the 16th Seanad
Members of the 17th Seanad
Members of the 18th Seanad
Members of the 19th Seanad
20th-century women members of Seanad Éireann
People from Ennis
Politicians from County Clare
Politicians from County Dublin
Spouses of Irish politicians
Administrative Panel senators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tras%20Honan |
The 1982 Wilkes-Barre shootings was a spree shooting which occurred in the United States on September 25, 1982, carried out by George Emil Banks, a former Camp Hill prison guard. Banks fatally shot 13 people in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania and Jenkins Township. The victims included seven children – five being his own – their mothers, some of their relatives, and one bystander.
Banks' attorneys argued for the insanity defense, but, following a trial before jurors from Allegheny County and presided over by Luzerne County Common Pleas judge Patrick J. Toole Jr., Banks was convicted of 12 counts of first-degree murder and sentenced to death.
On November 29, 1990, the Pennsylvania State Legislature barred further use of the electric chair amid debate that electrocution was cruel and unusual punishment; it approved execution by lethal injection. Banks's case was appealed and, on December 2, 2004, he received a stay of execution following a determination that he was incompetent for execution. On May 12, 2010, Luzerne County Common Pleas judge Joseph Augello declared Banks incompetent to be executed, following a competency hearing held the previous month.
The shooting remains the deadliest in the history of Pennsylvania.
Shootings
On the night of September 24, 1982, Banks drank large quantities of straight gin and took prescription drugs at his home on Schoolhouse Lane in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. The next morning on September 25, 1982, he used an AR-15 semi-automatic rifle to kill eight people in his house, including three women in their 20s (all girlfriends and mothers of his children) and five children, four of them his. Two of the women were sisters. Banks dressed in military fatigues and went outside, where he saw 22-year-old Jimmy Olsen and 24-year-old Ray Hall, Jr, leaving a house across the street. He shot them both, reportedly yelling that they "would not tell anyone about this" before firing. He hit both men, fatally wounding Hall; Olsen survived. Banks drove away.
Banks went to Heather Highlands mobile home park, where his former girlfriend Sharon Mazzillo and their son Kissamayu lived, of whom he had been trying to gain custody. Banks forced his way in and shot Mazzillo. He then shot and killed his sleeping son. Banks killed Sharon's mother, who was trying to call the police, and Sharon's 7-year-old nephew, who was also in the home. Sharon's brother, whom Banks did not see, hid in the closet. He was the only survivor and called the police, identifying Banks as the shooter.
When police examined the victims at the mobile home park, they connected it to Olsen and Hall's shooting, which had been discovered at Schoolhouse Lane. They next found Banks's victims in his house. Police began to search for Banks, who abandoned his car and carjacked another vehicle. After abandoning the stolen vehicle, Banks stopped in an isolated grassy area to rest and fell asleep.
After Banks awoke, he visited his mother's house (also in Wilkes-Barre.) He was said to confess his crimes to her. She drove him to the house of Jacob Whitt, a friend of Banks, where he sent her away and prepared for a standoff with police.
A standoff between Banks and police began. The police brought his mother to their base to talk with Banks. They tried various tactics to get the murderer to surrender, including having a false news report played over WILK radio saying that the children were alive and needed blood to survive. The police tried other tactics to draw Banks out of the house. Finally, Robert Brunson, a former co-worker of Banks, was able to talk him out after a 4-hour standoff. As of September 30, 1982, Banks was charged with eight counts of murder, attempted murder, aggravated assault, reckless endangerment, grand theft auto, armed robbery, and felonious theft. Banks was held without bail.
Victims
Killed
At Schoolhouse Lane
Regina Clemens (29) - Girlfriend of George Banks.
Montanzima Banks (6) - Daughter of Clemens and Banks.
Susan Yuhas (23) - Girlfriend of Banks, sister of Regina Clemens.
Boende Banks (4) - Son of Yuhas and Banks.
Mauritania Banks (20 months) - Daughter of Yuhas and Banks.
Dorothy Lyons (29) - Girlfriend of George Banks.
Nancy Lyons (11) - Daughter of Dorothy Lyons.
Foraroude Banks (1) - Son of Dorothy Lyons and George Banks.
Raymond F. Hall, Jr. (24) - Bystander shot across from Banks' house on Schoolhouse Lane.
At Heather Highlands mobile home
Sharon Mazzillo (24) - Former girlfriend.
Kissmayu Banks (5) - Son of Sharon Mazzillo and George Banks.
Scott Mazzillo (7) - Nephew of Sharon Mazzillo.
Alice Mazzillo (47) - Sharon Mazzillo's mother.
Wounded
James Olsen (22) - Bystander, shot on Schoolhouse Lane.
Perpetrator
George Emil Banks was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, on June 22, 1942, to John Mack, black, and Mary Yelland, white. His parents were not married. According to his attorneys at his later trial, he suffered severely from racism while growing up because of being mixed race.
In 1961 at 19, after being discharged from the Army, Banks and some accomplices robbed a tavern, shooting and injuring the unarmed owner. He was sentenced to six to fifteen years in prison, which was extended when he briefly escaped in 1964; however, he was granted parole in 1969, and his sentence was commuted by then Governor Milton Shapp in 1974.
After his release, he married Doris M. Banks, black, on August 23, 1969. They had two daughters together. The couple divorced in 1976.
As noted by his attorney during his trial, Banks seemed to have been deeply affected by racial issues. After his divorce, he dated white women. By September 1982, he had broken up with girlfriend Sharon Mazillo, who had lived with him at one time, and they were disputing custody of their young son. He was living with three women in his house; they were mothers of four of his children, and one had another daughter living with her.
Despite his criminal record for an armed offense, Banks had started working as a correctional officer at Camp Hill, Pennsylvania, in 1980. In 1982 Banks had told coworkers at the prison that "a race war would soon consume the world" and said he wanted "to prevent the five children he fathered with the four white girlfriends from [experiencing] the torment and agony of racism." He was put on "an extended leave of absence" the first week in September 1982 after a conflict with a supervisor and threatening suicide. The prison ordered Banks to be examined for mental health issues at a Harrisburg-area hospital.
Aftermath
On June 6, 1983, Banks' trial began at the Luzerne County Courthouse in Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania. Banks insisted on testifying. He said that he had only wounded some of the victims and police had killed them. Several scene witnesses, Banks family members, and Olsen testified. Olsen identified Banks as the person who shot him and left him for dead. Closing arguments took place on June 21, 1983. Banks' attorney argued that he was insane, but the jury found Banks guilty of 12 counts of first-degree murder, one count of third-degree murder, attempted murder, aggravated assault, and one count each of robbery, theft, and endangering the life of another person. On June 22, 1983, the jury recommended the death penalty.
Banks was incarcerated in the maximum-security unit at Huntingdon until November 1985. His appeals reached the U.S. Supreme Court, but it refused to overturn his verdict. He was then sent to the Correctional Institute at Graterford, where he was housed in a contained housing unit.
From 1987 to 2000, Banks' attorneys continued to appeal his case. The U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear his attorneys' argument that he lacked the mental competency to be executed. Pennsylvania Governor Tom Ridge twice signed a death warrant for Banks; however, both times federal appellate courts have stayed his execution.
In 2001, 2006, and 2008 the court held hearings about the mental state of Banks to determine if he could be executed. He exhibited delusional behavior that caused the court to rule him incompetent for execution. During this period, various appeals were being heard by state and federal courts. In 2010, another hearing was held on his competency; his attorney said his mental state had deteriorated significantly since 1982. Judge Joseph M. Augello ruled that Banks was mentally incompetent for execution or to assist his attorneys in seeking clemency. He would continue to be held in a restricted housing unit at Graterford prison. As of September 2017, he was still on death row in Pennsylvania. He was later transferred to SCI-Phoenix in May 2018.
Determined incompetent for execution
During appeals of his case, Banks was examined more than once in competency hearings by the court to determine if he was competent for execution. He has been found mentally incompetent on three occasions. In 2006 psychiatrists testified that he was "psychotic, delusional and irrational." In May 2010, Luzerne County Common Pleas judge Joseph Augello held a new hearing and determined that Banks was mentally incompetent for execution or to assist his attorney in a clemency appeal. As of September 2017, he was held in a restricted housing unit at Graterford prison. He was relocated to SCI Phoenix following the 2018 closure of SCI Graterford.
See also
List of death row inmates in the United States
List of rampage killers
Gun violence in the United States
Mass shootings in the United States
List of rampage killers (familicides in the United States)
References
External links
George Banks - 30 years later
1982 mass shootings in the United States
1982 murders in the United States
Crimes in Pennsylvania
Deaths by firearm in Pennsylvania
Filicides in the United States
Mass murder in 1982
Mass murder in Pennsylvania
Mass murder in the United States
Mass shootings in Pennsylvania
Mass shootings in the United States
Racially motivated violence in the United States
September 1982 events in the United States
Mass shootings involving AR-15–style rifles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20Wilkes-Barre%20shootings |
Mistral is a casual script typeface designed by Roger Excoffon for the Fonderie Olive type foundry, and released in 1953. The Amsterdam Type foundry released a version in 1955.
Excoffon based the form of the typeface on his own handwriting. The stroke has an informal graphic quality similar to brush and ink. The lowercase letters are carefully designed to connect on a line to an extent unusual in script fonts. Descenders are long, and increase the sense of motion. The face has several specially-designed ligatures (which have not been duplicated in digital versions). In lowercase Mistral is a true connecting script, similar to cursive writing.
Choc, another typeface of Excoffon's, grew out of his repeated and ultimately abandoned efforts to make a bold of Mistral.
The poster for the film Drive uses this font for the film's title.
References
Bibliography
Fiedl, Frederich, Nicholas Ott and Bernard Stein. Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History. Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998. .
Jaspert, W. Pincus, W. Turner Berry and A.F. Johnson. The Encyclopedia of Type Faces. Blandford Press Lts.: 1953, 1983. .
Macmillan, Neil. An A–Z of Type Designers. Yale University Press: 2006. .
External links
Excoffon's Autograph (many images and examples)
Casual script typefaces
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1953
Letterpress typefaces
Photocomposition typefaces
Digital typefaces
Display typefaces
Typefaces designed by Roger Excoffon
Fonderie Olive typefaces | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistral%20%28typeface%29 |
The DeSoto Firedome was a full-size automobile produced between 1952 and 1959 by DeSoto automobiles, a division of the Chrysler Corporation. Introduced as DeSoto's premium line of vehicles in 1953 and 1954, the Firedome also occupied the least expensive position in the model lineup during 1955 and 1956 model years before it was reclassified as a mid-range vehicle offered by DeSoto between 1957 and 1959.
Topline series, 1952–1954
The 1953 Firedome was introduced just prior to DeSoto's 25th Anniversary in 1953, and arrived as the new top series, displacing the Custom nameplate which was retired at the end of the 1952 model year. The entire De Soto model lineup was restyled and Firedome prices started at US$2,740 ($ in dollars ). During the 1953 model year, approximately 64,211 examples were produced.
The Firedome could seat six passengers. It was available as a 4-door sedan, 5-door station wagon, 2-door coupe and 2-door convertible. The AM radio was US$85 ($ in dollars ).
The Firedome was powered by a Hemi V8 engine producing 160 hp (120 kW) and had a top speed of 100 mph (160 km/h). The car weighed 3,700 lb (1,700 kg) and had a 0–60 mph (100 km/h) time of 15.5 seconds. This was the first time that DeSoto offered an 8-cylinder engine in one of its models since 1931. By 1953, DeSoto's Firedome Hemi V-8 produced 170 horsepower.
Entry-level series 1955–1956
In 1955, Chrysler dropped its 6-cylinder DeSoto Powermaster series and added the topline Fireflite series, pushing the Firedome down to entry level status. Still, the Firedome was not a cheap offering, retaining its V8 engine, but increasing the 276 c.i. displacement to 291 c.i. with a larger bore, a power boost to 185 horsepower, and coming with a host of features and interior upgrades that were lacking in the Powermaster series. While Powerflite 2-speed automatics were advertised as optional transmission equipment on the Firedome, officially the car was also offered with a 3-speed manual as standard equipment, although few were produced.
In 1956,the Firedome V-8 got still another boost in horsepower, to 230 H.P., an increase of 45 horsepower over the previous year.
Midline series 1957–1959
The series was again moved upmarket in the model offering when the 1957 DeSotos were introduced, with the new entry-level Dodge-based Firesweep. A new air-conditioner was offered.
By 1958 the horsepower had increased to over 300 (220 kW) with the option of the 361 cubic-inch (5,920 cc) V8 engine. Zero to 60 mph (100 km/h) now took just under eight seconds with a top speed of . However 1958 DeSoto's sales skidded by almost 60% from 1957's model year output, partially due to the economy and partially because of build issues with the 1957 models.
In an attempt to attract buyers, Chrysler offered the 1959 DeSoto Firedome in 26 solid colors and 190 two-tone finishes. By the end of the 1959 model year, Chrysler was struggling to find buyers for its DeSoto automobiles. Despite the wide variety of models available, consumers shunned DeSoto automobiles as rumor circulated that Chrysler would phase out the marque. A padded dash was standard.
Firedome production ended at the end of the 1959 model year.
For the 1960 model year DeSoto offered two models, the Fireflite and the Adventurer. For model year 1961, a model named only "DeSoto" was sold as a two-door hardtop and four-door hardtop. The end of the DeSoto marque came on November 30, 1960, 48 days after the 1961 models were introduced, ending 32 years of production.
References
Firedome
Cars introduced in 1952
Coupés
Convertibles
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeSoto%20Firedome |
Mr. Robot is a 3D video game by British studio Moonpod, published as shareware, which attempts to combine the genres of role-playing video game and platform game.
The platform adventure part of the game takes place on board a spaceship called The Eidolon which is destined for a remote colony planet when things start to go wrong. The player takes the part of Asimov, a "lowly service droid", who must attempt to save the humans stored in cryosleep. The RPG element takes place inside a virtual computer world in which the player can hack computer terminals to combat defense computer programs via a turn-based battle system.
Reception
The game won the 9.6/10 Editor's choice gold award at VG Core and scored 87% in PC Format magazine, and also won the award for 'best ending' in the PC Format 2007 game awards. It scored 82% in PC Gamer UK magazine.
References
External links
2007 video games
Role-playing video games
Platformers
Windows games
Windows-only games
Indie games
Science fiction video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games about robots | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr.%20Robot%20%28video%20game%29 |
The 2004/2005 edition of Copa del Rey de Balonmano was held in Pontevedra, Galicia. The champion was BM Valladolid.
