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Warsaw is an unincorporated community in Walsh County, North Dakota, United States. It is approximately 5.5 miles east of Minto (mailing addresses in Warsaw say "Minto" because mail is delivered by postal workers based there) and about 15 miles southeast of Grafton, the county seat. It is in an area of Walsh County that was settled in the 19th century by immigrants from Poland, and which remained a predominantly Polish-speaking area well beyond the middle of the 20th century. The Catholic Church of St. Stanislaus in Warsaw, built in 1901, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Many of the inscriptions on gravestones in the adjacent cemetery are in Polish.
St. Gianna's Maternity Home, which takes in women experiencing "crisis pregnancies" who in some cases might otherwise seek abortions, is located in Warsaw. It is named in honor of Gianna Beretta Molla.
Unincorporated communities in Walsh County, North Dakota
Unincorporated communities in North Dakota
Polish communities in the United States
Polish-American culture in North Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw%2C%20North%20Dakota |
Gleneagles railway station serves the town of Auchterarder in Perth and Kinross, Scotland.
History
The station was opened by the Scottish Central Railway on 14 March 1856 and was originally named Crieff Junction. There was another station with the name of Crieff Junction to the north of this station which was only short-lived. The branch northwestward to was opened (by the Crieff Junction Railway company) on the same day. On 1 April 1912 it was renamed Gleneagles.
The station was rebuilt and the junction remodelled by the Caledonian Railway in 1919 following their takeover of the Scottish Central Railway. The Caledonian Railway built the nearby Gleneagles Hotel, which opened in 1925. The hotel served as the location for the G8 summit in 2005 and is a well-known golf resort; Gleneagles hosted the 2014 Ryder Cup.
In anticipation of the 2014 Ryder Cup, Gleneagles railway station underwent a major refurbishment as part of a £7 million program to improve transport infrastructure in the area. Work was completed in April 2014, seeing the old station building regenerated with a lift, new platforms built upon the original ones, the fitting of Passenger information boards, additional regenerative paint work and a newly built car park built to connect with the new main road from the motorway.
The branch line to Crieff closed on 6 July 1964 due to the Beeching Axe.
Services
On weekdays and Saturdays there is a basic hourly service to southbound and to northbound; most of these continue to . A few early morning and late evening trains run through to . On Sundays, an irregular service is provided by calls on certain Glasgow to Aberdeen or trains.
Gleneagles is also served by the daily Highland Chieftain through service between Inverness and London King's Cross and the Caledonian Sleeper to London Euston each evening except Saturdays. Connections for are available at Stirling at other times.
References
Sources
External links
Video footage of Gleneagles Railway station
Railway stations in Perth and Kinross
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1856
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Railway stations served by Caledonian Sleeper
Railway stations served by London North Eastern Railway
James Miller railway stations
1856 establishments in Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleneagles%20railway%20station |
Spy Glass Blue is an American post-punk/new wave/Britpop band formed by Allan Aguirre of Scaterd Few, is credited for legitimizing and authenticating the post-punk genre in Christian alternative music (ACM) much in the same way that Scaterd Few defined punk rock in Contemporary Christian music (CCM). In the words of the Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music, Spy Glass Blue is a "rare example of Christian goth music." As Allan's solo effort shows Allan's artier ("mellower, artistic") side where Scaterd Few showed his edgier side. Aguirre likens the band's presence to the restructuring of other Christian Alternative bands: Mortal to Fold Zandura or the Crucified to Stavesacre.
Background
Spy Glass Blue was founded in 1995 and immediately released a self-titled vinyl EP. Their first album was released the next year, but because of record label issues did not achieve widespread distribution until 1997. Shadows contain a gothic rock musical style that swings between "light and airy", "dark, haunting, moody", and psychedelic. Spy Glass Blue originally intended to have more of a pop based sound, like "Sade and Seal meets Peter Murphy," of the goth scene Aguirre comments "gothic is one tenth of what we do."
According to one reviewer "Shadows plays mind games with the listener" with its music and deep lyrics. Lyrically it hides its deep meanings in a way that is "sometimes hard to follow." An example is in the song "Stygan", which hides the dangers of stumbling in faith in the words "apostolic apostasy". The overall theme of the album is "the confusion of life without Christ."
On Loud, as Feathers, the vocals lean more toward David Bowie than Peter Murphy.
Band members
1996-97
Drums: Kris Rosentrater
Bass: River Tunnell
Keyboards: Joshua Pyle (Audio Paradox)
Guitar: Kane Kelly
2001
Drums: Kris Rosentrater
Bass: River Tunnell
Guitar: Kane Kelly
2003
Drums: Jason Perez
Bass: Danny
Bass: Brian May
Guitar: Sergio
Guitar: Stephen Bellinski
Discography
Spy Glass Blue (1995)
Shadows (1996)
Loud As Feathers (2001)
The Blue EP (2003)
Additionally, a track was recorded for a second installment of the Terry Scott Taylor tribute disc When Worlds Collide: A Tribute to Daniel Amos. The disc was never released, but Aguirres’ “When Worlds Collide” is available for download.
References
External links
Official Web Site
Spy Glass Blue @ Purevolume
Accidental Sirens
Discography - Includes samples and some full song downloads
Allan Aguirres' Professional Blog
Allan Aguirres' Personal Blog - Silver Plated Boy
Allan Aguirre @ MySpace
American new wave musical groups
American post-punk music groups
Christian punk groups
Christian rock groups from Texas
Musical groups from Dallas
Musical groups established in 1995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spy%20Glass%20Blue |
Robert F. Stambaugh is an American economist, who specializes in econometrics and finance.
Early life and education
Stambaugh graduated from the University of Chicago in 1981.
Career
Stambaugh served as the editor of the Journal of Finance from July 2003 to June 2006 after which he returned to spending most of his time on research and teaching. His research focuses on empirical asset pricing, and he often uses Bayesian analysis in his papers. He was the president of American Finance Association.
He is the Miller Anderson & Sherrerd Professor of Finance at the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania.
He received the 2021 Fama–DFA Prize for best paper in the Journal of Financial Economics.
External links
Homepage
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American economists
University of Chicago alumni
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania faculty
The Journal of Finance editors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20F.%20Stambaugh |
In wireless networking, On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol is a protocol for routing multicast and unicast traffic throughout Ad hoc wireless mesh networks.
ODMRP creates routes on demand, rather than proactively creating routes as OLSR does. This suffers from a route acquisition delay, although it helps reduce network traffic in general. To help reduce the problem of this delay, some implementations send the first data packet along with the route discovery packet.
Because some links may be asymmetric, the path from one node to another is not necessarily the same as the reverse path of these nodes.
See also
AODV
List of ad hoc routing protocols
Mesh Networks
External links
IETF Draft The latest draft specification published by the IETF
Original publication The first paper presenting ODMRP.
Wireless networking
Routing
Routing algorithms
Ad hoc routing protocols | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ODMRP |
Shadows is Spy Glass Blue's first full-length studio album. It was first released in May, 1996 on Pinnacle Records. Its second release was in September, 1997 on Organic Records.
Track listing
"Thin And Leaner"
"Lodging"
"In Sultry Places"
"Can You Feel"
"Me Mine"
"On And On"
"Stygian"
"Iron Grey"
"Ignorant Side"
"Come Patmos"
"Should Have"
"Tell"
Personnel
Allan Aguirre: Vocals, Keyboard, Guitars, Percussion
River Tunnell: Bass Guitars
Kane Kelly: Guitar
Kris Rosentrater: Drums
References
External links
10 Reviews - hosted at spyglassblue.com
1996 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadows%20%28Spy%20Glass%20Blue%20album%29 |
Loud As Feathers is Spy Glass Blue's second full-length studio album. Its sound leans toward a "space rock vibe" with David Bowieesque vocals. HM editor Doug Van Pelt lists the standout tracks as "Light Machine" and "Ophelia".
Track listing
"Light Machine"
"Turn and Remember"
"Because of You"
"The Dreaming"
"Morning Star"
"Everything"
"Ophelia"
"(Looks Like) We Made It"
"Song For My Children"
"And I Go"
Credits
Allan Aguirre: Vocals, Keyboard, 12 String Acoustic Guitar, Electric Rhythm & Lead, Percussion
Kane Kelly: Lead and Rhythm Electric Guitar
Kristian Rosentrater: Drums, Percussion, Drum Loops
River Tunnell: 4 and 5 String Bass Guitar
Produced, arranged, and mixed by Allan Aguirre
Assisted by Joshua Pyle
References
2001 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loud%20as%20Feathers |
Sun Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in the city of Ise, Mie Prefecture, Japan. The capacity of the arena is 11,000. The arena was host to the 2009 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships.
External links
Official website
Basketball venues in Japan
Indoor arenas in Japan
Kyoto Hannaryz
Sports venues in Mie Prefecture
1994 establishments in Japan
Sports venues completed in 1994
Ise, Mie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%20Arena |
The Land and Labour League was formed in October 1869 by a group of radical trade unionists affiliated to the International Working Men's Association. Its formation was precipitated by discussion of the land question at the Basle Congress of 1869. The League advocated the full nationalisation of land, and was for a brief time the centre of a working class republican network in London, with its own paper, The Republican. Despite petering out by 1873 the League had some radicalising impact on the Land Tenure Reform Association established by John Stuart Mill, which adopted a policy of taxing the unearned increment on land value under pressure from the League.
Patrick Hennessey, an Irish trade unionist, was the League's President. The secretaries were Martin J. Boon and John Weston, and the treasurer was Johann Eccarius. Its executives included the republicans Charles Bradlaugh and George Odger. Benjamin Lucraft served on its council.
References
Political organisations based in London | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%20and%20Labour%20League |
Terra-3 (Russian: терра–3) was a Soviet laser testing centre, located on the Sary Shagan anti-ballistic missile (ABM) testing range in the Karaganda Region of Kazakhstan. It was originally built to test missile defence concepts, but these attempts were dropped after the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was signed. The site later hosted two modest devices used primarily for experiments in space tracking. Several other laser test sites were also active during this period. During the 1980s, officials within the United States Department of Defense (DoD) suggested it was the site of a prototypical anti-satellite weapon system. The site was abandoned and is now partially disassembled.
History
Development of laser weapons in the Soviet Union began in 1964–1965. Among many proposals for laser weapons was an explosively pumped gas dynamic laser. Construction, consisting of a large concrete bunker lined with steel plates, was begun at Sary Shagan, but the facility was far from complete when the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty was signed in 1972, and these efforts ended.
The buildings were then re-purposed for more modest laser systems. Vympel NPO led the construction and developed the tracking and aiming systems. The lasers were developed at Astrofizika, a company newly formed from the laser departments of several defence contractors. They installed two lasers at the site, a visible-light ruby laser that was installed in 1979, and an infrared carbon dioxide laser that was installed in 1982. Tracking systems were tested by fitting aircraft with laser detectors and then looking for signals when the lasers fired. There were also tests against satellites that passed over the site, in an effort to demonstrate the ability to blind optical sensors. Instead, these experiments demonstrated the inability of the tracking system to point the lasers with the required level of accuracy in order to be effective.
Anti-satellite weapon claims
With the development of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) in the early 1980s, the DoD began claiming that the Soviets were developing an anti-satellite laser weapons system at the Sary Shagan site. These statements were part of an argument suggesting that a sort of "laser gap" existed between the USSR and the US, harkening back to the mythical bomber gap and missile gap of previous decades. As it would turn out, this comparison was quite accurate, as the laser gap turned out to be equally mythical. Throughout, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was returning reports on the site that were quite accurate, and at odds with the DoD's public statements. The DoD presented only the worst-case assessments found in the public portions of the CIA's reports.
With the ending of the Cold War, a delegation of US officials and experts were able to visit the site in July 1989. These observers noted a wide variety of evidence that the system, while intended to research the possibility of an anti-satellite laser capability, had never reached anywhere near the operational stage. The laser viewed by the US officials was extremely low-power, including the small size of the focusing optics and the uncooled director which would be incapable of handling a large laser. The lasers that they found were 1,000 times less powerful that the US's own MIRACL. The team dismissed the site as non-operational.
When discussing the issue, Soviet officials were somewhat amused. They noted that the US public often had better information than their own military, and that excessive secrecy had led the Soviet citizenry to distrust the military's claims as to their own capabilities.
Space Shuttle attack rumour
Terra-3 is the topic of a claim that the IR laser was used to target the Space Shuttle Challenger during its 6th orbital mission on 10 October 1984 (STS-41-G). According to reports by Steven Zaloga, the Shuttle was briefly illuminated and caused "malfunctions on the space shuttle and distress to the crew," causing the United States to file a diplomatic protest about the incident. This claim appears to have started with former Soviet officials, notably Boris Kononenko. The crew members and "knowledgeable members of the US intelligence community" have denied that the shuttle was illuminated by the Terra-3.
See also
Omega (laser)
References
Missile defense
Space weapons
Military lasers
Science and technology in the Soviet Union
Military installations of the Soviet Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terra-3 |
Balto II: Wolf Quest is a 2002 American animated adventure film produced and directed by Phil Weinstein. It is the sequel to Universal Pictures/Amblin Entertainment's 1995 Northern animated film Balto.
Plot
One year after his heroic journey, Balto has mated with Jenna, and they now have a new family of six puppies in Alaska. Five of their puppies resemble their husky mother, while one pup named Aleu takes her looks from her wolfdog father. When they all reach eight weeks old, all of the other pups are adopted to new homes, but no one wants Aleu due to her wild animal looks, forcing her to live with her father. A year later when she is grown, Aleu is almost killed by a hunter who mistakes her for a wild wolf. Balto tells Aleu the truth about her wolf heritage, causing her to run away, hoping to find her place in the world. Balto then goes out into the Alaskan wilderness to find her. At the same time, Balto has been struggling with strange dreams of a raven and a pack of wolves, and he cannot understand their meaning. Balto resolves to find the meaning of these dreams as he searches for Aleu. His friends Boris, Muk, and Luk attempt to join him, but after they are halted by some unknown force, they realize that this journey is meant only for the father and daughter themselves.
Taking refuge in a cave, Aleu meets the field mouse Muru, who explains that Aleu should not be ashamed of her lineage, which tells her what she is but not who she is. Muru reveals himself to be Aleu's spirit guide and tells her to go on a journey of self-discovery. Balto and Aleu reunite when he saves her from the grizzly bear and reconcile, and find their way to the ocean, where they are attacked by a group of starving Northwestern wolves led by Niju, an arrogant and vicious wolf. The confrontation is defused by the elderly Nava, the true leader of the pack, who welcomes Balto and Aleu. Nava announces to his pack that the wolf spirit Aniu has contacted him in "dream visions". Aniu has told him that the caribou herd they depend on during the winter has moved across the ocean and will not return and that they will soon be led by a new leader, "the one who is a wolf but does not know". Nava believes that Balto, who is half wolf himself, is the chosen one that Aniu was speaking of. However, Niju refuses to abandon his homeland and takes control of the pack, and plots to steal from other animal clans in the area to survive the winter.
Aleu has a "dream vision" of the caribou herd crossing a bridge made of ice floes. The next morning, Niju prepares to lead an attack on a clan of bears, but is stopped by Balto just as a large group of ice floes in the ocean come together to form a land bridge. Balto then leads the pack across the bridge until Nava falls behind. When Aleu attempts to help Nava, Niju attacks, and Balto doubles back to save them, leaving the pack leaderless. Nava cannot make the journey across the ice in his old age, and Balto tells Niju to go lead the clan. Niju refuses, too afraid to leave his home, and soon returns to the shore. Balto prepares to go to the pack, but Aleu realizes that her true place is to take leadership of the pack as Nava foretold. Balto and Aleu say goodbye to each other before Aleu rejoins the pack and takes over as the leader. Back on shore, Nava bids farewell to Balto before going to look for Niju so they can survive together. The raven appears to Balto again, and transforms into Aniu, revealing herself to be his mother before he begins to make his way home.
Voice cast
Maurice LaMarche as Balto. He was voiced by Kevin Bacon in the original film.
Jodi Benson as Jenna. She was voiced by Bridget Fonda in the original film.
Lacey Chabert as Aleu
David Carradine as Nava
Mark Hamill as Niju
Charles Fleischer as Boris. He was voiced by Bob Hoskins in the original film.
Peter MacNicol as Muru
Rob Paulsen as Terrier, Sumac, Wolverine #2, singing voice of Muru
Nicolette Little as Dingo
Melanie Spore as Saba
Kevin Schon as Muk, Luk, Wolverine #1. Muk and Luk were voiced by Phil Collins in the original film.
Joe Alaskey as Hunter, Nuk
Monnae Michaell as Aniu
Mary Kay Bergman as Fox, Wolverine #3
Jeff Bennett as Yak
Balto II: Wolf Quest is the last film Bergman contributed to before she committed suicide on November 11, 1999, releasing it posthumously.
Production
Following the original film's strong video sales, production and development on Balto II: Wolf Quest, as well as Balto III: Wings of Change, began in 1996 at Universal Studios's animation division, Universal Cartoon Studios. Due to the film not taking any historical references from the true story of Balto (as opposed to the original film), as well as having a completely different crew, only Balto, Boris, Jenna, Muk, and Luk were recast. Denis Leary and Jeff Bennett were considered for replacing Kevin Bacon, Balto's voice actor from the original film. Instead, Bennett settled for the role of Yak, and the role of Balto went to Canadian voice actor Maurice LaMarche. Voice-recording sessions took place in 1997 at Salami Studios in Hollywood.
After the actors recorded their voices, animating and filming commenced at the Taiwanese-American studio Wang Film Productions, because Amblimation, which did the animation for the original film, had gone out of business in 1997. Unlike the original film, it is entirely animated and contained no live action sequences. Although most of the film's animation was hand-drawn, the film contained multiple computer-assisted scenes, which were done by Robin Conover and Flammarion Ferreira. Additional CGI animation was provided by flashbangstudios.com and by Visual Approach. Visual Approach also designed the film's opening titles. Post-production took place at Complete Post in Los Angeles. Sound post-production took place at Hacienda Post in Burbank, California, and at Castle Oaks Productions in Calabasas, California.
This film features the final voice role of Mary Kay Bergman. The film was originally scheduled to be released in 2000, but was pushed back two years due to Bergman's death in 1999. Due to this, the characters that are featured here, including those that were voiced by Bergman, could not be brought back in the next film Balto III: Wings of Change as new characters are introduced.
Music
The songs are written by Michele Brourman and Amanda McBroom. A chorus performs several of the songs, and includes Amanda McBroom, George Ball, Roger Freeland, Ali Olmo, Lisa Harlow Stark and Rob Trow.
Original songs performed in the film include:
Awards
Balto II: Wolf Quest was nominated for an Annie Award in 2003 for "Outstanding Storyboarding in an Animated Television Production".
Writer Dev Ross was awarded the Humanitas Prize in 2002 for her script in the Children's Animation category.
References
External links
Animated films about dogs
2002 direct-to-video films
2000s adventure films
Animated films set in the 1920s
Direct-to-video sequel films
American children's animated adventure films
American children's animated drama films
American children's animated musical films
Universal Pictures direct-to-video animated films
2002 animated films
2002 films
Universal Animation Studios animated films
Animated films set in North America
2000s American animated films
Universal Pictures direct-to-video films
Animated films about wolves
2000s children's animated films
2000s English-language films
Animated films set in Alaska | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balto%20II%3A%20Wolf%20Quest |
Mistrial is the fourteenth solo studio album by American rock musician Lou Reed, released in April 1986 by RCA Records two years after his previous studio album, New Sensations (1984). Fernando Saunders and Reed produced the album.
Mistrial peaked at No. 47 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and at No. 69 on the UK Albums Chart. Two singles were released from the album: "The Original Wrapper" and "No Money Down" with the latter being the only single to chart, peaking at No. 75 on the ARIA Charts. A music video directed by rock duo Godley & Creme, was created for "No Money Down" that featured an animatronic Lou Reed, and a music video was also created for "The Original Wrapper" which features time-lapse photography of New Yorkers on the street.
Panamanian singer Rubén Blades provided backing vocals on two tracks, "I Remember You" and "Tell It to Your Heart", while punk rock musician Jim Carroll sang backing vocals on one, "Video Violence".
Track listing
Personnel
Adapted from the Mistrial liner notes.
Musicians
Lou Reed – vocals; lead guitar; rhythm guitar
Fernando Saunders – rhythm guitar on "Tell It to Your Heart" and "Don't Hurt a Woman", bass guitar, synthesizer, programming, piano on "I Remember You", percussion on "Outside", backing vocals
Eddie Martinez – rhythm guitar on "No Money Down", "Don't Hurt a Woman" and "The Original Wrapper"
Rick Bell – tenor saxophone on "No Money Down"
J.T. Lewis – drums on "Mistrial", "Don't Hurt a Woman" and "Tell It to Your Heart", percussion on "No Money Down"
Sammy Merendino – programming on "Don't Hurt a Woman" and "Tell It to Your Heart", percussion on "No Money Down", "Video Violence" and "The Original Wrapper"
Jim Carroll – backing vocals on "Video Violence"
Rubén Blades – backing vocals on "I Remember You" and "Tell It to Your Heart"
Production and artwork
Lou Reed – producer
Fernando Saunders – producer
Bruce Lampcov – mixing
Sylvia Reed – cover design
Charts
See also
List of albums released in 1986
Lou Reed's discography
References
External links
1986 albums
Lou Reed albums
RCA Records albums
Albums produced by Lou Reed | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistrial%20%28album%29 |
, or , is a covered speed skating oval in the city of Nagano, Japan. M-Wave, which opened in November, 1996, was constructed for the speed skating events at the 1998 Winter Olympics. It was Japan's first International Skating Union (ISU) standard indoor 400m double-track, and only second indoor track speed skating in Japan. The other, Meiji Hokkaido-Tokachi Oval, is located in Obihiro, Hokkaido.
In addition to the 1998 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, the 2002 World Figure Skating Championships, various ISU world speed skating championships and speed skating world cups, and the 2005 Special Winter Olympics were held.Outside the winter business, other sporting events, large-scale exhibitions and concerts are held.
M-Wave is located in the eastern sections of Nagano City, in the communities of and , near the Chikuma River and the city of . M-Wave is located within short distance of four other venues of the 1998 Winter Olympics. It is 3 kilometers from the Aqua Wing Arena, which hosted ice hockey; 5 kilometers from Big Hat, which also hosted ice hockey; 6 kilometers from White Ring (arena), which hosted the figure skating and short track speed skating events; and 11 kilometers from Nagano Olympic Stadium, which was used for the opening and closing ceremonies.
The skating rink operates from October to March, with the 400-m speed skating oval and a regulation-size ice hockey rink inside the oval.
M-Wave was constructed at a cost of 348 billion yen as a speed skating venue for the 1998 Winter Olympics. The building's name, M-Wave comes from its distinct shape which is designed to resemble the surrounding mountains. The building, which was the recipient of the Special Award by the British Institution of Structural Engineers, is one of the largest hanging wooden roof structures in the world. The arena has a capacity of 18,000. The M-Wave is equipped with movable stands and an automatically winding artificial lawn machine. The two movable stands, each of which have seating for 1,210 spectators, allow the arena to be converted into various configurations including concert hall or a football field.
History
Construction of the M-Wave was completed on November 21, 1996. It was the fourth Nagano Winter Olympic venue to be completed.
In 1998, The M-Wave had projected annual maintenance costs of 524 million yen. Nagano City commissioned a public–private partnership company, M-Wave Corporation, to operate the arena. In a report of venue costs and usage 20 years after the Olympics, M-Wave and Spiral, which was used for bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton were singled out as examples of successful usage. In particular, M-Wave remains profitable. The economic ripple effect from the National Junior High School Skating Championships, which have taken place at M-Wave and Big Hat every year since 2008, alone brings in 250 million yen.
M-Wave Corporation operates M-Wave and Big Hat, which is now a multipurpose sport, theatre, and meeting venue. Since January, 2019, the president of M-Wave Corporation is Shinichi Takizawa, formerly of JTB Corporation and past managing director of the Nagano Convention and Visitors Bureau.
Speed Skating Championship Events
1997 World Allround Speed Skating Championships
The 1997 World Allround Speed Skating Championships were held between February 14 and 16, 1997 at the M-Wave. The Allround Speed Skating Championships are annual speed skating championships. Over two days, skaters race the 500m and 1000m on two days each, each once in the inner lane and once in the outer lane, for both races. The 1997 event was held as a test event for M-Wave in preparation for the 1998 Winter Olympics. The women's medalists were Gunda Niemann - gold, Claudia Pechstein - silver, and Tonny de Jong - bronze. The men's medalists were Ids Postma - gold, Keiji Shirahata - silver, and Frank Dittrich - bronze.
1998 Winter Olympics
During the 1998 Winter Olympics, M-Wave hosted the long—track speed skating events between 8 February and 20 February. In all, ten events were contested, five each in women's and men's speed skating: 500m, 1000m, 1500m, and 5000m for both men and mown, and 3000m for women and 10,000m for men.
A total of 25 nations participated in long-track speed skating at these games, with eight nations winning medals, including the Netherlands with eleven, Germany with six, Canada with five, and host nation Japan with three.
Nine athletes were multiple medal winners. Both Marianne Timmer and Gianni Romme won two gold medals each. Both Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann and Rintje Ritsma won three medals each. Other multiple medal winners were Catriona Le May Doan, Claudia Pechstein, Chris Witty, Ids Postma, and Hiroyasu Shimizu.
Five world records and twelve Olympic records were set at the M-Wave during the 1998 Winter Olympics. The world records were set by Marianne Timmer (1500m), Claudia Pechstein (5000m), Gianni Romme (5000m and 10000m), and Ådne Søndrål (1500m).
1998 Winter Paralympics
During the 1998 Winter Paralympics, M-Wave hosted the opening and closing ceremonies and the ice sledge speed racing events between 5 and 14 March. In all,sixteen events were contested,eight in women's and another eight in men's : 100m,500m, 1000m, and 1500m for both men and woman in two competitions classes.
1999 Asian Speed Skating Championships
The 1999 Asian Speed Skating Championships, an all-round completion, were held between January 9 and 10, 1999, at M-Wave. Japanese female and male skaters won all medals, including Maki Tabata who finished first in the 500, 3000m, 1500m, and second in the 5000m.
World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships
2000
The 2000 World Single Distances Speed Skating Championships were held at M-Wave from 3 March and 5 March. In all, ten events were contested, men's and women's 500 meters, 1000 meters, 1500 meters, 5000 meters, and women's 3000, and men's 10,000. Germany and Netherlands won nine medals, including five gold and three gold respectively. Host Japan won three medals, including one gold by Hiroyasu Shimizu. Gianni Romme, Monique Garbrecht, and Claudia Pechstein each won two gold.
2008
The 2008 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships were held at M-Wave from 6 March and 9 March. In all, 12 events were contested, men's and women's 500 meters, 1000 meters, 1500 meters, 5000 meters, team pursuit, and women's 3000, and men's 10,000. Netherlands won 11 medals, including four gold, Canada won nine medals, including three gold. Joji Kato won a bronze medal for host Japan. Sven Kramer and Anni Friesinger each won two gold. In the men's 1500 won by Denny Morrison, no bronze medal was awarded as Sven Kramer and Shani Davis tied for silver.
World Sprint Speed Skating Championships
2004
The women's medalists were Marianne Timmer - gold, Anni Friesinger - silver, and Jennifer Rodriguez - bronze. The men's medalists were Erben Wennemars - gold, Jeremy Wotherspoon - silver, and Mike Ireland - bronze.
2014
The 2014 World Sprint Speed Skating Championships took place January 18–19, 2014. The women's medalists were Yu Jing - gold, Zhang Hong - silver, and Heather Richardson - bronze. The men's medalists were Michel Mulder - gold, Shani Davis - silver, and Daniel Greig - bronze.
All Japan Speed Skating Distance Championships
The have been held in autumn at the M-Wave. In 2018, the 25th Annual All Japan Speed Skating Distance Championships were held from October 26 to October 28.
ISU Speed Skating World Cup
Since 1998, M-Wave has hosted ten ISU Speed Skating World Cup events, one each in speed skating seasons of 1998–99, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2016–17, and 2019–2020.
Other Championship Events
2002 World Figure Skating Championships
The 2002 World Figure Skating Championships were held at M-Wave from 16 March and 24 March. In all, four events were contested, men's and women's singles, pairs, and ice dance. Six nations won medals, including four by Russia, three by the United States and two by host nation Japan.
2005 Special Olympics World Winter Games
The 2005 Special Olympics World Winter Games were held in Nagano between February 26 and March 5. In addition to the speed skating events, M-Wave hosted the opening and closing ceremonies.
General Usage of the Arena
Public Skating
During the skating season, from October to March, Ice skating is typically available throughout the day, except during tournaments and other special events. Skating is available for 1510 yen for adults or 810 yen for junior high school students and younger, on weekends; and 820 yen for adults (or 410 yen for junior high school students and younger) during weekdays. A very large selection of speed skates, ice hockey skates, and figure skates are available to rent for 610 yen. Skaters may bring their own skates as well. One day per month, usually a Sunday, during skating season, the arena is open to the general public for free. Entrance to arena is via the South Entrance.
Nagano Olympic Commemorative Marathon
The , an IAAF Bronze Label Road Race competition., which has both elite and amateur runners, circles M-Wave at the 17 km mark of the race.
Access
Public Transportation
By local bus, the M-Wave is approximately 5 kilometers east of JR Nagano Station. Nagaden Bus, No. 8, the Suzaka-Yashima Line and the Watauchi-Yashima Line, depart from the south exit of Nagano Station. The nearest bus stops to the M-Wave are or .
Intercity Bus
The M-Wave Mae bus stop is also a stop for the highway bus connecting the Shinjuku Highway Bus Terminal in Tokyo with Nagano.
Car
By car, M-Wave is approximately 5 minutes from the Suzaka/Nagano Higashi IC, which is on the Jōshin-etsu Expressway which runs through Gunma, Nagano, and Niigata, and which connects to the Kan-Etsu Expressway linking this region to Tokyo. M-Wave is also approximately 15 minutes by car from Nagano city center. At the M-Wave, there are 300 car parking spaces outside, or up to 60 coaches, and 500 car underground parking spaces.
Roads
"M-Wave Dori", Nagano Prefectural road Route 58 runs from Nagano Station to the Suzaka/Nagano Higashi IC.
Nagano Prefectural road Route 372 runs from Sansai to Mamejima.
Route 58 and Route 372 meet at M-Wave Intersection.
Surrounding area
Directly across the street from the M-Wave is a four-block 10-12 storey apartment complex named . This complex was the site of the Media Village during the 1998 Winter Olympics. Asahi Danchi includes private sector housing as well as housing for prefectural employees.
Gallery
Track records
See also
List of indoor arenas in Japan
List of indoor speed skating rinks
References
External links
1998 Winter Olympics official report. Volume 2. pp. 212–4.
M-WAVE Nagano Olympic Memorial Arena (official site)
M-Wave at SkateResults.com
Venues of the 1998 Winter Olympics
Basketball venues in Japan
Olympic speed skating venues
Indoor arenas in Japan
Speed skating venues in Japan
Indoor speed skating venues
Shinshu Brave Warriors
Sport in Nagano (city)
Sports venues in Nagano Prefecture
Sports venues completed in 1996
1996 establishments in Japan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-Wave |
Land of Light is an album by the Scottish traditional folk band The Tannahill Weavers which was released in 1986. The band is joined on several tracks (Bustles and Bonnets, The American Stranger, Conon Bridge, Donald MacLean's Farewell to Oban and The Scottish Settler's Lament) by Scottish fiddler Dougie MacLean. The album was recorded at Castle Sound Studios, the Old School, Midlothian, Scotland.
Track listing
Lucy Cassidy / The Bletherskate / The Smith of Chilliechassie
The Scottish Settler's Lament
Donald MacLean's Farewell to Oban / Dunrobin Castle / The Wise Maid / Iain's Jig
The Rovin' Heilandman
The Yellow-haired Laddie / Dream Angus
Land of Light
The Queen amang the Heather / Mairi Anne MacInnes
Bustles and Bonnets
The American Stranger
Conon Bridge / MacBeth's Strathspey / Maor David Manson / Mrs MacPherson of Inveran
Personnel
Roy Gullane - guitar, mandolin, tenor banjo, vocals
Phil Smillie - flute, whistles, pan pipes, vocals
Ian MacInnes - war pipes, G Scottish small pipes, B-flat Scottish small pipes, whistles, vocals
Ross Kennedy - bouzouki, fiddle, bass pedals, vocals
References
1986 albums
The Tannahill Weavers albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land%20of%20Light |
Amherst Regional High School (ARHS) is located in Amherst, Nova Scotia, Canada. The school delivers classes from grade 9 to 12 as well as the Career Exploration Program (CEP) an hosts the largest allocation of NSISP (Nova Scotia International Student Program) students in Nova Scotia.
The first ARHS location opened in 1893 on Spring Street. It closed in 2000 when the "new" Amherst Regional High School opened on Willow Street. The new ARHS was the last of the "Private Partner" schools in Nova Scotia.
The new location includes a regulation high school gymnasium and a 493-seat auditorium.
References
External links
Official website
Amherst, Nova Scotia
High schools in Nova Scotia
Schools in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amherst%20Regional%20High%20School%20%28Nova%20Scotia%29 |
Ainaro (, ) is one of 13 municipalities of East Timor, in the southwest part of the country. It has a population of 59,175 (census 2010) and an area of 804 km2. Its capital is the city of Ainaro, a small mountain town.
Etymology
The name of the municipality is derived from 'Ai Naruk', the local Mambai language word for "tall tree", and refers to a species of tree that grows in the region. Ainaro is a Portuguese approximation of Ainaru, the Mambai and Tetum derivation.
The traditional name of the region, 'Orluli', is still used today by during ceremonies, such as the sergala, to greet important guests.
Geography
Ainaro has a great abundance of rivers and fertile terrain for agriculture. It has a coastal area, on the Timor Sea, but also mountainous zones, including the highest point in East Timor, Mount Ramelau (2,960 m), also known as Tatamailau, which lies near the border with Ermera.
The borders of the municipality are identical to that of the same in Portuguese Timor, with the following exceptions: during the Indonesian occupation, the then subdistrict of Turiscai became part of Manufahi from Ainaro, and the then subdistrict of Hato-Udo became part of Ainaro in exchange. The then subdistrict of Mape-Zumalai became part of Cova Lima in 2003.
The municipality borders Aileu to the north, Manufahi to the south, Cova Lima to the southwest, Bobonaro to the west, and Ermera to the northwest.
History
Ainaro played an important role during the brutal Indonesian occupation of East Timor, providing shelter for the mountain-based guerrilla resistance army. Former guerrilla leader and former President Xanana Gusmão, as a actually Prime Minister of 2023-2027 spent many years directing the resistance from Ainaro.
Administrative posts
The municipality's administrative posts (formerly sub-districts) are:
Ainaro administrative post (place of capital Ainaro)
Hato-Udo Administrative Post
Hatu-Builico Administrative Post
Maubisse Administrative Post
Demographics
62.4 % of the population speaks Mambai as mother tongue, 29.1 % Tetum and 7.5 % Bunak. 400 persons are speaking Kemac. 99.1 % are Catholics, 0.9 % protestants, 0.03 % Muslim and only 19 persons are following still the traditional beliefs (census 2015).
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
– official site (in Tetum with some content in English)
– information page on Ministry of State Administration site
Municipalities of East Timor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainaro%20Municipality |
Springburn railway station serves the Springburn district of Glasgow, Scotland. The station is north of Glasgow Queen Street (High level) station on the Cumbernauld Line and is a terminus of the Springburn branch, a spur from Bellgrove station, on the North Clyde Line.
The station was first built by the City of Glasgow Union Railway, whose branch line from opened to goods traffic in 1875. A station building was designed by the engineer James Carswell in 1875 and was opened in 1887, when passenger traffic then began operating. Initially built as a terminus, two through platforms were added shortly afterwards by the company when they gained running powers over the Sighthill Branch of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway, which ran alongside the CGUR at this location. The link into this line gave the company access to both the E&G main line at Cowlairs and also the former Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway, which had now become the main Caledonian Railway route from Glasgow Buchanan Street to NE Scotland via and Stirling. Several different passenger routes operated from the station, including workers trains to on the Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway and a circular service that also used the Stobcross Railway and the GD&HR. The CGUR was absorbed jointly by the North British and Glasgow and South Western Railway in 1896, with the former company taking over the Bellgrove to Springburn branch.
The line from Bellgrove was electrified in November 1960 as part of the North Clyde scheme, but regular services northward to Cowlairs ended in 1963, when the workers trains to Singer were withdrawn. However, three years later, trains from Cumbernauld were re-routed here with the closure of the Buchanan Street terminus to passenger traffic. Passengers had to change onto the North Clyde Line at Springburn to reach the city, as there was no direct route at that time to Queen Street main line station. Normal practice therefore was to operate a Cumbernauld to Springburn shuttle service which connected with the North Clyde line trains. Through running eventually commenced in 1989, albeit with a reversal in a loop alongside the carriage sidings and depot at Eastfield to begin with.
Cumbernauld Line trains are now able to run directly to Queen Street High Level via the Cowlairs Chord - a single track south to east curve which was opened in 1993 by British Rail. The line has now been electrified as part of the Edinburgh to Glasgow Improvement Programme.
Springburn station has kept its four platforms, with two used by through trains and the others by terminating services from Bellgrove and points west. Two through goods lines used to run past the station to the west; these formed the original E&G Sighthill branch. They were latterly used to access the goods yard at Sighthill prior to its closure in October 1981, as well as to access St. Rollox railway works but they have since been lifted.
The station building was designed by James Carsewell - it is now protected as a category B listed building.
Services
2006/07
On the Cumbernauld Line Mondays to Saturdays there is a half-hourly service from Springburn to Glasgow Queen Street southbound and to northbound (hourly to ). On Sundays there is an hourly service in each direction.
On the North Clyde Line Mondays to Saturdays there is a half-hourly service to Glasgow Queen Street (Low Level) and beyond to and . There is no service on Sundays and Bank Holidays.
2013/14
A half-hourly service remains in operation on the Cumbernauld Line (with hourly extensions to Falkirk Grahamston) and the North Clyde line. Services on the latter run to Dalmuir via Yoker during the daytime and Balloch via in the evenings. On Sundays there is an hourly service to Cumbernauld only - there are no trains to Falkirk or on the North Clyde Line.
From 18 May 2014, North Clyde line services will be extended every half-hour to Cumbernauld (after a reversal here) with the start of electric operation on that route. This will replace one of the two current services from Queen Street HL to Cumbernauld each hour, though the existing hourly DMU service between Falkirk Grahamston and Queen Street High Level will also remain in operation. On Sundays, the present hourly service will remain, but it will be provided by EMUs and run to and from via Queen Street LL.
2016
As noted above there are two trains per hour between Cumbernauld and Dalmuir via Yoker each way that call here on Mondays to Saturdays, along with the hourly DMU service between Queen Street H.L. and Falkirk Grahamston (the EMUs now continue to since the May 2016 timetable change). On Sundays there is an hourly service to Cumbernauld and Partick. Between March and August 2016, the service was modified further due to engineering work temporarily closing Queen Street High Level.
2018/19
From December 2018, a new half hourly Glasgow - Edinburgh via Cumbernauld and Falkirk Grahamston service will start, replacing the hourly DMU service and take over the existing EMU service between Springburn and Cumbernauld. The new service will use new Class 385 EMUs with the Springburn - Dumbarton Central service using existing Class 318, 320 and 334 stock. On Sundays however trains run between Springburn and Partick only.
Notes
Sources
External links
Railscot - Photographs of Springburn
Railway stations in Glasgow
Former North British Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1887
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1917
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1919
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
Listed railway stations in Scotland
Category B listed buildings in Glasgow
Springburn | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springburn%20railway%20station |
Joel Spencer (born April 20, 1946) is an American mathematician. He is a combinatorialist who has worked on probabilistic methods in combinatorics and on Ramsey theory. He received his doctorate from Harvard University in 1970, under the supervision of Andrew Gleason. He is currently () a professor at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University. Spencer's work was heavily influenced by Paul Erdős, with whom he coauthored many papers (giving him an Erdős number of 1).
In 1963, while studying at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Spencer became a Putnam Fellow. In 1984 Spencer received a Lester R. Ford Award. He was an Erdős Lecturer at Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2001. In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
He was elected as a fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics in 2017, "for contributions to discrete mathematics and theory of computing, particularly random graphs and networks, Ramsey theory, logic, and randomized algorithms". In 2021 he received the Leroy P. Steele Prize for Mathematical Exposition with his coauthor Noga Alon for their book The Probabilistic Method.
Selected publications
Probabilistic methods in combinatorics, with Paul Erdős, New York: Academic Press, 1974.
Ramsey theory, with Bruce L. Rothschild and Ronald L. Graham, New York: Wiley, 1980; 2nd ed., 1990.
Ten lectures on the probabilistic method, Philadelphia: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1987; 2nd ed., 1994.
The strange logic of random graphs, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2001.
The probabilistic method, with Noga Alon, New York: Wiley, 1992; 2nd ed., 2000; 3rd ed., 2008.
Deterministic random walks on regular trees, American Mathematical Society, New York, 2008.
Asymptopia, with Laura Florescu, American Mathematical Society, 2014.
See also
Packing in a hypergraph
References
External links
Joel Spencer's Website
1946 births
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Living people
Harvard University alumni
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty
Graph theorists
Putnam Fellows
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20Spencer |
Novyi Svit or Novy Svet (; ; ; ) is a resort and urban-type settlement in Sudak Municipality in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, a territory recognized by a majority of countries as part of Ukraine and incorporated by Russia as the Republic of Crimea. It is known for Novyi Svit sparkling wine produced there. Champagne production was introduced into Novyi Svit by a local landowner, Prince Lev Golitsyn, in the late 19th century. Population:
The town is situated in a very scenic area where numerous Soviet movies were filmed. It boasts some fine beaches, a couple of resort hotels (one of which was supposed to be for Soviet cosmonauts), a several km tunnel inside a mountain where a factory stores its products, and a large juniper forest.
References
External links
Sudak Municipality
Urban-type settlements in Crimea
Seaside resorts in Russia
Seaside resorts in Ukraine
Tourist attractions in Crimea
Wine regions of Russia
Wine regions of Ukraine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novyi%20Svit |
Bridlewood is a neighbourhood in Kanata South Ward in the western part of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Bridlewood was part of the Township of Nepean until 1978, and then part of the City of Kanata until 2001, when that city amalgamated with the City of Ottawa.
Location
According to the Bridlewood Community Association, the neighbourhood is located east of Eagleson Road, south and west of the National Capital Commission Greenbelt, and north of Hope Side Road. As of the 2016 Canada Census, this area had a population of 24,400. This community is located in the southeast part of the former city of Kanata and is 12 km from the boundary of pre-amalgamation Ottawa proper.
History
Bridlewood began to develop as a residential area in the 1980s in the northern part of the community. Previous to that, the land was used for agricultural purposes.
Most of the land that became Bridlewood was originally part of the Deevy farm, in the Township of Nepean. On December 1, 1978, Bridlewood was amalgamated into the new City of Kanata. The farmhouse and barn remained in the centre of the community just off Equestrian Drive until it was demolished in 2013.
In the early 1970s, Ontario Hydro installed a hydro line corridor through what would become the community, and in 1989 the voltage of the hydro lines was increased from a single 230 kV line to two (i.e., twin) towers with 500 kV lines. The Bridlewood Residents Hydro Line Committee (now defunct) opposed this change, citing concerns for children's health when exposed to electromagnetic radiation. The BRHLC struggle received national media attention, including by CTV's W5 and CBC's The Journal.
According to the Canada 2006 Census, there were 19,167 people living in Bridlewood. The 2011 Census reported 21,247 people living in Bridlewood. According to the Canada 2016 Census, 24,400 people were reported living in Bridlewood.
Community
The Bridlewood Community Association (BCA) serves not only Bridlewood but the adjacent community of Emerald Meadows. The BCA deals with various community matters including sports, outdoor hockey rinks, garage sales, safety and security, business networking, traffic volume concerns, and developer and zoning activity.
Bridlewood is served by local councillor Allan Hubley as it is part of the Kanata South Ward.
Sports
Sports participation is significant in Bridlewood. The BCA estimates participance of over 800 children for the 2007 soccer program. Bridlewood is a community participant in the True Sport movement, which is a Canadian program espousing goals of ensuring positive and meaningful experiences for sport participants.
Schools
There are six elementary schools in this area:
Primary schools
W.O. Mitchell Elementary School
Bridlewood Community Elementary School
Roch Carrier Elementary School
Catholic schools
St. James Catholic School
St. Anne Catholic School
Elizabeth Bruyere Catholic School
New public French language elementary school "École élémentaire publique Kanata-Sud" was opened in September 2010.
Community shopping plazas
There are four strip malls in this community:
Stonehaven Plaza
Located at 701 Eagleson Road.
Optometrist
Bridlewood Animal Hospital
Big Bone BBQ
Hair Tech (Hair Salon) Formerly known as Hair Tech 2000
Kanata Music Academy
Scotiabank
Polish Nail Bar
Eagleson Plaza
Located at 700 Eagleson Rd.
Beer Store
Bridlewood Chiropractic and Massage Therapy (Moved 320 Eagleson Rd)
Bridlewood Home Hardware
Domino's Pizza
First Choice Haircutters
Goodlife Fitness
Harvey's
Heavenly Spa
Kanata Dental Centre
Rogers Plus
Shoppers Drug Mart
Starbucks Coffee
Subway
TD Canada Trust
Wild Wing
Bridlewood Square
Black Belt Excellence Martial Arts
Bridlewood Medical Centre
Bridlewood Dental
Circle K (formerly Mac's Milk)
Gabriel Pizza and Italian Restaurant
Population Hair Salon
The Works (Gourmet Burger Bistro)
Hurley's
Tiny Hoppers
Snap Fitness
Kanata South
Opening Spring/Summer 2020
Metro
Notable residents
Gordon O'Connor - Member of Parliament
References
External links
Bridlewood Community Association, accessed 12 November 2006
Neighbourhoods in Ottawa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridlewood%2C%20Ottawa |
Legendary Hearts is the twelfth solo studio album by American rock musician Lou Reed, released in March 1983 by RCA Records. Reed self-produced the album, and dedicated it to his then-wife, Sylvia, who was credited with the cover concept. Due to tensions with Reed, most of Robert Quine's guitar parts were mixed down or removed entirely.
Legendary Hearts peaked at No. 159 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart.
Recording
Robert Quine later said of his work with Reed, "The atmosphere was really uptight – it's impossible to be friends with him. When I got the final mix, I was really freaked out. He pretty much mixed me off the record. I was in Ohio and took it out in the driveway and smashed the tape into pieces... I have cassettes of the rough mix of the record and it was a really good record but he made it all muddy and murky."
Critical reception
Upon release, Legendary Hearts received favorable reviews from music critics. Writing for The Village Voice, music journalist Robert Christgau said that "if The Blue Mask was a tonic, the follow-up's a long drink of water, trading impact and intensity for the stated goal of this (final?) phase of Reed's music: continuity, making do, the long haul." NME critic Cynthia Rose wrote that Legendary Hearts was "possibly the purest, most fluid and spiritual musical unity you'll hear in rock and roll for some time to come – with Reed's cleansed, declamatory vocals well up front".
Robert Palmer of The New York Times praised Legendary Hearts as "a song cycle without any outstanding weak links... All the songs are personal, from the domestic still-life portrait 'Rooftop Garden' to 'Bottoming Out' and 'The Last Shot,' powerful confrontations between Lou Reed the loving husband and Lou Reed the self-destructive monster. The only villain on Legendary Hearts is Lou Reed, but because he has confronted his own defects as bravely as he once confronted the decadence around him, he is also the album's hero. The two Lou Reeds have finally become one." Palmer also praised the musicianship, writing that "the band's playing and arrangements make these fine songs even better... The album's more reflective moments are made deeper and richer by ensemble playing that manages to be gentle without ever losing its tensile strength."
