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Ivo Lill (24 June 1953 – 4 August 2019) was an Estonian glass artist.
Early life and education
Ivo Lill was born in Tallinn to Felix Lill and Asta Lill (née Multer). His father was arrested by Soviet authorities and spent several years sentenced to forced labor in the gulag system in Siberia, but was able to later return to the family. Lill was the youngest child of three siblings; he had two older sisters, Kadri, and actress Mari Lill. Lill grew up and attended schools in the district of Nõmme and spent time visiting his grandmother on the island of Saaremaa. His niece is actress Elisabet Reinsalu.
Lill was a 1985 graduate of the Estonian Academy of Arts in Tallinn and worked almost exclusively in the medium of glass sculpting and design. He was a member of the Estonian Artists' Association, G.A.S. (The Glass Art Society) of Seattle, U.S.A., and the Centro Studio Vetro, of Murano-Venice, Italy.
Works in public collections
Art Museum of Estonia - Tallinn, Estonia
Estonian Art Fund - Tallinn, Estonia
Tallinn Art Hall - Tallinn, Estonia
Tallinn Museum of Applied Art - Tallinn, Estonia
Tartu Art Museum - Tartu, Estonia
Tallinn Business Center - Tallinn, Estonia
The Corning Museum of Glass - Corning, New York, U.S.A.
Glasmuseet Ebeltoft - Ebeltoft, Denmark
Glasmuseum Frauenau - Frauenau, Germany
Centre del Vidre de Barcelona - Barcelona, Spain
Gus-Khrustalny Glass Museum - Gus-Khrustalny, Russia
Bohemia Hall - Novy Bor, Czech Republic
Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Lithuania - Vilnius, Lithuania
Zimmerli Art Museum at Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Commissioned works
since 2006 – Estonian Annual Theatre Awards "Theodori silm" trophies
2002 – Trophies for the Eurovision Song Contest
since 1999 – Annual Prizes for The Black Nights Film festival
since 1999 – Annual Prizes for Estonian Drama Theatre
1994 – Glass sculpture "The Right To Hope", (47×20×20 cm), "One World Art" programme, travelling exhibition
1993 – Glass sculpture "The Trinity", (28×28×27 cm), a gift to the Catholic Pope John Paul II from the Union of Estonian Churches, Pope's Artistic Collection, Vatican City
1986 – Glass sculpture “Seven Cubed”, (30×30×30 cm), Ministry of Culture of Russia (Moscow)
1985 – Glass sculpture “Monster", (100×50×70 cm), Estonian Embassy in Moscow, Russia
Awards
2014 – Tallinn Order of Merit
2001 – The Silver Prize of the International Exhibition of Glass, Kanazawa, Japan
1999 – Kristjan Raud Annual Arts Award
1995 - Kristjan Raud Annual Arts Award
1988 – The prize on the Baltic Applied Art Triennial IV
1986 – The Annual Estonian Artists' Union award
Personal life and death
Ivo Lill was married to Irene Lill. The couple had two daughters. He died unexpectedly at age 66 in Haapsalu on 4 August 2019.
References
External links
Ivo Lill homepage
Estonian Museum of Applied Art and Design
Internet Art Resources
Gallery Viviann Napp
1953 births
2019 deaths
Glass artists
Artists from Tallinn
Estonian Academy of Arts alumni
20th-century Estonian male artists
21st-century Estonian male artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivo%20Lill |
Frédéric Vitoux (born 19 August 1944) is a French writer and journalist.
He is known as a novelist, biographer and literary columnist. His father was a journalist. He was elected at the Académie Française in 2001. In 2010, he won the Édouard Drumont literary prize for his novel Grand Hotel Nelson.
Bibliography
1973 Louis-Ferdinand Céline, Misère et parole (Éditions Gallimard)
1973 Cartes postales (Gallimard)
1976 Les Cercles de l'orage (Grasset)
1976 Bébert, le chat de Louis-Ferdinand Céline (Grasset)
1978 Yedda jusqu'à la fin (Grasset)
1978 Céline (Belfond)
1979 Un amour de chat (Balland)
1981 Mes îles Saint-Louis (Le Chêne)
1982 Gioacchino Rossini (Le Seuil)
1983 Fin de saison au Palazzo Pedrotti (Le Seuil)
1985 La Nartelle (Le Seuil)
1986 Il me semble désormais que Roger est en Italie (Actes-Sud)
1987 Riviera (Le Seuil)
1988 La Vie de Céline (Grasset)
1990 Sérénissime (Le Seuil)
1990 L'Art de vivre à Venise (Flammarion)
1992 Charles et Camille (Le Seuil)
1993 Paris vu du Louvre (A. Biro)
1994 La Comédie de Terracina (Le Seuil)
1996 Deux femmes (Le Seuil)
1998 Esther et le diplomate (Le Seuil)
2000 L'ami de mon père (Le Seuil)
2001 Le Var pluriel et singulier (Équinoxe)
2003 Des dahlias rouge et mauve (Le Seuil)
2004 Villa Sémiramis (Le Seuil)
2005 Le roman de Figaro (Fayard)
References
External links
L'Académie française
1944 births
Living people
People from Loiret
20th-century French novelists
21st-century French novelists
French literary critics
French biographers
Members of the Académie Française
Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française winners
French male novelists
20th-century biographers
Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Officers of the Legion of Honour
Officers of the Order of Cultural Merit (Monaco)
Prix Goncourt de la Biographie winners
20th-century French male writers
21st-century French male writers
French male non-fiction writers
Male biographers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Vitoux%20%28writer%29 |
There are various levels of judiciary in England and Wales—different types of courts have different styles of judges. They also form a strict hierarchy of importance, in line with the order of the courts in which they sit, so that judges of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales are given more weight than district judges sitting in county courts and magistrates' courts. On 1 April 2020 there were 3,174 judges in post in England and Wales. Some judges with United Kingdom-wide jurisdiction also sit in England and Wales, particularly Justices of the United Kingdom Supreme Court and members of the tribunals judiciary.
By statute, judges are guaranteed continuing judicial independence.
There have been multiple calls from both Welsh academics and politicians however for a Wales criminal justice system.
The following is a list of the various types of judges who sit in the Courts of England and Wales:
Lord Chief Justice and Lord Chancellor
Since 3 April 2006, the Lord Chief Justice has been the overall head of the judiciary. Previously they were second to the Lord Chancellor, but the judicial functions of that office were transferred to the Lord Chief Justice under the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. The Lord Chief Justice is also the President of the Courts and holds, amongst some 400 statutory functions, positions such as the head of the Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal. Historically they were also President of the King's Bench Division of the High Court, but on becoming head of the judiciary that responsibility was transferred to a new office. The Lord Chief Justice is responsible for arranging training for the judiciary, which is achieved through the Judicial College.
Although the Lord Chancellor is no longer a judge, he still exercises disciplinary authority over the judges, jointly with the Lord Chief Justice. He also has a role in appointing judges, through control of the Judicial Appointments Commission.
In law reports, the Lord Chief Justice is referred to as (for example) "Smith LCJ" or "Lord Smith CJ", and the Lord Chancellor as "Smith LC".
In court, the Lord Chief Justice wears a black damask gown with gold lace along with a short wig during criminal cases and the black civil gown with gold tabs during civil cases. Ceremonially, the Lord Chief Justice wears the red robe with white trim along with a gold chain and full wig.
The Lord Chancellor wears white winged shirt with ruffled collar, black waistcoat, and black coat underneath the black damask gown with gold lace, and black knee-length breeches with black silk stockings, and full-bottomed wig during ceremonial occasions.
Heads of Division
There are four Heads of Divisions aside from the Lord Chief Justice: the Master of the Rolls, the President of the King's Bench Division, the President of the Family Division and the Chancellor of the High Court.
The Master of the Rolls is head of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal. The other Heads are in charge of the three divisions of the High Court.
The Chancellor of the High Court is President of the Chancery Division of the High Court. Until 2006 this role was nominally held by the Lord Chancellor, but was in practice delegated to the Vice-Chancellor. The Vice-Chancellor was renamed Chancellor of the High Court when the Lord Chancellor's judicial role was abolished.
The Heads of Division are referred to in law reports as "Smith MR", "Smith P", "Smith P", and "Smith C" respectively. Vice-Chancellors from pre-2006 Chancery cases were referred to as "Smith VC".
In court, the Heads of Division wear a black damask gown with gold lace along with a short wig during criminal cases and the black civil gown with gold tabs during civil cases. Ceremonially, the Heads of Division wear red gowns with white trim along with full wigs except for the Master of the Rolls who wears the black damask gown with gold lace and full wig.
Court of Appeal
Judges of the Court of Appeal are known as Lords Justices, and they too are Privy Counsellors. Before swearing in they may be referred to as the Honourable Lord Justice Smith, and after swearing in as the Right Honourable Lord Justice Smith. Female Lord Justices are known as Lady Justices. Addressed as "My Lord" or "My Lady". In law reports, referred to as "Smith LJ", and, for more than one judge, "Smith and Jones LJJ".
Formerly, Lords Justices of Appeal could only be drawn from barristers of at least 10 years' standing. In practice, much greater experience was necessary and, in 2004, calls for increased diversity among the judiciary were recognised and the qualification period was changed so that, as of 21 July 2008, a potential Lord Justice of Appeal must satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a 7-year basis.
The Lord Justices wear black silk gowns and court coats (or bar jackets) and short wigs during criminal cases and the black civil robe with gold tabs for civil cases. For ceremonial occasions, they wear the full wig and black damask gown with gold lace.
High Court Justices, Masters and Insolvency and Companies Court Judges
High Court justices are not normally Privy Counsellors and are therefore referred to as the Honourable Mr/Mrs Justice Smith. Addressed as "My Lord" or "My Lady". In law reports they are referred to as "Smith J", and, for more than one judge, "Smith and Jones JJ".
High Court justices normally wear a short wig along with red and black gowns for criminal cases, and a civil robe with red tabs without wig for civil cases and, when in open court, family cases. Judges of the Family Division sitting in private wear formal suits. Ceremonially, all High Court justices wear the red gown with white trim along with a full wig.
A Master is a level of judge in the High Court whose decisions are of equal standing to that of a High Court judge at first instance. They are mainly responsible for trials and case management pre-trial in exclusively civil cases in London. They wear dark blue gowns with pink tabs in court and are addressed as 'Master', regardless of gender, or ‘Judge’. Ceremonially, they wear a full-bottomed wig, court coat, jabot and black silk gown. Each division has a Senior Master, and each division has a different title:
King's Bench Division – Senior Master
Chancery Division – Chief Chancery Master
Costs Office – Senior Costs Judge
Admiralty Court – Admiralty Registrar
The Senior Master of the King's Bench Division also holds the ancient judicial post of King's Remembrancer (Queen's Remembrancer when the monarch is female), and is also the Registrar of Election petitions and Foreign judgements as well as being the designated authority for the Hague Service Convention and Hague Evidence Convention and receiving agency under the EU Service Regulation – Council Regulation (EC) No. 1348/2000 and EU Taking of Evidence Regulation – Council Regulation (EC) No. 1206/2001. The Senior Master is assisted in this role as Central Authority by the Foreign Process Section of the King's Bench Action Department at the Royal Courts of Justice.
The seven Insolvency and Companies Court Judges, one of whom is the Chief Insolvency and Companies Court Judge, hear and dispose of much of the High Court insolvency (both personal and corporate) and pure company law cases and trials in London (such as cases arising under the Insolvency Act 1986, the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986, the Companies Acts and related legislation). They also hear appeals from district judges of the County Court in the south east region in company law and corporate insolvency matters. For convenience, their title is often abbreviated to "ICC Judge". They wear a dark blue gown with pink tabs in court (but no longer wear wigs) and are addressed as 'Judge'. Ceremonially, they wear a full-bottomed wig, court coat, jabot and black silk gown. As judges exercising the jurisdiction of the High Court their decisions are of equal standing to that of a High Court justice at first instance.
Masters and ICC Judges are not referred to with a post-nominal abbreviation in the law reports, and appear as "Master Smith" or "ICC Judge Smith". Formerly, Masters and ICC Judges could only be drawn from barristers and solicitors of at least seven years' standing. However, in 2004, calls for increased diversity among the judiciary were recognised and the qualification period was changed so that, as of 21 July 2008, a potential Master or ICC Judge must satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a five-year basis.
Circuit judges
Circuit judges are referred to as His/Her Honour Judge {surname} e.g. His/Her Honour Judge Smith. If a circuit judge is appointed who has the same surname as another serving circuit judge, he (she) will be referred to as His (Her) Honour Judge {first name} {surname}. e.g. His Honour Judge John Smith. Circuit judges are addressed as "Your Honour", unless sitting in the Central Criminal Court (the Old Bailey), in which case addressed as "My Lord (Lady)". Senior circuit judges who sit as the honorary recorder of a borough or city are also entitled to be addressed in court as "my lord/lady." In law reports, circuit judges are referred to as "HHJ Smith", or simply, "Judge Smith."
Formerly, circuit judges could only be drawn from barristers of at least ten years' standing. However, in 2004, calls for increased diversity among the judiciary were recognised and the qualification period was changed so that, as of 21 July 2008, a potential circuit judge must satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a seven-year basis.
For criminal cases, circuit judges wear a violet and purple gown with a red sash and short wig and for civil cases exchange the red sash for a lilac one. Circuit judges sitting in civil proceedings no longer wear wigs, wing collars, or bands. Ceremonially, they wear purple robes with a purple trim and a full wig.
Recorders
A recorder is a part-time circuit judge, usually a practising barrister, solicitor or a member of the courts or tribunal judiciary who is not a full-time circuit judge. Recorders are addressed in court in the same way as circuit judges (as 'Your Honour'). There is no formal abbreviation for the position and recorders are referred to as 'Mr/Mrs Recorder Smith' (as opposed to circuit judges, who can be referred to as 'HHJ Smith' in judgements, law reports or other legal documents).
Formerly, recorders could only be drawn from barristers of at least 10 years' standing. However, in 2004, calls for increased diversity among the judiciary were recognised and the qualification period was changed so that, as of 21 July 2008, a potential recorder must satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a seven-year basis.
The senior circuit judge in a metropolitan area will often be given the honorary title of the recorder of the city – e.g. the Recorder of Manchester. Despite still being circuit judges, these recorders are addressed in court as 'My Lord/Lady' as if they were High Court judges.
District judges
District judge is the title given to two different categories of judges. One group of district judges sit in the county courts and have jurisdiction in civil and family cases, having previously been known as registrars until the Courts and Legal Services Act 1990. The other group sit in the magistrates' courts and were formerly known as stipendiary magistrates until the Access to Justice Act 1999. Members of this latter group are more formally known as "district judge (magistrates' courts)" (see the Courts Act 2003). Judges in both groups are addressed as "Judge". In law reports, they are referred to as "DJ Smith".
Formerly, district judges could only be drawn from barristers and solicitors of at least seven years' standing. However, in 2004, calls for increased diversity among the judiciary were recognised and the qualification period was changed so that, since 21 July 2008, a potential district judge must satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a five-year basis. From November 2010, other types of lawyer, such as legal executives (fellows of the Chartered Institute of Legal Executives), also became eligible to be district judges.
The senior district judge (magistrates' courts) is also known as the Chief Magistrate.
Deputy district judges
A solicitor or barrister who sits part-time as a district judge (who may be taking their first steps on the route to becoming a full-time district judge). Retired district judges sometimes sit as deputies. Addressed as "Sir" or "Madam". In law reports, referred to as "DDJ Smith".
Formerly, deputy district judges could only be drawn from barristers and solicitors of at least seven years' standing. However, in 2004, calls for increased diversity among the judiciary were recognised and the qualification period was changed so that, since 21 July 2008, a potential deputy district judge must satisfy the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a five-year basis and so that other types of lawyer, such as chartered legal executives (CILEX Fellows), would be eligible. In August 2010, Ian Ashley-Smith became the first CILEx Fellow to be directly appointed as a deputy district judge (civil).
Judicial office holders
There are a range of professionals who support the judiciary in complex legal cases where there is an interface between the law and another professional area. In these matters, sometimes non-legally qualified judges are appointed to preside over specialist areas. These judges are sometimes referred to as fee-paid (judiciary) officer holders, or non-legal members. An example are those appointed by the Lord Chancellor to sit over Mental Health Review Tribunal. Within this tribunal, there are three panel judges, one will be a legally qualified lawyer, whilst the others two are drawn from the mental health professions, such as social work, nursing or psychology, these are known as Specialist Lay Members. The other is a consultant psychiatrists, known as the Medical Members. The all members are addressed as "Sir" or "Madam", but unlike magistrates, these members are paid for their service, normally a day rate for sitting. Also unlike their magistrates counterparts, these members are recruited in the same manner as other judges via the Judicial Appointments Commission.
Magistrates
Magistrates (also known as Justices of the peace) are trained volunteers appointed from the local community, who generally sit in threes in order to give judgment in magistrates' courts and youth courts. The chair is addressed as "Sir" or "Madam" or the bench is addressed as "Your Worships".
Judicial salaries
There are eight pay points for judges in the United Kingdom (including England and Wales). The following is a simplified list of annual judicial salaries from 1 April 2023, showing only the most widely-held grades and some of the best known specific appointments. A complete list of all the posts at each pay point can be found on the website of the Ministry of Justice.
Group 1: Lord Chief Justice, £294,821
Group 1.1: Master of the Rolls, £263,256
Group 2: Heads of the High Court divisions, £254,274
Group 3: Lord Justices of Appeal, £241,796
Group 4: High Court judges and certain others, £212,351
Group 5: Numerous specialist appointments, including senior circuit judges and Judge Advocate General, £170,304
Group 5.1: Chief Insolvency and Companies Court Judge, Chief Chancery Master, Senior Queen's Bench Master and certain others, £164,015
Group 5.2: High Court Insolvency and Companies Court Judges, High Court Masters, circuit judges and certain others, £157,705
Group 6: Vice-Judge Advocate General and certain others, £148,472
Group 7: District judges of the County Court and magistrates' courts, employment judges, judges of the First Tier Tribunal and several other appointments, £126,514
Group 8: Salaried (Regional) Medical Members, Social Entitlement Chamber, £100,531
Judges also have a pension scheme, the 1993 and earlier versions of which were once considered to be one of the most generous in the British public sector.
The administrative body of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is classified as a non-ministerial department. The Supreme Court is independent of the government of the UK, of Parliament, and of the court services of England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It takes appeals from the Appeals Courts of England and Wales and of Northern Ireland, and Scotland's High Court of the Judiciary. The President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom is paid at Group 1.1, while the Deputy President and the other ten members of the Supreme Court are paid at Group 2.
See also
Judicial titles in England and Wales
Judiciary of the United Kingdom
List of judges of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
Law of the United Kingdom
References
External links
Judiciary of England and Wales government website
Department for Constitutional Affairs list of judges | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary%20of%20England%20and%20Wales |
Dunn Brothers Coffee is a franchise company of coffeehouses founded in St. Paul, Minnesota, in December 1987 by brothers Ed and Dan Dunn. As of September 2022, Dunn Brothers Coffee has 57 locations throughout the country.
History
The first store opened in 1987 at 1569 Grand Avenue in St. Paul, after the Dunn brothers had driven an old Dodge van loaded with their belongings from Portland, Oregon, to Minnesota in search of a good, underserved location for a coffee business. They found a refurbished 1950s Probat roaster in Cincinnati, Ohio, and used it to set up that first store. The second location opened in Uptown Minneapolis in 1991 (and was temporarily the only location while the Grand Avenue store was rebuilt following a 1991 fire). The Grand Avenue store still exists as "Dunn Bros Coffee" but is not part of the Dunn Brothers Coffee franchise.
On July 25, 2022, Dunn Brothers Coffee announced that it was acquired by Gala Capital Partners, owner of Cicis Pizza and Mooyah.
Franchise
The store's locations are primarily in the American Midwest, especially Minnesota, where there are 43 locations. As of 2021, the company has stores in Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas, and Wisconsin. Dunn Bros Coffee is a franchise, and most stores are locally owned and operated. One distinguishing feature that separates Dunn Bros from most of its chain competitors is that at every traditional location the coffee is roasted right in the store, usually on a daily basis. This allows customers to buy freshly roasted whole beans. The in-store roasting and small batch sizes typically allow for the availability of 12-15 varieties of whole beans.
Dunn Bros partners with certifiers of sustainably grown coffee in the world including Fair Trade USA, and Rainforest Alliance.
See also
List of coffeehouse chains
References
External links
Official website
Dunn Bros Grand Avenue (independent)
Coffeehouses and cafés in the United States
Companies based in Minneapolis
Coffee brands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunn%20Brothers%20Coffee |
The Superior Court is the state court in the U.S. state of New Jersey, with statewide trial and appellate jurisdiction. The New Jersey Constitution of 1947 establishes the power of the New Jersey courts. Under the State Constitution, "'judicial power shall be vested in a Supreme Court, a Superior Court, County Courts and inferior courts of limited jurisdiction.'" The Superior Court has three divisions: the Appellate Division is essentially an intermediate appellate court while the Law and Chancery Divisions function as trial courts. The State Constitution renders the New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Division the intermediate appellate court, and "[a]ppeals may be taken to the Appellate Division of the Superior Court from the law and chancery divisions of the Superior Court and in such other causes as may be provided by law." Each division is in turn divided into various parts. "The trial divisions of the Superior Court are the principal trial courts of New Jersey. They are located within the State's various judicial geographic units, called 'vicinages,' R. 1:33-2(a), and are organized into two basic divisions: the Chancery Division and the Law Division".
Like justices of the New Jersey Supreme Court, judges of the Superior Court are appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the State Senate for initial terms of seven years. If reappointed before the expiration of the initial term, the judge is said to have tenure and can serve until the mandatory judicial retirement age of 70. Retired judges may be recalled to serve in courts other than the Supreme Court. Judges are assigned to the court's divisions and parts (and in the case of the Law and Chancery Divisions, to a particular vicinage) by the Supreme Court.
Appellate Division
"[T]he State Constitution established the Appellate Division as the upper tier of the Superior Court." "The Appellate Division was created as part of the judicial revision that took place as a result of the 1947 Constitution. Prior to 1947, the structure of the judiciary in New Jersey was extremely complex, including 'a court of errors and appeals in the last resort in all causes . . .; a court for the trial of impeachments; a court of chancery; a prerogative court; a supreme court; circuit courts, and such inferior courts as now exist, and as may be hereafter ordained and established by law . . .'"
The Appellate Division hears appeals from the Law and Chancery Divisions and final decisions of State administrative agencies. There are eight parts, designated "A" through "H," and each part has three or four judges. "The Appellate Division shall consist of such parts with such number of judges as the Chief Justice shall from time to time designate." Judges are rotated among the parts on an annual basis. "Each Part is headed by a presiding judge, who is properly addressed as 'Presiding Judge, Appellate Division.' The most senior judges of the Appellate Division serve as presiding judges of the various Parts[.]"
Unlike the federal and some other state appellate courts, appeals are not allocated among the parts on a territorial basis and Appellate Division precedent is equally binding statewide.
One of the judges on each part is designated as the presiding judge and there is an overall presiding judge for administration. Appeals are decided by a panel of two or three judges from the part to which the appeal is assigned.
If the Supreme Court has less than seven members available to hear a case, either because of vacancies or recusals, senior Appellate Division judges may be assigned to serve temporarily.
The Appellate Division has a central clerk's office that processes the filing of notices of appeal, briefs, motions and other papers.
An appeal of a final order in New Jersey must be filed within 45 days. Appeals from interlocutory orders may be made at any time before final judgment.
Chancery Division
The Chancery Division consists of the General Equity, Probate and Family Parts. Chancery cases deal with cases where equitable relief is sought: that is, cases where one of the parties desires an injunction or other order requiring the other party/parties to do something other than pay money.
General Equity Part
The General Equity Part handles civil cases where the primary relief sought is equitable in nature, although it may grant incidental relief at law (damages). In most vicinages, only one judge is assigned to the General Equity Part, although the Assignment Judge of the vicinage may also hear general equity cases.
Probate Part
The Probate Part handles contested probate matters, guardianships etc. Usually the General Equity judge handles the probate calendar on a weekly or less frequent basis. The county surrogate acts as the deputy clerk of the Superior Court for the Probate Part in the county.
Family Part
The Family Part was created when the State Constitution was amended to eliminate the juvenile and domestic relations courts in each county and so it has the distinction of being the only part specifically mandated by the constitution.
The Family Part is responsible for all cases arising out of marriage (or marriage-like) relationships, cases about the parentage, custody, or support of children, juvenile matters and domestic violence cases. It is also the only Chancery Division part to hear appeals from the municipal courts; a party may appeal to the Family Part from the grant or denial of a temporary domestic-violence restraining order in the municipal courts.
Law Division
The Law Division consists of the Civil, Special Civil and Criminal Parts.
Civil Part
The Civil Part has jurisdiction over all civil cases where the principal relief requested is sought at law (i.e. in the form of money damages), and it may grant incidental equitable relief so that a case may be fully decided in one forum. Generally, civil actions are assigned by case type into one of four tracks. The four tracks range from Track I allowing 150 days for discovery to Track IV allowing 450 days for discovery and requiring active case management by an individual judge. Effective in 2015, the New Jersey Supreme Court added a Complex Business Litigation Program (CBLP) to the Law Division. The CBLP is a type of Business Court, falling within Track IV. It has a specially defined jurisdiction focusing on commercial disputes, with assignment to a single judge.
Special Civil Part
The Special Civil Part essentially succeeded to the jurisdiction of the former county district courts. Cases may be filed in the Special Civil Part where the amount in controversy does not exceed $15,000 (or more if the plaintiff waives the excess). It also has a small claims section for cases involving less than $3000 and a landlord-tenant section to adjudicate summary dispossess actions.
Natural persons may act pro se. Corporations and other business entities must hire an attorney except for cases cognizable in small claims, where an authorized nonlawyer officer or employee may generally appear.
The Special Civil Part is designed to provide expedited and somewhat relaxed proceedings in smaller cases. The Special Civil Part has its own clerk in each county (rather than relying upon the Superior Court clerk's office) and many forms are available.
Criminal Part
The Criminal Part handles criminal cases for "crimes" or "indictable offenses" (what New Jersey terms offenses called felonies in other jurisdictions), which the New Jersey Constitution provides may only be brought by an indictment issued by a grand jury. The Criminal Part also hears appeals from the New Jersey municipal courts for convictions for disorderly persons offenses and petty disorderly persons offenses (what New Jersey terms offenses called misdemeanors in other jurisdictions, which do not require a grand jury indictment), as well as traffic offenses (including driving while intoxicated) and violations of municipal ordinances.
Organization of Trial Parts
The Clerk of the Superior Court is appointed by the Supreme Court and heads the centralized clerk's office; however, most pleadings are filed in the county in which the action is venued with the Deputy Clerk, Superior Court, for the county.
For administrative purposes, the State is divided into fifteen numbered vicinages. Most vicinages comprise a single county, but there are two vicinages that consist of two counties (Atlantic & Cape May Counties and Morris & Sussex Counties) and two vicinages that consist of three counties (Somerset, Hunterdon & Warren Counties and Gloucester, Cumberland & Salem County). The head of judiciary in each county is the assignment judge. The General Equity, Family, Civil and Criminal Parts in each vicinage are headed by a presiding judge.
Post-nominal letters
The Rules Governing the Courts of New Jersey provide for the use of certain post-nominal letters after the names of judges. Superior Court judges for whom no other designation is provided use "J.S.C." Appellate Division judges use the post-nominal letters "J.A.D." (or "P.J.A.D." in the case of a presiding judge). The Assignment Judge of a vicinage is designated "A.J.S.C." Presiding judges of trial court parts use "P.J.Ch." (General Equity), "P.J.F.P." (Family), P.J.Cv." (Civil) and "P.J.Cr." (Criminal) as appropriate.
References
External links
New Jersey state courts
State appellate courts of the United States
Superior courts in the United States
1947 establishments in New Jersey
Courts and tribunals established in 1947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Jersey%20Superior%20Court |
Benjamin Jesty (c. 1736 – 16 April 1816) was a farmer at Yetminster in Dorset, England, notable for his early experiment in inducing immunity against smallpox using cowpox.
The notion that those people infected with cowpox, a relatively mild disease, were subsequently protected against smallpox was not an uncommon observation with country folk in the late 18th century, but Jesty was one of the first to intentionally administer the less virulent virus. He was one of the six English, Danish and German people who reportedly administered cowpox to artificially induce immunity against smallpox from 1770 to 1791; only Jobst Bose of Göttingen, Germany with his 1769 inoculations pre-dated Jesty's work.
Unlike Edward Jenner, a medical doctor who is given broad credit for developing the smallpox vaccine in 1796, Jesty did not publicise his findings made some twenty years earlier in 1774.
Early life
Jesty was born in Yetminster, Dorset, and baptized there on 19 August 1736, the youngest of at least four sons of Robert Jesty, who was a butcher. Little else is known of his early life. In March 1770 he married Elizabeth Notley (1740–1824) in Longburton, four miles north-east of Yetminster. The couple lived at Upbury Farm, next to Yetminster church, and the couple had four sons and three daughters.
Jesty and smallpox
During the eighteenth century smallpox was widespread throughout England, with frequent epidemics. It was known in the dairy-farming areas in the south-west of the country that the milkmaids and other workers who contracted cowpox from handling cows' udders, were afterwards immune to smallpox. Such people were able to nurse smallpox victims without fear of contracting the disease themselves. This folk-knowledge gradually became more widely disseminated amongst the medical community: in 1765 a Dr Fewster (possibly John Fewster) of Thornbury, Gloucestershire presented a paper to the Medical Society of London entitled "Cow pox and its ability to prevent smallpox", and Dr. Rolph, another Gloucestershire physician, stated that all experienced physicians of the time were aware of this.
Jesty and two of his female servants, Ann Notley and Mary Reade, had been infected with cowpox. When an epidemic of smallpox came to Yetminster in 1774, Jesty decided to try to give his wife Elizabeth and two eldest sons immunity by infecting them with cowpox. He took his family to a cow at a farm in nearby Chetnole that had the disease, and using a darning needle, transferred pustular material from the cow by scratching their arms. The boys had mild local reactions and quickly recovered but his wife's arm became very inflamed and for a time her condition gave cause for concern, although she too recovered fully in time.
Jesty's experiment was met with hostility by his neighbours. He was labelled inhuman, and was "hooted at, reviled and pelted whenever he attended markets in the neighbourhood'". The introduction of an animal disease into a human body was thought disgusting and some even "feared their metamorphosis into horned beasts". But the treatment's efficacy was several times demonstrated in the years which followed, when Jesty's two elder sons, exposed to smallpox, failed to catch the disease.
Interest in the prophylactic powers of cowpox virus grew and in May 1796, over 20 years after Jesty had made his inoculations, Edward Jenner began his series of vaccination experiments. In about 1797 Jesty and his family moved from Yetminster, when Jesty took up the tenancy of Downshay Manor Farm in Worth Matravers near the Dorset coast. Here he came to the attention of Dr. Andrew Bell, rector of nearby Swanage who (possibly encouraged by Jesty's efforts) vaccinated over 200 of his parishioners in 1806.
Recognition and final years
In June 1802 Jenner was given a reward of £10,000 from the House of Commons for discovering and promoting vaccination, and another award of £20,000 followed in 1807. Before this first amount had been awarded, George Pearson, founder of the Original Vaccine Pock Institution, had brought evidence before the House of Commons of Jesty's work in 1774, work which pre-dated Jenner's by 22 years. Unfortunately, Jesty's well-documented case was weakened by his failure to petition in person, and Pearson's inclusion of other claimants whose evidence could not be validated, so no reward was forthcoming.
Unaware of George Pearson's previous petitions to the Pitt Government about the Dorset farmer, the Reverend Dr. Andrew Bell, rector of Swanage near where Jesty later resided, prepared a paper dated 1 August 1803, proposing Jesty as the first vaccinator, and sent copies to the Original Vaccine Pock Institute and the member of parliament, George Rose. Bell wrote to the Institution again in 1804, having learned of Pearson's involvement.
In 1805, at Pearson's instigation and the institution's invitation, Jesty gave his evidence before 12 medical officers of the institution at its base on the corner of Broadwick Street and Poland Street in Soho. Robert, Jesty's oldest son (by then 28 years old) also made the trip to London and agreed to be inoculated with smallpox again to prove that he still had immunity. After Jesty had been cross-examined, he was presented with a long testimonial and pair of gold mounted lancets. The verbal evidence of their examination was published in the Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal.
Report from the Original Vaccine Pock Institute, 1805 "That he was led to undertake this novel practice in 1774 to counteract the small-pox, at that time prevalent at Yetminster, where he then resided, from knowing the common opinion of the country ever since he was a boy (now 60 years ago) that persons who had gone through the cowpock naturally, ie by taking it from cows, were insusceptible of the small-pox; by himself being incapable of taking the small-pox, having gone through the cow-pock many years before; from knowing many individuals, who, after the cowpock, could not have the small-pox excited; from believing that the cow-pock was an affection free from danger; and from his opinion that, by the cow-pock inoculation, he should avoid ingrafting various diseases of the human constitution, such as "the Evil (scrofula), madnes, lues (syphilis), and many bad humours," as he called them."
For the event, Jesty's family had tried to persuade him to dress in a more up-to-date fashion, but he refused saying that "he did not see why he should dress better in London than in the country". Immediately after his interrogation, Jesty was taken round to the studio of the portrait painter Michael William Sharp in nearby Great Marlborough Street. Jesty proved an impatient sitter, and so Mrs Sharp played the piano to try to soothe him as Sharp painted. After a chequered history, the portrait is now owned by the Wellcome Trust and is on loan to the Dorset County Museum in Dorchester.
On Sunday 15 July 1806, Bell preached the same sermon twice in honour of Jesty, "whose discovery of the efficacy of the cowpock against smallpox is so often forgotten by those who have heard of Dr Jenner".
Jesty died in Worth Matravers on 16 April 1816 and was buried in a prominent position in the parish churchyard. His widow, Elizabeth, died on 8 January 1824 and was buried alongside him. Both headstones are listed structures, primarily due to their historic interest. The full text on Jesty's headstone reads:
(Sacred) To the Memory OF Benj.in. Jesty (of Downshay) who departed this Life, April 16th 1816 aged 79 Years. He was born at Yetminster in this County, and was an upright honest Man: particularly noted for having been the first Person (known) that Introduced the Cow Pox by Inoculation, and who from his great strength of mind made the Experiment from the (Cow) on his Wife and two Sons in the Year 1774.
References
Further reading
Patrick J Pead, 2003, "Benjamin Jesty: new light in the dawn of vaccination" The Lancet Volume 362, Issue 9401, 20 December 2003, pages 2104–2109 (online at )
Patrick J Pead, 2006, "Benjamin Jesty: the first vaccinator revealed" The Lancet Volume 368, Issue 9554, 23 December 2006, page 2202
Pead, Patrick J. (2016). Benjamin Jesty – grandfather of vaccination. Chichester: Timefile Books.
External links
Dorset Page – First Recorded Small Pox Vaccination
The Jesty Family Tree – Jolyon Jesty
Oxford Dictionary of Biography
Jesty's portrait at the Wellcome Trust
Images of England page on Jesty's famhouse in Yetminster
1736 births
1816 deaths
People from Yetminster
Smallpox vaccines
Vaccinologists
18th-century English farmers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin%20Jesty |
Peace at Last is the third studio album by Scottish band The Blue Nile, released on 10 June 1996 via Warner Bros. Records.
Following the reissue of their first two albums in 2012 as 2-CD deluxe editions, Peace at Last was also reissued in a similar 2-CD version on 3 March 2014.
Background
Peace at Last was a considerable musical departure for the band, marking a shift towards a more acoustic sound. Unlike their prior two albums A Walk Across the Rooftops and Hats, which featured electronic instrumentation almost exclusively, Peace at Last was primarily driven by Paul Buchanan's acoustic guitar. A gospel choir made a brief appearance on the lead single, "Happiness".
Critical reception
Critical reaction to Peace at Last was mixed. Despite some initial high praise, including a five-star review from Q, in the years following the album's release it remained largely overshadowed by A Walk Across the Rooftops and Hats.
Track listing
All songs written by Paul Buchanan, except where noted.
"Happiness" – 4:39
"Tomorrow Morning" – 4:15
"Sentimental Man" – 5:05
"Love Came Down" – 3:35
"Body and Soul" – 5:16
"Holy Love" – 2:42
"Family Life" – 5:21
"War Is Love" – 3:33
"God Bless You Kid" (Robert Bell, Buchanan) – 4:56
"Soon" – 5:27
2014 Remastered Collector's Edition CD bonus disc
"Soon" (Laurel Canyon Mix) – 5:30
"War Is Love" (New Vocal Mix) – 4:46
"Turn Yourself Around" (Bell, Buchanan) – 4:46
"Holy Love" (Picture Mix) – 4:03
"A Certain Kind of Angel" (Bell, Buchanan) (unreleased demo) – 5:06
"There Was a Girl" – 5:28
Personnel
The Blue Nile:
Robert Bell – bass, synthesizer
Paul Buchanan – vocals, guitar, synthesizer
Paul Joseph Moore – keyboards, synthesizer
Additional musicians:
Craig Armstrong – string orchestration ("Family Life")
Calum Malcolm – keyboard
Eddie Tate & Friends – gospel choir ("Happiness")
Nigel Thomas – drums
Technical:
The Blue Nile – producer
Calum Malcolm – engineer
Charts
Release history
References
External links
The Blue Nile Official Web site
The Blue Nile Fan pages Web site
The Blue Nile's Altsounds.com Profile
The Blue Nile albums
1996 albums
Warner Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace%20at%20Last%20%28The%20Blue%20Nile%20album%29 |
Sainte-Marie (; ) is a town and the fifth-largest commune in the French overseas department of Martinique. It is located on the northeast (Atlantic Ocean) side of the island of Martinique.
Geography
Climate
Sainte-Marie has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af). The average annual temperature in Sainte-Marie is . The average annual rainfall is with November as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Sainte-Marie was on 23 September 2005; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 8 March 1987.
Population
See also
Communes of Martinique
References
External links
Official website (in French)
Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Marie%2C%20Martinique |
The Municipal District of Acadia No. 34 is a municipal district (MD) in southern Alberta, Canada, east of Calgary, close to the Saskatchewan border, in Census Division No. 4.
It is located on Highway 41 on the north side of the Red Deer River and bordered on the east by Saskatchewan. Highway 41 is a main route between Medicine Hat and Cold Lake.
Geography
Communities and localities
The following urban municipalities are surrounded by the MD of Acadia No. 34.
Cities
none
Towns
none
Villages
none
Summer villages
none
The following hamlets are located within the MD of Acadia No. 34.
Hamlets
Acadia Valley (also recognized as a designated place by Statistics Canada)
The following localities are located within the MD of Acadia No. 34.
Localities
Acadia
Arneson
Haven
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the MD of Acadia No. 34 had a population of 494 living in 159 of its 196 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 493. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the MD of Acadia No. 34 had a population of 493 living in 159 of its 184 total private dwellings, a change from its 2011 population of 495. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2016.
Attractions
Prairie Elevator Museum in the Hamlet of Acadia Valley
Acadia Municipal Recreation Dam - trout fishing
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of municipal districts in Alberta
References
External links
Acadia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal%20District%20of%20Acadia%20No.%2034 |
One Bad Pig is a Christian punk and metal crossover band from Austin, Texas, which formed in 1985. The Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music describes them as "quite possibly the most popular hard-punk act ever to arise within the Christian music scene." They were known for their mischief and irreverence on stage, as reflected even in their reunion at Cornerstone in 2000.
Background
The group evolved out of a street ministry led by Carey Womack, who was studying to become a Baptist minister at the time. Several other members also had a background in ministry: Brian Wheeler was an Assembly of God evangelist, and Paul Q-Pek had sung with The Continental Singers. The band originally formed for a one-time-only performance at a local Christian music festival held on Labor Day 1985. Although they have not released any full-length albums of new material since 1991, they have written new songs and have not yet declared that their band is broken up.
According to CCM Magazine a One Bad Pig show was "kind of like a carnival/revival run amok." For instance, at Cornerstone 1990 they were reported to have leapt into water-filled plastic swimming pools and cut down a Christmas tree with a chainsaw. Often during the song "Smash The Guitar", the band would literally smash their guitars onto the stage. In contrast, each performance included an altar call where Carey Womack's preaching was said to have a "hometown passion." The band also placed a heavy emphasis on personal accountability.
Johnny Cash performed guest vocals on One Bad Pig's cover of his song "Man In Black", which One Bad Pig included on their 1991 album, I Scream Sunday. Bob Hartman performed as a guest guitarist on One Bad Pig's cover of his song "Judas Kiss" from his band Petra's More Power To Ya album.
The band was subject to constant criticism from the anti-Christian Rock movement. They were critical of the group for its concert antics, lyrics, and even for their name. According to some, their name evoked stereotypes of punk music and rebellion in a way that was contrary to certain principles of Christianity. One critical group was Dial-the-Truth Ministries, which is affiliated with the King-James-Only Movement. Their widely distributed tract entitled Christian Rock: Blessing or Blasphemy? was critical of the above and their involvement with Johnny Cash, who was attacked separately.
In 2016, One Bad Pig reunited for to record a new album and multiple concerts.
Origin of name
The origin of the band's name was a picture of a pig in a local radio station's advertisement, which Carey commented was one "bad pig". The full story as related in an interview on the "Breakaway Show" (broadcast from radio station KCFV) was that while driving from Austin to the Cornerstone Festival in 1985, Carey and Paul stopped at a Pizza Hut in St. Louis. Local radio station KSHE was running a promotion with Pizza Hut, selling sunglasses with the Pizza Hut logo on one lens and the new KSHE logo on the other. As they were leaving the restaurant, Carey looked at Paul and said "That's one bad pig". Paul replied, "That would be a great name for a punk band! We should form one." So, they did. The next year, One Bad Pig's first album was introduced at Cornerstone.
Related activities
Paul Q-Pek left the band in 1992 and moved to Nashville. In 1996 he released a solo project entitled Touch The Ground. It contained pop stylings similar to that of Peter Gabriel which were, in the words of the Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music, a "shocking departure from his previous porker rock." The album contained several covers, one of Howard Jones's "Things Can Only Get Better", and Pat Terry's "Open the Door." Original lyrics included political satire in "If I were President" and "Capitol Hill", which CCM commented was "less than successful." The album did however contain some songs which charted on Christian radio: "Touch the Ground" and "Things Can Only Get Better" each reached the No. 10 slot in 1995 and 1996 respectively. "I (Surrender)" reached No. 6 in 1996. He returned to the band for their reunion show at the 2000 Cornerstone festival.