Quarter finals
25 May 2005:
CD Bidasoa 28-32 BM Valladolid:
Caja España Ademar León 31-27 Portland San Antonio:
26 May 2005:
BM Ciudad Real 39-24 BM Granollers:
SD Teucro 25-37 FC Barcelona Handbol:
SemiFinals
28 May 2005:
BM Ciudad Real 31-34 BM Valladolid:
FC Barcelona Handbol 33-28 Caja España Ademar León:
Final
29 May 2005:
BM Valladolid 27-25 FC Barcelona Handbol
See also
Liga ASOBAL
Handball in Spain
2004-05
2004–05 in Spanish handball | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Copa%20del%20Rey%20de%20Balonmano |
The Visit is a 1964 drama film directed by Bernhard Wicki, adapted by Ben Barzman and Maurice Valency from Friedrich Dürrenmatt's 1956 play of the same name. It stars Ingrid Bergman and Anthony Quinn, who also produced. Irina Demick, Paolo Stoppa, Hans Christian Blech, Romolo Valli, Valentina Cortese and Claude Dauphin play supporting roles.
An international co-production between American, French, West German and Italian companies, The Visit premiered at the 1964 Cannes Film Festival, where it was nominated for the Palme d'Or. It was released in the United States on September 17, 1964, and received generally positive reviews.
Plot
Karla Zachanassian, a fabulously wealthy woman, returns to a decaying village that she had been forced to desert years earlier in disgrace. She bore a child by Serge Miller, who denied paternity. The purpose of Karla's visit is to arrange a deal with the town's inhabitants: in exchange for a vast sum of money, she wants Miller killed.
At first reluctant, the townspeople eventually accept the arrangement and Miller is condemned to death. At the last moment, Karla stops the execution and tells the citizens that they will have to live with the guilt of their murderous choice for the rest of their lives, while Miller will have to live with the knowledge that his friends and neighbors were willing to kill him for money.
Announcing that the visit is over, Karla leaves the town, taking with her Anya, a young woman whose life Karla fears may be damaged like her own.
Cast
Production
The fictional Central European village of Güllen was built on the backlots of Cinecittà Studios in Rome, while the exteriors were shot on-location in the town of Capranica.
The film contains several differences from Friedrich Dürrenmatt's original play. A significant alteration is in the ending. In the film, Serge Miller's life is spared, but in the original play, the character (named Alfred Ill) is killed.
Ingrid Bergman and Anthony Quinn would later costar again in the 1970 romantic melodrama A Walk in the Spring Rain.
Reception
According to Fox records, the film needed to earn $6,100,000 in film rentals to break even but earned only $2,635,000, losing money for the studio.
Awards and nominations
Bernhard Wicki was nominated for the Golden Palm at the 1964 Cannes Film Festival.
The film received a nomination for Best Costume Design-Black and White (René Hubert) at the Academy Awards.
See also
List of American films of 1964
References
External links
1964 films
1960s English-language films
1960s French-language films
1964 drama films
American drama films
French drama films
CinemaScope films
20th Century Fox films
American black-and-white films
Italian films based on plays
German films based on plays
French films based on plays
American films based on plays
Films based on works by Friedrich Dürrenmatt
Films directed by Bernhard Wicki
Films set in Europe
Films produced by Darryl F. Zanuck
Films scored by Richard Arnell
English-language French films
English-language German films
English-language Italian films
Italian black-and-white films
French black-and-white films
German black-and-white films
1960s American films
1960s French films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Visit%20%281964%20film%29 |
Vera Vladimirovna Bryndzei (, ) (born 25 January 1952 in Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukrainian SSR) is a former speed skater who competed for the Soviet Union.
Skating for Dynamo Kiev, Vera Bryndzei won a silver medal at the Soviet Sprint Championships in 1975. She would eventually win two more national medals, both at the Soviet Allround Championships: silver in 1977 and bronze in 1978.
Bryndzei made her first international appearance in 1976 at the World Allround Championships in Gjøvik where she finished 16th. Her only international success came the next year when Bryndzei became the 1977 World Allround Champion in Keystone. She also participated in the World Sprint Championships two weeks later, finishing 23rd. In 1978, Bryndzei did not successfully defend her World Champion title, finishing in a disappointing 14th place. At the 1980 Winter Olympics of Lake Placid, she competed in the 1,500 m, resulting in an 18th place.
Personal records
To put these personal records in perspective, the WR column lists the official world records on the dates that Bryndzei skated her personal records.
Note that the 5,000 m was suspended as a world record event at the 1955 ISU (International Skating Union) Congress and was reinstated at the 1982 ISU Congress.
Bryndzei has an Adelskalender score of 181.847 points.
References
Vera Bryndzei at SkateResults.com
Personal records from Jakub Majerski's Speedskating Database
Evert Stenlund's Adelskalender pages
Results of Championships of Russia and the USSR from SpeedSkating.ru
Historical World Records. International Skating Union.
External links
1952 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Ivano-Frankivsk
Ukrainian female speed skaters
Soviet female speed skaters
Olympic speed skaters for the Soviet Union
Speed skaters at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera%20Bryndzei |
Caroline Acheson (; 11 September 1934 – 16 January 2023) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician.
Career
Acheson was born in Tipperary in 1934, daughter of Matt Barlow, Republican activist in the Irish War of Independence. She was educated at the Presentation Convent, Clonmel, the Convent of Mercy, Carlow and the London School of Business Studies. Acheson worked as a company director in the family business before becoming involved in politics.
Acheson was elected to South Tipperary County Council in 1974. She was elected to Dáil Éireann for the Tipperary South constituency at the 1981 general election, but lost her seat at the following February 1982 election.
Acheson was a sister of former Senator Tras Honan. She was chairperson of the Irish Red Cross Society from 1981 to 1984.
Acheson died on 16 January 2023, at the age of 88. Tánaiste and former Taoiseach Micheál Martin paid tribute to her.
See also
Families in the Oireachtas
References
1934 births
2023 deaths
Fianna Fáil TDs
Members of South Tipperary County Council
Members of the 22nd Dáil
20th-century women Teachtaí Dála
Politicians from County Tipperary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrie%20Acheson |
Egypt competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. 32 competitors, all men, took part in 15 events in 5 sports.
Medalists
Aquatics
Diving
Two divers, both men, represented Egypt in 1928. It was the nation's debut appearance in the sport. Farid Simaika competed in both the springboard and platform events, taking bronze in the former and silver in the latter. Simaika originally was announced as the winner of the platform contest, as his average score of 99.58 was the highest. However, the event officials then announced that 4 of the 5 judges had scored American Pete Desjardins higher than Simaika and therefore Desjardins was the winner under the rules in place at the time.
Abdel Moneim Mokhtar competed in the platform, finishing 6th in his semifinal group and not making the top-3 cut necessary to advance to the final.
Fencing
Eight fencers, all men, represented Egypt in 1928. It was the nation's third appearance in the sport. For the first time, Egyptian fencers advanced to an event final: Cicurel placed 8th and Moyal placed 10th in the men's individual épée.
Football
Summary
Men's tournament
Egypt competed in men's football for the 3rd time in 1928. Egypt won its first two matches before falling to Argentina in the semifinals; the team took 4th place after losing the bronze medal game as well. It was the best result in Egypt's Olympic history, improving upon the 5th place finish in 1924.
Team roster
Round of 16
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Bronze medal match
Weightlifting
Two weightlifters, both male, represented Egypt in 1928. It was the nation's third appearance in the sport. El-Sayed Nosseir became Egypt's first Olympic champion (and first medalist of any kind) when he won the light heavyweight competition. He broke two world records (snatch and total) and the remaining two Olympic records (press and jerk) in doing so. Hussein Moukhtar competed in the middleweight, finishing 7th.
Wrestling
Four wrestlers, all men, represented Egypt in 1928. It was the nation's third appearance in the sport. Ibrahim Moustafa earned Egypt's first medal in wrestling, a gold, by winning the men's light heavyweight Greco-Roman event. He had finished 4th in the event at the 1924 Games. Moustafa's medal was only Egypt's second in any sport; he missed becoming the first Egyptian Olympic champion only because his event finished one week after El-Sayed Nosseir's weightlifting event.
Greco-Roman wrestling
References
External links
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
Nations at the 1928 Summer Olympics
1928
1928 in Egyptian sport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt%20at%20the%201928%20Summer%20Olympics |
The Caesarea obelisk is a red granite Obelisk 12 metres high (10.5 + 1.4 m), which was erected in the hippodrome of Herod the Great's new-built Roman city of Caesarea Maritima , now Israel. The obelisk seems to have been erected after Herod's time, in the 2nd century CE. The obelisk was discovered in 1980, broken in three sections and buried in the ruins of the hippodrome, where it must originally have been a major feature. It was restored and reerected in 2001.
Trophy obelisks were erected in similar urban contexts by Herod's Roman patrons. An obelisk erected in the Hippodrome of Constantinople remains in situ. Another, formerly in the Circus of Nero, Rome, was moved to Saint Peter's Square in the 16th century.
References
Caesarea: obelisk.
Caesarea: obelisk.
Yadin Ronan, "Rising High" A journalist reports on the re-erection of the Caesarea obelisk.
Ancient obelisks
Former buildings and structures in Israel
2nd-century establishments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesarea%20obelisk |
The University of Melbourne Student Union (UMSU) is one of two student organisations at the University of Melbourne, Australia. UMSU, incorporated as University of Melbourne Student Union, Inc. (UMSU) provides representation and services for all current students and the University of Melbourne.
Following the liquidation of its predecessor, The Melbourne University Student Union (MUSU), UMSU was incorporated on 17 November 2005, following approval by the Council of the University of Melbourne in October of that year. Its first elections were held in October 2005 under the transitional clauses of the constitution.
Culture
There is a long history of student activities at the University of Melbourne. The Union Band Comp has kick-started the careers of several well-known Australian bands, and an annual comedy review once produced the Working Dog crew. Several Members of Parliament were active within the MUSU, including Sir Robert Menzies (former Australian Prime Minister), Lindsay Tanner (Member for Melbourne) and Sophie Mirabella (Former Member for Indi).
Theatres
The Union Theatre, also known as the Union House Theatre, was founded around 1953, along with the Union Theatre Repertory Company. A large number of notable Australian performers, writers and other notable people did some of their earliest work there, including Cate Blanchett, Barry Humphries, Steve Vizard, Barrie Kosky, Graeme Blundell, and Germaine Greer. It is on the ground floor of the Student Union.
The Guild Theatre is on Level 1.
Student clubs and Societies
Over 200 student-run clubs and societies are affiliated to UMSU, which supports these organisations though financial grants and administrative assistance. The groups affiliated with UMSU range from the Fotoholics - Photography Club to the Pirates, but the largest and most notable of these societies are the faculty clubs (Arts' Students Society & Science Students' Society) which have the largest balls and parties on campus.
Theatre clubs
Union House Theatre is the facilitator of student theatre at the Parkville campus, and runs two theatre spaces available for use by student theatre groups. Student theatre groups include the Melbourne University Absurdist Theatre Society (MUATS), the University of Melbourne Music Theatre Association (UMMTA), the Throwback Players and the Union Players, as well as groups for the Colleges. Faculty theatre clubs include the Law and Medical Revues. Theatre clubs from culturally diverse backgrounds include Chinese and Sri Lankan theatre groups.
Faculty clubs
There are seven notable faculty clubs at the University of Melbourne: The Melbourne Arts Students' Society, The Science Students' Society, The Engineering Students' Club, The Commerce Students' Society, The Biomedicine Students' Society, The Environments Students' Society (ENVi), and the Music Students' Society (MSS). All clubs run events throughout the year aimed at integrating new students into university life, running social activities and liaising between the faculties and the current students to enable and encourage their studies and enable opportunities for future employment.
Political clubs
Political clubs in 2020 include Melbourne International Relations Society (MIRS) Liberals, the ALP Club (Labor Left), Labor (Labor Right), Greens, Socialist Alternative and Solidarity, as well as clubs representing Amnesty International and the Political Interest Society.
A number of activist campaign groups are affiliated to the student union, including the Campus Refugee Rights Club and the Australian Youth Climate Coalition.
Cultural and linguistic clubs
As of 2023, there are 43 cultural and linguistic clubs. Out of those, there are 29 Asian cultural and linguistic clubs, 4 Middle Eastern cultural and linguistic clubs, 5 European cultural and linguistic clubs, 1 African club and 4 broader cultural and linguistic clubs.
Debating society
The Melbourne University Debating Society is one of Victoria's oldest student organisations, founded in 1876. MUDS holds weekly debating competitions, as well as larger annual invitational competitions for other universities in the lead-up to the World Universities Debating Championships, and the Australasian Intervarsity Debating Championships. Historically, the University of Melbourne has been very successful, hosting the 1993 World Universities Debating Championship, and making it to the Grand Final of the 2003 WUDC. Additionally, MUDS were the champions of the 2019 Australasian Intervarsity Debating Championships. The Society also hosts Public Debates, and is one of the largest student groups on campus.
Special Interest
As of 2021, there are 35 special interest clubs including Unimelb Love Letters and the Bullet Journal and Stationery Club.
Funding
The student union had been funded by compulsory Amenities and Services Fees since 1911. The introduction of VSU saw a significant loss of funding for the union, as the ASF was no longer charged from 1 July 2006. On 11 October 2011 the SSAF was introduced which led to a large increase in funding to the Union, though not as high as in the pre-VSU era. In 2014 the Union was allocated just under $4.5 Million by the University, or 34% of the total SSAF revenue collected.
The union funds a range of services including: the Rowden White library; the Student Union Advocacy and Legal Service; the campus information centre; the Union House Theater, Clubs and Societies, Farrago, Student Representation and common areas in Union House. This allocation also covers staff salaries, and office bearer honorariums. UMSU additionally collects a small amount of revenue from event ticket sales, AV and BBQ hire, sponsorship and other sources.
History
The University of Melbourne Union was founded in 1884 to promote the common interests of students and assist in social interactions between its members. The Melbourne University Students’ Representative Council was formed as an independent unincorporated association at a special general meeting called by the Sports Union Council on 19 September 1907.
The Associations Incorporation Act (1981) allowed incorporation of student bodies, among others. The Students’ Association in 1987 as the Melbourne College of Advanced Education Students’ Association-Carlton Incorporated, and the Students’ Representative Council was incorporated in 1988 as Melbourne University Students’ Representative Council Incorporated. In October 1988 the two merged to form Melbourne University Student Union Incorporated (MUSUi).
Relocation to New Student Precinct
After over 100 years in Union House, UMSU was relocated to the New Student Precinct in 2022. UMSU is now housed across neighbouring buildings in the Precinct, with most of the organisation residing in Building 168 (formerly Doug McDonell Building). Union House Theatre and George Paton Gallery are now located in the Arts & Cultural Building, while the Rowden White Library can be found in the Student Pavilion.
Voluntary liquidation
From 2002, some of the union's unprofitable commercial services were terminated, including U-Bar, and a property deal was entered into with Optima Property Development Group. A draft report from auditor PricewaterhouseCoopers warned in June 2003 that this could potentially create obligations beyond MUSUi's capacity to pay. The deal was for MUSUi to sublease student apartments to international students from the Optima Group. It did not proceed.