Ira Robbins of Trouser Press wrote that the album "ranks with any Reed record all the way back to the Velvets in substance and stands out as his strongest work in style, using the group as a powerful lens that magnifies his themes and obsessions down to the finest detail."
Legendary Hearts placed seventh in The Village Voices annual Pazz & Jop critics' poll.
In a retrospective review for AllMusic, critic Mark Deming wrote of the album, "On Legendary Hearts, Reed was writing great songs, playing them with enthusiasm and imagination, and singing them with all his heart and soul, and if it wasn't his best album, it was more than good enough to confirm that the brilliance of The Blue Mask was no fluke, and that Reed had reestablished himself as one of the most important artists in American rock."
Track listing
Personnel
Credits are adapted from the Legendary Hearts liner notes.
Musicians
Lou Reed – vocals, guitar
Robert Quine – guitar
Fred Maher – drums
Fernando Saunders – bass guitar
Production and artwork
Lou Reed – producer
Corky Stasiak – engineer
Jim Crotty – associate engineer
Greg Calbi – mastering
Waring Abbott – photography; art direction
Sylvia Reed – cover concept
Chart performance
See also
List of albums released in 1983
Lou Reed discography
References
External links
1983 albums
Lou Reed albums
RCA Records albums
Albums produced by Lou Reed | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendary%20Hearts |
WMHK (89.7 FM) is a non-commercial Christian radio station in Columbia, South Carolina. It is owned and operated by the Educational Media Foundation. Its programming is Contemporary Christian music programmed from K-LOVE studios in Rocklin, California.
WMHK is one of South Carolina's most powerful stations. It provides at least grade B coverage to much of the South Carolina portions of the Charlotte and Augusta areas, and can be heard clearly as far east as Florence and as far west as Union.
History
Columbia International University signed WMHK on the air August 30, 1976 with a vision to share the Gospel through the airwaves. Until its sale to the Educational Media Foundation, it was unique in the sense that it was locally owned and operated, while most radio stations in Columbia are corporate owned. During its time as a locally owned station, WMHK enjoyed much higher ratings than most other CCM stations.
Jim Marshall, former general manager of WMHK, was responsible for the revitalization of the station, changing the format from the older-style Christian music and adding a contemporary feel to the broadcasts. Under his direction, WMHK became one of the most popular CCM stations in the country, and was the first South Carolina station to win a Marconi Award. The morning show and the afternoon drive program became more sophisticated, featuring local weather personalities like WOLO Meteorologist Reg Taylor and live local traffic reports from WIS' Traffic Command center, as well as news updates from its own award-winning news department with Bob Holmes and Dwight Moffitt. Since then, staffing changes saw the departure of long-time morning host Rusty Rabon, who left for the ministry, along with the eventually closing of the news department. Marshall left in 2005 to become general manager of WAY-FM in West Palm Beach, FL. For many years, its "Family Friendly Morning Show" with Steve Sunshine and Amy Byrd was among the top rated in the Columbia market among women ages 25–54.
Jerry Grimes, former Marketing Director at WIS, succeeded Marshall as General Manager in July 2005. Under his direction, there were a few staffing changes, including the promotion of Steve Sunshine to Program Director in August 2006 after long-time Program Director Tom Greene left the station to go to WMIT. Under Grimes, WMHK was also named "Station of the Year" by the Christian Music Broadcasters (CMB) in 2006 and 2007. After Jerry Grimes departed to join WAY-FM in Florida, John Owens replaced him, leading the station to another Station of the Year award in 2009.
In 2010, after Steve Sunshine left to start a new station in Austin, Texas (Spirit 105.9), Jeff Cruz was hired as the new Program Director.
During its time under CIU ownership, WMHK was a sister station to WRCM in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was largely programmed separately from WMHK, but WMHK did share WRCM's "It's A New Day" Morning Show with Eric & Heather, which was also syndicated to the WORD-FM radio network in Philadelphia. Joe Paulo, WRCM's former general manager, served as director of broadcasting for CIU and had oversight over both stations.
In September 2014, WMHK was again the winner of Station of the Year from the CMB, presented at the annual Christian radio conference in Orlando. Then one month later, on October 6, 2014, it was announced that WMHK and WRCM were being sold to EMF Broadcasting. The deal closed on December 19, 2014, a day later than expected because of last-minute legal issues. The founding general manager, David Morrison, who signed the station on the air in 1976 with a prayer, also signed the station off as a local broadcasting entity with a prayer at 7:07 p.m. At that point, WMHK flipped its programming to the national K-LOVE network.
Programming
As a member of the K-LOVE network, WMHK is a non-profit, listener-supporter radio station.
Formerly as a ministry of Columbia International University, WMHK programmed most of the day with music with Bible teaching programs weekday evenings and children's radio programs on Saturday mornings. Examples of Bible teaching programs during the late 1990s included Greg Laurie, Dr. Charles Stanley, Dr. Tony Evans, and Adrian Rogers. Other evening programs included Focus on the Family and Family Life Today. In addition, Bob Holmes and Dwight Moffit provided local news coverage during the morning and afternoon shows along with the weekly newsmagazine "Vantage Point". Over time, spoken programs were reduced, giving way to primarily music coverage. By 2010, only two non-music programs were aired in the evenings.
The station always had a core foundation as a ministry that was behind the great music, fun on-air personalities and contests. Its programming included a Contemporary Christian music rotation selected by the Program Director and a team of listeners known as the "Music Team". The final local on-air lineup included the "It's a New Day" Morning Show with Eric and Heather (based out of WRCM) with Joe "JP" Polek inserting local updates (6-10 a.m.), Mike Weston (10 a.m. - 1 p.m.), Jeff Cruz (1-3 p.m.), Michelle Renew (3-7 p.m.), and Terese Main (7 p.m. - Midnight).
See also
Columbia International University
WRCM
K-LOVE
References
External links
K-LOVE
Contemporary Christian radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1976
1976 establishments in South Carolina
K-Love radio stations
Educational Media Foundation radio stations
MHK | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMHK |
The Tularosa Basin is a graben basin in the Basin and Range Province and within the Chihuahuan Desert, east of the Rio Grande in southern New Mexico and West Texas, in the Southwestern United States.
Geography
The Tularosa Basin is located primarily in Otero County. It covers about (35% larger than Connecticut). It lies between the Sacramento Mountains to the east, and the San Andres and Oscura Mountains to the west. The basin stretches about north–south, and at its widest is about east-west. It is geologically considered part of the Rio Grande Rift zone, which widens there due to the slight clockwise rotation of the Colorado Plateau tectonic plate.
Notable features of the basin include White Sands National Park, Oliver Lee Memorial State Park, the Carrizozo Malpais lava flow, Holloman Air Force Base, and the White Sands Missile Range with the historic Trinity nuclear test Site. Tularosa Creek flows westward into the Tularosa Basin just north of the village of Tularosa. The distinct northwestern New Mexico Tularosa River is located in Catron County.
Hydrologically, the Tularosa Basin is an endorheic basin, as no water flows out of it. The basin is closed to the north by Chupadera Mesa and to the south by the broad flat 4000-foot-elevation plain between the Franklin and Hueco Mountains, with the conventional boundary taken to be the New Mexico–Texas border. Surface water that does not evaporate or soak into the ground eventually accumulates at playas (intermittently dry lake beds), the largest of which is Lake Lucero, at 3888 feet elevation, at the southwest end of the White Sands dunes. The White Sands are a 710-km2 (275-mi2) field of white sand dunes composed of gypsum crystals. To the north of Lake Lucero are extensive alkali flats, which produce additional gypsum for wind deposition on the dunes.
History
Upper Paleolithic
The White Sands fossil footprints in the Tularosa Basin are estimated by the National Park Service to be 21 000 to 23 000 years old and include footprints possibly showing humans stalking a giant sloth. The footprints are located at the shore of an ice age era lake. As of November 2021, 61 fossil footprints have been found at the site.
Apache, Spanish, and U.S. 'Old West'
When the Spanish arrived in the Tularosa Basin, they found springs and small streams coming from the Sacramento Mountains that fed a relatively lush grassland on the eastern side of the basin. While the Spanish tried some sheep ranching and some mining, the area remained firmly under Apache control until the 1850s, when the United States established its military presence at Fort Stanton (in the Sacramento Mountains) (1855–1896), Torreon Fort (near Lincoln) (1850s), and Camp Comfort (1858–1859) at White Sands. Under US military protection, the first permanent settlement was established in 1862, when about 50 Hispanic farmers from the Rio Grande Valley moved to Tularosa. Efforts to control the Apache waned somewhat during the American Civil War and serious American settlement did not begin until the late 1870s, when settlers and cattle ranchers from Texas began moving into the basin. In 1969, the Gemsbok was introduced.
Grasslands and grazing
The native grasslands in the Tularosa Basin were able to support large herds in theWhite wet years of the 1880s. When the Americans first started running cattle, in some places, the native perennial bunchgrasses grew 'as high as a horse’s shoulder' - depending on species. One cowboy estimated in 1889 that 85,000 head were mustered within the basin, but said that was “far too heavy a burden for the range” - or beyond its carrying capacity. Severe drought followed for years, and the grassland pastures never recovered from the overgrazing, which continued in many instances for 75 years or more and caused top-soil erosion and desertification. Even within the White Sands Missile Range, where cattle grazing was eliminated in 1945, the effects from the 1890 -1945 period of overgrazing can still be seen nearly everywhere. Many areas that were historically known to be rich perennial grasslands are now xeric desert shrublands, with creosote bush—(Larrea tridentata) predominating.
Groundwater salinization
Since surface water was unable to sustain the cattle herds, ranchers turned to groundwater, and the easily reachable aquifer of 'sweet water' was pumped out and depleted from under the basin, leaving only brackish water. Applying the groundwater to the surface resulted in additional salts being dissolved and transported back down by groundwater recharge into the aquifer, increasing its salinity. By 2000, it became clear that salts in the aquifer needed to be significantly reduced if existing levels of water use were to continue. Therefore, in 2004, the Tularosa Basin National Desalination Research Facility was established in the basin at Alamogordo, as a joint project of the Federal Bureau of Reclamation and Sandia National Laboratories. It is a national center for researching procedures to reduce brackish water creation and to develop new technologies for desalination as it is increasingly found in present-day inland basin aquifers with agricultural irrigation and potable water withdrawal demands.
Ecology
The Tularosa Basin is in the Chihuahuan Desert ecoregion, with the former Great Plains grassland habitat ecotones. Because of the closed nature of the basin, a number of unique ecological niches have developed. A significant number of endemic species are only found in the Tularosa Basin. These include the White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa) and the Oscura Mountains chipmunk.
Counties
While the Tularosa Basin lies primarily in New Mexican Otero County, it also extends into Doña Ana, Sierra, Lincoln, and Socorro Counties in New Mexico, and El Paso County in southwest Texas.
Cities, towns, and ghost towns
Alamogordo
Alvarado
Boles Acres
Carrizozo
Coane
Desert
Elwood
Estey City
Holloman AFB ZIP Code: 88330
Kearney
La Luz ZIP Code: 88337
Lovelace
Monista
Omlee
Orogrande ZIP Code: 88342
Oscura
Point of Sands
Polly
Salinas
Three Rivers ZIP Code: 88352
Tularosa ZIP Code: 88352
Turquoise
Valmont
White Sands
Notes
External links
Alamogordo Museum: "Tularosa Basin Historical Society" website
NPS: official White Sands National Park website
City of Alamogordo website
Town of Carrizozo website
U.S. Army: White Sands Missile Range website
Endorheic basins of the United States
Landforms of New Mexico
Natural history of New Mexico
Regions of New Mexico
Valleys of New Mexico
Landforms of Otero County, New Mexico
Landforms of Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Landforms of Lincoln County, New Mexico
Landforms of Sierra County, New Mexico
Landforms of Socorro County, New Mexico
Landforms of El Paso County, Texas
Basin and Range Province
Structural basins of the United States
Valleys of Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tularosa%20Basin |
is an indoor sporting arena in located in Ariake, Kōtō, Tokyo, Japan. It has a capacity of 10,000 and is one of the few professional tennis venues which has a retractable roof.
Events
The arena is used as the center court for the Japan Open and the Pan Pacific Open, held in Ariake Tennis Forest Park.
This venue will also host Road FC 24, instead of Ryogoku Kokugikan.
The venue also hosted the tennis events for the 2020 Summer Olympics.
In 1995, Fuji TV's hit cooking show Iron Chef held its 1995 World Cup there, with the court converted into an outdoor version of Kitchen Stadium. Iron Chef Japanese Rokusaburo Michiba won the four-person single elimination tournament to determine the best chef in the world, with the other participants being Pierre Gagnaire, Gianfranco Vissani and Xu Cheng.
This was also the homeground arena for Pro Wrestling NOAH from the year 2000 with the Destiny event. Since then, they had been doing shows actively until 2015.
See also
List of tennis stadiums by capacity
References
External links
1987 establishments in Japan
Sports venues in Tokyo
Indoor arenas in Japan
Tennis venues in Japan
Basketball venues in Japan
Volleyball venues in Japan
Boxing venues in Japan
Venues of the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis venues
Retractable-roof stadiums in Japan
Buildings and structures in Koto, Tokyo
Sports venues completed in 1987
Tokyo Apache | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariake%20Coliseum |
Voice of Canadians was a right-wing political advocacy group that existed in Canada during the 1990s. Based in Ontario, it opposed official multiculturalism and official bilingualism. Some of its leading members, including chairman Dick Field, later joined the Freedom Party of Ontario.
Libertarianism in Canada
Political advocacy groups in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice%20of%20Canadians |
In economics, the life-cycle hypothesis (LCH) is a model that strives to explain the consumption patterns of individuals.
Theory and evidence
Elderly dissaving is also influenced by the present factors that materially prevent them from the possibility of spending their previous savings. One of them is the loss of the driving license. An extended survey held in 1998, 2000, and 2002 among the U.S. retired citizens highlighted that "about 90% of the trips among people older than age 65 are in a private vehicle" and that driving cessation was highly correlated (46% to 63%, Tobit regression) to a reduction in spending on non basic needs such as trips, tickets, and dinings out.
It is also relevant to distinguish elderly poor people in two basic tipologies: people who are poor on income, or those who are poor in terms of both income and consumption. While the life cycle hypothesis predicts the income and the consumption patterns of the elderly population, a series of research papers published in the 2000s highlighted the role of other factors in making the elderly class of people among the income-poor alone, and not people who are both income and consumption-poor. It is the latter class of people the one who is the poorest among the older population. Those influencing factors are: the stock of assets and particularly the house property, the racial and scholarly background as well as the presence of family assistance network.
According to another extended survey collected among "disadvantaged groups such as rural, female, less educated individuals" in Burkina Faso, the spread of mobile and easy-to-transfer money doesn't show any correlation with the level of saving for predictable events occurring in the future (such as consumption patterns during the age of retirement), while it increases the propensity to save for personal health emergencies and, in the second instance, for unpredictable events.
References
Further reading
Consumer theory
Hypotheses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life-cycle%20hypothesis |
John Allen Denny (born November 8, 1952) is an American former professional baseball right-handed pitcher who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Philadelphia Phillies, and Cincinnati Reds, from to . Denny won the National League (NL) Cy Young Award, in .
Career
Denny was born in Prescott, Arizona, and attended Prescott High School. He excelled at sports there, playing football and basketball as well as baseball. In the 1970 amateur draft, he was selected by the Cardinals in the 29th round. He made his professional debut that year at the age of 17. Denny pitched for the Triple-A Tulsa Oilers in 1974 and went 9–8 with a 3.75 earned run average. He made his major league debut in September.
The next season, Denny started back in Tulsa but he pitched well and soon entered the St. Louis starting rotation. In 1976, Denny had a breakout season. He led the National League in ERA at 2.52 and was the best pitcher on the club. Due to poor run support, his record was just 11–9.
Denny also pitched well in 1978, going 14–11 with a 2.96 ERA, but he fell off badly in 1979 and was traded with Jerry Mumphrey from the Cardinals to the Indians for Bobby Bonds on December 7, 1979. He continued his inconsistent pitching with the Indians, going 24-23 for them in three seasons. He pitched three straight shutouts late in 1981 and was rewarded with a three-year, $2 million contract after the season. Nine months later, he was traded to the Phillies.
In 1983, Denny enjoyed the best season of his career, going 19–6 with a 2.37 ERA. He topped the NL in wins and winning percentage and was second in ERA. He also led the Phillies to the NL championship. In that year's Cy Young Award voting, he received 20 of 24 first-place votes to win going away.
Denny suffered arm problems late in his career. After 1983, he spent two more years in Philadelphia. After an 11–14 campaign, he was dealt along with Jeff Gray from the Phillies to the Reds for Tom Hume and Gary Redus on December 11, 1985. He went 11–10 in 1986 and then retired from baseball.
Denny was rehabilitation coach for the Arizona Diamondbacks organization from 2001 to 2004.
References
External links
1952 births
Living people
Major League Baseball pitchers
Cy Young Award winners
National League ERA champions
National League wins champions
St. Louis Cardinals players
Cleveland Indians players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Cincinnati Reds players
Gulf Coast Cardinals players
St. Petersburg Cardinals players
Arkansas Travelers players
Tulsa Oilers (baseball) players
Baseball players from Arizona
People from Prescott, Arizona | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Denny |
Autobiography of Red is a verse novel by Anne Carson, published in 1998 and based loosely on the myth of Geryon and the Tenth Labor of Herakles, especially on surviving fragments of the lyric poet Stesichorus' poem Geryoneis.
Summary
Autobiography of Red is the story of a boy named Geryon who, at least in a metaphorical sense, is the Greek monster Geryon. It is unclear how much of the mythological Geryon's connection to the story's Geryon is literal, and how much is metaphorical. Sexually abused by his older brother, his affectionate mother too weak-willed to protect him, the monstrous young boy finds solace in photography and in a romance with a young man named Herakles. Herakles leaves his young lover at the peak of Geryon's infatuation; when Geryon comes across Herakles several years later on a trip to Argentina, Herakles' new Peruvian lover Ancash forms the third point of a love triangle. The novel ends, ambiguously, with Geryon, Ancash, and Herakles stopping outside a bakery near a volcano.
The book also contains Carson's very loose translation of the Geryoneis fragments, using many anachronisms and taking many liberties, and some discussion of both Stesichorus and the Geryon myth, including a fictional interview with "Stesichoros", a veiled reference to Gertrude Stein.
Style
Critic Sam Anderson describes the book as follows:The book is subtitled "A Novel in Verse," but—as usual with Carson—neither "novel" nor "verse" quite seems to apply. It begins as if it were a critical study of the ancient Greek poet Stesichoros, with special emphasis on a few surviving fragments he wrote about a minor character from Greek mythology, Geryon, a winged red monster who lives on a red island herding red cattle. Geryon is most famous as a footnote in the life of Herakles, whose 10th labor was to sail to that island and steal those cattle—in the process of which, almost as an afterthought, he killed Geryon by shooting him in the head with an arrow.
Autobiography of Red purports to be Geryon's autobiography. Carson transposes Geryon's story, however, into the modern world, so that he is suddenly not just a monster but a moody, artsy, gay teenage boy navigating the difficulties of sex and love and identity. His chief tormentor is Herakles, a charismatic ne'er-do-well who ends up breaking Geryon's heart. The book is strange and sweet and funny, and the remoteness of the ancient myth crossed with the familiarity of the modern setting (hockey practice, buses, baby sitters) creates a particularly Carsonian effect: the paradox of distant closeness.
Reception
Autobiography of Red was warmly received by authors and critics, with highly positive reviews from Alice Munro, Michael Ondaatje, Susan Sontag, among others. The book also sold unusually well for literary poetry, with at least 25,000 copies sold by the year 2000, two years after its publication. It was described as "one of the crossover classics of contemporary poetry: poetry that can seduce even people who don't like poetry" and Carson herself as "that rarest of rare things, a bestselling poet."
The book was referenced, alongside Carson's previous work Eros the Bittersweet, in a 2004 episode of The L Word.
References
External links
New York Times Magazine on Anne Carson
1998 Canadian novels
1998 fantasy novels
Canadian fantasy novels
Verse novels
Novels with gay themes
Canadian romance novels
Alfred A. Knopf books
Classical mythology in popular culture
LGBT speculative fiction novels
Canadian LGBT novels
1990s LGBT novels
LGBT poetry
Bildungsromans
Novels set in Buenos Aires
Novels set in Peru
English-language novels
LGBT literature in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autobiography%20of%20Red |
is an indoor arena located in Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. The capacity of the arena is 17,000 and was opened in 1989. The arena was modeled after US sports venue Madison Square Garden in New York City. It is a five-minute walk from the closest station, Shin-Yokohama Station on the JR/Yokohama Municipal Subway.
As one of the largest concert venues in the Kantō region, it is a frequent location for artists to end their tours. The spacious stage allows for more complex set design and lighting, but the reasonable size makes it easier to sell out than the Tokyo Dome.
History
The Yokohama Arena was opened on April 1, 1989. At the exact day was held the opening celebration concert where performed renowned Japanese singer-songwriter Yumi Matsutoya, and the three upcoming days were additional dates of her concert tour. Many notable Japanese music acts performed at the arena, alphabetically: AKB48, Namie Amuro, Aqours, B'z, Babymetal, Buck-Tick, °C-ute, Gackt, Dir En Grey, The Gazette, Gen Hoshino, Glay, Ayumi Hamasaki, Hide, Hinatazaka46, Ikimono-gakari, L'Arc-en-Ciel, LiSA, Luna Sea, Misia, Nana Mizuki, NICO Touches the Walls, Momoiro Clover Z, Chisato Moritaka, Morning Musume, Mr. Children, Nogizaka46, One Ok Rock, Ai Otsuka, Yutaka Ozaki, Scandal, Silent Siren, Southern All Stars, Hikaru Utada, X Japan, as well humanoid projection Hatsune Miku. International artists also performed there, like Guns N' Roses, JKT48, Mariah Carey, Paula Abdul, Whitney Houston, Bobby Brown , Steve Winwood, Frank Sinatra, Super Junior, Girls' Generation, Shinee, Big Bang, Beast/Highlight Kara, 2NE1, BLACKPINK, TVXQ, F.T. Island, CNBlue, Junho (2PM), f(x) (band), BTS, iKon, Seventeen, Exo-CBX, Twice, Red Velvet, and ENHYPEN. The venue also held the annual Nano-Mugen Festival from 2005 until 2014, a rock festival organized by Asian Kung-Fu Generation.
Besides music events, the Yokohama Arena has hosted martial arts competitions, including numerous Pride Fighting Championships events, and the K-1 World Grand Prix Final in 2008.
2011 Tōhoku earthquake/tsunami relief
After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and resulting tsunami, Yokohama played host as an emergency shelter for those affected by the earthquake and tsunami. Citizens were allowed the stay the night, and were offered blankets and other amenities.
Hideharu Terada, a Yokohama Arena official stated "There has never been a big earthquake like this. [...] People are trickling in. They are all calm."
In popular culture
Yokohama Arena is one of the venues featured in the manga and anime series Hajime no Ippo.
See also
List of indoor arenas in Japan
References
External links
Web Site
Basketball venues in Japan
Boxing venues in Japan
Music venues completed in 1989
Mixed martial arts venues in Japan
Indoor arenas in Japan
Music venues in Japan
Sports venues completed in 1989
Sports venues in Yokohama
1989 establishments in Japan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yokohama%20Arena |
Nitt Witt Ridge is a house on two and a half acres in the coastal city of Cambria, California, United States. Artist and recluse Arthur "Art" Harold Beal (18961992) bought his hillside lot in 1928 and spent most of the next 50 years carving out the terraces with only a pick and shovel, creating his own "castle on a hill".
History
Arthur Harold Beal is known as Doctor Tinkerpaw or Captain Nitt Witt. Beal was a garbage collector for the town of Cambria in the 1940s and 1950s and made good use of what Cambrians were throwing away, as well as the natural materials on the property, in the nearby pine forests, and on the area's beaches. Some parts are also reportedly remnants from Hearst Castle where he supposedly worked for a time. Other common building materials are beer cans, abalone shells, and concrete. There are also washer drums, car rims, tile, car parts, and old stoves.
After Art died in 1992 at the age of 96, his ashes were spread around his favorite redwood tree on Nitt Witt Ridge. The house still is full of knick-knacks and architectural uniqueness, despite the deterioration and ransacking it suffered after Art's death.
In 1999 Michael and Stacey O'Malley became the owners of Nitt Witt Ridge.
Preservation
Nitt Witt Ridge is California Historical Landmark No. 939. It is considered a thematic landmark, in connection with the Twentieth Century Folk Art Environments. The plaque reads:
Nitt Witt Ridge, one of California's remarkable twentieth-century folk-art environments, is the creation of Arthur Harold Beal (Der Tinkerpaw, or Capt Nitt Witt), a Cambria Pines pioneer who sculpted the land using hand tools and indigenous materials, inventiveness and self-taught skills. A blend of native materials and contemporary elements, impressive in its sheer mass and meticulous placement, it is a revealing memorial to Art's cosmic humor and zest for life.
California Registered Historical Landmark No. 939.
Plaque placed by the State Department of Parks and Recreation in cooperation with Saving and Preserving Arts and Cultural Environments with the Art Beal Foundation, non-profit and educational corporation. June 26, 1986.
See also
Watts Towers. Sabato "Simon" Rodia constructed towers of wire, concrete and fragments of tile and china, in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles.
Baldassare Forestiere, another Italian immigrant in California born the same year as Rodia, who built the Forestiere Underground Gardens, in Fresno.
Hermit House, a unique residence located in Herzliya, Israel with intricate mosaics entirely constructed by one man over thirty years.
Mystery Castle, a house in Phoenix, Arizona built in the 1930s in a similar style.
Rubel Castle, a house in Glendora, California constructed in a similar style.
Ferdinand Cheval, a French postman who constructed an "ideal palace" out of rocks in his spare time.
Justo Gallego Martínez, a Spaniard who built his own cathedral.
Grandma Prisbrey's Bottle Village. A woman who built a whole village of discarded bottles in Simi Valley, California.
House on the Rock. Alex Jordan, Jr. constructed "Japanese House" atop a rock pinnacle in Spring Green, Wisconsin.
Coral Castle, a unique estate in Miami-Dade County, Florida made entirely of hand-carved stone by an eccentric immigrant.
References
Houses in San Luis Obispo County, California
Cambria, California
Visionary environments
California Historical Landmarks
Roadside attractions in California
Tourist attractions in San Luis Obispo County, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitt%20Witt%20Ridge |
Skate America is an international, senior-level figure skating competition held as part of the ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating series. It is hosted by U.S. Figure Skating. The location changes yearly. Medals are awarded in four disciplines: men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance.
The first Skate America (officially called Norton Skate) was held in 1979 in Lake Placid, New York, and was the test event for the 1980 Winter Olympic Games. It was incorporated into the Grand Prix Series in 1995, the year of the series' inception.
On September 27, 2001, the Heinz Frozen Foods Company, an affiliate of the H. J. Heinz Company, agreed to become an official sponsor of the U.S. Figure Skating. This gave them the right to rename the competition to Smart Ones Skate America, using their brand name of frozen foods.
Venues
Medalists
Men's singles
Women's singles
Pair skating
Ice dance
References
External links
ISU Grand Prix of Figure Skating
International figure skating competitions hosted by the United States
Recurring sporting events established in 1979
1979 establishments in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skate%20America |
Sir Robert Michael Marshall, (21 June 1930 – 6 September 2006), usually known as Michael Marshall, was a British businessman, politician, cricketer and author.
After a career in the steel industry, he was Conservative Member of Parliament for Arundel for 23 years, from the February 1974 general election until the constituency was abolished in 1997.
He was the first MP with an MBA from Harvard, and was a junior government minister in Margaret Thatcher's first government, from 1979 to 1981. He was heavily engaged with the Inter-Parliamentary Union, and had interests in theatre, cricket, golf, and wrote a number of books.
Early and private life
Marshall was born in Sheffield. His father was a printer, and his mother performed in music hall. He was educated at Bradfield College before began he a business career.
He joined United Steel in Sheffield in 1951, managed a branch in Calcutta from 1954 to 1958, obtained an MBA from Harvard University in 1960, and also studied at Stanford University, and then managed a branch in Bombay until 1964. He was commercial director at the company's steelworks in Workington from 1964, and then moved to become managing director of engineering group Head Wrightson Export in 1967. He joined Urwick Orr & Partners as a management consultant in 1969.
He married Caroline Oliphant in 1972, acquiring two stepdaughters.
Political career
He joined the Young Conservatives in 1950, but remained relatively inactive in politics until 1970, when he contested The Hartlepools, a safe Labour seat. He became MP for Arundel in the February 1974 general election, and retained his seat until his retirement from politics in 1997.
In Parliament, his knowledge of the steel industry made him an effective critic of Sir Don Ryder's plan to nationalise British Leyland. He was a member of the Select Committee on Nationalised Industries, and realised that British Steel Corporation needed major reconstruction. He was able to implement his ideas when he became Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Industry in 1979, under Sir Keith Joseph, where his portfolio that included aerospace, information technology, telecommunications, the Post Office, shipbuilding, space and steel. He was a strong supporter of Japanese investment in British industry. He oversaw the denationalisation of Cable & Wireless and the launch of Teletext.
Marshall returned to the back benches in 1981, when Margaret Thatcher carried out the first major reshuffle of her government. He took an interest in the fledgling British space industry, lobbying for British participation in Ariane. He was also a member of the Defence Select Committee, a role that was controversial as he was a paid adviser to British Aerospace. He was also involved in the parliamentary-industry discussion group, Pitcom, becoming its chairman in 1987.
He was closely involved with the Inter-Parliamentary Union, being a vice-chairman from 1985 to 1987, chairman from 1987 to 1990, presiding over its Centenary Conference in 1989, was its world president from 1991 to 1994, and was then appointed honorary life president. He was knighted and appointed a deputy lieutenant of West Sussex in 1990.
He retired at the 1997 general election, when the boundaries of his seat were changed. He continued his business interests in retirement. After converting to Roman Catholicism in later life, he became a non-executive director of The Catholic Herald in 2003.
Outside politics
Marshall was a keen cricketer, having played for Harvard and Nepal. He captained the Lords and Commons Cricket XI, was a member of the MCC, and was active in the Lord's Taverners. He also commentated on cricket in India for the BBC, and was a member of the All India Radio Test match panel during his 10 years working in India. He also played golf, and was a member of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews and a club near Worthing.
He was also an author. He published Top Hat and Tails in 1979, a biography of Jack Buchanan; The Timetable of Technology in 1982; Gentlemen and Players in 1987, an account of the annual Gentlemen versus Players cricket matches held between English first-class cricket amateurs and their professional colleagues from 1919 to 1962; Cricket at the Castle in 1995, about cricket at Arundel Castle Cricket Club; and More Sussex Seams in 1999. He also wrote five plays for television, and biographies for radio, and edited two volumes of monologues by Stanley Holloway, published in 1979 and 1980, as well as The Book of Comic and Dramatic Monologues, published in 1981.
He was interested in the theatre, and was a member of Equity and Bafta. He was a trustee of the Theatres Trust from 1987 to 1999, and became Chairman of the Chichester Festival Theatre Trust in 1997. He was a member of the Garrick Club and the Beefsteak Club. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.
He was diagnosed with cancer in 1998, but continued to be active. He died in Chichester and his funeral was held at Slindon Roman Catholic Church. At his subsequent memorial service at Arundel Cathedral, John Major gave an address.
References
Obituary, The Independent, 12 September 2006
Obituary, The Times, 18 September 2006
Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, 19 September 2006
Obituary, The Guardian, 23 November 2006
1930 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from cancer in England
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Deputy Lieutenants of West Sussex
English Roman Catholics
Harvard Business School alumni
Knights Bachelor
People educated at Bradfield College
Politicians from Sheffield
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Marshall%20%28politician%29 |
Brooke Maree McClymont (born 16 May 1981) is an Australian singer, songwriter and guitarist. With her two younger sisters, Samantha and Mollie, she is a founder of a country music trio, the McClymonts. She has written songs for Kate DeAraugo and Olivia Newton-John and been a support act for Troy Cassar-Daley and Ronan Keating. Her influences include Sheryl Crow, ABBA, Faith Hill and Alanis Morissette.
Biography
McClymont was discovered in 1992, at age eleven, when a family friend heard her sing in front of the mirror at her home and told Brooke's mother that she should put her into the Jacaranda Talent Quest in Grafton. Her mother entered her into the contest and she sang "All I Wanna Do Is Make Love to You" by Heart. In 1999, she sang "God Save the Queen" and "Advance Australia Fair" to open the day-night Australia vs. England cricket match.
Charles Fisher was one of the people McClymont worked with on her debut album and she stated that the two had a really good working relationship. "I Can't Wait" was chosen to be the first song released because McClymont felt it is a really positive song and definitely shows her personality. The song was released as a CD on 17 June 2002 and peaked in the top fifty at number forty-nine. Soon after, the song was again recorded by Hilary Duff for the Disney Channel original series Lizzie McGuire. "I Don't Think, I Know" was the second song released on 2 December 2002 and it also peaked in the top fifty at number forty-five. McClymont stated that she did not get to release her album as certain circumstances arose, it just never happened.
In 2006, McClymont and her two sisters (Samantha and Mollie) started a band named The McClymonts. By 2019 the band had amassed one platinum and two gold records, two ARIA Awards, one APRA Award and thirteen Country Music Awards of Australia ("Golden Guitars").
In 2016, McClymont appeared in her first movie, Australian romantic comedy Spin Out.
McClymont is married to singer-songwriter Adam Eckersley. They had a daughter in 2013 and a son in 2020.
The duo released the album Adam & Brooke in February 2018 which peaked at number 16 on the ARIA Charts.
In January 2022, McClymont appeared as a contestant on the eighth season of I’m A Celebrity…Get Me Out Of Here! Australia. She finished second, behind winner Dylan Lewis.
On 30 June 2023, McClymont and Eckersley released their second album Up, Down & Sideways.
Discography
Albums
Singles
Awards and nominations
ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards are a set of annual ceremonies presented by Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), which recognise excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of the music of Australia. They commenced in 1987.
!
|-
| 2018
| Adam & Brooke (with Adam Eckersley)
| Best Country Album
|
|
|-
| 2023
| Up, Down & Sideways (with Adam Eckersley)
| Best Country Album
|
|
|-
Country Music Awards of Australia
The Country Music Awards of Australia is an annual awards night held in January during the Tamworth Country Music Festival. Celebrating recording excellence in the Australian country music industry. They commenced in 1973.
!
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2019 ||rowspan="2"| || Song of the Year|| ||rowspan="4"|
|-
| Single of the Year ||
|-
| Adam & Brooke || Group or Duo of the Year ||
|-
| Adam & Brooke (with Adam Eckersley) || Contemporary Country Album of the Year ||
|-
|rowspan="4"| 2023 || "Memory Lane" (with Adam Eckersley) || Single of the Year || ||rowspan="4"|
|-
| "Star of the Show" (with Adam Eckersley) (Directed by Brad Murnane) || Video of the Year ||
|-
| "Star of the Show" (with Adam Eckersley) || Song of the Year ||
|-
| Brooke McClymont & Adam Eckersley || Group or Duo of the Year ||
References
1981 births
Australian women singer-songwriters
Australian singer-songwriters
Living people
People from Grafton, New South Wales
21st-century Australian singers
21st-century Australian women singers
Singers from New South Wales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooke%20McClymont |
Impact Arena, Exhibition and Convention Center, Muang Thong Thani () is a commercial complex consisting of an arena, convention centre and exhibition halls, located in Muang Thong Thani in Pak Kret District of Nonthaburi Province, a northern suburb of Bangkok, Thailand.
It has been considered as the second largest exhibition and convention venue in Asia with an indoor floor space of over 140,000 sqm. Its Challenger Hall is currently the world's largest column-free exhibition hall. The venue hosts over 490 events and welcomes over 15 million visitors each year.
History
Impact, Muang Thong Thani originated as the Muang Thong Thani Sports Complex, built for the 1998 Asian Games by real estate developer Bangkok Land. Bangkok Land is the developer of Muang Thong Thani, a real estate development envisioned in 1989 as a satellite city of Bangkok. It grew rapidly among Thailand's economic boom of the early 1990s, but became ruined financially when the bubble burst in the lead-up to the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
Bangkok Land had been selected as a venue for the games before the crisis, and there were concerns whether it would be able to finish the construction on time. It was completed less than a month before the games began in December 1998. The Muang Thong Thani Sports Complex hosted boxing, weightlifting, billiards & snooker, gymnastics, volleyball, tennis and rugby competitions.
Following the conclusion of the games, Bangkok Land redeveloped part of the sports complex as a convention and exhibition center, renaming it the Impact Exhibition Center in 1999. At the time, the entire venue comprised what is now Impact Arena and the first four halls of Impact Exhibition Center. The weightlifting and rugby venues, now Thunder Dome and Thunderdome Stadium, had their ownership contractually transferred to the Sports Authority of Thailand.
The Impact Convention Center was built in 2000, while the expansion of IMPACT Exhibition Center was completed in 2003. The column-free Impact Challenger exhibition halls were completed in early 2006. Spanning 60,000 sqm, the Impact Challenger Halls are presently the world's biggest column-free exhibition halls.
The Miss Universe 2005 and Miss Universe 2018 beauty pageants were held at the Impact Arena. It was originally scheduled to host the Miss Earth 2011 but was relocated back to the Philippines because of the 2011 Thailand floods.
The Impact Arena hosted five ONE Championship mixed martial arts events from 2016 to 2018. It also hosted 2018 Thomas & Uber Cup badminton tournament, which is also the first time Thailand hosted a major badminton event since 1976 Thomas Cup.
Facilities
Entertainment events
IMPACT the busiest entertainment venue in Thailand for many regional and international artists over the years when they perform in Thailand, spanning a wide range of musical genres.
See also
List of tennis stadiums by capacity
References
External links
Novotel Bangkok Impact
Ibis Bangkok Impact
Impace Sports Club
Beehive Lifestyle Mall
Cosmo Office Park
Thunder Dome
Buildings and structures in Nonthaburi province
Convention centers in Thailand
Music venues in Thailand
Indoor arenas in Thailand
Tennis venues in Thailand
Sports venues in Thailand
Bangkok Land
Event venues established in 1998
1998 establishments in Thailand | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact%2C%20Muang%20Thong%20Thani |
The Bells is the ninth solo studio album by American rock musician Lou Reed, released in May 1979 by Arista Records. It was recorded in binaural sound at Delta Studios in Wilster, West Germany. Production was handled by Reed with Michael Fonfara serving as executive producer. Three out of nine songs on the album are the product of a short-lived writing partnership between Reed and Nils Lofgren. More of the team's work appeared on Nils' solo studio album Nils, released the same year. Lofgren released his version of "Stupid Man" as "Driftin' Man" on Break Away Angel (2001). Lofgren resurrected five songs he wrote with Reed in the late 70s on Blue with Lou (2019).
A jazz-rock and art rock album, The Bells features contributions from Michael Fonfara, Ellard "Moose" Boles, Don Cherry, Marty Fogel and Michael Suchorsky. The album peaked at No. 13 in New Zealand, No. 44 in Sweden, No. 58 in Australia, and No. 130 in the United States, and received mixed reviews from music critics.
Recording
Following a short European tour, Reed recorded The Bells in binaural sound at Delta Studios, a studio in Wilster, West Germany owned by Manfred Schunke, with trumpeter Don Cherry and the Everyman Band. The pastoral studio was based in a converted farmhouse with housing for the musicians, a communal dining hall and, according to saxophonist Marty Fogel of the Everyman Band, "a place to hang out and drink Johnnie Walker Black. And then there was the recording facility, which was really high-tech, but it was in the middle of farm country." Reed said: "I mastered the art of recording known as 'capture the spontaneous moment and leave it at that'. The Bells was done like that, those lyrics were just made up on the spot and they're absolutely incredible. I'm very adept at making up whole stories with rhymes, schemes, jokes".
In a 1996 interview with Ian Penman of The Guardian, Reed noted that the binaural sound experiment was unsuccessful for him, adding that "the process worked but it didn't translate to vinyl AT ALL. Not only didn't I get the effect – which I still think is one of the most amazing things I've ever heard in my life when it's done right – not only didn't it translate but it also didn't record things so they sounded very good either, which was disappointing."
Composition
The Bells has been described as a jazz-rock fusion album. According to Jazz Times writer Aiden Levy, it is an eclectic jazz rock and art rock album which "[blends] jazz, disco and a deeply personal songwriting ethos, with no eye toward a potential market." The album is also characterised by its reliance on keyboards. Reed joked: "If you can't play rock and you can't play jazz, you put the two together and you've really got something." Biographer Anthony DeCurtis wrote that "[t]he album's jazz components, and its descent into atmospheric noises and effects, especially on the title track, are part of its intense experimental impulses." He added that the album moves between more commercial material and music that "[pushes] well beyond the boundaries of mainstream acceptability."
"Stupid Man" is characterised by piano. "Disco Mystic" has been described as a "funk workout" typical of the time and "an exercise in churning R&B". Containing saxophone from Marty Fogel, it is effectively an instrumental, with the title "chanted in a deep, mock-impressive voice". "I Want to Boogie with You" is a straight funk song on which Reed portrays "a soulful seducer". "With You" contains "improvised interpolations" from Fogel and Cherry." According to Fogel: "I did a little horn arrangement for myself and Don, and maybe there would be two beats at the end of the measure, and when we were rehearsing the tune, Don was playing this free stuff in those two beats. I looked at him and I go, 'What are you doing?' And he said, 'Whenever you get an opportunity to take it out, you've got to take it out.' So that's what we did." "City Lights" is a tribute to Charlie Chaplin, sung in a "bass-goon voice" One critic describes Reed's singing as "a muted croak, so deep that it's hardly recognisable. Ghoulish and...funny."
On "All Through the Night", Reed evokes a "desperate carouser"; the song also contains "self-consciously sleazy conversation going on in the background", similarly to Reed's earlier song "Kicks" (1975). "Families" has been dubbed "a meditation on the dysfunctional American nuclear family". On the closing title track, notionally inspired by Edgar Allan Poe's poem of the same name, Reed uses a guitar synthesizer while Don Cherry provides free jazz trumpet work. Containing an "atmospheric, droning quality", the track has been described as "an atmospheric nine-minute free-jazz collective improvisation", and a "slow, dark whirlpool". Some of its lyrics were improvised by Reed in the studio; the musician also asked Cherry to interpolate a portion of Ornette Coleman's "Lonely Woman" (1959) in the song's intro. According to critic Mark Deming, the track is "both a brave exploration of musical space and a lyrically touching sketch of loss and salvation."
Release
The Bells was Reed's fourth album in his five-album deal with Arista. However, according to DeCurtis, the album contained no single material, "and whatever hopes Reed and [label head] Clive Davis had once entertained about Reed's reaching a wider audience had been buried." According to Reed, Davis sent him a letter explaining that he believed the album was unfinished and needed further work, a suggestion which the musician dismissed, but in doing so, he believed the label underpromoted the record. He said: "It was released and dropped into a dark well." In a 1996 interview with Penman, Reed said that the album's master tapes no longer existed, requiring him to buy a copy from "one of those speciality record stores" and "put it through a computer program" for preservation/remastering.
Critical reception
Contemporary reviews
According to Aiden: "Though not everyone understood or appreciated Reed's foray deeper into jazz- and art-rock, Lester Bangs, despite their fraught history, concluded that his career had finally reached an apotheosis." In his contemporary review for Rolling Stone, Bangs wrote, "With The Bells, more than in Street Hassle, perhaps even more than in his work with The Velvet Underground, Lou Reed achieves his oft-stated ambition—to become a great writer, in the literary sense". He also praised Reed's band, saying they provide "the only true jazz-rock fusion anybody's come up with since Miles Davis' On the Corner period." The Village Voice critic Robert Christgau said that Reed "is as sarcastic as ever", but added that "the music's jazzy edge and warmly traditional rock and roll base" afford Reed a more "well-rounded" character than on Street Hassle, adding: "The jokes seem generous, the bitterness empathetic, the pain outfront, the tenderness more than a fleeting mood. And the cuts that don't work-there are at least three or four-seem like thoughtful experiments, or simple failures, rather than throwaways. I haven't found him so likable since The Velvet Underground."
Jon Savage of Melody Maker praised the production and musicianship, though felt Reed's "personal inspiration is drying up" in both the lyrics and music. He described The Bells as "a more consistent work throughout, yet at present lacks anything so memorable or cutting as Street Hassle." In his review for New Musical Express, Charles Shaar Murray believed that the album is instantly notable for Reed having eschewed his typical singing voice for "a more demonstrative, expressive and black-influenced style." However, he believed this resembled "someone attempting an impression of David Bowie and failing." He praised "Disco Mystic" and "Families" but believed the overall instrumental sound to be "heavy, turgid, synth-laden, indigestible, lumpy" and the vocal sound "quavery, unstable, unsteady, insubstantial". Don Snowden of The Los Angeles Times dismissed The Bells as "a dismal, turgid effort." He wrote: "He's broken with past tradition by collaborating with rocker Nils Lofgren, free-jazz trumpeter Don Cherry and various band members on the material, but the experiment doesn't work. The music is positively lethargic and uninspired and the lyrics – while retaining the unflinching emotional honesty of Reed's best work – merely revisit old turf without providing new insights."
Retrospective assessment
Reviewing the 1992 reissue, Dave Morrison of Select commented that Reed was "not at his best" in the mid-late 1970s, adding that "The Bells saw his music disappearing down the pan. Even self-parody is barely achieved in these half-assed songs played by a bunch of dullards, with Lou sounding painfully uninspired." The Rough Guide to Rock contributor Roy Edroso ted that Reed's feud with Arista was reflected in The Bells, an album he deemed to comprise "mostly grooves and riffs built around slabs of inchoate feeling (sometimes effectively, as with the ruined reunion of 'Families'). At decade's end, Reed appeared to be in a mood as bad as his Metal Machine Music era."
In a positive assessment, The Chicago Tribune reviewer Greg Kot described the album as "[a] jazzier, warmer detour" for Reed. AllMusic's Mark Deming wrote that The Bells musically represented a slight step back for Reed from the tormented Street Hassle to "the more listener-friendly, keyboard-dominated sound of Rock and Roll Heart", but considered the lyrics to move the singer "away from the boho decadence of most of his 1970s work and toward a more compassionate perspective on his characters". Considering the album to have aged well, he concluded that it "gains depth with each playing and now sounds like one of Reed's finest solo efforts of the 1970s."
In his book The Great Rock Discography, Martin C. Strong said that, following the "tedious" Live: Take No Prisoners (1978), Reed "started to show uncharacteristic signs of maturity in both his music and lyrics" with The Bells and its follow-up Growing Up in Public (1980). Critic Tom Hull considered The Bells to potentially be Reed's "most ambitious work", adding: "Returning to Coney Island Babys confessional mode and incorporating a subtle jazz influence, Reed makes one of his strongest musical statements. Reed's razor-edge frankness is riveting throughout." In The Rolling Stone Album Guide, Hull deemed the record to be "another twist" in Reed's career: "cut with jazz trumpeter Don Cherry, it offered exceptionally dense but not really jazzy music." Fellow Rolling Stone contributor Will Hermes deemed The Bells to be among Reed's less memorable albums but highlighted the title track as a "nine-minute spiritual-jazz elegy for a man standing on a ledge, which at the time Reed surely was."
Reed's opinion
Reed showed a fondness for the album in later times; in a 1996 Mojo interview, when asked by Barney Hoskyns what his most underrated album, Reed replied: "The Bells. I really like that album. I think it sold two copies, and probably both to me." Similarly, in a 2004 Uncut interview, when asked by Jon Wilde which of his albums "are ripe for critical rehabilitation", Reed singled out The Bells for being "one of my favourites. I think that's a great-sounding album. The older I get, the more meaningful it becomes to me. Whether, as you say, it's ripe for reappraisal, is another matter. No one liked it when it came out and nobody seems to have changed their mind about it since. I love it, though."
Track listing
Personnel
Credits are adapted from The Bells liner notes.