Philip Owens and Paul Q-Pek were also in Lust Control, although their identities were anonymous for the band. This arrangement ended when One Bad Pig signed to Myrrh, as its members became contractually blocked from being in other bands.
Discography
1986: A Christian Banned (Review: powermetal.de(German))
1989: Smash (Pure Metal)
1990: Swine Flew (Myrrh Records, Review: CCM Magazine)
1991: I Scream Sunday (Myrrh, Review: powermetal.de (German))
1992: Live: Blow Down the House (Myrrh)
1994: Quintessential One Bad Pig, Vol. 1 (Diadem)
2000: Live at Cornerstone 2000 (One Bad Pig album)|Live at Cornerstone 2000 (M8)
2016: Love U to Death
Members
Carey "Kosher" Womack – lead vocals (often credited as "lead screamer")
Paul Q-Pek – guitar, vocals
Paul Roraback - drums, vocals
Daniel Tucek – bass, vocals
Lee Haley – guitar, vocals
Former
Brian "Streak" Wheeler – bass
Kevin Phelan – bass
Jon Taylor – drums
Phil Helms – drums
Johnny Cash – guest vocals (honorary member)
Phillip Owens - drums
References
External links
[ One Bad Pig] at Allmusic
Christian punk groups
Christian rock groups from Texas
Crossover thrash groups
Punk rock groups from Texas
Musical groups from Austin, Texas
Musical groups established in 1985
Myrrh Records artists
1985 establishments in Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20Bad%20Pig |
Krzeszów is a village in Nisko County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It is the seat of the gmina (administrative district) called Gmina Krzeszów. It lies on the San River, approximately south-east of Nisko and north-east of the regional capital Rzeszów.
References
External links
Official website of Krzeszów
Villages in Nisko County
Kholm Governorate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzesz%C3%B3w%2C%20Podkarpackie%20Voivodeship |
rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated is a moderated Usenet newsgroup that focuses on the science fiction television series Babylon 5 and the works of writer J. Michael Straczynski. It was spun off from its un-moderated version, rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5, in 1996. The newsgroup counts Straczynski as a frequent contributor, and was among the first internet-based forums where fans interacted directly with a 'showrunner'.
History
In the early 1990s, several newsgroups were created that focused on the sci-fi show Babylon 5. One of these groups, rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5, became well known for the participation of Babylon 5 creator and writer J. Michael Straczynski. Straczynski had long participated in many online forums since the 1980s, and is widely credited as being the first notable artist and celebrity to interact with fans online, even before the advent of the Internet as it is now known.
Straczynski interacted with Babylon 5 fans on rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5 and similar groups on GEnie and CompuServe, however rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5 slowly turned into a morass of spam and 'flame wars' (usually perpetrated and carried forward by a rather small group of people). The more Babylon 5s ratings increased, and the more attention was drawn to Straczynski's involvement in the group, the more extensive and vitriolic the many flame wars got. By the end of 1995, Straczynski was also being 'net-stalked', and had to scrap a script in pre-production because fans were posting story ideas. Eventually, Straczynski left rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5, focusing on the moderated Internet based forums.
A group of fans then proposed the creation of a moderated version of rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5. The resultant Request For Discussion became the most replied to RFD in the history of Usenet at the time (surpassed only by the rec.music.white-power newsgroup vote), and the proposal overwhelmingly passed, creating rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated. The majority of rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5 contributors, as well as Straczynski and other Usenet personalities, flocked to the new group, essentially continuing rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5 in a more controlled environment.
Straczynski continues to post to rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated to this day, engaging in discussions with fans about many subjects in addition to answering questions about his works and using the group to make announcements about new projects. The various independent websites that archive his Usenet posts or the group itself are usually mis-cited in the media as being his official websites.
The group is actively moderated on a volunteer basis by two Babylon 5 fans, and the computer equipment and bandwidth costs are supported by donations from other fans. Posts can be made through normal Usenet methods (via a newsreader or the World Wide Web through Google Groups), or via e-mail.
Moderation
Per the group's charter, no topic is "off topic". Most discussions at first naturally focused on Babylon 5, and since the show ended, on Straczynski's recent works in comics, film, radio and television. The group can be looked at as more of a general discussion group.
The only things that are not allowed in the group are spam, trolling, story ideas about Babylon 5 or other projects Straczynski may be working on, and flame wars.
Posts from new contributors or new threads go through the moderators for approval first ("hand moderation"). Posts to existing threads from experienced contributors are automatically allowed through by computer. Discussion threads on particularly heated subjects (usually politics) are continuously hand moderated to prevent flame wars from occurring, and if they do, the thread can be shut down. The system is not perfect: posts can be lost and the group can be down to new posts if the moderation computers are being moved or during power outages, etc. Appearance of new threads are dependent on the availability of the moderators, and may sometimes take more than a day to appear. Occasionally, complaints of censorship arise, though these complaints are often from people who were making posts that violated the clearly set rules. Nevertheless, the forum is still a popular discussion ground for Straczynski's fans, with the main selling point being the opportunity to interact with Straczynski.
Jay Denebeim, a volunteer moderator for Rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated, was profiled in a Wall Street Journal article that covered the travails that beset the Usenet in the late 1990s.
Legacy
Straczynski's involvement with rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5 and its successor, rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated, has had great influence on his works, especially Babylon 5. Straczynski's involvement on these groups also paved the way for similar online discussion involvement by many artists and celebrities today.
At the time, the word "blog" had not yet been coined, and yet Straczynski's discussion of every episode of the show prior to its airing remains a critical milestone in the history of production-related blogging.
Straczynski's contributions
Straczynski began his postings on GEnie with background information about the setting and history of the major races and station. By the time he began posting to Usenet, the pilot was over and episodes were in production. Discussion of upcoming projects was a frequent topic throughout, and began as early as July 1993 with information about upcoming comic book adaptations.
Early in the first season, Straczynski began to divulge details of upcoming plot threads, though he did so sparingly. One such comment set up the homosexual themes that would not be revealed until the second season between two of the female characters ("Divided Loyalties"). This particular plot thread eventually led to one of the most discussed editing choices in the show's history. A kiss between the two women during the second season was edited in such a way that it was strongly suggestive, but not a definitive kiss.
Religion played a large role in Babylon 5, and yet in many of his postings, Straczynski discussed his atheism. During the first season, he commented that
In addition to his discussion of the show itself, Straczynski often fielded questions related to the writing process in general or regarding the business side of Babylon 5. Many posters asked about topics such as the demands of writing for a series, and how to break into the industry.
As the seasons progressed, ratings were a frequent topic because of the concern surrounding seasonal renewal of the show. For similar reasons, awards such as Emmys that the show received were also discussed on a regular basis.
Departures from the show were often highly emotional topics for the fans, and for Straczynski. The three primary departures which sparked the most commentary were those of Michael O'Hare (between seasons 1 and 2), Andrea Thompson (mid-season 2) and Claudia Christian (between seasons 4 and 5). These departures were also a great source of speculation which ignited strong responses from Straczynski. Straczynski shared information regarding the death of Richard Biggs and Andreas Katsulas.
Details of production and business choices to which fans are not always privy were often shared. Some examples include:
The pre-filming of the last episode of the series during season 4, in case of cancellation.
The cancellation of Crusade and the notes process with TNT that led up to it.
Negotiations to make a Babylon 5 film (Note: these were suspended after Richard Biggs' death.)
The start of production of the Babylon 5: The Lost Tales direct to DVD.
Announcement that he would adapt E.E. Doc Smith's Lensman series for Ron Howard.
Announcement that the only continuation of the Babylon 5 series will be as a feature film.
See also
Babylon 5's use of the Internet
The Lurker's Guide to Babylon 5
References
External links
rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated on USENET
rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated via Google Groups
rastb5mod's web home with FAQs, copies of the RFDs, contacts, and posting policies
The JMSNews.com archive of Straczynski's posts to Usenet, GEnie, Compuserve and AOL
Babylon 5
Newsgroups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rec.arts.sf.tv.babylon5.moderated |
Le Lorrain (; Martinican Creole: ) is a town and commune in the French overseas region and department of Martinique.
Population
Personalities
Raphaël Confiant
Jean Bernabé
See also
Communes of the Martinique department
References
External links
Communes of Martinique
Populated places in Martinique | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Lorrain |
The Suai Church massacre occurred on 6 September 1999, in Suai, Cova Lima District in southwestern East Timor, two days after the results of the independence referendum were announced.
Massacre
According to the International Commission of Inquiry on East Timor's report to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, several hundred persons had sought refuge in the Ave Maria church from attacks of the pro-Indonesia Laksaur militia in the city. Then the militia, with the support of the military of Indonesia, killed up to 200 people. Twenty-six bodies were identified that had been buried across the border in West Timor, but eyewitnesses claim many more were killed.
Five Indonesian officials—Lieutenant Colonel Liliek Kusardiyanto, Captain Ahmad Syamsudin, Lieutenant Sugito, police Colonel Gatot Subiaktoro, and District Head Herman Sedyono—were tried in Indonesia for these crimes but were acquitted. The UN named them and eleven other men in an indictment filed by the UN Serious Crimes Unit in Dili, accusing them of 27 counts of crimes against humanity including murder, extermination, enforced disappearance, torture, and deportation.
See also
List of massacres in East Timor
External links
ETAN (East Timor and Indonesia Action Network) page, including excerpts from the UN report and eyewitness accounts
Human Rights Watch page discussing acquittal of the five implicated Indonesian officials
Suai Church Massacre drawing by Suai youth & Photograph of Church
Drawings of Massacre by Suai Youth 2000
Short Documentary about Suai Church Massacre
1999 in East Timor
Indonesian occupation of East Timor
Massacres in 1999
Massacres in Indonesia
Massacres in religious buildings and structures
September 1999 events in Asia
Massacres in East Timor
Persecution of Catholics
Massacres of Christians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suai%20Church%20massacre |
High is the fourth studio album by Scottish band The Blue Nile, released on 30 August 2004 on Sanctuary Records. A single, "I Would Never", was released one week prior to the album: a second song, "She Saw the World", was made available as a promotional single, but never released officially.
Versions of "Soul Boy" had already been released by Edyta Górniak in 1997 on her self-titled second album and by former Spice Girl Melanie C on her 2003 album Reason.
Critical reception
The album received generally favourable reviews, with many critics considering High to be a stronger album than their previous effort Peace at Last. AllMusic said "the Blue Nile have returned with a more balanced album [than Peace at Last] and Buchanan is broken-hearted again, thank the stars. He's been struggling with fatigue and illness and as selfish and inconsiderate as it sounds, it's brought the spark back to his writing ... given the time to sink in, the album fits well in their canon." The Guardian believed that with High "the emotional commitment of Peace at Last is combined with the observational detachment of the earlier work ... In pop, most people do their best work within five or six years. How extraordinary, then, that after more than two decades of activity, the Blue Nile remain on course, their range expanded, their focus more refined, unshaken in their determination to proceed at their own measured pace."
MusicOMH said "High is proof that they may have been away for a while, but they certainly haven't lost their touch ... Although some may call this album bland, that is to miss the point ... Buchanan's vocals are what raises most of the songs to another level—sometimes a gentle whisper, at other times an anguished cry, it's one of the great, if less celebrated voices in modern music. They may only appear at around the same frequency as Halley's Comet but it's records like High that remind you why The Blue Nile are so highly regarded." BBC Music said "High manages to maintain the Blue Nile's impeccably tasteful standards while soaring blissfully over the rattle and hum of most contemporary music. Paul Buchanan still sings his songs of faded love affairs, broken dreams and squandered ambitions with almost painful emotional candor, while the musical backings are as lush and flowing as ever ... There are many recognizable Blue Nile motifs throughout—the imagery of rain, railway stations, traffic and rooftops will certainly be familiar—and the tempo barely rises above a stately shuffle, which for some might seem a missed opportunity for stylistic innovation. However, for those of us who've cherished the band's previous albums, High is like meeting a new friend, albeit one possessing a reassuring familiarity."
Other reviewers were less enthusiastic: Stylus Magazine said, "If you were hoping for something to stand above Hats as a late-night, solitary classic, then High will only get halfway there, because it sounds exactly as you would expect a fourth Blue Nile album to sound. Perhaps their best music has long since been made, but The Blue Nile still do what they do exquisitely well." The Observer was disappointed, saying "the empty streets of provincial towns are the stock-in-trade landscapes of the Blue Nile, and it's one of the saddening facts about High that those landscapes have become a little predictable", while Uncut said that "Paul Buchanan revisits the same spot on the hillside overlooking the evening city lights, is still filled with the same surging, oblique melancholy and longing that has sustained The Blue Nile since 1984, is still crafting singularly mature MOR in a darker shade of turquoise all his own. This time, however, the overall return feels diminished in effect."
Track listing
All songs written and composed by Paul Buchanan.
"The Days of Our Lives" – 3:32
"I Would Never" – 4:26
"Broken Loves" – 5:20
"Because of Toledo" – 3:53
"She Saw the World" – 3:36
"High" – 3:46
"Soul Boy" – 4:40
"Everybody Else" – 3:50
"Stay Close" – 7:46
2020 Remastered Collector's Edition CD bonus disc
"Wasted" (Previously unreleased) – 5:52
"The Days of Our Lives" (Remix) – 5:13
"She Saw the World" (Remix) – 3:52
"I" (Previously unreleased) – 6:37
"Big Town" (Previously unreleased) – 5:51
"Here Come the Bluebirds" (Previously unreleased) – 4:51
Personnel
The Blue Nile
Robert Bell – bass, synthesizers
Paul Buchanan – vocals, guitar, synthesizers
Paul Joseph Moore – keyboards, synthesizers
Additional personnel
Calum Malcolm – engineer
Charts
When it was released in 2004, High became The Blue Nile's first Top 10 album on the Official Charts Company's UK countdown, peaking at number 10 on the chart of 11 September and lasting for three weeks inside the Top 75. In 2020, the album was re-issued by Confetti Records and charted as separate hit inside the Top 75 at number 74.
References
External links
The Blue Nile official website
The Blue Nile fan pages website
The Blue Nile albums
2004 albums
Sanctuary Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20%28The%20Blue%20Nile%20album%29 |
General I. Zaragoza ( or Terminal Zaragoza) is a station on Lines 2 and 3 of the Monterrey Metro. It is located in Monterrey, on the heart of the Macroplaza. The station was opened on 30 November 1994 as the eastern terminus of the inaugural section of Line 2, between General Anaya and Zaragoza.
This station serves the heart of the Monterrey shopping district. It is one block away from Morelos Street, and Monterrey's Zona Rosa, MARCO museum and the Monterrey City Hall. It is accessible for people with disabilities.
It is named after General Ignacio Zaragoza and the nearby Avenida Ignacio Zaragoza. The station logo depicts this Mexican military genius – the hero of the Battle of Puebla – astride his horse.
See also
List of Monterrey metro stations
References
Metrorrey stations
Railway stations opened in 1994
Railway stations located underground in Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20I.%20Zaragoza%20metro%20station |
New Musik were an English synthpop group active from 1977 to 1982. Led by Tony Mansfield, they achieved success in 1980 with the top 20 single "Living by Numbers" which was followed up with the top 40 hits "This World of Water", "Sanctuary" and hit album From A to B.
History
New Musik formed in 1977 in London, growing out of a casual band of South London school friends who jammed together under the name End of the World. The lead vocalist and frontman for the band was songwriter and record producer Tony Mansfield, who was also a former member of the Nick Straker Band, and was joined in the original line-up by Straker, bassist Tony Hibbert and drummer Phil Towner.
Their first single, "Straight Lines", was released by GTO Records in 1979, and their debut album, From A to B, came out in April 1980. Straker left the band to pursue a solo career and was replaced by Clive Gates for the album.
New Musik made their first appearance on the BBC TV pop programme Top of the Pops in October 1979 with their debut "Straight Lines", which received airplay on BBC Radio 1 from guest DJ Frank Zappa, and also on WPIX-FM in New York. From A to B reached the Top 40 in the UK Albums Chart, and contained four hit singles: "Straight Lines", "This World of Water", "Sanctuary" and their most commercially successful single "Living by Numbers". In 1980, Casio used the latter track as part of a TV advertising campaign for its digital calculators, latching on to the phrase "Such a digital lifetime" used in one of the verses.
Touring the UK in 1980, New Musik performed at May Balls in both Oxford and Cambridge with Elvis Costello; and the Rotterdam New Pop 1980 festival in the Netherlands. In 1981, the band played a second UK tour and were featured in a 1981 documentary film, Listen to London, performing "Straight Lines" and "This World of Water".
The band's second album, Anywhere, was released in 1981 and reached No. 68 in the UK. The album's single releases, "Luxury" and "While You Wait", did not chart. The band performed "Luxury" on Multi-Coloured Swap Shop. In 1981, a compilation album, Sanctuary, was released exclusively in the United States, consisting of five tracks from From A to B and seven from Anywhere. Previous to this release, there had also been a four-song 10" vinyl "Straight Lines" released by CBS Records in the U.S. as part of their short-lived Epic 'Nu-Disk' series, which also included The Clash's, Black Market Clash. Towner and Hibbert departed, and Mansfield and Gates cut the next album with the assistance of studio musicians.
After the demise of GTO Records, the band released their third and final album, Warp, in 1982 which was more experimental than their previous releases. Warp was almost entirely electronic, and one of the first albums to be recorded primarily with digital samplers and emulators. It featured a synthesized version of The Beatles' hit song "All You Need Is Love", alongside an identically titled track of their own. New Musik disbanded shortly after its release that year.
Mansfield went on to achieve success in the field of production with After the Fire, a-ha, Aztec Camera, The B-52's, The Damned, Captain Sensible, Naked Eyes, Mari Wilson, Jean Paul Gaultier, Miguel Bosé, and Ana Torroja.
From A to B and Anywhere were released on CD in 1994, and again in 2001 and 2011, remastered and with bonus tracks. Warp was also released with bonus tracks on CD for the first time in 2001, exclusively in Japan. Warp's first CD release in the UK came in January 2011 on the Cherry Red label (CDLEMD 182).
Members
Last line up before disbandment
Tony Mansfield (1977–1982)
Clive Gates (c. 1979–1982)
Cliff Venner (1982)
Other members
Nick Straker (1977–1979)
Tony Hibbert (1977–81)
Phil Towner (1977–81)
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Singles
See also
List of new wave artists and bands
List of synthpop artists
List of performers on Top of the Pops
References
External links
Foremost New Musik fan site
TopPop performance of "This World of Water" on YouTube
English synth-pop groups
British synth-pop new wave groups
English new wave musical groups
English electronic music groups
English pop music groups
Musical groups from London
Musical groups established in 1977
Musical groups disestablished in 1982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Musik |
Alfred Cowles III (September 15, 1891 – December 28, 1984) was an American economist, businessman and founder of the Cowles Commission. He graduated from Yale in 1913, where he was a member of Skull and Bones.
He was the grandson of Alfred Cowles, Sr., who was a founder of the Chicago Tribune. His father, Alfred Cowles, Jr. (1865–1939) managed and directed the Chicago Tribune from 1898 to 1901 and the American Radiator Company. His mother was Elizabeth Cheney (1865–1898). His parents lived at 1130 N. Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, Illinois. Alfred Cowles III had three siblings: Knight Cheney Cowles (born 1892); John Cheney Cowles (born 1894); and Thomas Hooker Cowles (born June 6, 1895) who married Barbara Granger, daughter of architect Alfred Hoyt Granger.
Alfred Cowles was a fellow and treasurer of the Econometric Society.
Selected works
References
American chief executives
Economists from Illinois
Cowles family
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Businesspeople from Chicago
People from Colorado
Yale University alumni
1891 births
1984 deaths
20th-century American economists
Grand River Academy alumni
20th-century American businesspeople
Members of Skull and Bones | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Cowles |
Route 16 is a primary state route connecting Middletown and Colchester via Route 66. It begins in East Hampton at Route 66 then has an interchange with Route 2 in Colchester. It then runs through Colchester center, then goes to the outskirts of Lebanon town as a rural collector road. Route 16 ends at Route 207 in Lebanon.
Route description
Route 16 begins at a junction with Route 66 in the Cobalt section of East Hampton. It proceeds easterly through the town, intersecting Route 196 before entering the town of Colchester. In the village of Westchester, it intersects Route 149. It then meets Route 2 at Exit 18 before reaching Colchester center. Here it duplexes with Connecticut Route 85 for 0.07 miles, then continues northeasterly toward Lebanon, where it end at a junction with Route 207.
The portion between Route 66 and Route 85 is known as the "Henry Champion Highway".
History
1933-34: Commissioned between Route 66 (then known as Route 14) in East Hampton and Route 85 in Colchester
1963: Extended to Lebanon
Junction list
References
External links
016
Transportation in Middlesex County, Connecticut
Transportation in New London County, Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut%20Route%2016 |
KMBZ-FM (98.1 MHz) is a commercial radio station licensed to Kansas City, Kansas. Owned by Audacy, Inc., KMBZ-FM airs a news/talk radio format. Its studios and offices are on Squibb Road in Mission, Kansas.
KMBZ-FM broadcasts at 100,000 watts, the maximum for most FM stations. The signal covers the Kansas City metropolitan area including much of Northwest Missouri and Eastern Kansas. The transmitter is on East 56th Street near Bennington Avenue in Kansas City, Missouri.
Programming
KMBZ-FM's schedule is mostly local talk shows, while its sister station, AM 980 KMBZ, carries mostly nationally syndicated hosts. Weekdays on KMBZ-FM begin with Kansas City's Morning News, followed by Jayme & Grayson and Dana & Parks. Nights feature syndicated shows including Armstrong & Getty, Ground Zero with Clyde Lewis, Coast to Coast AM with George Noory and This Morning, America's First News with Gordon Deal.
On weekends, shows on money, health, gardening, law and technology are heard, some of which are paid brokered programming. Syndicated programs on weekends include The Kim Komando Show, Bill Handel on the Law and Walter Sterling on Sundays. Most hours begin with an update from ABC News Radio.
History
1959-1969: KCJC
The station first signed on the air on December 9, 1959, as KCJC. It was owned by Futura Music, Inc. and had studios on Rock Creek Lane in Mission, Kansas. The format varied from MOR (Middle of the Road) to progressive rock over time.
In 1967, Starr Broadcasting acquired both KCJC and KUDL (1380 AM, now KCNW) in nearby Fairway, Kansas.
1969-2011: KUDL
KCJC began to simulcast the Top 40 format on KUDL and switched its call sign to KUDL-FM in 1971. The Top 40 hits gave way briefly to a progressive rock format. Then in 1972, the station became Kansas City's second FM station targeting the African-American community, after KPRS-FM, and aired an R&B/soul music format.
In 1973, KUDL switched back to a progressive rock format until 1975, when it reverted to Top 40. The following year, it began calling itself "Disco 98" with a disco music format.
In 1977, KUDL switched to their long running soft rock format. The format lasted through the 1980s and early 1990s, although modified to a soft adult contemporary format, which would later transition to a more upbeat direction by 2000.
In 1978, KUDL and AM 1380, which aired an all-news format, would separate, as the latter was sold to new owners.
In 1993, Apollo Broadcasting bought KUDL and WHB from Shamrock Broadcasting. Apollo then sold WHB to local broadcaster Kanza, Inc., on the same day. In June 1995, Regent Communications bought the station, then Jacor in October 1996, and finally to Entercom in October 1997.
In 2003, Entercom dropped the smooth jazz format of KCIY, moving that station to country music. However, KUDL continued airing Smooth Jazz on Sunday mornings, 7 to 11 a.m., hosted by Taylor Scott. In 2010, KUDL changed its positioning slogan from "98-1 KUDL" to "Soft Rock 98-1".
On November 1, 2006, KUDL switched over to the all-Christmas music, continuing through Christmas Day. In 2009, KUDL also was early in beginning its Christmas music, well before Thanksgiving Day.
2011-present: KMBZ-FM
On March 23, 2011, sister station KGEX flipped to a more modern-leaning adult contemporary format as "99.7 The Point" that contained some overlap with KUDL. One hour after "The Point" launched, KUDL shocked longtime listeners as they announced that they would drop their adult contemporary format after 34 years and flip to a simulcast of sister station KMBZ. The move came likely due to KUDL's mediocre ratings, holding a relatively low 3.4 share in the February 2011 Kansas City Arbitron ratings report, as well as a likely negative connection to the call letters KUDL, which likely turned away younger demographics. After the announcement was made, KUDL then began running liners redirecting listeners to KGEX, who would change call letters to KZPT. KUDL morning host Tanna Guthrie moved to afternoons on KZPT, and afternoon host Roger Carson moved to mornings on sister station WDAF-FM, where he replaced Blake Powers. The station held a two-hour farewell show on March 28, before KUDL closed out its heritage format at 8 a.m. that day with "Hold On to the Nights" by Richard Marx. Following the show, KUDL began simulcasting KZPT for three days, as another way to redirect listeners to the frequency.
On March 30, at 2 p.m., after playing "Something to Talk About" by Bonnie Raitt, KUDL broke from the simulcast and became KMBZ-FM. In addition, KMBZ-FM replaced its classical music format on its HD2 subchannel. Currently, KMBZ-FM-HD2 carries a simulcast of KMBZ (AM).
The simulcast of KMBZ and KMBZ-FM was split on January 5, 2015, with the AM adopting a mostly syndicated talk format as "Talk 980", while the FM revamped its schedule by airing a more locally oriented talk line up weekdays from 5 a.m. to 9 p.m. KMBZ and KMBZ-FM continue to simulcast the morning news block, "Kansas City's Morning News," on both stations.
References
External links
MBZ-FM
Mass media in Kansas City, Kansas
Johnson County, Kansas
Audacy, Inc. radio stations
Radio stations established in 1959
1959 establishments in Kansas
News and talk radio stations in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KMBZ-FM |
William Beatty (January 19, 1835 – December 2, 1898) was an Ontario businessman and political figure.
He was born in Stonyford, Ireland in 1835 and came to Thorold in Upper Canada with his family the same year. He attended Victoria College in Cobourg, receiving an LLB in 1864. He was elected to the university's senate in the following year. He also worked with his father and brother in the timber trade. Their company operated a sawmill on the Seguin River at Parry Sound, primarily managed by William, and a steamship service between Collingwood, Parry Sound and Port Arthur/Fort William (Thunder Bay), mainly operated by his brother James Hughes. The firm set up a town at Parry Sound and William also served as a lay Methodist minister for the community.
In 1867, he was unsuccessful in a bid to represent Algoma in the House of Commons of Canada, losing by 9 votes; he was elected to represent Welland in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario later that same year. He was not reelected in the next general election in 1871. Later that year, the operation in Parry Sound was sold and Beatty settled there. He bought out his brother and father's share in the town site and set up a general store there. With Beatty's support, a vote was taken to keep the township free of alcohol under the terms of the Dunkin Act. Up until 1950, anyone who bought land in the town had to sign an agreement not to sell alcohol on their premises.
Over the years, Beatty operated a number of mills at Parry Sound. He also retained a share in the shipping operation. He operated a hotel located on the waterfront and helped establish a railway line to Parry Sound, which was later taken over by John Rudolphus Booth's Ottawa, Arnprior & Parry Sound Railway.
He died at Parry Sound in 1898.
Electoral record
External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
1835 births
1898 deaths
Canadian Methodists
Ontario Liberal Party MPPs
Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople
Irish emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario
Immigrants to Upper Canada
Businesspeople from County Kilkenny
Politicians from County Kilkenny | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Beatty%20%28Ontario%20politician%29 |
The Bedford Reader is a college composition textbook published by the Bedford/St. Martin's publishing company. It is edited by X. J. Kennedy, Dorothy M. Kennedy, and Jane E. Aaron. It is widely used in freshman composition courses at colleges across the United States.
The eleventh edition of the book is composed of over seventy essays, one short story, and one poem. It is divided into eleven sections by the various methods of development: narration, description, example, comparison and contrast, analysis, process analysis, classification, cause and effect, definition, argument and persuasion, along with a section on mixing the methods.
Famous works and authors
Numerous essays and stories by noted authors are included in The Bedford Reader. These include:
An excerpt from Maya Angelou's I Know why the Caged Bird Sings
"The Lottery" by Shirley Jackson
"Shooting Dad", the essay that made Sarah Vowell famous
An essay by Dave Barry
"Remembering my Childhood on the Continent of Africa", from David Sedaris' Me Talk Pretty One Day
Jessica Mitford's "Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain"
David Foster Wallace's commencement speech for Kenyon College, "This Is Water"
An excerpt from Michael Pollan's The Omnivore's Dilemma
Judy Brady's "I Want a Wife"
Gloria Naylor's "The Meanings of a Word"
Richard Rodriguez's "Aria: A Memoir of a Bilingual Childhood"
An excerpt from Barbara Kingsolver's Animal, Vegetable, Miracle
John Updike's "Extreme Dinosaurs"
Martin Luther King Jr.'s I Have a Dream speech
Edward Said's "Clashing Civilizations?" (Said's response to Samuel P. Huntington's "The Clash of Civilizations")
George Orwell's "Shooting an Elephant"
Jonathan Swift's "A Modest Proposal"
Suzanne Britt's "Neat People vs. Sloppy People"
Brent Staples's "Black Men and Public Space"
"Dance of the Hobs". by William Least Heat-Moon
The text quickly became a standard in college composition courses across the country. Because of the diversity of works and authors, The Bedford Reader has become popular among Advanced Placement English teachers, specifically those teaching to the AP English Language and Composition test.
External links
Book description at Bedford-St. Martin's site
Textbooks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bedford%20Reader |
Oshu or Ōshū may refer to:
Another name for Mutsu Province, a former Japanese province
Ōshū, Iwate, Japan, a city
Northern Fujiwara (Ōshū Fujiwara-shi), a Japanese noble family
Ōshū Corporation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oshu |
Bold text
Squidoo was a revenue-sharing article-writing site. Articles were called "lenses". In 2010, the site consisted of 1.5 million lenses . On August 15, 2014, founder Seth Godin announced that HubPages had acquired Squidoo.
History
Development started in 2005. The launch team consisted of Seth Godin, his book editor Megan Casey, former Fast Company employee Heath Row, Corey Brown, and Gil Hildebrand, Jr. The first version was developed by Viget Labs.
Site structure
Squidoo was a user-generated Web site which allowed users to create multimedia pages without an understanding of HTML. Godin called articles "lenses", because he saw them as "[focusing] light and [showing] us what we need to see." Writers were called "lensmasters". In Squidoo's early stages, Godin noted that Martha Stewart and Jane Goodall's lenses did not receive large amounts of traffic, whereas lenses on myspace and the online game Line Rider were among the site's most successful.
Godin announced in January 2006 that the company would start a profit-sharing system whereby lensmasters would receive affiliate income from ads they placed in their lenses.
Reception
After its debut, Squidoo was profiled in CNN, The New York Times, MSNBC, and The Washington Post. The site was given top prize in South by Southwest's community/wiki category in 2007. Squidoo challenged established information Web sites like About.com and eHow for traffic, while it remained similar in unique visitor numbers to other revenue-sharing sites like Mahalo.com and HubPages.
HubPages acquisition
On August 15, 2014, Godin announced that Squidoo had been acquired by HubPages in a friendly takeover. In common with many revenue-sharing sites, Squidoo's traffic and income had been declining for some time and if it had not been sold to HubPages, it would not have been financially viable to maintain the site.
In the announcement on the Squidoo site, Godin explained:
They’re [HubPages] the industry leader, continually pushing the envelope in terms of their content, its presentation, and the traffic and traction they get online. The best way we know to serve our users is to give them an even better place for their content, and when I talked with Paul Edmondson at HubPages, it became clear to both of us that combining these platforms leads to a stronger, more efficient, more generous way to share great stuff online.
Users were warned to save their pages, as only the top-performing Squidoo lenses would be transferred to HubPages.
References
Online publishing companies of the United States
Internet properties established in 2005
2014 mergers and acquisitions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squidoo |
Dadanawa Ranch is located on the Rupununi River in the Rupununi savannah in the Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Region of Guyana. It is the largest and one of the most isolated cattle ranches in Guyana.
Location
Dadanawa Ranch is one of the most remote ranches in the world containing about 6,000 cattle. The ranch area is said to be . It is located on the Rupununi River in the South Rupununi savannahs, in the Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo Region of Guyana. The habitat of the area is diverse, "ranging from riparian forest/scrub along the Rupununi River to savanna with few scattered trees".
The preferred means of travel to Dadanawa is by jeep. It takes about 3.5 hours to drive from Lethem to Dadanawa in the dry season, and as much as three days in the wet season. Tourists often stay at Dadanawa and use the ranch as a base for further journeys throughout the South Rupununi.
History
The name "Dadanawa" is a distortion of the local Wapishana Amerindian name of Dadinauwau, or "macaw spirit creek hill".
Dadanawa started out as a trading post by a man of the name DeRooie about 1865 and was sold with 300 head of cattle in the late 1880s to H.P.C. Melville, a gold prospector from Barbados who found himself lost and near-dead of malaria in the area several years before. The ranch was sold to investors and established as the Rupununi Development Company in 1919.
Workers
Ranch cowboys are called "vaqueros", most of whom are Wapishana Amerindians who operate barefoot and are responsible for managing ranch livestock. The ranch supports over 40 people in the main compound including the direct and extended families of the manager and staff, some of which extend for three generations.
The ranch is now run by Duane de Freitas, his wife Sandie and son Justin along with his Irish partner, Erin Earl. They run an ecotourism business from the ranch and visitors from all over the world come to birdwatch or go on river trips in the savannahs and Amazon rainforest. Duane and Justin have set up the Rupununi Conservation Society to protect the highly endangered siskins and other bird and river turtle species.
Harry E Turner
Harry E Turner was an English ex-cavalry officer who said that he had ridden in the last British army cavalry charge in the Middle East during the First World War. He was the manager of Dadanawa up to 1965, and retired to England that year.
References
The Rupununi Development Company Limited -The Early History, 1972, *Turner, Harry E.
Populated places in Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo
Ranches
Agriculture in Guyana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadanawa%20Ranch |
Champagnole () is a commune in the Jura department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
Geography
Champagnole has the publicity tag of "Pearl of the Jura" and is a small town at the geographical centre of Jura tourism. It stands on the right bank of the young river Ain at the foot of Mont Rivel (800m). It is around 130 km north east of Lyon, around 90 km south east of Dijon, and around 60 km north of Geneva.
Population
Economy
Champagnole’s economic activity is principally industrial. The town is surrounded by blocks of forest so the exploitation of the timber and of its derivatives supplies the raw materials for furniture factories, including bathroom furniture. There is also a craft trade in box-making, wooden utensils and toys.
The presence of the Ain is the source of other industries at Champagnole: mills, iron and steel working, including specialist steels and drawing wire to special sections. The Forges de Syam, which are classed as an historic monument, are a proud representative of this metalworking tradition. A less obvious connection with the river lies in the aluminium foundry-work done at Champagnole but a speciality in this field usually goes with a supply of relatively cheap, hydroelectricity, a product of the Ain since the early 20th century. There are also printing works, plastic injection moulding factories, micro-mechanical workshops and optical laboratories producing spectacles.
Its food specialities are charcuterie or pork butchery, represented by fumé du Jura (smoked Jura ham); Comté (a cow’s milk cheese) or goat cheese, other milk products and honey (from spruce and from flowers).
History
The modern economy of the town is based on the economic assets of the region historically. Though it is normal to think of steel works in connection with extensive, flat sites and the proximity of coal, here iron-working began before the use of coal for the purpose was practical. The forest was needed to provide charcoal. The river in its steep bed provided power. There was plenty of limestone for smelting flux and some ferruginous limestone, though how useful that will have been as ore is not clear. (Compare Red Mountain, Birmingham, Alabama). Another consideration is the fact that Champagnole is so to speak, just over the hill from La Tène, the centre of late Iron Age culture. See La Tène culture.
Administration
Sights
Gateway to the high Jura and to the land of the Jura lakes, Champagnole is a floral town featuring the "Parc de Belle Frise". The Ain passes below the lower edge of the park. On its bank are walks.
In the same way, Champagnole is the gateway to the Route des Sapins (the Pine Road), which in forty kilometres, crosses the forests of the Frese, the Joux and of Levier, named after the commune where the route ends.
The Forges de Syam form part both of the history of Champagnole's industry and of its present. There are signs that it may be set for the future too.
Sports
Champagnole is a sporting town with all types of sports club including rugby, football, tennis, baseball, pétanque and handball.
Stage 19 of the 2020 Tour de France ended here.
See also
Jura mountains
Communes of the Jura department
Twin towns
Gottmadingen, Germany, twinned since 1968
Dukinfield, England, twinned since 1958
References
External links
Official town site
Communes of Jura (department) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champagnole |
Vengeance Rising was an American Christian thrash metal band from Los Angeles, California. Fronted by vocalist Roger Martinez, they originally formed as Vengeance in 1987, but changed their name in 1989 to avoid conflict with another band from the Netherlands. Band members Larry Farkas, Doug Thieme, Roger Dale Martin, and Glen Mancaruso left following Once Dead and formed the band Die Happy. Roger Martinez stayed on to record two more studio albums, but aside from him, Vengeance Rising's lineup changed for each subsequent album. While the group was a ground breaking Christian metal band, today Vengeance Rising is known for vocalist Martinez's turning from Christianity to Satanism to atheism. AllMusic describes Vengeance Rising's history as "one of the most entertaining and bizarre stories in the realm of heavy metal."
Biography
The band was known for its fascination with violent themes, as reflected lyrically in their first two albums. Their first two albums, before the split into Die Happy, are considered their best. Their debut Human Sacrifice was called "the most radical Christian album ever released" by HM Magazine editor Doug Van Pelt. Their penchant for violence extended to the stage, and the band would graphically portray the crucifixion of Christ at their shows. Extreme graphics also appeared in the cover art of the band's albums. Both Human Sacrifice and Once Dead were censored by Christian bookstores at least partially because of their violent graphical content. Copies of their third release. Destruction Comes, had a censorship sticker covering the male figure, dubbed "Raegoul", exposing half of his flesh without skin.
A review of Once Dead in CCM found that the cover of that albums depiction of "resurrection from spiritual death" was "grisly". Musically, the album showed an influence of speed metal, with thrash arrangements on some songs, like the cover of Deep Purple's Space Truckin', and "Out of the Will", which reminded one reviewer of One Bad Pig. While the vocals often sounded "like someone gargling razor blades", the lyrics were found to be "very Bible based," and matched with the scriptural references from which they were drawn.
Frontman Roger Martinez had a background in the Pentecostal Foursquare Church, and was baptized there. He eventually rose to be pastor of a Hollywood area church, though by Released Upon the Earth he had left to pursue music full-time. While there, he began to look into the practice of faith healing, and he claimed to have found it to be a fraud.
In the mid 1990s, Martinez left the Christian faith, telling HM that he was a committed atheist in 1997. There were rumors at this time that it is possible that he was never a Christian and was putting on a performance. Today, Martinez has obtained rights to the band name for future projects. According to Scott Waters and Steve Rowe, Martinez began to make tapes counteracting the tapes he made during his Christian career. He created a website that renounced his previous output and posted articles portraying Christian leaders in a negative light. Martinez then began making death threats to individuals he claimed "stabbed him in the back", which included friend Steve Rowe of Mortification, a band Martinez helped get their first record contract.
Although he has stated that he was working on an album to be released under the name "Vengeance Rising" with more of an anti-Christian, Satanic Atheism theme, the album, reportedly titled Realms of Blasphemy, has never been released. The album had a strong satanic and anti-Christian theme, sporting titles such as: "Synagogues for Satan" and "Blaspheme the Holy Ghost".
Vocalist Scott Waters of Ultimatum and Once Dead stated on his metal music review website that
He also claims that Martinez only kept the name of Vengeance Rising because of "continued curiosity from metal fans and Christians alike". In 2007, Shannon Frye did an interview where they mentioned his time in Vengeance. He stated
After the September 11, 2001 attacks occurred, Martinez offered free albums from his website for military personnel to encourage a "holy war against Christians". Former fans and critics believe this to be an attack on former bandmates and Christianity, due to the straining situation of debt that he was left with when band members departed after the "Once Dead Tour". However, the former band members - Farkas, Thieme, Martin and Mancaruso - spoke out against the claims that Martinez put out. Martinez stated that the four of them had stolen from him. Despite this, the four of them stated that they never stole equipment and that he took all responsibility for the debts of Vengeance, which he agreed to. This was covered in an issue of Heaven's Metal Magazine, with Doug Van Pelt interviewing all of them.
Former founding members of Vengeance Rising along with Ultimatum vocalist Scott Waters reformed in 2004 to play a reunion show at a small club called Chain Reaction in Anaheim, California. Since Martinez owns the rights to the name "Vengeance Rising", they used the name Once Dead. They released a DVD of that show called Return with a Vengeance.
On August 6, 2017, it was announced that Human Sacrifice was being reissued and a reunion show, with the band's original lineup, with Jim Settle, vocalist of Hand of Fire, filling-in on vocals for Martinez, would be performed at SoCal Metal Fest 2 on August 12.
Discography
Studio albums
Human Sacrifice (1988, Intense Records, Reviews: Cross Rhythms, PowerMetal.de )
Once Dead (1990, Intense, Reviews: Cross Rhythms (1), Cross Rhythms (2))
Destruction Comes (1991, Intense, Review: Cross Rhythms)
Released Upon the Earth (1992, Intense)
Realms of Blasphemy (2000, project was never released)
Compilations
Anthology (1993, Intense)
Members
Many members have participated in other projects
Current
Former
Session musicians
Jamie Mitchell - (1991) lead guitar (Scaterd Few)
Victor Macias (aka Joe Monsorb'nik) - (1991) bass (Tourniquet, Deliverance)
Jimmy P. Brown II (aka Simon Dawg) - (1991) (Deliverance)
Touring musicians
George Ochoa - (1992) guitars (Deliverance, Recon, Worldview)
Daniel Cordova - (1992) guitars (the Slave Eye, Shades of Crimson, the Sacrificed, Heretic)
Michael Wagel - (1992) bass
Side projects
Larry Farkas, Doug Thieme, Roger Martin, and Glenn Mancaruso played in Die Happy. All the aforementioned also formed Once Dead with Scott Waters in 2004.
Jamie Mitchell played in the punk band Scaterd Few.
Larry Farkas, George Ochoa, Jimmy Brown, Chris Hyde and Victor Macias played in Deliverance.
Daniel Cordova made a guest appearance on "Sons of Thunder" CD by Driver.
Roger Martinez produced a demo for the band Ritual in 1991.
Macias also performed in Tourniquet.
References
External links
Vengeance Rising at MySpace
Info on the Christian-Era "Vengeance Rising" from a fan
Thrash metal musical groups from California
American Christian metal musical groups
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Musical groups established in 1987
Christian extreme metal groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vengeance%20Rising |
Friendship's Field is a 1995 drama film about overcoming prejudice.