On 30 September 2003, Vice-Chancellor Alan Gilbert informed MUSUi that the University was terminating the 2003 Funding Agreement, effectively stripping it of any future money, citing "evidence of breaches by MUSUI of its obligations under the Agreement", (the agreement being "providing facilities, services or activities of direct benefit to students at the institution"). He also cited a "serious breakdown in governance, financial management and accountability structures within MUSU".
On 6 February 2004, the Union was placed into liquidation by the Supreme Court of Victoria after a vote by the Student Union Executive. MUSU's liquidator, Dean Royston McVeigh, said in his provisional liquidator's report, that the Union owed debts of $4.3 million (mainly to the University of Melbourne) but only had assets of $3.5 million. McVeigh acknowledged that these "debts" were the result of creative accounting by the University, with the University ultimately relinquishing any claim to such "debts". As a result, it was no longer student-controlled (a prerequisite for affiliation to NUS) and was in any case unable to pay affiliation fees. A new constitution was approved.
Master Ewart Evans, who was presiding over the hearings of the liquidators' examination until his retirement in 2005, was critical of the "somewhat precipitative" timing of civil court proceedings, which McVeigh quickly settled out of court after much adverse publicity about his own fees and expenses believed to total more than $8 million prior to producing a Liquidator's Report and convening a meeting of creditors. The downfall of MUSU was satirised by the Union Players in the play Friday Night at the Union in 2004.
Recent political history
Following the 2004 annual election, a coalition between the Liberal Club and the Labor right was defeated by a cooperative left, made up of National Labor Students (ALP Club), Socialist Alternative and a group of progressive students who are not involved in other politics called Activate. The positions won by the left groups were for an interim student representative committee established by the University to oversee student representation and advocacy until the incorporation of UMSU.
UMSU saw few changes in its power dynamic from 2005-07. In 2007 National Labor Students held the President, Secretary and Education (Academic) Offices. The makeup of the 2007 Student Council had no ALSF presence (due to the Liberal Student tickets withdrawing from the annual elections prior to the opening of the ballot). The 2007 UMSU budget, due to funding cuts caused by VSU, was reduced from just over $2m in 2006 to $1.23m in 2007. This resulted in reductions in funding for departments, particularly those which traditionally have been considered high, such as the Activities, Clubs and Societies and Media Departments.
In 2008, the National Labor Students and Grassroots tickets, running as StandUp! and Activate respectively, won most of the paid positions in the Student Union. Their tenure in 2009 was highlighted by difficulties in passing budgetary support towards the National Union of Students and Students for Palestine organizations.
2009 saw nearly all major elected positions won by a Labor Right-Liberal coalition called Synergy. On Student Council, Synergy were elected to four positions (two Liberals and two Student Unity) and five positions were won by iUnion, a newly established ticket run by international students and former StandUp! office bearers.
2012 saw the union criticised for the decision to not lay a $200 wreath at the ANZAC dawn service, with President Mark Kettle stating that "participating in the ANZAC Day service would be ‘glorifying war’". There was also a publication in a major daily newspaper that student resources had been were used to support "a live and extreme sex show performed on campus for "sex education" purposes."
2013 again saw the union criticised, when they passed a motion to unreservedly celebrate the death of Margaret Thatcher, resulting in media coverage from the Herald Sun and a large student backlash against the union over Facebook.
Presidents
Affiliation to NUS
UMSU is an affiliate to Australia's peak representative body for students, the National Union of Students (NUS). With the University of Melbourne having over 30,000 students of an Equivalent full-time student load (EFTSL), UMSU is the largest union to affiliate to NUS. Due to this, at the yearly National Conference of NUS in December, UMSU is the most represented student organisation. UMSU holds 7 delegate positions, and a grand total of 182 votes on conference floor. The election of NUS Delegates is undertaken during the general elections in early September of each year.
Initial constitution
The Constitution of UMSU was drafted by a Student Representative Working Group, members of whom were elected in 2004 by electronic ballot; the University Secretary was appointed Returning Officer. The University was closely involved in the drafting process and provided free legal advice to the Working Group.
These student Working Group members consisted of both undergraduate and post-graduate members, and the overall composition of the Working Group was factionally diverse, with the incumbent Student Unity/ALSF coalition being reduced to opposition status. Due to a large number of inquorate meetings, the Working Group instituted a drop-off rule.
The Working Group persisted until mid-2005, when the final draft of the Constitution was presented to the Council of the University. In September 1052 out of 1240 students voted in favour of accepting the new constitution.
The Constitution itself was largely based on the MUSU Constitution, with a number of innovations, including affirmative action provisions, pay-parity and strict accountability mechanisms curbing the powers of the President and Secretary in particular. It also created the Clubs & Societies Department (which in the past had been a part of the Activities Department) and the Indigenous Department.
Paid officers
UMSU has a number of paid officers, which include: the President; the General Secretary; Media Officers; Education (Academic Affairs) Officer; Education (Public Affairs) Officers; Activities Officers; Creative Arts Officers; Clubs and Societies Officers; Welfare Officer; Environment Officers; Indigenous Officers; Disabilities Officers; Queer Officers; Women's Officers; People of Colour Officers; the Burnley Campus Coordinator; the Southbank Campus Coordinators; the Southbank Activities Officer, and the Southbank Education Officer.
Aside from the positions of President, General Secretary, the campus coordinator of Burnley, the Southbank Activities Officer and the Southbank Education officer, all other offices can be shared between two people. The Media Office must be shared between three or four people.
UMSU has a pay parity provision in its constitution which stipulates that all full-time officers must be paid an equal wage and that all part-time officers be paid at a .6 fraction of the full-time rate of pay. The Burnley Campus Coordinator is paid at .5 fraction of the full-time rate of pay and the Southbank Activities and Southbank Education Officers are paid at .6 fraction of the full-time rate of pay.
Elections and current factions
Elections
Elections for positions within UMSU are determined through direct election during the first week of September each year. This sees the election of 32 paid office bearers of 17 representative departments, as well as 21 students who sit on UMSU's peak decision body, Students Council. The election of representatives onto department committees and seven NUS delegates also occurs at this time, with the election of a student representative onto the University's Council occurring every two years.
As of the 2016 election, the UMSU constitution has applied Affirmative Action to the election of positions held by more than one representative. This mandates that in all Office Bearer positions, at least 50% of elected representatives must identify as a woman, with the Women's Department having to elect at least one officer that identifies as a Woman of Colour. This is extended to Students Council and department committees, which must elect women into 50%+1 of all positions. In the election of roles within autonomous departments, as well as the election of restricted autonomous positions on Students Council, only those who identify with the represented group are eligible to run.
The Students' Council, the peak body for the union, is made up of 21 student representatives. There are 15 General Representatives, plus 6 for special constituencies – Queer, Indigenous, International, Graduate, Students with Disabilities and Students of Colour.
2022 election results
At the 2022 election, no nominations were received for the position of Indigenous Representative.
2021 election results
Notable associations
Several Members of Parliament were active within Melbourne University student life, including Sir Robert Menzies (former Australian Prime Minister), Gareth Evans (former Australian Foreign Minister), Lindsay Tanner (former Member for Melbourne), Michael Danby (former Member for Melbourne Ports), Richard Marles (Deputy Prime Minister of Australia), Alan Tudge (Member for Aston), and Sophie Mirabella (former Member for Indi).
Notable past presidents include:
Robert Menzies (1916-17)
Evan Thornley (1987)
Richard Marles (1988)
Andrew Landeryou (1991)
Alan Tudge (1991)
External links
University of Melbourne Student Union Website
References
Students' unions in Australia
University of Melbourne
Organizations established in 1884
1884 establishments in Australia
Culture of Melbourne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Melbourne%20Student%20Union |
An optical flat is an optical-grade piece of glass lapped and polished to be extremely flat on one or both sides, usually within a few tens of nanometres (billionths of a metre). They are used with a monochromatic light to determine the flatness (surface accuracy) of other surfaces, whether optical, metallic, ceramic, or otherwise, by interference. When an optical flat is placed on another surface and illuminated, the light waves reflect off both the bottom surface of the flat and the surface it is resting on. This causes a phenomenon similar to thin-film interference. The reflected waves interfere, creating a pattern of interference fringes visible as light and dark bands. The spacing between the fringes is smaller where the gap is changing more rapidly, indicating a departure from flatness in one of the two surfaces. This is comparable to the contour lines one would find on a map. A flat surface is indicated by a pattern of straight, parallel fringes with equal spacing, while other patterns indicate uneven surfaces. Two adjacent fringes indicate a difference in elevation of one-half wavelength of the light used, so by counting the fringes, differences in elevation of the surface can be measured to better than one micrometre.
Usually only one of the two surfaces of an optical flat is made flat to the specified tolerance, and this surface is indicated by an arrow on the edge of the glass.
Optical flats are sometimes given an optical coating and used as precision mirrors or optical windows for special purposes, such as in a Fabry–Pérot interferometer or laser cavity. Optical flats have uses in spectrophotometry as well.
Flatness testing
An optical flat is usually placed upon a flat surface to be tested. If the surface is clean and reflective enough, rainbow colored bands of interference fringes will form when the test piece is illuminated with white light. However, if a monochromatic light is used to illuminate the work piece, such as helium, low-pressure sodium, or a laser, then a series of dark and light interference fringes will form. These interference fringes determine the flatness of the work piece, relative to the optical flat, to within a fraction of the wavelength of the light. If both surfaces are perfectly the same flatness and parallel to each other, no interference fringes will form. However, there is usually some air trapped between the surfaces. If the surfaces are flat, but a tiny optical wedge of air exists between them, then straight, parallel interference fringes will form, indicating the angle of the wedge (i.e.: more, thinner fringes indicate a steeper wedge while fewer but wider fringes indicate less of a wedge). The shape of the fringes also indicate the shape of the test surface, because fringes with a bend, a contour, or rings indicate high and low points on the surface, such as rounded edges, hills or valleys, or convex and concave surfaces.
Preparation
Both the optical flat and the surface to be tested need to be extremely clean. The tiniest bit of dust settling between the surfaces can ruin the results. Even the thickness of a streak or a fingerprint on the surfaces can be enough to change the width of the gap between them. Before the test, the surfaces are usually cleaned very thoroughly. Most commonly, acetone is used as the cleaning agent, because it dissolves most oils and it evaporates completely, leaving no residue. Typically, the surface will be cleaned using the "drag" method, in which a lint-free, scratch-free tissue is wetted, stretched, and dragged across the surface, pulling any impurities along with it. This process is usually performed dozens of times, ensuring that the surface is completely free of impurities. A new tissue will need to be used each time, to prevent recontamination of the surfaces from previously removed dust and oils.
Testing is often done in a clean-room or another dust-free environment, keeping the dust from settling on the surfaces between cleaning and assembly. Sometimes, the surfaces may be assembled by sliding them together, helping to scrape off any dust that might happen to land on the flat. The testing is usually done in a temperature-controlled environment to prevent any distortions in the glass, and needs to be performed on a very stable work-surface. After testing, the flats are usually cleaned again and stored in a protective case, and are often kept in a temperature-controlled environment until used again.
Lighting
For the best test-results, a monochromatic light, consisting of only a single wavelength, is used to illuminate the flats. To show the fringes properly, several factors need to be taken into account when setting up the light source, such as the angle of incidence between the light and the observer, the angular size of the light source in relation to the pupil of the eye, and the homogeneity of the light source when reflected off of the glass.
Many sources for monochromatic light can be used. Most lasers emit light of a very narrow bandwidth, and often provide a suitable light source. A helium–neon laser emits light at 632 nanometres (red), while a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser emits light at 532 nm (green). Various laser diodes and diode-pumped solid-state lasers emit light in red, yellow, green, blue or violet. Dye lasers can be tuned to emit nearly any color. However, lasers also experience a phenomenon called laser speckle, which shows up in the fringes.
Several gas or metal-vapor lamps can also be used. When operated at low pressure and current, these lamps generally produce light in various spectral lines, with one or two lines being most predominant. Because these lines are very narrow, the lamps can be combined with narrow-bandwidth filters to isolate the strongest line. A helium-discharge lamp will produce a line at 587.6 nm (yellow), while a mercury-vapor lamp produces a line at 546.1 (yellowish green). Cadmium vapor produces a line at 643.8 nm (red), but low pressure sodium produces a line at 589.3 nm (yellow). Of all the lights, low pressure sodium is the only one that produces a single line, requiring no filter.
The fringes only appear in the reflection of the light source, so the optical flat must be viewed from the exact angle of incidence that the light shines upon it. If viewed from a zero degree angle (from directly above), the light must also be at a zero degree angle. As the viewing angle changes, the lighting angle must also change. The light must be positioned so that its reflection can be seen covering the entire surface. Also, the angular size of the light source needs to be many times greater than the eye. For example, if an incandescent light is used, the fringes may only show up in the reflection of the filament. By moving the lamp much closer to the flat, the angular size becomes larger and the filament may appear to cover the entire flat, giving clearer readings. Sometimes, a diffuser may be used, such as the powder coating inside frosted bulbs, to provide a homogenous reflection off the glass. Typically, the measurements will be more accurate when the light source is as close to the flat as possible, but the eye is as far away as possible.
How interference fringes form
The diagram at right shows an optical flat resting on a surface to be tested. Unless the two surfaces are perfectly flat, there will be a small gap between them (shown), which will vary with the contour of the surface. Monochromatic light (red) shines through the glass flat and reflects from both the bottom surface of the optical flat and the top surface of the test piece, and the two reflected rays combine and superpose. However, the ray reflecting off the bottom surface travels a longer path. The additional path length is equal to twice the gap between the surfaces. In addition, the ray reflecting off the bottom surface undergoes a 180° phase reversal, while the internal reflection of the other ray from the underside of the optical flat causes no phase reversal. The brightness of the reflected light depends on the difference in the path length of the two rays:
If the gap between the surfaces is not constant, this interference results in a pattern of bright and dark lines or bands called "interference fringes" being observed on the surface. These are similar to contour lines on maps, revealing the height differences of the bottom test surface. The gap between the surfaces is constant along a fringe. The path length difference between two adjacent bright or dark fringes is one wavelength of the light, so the difference in the gap between the surfaces is one-half wavelength. Since the wavelength of light is so small, this technique can measure very small departures from flatness. For example, the wavelength of red light is about 700 nm, so the difference in height between two fringes is half that, or 350 nm, about 1/100 the diameter of a human hair.