Musicians
Lou Reed – lead and backing vocals, electric guitar, guitar synthesizer, bass synthesizer (track 8), horn arrangement (tracks: 1-3, 5-9), producer
Ellard "Moose" Boles – 12-string electric guitar (track 8), bass guitar, bass synthesizer, backing vocals
Michael Fonfara – piano, Fender Rhodes, synthesizer, backing vocals, executive producer
Don Cherry – African hunting guitar, trumpet, horn arrangement (track 4)
Marty Fogel – ocarina, soprano and tenor saxophone, Fender Rhodes (track 9), horn arrangement
Michael Suchorsky – percussion
Production and artwork
René Tinner – engineer
Manfred Schunke – mixing
Ted Jensen – mastering
Donn Davenport – art direction, design
Howard Fritzson – art direction, design
Garry Gross – photography
Charts
References
External links
1979 albums
Lou Reed albums
Binaural recordings
Arista Records albums
Albums produced by Lou Reed
Jazz-rock albums
Jazz fusion albums by American artists
Art rock albums by American artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bells%20%28Lou%20Reed%20album%29 |
The permanent income hypothesis (PIH) is a model in the field of economics to explain the formation of consumption patterns. It suggests consumption patterns are formed from future expectations and consumption smoothing. The theory was developed by Milton Friedman and published in his A Theory of Consumption Function, published in 1957 and subsequently formalized by Robert Hall in a rational expectations model. Originally applied to consumption and income, the process of future expectations is thought to influence other phenomena. In its simplest form, the hypothesis states changes in permanent income (human capital, property, assets), rather than changes in temporary income (unexpected income), are what drive changes in consumption.
The formation of consumption patterns opposite to predictions was an outstanding problem faced by the Keynesian orthodoxy. Friedman's predictions of consumption smoothing, where people spread out transitory changes in income over time, departed from the traditional Keynesian emphasis on a higher marginal propensity to consume out of current income.
Income consists of a permanent (anticipated and planned) component and a transitory (unexpected and surprising) component. In the permanent income hypothesis model, the key determinant of consumption is an individual's lifetime income, not their current income. Unlike permanent income, transitory incomes are volatile.
Background and history
Until A Theory of Consumption Function, the Keynesian absolute income hypothesis and interpretation of the consumption function were the most advanced and sophisticated. In its post-war synthesis, the Keynesian perspective was responsible for pioneering many innovations in recession management, economic history, and macroeconomics. Like the neoclassical school that preceded it, early inconsistencies had their roots in socio-political events contrary to the predictions put forward.
The introduction of the absolute income hypothesis is often attributed to John Maynard Keynes, a British economist, who wrote several books which are now the basis for Keynesian economics. The hypothesis put forward by Keynes was accepted and placed into the post–war synthesis. However, inconsistencies were not resolved swiftly, and economists were unable to explain the consistency of the savings rate in the face of rising real incomes (Fig. 1).
Before the neoclassical synthesis was established, Keynes and his hypothesis challenged the orthodoxy of neoclassical economics. As a result of the Great Depression, Keynes rapidly became among the leaders of economic thought. His MPC and MPS spending multipliers developed into the absolute income hypothesis (), and were influential to the government responses to the ensuing depression.
Origins
The American economist Milton Friedman developed the permanent income hypothesis in his 1957 book A Theory of the Consumption Function. In his book, Friedman posits a theory that explained how and why future expectations change consumption.
Friedman's 1957 book A Theory of the Consumption Function created the basis for consumption smoothing. He argued the consumption model, in which outcomes are stochastic, where consumers face risks and uncertainty to their labor incomes, complicates interpretations of indifference curves, and causes consumers to spread out or 'smooth' their spending based on their permanent income, which represents their anticipated income over their lifetimes. Friedman explains this by how, for example, consumers would consistently save more when they expect their long-term income to increase. A further elaboration is provided below:
Theoretical considerations
In his theory, John Maynard Keynes supported economic policy makers by his argument emphasizing their capability of macroeconomic fine tuning. For Keynes, consumption expenditures are linked to disposable income by a parameter called the marginal propensity to consume (the amount per dollar consumers are willing to spend; ). Since the marginal propensity to consume itself is a function of income, it is also true that additional increases in disposable income lead to diminishing increases in consumption expenditures. It must be stressed that the relation characterized by substantial stability links current consumption expenditures to current disposable income—and, on these grounds, a considerable leeway is provided for aggregate demand stimulation, since a change in income immediately results in a multiplied shift in aggregate demand (this is the essence of the Keynesian case of the multiplier effect). The same is true of tax cut policies. According to the basic theory of Keynes, governments are always capable of countercyclical fine tuning of macroeconomic systems through demand management, although Friedman disputes this, arguing in a 1961 journal article that Keynesian macroeconomic fine tuning will succumb to 'long and variable lags.'
The permanent income hypothesis questions this ability of governments. However, it is also true that permanent income theory is concentrated mainly on long run dynamics and relations, while Keynes focused primarily on short run considerations. Friedman's argument, which challenged the use of fiscal policy in smoothing out business cycles, was challenged by stressing the relation between consumption and disposable income still follows (more or less) the mechanism supposed by Keynes.
Friedman starts elaborating his theory under the assumption of complete certainty. Under such circumstances, for Friedman, two motives exist for a consumer unit to spend more or less on consumption than its income: The first is to smooth its consumption expenditures through appropriate timing of borrowing and lending; and the second is either to realize interest earnings on deposits if the relevant rate of interest is positive, or to benefit from borrowing if the interest rate is negative.
According to the PIH, the distribution of consumption across consecutive periods is the result of an optimizing method by which each consumer tries to maximize his utility. At the same time, whatever ratio of income one devotes to consumption in each period, all these consumption expenditures are allocated in the course of an optimization process—that is, consumer units try to optimize not only across periods but within each period.
Calculation of income and consumption
Friedman's 1957 book also made an argument for an entirely new way of calculating income (income is represented by the variable ) by differentiating between transitory and permanent income (which was also taken to include ordinal elements like human capital and talents). In A Theory of Consumption Function, Friedman develops: as a formula. In an earlier study, Friedman, Kuznets (1945), he proposes the idea of transitory and permanent income.
Friedman also developed a consumption formula, , with meaning the permanent component of consumption, with being the transitory component. Friedman also drew a distinction between and . Transitory consumption can be interpreted as surprising or unexpected bills, such as a high water bill, or unexpected doctor's visit, which, in Friedman's mind, cannot be spurred by , because unexpected or 'surprise' consumption is not often financed through windfall gains.
Simple model
Consider a (potentially infinitely lived) consumer who maximizes his expected lifetime utility from the consumption of a stream of goods between periods and , as determined by one period utility function . In each period , he receives an income , which he can either spend on a consumption good or save in the form of an asset that pays a constant real interest rate in the next period.
The utility of consumption in future periods is discounted at the rate .
Finally, let denote the expected value conditional on the information available in period .
Formally, the consumer's problem is then
subject to
Assuming the utility function is quadratic, and that , the optimal consumption choice of the consumer is governed by the Euler equation
Given a finite time horizon of length , we set with the understanding the consumer spends all his wealth by the end of the last period. Solving the consumer's budget constraint forward to the last period, we determine the consumption function is given by
Over an infinite time horizon, we instead impose a no Ponzi game condition, which prevents the consumer from continuously borrowing and rolling over their debt to future periods, by requiring
The resulting consumption function is then
Both expressions () and () capture the essence of the permanent income hypothesis: current consumption is determined by a combination of current non human wealth and human capital wealth .
The fraction of total wealth consumed today further depends on the interest rate and the length of the time horizon over which the consumer is optimizing.
Liquidity constraints
Some have attempted to improve Friedman's original hypothesis by including liquidity constraints, most notably Christopher D. Carroll.
Empirical evidence
Observations, recorded from 1888 to 1941, of stagnant average propensity to consume in the face of rising real incomes provide strong evidence for the existence of the permanent income hypothesis. An early test of the permanent income hypothesis was reported by Robert Hall in 1978, and, assuming rational expectations, finds consumption follows a martingale sequence. Hall & Mishkin (1982) analyze data from 2,000 households and find consumption responds much more strongly to permanent than to transitory movements of income, and reinforce the compatibility of the PIH with 80% of households in the sample. Bernanke (1984) finds 'no evidence against the permanent income hypothesis' when looking at data on automobile consumption.
In contrast, Flavin (1981) finds consumption is very sensitive to transitory income shocks ('excess sensitivity'), while Mankiw & Shapiro (1985) dispute these findings, arguing that Flavin's test specification (which assumes income is stationary) is biased towards finding excess sensitivity.
Souleles (1999) uses income tax refunds to test the PIH. Since a refund depends on income in the previous year, it is predictable income and should thus not alter consumption in the year of its receipt. The evidence finds that consumption is sensitive to the income refund, with a marginal propensity to consume between 35 and 60%. Stephens (2003) finds the consumption patterns of social security recipients in the United States is not well explained by the permanent income hypothesis.
Stafford (1974) argues that Friedman's explanation cannot account for market failures such as liquidity constraints. Carroll (1997) and Carroll (2001) dispute this, and adjust the model for limits on borrowing. A comprehensive analysis of 3000 tests of the hypothesis provides another explanation. It argues that rejections of the hypothesis are based on publication bias and that after correction, it is consistent with data.
Policy implications
According to Costas Meghir, unresolved inconsistencies explain the failure of transitory Keynesian demand management techniques to achieve its policy targets. In a simple Keynesian framework the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) is assumed constant, and so temporary tax cuts can have a large stimulating effect on demand. Shapiro & Slemrod (2003) find that consumers spread tax rebates over their temporal horizon.
Reception
Criticism
Some critics of the permanent income hypothesis, such as Frank Stafford, have criticized the permanent income hypothesis for its lack of liquidity constraints. However, some studies have adapted the hypothesis for certain circumstances and found that the permanent income hypothesis is compatible with liquidity constraints and other market failures unaccounted for in the original hypothesis.
Alvarez-Cuadrado & Van Long (2011) argue that more affluent consumers save more of their permanent incomes, against what would be expected given the permanent income hypothesis.
Praise
Friedman received the 1976 Sveriges Riksbank prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 'For his achievements in the field of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy.' The 'consumption analysis' has been interpreted by Worek (2010) as representing Friedman's contributions in the form of the permanent income hypothesis, while the monetary history and stabilization section has been interpreted to refer to his work on monetary policy and history, and monetarism, which seeks to stabilize a currency, preventing erratic swings, respectively.
The Permanent Income Hypothesis has been met with praise from Austrian economists, such as Robert Mulligan.
See also
Consumption smoothing
Income#Economic definitions
Milton Friedman
Ricardian equivalence
Risk compensation
Milton Friedman bibliography
Notes
References
Milton Friedman
Consumer theory
Household income
Hypotheses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent%20income%20hypothesis |
Cine5 was the first subscription-based television channel in Turkey. It aired in an encrypted format and primarily broadcast feature-length movies when it was founded on September 20, 1993. Subscribers were required to buy a decoder to watch the channel. The number of subscribers reached over half a million. However, in recent years, it enlarged its program spectrum due to competition from other movie-based channels and removed encryption and the subscription policy on January 16, 2006. On February 15, 2011, the channel was put up for sale and bought by Al Jazeera to launch Al Jazeera Türk.
Programmes
32. Gün-Mehmet Ali Birand
Çarkıfelek-Yıldo
Turkish Super League-Erman Toroğlu
Arena-Uğur Dündar
References
External links
Cine5 Live
Cine5 at LyngSat Address
Defunct television channels in Turkey
Television channels and stations established in 1993
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2015
Beşiktaş | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine5 |
In broadcasting, channel playout is the generation of the source signal of a radio or television channel produced by a broadcaster, coupled with the transmission of this signal for primary distribution or direct-to-audience distribution via any network. Such radio or television distribution networks include terrestrial broadcasting (analogue or digital radio), cable networks, satellites (either for primary distribution intended for cable television headends or for direct reception, DTH / DBS), IPTV, OTT Video, point-to-point transport over managed networks or the public Internet, etc.
The television channel playout happens in master control room (MCR) in a playout area, which can be either situated in the central apparatus room or in purposely built playout centres, which can be owned by a broadcaster or run by an independent specialist company that has been contracted to handle the playout for a number of channels from different broadcasters.
Some of the larger playout centres in Europe, Southeast Asia and the United States handle well in excess of 50 radio and television "feeds". Feeds will often consist of several different versions of a core service, often different language versions or with separately scheduled content, such as local opt outs for news or promotions.
Playout systems
Centralcasting is multi-channel playout that generally uses broadcast automation systems with broadcast programming applications. These systems generally work in a similar way, controlling video servers, video tape recorder (VTR) devices, Flexicarts, audio mixing consoles, vision mixers and video routers, and other devices using a serial communications 9-Pin Protocol (RS-232 or RS-422). This provides deterministic control, enabling frame accurate playback, Instant replay or video switching. Many systems consist of a front end operator interface on a separate platform to the controllers – e.g. a Windows GUI will present a friendly easy to use method of editing a playlist, but actual control would be done on a platform with a real-time operating system such that any large-scale playlist amendments do not cause delays to device control.
Most broadcast automation systems will have a series of common device drivers built in, for example Sony VTR control (aka Sony Serial), Louth Video Disk Control Protocol (VDCP, a proprietary communications protocol), General Purpose Interface (GPI), or Grass Valley Group M21 Master Control. This ensures that a broadcast automation system bought "off the shelf" will at least be able to ingest and playout content, although may not be able to take advantage of more efficient methods of control. Most server, and especially most digital on-screen graphic and character generator (CG) manufacturers will have a specific device driver for their device, with increasing degrees of complexity, and different automation companies will include these drivers to enhance their product or to fit a customers need.
This is the "traditional" method of playout automation, where there are multiple devices. Some modern automation systems use a unified playout method, where the broadcast server fulfills the functions of multiple devices as a self-contained system, like the PlayBox Technology channel-in-a-box.
Playout devices
Playout will usually involve an airchain of devices which begin with content, typically stored on video servers, and ultimately an output, either as an (Asynchronous serial interface) (ASI) / IP or (Serial Digital Interface) (SDI) for on pass to a distribution company.
The devices in the chain depend on the service required under the contract with the Channel. Typically a standard television channel would require a Master Control, Video switcher, and/or a Video router to allow switching of live sources. This video switcher may include other functions such as keying (graphics) (also known as Down Stream Keyers), Audio Overs for mixing in voice overs (VO) or announcements, and facilitate transitions between events, such as a fade through black or crossfade (also known as mix).
Other devices include:
Graphics inserters – At least one Graphics inserter, or one with several layers. This allows for Station identification/Logo/Digital on-screen graphic (Dog or Bug) insertion, and can also be used for end credits sequences, coming next graphics or programme information straps
Subtitling inserters – This can be either closed or open – i.e. in vision as a graphic for all to see, or closed either as an MPEG stream item, Closed Captioning or World System Teletext.
Audio servers – An audio playout system would provide scheduled voiceovers
Aspect Ratio Converters – These alter the picture shape or send an embedded signal to allow the material format to be displayed correctly on a particular feed (e.g. Widescreen on a standard non-widescreen Analogue terrestrial feed)
Some of these more advanced devices require information from the playlist, and so do not tend to use an RS422/232 driver, but a complex XML based system which allows for more complex metadata to be passed, e.g. a "Now" or "Next" Graphic can be created from a template using text information from the playlist.
Channel-in-a-box concept
With the "softwarization" of the various functions required to generate the channel signal in a playout system, the possibility to gather all of them into a single piece of equipment became possible. Such all-in-one video playout servers are known as channel-in-a-box systems.
Playout Centers
Playout is one of the basic infrastructure of a playout center. Mostly called as channel in a box server, but basically composed of playout servers with integrated graphics and IP or ASI output. Aim of playout centers is mostly to serve customers a simple file based television facility. Up-link and TV Channel in a box servers simply provide the facility.
Scheduling
The playout system execute a scheduled and time-accurate playlist of content to generate a linear radio or television signal (or "feed"). Within that playlist, there is the content that goes "on-air": live or recorded shows/programs, ad breaks, auto-promo clips, etc.
Workflow
A common workflow is for the broadcast automation system to have a recording schedule to ingest material from a satellite or line feed source and then time-shift that material based on a playlist or schedule.
The playout schedule will have been created in the customer's broadcast programming scheduling system and exported into a format suitable to be used in the Playout system. There is a move to SMPTE-22, known as Broadcast Exchange Format (BXF) to try to standardise the messaging involved in this interaction.
The resulting playlist is "loaded" into the appropriate channel of the broadcast automation system in advance of the transmission time. Various processes will take place to ensure the content is available on the correct servers for playout at the right time, typically this involves advance requests to move material from deep storage such as Tape Archives or FTP Clusters to Broadcast Video servers, often using FTP.
On playing out the material, the audio and video signals are usually transported from the playout area to the network via a studio/transmitter link (STL), which may be fibre backlink, microwave or satellite uplink.
Playout is often referred to as Presentation or Transmission (TX), and is under control of an automatic transmission system.
See also
Broadcast
References
Broadcast engineering
Television terminology
it:Emissione | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playout |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Kenya face significant challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Sodomy is a felony per Section 162 of the Kenyan Penal Code, punishable by 21 years' imprisonment, and any sexual practices (termed "gross indecency") are a felony under section 165 of the same statute, punishable by 5 years' imprisonment. On 24 May 2019, the High Court of Kenya refused an order to declare sections 162 and 165 unconstitutional. The state does not recognise any relationships between persons of the same sex; same-sex marriage is banned under the Kenyan Constitution since 2010. There are no explicit protections against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. Adoption is prohibited to same-sex couples.
Transgender people have historically suffered discrimination, and there are no statutory provisions relating to transgender rights. However, there have been a series of court rulings in favour of transgender rights, such as the right to change the names appearing on legal documents. It is currently unclear as to whether these rulings constitute substantive law on the issue of changing legal gender.
Kenyan society is highly conservative, and a large majority of people hold negative views of LGBT people. Despite this, public support has slowly been growing and various organisations are working to protect and improve LGBT rights.
Laws about same-sex sexual activity
Statutes
Same sex acts are illegal under Kenyan statutes and carry a maximum penalty of 14 years' imprisonment to 21 years in certain aggravating circumstances. Sex acts between women are mentioned under the gender-neutral term "person" in Section 162 of the Penal Code and are enforced equally. Indeed, Prime Minister Raila Odinga on 28 November 2010 called for them to be arrested along with gay men.
The Kenyan Penal Code of 1930, as revised in 2006, provides as follows:
Section 162. Unnatural offenses.
Any person who –
(a) has carnal knowledge of any person against the order of nature; or
(c) permits a male person to have carnal knowledge of him or her against the order of nature, is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for fourteen years:
Provided that, in the case of an offence under paragraph (a), the offender shall be liable to imprisonment for twenty-one years if –
(i) the offence was committed without the consent of the person who was carnally known; or
(ii) the offence was committed with that person's consent but the consent was obtained by force or by means of threats or intimidation of some kind, or by fear of bodily harm, or by means of false representations as to the nature of the act.
Section 163. Attempt to commit unnatural offenses.
Any person who attempts to commit any of the offences specified in section 162 is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for seven years.
Section 165. Indecent practices between males.
Any male person who, whether in public or private, commits any act of gross indecency with another male person, or procures another male person to commit any act of gross indecency with him, or attempts to procure the commission of any such act by any male person with himself or with another male person, whether in public or private, is guilty of a felony and is liable to imprisonment for five years.
The Kenya Human Rights Commission reported in 2011 about how these statutes have indirect but very adverse effects on LGBTI persons, saying,
Same sex sexual practices remain criminalized ... and even though there are few convictions based on sections 162 to 165 of the Penal Code ..., LGBTI persons are routinely harassed by the police, held in remand houses beyond the constitutional period without charges being preferred against them, and presented in court on trumped-up charges. Closely related to this, is a cartel of corrupt police officials who routinely extort and blackmail LGBTI persons with the threat of arrest and imprisonment if they do not give those bribes. ... LGBTI sex workers, mostly MSMs [men who have sex with men] are often asked for bribes and sexual favours by male police officers in exchange for their freedom and security. ... Those who fail to give bribes or sexual favours are charged with tramped up charges and sometimes raped by state security officers.
Constitutional provisions
The Constitution of Kenya, which took effect 27 August 2010, does not expressly protect the rights of LGBTI persons because, according to the experts who drafted the constitution, a majority of Kenyans would have rejected the constitution in the referendum to adopt it.
Nevertheless, few argue that Kenya's statutes discriminating against LGBTI persons are unconstitutional and void because of the constitution's broad protection of civil and human rights. Peter Anaminyi, the national director of Feba Radio Kenya, predicted in June 2011 that within 18 months there would be a challenge to the constitutionality of the Kenya Penal Code.
Article 2
Article 2 of the Constitution of Kenya provides, in paragraph (5) that "the general rules of international law shall form part of the law of Kenya" and, in paragraph (6), that "[a]ny treaty or convention ratified by Kenya shall form part of the law of Kenya under this Constitution". In paragraph (4), the constitution states, "[a]ny law, including customary law, that is inconsistent with [the] Constitution is void to the extent of the inconsistency, and any act or omission in contravention of [the] Constitution is invalid." A subsequent section of this article lists Kenya's obligations under international law and treaties concerning LGBTI rights. To the extent that any Kenyan law violates Kenya's voluntary or involuntary obligations under international law, the law is arguably void under Article 2.
Article 10
Article 10(2)(b) of the Constitution of Kenya provides that, "The national values and principles of governance include ... human dignity, equity, social justice, inclusiveness, equality, human rights, non-discrimination and protection of the marginalised...." Concerning this provision, "Right there, there is a firm basis [for] one to argue against the violation of their [LGBTI persons'] dignity ... on the basis of their gender or sexual orientation. There is firm ground to contest for inclusion, non-discrimination and equality too".
Article 19
Article 19 of the Constitution of Kenya provides that,
(1) The Bill of Rights [Articles 19-59] is an integral part of Kenya’s democratic state and is the framework for social, economic and cultural policies.
(2) The purpose of recognizing and protecting human rights and fundamental freedoms is to preserve the dignity of individuals and communities and to promote social justice and the realization of the potential of all human beings.
Article 20
Article 20(3)(b) of the Constitution of Kenya requires courts, when applying a provision of the Bill of Rights, to "adopt the legal interpretation that most favours the enforcement of a right or fundamental freedom". Concerning this article, Makau Mutua, the chair of the Kenya Human Rights Commission and the dean at the University at Buffalo Law School, The State University of New York, says that "where a right is contested, the courts must take the most liberal interpretation of the law to avoid denying the right".
Article 24
Article 24(1) of the Constitution of Kenya provides that, "A right or fundamental freedom in the Bill of Rights shall not be limited except by law, and then only to the extent that the limitation is reasonable and justifiable in an open and democratic society based on human dignity, equality and freedom, taking into account all relevant factors...."
Article 27
Article 27 of the Constitution of Kenya provides that,
Every person is equal before the law and has the right to equal protection and equal benefit of the law.
Equality includes the full and equal enjoyment of all rights and fundamental freedoms.
Women and men have the right to equal treatment, including the right to equal opportunities in political, economic, cultural and social spheres.
The State shall not discriminate directly or indirectly against any person on any ground, including race, sex, pregnancy, marital status, health status, ethnic or social origin, colour, age, disability, religion, conscience, belief, culture, dress, language or birth.
A person shall not discriminate directly or indirectly against another person on any of the grounds specified or contemplated in clause (4).
Concerning this article, The Equal Rights Trust and the non-governmental Kenya Human Rights Commission said in 2012,
While the Constitution does not explicitly provide for non-discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity, there is scope for this to be rectified through the courts or subsequent legislation. Article 27(4) of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 provides that the "state shall not discriminate directly or indirectly on any ground, including [listed characteristics]", while Article 27(5) states that persons shall not discriminate on any of the grounds "specified or contemplated in clause (4)". Thus defined, the prohibition on discrimination by both the state and non-state actors should be read as inclusive of sexual orientation and gender identity.
In a May 2012 submission to the United Nations Human Rights Committee, the government of Kenya agreed with this interpretation of Article 27(4).
Makau Mutua argues that the Kenya Penal Code is unconstitutional under this article. He said,
Article 27, which is the Equal Protection of the Constitution, provides "every person" is "equal before the law" and has the "right to equal protection" before the law. That's an unequivocal, categorical, and blanket protection against discrimination. The article doesn't exclude homosexuals from the ambit of constitutional protection. Further, Article 27(4) prohibits discrimination on the grounds of "sex". The prohibition of discrimination on the grounds of sex has been understood to include sexual orientation. The Constitution eliminates all wiggle room by prohibiting both direct and indirect discrimination.
Article 28
Article 28 of the Constitution of Kenya provides that, "Every person has inherent dignity and the right to have that dignity respected and protected." This article offers "fresh impetus to the rights of the LGBTI community".
Article 31
Article 31 of the Constitution of Kenya provides that, "Every person has the right to privacy...."
Privacy is a fundamental human right, enshrined in numerous international human rights instruments.
Failed decriminalisation efforts
In 2013, the Cosmopolitan Affirming Church (CAC) opened in Nairobi, becoming the first openly LGBT church in the country. The church is considered to be a rare space where Kenya's LGBT community can escape hostility from society. In 2016, The Employment and Relations Court in the Kenyan town of Nyeri ordered the Anglican Church of Kenya to reinstate three priests who were suspended in 2015 after allegations surfaced that they were gay. The priests later sued Bishop Joseph Kagunda of the Mount Kenya West Diocese, and it was later agreed that they would settle the lawsuit through mediation. In December 2018, it was announced that the Anglican Church in Kenya had given each of the three priests individual compensations of KSh.6.8 million/=.
The High Court of Kenya heard a legal challenge against on 22 and 23 February 2018, filed by the Kenyan National Gay and Lesbian Rights Commission (NGLHRC) will argue that sections of the Kenyan Penal Code are in breach of the Constitution and deny basic rights to Kenyan citizens.
The case, Eric Gitari v Attorney General & another (Petition no. 150 of 2016) filed in 2016, seeks to strike down sections Section 162 (a) and (c) and section 165 of the Penal Code (Cap 63) that criminalise consensual same sex relations between adults.
Eric Gitari, executive director of NGLHRC—and the main petitioner—states that sections of the Penal Code are used to justify violence against LGBT persons in Kenya. The constitutional division of Kenya's High Court will hear submissions from both parties on 25 October on the relevance of the decision by the Supreme Court of India to legalise gay sex by overturning Section 377 to Kenya, given that both countries have shared the law—dating back to the days of British colonial rule—that criminalises "sexual acts against the order of nature".
The High Court was expected to announce its ruling on 22 February 2019. On the scheduled date, however, it was announced that the ruling would be delayed until 24 May 2019. On 24 May 2019, the High Court of Kenya refused an order to declare sections 162 and 165 unconstitutional. LGBT activists vowed to file an appeal in the Court of Appeal.
In a separate case, a Court of Appeal in Mombasa, Kenya, ruled on 22 March 2018, that conducting forced anal examinations on people who are accused of same-sex relations is unconstitutional. The ruling reversed a 2016 High Court decision that had upheld the Kenyan authorities' use of forced anal exams to attempt to provide evidence of homosexual conduct. The National Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission (NGLHRC), a nongovernmental organisation based in Nairobi, filed a constitutional challenge after police arrested two men in Kwale County in February 2015 on charges of homosexuality, and subjected them to forced anal exams, HIV tests, and hepatitis B tests at Mombasa's Madaraka Hospital. Following this decision, Empowering Marginalized Communities (EMAC), a non governmental organization based in Machakos county prosecuted a case that involved two members of the LGBT community who were allegedly caught having sex in Kakuyuni area of Kangundo sub-county. The two men were taken for anal examination at the Kangundo Level 4 hospital. This was contested at the magistrate court of Kangundo and thus the anal examination was halted.
Pending bill to punish homosexuality with death
Copying the Anti-Homosexuality Act of Uganda, a carbon copy bill called the Family Protection Act has been introduced. This law allows "aggravated homosexuality" to be punished with death and would ban all promotion of LGBT activity. It will be voted on in the upcoming month.
Recognition of same-sex unions
Article 45(2) of the Constitution of Kenya specifically authorises opposite sex marriage but is silent about same-sex marriage. "Every adult has the right to marry a person of the opposite sex, based on the free consent of the parties".
In October 2009, two Kenyan men, Charles Ngengi and Daniel Chege, became civil partners at a ceremony in London, United Kingdom. The ceremony received widespread attention in Kenya, most of it critical. Chege's relatives were harassed severely by people living in his home village of Gathiru in Murang'a District.
False rumor about impending same-sex marriage in Mtwapa
In February 2010, a rumor spread in the coastal town of Mtwapa that two Kenyan men were going to marry in a local hotel. The rumor unleashed a "house-to-house witch hunt by anti-gay vigilantes, street attacks targeting gay men, the sacking of an AIDS-fighting medical center, and a widening wave of ultra-homophobic national media coverage". A local radio station, Kaya FM, picked up the story and started a series of programs on gays, which "included phone-in talk shows filled with homophobic discourse and incitements to violence". Baraka FM, Rahma FM, and ultimately national radio stations including Kiss and Classic FM also ran the story. Five days before the date of the non-existent wedding, "many of the muftis and imams discussed the impending wedding during Friday prayers and asked the community to be vigilant against homosexuals. They told their congregants to demonstrate and to flush out homosexuals from the midst of Mtwapa and to ensure that no gay wedding took place".
The day before the non-existent wedding, a press conference condemning the wedding was held by Sheikh Ali Hussein, regional coordinator of the Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya, together with Bishop Lawrence Chai, regional representative of the National Council of Churches of Kenya. They warned that "God is about to punish the fastest-growing town in the Coast region. Come night, come day, we shall not allow that marriage to be conducted in this town tomorrow. We shall stand firm to flush out gays who throng this town every weekend from all corners of this country".
They also warned the owner of a building in the town, who was allegedly renting rooms only to homosexuals, to evict them within seven days or face their wrath. The two denounced the Mtwapa clinic run by the Kenya Medical Research Institute, which has an AIDS program for counseling and treating men who have sex with men. "We ask that the government shut it down with immediate effect or we will descend on its officials". A former member of Kenya's parliament, Omar Masumbuko, addressed the mob gathered outside the police station. He said that "homosexuality must be stopped and every means used to make that happen". He told the crowd "they should not even bother to bring the homosexuals they find to the police station but should take care of the issue themselves".
Traditional female same-sex marriage
Female same-sex marriage is practiced among the Gikuyu, Nandi, Kamba, Kipsigis, and to a lesser extent neighboring peoples. Approximately 5–10% of women in these nations are in such marriages. However, this is not seen as homosexual, but is instead a way for families without sons to keep their inheritance within the family. The couples are considered married, though the terms used for them are mother-in-law and daughter-in-law. The female "husband" (the "mother-in-law") carries on the family name and property, while the female "wife" (the "daughter-in-law") bears children, with the intention of having a son. The female "husband" may be widowed, but may also have a living male husband, but he will not be the father of the female "wife's" children, and the identity of the biological father, though often kin, is kept secret. Such marriages may be polygamous; in 2010 a woman was interviewed who had taken five wives.
Adoption and family planning
The Children Act, 2001 makes homosexuals and unmarried couples ineligible to adopt children. Even if that ineligibility does not apply specifically, "a court may refuse to make an adoption order in respect of any person or persons if it is satisfied for any reason that it would not be in the best interests of the welfare of the child to do so".
Gender identity and expression
With respect to transgender persons, there is no legal means to change your gender in Kenya. The governmental Kenya National Commission on Human Rights reported in April 2012 that the transgender community face much discrimination in the country:
[T]ransgender people in Kenya suffer stigma and discrimination and are not able to access gender re-assignment therapy. A witness who testified at the Inquiry indicated that she had undergone all the processes of re-assignment but Kenyatta National Hospital declined the surgery and did not offer any reasons for declining. Her attempts to appeal to the Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentist's Board have not been successful. Without being allowed to complete the therapy, transgender people suffer identity problems since they are biologically either male or female, yet they present themselves in one of the gender by mode of dressing, personality expressions or through other socially defined roles. When arrested, police often face difficulties regarding what cells (male or female) to detain transgender individuals. When at entertainment areas, they are afraid of using bathrooms designated for either sex for fear of being caught by other people and accused or mistaken to be using bathrooms for sexual crimes. The witness testified that sometimes they meet opposite sex partners who demand to have sexual relationships with them. When they discover that they are not female or male (depending on the gender of the sex partner), they scream and attract members of public to the hotel room causing public nuisance, stigma and embarrassment to the transgender person.
Transgender people face stigma, discrimination, and violence in Kenya. Discrimination in particular is prevalent, as is sexual violence. This is in the areas of recognition of a third sex by the government, access to justice, employment and other spheres of public life.
Transgender Education and Advocacy (TEA) is "a human rights organisation working towards ending human rights violations against transgender / transsexual people. Established in December 2008, the TEA aims to change the public mentality towards transgender / transsexual people through awareness raising campaigns, advocating for legal and policy reforms[,] and empowering transgender / transsexual people".
Intersex rights
Intersex people face stigma, discrimination, and violence in Kenya, including mutilation and non-consensual medical interventions, and difficulties in obtaining documentation.
International pressure on Kenya to legalise same-sex sexual activities
Reports and recommendations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Kenya became a party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights on 1 May 1972. Under Article 40 of the Covenant, the United Nations Human Rights Committee (UNHRC) reviewed and made recommendations on 24 March 2005 concerning Kenya's 18-years-late second periodic report. The UNHRC urged Kenya to repeal Section 162, Penal Code, which criminalises homosexuality. On 19 August 2010 in its third periodic report, Kenya responded formally to this recommendation:
Kenya may not decriminalize same sex unions at this stage as such acts are considered as taboo and offences against the order of nature which are repugnant to cultural values and morality. Indeed the public gave overwhelming presentations to the Committee of Experts [on Constitutional Review] against the inclusion of same sex rights under the new constitution. It must however be reiterated that the government does not discriminate against anyone in the provision of services. No one is ever required under the law to declare their sexual orientation under any circumstances.
Kenya further addressed these issues in May 2012:
Kenya is currently not undertaking any measures to decriminalize same sex unions. Public opinion is strongly against the legalization of same sex unions. The Constitution provides under article 45 (2) that a person has the right to marry a person of the opposite sex, based on the free consent of both parties. However, under article 27 (4), the Constitution, the grounds prohibited for non-discrimination are not limited and therefore this allows room for individuals to claim the violation of their rights on the grounds of their sexual orientation, in the event that they are discriminated against either directly or indirectly by the State or other individuals. ... Until such time that public opinion will change, the Government has tried to accord certain protections to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender ... persons.
Universal Periodic Reviews
The United Nations Human Rights Committee (UNHRC) in May 2010 completed a Universal Periodic Review of the human rights situation in Kenya. During the review, Kenya stated:
With regard to same-sex relationships, there had been serious intolerance because of cultural beliefs and overwhelming opposition to the decriminalization of such relationships, as observed during the constitutional review process. However, the Government did not support discrimination in terms of access to services.
The following recommendations were made to Kenya (the country that initiated the recommendation is listed in parentheses):
Take concrete steps to provide for the protection and equal treatment of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons (Netherlands); decriminalize same-sex activity between consenting adults (Czech Republic); repeal all legislative provisions which criminalize sexual activity between consenting adults (United States of America); decriminalize homosexuality by abrogating the legal provisions currently punishing sexual relations between consenting individuals of the same sex, and subscribe to the December 2008 General Assembly Declaration on sexual orientation and human rights (France)
In response, Kenya indicated on 6 May 2010 that same-sex unions were culturally unacceptable in Kenya. More specifically, Geoffrey Kibara, Secretary, Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Ministry of Justice, National Cohesion and Constitutional Affairs, said on behalf of the Kenyan delegation:
We wish to state as follows. One, there has been a serious intolerance to homosexual relationships in the country because of cultural beliefs. In fact, these relationships are considered taboo in Kenya. The only way we see these being accepted would be over the long term if there are cultural changes. But currently there is serious opposition to decriminalizing same-sex relationships. In fact, during the constitution-making process, public views were received on this and they were overwhelmingly towards continuing the current criminalization of same-sex relationships. But we also want to state that as a government, we do not support discrimination on people who practice same-sex relationships. Discrimination whether in terms of access to services is expressly outlawed, particularly with regard to access to HIV/AIDS prevention and support facilities. The law that is HIV and AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 2006 expressly prohibits any discrimination towards same-sex relationships or people on the basis of their sexual orientation.
Pressure from the U.S. Department of State
The U.S. Department of State's 2011 human rights report found that "societal discrimination based on sexual orientation was widespread [in 2011] and resulted in loss of employment and educational opportunities. Violence against the LGBT community also occurred, particularly in rural areas and among refugees. [Nongovernmental organisation] groups reported that police intervened to stop attacks but were not generally sympathetic to LGBT individuals or concerns".
On 26 June 2012, the United States embassy in Nairobi held what was believed to be the first ever LGBT pride event in Kenya. A public affairs officer at the embassy said, "The U.S. government for its part has made it clear that the advancement of human rights for LGBT people is central to our human rights policies around the world and to the realisation of our foreign policy goals". Similar events were held at other U.S. embassies around the world.
Public opinion and living conditions
According to the 2020 Pew Global Attitudes Project, 14% of Kenyans said homosexuality should be accepted by society up from 1% in 2002. However, a majority (83%) responded that homosexuality should not be accepted by society.
The non-governmental Kenya Human Rights Commission published, in 2011, the first research paper on the legal and social status of LGBTI people in Kenya. Among those who came out or were outed to their family members, 89 percent reported that they were disowned. Employees were reported to have been terminated or subjected to hostility, ridicule, humiliation, and discrimination when their sexual orientation or gender identity became known in the workplace.
Traditional religious and cultural values play a substantial role in this figures. Leaders within the three dominate religions in Kenya, Catholic, Anglican and Islamic, condemn homosexuality and transgender identity as signs of decadence, disease, and immorality.
In June 2011, Kisauni Islamic College principal Sheikh Majid Obeid blamed inflation and drought on people who engage in same-sex acts. Council of Imams and Preachers of Kenya Organizing secretary Sheikh Mohammed Khalifa said, "We are asking Kenyans to shun businesses owned by such people and further show them open discrimination as a way of stopping the beastly act. They grossly abuse rights of others and should not be accepted among the society".
A mob of 100 people led by religious leaders and village elders on 23 February 2012 stormed a meeting of homosexuals at the Likoni CDF Youth Empowerment and Library Centre. Likoni police boss Abagarro Guyo and district officer Moses Ouma then ordered the meeting closed. Sheikh Amir Zani of the Muzadhalfa mosque described the seminar as "illegal, ungodly and unacceptable". He threatened to "mobilise the community to cane the gays if they organised such a meeting again". But the Ministry of Youth and Sports district officer, David Ogal, defended the organisers of the seminar and accused residents of misunderstanding their aims:
Here we are dealing with very vital education to vulnerable groups, including ... gays.... We are offering peer and HIV/AIDS education to the youth because they are at the highest risk of infection. ... The gay community, like other groups, approached us and requested to be educated on safe sex. They have a right to safe sex. By doing this, we are not promoting homosexuality but imparting knowledge. There is a lot of social discrimination and stigma about the issue and we as a society must fight it.
The governmental Kenya National Commission on Human Rights reported in April 2012 that,
LGBIs are discriminated, stigmatised and subjected to violence because of their sexual orientation. In cases where they need medical care, they suffer stigma perpetuated by health care providers who breach their privacy and confidentiality by exposing their sexual orientation to other colleagues at the facilities. The health care providers are not friendly and hardly understand their sexual and reproductive health needs. ... LGBIs face physical harassment by members of public who mock and assault them for practicing "unnatural" sexual relations. In cases of assault by mob justice, the police often fail to come to their rescue. Upon arrest, police subject them to unnecessary body and house searches allegedly looking for evidence that could link them to other crimes. They are profiled as drug users, past prison convicts or individuals with track records of crimes. They often face arbitrary arrest, are often detained at the police stations, subjected to torture and unnecessary harassment by the police who extort money from them and are only released after bribing their way out. They also suffer sexual abuse from the arresting officers. ... When their identities are discovered, LGBIs cannot seek employment or undertake other forms of business—for example, running a kiosk. Sometimes, they have to keep relocating to different residential areas to hide their identity. ... Further they are often evicted from their rental houses by neighbours and condemned for their orientation which is termed evil. In cases where they are not evicted ..., they are not allowed to use common utilities in the residential compounds such as swimming pools. LGBIs are also unable to access spiritual nourishment from the society because they are labelled as evil and the teachings in places of worship interpret LGBI activities as unnatural and unacceptable.
In response, Peter Karanja, the general secretary of the National Council of Churches of Kenya, said on 11 May 2012,
We are concerned that the direction the debate has taken is that of the recognition of homosexuality and prostitution which are against African beliefs and more so our Christian principles. This is a matter that deserves reflective discussion by our society in recognition of our values and beliefs. This is a view shared by our Muslim brothers and sisters. We do not however imply that those who practice them should be locked up, we believe they need assistance to change from these.
Julius Kalu, a bishop of the Anglican Church of Kenya in Mombasa, was reported to have said in July 2012 that the movement to allow same-sex marriages is a bigger threat to the Christian church than terrorism, even though Christians in Kenya have endured several terror attacks in 2012. However, on 11 August 2012 during a meeting with LGBT Christians, Kalu denied having made that statement: "It was not me who said that gays are worse than terrorists. Never. However, all things work together for good to those who love God and I confess to you that, that article, however disparaging and infamous, has helped me know a lot about LGBT people. Because of it, I have been contacted by my fellow bishops in the listening group in the UK, Canada[,] and individual LGBTI people in Kenya. Therefore, let me clear the air on this issue, I never said anything of that sort! This is my very first time to ever see or even meet with LGBTI people and especially from Kenya. It is indeed a shame to me that I've been shepherding to LGBTI people in the Anglican Church when I even don't know!" The July 2012 murder of Tanzanian LGBT rights campaigner Maurice Mjomba was raised during the meeting and Kalu was reported to have "appeared visibly disturbed, saddened[,] and struck with grief" by the news. According to the report, "he stated that there was a need for human societies to live in love, care[,] and harmony with one another without assigning indifferences." He condemned the murder of Mjomba as a "heinous and cowardly" act and expressed the wish that someday soon LGBTI people will live in a free world without "violence and discrimination".
In 2014, the Kenya Film Classification Board (KFCB) banned the LGBT-themed film Stories of Our Lives, made by a Nairobi-based arts collective, from distribution or screening in Kenya, on the grounds that it "promotes" homosexuality.
In 2015, Mark Kariuki, head of the Evangelical Alliance in Kenya and a bishop, said that then U.S. President Barack Obama should "leave the gay talk in America" during his state visit to Kenya. He also said that he does not want to "open doors for [Kenya] to be destroyed."
Rafiki, a 2018 Kenyan drama film directed by Wanuri Kahiu was internationally successful and the first Kenyan film to be screened at the prestigious Cannes Film Festival in France. However it was banned by the KFCB "due to its homosexual theme and clear intent to promote lesbianism in Kenya contrary to the law". The KFCB warned that anyone found in possession of the film would be in breach of the law in Kenya, where gay sex is punishable by 14 years in jail. The ban raised international outrage by the supporters of LGBT rights.
The film's director, Wanuri Kahiu, sued Kenya's government, to allow the film to be screened and become eligible to be submitted as Kenya's entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film at the 91st Academy Awards. On 21 September 2018, the Kenyan High Court lifted the ban on the film, allowing it to be screened in the country for seven days, therefore meeting the eligibility requirements. After the ban was lifted, the film was shown to a sold-out crowd at a cinema in Nairobi. Despite the ban being lifted, it was not selected as Kenya's submission in the Foreign Language Film category, with Supa Modo being sent instead.
Views of government officials
In November 2010, Kenyan Prime Minister Raila Odinga said the behavior of gay couples was "unnatural" and that, "If found the homosexuals should be arrested and taken to relevant authorities". He asserted that "there was no need for homosexual relationships" because the most recent census showed there were more women than men. He said it was "madness for a man to fall in love with another man while there were plenty of women" and that "there was no need for women to engage in lesbianism yet they can bear children". Days later, Odinga denied ordering the arrest of gay couples, saying he meant only that same-sex marriages are illegal in Kenya.
In November 2010, the commissioner of prisons, Isaiah Osugo, announced a plan for closed-circuit television surveillance in Kenyan prisons to curb sex between male inmates.
The chief justice of the Kenyan Supreme Court, Willy Munyoki Mutunga, said at a groundbreaking ceremony for FIDA Uganda in Kampala on 8 September 2011,
The other frontier of marginalization is the gay rights movement. Gay rights are human rights. Here I'm simply confining my statement to the context of human rights and social justice paradigm, and avoiding the controversy that exists in our constitutions and various legislation. As far as I know, human rights principles that we work on, do not allow us to implement human rights selectively. We need clarity on this issue within the human rights movement in East Africa, if we are to face the challenges that are spearheaded by powerful political and religious forces in our midst. I find the arguments made by some of our human rights activists, the so-called "moral arguments", simply rationalizations for using human rights principles opportunistically and selectively. We need to bring together the opposing viewpoints in the movement of this issue for final and conclusive debate.
When former U.S. President Barack Obama visited Kenya in July 2015, Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta rebutted Obama's stance on equal rights for all, including sexual orientation, by stating that for Kenyans LGBT rights are a non-issue and not in line with Kenyan culture.
In April 2018, Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta said that LGBT rights are "not acceptable" and "of no importance to the people of the Republic of Kenya." He also added that the LGBT rights issue in Kenya is not an "issue of human rights" but an "issue of [Kenyan] society and culture."
LGBT rights movement in Kenya
LGBT rights organisations in Kenya include the Gay and Lesbian Coalition of Kenya, Gay Kenya Trust, National Gay & Lesbian Human Rights Commission, and the East Africa Trans Health & Advocacy Network.
In March 2019, 3 out of 5 judges in the Court of Appeal ruled that the government could not use colonial-era laws criminalising gay sexual activity to block the National Gay Lesbian Human Rights Commission (NGLHRC) from being registered as a non-profit organization, and dismissed the appeal after the government's Non-Governmental Organisations Coordination Board rejecting its application for registration as a charity on the basis that it was for gay and lesbian people. The government appealed the judgment to the Supreme Court, which in a 3-2 decision dismissed the appeal.
The body of murdered LGBTQ activist and fashion business owner, Edwin Chiloba was found in Uasin Gishu on 3 January 2023.
Summary table
See also
Human rights in Kenya
Kenya Human Rights Commission
LGBT rights in Africa
Denis Nzioka
References
External links
UK government travel advice for Kenya: Local laws and customs
Rainbow Kenya
Human rights in Kenya
Law of Kenya
Rights
Kenya
Politics of Kenya | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT%20rights%20in%20Kenya |
State Highway 325, officially, SH-325, is a state highway in the U.S. state of Oklahoma. SH-325 runs for through Cimarron County, Oklahoma, from a continuation of New Mexico State Road 456 at the New Mexico border west of Kenton to the traffic circle in Boise City. Along the way it provides access to Black Mesa State Park, near Black Mesa, the highest point in the state of Oklahoma.
Route description
SH-325 begins at the tip of the Oklahoma Panhandle, where NM 456 crosses into Oklahoma from Union County, New Mexico. Just east of the state line, the highway bridges Carrizozo Creek, just upstream of where it empties into the Cimarron River. Just east of the state line, SH-325 passes through the town of Kenton. Further east of Kenton, the highway crosses over Tesesquite Creek and South Carrizo Creek, both tributaries of the Cimarron River. After crossing South Carrizo Creek, the road gradually curves onto a south–north alignment.
SH-325 heads south for about , crossing the intermittent Cold Springs Creek. The road then turns east. The remainder of the route is a mostly flat, straight shot into Boise City, with a minor curve to the west of town where it crosses a railroad track. The route ends at the traffic circle surrounding the Cimarron County Courthouse in downtown Boise City.