Parts of the film were shot in Salt Lake City, Utah and Idaho.
Plot
Ira has one last summer of freedom before having to work in the beet fields with her sisters. Her father hires some migrant workers, and Ira makes friend with Oscar, a Mexican. Despite prejudice of locals, the two build a lasting friendship.
Primary cast
Kate Maberly as Ira
Jonathan Hernandez as Oscar
Randall King as George
Nancy Riddle as Older Ira
References
External links
1995 films
1995 drama films
Films shot in Salt Lake City
Films shot in Idaho
1990s English-language films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendship%27s%20Field |
Copperopolis is the third studio album by alternative rock band Grant Lee Buffalo. It was released in 1996 on Slash Records.
Production
The album was produced by bass player Paul Kimble. It was recorded in six weeks.
All songs were written by Grant Lee Phillips
Critical reception
No Depression wrote that "the sound is lush and more beautiful than ever." Trouser Press wrote that "every song is a miniature epic" and that "the record confirms Phillips as a pop auteur." The Rough Guide to Rock called the album "triumphant," writing that it introduced "a richer, more sweeping sound."
Track listing
All tracks composed by Grant Lee Phillips
"Homespun"
"The Bridge"
"Arousing Thunder"
"Even The Oxen"
"Crackdown"
"Armchair"
"Bethlehem Steel"
"All That I Have"
"Two & Two"
"Better For Us"
"Hyperion & Sunset"
"Comes To Blows"
"The Only Way Down"
References
Grant Lee Buffalo albums
1996 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperopolis%20%28album%29 |
Balmoral is a suburb of the City of Lake Macquarie in New South Wales, Australia, and is located on the western shore of Lake Macquarie between the towns of Toronto and Morisset.
It has a boat ramp providing access to Secret Bay and Eraring Bay on Lake Macquarie.
See also
2013 New South Wales bushfires
References
External links
History of Balmoral (Lake Macquarie City Library)
Suburbs of Lake Macquarie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balmoral%2C%20New%20South%20Wales%20%28Lake%20Macquarie%29 |
"Twenty Foreplay" is a song by American singer-songwriter Janet Jackson from her first greatest hits album, Design of a Decade: 1986–1996 (1995). Written and produced by Jackson and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis as one of the two new songs on the album, it was sent to radio stations in the United States as the second single on December 5, 1995, while being issued as the third single on March 25, 1996 in the United Kingdom, by A&M Records. The song is a play on the word "foreplay" and "24 hours a day", and has an unusual musical structure, containing "over-the-top" lyrics which find Jackson singing to a boyfriend.
"Twenty Foreplay" received positive reviews from music critics, yet was unable to enter the Billboard Hot 100 or the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs charts in the US due to the lack of a commercial release. Overseas, it achieved moderate success commercially, reaching the top 40 in Australia, Canada, and the UK. The song's black-and-white music video was directed by Keir McFarlane, and features Jackson visually inspired by actress Dorothy Dandridge, living the glamorous Hollywood life. Once, the song was performed on the State of the World Tour in 2017.
Background and composition
In 1991, Jackson fulfilled her contract with A&M Records, signing a multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records estimated between $32 million and $50 million, making her the highest paid recording artist at the time. Her fifth studio album, titled Janet, was released in May 1993, selling 14 million copies worldwide. As Jackson's contract with Virgin included a clause giving her the option to leave the label during this time, she returned to A&M in order to release Design of a Decade: 1986–1996, her first compilation album. According to A&M president Al Cafaro, no new songs would be released, but "Runaway" and "Twenty Foreplay" were included as new tracks, being both recorded in July and August 1995 with Jackson's longtime collaborators Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. The former was released as the lead single from the project, reaching number three on the US Billboard Hot 100. "Twenty Foreplay" was sent to radio stations in the United States as the second single on December 5, 1995, and was commercially released in the United Kingdom as the third single from the compilation on March 25, 1996, by A&M Records.
"Twenty Foreplay" was written and produced by Jackson alongside Jam and Lewis. It was recorded at Flyte Tyme Studios in Edina, Minnesota, by Steve Hodge, who also mixed the track. Instrumentation on the song includes guitar by Mike Scott, drums by Stokley, violins by Caroline Daws, Brenda Mickens, Helen Foli, Dick Massman, Laurie Hippen, Julia Persitz, Andrea Een, and Liz Sobieski, viola by Alice Preves and Hasan Sumen, cello by Josh Koestenbaum and Laura Sewell, bass by Greg Hippen, flute by Ken Holmen, and strings arranged and conducted by Lee Blaske. Jam and Lewis play all other instruments present on the song. "Twenty Foreplay" was mastered by Bob Ludwig at Gateway Mastering in Portland, Maine, along with all other tracks present on Design of a Decade: 1986–1996.
Musically, "Twenty Foreplay" has an unusual structure, as it does not contain a hook. It is a funk song which starts as a "tender" ballad before changing to a mid-tempo "bump and grind". Danyel Smith of Vibe noted that the song's "suggestive funk interlude" keeps with the spirit of Janet (1993). The title is a play on the word "foreplay" and "24 hours a day", and contains "over-the-top" lyrics, which finds Jackson singing directed to her boyfriend: "Tell me do you want the blindfold / Tell me what you like". On the liner notes of Design of a Decade: 1986–1996, biographer David Ritz wrote that the track "infuses the melody with a lethal combination of carnal heat and emotional sensitivity". The singer told VH1 that "Twenty Foreplay" was a "kind of a sweet and sour thought" for her when she thinks about what the song is about, and she hears "the sadness in it and remember the sadness". The US version of "Twenty Foreplay" is lengthier than the international version, which was edited in order to fit two more songs on the international release of Design of a Decade: 1986–1996.
Reception
"Twenty Foreplay" was met with positive reviews from music critics. Elysa Gardner from Vibe saw the track as a "lush romantic ballad"; similarly, the staff of Music Week described it as a "pleasant, slinky ballad", while the staff of Music & Media stated that despite the "infectious beat", the song "comes across as quite mellow due to its lingering vocals and wandering melodies". Gil L. Robertson IV from Cashbox noted that the song "aptly showcase[s] Jackson's continued evolution as a strong and highly-focused adult performer". On the liner notes of Design of a Decade: 1986-1996, David Ritz called "Twenty Foreplay" a "smoldering ballad, one of those Janet Jackson lovemaking rhapsodies that seem to stop the hands of time". AllMusic senior editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine, while reviewing the album, felt that "Runaway" and "Twenty Foreplay" feel like "genuine hits, not tacked-on filler" on the album. On a contrary note, Billboards Paul Verna felt that the inclusion of both tracks on the compilation "gives the collection extra sizzle, and suggests that Jackson's already lofty star is still on the rise". Paul Marsh from The San Francisco Examiner wrote that "Runaway" and "Twenty Foreplay" were not "that adventurous, but they're solid", complementing "if they were white of more bohemian, Jackson-Jam-Lewis might have been a hot modern rock band". For David Browne of Entertainment Weekly, the track shows "how much more confident a singer Jackson has become", but felt that it finds her "still working overtime to show us she's an honest-to-God grown-up". In a review for the single, the staff of The Guardian stated, "Whoever taught sweet little Janet the art of double entendre must despair at the monster they created."
Although Billboards Fred Bronson predicted "Twenty Foreplay" to reach the top 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, extending Jackson's record as the second female artist with the most consecutive top 10 singles, the song was unable to enter the chart or the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs due to the lack of a commercial release. However, the single managed to enter the US Mainstream Top 40 and R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay charts at numbers 36 and 32, respectively. It achieved similar success in Canada, peaking at number 27 on the RPM singles chart on the week dated May 2, 1996. The single reached number 29 in Australia and spent five weeks on the chart, while peaking at number 38 in New Zealand, charting for a sole week. In the UK, "Twenty Foreplay" debuted at number 22 on the UK Singles Chart for the week ending April 5, 1996, becoming Jackson's first single not to reach the top 20 since "Love Will Never Do (Without You)" (1991). It was present on the chart for six weeks. However, the song fared better on the UK R&B Chart, peaking at number five. The track attained lower success in other countries in Europe, peaking at number 31 in Scotland, number 41 in the Netherlands, and number 74 in Germany.
Promotion
Music video
The music video for "Twenty Foreplay" was directed by Keir McFarlane. Jackson's look on the video was inspired by actress Dorothy Dandridge, who she idolized and had expressed interest in portraying on a biographic film; MTV News considered the video a virtual audition for the role. The video was shot in black-and-white and features the singer as a film actress living the glamorous Hollywood life, such as attending a movie premiere and a press conference, intercut with footage of her singing on the backlot of a movie set. Jim Farber of the New York Daily News pointed out that Jackson had never "gone for the high-toned glamour she apes here", and felt she "glows like Marilyn Monroe at her leggy peak", writing that "her efforts to be seen as timeless couldn't be more transparent. But the clip's haute fashion sense and cool photography impress." On a contrary note, the staff of The Guardian wrote, "Avoid seeing the video; it'll never be as good as the one in your head." The video was released commercially on the two-CD + DVD compilation Japanese Singles Collection -Greatest Hits- (2022).
Live performance
Jackson sang "Twenty Foreplay" live for the first time on her 2017 State of the World Tour. Accompanied by two back-up singers, the singer performed the song dressed in a loose denim jacket, sweatpants and a flannel shirt tied around her waist. Andrew Barker from Variety magazine said it showcased "perhaps the boldest of her three costume changes" during the show. Analyzing Jackson's voice during the performance, he deemed it strong, although not "always the most layered of instruments, but it has a softness and a lilting sweetness that she managed to emphasize while still projecting well enough to cut through the clatter".
Track listings and formats
UK CD single
"Twenty Foreplay (Slow Jam International Edit)" – 4:26
"The Pleasure Principle (Legendary Radio Mix)" – 4:17
"Alright (CJ Radio)" – 3:52
"The Pleasure Principle (Legendary Club Mix)" – 8:15
European CD single
"Twenty Foreplay (Slow Jam International Edit)" – 4:26
"Runaway (Jam & Lewis Street Mix Edit)" – 3:23
"Runaway (Jam & Lewis Ghetto Mix)" – 4:54
"Twenty Foreplay (Slow Jam Video Edit)" – 4:50
Remixes CD single
"Twenty Foreplay (Radio Club Mix Edit)" – 3:42
"Twenty Foreplay (Junior's Jungle Club Mix)" – 9:56
"Twenty Foreplay (Radio Club Mix)" – 5:02
"Runaway (G-Man's Hip Hop Mix)" – 4:14
Credits and personnel
Credits are adapted from the Design of a Decade: 1986–1996 liner notes.
Janet Jackson — vocals, songwriter, producer
James Harris III — songwriter, producer, instruments
Terry Lewis — songwriter, producer, instruments
Mike Scott — guitar
Stokley — drums
Caroline Daws — violin
Brenda Mickens — violin
Helen Foli — violin
Dick Massman — violin
Laurie Hippen — violin
Julia Persitz — violin
Andrea Een — violin
Liz Sobieski — violin
Alice Preves — viola
Hasan Sumen — viola
Josh Koestenbaum – cello
Laura Sewell – cello
Greg Hippen – bass
Ken Holmen – flute
Lee Blaske – strings
Steve Hodge — recording, mixing
Bob Ludwig — mastering
Charts
Release history
References
1990s ballads
1995 songs
1996 singles
Janet Jackson songs
Contemporary R&B ballads
Songs written by Janet Jackson
Songs written by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
Song recordings produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
Black-and-white music videos
Music videos directed by Keir McFarlane
Soul ballads | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twenty%20Foreplay |
Laksaur was one of the pro-Indonesia militias which committed atrocities around the time of the referendum for independence in 1999 in East Timor. They are considered the principal agents in the Suai Church Massacre, which occurred a week after the referendum. They were believed to have been supported by the military of Indonesia.
References
External links
East Timor and Indonesia Action Network (ETAN) page on the trial of a Laksaur commander
Indonesian occupation of East Timor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laksaur |
Talaromycosis is a fungal infection that presents with painless skin lesions of the face and neck, as well as an associated fever, anaemia, and enlargement of the lymph glands and liver.
It is caused by the fungus Talaromyces marneffei, which is found in soil and decomposing organic matter. The infection is thought to be contracted by inhaling the fungus from the environment, though the environmental source of the organism is not known. People already suffering from a weakened immune system due to conditions such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplant, long-term steroid use, old age, malnutrition or autoimmune disease are typically the ones to contract this infection. It generally does not affect healthy people and does not spread from person to person. Diagnosis is usually made by identification of the fungus from clinical specimens, either by microscopy or culture. Biopsies of skin lesions, lymph nodes, and bone marrow demonstrate the presence of organisms on histopathology. Medical imaging may reveal shadows in the lungs. The disease can look similar to tuberculosis and histoplasmosis.
Talaromycosis may be prevented in people at high risk, using the antifungal medication itraconazole, and is treatable with amphotericin B followed by itraconazole or voriconazole. The disease is fatal in 75% of those not given treatment.
Talaromycosis is endemic exclusively to southeast Asia (including southern China and eastern India), and particularly in young farmers. The exact number of people in the world affected is not known. Men are affected more than women. The first natural human case of talaromycosis was reported in 1973 in an American minister with Hodgkin's disease who lived in Southeast Asia.
Signs and symptoms
There may be no symptoms, or talaromycosis may present with small painless skin lesions. The head and neck are most often affected. Other features include: fever, general discomfort, weight loss, cough, difficulty breathing, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, swelling of the spleen (splenomegaly), liver swelling (hepatomegaly), swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), and anemia. There may be no symptoms.
In those without HIV infection, the lungs, liver, and mouth are usually affected, with systemic infection rarely occurring. The skin lesions are also often smooth. The disease tends to present differently in those with HIV infection; they are more likely to experience widespread infection. Their skin lesions however, are usually dented in the centre and can appear similar to molluscum contagiosum.
Cause
Talaromycosis is usually caused by T. marneffei, however, other species of the Talaromyces genus are also known to cause the disease in rare cases.
Risk factors
Talaromycosis rarely affects healthy people and generally occurs in people who are already sick and unable to fight infection such as HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplant, long-term steroid use, old age, malnutrition or autoimmune disease.
Mechanism
The infection is thought to be acquired through breathing in the organism from the environment. However, the exact source of infection is not known. The infection is not spread person-to-person. In Thailand, talaromycosis is more common during the rainy season; rain may promote the proliferation of the fungus in the environment.
Diagnosis
There is no accurate fast serological test. Diagnosis relies on identifying Talaromyces marneffei in cultures from clinical specimens such as sputum, blood, skin scrapings, lymph node, and bone marrow, by which time the disease is in the late-stage. Fungi in blood are found in half of case.
Non-specific laboratory findings may show evidence of the fungus invading tissue, such as low platelets due to bone marrow infiltration, and elevated transaminases due to liver involvement.
Biopsies of skin lesions, lymph nodes, and bone marrow demonstrate the presence of organisms on histopathology. Intracellular and extracellular forms are oval and have a characteristic transverse septum. In culture, colonies are powdery green and produce red pigment; however, cultures are negative in a significant number of cases.
Medical imaging may reveal shadows in the lungs.
Differential diagnosis
The disease can look similar to tuberculosis and histoplasmosis
Treatment
Talaromycosis may be prevented in people at high risk, using the antifungal medication itraconazole, and is treatable with amphotericin B followed by itraconazole or voriconazole.
Outcomes
With treatment, less than 25% of those affected die. Without treatment, more than 75% will die.
Epidemiology
The exact number of people in the world affected is not known. Once considered rare, its occurrence increased due to HIV/AIDS to become the third most common opportunistic infection (after extrapulmonary tuberculosis and cryptococcosis) in HIV-positive individuals within the endemic area of Southeast Asia. While incidence in those with HIV began to decrease due to antiretroviral treatment, the number of cases in those without HIV began to rise in some endemic areas since the mid-1990s, likely due to improved diagnosis and an increase in other conditions that reduce immunity. The disease has been found to be more common in young farmers. Men are affected more than women.
History
T. marneffei was first isolated from a bamboo rat in Vietnam in 1956. Three years later, it was described by Gabriel Segretain as a new species with disease potential. The first natural human case of talaromycosis was reported in 1973 in an American minister with Hodgkin's disease who lived in Southeast Asia.
Research
An antigen assay has been developed to detect a key virulence factor Mp1p that has been shown to have a high specificity for Talaromyces marneffei.
References
External links
Animal fungal diseases
Fungal diseases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaromycosis |
Shipwrecked () is a 1990 family action-adventure film directed by Nils Gaup and starring Stian Smestad and Gabriel Byrne. The film is a dramatization of Norwegian author Oluf Falck-Ytter's book Haakon Haakonsen: En Norsk Robinson (Haakon Haakonsen: A Norwegian Robinson).
The movie was produced by a consortium of Scandinavian companies and released in the US in an English-language version by Walt Disney Pictures.
Plot
Haakon Haakonsen (Stian Smestad), a young Norwegian boy in the 1850s, becomes the sole support of his family as a cabin boy on a ship after his father is injured. Jens (Trond Peter Stamsø Munch), who was a shipmate of Haakon's father and a friend of the Haakonsens, agrees to be a "sea daddy" to Haakon, teaching him seamanship and acting as an older brother during their voyage.
At first, Haakon has a difficult time adjusting to life at sea, but eventually earns the respect of his shipmates. After shore-leave in London, a British naval officer, Lt. Howell, joins the crew ostensibly to provide protection from pirates. Unbeknownst to the crew, he is actually a notorious pirate named John Merrick, who has murdered the real Howell and taken his identity. Haakon learns that "Howell" has secretly brought guns onto the ship, and Howell attempts to persuade Haakon not to say anything about the guns to the captain.
After the mysterious death of the admired captain (who had been poisoned by Howell's first mate), Howell assumes command. Upon arriving in Sydney, shore-leave is abruptly cancelled and a suspicious new batch of sailors come on board. After departing Australia, Haakon discovers a stowaway (Louisa Milwood-Haigh) named Mary who turns into a love interest. Work on board ship soon becomes terrible for Haakon, Jens, and the original sailors, which intensifies when the new captain finds Mary and demands whoever has been fraternizing with her to show his face. Haakon admits responsibility, and the captain sentences him to be lashed with the cat o'nine tails. Jens protests, saying that whipping Haakon would be an effective death penalty, to which Howell orders that Jens will administer the punishment to Haakon instead of Howell. However, the court martial is interrupted by a terrible storm that damages the mainmast, then sinks the ship. Haakon manages to rescue Mary from the brig but in the confusion is separated from the crew and wakes alone up on a deserted tropical island.
After searching the island, Haakon discovers treasure as well as wanted posters for an English pirate named Merrick (Gabriel Byrne), who looks identical to Howell. (In the first scene of the film, the real Howell was murdered by Merrick, who then stole the identity as a doppelganger). Haakon discovers that the suspicious shipmates (i.e. the new batch of abusive shipmates who were brought on after Merrick's captaincy) are really pirates, who stored the treasure during a hot pursuit from naval forces, and will soon return to the island to extract their loot.
Following a self-training with a sword and gun, Haakon manages to use a horn when a gorilla attacks. This makes the gorilla docile, who then starts to befriend Haakon, behaving like a pet. Haakon devises a set of booby traps anticipating that the pirates will soon return for their treasure. Although Haakon adjusts to the island, he misses Jens, and more so his family back in Norway. One day, Haakon sees smoke from a distant island and tries various attempts to get there on a raft of his own.
Upon successfully arriving there, he finds a village of natives doing a night dance. Haakon encounters Mary in the middle of an altercation with several of the natives. Misinterpreting the situation, Haakon reveals himself and frightens the natives with a gunshot until he backs into Jens, who explains that the natives are peaceful and saved his and Mary's lives. The reunited trio happily depart for Haakon's island the next day.
Shortly thereafter, the three friends witness the arrival of the pirates along with Berg and Steine (Knut Walle and Harald Brenna), two of Jens' friends who survived the sinking ship and are being held prisoner. After Haakon's traps fail to work, he quickly devises a plan to save their friends. At night, Mary sneaks aboard the ship and frees the remaining crew who manage to overpower their pirate guards and retake the ship. Meanwhile, on land, Haakon and Jens manage to distract the pirates long enough to free Berg and Steine and narrowly make it back to the ship, stranding the pirates on the island. Haakon, Jens, Mary and the liberated crew return to their native Norway. Each man keeps a small share of the treasure, with Haakon deciding to use his share to get his impoverished family out of debt.
Back home in Norway, Haakon reunites with his family and introduces them to Mary. His parents agree to take her in until she can reestablish contact with her own relatives.
Cast of characters
Haakon Haakonson (Stian Smestad) - A Norwegian youth who signs on as cabin boy aboard a ship whose captain is his father's close friend. At first he is shy and timid from years of being teased and picked on because he is poor, but after being stranded alone on the island and forced to survive, he becomes more confident.
John Merrick (Gabriel Byrne) - The pirate captain who poses as a member of the English military, he eventually takes over the ship Haakon is on after the original captain mysteriously dies and proceeds to make life difficult for everyone.
Jens (Trond Peter Stamsø Munch) - The family friend of Haakon's family and a sailor. He sailed with Haakon's father and considers himself Haakon's guardian on the ship after promising Haakon's father to look out for him.
Mary (Louisa Milwood-Haigh) - A young stowaway searching for her uncle in Calcutta. She escaped from a workhouse in Australia, where she was placed after the death of her parents.
Berg (Knut Walle) - One of Jens' shipmates.
Steine (Harald Brenna) - One of Jens' shipmates.
The Captain (Kjell Stormoen)
ship Le Français (formerly the Kaskelot,)
Production
The original 1873 Norwegian novel, aimed at young readers, was inspired by another adventure classic, Daniel Defoe's 1719 novel Robinson Crusoe.
The film was shot on location in Fiji, Norway, Spain and the United Kingdom in July to October 1989.
In the original version of the film, the Norwegian characters speaks Norwegian to each other and English to English characters, while the English characters speaks English only. In the international version, all lines in Norwegian are dubbed over in English, in most cases by the Norwegian actors themselves.
Reception
The film received favorable reviews as a well-made adventure movie for all ages.
It grossed $15.1 million in the United States and Canada and $1.3 million in Norway.
Awards
Shipwrecked was nominated for three Young Artist Awards in 1992:
Best Family Motion Picture — Drama
Best Young Actor Starring in a Motion Picture — Stian Smestad
Best Young Actress Co-starring in a Motion Picture — Louisa Haigh
References
External links
Commonsensemedia.com review of Shipwrecked
Pirate films
1990 films
1990s children's adventure films
Walt Disney Pictures films
Norwegian adventure films
Norwegian-language films
English-language Norwegian films
Films directed by Nils Gaup
Films set in the 1850s
Films set in 1859
Films set in Norway
Films set in England
Films shot in Fiji
Films shot in Norway
Films shot in England
Films shot in Spain
Films based on Norwegian novels
Films scored by Patrick Doyle
Films based on Robinson Crusoe
Seafaring films
1990s English-language films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipwrecked%20%281990%20film%29 |
Talleres Station () is a terminal station on Line 1 of the Monterrey Metro. It is located on Ave. Solidaridad and Esquisto St. in the San Bernabé VI neighborhood in Monterrey, Mexico.
This station is named after the Metrorrey maintenance shops (talleres) that are located right after the station, and its logo represents a train during maintenance.
Although this part of Line 1 was operational from the start, the original terminal of Line 1 was San Bernabé station. At that time the line from San Bernabé to Talleres was only used to get trains to the shops. It was not until June 11, 2003, that this portion of the line was opened for passenger service and Talleres became a station.
Unlike the rest of the stations in Line 1 of the Monterrey Metro, Talleres is accessed at ground level.
Transmetro connections
References
Metrorrey stations
Railway stations opened in 2003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talleres%20metro%20station |
Fuzzy is the debut studio album by American rock band Grant Lee Buffalo, released in 1993 by Slash Records. According to the band's website, "Fuzzy would galvanize the sound of Grant Lee Buffalo, i.e., the acoustic feedback howl of overdriven 12-string guitars, melodic distorto-bass, tribal drum bombast, the old world churn of pump organs and parlor pianos."
R.E.M.'s Michael Stipe praised Fuzzy as "the best album of the year hands down". Noel Gallagher of English rock band Oasis revealed in 2022 that the title track was an influence on the band's 1995 hit "Some Might Say".
Track listing
Personnel
Grant Lee Phillips – electric and acoustic guitars, vocals
Paul Kimble – bass, vocals, piano, keyboards
Joey Peters – drums, percussion
Charts
References
External links
Grant Lee Buffalo official website album page
[ Allmusic album main page]
MP3.com album main page
1993 debut albums
Grant Lee Buffalo albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy%20%28album%29 |
Charley's War was a British comic strip about the First World War, written by Pat Mills and drawn by Joe Colquhoun.
It was originally published in Battle Picture Weekly from January 1979 to October 1986.
Though later parts of the story covered the Russian Civil War (and, in episodes written by Scott Goodall, the early part of the Second World War), Pat Mills has stated that Charley's story should end at the end of the First World War, and this has been reflected in the collections published by Titan Comics.
Publishing history
Described by Andrew Harrison as "the greatest British comic strip ever created", Charley's War tells the story of an underage British soldier called Charley Bourne. Charley joins the British Army during World War I at the age of 16, having lied about his age and told the recruiting officers that he was 18 (they conveniently overlook the fact that Charley gives his date of birth on his application form as 1900), and is quickly thrust into the Battle of the Somme.
The strip follows Charley's life in the trenches and his experiences during the war. Colquhoun put a meticulous level of research into the already well-researched scripts which Mills provided. The strip rarely flinched from providing an extremely frank portrayal of the horrors of war, so much so that in some later reprintings some of the artwork was censored. Mills added a political slant in the strip not seen in British war comics and avoided the standard heroics common in war comics generally.
In addition to depicting Charley's own experiences of the war, the comic took the risk of going off on several tangents, temporarily shifting the focus to characters in different locations and time periods. The first and most successful tangent was the story of 'Blue', a British soldier in the French Foreign Legion who fought with them at Verdun in 1916 before deserting and making his way back to England (where he meets Charley). Another diversion was when the storyline turned to Charley's younger brother Wilf and his experiences as an observer/gunner in the Royal Flying Corps in early 1918. The final and least successful tangent was the story of Charley's cousin Jack Bourne, a sailor in the Royal Navy and the story of his ship HMS Kent and its participation in the Battle of the Falklands in 1914. Unlike the previous diversions, this new change of setting received poor feedback from readers and the editor of Battle ordered Mills to return the storyline to Charley in the trenches, much to Mills' disappointment who had originally planned to continue Jack's story on into the Battle of Jutland in 1916.
The strip followed Charley through to the end of the war and through into the invasion of Russia in 1919. However, in January 1985, Mills quit the strip before being able to complete the story (he intended the story to end in 1933, with Charley on the dole as Hitler is made Chancellor of Germany) due to a dispute over his research budget.
Mills was replaced by Scott Goodall and the story was moved to the Second World War and became a more conventional war adventure strip. However, the series ended in the early part of the Second World War after Charley is one of the lucky ones successfully evacuated from Dunkirk (along with his son), realising he is too old for soldiering any more. The story ends with him wondering how he came to become a soldier in the first place, leading into a re-run of the strip within Battle Picture Weekly until that comic folded.
In reality, the ending of Charley's War was down to the poor health of Joe Colquhoun, which had already caused the strip to be delayed several weeks. Out of respect for Joe, there was no question of getting another artist to take over production, and it was felt best to simply draw it to a close.
In 1988, Battle was folded into Eagle, which also began reprinting Charley's War, which became one of the mainstays of the title. By 1990, the storyline had reached 1917 and Charley's time as a stretcher bearer, but with the comic about to be revamped and most of the strips about to be dropped, the title skipped ahead to the conclusion of the First World War and the end of Charley's conflict with Captain Snell in order to give it some conclusion.
Episodes of Charley's War were reprinted in the Judge Dredd Megazine (#211–244, in 2003–2006). The First World War episodes were collected in ten graphic novels by Titan Books between 2004 and 2013. Rebellion's Treasury of British Comics imprint began a new series of graphic novels in 2018.
Charley's War was featured in "Boys and Girls", the second programme of Comics Britannia on BBC Four.
Charley's War was the subject of a display dispersed around the Musée de la Grande Guerre du Pays de Meaux in France (from 16 October 2014 to 4 January 2015).
Plot summary
June–December 1916. Sixteen-year-old Charley Bourne from East End of London enlists in the British Army. He arrives on the Western Front in France shortly before the beginning of the Battle of the Somme. His platoon is commanded by Lt Thomas and Sgt 'Ole Bill' Tozer and private Ginger Jones becomes Charley's best mate. Participates in the opening day of the Somme on 1 July. The platoon suffers heavy losses. Charley witnesses the last British Cavalry charge and takes part in the combat debut of the new Tanks. Guilt-strickened veteran Lonely sacrifices himself to expose the location of a German ambush. Lt Thomas saves the platoon by withdrawing without orders and he is arrested and executed for cowardice. Charley and Weeper Watkins endure harsh field punishment for refusing to join Thomas' firing squad. Ginger is killed by a random shell. Oiley Oliver arrives but does not last long, escaping via a self-inflicted injury. The German 'Judgement Troopers' led by the ruthless Colonel Zeiss stage a counter-attack, penetrating deep into the British lines and nearly wiping out Charley's platoon but their success is halted by the German high command's refusal to give Zeiss reinforcements. Charley is wounded by a stray shell.
January–March 1917. Charley recuperates in hospital and has a spell of leave in London. Discovers Oiley's criminal activities. Charley rescues his mother from a munitions factory during a Zeppelin raid. Encounters deserter Blue and aids his escape after the latter tells him of his experiences with the French Foreign Legion at the Battle of Verdun.
April–May 1917. Charley returns to the Western Front where Cpt Snell (who he encountered as a lieutenant during the Somme) is now his commander. Snell is a ruthless leader who does not care about the welfare of his men. Charley becomes Snell's batman for a short period. A burly veteran Grogan bullies a bookwormish newcomer Scholar and other conscripts. Charley intervenes and he and Grogan eventually fight but the latter is accidentally killed when a discarded shell he picked up to throw at Charley turns out to be live and explodes in his hand. Weeper is wounded and later deserts. During a march to the rear in fierce heat, Sgt Tozer passes out with exhaustion and Snell demotes him to private.
June–July 1917. Snell volunteers the platoon to become miners to plant underground explosives under the German trenches. One of the men, Budgie, is a conscientious objector and Charley defends him from abuse by others. Charley and several of his comrades narrowly survive a cave-in and they break into and destroy a German tunnel. An increasingly pompous Scholar wrangles a transfer away to officer training and Charley begins to regret having helped him. The huge mine that the platoon has set beneath the German lines fails to detonate and an enraged Snell accuses Budgie of sabotage and shoots him dead. Charley follows Snell into the tunnels, intending to kill the latter but another soldier with the same plan gets there before him. In the shootout that follows, Snell is struck in the head by a ricochet and sent away in a coma.
August–September 1917. Charley's unit takes part in the Battle of Third Ypres. Charley finds and rescues his wounded brother Wilf who has joined up under-age by assuming the identity of a deserter (in a scheme arranged by Oiley). The unit is sent to the training camp at Etaples to prepare for the next great offensive. The harsh and cruelly strict conditions enrage the veteran, war-weary soldiers, eventually igniting the Etaples Mutiny. Charley encounters Blue who is posing as a British officer whilst smuggling food to his gang of deserters hiding in nearby woods. Tozer is remade a Sergeant. Weeper who had been arrested for desertion is freed during the mutiny but is killed whilst saving Charley from a knife attack by another deserter. The mutiny is a success, improving conditions at the camp but Charley is then returned to the trenches.
October–December 1917. The muddy hell of Passchendaele. Sickened by the slaughter, Charley volunteers to be a stretcher-bearer, a duty he performs bravely but he is falsely accused of looting the dead and sacked. A massive British tank attack breaks the German line at Cambrai but the offensive is halted due to in-decision by the British commanders. Scholar returns from officer training. Charley is detailed to become a sniper and the platoon occupies a sector opposite the unit of Corporal Adolf Hitler. Charley and Hitler fight hand-to-hand during a trench raid, nearly killing each other. The two sides enjoy a Christmas truce but Hitler stays in his dugout, refusing to take part.
January–February 1918. Wilf has transferred to the RFC and is now an observer/gunner in a Bristol F2B squadron. He shoots down several German planes but narrowly avoids death when he is shot down and his pilot Captain Morgan is killed. Back in the trenches, Charley accidentally shoots himself in the foot and is accused of cowardice by the Scholar. Whilst in hospital he meets a nurse Kate and after a frosty start, the former realises Charley is no coward and the two begin a romantic relationship. A written statement from a dying officer saves Charley from a conviction and he and Kate go on leave in London. Snell, rendered psychotic by his head wound, attempts to murder Charley and Kate.
March–June 1918. Charley marries Kate. Whilst on their honeymoon, they receive the news that Wilf is dead, having been shot down after bringing down a German Zeppelin heavy bomber over London. Charley's cousin Jack, a sailor in the Royal Navy, tells of his experiences at the Battle of the Falklands in 1914. Charley, now a Lance-Corporal, returns to the Front, just in time for the massive and sudden German spring offensive. The German Stormtroopers attack Charley's sector and Scholar is set ablaze by a flame-thrower. Charley cannot bring himself to put the dying Scholar out of his agony but the deed is performed by newcomer Skin. Charley rallies a rag-tag group of stragglers and looters to mount a last-ditch defence of the town of Albert. Skin is seen talking to a German soldier who is revealed to be his brother but not before the latter is fatally shot by another Briton. During a battle against the new German tanks, Charley meets Snell, who has managed to secure a transfer back to the fighting, despite being virtually insane. Charley is promoted to full Corporal. Snell murders an African-American Doughboy named 'Pig-Iron' that Charley has befriended and then later kills a British officer who witnessed the earlier crime.
July–November 1918. After a battle against German commandoes, Charley is captured and sent to a POW camp where he meets his cousin Jack. After three attempts, the pair escape and Charley rejoins his unit. The platoon advances towards Germany during the final weeks of the war, taking part in the crossing of the St. Quentin Canal. Skin is shot dead by Snell after the former protests at the latter's execution of German prisoners. On 11 November, the final day of the war, Snell is determined to have the symbolic honour of reaching Mons, pointlessly expending his men's lives. After the platoon is wiped out only minutes before the 11am ceasefire, Snell and Charley have a final showdown. Snell is about to kill Charley but the former is drenched by an acid-sprayer wielded by a surviving German. Ignoring Snell's pleas to be put of his misery, Charley walks away leaving his nemesis to die slowly. Snell's final action had been to 'volunteer' Charley to join the British Expeditionary Force to the Russian Civil War.
January–October 1919. Charley and Bill Tozer head to Russia where they fight alongside the 'Whites' - pro-Monarchist Russians - against the Bolshevik Reds who are defending their Revolution, with Tozer serving as company sergeant major. Charley soon becomes disillusioned at the incompetence and cowardice amongst the Whites, some of whom change sides and join the Reds. Charley prevents rogue Bolshevik Colonel Spirodonov from capturing a White armoured train loaded with refugees and royal gold.
1933. The Great Depression and Charley is on the dole. News arrives that Adolf Hitler has seized power in Germany. At this point, writer Pat Mills ceased work on the comic and was replaced by Scott Goodall.
September 1939 – June 1940. Charley reluctantly enlists in the British Army again after learning his son Len has joined up. Joins the BEF in France and participates in the heavy fighting against the German Blitzkrieg and in the long and confused retreat to Dunkirk. Back in England, Ole Bill has joined the Home Guard. Charley's wife Kate is falsely arrested for black-marketeering as, unbeknown to her, Oiley has been stashing stolen goods in her home. Oiley tries to have Bill murdered but the attempt fails and Bill beats Oiley into confessing, freeing Kate from prison. Back in France, Charley finds his shell-shocked son Len at Dunkirk and they escape back to Britain together. Charley decides he has had enough of war.
Major characters
Charley Bourne
The central character and hero of the series. A working-class London lad from a close-knit family, he enlists in the British Army in 1916, age sixteen and arrives in the trenches on the Western Front shortly before the start of the Somme Campaign. Naive and not too bright, Bourne nonetheless gets much hard-earned worldly wisdom as he experiences and survives the horrors of the Great War for the next three years and beyond. Exceptionally brave, loyal to his comrades and quick to defend those who are suffering bullying or injustice, Bourne makes friends and enemies in equal numbers. His fundamental decency and conscientious sense of duty are sometimes at odds with his anger at the many injustices of military life and his growing disillusionment over the conduct of the war.
Sergeant 'Ole Bill' Tozer
The veteran Platoon-Sgt, Ole Bill is one of the very few who makes it all the way through the war with Bourne, more or less in one piece. An old pre-war Regular soldier, he was one of the BEF's 'Old Contemptibles' who fought at Mons in August 1914. Burly, loud, fond of a drink and seemingly indestructable, Bill's roaring voice and courage help Charley and his fellows out of trouble time and time again.
Ginger Jones
Charley's best pal on the Somme in 1916. Never a natural-born soldier and always the first to complain, Ginger makes up for his lack of enthusiasm with his sense of humour and cunning. Despite himself, he survives numerous tight-spots alongside Charley in 1916.
Lieutenant Thomas
Charley's first platoon commander and easily the best officer he serves under during the war. Public-schooled but enlightened, brave but never blood-thirsty, Thomas is a decent man who represents the best of his class.
Lieutenant (later Captain) D'Arcy Snell
A vicious, pompous and war-loving officer, Snell treats the war as a marvellous sport and his men as expendable examples of the lower classes who must be kept in their place. Snell becomes Charley's platoon commander after the death of Thomas and he remains Charley's ultimate nemesis.
Lonely
A traumatised veteran who was the sole survivor of his platoon when it was wiped out in 1915 due to a recklessly cruel act by Lt Snell. Wracked by guilt, he confides in Charley the truth of what happened.
Blue
A British deserter from the French Foreign Legion, Blue fled to England after surviving the hellish Battle of Verdun in 1916 in which most of his fellow Legionaries were slaughtered. Charley reluctantly helps Blue to avoid capture whilst in Britain and later encounters him again during the infamous Etaples Mutiny in 1917. Despite his misgivings over Blue's desertion, Charley cannot help but feel a kinship with him due to their common resentment of the military hierarchy and Charley's realisation that, with less fortunate circumstances, he could have easily ended up the same way.
Weeper Watkins
Injured by poison gas that left his tear-ducts constantly running, Weeper is a cheeky rebel who hates the war and despises the army and he suffers badly for his insubordination. He eventually deserts but is recaptured in 1917.
Ernie Stubbs
A short soldier who is one of the officers' servants during Charley's time as Snell's batman. He once served in the Bantams until his regiments was disbanded because of heavy casualties. Captured during a raid on the trench, he is killed by Adolf Hitler with a grenade when he tries to escape.
The Scholar
Joining Charley's platoon as a young private after the Somme, the Scholar, a gentle and timid book-worm, is bullied viciously by a burly veteran named Grogan. Charley steps in to help, leading to a fight in which Grogan is accidentally killed. The Scholar soon turns out to be a two-faced cunning snob who wrangles a transfer to officer training and he later returns as the platoon commander who thinly conceals his fear behind his pomposity and petty resentment of Charley.
Earwig
A one-time crony of Grogan's and the regiment's barber. He holds a grudge against Charley for his role in Grogan's death and they often clash. He dies at the Third Battle of Ypres, after taking shelter in a shell hole full of mustard gas.
Budgie
A conscientious objector who has been forced into the army through torture and intimidation and works as a miner alongside Charley in 1917 employed to lay explosive mines beneath the German lines. Budgie has sworn never to kill a fellow human being.
Sadders
A terminally pessimistic soldier with a morbid fear of being gassed. He becomes one of Charley's regular companions during Etaples and Passchendaele. He is later killed by a sniper.
Wilfred Bourne
Charley's younger brother, 'Wilf' enters the army under-age by assuming the identity of a deserter. Injured on the Western Front in 1917, Wilf transfers to the Royal Flying Corps and serves as an observer/gunner in a two-seater Bristol squadron.
Captain Morgan
Wilf's pilot and commander whose previous three observers have all been killed. Morgan is a tough, hard-bitten pilot who has no tolerance for shirkers nor for the chivalrous pretensions of his fellow officers.
Jack Bourne
Charley's cousin and a sailor in the Royal Navy who fought at the Battle of the Falklands in 1914. He and Charley meet each other in a German POW camp in 1918.
Oiley Oliver
Charley's brother-in-law, he arrives at the front as a private during the Somme Campaign and soon proves to be a snivelling coward. Escaping from the war with a self-inflicted injury, he returns to London to become a con-man, black marketeer and stand-over merchant.
Smith 70 and Young Albert
Smith is the eccentric and cheerful machine-gunner who regards his work as both a science and an art-form and Albert is his injury-prone but uncomplaining loader.
Dr No
British Army doctor who treats wounded troops at a forward aid station. Known for his cold and callous attitudes towards the suffering of injured soldiers, refusing to allow even badly injured men to be sent to the rear, often dispensing the dreaded 'Number 9' pill, a strong laxative intended to 'cure' all ailments. Charley initially despises him but he later learns of the horrific conditions and immense pressures that the exhausted doctor works under.
Kate
A young nurse who lost her fiance at Gallipoli in 1915 and who tends to Charley when he is hospitalised in early 1918 with an accidental self-inflicted wound. After a tense beginning, the relationship blossoms into romance and the pair eventually marry and after the war have a son, Len.
Skin Skorczyk
British soldier whose parents were born in German-ruled Silesia and whose brother is in the German army.
Corporal Pig-Iron
An African-American Doughboy of the 'Harlem's Hell-fighters'.
Colonel Ziess
Tough, brave and ruthless German officer who commands the veteran 'Judgement Troopers' and launches a deadly counter-attack on the Somme against the sector where Charley's platoon is located. Having risen from humble origins, Ziess despises his more aristocratic peers and instead believes in the modern ideas of war - 'total' war to be waged without mercy.
Corporal Adolf Hitler
In December 1917, Charley's unit is located in the sector opposite the regiment of the young Hitler who appears here as a short-tempered, idealistic, selfishly brave and somewhat pompous soldier who is tolerated, rather than liked, by his comrades.
Unteroffizier 'Guts' Guttenheim
Sadistic German officer who runs the POW camp that Charley and Jack are confined in during the summer of 1918.
Warrior
A British army horse that Charley, who grew up working with horses, saves the life of in 1916 and encounters several times during the rest of the war, the two sharing a certain bond.
Colonel Spirodonov
Bolshevik officer in the Russian Civil War. A former soldier in the Czar's army, he suffered brutally in a penal battalion forced to build the so-called 'Death Railway' in Murmansk. Knowing the railway was commissioned and paid for by the British government, he has vowed revenge on all Englishmen.