Mathematical derivation
The variation in brightness of the reflected light as a function of gap width can be found by deriving the formula for the sum of the two reflected waves. Assume that the z-axis is oriented in the direction of the reflected rays. Assume for simplicity that the intensity A of the two reflected light rays is the same (this is almost never true, but the result of differences in intensity is just a smaller contrast between light and dark fringes). The equation for the electric field of the sinusoidal light ray reflected from the top surface traveling along the z-axis is
where is the peak amplitude, λ is the wavelength, and is the angular frequency of the wave. The ray reflected from the bottom surface will be delayed by the additional path length and the 180° phase reversal at the reflection, causing a phase shift with respect to the top ray
where is the phase difference between the waves in radians. The two waves will superpose and add: the sum of the electric fields of the two waves is
Using the trigonometric identity for the sum of two cosines: , this can be written
This represents a wave at the original wavelength whose amplitude is proportional to the cosine of , so the brightness of the reflected light is an oscillating, sinusoidal function of the gap width d. The phase difference is equal to the sum of the phase shift due to the path length difference 2d and the additional 180° phase shift at the reflection
so the electric field of the resulting wave will be
This represents an oscillating wave whose magnitude varies sinusoidally between and zero as increases.
Constructive interference: The brightness will be maximum where , which occurs when
Destructive interference: The brightness will be zero (or in the more general case minimum) where , which occurs when
Thus the bright and dark fringes alternate, with the separation between two adjacent bright or dark fringes representing a change in the gap length of one half wavelength (λ/2).
Precision and errors
Counterintuitively, the fringes do not exist within the gap or the flat itself. The interference fringes actually form when the light waves all converge at the eye or camera, forming the image. Because the image is the compilation of all converging wavefronts interfering with each other, the flatness of the test piece can only be measured relative to the flatness of the optical flat. Any deviations on the flat will be added to the deviations on the test surface. Therefore, a surface polished to a flatness of λ/4 cannot be effectively tested with a λ/4 flat, as it is not possible to determine where the errors lie, but its contours can be revealed by testing with more accurate surfaces like a λ/20 or λ/50 optical flat. This also means that both the lighting and viewing angle have an effect on the accuracy of the results. When lighted or viewed at an angle, the distance that the light must travel across the gap is longer than when viewed and illuminated straight on. Thus, as the angle of incidence becomes steeper, the fringes will also appear to move and change. A zero degree angle of incidence is usually the most desirable angle, both for lighting and viewing. Unfortunately, this is usually impossible to achieve with the naked eye. Many interferometers use beamsplitters to obtain such an angle. Because the results are relative to the wavelength of the light, accuracy can also be increased by using light of shorter wavelengths, although the 632 nm line from a helium–neon laser is often used as the standard.
No surface is ever completely flat. Therefore, any errors or irregularities that exist on the optical flat will affect the results of the test. Optical flats are extremely sensitive to temperature changes, which can cause temporary surface deviations resulting from uneven thermal expansion. The glass often experiences poor thermal conduction, taking a long time to reach thermal equilibrium. Merely handling the flats can transfer enough heat to offset the results, so glasses such as fused silica or borosilicate are used, which have very low coefficients of thermal expansion. The glass needs to be hard and very stable, and is usually very thick to prevent flexing. When measuring on the nanometre scale, the slightest bit of pressure can cause the glass to flex enough to distort the results. Therefore, a very flat and stable work-surface is also needed, on which the test can be performed, preventing both the flat and the test-piece from sagging under their combined weight, Often, a precision-ground surface plate is used as a work surface, providing a steady table-top for testing upon. To provide an even flatter surface, sometimes the test may be performed on top of another optical flat, with the test surface sandwiched in the middle.
Absolute flatness
Absolute flatness is the flatness of an object when measured against an absolute scale, in which the reference flat (standard) is completely free of irregularities. The flatness of any optical flat is relative to the flatness of the original standard that was used to calibrate it. Therefore, because both surfaces have some irregularities, there are few ways to know the true, absolute flatness of any optical flat. The only surface that can achieve nearly absolute flatness is a liquid surface, such as mercury, and can sometimes achieve flatness readings to within λ/100, which equates to a deviation of only 6.32 nm (632 nm/100). However, liquid flats are very difficult to use and align properly, so they are typically only used when preparing a standard flat for calibrating other flats.
The other method for determining absolute flatness is the "three-flat test." In this test, three flats of equal size and shape are tested against each other. By analyzing the patterns and their different phase shifts, the absolute contours of each surface can be extrapolated. This usually requires at least twelve individual tests, checking each flat against every other flat in at least two different orientations. To eliminate any errors, the flats sometimes may be tested while resting on edge, rather than lying flat, helping to prevent sagging.
Wringing
Wringing occurs when nearly all of the air becomes forced out from between the surfaces, causing the surfaces to lock together, partly through the vacuum between them. The flatter the surfaces; the better they will wring together, especially when the flatness extends all the way to the edges. If two surfaces are very flat, they may become wrung together so tightly that a lot of force may be needed to separate them.
The interference fringes typically only form once the optical flat begins to wring to the testing surface. If the surfaces are clean and very flat, they will begin to wring almost immediately after the first contact. After wringing begins, as air is slowly forced out from between the surfaces, an optical wedge forms between the surfaces. The interference fringes form perpendicular to this wedge. As the air is forced out, the fringes will appear to move toward the thickest gap, spreading out and becoming wider but fewer. As the air is forced out, the vacuum holding the surfaces together becomes stronger. The optical flat should usually never be allowed to fully wring to the surface, otherwise it can be scratched or even broken when separating them. In some cases, if left for many hours, a block of wood may be needed to knock them loose. Testing flatness with an optical flat is typically done as soon a viable interference pattern develops, and then the surfaces are separated before they can fully wring. Because the angle of the wedge is extremely shallow and the gap extremely small, wringing may take a few hours to complete. Sliding the flat in relation to the surface can speed up wringing, but trying to press the air out will have little effect.
If the surfaces are insufficiently flat, if any oil films or impurities exist on the surface, or if slight dust-particles land between the surfaces, they may not wring at all. Therefore, the surfaces must be very clean and free of debris to get an accurate measurement.
Determining surface shape
The fringes act very much like the lines on a topography map, where the fringes are always perpendicular to the wedge between the surfaces. When wringing first begins, there is a large angle in the air wedge and the fringes will resemble grid topography-lines. If the fringes are straight; then the surface is flat. If the surfaces are allowed to fully wring and become parallel, the straight fringes will widen until only a dark fringe remains, and they will disappear completely. If the surface is not flat, the grid lines will have some bends in them, indicating the topography of the surface. Straight fringes with bends in them may indicate a raised elevation or a depression. Straight fringes with a "V" shape in the middle indicate a ridge or valley running across the center, while straight fringes with curves near the ends indicate edges that are either rounded-off or have a raised lip.
If the surfaces are not completely flat, as wringing progresses the fringes will widen and continue to bend. When fully wrung, they will resemble contour topography-lines, indicating the deviations on the surface. Rounded fringes indicate gentle sloping or slightly cylindrical surfaces, while tight corners in the fringes indicate sharp angles in the surface. Small, round circles may indicate bumps or depressions, while concentric circles indicate a conical shape. Unevenly spaced concentric circles indicate a convex or concave surface. Before the surfaces fully wring, these fringes will be distorted due to the added angle of the air wedge, changing into the contours as the air is slowly pushed out.
A single dark-fringe has the same gap thickness, following a line that runs the entire length of the fringe. The adjacent bright-fringe will indicate a thickness which is either 1/2 of the wavelength narrower or 1/2 of the wavelength wider. The thinner and closer the fringes are; the steeper the slope is, while wider fringes, spaced further apart, show a shallower slope. Unfortunately, it is impossible to tell whether the fringes are indicating an uphill or downhill slope from just a single view of the fringes alone, because the adjacent fringes can be going either way. A ring of concentric circles can indicate that the surface is either concave or convex, which is an effect similar to the hollow-mask illusion.
There are three ways to test the surface for shape, but the most common is the "finger-pressure test." In this test, slight pressure is applied to the flat, to see which way the fringes move. The fringes will move away from the narrow end of the wedge. If the testing surface is concave, when pressure is applied to the center of the rings, the flat will flex a little and the fringes will appear to move inward. However, if the surface is convex, the flat will be in point-contact with the surface in that spot, so it will have no room to flex. Thus, the fringes will remain stationary, merely growing a little wider. If pressure is applied to the edge of the flat something similar happens. If the surface is convex the flat will rock a little, causing the fringes to move toward the finger. However, if the surface is concave the flat will flex a little, and the fringes will move away from the finger toward the center. Although this is called a "finger" pressure test, a wooden stick or some other instrument is often used to avoid heating the glass (with the mere weight of a toothpick often being enough pressure).
Another method involves exposing the flat to white light, allowing rainbow fringes to form, and then pressing in the center. If the surface is concave, there will be point-contact along the edge, and the outer fringe will turn dark. If the surface is convex, there will be point-contact in the center, and the central fringe will turn dark. Much like tempering colors of steel, the fringes will be slightly brownish at the narrower side of the fringe and blue on the wider side, so if the surface is concave the blue will be on the inside of the rings, but if convex the blue will be on the outside.
The third method involves moving the eye in relation to the flat. When moving the eye from a zero-degree angle of incidence to an oblique angle, the fringes will appear to move. If the testing surface is concave, the fringes will appear to move toward the center. If the surface is convex, the fringes will move away from the center. To get a truly accurate reading of the surface, the test should usually be performed in at least two different directions. As grid lines, the fringes only represent part of a grid, so a valley running across the surface may only show as a slight bend in the fringe if it is running parallel to the valley. However, if the optical flat is rotated 90 degrees and retested, the fringes will run perpendicular to the valley and it will show up as a row of "V" or "U" shaped contours in the fringes. By testing in more than one orientation, a better map of the surface can be made.
Long-term stability
During reasonable care and use, optical flats need to maintain their flatness over long periods of time. Therefore, hard glasses with low coefficients of thermal expansion, such as fused silica, are often used for the manufacturing material. However, a few laboratory measurements of room temperature, fused-silica optical-flats have shown a motion consistent with a material viscosity on the order of 1017–1018 Pa·s. This equates to a deviation of a few nanometres over the period of a decade. Because the flatness of an optical flat is relative to the flatness of the original test flat, the true (absolute) flatness at the time of manufacture can only be determined by performing an interferometer test using a liquid flat, or by performing a "three flat test", in which the interference patterns produced by three flats are computer-analyzed. A few tests that have been carried out have shown that a deviation sometimes occurs on the fused silica's surface. However, the tests show that the deformation may be sporadic, with only some of the flats deforming during the test period, some partially deforming, and others remaining the same. The cause of the deformation is unknown and would never be visible to the human eye during a lifetime. (A λ/4 flat has a normal surface-deviation of 158 nanometres, while a λ/20 flat has a normal deviation of over 30 nm.) This deformation has only been observed in fused silica, while soda-lime glass still shows a viscosity of 1041Pa·s, which is many orders of magnitude higher.
See also
Newton's rings
Optical contact bonding
Gauge block, another type of component designed for flatness
Surface plate
References
Optical devices | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20flat |
Pernille Rosenkrantz-Theil (born 17 January 1977 in Skælskør) is a Danish politician, who is a member of the Folketing for the Social Democrats political party. From 2019 to 2022, she has served as Minister of Children and Education. She was elected into parliament at the 2011 Danish general election. She had previously been a member of parliament from 2001 to 2007 as a member of the Red-Green Alliance. From 2011 to 2014, she was the spokesperson on climate and energy for the Social Democrats.
Political career
From April 20 to July 31, 1999, Rosenkrantz-Theil was a temporary member of the parliament. She was elected to the parliament in 2001. From 1996 to 2007, she was a member of the central board and working committee of Red-Green Alliance. She was spokeswoman for equality, health, financial, educational, and ecclesiastical affairs. After a break from politics she joined the Social Democrats and was elected to the parliament in 2011. On 27 June 2019, she became the Minister of Education in the Frederiksen Cabinet.
Background
Rosenkrantz-Theil has been active in organizational activism and politics from an early age. During her high school years, from 1992 to 1995, she was a member of the executive committee of "Danske Gymnnasieelevers Sammenslutning" (Union of Upper Secondary School Students), an organization which works to improve high school students' conditions in Denmark. In 1998, she was campaign leader of "Operation Dagsværk" (Operation Day's Work), a nationwide charity activist day for Danish high school students. In her work life, Rosenkrantz-Theil has worked as consultant for Danish unions amongst other jobs. Rosenkrantz-Theil completed her bachelor's degree in political science in 2004 from the University of Copenhagen.
Bibliography
Hvilket velfærdssamfund? (2019)
Det betaler sig at investere i mennesker - en bog om sociale investeringer, tidlig indsats, finansministeriets regnemodeller & SØM (2018, co-author)
Ned og op med stress (2010)
Fra kamp til kultur - 20 smagsdommere skyder med skarpt (2004, contributor)
En dollar om dagen (2001, contributor)
References
External links
Operation Dagsværk
The Danish Red-Green Alliance
|-
1977 births
Living people
People from Slagelse Municipality
Danish writers
Social Democrats (Denmark) politicians
Red–Green Alliance (Denmark) politicians
Women government ministers of Denmark
Education ministers of Denmark
Women members of the Folketing
21st-century Danish women politicians
Rosenkrantz family
Members of the Folketing 2001–2005
Members of the Folketing 2005–2007
Members of the Folketing 2011–2015
Members of the Folketing 2015–2019
Members of the Folketing 2019–2022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernille%20Rosenkrantz-Theil |
The Communist Party of Canada - Marxist-Leninist (CPC (M-L)) ran fifty-one candidates in the 1993 federal election, none of whom were elected. Information about these candidates may be found here.
List of candidates
Ontario (incomplete)
References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist%20Party%20of%20Canada%20%28Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist%29%20candidates%20in%20the%201993%20Canadian%20federal%20election |
Brian Mullooly (born 21 February 1935) is an Irish former Fianna Fáil party politician known for serving as Cathaoirleach in November 1996, and from 1997 to 2002.
He was born in Strokestown, County Roscommon, and educated at Summerhill College, Sligo and at St. Patricks Teacher Training College in Dublin. He worked as a national school teacher before becoming involved in politics. Mullooly served in Seanad Éireann for over twenty years, holding the post of Cathaoirleach from 16 November to 27 November 1996 and from 1997 to 2002.
References
1935 births
Living people
Fianna Fáil senators
Cathaoirligh of Seanad Éireann
Members of the 15th Seanad
Members of the 16th Seanad
Members of the 17th Seanad
Members of the 18th Seanad
Members of the 19th Seanad
Members of the 20th Seanad
Members of the 21st Seanad
Members of Roscommon County Council
Politicians from County Roscommon
Alumni of St Patrick's College, Dublin
People from Strokestown
Labour Panel senators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Mullooly |
Edwin Henry Killian (November 12, 1876 – July 18, 1928), nicknamed "Twilight Ed" and the "Twilight Twirler", was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball.
Killian played professional baseball from 1902 to 1912, including seven seasons with the Detroit Tigers from 1904 to 1910. He recorded an MLB won-loss record of 103–78 for a winning percentage of .569. Twice a 20-game winner (including a 25–13 season in 1907), Killian's career earned run average (ERA) of 2.38 ranks 26th best in major league history. He also helped lead the Tigers to three consecutive American League pennants from 1907 to 1909, including winning both games of a doubleheader on September 30, 1909, to clinch the third pennant. As a hitter, Killian posted a .209 batting average (127-for-609) with 56 runs, 52 RBI and 16 bases on balls.