History
The road between Kenton and Boise City that is now SH-325 has carried a bevy of designations, and has been intermittently included and excluded from the state highway system over the years. The road was first numbered as a state route in 1926, when the original SH-11 was extended west from its original terminus in Boise City. At the same time, the U.S. route system was being introduced to Oklahoma, and under this new system, the highway received the additional designation as US-64. On the 1928 official state map, this portion of highway is marked as "Not maintained", though the route continued to carry both highway designations.
By 1930, the road was once again state-maintained, and the old SH-11 designation had been done away with as the U.S. route system established itself and superseded the now-redundant state highway numbers that it replaced. US-64, using the Kenton route, would continue to serve as the only state highway connection to New Mexico until the middle of the century.
On July 7, 1947, US-64 was shifted onto a new road that had opened, extending southwest from Boise City and crossing into New Mexico near the southwest corner of the Panhandle. This left the route to Kenton without a designation, which it would lack for the rest of the 1940s, the 1950s, and most of the 1960s.
Kenton was briefly reconnected to the state highway system when State Highway 134 was designated along the old alignment of US-64. This highway was only shown on the 1963 state highway map, implying that it was commissioned the year before and revoked sometime that year. By the time SH-134 was designated, the highway had been fully paved. When SH-134 was decommissioned, its alignment continued to persist on the state highway map, with the legend "(not on highway system)" and no shields.
The old US-64 route to Kenton finally received its present-day designation in 1973, when it was numbered after the already-existing NM 325, which once extended to the Oklahoma state line.
In December 2021, state senator Bill Coleman proposed renaming three inches of a westbound lane as the "Lincoln Riley Highway" following Riley's departure from the University of Oklahoma to the University of Southern California.
Junction list
References
External links
SH-325 at OKHighways
SH-325 at Roadklahoma
Transportation in Cimarron County, Oklahoma
325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma%20State%20Highway%20325 |
Woodlawn National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery within Woodlawn Cemetery, which is in the city of Elmira, in Chemung County, New York. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses , and as of 2021, had over 11,000 interred remains.
History
In 1861, Camp Rathbun, near the town of Elmira, was established as a training camp at the beginning of the Civil War. As the Union troops who trained there were sent to their respective assignments, the camp emptied and in 1864 it was turned into the Elmira Prison prisoner-of-war camp. The facilities were not adequate to house the thousands of Confederate prisoners, and many succumbed to exposure, malnutrition, and smallpox and were subsequently interred at the cemetery.
Woodlawn National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.
Notable monuments
The U.S. government erected the Shohola Monument in 1911 to commemorate a tragic railroad accident that took the lives of both Confederate and Union soldiers during the Civil War in 1864.
In 1937, the United Daughters of the Confederacy erected a monument by sculptor Frederick Sievers in memory of those Confederate prisoners of war who died while imprisoned in Elmira.
Gallery
References
External links
National Cemetery Administration
Woodlawn National Cemetery
Cemeteries on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
United States national cemeteries
Tourist attractions in Chemung County, New York
Buildings and structures in Elmira, New York
Cemeteries in Chemung County, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Chemung County, New York
1864 establishments in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodlawn%20National%20Cemetery |
A mannequin is a life-sized model of the human figure, used especially in advertising and sales.
Mannequin may also refer to:
Film
Mannequin (1926 film), an American silent film starring Alice Joyce and Dolores Costello
Mannequin (1933 film), a British drama film directed by George A. Cooper
Mannequin (1937 film), a drama starring Joan Crawford and Spencer Tracy
Mannequin (1987 film), a comedy starring Andrew McCarthy and Kim Cattrall
Mannequin Two: On the Move (1991 film), sequel to the 1987 film, starring Kristy Swanson
Music
"Mannequin", a DVD single by Cradle of Filth
"Mannequin", a song by Britney Spears from Circus
"Mannequin", a song by Culture Club from Waking Up with the House on Fire
"Mannequin", a song by Katy Perry from One of the Boys
"Mannequin", a song by The Kids from "Fame"
"Mannequin", a song by The Kovenant from Animatronic
"Mannequin", a song by Pop Smoke featuring Lil Tjay from Meet the Woo 2
"Mannequin", a song by Psyopus from Ideas of Reference
"Mannequin", a song by Wild Strawberries on the album Bet You Think I'm Lonely
"Mannequin", a song by Wire from Pink Flag
Other uses
Mannequin, a novel by J. Robert Janes
See also
Manikin (disambiguation)
Manakin, a family of bird species | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannequin%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Call Me Miss... (stylized as Call me Miss...) is the sixth studio album by Japanese recording artist Crystal Kay. This was released just two weeks after her previous single "Kirakuni / Together" and in two different versions: a regular CD only edition and a limited CD+DVD edition that comes with an orchestra version of "Kiss" as well as a DVD of the PVs and live performances of two of Kay's big hits, "Koi ni Ochitara" and "Two As One" (with both these reaching #2 on the Oricon weekly charts).
CD track listing
DVD track listing
Charts
Release history
External links
Crystal Kay — official website
2006 albums
Crystal Kay albums
Epic Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call%20Me%20Miss... |
Mind uploading, whole brain emulation, or substrate-independent minds, is a use of a computer or another substrate as an emulated human brain. The term "mind transfer" also refers to a hypothetical transfer of a mind from one biological brain to another. Uploaded minds and societies of minds, often in simulated realities, are recurring themes in science-fiction novels and films since the 1950s.
Early and particularly important examples
A story featuring an artificial brain that replicates the personality of a specific person is "The Infinite Brain" by John Scott Campbell, written under the name John C. Campbell, and published in the May 1930 issue of Science Wonder Stories. The artificial brain is created by an inventor named Anton Des Roubles, who tells the narrator that "I am attempting to construct a mechanism exactly duplicating the mechanical and electrical processes occurring in the human brain and constituting the phenomena known as thought." The narrator later learns that Des Roubles has died, and on visiting his laboratory, finds a machine that can communicate with him via typed messages, and which tells him "I, Anton Des Roubles, am dead—my body is dead—but I still live. I am this machine. These racks of apparatus are my brains, which is thinking even as yours is. Anton Des Roubles is dead but he has built me, his exact mental duplicate, to carry on his life and work." The machine also tells him "He made my brain precisely like his, built three hundred thousand cells for my memory, and filled two hundred thousand of them with his own knowledge. I have his personality; it is my own through a process I will tell you of later. ... I think just as you do. I have a consciousness as have other men." He then explains his discovery that the electrical impulses in the brain create magnetic fields that can be detected by a device he built called a "Telepather", and that "[t]hrough this instrument any one's mental condition can be exactly duplicated." Later, he enlists the narrator's help in constructing a new type of artificial brain that will retain his memories but possess an expanded intellect, though the experiment does not go as planned, as the new intelligence has a radically different personality and soon sets out to conquer the world.
An early story featuring technological transfer of memories and personality from one brain to another is "Intelligence Undying" by Edmond Hamilton, first published in the April 1936 issue of Amazing Stories. In this story, an elderly scientist named John Hanley explains that when humans are first born, "our minds are a blank sheet except for certain reflexes which we all inherit. But from our birth onward, our minds are affected by all about us, our reflexes are conditioned, as the behaviorists say. All we experience is printed on the sheet of our minds. ... Everything a human being learns, therefore, simply establishes new connections between the nerve cells of the brain. ... As I said, a newborn child has no such knowledge connections in his cortex at all—he has not yet formed any. Now if I take that child immediately after birth and establish in his brain exactly the same web of intricate neurone connections I have built up in my own brain, he will have exactly the same mind, memories, knowledge, as I have ... his mind will be exactly identical with my mind!" He then explains he has developed a technique to do just this, saying "I've devised a way to scan my brain's intricate web of neurone connections by electrical impulses, and by means of those impulses to build up an exactly identical web of neurone connections in the infant's brain. Just as a television scanning-disk can break down a complicated picture into impulses that reproduce the picture elsewhere." He adds that the impulses scanning his brain will kill him, but the "counter-impulses" imprinting the same pattern on the baby's brain will not harm him. The story shows the successful transfer of John Hanley's mind to the baby, whom he describes as "John Hanley 2nd", and then skips forward to the year 3144 to depict "John Hanley, 21st" using his advanced technology to become the ruler of the Earth in order to end a war between the two great political powers of the time, and then further ahead to "John Hanley, 416th" helping to evacuate humanity to the planet Mercury in response to the Sun shrinking into a white dwarf. He chooses to remain on Earth awaiting death, so that people would "learn once more to do for themselves, would become again a strong a self-reliant race", with Hanley concluding that he "had been wrong in living as a single super-mind down through the ages. He saw that now, and now he was undoing that wrong."
A story featuring human minds replicated in a computer is the novella Izzard and the Membrane by Walter M. Miller, Jr., first published in May 1951. In this story, an American cyberneticist named Scott MacDonney is captured by Russians and made to work on an advanced computer, Izzard, which they plan to use to coordinate an attack on the United States. He has conversations with Izzard as he works on it, and when he asks it if it is self-aware, it says "answer indeterminate" and then asks "can human individual's self-awareness transor be mechanically duplicated?" MacDonney is unfamiliar with the concept of a self-awareness transor (it is later revealed that this information was loaded into Izzard by a mysterious entity who may nor may not be God), and Izzard defines it by saying "A self-awareness transor is the mathematical function which describes the specific consciousness pattern of one human individual." It is later found that this mathematical function can indeed be duplicated, although not by a detailed scan of the individual's brain as in later notions of mind uploading; instead, Donney just has to describe the individual verbally in sufficient detail, and Izzard uses this information to locate the transor in the appropriate "mathematical region". In Izzard's words, "to duplicate consciousness of deceased, it will be necessary for you to furnish anthropometric and psychic characteristics of the individual. These characteristics will not determine transor, but will only give its general form. Knowing its form, will enable me to sweep my circuit pattern through its mathematical region until the proper transor is reached. At that point, the consciousness will appear among the circuits." Using this method, MacDonney is able to recreate the mind of his dead wife in Izzard's memory, as well as create a virtual duplicate of himself, which seems to have a shared awareness with the biological MacDonney.
In The Altered Ego by Jerry Sohl (1954), a person's mind can be "recorded" and used to create a "restoration" in the event of their death. In a restoration, the person's biological body is repaired and brought back to life, and their memories are restored to the last time that they had their minds recorded (what the story calls a 'brain record'), an early example of a story in which a person can create periodic backups of their own mind which are stored in an artificial medium. The recording process is not described in great detail, but it is mentioned that the recording is used to create a duplicate or "dupe" which is stored in the "restoration bank", and at one point a lecturer says that "The experience of the years, the neurograms, simple memory circuits—neurons, if you wish—stored among these nerve cells, are transferred to the dupe, a group of more than ten billion molecules in colloidal suspension. They are charged much as you would charge the plates of a battery, the small neuroelectrical impulses emanating from your brain during the recording session being duplicated on the molecular structure in the solution." During restoration, they take the dupe and "infuse it into an empty brain", and the plot turns on the fact that it is possible to install one person's dupe in the body of a completely different person.
An early example featuring uploaded minds in robotic bodies can be found in Frederik Pohl's story "The Tunnel Under the World" from 1955. In this story, the protagonist Guy Burckhardt continually wakes up on the same date from a dream of dying in an explosion. Burckhardt is already familiar with the idea of putting human minds in robotic bodies, since this is what is done with the robot workers at the nearby Contro Chemical factory. As someone has once explained it to him, "each machine was controlled by a sort of computer which reproduced, in its electronic snarl, the actual memory and mind of a human being ... It was only a matter, he said, of transferring a man's habit patterns from brain cells to vacuum-tube cells." Later in the story, Pohl gives some additional description of the procedure: "Take a master petroleum chemist, infinitely skilled in the separation of crude oil into its fractions. Strap him down, probe into his brain with searching electronic needles. The machine scans the patterns of the mind, translates what it sees into charts and sine waves. Impress these same waves on a robot computer and you have your chemist. Or a thousand copies of your chemist, if you wish, with all of his knowledge and skill, and no human limitations at all." After some investigation, Burckhardt learns that his entire town had been killed in a chemical explosion, and the brains of the dead townspeople had been scanned and placed into miniature robotic bodies in a miniature replica of the town (as a character explains to him, 'It's as easy to transfer a pattern from a dead brain as a living one'), so that a businessman named Mr. Dorchin could charge companies to use the townspeople as test subjects for new products and advertisements.
Something close to the notion of mind uploading is very briefly mentioned in Isaac Asimov's 1956 short story The Last Question: "One by one Man fused with AC, each physical body losing its mental identity in a manner that was somehow not a loss but a gain." A more detailed exploration of the idea (and one in which individual identity is preserved, unlike in Asimov's story) can be found in Arthur C. Clarke's novel The City and the Stars, also from 1956 (this novel was a revised and expanded version of Clarke's earlier story Against the Fall of Night, but the earlier version did not contain the elements relating to mind uploading). The story is set in a city named Diaspar one billion years in the future, where the minds of inhabitants are stored as patterns of information in the city's Central Computer in between a series of 1000-year lives in cloned bodies. Various commentators identify this story as one of the first (if not the first) to deal with mind uploading, human–machine synthesis, and computerized immortality.
Another of the "firsts" is the novel Detta är verkligheten (This is reality), 1968, by the renowned philosopher and logician Bertil Mårtensson, a novel in which he describes people living in an uploaded state as a means to control overpopulation. The uploaded people believe that they are "alive", but in reality they are playing elaborate and advanced fantasy games. In a twist at the end, the author changes everything into one of the best "multiverse" ideas of science fiction.
In Robert Silverberg's To Live Again (1969), an entire worldwide economy is built up around the buying and selling of "souls" (personas that have been tape-recorded at six-month intervals), allowing well-heeled consumers the opportunity to spend tens of millions of dollars on a medical treatment that uploads the most recent recordings of archived personalities into the minds of the buyers. Federal law prevents people from buying a "personality recording" unless the possessor first had died; similarly, two or more buyers were not allowed to own a "share" of the persona. In this novel, the personality recording always went to the highest bidder. However, when one attempted to buy (and therefore possess) too many personalities, there was the risk that one of the personas would wrest control of the body from the possessor.
In the 1982 novel Software, part of the Ware Tetralogy by Rudy Rucker, one of the main characters, Cobb Anderson, has his mind downloaded and his body replaced with an extremely human-like android body. The robots who persuade Anderson into doing this sell the process to him as a way to become immortal.
In William Gibson's award-winning Neuromancer (1984), which popularized the concept of "cyberspace", a hacking tool used by the main character is an artificial infomorph of a notorious cyber-criminal, Dixie Flatline. The infomorph only assists in exchange for the promise that he be deleted after the mission is complete.
The fiction of Greg Egan has explored many of the philosophical, ethical, legal, and identity aspects of mind transfer, as well as the financial and computing aspects (i.e. hardware, software, processing power) of maintaining "copies." In Egan's Permutation City (1994), Diaspora (1997) and Zendegi (2010), "copies" are made by computer simulation of scanned brain physiology. See also Egan's "jewelhead" stories, where the mind is transferred from the organic brain to a small, immortal backup computer at the base of the skull, the organic brain then being surgically removed.
The movie The Matrix is commonly mistaken for a mind uploading movie, but with exception to suggestions in later movies, it is only about virtual reality and simulated reality, since the main character Neo's physical brain still is required for his mind to reside in. The mind (the information content of the brain) is not copied into an emulated brain in a computer. Neo's physical brain is connected into the Matrix via a brain–computer interface. Only the rest of the physical body is simulated. Neo is disconnected from and reconnected to this dreamworld.
James Cameron's 2009 movie Avatar has so far been the commercially most successful example of a work of fiction that features a form of mind uploading. Throughout most of the movie, the hero's mind has not actually been uploaded and transferred to another body, but is simply controlling the body from a distance, a form of telepresence. However, at the end of the movie the hero's mind is uploaded into Eywa, the mind of the planet, and then back into his Avatar body.
Further examples
Mind transfer is a theme in many other works of science fiction in a wide range of media. Specific examples include the following:
Literature
Frederik Pohl's story The Tunnel under the World (1955). See above article.
Isaac Asimov's short story The Last Question (1956). See above article.
Arthur C. Clarke's The City and the Stars (1956). See above article.
In the Noon Universe created by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky, the Great Encoding of 2121 was the first known attempt to completely store an individual's personality on an artificial medium. The final stages of the Encoding are described in the chapter 14 of Noon: 22nd Century (Candles Before the Control Board), first published in 1961.
Clifford D. Simak's Hugo-shortlisted novel Time is the Simplest Thing (1961) is based around mind copying and uploading. The initial swap involves 'the Pinkness' giving 'Shep Blaine' a very large number of minds that it has collected over the aeons in exchange for a copy of his mind.
Philip José Farmer's World of Tiers series (1965–1993) introduces the villainous Bellers, who were laboratory machines designed to temporarily hold Lord's consciousness between clone bodies, which became sentient and self replicating.onto a Holopox unit shortly before being nuked by the KGB.
In Arthur C. Clarke's novel 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), the beings controlling the monoliths were once alien lifeforms that had uploaded their minds into robotic bodies and finally into the fabric of space and time itself. The character Dave Bowman undergoes an uploading from the body of a human into a "ghost", as he is described in later books.
Bertil Mårtensson's novel Detta är verkligheten (This is reality), 1968. See above article for details.
Robert Silverberg's novel To Live Again (1969). See opening section for details.
Gene Wolfe's novella The Fifth Head of Cerberus (1972) features a robot named "Mr. Million" whose mind is an uploaded version of the original man who the narrator ('Number Five') was cloned from, and who acts as the narrator's tutor.
John Sladek's satirical The Muller-Fokker Effect (1973), in which a human mind could be recorded on cassette tapes and then imprinted on a human body using tailored viruses.
In an interesting reversal of the typical mind-transfer story, in Robert A Heinlein's Time Enough for Love (1973) a sentient computer transfers "her" mind into a genetically engineered human body.
In George R. R. Martin's novella A Song for Lya (1974), an organism called the Greeshka has the ability to upload the minds of those it consumes, allowing them to live on as bodyless minds.
In James P. Hogan's The Giants novels (1977–2005), stable FTL travel takes weeks if not months, so people upload their minds into an intergalactic network controlled by the AI known as VISAR. The network also supports a large series of virtual worlds for people to interact.
Michael Berlyn's The Integrated Man (1980), where a human mind, or part of it (or even just a set of skills) can be encoded on a chip and inserted into a special socket at the base of the brain.
Rudy Rucker's novel Software (1982). See opening section for details.
C. J. Cherryh's novel Voyager in Night (1984). An ancient alien vessel uploads various beings that it meets.
In Heroes Unlimited (1984) under the Robot category, a human pilot has a transferred intelligence category that transfers a human intelligence over a distance into the body of a robot. This option is also available in Rifts Sourcebook 1. In either case it can be permanent.
William Gibson's novel Neuromancer (1984). See opening section for details.
Frederik Pohl's Beyond the Blue Event Horizon (1982), the second of four novels in the Heechee Saga, introduces uploading technology. In the next, Heechee Rendezvous (1984), the protagonist Robinette Broadhead has died and been uploaded into a computer.
Larry Niven deals with mind-transfer in his short stories: memories from 'corpsicles' (cryogenically frozen bodies) are transferred to mindwiped criminals. In the novels The Smoke Ring (1987) and The Integral Trees (1984), a human is voluntarily 'translated' into a computer program to operate as a starship's guiding intelligence.
Iain M. Banks's Culture series (1987–) make extensive reference to the transfer of mind-states.
Greg Bear's novel Eternity (1988) features a main character discovering a captured uploaded mind of a type of alien called a "Jart", whose civilization is later discovered to have the goal of uploading and digitizing as many minds and life-forms as possible with the hope of preserving them in a future "Final Mind" similar to Teilhard or Tipler's conception of the Omega Point. The story also features Bear's notion of the Taylor algorithms which allow a mentality to discover what type of system it is running on (for example, Bear writes on p. 109 that with these algorithms, "a downloaded mentality could tell whether or not it had been downloaded").
Janet Asimov's Mind Transfer (1988) journeys through the birth, life, death, and second life of a man whose family pioneers human-to-android mind transfer. It also explores the ethical and moral issues of transferring consciousness into an android at the moment of death, and examines the idea of prematurely activating an android which has not yet accepted a human brain scan.
Several characters in Kyle Allen's The Archon Conspiracy (1989) are repeatedly killed and resurrected in prosthetic bodies, once a "pattern map" of their brains is recovered and hard-wired into an artificial neural net. The main antagonist uses a similar process to construct a memetic computer virus, in the process uploading the personality of a notorious serial killer into several thousand people.
Roger MacBride Allen's The Modular Man (1992) portrays the interior experience of a personality copied into a vacuum cleaner and his legal battle for recognition as a legal personality. See also Political ideas in science fiction.
Peter James' Host (1993). A group of scientists is researching the feasibility of the upload to achieve immortality. Unfortunately it turns out that there are some unforeseen problems with the combination of human emotions and the power to use computers and the internet to manipulate the real world.
In the novel Feersum Endjinn (1994) by Iain M. Banks, the minds of the dead are uploaded into a computer network known as "the data corpus", "cryptosphere" or simply "crypt", allowing them to be routinely reincarnated. The story revolves around two characters who are trying to reactivate a piece of ancient technology, the "Fearsome Engine", which can prevent the Sun from dimming to the point where life on Earth becomes extinct.
Greg Egan's novels Permutation City (1994), Diaspora (1997) and Zendegi (2010). See opening section for details.
In Endgame (1996), the last novel of the Doom series by Dafydd Ab Hugh and Brad Linaweaver, the alien race known as Newbies attempts to transfer Fly Taggart's and Arlene Sanders's souls to a computer simulation based on their memories. However, due to difference between "formats" of human soul and soul of any other being in the galaxy, they accidentally copied their soul, with one copy trapped in the simulation and the other left in their bodies.
In Garth Nix's Shade's Children (1997), Shade is an uploaded consciousness acting in loco parentis to teenagers to help save them from evil Overlords. Shade contemplates at times how human he is, especially as his personality degenerates during the story; and whether or not he should have a new human body.
In Charles Platt's novel The Silicon Man (1997), an FBI agent who has stumbled on a top-secret project called LifeScan is destructively uploaded against his will. Realistically describes the constraints of the process and machinery.
Tad Williams's Otherland series (1998–2002) concerns the activities of a secret society whose goals include creating a virtual reality network where they will be uploaded and in which they will live as gods. Otherland contains a very hard SF approach to the topic, but balances the hard approach with fantastical adventures of the protagonists within the virtual reality network.
Gene Wolfe's trilogy The Book of the Short Sun (1999–2001) features an old generation starship called the Whorl which is run by a group of uploaded rulers who have set themselves up as gods. Once the Whorl arrives at a star system with habitable planets, they send giant "godlings" to the humans on board to encourage them to depart the ship.
In Abduction (2000) by Robin Cook, a group of researchers discover an underwater civilization which achieved immortality by transferring their minds into cloned bodies.
In Alastair Reynolds' Revelation Space universe (2000–), a complete and functioning copy of the mind is described as an alpha-level simulation while a non-sentient copy of the mind based on predictive behavioural pattern of a person's mind is described as a beta-level simulation.
In Eater (2000) by Gregory Benford, mind-uploading (or consciousness-uploading) is a "demand" of the major antagonist, which is a "magnetic intelligence" (composed of similarly encoded minds) anchored on the event horizon of a black hole. The major character's wife, who is dying of cancer, has her consciousness uploaded into a computer and mounts an attack on the entity, achieving a type of immortality in the process.
Kiln People (2002) by David Brin postulates a future where people can create clay duplicates of themselves with all their memories up to that time. The duplicates only last 24 hours, and the original can then choose whether or not to upload the ditto's memories back into himself afterward. Most people use dittos to do their work.
Richard K. Morgan's Altered Carbon (2002) and other Takeshi Kovacs books, where everyone has a "cortical stack" implanted at the base of their skull, soon after being born. The device then records all your memories and experiences in real-time. The stack can be "resleeved" in another body, be it a clone or otherwise, and/or backed up digitally at a remote location.
Jim Munroe's novel Everyone in Silico (2002) is set in Vancouver in 2036; people can upload to a virtual world called Frisco which is loosely based on the now submerged city of San Francisco.
Vernor Vinge's novella The Cookie Monster (2003) explores the possibility of mind uploads who are not aware they have been uploaded, and who are kept as unknowing slaves doing technical research in a simulation running at high speed relative to the outside world.
In Cory Doctorow's Down and Out in the Magic Kingdom (2003), the plot is set in motion when the main character is killed and "restored from backup", a process which entails the creation of a clone and flashing the clone's brain with an image stored on a computer.
In Carlos Atanes' FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions (2004) the Sisterhood of Metacontrol transfer Angeline's consciousness into the virtual world of the Réseau Céleste.
Robert J. Sawyer's novel Mindscan (2005) deals with the issue of uploaded consciousness from the perspective of Jake Sullivan: both of them. The human Jake has a rare, life-threatening disease and to extend his life he decides to upload his consciousness into a robotic body; but things don't go quite as planned.
In the Old Man's War series (2005–) by John Scalzi, the minds of volunteer retirees are transferred to younger, genetically enhanced versions of themselves in order to enable them to fight for the Colonial Defence Forces (CDF). In The Android's Dream, two characters' minds are uploaded onto computers.
In The Battle of the Labyrinth (2008) by Rick Riordan, Daedalus/Quintus transfers his mind to an automaton by means of a combination of mechanics and magic.
The book and podcast novel series 7th Son (2009) from JC Hutchins focuses purely on mind uploading and cloning. Combining two ethically situational sciences and turning it into a thriller series when a terrorist clone can copy his consciousness to other people's minds.
In Peter F. Hamilton's Void Trilogy (2007–2010) humans are able to upload into the machine intelligence known as ANA. The same theme is found in P F Hamilton's Mindstar Rising (1993) in which an industrialist's mind is also uploaded to a storage device.
Similar themes are also found in Broken Angels and Altered Carbon by Richard Morgan.
Hannu Rajaniemi's Quantum Thief series (2010–2014), which includes the novels The Quantum Thief, The Fractal Prince and The Causal Angel, describes a posthuman world where uploaded minds (named gogols) are widely used as intellectual software utilized for various purposes including data analysis, planning and control of embedded systems.
Clyde Dsouza's Memories with Maya (2013) looks at how deep learning processes, and 'Digital Breadcrumbs' left behind by people (tweets, Facebook updates, blogs) combined with memories of living relatives can be used to re-construct a mind and augment it with narrow AI libraries. The resulting 'Dirrogate' or Digital Surrogate can be thought of as a posthumous mind upload.
David T. Wolf's novel Mindclone (2013) describes the first successful brain scan and upload, creating a digital twin of Marc Gregorio, a science writer. Alternating between the points of view of the human and his digital twin, the novel explores the technology and its consequences as the pair establishes a friendly rivalry, and cooperates to fend off an avaricious government contractor.
Damien Boyes's series Lost Time (2015-), features characters whose minds are uploaded and digitally restored into artificial bodies. The series explores the emotional, legal, philosophical, and societal ramifications of mind uploading technology.
In the novel So Far Out to Sea by Dane St. John (2016), the visionary Abraham Trevis must locate a habitable exoplanet and plot out a journey to get there, in which he plans to use an experimental process called "relocation" to allow humans to survive the inhospitable forces of space and time – it consists of specialized nanotechnology called "architects", engineered for the purpose of replicating neurons and all individual experiences, learnings, and emotional traits.
In Steve Toutonghi's 2016 novel, Join, people are able to fuse their individual psyches into shared collective consciousnesses—a shared identity known as a join—in order to live multiple lives simultaneously, enjoy perfect companionship, and never die.
In Adrian Tchaikovsky's novel Children of Time (2016) both Dr. Avrana Kern and Gilgamesh Captain Vrie Guyen experiment with whole brain emulation with varied degrees of success.
Dennis E. Taylor's Bobiverse series (2016–Present) follows a 21st-century man named Bob whose consciousness has been uploaded and copied into many "replicants". These computerized clones then explore the galaxy while struggling with whether they are still human, or simply machines.
In Neal Stephenson's Fall; or, Dodge in Hell a software billionaire's brain is destructively scanned and then emulated in a massive cloud computing simulation. The story is told partially in contemporary real space and also in the simulation space which may exhibit different perceived timescales for the simulated consciousnesses.
Ernest Cline's Ready Player Two (2020) is focused on the OASIS Neural Interface (ONI), a device that connects the user's mind into a virtual reality system by making a complete scan of it prior to use.
Film
In the film The Creation of the Humanoids (1962), set in the future after a nuclear war, the blue-skinned androids known as "humanoids" are trying to infiltrate human society by creating android replicas of humans that have recently died, using a procedure called a "thalamic transplant" to take the memories and personality of the recently deceased human and place them in the replicas.
In the 1979 film Star Trek: The Motion Picture, the entity that calls itself V'Ger is a heavily modified Earth space probe that is capable of converting lifeforms and objects such as spacecraft into digitized "data patterns", which can then be represented in holographic or even physical form. The best example of this is when a probe from V'Ger kills the Starship Enterprise's navigator, Lieutenant Ilia, and then generates a mechanized duplicate of her to act as its representative to the Enterprise crew. In the film, it is stated that the duplicate is so detailed as to simulate humanoid biological functions, as well as contain the original Ilia's memory patterns, which the crew attempts to uncover in order to better understand V'Ger's motives.
In the film Tron (1982), human programmer Flynn is digitized by an artificial intelligence called the "Master Control Program", bringing him inside the virtual world of the computer.
Mamoru Oshii/Masamune Shirow's anime/manga Ghost in the Shell (1989–) portrays a future world in which human beings aggressively mechanize, replacing body and mind with interfacing mechanical/computer/electrical parts, often to the point of complete mechanization/replacement of all original material. Its sequel, Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence deals heavily with the philosophical ramifications of this problem.
In the film Robotrix (1991), a criminally insane scientist, Ryuichi Sakamoto, transfers his mind into a cyborg and immediately commits a series of rapes and murders. Among his victims is female police officer Selena Lam. The scientist Dr. Sara transfers Selena's mind into a cyborg named Eve-27, then copies her own persona into a robotic assistant named Ann. The cyborg-robot team pursue the criminal Sakamoto by investigating a series of murdered prostitutes.
The film The Lawnmower Man (1992) deals with attempts by scientists to boost the intelligence of a man named Jobe using a program of accelerated learning, using nootropic drugs, virtual reality input, and cortex stimulation. After becoming superintelligent, Jobe finds a way to transfer his mind completely into virtual reality, leaving his physical body as a wizened husk.
The film Freejack (1992) describes a future where the wealthy can seize people out of the past, moments before their death, and transfer their own mind & consciousness to the newly captured body, at the expense of that person's mind. A "freejack" is what an escapee of this process is called. The computer equipment which stores a mind temporarily while it awaits transplant is referred to as "the spiritual switchboard".
The Thirteenth Floor (1999) is set in late 1990s Los Angeles, where Hannon owns a multibillion-dollar computer enterprise, and is the inventor of a newly completed virtual reality (VR) simulation of 1937 Los Angeles. But Hannon dies and his protégé eventually discovers that the 1990s Los Angeles itself is a simulation.
In the film The 6th Day (2000), the contents of a brain can be downloaded via the optic nerves, and copied to clones.
Chrysalis, a 2007 French movie about an experimental machine capable of partially uploading minds. Minds cannot function in purely digital form, they must be placed back into a human container.
The central conceit of the 2009 science fiction film Avatar is that human consciousness can be used to control genetically grown bodies (Avatars) based on the native inhabitants of an alien world, in order to integrate into their society. This is not true mind uploading, as the humans only control the Avatars remotely (a form of telepresence), but later in the film Grace connects with Eywa (the collective consciousness of the planet) so her mind can be permanently transferred to her Avatar body. Her mind is uploaded to Eywa, but she does not return to her Avatar body and stays within the Tree of Souls. At the end of the film, Jake's mind is uploaded to Eywa and successfully returns to his Avatar body leaving his human body lifeless. The basis for this type of transfer is not explained in detail, but it seems to have a physical basis rather than being something more mystical, given that Grace had earlier described Eywa as a "global network" (like a neural network) made up of electrochemical "connections" (which she said were "like the synapses between neurons") between the roots of trees, and also said that "the Na'vi can access it—they can upload and download data—memories".
In the 2014 movie Captain America: The Winter Soldier, Arnim Zola, a biochemist for HYDRA developed a terminal disease and he transferred his consciousness to a giant computer that took up the entire area of an old, abandoned S.H.I.E.L.D. facility in New Jersey.
In the 2014 movie Transcendence, Dr. Will Caster, an artificial intelligence researcher, is assassinated with a bullet laced with radioactive material and has his consciousness uploaded to several quantum processors (and eventually the internet) in order for him to survive in a digital form.
In the 2015 movie CHAPPiE the title character Chappie transfers the dying Deon's consciousness into a spare robot through a modified neural helmet.
In the 2015 film Advantageous, Gwen Koh is made to choose between having her consciousness transferred to a different body in order to keep her job as the face of a technology company or not having the resources to give her daughter the education that will maintain her position in a socially and economically stratified society.
In the 2015 film Self/less the super wealthy are offered the extension of their lives through the transfer of their minds into what are presented as cloned bodies, but are actually humans whose memories are overwritten and suppressed.
In the 2018 film Replicas a researcher working on creating synthetic robot brains copies his family's minds into cloned human bodies after they are killed in a car accident, in-order to bring them back to life. However, although their minds are copied into cloned bodies, their minds are first uploaded into storage devices called Mem-Drives capable of storing the entire contents of a human brain, until their minds can then later (only after the cloned bodies that first have to be grown are finished maturing) be transferred subsequently into the cloned human bodies. This film also deals with the concept of Mind uploading (into fully artificial robot bodies) as that is exactly what the primary character in the film is trying to accomplish, from nearly the very beginning of the film.
Television
In Galaxy Express 999 (1978), people can achieve effective immortality by transferring their minds into android bodies, if they are wealthy enough to afford them. The main character is set on this as his supreme aspiration in life, but slowly comes to appreciate that it is not quite the panacea he had been led to believe it was.
In the 1985 TV movie Max Headroom and ABC Television series, TV reporter Edison Carter is copied into Network 23's computers creating the TV personality Max Headroom.
Red Dwarf (1988–1999), where a person's memories and personality can be recorded in just a few seconds and, upon their death, they can be recreated as a holographic simulation. Arnold Rimmer is an example of such a person.
In Star Trek: The Next Generation season 2 episode 6 "The Schizoid Man" (1989), Dr Ira Graves uploads his mind into Data's positronic brain. He later downloads his memories into the Enterprise's computer, although his personality has been lost, his memories reduced to raw data of events.
In Star Trek: The Next Generation season 7 episode 10 "Inheritance" (1994), Data encounters his "mother" who, unknown to her, had her mind scanned by synaptic scanner by her husband (and Data's "father") Dr Noonien Soong. This was done while she was unconscious, and days before her death an exact copy of her brain was transferred to a positronic matrix in a synthetic body.
In Battle Angel Alita (1990–, also known as Gunnm), a closely guarded secret of the elite city of Tiphares/Zalem is that its citizens, after being eugenically screened and rigorously tested in a maturity ritual, have their brains scanned, removed and replaced with chips. When this is revealed to a Tipharean/Zalem citizen, the internalized philosophical debate causes most citizens to go insane.
In the Phantom 2040 TV series (1994–) and videogame (1995), Maxwell Madison Sr., the husband of one of the series' main antagonists Rebecca Madison, is killed during a train wreck with the 23rd Phantom and his brainwaves are uploaded onto a computer mainframe. Rebecca plans to download his brainwaves into a living or artificial body to bring him back to life.
The second of the four TekWar TV movies, titled "TekLords" (1994), featured the uploaded intelligence of a drug lord's sister, who had been killed in an attempt on his life.
The antagonist of the M.A.N.T.I.S. episode "Switches" (1995) is a mad scientist on death row, who has designed a device which will upload his mind into the power grid. The device is activated when the scientist is executed in an electric chair. He is thwarted in his attempt to subject his ex-girlfriend to the same process.
In Star Trek: Voyager (1995-2001) season 7 episode 7 "Body and Soul" The Doctor had to upload himself into Seven of Nine due to a race who hated photonic life forms.
In Yu-Gi-Oh! (1996–), Noah Kaiba died in a car accident and his mind was uploaded to a supercomputer.
In the TV series Stargate SG-1 (1997–2007), the Asgard cheat death by transferring their minds into new clone bodies. The mind of Thor, the high commander of the Asgard fleet, was for a time transferred into the computer of a Goa'uld spaceship. In the episode "Tin Man" (1998), the SG-1 team visit a warehouse of an extinct alien civilization, where the android caretaker scans their minds and builds android duplicates of the team, who are unaware that they aren't the originals until they find their original bodies in suspended animation. In "Holiday" (1999) Dr. Daniel Jackson's mind is transferred into Machello's body and vice versa. In "Entity" (2001) Samantha Carter's mind is transferred into a computer. In "Lifeboat" (2003) around 12 minds are transferred into and then out of Daniel Jackson's body. In the two-part opening of season 8, "New Order" (2004), Jack O'Neill's mind is fully interfaced with the main computer of Thor's ship.
In the TV series Stargate Atlantis, after being infected with Asuran (Replicator) Nanites, Dr. Weir is capable of accessing and uploading herself in the Asuran collective network.
In the TV series Stargate Universe, the consciousnesses of a number of deceased characters are uploaded to the Destiny's main computer, where they exist as live computer programs which can interact with the crew via induced audiovisual hallucinations.
Cowboy Bebop episode 23 "Brain Scratch" (1999) is about a cult dedicated towards electronic transference of the mind into a computer network.
In the French animated series Code Lyoko (2003–), the primary characters use devices called Scanners that read the entire physical makeup of the user, digitize their atoms and then teleport the user onto the virtual world of Lyoko.
In the Japanese animated television series Kaiba (2008), memories can be stored as information via a memory chip; when individuals die, their minds live on. This digitization of mental information allows for the transfer of one's mind to someone else's body, and the theft and manipulation of other people's memories has become the norm. Society is largely divided into two classes. In the skies are electrical storms, which cannot be passed through without losing one's memories. Above them lies the realm of the wealthy and powerful, who barter others' bodies and memories for their own enjoyment and longevity. Below the clouds is a troubled and dangerous world where good bodies are hard to come by and real money is scarce.
In the television series Caprica (2009–2010), a prequel to Battlestar Galactica, the ability to upload human consciousnesses into a virtual reality world is featured prominently. (Battlestar Galactica did not itself feature true mind uploading, since the cylons were artificial intelligences that were not based on ordinary human brains, though their minds could be transferred from one body to another in the same manner as is often envisioned for uploads.) While some characters believe that the process only creates an imperfect copy of the original person, as the death of the original consciousness is unnecessary for the creation of the virtual copy, other characters believe that it can be viewed as a form of religious rebirth analogous to the afterlife.
Mind transfer is a central theme in the television series Dollhouse (2009–2010).
In the anime series Serial Experiments Lain, the antagonist Masami Eiri embeds his memories and consciousness into the "Wired", the internet of the story universe. He believed that humanity should evolve by ridding themselves of their physical limitations and live as digital entities only.
In the second installment of the story "The Trial of a Time Lord" in the original Doctor Who series, the Doctor's assistant Perpugilliam Brown has her mind erased and replaced with that of the dying Lord Kiv of the Mentors. The storyline mentions that this is the first time the entire mind of an individual can be transplanted from one body to another. It is a pivotal moment in the history of the series as it is the purported reason that the Time Lords took the Doctor out of time and placed him on trial. It was later shown to be false evidence in the Doctor's trial.
In the episode "Silence in the Library" of the 2005 revival of the British television show Doctor Who Donna Noble is "saved" by the computer Cal, joining several others inside the computer that had been saved previously. Arguably the process of saving the individuals is more involved then simple mind uploading, as the teleportation patterns of the individuals are also stored and in the next episode "Forest of the Dead", the Doctor persuades Cal to return them to the physical world. However, also in "Forest of the Dead", River Song is killed but the Doctor uploads River's consciousness into Cal thus extending her life indefinitely.
In the episode "13.1" of the show Warehouse 13, former Warehouse Agent Hugo Miller's hologram appears when an attempt is made to upgrade the computer systems inside the Warehouse. In fear of being deleted during the upgrade, Hugo locks down the entire Warehouse and attempts to kill everyone inside. Hugo's hologram is later identified as a portion of the agent's mind in which he uploaded onto the Warehouse computers using an artifact, but something went wrong during the transfer and only certain parts of his mind went into the computer, leaving the other parts in Hugo's biological mind. Having only half of an actual brain renders him insane and he is put into an asylum until he is later retrieved by Pete and Myka to reverse what the artifact has done, thus making him a whole person again and deleting the holographic and homicidal half version of Hugo in the Warehouse 13 computer systems.
The 2014 episode "White Christmas" of the British TV show Black Mirror features a procedure where copies of living subjects' minds are uploaded to "cookies", devices capable of running full brain emulation, and then used for household control jobs, judicial investigation, and criminal sentencing. An operator can also adjust the cookie speed to make the emulated mind experiment a different time scale, a feature used to apply a thousand-year long sentence to an individual's mind, which is served in a few hours of real-world time.
In the 2014 episode "Days of Future Future" of The Simpsons, Professor Frink loads Homer's brain onto a USB stick and then brings him to life in a digital environment with his head being shown on (the future equivalents of) TV screens, digital photo frames and computer screens between which Homer can move freely and engage in screensavers and video games. Later Bart buys him a "robot body" (similar to the Surrogates in the movie Surrogates) which he plugs into the "TV" upon which it conflates and Homer's head moves from the screen over to the physical robot.
The 2016 episode San Junipero of the British TV show Black Mirror.
In Westworld (2016), the eponymous theme park is run with the purpose of digitalizing consciousness in order to achieve immortality. This is done by analyzing the human guests' behaviors and adjusting their digital representation until it reacts in the same way as the guest to any given stimulus.
In season 3 of The 100 (2014-2020), which aired in 2016, an AI device known as The Flame is introduced. This device requires merging with a human brain, and is passed down (over many years) to each new Commander of the Grounders, aka Heda. Each new Commander has access to (the ability to see and speak to) all of the prior Commanders, as their minds live on after their deaths, due to being uploaded and saved within The Flame.
In Altered Carbon (2018), nearly all humans have a backup device implanted, which can be used to revive them in another body.
In season 6 of The 100 (2014-2020), which aired in 2019, a group of colonists from Earth inhabited an Earthlike planet called Sanctum. They developed the technology to download the human mind to a drive and upload it to another human being. In order to achieve this, they also developed the technology to wipe the mind of a human being while keeping the brain intact. After wiping the mind of the victim, they could then insert the mind drive into the body and upload the consciousness of the downloaded mind, effectively allowing human consciousness to live forever in different bodies.
In Star Trek: Picard (2020), protagonist Jean-Luc Picard's consciousness is transferred to an android body upon his human body's death. Knowing that Picard would not want to be immortal, creator Altan Intigo Soong and La Sirena crew members Soji Asha and Agnes Jurati deliberately limit his new lifespan to what it would have been without the brain defect that killed him.
Super Sentai
The 2010 instalment Tensou Sentai Goseiger featured the Matrintis leader Robogorg of the 10-sai, who was once a human scientist that transferred his brain into a Matroid body after he was ostracized by his people, ironically saving himself when his civilization perished.
The 2017 instalment Uchu Sentai Kyuranger featured the mad scientist Dr. Anton, who had a dissociative identity disorder, forcing him to transfer his evil self into a receptacle while his good half remains in his human body to defect from the Jark Matter.
The ultimate main antagonist of Amphibia (2019) is the Core, the product of a group of immortality-seeking Amphibian scientists transferring their minds to a shared consciousness. The resulting entity was left inhabiting a large, cumbersome robotic body, causing it to seek a far more mobile host, eventually choosing supporting character Marcy Wu due to her genius-level intellect after she won a game of Flipwart against King Andrias Leviathan. After the events of "True Colors", Marcy is held captive in a healing tank until the events of "Olivia & Yunan", at which point the title characters attempt to rescue her but are foiled and ultimately forced to watch as she is taken over by the Core.
In Upload (2020–) by Greg Daniels, set in 2033, humans can upload themselves into a virtual afterlife of their choosing, with different levels similar to socioeconomic strata of society, and they are cared for by "handlers". When computer programmer Nathan Brown dies prematurely, he is uploaded to the very expensive Lakeview, but then finds himself under the thumb of his possessive, still-living girlfriend Ingrid. As Nathan adjusts to the pros and cons of digital heaven, he bonds with Nora, his living customer service rep. Nora struggles with the pressures of her job, her dying father who does not want to be uploaded, and her growing feelings for Nathan while slowly coming to believe that Nathan was murdered.
Comics
In the Marvel Comics universe, Adolf Hitler's mind was transferred into a cloned body upon his death; this clone became the supervillain called the Hate-Monger, first introduced in 1963.
The 1966 comic book superhero NoMan "was a human mind housed in a robotic body. The mind, that of Anthony Dunn, had been transferred into the robotic form as his human body passed away."
In the 1990 Japanese manga series Battle Angel Alita, one of the main plot points orbits around the "secret of Tiphares". In the aerial city of Tiphares everyone who turns 19 undergoes an "initiation" to obtain Tipharean citizenship: officially this implies just gaining a small tattoo on the forehead but secretly the Medical Investigation Bureau, which controls the city, has the brain of every initiated person to be mechanically surgically removed and, while their body remained in a temporary suspended animation until the end of the process, transfers the individual's mind along with all his memories and informations in a so-called "brain bio-chip", which mimics every aspect of a human brain, which is then implanted where the brain was.
In Frank Miller's comic RoboCop Versus The Terminator (1992), the human brain of RoboCop is uploaded into Skynet, the malevolent artificial intelligence from the Terminator series. RoboCop's mind waits hidden inside Skynet for many years until he finally gets an opportunity to strike against it.
In Journey Into Mystery (2013) The aliens Beta Ray Bill and Ti Asha Ra as well as his ship Skuttlebutt are all representative uploaded entities. Bill is a cyborg and Ti Asha Ra is created from within the Celestial Galactus himself. In issues #652-55, Skuttlebutt is destroyed, and Ti Asha Ra is killed; however, the ship entity Bill had been chasing is a form of cosmic life collector and partitions Ti Asha Ra's mind to upload Skuttlebutt's consciousness into her physical body, apparently resurrecting her from the dead. It also uploads the life goddess Gaea and Ti Asha Ra into itself, which allows the Asgardian warrior maiden Sif and Bill to rescue them later as all is returned to normal.
In Amazing Spider-Man, Otto Octavius was able to house copy of his mind in a robotic body of the Living Brain. After its destruction, Octavius transferred his mind into a clone body and then, into a new clone body of Spider-Man.
In DC Comics, the hero "NoMan" was a 76-year-old man before having his consciousness uploaded.
Video games
In the computer game Space Quest IV: Roger Wilco and the Time Rippers (1991) from Sierra Entertainment, the hero Roger Wilco is chased through time by an uploaded version of his old enemy Sludge Vohaul, whose consciousness has been stored on the missing floppies from a never-produced fourth installment of the Leisure Suit Larry series (also made by Sierra).
In Delphine Software's game Flashback (1992), the protagonist Conrad Hart discovers that the Morph alien race is plotting to invade Earth. Knowing that the Morphs will erase his memory if they discover that he knows about them, he copies his memory and records a message of himself in his holocube in case if his memory is erased.
In Cyborg Justice (1993), a game for the Sega Genesis, the player is uploaded into a robotic body.
In the Mega Man X video games (1993–), X's creator Doctor Light had uploaded his brainwaves into a computer before he died, and effectively "lives beyond the grave" as a sentient hologram that can communicate with X and Zero. Additionally, one stage (Cyber Peacock) and the game Mega Man Xtreme involved the protagonists (artificial humans) being uploaded into "cyberspace".
The computer game Independence War (1997), in which the player is assisted by a recreation of CNV-301 Dreadnoughts former captain, who is bitter about having been recreated without his consent.
In the computer game Total Annihilation (1997), a multi-millennia galactic war rages between a society demanding mandatory destructive uploading and a rebellion against it.