Len Bourne
Charley and Kate's son, who after a row with his parents joins the British Army. At one point Charley believes Len to have been killed only for them to reunite outside Dunkirk, although Len has severe shell shock and nearly causes the death of his father.
Joe 'Wattsie' Watts
A former jockey and member of Charley's section in France, 1940. Wattsie and Charley become best friends and manage to escape to the Dunkirk perimeter before Wattsie is seriously wounded.
Sergeant Bert 'Ol Nick' Nickles
Charley's Platoon Sergeant in the B.E.F. and nemesis. Nickles, who is vicious and nasty, resents Charley's experience from the Great War. 'Ol Nick becomes more and more sadistic until he meets his match in Major Klaus Rimmer, also known as Atilla the Hun.
Archie Bentall and Cyril 'Handy' Hordle
Cut off from their unit like Charley and Wattsie, they join up and escape the attacking German Army in a Bren Carrier they find in a barn. The four have various adventures during the retreat from Belgium until Wattsie is crippled by Panzer fire, and later Handy is killed and Charley wounded by German sniper Heinrich Horst.
Collected editions
Titan Books released the bulk of Pat Mills' run of Charley's War in 112-page hardcover anthologies.
Ten collections were published between 2004 and 2013. These collected editions finish at the end of the First World War. They do not contain the later Charley's War comics, not written by Pat Mills, where Charley takes part in the Second World War.
Charley's War:
2 June – 1 August 1916 (collects episodes 1–29, November 2004, )
1 August – 17 October 1916 (collects episodes 30–59, November 2005, )
17 October 1916 – 21 February 1917 (collects episodes 60–83, October 2006, )
Blue's Story (October 2007, )
Return to the Front (October 2008, )
Underground and Over the Top (October 2009, )
The Great Mutiny (November 2010, )
Hitler's Youth (October 2011, )
Death from Above (October 2012, )
The End (October 2013, )
An omnibus edition of the first three volumes was published in paperback by Titan in 2014:
Charley's War: A Boy Soldier in the Great War (Collects episodes 1-87, August 2014, ) - an omnibus edition containing the strips from the first three volumes above plus the first few strips from volume IV. This volume was reprinted in November 2014 as Charley's War: A Working Man's Journey into War.
In 2018 Rebellion began another series of Charley's War reprints in its Treasury of British Comics imprint. These paperback volumes included colour spreads from the comic for the first time in an English printing since it ran in Battle. Called The Definitive Collection it collected the Great War strip in three volumes:
The Boy Soldier (April 2018, )
Brothers in Arms (May 2018, )
Remembrance (June 2018, )
Awards
2006: Nominated for "Favourite Reprint Compilation" Eagle Award
References
External links
Charley's War, site run with the approval of the copyright holders, Egmont Publishing, by John Freeman, editor of some of the Titan reprints. Currently directs to a "micro site" within the British comics web site downthetubes.net.
Charley's War and Battle Picture Weekly at BritishComics.com
Interviews
BBC Interview with Pat Mills , BBC Cult, 24 November 2004
Pat Mills talk at The Comic Museum recorded by Geek Syndicate, 29 November 2008
Pat Mills The General in Charley's War, Comicon.com, 9 December 2008
1979 comics debuts
1986 comics endings
Fiction set in 1916
Fiction set in 1917
Fiction set in 1918
Fiction set in 1919
Fiction set in 1933
Fiction set in 1939
Fiction set in 1940
British comic strips
Drama comics
Comics set during World War I
Comics set during World War II
Defunct British comics
Comics by Pat Mills
Works about the British Army
Works about the Russian Civil War
Works set during the Great Depression
Battle Picture Weekly comic strips | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charley%27s%20War |
Antonio Vandini (1691 – 1778), a close friend of Giuseppe Tartini, was a cellist and composer. He was one of the foremost virtuoso performers of his era and spent the vast majority of his career as the first violoncellist of the ″Veneranda Arca″ at the Basilica del Santo in Padua, where Tartini was first violinist and concertmaster. Upon the death of Tartini, he returned to Bologna, the city of his birth, where he died in 1778.
Career
Vandini was born in 1691 in Bologna, though next to nothing is known about his early life or musical training. His first documented playing position is at the church of Santa Maria Maggiore in Bergamo which he obtained in April of 1720. Concurrently he was also Maestro di violoncello at the Ospedale della Pietà in Venice. During this period he was almost certainly performing extensively throughout northern Italy. In June of 1721 he obtained the solo cello position in Padua which he would hold, with a few short hiatuses, for the rest of his career. In Padua he worked with a number of other notable musicians in addition to Tartini, including the Oboist Matteo Bissoli and the organist and Maestro di capella Antonio Vallotti. The principal players of the Veneranda Arca toured Italy regularly, making documented appearances in Assisi and Rome. His only prolonged absence was a three year period from 1723 to 1726 where Vandini, along with Tartini, left Padua to join the service of Count Kinsky in Prague.
Playing Style
The English traveler and musical critic Charles Burney attended a mass at the Basilica in Padua in 1770. He wrote the following about the orchestra there and Vandini in particular:
″I wanted much to hear [...] the famous old Antonio Vandini, on the violoncello, who, the Italians say, plays and expresses a parlare, that is, in such a manner as to
make his instrument speak; but neither of these performers had solo parts. However, I give them credit for great abilities, as they are highly extolled by their countrymen, who must, by the
frequent hearing of excellent performers of all kinds, insensibly become good judges of musical merit. [...] It was remarkable that Antonio [Vandini], and all the other violoncello players here, hold the bow in the old-fashioned way, with the hand under it.”
Through Burney's anonymous informers it is clear that Vandini was well known for his expressive, rhetorical playing that evoked speech. By examining his seven surviving works and the concertos written for him by Tartini it is clear that he had formidable technical ability, being one of the first composers to write music requiring the use of thumb position.
Works
Vandini has seven surviving works, all of which are preserved in manuscript copies throughout Europe, namely in Venice, Berlin, Paris, and Schwerin. All of these pieces are written in the galant style, popular in Italy in the eighteenth century. Notably, the two short sonatas attributed to Vandini by Carl Schroeder in 1911 and published by Schott are completely spurious and do not represent his style.
A full list of his works is below with the catalogue numbers proposed by Elinor Frey and Marc Vanscheeuwijk.
Sonata à Violoncello solo del Signor D. Antonio Vandini, in C Major (1717, I-Vnm, Mss. It.IV.1095) (Van. 1)
Sonata del Signor D. Antonio Vandini, in C Major (D-B, KHM 5528) (Van. 2)
[Sonata] Del Signor D. Antonio Vandini, in B-flat Major (1730, F-Pn, VM7-6285) (Van. 3)
[Sonata] Del Signor D. Antonio Vandini, in A Minor (1730, F-Pn, VM7-6285) (Van. 4)
Concerto del Signor D. Antonio Vandini, in D Major (D-SWI Mus. 4736/4) (Van.5)
Sonata à Violoncello Del Signor D. Antonio Vandini, in B-flat Major (D-B, KHM 5527) (Van. 6)
Sonata a Violoncello e Basso del Signor D. Antonio Vandini, in E Major (D-B, KHM 5529) (Van. 7)
Notes
References
External links
Marc Vanscheeuwijck: In Search of the Eighteenth-Century “Violoncello”: Antonio Vandini and the Concertos for Viola by Tartini Claremont Graduate University, 2008.
Wilhelm Joself v Wasiliewski, "Cello playing in 18th-century Italy"
"Ut Orpheus edition of the sonatas"
"Musedita edition of the concerto"
18th-century Italian composers
Italian male composers
Italian Baroque composers
1691 births
1778 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Vandini |
Graham Laurence Shaw (9 July 1934 – 12 May 1998) was an English professional footballer who played as a left-back. He notably represented Sheffield United between 1951 and 1967.
Career
Born in Sheffield, Shaw was developed by local amateur side Oaks Fold, after having played for Sheffield Schoolboys at half-back. He signed a professional contract with Sheffield United in 1951, at the age of seventeen and made his debut for the Blades against fierce rivals Sheffield Wednesday at Hillsborough on 5 January 1952 before a crowd of 65,384; United won the match 3–1.
Shaw would make in excess of 400 appearances for United over the following sixteen years; however, he found first-team opportunities limited after 1965, and in 1967 moved to Doncaster Rovers. He stayed at Doncaster for one season before joining Scarborough as their player-manager. Shaw managed Scarborough for one season, leaving the club in 1969.
Shaw died in 1998. He was the elder brother of Bernard Shaw, the Sheffield United, Wolves, and Sheffield Wednesday full back. He was not related to Joe Shaw, a long-time Sheffield United and England defensive colleague.
International career
At international level, Shaw won five caps for the England national side. His first cap came against the U.S.S.R. at Wembley on 22 October 1958, in a match England won 5–0. He made his last appearance for his country in 1962.
Playing style
Shaw was known as 'a calm, stylish player, who had pace and tackled well and could place his clearances'.
References
External links
1934 births
1998 deaths
England men's international footballers
England men's under-23 international footballers
English men's footballers
Scarborough F.C. managers
Sheffield United F.C. players
Footballers from Sheffield
English Football League players
English Football League representative players
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
English football managers
Scarborough F.C. players
Men's association football defenders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Shaw%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201934%29 |
Holy Soldier was a Christian glam metal band from Los Angeles formed in 1985.
Background
The band was originally formed in early 1985 by bassist Andy Robbins and guitarist Jamie Cramer. The band gained a strong local following before signing to A&M Records in 1989. Holy Soldier was initially noted for their strong evangelical focus, although they regularly played to mainstream audiences. For a time they held one of the largest attendance records at Gazzarri's, a notable nightclub in the Hollywood circuit. In 1989 they signed to Myrrh Records, an imprint of Word/A&M, as that label's first Hard Rock act. Their self-titled debut, produced by David Zaffiro, was released in 1990 to critical acclaim and moderate commercial success. The band garnered two Dove Awards in 1991, in the hard rock song and album of the year categories. After heavy touring the band lost two members – lead vocalist Steven Patrick, and guitarist Michael Cutting.
The band replaced the members with Eric Wayne and Scott Soderstrom while continuing to tour. Wayne exited when Steven Patrick returned in 1991, but would again rejoin the group in 1995. Two years later, the band followed up their debut with Last Train. While praised, it was not a commercial success. Although Last Train charted, peaking at the No. 10 slot on Billboard's CCM chart, the album did not meet the sales expectations of the label, and the band was dropped from their roster. A review in CCM magazine found that although the band's sound had progressed, their lyrics had shifted from evangelicalism to a more ambiguous tone. Additionally, the band was criticized by some in Christian music for attempting to be a "crossover success" into the general market.
The band experienced personnel changes when Steven Patrick again departed. The band again replaced Patrick with Seattle-based vocalist Eric Wayne, who helped move the band into the current grunge sound seen in the marketplace. Wayne's lower vocal register caused Holy Soldier to be compared in the alternative hard rock and grunge market with the likes of Pearl Jam, Stone Temple Pilots, Temple of the Dog, and Soundgarden. After Holy Soldier's reinvention and extensive touring, the band was signed to ForeFront Records in 1994. Once again recruiting the production skills of producer David Zaffiro, Holy Soldier released Promise Man in 1995. Promise Man returned the band to critical acclaim within Christian music circuit, again winning the band Dove Awards for in the hard rock song (for title track Promise Man) and album of the year categories. Despite the success of Promise Man, Holy Soldier was unhappy with the lack of support they received from their record label ForeFront Records and the band requested to be let out of their contract with their label. In 1997, after a short hiatus, bassist Andy Robbins independently produced on his own boutique label (Spaceport Records) a live retrospective album featuring both current frontman Eric Wayne and original vocalist Steven Patrick. After the release of Encore, Holy Soldier officially disbanded.
In 2005, the original Holy Soldier lineup reunited in August for a benefit concert and possible studio album follow-up. But again, Steven Patrick's reunion with his former band members was extremely brief. Suddenly without its original lead vocalist for a third time, Holy Soldier recruited original drummer Terry Russell's brother, Don, to replace Patrick to perform for a string of festival dates in mid-2006.
Members
Final lineup
Andy Robbins – bass, guitar, backing vocals (1985–1997, 2005–2006)
Michael Cutting – guitar, mandolin, backing vocals (1985–1991, 1993–1997, 2005–2006)
Jamie Cramer – guitar, backing vocals (1985–1992, 2005–2006)
Terry "Animal" Russell – drums, backing vocals (1985–1995, 2005–2006)
Don Russell – lead vocals (2005–2006)
Former
Robbie Brauns – lead vocals (1985–1987)
Steven Patrick – lead vocals, acoustic guitar (1988–1990, 1991–1992, 1997, 2005–2006)
Eric Wayne – lead vocals (1990, 1993–1997)
Larry Farkas – guitar (1985)
Scott Soderstrom – guitar (1991–1997)
Chris Hyde – drums (1985)
Jason Martin – drums (1995–1997)
Andy Robbins (the Andy Robbins from Skin is not the same person as in Holy Soldier. Robbins was baptized by Pat Boone at Boone's swimming pool at his home in Beverly Hills.)
Discography
Studio albums
1990 – Holy Soldier (Myrrh Records / A&M Records, produced by David Zaffiro)
1992 – Last Train (Myrrh Records, produced by David Zaffiro)
1995 – Promise Man (ForeFront / EMI Records, produced by David Zaffiro)
Live albums
1997 – Encore (Spaceport Records, produced by Andy Robbins, Michael Cutting & David Zaffiro, February 8, 1997 @ Rocketown, Nashville, Tennessee)
DVDs
2006 – Live, Rare and Raw (Roxx Productions/Spaceport Records)
References
External links
gray dot profile
1985 establishments in California
American Christian metal musical groups
Christian rock groups from California
Musical groups disestablished in 1997
Musical groups established in 1985
Musical groups from Los Angeles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy%20Soldier |
Tyrone is a ghost town located in Grant County, New Mexico, United States, in the southwestern part of the state.
Description
Tyrone was an elaborately planned community financed by the Phelps Dodge Corporation, based on Mediterranean and European styles, designed by well-known architect Bertram Goodhue and built in 1915 at a cost of more than a million dollars. A drop in copper prices in 1921 closed the mines and the town was deserted. The townsite was later destroyed as part of Phelps Dodge's development of the Tyrone open-pit copper mine, which began operation in 1969.
See also
List of ghost towns in New Mexico
References
Bibliography
Haggard, C.J., "Reading the landscape: Phelps Dodge's Tyrone, New Mexico, in time and space {mining company town}," Journal of the West. 35:4, 29–39.
External links
Tyrone ghost town page, with photographs
Tyrone Mine at Freeport-McMoRan
Geology of Tyrone Mine
Ghost towns in New Mexico
History of Grant County, New Mexico
Geography of Grant County, New Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrone%20%28ghost%20town%29%2C%20New%20Mexico |
Sphinctour is a live CD/DVD/VHS release by the industrial metal band Ministry released in 2002. It contains various tracks recorded on their 1996 world tour in support of the album Filth Pig. The album title is a play on the word sphincter.
Track listing
Track 5 and 13 not included on CD releases
Album release
The original objective of Sphinctour was as a home video release, though a CD version was also made. There are no discernible differences audio-wise from the DVD, although, like their In Case You Didn't Feel Like Showing Up release, two tracks were omitted from the CD release. In addition, the DVD features the song "Happy Dust" as the intro and outro. The live video is edited as jump cut, which is a combination of all the concerts that took place in America and Europe.
Personnel
Ministry
Al Jourgensen - vocals, mandolin ("Reload"), harmonica ("Filth Pig"), guitar ("Just One Fix", "N.W.O."), production
Paul Barker - bass guitar, keyboard bass ("The Fall"), production
Rey Washam - drums
Louis Svitek - guitar
Duane Buford - keyboards
Zlatko Hukic - guitar
Additional personnel
Tom Baker - mastering
Paul Elledge - image and design
Video personnel
Jeffrey Kinart - television director, production, editor
Doug Freel - director, editor
Tom Tuntlend - assistant editor
Todd Darling - post-production supervisor
References
2002 live albums
2002 video albums
Live video albums
Ministry (band) albums
Sanctuary Records live albums
Sanctuary Records video albums
Albums produced by Al Jourgensen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinctour |
The Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Play is an honor presented at the Tony Awards, a ceremony established in 1947 as the Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, to actors for quality supporting roles in a Broadway play. Honors in several categories are presented at the ceremony annually by the Tony Award Productions, a joint venture of The Broadway League and the American Theatre Wing, to "honor the best performances and stage productions of the previous year."
Originally called the Tony Award for Actor, Supporting or Featured (Dramatic), the award was first presented to Arthur Kennedy at the 3rd Tony Awards for his portrayal of Biff Loman in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman. Before 1956, nominees' names were not made public; the change was made by the awards committee to "have a greater impact on theatregoers". Its most recent recipient is Brandon Uranowitz for his performance in Leopoldstadt.
Frank Langella holds the record for having the most wins in this category, with a total of two; he is the only person to win the award more than once. Richard Roma in Glengarry Glen Ross, Phil Hogan in A Moon for the Misbegotten, and Mason Marzac in Take Me Out are the only characters to take the award multiple times, all winning twice. A supporting actor in each of Neil Simon's Eugene trilogy plays (Brighton Beach Memoirs, Biloxi Blues, and Broadway Bound) has taken the Tony, whereas featured actors in both parts of Tony Kushner's Angels in America series have also won the award.
Winners and nominees
1940s
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Wins total
2 wins
Frank Langella
Nominations total
3 nominations
Robert Sean Leonard
Joseph Maher
Brian Murray
2 nominations
Tom Aldredge
Reed Birney
Philip Bosco
Larry Bryggman
Billy Crudup
John Glover
Michael Gough
David Alan Grier
George Grizzard
John Benjamin Hickey
Željko Ivanek
Nathan Lane
Frank Langella
Walter Matthau
Biff McGuire
Arian Moayed
Zakes Mokae
Brían F. O'Byrne
Edward Petherbridge
Roger Robinson
Tony Shalhoub
Brandon Uranowitz
Courtney B. Vance
Dick Anthony Williams
Character win total
2 wins
Phil Hogan from A Moon for the Misbegotten
Richard Roma from Glengarry Glen Ross
Mason Marzac from Take Me Out
Character nomination total
3 nominations
Biff Loman from Death of a Salesman
James Tyrone, Jr. from Long Day's Journey into Night
2 nominations
Homer Bolton from Morning's at Seven
Horace Giddens from The Little Foxes
Torvald Helmer from A Doll's House
Phil Hogan from A Moon for the Misbegotten
Chris Keller from All My Sons
Darren Lemming from Take Me Out
Larry from Burn This
Lenny from The Homecoming
Shelley Levene from Glengarry Glen Ross
Mason Marzac from Take Me Out
Richard Roma from Glengarry Glen Ross
Edmund Tyrone from Long Day's Journey into Night
Trivia
A supporting actor in each of Neil Simon's Eugene trilogy (Brighton Beach Memoirs, Biloxi Blues and Broadway Bound) has taken the Tony.
Featured actors in both parts of the original production and in the 2018 revival of Tony Kushner's Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes series have won the award.
Matthew Broderick currently holds the record for the youngest person to ever receive this award, at the age of 21 years old.
Roy Dotrice currently holds the record for the oldest person to ever receive this award, at the age of 77 years old.
See also
Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play
Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical
Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Actor in a Play
Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Featured Performance in a Play
Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
List of Tony Award-nominated productions
Notes
References
External links
Official Tony Awards website
Tony Awards
Awards established in 1949
1949 establishments in the United States
Theatre acting awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Award%20for%20Best%20Featured%20Actor%20in%20a%20Play |
Set the Twilight Reeling is the seventeenth studio album by American rock musician Lou Reed, released on February 20, 1996, by Warner Bros. Records.
Packaging and lyrics
The cover artwork direction and packaging design was done by Stefan Sagmeister. The photograph is by Timothy Greenfield-Sanders. The CD case sold with the album was a dark purple/blue hue, making the cover look like a dark blue picture of Reed's face; the bright yellow aspect and the "rays" of the cover image were only made apparent when the liner notes were removed from its case.
Included in the liner notes of the CD booklet is the following: "Due to increased dynamic range, raise volume above average. PLAY IT LOUD."
As noted on the lyric sheet, "Finish Line" was Reed's tribute to the Velvet Underground's guitarist Sterling Morrison, who had died the previous year. The album is dedicated to Laurie Anderson, whom Reed would marry twelve years after its release. David Fricke of Rolling Stone wrote that Laurie Anderson was the love interest in the track "Hooky Wooky", in which Reed writes of his jealousy over his paramour's ex-lovers.
Reception
Set the Twilight Reeling received generally positive reviews from critics.
Track listing
All tracks written by Lou Reed.
"Egg Cream" – 5:18
"NYC Man" – 4:56
"Finish Line" – 3:24
"Trade In" – 4:59
"Hang On to Your Emotions" – 3:46
"Sex with Your Parents (Motherfucker), Part II" – 3:37
"HookyWooky" – 4:19
"The Proposition" – 3:27
"Adventurer" – 4:18
"Riptide" – 7:46
"Set the Twilight Reeling" – 5:04
"Sex with Your Parents (Motherfucker)" recorded live on July 14, 1995, at The Roof, New York City
Personnel
Credits are adapted from the Set the Twilight Reeling liner notes.
Lou Reed – vocals, guitar
Fernando Saunders – bass guitar, acoustic guitar on "NYC Man", backing vocals
Tony "Thunder" Smith – drums, backing vocals
Oliver Lake, J. D. Parran, Russell Gunn – horns on "NYC Man"
Roy Bittan – piano on "Finish Line"
Mino Cinelu – percussion on "Finish Line"
Laurie Anderson – backing vocals on "Hang On to Your Emotions"
Technical
Struan Oglanby – programming, production co-ordination
Bob Ludwig - mastering
References
External links
Lou Reed albums
1996 albums
Albums produced by Lou Reed
Albums with cover art by Stefan Sagmeister
Sire Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set%20the%20Twilight%20Reeling |
It's About Time is the first solo album released by session drummer Manu Katché. The musicians on the album are people Katché worked with on projects with Sting, Peter Gabriel, and others.
Track listing
Personnel
Manu Katché – drums, percussion, vocals (lead & background), programming, producer
Pino Palladino - bass, vocals, handclaps
Daniel Lanois - guitar, dobro
David Rhodes - guitar, vocals
Dominic Miller - guitar
Babacar Faye - djembe, sabar
Maz Roberts - vocals, handclaps
Peter Gabriel - vocals, handclaps
Richard Galliano - accordion, bandoneon
David Sancious - piano, keyboards
Roger Bolton - keyboards
Simon Clark - keyboards, organ, mellotron, vocals
Branford Marsalis – saxophone
John Paul Jones - bass
Chris Lawson - guitar
Assane Thiam - talking drum
Stuart Brooks - horns
Guy Barker - horns
Pete Beachill - horns
Philip Todd - horns
Sting - vocals
Siobhan Maher - vocals
Tammie Hanckock - vocals
Emma Jones - vocals
Mandy Lesley - vocals
Tom Robinson - vocals
Dave Snell - vocals
Paul Speed - vocals
Tim Speed - vocals
Philippe Abitbol - vocals, handclaps
Dylan Acogny- handclaps
Lucile Katché- handclaps
Fabiana Palladino- handclaps
Elisabeth Acogny - vocals, handclaps
George Acogny - vocals, handclaps
Sophie Duez - vocals, handclaps
Richard Evans - vocals, handclaps
Laurent Voulzy - vocals, handclaps
1992 albums
Manu Katché albums
Rock albums by French artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s%20About%20Time%20%28Manu%20Katch%C3%A9%20album%29 |
Veni Domine was a Christian progressive doom metal band founded in Sollentuna, Sweden in 1987. The band split up on 20 September 2014.
Veni Domine combined down-tempo melodic heavy metal, symphonic metal and doom metal with occasional touches of gothic metal. The band does not clearly fit into a specific category; according to the band, in doom metal festivals they are labeled as "power metal" and in power metal events as "doom metal".
During the early years, the band's lyrics dealt with apocalyptic themes from biblical point of view. Later, their lyrics was more about personal topics. Originally, vocalist Fredrik Ohlsson represented operatic, high-pitched vocals but has since shifted to more lower vocal range during the years. Fall Babylon Fall and Material Sanctuary are the band's significant, acclaimed albums. During the time when these albums were released, Veni Domine was well known in the metal scene. However, as their later albums took longer time to be released and gained average reviews, the band was more or less forgotten in the metal mainstream. Currently Veni Domine is a cult band of a small audience.
Members
Last-known lineup
Fredrik Sjöholm – vocals (1987–2014), guitars (1987–1989)
Torbjörn Weinesjö – guitars (1987–2014) (Audiovision)
Thomas Weinesjö – drums (1987–2014) (Audiovision, ex-Saviour Machine)
Klas Pettersson – bass (2010–2014)
Olov Andersson – keyboards (2011–2014) (Audiovision)
Former members
Gabriel Ingemarson – bass (1997–2006)
Magnus Thorman – bass (1991–1997)
Anders Olofsson – bass (1987–1989)
Mattias Cederlund – keyboards (1997–2004)
Mats Lidbrandt – keyboards (1994–1997, 2004–2006)
Session
P.A. Danielsson – keyboards (1992) (ex-Tiamat)
Timeline
Discography
1992: Fall Babylon Fall (Massacre, R.E.X. Records, review: PowerMetal.de )
1994: Material Sanctuary (Thunderload, reviews: Cross Rhythms, PowerMetal.de )
1998: Spiritual Wasteland (Thunderload, review: HM Magazine)
2004: IIII: The Album of Labour (Rivel)
2006: 23:59 (MCM Music, review: PowerMetal.de )
2007: Tongues (MCM Music)
2014: Light (Massacre Records)
References
External links
Veni Domine at Encyclopaedia Metallum
Swedish Christian metal musical groups
Swedish doom metal musical groups
Swedish progressive metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veni%20Domine |
The Sendero station () is a station on the Monterrey Metro. It is located in Escobedo, and is the northern terminal of Line 2. The station was opened on 1 October 2008 as the northern terminus of the extension of the line from Universidad.
See also
List of Monterrey metro stations
References
Metrorrey stations
Railway stations opened in 2008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendero%20metro%20station |
Army of Germany or Armée d'Allemagne may refer to:
Army of Germany (1797), a French field army
Army of Germany (1809), a French field army
See also
German Army (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army%20of%20Germany |
John Rupert Firth OBE (June 17, 1890 in Keighley, Yorkshire – December 14, 1960 in Lindfield, West Sussex), commonly known as J. R. Firth, was an English linguist and a leading figure in British linguistics during the 1950s.
Education and career
Firth studied history at University of Leeds, graduating with a BA in 1911 and an MA in 1913. He taught history at the City of Leeds Training College before World War I broke out. He joined the Indian Education Service during 1914–1918. He was Professor of English at the University of the Punjab from 1919 to 1928. He then worked in the phonetics department of University College London before moving to the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), where he became Professor of General Linguistics, a position he held until his retirement in 1956.
In July 1941, before the outbreak of war with Japan, Firth attended a conference on the training of Japanese interpreters and translators and began to think of how crash courses might be devised. By the summer of 1942 he had devised a method of training people rapidly in how to eavesdrop on Japanese conversations (for example, between pilots and ground control) and to interpret what they heard. The first course began on 12 October 1942 and was for RAF personnel. He had used captured Japanese code books and other such material to draw up a list of essential military vocabulary and had arranged for two Japanese teachers at SOAS (one had been interned on the Isle of Man but had volunteered to teach, while the other was a Canadian-Japanese) to record sentences in which these words might be used. Trainees listened through headphones to recordings containing expressions such as 'Bakugeki junbi taikei tsukure' (Take up formation for bombing). At the end of each course he sent a report to Bletchley Park commenting on the abilities of each trainee. The trainees were mostly posted to India and played a vital role during the long Burma Campaign giving warning of bombing raids, and a few of them were undertaking similar duties on ships of the Royal Navy during the last year of the war. For his work during the war he was awarded an OBE in 1945.
Contributions to linguistics
His work on prosody, which he emphasised at the expense of the phonemic principle, prefigured later work in autosegmental phonology. Firth is noted for drawing attention to the context-dependent nature of meaning with his notion of 'context of situation', and his work on collocational meaning is widely acknowledged in the field of distributional semantics. In particular, he is known for the famous quotation:
You shall know a word by the company it keeps (Firth, J. R. 1957:11)
Firth developed a particular view of linguistics that has given rise to the adjective 'Firthian'. Central to this view is the idea of polysystematism. David Crystal describes this as:
an approach to linguistic analysis based on the view that language patterns cannot be accounted for in terms of a single system of analytic principles and categories ... but that different systems may need to be set up at different places within a given level of description.
His approach can be considered as resuming that of Malinowski's anthropological semantics, and as a precursor of the approach of semiotic anthropology. Anthropological approaches to semantics are alternative to the three major types of semantics approaches: linguistic semantics, logical semantics, and General semantics. Other independent approaches to semantics are philosophical semantics and psychological semantics.
His theory that "you shall know a word by the company it keeps" / "a word is characterized by the company it keeps" inspired works on word embedding hence add a major impact in natural language processing. Many techniques were designed to build dense vectors representing words semantics based on their neighbors (e.g. Word2vec, GloVe).
The 'London School'
As a teacher in the University of London for more than 20 years, Firth influenced a generation of British linguists. The popularity of his ideas among contemporaries gave rise to what was known as the 'London School' of linguistics. Among Firth's students, the so-called neo-Firthians were exemplified by Michael Halliday, who was Professor of General Linguistics in the University of London from 1965 until 1971.
Firth encouraged a number of his students, who later became well known linguists, to carry out research on a number of African and Oriental languages. T. F. Mitchell worked on Arabic and Berber, Frank R. Palmer on Ethiopian languages, including Tigre, and Michael Halliday on Chinese. Some other students whose native tongues were not English also worked with him and that enriched Firth's theory on prosodic analysis. Among his influential students were Masud Husain Khan and the Arab linguists Ibrahim Anis, Tammam Hassan and Kamal Bashir . Firth got many insights from work done by his students in Semitic and Oriental languages so he made a great departure from the linear analysis of phonology and morphology to a more of syntagmatic and paradigmatic analysis, where it is important to distinguish between the two levels of phonematic units (equivalent to phone) and prosodies (equivalent to features like "nasalization", "velarization" etc.). Prosodic analysis paved the way to autosegmental phonology, though many linguists, who do not have a good background on the history of phonology, do not acknowledge this.
Selected publications
Speech. London: Ernest Benn, 1930.
The Tongues of Men. London: Watts, 1937.
Papers in Linguistics, 1934–1951. London: Oxford University Press, 1957.
A synopsis of linguistic theory 1930-1955, in J. R. Firth, editor, Studies in Linguistic Analysis, Special volume of the Philological Society, chapter 1, pages 1–32, Oxford: Blackwell, 1957.
Selected Papers of J. R. Firth, 1952-59, edited by F. R. Palmer. London: Longmans, 1968.
See also
Phonaestheme
Systemic linguistics
Notes
Further reading
[An earlier, shorter version was published as: ]
Systemic functional linguistics
1890 births
1960 deaths
People from Keighley
Linguists from England
Phonologists
Academics of University College London
Academics of SOAS University of London
People from Lindfield, West Sussex
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Linguists from the United Kingdom
20th-century linguists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Rupert%20Firth |
The Koenigsegg CCX is a mid-engine sports car manufactured by Swedish automotive manufacturer Koenigsegg Automotive AB. The project began with the aim of making a global car, designed and engineered to comply with global safety and environment regulations, particularly to enter the United States car market. To sell cars in the US, many alterations were made to the design of the CCR; the previously used Ford Modular engine was replaced by an in-house developed Koenigsegg engine designed to run on 91 octane fuel, readily available in the United States, and to meet Californian emission standards.
The name CCX is an abbreviation for Competition Coupé X, the X commemorating the 10th anniversary (X being the Roman numeral for ten) of the completion and test drive of the first CC prototype in 1996.
Overview
The CCX was unveiled at the 2006 Geneva Motor Show, sporting body modifications to meet US vehicle regulations and a new in-house developed 4.7L twin supercharged V8 engine capable of generating a maximum power output of at 7,000 rpm and of torque at 5,500 rpm while running on 91 octane gasoline.
Powertrain
The new engine is of all-aluminium construction made out of 356 aluminium with a T7 heat treatment to further enhance block integrity and cylinder bore chill during casting. Specifically created and cast for Koenigsegg by Grainger & Worrall, a casting specialist with F1 experience in drivetrain components, the engine was built, assembled and tested at their Ängelholm production plant. The engine is lubricated with a dry sump system with a separate oil pump and the pistons are cooled by means of an internal cooler that sprays oil onto them in order to run high cylinder pressure with 91 octane fuel
making it capable of in combined cycle and in highway travel.
Available transmissions are a CIMA 6-speed manual and a 6-speed sequential manual transmission. Power is fed to the wheels through a torque-sensitive limited slip differential.
Body
The chassis is made from carbon fibre reinforced with kevlar and aluminium honeycomb like the previous models. While the body keeps the targa top body style and the dihedral synchro-helix actuation doors, it is completely reworked. There is a new front bumper design, enhanced brake cooling, fog lamps, US patented head lamps, a new fresh air intake on the bonnet that acts as ram air booster, air intakes behind the front wheels to enhance airflow and a glass window over the engine.
The CCX has a frontal area of and a ., with a CdA of . It also has a flat underside with venturi tunnels at the rear and an optional rear spoiler to improve downforce. At there is of downforce over the front axle and over the rear. The car is longer to comply with the US rear impact regulations and to free space around the rear muffler. On the interior, there is of extra headroom as well as specifically designed Sparco carbon fibre seats.
Wheels and brakes
First in the industry carbon fibre wheels are optional equipment, lighter than the standard forged alloy telephone-dial wheels, both using centre locking nuts. Diameter is 19 inches at the front and 20 inches at the rear equipped with 255/35 Y19 front, 335/30 Y20 rear Michelin Pilot Sport 2 tyres, 8 piston caliper carbon ceramic brakes measuring in diameter at the front and 6 piston caliper at the rear are optional, saving another of unsprung weight.
Variants
CCXR
The CCXR is a more "environmentally friendly" version of the CCX, powered by the same engine, but converted to use E85 and E100 ethanol fuel, as well as standard 98 octane petrol. The CCXR required modified fuel injectors, upgraded fuel lines and piston rings, and a higher boost setting on the superchargers. In standard form, bodywork of the CCXR features heavily optimized aerodynamics, along with optional diffusers to enhance airflow, including an optional front splitter with an aerodynamic nolder. When run on ethanol, the power increases to at 7000 rpm and of torque at 5600 rpm. This is a direct result of the cooling properties of ethanol in the engine's combustion chambers along with the added boost, made possible by ethanol's higher octane rating when compared to gasoline. Due to the lower specific energy content of ethanol, the CCXR burns slightly more fuel than the CCX with a combined fuel consumption of under the EU cycle.
CCX Edition, CCXR Edition, CCXR Special Edition
At the 2008 Geneva Motor Show, Koenigsegg presented two special edition models, the CCX Edition and the CCXR Edition, both fitted with a remapped, 4.8 L twin-supercharged V8 engine and limited to 2 and 4 units respectively. The modifications to the engine increase the power of the CCX Edition to on normal gasoline and of torque while the CCXR Edition ratings remained unchanged over the CCXR.
The Edition models are more track oriented compared to the standard models, being equipped with stiffer springs and anti-roll bars, new dampers and a lowered chassis, a bare carbon body, unique 11-spoke aluminium wheels with a unique rear wing, and a larger front splitter and side winglets, all of which make the car capable of producing of downforce at . The interior is also reworked and features; colour matched leather carpets, Koenigsegg Edition side step plates and Edition chronograph instrument cluster. All other extra equipment for the Koenigsegg CCX and CCXR Edition comes as standard which include optional carbon fibre wheels, a rearview camera, Satnav or Bluetooth, amplifiers, and a complete Inconell exhaust system.
Later, Koenigsegg also built two CCXR Special Edition cars which when compared to the old CCXR Edition had equipped with the double F1 wing, a revised aero package with a unique and larger front splitter and side winglets, wheel vents on top of the body, as well as Koenigsegg's first F1 Paddleshift system.
CCXR Trevita
The CCXR Trevita is a limited edition of the Koenigsegg CCXR featuring a diamond weave carbon fibre finish. Trevita is an abbreviation in Swedish and translates into "three whites". The Koenigsegg Proprietary Diamond Weave, fully developed by Koenigsegg, is a new and unique method to manufacture the carbon fibre used for the CCXR Trevita. By utilising this new and unique method, Koenigsegg managed to coat the fibres with a diamond finish. The fibre treatment is conducted carefully in small quantities, prior to further processing the pre-production material.
Initially, three CCXR Trevitas were planned to be produced, however, because of the complexity to make the special diamond weave carbon-fibre, only 2 were ever made, making it one of the rarest vehicles manufactured by Koenigsegg. Both cars featured the Koenigsegg Shimmering Diamond Weave bodywork, twin-deck carbon fibre rear wing, inconel exhaust system, carbon ceramic brakes with ABS, airbags, F1 paddle-shift gearbox, chrono instrument cluster, infotainment system, tire monitoring system and a hydraulic lifting system. The Trevita is also one of the most expensive sports cars, costing US$4.8 million. One was owned by boxer Floyd Mayweather until it was sold in 2017 for 2.6 million dollars.
Specifications
Motorsport
In order to compete in the FIA GT Championship Koenigsegg created the CCGT race car, based on the production CC model range; making its debut appearance at the 2007 Geneva Motor Show and built to comply with the ACO and FIA regulations for the GT1 class.
The CCGT's engine is based on the unit used in the Koenigsegg CCX with the superchargers removed and the capacity increased to 5.0 L to compensate for the loss of power. The CCGT had over 600 kg downforce and over 600 hp normally aspirated, racing restricted hp. Due to the already lightweight construction of the road-going model it was based on, the weight was easily reduced under the minimum , which means that the Ballast can be placed optimally in order to meet the mandatory weight.
Two months after the car completed its first shakedown runs, the FIA GT1 regulations were suddenly changed, according to the altered regulations, carbon monocoques were disallowed and there had to be a minimum of 350 road cars produced per year of the model that was to compete, something that Koenigsegg was unable to achieve, prohibiting the CCGT from racing.
Production
The CCX was produced between 2006 and 2010 and the total production amounted to 49 cars (30 CCX, 9 CCXR, 6 CCX/CCXR Edition, 2 CCXR Special Edition and 2 CCXR Trevita). One of them was a CCX used for Crash tests and the other was a CCXR which is still a factory test car. Some CCX cars have later been upgraded to CCXR-specifications.
Awards and recognition
2009 Best Performing Green Exotic, duPont Registry
One of the 10 Most Beautiful Cars by Forbes magazine
In 2007, the CCX was the fastest car to complete Top Gears Power Lap with a time of 1:17.6 (until it was beaten by the Ascari A10 with a time of 1:17.3). The car originally lapped the circuit in 1:20.4, but was then fitted with an optional rear wing to provide downforce after The Stig spun it off the track at 130 mph due to a power steering failure. The Stig purportedly recommended this modification, predicting that the car would then be the fastest ever round Top Gear's track<ref name="topgear81"> – Jeremy Clarkson: "After the accident, Stig said he reckons this car would be 4 seconds faster than it was if it had a big wing on the back."</ref> but Koenigsegg later stated that the improvement was due to adjustments to the chassis and suspension settings and not the addition of the rear spoiler. Despite this, the Stig's spoiler-idea remained the credited reason for the improved lap time. The name of the car on the lap board is "Koeniggggsenisseggsegnignigsegigiseg CCX2 with the Top Gear wing", reportedly because none of the Top Gear'' presenters knew how to spell Koenigsegg, and also poking fun at the long and hard pronunciation of the manufacturer's name.
References
External links
Official Koenigsegg site
Unofficial Koenigsegg Registry
CCX
Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Sports cars
Flexible-fuel vehicles
Grand tourer racing cars
Cars introduced in 2006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koenigsegg%20CCX |
The Armatron is a toy robot which was made by TOMY and distributed by Radio Shack in the United States since 1984. It consists of a crane-like arm which picks up small objects by the user manipulating two attached joysticks. Its shape resembles industrial robots of the 1980s, though it is strictly user-controlled, with no automation built in.
The arm has six degrees of freedom: wrist rotation (unlimited), vertical wrist flexing, horizontal elbow bending, shoulder horizontal rotation (unlimited), shoulder elevation, and the opening (releasing) and closing (grasping) of the two-fingered end-effector.
The module pack of plastic items to be lifted and moved, consists of two stepped cones, two spheres, two cylinders, a flat base module, and a hinged lidded box module. The modules have molded positions for the six objects, with the spheres resting on top of the cones when they are on the box module. The user is challenged to use the arm to move the spheres and cones from the top of the box to their positions on the flat module, open the lid of the box, and then remove the cylinders from the box and place them in position on the flat module. It is possible to do all of this with the arm alone. The Armatron includes an "energy level" indicator, actually a countdown timer, above the joysticks. This can be set by the user to an initial level from 1 to 10 "energy" units and it will shut off the arm when the set time runs out. The challenge is to move the objects in limited time.
Models with alternate decals or coloring were marketed under slightly different names, including the Super Armatron and the Armatron II. The original stationary version was succeeded by a mobile version with a wired remote.
The arm is almost purely mechanical and with no electronic components. The only electrical components are the DC motor, switch contacts in the countdown timer, on/off switch, and the batteries. The two joysticks selectively engage or disengage gears on a set of rotating drums to control the arm's movement.
See also
Waldo (Heinlein)
Waldo
References
External links
Photograph of an Armatron
Photograph of an Armatron
Photo set of an Armatron
Part list for the Super Armatron
Armatron color/model variants
Patent drawings and other detailed info
Description of internal components
Toy robots
Takara Tomy
1980s toys
Electronic toys | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armatron |
Acephala, Latin for "without a head", may refer to:
Acephala group, a cultivar group of Brassica oleracea (cabbage) that grows without a central "head", including many varieties of kale, collard greens, and spring greens
Acephala, Georges Cuvier's name for the class Bivalvia (which lack a head)
Acephala (band), an Argentinian rock band formed in 2004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acephala |
Sisikon is a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland. It is situated on the shore of Lake Lucerne.
Geography
Sisikon has an area, , of . Of this area, 30.9% is used for agricultural purposes, while 44% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.2% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (23.8%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). , 36.5% of the total land area was heavily forested, while 4.1% is covered in small trees and shrubbery. Of the agricultural land, 0.2% is used for farming or pastures, while 4.5% is used for orchards or vine crops and 26.3% is used for alpine pastures. Of the settled areas, 0.4% is covered with buildings, 0.2% is listed as parks and greenbelts and 0.6% is transportation infrastructure. Of the unproductive areas, 0.4% is unproductive standing water (ponds or lakes), 0.2% is unproductive flowing water (rivers), 7.7% is too rocky for vegetation, and 15.5% is other unproductive land.