Killian allowed only nine home runs during his major league career. He holds the major league record for the longest streak without allowing a home run – a streak of 1,001 innings that ran from September 19, 1903, to August 7, 1907.
Killian played in the minor leagues for the Rockford Red Sox of the Three-I League (1902–1903) and the Toronto Maple Leafs of the International League (1910–1911).
Early years
Killian was born in 1876 in Racine, Wisconsin. He did not begin playing professional baseball until he was in his mid-20s. He played independent baseball in Racine and worked in a planing mill where he was "receiving $1.25 per day for ten hours of hard manual labor."
Professional baseball career
Rockford and Cleveland (1902–03)
Killian began playing professional baseball in the spring of 1902 with the Rockford Red Sox of the Three-I League for a salary of $75 per month. He started 38 games at Rockford and compiled a 21-15 record with a 2.80 earned run average (ERA). Killian returned to Rockford in 1903 and compiled a 14-10 record in 24 games.
In August 1903, Killian was sold by the Rockford team to the Cleveland Naps. Killian made his major league debut with Cleveland on August 25, 1903. He appeared in nine games in the closing weeks of the 1903 season, compiling a 3-4 record with a 2.48 ERA.
Detroit Tigers (1904–10)
The "twilight twirler"
In January 1904, Killian was traded by the Naps with Jesse Stovall to the Detroit Tigers for Billy Lush. Killian pitched the rest of his major league career with the Tigers. In 1904, Killian had 32 complete games and a 2.44 ERA in 331 innings, but lost 20 games. The 1904 Tigers team (one year before the arrival of Ty Cobb) was a weak-hitting group that compiled a .231 team batting average and finished in seventh place.
As proof that his 1904 win–loss record was not indicative of his talents, Killian battled Cy Young in one of the most remarkable pitching duels in history on May 11, 1904. Young and Killian each pitched 14 scoreless innings, before the Red Sox scored a run in the 15th inning, winning 1–0. Early in his career with the Tigers, Killian received the nicknames "Twilight Ed" and the "Twilight Twirler" after pitching multiple extra-inning games that extended into the twilight hours.
In 1905, Killian reduced his ERA further to 2.27. He started 37 games and completed 33. He wound up with a 23–14 record, the third best win total in the American League and fourth best in complete games. His eight shutouts in 1905 was tops in the American League.
Suspension in 1906
Killian started only 16 games in 1906 and finished 10–6 with a 3.43 ERA. He missed several weeks of the season in August and September. He was suspended after a series of incidents in which he destroyed a telephone and various articles of furniture in the clubhouse in a rage, showed up on multiple occasions not "in condition to play ball", and trouble under the grandstand in which officers had to be called to prevent Killian from going on the field. During the suspension, Killian left Detroit and pitched semipro ball in Chicago (for $100 per game) and did not pitch in a game for the Tigers until September 19.
1,001 innings without a home run
Between September 19, 1903, and August 7, 1907, a span of nearly four years and 1,001 innings, he did not allow an opposing batter to hit a home run. In his entire career, he allowed only nine home runs – an average of one home run every 178 innings. According to BaseballLibrary.com, he was "the hardest pitcher to homer against in ML history." He reportedly used a "sinkerball" to induce batters to hit groundballs.
Three consecutive American League pennants
In 1907, Killian had the best season of his career. He started 41 games and compiled a 25–13 record with a 1.78 ERA. His ERA was 81 points lower than the league average of 2.59. He ranked among the American League's leaders with his 1.78 ERA (second), 25 wins (third), 29 complete games (sixth), and 1,270 batters faced (sixth). Killian also excelled as a batter in 1907, compiling a .320 batting average and .410 slugging percentage. His batting average was 73 points higher than the league average of .247.
Killian's 8.0 wins above replacement (WAR) in 1907 was the highest of any player in the American League at any position, higher even than teammate Ty Cobb. Only Honus Wagner in the National League had a higher WAR rating at 9.0.
Killian's performance helped lead the 1907 Tigers to their first American League pennant and was one of the best pitching performances in the club's history. Unfortunately, Killian's arm was worn out for the post-season, and he pitched only four innings in relief with no decision during the 1907 World Series against the Chicago Cubs.
In 1908, Killian appeared in 27 games and compiled a 12-9 record and 2.99 ERA as the Tigers won their second consecutive pennant. He also started one game in the 1908 World Series, giving up five hits, three walks, and three earned runs in innings.
In 1909, Killian did not appear in his first game until mid-May. He ultimately appeared in 25 games and compiled an 11-9 record with a 1.71 ERA. On September 30, 1909, he pitched both games of a doubleheader against Boston and won both games to help the Tigers clinch their third consecutive American League pennant. He was pitching a no-hitter in the first game until the eighth inning and was then removed after the eighth inning to rest up for the second game. The Tigers won the first game by a 5-0 score. In the second game, Killian pitched a complete game (bringing his day's total to 17 innings), and the Tigers won by an 8-3 score.
Final season
In 1910, Killian appeared in only 11 games for the Tigers, compiling a 4-3 record with a 3.04 ERA. He appeared in his final major league game on July 15, 1910. After seven seasons in a Detroit uniform, he was sold to the Toronto Maple Leafs of the International League on August 2, 1910. At the time of his release, the Detroit Free Press wrote: "Gameness has been one of Killian's chief assets. He has the reputation of being as nervy a pitcher as ever stepped to the slab and repeatedly won games when his arm was out of condition through sheer pluck. Killian also is the possessor of a great pitching head, studying the opposing batsmen and preying upon their weaknesses. For a slabman, he hits well and also is a good fielder."
Toronto Maple Leafs (1910–11)
In 1910 and 1911, Killian played for the Toronto Maple Leafs of the Eastern League. He compiled a 2-6 record with a 1.96 ERA in 1910 and a 4-3 record and 3.51 ERA in 1911.
Family and later years
Killian was married to Lottie McAfee in June 1908 at Alpena, Michigan. She died in 1920, and he was subsequently married to Millie Ann Moore in 1920. He had no children. In the last years of his life, he worked at an automobile factory in Detroit.
In 1928, Killian died at his home in Detroit at age 51 after battling cancer for several months. He was buried at Detroit's Woodlawn Cemetery.
See also
List of Major League Baseball career ERA leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual shutout leaders
List of Major League Baseball individual streaks
References
External links
1876 births
1928 deaths
Major League Baseball pitchers
Cleveland Naps players
Detroit Tigers players
Rockford Red Sox players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players
Baseball players from Racine, Wisconsin
Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Detroit)
Deaths from cancer in Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Killian |
Winifred Beach is a locally popular public beach in Portland, Jamaica.
A campaign is in progress to keep the beach public in the face of corporate efforts to privatize, develop, and enclose the surrounding area to all but paid access.
See also
List of beaches in Jamaica
References
External links
Virtual Travel Globe - 360 degree panorama of the beach
Photos:
Beaches of Jamaica
Geography of Portland Parish
Tourist attractions in Portland Parish | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winifred%20Beach |
Summit Point Motorsports Park is a road racing and driver training facility located in Jefferson County, West Virginia about two hours west of Washington, D.C. in the state's Eastern Panhandle.
Current status
Summit Point Motorsports Park features three road racing circuits that are currently used for amateur automobile, motorcycle racing, and contracted government training.
History
Built in 1969–1970, Summit Point Motorsports Park (then "Summit Point Raceway"), opened in October 1969.
The first races held there were SCCA regional races in the fall of 1969 with IMSA International Sedans being the first professional event, later to become The Radial Tire Series, and IMSA Pro Formula Ford. The event was held on Memorial Day, May 30, 1970. (The holiday was still celebrated on the 30th then.) Rasey Feezell won in an Alfa Romeo 4-door sedan, whose modifications were very questionable, taking home the grand sum of $200 prize money. Five of the eleven entrants were from Raleigh, North Carolina.
During its early years and since SCCA held numerous events at the track. Several Regional and National races were run each year. Many racers got their start in the popular SCCA Driver's Schools held there by the Washington DC Region.
Paul Newman ran several of his early races there in a Bob Sharp-prepared Datsun 510 sedan. He wished to be just another "racer" and did not want to be recognized at racing events as a "superstar", so he and wife Joanne Woodward kept to themselves and eschewed signing autographs. Few realized they were racing in the company of famous actors. The only outward clue was the plate on his 510's front bumper... "PLN"
Over time the track was host to a number of professional races sanctioned by IMSA and the SCCA Trans-Am Series through the late 1980s.
The track was sold to Bill Scott and his partner Tom Milner in the early 1980s. Bill was 1970 Formula Vee World Champion Bill Scott.
The Sportscar Vintage Racing Association returned to Summit Point in 2023 after a two-decade absence.
In addition to racing, the track became a training ground for various federal agencies and other security organizations.
Circuits
Summit Point Main
Summit Point Main is a 10-turn, road course that features a main straight. This original circuit opened in 1970.
The original layout did not include the "Carousel", presently denoted Turns 6 and 7. In the original layout, Turn 5 was a ~90 deg. left-hander leading to a 90 deg. right-hander at the entry to what is now denoted Turn 8. Therefore, the original layout had 8 turns (or 9 depending on how you counted them). The "Carousel" wasn't added until sometime after mid-1973.
No longer used for professional auto races, it hosts many WKC, WKA, SCCA, Audi, Mazda Drivers, BMWCCA, NESBA, and NASA club races, track days, and schools. In addition, motorcycle races are run by CCS and WERA, which also holds national-level 6-hour endurance race.
The Main Circuit is also the annual home of the Jefferson 500 vintage race and The 12 Hours at the Point endurance race.
The Main Circuit was repaved in the Fall of 2007.
Jefferson Circuit
The Jefferson Circuit is a Nine-turn, road course that was designed and built by Bill Scott as a dedicated course for high-performance, accident avoidance and emergency operation driver training. Opened in 1996 or 1997, the Jefferson is a course that demands constant attentiveness and smooth inputs from drivers.
The circuit hosts a number of driver training schools, as well as a handful of motorcycle trackdays each year.
The Jefferson Circuit is currently under construction with extensive upgrades, according to the track's website.
Shenandoah Circuit
The Shenandoah Circuit is a 22-turn, road course that first opened in 2004. Widely considered one of the most technical circuits of the recent crop of race courses, the Shenandoah also boasts a smaller scale replica of the Nürburgring-Nordschleife's famous banked Karussell turn. It's also known as the concrete jungle.
Since opening in late 2004, the Shenandoah has played host to a number of high-performance driver education clinics, a handful of road races and a number of motorcycle races. After a number of races and schools, minor changes were made to the track layout in late 2004 and early 2005, including the addition of a straight between turns 5 and 7.
Washington Circuit
The Washington Circuit is Summit Point's newest addition constructed and opened in 2009.
Several layouts are used depending on the types of events occurring and the weather conditions, but the course is most often configured as the "Washington Long Course". This is and 11 turns, including a sweeping 160-degree decreasing radius corner and 3 straights.
Lap records
As of August 2012, the fastest official race lap records at Summit Point Motorsports Park are listed as:
References
External links
Official Site
Trackpedia guide to driving this track
Main Circuit track maps and hot lap description
Photos of the track from the 1970s
Buildings and structures in Jefferson County, West Virginia
Motorsport venues in West Virginia
IMSA GT Championship circuits
Tourist attractions in Jefferson County, West Virginia
Road courses in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summit%20Point%20Motorsports%20Park |
Muráň Castle (; ), is a ruin of a medieval castle above the village of Muráň, in the Muránska planina National Park in Slovakia. The castle is noteworthy for its unusually high elevation of 935 m, making it the third highest castle in Slovakia. It also figures in several romantic legends about its owners. Murány Castle was built in the 13th century on a cliff overlooking a regional trade route. Its name was mentioned for the first time in 1271 ("arx Mwran"), when Stephen V of Hungary ceded the castle to Gunig comes.
One of its owners, the robber baron Mátyás Basó (or Bacsó, in Slovak: Matúš Bašo), transformed the castle into a stronghold of bandits who robbed merchants and looted villages. After a siege by the royal army, the castle fell in 1548 and Basó was executed. One of the oldest Slovak songs, "The Song About The Castle of Muráň", written by Martin Bošňák describes this battle.
Another owner was Mária Széchy, better known as "The Venus of Murány". This independent woman divorced her second husband to marry the love of her life, magnate Ferenc Wesselényi, the subsequent Palatine of Hungary. When Wesselényi was besieging Murány Castle, which was occupied by her relatives at the time, she managed to get his soldiers inside through trickery. In 1666, Wesselényi organized a failed coup against Leopold I, but he died before any major confrontation. Subsequently, Mária Széchy bravely led a defense of the castle against imperial troops. Outnumbered, she eventually surrendered to Charles of Lorraine in 1670.
After the Treaty of Szatmár, the importance of the castle declined, as did its general condition. It was damaged twice in the 18th century by fire, in 1702 and in 1760.
The area was part of Gömör, then Gömör és Kishont County of Hungary. In 1920, under the terms of the Treaty of Trianon it became part of the newly formed Czechoslovakia.
References
External links
Short description of Muráň Castle
Castles in Slovakia
Buildings and structures in Banská Bystrica Region | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mur%C3%A1%C5%88%20Castle |
Darío Alejandro Grandinetti (born March 5, 1959) is an Argentine actor. He is known for his numerous roles in television, theater and film, where he participated in films by renowned directors such as Alejandro Doria, Pedro Almodóvar and Damián Szifron.
Biography
Darío Grandinetti was born in the city of Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. His father worked in the Junta Nacional de Granos in streets of Mendoza and Sarmiento. When Darío Grandinetti was 17 years old he and his family moved to the small town of Las Rosas where they lived only one year and returned to Rosario. In Rosario he played in the inferior teams of Newell's Old Boys football club. He began to work in the Junta Nacional de Granos as auxiliary and began studying theater. For reasons of work, he moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Career
Darío Grandinetti started as a television actor and slowly moved towards cinema. His filmography is mainly of Argentine production or co-productions with his country. His first work in a foreign production was the Bolivian El Día que murió el silencio of 1998, and has recently worked in a number of Spanish films, and also participated as guest in Spanish TV series. He is considered one of the most important Argentine actors. In 2012 he won an International Emmy Award for his role in Televisión por la Inclusión.
Personal life
When he was 24 he had an affair with the 40 year old actor Silvia Montanari. She broke off the relationship saying later that it was because of their age difference.
In 1989 he formalized his relationship with Catalan artist Eulalia Lombarte Llorca with whom he had his first two children, María Eulalia and Juan. The couple ended their relationship in the year 1992 with much controversy and a legal battle for the possession of their children that ended up favoring Darío. In October 1993 he met ex-model and Argentine actress Marisa Mondino with whom he married in 1995 and had two daughters, Lucía (1996-1997) who died in 1997 of hydrocephalus, and Laura. The couple ended their relationship in 2006. Finally, after several rumors that linked them together, in 2016 Darío Grandinetti made official his relationship with actress Pastora Vega.