In the Japanese release of Ace Combat 3: Electrosphere (1999), the main antagonist is the result of a mind uploading experiment, which is referred to in the game as "sublimation" after the phase transition.
In the Mega Man Battle Network series (2001–), Hub Hikari, twin brother of protagonist Lan Hikari, was uploaded and configured into the Navi (artificial intelligence) Megaman.EXE to escape a lethal birth defect.
In Metroid Fusion (2002), Samus Aran's commander and friend Adam had his brain uploaded to the Federation's network, a process that is apparently common for scientists and leaders.
In the video game Doom Eternal, the Seraphim, Samur Maykr, uploaded his consciousness into a cloned body in order to move among the humans more easily as Dr. Samuel Hayden. Samur transferred his consciousness once again, this time into a technological shell of UAC design, enabling him to sidestep ancient laws and enter Hell during the earliest human expeditions. He located and took possession of the Slayer's sarcophagus, knowing he would be key to stopping the coming conflict. After aiding the Slayer in the war against Hell, the Seraphim's original body was reclaimed.
In the MMO Eve Online (2003), players take the role of pilots for hire known as "capsuleers" or "Empyreans". Through usage of capsule technology, they have their minds downloaded and transferred to a new clone through the galactic network at the moment before death.
In the RPG game Harbinger (2003) one of the playable characters is uploaded being in a gladiator robotic body, on a generational starship.
In the computer game City of Heroes (2004–), the arch-villain known as Nemesis was born in Prussia during the 18th century, but has since then put his mind into a complex, steam-powered robotic body.
In the video game Jak 3 (2004), the character Vin uploads his mind into a computer before he is killed.
In the Destroy All Humans! series (2005–), Orthopox 13 uploads a "copy of my [his] exquisite mind" onto a Holopox unit just before his ship is nuked by the KGB.
In the games Portal and Portal 2, the character GLaDOS is actually Aperture Science's CEO Cave Johnson's assistant Caroline, transferred into a computer. Cave originally opted for himself to be transferred into a computer, but died before it could happen, and hence Caroline was transferred instead. At the end of Portal, GLaDOS also claims to have Chell's brain "scanned and permanently backed up in case something terrible happens".
In the game Dirge of Cerberus: Final Fantasy VII (2006), the character Professor Hojo is revealed to have uploaded his consciousness into the worldwide network moments before his death in the original Final Fantasy VII (1997) as a means to survive the encounter with the protagonists and ultimately download himself into a new, stronger body 3 years later.
In the iPhone RPG Chaos Rings (2010), a human named Theia transferred her consciousness and memories into the mainframe of the Ark Arena, a highly advanced spaceship and time travel machine, in order to oversee its activities.
In Assassin's Creed: Revelations (2011) it turns out that Subject 16 uploaded his mind into the Animus virtual machine shortly before committing suicide in the first game.
In Watch Dogs: Legion, several people had their mind uploaded by one of the antagonists "Skye Larsen", eventually having had part of their consciousness deleted to turn them into AI programmes, such as driving a taxi or managing a house.
In the game Deponia (2012) the character "Goal" has her personality backed up onto a disc, inserted inside her head.
Cortana from Halo series is based on a cloned brain.
In Halo 4 (2012), this is the main purpose of the Forerunner device known as the Composer. It digitizes organic intelligences, allowing them to live as AIs. However, the process corrupts the minds that are converted and is irreversible.
In Mass Effect 3 (2012), Legion (member of a race of Synthetic Intelligences known as the Geth) temporarily uploads Commander Shepard's consciousness into the Geth Consensus, the network that houses all Geth programs.
In Crysis 3 (2013), it was revealed that in the time since Crysis 2, the personality of "Alcatraz"—the protagonist of Crysis 2—was effectively supplanted by "Prophets" whose memories and consciousness were embedded in the "nanosuit" that Alcatraz was wearing.
In the MMO first-person shooter Dust 514 (2013), mercenary foot soldiers use a device called a Neural Interface System (NIS) implant to transfer conscientiousness to a clone body at the moment of death.
In the thriller game Master Reboot (2013) the players' character is uploaded into the "Soul Cloud" upon biological death, where all the data that makes up a person's soul is stored in vast data banks.
In Warframe (2013), the titular Warframe suits are actually biomechanical shells which are connected the conscience of the actual Tenno, human children who were given unpredictable powers by the Void.
In the video game Elite: Dangerous (2014) from Frontier Developments, Utopia, one of possible Powerplay factions to be joined by players, was created over idea of preservation of human mind through mind uploading.
In the horror/thriller game SOMA (2015), which centers around the concept and ethics of mind uploading. Taking place after an apocalypse renders the surface uninhabitable, the player explores the underwater research station Pathos-II, encountering and evading a malfunctioning artificial intelligence called the Wau.
In the JRPG Xenoblade Chronicles X (2015), where humans who escaped the Earth's destruction had their consciousnesses recorded and stored inside a database where they can control artificial bodies known as Mimeosomes.
In the visual novel Steins;Gate 0 (2015), a main character Makise Kurisu, persists in the form of a digital copy of her brain powered by the experimental program "Amadeus".
In the RPG game Cyberpunk 2077 (2020), where the main character steals a chip which stores the consciousness of a terrorist and "rock legend" named Johnny Silverhand. The main plotline also evolves around the concept with a fictional product named "the Relic" allowing a user to create a copy of themselves for their families, this is then stored in a digital prison named Mikoshi.
Other media
In the tabletop game Car Wars (1980) characters' bodies are routinely cloned and their stored memories uploaded into the new bodies, which are activated upon the death of the old versions.
In the Rifts role-playing game Dimension Book 2: Phase World (1994), a member of an artificial race called the Machine People named Annie integrates her consciousness permanently with a spacecraft.
In the online collaborative world-building project "Orion's Arm" (2000–) the concepts of mind copying and uploading are used extensively, particularly in the e-novel Betrayals.
The award-winning RPG Transhuman Space (2002) tackles the mind-uploading issue with the concept of xoxing, which is the illegal perfect copy of a mind. Mind emulation (called ghosts) is always destructive, so a living person cannot co-exist with their digital copy. Nevertheless, this doesn't prevent multiple digital versions from being simultaneously active. Law prohibits more than one active copy of a brain emulation or a strong artificial intelligence at a time (security backups being considered inactive), and the RPG delves into the possible abuses of this (like cult leaders implanting a copies of their own minds in every cult followers' neural interfaces).
The RPG Eclipse Phase takes place in a frightening future after a technological singularity in which a group of superintelligent Seed AIs known as TITANs that were infected by an alien nano-virus forcibly destructively uploaded most humans and transhumans alive at the time and kidnapped their egos (term used for brain emulations in the setting), while destroying the surface in an event called "The Fall". Most of the survivors live in space, and have uploaded their personalities (or "egos") and can regularly switch between physical bodies ("morphs"), or inhabit simulated bodies ("infomorphs") in virtual environments. Duplication of uploaded personalities is also possible ("forking").
See also
Body swap appearances in media
Cyborgs in fiction (includes examples of the related notion of placing a biological brain in an artificial body)
Technologically enabled telepathy
Whole-body transplants in popular culture
References
External links
Machine Intelligence List – list of stories with machine intelligences, those marked with "H" include "humans in computerized/program/digitized form"
Science fiction themes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind%20uploading%20in%20fiction |
Hayley Michelle Aitken (born 11 April 1986) is an Australian pop singer-songwriter and record producer who also performs mononymously as Hayley. She had a top 40 hit on the ARIA Singles Chart with her second single, "Kiss Me Quick" (July 2002). Aitken has worked as a songwriter or producer for other artists, and is a prolific producer for many K-pop artists.
Biography
Hayley Aitken was born in April 1986 in the Victorian rural town of Drouin. In 1997 she recorded a song, "Another Tear", following the death of Princess Diana, which was written and produced by Reno Nicastro and Molly Meldrum.
Aitken's debut single, "That Girl", was released under her first name, Hayley, which reached the ARIA Singles Chart top 100 in July 2001. In the ARIA Report it was described as "a catchy urban pop single and features bonus dance remixes." It appeared on an Australian Promo CD for Britney Spears' single, "Stronger". Aitken was signed with Jive/Zomba.
Her second single, "Kiss Me Quick", under the name Hayley Aitken, peaked at No. 31 on the ARIA Singles Chart in August 2002. It contained a b-side, "If I Was to Say", which she wrote when eleven years old. Carmine Pascuzzi described "Kiss Me Quick", "[Aitken] is a teenager with loads of talent and this is an interesting modern pop song that showcases her talent. There is a distinctive confidence and depth in her performance and she delivers this song very positively."
Aitken's third single, "(I Hate the Way) I Love You", (December 2002), which peaked at No. 55. Also in 2002 she recorded a song for the Undercover Angels soundtrack, "[You Must Be An] Angel" Her proposed debut album, Watching TV, was pushed back several times, due to the sale of Zomba records to BMG Records, in 2003. Aitken signed to BMG records but asked to be released from her contract in 2004 so she could pursue her own direction. After her contract with Jive ended, she was signed by Legit music under a management contract by August 2004.
In 2005 Aitken worked as a songwriter, she co-wrote four tracks on Ricki-Lee Coulter's debut self-titled album (October: "Turn It Up", "Something About You", "Stay with Me" and "Hello". She also provided backing vocals for the latter three tracks. Legit Music stated that she was on their artist roster, however on Aitken's MySpace site, she placed her record label as "none". She was signed to Sony BMG publishing.
In 2007, Aitken, Tamara Jaber (ex-Scandal'us) and Reigan Derry (Australian Idol contestant, 2006) formed an all-girl pop trio, Scarlett Belle, and were signed to US label, Def Jam Recordings. In 2008 they were dropped from the label and shortly after Aitken left the group.
During the 2010s, Aitken has written or co-written material for other artists: September's "White Flag" on Love CPR (February 2011), "I Know You're not Alone" on Diamond Veil (May) by Sweetbox, Julie Bergan's "Fire" (June 2014), "Colours" on Eleven (October 2015) by Tina Arena and "Traffic Lights" (May 2015) on Lena's Crystal Sky. Also in 2015, while working in Swedish-based song writing collective, the Kennel, Aitken co-wrote "I Want Your Love" for Ukrainian-born artist, Eduard Romanyuta. "I Want Your Love" was the Moldovan entry for that year's Eurovision Song Contest. Aitken described her writing, "it has always been my dream to write music for different countries and cultures, so this is really cool."
Discography
Singles
Other work
References
External links
Listen to an unreleased Hayley Aitken songwriting demo. Track: Player (S.Godden/H.Aitken)
Myspace profile
1986 births
Living people
Singers from Victoria (state)
Australian women pop singers
Scarlett Belle members
21st-century Australian women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayley%20Aitken |
Frotho II is one of the legendary Danish kings described in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum.
Text
See also
Fróði
Notes
References
Davidson, Hilda Ellis (ed.) and Peter Fisher (tr.) (1999). Saxo Grammaticus : The History of the Danes : Books I-IX. Bury St Edmunds: St Edmundsbury Press. . First published 1979-1980.
Elton, Oliver (tr.) (1905). The Nine Books of the Danish History of Saxo Grammaticus. New York: Norroena Society. Available online
Olrik, J. and H. Ræder (1931). Saxo Grammaticus : Gesta Danorum. Available online
Mythological kings of Denmark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frotho%20II |
The Jewish General Hospital (JGH; ), known officially as the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital () since 1978, is an acute-care teaching hospital in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The hospital is affiliated with McGill University and has 637 beds, one of the most of a hospital site in Canada.
In 2019, Newsweek ranked the hospital 4th in Canada and 1st in Quebec.
History
The Jewish General Hospital, which opened its doors in 1934, was founded as a general hospital, open to all patients regardless of race, religion, language or ethnic background. The Jewish community of Montreal founded it in part as a response to the anti-Semitic "Days of Shame" doctor's strike at the Hôpital Notre-Dame in Montreal, Quebec, Canada where all interns at the hospital walked off the job for four days to protest the hiring of a Jewish senior intern, Dr. Samuel Rabinovitch and then only returned to work after Dr. Rabinovitch had resigned. While part of the Quebec medicare system, and functionally bilingual in French and English, the hospital continues to be run chiefly by members of the Jewish community.
At his death in 1928, Sir Mortimer Davis left most of his estate to be used to construct a Jewish public hospital that would bear his name. In 1969, the hospital opened the affiliated Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, one of the largest and most influential research centres in Canada.
Among many other medical innovations, in 1974, the JGH was one of the first hospitals in Canada to open a division of colorectal surgery. Among the famous alumni of the hospital is former head nurse Beverley Binder (born Rosen).
In 1978, fifty years after Davis's death, $10 million from his estate was donated to the Jewish General Hospital, which was then renamed the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital.
In 2016, the hospital opened a new pavilion as part of a $430 million expansion/renovation project.
The provincial government of Quebec in 2018 committed $200 million towards a multi-year renovation project.
Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research
The Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research (LDI) is the research arm of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital and has strong academic ties to McGill University.
Founded in 1969, the LDI has a roster of nearly 200 researchers, and it is an important North American biomedical research institute. LDI researchers have made major breakthroughs in the areas of HIV/AIDS, aging, cancer, vascular disease, epidemiology, and psychosocial science.
The LDI currently supports four major research axes (or programs):
Cancer (Segal Cancer Centre)
Epidemiology
Molecular and Regenerative Medicine (includes stem cells, haemovascular disease, aging and HIV/AIDS)
Psychosocial Aspects of Disease
See also
McGill University Health Centre (MUHC)
The Ride to Conquer Cancer
References
External links
Jewish General Hospital
Hospital buildings completed in 1934
Hospitals established in 1934
Hospitals in Montreal
Jewish medical organizations
Jews and Judaism in Montreal
Côte-des-Neiges–Notre-Dame-de-Grâce
1934 establishments in Quebec | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish%20General%20Hospital |
Third Avenue Line may refer to the following transit lines:
IRT Third Avenue Line, commonly known as the Third Avenue El and the Bronx El, a former elevated railway in Manhattan and the Bronx, New York City; ended in Manhattan in 1955 and in the Bronx in 1973
Third Avenue Elevated, the portion of Fifth Avenue Line (Brooklyn elevated) on Third Avenue, Brooklyn; closed in 1940
Third Avenue Line, a former streetcar line in Brooklyn that closed in 1942, now served by bus; see List of bus routes in Brooklyn#Route history
Third Avenue Line (Manhattan surface), a public transit line in Manhattan, running from Lower Manhattan to Fort George in Washington Heights, originally a streetcar line, now served by several bus routes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20Avenue%20Line |
Johannes Daniel Dahm (*born 1969 at Cologne) is a German geographer, ecologist, activist, consultant and entrepreneur.
Daniel Dahm is pioneering a just and sustainable development within science, as entrepreneur as well as an activist. For many years, he held leading positions in scientific institutions of excellence, as well as in the steering committees of civil society organizations. As a multidisciplinary scientist, he works in the fields of sustainability and development research, ecological economics and ecological creation of values, future of work, plurality and diversity of life.
Questions concerning new and sustainable living and models of wealth, human-nature-relations, co-actions between diversity, life complexes and sustainable socio-economies taking centre stage in his work.
Daniel Dahms international reputation and acclaim are largely based on a work that followed in the footsteps of the 1955 Russell-Einstein Manifesto – the Potsdam Manifesto "We have to learn to think in a new way" and the Potsdam Denkschrift, carried by the Federation of German Scientists. In 2005 he composed them together with the quantum physicist Hans-Peter Dürr and the philosopher Rudolf Prinz zur Lippe. Above that, he published more than 50 scientific articles and book contributions, his range of lectures and publications reaches from philosophy of science over economical and civil society development, ecological approaches, up to city development and diversity of life.
Biography
The geographer Daniel Dahm earned his doctorate 2003 at the University of Cologne with his dissertation "Sustainable lifestyles – urban subsistence for higher quality of life" dealing with the interplay between sustainable lifestyles, non-monetary economies and civil society.
From 1997 until 2005 he was member of the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy and worked closely together with the economist and former member of the German Council of Economic Experts Prof. Dr. Gerhard Scherhorn. As research leader at the Institute for Household- and Consumer Economics, University of Hohenheim he worked until 2004 on "urban subsistence as urban infrastructure" . Inter alia he lectured at the Institute for Social Anthropology / Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg. 2006 to 2007 he was appointed as Research Fellow for Science in Innovation at the Natural History Museum London towards the interplay of diversity and plurality of life and its complexity. Later he became the scientific director of the research group Ethical-Ecological Rating at Goethe-University, and until 2018 Vice Director of the European Centre for Sustainability Research (ECS) at Zeppelin University, Friedrichshafen, Germany. Furthermore, he is senior fellow of the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies.
2000 he was awarded with the Schweisfurth Research Award for Ecological Economics by the Society for Ecological Economy (Vereinigung für Oekologische Oekonomie Germany).
2008 he was honoured as Fellow for responsible leadership of BMW Foundation Herbert Quandt.
Additionally, he is Senior Advisor of the World Future Council, Member of the German Association Club of Rome, Member of the Federation of German Scientists VDW, Ambassador of the Association for the Promotion of the Economy for the Common Good / (Gemeinwohloekonomie), and Member of the Scientific Committee of Consorzio Costellazione Apulia. In the exhibition sector, he holds since 2010 the Chair of the Jury at Internorga Trade Fair at Hamburg Messe und Congress HMC.
In 2019 he was one of the initial signatories of Scientists for Future, and since then member of their advisory board.
Above this, he is founder and Managing Director of United Sustainability Group, an investment and consultancy company emphasizing strategic impact investment for sustainable development.
Daniel Dahm (co-)founded several civil society organizations and enterprises and holds various positions in several non-profit-organizations.
2011 he was Co-founder and Chairman of the first international trade fair for sustainable consume goods “good-goods“ at Hamburg Messe und Congress HMC.
2012 until 2015 he was Co-founder and Chairman of the advisory board of Ecostyle Trade fair for sustainable design at Messe Frankfurt Exhibition.
2011 till 2015 he was Member of the AK Financial Policy at the Advisory Board for Sustainable Development of the Federal State of Brandenburg.
2009 he was Co-founder of Desertec Foundation, an international endeavour to realize a worldwide energy transition by the utilization of renewable energies.
2007 he was Co-founder of the internet platform for sustainable consume www.utopia.de and Curator of the Utopia-Foundation.
Also 2007 he was Founding Member of the board of Eco-Social Forum Germany (ÖSF Deutschland).
Selected publications
Dahm, D. (1999): Desertifikation in The Gambia. Wohlstandskriterien und Wirtschaftsstrategien im oekologischen Konflikt. Cologne.
Dahm, D. (2000): Westliche Werte in Afrika oder afrikanische Werte im Westen? In: Jenseits des Wachstums, Politische Oekologie Nr. 66, 2000. Munich.
Dahm, D. (2003): Zukunftsfaehige Lebensstile – Staedtische Subsistenz für mehr Lebensqualitaet. Cologne.
Dahm, D. (2004): Oekonomie der Zivilgesellschaft. Zukuenfte, Nr. 47, Summer 2004. Berlin.
Dahm, D., with Hans-Peter Dürr, zur Lippe, R. (2005): Potsdam Manifesto 2005 “We have to learn to think in a new way” & Potsdam Denkschrift 2005. Oekom. Munich.
Dahm, D. (2006): Zivile Keimzellen der Halbtagsgesellschaft – Potentiale Buergerschaftlicher Einrichtungen. In: Stahmer, C.; Hartard, S.; Schaffer, A. (2006): Die Halbtagsgesellschaft – Konkrete Utopie für eine zukunftsfaehige Gesellschaft. Nomos. Baden-Baden.
Dahm, D. with Hans-Peter Dürr, zur Lippe, R. (2007): Global Justice, Equality and World Domestic Policy – The Potsdam Manifesto. In: Global Marshall Plan Initiative (2007): Towards a World in Balance. Hamburg.
Dahm, D., with Gerhard Scherhorn (2008): Urbane Subsistenz. Die zweite Quelle des Wohlstands. Munich.
Dahm, D. (2008b): Towards the governance of local and global commons. Berlin.
Dahm, D. (2009): Towards Sustainable Business Cultures. BMW Foundation Herbert Quandt. Berlin.
Dahm, D. (2009b): Prinzipien einer ökologisch sozialen Marktwirtschaft. Basispapier zu einer zukunftsfähigen Wirtschaftsordnung. Berlin.
Dahm, D. (2010): Evolution von Digitalem Empowerment und virtuellen Netzwerken. Infrastrukturen einer zukunftsfáhigen Ökonomie. In: Burda, H. et al. (2010): 2020 - Gedanken zur Zukunft des Internets. Essen.
Dahm, D. with Bannas, S. (2011): The decline of the Fossil Age is the rise of distributive justice. In: International Development Policy Series. Graduate Institute of International Development Studies. Geneva. http://poldev.revues.org/835
Dahm, D.: (2015) Corporate Sustainable Restructuring CSR. Springer, München / Berlin.
Dahm, D. (2019): Benchmark Nachhaltigkeit: Sustainability Zeroline. Das Maß für eine zukunftsfaehige Oekonomie. Monographie. Transcript. Bielefeld.
References
External links
BMW Foundation Fellow for Responsible Leadership
Utopia-Foundation
German Association of The Club of Rome
Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
Amina-Foundation
i.r.i.s. e.V.
Ecosocial Forum Germany / Oekosoziales Forum Deutschland*Natural History Museum London
Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg
Actual informations and downloads towards Potsdam Manifesto and Potsdam Denkschrift (selected press review, criticism, commentaries and additions, list of signees).
Daniel Dahm at Scientific Commons
"Sustainable Lifestyles - Urban Subsistence for higher Life Quality"
1969 births
Living people
Ecological economists
Scientists from Cologne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Dahm |
Ninth Avenue Line refers to the following transit lines:
IRT Ninth Avenue Line, the first elevated railway in New York City, opened 1868 as the West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway, closed 1940
Ninth Avenue Line (Brooklyn surface), a portion of the Vanderbilt Avenue Line, a former streetcar line along Ninth Avenue (now Prospect Park West); now a bus line with this section rerouted to 7th Avenue
Ninth Avenue Line (Manhattan surface), a streetcar line that opened in 1859, replaced by a bus route in 1935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninth%20Avenue%20Line |
TaskMaker is a role-playing video game for the Macintosh. It was developed by American software company Storm Impact. Originally published in 1989 by XOR Corporation, it was upgraded and re-released as shareware in 1993 by Storm Impact, featuring color graphics and compatibility with newer versions of the classic Mac OS. The player controls a protagonist who is under the mentorship of the eponymous TaskMaker, a ruler who assigns ten different quests. Completing these quests involves solving various gameplay puzzles, along with battling monsters, and the final task involves a battle against the TaskMaker himself. TaskMaker received mixed reception regarding its overall storyline and gameplay.
Storm Impact released a sequel, The Tomb of the Taskmaker, in 1997. In this game, the protagonist has succeeded the TaskMaker in becoming ruler of the land, and is once again assigned ten different quests to retrieve magical artifacts before facing off in a final battle. Although Storm Impact closed not long after the latter game's release, both have remained in distribution through the website of David Cook, one of the game's programmers.
Plot
The player controls a young hero who has arrived to be trained and eventually become the leader of the game's main setting, Outer Terra. The TaskMaker, leader of the game's world, serves as the player's mentor. The TaskMaker assigns the player ten tasks, the first nine of which are quests to obtain an item from a different dungeon or town. In doing so, the player encounters game elements such as illusionary walls, teleports, traps, and switches, as well as monsters and other non-playable characters with whom the player can interact. After retrieving an item, the player returns it to the TaskMaker, who then assigns the next task.
In the game's next-to-last task, the TaskMaker asks the player to kill a prisoner on his island. Returning to the TaskMaker after killing the prisoner reveals the TaskMaker to be evil, and the game ends; not killing the prisoner results in a battle with the TaskMaker as the final task, and leads to the game's true ending. Once the TaskMaker is killed, the player is declared "master" of the land, and a special menu is unlocked in the game, allowing for the player to edit all the dungeons and villages.
Gameplay
The player's overall status is measured by seven status bars. All stats save for food will replenish through time and resting:
Food: Food is the character's appetite and requires food in order to fill. Although food does not affect combat, it allows the character to rest and heal. When depleted, the character will be unable to rest and continually lose health until he either receives more food or he dies.
Health: Health illustrates the character's wellbeing and how close to death they become. Health is lost by falling into traps and getting hit by enemies. Once it falls to or below zero, the player is transported to Hell. Hell is a maze lined with flaming walls containing 4 exits in each corner with a demon guard. Only one exit will be open and thus one demon to battle.
Spirit: Spirit is required for both battle, special commands and spellcasting.
Strength: Strength is important in battle and in some cases spellcasting.
Agility: Agility is need for battle, spellcasting and special commands such as stealing.
Intellect: Intellect is important for spellcasting and battle.
Stamina: Stamina reflects how long a character can sustain a battle until resting is required. While the other four stats are required for spellcasting, stamina is solely required for weapon based fighting and such can only be upgraded by leveling up, magical components, or battle.
Each bar's length can be increased by leveling up (after a certain amount of fighting and/or spell casting) or by taking potions or reading scrolls to increase their strength. Money takes on the form of valuables such as copper pieces and gold bars which takes up room in the character's inventory. In this form, they can be traded and bestowed onto others although they can not be spent. When the player dies while holding these gems, they will be lost to scavengers. It is imperative they are deposited in "Auto Tellers" in order to convert them into currency and thus safe from looting. The world's currency can be spent at numerous stores around the world to purchase both weapons, armour, magical components, and nourishment.
Gameplay items include magical potions, scrolls, and wands (which can help to replenish the status bars, increase the bars' lengths, or aid in fighting monsters) as well as useless items which can only be eliminated by depositing them in recycling bins. Miscellaneous items such as checkers can be bought, although they serve no purpose other than gifts.
Bestowing gifts onto others will increase their happiness and lower their hostility to the player. Low level non-playable characters and enemies only require cheap items to make them happy, while the higher level ones demand pricier gifts. The player also can cast one of several spells, including both built-in and hidden spells.
Reception
The original XOR version of TaskMaker was reviewed negatively in MacWEEK, which compared it unfavorably to contemporary Macintosh role-playing video games The Bard's Tale, Might and Magic, and Pool of Radiance. MacWEEK noted the game's quick and controllable fun, but claimed that it lacked richness and had less enticing graphics compared to the other titles. The Macintosh IIx version of the game got 4 out of 5 stars in Dragon; the reviewers gave the game 4 out of 5 stars, saying that it was "not hard" but adding, "it is proven that those who write game code specifically for one computer system and don’t rely on a port of another system’s code usually publish a better-than-average game." The Lessers also noted that the game's graphics were reminiscent of the Mac game OrbQuest, in that "[y]ou have a top-down view of your area, in black and white and shades of gray."
"Though not state-of-the-art in gaming technology", Computer Gaming Worlds Chuck Miller in June 1994 said, the shareware TaskMaker 2.0 "is nonetheless a very solid, professional production ... an enjoyable, if slightly dated RPG" comparable to Ultima III through V. Inside Mac Games rated the shareware version of the game four out of five and called the re-release "a superb update to the original". Inside Mac Games selected the re-released Taskmaker as best shareware game of 1993. Allgame critic Lisa Karen Savignano gave the Storm Impact version of the game four-and-a-half stars out of five. She said that although it did not have a very strong replay value, it had solid graphics and sound, as well as complex puzzles and a well-detailed manual to aid in gameplay.
The Tomb of the TaskMaker
Storm Impact released a sequel entitled The Tomb of the TaskMaker in 1997. In The Tomb of the Taskmaker, the protagonist is now the leader of the land, and is informed by messengers of various tasks that he or she has to do to restore peace. As with TaskMaker, the tasks in the sequel involve retrieving artifacts that must be brought back to the throne, but unlike in the predecessor, said artifacts are destroyed afterward. After the ninth task, the player is told by a messenger that the TaskMaker has come back to life in his tomb and that he is the one depositing these evil artifacts around the world. The final task involves entering the tomb, where the player discovers that the TaskMaker is dead, and a captain guard who has been protecting the TaskMaker's bones states that he is the true mastermind and attempts to kill the player with his cohort of guards. The player then has to defeat the captain guard and his assistants to win the game; as in the first game, defeating the final villain unlocks a Master menu.
The Tomb of the TaskMaker features additional gameplay aspects, while retaining many elements of the first game such as the use of weapons, potions, spells and wands, and most of the monster designs. New options include the ability to choose a male or female character, as well as the role of magician, fighter or thief. A fighter can use every form of weapon and armor, a magician can cast certain spells that other players cannot, and a thief can pick locks and steal objects. Although only the fighter can wield and wear every piece of weapon and armour in the game, the most powerful ones can be wielded and worn by all three classes.
The game was released just before Storm Impact closed, and never made it past version 1.0 until Cook posted an updated test version (which fixed several bugs from the original version and added two new dungeons) on his personal website in July 2008.
With Storm Impact's closure that same year, both TaskMaker games are no longer supported. According to Cook's official website, both are still covered by intellectual property rights, including copyrights.
References
External links
Storm Impact (includes info about TaskMaker)
1989 video games
1993 video games
Classic Mac OS games
Classic Mac OS-only games
Role-playing video games
Single-player video games
Video games developed in the United States
XOR Corporation games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TaskMaker |
The Outfit or Outfit may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
The Outfit (1973 film), a crime film starring Robert Duvall
The Outfit (2022 film), an American crime drama film
The Outfit (video game), a game for the Xbox 360 console
Outfit, a term used in the PlanetSide 2 game, referring to a gaming group, or clan, within the game
The Outfit, a graphic novel by Darwyn Cooke
The Outfit, a novel in the Parker series by Donald E. Westlake, writing as Richard Stark
"Outfit", a song by the Drive By Truckers on the album Decoration Day
The Outfit, a criminal organization in the television series, Viper
Other uses
Outfit (retailer), a chain of out-of-town clothing stores in the UK
Outfit, a crime syndicate or other organization
The Outfit, alternate name for the Chicago Outfit crime syndicate in the US | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Outfit |
Frank S. Perkins (April 21, 1908 in Salem, Massachusetts – March 15, 1988 in Los Angeles, California) was an American song composer best known for the song "Stars Fell on Alabama" (with lyrics by Mitchell Parish) and his band classic, Fandango.
Career
Perkins earned his Ph.B from Brown University in Providence, RI in economics in 1929. Although he was an accomplished pianist, by graduation he could play organ, trombone, saxophone and all the percussion instruments. He studied with noted composer and educator Tibor Serly, who was a student of Zoltán Kodály and also worked with Béla Bartók. Upon graduation, Perkins toured Europe and returned to form his own dance band and become a songwriter. In 1934 he joined Fred Waring and His Pennsylvanians and remained with them as arranger until 1938 when he joined Warner Brothers as a composer and conductor, where he remained for many years.
Decca Records called upon Perkins to record some of his own light compositions on LPs in the 1950s. Some of those he recorded were "Kentucky Trotter," "The Deserted Patio," "Barbara," "Pop-Gun Patrol," "Fandango," "Feliciana," "Escapade," and "The Frustrated Floorwalker". These were all from his first album which was released.
Perkins also worked in film music. He was the composer of the score for The Incredible Mr. Limpet (1964) and conducted orchestras for films, including the 1962 adaptation of Gypsy and the 1963 spring break film Palm Springs Weekend. In the TV genre, he did music scoring and arrangements for 77 Sunset Strip (WB-TV).
References
External links
1908 births
1988 deaths
American film score composers
American television composers
20th-century classical musicians
20th-century American composers
Musicians from Salem, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Perkins%20%28composer%29 |
The MV Vacationland is a Canadian RORO ferry that operated across the Northumberland Strait between the ports of Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick and Port Borden, Prince Edward Island.
Built in 1971 by the Government of Canada for Canadian National Railways (CNR) at Port Weller Dry Docks near St. Catharines, Ontario, Vacationland was designed for the sheltered waters of the Northumberland Strait; and as such her vehicle decks are open on both sides and she lacks a hurricane bow. She measures 99.06 metres (325 feet) in length, 20.9 metres (67 feet) in beam, and displaces 2775 tons. She has a capacity for 485 passengers and 155 vehicles or 16 tractor trailers. She is a sister ship to the MV Holiday Island. She is powered by two Ruston V-16 16CSVM Ruston diesel train engines that produce 3625 horsepower each giving a total of 7250 horsepower. Her propellers are of the Voith-Schnieder Cycloidal design which are located in the bow and stern of the ship. They are variable pitch that turn opposite one another that propels the ship and steers it as well. The table diameter that the blades are housed in is 14.5 feet. Her sister ship the MV Holiday Island has the same propulsion machinery and main engines.
The MV Vacationland had her sea trials at Port Weller Drydocks in mid April 1971 and her sister ship MV Holiday Island had her sea trials during the first week of April 1971. Their keels were laid at the Port Weller Drydock in November 1969. The MV Vacationland entered service on the Cape Tormentine-Borden run after the MV Holiday Island which had arrived the week before her in May 1971.
CNR changed the name of its ferry services to CN Marine in 1977 and then to Marine Atlantic in 1986. The opening of the Confederation Bridge on June 1, 1997 saw Marine Atlantic close its ferry service and all of its vessels on this route except Holiday Island were disposed and sold off by the Crown Assets division of the Department of Public Works and Government Services.
Vacationland'''s sister ship Holiday Island sailed 100 kilometres to the east end of the strait and began service that month under the colours of Northumberland Ferries Ltd., however Vacationland sailed to Sydney, Nova Scotia and help haul cargo from the Marine Atlantic Borden terminal and was stored there until being sold in 1998 to the Government of New Brunswick.
Upon her purchase by the Government of New Brunswick Vacationland was renamed MV Fundy Paradise with the intention of using her for service between Blacks Harbour and Grand Manan Island. Funding for making modifications to the docks at both terminals for accepting the ship was never approved and she was towed to the Steel and Engine Products Ltd. shipyard in Liverpool, Nova Scotia where she was mothballed until the Government of New Brunswick decided to dispose of her in 2001.Fundy Paradise'' was towed back to Sydney from Liverpool and remained docked at Sydport while listed for sale until 2005 when she was sold to a company from Quebec City. In summer 2009, she was towed from Sydney to Trois-Rivières where she is undergoing a major refit and conversion for rock and sand transportation on the Saint Lawrence River.
Ferries of Prince Edward Island
Ferries of New Brunswick
CN Marine
Marine Atlantic
Ships built in Ontario
1971 ships
Transport in Prince County, Prince Edward Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV%20Vacationland |
L'hôpital means "The Hospital" in French.
L'Hôpital may refer to:
Places
Lhôpital, a commune in the Ain department, France
L'Hôpital, Moselle, a commune in the Moselle department, France
People
Michel de L'Hôpital (–1573), French humanist and politician
Guillaume de l'Hôpital (1661–1704), French mathematician
Other uses
L'Hôpital's rule, a theorem in mathematics developed in 1696 by Johann Bernoulli and presented to and named after Guillaume de l'Hôpital
See also
Hospitalier, a Christian order of French knights
Hospital (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27H%C3%B4pital |
Paffard Keatinge-Clay (5 February 1926 – 17 March 2023) was a British-born architect in the modernist tradition who spent most of his professional life in the United States, before moving to southern Spain, where he increasingly focused on sculpture.
Practicing architecture in San Francisco from 1960 until 1975, Paffard Keatinge-Clay left behind a legacy of architectural work in the Bay Area, some of which is realised, but for a large body only paper documentation exists. These buildings and projects are indices of a career marked in equal measure by synthesis and ambition and which is characterised by a series of apprenticeships with major architectural figures that were active between late 1940 and early 1960: Le Corbusier, Frank Lloyd Wright, and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. He also shared an association with a host of other notable designers including: Myron Goldsmith, Mies van der Rohe, Siegfried Giedion, Richard Neutra, Charles and Ray Eames, Ernő Goldfinger, and Raphael Soriano. He lived for many years near Mijas, in Spain, where he maintained an architect's office and developed interests in "very pure large-scale sculpture".
Early life
Paffard Keatinge-Clay was born on 5 February 1926. He grew up in the Wiltshire village of Teffont Evias, near Salisbury, in the south of England, where his father was rector, in a 16th-century house without electricity or indoor plumbing.
Keatinge-Clay received his education at Wellington College and at the Architectural Association in London, dual majoring in Architecture and Structural Engineering. He graduated in 1949. He began his professional career while in school at the London office of architect Ernő Goldfinger.
Architectural career
Keatinge-Clay worked for approximately one year in the studio of famed French architect Le Corbusier at 7 Rue de Sèvres in Paris, France in 1948. While there, his work focused primarily on the Unite d’Habitacion in Marseilles and on the plan for the town of Saint Die. Leaving Europe after having graduated, Keatinge-Clay travelled across America and apprenticed for a year at Frank Lloyd Wright's Taliesin studios in both Madison and Scottsdale, Arizona. His time in the American west under the influence of Wright culminated in a year-long effort to make a Homestead claim on a piece of government property in the Arizona desert. Here, he built a pavilion in the desert – an elemental study of components that would later become the template for his own home – on the slopes of Mount Tamalpais in Corte Madera in Marin County.
Having left Arizona in the early 1950s, Keatinge-Clay moved to Chicago where he worked at the Chicago Offices of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill on both the Inland Steel and Harris Bank and Trust Buildings with Bruce Graham and Walter Netsch. It was in Chicago that he was in contact socially and professionally with Mies van der Rohe through his father-in-law, Siegfried Gideon, and the architect/engineer Myron Goldsmith. He later transferred to their San Francisco office where he executed the Great Western Savings and Loan Building in Gardena, California. In 1961, he left the firm and began his own office.
Keatinge-Clay's own office in San Francisco was located at 680 Beach Street in what is now the Fisherman's Wharf area. Concurrently with starting up his own practice, he was teaching and lecturing in schools around the Bay Area including the University of California at Berkeley, and San Luis Obispo.
During the 14-year period from 1961 to 1975, Keatinge-Clay produced several buildings several of which remain today. The first was the previously mentioned 1965 home for himself. This was followed by a medical office building in the San Fernando Valley in 1966 and the 1968 addition to the San Francisco Art Institute, an art academy situated in the heart of the city's elite Russian Hill neighbourhood. Finally, in what would turn out to be both the most ambitious and professionally tumultuous project of his career, he was selected to design the Student Union building at San Francisco State University. Difficulties, both technical and legal, resulted in his eventual departure from the US to Canada, followed by an exodus through North Africa sometime in the late 1970s.
During the latter portion of his time in San Francisco, Keatinge-Clay was recognised abroad when he placed as an honoured finalist in two competitions in the UK, both in 1972. In what could be seen as a return to his homeland, the first of these proposals was his design in London for an administrative office addition to Parliament at Westminster. The second was for a new art museum in Glasgow, Scotland, for which he received an honourable mention.
Personal life and death
Keatinge-Clay married Verena, daughter of Siegfried Giedion and Carola Giedion-Welcker.
After leaving California in the 1970s, he lived near Mijas, Spain. He died there 17 March 17 2023, at the age of 97.
Built works
A list of his works in the San Francisco Bay Area was prepared by Docomomo Northern California: https://www.docomomo-noca.org/paffard-keatinge-clay
GWS
Description: A single story concrete branch bank building whose dominant feature is a post tensioned concrete roof with a clear span of and an overall dimension of square. The roof is supported by eight concrete piers with top and bottom pin connections.
Designed by Keatinge-Clay while he was as an employee of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, San Francisco with design partner Chuck Bassett.
Strauss Residence
Paffard designed this house on Digby Street in San Francisco for Anne and Sherman Strauss, who lived here from 1963 to 2007. Since then the house was extensively remodeled, like enclosing the open courtyard, adding a second unit. However, the living room and details such as the stair and some flooring are in original condition.
SFAI
The 1969 SFAI project is an informed response to a unique and topographically challenging urban site to create a new city scape as functional as it is compelling. Here, an elongated north–south ramp (similar to LeCorbusier's 1961 Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts) is driven into and through (instead of between) the "working" art studios. Workshop space is shaped as a mass supporting a great, publicly accessible belvedere from which the entire city can be viewed in a 200-degree. This horizontal datum is then broken, horizon-like, by an architectural landscape of steps, terraces and pavilions that frame views of Alcatraz, Coit Tower, and the shifting pastoral maritime landscape of San Francisco Bay beyond. In so doing, the roof becomes the frame through which the viewer perceives both the city and its occupants. Quotations from similar Corbusian buildings of the period are everywhere such as the light cannons of LaTourette or the hand railings standard in the Atelier. On the other hand, concrete columns in the open studio spaces are monolithic cruciforms typical of Mies Van der Rohe rather than the rounded pilotis of Le Corbusier.
SFSU
Like its predecessor, the Art Institute, the building for San Francisco State shares a preoccupation with the horizontal in the creation of an artificial datum. The result of a competition and the byproduct of Moshe Safdie, who had previously been awarded the commission, Keatinge-Clay claimed the design to be the result of countless hours of collective workshops and collaborative student input. The student workshops resulted in two trapezoidal concrete pyramids: one that aligned sectionally with an axis to Polaris, the North Star, to create a space for "quiet, introspective activities", the other was composed of an occupiable roof terrace/theater, for "boisterous, public activities". More than half the program is buried below ground on a prominent site at the heart of the campus facing the main quadrangle. The whole is accessed through a pair of high enamelled steel offset pivot doors that open into a great public room on the interior of the building from which all functions were to be accessed. Structural expression was designed in the form of a triangulated series of poured-in-place concrete columns, ordered on a decidedly Wrightian "triagrid" plan module that hearkens back to the Usonian house studies of the late 1940s.
TP
The Guide to Architecture in the San Francisco Bay Area of 1975 describes it with a single line: "Little more than a concrete moon viewing platform built for the Architect himself". Subsequently, the house has undergone a significant series of renovations and additional construction that no longer hint at its minimal beginnings. A symmetrical concrete pavilion stands atop a platform-like base, on which the "body" of the house is then supported by eight poured-in-place concrete columns that extend down to the topography running continuously below the floor. Domestic "space" occupies the sandwich between the two equally disposed square concrete slabs. The perceived thinness of the planes is achieved by means of an interlocking grid of post-tensioned concrete beams set both above the roof and below the floor to ensure the provision of uniform, column free "universal space" trapped between. Vertical supports are held back from the corners, allowing the ends to be cantilevered in space. Clear spanning glass panels, fixed and movable span vertically between the slabs, sliding open to the view, the fog and the breeze while allowing movement out onto open, covered terrace areas outside the glass envelope. The house was used briefly as a set for a locally produced feature film called the Crazy Quilt in 1966, made by John Korty who, as a neighbour, watched the house being built of poured cement and was inspired to write the screenplay of a man who loses houses to fire, earthquake and termites, then builds one that cannot be destroyed. Rocker Sammy Hagar rented the house in the mid-1970s, then bought it in 1977 with an advance from his album Musical Chairs. He continues to live in it.
FHA
A simple slab building standing free of the ground on sculptural concrete pilotis, the building shows most clearly the experience of the architect with the Unite building type. Other than its clarity of massing and simple façade articulation, there is little to suggest that it carries any particular pedigree other than the hand railings that are seen in all of the aforementioned projects. PKC office also masterplanned the entire site of additions to the Warnecke building on Geary, as well as designing the two level below grade parking structure and central garden.
NMA
A medical office building, it is a three-story high cast-in-place concrete structure with diagonal fins similar to those on the Art Institute at the upper two floors. The first floor had vertical mullions whose side-to-side spacing varied like Le Corbusier's La Tourette.
This project was done in association with the office of Dion Neutra in Los Angeles.
Artworks
Charcoal drawings
Murals
1990 KWR The Granite Wall
1997 Düsseldorf Offices
2000 The Ox and the Maid
2003
2003 The Lorelei
2007 The Loves of Juergen
2008 Color murals
2011 Symbols and Numbers
Literature
Theatre "A Solas" 1985
Poetry "El Viaje" 1992
Art constructions
1990 The Wind Warrior
1992 Dancing Flower
1992 Fibonacci
2000 The Whale
2003 Helix
2004 6SW Six Swans at Dancing Ox
2004 6SW Six Swans at Reinweg
2006 The Twins
2007 Double Helix
2007 P&P
2010 Four Farhen
Furniture design
1990 KWR Stools
1992 Isami Noguchi inspirated table
1999 AT Glass Table
2006 HHT Tisch Hexagon
Prehistory works
Stonehenge
Paffard Keatinge-Clay studied the prehistory of technology in a revolutionary way and prepared a document that threw a new light on what is known as Stonehenge.
Other projects
Campus collocation planning studies in association with James Leefe, architect of the Pacific Lutheran Theological Center "Chapel of the Cross" at 2900 Marin in North Berkeley. Immaculate College and Pomona Colleges were for a time studying the idea of combining. The office was commissioned to design new dormitory buildings for this project in association with the office of Charles and Ray Eames.
Bibliography
Paffard Keatinge-Clay, Modern Architecture/Modern Masters. Eric Keune (2006), Sci-Arc Press.
The Stones of Avebury (unpublished)
The Odyssey of an architect (unpublished)
References
External links
https://www.docomomo-noca.org/paffard-keatinge-clay
"What A Privilege", The Guardian (March 5, 2009)
"Stonehenge: What was it?", (June 16, 2015)
"Paffard Keatinge-Clay" professional blog, (July 4, 2007)
"CENA CON... PAFFARD KEATINGE-CLAY" Spanish National Newspaper El Pais (June 22, 2011)
1926 births
2023 deaths
People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
Modernist architects from England
People from Salisbury
Architecture in the San Francisco Bay Area
People from Corte Madera, California
British expatriates in the United States
20th-century English architects | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paffard%20Keatinge-Clay |
MV Holiday Island was a Canadian RORO ferry that operated across the Northumberland Strait between the ports of Wood Islands, Prince Edward Island and Caribou, Nova Scotia. The vessel was owned by the Government of Canada and was managed and operated by Northumberland Ferries Limited.
Construction and design
The roll-on/roll-off ferry was ordered for construction by the Government of Canada and the vessel's keel was laid down at Port Weller Dry Docks in St. Catharines, Ontario, in April 1970. The ship was launched with the name William Pope on 28 June 1970 and later renamed Holiday Island to reflect the vessel's purpose, which was to augment transportation services for summer tourists. Construction was completed on 27 April 1971. Holiday Island measured long overall and between perpendiculars, with a beam of as built. The vessel's length overall increased to and has a draught of .
The ship was ordered as a result of increased tourist traffic to Prince Edward Island and the vessel's open decks allowed for the storage of more vehicles. Holiday Islands roll-on/roll-off capability allowed for a more efficient and quicker loading and unloading process. The ship was assessed at , , and has . She has a capacity for 399 passengers and 155 vehicles. The vessel has a complement of 22. The ship was initially powered by a diesel engine turning one propeller creating . She is a sister ship to .
Service history
Initially owned by the Government of Canada, ownership was transferred to CN Marine in 1979 and then to Marine Atlantic in 1987. Holiday Island served on a service at the western end of the Northumberland Strait, crossing at Abegweit Passage, between the ports of Cape Tormentine, New Brunswick and Port Borden, Prince Edward Island (PEI).
The opening of the Confederation Bridge on 1 June 1997 saw Marine Atlantic close its ferry services to Prince Edward Island, and all of its vessels on this route except Holiday Island were sold off by the Crown Assets division of the Department of Public Works and Government Services. Holiday Island sailed to the east end of the strait and began service that month under the colours of Northumberland Ferries Limited, replacing two smaller ferries (MV Prince Nova, which was sold to a ferry company operating in Long Island Sound, and MV Prince Edward, which was sold to the Government of Newfoundland and Labrador).
In 2016, Holiday Island was removed from service and sent to a shipyard in Quebec so that necessary repairs could be made after significant corrosion was found in the ballast tanks. In early October 2016, Holiday Island arrived in Wood Islands, PEI, after undergoing repairs and re-entered service later that month. She also sports the new livery of Northumberland Ferries, along with .