Spilauersee is located on an alp below Rossstock.
Demographics
Sisikon has a population (as of ) of . , 6.8% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -2.8%. Most of the population () speaks German (96.0%), with Italian being second most common ( 1.4%) and Serbo-Croatian being third ( 1.1%). the gender distribution of the population was 51.8% male and 48.2% female.
In the 2007 federal election the FDP party received 75% of the vote.
In Sisikon about 69.7% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).
Sisikon has an unemployment rate of 0.36%. , there were 24 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 12 businesses involved in this sector. 11 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 4 businesses in this sector. 90 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 16 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
Transport
Sisikon is served by the Sisikon station, situated within the municipality and on the Gotthard railway. Sisikon can be accessed by road via the Axenstrasse.
References
Municipalities of the canton of Uri
Populated places on Lake Lucerne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisikon |
Attinghausen is a village and a municipality in the canton of Uri in Switzerland.
History
Attinghausen is first mentioned in 1240 as Attingenhusen by the HDS.
Geography
Attinghausen has an area, , of . Of this area, 35.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 17.5% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (45.5%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). , 13.6% of the total land area was heavily forested, while 2.9% is covered in small trees and shrubbery. Of the agricultural land, 0.2% is used for farming or pastures, while 4.8% is used for orchards or vine crops and 30.3% is used for alpine pastures. Of the settled areas, 0.9% is covered with buildings, 0.4% is classed as special developments, and 0.3% is transportation infrastructure. Of the unproductive areas, 0.1% is unproductive standing water (ponds or lakes), 0.9% is unproductive flowing water (rivers), 36.1% is too rocky for vegetation, and 8.4% is other unproductive land.
The municipality is located around a bridge over the Reuss.
Demographics
Attinghausen has a population (as of ) of . , 4.2% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 4.8%. Most of the population () speaks German (96.6%), with Serbo-Croatian being second most common ( 0.7%) and Dutch being third ( 0.5%). the gender distribution of the population was 50.9% male and 49.1% female.
In Attinghausen about 71.9% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).
Attinghausen has an unemployment rate of 0.53%. , there were 102 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 44 businesses involved in this sector. 80 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 10 businesses in this sector. 153 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 19 businesses in this sector.
The historical population is given in the following table:
References
Municipalities of the canton of Uri | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attinghausen |
Khon Kaen University () or KKU (มข.) is a public research university, and it is one of the most prestigious universities in Thailand. The university was the first institution of higher education in the northeastern Thailand and remains the oldest and the most competitive university in the region. The university is a hub of education in northeast Thailand. It is a widely recognized university in Asia with strong emphasis on medicine, engineering, science, agriculture and social science. Khon Kaen University was ranked 21st in Southeast Asia by Time Higher Education in 2009, and 4th in Thailand by The Office of Higher Education Commission.
History
In 1941 during the reign of King Ananda Mahidol with the government of Field Marshal Plaek Phibunsongkhram as Prime Minister, there have been policies and projects to expand higher education to the provinces. For the northeastern region, a university have been established in Ubon Ratchathani Province but the war in East Asia which the government had to decide to join Japan to fight the Allies. As a result, the establishment of a university in the northeastern region ended in 1960. Under the administration of Prime Minister Sarit Thanarat, there has been a review of the establishment of the university once again.
Later in the year 1962, it was resolved to establish a higher education institution. Engineering and agriculture in Khon Kaen nominate this institute as "Khon Kaen Institute of Technology" with the abbreviation K.I.T. After that its name was changed to be "Northeastern University" or N.E.U". At that time there was no government agency directly responsible for conducting university education. Therefore, the government has decided that the National Education Council should be responsible for finding a place, drafting a course as well as contacting foreign aids.
In 1963, the subcommittee agreed to choose Baan Si Than as the location of the university in an area of approximately 5,500 rai (2,173 acres), 4 kilometers from the city of Khon Kaen. In June 9, 1964, building construction of "Faculty of Science and Arts" was settled. The first batch of the students was accepted at the University Office in Bangkok in June 24, 1964 with a total number of 107 students, separating into 49 agricultural science students and 58 engineering students enrolled at the University of Medical Sciences (current Mahidol University)
In 1965, the cabinet resolved to change the name as "Khon Kaen University" which is the city's name and location, and Khon Kaen University became legal entity since then.
In 1966, the parliament enacted the Khon Kaen University Act, and announced the establishment in the Government Gazette on January 25, 1966, which is considered the university's founding day. The King Bhumibol Adulyadej appointed qualified members of the university board. Prime Minister Thanom Kittikachorn and Khon Kaen University Council members held a meeting and appointed Pote Sarasin as the first president of the university.
Faculty
There are 19 faculties and 4 colleges in three disciplines.
Healthcare Science
Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences
Faculty of Dentistry
Faculty of Medicine
Faculty of Nursing
Faculty of Pharmacy
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Faculty of Public Health
Science and Technology
Faculty of Agriculture
Faculty of Technology
Faculty of Architecture
Faculty of Engineering
Faculty of Science
College of Computing
Liberal Arts and Social Sciences
Faculty of Education
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Faculty of Business Administration and Accountancy
Faculty of Fine Arts
Faculty of Law
Faculty of Economics
College of Local Administration
KKU International College
College of Graduate Study in Management
Faculty of Interdisciplinary Studies (Nongkhai Campus)
Award and rankings
2010 Khon Kaen University was rated as one of the 9 National Research Universities of Thailand.
International collaboration
University of Georgia, USA,
College of Health Sciences Ahmad Yani Yogyakarta,
South West University or Xinan University,
Adelaide University,
Deakin University,
Gifu University,
Hue University,
International University,
Kochi University,
Kyoto University,
Nanzan University,
National University of Laos,
Mie University,
Muhammadiyah University,
University of Tsukuba,
Osaka University,
Saga University,
Thai Nguyen University,
University of Canberra,
University of Sydney,
Fujita Health University,
National University of Singapore,
Vietnam National University of Agriculture,
Notable alumni
Somsak Kiatsuranont: Former Speaker of the House of Representatives of Thailand
Surapong Tovichakchaikul: Former Minister of Foreign Affairs of Thailand
Kobchai Sungsitthisawad: Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Industry (Thailand), CEO
Chinnapat Phumrat: Former Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education (Thailand)
Chote Trachu: Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Tourism and Sports (Thailand)
Chanchai Panthongwiriyakul:President of Khon Kaen University, Pediatrician
Watcharin Kasalak: President of Burapha University
Witoon suriyawanakul : Billionaire and Founder of Siam Global House Pcl.
Adisak Tangmitrphracha : Billionaire and Founder of DoHome Plc.
Peerapong Jaroon-ek : CEO and founder of Origin Property Plc.
Taweesin Visanuyothin: Psychiatrist
Apisamai Srirangsan: Psychiatrist, News Anchor
Apichatpong Weerasethakul: film director, screenwriter, and film producer
Sukollawat Kanarot: Thai Actor
Tanwarin Sukkhapisit: Film director, politician
Harin Suthamjarus: Singer of Tattoo Colour
Niane Sivongxay: herpetologist
Jatupat Boonpattararaksa: Social Activist
Footnotes
Universities and colleges established in 1964
Buildings and structures in Khon Kaen province
1964 establishments in Thailand | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khon%20Kaen%20University |
netKar Pro (also stylized as nKPro) is an online racing simulator that is developed with an emphasis on realism. It provides advanced features such as a complex tire model (visible dirt, tire wear and flat spots, that influence the car's handling) and a fully interactive cockpit such as those seen in flight simulators.
Gameplay
In NetKar Pro, the players can change several settings on each car in the box, such as aerodynamics, brakes, chassis, and transmission. In addition, there are adjustments to the steering wheel angles and air pressure that can be set individually for each tire. If needed, telemetry data can be tracked and assessed at any time. The game offers a control option support for Xbox 360 controller, joysticks and keyboard.
The game comes bundled with 5 tracks, and a further 21 are available to download. Some are real, with the rest being fictional.
Development and release
netKar Pro debuted at a fair held in Lanciano (Italy), February 24–26, 2006. Version 1.0 was released for download on April 10, 2006. Developers worked with companies involved in real car racing such as Sparco (design of steering wheels, helmets, and driving suits), AIM Sportline (official and fully functional AIM data acquisition systems are reproduced in netKar Pro), Cooper/AVON tires, Brembo (braking systems), Beta Tools; they worked also with a Formula Three team Target Racing, with the race engineer Andrea Quintarelli and the driver Riccardo Azzoli (Formula Gloria, Formula Renault and Formula Three).
In the summer of 2006, it was announced that netKar Pro and BallRacing Developments Ltd - developers of hardware and software for the professional race driver and sim racing community - have joined forces "to co-develop the next generation of motorsport simulation".
During Summer 2009, Kunos Simulazioni announced that the next version of netKar Pro, dubbed 1.1, was to be released through a three-stage Public Beta in an effort to iron out all the bugs before reaching gold status, through the help of the community. A new bug reporting feature was added specifically for this purpose.
Beta 1/3 was released in August 2009, and featured:
A new, streamlined user interface, which included a wizard to make controller setup more straightforward. The redesigned UI abandoned standard Windows UI widgets for the most part and focused on ease of use and a sleek look.
Support for additional controllers (such as keyboards, mice, and gamepads), abandoning the previous hardcore approach of supporting only USB steering wheels.
A number of small usability features were introduced, such as automatically switching on the electric and electronic systems of the car upon entry, a step which in the past relied on the driver's intervention, and was known to be baffling for many newcomers, driving them away as a result.
Many details which made netKar Pro more faithful and realistic were removed, ultimately deemed as too hard on casual sim racers.
Reworked Force Feedback, improving realism and immersion.
Beta 2/3 came in early September, bringing a new car, the Abarth 500 Assetto Corse, and a new fictional track called Aosta, while at the same time fixing many bugs that affected both the handling of some of the cars and the new UI.
Beta 3/3 was released on 16 January 2010. It contained minor additions, such as audio level control, enhanced chat, tweaked differentials and coast torque, and many usability improvements.
On April 4, a Release Candidate (1.1RC) was leaked to a German site. It was later discovered that Kunos Simulazioni had been busy preparing a free, modified version of the simulator containing only the 500 Assetto Corse, which was to be used in an online competition sponsored by MTV Italia. Marco Massarutto, Product Manager of netKar Pro, who acts as a spokesman for Kunos Simulazioni along with Casillo, replied claiming that the 500 in the MTV package was actually a dumbed-down version of netKar, only intended to be used within the boundaries of the promotional event.
netKar Pro 1.1 Final was supposed to be ready within February, along with the Track Editor, and eventually appeared on April 6, 2010, although without any official statements from Kunos Simulazioni.
The 1.2 revision of netKar Pro is an incremental upgrade initially released to the public on November 12, 2010. Two patches, 1.2B and 1.2C followed shortly has brought:
A new car, the Formula KS2 based on the real-life Formula GP2.
Revised tire model.
Revised differential modeling.
Improved collision handling and sturdier cars.
Many usability improvements, minor bug fixes, and some optimizations.
Version 1.3
On December 10, 2010, it was revealed that some of the announced planned developments would be released as netKar Pro v.1.3 on Christmas 2010. This update would contain:
A hill climb track (Trento-Bondone) and a new specific car, the Osella PA-21, which have been the object of much speculation since early 2007, was finally released to the public. Preview versions of this content have been around for a long time in the form of the Marangoni Simulator (which has been recently pulled off the tire manufacturer's site). This update was slated for release after 1.0.3 and subsequently delayed when 1.1 was announced.
A new car, the Shelby Daytona that was initially spotted on Marco Massarutto's YouTube channel and subsequently announced in the same way.
Support for rain, with puddles forming on the road
However, it was only on February 12, 2011, that a new Beta 1.3 release saw the light of the day. As of February 2011, v1.3 still hasn't been released.
Planned developments
Kunos has been quiet about further developments. Stefano Casillo, the game's main developer, confirmed the team was committed to continuing development of the 1.x branch to avoid disappointing existing customers, while at the same time pointing out the shortcomings of the technology in the current netKar Pro, which would make it very hard to add new features.
References
External links
Official site
2006 video games
Racing simulators
Racing video games
Windows games
Video games developed in Italy
Video games set in Australia
Video games set in Brazil
Video games set in Canada
Video games set in the Czech Republic
Video games set in Finland
Video games set in France
Video games set in Germany
Video games set in Italy
Video games set in Japan
Video games set in Monaco
Video games set in Singapore
Video games set in Spain
Video games set in Sweden
Video games set in the United Kingdom
Video games set in the United States
Kunos Simulazioni games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetKar%20Pro |
Jacob Marschak (23 July 1898 – 27 July 1977) was an American economist.
Life
Born in a Jewish family of Kyiv, Jacob Marschak (until 1933 Jakob) was the son of a jeweler. During his studies he joined the social democratic Menshevik Party, becoming a member of the Menshevik International Caucus. In 1918 he was the labor minister in the Terek Soviet Republic. In 1919 he emigrated to Germany, where he studied at the University of Berlin and the University of Heidelberg.
From 1922 to 1926 he was a journalist, and in 1928 he joined the new Kiel Institut für Weltwirtschaft. With the gathering Nazi storm, he emigrated to England, where he went to Oxford to teach at the Oxford Institute of Statistics, which was funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, allowing him to emigrate in 1939 to the United States. After teaching at the New School for Social Research, in 1943 he went to University of Chicago, where he led the Cowles Commission. He followed the commission's move to Yale University, and he then became a professor at UCLA in 1960.
In 1972 he co-founded Team Theory with Roy Radner.
Marschak was fluent in approximately one dozen languages. Shortly before he was due to become president of the American Economic Association, he died from a cardiac arrest.
UCLA sponsors the recurring Jacob Marschak Interdisciplinary Colloquium on Mathematics in the Behavior Sciences.
Major publications
Books
Chapters in books
Translates as:
Journal articles
Pdf version.
Honours
1946 President of the Econometric Society
1963 Honorary Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society
1967 Distinguished Fellow of the American Economic Association
References
External links
Biography at HET
Biography at Yale
Kenneth J. Arrow, "Jacob Marschak", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (1991)
1898 births
1977 deaths
Jewish American scientists
Politicians from Kyiv
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Immigrants to the Weimar Republic
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Presidents of the Econometric Society
Mensheviks
20th-century American writers
20th-century American economists
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
20th-century Ukrainian economists
Presidents of the American Economic Association
Distinguished Fellows of the American Economic Association
Jewish Ukrainian social scientists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob%20Marschak |
Geothermal is related to energy and may refer to:
Geothermal activity, the range of natural phenomena at ornear the surface, associated with release of the Earth's internal heat.
Earth's internal heat budget, accounting of the flows of energy at and below the surface of the planet's crust
The geothermal gradient, which directs the flows of heat within the Earth
Geothermal energy, useful energy generated and stored in the Earth. The energy can be used for:
district heating within buildings and industry
geothermal power plants to generate electricity
Geothermal exploration, the search for commercially usable geothermal energy
Renewable technology
Earth sheltering, constructing a building into a hill side or Earth berm to reduce heating and cooling requirements
Earth cooling tubes, using ambient Earth temperature to cool and dehumidify air
Geothermal desalination, the production of fresh water using heat energy extracted from underground rocks
Geothermal heating, methods of heating and cooling a building using underground heat
Geothermal electricity, electricity generated from naturally occurring geological heat sources
Geothermal heat pump (GHP), a device used for heating and cooling using the earth as a heat reservoir
Direct exchange geothermal heat pump, a method of heating and cooling with the energy of the earth using direct exchange of heat
Hot dry rock geothermal energy, heating water in hot deep rock | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal |
Louis Friant (; 18 September 1758 – 24 June 1829) was a French general who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars.
Early life and French Revolutionary Wars
Friant was born in the village of Morlancourt, 8 km south of Albert near the river Somme, the son of a wax-maker. He enlisted in the Gardes Françaises in February 1781, at age 22, and rose to the rank of Corporal before leaving the service in 1787. With the outbreak of the French Revolution, Friant volunteered for the Garde Nationale of Paris in September 1789. He was elected lieutenant-colonel of the 9e Battalion de Paris in September 1792, leading that battalion on the German frontier under the Army of the Moselle until wounded in the left leg on 16 December 1793.
Returning to action as colonel of the 181e Demi-Brigade in March 1794, Friant took part in the great victory of Fleurus (a stone's throw from the future battlefield of Ligny/St-Amand) on 26 June 1794. He was briefly acting-commander of a brigade (July 1794) and a division (August 1794). He served at the sieges of Maastricht (October 1794) and Luxemburg (April 1795). He was promoted to Général de Brigade on 13 June 1795.
After a period as Military Governor of Luxemburg, Friant served with the Army of Sambre-et-Meuse in 1796 along the Rhine. In January 1797 he joined Bernadotte's Division of the Army of Italy. He served at the Battle of the Tagliamento (16 March 1797), and assumed command of the 5th Brigade, 3rd Division (30e and 55e Ligne) from June 1797.
Napoleonic Wars
Egypt
Friant commanded the 2nd Brigade (61e and 88e Ligne) of General Desaix's division in Egypt, taking part in the Battle of the Pyramids (21 July 1798), and in Desaix's brilliant campaign in Upper Egypt. He was provisionally promoted to Général de Division on 4 September 1799, and succeeded Desaix as commander in Upper Egypt after Desaix departed to play his decisive but fatal part in the Marengo campaign. Friant took a lead role in the suppression of the great revolt in Cairo in March–April 1800. Confirmed in the rank of Général de Division and named Governor of Alexandria in September 1800, he fought the British at the Second Battle of Aboukir (8 March 1801), and defended Alexandria through August 1801.
Repatriated with the remnants of the Army of the Orient, Friant served as an inspector-general of infantry in 1801–03 before joining the Corps of his brother-in-law Davout at the Camp of Bruges. There, he molded the 2ème Division, III Corps into "what arguably became the finest line division on the face of the earth" (Bowden, Napoleon and Austerlitz).
High days of the Empire
In the Ulm-Austerlitz campaign of 1805, Friant's Division earned a reputation for rapid and effective marching. This quality was put to excellent use when the Division was summoned from Vienna to reinforce the Grande Armée at Austerlitz, marching 70 miles in 46 hours and arriving just in time to counterattack the Allies at Telnice and Sokolnice on the morning of 2 December 1805. In the ferocious fighting along the Goldbach stream, Friant had three horses killed under him.
Friant was awarded the Grand Eagle of the Legion of Honor on 27 December 1805. In the 1806 campaign, at the Battle of Auerstädt (14 October 1806) in which Davout's III Corps of 26,000 men faced and defeated the Prussian main body of 63,000, Friant's Division advanced on the right, turning the Prussian left flank. The infantry of Friant and Gudin, standing in square, withstood and shattered a massive cavalry attack led by Blücher himself.
In the Polish campaign, Friant's Division fought successfully at the forcing of the Ukra River on 24 December 1806. At the Battle of Eylau, Friant's Division arrived to reinforce the French right on the morning of 8 February 1807, helping to turn a near-defeat into a stalemate. Friant suffered a gunshot wound to his right side at Eylau.
Friant was named Comte de l'Empire on 5 October 1808.
In the 1809 campaign, Friant's Division fought with distinction at Teugen-Hausen (19 April), Abensberg (21 April), Eckmühl (22 April), and Ratisbon (23 April). At the Battle of Wagram on 6 July 1809, Friant was wounded in the shoulder by a shell fragment during the successful storming of the Square Tower at Markgrafneusiedl.
Russia, Germany, France
In the Russian campaign of 1812, Friant commanded the 2e Division of Davout's I Corps. In August 1812, after General Dorsenne's death, he was nominated as commander of the Grenadiers à Pied de la Vieille Garde. Friant remained at the head of his Division. He was wounded at the Battle of Smolensk (17 August) and severely wounded during the capture of Semenovskaya village at the Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812). Incapacitated and left behind at Gzhatsk, he was still there with his wounds unhealed when the retreating army returned to Gzhatsk at the end of October.
Friant returned to France to recover from his wounds in January 1813. He returned to the front in June 1813, commanding the Old Guard Division at the Battles of Dresden (26 August), Leipzig (16–19 October), and Hanau (30 October 1813).
In the 1814 campaign in France, Friant and his 1st Division of the Old Guard fought a successful defensive action against Gyulai's Austrians at Bar-sur-Aube on 24 January. Friant took part in Napoleon's surprise counter-offensive against Blücher's Army of Silesia, gaining victories at Montmirail (11 February), Château-Thierry (12 February), and Vauchamps (14 February 1814). Friant's Old Guard was the core and reserve of the Emperor's masse de manoeuvre. They were committed to battle in the bloody and indecisive clash at Craonne (7 March 1814), the reverse at Laon (9–10 March), the recapture of Reims (13 March), and the defeat at Arcis-sur-Aube, (20 March).
Waterloo and final years
During Napoleon's exile, Friant was retained as commander of the grenadiers à pied de France. In the campaign of the Hundred Days, he was Colonel-in-Chief of the Grenadiers à Pied de la Vieille Garde. His men made the final assault on Ligny as darkness fell on 16 June 1815. On 18 June, at Waterloo Friant led his Old Guard Grenadiers in the final, fateful attack on the Allied center, where he was wounded yet again.
Friant retired in September 1815. He died on 24 June 1829, aged 70.
References
Counts of France
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Commanders in the French Imperial Guard
1758 births
1829 deaths
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Friant |
Darrell Roberts is an American guitarist best known as a former member of the heavy metal bands W.A.S.P. and Five Finger Death Punch.
Career
In 2002, Roberts debuted as a member of the heavy metal band W.A.S.P. In 2005, he left the band and went on to join Las Vegas based heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch. Roberts left FFDP in 2009 and was replaced by Jason Hook. In late 2009, he started a new band under the name Sintanic with former Murderdolls drummer Ben Graves.
Discography
Tuff
History of Tuff (2001) – guitarist on "American Hairband"
W.A.S.P.
Dying for the World (2002)
The Neon God: Part 1 – The Rise (2004)
The Neon God: Part 2 – The Demise (2004)
Dominator (2007) – song: "Deal with the Devil"
Five Finger Death Punch
The Way of the Fist (2007)
References
External links
Darrell Roberts on Myspace
Living people
American heavy metal guitarists
1974 births
American male guitarists
Five Finger Death Punch members
W.A.S.P. members
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrell%20Roberts |
The Togo mouse (Leimacomys buettneri), also known as Büttner's African forest mouse or the groove-toothed forest mouse, is a unique muroid rodent known from only two specimens taken from near the type locality of Bismarckburg, near Yege, Togo, in 1890. Its genus is monotypic.
Description and natural history
The entirety of known material for this species consists of a single, poor-quality dry skin, a fluid-preserved animal, and a cranium and mandible. The cranium and mandible are from different animals. The material is deposited in the Zoologisches Museum of Humboldt University in Berlin, Germany.
The head and body length is with a tail of . This tail is unusually short relative to the body length (ratio of 37%) and is considered an important diagnostic feature. The animal is dark to grey brown above and pale grey brown below. Ears are small and hairy. Feet are also somewhat hairy. The tail may be naked or slightly haired.
The incisors are shallowly grooved. The snout is long and wide, the interorbital width is broad, and the zygomatic plate is large).
Based on skull morphology, the Togo mouse is presumed to be insectivorous. Very little is known about the habits of this unusual mouse.
Classification
Leimacomys has been transferred back and forth between the Dendromurinae and the Murinae since its discovery. It most closely resembles Lophuromys, which has been transferred to a newly erected Deomyinae on the basis of molecular data. The association with Lophuromys is thought to be due to convergent evolution due to similar diets. Tooth characters resemble dendromurines, Mystromys or basal gerbils. Denys et al. generated a phylogeny that suggested, with limited support, Leimacomys is a sister taxon to the Gerbillinae.
Musser and Carleton chose to erect a new subfamily, Leimacomyinae, to house this species. They placed it in the family Muridae due to its potential connection to either the Gerbillinae or Deomyinae, but emphasized that a broad phylogenetic study including Leimacomys, and a host of nesomyids and murids, is needed to determine its appropriate position.
Conservation status
The Togo mouse is considered to be either critically endangered or extinct depending on the authority. Schlitter classified it as extinct, because subsequent surveys to the area failed to recover it. Grubb et al. (1998) noted these surveys inadequately sampled appropriate habitat in Togo and neighboring Ghana, and they were reluctant to declare the species extinct. Musser and Carleton also emphasized the insectivorous muroids as a group have proven difficult to capture, and intense surveys of high-elevation forests in this region are required to determine if it still persists.
The IUCN currently describes the Togo mouse as "data deficient".
References
Further reading
Grubb et al. 1998.
Musser, G. G. and M. D. Carleton. 1993. Family Muridae. pp. 501–755 in Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder eds. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.
Nowak, Ronald M. 1999. Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1936 pp.
Muridae
Mammals of West Africa
Endemic fauna of Togo
Rodents of Africa
Togo mouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo%20mouse |
The Potsdam Denkschrift is a declaration of Hans-Peter Dürr, J. Daniel Dahm and Rudolf zur Lippe under the patronage of the Federation of German Scientists-VDW. It is the base – the “mother” of the abstract condensed version, the Potsdam Manifesto ‚We have to learn to think in a new way’ what was up to now signed by more than 130 scientists and personalities from all over the world.
Both were presented to the public in Berlin in autumn 2005.
The collapse of a course of action legitimised by the materialistic-deterministic world view of the classical physics is elucidated in several chapters. The "progressing uniformity of all ideas of value and affluence, habits of consumption and economic strategies on the pattern of a Western/American/European knowledge society" (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift) and its hazards is accentuated and a rethinking towards a more holistic view and behaviour is claimed.
Creativity, differentiation and connectedness are basic characteristics of life. The future is essentially open.
Process
For the initiation, scientific feedbacking in content and composition and for the multiplication of Potsdam Denkschrift & Potsdam Manifesto an intensive international scientific discourse was carried out since beginning of the Einstein-Year 2005.
An interdisciplinary symposium in Potsdam to discuss a first draft of the “Denkschrift” (therefore Potsdam Denkschrift & Potsdam Manifesto) was carried out in June 2005. The resultant development of the critical and bracing symposium was the full backing of all participants, as well as the decision to publish a short Manifesto additionally to the “Denkschrift”.
On October 14, 2005 both - the short Potsdam Manifesto 2005 "We have to learn to think in a new way" and the more explicit Potsdam Denkschrift 2005 - were presented to the public in Berlin.
In the following months various international signees of the Potsdam Manifesto were contacted and successfully mobilized as supporters.
Background
Denkschrift and Manifesto connect to a central but not expanded appeal of the Russell–Einstein Manifesto of Bertrand Russell and Albert Einstein, published on the 9th of July 1955 in London: "We have to learn to think in a new way". The Russell–Einstein Manifesto was an ultimate calling for a new way of thinking that would guarantee war, in the future, to be completely banned as an instrument of politics and conflict resolution.
Starting situation
Following the basic ideas of Potsdam Denkschrift & Potsdam Manifesto the global situation at the beginning of the 21st century, 50 years after the Russell–Einstein Manifesto, confronts the humankind in an even more dangerous and more complex form.
"Our deep worry that we, as members of the species homo sapiens, are increasingly reducing the living diversity of our earth and of our creative developmental possibilities, thus irreversibly endangering our survival in peace and our mutual exchange gives us the courage, and our awareness that we have to take new paths gives us the occasion, to compose this manifesto." (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift)
In this spirit it is not adequate just to answer - to give symptom remedies - to the diverse and escalating endangerments for humankind and more over for its carrying biosphere.
It is urgent to detect the deeper causes covert behind these various crises syndromes. They have to be searched in the grave failures of the dominant strategies in our thinking and actions. It is obviously that the existence threatening problems of humankind are human-made too.
Re-orientations for Sustainable Development
In accordance Potsdam Denkschrift & Potsdam Manifesto enquire for the deeper sub-structures of the diverse crises symptoms. They show radical and deep going re-orientations for the sustainable development of humankind and for our thinking.
"This wide variety of crises today confronting us and threatening to exceed our ability to cope are the expression of a mental crisis in the relation between us humans and our living world. They are symptoms of deeper causes that we have thus far neglected to seek and reveal. They are closely connected with the materialistic-mechanistic worldview favored all over the world today and with its prior history." (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift)
Potsdam Denkschrift & Potsdam Manifesto charge a unidirectional narrow-minded western-European-North American modelled way of thinking to stall the living co-action between humans and creatures and to hinder their viability via centralisation trends and averaging of living complexes from biosphere to anthroposphere.
Bridging Quantum Physics, Ecology and Philosophy
Via the linking up between quantum physics, ecology and philosophy Potsdam Denkschrift & Potsdam Manifesto are highlighting plurality, diversity and alteration as genuine in a living cosmos, as fundamental for a concerted evolution.
The idea of a separated, fragmented reality dissolves in the micro physics and dynamically transforming and differentiating relations are taking the place of substantial segregations. The image of a world assembled from dead matter is superseded by a cosmology, what is based on an immaterial omni-connectedness and what is inherently “alive”.
"Instead of the world assumed until now – a mechanical, temporally determined “reality” of objectifiable things, the real “Wirklichkeit” (a world that effects) turns out to be basically “potentiality”: an indivisible, immaterial, temporally essentially indeterminate and genuinely creative bonding of relations that determines only “can”-probabilities, a differentiated potential for a material-energetic realization. The Wirklichkeit’s fundamentally open, creative, immaterial omni-connectedness permits us to regard the inanimate and the animate world as merely different – statically stable respectively open and statically unstable, but dynamically stabilized – articulations of an all-embracing “pre-living” cosmos." (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift)
The dynamic processes of interaction and transformation within the relational webs of quantums exponentiates in a “higher” living what humans experience in the “mesosphere” of bio- and geo-ecological animated world.
"Animate nature draws its ability for continued, creative differentiate and cooperative integration from its “pre-living” (microphysically recognizable) primordial ground, whose “information”, through instabilities, rises enhanced into the meso-sphere, where it unfolds in more intense and richer form. The “pre-living” realm thus organizes itself in the complex variety of our “higher” bio-ecological vibrancy, as we encounter it in everyday life. Cultural-ecological variety and its developmental forms, i.e., its processes of transformation and balance, ultimately also results from this context." (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift)
Determinisms and linear casualties are just of conditional guiltiness, are part of our instrumental knowledge. But they are not applicable to our patterns of thinking and to determine our imagined worlds via our orientation knowledge.
The diverse processes and relations between individuals, cultures, organisms and ecological complexes are demanding within open systems different patterns of action and creations of strategies, than it is feasible within the old mechanistic constructions, theorems and predefinitions of the scientific description of “the” reality.
"From this new viewpoint, the world – the Wirklichkeit – no longer appears as a theoretically closed system. This leads to an inherent indeterminism that results from the fundamental indivisibility and that is expressed in an inherent limitation of the “knowable”. Strictly speaking, we are thus forced to speak about the Wirklichkeit only in parables and analogies. There are in principle no longer answers to all the questions that, from a human standpoint, we believe we can pose, because the answers go nowhere." (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift)
With a “farewell” towards the old images of substance and its replacement by “relatedness” and “connectivity”, the borders between power of interpretations in-between natural sciences and humanities / cultural sciences are getting blurred. The theoretical fundamentals of verification and falsification of “reality” are - severely taken - dissolving. Also and particularly the fundamentals of our social, cultural, economical and political sciences and their traditions are put basically into question, since they constructed complex, but nevertheless deterministically closed theorems in their course of emancipation to the “hard” natural sciences.
"The materialistic-mechanistic worldview of classical physics, with its rigid ideas and reductive way of thinking, became the supposedly scientifically legitimated ideology for vast areas of scientific and political-strategic thinking. The progressing uniformity of all ideas of value and affluence, habits of consumption and economic strategies on the pattern of a Western/North American/European knowledge society is still legitimated by a way of thinking that argues for a rational objectifiability of the Wirklichkeit on the basis of secured scientific foundations. Where conflicts arise, a lack of instrumental knowledge is diagnosed and compensatory delivery is prescribed. The foundations of this orientation are seldom questioned, though there is reason enough to do so." (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift)
Via those fundamental and inelastic world views economical, political and socio-cultural strategies and forms of organisation were legitimised above centuries, and, along that way, followed by increasing perils in an animated world. The recent crises scenarios are forcing up and unloading in all societal, economical, political and cultural as well as ecological levels.
Guiding to New Requirements
Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift are guiding to new requirements on our organisation and our handling within a multifarious living world.
"Quantum physics – and not just it – challenges us to emancipate our thinking from rigid structures so that flexible relationships can take their place. It becomes possible to loosen and gently dissolve the monostructural, centralistic constructions, forms of expression preferred by the materialistic-mechanistic worldview." (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift)
The relief of narrow and mechanistic strategy-patterns, reductions and averaging forms a basic matter.
"It is urgently necessary to enable an integrative cooperation among the diverse economic exchange strategies among people, communities, and their natural surroundings as well as among the patterns of distribution in production, use, and supply, in order to ensure the provision of the necessities of life and the structural and institutional prerequisites for socio-economic exchange. The development of new decentralized and polycentric structures of production, supply, and decision-making has special relevance – indeed priority." (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift)
Potsdam Denkschrift & Potsdam Manifesto identify necessary drastic changes concerning our future actions.
They demand "... a strategic orientation toward the paradigm of what lives" (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift). Because "if we continue to “tilt” our common playing field of life by unrestrainedly striving for power, so that the majority of humankind and a great part of all living creatures are slipping off, our problems will grow into a catastrophe." (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift)
Appeal to Stop the Suppressing of the Potentials of Evolution
They close with the urgent appeal to stop the suppressing of the potentials of evolution via our mindset:
"The confrontations and distortions we daily experience in our civilization should not allow ourselves to be led astray. Our existence as human beings today shows us that we, too, are the successful result of a similar development that has already gone on for billions of years." (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift)
Potsdam Denkschrift & Potsdam Manifest finalise with the position, that the humankind is not imprisoned in its self-constructed conditions, but - as result of an animated, basically cooperative embedding - is capable of acting and transformation:
"For omni-connectedness, which we can also call love and from which life springs, is fundamentally inherent in us and in everything else." (Potsdam Manifesto & Potsdam Denkschrift)
Signees
The Potsdam Manifesto was signed by more than 130 scientists and personalities from all over the world.
External links
Download of Potsdam Manifesto – English (PDF)
Download of Potsdam Denkschrift – English (PDF)
German and English book (Potsdam Manifesto and Potsdam Denkschrift)
Vereinigung deutscher Wissenschaftler: Potsdam Denkschrift - Potsdam Manifesto 2005 Archive (selected press reviews, comments and additions, list of signees)
Political manifestos
Physics organizations
2005 in science
2005 documents | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potsdam%20Denkschrift |
Chizuk Amuno Congregation (Hebrew: ק"ק חזוק אמונה) is a large Jewish house of worship affiliated with Conservative Judaism. It is located in Pikesville, Maryland. The congregation's name comes from the Hebrew "Chizzuq 'Emunah", meaning "strengthening the faith". The word "Amuno" is a variant of the Ashkenazi Hebrew pronunciation of "'Emunah".
Principles
Chizuk Amuno, which defines itself as "a traditional, Conservative, egalitarian congregation" that strongly supports the Jewish Theological Seminary of America and the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism. Chizuk Amuno uses as its guiding principle the three pillars of world as stated in Pirkei Avoth 1:2, "Torah: Life-Long Learning," "Avodah: Worship and Observance", and "Gemilut Hasadim: Acts of Loving Kindness." Chizuk Amuno also seeks perform tikkun olam, repairing the world and encourages its congregants to lead an ethical, Jewish life.
History
19th century
Chizuk Amuno descended from the "Green Street synagogue", founded by a small group of Jews on April 1, 1871, in Baltimore, Maryland.
In 1876, the congregation moved into its first permanent home of distinctive Moorish design, the old Chizuk Amuno Synagogue on Lloyd Street across Watson Street to the south from the original historic Lloyd Street Synagogue designed in Greek Revival style by noted local architect Robert Cary Long Jr. in 1845 for the Baltimore Hebrew Congregation in the east downtown Baltimore neighborhood of Jonestown, later known as Old Town.
Under the spiritual guidance of Rev. Dr. Henry W. Schneeberger, the "first American-born, ordained rabbi", the congregation grew greatly and soon moved in 1895 to nearby McCulloh Street in the Bolton Hill neighborhood (Md. Route 129) after selling its Lloyd Street building to the B'nai Israel ("Sons of Israel") congregation which had been founded 1873 by recently immigrated Russian Jews. The building is now next door to and part of the Herbert Bearman campus of the Jewish Historical Society of Maryland now known as the Jewish Museum of Maryland in 1985 along with the original Lloyd Street Synagogue, both of which are now on the National Register of Historic Places.
The synagogue later split into the Shearith Israel Congregation, and the somewhat more liberal, though still strictly Orthodox, Chizuk Emunah Congregation, under the leadership of its president, Dr. Aaron Fredenwald. The synagogue was a supporter of the aforementioned JTS and the Jewish Publication Society (JPS) at their founding under Orthodox auspices, with Dr. Friedenwald being a Director, and Vice President, respectively of the two organizations. Friedenwald remained orthodox all his life, but after his death, JTS and JPS became affiliated with the nascent Conservative Judaism movement, and the synagogue became a founding member of USCJ.
20th century to the present
In 1920, the synagogue gained both a new rabbi, Rabbi Adolph Coblenz, and moved once again uptown to a building on Eutaw Place. After Rabbi Israel M. Goldman began his tenure at Chizuk Amuno in 1948, plans were begun to move the congregation to a "suburban campus...to house a Social Center, School Building, and Sanctuary." The new synagogue was located on previously undeveloped land in the northwest suburb of Pikesville in Baltimore County and was in use by the 1960s.
In 1980, Rabbi Joel H. Zaiman became the congregation's rabbi. Under Zaiman, both Chizuk Amuno's youth and adult education would be expanded and the congregation doubled in size to 1,400 families during the 23 years of his leadership. In 1981, a Solomon Schechter Day School (today called Krieger Schechter) was opened in conjunction with the congregation. In addition to founding schools, Chizuk Amuno also emphasized Gemilut Hasadim or "acts of loving kindness" in serving city communities during Zaiman's rabbinate. These programs, such as mentoring high school students, continue to the present day. Following Rabbi Zaiman's retirement, Rabbi Ronald J. Shulman was elected spiritual leader of Chizuk Amuno from 2004 -2017. The Congregation's current Senior Rabbi since July 2018 is Joshua Z. Gruenberg. He earned a bachelor's degree in political science from the State University of New York at Binghamton and was ordained as a Conservative rabbi by the Jewish Theological Seminary in 2002.
Notable people
Sidney Sakols (1916–2007), real estate executive, World War II veteran, composer, inventor, activist
Education
Chizuk Amuno offers education centers for youth and adult education:
The Goldsmith Early Childhood Center (preschool)
Krieger Schechter Day School (K-8 day school, member of the Solomon Schechter Day School Association and accredited by the Association of Independent Maryland Schools)
The Rosenbloom Religious School (bi-weekly program for secular school students)
Netivon & Achshav (evening high school programs)
The Stulman Center for Adult Learning
Activities
Chizuk Amuno features many groups (Brotherhood, Sisterhood, Young Professionals, Young Families, and others) intended to enrich synagogue life and "promote the values and ideals of Conservative Judaism."
The congregation is administered by a number of committees over which its president and board of trustees presides.
Chizuk Amuno also operates the Goldsmith Museum, which strives to preserve Jewish history through the visual arts. It also features an extensive interactive timeline of Jewish history and congregational archives.
Notes
External links
Ashkenazi Jewish culture in Maryland
Ashkenazi synagogues
Baltimore County, Maryland landmarks
Conservative synagogues in Maryland
Gothic Revival synagogues
Synagogues in Baltimore County, Maryland
Jews and Judaism in Pikesville, Maryland
Gothic Revival architecture in Maryland
Religious buildings and structures in Pikesville, Maryland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chizuk%20Amuno%20Congregation |
Bloodgood was an American Christian metal band that formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1983. By 1988, Bloodgood represented one of the four largest Christian metal bands (excluding the mainstream success of Stryper) alongside Barren Cross, Leviticus, and Whitecross.
Bloodgood became known for their "go-for-broke attitude about showmanship", displaying attitudes and imagery that brought them into collision with some on the extreme Christian right. In a 1998 retrospective, Christian music critic Brian Quincy Newcomb would write that "Bloodgood's ministry and music was a vital stepping stone in the maturing process of Christian rock."
Background
The band formed around the leadership of Michael Bloodgood, who had been active in the local music scene in Seattle for some time. Directly prior to the formation of Bloodgood, Michael had been involved in a local effort, what he later described as "basic straight-ahead rock." That effort had disbanded by mid-1984 as Michael Bloodgood felt called to build a Christian metal band. The Seattle area at that time was known for metal bands such as TKO, Queensrÿche, and Metal Church, but Bloodgood felt a need to represent Christ to that audience, and the band was the natural way to do so.
In 1985, Bloodgood released a demo, Metal Missionaries, of which they sold over 5,000 copies at concerts. Their 1986 eponymous debut was produced by Darrell Mansfield. While Bloodgood was visually similar to other metal bands at the time, it was distinguished by three elements: the vocals of Les Carlsen, the songwriting of Michael Bloodgood, and the guitar techniques of David Zaffiro. The band's sound was in many ways typical of competent 1980s glam metal bands, but their lyrics were distinctly Christian. Themes often included Armageddon, hope and victory in Christ, and the Grace of living in God, with Biblical language throughout. When asked about the influence of Stryper upon the band, Michael Bloodgood told an interviewer that the band had formed before Stryper became well known, and so they were not a musical influence because they played different styles of metal.
Their first major United States tour was in 1987 and was protested by groups on the extreme Christian right. The band was more popular in Europe than in the United States and they toured the United Kingdom in 1988. This tour featured lead vocalist Les Carlsen portraying Pontius Pilate during the song "Crucify", as well as a graphic, live-action portrayal of Christ being crucified. The band's position on theatrics, as summed up by Carlsen: "Heavy metal lends itself to visuals and drama... They come naturally from the music we write."
Present
After five studio albums and three live releases, the group officially disbanded in 1994. The group reformed in 2006 and performed several times a year in the U.S. and Europe until 2022 working with Oz Fox from Stryper in the newly formed lineup. Michael Bloodgood, the group's bass player and namesake, also released a worship solo album, The Cross Changes Everything, in early 2008, under the name "Michael Bloodgood and Friends", featuring the guest talents of other musicians, including bandmates Les Carlsen, Oz Fox, Paul Jackson, Mark Welling, and Michael's son, Paul Michael Bloodgood on drums and vocals.