Theater
Television
Films
TV Programs
Awards
References
External links
Argentine male television actors
1959 births
Living people
Argentine people of Italian descent
International Emmy Award for Best Actor winners
Male actors from Rosario, Santa Fe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar%C3%ADo%20Grandinetti |
In 1999, the Major League Baseball All-Century Team was chosen by popular vote of fans. To select the team, a panel of experts first compiled a list of the 100 greatest Major League Baseball (MLB) players from the 20th century. Over two million fans then voted on the players using paper and online ballots.
The top two vote-getters from each position, except outfielders (nine), and the top six pitchers were placed on the team. A select panel then added five legends to create a thirty-man team:—Warren Spahn (who finished #10 among pitchers), Christy Mathewson (#14 among pitchers), Lefty Grove (#18 among pitchers), Honus Wagner (#4 among shortstops), and Stan Musial (#11 among outfielders).
The nominees for the All-Century team were presented at the 1999 MLB All-Star Game at Fenway Park. Preceding Game 2 of the 1999 World Series, the members of the All-Century Team were revealed. Every living player named to the team attended.
Selected players
Pete Rose controversy
There was controversy over the inclusion in the All-Century Team of Pete Rose, who had been banned from baseball for life 10 years earlier. Some questioned Rose's presence on a team officially endorsed by Major League Baseball, but fans at the stadium gave him a standing ovation. During the on-field ceremony, which was emceed by Hall of Fame broadcaster Vin Scully, NBC Sports' Jim Gray questioned Rose about his refusal to admit to gambling on baseball. Gray's interview became controversial, with some arguing that it was good journalism, while others objected that the occasion was an inappropriate setting for Gray's persistence. After initially refusing to do so, Gray apologized a few days later. On January 8, 2004, more than four years later, Rose admitted publicly to betting on baseball games in his 2004 autobiography My Prison Without Bars.
See also
Major League Baseball All-Time Team, a similar team chosen by the Baseball Writers' Association of America in
Latino Legends Team
DHL Hometown Heroes (2006): the most outstanding player in the history of each MLB franchise, based on on-field performance, leadership quality and character value
List of MLB awards
Team of the century
National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
References
External links
The MLB All-Century Team
All-Century Team Vote Totals from ESPN.com
All-Century Team DVD from Amazon.com
All-Century Team Information from Baseball Almanac
1999 Major League Baseball season
Major League Baseball trophies and awards
History of Major League Baseball
Awards established in 1999
1999 establishments in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20League%20Baseball%20All-Century%20Team |
The College of California was a private college in Oakland, California. It is a predecessor of the public University of California system. It was established in 1853 as the Contra Costa Academy. In 1868, it merged with the nascent Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College to form what became the University of California.
History
In 1853, in the recently established town of Oakland, California, noted educators Rev. Henry Durant and Dr. Samuel H. Willey founded the Contra Costa Academy to provide boys with a liberal arts education with a strong emphasis on the classics. It was nominally nonsectarian with a general Christian atmosphere, although its trustees, educators, and supporters consisted of a coalition of Congregationalists and Presbyterians.
This private college preparatory school grew quickly and by 1855, with the benefit of government grants and a new charter, the newly renamed College of California opened in what by then had become the city of Oakland, on the four blocks bounded by Twelfth, Fourteenth, Franklin and Harrison Streets. Despite the new name, it did not add college-level courses until 1860.
Within a few years, the downtown Oakland site had become unsuitable, owing to a lack of room for expansion, and the crowdedness and general rowdiness of the area. In 1866, the college trustees sought out a quieter, more rural site for their College. They planned to finance this expansion by selling land near the prospective college site. To this end, they formed the "College Homestead Association" and purchased 160 acres (65 hectares) of land north of Oakland on a site that is part of the City of Berkeley today. The College hired landscape architecture firm Olmsted, Vaux & Co. for recommendations on the site. Olmsted produced a 25-page survey and plan, dated June 29, 1866. Olmsted's work is now regarded as part of the legacy of UC Berkeley's planning, even though it was largely discarded.
Sales of lots were less than had been hoped for. Even worse, although the college's trustees and supporters strongly believed in the importance of a liberal arts education, there was not much local interest in pursuing one at the college level. Meanwhile, the State of California had established an Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College in 1866, but it existed only on paper as a placeholder to secure federal land-grant funds.
In 1867, Governor Frederick Low suggested a merger of the already-functional and land-rich but cash-poor College of California with the state college, which had money but nothing else. On October 9, 1867, the college's trustees reluctantly agreed to the merger on the condition that the new institution would be a complete university with a liberal arts college (the College of Letters, now the College of Letters and Science). They were aware the new state institution would have to be entirely secular but recognized it was more important to find some way to preserve the College of California's liberal arts educational mission as part of the new university.
The University of California was chartered with the enactment of the Organic Act on March 23, 1868, although it continued to use the College of California's Oakland facilities while the campus at Berkeley was being built.
In September 1873, the university moved, with great ceremony, to Berkeley.
The site of the College of California in Oakland has been designated California Historical Landmark #45. As of May 2019, the site of the plaque at the corner of Franklin and 13th Street has been under construction as part of the Atlas development by Carmel Partners.
References
External links
Photographs and transcription of marker - Markeroni.com
University of California
University of California, Berkeley
History of Oakland, California
Education in Berkeley, California
Education in Oakland, California
California Historical Landmarks
Educational institutions established in 1855
1855 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College%20of%20California |
Josef Barák (26 January 1833 in Prague – 15 November 1883 in Prague) was a Czech politician, journalist, and poet. He was a member of the Májovci literary group.
See also
List of Czech writers
External links
1833 births
1933 deaths
Writers from Prague
Czech politicians
Journalists from Prague
Czech poets
Czech male poets
Politicians from Prague | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef%20Bar%C3%A1k |
Alemany Maze is the name given to the interchange between the James Lick Freeway (U.S. Route 101, US 101) and the John F. Foran Freeway (Interstate 280, I-280) in the city of San Francisco. Alternative names for this highway feature are Alemany Interchange and The Spaghetti Bowl.
History
The Alemany Maze gets its name from Alemany Boulevard, which is named for Joseph Sadoc Alemany, who in 1853 became the first Archbishop of San Francisco.
The Alemany Maze is an interchange that originally controlled the separation of traffic travelling between the James Lick Freeway, Bayshore Boulevard, and Alemany Boulevard. The former US 101 Bypass, which followed Bayshore Boulevard to the south, separated from the old US 101 alignment at the Maze. The Alemany Boulevard routing of US 101 was eventually replaced by the construction of the Southern Freeway, later renamed the John Foran Freeway. The routing of US 101 was shifted to the Bayshore Freeway in 1964, with the former US 101 freeway becoming renumbered as part of I-280.
Maze features
The most notable features of the Alemany Maze are the double-deck ramps to and from US 101 from the south and the double-deck portion of I-280 northeast of the interchange. Although overall a north–south freeway, I-280 actually runs east–west through the interchange. The word maze refers to the series of interchanges necessary for a vehicle to maneuver in order to navigate their way from a multi-lane freeway to a narrower distribution structure of lanes which funnel to connector exit ramps, similar to the better known MacArthur Maze. Traffic reporters use these words combined with the Alemany Maze to indicate its bottleneck status. In spite of its size and complexity, like the MacArthur Maze, it does not allow full freedom of movement: drivers approaching the interchange in the southbound direction on either highway cannot directly access the northbound direction of the other highway.
See also
MacArthur Maze
Joe Colla Interchange
References
Road interchanges in California
Roads in San Francisco
San Francisco Bay Area freeways
Buildings and structures in San Francisco
U.S. Route 101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alemany%20Maze |
Interstate 490 (I-490), also known as O'Hare West Bypass and Western O'Hare Beltway, is a proposed electronic toll highway and a beltway near Chicago, Illinois, that would run along the west side of O'Hare International Airport. The tollway would connect I-294 (Tri-State Tollway) to a western access point to the airport. From there, it would continue northward to an extension of Illinois Route 390 (IL 390, formerly known as the Elgin-O'Hare Expressway) and I-90 (Jane Addams Memorial Tollway). The O'Hare Western Bypass is part of the Elgin–O'Hare Western Access (EOWA) project. Building the highway would affect the villages of Elk Grove Village, Wood Dale, Itasca, and Bensenville. The proposed route runs through the American Airlines Flight 191 crash site, the deadliest aviation accident in US history.
Route description
I-490 will begin at a partial interchange with I-294 (Tri-State Tollway) in Franklin Park, south of O'Hare International Airport. There will be an interchange with Franklin Avenue/Green Street. The tollway will head north before curving westward to briefly parallel the Canadian Pacific Railway before crossing it. Immediately afterwards, the tollway will have an interchange with IL 19 (Irving Park Road). On the western side of O'Hare International Airport, I-490 will have an interchange with IL 390 (Elgin–O'Hare Tollway) at the entrance to a planned western terminal. Continuing north, I-490 will cross over the Canadian Pacific Railway and the Union Pacific Railroad Milwaukee Subdivision and have an interchange with IL 72 (Touhy Avenue) before ending at a trumpet interchange with I-90 (Jane Addams Memorial Tollway) in Des Plaines.
History
In December 2009, the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) finalized the routing of the western bypass. Intermediate interchanges are planned at County Line Road/Franklin Avenue, IL 19, IL 390, and IL 72.
On August 25, 2011, the Illinois State Toll Highway Authority (ISHTA) approved a $12-billion (equivalent to $ in ) capital plan called Move Illinois, which seeks to improve toll roads under their jurisdiction; the authority doubled toll rates to help fund it. The bypass is also part of the EOWA project.
On October 6, 2014, IDOT submitted an application to the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) for the creation of the new I-490 designation. AASHTO approved the I-490 designation on November 20, 2014, contingent on Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) approval.
In November 2015, the Canadian Pacific Railway (doing business in the US as the Soo Line Railroad) sought a federal injunction to block ISHTA from acquiring land in the Bensenville Rail Yard to build the tollway, over fears that this would impact rail traffic. In 2016, ISHTA sued the Canadian Pacific Railway to request that the United States Surface Transportation Board allow for the construction of the tollway. On June 13, 2018, ISHTA and the Canadian Pacific Railway agreed to settle the dispute.
Construction on the interchange with I-90 began on September 12, 2018; the interchange is scheduled to be finished in 2023. The project is planned to be finished in 2026.
In preparation for the interchange at Interstate 90, and the widening of I-90, the Des Plaines over-highway oasis structure was permanently closed on March 16, 2014. The over-highway oasis structure began to be deconstructed immediately, but the gas stations and gas station stores remained open. These businesses were eventually closed on December 14, 2018. The oasis, which opened on June 24, 1959, was the second oldest of the five original tollway oases in Illinois. The gas station buildings were finally demolished in April 2019, and the new bridge decks over I-90, placed almost exactly where the oasis was previously located, were installed in June 2019.
Exit list
See also
References
External links
Expressways in the Chicago area
4 (Illinois)
Toll roads in Illinois
90-4 (Illinois)
90-4
Transportation in Cook County, Illinois
Transportation in DuPage County, Illinois
Franklin Park, Illinois
Bensenville, Illinois
Elk Grove Village, Illinois
Des Plaines, Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate%20490%20%28Illinois%29 |
Claudio Baglioni (; born 16 May 1951) is an Italian pop singer-songwriter and musician. His career has been going on for over 50 years. Some songs from the 70s are part of Italian culture as Questo piccolo grande amore proclaimed Italian song of the century in 1985. In the 80s he released the two best-selling albums ever in Italy Strada facendo and La vita è adesso. And in the 90s he embraced World Music with the discs of the time trilogy, which began with Oltre (1990), continued with the incredible success of Io sono qui (1995) and ended with Viaggiatore sulla coda del tempo (1999). In 2006 he composed the anthem of the 2006 Winter Olympics.
Biography
Around 1968 he composed the Annabel Lee musical suite, based on a poem by Edgar Allan Poe. In 1969, he released his first single and recorded the single Signora Lia; a comic song that tells of a lady's marital infidelity. Over time the song became a cult of Italian pop music despite its poor initial success. He collaborated with Italian singer Mia Martini for her debut album.
Success came only in 1972, with the album Questo piccolo grande amore; the homonymous song in 1985 will be awarded as the Italian song of the century. In 1974, he recorded the album E tu ... with Vangelis. In 1975, it comes out Sabato pomeriggio; a concept album about waiting, based on Giacomo Leopardi's poems. In 1977, the album Solo; was the first in which he made lyrics, music and production on his own. In 1978, comes the incredible success with the album E tu come stai?.
In 1981, he produced the hugely successful album Strada facendo. The following year the Alé-Oó tour starts, the first tour of an Italian singer in the big stadiums. The name of the tour in fact takes its cue from a typical chorus of football matches. In June of the same year (1982) Claudio at the age of 31 becomes a father and in one day writes the worldwide hit song Avrai dedicated to his son.
In 1985, comes the incredible success of the album La vita è adesso, the best-selling album of all time in Italy, immediately after the release of the album begins the 1985 tour that totaled over 1.5 million spectators with the final concert in Rome which was the first concert in the history of Italian music to be broadcast live on TV, the overwhelming success of the album kicks off another big tour the following year; Assolo a sensational tour consisting of over 30 concerts in the great stadiums of Italy where Claudio Baglioni performs completely alone, without a band, with the help of classical and electric guitar, pianola, piano, synthesizer and MIDI, a technology never tested at the time.
The live album Assolo is based on the concert at the stadium in the city of Milan to which almost 100,000 people will flock, the triple album was a commercial success in Europe. The success of Claudio in this decade is so high that around the end of 1985 the first collection for the European market of the singer-songwriter was released, entitled Claudio Baglioni, containing the best ten songs of the singer-songwriter of the 80s.
In 1988, he participated in a concert of the Human Right Now! tour with Peter Gabriel, Sting and Bruce Springsteen.
In 1990, after 3 years of work he released the double album Oltre, an ambitious project with 20 songs that embrace World Music and the participation of great international artists; the album will radically change the Italian music industry. The concert of 1991 will be decreed by Billboard magazine as the best concert of the year in the world, thanks to the stage that is located in the center of the stadium with the public surrounding it in the round. In the same year the European version of the record Oltre is marketed.
In 1995, the album Io sono qui was released, which marks Claudio's return to the scene, the disc deals with the theme of comedy, everyday life is in fact a bit of a comedy for everyone where everyone wears a mask without knowing if he is an actor or a spectator of life.
And in 1999, the album Viaggiatore sulla coda del tempo, with the imminent arrival of the new millennium, tackles the theme of modern technologies and at the same time tells of the journey of a traveler towards this unknown future. Baglioni will subsequently declare that the three albums make up a trilogy of time where each represents the past, present and future respectively.