2022 fire
On 22 July 2022, a fire broke out in the engine room on board Holiday Island as it was approaching the harbour at Wood Islands. Over 200 people were evacuated by lifeboats and other vessels. There were no reported injuries. All ferry departures were cancelled for the rest of the day, as well as the following four days, 23 to 26 July. Initial firefighting efforts were discontinued on 22 July at 9:30 PM out of an abundance of caution for the firefighting crew. The fire was suspected to be burning in the engine room and funnels for days after the initial incident.
On 23 July, a tugboat towed the vessel from the Wood Islands harbour narrows to allow Confederation to access the harbour so that ferry service could resume. Images of the vessel from 23 July showed a slight list to starboard as bilges were reported to have filled with water from firefighting efforts, along with the vessel itself taking on sea water. On the afternoon of 24 July, crew began the removal of vehicles from the ferry.
With Holiday Island out of service for the remainder of the 2022 operating season, another ferry, , owned by the Société des traversiers du Québec, was loaned to Northumberland Ferries in early August. Following testing and crew training, Saaremaa 1 entered service on 20 August.
Fate
As a result of the fire, it was determined that the ship was damaged beyond repair and Transport Canada has issued a request for proposals to dispose of the ferry.
Citations
References
Ferries of Prince Edward Island
Ferries of Nova Scotia
Ferries of New Brunswick
CN Marine
Marine Atlantic
Ships built in Ontario
Transport in Prince County, Prince Edward Island
Transport in Kings County, Prince Edward Island
1970 ships | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV%20Holiday%20Island |
Howard M. Thompson is an American wargame designer and founder of Metagaming Concepts. His first game was Stellar Conquest, a popular and well-designed simulation of interstellar warfare.
Thompson is most famous for his idea to publish small, low-cost games in what came to be known as the MicroGame format. For a while, Metagaming dominated this niche wargaming market.
Career
Howard Thompson founded Metagaming Concepts in 1975 to publish his game Stellar Conquest when no one was interested in publishing the game. Thompson, as the first editor of The Space Gamer magazine, stated "The magazine had been planned for after our third or fourth game but circumstances demand we do it now." In 1976, Thompson published Godsfire, designed by Lynn Willis and developed by Steve Jackson. In 1977, Thompson came up with the concept of the MicroGame, the first of which was Ogre.
In the early 1980s, some speculate that the company started to run into financial trouble, partially because of the generally poor economic situation at that time, and because of the split with one of his main game designers, Steve Jackson. Thompson was not satisfied with the work done on The Fantasy Trip by Jackson, stating that it was too complex and had taken too long. Thompson decided that packaging the game in a box would be too expensive, so he split the product into four books, publishing them individually in 1980 as Advanced Melee, Advanced Wizard, In the Labyrinth, and Tollenkar's Lair; while the game was being prepared, Thompson also changed his production methods and thus Jackson was no longer able to check the final proofs of the game as he had on earlier releases. As a result of these actions, Jackson left Metagaming and founded Steve Jackson Games later that year. Jackson bought The Space Gamer from Metagaming, and sold the rights to The Fantasy Trip to Metagaming. However, Thompson sought legal action against SJG for the rights to a short wargame called One-Page Bulge, and the lawsuit was settled with an agreement that was reached on November 26, 1981 which gave Jackson full rights to One-Page Bulge, and to Ogre and G.E.V. (whose ownership was questioned during the legal proceedings). In the first SJG issue of The Space Gamer, Thompson wrote a report on Metagaming and stated "Metagaming's staff won't miss the effort. After the change in ownership Metagaming feels comfortable with the decision; it was the right thing to do."
Thompson wrote MicroQuest #3 Treasure of the Silver Dragon (1980) and MicroQuest #6 Treasure of Unicorn Gold (1981) for The Fantasy Trip and marketed each of them linked to a real treasure hunt where readers could find out the clues in the books and receive $10,000 from Metagaming. Looking to produce more group-oriented products for The Fantasy Trip, Thompson signed an agreement in 1982 with RPG publisher Gamelords to create a campaign world for the game, but only two campaign books were published.
On 1 January 1982, Thompson created Games Research Group, Inc., which was initially part of Metagaming. On April 16, 1982, Thompson let his two wargame designers go, allowing them to work as freelancers for Games Research Group instead of working as employees. In April 1983, Metagaming ceased operations and Thompson left the industry; Steve Jackson tried to purchase The Fantasy Trip from Thompson, but Jackson declined the offered price of $250,000. Thompson promised to return to the field to produce computer games, but by 1984 he stopped returning phone calls and has subsequently disappeared entirely from the gaming community.
Games designed
Stellar Conquest (1974)
Chitin: I (1977)
WarpWar (1977)
Treasure of the Silver Dragon (1980) (module for The Fantasy Trip role-playing game)
Treasure of the Unicorn Gold (1981) (module for The Fantasy Trip)
Starleader: Assault! (1982)
Illustrations
Thompson also provided illustrations for two of his company's games, Helltank and Monsters! Monsters!
References
External links
Board game designers
Place of birth missing
Possibly living people
Year of birth missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20Thompson%20%28wargame%20designer%29 |
Bronx Community Board 10 is a local government unit of the New York City borough of the Bronx, encompassing the neighborhoods of City Island, Co-op City, Pelham Bay, Throggs Neck and Westchester Square. It is delimited by the Hutchinson River and Pelham Bay Park to the east, New England Thruway, Hutchinson River Parkway, and Westchester Creek to the west, the Bronx/Westchester County Line to the north and the East River to the south.
Community board staff and membership
The current chairperson of the Bronx Community Board 10 is Joseph Russo. Its District Manager is Matthew Cruz. Cruz is the 4th District Manager in the Board's history and the first of Latino descent.
The City Council members representing the community district are non-voting, ex officio board members. The council members and their council districts are:
12th NYC Council District - Kevin Riley (politician)
13th NYC Council District - Marjorie Velazquez
18th NYC Council District - Amanda Farias
Demographics
As of the United States 2000 Census, the Community Board has a population of 115,948, up from 108,093 in 1990 and 106,516 in 1980.
Of them, 22,754 (19.6%) are Black, 56,063 (48.4%) are White, non-Hispanic, 3,462 (3%) are Asian or Pacific Islander, 164 (0.1%) American Indian or Alaska Native, 525 (0.5%) are some other race, and 2,172 (1.9%) of two or more races. 30,808 (26.6%) are of Hispanic origin.
References
External links
Community boards of the Bronx
Co-op City, Bronx
Throggs Neck, Bronx
City Island, Bronx | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronx%20Community%20Board%2010 |
(born March 9, 1958, in Shizuoka, Japan) is a Japanese singer and actress, better known by her stage name . She is a member of the popular 1970s idol group , known in the United States for their self-titled TV program. Mie is represented by her own management firm MHO Artist Co., Ltd.
Biography
Early life
Mitsuyo Nemoto met Keiko Masuda at Suehiro Junior High School in 1972. A year later, they attended Tokoha University and the Yamaha Music School in Hamamatsu. In May 1974, the duo formed a folk group called and passed Yamaha's audition.
Pink Lady
After winning an audition on the talent show Star Tanjō! in March 1976, Nemoto and Masuda signed with Victor Entertainment and became Pink Lady. Nemoto took the stage name while Masuda became . After their debut single "Pepper Keibu" peaked at No. 4 on Oricon's singles charts in August 1976, Pink Lady's second single "S.O.S." reached No. 1, beginning a nine-song streak of No. 1 hits from November 1976 to December 1978. Their biggest single was "UFO" which spent 10 weeks at No. 1 and sold over 1.55 million copies.
When their popularity took a downturn in 1979, Pink Lady turned their focus on the United States, with their first U.S. single "Kiss in the Dark" reaching No. 37 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming the first Japanese recording act to chart in America since Kyu Sakamoto in 1963. In 1980, the duo starred with comedian Jeff Altman in the NBC variety show Pink Lady and Jeff. Unfortunately, the show was plagued by the language barrier between the duo and the production crew. Poor ratings and scathing reviews resulted in Pink Lady and Jeff being cancelled after five episodes, with a sixth episode remaining unaired.
Following the failure of Pink Lady and Jeff, as well as the decline of disco music, Pink Lady held a press conference on September 1, 1980, to announce their disbandment within six months. During the press conference, Mie stated that her stage name would change from "ミー" to "MIE" to reflect her solo career. Pink Lady performed their final concert at Korakuen Stadium on March 31, 1981, before going their separate ways. Mie and Kei have since reunited several times to record new songs and perform special concerts.
Solo career
Following Pink Lady's disbandment, Mie released her first solo album "I MY MIE" on August 21, 1981. Her biggest single was a Japanese-language cover of Moving Pictures' "Never" in 1984, which peaked at No. 4 in Oricon's singles chart and sold 270,000 copies. "Never" was also used as the theme song for the TBS drama series . Her song won the Silver Award at the 1984 Tokyo Music Festival. Majority of her singles from 1984 to 1995 were used as either TV drama themes or commercial jingles for companies such as Shiseido, Sanden Corporation, Satsuma Shuzo, and Takefuji.
In 1982, Mie tried her hand in acting in the films and ; the latter being her first lead role. With these two films, she shed her wholesome family-friendly Pink Lady image for a sexier, more mature persona. A year later, she starred in her own gravure idol TV special titled Mie: Private Time, which was shot in Hawaii.
In 1985, Mie starred as the kunoichi in seasons 4 and 5 of the jidaigeki TV series Shadow Warriors.
In 1994, Mie starred in Sanrio's direct-to-video children's special , which featured her songs and .
In 1998, Mie joined the heavy metal novelty band Animetal as , a reference to Pink Lady. At the same time, she once again changed the style of her stage name; this time, as the kanji "未唯". On February 21, Animetal Lady Marathon was released, featuring metal covers of popular female-oriented anime theme songs. Animetal Lady Marathon II was released on April 10, 2002, as Mie's final contribution to Animetal.
In 2001, Mie starred as Ethel McCormack in the Japanese adaptation of the Footloose stage musical. The production also featured her Pink Lady partner Keiko Masuda as Vi Moore. She also collaborated with the heavy metal band X.Y.Z.→A to record the single "Nobody Knows Me (but Only Heaven)" that year.
In 2002, at the age of 45, Mie published the gravure book Future Lady: Mothership.
In 2007, Mie produced me ing, her first studio album in 15 years. Released on her own label MHO, the album features songs written by Mie herself. To coincide with the album's release, Victor Entertainment, Sony Music Entertainment Japan, and Universal Music Japan reissued Mie's previous albums with bonus tracks on each CD. A year later, Mie wrote the children's storybook as part of Save the Children's .
In September 2018, Mie was selected by Kao Corporation to be the brand ambassador of the company's line.
On March 11, 2022, Mie participated in the Shuichi "Ponta" Murakami tribute concert "One Last Live", performing "Pepper Keibu" (with Yo Hitoto), "Wanted (Shimei Tehai)" (with Maki Ohguro) and "UFO" (with Chisato Moritaka). On December 26, Victor Entertainment announced it will release a new compilation album titled Mie to 未唯mie: 1981–2023 All Time Best on March 1, 2023.
Mie currently performs with her band at Blues Alley Japan in Tokyo, often doing alternate renditions of Pink Lady songs.
Personal life
Mie married music producer in 1998, but they divorced in 2004.
Mie's brother Katsuyoshi Nemoto runs a restaurant in Tokyo called .
Discography
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Singles
Promotional singles
Collaborations
(collaboration with Naoko Amihama) (1987-03-21)
"Nobody Knows Me (but Only Heaven)" (collaboration with X.Y.Z.→A) (2001-11-29)
(Bad Friends, as part of ) (2009-12-16)
"Raining in the Sunshine" (collaboration with Demon Kakka) (2012-05-16)
Filmography
Film
(Toei Central Film, 1982)
(Shochiku, 1982)
(Shochiku, 1983)
TV
(Fuji TV, 1985 April 2-October 1)
(Fuji TV, 1985 October 7-December 30)
- Mitsuko Kurihara
- Episode 10 (TXN, 2015 June 19)
Home video
(Sanrio, 1994)
(Takeshobo, 2002)
未唯mie with 3/7(seven) LIVE at Blues Alley Japan 2008.11.28 (MHO, 2010)
未唯mie MONTHLY LIVE 2010.06.25 Pink Lady Night (MHO, 2010)
Bibliography
(Shueisha, 1983)
(Takeshobo, 2002)
(Gakken, 2002-11-29)
(Random House/Kodansha, 2008-04-23)
(Tokuma Shoten, 2012-02-21)
References
External links
(Victor Entertainment)
(Sony Music Entertainment Japan)
(Universal Music Japan)
Mie discography at Discogs
English Pink Lady fansite
1958 births
Japanese idols
Japanese women heavy metal singers
Japanese women pop singers
Japanese women rock singers
Japanese musical theatre actresses
Living people
Singers from Shizuoka (city)
20th-century Japanese women singers
20th-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese women singers
21st-century Japanese singers
Animetal members
English-language singers from Japan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mie%20%28singer%29 |
Esplendor Geométrico is a Spanish industrial band. The band was formed in the early 1980s by Arturo Lanz, Gabriel Riaza, and Juan Carlos Sastre, who had all been members of El Aviador Dro y sus Obreros Especializados. They took the name "Geometric Splendor" from Geometric and Mechanical Splendor and the Numerical Sensibility (), a text of the Italian futurist, F.T. Marinetti.
History
In 1981 the band released their first single, "Necrosis en la Poya", in the Tic Tac label, followed by their debut LP, Héroe del Trabajo / El Acero del Partido in 1982. The band was active in the early-eighties international tape scene where they established a rhythmic, experimental electronic sound that foreshadowed the emergence of the powernoise subgenre by over a decade.
In 1985 the band formed their own label, Esplendor Geométrico Discos, and released their second LP, Comisario de la Luz / Blanco de Fuerza.
The band returned with 1997's Polyglophone, the following year, artists such as Coil and Chris and Cosey contributed reworkings of Esplendor Geométrico tracks to the remix album EN-CO-D-Esplendor. In 2002, Compuesto de Hierro was released, while a double CD compilation, Anthology 1981-2003, hit the shops in 2005.
Discography
Necrosis en la poya 7" (1981, reissued in 2020)
EG-1 cassette (1981, reissued on CD in 2000)
El acero del partido/Héroe del trabajo LP (1982, reissued on CD in 2000)
Comisario de la luz/Blanco de fuerza LP (1985)
1980-1981 cassette (1986)
En Roma cassette (1986)
En directo: Madrid y Tolosa cassette (1987)
Kosmos kino LP (1987, reissued on CD in 1996)
Mekano-turbo LP (1988, reissued on CD in 1994)
Madrid mayo '89 cassette (1989)
Live in Utrecht LP (1990, reissued on CD in 1999)
Diez años de esplendor 2 x cassette (1990)
Sheikh Aljama (jeque de aljama) CD (1991)
1980-1982 2 x cassette (1993)
Arispejal astisaró (powerful metal) CD (1993)
Veritatis splendor CD (1994)
1983-1987 CD (1994)
Nador CD (1995)
Tokyo sin fin CD (1996)
Treinta kilómetros de radio CD-EP (1996)
Balearic rhythms CD (1996)
80s tracks CD (1996)
Tarikat 2 x CD (1997)
Polyglophone CD (1997)
Syncrotrón mini-LP (1998)
EN-CO-D-Esplendor (remixes) CD (1998)
Compuesto de hierro CD (2002)
Moscú está helado (remixes) CD (2004)
Anthology 1981-2003 2 x CD (2005)
8 traks & live CD / DVD (2007)
Pulsión CD (2009)
Desarrollos geométricos CD (2011)
Ultraphoon CD (2013)
Fluida Mekaniko CD (2016)
40 Años Nos Iluminan 2 x CD (2020)
Cinética CD (2020)
References
External links
Arturo Lanz RBMA lecture
Spanish electronic music groups
Spanish industrial music groups
Musical groups established in 1980
Spanish musical groups
Musical groups from Madrid
Noise musical groups
Cassette culture 1970s–1990s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplendor%20Geometrico |
Nieuwebrug ("New Bridge") is the name of several towns in the Netherlands:
Nieuwebrug, North Holland in the Haarlemmermeer
Nieuwebrug, Friesland
Nieuwebrug, Overijssel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieuwebrug |
Zheng Haixia (; born March 7, 1967) is a Chinese retired professional women's basketball player for the China women's national basketball team and the Women's National Basketball Association.
International career
In 1983, Haixia made her debut at the Basketball World Championship and finished 3rd. The following year, she and her teammates finished 1st in the Asian Junior Basketball Championship and 3rd in the 23rd Olympic Games.
In 1986, she led the Chinese team to fifth in the 10th World Championship, 1st in the Asian Games, and 2nd in the World Championship.
In 1992, she inspired her teammates to win the silver in the Barcelona Olympics. The following year, she won the East Asian Games, the World University Games and National Games.
In 1994, she claimed the titles in the Asian Championship and ranked 2nd in the World Championship, being named MVP of the event by averaging 26.4 points, 13.1 rebounds and shooting 83.5% from the field.
One year later, she and her teammates retained their title in the 16th Asian Championship.
In 1996, she made her fourth Olympic appearance in Atlanta, Georgia, averaging 18.1 points, 9 rebounds. One year later, she won the 8th National Games with the PLA team.
WNBA career
In 1997 she retired from the Chinese national team and went to play with the Los Angeles Sparks in the WNBA in the United States after being selected by the Sparks with the final pick of the WNBA Elite Draft. Her WNBA debut was played on June 21, 1997 in a 57 - 67 loss to the New York Liberty where she recorded 8 points and 5 rebounds. She played with the Sparks for the 1997 and 1998 seasons, with her final WNBA game ever being played on June 24, 1998 against the Charlotte Sting. The Sparks lost the game 73 - 77 with Haixia playing three and half minutes and recorded only 1 rebound as a statistic.
At the end of 1998, she returned to China and began to coach the PLA women's team. She is currently a coach in China.
In 1997 Haixia received the Kim Perrot Sportsmanship Award becoming the first Asian woman as well as international player to win any award in the WNBA. She led the WNBA in field goal percentage at 61.8%.
Career statistics
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|1997
| style="text-align:left;"|Los Angeles
| 28 || 21 || 19.9 || .618 || — || .661 || 4.4 || 0.6 || 0.4 || 0.7 || 1.6 || 9.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|1998
| style="text-align:left;"|Los Angeles
| 6 || 2 || 16.3 || .625 || — || .714 || 4.3 || 0.5 || 0.0 || 0.2 || 1.0 || 7.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Career
| style="text-align:left;"|2 years, 1 team
| 34 || 23 || 19.3 || .619 || — || .667 || 4.4 || 0.6 || 0.3 || 0.6 || 1.5 || 8.9
Personal life
She started to practice basketball at the age of 12 and was selected by the Wuhan Army club team one year later. In 1983, she entered the national team. She married Xu Qinghua in Beijing on June 19, 2010.
References
External links
Haixia Zheng in WNBA history
2001 archived WNBA bio
1967 births
Living people
Asian Games bronze medalists for China
Asian Games gold medalists for China
Asian Games medalists in basketball
Asian Games silver medalists for China
Basketball players at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 1986 Asian Games
Basketball players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 1990 Asian Games
Basketball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 1994 Asian Games
Basketball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Basketball players from Henan
Centers (basketball)
Chinese expatriate basketball people in the United States
Chinese women's basketball players
FIBA Hall of Fame inductees
Los Angeles Sparks draft picks
Los Angeles Sparks players
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1986 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1990 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
Olympic basketball players for China
Olympic bronze medalists for China
Olympic medalists in basketball
Olympic silver medalists for China
People from Shangqiu | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng%20Haixia |
Ecstasy is the eighteenth solo studio album by American rock musician Lou Reed, released on April 4, 2000, by Reprise Records. A concept album about Reed's personal experiences with marriage and relationships, it is his final rock album that is not a collaboration.
The cover photography is by Stefan Sagmeister, who instructed Reed to masturbate behind a curtain to express the feeling of unashamed ecstasy.
Songs
The album begins with "Paranoia in the Key of E" which alternates between the I-IV chords in E major. Patrick Stickies for Stereogum writes that the song "gives way to a swaggering strut more effective and danceable than anything the Rolling Stones could manage in the same century." The song explores themes of marriage, decadence, and debauchery.
"Mystic Child" is based around the A chord and follows a straightforward rock beat, much like its predecessor on the album, "Paranoia in the Key of E". The lyrics reference alcohol ("Liquor shifting through the brain"), insanity ("The manic depressive goes insane"), and "Situation X".
The album continues with "Mad," hailed by critic Robert Christgau as "the most original song on the record" and in a review for Rolling Stone, he referred to it as "amazing." The song is told from the perspective of a man cheating on his partner. The lyrics may reference a previous song by Lou Reed dating back to his time in the Velvet Underground: "Pale Blue Eyes," and the lyrics "But mostly you just make me mad, baby you just make me mad." Both songs describe illicit affairs in Reed's life.
The title track "Ecstasy" explores themes of masochism and obsession. The melody is unusual compared to most of the album which is in the genre of straightforward rock. The song alternates between the F and E major chords commonly associated with the E Phrygian dominant scale, used regularly in flamenco.
"Modern Dance", described by Christgau as an "existentialist joke," reflects on Reed's past decisions, musing over whether he should live somewhere else: "Maybe its time to see Tangiers, A different life-style, some different fears, And maybe I should be in Edinburgh, In a kilt in Edinburgh." Reed also references pollution (The smell of exhaust, the smell of strife) and ponders over past relationships ("It's all downhill after the first kiss"). The song follows a I-II-IV chord progression in A major before the D major becomes a D minor chord.
"Tatters" is cited by Mark Deming as "document[ing] a relationship at the point of collapse." The song is a slow tempo reflection on relationships in theme with the rest of the album exploring marriage, affairs and their emotional and physical extremities.
"Future farmers of America" is a two-chord rock and roll commentary on race relations, described by critic Kristin Sage Rockermann as "cringe-inducing." Running at just over three minutes, it is one of the shorter songs on the album.
"Turning Time Around" is another slow tempo ballad-like exploration a romantic relationship, opening by posing the question, "What do you call love?"
"White Prism" is cited by Mark Deming as where "Eros is usually messy" on the album. The song explores themes of aging and sex. It is in G major.
"Rock Minuet" is one of the more lauded songs on the album, cited by Julian Schnabel as one of his favourite songs by Lou Reed. The song follows a straightforward riff played on guitar while Reed plays a solo over it. Strings are also used with his wife and frequent collaborator Laurie Anderson playing electric violin. The song is played in 3/4 time, mirroring the French social dance. The song explores the "unhealthy and perverse," by documenting the life of a young man and his affiliations with drugs and lurid sexual fantasies ("thrill of the needle and anonymous sex") relating it to his fathers abusive nature ("His mother on all fours, ah, with his father behind").
"Baton Rouge" is described by Mark Deming as being "an eccentric but moving elegy for a love that didn't last." It is in G major.
"Like a Possum " has come under vitriolic criticism, one critic calling it "unbearable" mostly due to its length at just over 18 minutes. Patrick Stickles of Stereogum describes the music as being "gargantuan guitar tones in the service of slowly bludgeoning a rudimentary two-chord riff", and a "monolithic tower of punishment." However, Mark Deming writes "Never let it be said that Lou Reed has lost the ability to surprise his audience."
"Like a Possum" is followed by "Rouge", a one-minute instrumental played on strings and bass.
The album concludes with "Big Sky", which Patrick Stickles describes as a "honest-to-god, uplifting, life-affirming, fist-pumping Rock Anthem, the likes of which he had so studiously avoided for nearly his entire career." Mark Deming describes the song as a " rousing closer" and concludes that the it "proves that even his [Reed's] uneven works include a few songs you'll certainly want to have in your collection."
Critical reception
Robert Christgau thought highly of the album, writing: "If his solo career produced a masterwork on the scale of whatever VU album you prefer, this de facto farewell is it." Rolling Stone, in a four star review claimed the album to be "a complex, musically gorgeous synthesis of the obsessions that powered Reed's failed 1973 Berlin and his great marriage albums of the early Eighties, especially The Blue Mask". In a review from Allmusic Mark Deming concludes in a 3 star review by writing that Lou "once again proves that even his uneven works include a few songs you'll certainly want to have in your collection" before jocularly adding "as long as they're not about possums" referencing the song "Like a Possum" which he describes as being "the album's most spectacular miscalculation."
Mark Deming was not alone in his condemnation of "Like a Possum". In a review for Pitchfork, Kristin Sage Rockermann described an "attempt to pair a long poem with off-kilter sound collage, pushes "the possum" into the category of "the unbearable." Patrick Stickles writing for Stereogum describes the song as a "monolithic tower of punishment."
"Rock Minuet" was cited by Julian Schnabel as a favourite of Lou Reed and he recited the lyrics while appearing with Reed on the Spectacle Elvis Costello with... show.
Robert Christgau placed the album at number 8 on his Pazz & Jop list for that year and the album came at number 63 on the critics poll. Christgau disapproved of the decision writing, "the voters' preference for young repeater Elliott Smith's soupiest album, not to mention old farts the Jayhawks' smiliest, gets me mad", referencing another song from the album: "Mad", a song he praised as the most original on the record.
Track listing
German vinyl release
Personnel
'''Musicians
Lou Reed — vocals, guitar, percussion on "White Prism"
Mike Rathke — guitar
Fernando Saunders — bass, background vocals
Tony "Thunder" Smith — drums, percussion, background vocals
Don Alias — percussion on "Ecstasy"
Laurie Anderson — electric violin on "White Prism", "Rouge" and "Rock Minuet"
Steven Bernstein — trumpet, horn arrangements
Doug Wieselman — baritone and tenor saxophone
Paul Shapiro — tenor saxophone
Jane Scarpantoni — cello
Charts
References
External links
Lou Reed albums
2000 albums
Albums produced by Hal Willner
Sire Records albums
Albums with cover art by Stefan Sagmeister | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecstasy%20%28Lou%20Reed%20album%29 |
New Valamo or New Valaam (, or more informally, especially in the postal address: Uusi-Valamo, , ) is an Orthodox monastery in Heinävesi, Finland. The monastery was established in its present location in 1940. However, the tradition of the Valamo monastery dates back to 1717. The monastery was then originally established on Valaam (also known historically by the Finnish name Valamo) which is an archipelago in the northern portion of Lake Ladoga, lying within the Republic of Karelia in the Russian Federation.
The New Valamo Monastery is now an active centre of the Orthodox religious life and culture in Finland and welcomes visitors throughout the year.
History
The relocation of the monastery
In 1939, during the Winter War, some 190 monks from the Valamo Monastery in Karelia were evacuated from their old abode on a group of islands in Lake Ladoga in the Viipuri Province to present Eastern Finland. The old Valamo Monastery was occupied by the armed forces of the Soviet Union quite soon after the outbreak of the Winter War.
After a temporary dwelling place the monks decided to settle down in Heinävesi in Eastern Finland. The choice fell on a mansion in Papinniemi, Heinävesi, after the monks had found there, quite surprisingly, an icon of St. Sergius and St. Herman of Valaam, the founders of the monastery in the 12th century. The monks considered this to be a sign from God. Having received evacuees from the Konevsky (Konevitsa) and Pechenga (Petsamo) monasteries, it is now the only monastery for men of the Finnish Orthodox Church.
2012 Fire
In March 2012, there was a fire in the old main building of Papinniemi estate, which also served as the first main building of the monastery. The building had been built in 1840. The attic of the building was destroyed in the fire. It had been used as a storage space, and there were no valuables in it. All the valuable artifacts from the lower floors had been successfully removed during the fire, with the exception of the furniture. The furnaces of the building has been in poor condition, and their use had been prohibited for several years. However, one of the furnaces had been used for heating, and in a police investigation it was found that the fire had started from the cracks of the chimney. A couple of foreign extraction, who had been living in the building, were prosecuted in the Southern Savo Local Court. The court did not find sufficient evidence to back the claim that the furnace had been used for heating. The case was tried in December 2012.
The damages of the monastery amounted up to 1,6 million Euros. The State of Finland was ordered to pay some of the expenses of the man who had been accused of causing the fire.
The miracle-working icons of Valamo
The best-known miracle-working icons at Valamo are those of the Mother of God of Konevitsa and the Mother of God of Valamo, both located in the main church.
Monastery activities and economy
Economy
The monks of the New Valamo Monastery live a communal life of spirituality founded in the Ascetic tradition of the Orthodox Church. According to the ancient tradition, the monastery should support itself fully. At present, the main source of livelihood for the New Valamo Monastery is tourism: over 160,000 people visit the monastery each year, and all of the revenue goes directly to wards the maintenance and development of the premises.
As a result of the financial crises 2008 the monastery too has had to face some financial challenges. This has led to for example co-determination procedures. During 2003-2013 the financial reports of the monastery have shown a surplus in two years. 2012 the result was positive mainly because 2012 the monastery received insurance reimbursements due to the fire incident in its main building.
2013 the monastery had debts of one million euros, and annual turnover reaching approximately 2,5m euro. The distillery operations of Valamo have shown healthy results every year, for example 2014 a surplus of 89.000 euros.
Monastery's distillery
The Christian faith is linked by tradition to wine and other alcoholic beverages. Alcoholic beverage making skills have been preserved and passed down within monastery wall for centuries. This tradition continues at the New Valamo Monastery.
The annual capacity of the Valamo distillery is 120,000 litres, and it is the biggest distillery in Finland. During 2014 and 2015 the operative distillery company Viiniherman Ltd has made additional investments of 1 million euros into the distillery. Viiniherman Ltd is owned by majority by the monastery and the distillery is located at the monastery's' premises.
They built a modern 500 square metre warehouse to Ilomantsi, Finland. So they will ship all of the whisky distillates from Valamo to Ilomantsi warehouse for maturation. Some of their whisky will have a church wine cask maturation, while some will be matured in bourbon casks. Valamo will produce peated and unpeated malt whisky. The capacity of the new warehouse is 450,000 liters and their current pot for whisky making is 1,000 liters, which allows for an annual production of 40,000 liters.
Hegumens of the monastery
The following persons have served as hegumens (father superiors) of the monastery:
Yefrem 1758–1781
Nazary 1781–1801
Innokenty 1801–1823
Yonafan I 1823–1830
Varlaam 1830–1833
Veniamin 1833–1839
Damaskin 1839–1881
Yonafan II 1881–1891
Gabriel 1891–1903
Vitaly 1903–1905
Pafnuty 1905–1907
Mavriky 1907–1918
Pavlin 1918–1933
Chariton 1933–1947
Yeronim 1948–1952
Nestor 1952–1967
Simforian 1969–1979
Panteleimon 1979–1997 (later Metropolitan of Oulu, since 2013 retired)
Sergei 1997–2011, 2012–2022 (later Bishop of Hamina, vicar bishop of the Helsinki Orthodox Diocese)
Mikael 2022–
See also
List of Christian religious houses in Finland
Lintula Holy Trinity Convent, Finnish Orthodox monastery for women, situated from New Valamo, in Palokki, Heinävesi.
References
External links
Official site of the New Valamo Monastery in Finland (in English)
Information on the monastery
Pictures of the monastery
Cultural Centre of the Monastery of Valamo
Sounds of the Church Bells of Valamo
Heinävesi
Valamo monastery (Heinävesi)
20th-century Christian monasteries
Neoclassical architecture in Finland
Buildings and structures in South Savo
Museums in South Savo
Religious museums in Finland
Orthodox Church of Finland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Valamo |
John Ottman (born July 6, 1964) is an American film composer, director, and editor. He is best known for collaborating with director Bryan Singer, composing and/or editing many of his films, including Public Access (1993), The Usual Suspects (1995), Superman Returns (2006), Valkyrie (2008) and Jack the Giant Slayer (2013), as well as the X-Men film series. For his work on Singer's 2018 Queen biopic Bohemian Rhapsody, Ottman won the Academy Award for Best Film Editing.
Life and career
Ottman was born in San Diego, California. Growing up in San Jose, Ottman made many amateur films garnering local attention in the community. He attended De Anza College and then transferred to the School of Cinematic Arts of the University of Southern California, where he graduated in 1988. One of his first assignments was to provide original music for the computer game I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream. In 2007, Ottman appeared in the documentary Finding Kraftland for his agent Richard Kraft.
He is best known for his multi-tasking as editor and composer for Bryan Singer's films, and on a few occasions, producer roles to boot. The Usual Suspects, Apt Pupil, X2, Superman Returns (including adapting themes originally composed by John Williams), Valkyrie, Jack the Giant Slayer, X-Men: Days of Future Past and X-Men: Apocalypse. Other notable films he worked on as composer are Snow White: A Tale of Terror, the 2005 remake of House of Wax, Kiss Kiss Bang Bang, Fantastic Four and its sequel Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, The Invasion, and Astro Boy.
He also directed (in addition to editing and scoring) the 2000 horror film Urban Legends: Final Cut. He won a BAFTA Award for Best Editing for The Usual Suspects, as well as two Saturn Awards for Best Music for The Usual Suspects and Superman Returns. In 2019, he was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Editing and won the ACE Eddie Award and the Academy Award his work on Bohemian Rhapsody, a film Ottman saw through on his own after both directors' departure (Bryan Singer being fired and Dexter Fletcher beginning pre-production on "Rocketman" shortly after finishing the shoot.) Ottman navigated the film's development in post and the tricky waters between film-maker and studio, working with producer Graham King and Dennis O'Sullivan. Upon Bohemian Rhapsody getting nominated for, and winning its Best Editing awards, a scene of the band outside a pub went viral online after a post by someone critical of the editing style. Ottman, aware of the clip, explained that for a test screening, a heightened pace for the first act was asked for by the studio. After the test, Ottman returned the scene to its original pace and design. Ottman regretted that he missed returning the scene outside the pub closer to his original version. The scene (directed by Fletcher) contained no master shot of the band at the table.
Filmography
Composer
Other credits
See also
List of film director and composer collaborations
List of film director and editor collaborations
References
External links
John Ottman's Official Website
John Ottman's Official Facebook Profile
Interviews with John Ottman on (July 2006)
Interviews with John Ottman at FilmMusicSite
1964 births
American film editors
American male film score composers
Best Editing BAFTA Award winners
Best Film Editing Academy Award winners
Film directors from California
American gay musicians
American LGBT composers
Gay composers
Living people
LGBT film score composers
Musicians from San Diego
USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni
Varèse Sarabande Records artists
La-La Land Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Ottman |
Billy Thompson (born September 24, 1982) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender.
Career
Thompson made his junior hockey debut in the 1998–99 season with the Prince George Cougars of the WHL, although he only played part of one game. He started one more game the following season. For three seasons between 2000 and 2003, he played 149 games with the Cougars, compiling a win-loss record of 64 wins and 69 losses.
He was drafted in the 5th round (136th overall) of the 2001 NHL Entry Draft by the Florida Panthers. On October 1, 2002, the Panthers traded him to the Ottawa Senators along with Greg Watson for goaltender Jani Hurme. He made his professional hockey debut that season with the AHL's Binghamton Senators, winning the sole game he played.
Thompson served as the backup to Ray Emery for the next two seasons at Binghamton. He played 34 games each year with a total record of 32 and 22 in that span. Thompson was called up to Ottawa for the first time in his career on February 27, 2006, to serve as the backup when starting goalie Dominik Hašek was injured, though he ultimately did not see any game action.
He would spend the 2006-07 season with the AHL's Bridgeport Sound Tigers before moving on to the Victoria Salmon Kings of the ECHL in 2007-08. In September, 2008, he signed with the Dutch Eredevisie Destil Trappers, and left the club on April 24, 2009.
Thompson last played with Les Gothiques d'Amiens in Ligue Magnus (first division of France), in 2012.
After his hockey career Thompson moved to Kelowna, British Columbia and became a Chartered Accountant, receiving an honour roll standing on his final exam.
Awards and honours
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Binghamton Senators players
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Florida Panthers draft picks
Prince George Cougars players
Ice hockey people from Saskatoon
Victoria Salmon Kings players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Thompson%20%28ice%20hockey%29 |
The Underground Railroad Records is an 1872 book by William Still, who is known as the Father of the Underground Railroad. It is subtitled A record of facts, authentic narratives, letters, &c., narrating the hardships, hair-breadth escapes and death struggles of the slaves in their efforts for freedom, as related by themselves and others, or witnessed by the author; together with sketches of some of the largest stockholders, and most liberal aiders and advisers, of the road.
The book chronicles the stories and methods of some 649 slaves who escaped to freedom via the Underground Railroad. Still assembled his carefully compiled and detailed documentation about those that he had helped escape into the pages of The Underground Railroad Records.
Selection of freemen whose narratives are included
Ellen and William Craft
John Dunjee
Jane Johnson
Sheridan Ford
References
External links
The Underground Railroad on the Internet Archive.
William Still - Underground Railroad Foundation
Spartacus Educational: William Still
New York News: William Still
Works about the Underground Railroad
Non-fiction books about American slavery
1872 books
Fugitive American slaves
Underground Railroad in Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Underground%20Railroad%20%28book%29 |
"Summer in the City" is a song by the American folk rock band the Lovin' Spoonful. Written by John Sebastian, Mark Sebastian and Steve Boone, the song was released as a non-album single in July 1966 and was included on the album Hums of the Lovin' Spoonful later that year. The single was the Lovin' Spoonful's fifth to break the top ten in the United States and their only to reach . A departure from the band's lighter sound, the recording features a harder rock style. The lyrics differ from most songs about the summer by lamenting the heat, contrasting the unpleasant warmth and noise of the daytime with the relief offered by the cool night, which allows for the nightlife to begin.
John Sebastian reworked the lyrics and melody of "Summer in the City" from a song written by his teenage brother Mark. Boone contributed the song's bridge while in the studio. The Lovin' Spoonful recorded "Summer in the City" in two sessions at Columbia Records' 7th Avenue Studio in New York in March 1966. Erik Jacobsen produced the sessions with assistance from engineer Roy Halee, while Artie Schroeck performed as a session musician on a Wurlitzer electric piano. The recording is an early instance in pop music of added sound effects, made up of car horns and a pneumatic drill to mimic city noises.
"Summer in the City" has since received praise from several music critics and musicologists for its changing major-minor keys and its inventive use of sound effects. The song has been covered by several artists, including Quincy Jones, whose 1973 version won the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement and has since been sampled by numerous hip hop artists.
Background and composition
The Lovin' Spoonful completed their first two albums, Do You Believe in Magic and Daydream, over a period of six months. In need of new material for their next LP, John Sebastian, the band's principal songwriter, recalled a song composed and informally taped by his teenage brother, Mark, titled "It's a Different World". Written when Mark was 14, it featured a bossa nova-like sound and rudimentary lyrics, written in the style of soul singer Sam Cooke.
John expanded on Mark's original composition, reworking the melody and "[replacing] Mark's laconic verses with more vital, upbeat ones." John was pleased with Mark's original line, "But at night it's a different world", determining that the verse before that point needed to build up tension toward an eventual release: "I was going for the scary, minor chord, hit-the-road-Jack chord sequence that doesn't warn you of what's coming in the chorus." He later compared his resulting first verse to the tension established in Modest Mussorgsky's Night on Bald Mountain, which he knew from the 1940 film Fantasia. He incorporated into the verse a riff session player Artie Schroeck had played between takes during their sessions for the What's Up, Tiger Lily? soundtrack. While recording the song, the band determined that a bridge or middle eight was needed to complement John's "tense" and "free-swinging" parts, prompting bassist Steve Boone to suggest a "jazzy figure", a "piano interlude" which he later said "sounded a little bit like [American pianist] George Gershwin".
Lyrics and music
While most songs about summer romanticize warm weather, the lyrics of "Summer in the City" lament the heat of the daytime. The combined unpleasantness of the daytime heat and noise are directly contrasted with the relief offered by nighttime, whose cooler temperatures allow for city nightlife to begin, consisting in dancing and finding dates. Sadness returns again when the singer complains that the days in the city cannot be like the nights.
The song opens with two descending notes (a flattened or minor sixth followed by a perfect fifth degree of a minor scale) played three times. This intro is played in octaves by the lead guitar, bass and electric piano. On the fourth beat of each bar, a snare and bass drum smash. While the two note descent establishes the song in a minor mode, the verse suggests a Dorian mode. The vocal of the verse is entirely minor-pentatonic. John's arpeggiation on the major V (heard at "[5] all around, [7] people lookin' [2] half dead", as noted by Everett) confirms the mode is minor before immediately shifting back to major when his voice is joined in harmony (heard at "hotter than a matchhead").
In contrast to the verse, the next section, which Everett writes "ought to be called the bridge", is a major mode, suggestive of the "different world" of the night described in the lyrics. It repeats IV–VII four times before breaking with the ii–V–ii–V chord progression suggested by Boone. The bridge further functions to emphasize the dorian quality of the next verse. The song alternates between verse and bridge again before a second break transitions to an instrumental coda, finishing the song on the major mode.
Recording
The Lovin' Spoonful recorded "Summer in the City" in March 1966 at Columbia Records' 7th Avenue Studio in New York City. Erik Jacobsen produced the song with assistance from engineer Roy Halee. The band completed the song across two sessions; during the first, they recorded the instrumental track in four steps, beginning with drums, an organ, electric piano and rhythm guitar. John struggled to play the Wurlitzer electric piano part, leading arranger Artie Schroeck to step in as a session musician. Boone overdubbed his bass while John played autoharp, with a guitar added on another layer. The last instrumental overdub included added extra percussion; Halee placed a microphone inside a garbage can, which Yanovsky then struck the side of with a drumstick. Halee described the resultant sound as "a gigantic explosion".
Too tired to continue recording during the initial session, John instead sang his lead vocal the next night. Yanovsky and Joe Butler contributed backing vocals. After hearing the initial playback, Yanovsky complained that the song's percussion was not loud enough, expressing to Halee: "I want the drums to sound like garbage cans being thrown down a steel staircase." To increase the amount of reverb on the track, Halee placed a microphone on the eighth floor of a metal staircase and a large speaker on the ground floor. Halee later duplicated the effect with the same staircase when recording Simon & Garfunkel's 1969 single "The Boxer". The song originally closed with a loud crash caused by a kicked Fender Reverb. Displeased with this ending, Jacobsen removed it and instead inserted a copy of the last verse and chorus for an instrumental fade out.
During the sessions, the band suggested to Jacobsen that they add "city" noises to the track, such as the sound of traffic or a construction crew. During a separate session, a radio soundman brought in an assembly of taped sound effects. The group listened to the effects on a portable reel-to-reel recorder before deciding on the sound of car horns and a pneumatic drill. The effects were among the first on a pop song to employ an overlapping crossfade, an effect that had typically only been used on comedy albums. Mixing for "Summer in the City" concluded after the Lovin' Spoonful returned from Europe in May 1966.
Release and commercial performance
Kama Sutra Records released "Summer in the City" as a single on July 4, 1966. In the U.S. and several other countries, Boone's country song "Butchie's Tune" was used as the B-side, while in other countries, "Fishin' Blues" was used. The single's release corresponded with a record heat wave in New York City – peaking in June and July at and in August – and came shortly after a similar heat wave experienced by Britain in the end of June. An advertisement promoting the single was published in the July 2 issue of Billboard magazine, promising it would "capture the feel... of Summer in the City". Author Jon Savage compares the ad's imagery, which depicts three silhouetted black boys playing with a fire hydrant, to that of a riot in Chicago's West Side which began on July 12 after police stopped young blacks from using a fire hydrant to cool off.
"Summer in the City" was the Lovin' Spoonful's fifth single, and one of six released between December 1965 and December 1966 that reached the top ten in the US. The release rose quickly; Billboard classified it as a breakout single across the U.S. on July 16, and it jumped from to on the Billboard Hot 100 on July 30. On August 13, it overtook the Troggs' "Wild Thing" to become the Lovin' Spoonful's only . It held the position for three weeks, becoming what author Jon Savage terms the "American song of the summer", before losing the spot to Donovan's "Sunshine Superman". In addition to reaching on Cash Box and Record World Top 100 charts, it was in Canada and on the U.K.'s Record Retailer Chart. "Summer in the City" was later sequenced as the closing track on the album Hums of the Lovin' Spoonful, released in November 1966.
"Summer in the City" has a harder sound than the Lovin' Spoonful's previous output. Boone later expressed pleasure that the song departed from the band's softer image, helping to quickly change the attitudes of those who asked him when they were going to make "a real rock song". While the band's next single, "Rain on the Roof", reached on the Billboard Hot 100, both Butler and Boone felt it was a mistake to release the song as the follow-up to "Summer in the City". John contended the band ought to avoid releasing consecutive singles that sounded too similar. However, Boone worried the return to a softer sound would alienate the band's new fans. He later remarked: "I wonder how many people heard 'Rain on the Roof' on their radios in the early fall of 1966 and said, 'Oh, they're back to the wimpy shit,' and disregarded us all over again." After 1966, the band did not achieve the same level of success; Yanovsky and Boone were arrested in California in May 1966 for marijuana possession, and Yanovsky and John left the band in 1967 and 1968, respectively.
Critical reception
Contemporary reviews
Among contemporary reviews, Cash Box magazine predicted a "sure-fire blockbuster", describing the song's "repeating hard-driving riff" as "contagious". Record World review panel selected the song as one of their three "single picks of the week", describing it as "[w]ild, experimental, hypnotic, terrific, positive in approach and a powerhouse release". In the UK, Melody Maker reviewer wrote that the song displayed the musical diversity of the Lovin' Spoonful, given its divergence in style from their earlier 1966 single, "Daydream", and predicted its inclusion on Hums of the Lovin' Spoonful would boost album sales in both the U.S. and the U.K.
In Billboard, Johnny Borders, the program director of KLIF in Dallas, reported that while the radio station's early summer rotation had been based around oldies due to the poor quality of new music, the release of "Summer in the City" improved the situation. David Dachs' 1968 book, Inside Pop, discusses the song in the context of the Lovin' Spoonful's diverse styles, while also writing its lyrics display "a hip and jazzy swing".
Retrospective assessments
In a retrospective assessment, author Ian MacDonald categorizes "Summer in the City" as a "cutting-edge pop [record]" and one of many "futuristic singles" to appear in 1966, such as the Beach Boys' "Good Vibrations", the Byrds' "Eight Miles High" and the Four Tops' "Reach Out I'll Be There", among others. He describes it as representative of a time period when recorded songs began to employ sounds and effects difficult or impossible to recreate during a live performance; when the Lovin' Spoonful played the song in concert, John was unable to both sing and play the piano part simultaneously, requiring Butler to perform the lead vocal.
Musicologist Charlie Gillett describes the song as one of the band's "evocative 'atmosphere' songs", serving as an alternative to their softer love songs through its "surprising power and intensity". Richie Unterberger similarly writes that it proved the band's ability to extend beyond "sunshine and light", praising its major-minor shifts and describing the sound effects as "particularly inventive" while "mercifully" not being overdone. Musician Chris Stamey describes the song as a "fantastic, cinematic record" and highlights the same features as Unterberger, particularly the major-minor changes which help emphasize the two different musical moods. In The New Rolling Stone Album Guide, Paul Evans also commends the sound effects and key signature changes, writing the latter retains both "a sense of wonder and deliberate naiveté".
In the judgment of author Paul Simpson, "Summer in the City" is the song for which the Lovin' Spoonful are best known, and author Robert Santelli describes it as the band's "most potent" song, its "forceful, aggressive" format more representative of rock than the band's traditional folk rock style. Authors Keith and Kent Zimmerman call it "a twentieth-century pop classic", comparing it to Gershwin's An American in Paris and Richard Rodgers' Slaughter on Tenth Avenue. Author Arnold Shaw describes the use of effects as skillful and anticipatory of those heard on the Beatles' 1967 album, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, while author James E. Perone describes them as an example of audio vérité, concluding the song remains "one of the most iconic songs of summer of the sound-recording era in the United States." In 2014, Billboard ranked the song at in a list of the top 30 summer songs, and in 2011, Rolling Stone placed it at on the magazine's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.
Appearance in media and other versions
"Summer in the City" served as the main theme of German filmmaker Wim Wenders' first feature film, Summer in the City (1971). In opposition to the song's theme of the hot summer, it plays over a scene where the main character walks through a cold and snowy day. The song has remained relevant into the 21st century, being regularly featured in television shows, movies and advertisements.