Bloodgood was a 2010 Inductee into the Christian Music Hall of Fame.
In 2010, HM Magazine listed Detonation No. 23 on its Top 100 Christian Rock Albums of All Time list stating that it has "quite an original metal sound". It singles-out "Crucify", "Messiah", "Self-Destruction" and the ballad "Alone in Suicide". Heaven's Metal fanzine ranked it No. 8 on its Top 100 Christian metal albums of all-time list.
Michael Bloodgood was senior pastor of Calvary Chapel Redmond, Washington. where guest artists such as long time friend and lead singer, Les Carlsen came and performed, other artists such as Randy Stonehill, Buck Storm and Darrell Mansfield have also made appearances at CCR in Redmond, Washington.
Les Carlsen was the lead in the Broadway musical Hair. He performed as a guest vocalist with the American Christian metal band Tourniquet on Intense Live Series, Vol. 2 in 1993. Kevin Whisler was in a Tacoma-based Christian pop-metal band called "Watchmen" before joining Bloodgood. Watchmen released two albums: Fear No Evil in 1988 and Generation in 1990, both on Regency Records.
A full-length documentary, Trenches of Rock is currently touring the film festival circuit. Produced by Bloodygood Pictures, the film features exclusive interviews, music and photos, and all of the controversy surrounding the band. Executive producer is James Moll. The official trailer was released in March 2017. A soundtrack is under way to coincide with the documentary's release in late 2017. On October 19, 2013, Bloodgood released the first video, Lamb of God, from Dangerously Close.
On July 29, 2022, it was announced on their official Facebook page that Michael Bloodgood had died due to complications of a hemorrhagic stroke he suffered in February 2022. Two days later, Bloodgood announced its disbanding.
Members
Former
Les Carlsen – lead vocals (1984–1994, 2002–2022)
Michael Bloodgood – bass (1984–1994, 2002–2022; his death)
J.T. Taylor – drums (1984–1986)
David Zaffiro – guitar (1984–1988)
Mark Welling – drums (1986–1989, 1993–1994, 2006–2013)
Paul Jackson – guitar (1989–1994, 2002–2022)
Kevin Whisler – drums (1989–1991, 2013–2021; his death)
David McKay – keyboards (1991–1994, 2002–2007)
Paul Roraback – drums (1991–1993)
Tim Heintz – keyboards (1991)
David Huff – drums (1991)
Jeffrey McCormack – drums (2002–2006)
Oz Fox – guitar (2007–2022)
Touring
Craig Church – rhythm guitar (1990)
Michael Feighan – drums (2021–2022)
Kent Walstead – guitar (1992)
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
Bloodgood (1986, Frontline Records)
Detonation (1987, Frontline Records)
Rock In a Hard Place (1988, Frontline)
Out of the Darkness (1989, Intense Records)
All Stand Together (1991, Broken Records)
Dangerously Close (2013, B. Goode Records)
Trenches of Rock Movie Soundtrack (2019, Bloodygood Pictures/B. Goode Records)
Live/video albums
Alive In America: Live Volume One (1990, Intense Records)
Shakin' the World: Live Volume Two (1990, Intense Records)
Alive in America: Live Volume One (1990, Intense Records, VHS)
Shakin' the World: Live Volume Two (1990, Intense Records VHS)
To Germany With Love! (1993; Stephans-Buchhandlung)
Bloodgood: Live in Norway (2009, DVD of the band's performance at the SeaSide Festival in Norway, 2009)
Bloodgood Rock Theater (2002, DVD re-issue of Alive in America and Shakin' the World)
Compilation appearances
Hot Metal Summer (1988, Benson Records)
Hot Metal Summer II (1989, Frontline Records)
Compilation
The Collection (1991, Intense Records)
Metal Missionaries 25th Anniversary Edition (2010, B. Goode Records)
Demo
Metal Missionaries (1985, self released)
See also
List of Christian metal artists
List of glam metal bands and artists
References
External links
Bloodgood CD Gallery
American Christian metal musical groups
Glam metal musical groups from Washington (state)
Heavy metal musical groups from Washington (state)
Musical groups established in 1984
1984 establishments in Washington (state)
Musical groups disestablished in 1994
Musical groups reestablished in 2006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodgood |
Douglas Blair Lucek, better known as Doug Blair (born February 11, 1963) is a heavy metal guitarist and member of W.A.S.P. Blair's early development as a musician took place in his home state of Connecticut. His focus on technical ability with the guitar quickly saw him gaining a reputation locally in the Tri-State area of (NY, NJ, CT).
Music career
His early band, Run 21, played small club dates in the Tri-State area (NY, NJ, CT) and recorded some original material during that time. One of the songs, "Baby It's Your Face" was recorded at Presence Studios in Weston, Connecticut and released on the Metalstorm compilation produced by Jamie Bircumshaw and Tom Boyd in 1985. This early Doug Blair band, Run 21 also included Stet Howland on drums who would later join W.A.S.P., as would Blair. Run 21 was especially known for its outlandish show (compared to other Connecticut acts) that would see Blair jumping up on the bar and playing while running in between glasses and bottles. The act had an element of comedy with drummer Stet Howland's dialogue with the audience. This early "over the top" style of performance were precursors to what Blair and Howland would be doing with the internationally known W.A.S.P.
He initially played in W.A.S.P. for a short time in 1992. During this time Blair authored a guitar column for Mixx Magazine where he gave instruction and advice on the general subject of guitar playing and guitar instruments which he was known to design. He was also a quick replacement during W.A.S.P.'s Unholy Terror Tour in 2001 on two festival gigs when Chris Holmes left the band. In 2006 he was hired by W.A.S.P. for the third time.
His other current band is Signal2Noise with percussionist/vocalist John Anthony. Their debut album, Fighting Mental Illness, has seven songs: "Generica", "Contrast", "Hear", "Disown", "Out", "Corner" and a bonus acoustic version of "Wall".
From time to time, he also appears as a guest musician at gigs of other artists such as Barbe-Q-Barbies.
In May 2016 Blair announced an upcoming collaboration with American alternative metal vocalist and musician Melissa VanFleet. In October 2017, VanFleet released "Raven," a single featuring Blair on lead guitar.
Music Instrument Inventions
Blair is known for inventing the innovative instrument "GuitarCross" which blend five guitar strings with three bass strings (guitar strings sent to one amplifier, bass strings to another) to make a unique sound. He uses this invention in s2n and also uses a unique 12-string acoustic named "Asia."
Discography
W.A.S.P.
Dominator (2007)
Babylon (2009)
Golgotha (2015)
Re-Idolized (2018)
Other work
Dreams in the Witch House - A Lovecraftian Rock Opera (2013)
"Raven" - Melissa VanFleet (2017)
References
External links
Doug Blair, Interview: "Fighting Mental Illness" February 23, 2013
Official Doug Blair Home Page
Blair's Blade II Guitar
Signal2Noise
1963 births
Living people
American heavy metal guitarists
American male guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug%20Blair |
Claire McCardell (May 24, 1905 – March 22, 1958) was an American fashion designer of ready-to-wear clothing in the twentieth century. She is credited with the creation of American sportswear.
Early life
McCardell was the eldest of four children born to Eleanor and Adrian McCardell in Frederick, Maryland. Adrian was a Maryland state senator and president of the Frederick County National Bank. As a child, McCardell earned the nickname "Kick" for her ability to keep the boys from pushing her around.
Fascinated by fashion from a young age, McCardell wanted to move to New York City to study fashion design at age 16. Unwilling to send a teenager so far away, McCardell's father convinced her to enroll in the home economics program at Hood College instead. After two years of study in Maryland, McCardell moved to New York and enrolled in Parsons (then known as the New York School of Fine and Applied Art). In 1927, McCardell went to Paris, continuing her studies at the Parsons branch school at the Place des Vosges. In Paris, McCardell and her classmates were able to purchase samples by couturiers such as Madeleine Vionnet that they took apart in order to study their structure.
McCardell graduated from Parsons with a certificate in costume design in 1923. After graduation, she worked odd jobs sketching at a fashionable dress shop, painting flowers on paper lamp shades, and acting as a fit model for B. Altman. Then she met designer Robert Turk.
1930s and 1940s
Late in 1930, McCardell began working as an assistant designer for Robert Turk. Soon afterward, Turk moved to a larger company, Townley Frocks, and brought McCardell with him. In 1932, Turk drowned and Claire was asked to finish his fall line.
The 27-year-old chief designer soon traveled to Paris for inspiration, as did most American designers. Not interested in copying European high fashion, McCardell searched for inspiration in art and street fashion. During the 1930s, she began to show innovations such as sashes, spaghetti string ties, and the use of menswear details that would become part of her design signature. In 1938, she modernized the dirndl. She also pioneered matching separates.
In 1938, Claire McCardell introduced the Monastic Dress, a bias-cut tentlike dress. It had no seamed waist and hung loosely, but with a versatile belt it could be adapted to hug a woman's curves gracefully. Best & Co. exclusively sold the dress for $29.95 and it sold out in a day. The "Monastic Dress" was widely copied and the cost of trying to stop knock-offs drove Townley Frocks out of business.
After the closure of Townley Frocks, Hattie Carnegie hired McCardell to work for her famed dressmaking firm, but her designs were not successful with Carnegie's clients, who were in search of more elaborate merchandise. While working for Hattie Carnegie, McCardell met Diana Vreeland (then at Harper's Bazaar). She would become McCardell's lifelong friend and champion. In 1940, just before leaving Carnegie, McCardell attended her last Parisian fashion show, preferring from then on to avoid any French influence on her clothing.
Townley Frocks reopened in 1940 under new management and McCardell returned to the brand. The company's labels then read, "Claire McCardell Clothes by Townley", making her one of the first American designers to have name recognition.
World War II cut American designers off from European inspiration and limited the availability of some materials. McCardell flourished under these restrictions. Although many designers considered them too basic, McCardell already worked with fabrics such as denim, calico, and wool jersey that were easily available during the war. She popularized the ballet flat when, responding to the shortage of leather, McCardell commissioned Capezio to produce a range of ballet flats to match her designs. When the government announced a surplus of weather balloon cotton materials in 1944, McCardell quickly bought them up, using them to design clothes that patriotic American women wore with pride.
In 1941, McCardell produced a line of separates that made nine outfits from five pieces. The pieces included a taffeta skirt, a jersey top, and a jersey jacket. That same year, she showed her first "Kitchen Dinner Dress". Made of cotton, the "Kitchen Dinner Dress" had a full skirt with an attached apron.
In 1942, McCardell created her famed "Popover Dress". It was a response to a Harper's Bazaar challenge to create something fashionable one could wear to clean the house and then, wear to a cocktail party. The simple grey dress came with a matching potholder that fit into the dress pocket. The "Popover Dress" sold for $6.95 and more than 75,000 were sold in the first season alone. These dresses became a staple of McCardell collections and over time, she made versions in different lengths and fabrics. The "Popover Dress" received a citation from the American Fashion Critics Association and in 1943, McCardell won a Coty Award.
Beginning in 1945, McCardell was featured as an "American Look" designer by Lord & Taylor's department store. In 1946, McCardell won the Best Sportswear Designer Award and in 1948 she won the Neiman-Marcus Award.
1950s
As McCardell's fame grew, her influence within Townley also rose. In 1952, she became a partner in the company.
After the war, McCardell worked as a volunteer critic in the fashion design department at Parsons. In 1950, President Harry S. Truman, Bess Truman, and Margaret Truman presented McCardell with a Woman of the Year Award from the Women's National Press Club. This was the award McCardell cherished most.
In April 1953, the Frank Perls Gallery in Beverly Hills launched a retrospective exhibition of twenty years of McCardell's garments. The exhibit included the "Monastic Dress", the "Diaper Bathing Suit", Capezio ballet flats, and work-wear-inspired pieces with rivets. In his introduction to the exhibit, retailer Stanley Marcus wrote, "...she is one of the truly creative designers this country has produced... She is to America what Vionnet was to France."
In 1954, she worked on an advisory panel formed by Time Inc. to create a new magazine that would become Sports Illustrated. She was on the cover of Time's May 2, 1955, issue.
A book entitled What Shall I Wear? The What, Where, When, and How Much of Fashion was published in 1957 under McCardell's name.
Personal life and death
In 1943, McCardell married the Texas-born architect, Irving Drought Harris, who had two children by an earlier marriage, and established a home base in Manhattan.
McCardell’s life and work were cut short by a diagnosis of terminal colon cancer in 1957. With the help of long-time friend and classmate, Mildred Orrick, McCardell completed her final collection from her hospital bed. She checked out of the hospital in order to make the introductions for her final runway show. McCardell died on March 22, 1958, at the age of 52. She is buried in the family plot at Mount Olivet Cemetery, Frederick, Maryland.
After her death, McCardell's family decided to close the label. Her brother explained, "It wasn't that difficult [to close the label]. Claire's ideas were always her own."
Legacy and influence
In 1981, Lord & Taylor re-issued the "Popover Dress" as part of a McCardell retrospective at their Fifth Avenue store in Manhattan. Versions of the "Popover Dress" are held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Rhode Island School of Design, and the Museum at F.I.T. Versions of the "Monastic Dress" are held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art and LACMA.
In 1990, Life named McCardell one of the 100 most important Americans of the twentieth century. A year later, she was inducted into the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame.
In 1998, forty years after her death, three separate retrospectives of Claire McCardell's work were staged at Metropolitan Museum of Art, F.I.T., and the Maryland Historical Society in Baltimore.
Fashion designers such as Isaac Mizrahi, Donna Karan, Calvin Klein, Norma Kamali, and Cynthia Rowley all have been influenced by McCardell. Anna Sui's line of spring-summer 1999 was directly inspired by her work. Of McCardell's work Anna Sui said, "What I truly appreciate was her fabric sensibility, even with more constructed fabrics like denim. She made them all look so soft and drapy. The halters she did were so modern. The thing is, you look at some of the things she did, and you can't believe it was the 40s.''
In 2019, the Frederick Art Club launched the Claire McCardell Project to underwrite the creation and installation of a larger-than-life bronze statue of McCardell in her hometown of Frederick, Maryland. The club commissioned award-winning sculptor Sarah Hempel Irani for this monumental task and, thanks to community support, reached its fundraising goal in less than two years. In October 2021, the statue will be placed on a granite pedestal in an elegant garden setting in Frederick’s Carroll Creek Park.
Characteristics of McCardell designs
1938 Monastic dress - a bias-cut, tent-shaped garment with dolman sleeves, belted with spaghetti ties that wrap multiple times around the waist to create shape
1942 Popover dress - versatile wrap dress with patch pockets and wide dolman sleeves that could be "popped" over other clothes and used as a housedress; also worn as a dressing gown or party dress
Diaper bathing suit - made of light cotton with a panel that wrapped up between the legs, and was secured by thin strings
Streamlined wool bathing suits
Pockets in everything from capris to evening gowns
Ballet slippers as everyday footwear
Trouser pockets and pleats in women's wear
Zippers on the side instead of the back, enabling women to dress without assistance
Revealing sundresses and casual wear
Fabric draping and gathering to accentuate the natural shape of the body
Use of common, natural-fiber fabrics such as cotton, twill, gingham, denim, and jersey in a variety of garments, not just as day wear
Elimination of highly-structured undergarments such as corsets, crinolines, and girdles
Use of rivets and other work clothes fasteners
References
External links
McCardell's page at the New School's website
1955 Time magazine article on McCardell's life and work
1998 New York Times article on McCardell's life, work, and contemporary influence
McCardell's biography from the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame
McCardell's biography from Fashion Encyclopedia
Original McCardell design sketches, from The New School's archives
Extant examples of McCardell's work at the Metropolitan Museum of Art
American Ingenuity: Sportswear 1930s–1970s, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Claire McCardell (see index)
The Claire McCardell Project- Monument to Claire McCardell in Frederick, Maryland.
1905 births
1958 deaths
Parsons School of Design alumni
Hood College alumni
American fashion designers
People from Frederick, Maryland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claire%20McCardell |
Bloodgood is an American Christian metal band.
Bloodgood may also refer to:
Bloodgood, a 1986 album by Bloodgood.
Bloodgood (surname)
A. palmatum 'Bloodgood', a cultivar of Japanese Maple with dark red foliage and stems | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodgood%20%28disambiguation%29 |
The Turkish Red Crescent () is the Turkish affiliate of the International Red Crescent and the first worldwide adopter of the crescent symbol for humanitarian aid.
Being the largest humanitarian foundation in Turkey, its roots goes back to the Crimean War from 1853 to 1856 and the Russo-Turkish War from 1876 to 1878, where disease overshadowed battle as the main cause of death and suffering among Turkish soldiers.
Operating to this day as a not-for-profit volunteer-based social service, it is considered one of the most important charity organizations in the Muslim world.
History
The organization was founded under the Ottoman Empire on 11 June 1868 and was named "Hilâl-i Ahmer Cemiyeti" (Society of the Crimson Crescent), or in French the "Croissant-Rouge Ottomane" (Ottoman Red Crescent).
It later took on the names:
"Ottoman Red Crescent Society" in 1877
"Turkey’s Red Crescent Community" in 1923
"Turkish Red Crescent Community" in 1935
"Turkish Red Crescent Society" in 1947
It was renamed Kızılay by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1935, after the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923.
Beginning with the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), the Turkish Red Crescent Society has provided medical relief to soldiers in all battlefields in which Turkey was present, through mobile and fixed hospitals, patient transportation services, hospital vessels, trained nurses and volunteers. It has provided humanitarian care regardless of nationality to all civilians affected by war. It has been involved in disaster relief and aid in natural disasters in Turkey. It has participated in international relief and response activities.
Examples of disaster relief activities include:
2003 Bam earthquake
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
2005 Kashmir earthquake
2006 Lebanon War
Syrian Civil War
2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake
Activities
Disaster management: Operations in 78 different countries in natural and human related disasters in the last 10 years
Blood donations provided through 17 Regional Blood Centers, 65 Blood Donation Centers with more than 150 mobile blood donation vehicles Kinik, the head of the Turkish Red Crescent, said "Nearly 2.4 million people have donated blood to the Red Crescent in 2017, and there were 274,000 stem cell donations."
International aid
Health care: Hospitals in Konya, Kayseri and medical centers throughout Turkey
First aid: 33 First aid centers throughout Turkey providing healthcare and first aid instruction. First aid training provided to a total of 100,000 people
Immigration and Refugee Services: Assists the relevant public authorities in meeting the needs of refugees in Turkey, including shelter, health, and education. Runs 23 camps for the Refugees of the Syrian Civil War
Youth & Educational Services: Projects aimed at youth to increase community awareness regarding disasters. Provides scholarships and runs youth camps
Nuclear weapons: During and after the treaty on the prohibition of nuclear weapons the Turkish Red Crescent was an advocate, urging states to eliminate nuclear weapons
Operations overseas: The Turkish Red Crescent now has permanent representatives in Somalia, Iraq, Palestine, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Yemen in order to lend a helping hand to the vulnerable people of those war- torn countries.
Partnerships
Partnership with Qatar Charity
The Turkish Red Crescent has recently begun to partner with Qatar Charity (QC) on various humanitarian projects.
In December 2016, the Turkish Red Crescent together with QC made a $10 million deal with the Turkish government to provide services for Syrian refugees in Turkey over the next five years. Kerem Kinik, head of the organization added "We have common areas of interest such as Palestine, Iraq and Somalia... this collaboration is just a beginning".
In June 2016, the organization and QC provided aid to victims of flooding and violence in Beledweyne, Somalia. Somalia has lost much of its rural areas to al-Shabaab, a terrorist organization with links to al-Qaeda that consistently carries out attacks throughout the country.
Partnership with Turkish government
Following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, the Turkish Red Crescent backed the Turkish government, sending a letter to hundreds of international aid organizations and NGOs, including to organizations of the United Nations and Red Crescents in 191 total countries. Like the government, the Turkish Red Crescent blamed the Gülen movement (which the government of Turkey considers a terrorist organization) for the coup attempt.
Global Gathering
In November 6–11, 2017, the International Red Cross and the Turkish Red Crescent movement brought together 190 national Red Cross and Red Crescent societies. Some major issues they discussed were: migration where they addressed prioritizing safety and assistance, nuclear weapons where they were working towards their elimination, and health where they addressed mental health and psycho social needs. Other issues included the need to involve affected people in relief and recovery efforts; the use of explosive weapons in popular areas; and the looming threat of epidemics and pandemics.
Gallery
See also
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
References
External links
Turkish Red Crescent official website
Red Cross and Red Crescent national societies
Organizations established in 1868
Organizations based in Ankara
1868 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
Medical and health organizations based in Turkey
Emergency medical services in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish%20Red%20Crescent |
The Royal Canadian Henley Regatta started in 1880 as the first championship for the newly formed Canadian Amateur Rowing Association.
History
It changed venues often until 1903, when it was decided to hold it at St. Catharines Port Dalhousie's Martindale Pond hosted by the St. Catharines Rowing Club permanently.
Originally the race was 1 mile 550 yards long (2112m), the same distance as the Henley Royal Regatta in England at the time. The pond was an ideal location because the level of the water could be controlled. Wooden grandstands were built, and in 1947, women raced for the first time.
In 1964, the distance was changed to 2000 metres, the current standard distance for international competition. The facilities were completely redone in 1966, and in 1972, women's races became a permanent, rather than exhibition event. In 1999, the facilities were again upgraded for the 1999 World Rowing Championships.
The Royal Canadian Henley Regatta has welcomed many famous spectators, including Grace Kelly, former Prime Minister The Right Honourable Pierre Elliott Trudeau and former Prime Minister The Right Honourable Jean Chrétien.
The Ontario Heritage Trust erected a plaque honouring the Royal Canadian Henley Regatta at the entrance to the Henley Regatta Course Grandstand, Main Street, St. Catharines. "Competitive rowing became popular in Canada in the 1860s, and in 1880 the first Royal Canadian Henley Regatta for international oarsmen was held in Toronto. In 1903, a section of the old Welland Canal at Port Dalhousie was chosen as the permanent site for this popular sporting competition."
See also
List of Canadian organizations with royal patronage
CSSRA rowing: High School Rowing at the Royal Canadian Henley Course
Royal Canadian Henley Rowing Course
References
External links
Official Site
Historic images Niagara Falls Public Library (Ont.)
Rowing competitions in Canada
Annual sporting events in Canada
Recurring sporting events established in 1880
1880 establishments in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Canadian%20Henley%20Regatta |
Alvin Johnson may refer to:
Alvin J. Johnson (1827–1884), American publisher
Alvin Saunders Johnson (1874–1971), American economist
Al "Carnival Time" Johnson (Alvin Lee Johnson, born 1939), American singer and piano player
Alvin Johnson (serial killer) (born 1941), American serial killer
See also
Alvin M. Johnston (1914–1998), test pilot
Al Johnson (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin%20Johnson |
The Amherst Ramblers are a Junior A Hockey League team based in Amherst, Nova Scotia. The team is a member of the Maritime Hockey League and are in the EastLink South Division. All home games are played out of the 2,500 seat Amherst Stadium. The season usually runs from mid-September to mid March every year.
History
The Amherst Ramblers were founded in 1966 as the Berwick Shell Junior Bruins, and were founding members of the "Metro Valley Junior Hockey League". The league, then a junior B league, was eventually renamed the Maritime Junior A Hockey League. In 1967 the Bruins were relocated to Amherst and renamed the Amherst Ramblers.
The Ramblers have been known by two different names since moving to Amherst. Between 1994 and 1998 the team was known as the Moosheads. The logo consisted of a large letter "A" and the moose from Moosehead beer - similar in design to the current Halifax Mooseheads logo.
The Ramblers are known to draw some of the largest crowds in the Maritime Hockey League, and have placed third in average attendance the last few years, only behind the Yarmouth Mariners and the Weeks Crushers.
The Ramblers hosted the Centennial Cup (now known as Royal Bank Cup) in 1993, and they also hosted the Fred Page Cup in 2019.
Season-by-season record
Fred Page Cup
The Ramblers competed in their 1st ever Fred Page Cup in 2019. They came 3rd.
Eastern Canada Championships
MHL - QAAAJHL - CCHL - Host
Round robin play with 2nd vs 3rd in semi-final to advance against 1st in the finals.
Notable alumni
Bill Riley
Mal Davis
Joey MacDonald
Bill Chapman
Mark Lee
Keith Blenkhorn
Zack MacEwen
See also
List of ice hockey teams in Nova Scotia
External links
Amherst Ramblers
Maritime Junior A Hockey League
Maritime Junior Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Nova Scotia
Amherst, Nova Scotia
1966 establishments in Nova Scotia
Ice hockey clubs established in 1966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amherst%20Ramblers |
Laura Secord s.e.c is a Canadian chocolatier, confectionery, and ice cream company. It is owned by Jean Leclerc of Quebec City, who owns Nutriart, a company devoted to chocolate production. Nutriart is a former division of Biscuits Leclerc.
History
Founding
The company was founded in 1913 by Frank P. O'Connor with its first store on Yonge Street in Toronto, Ontario.
He chose the name to honour the Canadian heroine Laura Secord. In 1813, Secord, pioneer wife and mother of seven children, made a dangerous 19-mile (30-km) journey on foot to warn Lieutenant James FitzGibbon of a planned American attack. Her bravery contributed to victory at the Battle of Beaver Dams.
In 1919 O'Connor founded the Fanny Farmer Candy Stores in the US, appropriating the name and highly esteemed reputation of American culinary expert Fannie Farmer, who had absolutely no relationship to his company.
Ownership changes
In 1969, Laura Secord was sold by the O'Connor family to John Labatt Limited. In 1983 it was acquired by British-owned Rowntree Mackintosh Confectionery of York, England. Its successor, Nestlé's Canadian unit, sold it in 1998 to Archibald Candy Corporation of Chicago, which then sold it to Gordon Brothers LLC of Boston in 2004. In 2004, there were 174 outlets throughout the country and a staff of 1,600.
In 2010 Jean and Jacques Leclerc of Quebec purchased the company.
Today
, the LeClercs still own the business, which has been reduced to 100 retail outlets offering some 400 products. It has offices in Mississauga, Ontario, and Quebec City, Quebec, and offers online purchase and shipping to Canada and the U.S..
References
External links
Rowntree's brands
Canadian chocolate companies
Retail companies established in 1913
Companies based in Mississauga
Ice cream brands
Ice cream parlors
1913 establishments in Ontario
Food and drink companies established in 1913
Confectionery stores
Canadian companies established in 1913 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura%20Secord%20Chocolates |
Duel () is a 2004 Iranian war drama film It was directed by Ahmad Reza Darvish, who was mostly known for films about the Iran–Iraq War. Duel was shot in roughly 11 months in various cities of Iran. The first screening was at the Fajr International Film Festival, in 2004, where it won 8 Crystal Simorgh Award. Also, it is the first Iranian Movie to use Dolby Digital Sound. It is one of the most expensive independent movies ever made in Iranian cinema history.
Plot
Zeinal, an Iranian soldier who has been a prisoner of war for more than 20 years, returns only to see that he has been deemed a traitor. The story revolves around Zeinal and Eskanadar who both are looking for a chest containing several important documents.
Cast
Pejman Bazeghi as Zeinal
Saeed Rad as Eskandar
Parivash Nazarieh as Salimeh
Parviz Parastui as Yousef
Hedieh Tehrani as Hanieh
Kambiz Dirbaz as Yahya
Anoushirvan Arjmand as Latif
Vahid Rahbani as Esmail
Mehdi Saki as Assad
Abolfazl Shah Karam as Mansour
Ali Mardaneh as Ghasem
Nasrin Seaghat
Hossein Saharkhiz
Mohammad Ranjbar
Rahman Bagherian
Tooraj Faramarzian
Shirin Dejagah
Abdolhossein Tosheh
Hossein Afshar
Mohammad Afravi
Arash Sarban
Sudabeh Alipour
Ahmad Sarafraz
Hossein Majdzadeh
Abbas Asakereh
Reception
Variety: An invigorating men-in-war movie, with an almost "Three Kings"-like flavor, Iranian action-drama "The Duel" will come as a pleasant surprise to auds sated by either peasant dramas or arty, metaphorical fare from the region. Punchily directed by Ahmad Reza Darvish, with a real sense of the smoke, noise and chaos of battle, this smart, well-played drama deserves wider recognition through the festival circuit as an example of quality commercial cinema from Iran. Ethnic-centered webs should also take note.
Award
Won Crystal Simorgh for Best Director Ahmad Reza Darvish – Fajr International Film Festival 2004
Won Crystal Simorgh for Best Cinematography Bahram Badakshani – Fajr International Film Festival 2004
Won Crystal Simorgh for Best Editor Mostafa Kherghehpoush – Fajr International Film Festival 2004
Won Crystal Simorgh for Best Set & Costume Design Amir Esbati – Fajr International Film Festival 2004
Won Crystal Simorgh for Best Sound Mix Hamid Naghibi – Fajr International Film Festival 2004
Won Crystal Simorgh for Best Sound Mix Masoud Behnam – Fajr International Film Festival 2004
Won Crystal Simorgh for Best Special Effects Mohsen Rouzbahani – Fajr International Film Festival 2004
Won Crystal Simorgh for Best Sound Mix Frédéric Le Louet – Fajr International Film Festival 2004
Won Crystal Simorgh Kambiz Dirbaz for Best Supporting Actor – Fajr International Film Festival 2004
Won Special Award for Best Director Ahmad Reza Darvish – Moghavemat International Film Festival 2004
Won Five Award for Best Sound Mix, Best Edit, Best Special Effects and Best Costume Design in House of Cinema 2004
Won Special Jury Award for Best Director Ahmad Reza Darvish – Busan International Film Festival 2004
Music
Music duel movie made by Majid Entezami, is That Including 20 Track. Have a different Entezami Album vestigial with Kamancheh, Bagpipes, Horn, Trombone, Ney and Trumpet in Choir.
Track listing
References
External links
All In One Boat
The New York Times
The Independent Critic
Film | Variety
All Top Action Movies
2004 films
Iran–Iraq War films
2000s war drama films
2000s Persian-language films
Iranian war drama films
Films whose director won the Best Directing Crystal Simorgh
2004 drama films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duel%20%282004%20film%29 |
The 57th Writers Guild of America Awards, given on February 19, 2005, honored the film and television best writers of 2004.
Winners and nominees
Film
Adapted Screenplay
Sideways - Alexander Payne and Jim Taylor
Before Sunset - Richard Linklater, Julie Delpy, Ethan Hawke and Kim Krizan
Mean Girls - Tina Fey
Million Dollar Baby - Paul Haggis
The Motorcycle Diaries (Diarios de motocicleta) - José Rivera
Original Screenplay
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind - Pierre Bismuth, Michel Gondry and Charlie Kaufman
The Aviator - John Logan
Garden State - Zach Braff
Hotel Rwanda - Keir Pearson and Terry George
Kinsey - Bill Condon
Documentary Screenplay
Super Size Me - Morgan Spurlock
Bright Leaves - Ross McElwee
Control Room - Julia Bacha and Jehane Noujaim
Home of the Brave - Paola di Florio
The Hunting of the President - Harry Thomason and Nickolas Perry
In the Realms of the Unreal - Jessica Yu
Television
Best Episodic Drama
"The Supremes" - The West Wing - Debora Cahn
"Falling Into Place" - Six Feet Under - Craig Wright
"Long Term Parking" - The Sopranos - Terence Winter
"Memorial Day" - The West Wing - John Sacret Young and Josh Singer
Best Episodic Comedy
"Pier Pressure" - Arrested Development - James Vallely and Mitch Hurwitz
"Ida's Boyfriend" - Malcolm in the Middle - Neil Thompson
"Splat!" - Sex and the City - Jenny Bicks and Cindy Chupack
"The Ick Factor" - Sex and the City - Julie Rottenberg and Elisa Zuritsky
"Pilot" - Wonderfalls - Bryan Fuller and Todd Holland
Best Animation Screenplay:
The Simpsons - "Catch 'Em If You Can"
Best Daytime Serial:
The Guiding Light
References
WGA - Previous award winners
2004
2004 film awards
2004 guild awards
2004 television awards
Writ
2004 in American cinema
2004 in American television
February 2005 events in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/57th%20Writers%20Guild%20of%20America%20Awards |
"C4C" is an abbreviation that can stand for:
Cadet Fourth Class, the rank of a cadet in his first (freshman) year at the United States Air Force Academy
Campaigners for Christ, a parachurch organization
Cancer 4 Cure, the third full-length studio album by El-P, released on Fat Possum Records May 22, 2012.
Cash for Clunkers, a colloquial name for the Car Allowance Rebate System program in the US
Cause 4 Concern, a drum and bass recording and production group
Challoner's for Charity, a student group from Dr Challoners Grammar School, Buckinghamshire who organise charity events in school to raise money for a variety of charities.
Channel Four Television Corporation, operator of the UK public-service television channel: Channel 4
Sid Meier's Civilization IV: Colonization, a 2008 PC game made by 2K Games and an installment in the Civilization series. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4C |
Friedrich W. Rainer (28 July 1903 – November 1950) was an Austrian Nazi politician, Gauleiter as well as a Reichsstatthalter of Salzburg and Carinthia. He is the only Austrian governor who has ever held the same office in two separate states.
Personal background
Rainer was a native of Sankt Veit an der Glan in Carinthia, the son of a German nationalist vocational teacher at a municipal Bürgerschule (secondary school). His father, Norbert, was a member of the German Democratic Party (Deutsche Demokratische Partei/DDP), and later the Greater German People's Party (Großdeutsche Volkspartei/GDVP). He attended the Realgymnasium in Klagenfurt and, having obtained his Matura degree, studied law at the University of Graz while he earned his living by working in a local banking institution or in general labour. After successfully completing his law examination, Rainer began working in a notary's office and completed his doctorate in 1926. From 1931 he worked as a notary public in Klagenfurt. He married Ada Pflüger on 21 May 1932. The couple had five children: three daughters and two sons.
Political involvement
Beginning in high-school, Rainer had been a member of right-wing organizations in Sankt Veit. He also participated in the armed Austro-Slovene conflict in Carinthia. Prior to his graduation from law school in Graz, he joined the Austrian SA in 1923 and joined a Burschenschaft student fraternity. In October 1930, Rainer joined the Nazi Party establishing the local branch in Sankt Veit. A close friend of Odilo Globocnik, he joined the Austrian SS at the end of 1933.
That same year he took up a post at the office of Nazi Gauleiter Hubert Klausner in Klagenfurt. As the Nazi Party had been banned by the Austrian government under Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in 1933, Rainer was in August 1935 sentenced to one year in police custody, presumably for high treason. He was released early for good behaviour the following March, nevertheless like Klausner and his deputy Globocnik he had to step down from his administrative role in the party, transferring sole leadership to the rival Austrian Nazi leader Josef Leopold. As Leopold soon fell out of favour with Adolf Hitler, Rainer was in May 1936 again assigned to the Nazi Party's provincial body in Carinthia.
Gauleiter and Reich Governor
In the course of the Austrian Anschluss to Nazi Germany on 13 March 1938, Rainer was recruited to serve as the organizational staff leader in the office of Josef Bürckel, the Reichskommissar responsible for the annexation of the Austrian lands. On 22 May 1938, Rainer was personally appointed by Hitler as Gauleiter of the Nazi Party in the Reichsgau Salzburg. Upon the 1938 elections, he also was elected a member of the Reichstag in Berlin.
When World War II broke out, Rainer was appointed as Reich Defense Commissioner of Wehrkreis (Military District) XVIII, headquartered in Salzburg, which comprised his Reichsgau along with Reichsgau Carinthia, Reichsgau Styria and Reichsgau Tirol-Vorarlberg. This gave him control of civil defense matters over a very large area. On 15 March 1940, he was additionally appointed as the Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) of Salzburg, thus uniting under his control the highest party and governmental offices in his jurisdiction. Rainer remained in these offices at Salzburg until 27 November 1941, when he was succeeded by Gustav Adolf Scheel.
On 27 November 1941, Rainer was appointed as the Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter of Reichsgau Carinthia, which also involved ruling over the adjacent occupied Yugoslavian territories in Upper Carniola. On 16 November 1942, Rainer was made Reich Defense Commissioner of Carinthia. On 21 June 1943 he was promoted to SS–Obergruppenführer. After Italy abandoned its German ally on 8 September 1943, Rainer took over the Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral as High Commissioner. This act established him as the chief of the civil administration in the Italian region of Friuli, as well as in Yugoslavian Istria and Inner Carniola.
Sentencing and death
On 7 May 1945, eight days after Hitler's suicide, Rainer transferred his official functions to an executive board and fled to the mountainous area around the Weißensee lake in Carinthia. After being given leads by the local population, British occupation troops arrested Rainer and transferred him to Nuremberg Prison in October 1945. On 12/13 June 1946, he appeared at the Nuremberg Trials as a defence witness for the former Austrian chancellor Dr Arthur Seyss-Inquart.
On 13 March 1947, Rainer was extradited to Yugoslavia. Here he wrote an 80-page work on the Nürnberg Trials for Yugoslav authorities. On 10 July 1947, he was brought before a military court of the Yugoslav 4th Army at Ljubljana. He was found guilty of crimes against the people and sentenced to death by hanging on 19 July 1947. His widow received a death certificate from Yugoslavia after the war, which showed that same date. For decades afterward, the date of his execution was unknown and could only be speculated. In 2010, documentation came to light in the Slovenian National Archives in Ljubljana which may well have answered the question. An entry in the diary of Boris Kraigher, former interior minister in Slovenia, indicates that Dr Rainer was executed with a number of other prisoners in late November 1950. He would have been 47 years old if this is correct. The long delay in Rainer's execution is reportedly due to Tito's secret police having utilized him as an informant. Upwards of 3,000 pages of his words, written from the Summer of 1947 through late 1949, and probably into 1950, have been deposited in the Slovenian National Archives.
Published works
Rainer, Friedrich. On Brecht and Eisenstein, New York: Telos Press, issue 31, 1977.
Rainer, Friedrich. My Internment and Testimony at the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial, Edwin Mellen Press Ltd; illustrated edition, 2006;
Awards and decorations
Degen (SS), 01.12.1938
Anschluss Medal, c.1938
Golden Party Badge, 30.01.1939
Sudetenland Medal, c.1939
Honour Chevron for the Old Guard
SS-Ehrenring, 30.01.1942
War Merit Cross 2nd Class Without Swords
War Merit Cross 1st Class Without Swords
Nazi Party Long Service Award in Bronze
Nazi Party Long Service Award in Silver
Order of Civil Merit (Bulgaria) 2nd Class
Golden Hitler Youth Badge with Oak Leaves
Notes
References
René Moehrle, Judenverfolgung in Triest während Faschismus und Nationalsozialismus 1922–1945, Berlin 2014; , S. 305–460.
External links
Friedrich Rainer and Odilo Globocnik at Holocaust Education Archive & Reserarch Team (H.E.A.R.T)
1903 births
1950 deaths
Austrian people executed abroad
Executed Austrian Nazis
Gauleiters
Governors of Carinthia (state)
Governors of Salzburg (state)
Lawyers in the Nazi Party
Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany
Nazi Party politicians
Nazis executed by Yugoslavia by hanging
People extradited from Germany
People extradited to Yugoslavia
People from the Duchy of Carinthia
People from Sankt Veit an der Glan
SS-Obergruppenführer
Sturmabteilung officers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Rainer |
Inside the Electric Circus is the third studio album by heavy metal band W.A.S.P., released in October 1986 through Capitol Records; a remastered edition featuring two bonus tracks was reissued in 1997 through Snapper Music. The album is the band's first to feature singer and bandleader Blackie Lawless playing guitar, having switched from bass to rhythm guitar. It reached No. 60 on the US Billboard 200 chart, where it remained for 19 weeks.
Critical reception
Greg Prato at AllMusic gave Inside The Electric Circus three stars out of five, calling it "[an attempt] to grow musically with each successive release". Canadian journalist Martin Popoff considered the album "slightly more simplified and hard rock-based" than previous works and reminded in his review how Lawless "in retrospect considered this record a failure."
Lawless himself has been critical of Inside The Electric Circus, going as far as to name it his least favorite W.A.S.P. album, calling it a "tired record done by a tired band".
Track listing
Personnel
W.A.S.P.
Blackie Lawless – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, producer
Chris Holmes – lead guitar
Johnny Rod – bass, background vocals
Steve Riley – drums, background vocals
Production
Duane Baron, Alex Woltman – engineers
Hans Peter Huber, Kevin Lehue – additional engineering
Michael Wagener, Garth Richardson – mixing
George Marino – mastering at Sterling Sound, New York
Charts
Album
Singles
References
W.A.S.P. albums
1986 albums
Capitol Records albums
Albums produced by Blackie Lawless | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inside%20the%20Electric%20Circus |
Penguicon is a convention in southeastern Michigan designed originally to mix the communities of the science fiction fandom and Linux user groups. In addition to educational panels on science fiction in the media, attendees participate in professional and beginner-level panels on Linux and open-source software. Penguicon takes its name both from a Monty Python sketch and from Tux, the penguin mascot of Linux.
Penguicon is held in the spring in the Detroit, Michigan metropolitan area. The venue, a hotel, has changed from year to year, but since 2014 the event has been held at the Westin Southfield Hotel in Southfield, Michigan.
Since its founding, Penguicon has expanded its focus to include panels and events for foodies, cosplay, filk music (the folk music of science fiction fandom), gaming, and makerspaces. Penguicon has been described as a place where "hackers, makers, foodies, open source software junkies, anime buffs, and science fiction fans of all ages and backgrounds come together in a hotel for a weekend and totally blow the roof off."
Along with the panels, the convention has hosted Artemis spaceship bridge simulations, biohacking presentations, retrogaming rooms, and a life-size Operation game board.
Working alongside local makerspaces i3Detroit and All Hands Active, Penguicon has offered instruction in learning to solder electronic components, which allowed attendees to create their own LED badges.
Over a thousand participants have attended past conventions, which have featured Guests of Honor from Neil Gaiman and John Scalzi to Jon "maddog" Hall and Eric S. Raymond.
Recent events
For the 2014 convention, the Penguicon tech track's focus was on privacy and cryptography. Guests of Honor included Ernie Cline, author of Ready Player One; and Eva Galperin of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
Philanthropy
Penguicon was listed as a Guardian of Wildlife at the Detroit Zoo in 2013 for donating to symbolically adopt a penguin.
In 2013, Penguicon listed the New Beginnings Animal Rescue as their official charity, and Penguicon members donated $700 and 123 pounds of food during the convention weekend.
Penguicon was also a sponsor of MHacks III, a weekend-long hackathon held in Detroit in January 2014.
The organization Enabling the Future, which constructs 3D printed prosthetic hands for those in need, was Penguicon's 2015 Hack of Honor and official sponsored charity. Along with collecting donations, Penguicon worked with Enabling the Future and community members to 3D print limbs leading up to and during the 2015 convention.