On 6 June 1998, he had his last concert of the millennium at the Olympic stadium in Rome, the concert totaled over 100,000 spectators thanks to the stage in the center and the spectators who filled the stadium, still this record remains undefeated by any event, both musical and sporty.
In the 2000s, he released the album Sono io, In 2010, he did a series of concerts around the world. In 2013 he released the album Con voi and in 2020, the album In questa storia, che è la mia.
In 2019, to celebrate 50 years of career, he realizes an incredible concert at the Verona Arena which for the first time is open to the public in its entirety. With the stage in the center and the spectators filling the entire arena in the round.
In the summer of 2022 he made the Tutti sù! tour in the amphitheaters and in the summer of 2023 aTuttoCuore tour with an incredible concert at the Foro Italico in Rome with the stage in the center of the arena.
Discography
Live albums
Compilations
European albums
1985 - Claudio Baglioni
1991 - Oltre
Dvds
1991 - Oltre una bellissima notte
1996 - Baglioni nel Rosso
2000 - Acustico Tour
2003 - Tutto in un abbraccio Tour
2010 - World Tour
2019 - Al centro. Arena di Verona
Tour
1977 - Claudio Baglioni on tour
1982 - Alé Oó
1985 - Tour 1985
1986 - Assolo
1991 - Oltre una bellissima notte (only one concert)
1992 - Assieme
1995 - Tour Giallo
1996 - Tour Rosso
1998 - Da me a te
1999 - Tour Blu
2000 - Acustico
2003 - Tutto in un abbraccio
2007 - Tutti qui
2010 - World Tour
2013 - Con voi tour
2019 - Al centro
2022 - Tutti sù!
2023 - aTuttoCuore
Awards
1974 - Festivalbar, best song of the year
1982 - TV Sorrisi e Canzoni, first Italian artist to fill stadiums and spectator records
1985 - Sanremo Music Festival 1985, the Italian Song of the Century Award
1987 - TV Sorrisi e Canzoni, representative of Italian music
1991 - Billboard, best concert of the year in the world
1998 - TV Sorrisi e Canzoni, record spectators in a single concert
2001 - Internet Winner, increased number of contacts to its website in the last year
2003 - Lunezia Award, musical and literary value
2008 - Man of Peace
2019 - TV Sorrisi e Canzoni, record spectators tour
References
External links
Claudio Baglioni official fan club in Spain – Spanish
Claudio Baglioni official international fanclub – English (Actually offline; shows a warning in German language)
The Anthem of the Olympic Winter Games From Torino 2006's official website.
1951 births
Singers from Rome
People of Umbrian descent
Italian pop singers
Living people
Italian male conductors (music)
Italian male singers
Italian male singer-songwriters
Italian singer-songwriters
Italian composers
Italian male composers
21st-century Italian conductors (music)
21st-century Italian male musicians
Spanish-language singers of Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudio%20Baglioni |
Silver Stadium was a baseball stadium located at 500 Norton Street in Rochester, New York. It was the home stadium for the Rochester Red Wings of the International League from 1929 to 1996, and for the New York Black Yankees of the Negro National League for their final season in 1948. The ballpark also briefly hosted professional football as it was the home field for the Rochester Braves (second American Football League) in 1936 and the Rochester Tigers (second American Football League) in 1936 and 1937.
The facility opened May 2, 1929, as Red Wing Stadium. It was renamed Silver Stadium on August 19, 1968, for Morrie Silver, then the president of Rochester Community Baseball, Inc. Silver Stadium hosted its final event, a Governors' Cup playoff game between the Columbus Clippers and the Red Wings, on September 10, 1996, and was demolished in late 1997 and early 1998. The site is now an industrial and office park.
History
Silver Stadium cost $415,000 to construct and opened on May 2, 1929, as Red Wing Stadium. At the time, the stadium had a maximum capacity of 15,000. The park was built in the middle of a thriving urban residential neighborhood, which like most suffered a decline in the latter half of the century. Plentiful parking for automobiles, not a huge concern at the time it was built, became an issue as more and more fans drove their cars to the ballpark.
In late 1956, the St. Louis Cardinals, then the major league affiliate of the Rochester Red Wings and also the owners of Red Wing Stadium and the Red Wings, were exploring the possibility of removing the franchise from their minor league system. In response, Morrie Silver, a Rochester businessman, spearheaded an effort to purchase both assets from the Cardinals. A total of 8,222 stockholders, including Silver, came together to form Rochester Community Baseball, Inc. (RCB) The effort was ultimately successful as RCB purchased both assets on February 27, 1957, ensuring that the team would remain in Rochester for the 1957 season and beyond. Red Wing Stadium was renamed Silver Stadium in Silver's honor on August 19, 1968.
Major League Baseball mandated changes to minor league ballparks in the 1990s to both upgrade the field of play and the facilities that the players used. Even though it was renovated in the mid-1980s, Silver was deficient in a number of these areas. Like most old ballparks of its era, it did not have any corporate luxury suites. The official story is that public sentiment in Rochester was in favor of building a new ballpark somewhere closer to the downtown area, with plenty of parking and access to expressways. However, at various times, proposals were made to build the new stadium in one of Rochester's suburbs, namely Greece, Avon and Victor.
Ground was broken on Frontier Field, a new stadium located in downtown Rochester next to Eastman Kodak's world headquarters, in 1995. Frontier Field opened on July 11, 1996, allowing Silver Stadium to close on September 10, 1996. Silver Stadium was demolished in late 1997 and early 1998, and the site is now an industrial and office park.
Events
The Rochester Red Wings of the International League moved from the Bay Street Ball Grounds to Red Wing Stadium following the 1928 season. Red Wing Stadium opened May 2, 1929, with a regular season game between the Red Wings and the Reading Keystones. Rochester lost, 3–0. The Wings continued to play at the facility until the 1996 season. On August 31, 1996, the Red Wings lost, 8–5, to the Ottawa Lynx in the final regular season game at Silver Stadium in front of a crowd 12,756. Rochester also lost the final game ever at Silver Stadium, game two of the Governors' Cup Finals on September 10, 1996, by a margin of 4–0 to the Columbus Clippers. The Red Wings moved to Frontier Field for the 1997 season.
The New York Black Yankees of the Negro National League played at Red Wing Stadium in 1948. The season was the last in the team's history.
Outside of baseball, the ballpark briefly hosted professional football as Red Wing Stadium was the home field for the Rochester Braves (second American Football League) in 1936 and the Rochester Tigers (second American Football League) in 1936 and 1937.
Johnny Antonelli, a Rochester native who won the 1954 World Series as part of the New York Giants, ran a local Firestone business which sponsored "Johnny Antonelli Night" each year at the ballpark. As part of the festivities, the company would give away tires and televisions during the games.
Jim Kelly held his fourth-annual StarGaze charity event at the stadium in June 1995.
The largest attendance at the stadium was 31,000, for a concert by The Grateful Dead on June 30, 1988, eclipsing their previous record of 30,100, on July 2, 1987.
The second largest attendance corresponded to a “Billy Graham Crusade” in September 1988 which featured Christian artist Steve Green.
References
External links
Photographs of Red Wing / Silver Stadium – Rochester Area Ballparks
Sports venues in Rochester, New York
Defunct baseball venues in the United States
Defunct minor league baseball venues
Baseball venues in New York (state)
American Football League (1936) venues
1929 establishments in New York (state)
American football venues in New York (state)
Defunct American football venues in the United States
Sports venues completed in 1929
1996 disestablishments in New York (state)
Sports venues demolished in 1998
Demolished sports venues in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Stadium |
Frostbiter: Wrath of the Wendigo, is an independent comedy horror film, filmed sometime in 1988 but released in 1995 by Troma Entertainment. One of the stars, Ron Asheton, was the guitarist for The Stooges.
Synopsis
Two friends go hunting in the woods of Northern Michigan. While wandering the woods, they accidentally break a sacred circle, releasing a terrible monster: the Wendigo. The Wendigo goes on a terrible killing spree, leaving a gun-toting hero and his female love-interest to destroy the monster.
Details
The film owes a large debt to Sam Raimi's Evil Dead films with its mix of horror and comedy, in fact featuring a torn Evil Dead II poster in much the same way The Evil Dead features a torn The Hills Have Eyes poster. The film also gives "special thanks" to Bruce Campbell, the star of the Evil Dead films. This connection was reinforced in Japan, where the movie was released on video under the misleading title Shiryōnoharawata Sai Tsui Shō. Since the Japanese title of Evil Dead is Shiryōnoharawata, the distributors obviously tried to cash in on the success of Raimi's trilogy. Also, the Japanese videocassette box puts the emphasis on a creature with a skull's head, reminiscent of the original Evil Dead II poster.
At one part of the film, footage from Frank Capra's It's a Wonderful Life, with some scenes in the film claiming to take place in Bedford Falls, much like the Christmas classic.
The film was filmed primarily in southeast Michigan, in particular on a hunting cabin set built inside an old schoolhouse in Tecumseh.
Reception
The films was noted for its special effects.
References
External links
1995 films
1995 comedy horror films
1980s stop-motion animated films
1990s stop-motion animated films
Troma Entertainment films
American comedy horror films
American monster movies
American supernatural horror films
Wendigos in popular culture
American exploitation films
1996 comedy films
Films set in forests
Films set in Michigan
Films shot in Michigan
Films based on Native American mythology
1990s English-language films
1980s English-language films
1990s American films
Films about hunters
American black comedy films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frostbiter%3A%20Wrath%20of%20the%20Wendigo |
Jan Blahoslav (20 February 1523 – 24 November 1571) was a Czech humanistic writer, poet, translator, etymologist, hymnographer, grammarian, music theorist and composer. He was a Unity of the Brethren bishop, and translated the New Testament into Czech in 1564. This was incorporated into the Bible of Kralice.
Life
Blahoslav was born in Přerov, Moravia. He studied theory under Listenius and Hermann Finck at University of Wittenberg from 1544. At Wittenberg he became acquainted with Martin Luther, and he was also acquainted with Philipp Melanchthon. After a short period at Mladá Boleslav (1548–9) he continued his education at Königsberg and Basle. He was a linguist who strove to preserve the purity of his native tongue and succeeded in bridging the gulf between Christianity and humanism. He was ordained at Mladá Boleslav in 1553, and became a bishop of the Fraternity of Czech (or Moravian) Brethren in 1557. In the following year he established himself at Ivančice, where before long he installed a printing press. Towards the end of his life he moved to Moravský Krumlov, where he died, aged 48.
Blahoslav was the editor of the 1561 Czech-language hymnal of the Unity, a hymnal which was reprinted and revised at least 10 times over the next 50 years. His Muzika (1558) -- a "theoretical instruction book for the singing of hymns" -- has been called "the first book in Czech presenting the theory of music and singing."
Blahoslav's work influenced Jan Amos Komenský.
Works
O původu Jednoty – Rules of Unity
Filipika proti misomusům
Gramatika česká – Czech Grammar
Bratrský archiv
Naučení mládencům
Akta Jednoty bratrské – Rules of the Unity of the Brethren
Rejstřík skladatelů bratrských písní
Works on music
Muzika (Olomouc, 1558) – On Music
Šamotulský kancionál (1561) – Cantionale
Věčný králi, pane náš – Song published in Staročeské hymny a písně (Old Czech Hymns and Songs) (1940)
Bibliography
Brown, Marshall T., Jan Blahoslav: Sixteenth-Century Moravian Reformer, Edinburgh, The Banner of Truth Magazine, Issue 544, January 2009, pp. 1–9.
See also
List of Czech writers
Slavic translations of the Bible
References
External links
Biography
1523 births
1571 deaths
People from Přerov
16th-century bishops
Czech male writers
Czech composers
Czech male composers
Czech translators
Writers of the Moravian Church
Bishops of the Moravian Church
Czech people of the Moravian Church
Translators of the Bible into Czech
16th-century hymnwriters
16th-century Christian biblical scholars
Czech biblical scholars
Czech Protestant clergy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Blahoslav |
Michael David Fuller (December 18, 1949 – February 1, 1989), better known by his stage name Blaze Foley, was an American country music singer-songwriter, poet, and artist active in Austin, Texas.
Background
Foley was born Michael David Fuller in Malvern, Arkansas on December 18, 1949. He grew up in San Antonio, Texas and performed in a gospel band called The Singing Fuller Family with his mother, brother, and sisters. As a child, Blaze contracted polio, and as a consequence, one of his legs was shorter than the other, causing him to drag his foot while walking. He was nicknamed "Deputy Dawg" early in his career. In the spring of 1975, he was living in a small artists' community just outside Whitesburg, Georgia when he met Sybil Rosen. Rosen and Foley were in a relationship and decided to leave the artist community together to support his music. He went on the road and performed in Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, and, finally, Austin, Texas. Together, they ended up in Austin. Foley tried to get into songwriting, but after the move, he experienced a lot of career pressure. Foley started drinking more and the bar scene complicated his relationship with Rosen, which eventually ended.
Foley was close friends with Townes Van Zandt and was greatly influenced by him. Foley's stage name was inspired by his admiration of musician Red Foley and the stripper and burlesque performer Blaze Starr.
Music and lyrics
The master tapes from his first studio album were confiscated by the DEA when the album's executive producer was caught in a drug bust. Another studio album disappeared when the master copies were stolen along with his belongings from a station wagon that Foley had been given and lived in. A third studio album, Wanted More Dead Than Alive, was thought to have disappeared until, many years after Foley died, a friend who was cleaning out his car discovered what sounded like the Bee Creek recording sessions on which he and other musicians had performed. This was Foley's last studio album, and he was scheduled to tour the UK with Townes Van Zandt in support of the album. When Foley died, his attorney immediately nullified the recording contract and the master tapes subsequently disappeared, reportedly having been lost in a flood.
Foley also worked with Gurf Morlix, Guy Schwartz, Billy Block, Calvin Russell, B.W. Stevenson, and others.
Death and legacy
On February 1, 1989, Foley was at a house in the Bouldin Creek neighborhood of Austin, Texas when he was shot in the chest and killed by Carey January, the son of Foley's friend Concho January. Foley had confronted Carey January accusing him of stealing his father's veteran pension and welfare checks. Carey January was acquitted of first-degree murder by reason of self-defense. He and his father presented completely different versions of the shooting at trial. Concho January, who has since died, liked to drink and proved an unreliable witness even though he tried to testify against his son.
At his funeral, Foley's casket was coated with duct tape by his friends. Townes Van Zandt told a story where he and his musicians went to Foley's grave to dig up his body because they wanted the pawn ticket that Foley had for Van Zandt's guitar.
Film and television
Foley's music is featured prominently in a feature-length documentary film about him entitled Blaze Foley: Duct Tape Messiah, released in 2011 by filmmaker Kevin Triplett.
Foley's song "Let Me Ride in Your Big Cadillac" featured prominently at the end of the 8th episode (July 2016) of the first season of the television show Preacher.