"Summer in the City" has since been covered by numerous artists, including Styx, Joe Cocker and Isaac Hayes. Blues guitarist B. B. King covered the song on his 1972 album, Guess Who, a version critic Robert Christgau describes as "clumsy", and which Bill Dahl of AllMusic suggests indicates King's lack of new material. The American indie band Eels recorded a cover that appeared on the deluxe edition of their 2013 album, Wonderful, Glorious, later described by Boone as "spooky and cool dirge-like".
Quincy Jones recorded the song's most successful cover, released on his October 1973 album You've Got It Bad Girl. Valerie Simpson sings lead on the cover, supported by Eddie Louis on organ and Dave Grusin on electric piano. Author Bob Leszczak describes the smooth jazz version as almost unrecognizable when compared to the original, and Andy Kellman of AllMusic writes that Jones transforms the "frantic, bug-eyed energy" of the original into a "magnetically lazy drift". The cover reached 102 on Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart and won Jones the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement at the 16th Annual Grammy Awards. Jones' version has been sampled by numerous hip hop artists, including on the Pharcyde's 1992 song "Passin' Me By", which incorporates the organ intro.
Charts and certifications
Personnel
According to Sam Richards of UNCUT magazine, except where noted:
The Lovin' Spoonful
John Sebastian lead vocal, acoustic guitar, autoharp, keyboards
Steve Boone bass, keyboards
Joe Butler backing vocals, drums
Zal Yanovsky backing vocals, lead guitar, percussion
Additional musician and production
Artie Schroeck Wurlitzer electric piano
Erik Jacobsen producer
Roy Halee engineer
Unidentified soundman sound effects
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Songs about cities
1966 singles
1966 songs
The Lovin' Spoonful songs
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
Cashbox number-one singles
Larry Stewart (singer) songs
The Stranglers songs
Joe Cocker songs
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
The Flying Pickets songs
Songs written by John Sebastian
Song recordings produced by Erik Jacobsen
Kama Sutra Records singles
Songs about weather | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer%20in%20the%20City%20%28song%29 |
Richard J. Barwegen (December 25, 1921 – September 3, 1966) was an American professional football player who was an offensive lineman for five seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He was selected to four Pro Bowls during his career. He is one of only four members of the NFL 1950s All-Decade Team to not be in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The Professional Football Researchers Association named Barwegan to the PRFA Hall of Very Good Class of 2008
Career
Barwegen was drafted late in the 1945 NFL Draft by the Brooklyn Tigers, who soon merged with the Boston Yanks, though he never played a down with them, playing with the AAFC New York Yankees before playing for the first incarnation of the Baltimore Colts for two seasons, long enough for them to join the NFL. But Barwegen was traded by Abe Watner to the Bears for George Blanda, Bob Perina, Ernie Zalejski, Jimmy "Tank" Crawford, and Bob Jensen. After three seasons with the Bears, he played with the new incarnation of the Baltimore Colts in their first season and went to his fourth straight Pro Bowl, his last. After one more season with the Colts, he left to play with the Ottawa Rough Riders, before retiring. Barwegan was 2nd Team AAFC All Pro in 1947, consensus 1st Team AAFC All Pro in 1948 and 1949, consensus 1st Team NFL All Pro in 1950 and 1951, and 2nd Team NFL All Pro in 1952.
References
External links
1921 births
1966 deaths
American football offensive guards
Baltimore Colts players
Baltimore Colts (1947–1950) players
Canadian football offensive linemen
Chicago Bears players
New York Yankees (AAFC) players
Ottawa Rough Riders players
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Chicago | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Barwegen |
Rock and Roll Heart is the seventh solo studio album by American musician Lou Reed, released in October 1976. It was his first album for Arista Records after record mogul Clive Davis reportedly rescued him from bankruptcy. "A Sheltered Life" dates back to 1967, when the Velvet Underground recorded a demo of it (available on Peel Slowly and See). The Velvet Underground also performed "Follow the Leader", and a live recording of it was released on The Quine Tapes (2001).
The cover art is credited to Mick Rock.
Track listing
Personnel
Musicians
Lou Reed – vocals, guitar, piano
Marty Fogel – saxophone
Michael Fonfara – piano, Hammond organ, clavinet, ARP, synthesiser
Bruce Yaw – bass guitar
Michael Suchorsky – drums
Garland Jeffreys – backing vocals on "You Wear It So Well"
Production and artwork
Corky Stasiak – engineer, mixing
Julie Harris – art direction
Steve Ridgeway – art direction
Mick Rock – cover design, photography
Charts
References
External links
1976 albums
Lou Reed albums
Arista Records albums
Albums produced by Lou Reed
Albums with cover art by Mick Rock | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%20and%20Roll%20Heart |
Summer Term at St. Clare's is the third novel in the St. Clare's series of girls' school stories by British author Enid Blyton. The series is about the boarding school adventures of twin girls Patricia and Isabel O'Sullivan.
Plot summary
The children's story starts with the twins Pat and Isabel O'Sullivan looking forward to enjoying their first summer term at St. Clare's. Their mother is happy to see them looking forward to school. One day, they go to play tennis with a friend, and meet a girl who has mumps. The twins, to their dismay, are put in quarantine, and are not allowed to go back to school at the beginning of the term.
When they arrive back the following week, they are heartily welcomed by their friends. Five new girls have joined their form. There is an American girl called Sadie, who is obviously quite rich and elegant. The twins discover that their cousin Alison has already made friends with her. There is a wild-looking girl called Carlotta, who is half Spanish. There is a naughty but very likeable girl Bobby (Roberta), who quickly becomes friends with Janet. There is another girl called Prudence, who is quite pretty but has no sense of humour. The last new girl is Pam, who is very hard working but also very shy.
The girls soon discover that Miss Roberts is on the war path. She is the first form head and is determined that her girls should do well and be promoted in next form. The twins also get to know the new girls. Prudence turns out to be nasty, spiteful, and dishonest. She takes a strong dislike to Carlotta, and discovers that Carlotta once belonged to a circus. She reveals Carlotta's secret to the other girls, hoping it will make them despise her, but it only serves to make Carlotta even more popular. Prudence also manipulates the shy Pam under the false disguise of a friendship. As a result, Pam is initially disliked by all of the girls except Carlotta and Isabel, who take pity on her when they realise that she is afraid to tackle Prudence as she does not want to be on her own. Encouraged by the two older girls, Pam eventually stands up to Prudence and ends their forced friendship, becoming friends with Carlotta instead. Bobby initially doesn't seem to care for anything or anyone until Miss Theobald tells her that she is cheating her parents badly. After learning this, Bobby starts working hard, too, though she occasionally plays tricks.
The American girl, Sadie, is like Alison, always caring about her looks. She also hates sports and all outdoor activities (although, unlike Alison, she actually enjoys swimming). However, she is good tempered and laughs at being teased. The girls soon find out that Sadie is an heiress. Sadie's father died and left a will giving away all his money to his sisters, but Sadie's mother won it back through lawsuits. During the term, while Prudence is spying on Carlotta, Sadie is kidnapped, and Carlotta - who finds her tied up, gagged and blindfolded in the back seat of a motor car - goes after her, and stages a fake road accident, during which she manages to rescue her with the help of her circus' friends. The term ends happily for most, with Prudence leaving because everyone hates her for her part in Sadie's kidnap (she could have alerted Sadie to the fact that she was in danger when she and Pam met a strange man lurking around the school entrance but was too busy trying to get Carlotta into trouble to realise this, and ignored Pam's warning to report the man to Miss Theobald), Sadie herself bouncing back strongly from her kidnapping ordeal and preparing to go back to America, and the other girls looking forward to going into second year except Prudence, who is leaving and Pam, who is too young to move into the second form.
External links
Enid Blyton Society page
St. Clare's novels
1943 British novels
1943 children's books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer%20Term%20at%20St.%20Clare%27s |
François Louis Ganshof (14 March 1895, Bruges – 26 July 1980, Brussels) was a Belgian medievalist. After studies at the Athénée Royal, he attended the University of Ghent, where he came under the influence of Henri Pirenne. After studies with Ferdinand Lot, he practiced law for a period, before returning to the University of Ghent. Here he succeeded Pirenne in 1930 as professor of medieval history, after Pirenne left the university as a result of the enforcement of Dutch as language of instruction. He remained there until his retirement in 1961.
Ganshof's work was primarily on Flanders in the Carolingian period. His best known book is Qu'est-ce que la féodalité? (1944). Here he defines feudalism narrowly, in simple legal and military terms. Feudalism, in Ganshof's view, existed only within the nobility. This contrasts with Marc Bloch, where feudalism encompasses society as a whole, and Susan Reynolds, who questions the concept of feudalism in itself.
Though Ganshof's definition is not always accepted today, this book was not his only work. He contributed greatly to his field, mostly through articles. Among the few books he published were Les Destinées de l'Empire en occident de 395 à 888 (1928) and Flandre sous les premiers comtes (1943). In 1946 he received the Francqui Prize for Human Sciences.
Ganshof was renowned as the greatest European expert on the Frankish kingdoms, particularly under the Carolingian dynasty; he never wrote the definitive biography of Charlemagne that everyone expected of him, but his contributions to Frankish history continue to be fundamental. The best English-language introduction to this (very major) aspect of his work is in F.L. Ganshof, The Carolingians and the Frankish Monarchy. Studies in Carolingian History, tr. Janet Sondheimer (London: Longman, 1971). This collection of major articles ends with an exhaustive bibliography of Ganshof's writings on Merovingian and Carolingian history down to 1970.
Selected works
1926. Étude sur les ministeriales en Flandrie et en Lotharingie. Brussels.
1928 (with Ferdinand Lot and Christian Pfister). Les Destinées de l'Empire en occident de 395 à 888. In Histoire du Moyen Âge.
1937. "Die mittelalterlichen Städte Flanderns und Brabants." Forschungen und Fortschritte 13. 170–2.
1937. De staatsinstellingen van Vlaanderen en Brabant.
1938. "Die Rechtsprechung des gräflichen Hofgerichtes in Flandern vor der Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Germanist. Abt. 58 = Festschrift Ulrich Stutz zum siebzigsten Geburtstag. 163–77.
1938. "Die mittelalterlichen Städte Flanderns und Brabants." Forschungen und Fortschritte 13. 170–2.
1938. "The Mediaeval Cities of Flanders and Brabant." Research and progress 4.2. 62–6.
1941. Voorstel tot voorbereiding en uitgave van een Historisch Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Rechtstaal. Met een verslag door E.I. Strubbe. Mededelingen van de Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie voor wetenschappen, letteren en schone kunsten van België. Kl. der letteren (henceforward abbreviated to Mededelingen) 3.3. Brussels.
1941. Over stadsontwikkeling tusschen Loire en Rijn gedurende de Middeleeuwen. Antwerpen. 2nd ed.: Antwerp, 1944.
1941. Pages d'histoire. Brussels.
1943. Étude sur le développement des villes entre Loire et Rhin au Moyen Âge. Paris.
1943. Flandre sous les premiers comtes. Brussels.
1944. Qu'est-ce que la féodalité. Translated into English as Feudalism by Philip Grierson, foreword by F.M. Stenton. 1st ed.: New York and London, 1952; 2nd ed: 1961; 3d ed: 1976.
1944. Vlaanderen onder de eerste graven. Antwerp.
1946-7. Geschiedenis van de Middeleeuwsche instellingen: de instellingen van West-Europa. Ghent.
1948. Het falen van Karel de Grote. Utrecht.
1949. The imperial coronation of Charlemagne: theories and facts. Lecture on the David Murray Foundation 16. Glasgow.
1951. Encyclopaedie van de geschiedenis: middeleeuwen. Ghent.
1953. Le moyen âge. Histoire des relations internationales 1. Paris.
1953. Over het idee van het Keizerschap bij Lodewijk de Vrome tijdens het eerste deel van zijn regering. Mededelingen 15.9. Brussels.
1956. Het statuut van de vreemdeling in het Frankische Rijk. Mededelingen 18.3. Brussels.
1957. "Einwohnergenossenschaft und Graf in den flandrischen Städten während des 12. Jahrhunderts." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Germanist. Abt. 74. 98-118.
1958. Het tolwezen in het Frankisch rijk onder de Merowingen. Mededelingen 20.4. Brussels.
1959. Het tolwezen in het Frankisch rijk onder de Karolingen. Mededelingen 21.1. Brussels.
1960. De internationale betrekkingen van het Frankisch rijk onder de Merowingen. Mededelingen 22.4. Brussels.
1961. Was ist das Lehnswesen?, tr. from the French by Ruth and Dieter Groh. Darmstadt.
1961. Was waren die Kapitularien? (with Birgit Franz), tr. Willem A. Eckhardt. Weimar.
1963. De internationale betrekkingen van het Frankisch rijk onder de Karolingen. Mededelingen 25.2. Brussels.
1963. Het "Iudicium crucis" in het frankisch Recht. Mededelingen 25.5. Brussels.
1965. Een kijk op de verhoudingen tussen normatieve beschikkingen en levend recht in het Karolingische rijk. Mededelingen 27.2. Brussels.
1965. "Note sur une charte de Thierry d'Alsace, comte de Flandre, intéressant la propriété foncière à Saint-Omer." Festschrift für Hektor Ammann. Wiesbaden. 84–96. Reproduced as monograph: Studia historica Gandensia 36. Ghent.
1966. Een historicus uit de VIe eeuw: Gregorius van Tours. Mededelingen 28.5. Brussels.
1966. "Note sur une charte de Baudouin V, comte de Flandre, pour Saint-Pierre de Lille." In Mélanges René Crozet. Vol 1. Poitiers. 293–306. Reproduced as monograph: Studia historica Gandensia 37. Ghent.
1967. Een kijk op het regeringsbeleid van Lodewijk de Vrome tijdens de Jaren 814 tot 830. Mededelingen 29.2. Brussels.
1967. "Note sur la preuve dans la procédure en cas de flagrant délit en droit franc." In Miscellanea mediaevalia in memoriam Jan Frederik Niermeyer. Groningen. 9-16. Reproduced as monograph: Studia historica Gandensia 77. Ghent.
1968. Frankish Institutions under Charlemagne. Translated from the French by Bryce and Mary Lyon. Providence (Rhode Island), 1968.
1969. Bekentenis en foltering in het Frankisch Recht. Amsterdam.
1970. Een historicus uit de VIIe eeuw: Fredegarius. Mededelingen 32.5. Brussels.
1971. The Carolingians and the Frankish monarchy. Studies in Carolingian history
1971. Een historicus uit de IXe eeuw: Nithard. Mededelingen 33.3. Brussels.
1972. Aantekeningen over het grondbezit van de Sint-Bertijnsabdij en in het bijzonder over haar domein te Poperinge tijdens de IXe eeuw. Mededelingen 34.1. Brussels.
1972. "Stämme als "Träger des Reiches?" Zu Walther Kienasts Studien über die französischen Volksstämme des Frühmittelalters." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Germanist. Abt. 89. 147-60.
1975. Le polyptyque de l'abbaye de Saint-Bertin, 844-859.
References
McKitterick, R. "Ganshof, F.L.", in Cannon, John (ed.) Blackwell Dictionary of Historians, (Blackwell, 1988).
1895 births
1980 deaths
Academic staff of Ghent University
Belgian medievalists
20th-century Belgian historians
Corresponding Fellows of the Medieval Academy of America
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin
Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Louis%20Ganshof |
Ross William Glendinning (born 17 September 1956) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the East Perth Football Club in the West Australian National Football League (WANFL) and for the North Melbourne Football Club and the West Coast Eagles in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Solidly built but agile and skilful in equal measure, Glendinning was considered one of the finest key-position players of his era. Inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame in 2000, he was West Coast's inaugural captain. The Ross Glendinning Medal is named in his honour and is awarded to the player judged best afield in the Western Australian derby between West Coast and Fremantle each AFL season.
Playing career
Glendinning started his senior football career with East Perth in the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL). He joined under the father–son rule, his father Gus having played 69 games for the Royals from 1941 to 1951. Ross played 56 games for East Perth from 1974 to 1977.
He joined North Melbourne in 1978, after being denied a clearance from East Perth in 1977. He twice won the club's Best and Fairest award and in 1983, winning the Brownlow Medal after finishing second the previous year. Strongly built, he could play at centre half-forward or centre half-back.
When was formed in 1986, Glendinning returned to his home state and was appointed the club's inaugural captain. Playing mainly at centre half-forward, he was the club's leading goal kicker in 1987 and 1988.
Post-football career
Following retirement, Glendinning was an expert commentator for Channel 7 from 1989 till 1998 while also serving as a panelist on the sportsworld football panel.
In March 2000, while serving as 's match committee chairman, Glendinning attracted attention for making remarks on television claiming 's star full-forward Matthew Lloyd was suspect under physical pressure. Essendon coach Kevin Sheedy showed a video of the interview to his players in the lead-up to the match at Subiaco Oval. For the record, Essendon won the match by 36 points and would go on to claim the premiership at the end of the season, losing only one game along the way.
In recent years, Glendinning returned to the West Coast Eagles as corporate relations manager.
Honours
Glendinning has been inducted into the WA Hall of Champions (1994), the Australian Football Hall of Fame (2000), the WA Football Hall of Fame (2004) and the North Melbourne Hall of Fame (2012). He was named at centre half-back in the North Melbourne Football Club's Team of the Century. In addition, the Ross Glendinning Medal is named in his honour and is awarded to the player judged best afield in the West Australian derby between West Coast and Fremantle each AFL season.
He was the coach of the Western Australia Australian rules football team in the 1996 and 1997 State of Origin matches against South Australia and The Allies, losing both games.
Personal life
Glendinning is married to Kerry and has three daughters.
References
External links
Profile at WA Football Hall of Fame website
AFL Hall of Fame - Players
1956 births
Living people
East Perth Football Club players
West Coast Eagles players
North Melbourne Football Club players
Syd Barker Medal winners
Brownlow Medal winners
All-Australians (1953–1988)
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Western Australian State of Origin players
Australian rules footballers from Perth, Western Australia
West Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
People educated at Scotch College, Perth
Australia international rules football team players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Glendinning |
Anti-Brahminism is a term used in opposition to caste-based hierarchical social order which places Brahmins at its highest position. Initial expressions of Anti-Brahminism emerged from instances of pre-colonial opposition to the caste system in India, ideological influences during the colonial period, and from a colonialist Protestant Christian understanding of religion in the 19th century, which viewed "Brahminism" as a corrupted religion imposed on the Indian population. Reformist Hindus, and also Ambedkar, structured their criticism along similar lines following the 19th century criticism of "Brahminism," opposing the dominant position Brahmins had acquired by the time of British rule in the 19th century.
Definitions
"Brahminism" refers both to the historical Brahmanical tradition and ideology of the late Vedic period (ca.1100-500 BCE), as to
"Anti-Brahminism" or "Non-Brahminism" is a movement in opposition to caste based discrimination and hierarchical social order which places Brahmins at its highest position. B. R. Ambedkar stated:
History
Pre-Colonial times
According to Novetzke, initial expressions of Anti-Brahminism emerged from instances of pre-colonial opposition to the caste system, ideological influences during the colonial period.
19th century colonialism
According to Gelders and Delders, the structure of present-day anti-Brahminism has its roots in 19th century India and colonial views on the position and influence of Brahmins. 19th century colonial rulers viewed India's culture as corrupt and degenerate, and its population irrational. In this view, derived from a Protestant Christian understanding of religion, rooted in the Protestant opposition against the Catholic Church, the original "God-given religion" was corrupted by (Catholic) priests, which was extended by comparison to the Brahmins in India, and the Brahmin-dominated type of Hinduism, for which the term "Brahminism" was used, was supposedly imposed on the Indian population.
20th century
In the late 19th and early 20th century, with the rise of nationalist and rationalist movements, criticism against Brahminism came from both Brahmins and from low-caste Hindu communities. Reformist Hindus, but also Ambedkar, structured their criticism along similar lines following the 19th century criticism of "Brahminism."
According to Beteille, in Tamil Nadu the traditional position of Brahmins had been enforced with the beginning of British rule, profiting from western education and turning to an urban lifestyle. They monopolized the new urban jobs and entered the Indian Civil Service, gaining strongholds in government and bureaucracy, and also dominated the Congress Party. This widened the gap between Brahmins and non-Brahmins, but opposition quickly mounted. Anti-Brahminism became organized with the formation of the Justice Party in late 1916 in Tamil Nadu. This party was composed of non-Brahmins (who were typically part of either the feudal castes, land-owning agricultural castes, or merchant castes) and was committed to enhancing the opportunities for non-Brahmins. With the dawn of the 20th century, and the rapid penetration of western education and western ideas, there was a rise in consciousness amongst the lower castes who felt that rights which were legitimately theirs were being denied to them. In 1920, when the Justice Party came to power, Brahmins occupied about 70 percent of the high level posts in the government. After reservation was introduced by the Justice Party, it reversed this trend, allowing non-Brahmins to rise in the government of the Madras Presidency. In the 1930s, anti-Brahmanism was disseminated among the masses by the Self-Respect Movement.
One of the most prominent proponents of Anti-Brahminism was Dalit leader B. R. Ambedkar. Another prominent proponent was Dravidian leader Periyar E. V. Ramasamy.
Periyar called on both Brahmins and non-Brahmins to shun Brahminism. However, Ramaswamy did make incendiary statements towards the encouragement of violence against the Brahmin community: "Pambaium parpanaium partha parpanai adi" — If you see a snake and a Brahmin, beat the Brahmin. Ramasamy also claimed, on several occasions, that to eliminate the caste system, driving away the Brahmins was crucial.
In October 1957, he supposedly called upon his followers to kill Brahmins and set fire to their houses. On 3 November 1957, Dravidar Kazhagam held a convention in Thanjavur under Ramasamy's leadership and demanded that the Government of India delete provisions from the Constitution dealing with religious freedom (which, they believed, gave protection to the caste system and particularly to Brahmins), and if they failed to do so the copies of the Constitution would be burnt, and portraits and statues of Mahatma Gandhi would be broken; if it produced no results, the Dravidar Kazhagam members would be asked to kill Brahmins and burn their residential localities. These statements prompted the then Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru to write to K. Kamaraj who was the Chief Minister of Madras State (Tamil Nadu) at that time, urging him to deal with this matter without delay. The Dravidian nationalist's call to "kill Tamil Brahmins" at a 1973 speech in Karaikudi is still echoed in the 21st century by regional parties.
See also
Caste-related violence in India
Reserved political positions in India
Caste politics
Reservations in India
References
Sources
Printed sources
Web sources
Further reading
Politics and Social Conflict in South India, the Non-Brahman Movement and Tamil Separatism, 1916–1929. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969. By Prof. Eugene Irschik
External links
Pune’s endless identity wars by Rakshit Sonawane, The Indian Express, January 6, 2011.
Editorial by Francois Gautier on anti-Brahmanism
Politics of India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Brahminism |
Maxie Callaway Baughan Jr. (August 3, 1938 – August 19, 2023) was an American professional football player who was a linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the Philadelphia Eagles, Los Angeles Rams, and the Washington Redskins. Baughan played college football for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets.
Early life and education
After attending Bessemer City High School in Alabama, Baughan played college football for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets from 1957 to 1959. While at Georgia Tech, he played and started at both linebacker and center. In 1959, he was Georgia Tech's captain, a consensus All-American, the Southeastern Conference Lineman of the Year, and the Most Valuable Player in the 1960 Gator Bowl. He set a Georgia Tech single-season record with 124 tackles.
Professional career
Baughan was selected in the second round (20th overall) of the 1960 NFL Draft by the Philadelphia Eagles, additionally being chosen as a first-round pick in the 1960 AFL Draft by the Oakland Raiders. He joined the Eagles and became a starter immediately at the rightside linebacker position, starting nine of 12 games in his rookie season as the Eagles went on to win the 1960 NFL Championship over the Green Bay Packers, which remained the team's last league title until Super Bowl LII in the 2017 season. He was chosen to his first Pro Bowl that year, posting three interceptions in the game, and was also the runner-up for the NFL's rookie of the year award. He went on to play the following 10 years in the NFL and was an All-Pro selection in seven of those years. Baughan played his first six years with the Eagles and earned Pro Bowl selection in all but one of those years. During a game against the Pittsburgh Steelers in 1965, he helped the Eagles set a team record with nine interceptions in the 47–13 win, with six of those points coming off an interception by Baughan which he returned for the only score of his career.
By 1966, the number of games the Eagles won had sharply declined and Baughan decided that he wanted out of Philadelphia. However, George Allen, who was entering his first season as an NFL head coach with the Los Angeles Rams, won the right to Baughan's services by sending two players (linebacker Fred Brown and defensive tackle Frank Molden) to the Eagles in return. Baughan and Allen would develop a strong relationship, spending extensive time studying game film together. Baughan would later state that he learned more about football from Allen than anyone else. Baughan was chosen to be the Rams' defensive captain and was in charge of signal calling for the unit. He was selected for the Pro Bowl in each of his first four seasons with the Rams and was also a first-team All-Pro choice three times. After an injury-plagued 1970 season, in which he played in only 10 games, Baughan retired from the NFL.
Baughan's contractual rights were traded along with Jack Pardee, Myron Pottios, Diron Talbert, John Wilbur, Jeff Jordan, and a 1971 fifth-round pick (124th overall—traded to Green Bay Packers for Boyd Dowler) from the Rams to the Washington Redskins for Marlin McKeever, first and third rounders in 1971 (10th and 63rd overall—Isiah Robertson and Dave Elmendorf respectively) and third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh rounders in 1972 (73rd, 99th, 125th, 151st and 177th overall—to New England Patriots, traded to Philadelphia Eagles for Joe Carollo, Bob Christiansen, Texas Southern defensive tackle Eddie Herbert and to New York Giants respectively) on January 28, 1971.
In 1974, Allen, now the head coach of the Redskins, talked Baughan into a brief return to the NFL as a player-coach. He appeared in two games, mainly as a backup to Chris Hanburger. At the conclusion of that season, Baughan retired. He finished with 18 interceptions (including one returned for a touchdown) and 10 fumble recoveries in 147 games played; Baughan also unofficially posted 24.5 sacks.
Coaching career
After retiring from the NFL, Baughan served as the defensive coordinator at his alma mater, Georgia Tech, from 1972 to 1973. Following his brief return to playing in 1974, he went back into coaching by becoming the defensive coordinator for the Baltimore Colts in 1975. During his time with the Colts, the team won three straight AFC East divisional championships from 1975 to 1977. He left the Colts in 1980 and then served through 1982 as the linebackers coach and defensive coordinator with the Detroit Lions.
Baughan was named head coach of the Cornell Big Red college football team in 1983. He led them to the Ivy League championship in 1988, their first since 1971. However, he was forced to resign before the next season after information surfaced about an affair he had with an assistant coach's wife. Baughan then coached a team in Japan in 1989 before returning to the NFL in 1990 as linebackers coach of the Minnesota Vikings. Following two years with Minnesota, he coached the linebackers for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers from 1992 to 1995, and then served in that same role with the Baltimore Ravens from 1996 until retiring after 1998.
Death
Baughan died in Ithaca, New York, on August 19, 2023, at the age of 85.
Honors
Baughan was inducted into the Georgia Tech Hall of Fame in 1965 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 1988. He was also inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1980, the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame in 1983, the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame in 2012, and the Gator Bowl Hall of Fame.
Despite his NFL accomplishments, Baughan has not been elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Several sources have considered him among the best players not inducted. In 2005, he was named to the Professional Football Researchers Association's Hall of Very Good in the association's third HOVG class, an honor for the best players not in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He was reportedly a favorite among Hall of Fame selectors for the class of 2020, but was not elected. He was also a finalist for the classes of 2023 and 2024, but missed selection both times.
In 2012, Baughan received the Outstanding Eagle Scout Award from the National Eagle Scout Association of the Boy Scouts of America. Baughan was inducted into the Philadelphia Eagles Hall of Fame on October 19, 2015, during the team's Monday Night Football game against the New York Giants.
Head coaching record
References
External links
1938 births
2023 deaths
All-American college football players
American football centers
American football linebackers
Baltimore Ravens coaches
Bessemer City High School (Alabama) alumni
Coaches of American football from Alabama
Cornell Big Red football coaches
Detroit Lions coaches
Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football coaches
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football players
Los Angeles Rams players
Minnesota Vikings coaches
People from Greene County, Alabama
Philadelphia Eagles players
Players of American football from Alabama
Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
Washington Redskins coaches
Washington Redskins players
Western Conference Pro Bowl players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxie%20Baughan |
The Parable of the Wise and the Foolish Builders (also known as the House on the Rock), is a parable of Jesus from the Sermon on the Mount in the Gospel of Matthew () as well as in the Sermon on the Plain in the Gospel of Luke ().
The parable illustrates the importance of building one's life on obedience to the teachings and example of Jesus.
Narrative
In the Gospel of Matthew, the parable appears at the end of the Sermon on the Mount as follows:
Matthew's summary of Jesus' sayings, noting that "the people were astonished at his teaching", follows immediately after this parable.
Interpretation
This parable emphasizes the need to put Jesus' teachings into practice, and speaks of "two sorts of people whose hearts are revealed in their actions".
Matthew's version of the parable has a "more complex narrative structure" than Luke's, mentioning rain and winds as well as floods. These forces are usually interpreted ethically, as trials of life that can be resisted by a life founded on Christian doctrine, but can also be interpreted eschatologically.
The usual interpretation goes back to John Chrysostom (c. 347–407), who wrote in his Homily 24 on Matthew:
By "rain" here, and "floods," and "winds," He is expressing metaphorically the calamities and afflictions that befall men; such as false accusations, plots, bereavements, deaths, loss of friends, vexations from strangers, all the ills in our life that any one could mention. "But to none of these," says He, "does such a soul give way; and the cause is, it is founded on the rock." He calls the steadfastness of His doctrine a rock; because in truth His commands are stronger than any rock, setting one above all the waves of human affairs. For he who keeps these things strictly, will not have the advantage of men only when they are vexing him, but even of the very devils plotting against him. And that it is not vain boasting so to speak, Job is our witness, who received all the assaults of the devil, and stood unmoveable; and the apostles too are our witnesses, for that when the waves of the whole world were beating against them, when both nations and princes, both their own people and strangers, both the evil spirits, and the devil, and every engine was set in motion, they stood firmer than a rock, and dispersed it all.
Cornelius a Lapide gives a similar interpretation, writing, "The rain, wind, and rivers are all temptations and adversities whatsoever, whether coming from the world, the flesh, or the devil. They also mean the condemnation which Christ shall pronounce upon the wicked in the Day of Judgment. For this is often expressed in Scripture by the words storm and Tempest, as in Isaiah 28:2, “Behold the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, which as a tempest of hail and a destroying storm, as a flood of mighty waters overflowing, shall cast down to the earth with the hand.”
Hymns
This parable has formed the theme for many hymns, such as "Built on the Rock" (N. F. S. Grundtvig, 1837) and "My Hope Is Built on Nothing Less" (Edward Mote, c. 1834), which begins:
My hope is built on nothing less
Than Jesus' blood and righteousness.
I dare not trust the sweetest frame,
But wholly trust in Jesus' Name.
On Christ the solid Rock I stand,
All other ground is sinking sand;
All other ground is sinking sand.
See also
Life of Jesus in the New Testament
Ministry of Jesus
References
Further reading
Wise and the Foolish Builders, Parable of the
Sermon on the Mount
Gospel of Matthew | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable%20of%20the%20Wise%20and%20the%20Foolish%20Builders |
Puzer-Mama or Puzur-Mama (, puzur4-Dma-ma) was a ruler of Lagash before Gudea, circa 2200 BCE. Though he adopted the title of King (lugal), Puzer-Mama shows kinship with future Lagashite kings in the religiosity of his inscriptions.
He took control of Lagash during Shar-kali-sharri's reign, when troubles with the Guti left the Sargonic king with only "a small rump state whose center lay at the confluence of the Diyala and Tigris river." (Frayne 1993 p. 186)
Puzer-Mama's royal inscription — wherein he receives the various gifts of the gods appropriate to rulership: power by Ningirsu, intelligence by Enki, and position by Inanna, (Frayne 1993 p. 272) — may be contrasted with the contemporary religious element in Shar-kali-sharri's various inscriptions: a call for the gods to punish any who alter his inscriptions, and specifically to "tear out his foundations and destroy his progeny" (one of a number of curses for protection found in royal inscriptions starting with the reign of Sargon.)
Puzer-Mama appears in Babylonian inscription (BM 2310) as one of the ancient rulers of Lagash, particularly the list of "The rulers of Lagaš":
According to other inscriptions however, his tutelary god was Shulutula.
Puzur-Mama also appears in a letter about territorial disputes between two Governors, apparently sent to Shar-Kali-Sharri:
Puzer-Mama also appears as "King of Lagash" in a document also naming the Elamite ruler Puzur-Inshushinak, suggesting the synchronicity of the two rulers.
References
Sources
Frayne, Douglas R. (1993). Sargonic and Gutian Periods (Toronto, Buffalo, London. University of Toronto Press Incorporated)
23rd-century BC Sumerian kings
Kings of Lagash | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzer-Mama |
Janet Harvey (born March 28, 1967 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian curler.
In 1984, Harvey played second for Darcy Kirkness at that year's Canadian Junior Curling Championships. The team won the tournament, however there were no Worlds for women until 1988.
In 1986, Harvey returned to the Canadian Juniors as a skip, but lost in the semifinal to Newfoundland's Jill Noseworthy.
Since then, Harvey has been to three Scott Tournament of Hearts, (1990, 1997 and 2006) all as a skip, failing to make the playoffs at each one.
Grand Slam record
Harvey had played in every single Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Women's Classic since it became a Grand Slam before finally making the playoffs for the first time in 2013.
Former events
Sources
World Curling Tour Profile
Scotties Tournament of Hearts Statistics
Canadian women curlers
Curlers from Winnipeg
Living people
1967 births
Canada Cup (curling) participants | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet%20Harvey |
Norsk Ukeblad (English: “Norwegian Weekly Magazine”) is a Norwegian language weekly family magazine published in Oslo, Norway. It has been in circulation in 1933.
History and profile
Norsk Ukeblad was established in 1933. It is owned by the Egmont Group and published weekly by the Hjemmet Mortensen AB. The magazine has its headquarters in Oslo. The editor is Maj-Lis Stordal.
Its target group is women 25 years and older. The magazine contains features as well as articles on food, interior decoration, health, fashion, and beauty.
Circulation
The circulation of Norsk Ukeblad was 154,000 copies in 2003, making it the second best-selling general interest magazine in Norway. The magazine had a circulation of 126,400 copies in 2006 and 126,591 copies in 2007. In 2013 Norsk Ukeblad was the fifth best-selling magazine in Norway with a circulation of 77,191 copies. The magazine sold 39,796 copies in 2022.
See also
List of Norwegian magazines
References
External links
Official website
1933 establishments in Norway
Magazines established in 1933
Magazines published in Oslo
Norwegian-language magazines
Weekly magazines published in Norway
Women's magazines published in Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norsk%20Ukeblad |
William Stansbury “Billy” Thompson (born December 1, 1963) is an American former professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association and other leagues. He spent a 5-year career with the Los Angeles Lakers and Miami Heat, and registered one minute of court time with the Golden State Warriors in late 1991.
High school and college
Thompson played basketball at Camden High School in New Jersey, where he was a two-time high school All-American. During his time with the team, Camden took the group IV state championship in 1982. Thompson was considered the number one high school prospect in the land. He elected to play college basketball for Denny Crum at the University of Louisville. His team reached the semi-finals of the national championship his freshman year, where they lost to the University of Houston. In his junior year he led the Cardinals in scoring, rebounding and assists. His senior season the Cardinals won the 1986 NCAA national championship.
NBA
In the 1986 NBA draft he was selected 19th overall by the Atlanta Hawks. In a draft-day trade he was sent to the Los Angeles Lakers. He was a reserve on the Lakers teams that won back-to-back NBA championships in 1986–87 and 1987–88. He is one of only five players to have won an NCAA championship and an NBA championship in back-to-back seasons, the other four being Bill Russell (University of San Francisco 1956, Boston Celtics 1957), Henry Bibby (UCLA 1972, New York Knicks 1973), Earvin Johnson (Michigan State 1979, Los Angeles Lakers 1980), and Christian Braun (Kansas 2022, Denver Nuggets 2023).
After an injury-riddled sophomore season with the Lakers, he was then left unprotected in the 1988 NBA expansion draft and was selected by the Miami Heat, where he was a starter for the Heat's inaugural game and averaged 10.8 points per game in Miami's expansion season. As a part-time starter in 1989–90, Thompson averaged 11 points per game. He also appeared in the 1990 NBA Slam Dunk Contest, where he finished seventh out of eight participants.
Play abroad
In 1994 Thompson went to play professional basketball in Turkey for Fenerbahçe. He then played in Israel for Hapoel Jerusalem from 1994 to 1997. Along with Israeli star Adi Gordon, Thompson led Hapoel to two State Cup titles for the first time in Israeli history, defeating Israeli and European powerhouse Maccabi Tel Aviv both times. Thompson is one of the most favored foreign basketball players ever to play in Israel.
Personal life
Thompson is a born-again Christian and presently pastors Jesus People Proclaim Int'l Church in Deerfield Beach, Florida with his wife of 30 years, Cynthia. They have 5 children and 7 grandchildren, as well as 1 great-grandchild.
References
External links
College & NBA stats @ basketballreference.com
http://www.jpproclaim.org/
1963 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Argentina
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American men's basketball players
Atlanta Hawks draft picks
Basketball players from Camden, New Jersey
Camden High School (New Jersey) alumni
Fenerbahçe men's basketball players
Golden State Warriors players
Hapoel Jerusalem B.C. players
Israeli Basketball Premier League players
Los Angeles Lakers players
Louisville Cardinals men's basketball players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Miami Heat expansion draft picks
Miami Heat players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Peñarol de Mar del Plata basketball players
Rapid City Thrillers players
Small forwards
Universiade medalists in basketball
Universiade silver medalists for the United States
Medalists at the 1985 Summer Universiade
American expatriate basketball people in the Philippines
Philippine Basketball Association imports
San Miguel Beermen players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Thompson%20%28basketball%29 |
Billy Thompson may refer to:
Billy Thompson (baseball) (1874–1960), American baseball player
Billy Thompson (basketball) (born 1963), American basketball player
Billy Thompson (boxer) (1923–2009), British and European champion lightweight boxer
Billy Thompson (footballer, born 1886) (1886–1933), English footballer
Billy Thompson (gunman) (1845–1897), Old West gunman and gambler
Billy Thompson (ice hockey) (born 1982), Canadian hockey player
Billy Thompson (soccer, born 1968), American soccer player
Billy Thompson (soccer, born 1990), American soccer player
Billy Thompson (American football) (born 1946), American football player
See also
Billy Thomson (disambiguation)
Bill Thompson (disambiguation)
William Thompson (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Thompson |
Brewing Up with Billy Bragg is the second album by Billy Bragg, released in 1984.
While his debut album Life's a Riot with Spy vs Spy (1983) was performed by Bragg accompanied only by his guitar, Brewing Up with Billy Bragg began to use subtle overdubs, such as backing vocals on "Love Gets Dangerous", trumpet on "The Saturday Boy" and organ on "A Lover Sings".
The album also continued Bragg's legacy of political songs. "It Says Here" is a bitingly satirical attack on the British tabloid press and "Island of No Return" is a concise anti-war anthem.
The album reached number 16 on the UK albums chart.
The cover of the original album has the subtitle "A Puckish Satire on Contemporary Mores," a quote from the Woody Allen film Love and Death, in which Allen's character reviews an army play presented to Russian soldiers to prevent them from becoming infected with venereal diseases while at war.
Versions
The album was originally released on vinyl in 1984 with 11 tracks. In 1987 the album was again released along with the album Life's a Riot with Spy vs Spy (1983) and the EP Between the Wars (1985) and titled Back to Basics. Back to Basics was reissued in 1990. Brewing Up with Billy Bragg was reissued on its own in 1997.
In 2006, as part of a planned series of reissues of albums in his back catalogue, Brewing Up with Billy Bragg was remastered and reissued for the first time on CD with a number of bonus tracks. These tracks included covers of "Back to the Old House" by The Smiths (with Smiths guitarist Johnny Marr playing guitar) and "The Last Time" by The Rolling Stones. The bonus tracks also include the Between the Wars EP.
Reception
Brewing Up with Billy Bragg was ranked number six among the "Albums of the Year" for 1984 by NME.
In 2000, Q placed Brewing Up with Billy Bragg at number 87 on its list of the "100 Greatest British Albums Ever".
Track listing
All songs written by Billy Bragg, except where noted.
Disc one
"It Says Here" – 4:18
"Love Gets Dangerous" – 2:23
"The Myth of Trust" – 2:54
"From a Vauxhall Velox" – 2:31
"The Saturday Boy" – 3:30
"Island of No Return" – 3:37
"St Swithin's Day" – 3:54
"Like Soldiers Do" – 2:39
"This Guitar Says Sorry" – 2:31
"Strange Things Happen" – 2:38
"A Lover Sings" – 3:54
Disc two (2006 reissue)
"It Must Be a River" – 2:19
"I Won't Talk About It" – 5:06
"Talking Wag Club Blues" – 2:59
"You Got the Power" (James Brown, George Terry) – 3:10
"The Last Time" (Mick Jagger, Keith Richards) – 2:55
"Back to the Old House" (Morrissey, Johnny Marr) – 2:53
"A Lover Sings" (alternative version) – 3:58
"Which Side Are You On?" (Florence Reece, Bragg) – 2:34
"It Says Here" (alternate version) – 2:36
"Between the Wars" – 2:30
"The World Turned Upside Down" (Leon Rosselson) – 2:35
Personnel
Musicians
Billy Bragg – vocals, guitar
Dave Woodhead – trumpet
Kenny Craddock – organ
Production
Edward de Bono – producer
Kenny Jones – engineer
Tim Young – digitally remastered by
Duncan Cowell – digitally remastered by
Heeps Willard - cover illustration
Footnotes
References
Official Billy Bragg discography
2006 reissue CD liner notes
Billy Bragg albums
1984 albums
Go! Discs albums
Cooking Vinyl albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewing%20Up%20with%20Billy%20Bragg |
Herman Brad Baxter (born May 5, 1967) is a former professional American football running back who played in the National Football League from 1989 to 1995. Drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the eleventh round of the 1989 NFL Draft, Baxter failed to make the team but caught on with the New York Jets.
After not seeing the field in 1989 Baxter, the team's starting fullback, made his mark in 1990 by rushing for 539 yards on 124 carries in ten starts. Baxter had perhaps his best year as a pro in 1991, as his eleven rushing touchdowns ranked third in the NFL (leading the AFC]] and he rushed for a career high 666 yards as the Jets made the playoffs. His rushing numbers increased in 1992 as he recorded 696 yards and six touchdowns.
After the 1993 season, Baxter's rushing totals began to diminish as he was featured less and less in the offense. He missed the first week of mandatory minicamp in May 1996 due to an incident involving his off-season vocation as a truck driver transporting cattle between Enterprise, Alabama and Amarillo, Texas. During his final haul the day before reporting for the start of camp, he was detained for twelve hours in Augusta, Georgia when United States Department of Transportation inspectors checked his logbook and discovered that he had been on the road too long without a break. He fell out of favor with head coach Rich Kotite and offensive coordinator Ron Erhardt, was replaced by Richie Anderson as the starting fullback and released by the Jets on August 25, 1996.
References
1967 births
Living people
American football running backs
Alabama State Hornets football players
New York Jets players
Players of American football from Dothan, Alabama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad%20Baxter |
Traditional Kazakh cuisine is the traditional food of the Kazakh people. It is focused on mutton and horse meat, as well as various milk products. For hundreds of years, Kazakhs were herders who raised fat-tailed sheep, Bactrian camels, and horses, relying on these animals for transportation, clothing, and food. The cooking techniques and major ingredients have been strongly influenced by the nation's nomadic way of life. For example, most cooking techniques are aimed at long-term preservation of food. There is a large practice of salting and drying meat so that it will last, and there is a preference for sour milk, as it is easier to save in a nomadic lifestyle.
Meat in various forms has always been the primary ingredient of Kazakh cuisine, and traditional Kazakh cooking is based on boiling. Horse and mutton are the most popular forms of meat and are most often served in large uncut pieces which have been boiled. Kazakhs cared especially for horses which they intended to slaughter—keeping them separate from other animals and feeding them so much that they often became so fat they had difficulty moving.
Common and traditional dishes
Meat dishes
The majority of Kazakh cuisine is () – four kinds of cattle (i.e. four kinds of meat): horses, camels, cows, and sheep. Horse and camel meat are the two main types of festive meats, with horse being the main and camel being not as common for festivities (as camels in Kazakhstan are not as common as horses). Sheep and cow meat are more common meats and are eaten more in everyday life.
Etqamyr () or (), a dish consisting of boiled horse or mutton meat is the most popular Kazakh dish, and the national dish of Kazakhstan. It is also called "five fingers" because of the way it is eaten. The chunks of boiled meat are cut and served by the host in order of the guests’ importance. is usually eaten with a boiled pasta sheet, and a meat broth called (), and is traditionally served in Kazakh bowls called (). () is another Kazakh's national dish.
Other popular meat dishes are (), which is a horse meat sausage that only the wealthy could afford, () (horse meat sausages), , a dish made from roasted horse, sheep, or cow offal, with the heart, liver, kidneys, and other organs, diced and served with onions and peppers, and various horse delicacies, such as () (smoked lard from horse's neck) and () (salted and smoked meat from horse's hip and hind leg).
Another popular dish is (), which is made from meat fried with carrots, onions or garlic, then cooked with rice.
, also known as crackler, is melted fat in a large bowl with sugar, eaten by dipping it with bread and is often served with tea. () is a sausage made during fall and winter slaughtering and is made by stuffing intestines with pieces of ground meat, fat, blood, garlic, salt, and black pepper. (), also known as käwap (), is popular among hunters and travelers and is a dish in which small pieces of meat are roasted over a fire. () is a dish made from the heart, aorta, and fat of a horse, prepared in a kettle, and is often shared between sisters-in-law as a sign of unity.
() is a sausage eaten in the spring when a cow has a new calf; it is a giant sausage sometimes served with rice or . () is a dish made from sheep's brain, made by putting the brain in a wooden bowl, adding marrow, pieces of meat, salted fat in broth, and garlic, and this dish is then often served to honored guests. () is a large camel bone distributed to children after slaughtering and cooking meat from a camel.
is another kind of sausage eaten later in the year after it has aged—if smoked it will last a long time, something important in Kazakh cooking. is the layer of fat under a horse's mane and is served only to special and honored guests, as it is such a rare commodity. is the rump of a horse, probably served boiled. () is a white broth made in the fall, and is a special meal for rich men. () is a meal which used to be served to kinsmen at wedding parties. It is made from boiled meat, sliced thinly, then sour milk and salted broth are added.
() is salted horsemeat that smoked over elm, juniper or meadowsweet.
=== Milk dishes ===
Traditional milk products include (), which is boiled milk. () is sour cream made from boiled milk, and is sometimes served with tea. () is butter made from old milk, often in a leather bag. is prepared by pressing thick sour cream, and is dried until white and salty. () is a cottage cheese processed in the spring, made from boiled, unskimmed milk and added sour cream.
() and () are strained and thickened sour milk. () is a herdsman's food, which is thickened milk made out on the steppe. () is made from the scum on the sides of a metal pot and is used as medicine. () is sour milk used in winter and summer. (), which is radish salad, and finally, () and () (fermented camel’s milk and fermented mare’s milk) are seen as good for one’s health and are imbibed often.
=== Breads ===
The introduction of flour to Kazakh cuisine brought about dishes such as (), (), (), and (). is made by frying dough balls, and is a flat cake made in a similar fashion. , a very popular Kazakh dish, is a spiced mixture of ground lamb (or beef) spiced with black pepper, enclosed in a dough wrapper. are cooked in a multi-level steamer and served topped with butter, sour cream, or onion sauce. is a type of traditional bread made in the oven, popular in cities along the Silk Way. (), (), and () are flat puff cakes fried in oil then covered in cream. Another sweet is ().