Featured guests
Every year, Penguicon invites a dozen or more people (authors, hackers, and entertainers) who are not full Guests of Honor, but are celebrities in their own right, and calls them Featured Guests (formerly "Nifty Guests"). They also invite former Guests of Honor as "Guest of Honor Emeritus". In 2010, this included author Jim C. Hines, musician Tom Smith, and open source advocate Eric S. Raymond.
Wil Wheaton's cancellations
Penguicon has invited Wil Wheaton as a guest of honor multiple times, but he has had to cancel each time. In 2009, Wheaton had to cancel the morning of the convention and wrote an apology letter which was read aloud at Opening Ceremonies.
Tron Guy
Jay Maynard debuted his self-made electroluminescent Tron Guy costume at Penguicon in 2004. After submitting photos of himself to Slashdot, he appeared in costume on Jimmy Kimmel Live. He has also been on America's Got Talent and a commercial for Duck Brand duct tape. Maynard says he "hasn't missed a Penguicon, and doesn't intend to."
List of Guests of Honor
In the media
A Science Channel show, Outrageous Acts of Science, replayed a video from Penguicon 2006 in which Nifty Guest Howard Tayler recorded attendees dumping the remains of a dewar of liquid nitrogen into the hotel swimming pool. In 2010, Howard Tayler returned to Penguicon as a Guest of Honor and hosted a second video involving liquid nitrogen and the hotel swimming pool.
See also
Science fiction convention
References
External links
Penguicon Website
Penguicon Facebook community
EncycloPenguicon
Computer clubs
Linux conferences
Science fiction conventions in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguicon |
is a live-action Japanese–American TV series. The third entry of the Super Sentai series franchise, Battle Fever J was a co-production of Toei Company and Marvel Comics. A total of 52 episodes aired on TV Asahi from February 3, 1979, to January 26, 1980, following J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai and being followed by Denshi Sentai Denjiman.
The team have codenames named for countries around the world, also respectively named in their theme song: Battle France, Battle Cossack (Soviet Union), Battle Kenya, Miss America (United States) and Battle Japan. It marks the first appearance of a Black Ranger in the franchise. It was also the first series in the Super Sentai franchise where the heroes must control giant robots to defeat a monster who itself has grown to a gigantic size. Toei's tokusatsu adaptation of Spider-Man was the first to introduce this format and was also the inspiration for this and the subsequent entries in the Super Sentai series. The series was also partially inspired by the Marvel Comics character Captain America.
Battle Fever J was the first series to use the term Super Sentai (unlike the previous two who were just called Sentai, without the “Super”) until Toei announced in 1995 that its predecessors Himitsu Sentai Gorenger and J.A.K.Q. Dengekitai were also part of the Super Sentai series, when Chouriki Sentai Ohranger was announced as the 19th Super Sentai team.
Plot
General Kurama assembles four young agents who had been dispatched around the world for training. They are joined by FBI investigator Diane Martin, whose father was murdered by Egos. The five don powered suits to become the Battle Fever Squad. The Battle Fever Squad's trump card is the Battle Fever Robo. Egos tries to stop the construction of the Robot, but the monsters they send to perform this task are defeated one by one by the Battle Fever Squad. Egos then unleashes the "younger brother" of the Buffalo Monster, a giant robot replica of its "older brother". The Robot, fortunately, is finished in time. Aboard it, the Battle Fever Squad defeats the Buffalo Monster and its successors. The Battle Fever Squad never stops, even when it lost two of its members (the original Miss America and Battle Cossack). With new members, the team defeats Hedder, now the Hedder Monster, and breaks into Egos' headquarters, where they are fed into the Egos Monster Making Machine so that they may be used as material for a Battle Fever Monster. The team destroys the machine and slays the mysterious deity Satan Egos himself with the Lightning Sword Rocketter sword-throwing move.
Characters
Battle Fever Squad
The is unique among Super Sentai shows in that, originally, they did not "transform" into their costumes (as in the previous two series, Gorenger and JAKQ), instead they resorted to an unseen costume change. In most episodes, however, the members yell "Fever!" and spin around to transform although in episode 24 it is revealed they can store their costumes in their Battleceivers.
/ : A former National Defense Ministry officer. He is good at judo and karate. He is armed with a spear. During the team's roll call, he performs a martial arts-inspired dance. 21 years after Battle Fever J ended, Battle Japan appeared as one of the 24 Red Rangers in Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger vs. Super Sentai, introduced by Liveman Red Falcon to inspire the current team.
: Unofficially the first Orange Warrior moniker in Super Sentai history who wielded twin sais.
(1-33): He was good at science as well as war. During the team's roll call, he performed a traditional Soviet dance. He was the original second in command of the team. In episode 33, he left the Big Baser without his Battle Cossack uniform and was fatally shot by a troop of Cutmen, attempting to save a little girl named Mayumi from Egos' forces. He loved to play Pachinko and enjoyed eating caviar.
(33-52): A silent cowboy. A man of action, not words. A scientist who trained in the Defense Ministry along with Kensaku. He joined Battle Fever to avenge the death of his friend. Makoto is an expert marksman. He is a loner, preferring to go off by himself. Makoto plays a trumpet to distract Egos.
/ : He received his combat training while in France. He became the new second in command of the team after Kensaku's death. He is normally a beautician, a dandy and playboy. He enjoys eating escargot. He is armed with a rapier sword. During the team's roll call, he performs a flamenco dance.
/ : Unofficially the first Black Warrior in Super Sentai history. He received his combat training while in Kenya. He is a wild child who can talk to animals. He is armed with a whip. During the team's roll call, he performs a tribal dance. He eats just about anything. The smell of his cooking is not appreciated by the other team members. Shirou later appeared in Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger. He is also thematically similar to the Marvel superhero Black Panther.
: The pink-colored moniker who is armed with throwing knives. During the team's roll call, she performs a disco dance.
(1-24): An FBI agent who joined the Battle Fever Squad to avenge her father Bosner, who was slain by Egos. In episode 24, after she was wounded by the Dracula Monster, she returned to the United States. Diane has a sister named Catherine.
(24-52): An FBI agent trained by Diane Martin's father. When Diane was injured, Maria took her place as Miss America and then stayed on permanently when Diane decided to return to the United States.
Gear
: The Battle Fever Squad's communication device, in Episode 24 it is revealed that the Battle Fever suits can be stored inside.
: The Battle Fever Squad's standard issue weapon. It transforms into the Battle Fever Squad's assigned weapons. Forms the bazooka or boomerang.
Vehicles
: Stock green Mazda RX-7 used by Battle Japan and Miss America.
: The motorcycles used by the rest of the BFS. In episode 35, Miss America rode Battle France's motorcycle.
Mecha
: The Battle Fever Squad's box-like undersea headquarters. It can move from place to place under the sea.
: A submarine-like mecha carrier. Splits in half to launch the Battle Fever Robo and stores all of its weaponry.
: Resembling a samurai, this the first mega-robot in Super Sentai history. It has a variety of weapons:
: Samurai-type sword with scabbard. On the grip are the letters "ACFKJ" (America, Cossack, France, Kenya, Japan).
: The Battle Fever Robo's primary finisher.
: The auxiliary finisher using the robot's total energy. It was used to kill Hedder Monster.
: The auxiliary finisher used to kill Satan Egos in the final battle.
: The throwing daggers stored in sheaths attached to the robot's legs. It was used in the attack.
: The hatchet.
: The chains stored in the robot's arms.
: A spear.
: A trident. It can be used in conjunction with either Chain Crusher.
: A shakujo. It was used in Episode 24 to fight the Dracula Robot.
: A defense tool. It can withstand 28,000 tons of pressure.
: Knuckle dusters.
: The robot can attack using its detached horns.
: The cannons stored inside the robot's lower legs.
Allies
: The chief of the special science office of the National Defense Ministry who established the Battle Fever Squad. He is a master of traditional Japanese swordsmanship.
: One of the operatives that runs Big Baser.
: The other operative that runs Big Baser.
: Keiko's little brother.
: Tomoko's little sister. Was used by Egos in episode 27 to find Battle Fever's base.
: Robot mynah bird built by Tetsuzan as a present. Often had insight into the situation. Revealed in episode 51 to have a freezing ray built in.
Society Egos
is a religion of mad egocentrists who intend to plunge the world into chaos.
: The mysterious head, entirely draped in black. He creates the Egos Monster's inside the Egos heart, calling them "My beloved Children". They call him "Father". He is ultimately slain by the Lightning Sword Rocketter.
(1–51): The high priest of Egos. He later becomes the Hedder Monster after his death at the hands of Kurama and is slain a second time as such by the Battle Fever J's new attack, Battle Fever Power.
(19–52): An Egos American branch officer who came to Japan to aid Hedder with her super strength. She is responsible for all the assassinations in America. She allowed herself to be captured by Battle Fever after attacking and replacing several policemen with disguised cutmen, with whom she stole a billion yen to give to Egos. She believes she is taken to the Battle Fever Base, but in reality she is taken to a warehouse. She carries a hand mirror with a tracker in it, which she uses to fire solar beams or to bludgeon people. She was killed in the collapsing castle as Satan Egos fled. Her last words were begging Egos to help her.
: The foot soldiers in grey and black armed with MP40 machine guns.
Episodes
Movie
There was a theatrical release of Battle Fever J, released as part of the Toei Manga Matsuri on July 29, 1979. It was a blown up version of Episode 5 "Robot Big Dogfight". Interestingly though, this theatrical version did not appear on Toei's Super Sentai Movie compilation DVD's, but it did make its way onto Toei's Tokusatsu Hero The Movie DVD series, being featured on Volume 5 of that collection.
Cast
Masao Den:
Kensaku Shiraishi:
Makoto Jin:
Kyosuke Shida:
Shiro Akebono:
Diane Martin:
Diane Martin (voice): (Episodes 1-14 & 17-24) / (Episodes 15 & 16)
Maria Nagisa:
General Tetsuzan Kurama:
Keiko Nakahara:
Masaru Nakahara:
Tomoko Ueno:
Yuki Ueno:
Akio Hamamura:
Shigeo Aoki:
Kyutaro (voice):
Commander Hedder: (Episodes 1, 3, 5 & 7) / (Episodes 4, 6 & 8-51)
Salome: (Episodes 19-52)
Satan Egos (voice):
Narrator:
Guest stars
Boiser Martin (Diane's father) (1 & 24): David Friedman
Fake Diane Martin (Umbrella Monster's Human Form) (1)/Ayoko Ichijoji (52): Eri Kanuma
Hikaru Amano (2): Maki Tachibana
Miyoko Akiyama (2): Sumiko Kakizaki
Hidemi (2): Ako Kami
Editor In Chief Azuma / Death Mask Monster (3): Machiko Soga
Member Of Scientific Journal (3): Kenzo Arai
Bengal Tiger / Psychocinesis Monster (4): Masashi Ishibashi
Sambo Segawa (4): Teiji Omiwa
Sagaguchi Family (5)
Director Sakaguchi: Nobuyuki Katsube
Yoko Sakaguchi: Yukiko Ebina
Kenichi Sakaguci: Yoichi Hirose
Ken (6): Seiichi Ando
Hideo Toyota (7): Minoru Takeuchi
Nurse (7): Ritsuko Fujiyama
Fireman (7): Satoshi Kurihara
Policeman (7): Toshimichi Takahashi
Dr. Yoneyama (8): Yoshikazu Sugi
Koji Matsui (8): Kazuhito Ando
Katayama Family (9)
Shinichiro Katayama: Shun Domon
Mitsuko Katayama: Junko Mihara
Master Of Dealer Gun (9): Koji Sekiyama
Teacher Moriyama (10): Kei Sunaga
Teacher (11): Junko Asashina
Xinyi Fukuda (11): Nobuyoshi Fukuda
Junko Nogata / Rosalinka Monster (12): Mariko Jun
Suzumoto Family (13)
Yuzo Suzumoto: Masaya Taki
Yaeko Suzumoto: Ai Komachi
Yuichi Suzumoto: Masami Zaizen
Yuichi's Sister: Tsuneko Kikuchi
Rumi (13): Akemi Watanabe
Yohei Oyama (14): Hiroshi Kusajiki
Mizusawa Family (14)
Kumiko Mizusawa: Rika Miura
Miyoko Mizusawa: Michiyo Sato
Cuttman (14): Hiro Kawarazaki
Catherine (15): Tomomi Umeda
Raita (15): Mirai Takeshi Sekiguchi
Black Tiger Mari (16): Mitchi Love
Mitsuru Okiyama (16): Naoya Uchida
Black Snake (16): Jaguar Yokota (as Rimi Yokota)
Hand-to-Hand Combat Monster : Kim Oomae
Torishima Family (17)
Daisuke Torishima/Dr. Taichi Torishima: Akira Oizumi
Kuroda (17): Eiji Karasawa
Racing Driver (17): Yojiro Terada
Iwamoto Family (18)
Director Iwamoto: Takashi Tabata
Kazuki Iwamoto: Hajime Nakamura
Grandmother Iwamoto: Toyoko Takechi
Ryoko (20): Sayoko Tanimoto
Spy Women's (21 & 22)
Zero One: Yukie Kagawa
Zero Two: Rie Mikawa
Arishima Family (21 & 22)
Senzo Arishima: Genji Kawai
Shinobu Arishima: Kaoru Asakawa
Old Woman (24): Keiko Orihara
Catherine Martin (24): Louise Phillipe
Sayuri Kurihara (25): Lisa Komaki
Director (25): Gozo Soma
Charmain Yumeno (25): Takeshi Yamamoto
Yoshio Murano (32): Kenichi Endō
Professor Mimura (33): Shiro Ooki
Mayumi Mimura (33): Mika Matsushita
Akira Jin (34): Toshiaki Kamohara
Car Owner (34): Kin'ya Sugi
Doutor Sekine/Hyde Monster (39): Shinji Todo
Tsuyoshi Takeuchi (The Jackal) (43): Ryo Tomota
Eye's Man (1944): Shinzo Tanabe
Monshiro Ocho / Illusion Monster (44): Sumie Sakai
Songs
Opening theme
Lyrics:
Composition and Arrangement:
Artist: MoJo with the Columbia Yurikago-Kai
"Battle Fever J (Alternate Opening)"
Lyrics: Keisuke Yamakawa
Composition and Arrangement: Michiaki Watanabe
Artist: MoJo, Columbia Yurikago-Kai, Feeling Free
Ending theme
Lyrics: Saburō Yatsude
Composition and Arrangement: Michiaki Watanabe
Artist: MoJo
International broadcasts and home video
In its home country of Japan, only Episode 8 was released on VHS by Toei Video. From June 21, 1999 to June 21, 2000, it was then released for the first time as a full series release on Laserdisc and spread through several volumes. Each volume contains two discs with eight episodes, with Volume 7 only having 1 disc with four episodes. From February 21, 2007 to June 21, 2007, it was given a DVD release for the first time. But it did go out of print for a while until September 21, 2012, when production resumed with the completion of all Super Sentai DVDs. Each volume contains 11 episodes (Volume 4 contains 10 episodes and Volume 5 contains 9 episodes).
This series was aired on BBC-2 in 1982.
The series aired in the United States in the state of Hawaii where Battle Fever J got very popular. That along with Himitsu Sentai Gorenger, Android Kikaider, Kamen Rider V3, Warrior of Love Rainbowman and many others, all of which were shown in the original Japanese dialogue with English subtitles provided by JN Productions on then KIKU Channel 13.
The show was also broadcast in Thailand late in the mid-1990s with the title Ranger J on MCOT Channel 9 with a Thai dub.
Notes
References
External links
Official Battle Fever J website
Super Sentai
1979 Japanese television series debuts
1980 Japanese television series endings
TV Asahi original programming
1970s Japanese television series
1980s Japanese television series
Television shows based on Marvel Comics
Fictional soldiers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20Fever%20J |
Desi DNA was a British television show on the BBC covering Desi (North Indian) art, culture and entertainment that launched in 2003.
In 2004, Desi DNA received the Best Lifestyle Programme award from the Royal Television Society.
The show currently broadcasts on BBC Two and is co-presented by Adil Ray, Anita Rani and Nihal Arthanyake with additional contributions by Nikki Bedi, Sonia Deol, Bobby Friction, Murtz and a number of other presenters. Waheed Khan, Irshad Ashraf and Sangeeta Sehdev have all been directors on the show.
External links
Desi DNA & Asian Network Presents... (2008) website
Desi DNA Series 4 (2007) website
Desi DNA Series 3 (2006) website
BBC press release concerning award
BBC Television shows | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desi%20DNA |
Tübatulabal is an Uto-Aztecan language, traditionally spoken in Kern County, California, United States. It is the traditional language of the Tübatulabal, who still speak the traditional language in addition to English. The language originally had three main dialects: Bakalanchi, Pakanapul and Palegawan.
In English, the name Tübatulabal refers to both the Tübatulabal people and their language. However, in the language itself, the term Tübatulabal refers only to the Tübatulabal people. Its origin is unclear, but it may be related to the noun stem "pine nuts". The Tübatulabal term for the Tübatulabal language is .
Phonology
Segmental phonology
Vowels
There are six phonemic vowels in Tübatulabal:
Contrastive short and long versions of each vowel are found in both stressed and unstressed syllables. The vowels have various allophones which occur in different environments, most notably more central lax allophones when the vowels are short and occur in unstressed syllables. i and u can occur as the second member of a diphthong with any other vowel, resulting in ten possible diphthongs (Voegelin reports that ɨu is rare). Phonologically, the members of a diphthong are treated as distinct segments. For example, the common initial reduplication process, which copies the first stem vowel, copies only the first member of a diphthong, e.g.:
'the sucker fish'
'the many suckers in one place'
Vowel length is contrastive. However, according to , in the suffixing morphology length is typically predictable. In most cases, the first suffix is short, the second suffix is long, the third suffix is short, and so on. For example, the verbal stem 'to eat' can be expanded to 'let us go and pretend to eat'. In this word, each suffix alternates in length compared to its neighbors. When arranged differently, the same suffixes will have different lengths. Thus compare 'let us' with the realization of the same morpheme in 'let us go eat'.
Tübatulabal consonants show a basic voicing distinction, with a corresponding alternately voiced phoneme present for almost every obstruent. Tübatulabal voiceless consonants are unaspirated, like those in English after an initial /s/, e.g. as in 'spin', 'stiff', 'skin'.
Non-contrastive allophones of all vowels occur, usually when a vowel follows a nasal consonant, and especially when it also precedes a glottal consonant.
Consonants
All consonants except the glottal stop can occur as geminates. Gemination is often phonologically predictable. In particular, all consonants except the voiced stops and the glottal stop geminate when following a short vowel. All stops and affricates are geminated in word-final position, regardless of the length of the preceding vowel.
Prosody
Tübatulabal has predictable word stress, which is tied to morphological constituency and syllable weight. Primary stress falls on the final syllable of the stem. Secondary stress is assigned right to left from the final syllable, falling on every other mora:
"he is wanting to roll string on his thigh"
"the fruit is mashing"
Words with the form VːCVCV will be stressed as ˌVːCVˈCV:
"the pine-nut pole"
For the purposes of stress assignment, two identical short vowels that are separated only by a glottal stop are treated as a single vowel if and only if they belong to the same morpheme:
"the little one"
Morphology
There are three basic word types in Tübatulabal: verbs, nouns, and particles. Verbs may be formed from verbal stems or from noun stems with verbalizing morphology; similarly, nouns can be formed from noun stems or from verbal stems with nominalizing morphology. Particles have their own stems, but they have comparatively little inflection, whereas both verbs and nouns tend to be very morphologically complex.
There are four word-formation processes in Tübatulabal: suffixation, reduplication, conjunction and compounding.
Suffixation
Suffixation is the most common and productive process in agglutinative word-formation. Suffixes form a closed class and occur in a fixed order according to the word type.
Reduplication
There are two kinds of reduplication: full reduplication and partial reduplication. Full reduplication is the less common type and marks the iterative aspect in verbs.
Partial reduplication can occur as initial or final reduplication. Final reduplication is very rare and always expresses the idea of plural allegiance. It is also apparently limited to occurring with noun stems or suffixes that end in . Voegelin illustrates with an example:
'his hunting partner'
'his hunting partner (in the sense that the partner referred to, being very proficient, has many companions in hunting)'
Initial reduplication is far more productive. It is used to express collective plurality in nouns
and to express aspect reversal in verbs. Initial reduplication prefixes a copy of the first vowel of the stem (as well as any immediately following nasal), preceded by a fixed . The underlying stem-initial consonant (if any) may also undergo changes, particularly in voicing and length. Some examples illustrate the reduplication process:
Conjunction
Conjunction involves the combination of a particle with a word of another type. According to Voegelin, the behavior of particles is similar to that of enclitics in other Uto-Aztecan languages but distinct enough from them that it should not be considered to be a kind of cliticization.
Compounding
Compounding appears to have been a much more productive process at an earlier stage of the language. It now has very limited productivity, and in many cases, it appears to have been completely lexicalized if it occurs.
Verb morphology
Each verb stem has an unpredictable inherent aspect value (either telic or atelic; by default, a bare stem is inherently atelic), and an inherent value for transitivity (transitive, intransitive or impersonal). The inherent values can be changed by morphological addition to yield a verb stem with any of the other possible values. Aspect reversal is indicated by initial reduplication. Transitivity change is indicated by the use of one (or more) of a number of derivational suffixes with which verbs are constructed.
The full verb structure can be summarized as (A) + B + (C) + (D), where B is the verb root, and the other positions (all optional) represent classes of morphemes. A indicates initial reduplication, which can occur only once per word. C indicates a class of derivational morphemes, which can be divided into ten ordered positions, each of which allows at most one morpheme per word. D is the final position; there are nine possible morphemes in final position, but only one can occur in any single word.
The C class morphemes are given with examples in the table below. When these morphemes co-occur in a word, they must occur in the order given. Transitivity changing morphemes are marked with *. They have a different effect depending on the inherent transitivity of the verb root, as well as the presence of other transitivity-changing morphology.
The possible verbal final morphemes (class D) are shown below. Unlike the class C morphemes, only one of these final-position morphemes can occur in any single word. Therefore, the ordering of morphemes in this table does not indicate anything about a linear relationship among the morphemes.
Noun morphology
All nouns (whether derived from verb stems or noun stems) are obligatorily marked as absolute or relative. Nouns must also be marked with one of the three basic cases: subject, object, or genitive. Relative nouns make a finer distinction between suus and ejus objects and genitives. In addition to this obligatory morphology, nouns may also receive suffixes indicating several secondary cases (inessive, ablative, allative and instrumental) as well as many other derivational suffixes.
Nouns may be divided into three basic classes according to their stem shape and morphological behavior and sometimes according to their semantic contribution as well. The basic test for classification is how the noun occurs when it is absolute. The absolute suffix has a different allomorph when it occurs with a noun from each of these classes. Class A nouns all have vowel-final stems, and add the absolute suffix as -l. Class B noun stems may be vowel-final or consonant-final, but in either case the absolute suffix is -t. Class C is a small class of nouns, many of which are kinship terms or other inalienable nouns. The absolute noun is phonologically null when it occurs with class C nouns.
Each of the classes can be subdivided into two or more classes, depending on phonological differences in the noun stem that lead to divergent behavior in certain case forms. Specifically, class A is divided into A1 nouns (stems end with a long vowel) and A2 nouns (stems end with a short vowel). Class B is divided into five subclasses, depending on whether the stem ends in a short vowel, a long vowel, n, m, or a voiceless consonant. Class C is divided into C1 (nouns which take an overt relative suffix) and C2 (nouns with no overt relative suffix).
Particle morphology
Morphemes belonging to the particle class are distinguished by the fact that they undergo little or no inflection and suffixation, unlike verbs and nouns. The particle class includes two subclasses of morphemes which behave quite differently: conjunctive particles and independent particles.
Conjunctive particles resemble clitics in that they never appear independently but always lean on another word. However, unlike clitics, conjunctive particles typically bear their own stress, and they do not alter the stress of the word on which they lean. Conjunctive particles include various discourse and modal morphemes as well as the typical pronominal agreement morphemes that occur with verbs.
Independent particles are fully independent words. They include prepositional, modal and exclamatory morphemes, numerals, and one class of pronouns.
The table below shows the pronominal morphemes of Tübatulabal. Like nouns, pronouns distinguish between three cases: subject, object and possessive. (Pronouns do not make a distinction between absolute and relative entities.) Different forms exist for first-, second- and third-person entities. Second- and third-person forms distinguish only singular and plural numbers, but first-person forms distinguish between singular, dual inclusive, dual exclusive, and plural numbers. All pronouns may be expressed bu conjunctive particles. The subject pronouns are unique in that they can also be expressed by an independent particle.
The first-person subject conjunctive forms have special allomorphs when they occur with the exhortative suffix -ma:
The third-person conjunctive form is usually null, but it is expressed by -d͡za after the exhortative or permissive suffixes. (The suffix often undergoes syncope and devoicing, yielding -t͡s.) The second-person conjunctive plural subject form may also syncopate, and medial vowel then shortens as well: -bum. The first-person conjunctive singular subject form may also syncopate, triggering devoicing but no irregular phonology: the suffix then has the form -k.
Subject pronouns typically lean on verbs (if conjunctive) and correspond to grammatical subject: iwikkːɨki "I discarded (it)" (with devoicing); anabaːhaʃta "they can throw it" (with metathesis of the components of the affricate and a change of s > ʃ).
Object pronouns also lean on verbs and indicate any non-possessive oblique function, including transitive objects, ditransitive objects or benefactives, objects of imperative verbs, and subjects of subordinate verbs if not equivalent to the subject of the matrix verb.
Possessive pronouns typically lean on the possessum: "my house"; "his wife".
Syntax
Word order is generally flexible. According to , "Word-order in general is stylistic rather than obligatory." (p. 185)
Orthography
Transcriptions in this article follow the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Much published material concerning Tübatulabal uses the Americanist orthography. In addition, the most important linguistic work on Tübatulabal, the original grammatical description of the language, uses a somewhat different orthography.
Voegelin writes as and as . He also writes as , as , as , as and as . He also uses a number of special symbols for vocalic allomorphs. is an allomorph of , is an allomorph of , is an allomorph of (IPA ), and is an allomorph of both and .
The letter in the name Tübatulabal represents the central unrounded vowel .
Notes
Bibliography
Arvidson, Lucy. Alaawich (Our Language): First Book of Words in the Tübatulabal Language of Southern California
External links
Tubatulabal language overview at the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages
"Tubatulabal Language" at native-languages.org
Recordings of Tübatulabal recorded by JP Harrington
OLAC resources in and about the Tübatulabal language
Audio recordings of word lists in Tübatulabal from the Northern Uto-Aztecan Collection of Megan Crowhurst at AILLA.
Tübatulabal, California Language Archives
Agglutinative languages
Northern Uto-Aztecan languages
Languages of the United States
Endangered Uto-Aztecan languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCbatulabal%20language |
Irvin Joel Vigo Guzmán (born November 24, 1984) is a Dominican professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Tampa Bay Devil Rays and in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Chunichi Dragons.
Career
Los Angeles Dodgers
Guzmán signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers as an international free agent on July 2, 2001. He was signed for $2.25 million, a franchise record signing bonus. Guzmán worked his way through the minor leagues, becoming a top prospect. He was named the Dodgers Minor League Player of the Year in 2004 and was elected to the Florida State League All-Star Game. In 2005, he was named a Southern League All-Star, and ranked the fifth-best overall prospect by Baseball America. Guzmán also played in the All-Star Futures Game twice, in 2004 and 2006. With a jump to the Major League level predicted for the 2006 season, Dodgers manager Grady Little converted Guzmán to left field during spring training. With Rafael Furcal, César Izturis, and Oscar Robles already playing shortstops on the Dodgers major league roster, the position change was made in an attempt to give Guzmán increased opportunity to play with the Dodgers in 2006. He made his major league debut on June 1 of that year, as a defensive replacement in the eighth inning of a game against the Philadelphia Phillies. Guzmán grounded into a double play in his first at-bat in the bottom half of the inning.
Tampa Bay Rays
Guzmán was traded on July 31, 2006, to the Tampa Bay Devil Rays with Sergio Pedroza for Julio Lugo. He spent most of the 2007 season with the Triple-A Durham Bulls, but made his Devil Rays debut on August 19 against the Cleveland Indians. Guzmán recorded his first major league hit, a walk-off single off of Rafael Pérez, that day.
Minor league journeyman
He became a free agent at the end of the season and signed a minor league deal with the Washington Nationals on December 13, 2008. On February 4, 2010, the Baltimore Orioles signed Guzmán to a minor league deal, and he completed the 2010 season at the AA level playing for the Bowie Baysox. In December 2010 it was announced that he signed a deal to play in Japan for the Chunichi Dragons in 2011. He signed a minor league contract with the Cincinnati Reds for the 2012 season, and was released in June.
Guzmán played in the Mexican League in 2012 and 2013 and after not playing in 2014, he signed with the Camden Riversharks of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball for 2015.
Guzmán signed with the York Revolution of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball for the 2016 season. He was released from the York Revolution on June 11, 2017.
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
Bowie Baysox players
Camden Riversharks players
Chunichi Dragons players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Japan
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Durham Bulls players
Estrellas Orientales players
Great Falls Dodgers players
Gulf Coast Dodgers players
Harrisburg Senators players
Jacksonville Suns players
Las Vegas 51s players
Leones del Escogido players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Major League Baseball third basemen
Mexican League baseball first basemen
Mexican League baseball right fielders
Nippon Professional Baseball first basemen
Nippon Professional Baseball right fielders
Olmecas de Tabasco players
Pensacola Blue Wahoos players
Saraperos de Saltillo players
South Georgia Waves players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Sugar Land Skeeters players
Tampa Bay Devil Rays players
Vaqueros Laguna players
Vero Beach Dodgers players
York Revolution players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20Guzm%C3%A1n |
Richard Rossi is an American filmmaker, actor, writer, talk radio host, musician, and former evangelical minister.
Among Rossi's projects are the film Canaan Land which contained five songs by Rossi that made the Oscars consideration song list (Canaan Land was also on the list of 366 films eligible for a Best Picture Oscar in 2021), Baseball's Last Hero: 21 Clemente Stories, a biopic on the life of Roberto Clemente and two films about evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson.
In 1995 Rossi went on trial for the attempted murder of his wife. She recanted her original identification of Rossi as her attacker and espoused his innocence. The case ended in a mistrial and was front-page news in Rossi's adopted hometown of Pittsburgh and was widely covered as something of a cause célèbre by syndicated television news programs.
Rossi eventually was acquitted of attempted murder but pleaded no contest to an aggravated assault though he and his wife maintained his innocence.
Early years
Rossi's father was a professional jazz guitarist in West View, Pennsylvania; the son followed in his father's footsteps, playing the guitar on stage at age 7.
As a child, Rossi was fascinated with Pittsburgh-based faith healer Kathryn Kuhlman. After one of his father's hospitalizations for manic depression, Rossi landed in a surrogate family led by an evangelist who immersed him in Pentecostal preaching and outreach.
After a drug overdose,
Rossi became a
born-again Christian and toured as a rock and roll preacher, usually in tandem with songwriting partner Johnny Walker, playing gospel rock. Rossi and his songwriting partner Walker were featured on The 700 Club.
Pennsylvania ministries
Rossi moved to Lynchburg, Virginia at age 18 to study at Liberty University, where he earned a bachelor's and master's degree in biblical studies.
His second church, created informally with ministry partner Jack Sims, was called "Matthew's Party," the name taken from the biblical story about Jesus eating with tax collectors and sinners at the home of Matthew, the gospel writer. In 1986, Rossi started First Love, a charismatic church. He rented movie theaters and showed films as an evangelistic outreach. Dramatic faith healings allegedly occurred. The healing services, called "Healing Clinics," grew from 200 to 2000. Rossi filmed the healings and co-produced a documentary on faith healing and exorcism in 1992 entitled Quest for Truth. The program first aired during the fall 1993 season on WPGH-TV 53 and WPTT-TV 22.
In 1988, Rossi tried and failed to change both the name of the Church of the Three Rivers and its affiliation. He then joined the Assemblies of God the next year and led the Cranberry church, but left in 1991, saying that his ministry was too radical for the Assemblies; church officials said he left owing several thousand dollars for the church building.
In September 1991, Rossi began broadcasting his nightly radio show Rich Rossi Live on Pittsburgh's WPIT-FM. The program created controversy when Rossi called other evangelical churches "whores" who sell out the gospel for money. Rossi appeared on the Jerry Springer Show in 1994 to discuss faith healing, exorcism, and ESP.
Attempted murder charge
On June 24, 1994, Rossi's wife, Sherrie Lynn, was found near death in a coma on the side of a Pennsylvania road. She had a crushed skull and was left covered in blood; her injuries were so severe that she needed to wear a helmet. Her rescuers thought she had been in a traffic accident, and called for an ambulance. Ninety minutes later, at 8:05 pm, Richard Rossi called police, and claimed that men killed his wife and shot at him twice. But when police came to interview him, his story changed, first claiming that a man that looked like him got into the passenger side of the car, then that the man who looked like him attacked from the driver's side. Rossi had a cellular phone available, but said he pursued the assailant instead of dialing for help because he was a "good runner." Rossi also changed his story on where the assailants approached from, first saying they were in a white car, then that they "came out of the woods out of nowhere." Police testified that Rossi told them a "satanic cult" was trying to frame him; Rossi denies this. Rossi was wearing only a pair of tan shorts when police interviewed him; Rossi claimed that he lost his shirt running through the woods, but did not explain why he was barefoot. Several witnesses reported seeing a man with long hair near the Rossi's cars, and State Police reports suggested the presence of two other cars, one blue and one white.
In October 1994, Sherrie testified her husband was "not to blame"; a state court judge refused her request to void the order of protection. (Press accounts claimed that Ms. Rossi stated that her attacker might have been a demon in human form, but the Rossis deny she said this.)
Sherrie Rossi testified in the trial that her attacker was a different man with brown eyes and that Rossi's eyes are blue. She said her earlier testimony against Rossi was coerced by police when she was still recovering and did not have a complete recollection, and that her second testimony exonerating her husband came from "flashbacks" and a "fuller complete recollection" of what occurred. A defender of Rossi corroborated Sherrie Rossi's mystery attacker, testifying a passing motorist saw a bearded man matching Sherrie Rossi's description wearing jeans. (Rossi was wearing shorts).
Sherrie Rossi said: "We have eyewitnesses who saw a white car similar to ours following us and several family members several weeks before I was attacked. My husband also received a number of threats before I was attacked. The whole police had one agenda from Day One, and that was to get my husband." During her testimony, Sherrie Rossi wore a shirt with two doll figures labeled "Rich" and "Sherrie" and flashed the American Sign Language sign for love at her husband Richard.
Over Rossi's wife's objections, prosecutors charged him with attempted murder and won a court ruling admitting her earlier testimony at trial. The parties argued whether the blood-soaked interior of Rossi's car was consistent with Sherrie's claim. The secretary of Rossi's church testified that Rossi asked him shortly after the incident to forge an alibi. Sherrie Rossi refuted this, alleging police had framed her husband.
Sherrie Rossi testified, pointing at the prosecutors and police. "Your agenda was to get my husband, and I did not trust you or the lot of them." The defense called two witnesses, a church member and Rossi's mother, for a total of a half-hour of testimony; Rossi himself did not testify.
A five-day trial ended in a hung jury, with the vote 9–3 in favor of conviction after six and a half hours of deliberation. Before retrial, Rossi pleaded no contest to a count of second-degree aggravated assault while maintaining his innocence. Though his followers wanted him to fight what his wife called an "assault of justice", Rossi stated he pled nolo contendere to end the ordeal. "One of my many goals is to heal our family and become the best husband and father I can be," Rossi said to the judge. He received a four-to-eight-month sentence in Butler County Jail plus four years probation and required domestic violence counseling; he served 96 days.
Domestic violence workers criticized the short sentence. The Rossis renewed their wedding vows after his release. Rossi wrote an apologetic letter to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette saying: "I repent of the sins I have committed and, with God's help, do not plan to repeat them."
Sherrie Rossi, who had campaigned for her husband's exoneration, sued state and county officials for abridging her civil rights when courts refused to lift a bond restriction forbidding her husband to contact her while he was out on bail; the suit was dismissed by a federal court. In 1996, Sherrie self-published Assault of Justice: The Richard Rossi Mystery, defending her husband and proclaiming his innocence, and claiming that charges were retaliation for exposing police corruption and a satanic cult on his talk radio show. She said eyewitnesses confirmed her husband's innocence and that they had been receiving threats prior to the assault.
While charges were pending and Rossi served his sentence, membership in his church dropped from 300 to 12. Media scrutiny revealed Rossi suffered mental health, depression, and addiction issues similar to his father's. Rossi enrolled in a recovery program in jail that he continued after his release, including meetings four days a week, daily monitoring, and treatment in Atlanta.
After his release from jail, Rossi and his wife hosted a free Thanksgiving dinner for the homeless at the Ranch House in Pittsburgh's North Park. Rossi paid for buses to transport urban children out of high-crime areas to the park. Most of the buses got to those wanting to come, but one had difficulty getting to the arranged pick-up due to snow. Native Americans danced and helped Rossi serve dinners to disadvantaged children. Some of his fellow inmates Rossi befriended in jail attended to help serve the poor.
Rossi filed for bankruptcy in 1996 as a result of his legal problems, and started over in California.
California
After completing his probation, Rossi relocated to Hollywood with his wife and two children in 1997, after a script he wrote garnered interest in Hollywood. He returned to preaching, serving as a pastor and church consultant, and moved into acting and filmmaking to explore his interest in creative and cutting-edge expressions of ministry.
Rossi's first Hollywood role was in the 1998 short film Jesus 2000. In 1998, he appeared on stage in his own adaptation of Elmer Gantry, which he wrote, produced and starred. His stage performance resulted in an offer to Rossi to play the role in a new film version.
He started "Eternal Grace", a movement of Hollywood house churches for actors and celebrities who had difficulty attending public services due to paparazzi, and also for AIDS victims and others not welcome to attend other churches. He was protested by followers of Fred Phelps from Westboro Baptist Church of Topeka, Kansas, who decried his lenient attitude toward homosexuals. Rossi's wife Sherrie worked with puppets in their children's ministry.
In 2001, Rossi wrote and directed Saving Sister Aimee, a short documentary film about 1920s evangelist Aimee McPherson. Though some considered it a sensationalized depiction, it won the Angel Award from the Southern California Motion Picture Council for best documentary.
In 2005, Rossi revisited Sister Aimee's story in the low-budget feature biographical film Sister Aimee: The Aimee Semple McPherson Story, (aka Aimee Semple McPherson), featuring Mimi Michaels in the lead and Rance Howard as the preacher's father. It attracted a record crowd to Hollywood's New Beverly Cinema, a revival house specializing in independent and cult films owned by Quentin Tarantino. A group of Evangelicals offered to invest $2 million in the film, but with conditions that the movie did not depict McPherson's divorce or drug overdose and that the actor playing the lead be a Pentecostal Christian. Rossi turned them down. "By saying no to conditions that religious people put on me, I feel I'm actually of more service to God and people because I make an honest film," he said. In addition to his film work, Rossi acted on stage in plays and musicals to positive reviews, remaining active in the Los Angeles theater community.
Clemente film
Between acting jobs that included small roles on TV shows, among them The King of Queens, Ally McBeal, The X-Files, Gilmore Girls and several movies, Rossi began working on Baseball's Last Hero: 21 Clemente Stories, a film about his childhood hero, baseball great Roberto Clemente, planning a "bicoastal" return to Pittsburgh to premiere his film on Roberto Clemente's birthday, August 18, 2013 before exhibiting the film in New York, Los Angeles, San Francisco, other cities, small art theaters, Roberto Clemente High School in Chicago, the Wild Goose Festival in North Carolina, and on DVD. The feature film was a labor of love for Rossi and the cadre of actors and technicians who volunteered their time and donated their services to the project. Olympian Jamie Nieto starred as Roberto Clemente. Rossi's telling of Clemente's story of commitment, loyalty, and devotion attempts to provide a counterpoint to today's baseball culture of players suspected of steroid abuse. The dramatic fulcrum of Baseball's Last Hero is a conversation Clemente has with a nun. "She talks to him about the cross. 'Greater love has no man than to lay down his life for his friends,' is what the nun quotes to him from Scripture, talking about sacrificial love and Christ's sacrificial love," Rossi said. "This is the theme I wanted to point out – an allegory of Christ on the cross." Rossi was pressured to delete the scene from the movie for being "too preachy and too Catholic."
The controversial scene turned out to be one of the most popular scenes in the film and won over fans to the idea of pitching for Clemente's canonization as a saint in the Catholic Church.
Rossi says he has received support for his efforts to canonize Clemente from various people including Archbishop José Horacio Gómez of the Archdiocese of Los Angeles. "I've never thought of him in terms of being a saint", said MLB second baseman Neil Walker, a devout Catholic whose father knew Clemente. "But he's somebody who lived his life serving others, really. So if it would happen, I wouldn't be terribly surprised by it."
Some claim the canonization church requirement of a miracle was met on July 22, 2017, when Jaime Nieto, who was paralyzed from the neck down in a backflip accident three years after the Clemente film was released, walked 130 steps at his own wedding to fellow Olympian Shevon Stoddart. The miracle was predicted by Rossi as a demonstration of the power of God in a letter he wrote to Pope Francis. Nieto stated that the success was due to his hard work, and the Holy See stated that they were not in continued contact with Rossi.
Recent news
2014–2015
On November 28, 2014, Rossi was in the news again regarding the controversy over the shooting of Michael Brown. Rossi wrote and recorded a protest song expressing his feelings about a grand jury's decision not to charge a white police officer in the death of the unarmed black teen in Ferguson, Missouri. "I wrote the song in five minutes as a way to express my emotions about the danger of trigger-happy police," Rossi said. "I filmed it on my laptop at my kitchen table and uploaded it to YouTube." Rossi uploaded the video on November 26, and provided the song's lyrics in the video description. Here is a sample from the song's beginning, printed in the Los Angeles Daily News: "Down at the courthouse on a Monday afternoon/Justice was thrown right out the window when a young white cop entered the room."
Rossi continues to host his radio talk-show "Richard Rossi Live" as a podcast on BlogTalkRadio. In 2015, the format of the program changed from its Christian roots on WPIT, a Salem Radio Network station, by broadening its content for a general audience. Although Rossi still on occasion discusses religion, the program's focus is on known artists, writers, and celebrity guests.
Following the positive Pittsburgh reception to Rossi's Roberto Clemente project, Rossi said they were coming home, living "bicoastal," maintaining homes in Hollywood and Pittsburgh. "We'd like to spend more time in our home, where most of our family and friends live, in the North Hills of Pittsburgh," Rossi said.