"Cold, Cold World" is featured in the 4th episode of Season 5 of The Mentalist, aired in October 2012.
In 2016 his song "Clay Pigeons" featured on the soundtrack of the movie Homestate.
In January 2018, Blaze, a biographical drama directed by Ethan Hawke, premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. The screenplay was adapted by Hawke from the novel Living in the Woods in a Tree: Remembering Blaze by Sybil Rosen. The film stars musician Ben Dickey as Foley, Alia Shawkat as Sybil Rosen, and Charlie Sexton as Townes Van Zandt.
Season 1 Episode 8 of Mike Judge Presents: Tales from the Tour Bus premiered on November 10, 2017, featuring stories about Foley.
Music
Townes Van Zandt wrote the 1990 song "Blaze's Blues" about his friend and first released it on his 1991 live album Rain on a Conga Drum - Live in Berlin. He re-released it multiple times, notably on his two-disc album Live at Union Chapel, London, England.
Lucinda Williams wrote a Foley tribute song titled "Drunken Angel" for her 1998 album Car Wheels on a Gravel Road.
Gurf Morlix wrote a Foley tribute song titled "Music You Mighta Made" for his 2009 album Last Exit to Happyland. On February 1, 2011, Morlix released a 15-song collection of Foley cover songs titled Blaze Foley's 113th Wet Dream.
Kings of Leon recorded a Foley tribute song titled "Reverend" on their 2016 album Walls.
In 1998, a various artist Foley digital tribute album was released titled Blaze Foley: In Tribute and Loving Memory...Volume One, which includes Foley's work by 15 artists (Deep State Production).
His 1979 song "If I Could Only Fly" was covered on Merle Haggard and Willie Nelson's 1987 duet album Seashores of Old Mexico, with the song reaching Number 58 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs singles chart. It was covered again by Haggard on his 2000 album If I Could Only Fly. Joe Nichols recorded it as a duet with Lee Ann Womack on his 2007 album Real Things. Nanci Griffith recorded it on her 2012 album Intersection. Kimmie Rhodes recorded it on the aforementioned 1998 Foley tribute album Blaze Foley: In Tribute and Loving Memory...Volume One.
His song "Election Day" was covered by Lyle Lovett on his 2003 album My Baby Don't Tolerate.
His song "Clay Pigeons" was covered by John Prine on his Grammy Award-winning 2005 album Fair & Square and by Michael Cera on his 2014 album True That.
His song "Rainbows and Ridges" was covered by Chicago band Whitney on their 2020 covers album Candid.
In 2009, at the request of Foley's estate, Texas singer-songwriter and old-time music historian Jon Hogan was tasked with adding music to three unearthed songs from lyrics found in Foley's handwriting after his death. The three "new" songs "Every Now and Then", "Safe in the Arms of Love", and "Can't Always Cry" were recorded by Hogan on his 2010 tribute album Every Now and Then: Songs of Townes Van Zandt & Blaze Foley. In 2017, Hogan and musical partner Maria Moss re-recorded "Can't Always Cry" for their album In Dreams I Go Back Home.
Quotes
About Foley
"He's only gone crazy once. Decided to stay." – Townes Van Zandt
"Blaze Foley was a genius and a beautiful loser." – Lucinda Williams
Discography
Literature
Carmen und Kai Nees: Blaze Foley - Ein Aussenseiter, der zur Legende wurde - Self-published in 2018; - Book in German.
Carmen und Kai Nees: Blaze Foley - From Misfit To Legend - Self-published in 2018; .
References
External links
Living In The Woods In A Tree: Remembering Blaze Foley" by Sybil Rosen (memoir)
Official Site
Documentary movie website
Website of the book publication (Blaze Foley - From Misfit To Legend)
1949 births
1989 deaths
Outlaw country singers
People from Malvern, Arkansas
Singers from Austin, Texas
20th-century American singers
Musicians from San Antonio
Country musicians from Texas
Country musicians from Arkansas
Deaths by firearm in Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaze%20Foley |
Crystallography is a book of poetry and prose published in 1994 and revised in 2003 by Canadian author Christian Bök. Based around a that language is a crystallization process, the book includes several forms of poetry including concrete poetry, as well as pseudohistorical texts, diagrams, charts, and English gematria.
Major poems in the book include Geodes and Diamonds.
Bök explains the title in an introduction. Crystallography refers to both the science of crystallography and a reanalysis of the word's roots: crystal meaning "clear", and "graph" meaning "writing":
References
Further reading
Bök, Christian. Crystallography. Toronto: Coach House Press, 2003 (2nd. Ed.)
1994 books
1994 poetry books
Canadian poetry collections
Coach House Press books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystallography%20%28book%29 |
Skeleton is a winter sport featured in the Winter Olympics where the competitor rides head-first and prone (lying face down) on a flat sled. It is normally run on an ice track that allows the sled to gain speed by gravity. It was first contested at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz and again in 1948 Winter Olympics, after which it was discontinued as an Olympic sport.
In October 1999, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) added the discipline to the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics sports program, with both men's and women's events, and has been held in each Winter Olympic competition since. In June 2022, the IOC added a third event, the mixed team, to the sports program at the 2026 Winter Olympics.
Skeleton is so-named as the first metal sleds introduced in 1892 were said to resemble a human skeleton. The sport is similar to, but not to be confused with, luge, another form of sled racing where the competitor rides on the back and feet-first. Often using the same courses, the racing physics are not identical.
Events
Medal table
Sources (after the 2022 Winter Olympics):
Accurate as of 2022 Winter Olympics.
Participating nations
Numbers indicate the number of skeleton racers each nation sent to each respective edition of the games.
See also
List of Olympic venues in skeleton
References
External links
Sports at the Winter Olympics
Skeleton at multi-sport events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeleton%20at%20the%20Winter%20Olympics |
M-199 is a state trunkline highway near Albion in the US state of Michigan. The western terminus of the road is in Sheridan Township at exit 119 off Interstate 94 (I-94). The eastern terminus is a junction with Business Loop I-94 (BL I-94) downtown Albion. The entire road is within Calhoun County and runs through rural farm fields outside of Albion; in town it is a residential street. The M-199 designation had previously been applied to a highway in the Upper Peninsula in the 1930s. The current highway was previously part of other highways in the first half of the 20th century before it was transferred to local control around 1960. It was later transferred back to state control in 1998 and remains unchanged since.
Route description
As a two-lane roadway, M-199 starts at exit 119 along I-94 northwest of Albion in Sheridan Township. The highway runs southward through farm fields along 26 Mile Road before curving to the southwest on Star Commonwealth Road near the campus of the Montcalm School for Boys and Girls, a private boarding school. At the end of this curves, the highway follows 25½ Mile Road southward to the intersection with Michigan Avenue. There M-199 turns easterly along Michigan Avenue and passes south of Montcalm Lake. The trunkline runs parallel to a line of the Norfolk Southern Railway until about the intersection with 26½ Mile Road. At the intersection with 27 Mile Road, M-199 enters the city of Albion, and the street name changes to Austin Avenue. In town, the highway follows a four-lane street through residential neighborhoods. The trunkline passes the northern edge of McAuliffe Park and runs parallel to the Kalamazoo River. At the intersection with Eaton Street, the highway meets BL I-94, where M-199 ends while the business loop continues southeasterly on Austin Avenue at this corner.
M-199 is maintained by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) like other state highways in Michigan. As a part of these maintenance responsibilities, the department tracks the volume of traffic that uses the roadways under its jurisdiction. These volumes are expressed using a metric called annual average daily traffic, which is a statistical calculation of the average daily number of vehicles on a segment of roadway. MDOT's surveys in 2010 showed that 1,185 vehicles per day used the roadway between I-94 and Michigan Avenue and between 3,174 and 4,042 vehicles used section along the combined Michigan and Austin avenues. No sections of M-199 have been listed on the National Highway System, a network of roads important to the country's economy, defense, and mobility.
History
In the middle of 1933, an earlier designation of M-199 was used for a short spur route from US Highway 41 (US 41) into Daggett in Menominee County. This highway was decommissioned in 1939.
The current M-199 was once part of M-17 starting around July 1, 1919. When the US Highway System was created on November 11, 1926, the highway was incorporated into US 12. The Albion area was bypassed by a freeway (now I-94) at the end of the 1950s, and Michigan Avenue was turned over to local control. The current highway routing was transferred to state control on October 1, 1998, and the M-199 designation was subsequently assigned to the trunkline. The highway has remained unchanged since designation.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
M-199 at Michigan Highways
M-199 at CanHighways.com
M-199 on Austin Avenue at Historical Albion Michigan
199
Transportation in Calhoun County, Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-199%20%28Michigan%20highway%29 |
The town of Lucky Hill is located in the Lucky Hill and Gayle Districts of Saint Mary parish in Jamaica Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica.
18.31002, -77.01491 or N 18°18′36″ W 77°00′54″
https://www.geonames.org/11495530/lucky-hill.html for the district
https://www.geonames.org/3489651/lucky-hill.html for the town
https://elandjamaica.nla.gov.jm/elandjamaica/interactivemap.aspx shows parcels of land for Lucky Hill in both districts.
Populated places in Saint Mary Parish, Jamaica | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky%20Hill |
Howard Curtis Berg (March 16, 1934 – December 30, 2021) was the Herchel Smith Professor of Physics and professor of molecular and cellular biology at Harvard University, where he taught biophysics and studied the motility of the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli).
Berg has been a member of the Harvard University department of molecular and cellular biology since 1986 and of the Harvard University department of physics since 1997. He was also a member of the Rowland Institute for Science at Harvard University.
Early life and family
Berg was born to Esther C. and Clarence P. Berg in Iowa City, where his father was a biochemist at the University of Iowa and an expert on the physiology of non-proteinogenic D-amino acids.
Berg was the husband of Mary Guyer Berg, a scholar of Latin American literature. Berg has 3 children. His elder son Henry became a tech entrepreneur in Washington State, his second son Alec, a comedy writer in Hollywood. His youngest, daughter Elena, studies animal behavior at the American University in Paris.
Education and career
Berg studied as an undergraduate at the California Institute of Technology and received a B.S. in chemistry in 1956. After graduation, he spent a year with Kai Linderstrøm-Lang at the Carlsberg Laboratory in Copenhagen. Eventually he was accepted into the physics graduate program at Harvard, where he earned a Ph.D. in chemical physics in 1964, with a dissertation on the hydrogen maser directed by Nobel Laureate Norman Ramsey.
Although he became a faculty member and junior fellow in the Society of Fellows at Harvard, he joined the new Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology at the University of Colorado in Boulder in 1970. After a 7-year stint at Caltech, he returned to Harvard in 1986.
Among his major achievements was the discovery that bacteria swim by rotating their flagellar filaments, which was also the title of a paper he was most proud of. Berg was an active researcher until very late in life. At the age of 87, he was awarded an NSF grant to study the stator unit that drives rotation of the bacterial flagellum being itself a rotary machine.
He is author of the influential book Random Walks in Biology (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1983) about the biological applications of diffusion.
Awards
With Edward Purcell, Berg received the Max Delbrück Prize in Biological Physics from the American Physical Society in 1984 for work on the physical limits of bacterial chemoreception. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1985 and a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1990 ("for the elucidation of complex biological phenomena, particularly chemotaxis and bacterial locomotion, through simple but penetrating physical theories and brilliant experiments").
Berg was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society.
References
External links
Research Summary & Profile, Harvard University
Faculty profile in Harvard department of Molecular and Cellular Biology
Faculty profile in Harvard physics department
Group page at the Rowland Institute
Howard Berg: Studies on E. Coli in motion
Howard Berg online seminar: Marvels of Bacterial Behavior
1934 births
2021 deaths
People from Iowa City, Iowa
California Institute of Technology alumni
Harvard University alumni
21st-century American biologists
American biophysicists
21st-century American physicists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Harvard University faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
University of Colorado faculty
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Carlsberg Laboratory staff | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20Berg |
Tianjin Arena () is an indoor sporting arena located in Tianjin Sports Center, Tianjin, China. The capacity of the arena is 10,000 spectators. The arena is used to host indoor sporting events, such as basketball and volleyball.
The hall hosted some for the 1999 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships.
References
Indoor arenas in China
Sports venues in Tianjin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjin%20Arena |
Jaroslav Durych (2 December 1886 – 7 April 1962) was a Czech prose writer, poet, playwright, journalist, and military surgeon.
Life and works
Durych was born in Hradec Králové and was orphaned at an early age. He attended school at the Archbishop's convent in Příbram, but was expelled for reading forbidden literature. Later, he was able to attend medical school in Prague, thanks to a military scholarship, and graduated in 1913. After serving as a military doctor in Galicia during World War I, he established a private practice in Přerov. This proved to be an unsuccessful enterprise, however, and he returned to the Army; rising to the rank of Colonel. From 1923 to 1930, he served as the head of the military hospital near Olomouc.
In 1935, he was elected to the , but resigned in 1938 following the Anschluss. Throughout the Nazi occupation and the communist regime, he remained isolated and was able to publish only a few newspaper articles, written under pseudonyms.
Under the influence of Josef Florian, he published his first novel, (Wandering, 1929), an historical piece set in the time of the Thirty Years' War, then Služebníci neužiteční (Roughly: Useless Servants), a novel about Jesuit missionaries in 17th-century Japan, led by Charles Spinola. Only the first part could be published in Czechoslovakia, because Durych was silenced following the Communist coup d'état in 1948. A full four volume edition was published in Rome in 1969. Bloudění was translated into English as Descent of the Idol and published in the United States in 1936.
Durych's Catholic viewpoint was often at odds with the prevailing intellectual climate in the Czechoslovak First Republic; notably his positive evaluation of the developments in Bohemia and baroque culture in general that followed the Battle of White Mountain. Durych felt that the loss suffered there by Frederick V of the Palatinate saved Bohemia from becoming a part of Germany. He was also the target of heavy criticism for supporting the Falangist side during the Spanish Civil War.
Durych died in Prague.
References
Novák, Arne. Přehledné dějiny literatury české. Olomouc, Promberger, 1939.
See also
List of Czech writers
1886 births
1962 deaths
Czech Roman Catholics
Czech journalists
Czech monarchists
Czech male poets
Czech male dramatists and playwrights
Sportspeople from Hradec Králové
20th-century Czech poets
20th-century Czech dramatists and playwrights
20th-century male writers
20th-century journalists
Czech military doctors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav%20Durych |
Ryugyong Chung Ju-yung Gymnasium is an indoor sporting arena located in Pyongyang, North Korea. The capacity of the arena is 12,309 and was built in 2003. It is used to host indoor sporting events, such as basketball and volleyball as well as concerts and art performances.
See also
Chung Ju-yung
References
2003 establishments in North Korea
Indoor arenas in North Korea
Sports venues in Pyongyang
Sports venues completed in 2003
Basketball venues in North Korea
Volleyball venues in North Korea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyang%20Arena |
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