Beverages
[[File:Kumys-bottle.jpg|thumb|upright|A bottle and glass of qymyz]]
The traditional drinks are fermented mare's milk (), camel's milk (), cow's milk (Ayran''), and sheep's milk, as well as their products (sour cream), or (buttermilk), (which is made from dried cheese and whey rolled into balls), and (dried sour milk product similar to , but not rolled into balls). These drinks were traditionally consumed with the main course. However, meals often end with and then tea. In the summer, is one of the staple drinks of the Adai Kazakhs. Black tea was introduced from China after the foundation of the Silk Way and was traditionally consumed with sweets after the main course. Nowadays it has virtually replaced other traditional drinks and every meal is accompanied with tea. The tea ceremony, taking its roots from the nomads many centuries ago, is a special () ritual in Kazakhstan. Kazakh tea is typically strong black tea with milk or cream.
Desserts
The most common traditional sweets are , , (also known by the Tatar name ), and (). They are easy to prepare in nomadic conditions - in a cauldron, and today are traditionally prepared for any celebration undoubtedly being an additional decoration of the festive table.
Influential cuisines
In addition to traditional nomadic practices and the internal development of Kazakh food and cuisine, other countries and ethnic groups have had a large influence on the food and food culture of Kazakhstan. These ethnic groups included Russians, Tatars, Ukrainians, Uzbeks, Germans, Uyghurs, Koreans, and many more. Although traditional Kazakh cuisine is based on meat and milk products, more recently, vegetables, fish and seafood, baked dishes, and sweets have been added to Kazakh cuisine.
Practice and ritual
In nomadic cookery, the amount of equipment is minimal because it must be transported from location to location to follow the grazing herds. In addition, there are no luxuries such as electricity or running water. The iron kazan is the most indispensable piece of cookware—it is used for cooking pilaf, soups, and even bread—if the kazan is shallow, it can be turned over to cook flatbread on the back. Many parts of the sheep and goat are used for holding milk products or for making cheese.
The host of the meal cuts the meat themself and gives the best cuts to more honored people or to children. This meat is most often eaten with thin boiled pieces of pastry. Sometimes the most honored guest at a meal will receive a cooked head of a ram, which is passed around in ceremonial or ritual practice. A guest is always given the place of honor and a special welcome in Kazakh practice.
Kazakhs traditionally eat at a low table called a dastarqan. Kazakhs also maintain a tradition of using beautiful dishware when possible. is served in wide bowls decorated with silver or in painted cups, and meat is often served on wide platters. Tea is steeped in ornate teapots and served in lovely cups. Unusual ingredients such as dried melon and small intestines were regularly woven into interesting patterns, and the bread boasted floral designs painted with berry juice. Bigger and deeper bowls are used to serve dairy products, and small wooden basins are used for making dough. Further more, each family has their own wooden spoons, which are cared for and transported in felt and wooden cases, showing their importance in food culture in Kazakhstan.
Kazakhs like other Central Asian nations have some special rules of "tea ceremony". Traditionally it is not allowed to pour tea to the brim of the cup called . The less tea is poured the more respect is given to the guest. It is explained by saying that if the host pours too much tea, it looks like he wants the guest to leave sooner. The less tea is poured, the more the host has to pour it over and over again, so that the guest always has hot tea, which shows care for the guest. However, different regions may have different understandings of the amount of "tea with respect".
See also
, a traditional sausage-like food of Kazakhs, Tatars, Kyrgyz, and other ethnic groups mainly of Central Asia, particularly those of Turkic origin.
Historian and ethnographer, Aigerim Musagazhinova, restored over 200 traditional and forgotten Kazakh recipes in a TV series called "The Mysteries Around Us".
References
External links
Kazakh food and traditions
Kazakh dining
New York Times article on the role of horses in Kazakhstan society and cuisine, describing a village horse slaughter and recipes
Central Asian cuisine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh%20cuisine |
Peter Falconer Beathard ( ; born March 7, 1942) is a former American football quarterback who played professionally in the American Football League (AFL), the National Football League (NFL), and the World Football League (WFL). He is the younger brother of former NFL executive Bobby Beathard and is current Jacksonville Jaguars quarterback C. J. Beathard’s great-uncle.
College career
Born and raised in southern California, Beathard graduated from El Segundo High School in 1960 and played college football in Los Angeles at USC.
As a junior, he led the Trojans to the national championship in 1962. Both he and Ron Vander Kelen, the Wisconsin quarterback were named the Players Of The Game in the 1963 Rose Bowl, which USC won, 42–37.
Professional career
Beathard was the fifth overall selection in 1964 NFL draft (Detroit Lions) and the second overall pick in the AFL draft by the Kansas City Chiefs, where he signed and backed up Len Dawson.
In October 1967, Beathard was traded during his fourth season to the Houston Oilers in exchange for defensive tackle Ernie Ladd and quarterback Jacky Lee. He led the Oilers to the Eastern division title, but lost 40–7 to the Oakland Raiders in the AFL championship game. Beathard's playing time in 1968 was curtailed due to appendicitis, and in 1969 he took the Oilers to the four-team AFL playoffs.
Beathard was traded to the Cardinals in 1970, the Rams in August 1972, and returned to the Chiefs in 1973.
In March 1974, he was selected by the Houston Texans in the first round (10th overall) of the WFL Pro Draft. He was waived by the Chiefs in September 1974, he finished his pro career in the short-lived World Football League (WFL), with the Portland Storm in 1974, and the Chicago Winds in 1975. He was briefly on the roster of the Oakland Raiders in October 1975.
See also
List of American Football League players
References
External links
1942 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
USC Trojans football players
Houston Oilers players
St. Louis Cardinals (football) players
Los Angeles Rams players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Chicago Winds players
Portland Storm players
Players of American football from Los Angeles County, California
People from Hermosa Beach, California
American Football League players
El Segundo High School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete%20Beathard |
Workers Playtime is a 1988 album by Billy Bragg. Originally released on the Go! Discs label, it is his fourth release but third full-length album. It was reissued on compact disc in September 1996 on the Cooking Vinyl label before being remastered, expanded and reissued in 2006 on Cooking Vinyl in the UK and on the Yep Roc label in the United States.
The album reached number 18 in the UK albums chart.
It was voted number 499 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000).
The original album cover has the subtitle "Capitalism Is Killing Music", referring to the British Phonographic Industry's then-current campaign that "Home Taping Is Killing Music".
The album originally had a region- and format-specific price printed on the artwork, signifying the maximum price the album should be sold for (as "Pay no more than"), similar to Bragg's previous albums. For example, in the UK, no more than £4.99 should have been paid for the LP or cassette and £7.99 for the compact disc. Other prices included $15.99 for the LP or cassette in the US and AUD$23.99 for the Compact Disc in Australia. This particular aspect of the album was referenced in the TV series John Safran's Music Jamboree. The prices were removed on subsequent re-releases.
Track listing
All tracks written by Billy Bragg except where noted.
Disc one
"She's Got a New Spell" – 3:26
"Must I Paint You a Picture?" – 5:32
"Tender Comrade" – 2:50
"The Price I Pay" – 3:34
"Little Time Bomb" – 2:17
"Rotting on Remand" – 3:37
"Valentine's Day is Over" – 4:53
"Life With the Lions" – 3:06
"The Only One" – 3:26
"The Short Answer" – 4:59
"Waiting for the Great Leap Forwards" – 4:35
Disc two (2006 reissue)
"The Only One" (demo version) – 3:36
"The Price I Pay" (demo version) – 4:01
"Love Has No Pride" (Eric Kaz, Libby Titus) – 3:35
"That's Entertainment" (Paul Weller) – 3:53
"She's Got a New Spell" (demo version) – 2:44
"The Short Answer" (demo version) – 5:21
"Little Time Bomb" (demo version) – 2:21
"Bad Penny" (demo version) – 3:05
"Reason to Believe" (live) (Tim Hardin) – 2:12
"Must I Paint You a Picture?" (extended version) – 7:13
"Raglan Road" (live) (Patrick Kavanagh, traditional) – 3:46
Personnel
Musicians
Billy Bragg – vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, triangle
Danny Thompson – double bass
Cara Tivey – piano, vocals, Hammond C-3 organ
Micky Waller – drums
Wiggy – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, 12 string guitar, slide guitar, backing vocals
Tony Maronie – percussion
Bruce Thomas – bass guitar
Dave Woodhead – trumpets, flugelhorn
B. J. Cole – pedal steel guitar
Martin Belmont – electric guitar
Barb Jungr – harmonica
Julia Palmer – cello
Camilla Brunt – violin
Kenny Jones – 6 and 12 string acoustic guitar
Theresa Pamplin – viola
Donna Welchman – violin
Porky – backing vocals
Jayne Creamer – backing vocals
Kaya Jenner – backing vocals
Michelle Shocked – backing vocals
Production
Joe Boyd – producer
Wiggy – producer
Martin Hayles – engineer
Graham Dear – assistant engineer
Lawrence Watson – photography
Liu Chich-Kuei – artwork
Thumbnail – design
References
Information from the Official Billy Bragg website discography and the 2006 reissue CD liner notes unless otherwise noted.
Billy Bragg albums
1988 albums
Albums produced by Joe Boyd
Go! Discs albums
Cooking Vinyl albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers%20Playtime%20%28album%29 |
Familien (English: The Family) is a Norwegian biweekly family magazine published in Oslo, Norway.
History and profile
The magazine was started in 1939 under the name Christian Youth. It was renamed Familien in 1959. It was part of A/S Hjemmet until 1984 when it was acquired by Hjemmet Mortensen AS, which owned it until 1992.
Familien is owned by the Egmont Group. The magazine is published by Hjemmet Mortensen AB on a biweekly basis. Its target group is mature women, and its editor is Ivar Moe. The magazine is based in Oslo.
Familien had a circulation of 95,100 copies in 1981 and 101,900 copies in 1982. The circulation of the magazine was 132,900 copies in 2006, making it the fourth best-selling magazine in the country. In 2013 it was the third best-selling magazine in Norway with a circulation of 97,324 copies. The magazine sold 57,205 copies in 2022.
See also
List of magazines in Norway
References
External links
Website
Family Money Magazine
1939 establishments in Norway
Biweekly magazines
Magazines established in 1939
Magazines published in Oslo
Norwegian-language magazines
Women's magazines published in Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familien |
Andrew Mattei Gleason (November 4, 1921October 17, 2008) was an American mathematician who made fundamental contributions to widely varied areas of mathematics, including the solution of Hilbert's fifth problem, and was a leader in reform and innovation in teaching at all levels.<ref
name="mactutor"></ref> Gleason's theorem in quantum logic and the Greenwood–Gleason graph, an important example in Ramsey theory, are named for him.
As a young World War II naval officer, Gleason broke German and Japanese military codes. After the war he spent his entire academic career at Harvard University, from which he retired in 1992. His numerous academic and scholarly leadership posts included chairmanship of the Harvard Mathematics Department and the Harvard Society of Fellows, and presidency of the American Mathematical Society. He continued to advise the United States government on cryptographic security, and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts on education for children, almost until the end of his life.
Gleason won the Newcomb Cleveland Prize in 1952 and the Gung–Hu Distinguished Service Award of the American Mathematical Society in 1996. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and of the American Philosophical Society, and held the Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard.
He was fond of saying that proofs "really aren't there to convince you that something is truethey're there to show you why it is true." The Notices of the American Mathematical Society called him "one of the quiet giants of twentieth-century mathematics, the consummate professor dedicated to scholarship, teaching, and service in equal measure."
Biography
Gleason was born in Fresno, California, the youngest of three children;
his father Henry Gleason was a botanist and a member of the Mayflower Society, and his mother was the daughter of Swiss-American winemaker Andrew Mattei.
His older brother Henry Jr. became a linguist.
He grew up in Bronxville, New York, where his father was the curator of the New York Botanical Garden.<ref
name="mmp">
.
</ref>
After briefly attending Berkeley High School (Berkeley, California)
he graduated from Roosevelt High School in Yonkers, winning a scholarship to Yale University.
Though Gleason's mathematics education had gone only so far as some self-taught calculus, Yale mathematician William Raymond Longley urged him to try a course in mechanics normally intended for juniors.
One month later he enrolled in a differential equations course ("mostly full of seniors") as well. When Einar Hille temporarily replaced the regular instructor, Gleason found Hille's style "unbelievably different ... He had a view of mathematics that was just vastly different ... That was a very important experience for me. So after that I took a lot of courses from Hille" including, in his sophomore year, graduate-level real analysis. "Starting with that course with Hille, I began to have some sense of what mathematics is about."
While at Yale he competed three times (1940, 1941 and 1942) in the recently founded William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition, always placing among the top five entrants in the country (making him the second three-time Putnam Fellow).
After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor during his senior year, Gleason applied for a commission in the US Navy,<ref
name="secret-life">.
</ref>
and on graduation
joined the team working to break Japanese naval codes.
(Others on this team included his future collaborator Robert E. Greenwood and Yale professor Marshall Hall Jr.)
He also collaborated with British researchers attacking the German Enigma cipher;
Alan Turing, who spent substantial time with Gleason while visiting Washington, called him "the brilliant young Yale graduate mathematician" in a report of his visit.
In 1946, at the recommendation of Navy colleague Donald Howard Menzel, Gleason was appointed a Junior Fellow at Harvard.
An early goal of the Junior Fellows program was to allow young scholars showing extraordinary promise to sidestep the lengthy PhD process; four years later Harvard appointed Gleason an assistant professor of mathematics,
though he was almost immediately recalled to Washington for cryptographic work related to the Korean War.
He returned to Harvard in the fall of 1952, and soon after published the most important of his results on Hilbert's fifth problem (see below).
Harvard awarded him tenure the following year.
In January 1959 he married Jean Berko
whom he had met at a party featuring the music of Tom Lehrer.<ref
name="lww">.
</ref>
Berko, a psycholinguist, worked for many years at Boston University.
They had three daughters.
In 1969 Gleason took the Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy. Established in 1727, this is the oldest scientific endowed professorship in the US.
He retired from Harvard in 1992 but remained active in service to Harvard (as chair of the Society of Fellows, for example)
and to mathematics: in particular, promoting the Harvard Calculus Reform Project and working with the Massachusetts Board of Education.
He died in 2008 from complications following surgery.
Teaching and education reform
Gleason said he "always enjoyed helping other people with math"a colleague said he "regarded teaching mathematicslike doing mathematicsas both important and also genuinely fun."
At fourteen, during his brief attendance at Berkeley High School, he found himself not only bored with first-semester geometry, but also helping other students with their homeworkincluding those taking the second half of the course, which he soon began auditing.<ref
name="amsx">.
</ref>
At Harvard he "regularly taught at every level", including administratively burdensome multisection courses.
One class presented Gleason with a framed print of Picasso's Mother and Child in recognition of his care for them.
In 1964 he created "the first of the 'bridge' courses now ubiquitous for math majors, only twenty years before its time." Such a course is designed to teach new students, accustomed to rote learning of mathematics in secondary school, how to reason abstractly and construct mathematical proofs. That effort led to publication of his Fundamentals of Abstract Analysis, of which one reviewer wrote:
But Gleason's "talent for exposition" did not always imply that the reader would be enlightened without effort of his own. Even in a wartime memo on the urgently important decryption of the German Enigma cipher, Gleason and his colleagues wrote:
His notes and exercises on probability and statistics, drawn up for his lectures to code-breaking colleagues during the war (see below) remained in use in National Security Agency training for several decades; they were published openly in 1985.
In a 1964 Science article, Gleason wrote of an apparent paradox arising in attempts to explain mathematics to nonmathematicians:
Gleason was the first chairman of the advisory committee of the School Mathematics Study Group, which helped define the New Math of the 1960sambitious changes in American elementary and high school mathematics teaching emphasizing understanding of concepts over rote algorithms. Gleason was "always interested in how people learn"; as part of the New Math effort he spent most mornings over several months with second-graders. Some years later he gave a talk in which he described his goal as having been:
In 1986 he helped found the Calculus Consortium, which has published a successful and influential series of "calculus reform" textbooks for college and high school, on precalculus, calculus, and other areas. His "credo for this program as for all of his teaching was that the ideas should be based in equal parts of geometry for visualization of the concepts, computation for grounding in the real world, and algebraic manipulation for power." However, the program faced heavy criticism from the mathematics community for its omission of topics such as the mean value theorem, and for its perceived lack of mathematical rigor.
Cryptanalysis work
During World War II Gleason was part of OP-20-G, the U.S. Navy's signals intelligence and cryptanalysis group.
One task of this group, in collaboration with British cryptographers at Bletchley Park such as Alan Turing, was to penetrate German Enigma machine communications networks. The British had great success with two of these networks, but the third, used for German-Japanese naval coordination, remained unbroken because of a faulty assumption that it employed a simplified version of Enigma. After OP-20-G's Marshall Hall observed that certain metadata in Berlin-to-Tokyo transmissions used letter sets disjoint from those used in Tokyo-to-Berlin metadata, Gleason hypothesized that the corresponding unencrypted letters sets were A-M (in one direction) and N-Z (in the other), then devised novel statistical tests by which he confirmed this hypothesis. The result was routine decryption of this third network by 1944. (This work also involved deeper related to permutation groups and the graph isomorphism problem.)
OP-20-G then turned to the Japanese navy's "Coral" cipher. A key tool for the attack on Coral was the "Gleason crutch", a form of Chernoff bound on tail distributions of sums of independent random variables. Gleason's classified work on this bound predated Chernoff's work by a decade.
Toward the end of the war he concentrated on documenting the work of OP-20-G and developing systems for training new cryptographers.
In 1950 Gleason returned to active duty for the Korean War, serving as a Lieutenant Commander in the Nebraska Avenue Complex (which much later became the home of the DHS Cyber Security Division). His cryptographic work from this period remains classified, but it is known that he recruited mathematicians and taught them cryptanalysis.
He served on the advisory boards for the National Security Agency and the Institute for Defense Analyses, and he continued to recruit, and to advise the military on cryptanalysis, almost to the end of his life.
Mathematics research
Gleason made fundamental contributions to widely varied areas of mathematics, including the theory of Lie groups, quantum mechanics,<ref
name="ag-qm">.
</ref>
and combinatorics.
According to Freeman Dyson's famous classification of mathematicians as being either birds or frogs,
Gleason was a frog: he worked as a problem solver rather than a visionary formulating grand theories.<ref
name=50years>.</ref>
Hilbert's fifth problem
In 1900 David Hilbert posed 23 problems he felt would be central to next century of mathematics research. Hilbert's fifth problem concerns the characterization of Lie groups by their actions on topological spaces: to what extent does their topology provide information sufficient to determine their geometry?
The "restricted" version of Hilbert's fifth problem (solved by Gleason) asks, more specifically, whether every locally Euclidean topological group is a Lie group. That is, if a group G has the structure of a topological manifold, can that structure be strengthened to a real analytic structure, so that within any neighborhood of an element of G, the group law is defined by a convergent power series, and so that overlapping neighborhoods have compatible power series definitions? Prior to Gleason's work, special cases of the problem had been solved by Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer, John von Neumann, Lev Pontryagin, and Garrett Birkhoff, among others.<ref
name="illman">.
</ref>
Gleason's interest in the fifth problem began in the late 1940s, sparked by a course he took from George Mackey.
In 1949 he published a paper introducing the "no small subgroups" property of Lie groups (the existence of a neighborhood of the identity within which no nontrivial subgroup exists) that would eventually be crucial to its solution.
His 1952 paper on the subject, together with a paper published concurrently by Deane Montgomery and Leo Zippin, solves affirmatively the restricted version of Hilbert's fifth problem, showing that indeed every locally Euclidean group is a Lie group. Gleason's contribution was to prove that this is true when G has the no small subgroups property; Montgomery and Zippin showed every locally Euclidean group has this property. As Gleason told the story, the key insight of his proof was to apply the fact that monotonic functions are differentiable almost everywhere. On finding the solution, he took a week of leave to write it up, and it was printed in the Annals of Mathematics alongside the paper of Montgomery and Zippin; another paper a year later by Hidehiko Yamabe removed some technical side conditions from Gleason's proof.
The "unrestricted" version of Hilbert's fifth problem, closer to Hilbert's original formulation, considers both a locally Euclidean group G and another manifold M on which G has a continuous action. Hilbert asked whether, in this case, M and the action of G could be given a real analytic structure. It was quickly realized that the answer was negative, after which attention centered on the restricted problem. However, with some additional smoothness assumptions on G and M, it might yet be possible to prove the existence of a real analytic structure on the group action. The Hilbert–Smith conjecture, still unsolved, encapsulates the remaining difficulties of this case.
Quantum mechanics
The Born rule states that an observable property of a quantum system is defined by a Hermitian operator on a separable Hilbert space, that the only observable values of the property are the eigenvalues of the operator, and that the probability of the system being observed in a particular eigenvalue is the square of the absolute value of the complex number obtained by projecting the state vector (a point in the Hilbert space) onto the corresponding eigenvector.
George Mackey had asked whether Born's rule is a necessary consequence of a particular set of axioms for quantum mechanics, and more specifically whether every measure on the lattice of projections of a Hilbert space can be defined by a positive operator with unit trace. Though Richard Kadison proved this was false for two-dimensional Hilbert spaces, Gleason's theorem (published 1957) shows it to be true for higher dimensions.
Gleason's theorem implies the nonexistence of certain types of hidden variable theories for quantum mechanics, strengthening a previous argument of John von Neumann. Von Neumann had claimed to show that hidden variable theories were impossible, but (as Grete Hermann pointed out) his demonstration made an assumption that quantum systems obeyed a form of additivity of expectation for noncommuting operators that might not hold a priori. In 1966, John Stewart Bell showed that Gleason's theorem could be used to remove this extra assumption from von Neumann's argument.
Ramsey theory
The Ramsey number R(k,l) is the smallest number r such that every graph with at least r vertices contains either a k-vertex clique or an l-vertex independent set. Ramsey numbers require enormous effort to compute; when max(k,l) ≥ 3 only finitely many of them are known precisely, and an exact computation of R(6,6) is believed to be out of reach. In 1953, the calculation of R(3,3) was given as a question in the Putnam Competition; in 1955, motivated by this problem, Gleason and his co-author Robert E. Greenwood made significant progress in the computation of Ramsey numbers with their proof that R(3,4) = 9, R(3,5) = 14, and R(4,4) = 18. Since then, only five more of these values have been found. In the same 1955 paper, Greenwood and Gleason also computed the multicolor Ramsey number R(3,3,3): the smallest number r such that, if a complete graph on r vertices has its edges colored with three colors, then it necessarily contains a monochromatic triangle. As they showed, R(3,3,3) = 17; this remains the only nontrivial multicolor Ramsey number whose exact value is known. As part of their proof, they used an algebraic construction to show that a 16-vertex complete graph can be decomposed into three disjoint copies of a triangle-free 5-regular graph with 16 vertices and 40 edges<ref
name="spencer-dm">.
</ref>
(sometimes called the Greenwood–Gleason graph).
Ronald Graham writes that the paper by Greenwood and Gleason "is now recognized as a classic in the development of Ramsey theory". In the late 1960s, Gleason became the doctoral advisor of Joel Spencer, who also became known for his contributions to Ramsey theory.<ref
name="mathgenealogy">
</ref>
Coding theory
Gleason published few contributions to coding theory, but they were influential ones, and included "many of the seminal ideas and early results" in algebraic coding theory. During the 1950s and 1960s, he attended monthly meetings on coding theory with Vera Pless and others at the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory. Pless, who had previously worked in abstract algebra but became one of the world's leading experts in coding theory during this time, writes that "these monthly meetings were what I
lived for." She frequently posed her mathematical problems to Gleason and was often rewarded with a quick and insightful response.
The Gleason–Prange theorem is named after Gleason's work with AFCRL researcher Eugene Prange; it was originally published in a 1964 AFCRL research report by H. F. Mattson Jr. and E. F. Assmus Jr.
It concerns the quadratic residue code of order n, extended by adding a single parity check bit. This "remarkable theorem" shows that this code is highly symmetric, having the projective linear group PSL2(n) as a subgroup of its symmetries.
Gleason is the namesake of the Gleason polynomials, a system of polynomials that generate the weight enumerators of linear codes. These polynomials take a particularly simple form for self-dual codes: in this case there are just two of them, the two bivariate polynomials x2 + y2 and x8 + 14x2y2 + y8. Gleason's student Jessie MacWilliams continued Gleason's work in this area, proving a relationship between the weight enumerators of codes and their duals that has become known as the MacWilliams identity.
In this area, he also did pioneering work in experimental mathematics, performing computer experiments in 1960. This work studied the average distance to a codeword, for a code related to the Berlekamp switching game.
Other areas
Gleason founded the theory of Dirichlet algebras,
and made other contributions including work on
finite geometry and on
the enumerative combinatorics of permutations.
(In 1959 he wrote that his research "sidelines" included "an intense interest in combinatorial problems.")
As well, he was not above publishing research in more elementary mathematics, such as the derivation of the set of polygons that can be constructed with compass, straightedge, and an angle trisector.
Awards and honors
In 1952 Gleason was awarded the American Association for the Advancement of Science's Newcomb Cleveland Prize
for his work on Hilbert's fifth problem.
He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society, was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences,
and belonged to the Société Mathématique de France.
In 1981 and 1982 he was president of the American Mathematical Society,
and at various times held numerous other posts in professional and scholarly organizations,
including chairmanship of the Harvard Department of Mathematics.
In 1986 he chaired the organizing committee for the International Congress of Mathematicians in Berkeley, California, and was president of the Congress.
In 1996 the Harvard Society of Fellows held a special symposium honoring Gleason on his retirement after seven years as its chairman;
that same year, the Mathematics Association of America awarded him the Yueh-Gin Gung and Dr. Charles Y. Hu Distinguished Service to Mathematics Award.
A past president of the Association wrote:
After his death a 32-page collection of essays in the Notices of the American Mathematical Society recalled "the life and work of [this] eminent American mathematician",
calling him "one of the quiet giants of twentieth-century mathematics, the consummate professor dedicated to scholarship, teaching, and service in equal measure."
Selected publications
Research papers
.
.
.
.
.
.
Books
. Corrected reprint, Boston: Jones and Bartlett, 1991, .
.
. Unclassified reprint of a book originally published in 1957 by the National Security Agency, Office of Research and Development, Mathematical Research Division.
. Since its original publications this book has been extended to many different editions and variations with additional co-authors.
Film
. 63 minutes, black & white. Produced by Richard G. Long and directed by Allan Hinderstein.
See also
Bell's critique of von Neumann's proof
Pierpont prime, a class of prime numbers conjectured by Gleason to be infinite
Notes
References
External links
1921 births
2008 deaths
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
American cryptographers
Mathematical analysts
Coding theorists
Graph theorists
Quantum physicists
Harvard University Department of Mathematics faculty
Harvard University faculty
Putnam Fellows
Yale University alumni
Presidents of the American Mathematical Society
Hollis Chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
People from Fresno, California
Topologists
Mathematicians from California
United States Navy personnel of World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20M.%20Gleason |
"One of Our Submarines" is a song by British musician Thomas Dolby. The song was recorded in August 1982 and remains a favourite among Thomas Dolby fans. Originally written for the Thompson Twins, the track was released in a 12" extended version (found on the successful 1982 "Blinded by Science" EP) clocking in at 7:18, as well as in the album version found on The Golden Age of Wireless.
Inspiration
The inspiration for the song was Dolby's late uncle, who died as a submarine crewman during World War II. On February 2, 2018, Dolby published this statement on his personal Facebook page:
In 1981 I wrote a song called 'One Of Our Submarines.' It was the B-side to the single 'She Blinded Me With Science', and the two songs were included on a reissue of my debut album The Golden Age of Wireless.
In interviews I often told the story of my uncle, Stephen Spring-Rice, who was 2nd in command of a British Navy WW2 submarine P48 when it sank, with the loss of all hands. In the song lyrics, his submarine 'ran aground on manoeuvres.' I imagined this took place off the coast of England in a non-combat situation, near Plymouth where she was stationed. This was the story as I remembered it in family folklore—or as I pictured it at the time. (I have often written lyrics that rhymed and scanned and used poetic license, without much solid research behind them!) In 1981 not much was known or published about Stephen’s U-boat, P48, other than a book by the same title that included a dedication to 'Sprice.'
In the 35+ years since I wrote the song, a great deal more information about P48 has come to light. Certain naval records have become declassified. Commissioned in 1942, she had a short-lived but quite action-packed career. In particular, it is now known that Stephen’s sub, P48, was actually lost off the coast of Tunisia. She was depth charged by the on Christmas Day in 1942 at 37°15'N, 10°30'E, near to Zembra Island. She was tracking an important enemy ship convoy, one of which she may have destroyed. It is not clear whether she sank right away or survived initially only to perish elsewhere.
In the last few months, a dive expedition off the North African coast believe they have located the wreck of the P48 submarine. In July 2018 they hope to dive to the wreck, which may reveal a clearer picture of her sinking. Obviously, I’m very keen to follow their progress, and I will update the story I tell—though it’s a little too late to change the lyrics to 'One Of Our Submarines.'
Remixes
In 2002, an EP of techno remixes was released on Salz Music, including versions by Ricardo Villalobos and Hardfloor.
Personnel
Thomas Dolby – PPG Wave Computer, drum programs, lead vocals
Kevin Armstrong – Electric Guitar
Matthew Seligman – Bass Synthesizer
References
Thomas Dolby songs
1982 songs
Songs written by Thomas Dolby | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20of%20Our%20Submarines |
Charles Rosen (December 7, 1917 – December 8, 2002) was a pioneer in artificial intelligence and founder of SRI International's Artificial Intelligence Center. He led the project that led to the development of Shakey the Robot, "who" now resides in a glass case at the Computer History Museum, in Mountain View, California.
Early life and education
Raised in Montreal, Rosen became a student at Cooper Union and received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1940; he returned to Montreal to study at McGill University, where he received his M. Eng. (in communications) in 1950.
Career
While working at the General Electric Research Laboratory, in 1953 Rosen co-authored one of the first textbooks on transistor circuits. In 1956, Rosen received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Syracuse University (with a minor in solid state physics).
In 1957, Rosen joined the Stanford Research Institute, where he did much of his artificial intelligence work.
In 1959, Rosen co-founded Ridge Vineyards with SRI colleagues Hewitt Crane and David Bennion. Under their ownership, Ridge would go on to place fifth in the Judgment of Paris wine tasting.
In 1978, Rosen co-founded Machine Intelligence Corporation (MIC) with colleagues from SRI and elsewhere. He served as its first CEO. MIC developed the first commercially available industrial machine vision system, the VS-100, in his garage. MIC later spun out Symantec Corporation in 1982.
References
1917 births
2002 deaths
Scientists from Montreal
Cooper Union alumni
McGill University Faculty of Engineering alumni
Syracuse University alumni
Canadian computer scientists
Artificial intelligence researchers
Viticulturists
SRI International people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Rosen%20%28scientist%29 |
Hjemmet, pronounced "yemmeh" (English: Home) is a Norwegian weekly family magazine published in Oslo, Norway. It has been in circulation since 1909.
History and profile
Hjemmet was launched by the Hjemmet Mortensen AB in 1909, which merged with Ernst G. Mortensen, Egmont Group, in 1992. After the merge it became owned by the Egmont Group which also owns Hjemmet (Norway) and Hemmets Journal (Sweden). The publisher is the Hjemmet Mortensen AB. The editor is Lise Hansen. The magazine is headquartered in Oslo.
The magazine contains features, articles on food and interior decoration and crosswords. It is described as a family weekly and targets family-oriented women in their 40s or older. However, 27% of its readers were men in 2013.
Circulation
Hjemmet sold 238,857 copies in 2002. In 2003 its circulation was 237,000 copies, making it the best-selling general interest magazine in Norway. The circulation of the magazine was 182,555 copies in 2010. For the first six months of 2013 its circulation was 169,258 copies. Hjemmet was the best-selling magazine in Norway with a circulation of 161,585 copies in 2013. The Danish version of the magazine which is also published weekly had a circulation of 197,000 in 2003 and 108,000 copies in 2013. Its circulation was 112,215 copies in 2022.
See also
List of Norwegian magazines
References
External links
Official website
1909 establishments in Norway
Lifestyle magazines
Magazines established in 1909
Magazines published in Oslo
Norwegian-language magazines
Weekly magazines published in Norway
Women's magazines published in Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjemmet |
Pitane may refer to:
Pitane (Aeolis), an ancient coastal city of Aeolis, currently the site of Çandarlı, İzmir Province, Turkey
Pitane (Amazon), mythological eponym of Pitane (Aeolis)
Pitane (Laconia), an ancient settlement near Sparta
Pitane (moth), a moth genus in Family Erebidae
Pitane (nymph), daughter of Eurotas
See also
Pitana (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitane |
David Wesley Behrman (November 9, 1941 – December 9, 2014) was an American football offensive lineman who played in the American Football League (AFL) for the Buffalo Bills and Denver Broncos. He was the fourth overall pick in the 1963 AFL Draft by the Bills and the 11th pick in the 1963 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears. He also played in the Midwest Football League (MFL) for the Lansing All Stars / Capitals and Flint Sabres from 1972 to 1976.
College career
Behrman played college football at Michigan State University.
Professional career
Buffalo Bills
Behrman was the Bills' first-round draft pick in 1963 and played for them that year, but not in 1964. During the 1965 AFL season, Behrman became the Bills' starting center, replacing veteran Walt Cudzik, playing between left offensive guard Billy Shaw and right guard Al Bemiller. However, due to a back injury, Behrman did not play when the Bills won their second AFL Championship game over the San Diego Chargers by a score of 23–0 under head coach Lou Saban. That season, Behrman was an AFL All-Star center. However, he did not play in 1966, replaced by Bemiller.
Denver Broncos
Behrman played with the AFL's Denver Broncos during the 1967 AFL season when he played in 11 games.
Midwest Football League
Behrman signed with the Lansing All Stars of the Midwest Football League in September 1972. He played with the Flint Sabres in 1973 and 1974. He rejoined Lansing, now called the Lansing Capitals, in July 1975. He played with the Capitals through 1976.
Personal
On December 9, 2014, he died of pancreatic cancer. He was one of at least 345 NFL players to be diagnosed after death with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), caused by repeated hits to the head.
See also
Other American Football League players
References
1941 births
2014 deaths
People from Dowagiac, Michigan
Players of American football from Michigan
American football centers
American football offensive tackles
Michigan State Spartans football players
Buffalo Bills players
American Football League All-Star players
Denver Broncos (AFL) players
American Football League players
Midwest Football League (1962–1978) players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Behrman |
Andrea Kelly (born July 31, 1985), previously known as Andrea Crawford, is a Canadian curler from Fredericton, New Brunswick. She currently plays third on the Krista McCarville rink. She is a ten-time New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts champion skip, winning six straight titles from 2009–2014.
Career
Juniors
Kelly's first national experience came at the 2002 Canadian Junior Curling Championships, where she would represent New Brunswick. Her team would finish round robin with a 6–6 record and a seventh-place finish.
Although Kelly would not win the New Brunswick junior championship in 2003, she would attend the 2003 Canada Winter Games, where she won a bronze medal.
Kelly would return to the Canadian Junior Curling Championships in 2004, where her team would improve on their previous record. They would finish round robin in third place with a 9–3 record. She would face Quebec's Marie Cantin in the semifinal, and after a close game would lose 6–5, and take home the bronze medal.
Kelly and her team would repeat as New Brunswick champions in 2005, and again at the 2005 Canadian Junior Curling Championships she would finish round robin third with a 9–3 record. Her team would again meet Quebec and Cantin in the semifinal, this time defeating them 7–5. They would face Alberta's Desirée Robertson in the final, where they would win the game and the gold medal with a 9–6 final. At the 2005 World Junior Curling Championships, Kelly skipped Team Canada to a bronze medal.
In 2006, she was still eligible for Juniors, however she lost in her provincial championships.
2006–2011
After losing the junior provincial, Kelly entered the 2006 New Brunswick Scott Tournament of Hearts, where her team would finish round robin with a first place 6–1 record, receiving a bye to the final. She would meet veteran Heidi Hanlon in the final, where the team would win 8–7 and the right to represent New Brunswick at the 2006 Scott Tournament of Hearts. At the Hearts, the team finished round robin with a 5–6 record.
At the 2009 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Kelly and her team would finish round robin undefeated, with a 7–0 record. She would defeat Mary Jane McGuire in the final to win her second Scotties title. At the 2009 Scotties Tournament of Hearts the team would again finish round robin with a 5–6 record.
At the 2010 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Kelly would again repeat with an undefeated, 7–0 record in round robin play. She would face Ashley Howard in the final, and was again victorious winning 8–5. At the 2010 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Crawford, for a third straight appearance, would finish round robin with a 5-6 record.
Kelly qualified for the 2011 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts, and for a third consecutive year, finished the round robin undefeated with a 7–0 record. She faced Sylvie Robichaud in the final, and with a clean sweep won 7–2. At the 2011 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Kelly had her worst showing to date, finishing round robin play with a 3–8 record.
2011–2014
Following the 2010–11 season, Kelly made significant team changes. She parted ways with longtime teammates, third Denise Nowlan and lead Lianne Sobey, bringing former second and alternate Jodie deSolla as her new lead, and in a new move added Rebecca Atkinson to skip the team. Although Atkinson became the new skip, Kelly continued to throw fourth stones. This combination worked for the squad, and the team finished in first place in the round robin, with a 6–1 record at the 2012 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts. They defeated Mary Jane McGuire in the final, and for the fourth year in a row, Kelly represented New Brunswick at the 2012 Scotties Tournament of Hearts. The team struggled for the fourth time at a Scotties, and Kelly finished round robin play with a 5–6 record.
Kelly returned to skipping her team for the 2012–13 season and added Danielle Parsons to the second position. Her team again went undefeated at the 2013 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts, where they won the event by defeating Melissa Adams 13–6 in the final. At the 2013 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Kelly led her rink to the best finish of her career with a 6–5 record, which was still not good enough for the playoffs. At the 2014 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts, Crawford lost one game en route to winning her seventh provincial title. At the 2014 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, she just missed the playoffs again, finishing 6–5.
2014–present
In April 2014, it was announced that Kelly would be joining the Edmonton, Alberta-based Val Sweeting rink as her third. On October 28, Kelly left Team Sweeting to return to New Brunswick to deal with "personal issues". She was replaced by Lori Olson-Johns.
After leaving team Sweeting, Kelly did not curl competitively until the 2016–17 season, when she played for the Andrea Schöpp while living in Germany. That arrangement lasted just one season, with Kelly taking another season off before returning in 2018–19. Kelly won her first New Brunswick Scotties upon her return in 2019, with teammates Jillian Babin, Jennifer Armstrong and Katie Forward. The team represented New Brunswick at the 2019 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, where they finished with a 3–4 record.
To start the 2019–20 season, Team Crawford won their first two events, the Steele Cup Cash and the Atlantic Superstore Monctonian Challenge. They played in a Grand Slam event, the 2019 Tour Challenge Tier 2. After a 2–2 round robin record, they lost the tiebreaker to Jestyn Murphy. The team defended their provincial title by winning the 2020 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts in late January 2020. At the Hearts, the Crawford rink started with three losses before rallying off four wins in a row including scoring a seven ender against top-seeded Manitoba's Kerri Einarson rink to win 13–7 and defeating Team Canada (skipped by Chelsea Carey) 7–5. Their 4–3 round robin record qualified them for the tiebreaker against Saskatchewan's Robyn Silvernagle rink. Saskatchewan took two in the extra end for a 9–7 victory, eliminating New Brunswick from contention. The team announced on June 18, 2020 that they would be adding Sylvie Quillian to the team at third, replacing Jennifer Armstrong who was moving to Saskatchewan.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in New Brunswick, the 2021 provincial championship was cancelled. As the reigning provincial champions, Team Crawford was given the invitation to represent New Brunswick at the 2021 Scotties Tournament of Hearts, but they declined due to work and family commitments. Team Melissa Adams was then invited in their place, which they accepted.
Team Crawford played in five tour events during the 2021–22 season, performing well in all of them. In their first event, The Curling Store Cashspiel, the team reached the final where they lost to Nova Scotia's Christina Black upon giving up a stolen victory. They then lost in the final of the Steele Cup Cash two weeks later to the Melodie Forsythe rink. They would then secure two victories in their next two events, going undefeated to claim the titles of the Dave Jones Stanhope Simpson Insurance Mayflower Cashspiel and the Atlantic Superstore Monctonian Challenge. The team then had a semifinal finish at the Stu Sells 1824 Halifax Classic, dropping the semifinal game to Switzerland's Corrie Hürlimann.
The 2022 New Brunswick Scotties Tournament of Hearts was cancelled due to the pandemic and Team Crawford were selected to represent their province at the 2022 Scotties Tournament of Hearts in Thunder Bay, Ontario. At the Hearts, the team began the event with five straight wins, the most consecutive wins to start a Tournament of Hearts of any New Brunswick team. Team Crawford finished the round robin with a 6–2 record, qualifying for the playoff round over higher seeded teams such as Wild Card #2 (Chelsea Carey), Wild Card #3 (Emma Miskew) and Saskatchewan's Penny Barker. They then defeated the Northwest Territories' Kerry Galusha in the knockout round and upset Team Canada's Kerri Einarson to reach the 1 vs. 2 page playoff game, becoming the first New Brunswick team to reach the playoffs since Heidi Hanlon in 1991. They then lost to Northern Ontario's Krista McCarville in the 1 vs. 2 game and Canada's Einarson rink in the semifinal, earning the bronze medal from the event. After the event, the team announced they would be parting ways with second Jillian Babin due to her relocation to Ontario. They then announced on March 4, 2022 that Jill Brothers would be joining them as their new second.
Personal life
Kelly works as a labour relations officer for the Canadian Forces Morale and Welfare Services. She has one daughter.
Grand Slam record
Former events
References
External links
1985 births
Canadian women curlers
Curlers from New Brunswick
Living people
People from Victoria County, New Brunswick
Sportspeople from Saint John, New Brunswick
Sportspeople from Fredericton | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Kelly%20%28curler%29 |
emel is a defunct British lifestyle magazine that reported on contemporary British Muslim culture. The final issue appeared in January 2013.
History
Sarah Joseph co-founded the magazine with her husband, Mahmud al-Rashid, in September 2003. Joseph was the magazine's editor, and al-Rashid was a volunteer publisher and editor-in-chief.
It was the first mainstream Muslim magazine in the UK to experience cross-over interest from non-Muslim readers and its circulation reached 30 countries.
Writing in the Journal of Middle East Women's Studies in 2010, Reina Lewis claimed: "For emel, lifestyle has the potential to situate modern Muslim practices as part of contemporary consumer culture while simultaneously celebrating Islam's historical heritage."
Lloyds TSB partnered with emel to launch what it claimed is the first user-generated content driven community website targeting British Muslims, as part of a campaign to promote the national rollout of its sharia-friendly banking services. The new community website, called Emel Postcard, allowed members to upload pictures and comments via downloadable "postcards".
Awards and nominations
In January 2014, emel was nominated for the Responsible Media of the Year award at the British Muslim Awards.
See also
Islam in the United Kingdom
References
External links
Emel celebrates 50 issues of Muslim Lifestyle FullScreen
MediaUK - Emel
Emel: A Muslim Lifestyle Magazine BBC
"Putting a good glossy on the Muslim lifestyle" The Times
2003 establishments in the United Kingdom
2013 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Lifestyle magazines published in the United Kingdom
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Religious magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
English-language magazines
Islam in the United Kingdom
Islamic magazines
Magazines published in London
Magazines established in 2003
Magazines disestablished in 2013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emel%20%28magazine%29 |
Kvinner og Klær (KK, ), is a Norwegian weekly women's magazine published in Oslo, Norway. It is the oldest and largest magazine for women in the country.
History and profile
Kvinner og Klær was launched under the title of Nordisk Mønster-Tidende as a magazine concerning needlework patterns in 1874. In 1940 it was renamed as Kvinner og Klær and its profile was modified as being a general interest women's magazine. In 1970 its official title was changed to the abbreviation KK.
The magazine, which is headquartered in Oslo, is owned by Aller Media and is published weekly. The editor is Gjyri Helén Werp, who took over for Bente Engesland in 2008.
The target group of the magazine is women in their 30s. In 2003 KK was one of the best-selling two women's magazines in Norway with a circulation of 70,000 copies. The 2010 circulation of the magazine down to 48,604 copies. Its circulation down to 44,017 copies in 2012.
See also
List of Norwegian magazines
References
External links
Official website
1874 establishments in Norway
Magazines established in 1874
Magazines published in Oslo
Norwegian-language magazines
Weekly magazines published in Norway
Women's magazines published in Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvinner%20og%20Kl%C3%A6r |
Dizahab (meaning "region of gold" or "abundant in gold") was one of the places bounding the arabah. It is mentioned in "These are the words Moses spoke to all Israel in the Arabah — facing Suph, between Paran and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth and Dizahab."
The location of Dizahab is currently unknown, but it may have been located east of the Arabah.
References
External links
Deuteronomy 1:1 Bible Commentary
King James Bible Strong's Hebrew Dictionary
Hebrew Bible places | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizahab |
The discography of The Brian Jonestown Massacre (a San Francisco, CA based, neo-psychedelic band) consists of 20 studio albums, 14 EPs, five live albums, six compilation albums and 22 singles, as well as appearing on various artist releases and soundtracks. They have one rockumentary (Dig!) to their credit and a DVD release of their music videos titled Book of Days. Their music has been released by Bomp!, TVT and Tee Pee Records, among others.
Studio albums
EPs
Singles
Compilations
Videos
Live albums
Multiple-band compilations
The BJM have been featured on the following multiple-band compilations:
Pure Spun Sugar, Track 12 — "Good Morning Girl" (CD, American Pop Project & Candy Floss, CF-017, AmPop 201CD, 1998)
Delphonic Sounds Today!, Track 1 — "I Fought The Law (The Bobby Fuller Four)" (CD, DEL-FI Records, DFCD 2114, 1999)
In 1993 Bomp! and Tangible Records co-released a box set of six singles, each by a different San Francisco "psych" band. The bands were apparently handpicked by Anton Newcombe himself, and it is rumored that he also produced the music. Besides The Brian Jonestown Massacre, other bands featured included Orange, Nebtwister, and Hollowbody.
The other two singles (as credited to Acid and Reverb) are 4-track demos. Acid is by Newcombe and Travis Threlkel (who designed the box-cover and record sleeves), while Reverb is Threlkel and Geoffrey Bankowski, then a member of Hollowbody, currently recording as Good and Angry in New York City.
Tangible Singles Box
Hollowbody: Shelter Island/Tangled (TAN 1011/BMP 146)
Orange: Starwheel/Feijoa (TAN 1007/BMP 142)
Nebtwister: Come on Down/Greedy Venus (TAN 1009/BMP 144)
Acid: Never, Ever/Thoughts of You (TAN 1010/BMP 145)
The Brian Jonestown Massacre: Convertible/Enrique’s Dream (Their Satanic Majesty’s 2nd Request) (TAN 1008/BMP 143)
Reverb: Aftertouch/Matins (TAN 1012/BMP 147)
References
Discographies of American artists
Rock music group discographies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Brian%20Jonestown%20Massacre%20discography |
James Patrick Beirne (October 15, 1946 – May 28, 2021) was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver. He played college football at Purdue University, where he was an All-American. He played professionally for the Houston Oilers of the American Football League (AFL) and was named an AFL All-Star in 1969. He later played in the National Football League (NFL) for the Oilers and San Diego Chargers.
Beirne lived in Fredericksburg, Texas.
His son, Kevin Beirne, was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher from 2000 to 2006.
See also
Other American Football League players
References
1946 births
2021 deaths
American football wide receivers
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Houston Oilers players
San Diego Chargers players
American Football League All-Star players
Sportspeople from McKeesport, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
American Football League players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Beirne |
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