2016–Present
In March, 2016, it was reported that Rossi was in pre-production on his film Canaan Land. Rebecca Holden played Sister Sara Sunday.
On September 30, 2017, CBS KCAL-TV channel 9 news reported on Rossi's founding of the support group Families Fighting Fentanyl to combat the fentanyl epidemic, to help addicts, work with law enforcement to hold drug dealers accountable, and support grieving families who lost a loved one to fentanyl. Rossi discussed the 2017 death of his youngest brother due to an overdose of heroin laced with fentanyl.
On January 31, 2018, Rossi and his family, in tandem with Pittsburgh Police, offered a cash reward for information leading to the arrest of the individual(s) who gave his brother the fatal fentanyl dose.
In May 2019, Rossi and other actors performed monologues based on interviews with homeless people as part of Homeward L.A., an effort to raise money for the Midnight Mission, a Los Angeles skid row shelter.
In the first week of February, 2021, Variety (magazine) and TheWrap reported five of his songs from his newly released film Canaan Land were a curiosity on the list for Best Song consideration, with a longshot at an Academy Awards nomination.
Rossi has also co-written a children's book Lucy & the Lake Monster, with retired fourth grade school teacher Kelly Tabor. It tells the story of a 9-year-old orphan girl and her grandfather searching for Champ, the legendary sea serpent of Lake Champlain. The book will also be a film, and was in post-production as of May, 2023.
Filmography
Film
References
External links
American experimental filmmakers
American male screenwriters
American talk radio hosts
American performers of Christian music
Musicians from Pittsburgh
American Christian clergy
American Charismatics
American faith healers
Founders of new religious movements
Liberty University alumni
Los Angeles Valley College people
Living people
Male actors from Pittsburgh
Postmodern writers
Writers from Pittsburgh
Radio personalities from Pittsburgh
American male stage actors
American male film actors
Contestants on American game shows
American people of Italian descent
People from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
People with bipolar disorder
American substance abuse counselors
Film directors from Pennsylvania
Guitarists from Pennsylvania
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Screenwriters from Pennsylvania
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Rossi |
Dying for the World is the tenth studio album by the American heavy metal band W.A.S.P., released in 2002. Dying for the World was Blackie Lawless' dedication to all those who perished in the attacks of the 9/11 events, especially heard on the "Hallowed Ground" track.
The album was written and recorded in less than a year. This is very unusual as Blackie Lawless is a perfectionist, normally taking 2 years or more to finish an album and have it recorded.
Track listing
Personnel
W.A.S.P.
Blackie Lawless – guitar, vocals, keyboards
Darrell Roberts – guitar
Mike Duda – bass, vocals
Frankie Banali – drums
Production
Bill Metoyer – engineer, mixing
Dan Biechele – assistant engineer and production manager
Joe Delaney (a.k.a. Joetown) – additional mixing on tracks 2 and 5
Tom Baker – mastering at Precision Mastering
Kosh – album design
Charts
References
W.A.S.P. albums
2002 albums
Albums produced by Blackie Lawless | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dying%20for%20the%20World |
John Howard Hubbell (1925 – March 31, 2007) was an American radiation physicist born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He was on the staff of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (formerly National Bureau of Standards) from 1950 until 1988, when he retired. He remained a contractor to NIST until he died in 2007. He was a founder and past president of the International Radiation Physics Society.
He earned a BSE in engineering physics in 1949 and an MS in physics in 1950 from the University of Michigan.
He was the author or co-author of over one hundred publications including the "Radiation Physics" article in the 2002 Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology. He was the past editor of Applied Radiation and Isotopes and consulting editor of Radiation Physics and Chemistry.
In the scientific community, Mr. Hubbell is known for his evaluations, computations and compilations of photon cross sections and attenuation (and energy-absorption) coefficients used in medicine, engineering and other disciplines. He is also known for his computationally tractable solutions of problems associated with the predictions of radiation fields.
Awards and honors
Faculty Medal, Czech Technical University, 1982
Radiation Industry Award, American Nuclear Society, 1985
Honorary Academician of the International Higher Education Academy of Sciences (Moscow) 1994
Outstanding Alumnus Award, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, University of Michigan, 1995
Doctor honoris causa, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 1996
Elected Fellow of the American Physical Society, 2002.
Publications
Notes
20th-century American physicists
1925 births
2007 deaths
Scientists from Ann Arbor, Michigan
University of Michigan alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20H.%20Hubbell |
Helldorado may refer to:
Helldorado, a nickname for Tombstone, Arizona (a variation of El Dorado) created by a disgruntled miner who wrote a letter in July 1881 to the Tombstone Nugget newspaper complaining about trying to find his fortune and ending up washing dishes
Helldorado (album), the eighth album by W.A.S.P., released in 1999
Helldorado (band), a Norwegian Americana band
Helldorado Days (Las Vegas), a rodeo, parade and festival in Las Vegas, Nevada (first held 1935)
Helldorado Days (Tombstone), an annual celebration and parade in Tombstone, Arizona (first held 1929)
Helldorado (video game), a 2007 strategy video game
Helldorado (film), a 1934 American film, starring Ralph Bellamy
Heldorado a 1946 Roy Rogers film set in the Las Vegas Helldorado Days celebrations
See also
El Dorado (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helldorado |
Unholy Terror is the ninth studio album by the American heavy metal band W.A.S.P., released in 2001.
It is viewed by many fans and critics alike as an 'issue' album, going into great detail about the world and all its vices. This is the last album to feature longtime guitarist Chris Holmes.
Track listing
Personnel
W.A.S.P.
Blackie Lawless – vocals, guitars, keyboards, producer
Chris Holmes – lead guitar
Mike Duda – bass, vocals
Stet Howland – drums, vocals
Guest musicians
Frankie Banali – drums (on tracks 2, 3, 5, 8 and 10)
Roy Z – lead guitar (on tracks 6 and 10)
Valentina – chorus (on track 6)
Production
BIll Metoyer – engineer
Dan Biechele – assistant engineer and production manager
Richard Kaplan, Chuck Johnson – mixing at Indigo Ranch, Malibu, California
Tom Baker – mastering at Precision Mastering
Kosh – album design
Charts
References
W.A.S.P. albums
2001 albums
Albums produced by Blackie Lawless | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unholy%20Terror |
The Tübatulabal are an indigenous people of Kern River Valley in the Sierra Nevada range of California. They may have been the first people to make this area their permanent home. Today many of them are enrolled in the Tule River Indian Tribe. They are descendants of the people of the Uto-Aztecan language group, separating from Shoshone people about 3000 years ago.
Territory
The Tübatulabal's traditional homelands extended over including the Kern and South Fork Kern Rivers drainages (located in the Kern Valley area of California) extending from very high mountainous terrain in the north to about below the junction of the two rivers in the south. The high mountains in the north () are interspersed with lakes and meadows. The southern area () has three connected valleys: Kern Valley, South Fork Kern Valley, and Hot Springs Valley, where summers are hot and winters cold and rainy. The valleys are grasslands and chaparral with cacti, scrub oaks, willows, elderberry, and cottonwoods as primary vegetation with some joshua trees, junipers, piñons, oaks, and sugar pines.
Name
The valley of the Kern River has been the home of three distinct bands which are collectively named Tübatulabal. The name Tübatulabal (“a people that go to the forest to gather tubat (piñon nuts)”) loosely translates as "pine-nut eaters." The name was given to the tribe by the neighboring Yokuts. At one point in history the Yokuts also called the Tübatulabals, "Pitanisha" (place where the rivers fork). The name for the north fork of the river has the Indian name of, Palegewanap or "place of the big river." The south fork of the river conversely was given the name of Kutchibichwanap Palap, or "place of the little river."
Bands
The three bands that comprise the Tübatulabal tribe are (from west to east):
Bankalachi, Pong-ah-lache or Toloim / Tulamni (lived in the Greenhorn Mountains and from Poso Creek and Poso Flats around Glennville, California, north along Cedar Creek, White River to Deer Creek, sometimes they were farther up along the South Fork Tule River, territory of the Tule River Yokuts, with the Foothill Yokuts (Tule River and Poso Creek Yokuts) they practiced extensive exogamy marriages, so that they are described as an intermediate group)
Bankalachi or Bokninuwiad (northern group, oft considered Foothill Yokuts)
Kumachisi (southern group, oft considered Foothill Yokuts)
Toloim or Tulamni (southwestern group, oft identified with the Tulamni Band of Buena Vista Yokuts)
Pahkanapil, Bahkanapil, Tubatulabal proper (from Mount Whitney south along the South Fork Kern River to Lake Isabella - around Onyx, California and Weldon, California - to Ridgecrest, California near Walker Pass)
Palagewan (Little Kern River, North Fork Kern River, south through Kern River Canyon into Hot Springs Valley (Lake Isabella) and the Kern River down to Bakersfield, California)
Culture
Tübatulabal traditional culture was similar to that of the Yokuts, who occupied most of the southern half of the California's Central Valley. Acorns, piñon nuts, and game animals were key elements in Tubatulabal subsistence. Located in the Kern Valley, the tribe had contact with the Poso Creek Yokuts to the southwest and the Tule-Kaweah Yokuts west, as well as to Western and Southern Numic speaking groups to the north and east (Western and Eastern Mono, and Timbisha (Panamint)). On their southern border were living the Kawaiisu, and further south the Tübatulabal had ties with Kitanemuk, Serrano, and Tataviam (Alliklik) peoples who spoke the Takic branch of Uto-Aztecan. The Tübatulabal were significant participants and go-betweens in the trade networks connecting the Great Basin, the southern deserts, the Central Valley, and the coastal groups.
Compared to other tribes in the Sierra Nevada, Tübatulabal had higher status and privilege. Though the tribe followed traditional patriarchy, women had an equal voice in decisions. Marriage had to be mutually consensual, and women could practice birth control.
According to the tribe's oral history, the deep crags, crevices, and crooks of the canyon moving upward (east from the mouth of the Kern Canyon) to the upper reaches of the Kern River were "created by hawk and duck as they bounced back and forth, to and from along the canyon walls as they raced up the river."
The Tübatulabal are well known for their red pottery and coiled baskets. Today, many of their baskets are housed at the National Smithsonian Anthropological Archives, University of California Berkeley, California State Parks Archives, and many other museums and universities. Louisa Francisco, a Bankalachi was well known for her wonderful baskets. Some Tübatulabal families in Kern Valley are related to Francisco. Many of their ancestors married into the Tule River Tribe, Tachi Yokuts, and Tejon Indian Tribe. Tribal families shared in their basket making designs, materials, and weaving techniques. Louisa had a brother named Peter, both came from Poso Flat—a Bankalachi (Toloim) Village. Louisa was born 1865 at Poso Flat (Kern County) and died at age 95 in 1954. She was living on the Tule River Indian Reservation just prior to her death.
Estefana Miranda, a Pakanapul, lived in Weldon, California (born in 1895 and died in 1957) on the Miranda Allotment. Estefana was the daughter of Steban Miranda, the last Tübatulabal chief. Estefana knew how to harvest native tobacco, acorns, salt grass, and other native foods of the South Fork of Kern Valley and Kelso Valley areas. She knew how to make "flat round" basket used for both sifting and ceremonies. Her baskets were also used to process piñon nuts picked from Walker Pass, Kennedy Meadows, and Greenhorn Mountain areas. "Estefana was also an excellent horseman—she could make her horses jump side to side and jump over large dirt ditches."
Language
Their ancestral language, Tübatulabal belongs to the Uto-Aztecan language family. In the current state of the linguistics of the Uto-Aztecan family, it is classified as a branch unto itself.
Tübatulabal is a Uto-Aztecan language that, although definitely part of the Uto-Aztecan stock, is not closely related to other languages in that group. Unlike the related languages, the Tübatulabal most often ended in consonant sounds. They used individual names and suffixes to denote place in the family and relation to the dead.
Tübatulabal have two dialects "paka'anil" and "bankalachi". Today, in Mountain Mesa, California, the Tübatulabal tribe has a Pakanapul Language Program that teaches the "paka'anil" dialect. The last fluent "paka'anil" dialect speaker was James Andreas, who died in 2009. He lived on the Miranda Allotment, located in Weldon, California. James Andreas spent his last 10 years teaching the Pakanapul Language Team the "paka'anil" dialect. The "bankalachi" dialect is similar to the "paka'anil", however, there is little known about the "bankalachi" dialect.
Historical trauma
The Tubatulabal people of the Kern river valley have survived historical trauma. Of the three bands of the Tubatulabal, the Pahkanapul were the only ones to survive the Keyesville massacre of 1863, where 35 Tübatulabal and Mono people were killed by United States Army troops and American settlers led by Captain Moses A. McLaughlin. The Tubatulabal tribe was almost wiped out because most were adult men who died in the massacre. "They never seemed to blame the local whites or act vengeful towards those who had made such a change in their lives." In an interview with one of the tribe members about the massacre conducted for a study stated " That morning the soldiers killed our people it caused a lot of heartache to our people physically, emotionally, and mentally. They took away all our people who tell stories, who could read the stars at night, who could farm. They took away all our old traditions, our songs, our language, and our pride. It affected us a lot. Even to this day it affects us."
Population
Estimates for the precontact populations of most native groups in California have varied substantially. By two estimates, the Tübatulabal were a small to very small nation. Alfred L. Kroeber (1925:883) put the 1770 population of the Tübatulabal as 1,000. Erminie W. Voegelin considered Kroeber's estimate too high (Voegelin 1938:39). For the time of initial European-American settlement, around 1850, she estimated 200–300.
Kroeber in 1910 reported the population of the Tübatulabal as 150. Yamamoto in 2000 estimated the population at 900.
Contemporary tribe
Today, a Tübatulabal tribe is seeking federal recognition. They have an office located in Mountain Mesa, California, and include descendants of several tribal families who were awarded allotment lands under the US Dawes Allotment Act 1887. Tribal membership is at 287 members, however, a new open enrollment process has been established as of October 2012. The tribe estimates about 400–600 total members.
Notes
References
Gomez, Robert. Tübatulabal History Outline – report for California Tribal Environmental Justice Collaborative Grant Project. September 2010.
Kroeber, A. L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.
Miranda-Begay, Donna, PhD. 2011. "Tribal Perspectives" of the Tübatulabal Baskets in the California State Parks Archives. 1st Edition. November 2011. Tübatulabal Tribe.
Otay, William (2009). Oral Kern Valley history as told to Donna Miranda-Begay in 2009.
Pritzker, Barry M. A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. .
Theodoratus, Dorothea, PhD. and McBride, Kathleen. 2009. "California Tribal Environmental Justice Collaborative Grant Project." Tribal Environmental Justice Collaborative Grant Project. November 2010.
Voegelin, Erminie W. 1938. "Tübatulabal Ethnography". Archaeological Records 2:1-90. University of California Press, Berkeley.
See also
Tubatulabal traditional narratives
Further reading
Macri, Marta, PhD. 2009. "Native California Languages of the San Joaquin Valley." UC Davis. December 2009.
Smith, Charles R. 1978. "Tubatulabal". In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 437–445. Handbook of North American Indians, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 8. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Native American tribes in California
Kern River Valley
Greenhorn Mountains
History of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
History of Kern County, California
History of Tulare County, California
Native American history of California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BCbatulabal |
Still Not Black Enough is the sixth studio album by American heavy metal band W.A.S.P., first released in June 1995 in Japan and the UK. It was not released in the U.S. until August 1996 through Castle Records.
Still Not Black Enough was originally slated for release as a Blackie Lawless solo album, but due to the heavy content, Lawless changed his mind and decided to release it as a W.A.S.P. album. This had also been the case for the previous album, The Crimson Idol. Still Not Black Enough is considered somewhat a successor to The Crimson Idol, bearing a strong resemblance with its lyrical themes. However, instead of telling the story of the fictional character Jonathan, this album is mostly a collection of personal songs from Blackie Lawless, including issues involving the death of his mother and personal crises just after the world tour for The Crimson Idol.
Track listings
All songs written by Blackie Lawless, unless otherwise indicated.
The European and 2001 remastered versions have the same track listing, without the Queen cover.
The American version has the same track listing without "Breathe", but with bonus tracks "Skinwalker", "One Tribe", and "Whole Lotta Rosie". Additionally, there was a 15-track pirated version containing all of the above tracks, plus "Breathe" and a cover of AC/DC's "It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)". These last 2 tracks could also be found on some singles.
Personnel
Musicians
Blackie Lawless – vocals, lead and rhythm guitars, acoustic guitar, keyboards, bass, electric sitar, producer
Bob Kulick - lead guitar
John Shadowinds – lead guitar (guest appearance)
Frankie Banali – drums
Mark Josephson – electric violin
Stet Howland – additional percussion (on "Scared to Death" and "One Tribe")
Tracey Whitney, K.C. Calloway – background vocals
Production
Mikey Davis – engineer, mixing
Chris Ashem, Mark Humphries – assistant engineers
Andy Van Dette – mastering at Masterdisk, New York
Kosh – album design
Charts
Album
Singles
References
W.A.S.P. albums
1995 albums
Albums produced by Blackie Lawless
Castle Communications albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20Not%20Black%20Enough |
Dan or Daniel Donovan may refer to:
Dan Donovan (keyboardist) (born 1962), keyboardist for Big Audio Dynamite and Dreadzone
Dan Donovan (guitarist) (born 1960), singer/songwriter, guitarist for Tribe of Dan
Dan Donovan (politician) (born 1956), Former U.S. Congressman
Daniel Donovan (doctor) (died 1880), author and doctor of medicine in West Cork, Ireland
Daniel Donovan (theologian) (born 1937), Canadian theologian, catholic priest and art collector | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Donovan |
"The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse" is one of Aesop's Fables. It is number 352 in the Perry Index and type 112 in Aarne–Thompson's folk tale index. Like several other elements in Aesop's fables, 'town mouse and country mouse' has become an English idiom.
Story
In the original tale, a proud town mouse visits his cousin in the country. The country mouse offers the city mouse a meal of simple country cuisine, at which the visitor scoffs and invites the country mouse back to the city for a taste of the "fine life" and the two cousins dine on white bread and other fine foods. But their rich feast is interrupted by a cat which forces the rodent cousins to abandon their meal and retreat back into their mouse hole for safety. The town mouse tells the country mouse that the cat killed his mother and father and that he is frequently the target of attacks. After hearing this, the country mouse decides to return home, preferring security to opulence or, as the 13th-century preacher Odo of Cheriton phrased it, "I'd rather gnaw a bean than be gnawed by continual fear".
Spread
The story was widespread in Classical times and there is an early Greek version by Babrius (Fable 108). Horace included it as part of one of his satires (II.6), ending on this story in a poem comparing town living unfavorable to life in the country. Marcus Aurelius alludes to it in his Meditations, Book 11.22; "Think of the country mouse and of the town mouse, and of the alarm and trepidation of the town mouse".
However, it seems to have been the 12th century Anglo-Norman writer Walter of England who contributed most to the spread of the fable throughout medieval Europe. His Latin version (or that of Odo of Cheriton) has been credited as the source of the fable that appeared in the Spanish Libro de Buen Amor of Juan Ruiz in the first half of the 14th century. Walter was also the source for several manuscript collections of Aesop's fables in Italian and equally of the popular Esopi fabulas by , the first printed collection of Aesop's fables in that language (Verona, 1479), in which the story of the town mouse and the country mouse appears as fable 12. This consists of two sonnets, the first of which tells the story and the second contains a moral reflection.
British variations
British poetical treatments of the story vary widely. The Scottish Henryson's The Taill of the Uponlandis Mous and the Burges Mous makes the two mice sisters. The one in the country envies her sister's rich living and pays her a visit, only to be chased by a cat and return home, contented with her own lot. Four final stanzas (lines 190–221) draw out the moral that it is better to limit one's ambition and one's appetites, warning those who make the belly their god that "The cat cummis and to the mous hes ee".
Henryson attributes the story to Esope, myne author where Sir Thomas Wyatt makes it a song sung by "My mothers maydes when they did sowe and spynne" in the second of his satires. This is more in accord with Horace's description of it as "an old wives' tale" but Wyatt's retelling otherwise echoes Henryson's: an impoverished country mouse visits her sister in town but is caught by the cat. In the second half of the poem (lines 70–112) Wyatt addresses his interlocutor John Poynz on the vanity of human wishes. Horace, on the other hand, had discussed his own theme at great length before closing on the story.
By contrast, the adaptation in La Fontaine's Fables, Le rat de ville et le rat des champs (I.9), is simply told. There it is the town rat that invites the country rat home, only to have the meal disturbed by dogs (as in Horace); the country rat then departs, reflecting, as in Aesop, that peace is preferable to fearful plenty.
Adaptations dating from Britain's "Augustan Age" concentrate upon the Horatian version of the fable. The reference is direct in The hind and the panther transvers'd to the story of the country-mouse and the city mouse, written by Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax and Matthew Prior in 1687. This was a satire directed against a piece of pro-Stuart propaganda and portrays the poet John Dryden (under the name of Bayes) proposing to elevate Horace's 'dry naked History' into a religious allegory (page 4ff).
Part of the fun there is that in reality the Horatian retelling is far more sophisticated than the 'plain simple thing' that Bayes pretends it is, especially in its depiction of Roman town-life at the height of its power. It is this aspect of Horace's writing that is underlined by the two adaptations of his satire made by other Augustan authors. The first was a joint work by the friends Thomas Sprat and Abraham Cowley written in 1666. Horace has the story told by a garrulous countryman, a guise that Cowley takes on with delicate self-irony. It allows him to adapt the comforts of the imperial city described by Horace to those of Restoration London, with references to contemporary high cuisine and luxury furnishings such as Mortlake Tapestries. Cowley's portion appeared separately under the title of The Country Mouse in his volume of essays.
In the following century the friends Jonathan Swift and Alexander Pope combined in a similar imitation of Horace's Satire in octosyllabic couplets, with Pope playing the part of the story-teller from line 133 onwards and attributing the tale to contemporary fabulist Matthew Prior. The point of the piece is once again to make a witty transposition of the Classical scene into present-day circumstances as an extension of the poem's anachronistic fun. At a slightly later date Rowland Rugeley (1738–76) was to imitate their performance in much the same manner in "The City Mouse and Country Mouse: a fable to a friend in town". The argument has been made that, for all the fable's championing of country life, the emphasis on the urban and urbane in these poems is fully in the spirit of the Horatian original.
In all versions of the original fable, much is made of the poor fare upon which the country mouse subsists. Dried (grey) peas and bacon are frequently mentioned and it is these two that the early 19th century author Richard Scrafton Sharpe (c. 1780 -1852) uses in a repetitive refrain to his lyrical treatment of "The Country Mouse and the City Mouse". He was the author of Old friends in a new dress – or Familiar fables in verse, which went through different editions from 1807 onwards. The stories are told in song measures rather than as a narrative, and it was in a later edition that this retelling appeared.
Eastern analogies
A similar story appears among the fables of Bidpai as "The Lean Cat and the Fat Cat". It is related that 'There was once a poor, lean old woman, who lived in a tiny, tumbled-down house, with a cat as poor and as lean as herself. This cat had never tasted a bit of bread, and had come no nearer a mouse than to find its tracks in the dust.' A sleek, plump cat boasts to her of how it feasts at the king's table and invites her to come and join in next day. The poor woman advises her pet to be content with its lot. Unheeding, the lean cat sets off for the palace. Owing to its infestation by cats, however, the king had ordered that any caught there were to be put to death. The lean cat dies, regretting that it had not listened to the old woman's wise advice.
Later adaptations
Beatrix Potter retold the story in The Tale of Johnny Town-Mouse (1918). In this she inverted the order of the visits, with the country mouse going to the city first, being frightened by a cat and disliking the food. Returning the visit later, the town mouse is frightened of the rain, the lawnmower and the danger of being stepped on by cows. The story concludes with the reflection that tastes differ. A segment from the tale was incorporated into the children's ballet film The Tales of Beatrix Potter, danced by the Royal Ballet with choreography by Frederick Ashton (1971). The ballet was subsequently performed onstage in 1992 and 2007.
In 1927 the story was made into a French silent film, with puppet animation by the director Wladyslaw Starewicz, under the title Le Rat de Ville et le Rat des Champs. In this updated version, the urban rat drives out of Paris in his car to visit his cousin on the farm. They return to the city and visit a nightclub but their revels end in pandemonium with the arrival of a cat. Recognizing that city life is too hectic for him, the country rat prefers to dream of his urban adventure from the safety of his home. The American equivalent was the Silly Symphonies cartoon The Country Cousin (1936), in which the country mouse hikes along the railroad track to visit his cousin in the city. The main action takes place on the supper table and is governed by the unexplained need for silence. When the reason for this is revealed as the cat, the cousin escapes into the street, only to face the worse hazards of the traffic.
In 1980, the fable was whimsically adapted by Evelyn Lambart for the National Film Board of Canada using paper figures and brightly coloured backgrounds. Other cartoons much more loosely based on the fables have included Mouse in Manhattan (1945) and The Country Mouse and the City Mouse: A Christmas Tale (HBO 1993), which eventually led to the television series The Country Mouse and the City Mouse Adventures.
In the UK, Vicky Ireland dramatised the fable for Merseyside Young People's Theatre in 1987. The 80-minute play has since been acted in the US, South Africa and New Zealand. It features William Boot, a country mouse bored with rural life at his grandmother's house, who is visited by his city cousin and learns that he has inherited Tallyhoe Lodge in London. They leave to run a gauntlet of adventures, from which William returns to settle gratefully in his peaceful country retreat.
Among musical interpretations, there have been the following:
Louis-Nicolas Clérambault set words based on La Fontaine's fable in the 1730s
Jacques Offenbach included it in Six Fables de La Fontaine (1842) for soprano and small orchestra
Benjamin Godard, the last of his Six Fables de La Fontaine (op. 17, 1872/9)
Auguste Moutin (1821–1900) set it as a song in 1876.
Ernest Reyer set La Fontaine's fable for his own performance
Jean-René Quignard for 2 children's voices
Isabelle Aboulker's setting of La Fontaine's words is on her composite CD Les Fables Enchantées (1979)
Ida Gotkovsky, the third fable in her Hommage à Jean de La Fontaine for choir and orchestra, commissioned for the tercentenary of La Fontaine's death (1995)
Claude Ballif, the fourth of his Chansonettes : 5 Fables de La Fontaine for small mixed choir (Op.72, Nº1 1995)
Debra Kaye set Richard Scrafton Sharpe's lyric version of the fable for mezzo-soprano and piano in 1998. She describes this as 'a mini-opera' that combines the simplicity of folk music and operatic styles.
Dominique Rebaud choreographed the story in Annie Sellem's dance production of Les Fables à La Fontaine in 2004. It is set as a duo which contrasts the routines of contemporary dance and hip-hop. This segment also figures among the four included in the film of the same title made by Marie-Hélène Rebois in 2004.
References
Further reading
External links
Greek versions and European illustrations
Book illustrations from the 15th to the 20th centuries online
Aesop's Fables
ATU 100-149
Fictional mice and rats
Literary duos
La Fontaine's Fables
English-language idioms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Town%20Mouse%20and%20the%20Country%20Mouse |
Dili Municipality (, ) is one of the 14 municipalities, formerly districts, of Timor-Leste, and includes the national capital Dili. The municipality had a population of 277,279 , most of whom live in the capital city.
Etymology
Several explanations have been proffered for the origin of the municipality's name. It is often explained, including by the municipality's own website, as being derived from the Tetum word , which means pawpaw. According to Australian linguist, ethnologist and historian Geoffrey Hull, however, that explanation is phonologically and historically implausible, as the language spoken in the area now known as Dili before the Portuguese established their seat of administration there in 1769 was Mambai, not Tetum. Hull describes such explanations as "folk etymology".
In Hull's view, the word Dili appears to be cognate with the Bunak word zili (), a reference to the escarpment behind the city; he comments that a Papuan language, of which Bunak is an example, was spoken in the Dili area before the spread of the Austronesian-based Mambai and Tetum languages.
Another "folk etymology" explanation suggested by the municipality is that its name is derived from the Portuguese word , which, in turn, is an approximation of the Tetum expression (). According to the municipality, there were lots of hemp trees in what is now the suco of at the centre of the then , which covered present day Dili. Every year, the local community held a traditional dance ceremony, and also offered sacrifices for the hemp tree. The local people believed that the Portuguese word meant 'sacred eye', and so they adopted it as the area's name.
Geography
Since 1 January 2022, Dili has been the second smallest municipality in East Timor by area, at . It also has the highest population. It lies on the north coast of the island of Timor facing Ombai Strait, and borders the municipalities of Manatuto to the east, Aileu to the south, and Liquiçá to the west.
Atauro Island, to the north of the municipality opposite the capital, was one of Dili's administrative posts until the end of 2021, when it became a separate municipality.
Dili is the economic and political centre of East Timor.
Administrative posts
The municipality's administrative posts (formerly sub-districts) are:
Cristo Rei
Dom Aleixo
Metinaro
Nain Feto; and
Vera Cruz
The administrative posts are divided into 31 sucos ("villages") in total.
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
– official site (in Tetum with some content in English)
– information page on Ministry of State Administration site
Municipalities of East Timor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dili%20Municipality |
The Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway was a railway company that opened in 1882, giving a rail connection to shipyards and other industry that developed in what became Clydebank. At first it was a purely local line, connecting only at Stobcross with the North British Railway, but as industry developed in the area it served it became increasingly important.
It was built from a junction near the present-day Jordanhill railway station to a terminus at Clydebank, and in 1897 it was extended to Dalmuir.
Most of the route is still in use as the Yoker section of the North Clyde suburban network.
History
North Clyde railways
In 1858 the Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway opened, forming the first railway connection from the city to the north bank of the Clyde. However the line ran a considerable distance from the river until it reached Bowling, and the intervening area was for the time being undeveloped.
At the time, industry was concentrated in the city and the berthing of ships took place at the Broomielaw. Larger berthing facilities were needed, and the Clyde Commissioners constructed a new dock at Stobcross; it opened in 1877, and was called The Queen's Dock. By this time the North British Railway (NBR) had taken over the Glasgow, Dumbarton and Helensburgh Railway, and the NBR built a line to the dock. The Stobcross Railway opened in 1874, for goods and mineral traffic only. The Stobcross line ran in a wide sweep round the north of Glasgow through Maryhill, then a remote rural town, and then south and south-east through Partick, where there was a goods station.
Also in 1874 the Whiteinch Railway opened; this was also a goods-only railway, running from the Stobcross line south to a Whiteinch goods station on the Dumbarton Road. This was built to support a small enclave of industry that had built up in the area, which was otherwise remote.
Clydebank
In July 1872 the Clyde Trustees evicted the Govan shipyard of J and G Thomson, and the company established a new yard downstream on the other bank at what became Clydebank. The shipyard workers of course all lived locally to Govan, and the company conveyed them to and from their place of work in an old steamer, the Vulcan. Heavy materials too were brought in by steamer. Over the succeeding years other industrial premises opened nearby, also using the river as their transport medium. J & G Thomson promoted the idea of a railway, at first to be called the Glasgow, Yoker and Dalmuir Railway, but the Forth and Cart Canal, a branch of the Forth and Clyde Canal proved awkward, and the idea was cut back to reach Clydebank only.
Glasgow Yoker and Clydebank
On 4 July 1878 the Glasgow, Yoker and Clydebank Railway obtained its authorising Act of Parliament, to build a line connecting the Clydebank site with the Stobcross Railway. Local industrialists who would benefit from the line subscribed £65,000, and the remaining £17,500 was put forward by the North British Railway.
The railway opened as a single line on 1 December 1882, with stations at Partick (on the Stobcross line) and Yoker. Partick could be reached by the Govan Ferry, and the Yoker station was not far from the Renfrew ferry. Goods traffic was of course significant, and the passenger service was not connected to the rest of the railway network for the time being; there was no passenger station at Stobcross. The passenger trains were not run at suitable times for the workers at first, and they continued to use the steamer. The line was worked by the North British Railway.
The construction appears to have exceeded its estimated cost, for in 1888 debentures were redeemed by a preference share issue at a face value of £28,241.
Singer sewing machines
A year after the opening of the Clydebank line, the Singer Manufacturing Company opened the plant that became their sewing machine factory adjacent to Kilbowie, on the GD&HR line nearby. This plant grew immensely, and encouraged other industries to set up in the area, so that Clydebank in general, served by both lines, became an important industrial complex.
Glasgow City and District Railway
The North British Railway network had suffered from the circuitous connection from Queen Street passenger terminal and College goods station to get access to the north Clyde lines, and in 1886 a great improvement was made when the Glasgow City and District Railway opened. This ran east to west through the city as a sub-surface line, connecting with the original Stobcross Railway end on; a new passenger station named Finnieston was provided there. This transformed the access for suburban passenger trains but also for goods and mineral traffic which could now run direct from Sighthill.
A rival line
The Caledonian Railway had long felt that it was losing out in its poor access to the north bank of the Clyde, and it encouraged the construction of the Lanarkshire and Dumbartonshire Railway (the company used the variant spelling of Dumbartonshire). This opened in 1896, running generally closer to the Clyde than the North British lines, and giving more convenient access for goods and passenger purposes to many of the industrial sites. The North British managed to get a clause inserted into the L&DR Act restraining that company from opposing a westward extension of the GY&CR.
Extending the GY&C line
The limited potential of the GY&C line proved to be a problem, and encouraged by the NBR, the GY&CR tried to get approval for a line onwards to Dalmuir, but in 1892 this was turned down by Parliament.
However, in 1893 an Act was obtained authorising doubling of the single line and extension from Clydebank to Dalmuir. The GY&CR was still independent but this work was carried out collaboratively with the NBR, which guaranteed the GY&CR 6% on capital. The extension started a little to the east of the Clydebank terminus, which was therefore left on a dead end section. A new Clydebank station was opened on Kilbowie Road, and this station was known as Clydebank Central. The old terminus was renamed Clydebank East and continued to be the terminus for some suburban passenger trains. At Dalmuir the extension converged with the GD&HR line, now owned by the NBR. The point of convergence was to the west of the existing Dalmuir station, which was near Park Road. The GY&CR line passed under the GD&HTR line and a new Dalmuir station with platforms on both lines was opened at Duntocher Road.
The doubling of the original GY&CR was completed on 13 December 1896, and the extension opened on 8 May 1897 for goods and mineral trains and on 17 May 1897. the through line was an instant success with passengers. the old terminus continued to be used as an end point for some suburban trains, and also as a starting and finishing point for excursions, until 1959.
The GY&CR was absorbed by the North British Railway on 15 July 1897.
The Jordanhill Loop and Rothesay Dock
The pressure to provide expanded quay facilities for larger vessels continued, and the Clyde Commissioners opened the new Rothesay Dock near Clydebank on 25 April 1907. Just as with the Queen's Dock, it was essential to provide rail access to it, and it lay alongside the GY&CR line, from which the connection was provided. A considerable volume of freight traffic was foreseen, and a connection at Jordanhill was provided to give direct access from Clydebank towards Maryhill.
At the area close to the present-day Jordanhill station, the Stobcross Railway had run from north to east on a tight curve, passing the hospital grounds. When the GY&CR line opened, that ran directly west from the Stobcross line, at Yoker Junction. A north to west curve, the Jordanhill Loop, forming a triangle, was constructed, giving the required direct access from the Yoker line towards the Maryhill direction.
From 1923
In 1923 the main line railways of Great Britain were "grouped" by Act of Parliament, the Railways Act 1921 into four large units; the North British Railway was a "constituent" of the new London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). By now the GY&CR line was fully integrated into the passenger and goods network on the north bank of the Clyde.
The railways were then nationalised in 1948, the Scottish lines forming part of British Railways Scottish Region.
The L&DR line was now in the same management unit, and as social patterns changed and some heavy industry declined, the need for two competing networks along the Clyde was called into question. In fact the NBR network was designated for modernisation under a plan of 1955; the modernisation in fact became a scheme to electrify the passenger train operation, and this became effective in 1960. Most of the L&DR section closed, although a number of short sections were retained to give continued access to industrial sites.
The Rothesay Dock line was closed in the 1960s, but it was reopened when imported coal was brought to the dock in the early 1980s. Traffic ceased again in 1988 and the line has since been removed.
Clydebank East, the original Clydebank terminus, closed in 1959, but in the final decade the terminus was the originating point of "Starlight Specials" which were overnight services to London at cheap fares.
The remainder of the GY&CR line continues in heavy use today as part of the Glasgow suburban network.
In 1987 a passenger train maintenance depot was constructed at Yoker, together with a signalling centre, in a site formerly occupied by goods sidings, south of the line.
Topography
The locations on the line were:
Yoker Junction;
Scotstounhill; opened July 1883;
Garscadden; opened 7 November 1960;
Clydebank Dock Junction; divergence of line to Rothesay Dock;
Yoker; opened 1 December 1882;
Clydebank Junction;
Clydebank; terminus; opened 1 December 1882; renamed Clydebank East 17 May 1897 when by-passing line to Dalmuir opened; closed 14 September 1959;
Clydebank Central; opened 17 May 1897; closed 1 January 1917; reopened 2 June 1919; renamed Clydebank 1965;
Dalmuir; opened 17 May 1897 with platforms on the GY&CR and the GD&HR lines, replacing an earlier station some distance to the east on GD&HR line.
References
Notes
Sources
Early Scottish railway companies
Railway lines in Scotland
Transport in Glasgow
Transport in West Dunbartonshire
North British Railway
Railway companies established in 1878
Railway companies disestablished in 1897
1878 establishments in Scotland
Railway lines opened in 1882
British companies established in 1878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow%2C%20Yoker%20and%20Clydebank%20Railway |
The Open Graphics Project (OGP) was founded with the goal to design an open-source hardware / open architecture and standard for graphics cards, primarily targeting free software / open-source operating systems. The project created a reprogrammable development and prototyping board and had aimed to eventually produce a full-featured and competitive end-user graphics card.
OGD1
The project's first product was a PCI graphics card dubbed OGD1, which used a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. Although the card could not compete with graphics cards on the market at the time in terms of performance or functionality, it was intended to be useful as a tool for prototyping the project's first application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) board, as well as for other professionals needing programmable graphics cards or FPGA-based prototyping boards. It was also hoped that this prototype would attract enough interest to gain some profit and attract investors for the next card, since it was expected to cost around US$2,000,000 to start the production of a specialized ASIC design. PCI Express and/or Mini-PCI variations were planned to follow. The OGD1 began shipping in September 2010, some six years after the project began and 3 years after the appearance of the first prototypes.
Full specifications will be published and open-source device drivers will be released. All RTL will be released. Source code to the device drivers and BIOS will be released under the MIT and BSD licenses. The RTL (in Verilog) used for the FPGA and the RTL used for the ASIC are planned to be released under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
It has 256 MiB of DDR RAM, is passively cooled, and follows the DDC, EDID, DPMS and VBE VESA standards. TV-out is also planned.
Versioning schema
Versioning schema for OGD1 will go like this:
{Root Number} – {Video Memory}{Video Output Interfaces}{Special Options e.g.: A1 OGA firmware installed}
OGD1 components
Main components of OGD1 graphics card (shown on the picture)
A) DVI transmitter pair A
B) DVI transmitter pair B
C) 330MHz triple 10-bit DAC (behind)
D) TV chip
E) 2x4 256 megabit DDR SDRAM (front, behind)
F) Xilinx 3S4000 FPGA (main chip)
G) Lattice XP10 FPGA (host interface)
H) SPI PROM 1 Mibit
J) SPI PROM 16 Mibit
K) 3x 500 MHz DACs (optional)
L) 64-bit PCI-X edge connector
M) DVI-I connector A and connector B
N) S-Video connector
O) 100-pin expansion bus connector
Divisions/terms related to OGP
Open Graphics Project (OGP)The group of people developing OGA, its written documentation, and its products.
Open Graphics Architecture (OGA)The trade name for open graphics architectures specified by the Open Graphics Project.
Open Graphics Development (OGD)The initial FPGA-based experimentation board used as a test platform for TRV ASICs.
Traversal Technology (TRV)The commercial name for the first ASIC products, based on the Open Graphics Architecture.
Open Graphics Card (OGC)Graphics cards based on TRV chips.
Open Hardware Foundation (OHF)A non-profit corporation whose charter is to promote the design and production of open-source and open-documentation hardware.
See also
Graphics hardware and FOSS
Open-source hardware
Open system (computing)
RISC-V
References
External links
The official Open Graphics wiki
Project VGA – another free graphics core project, aiming at cheaper hardware
Manticore – an older FPGA-based free graphics core implementation. As of 2009-05-04 no source is available.
The master thesis "An FPGA-based 3D Graphics System" illustrates very well the design decisions to make, while developing a FPGA-based 3D graphics core.
The master thesis "A performance-driven SoC architecture for video synthesis" gives a more complete and hands-on approach of some aspects.
Graphics hardware
Information technology projects
Open hardware electronic devices
Open-source hardware
Graphics cards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Graphics%20Project |
The Journal of Finance is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Finance Association. It was established in 1946. The editor-in-chief is Antoinette Schoar. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 7.870, ranking it 6th out of 111 journals in the category "Business, Finance" and 16th out of 381 journals in the category "Economics".
Editors
The editorial board consists of the editor, co-editors, and associate editors. The current editor is Antoinette Schoar (MIT).
The following persons are or have been editor-in-chief of the journal:
Awards
Each year the associate editors vote for the best papers published in the journal. The Smith Breeden Prize is awarded for the best finance papers and the Brattle Prize for the best corporate finance research papers.
References
External links
Finance journals
Academic journals established in 1946
Wiley-Blackwell academic journals
Bimonthly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals associated with learned and professional societies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Journal%20of%20Finance |
Belogorsk or Bilohirsk (; ) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia and Ukraine.
Urban localities
Belogorsk, Amur Oblast, a town in Amur Oblast; administratively incorporated as an urban okrug
Bilohirsk (Crimea), recognized by many countries as part of Ukraine
Belogorsk, Kemerovo Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Tisulsky District of Kemerovo Oblast
Rural localities
Belogorsk, Irkutsk Oblast, a settlement in Usolsky District of Irkutsk Oblast | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belogorsk |
Gauteng (formerly Transvaal) is the first-class cricket team of the southern parts of Gauteng province of South Africa. The team was called Transvaal from April 1890 to April 1997 (the area north of Johannesburg, including Pretoria being part of the Northerns, formerly Northern Transvaal). Under the main competition's various names – the Currie Cup, then the Castle Cup, now the SuperSport Series – Transvaal/Gauteng cricket team has been the most successful of the South African domestic sides, winning 25 times. The club's most glorious period was the 1980s when they were dubbed the "Mean Machine".
For the purposes of the SuperSport Series, Gauteng merged with North West (formerly Western Transvaal) to form the Highveld Lions or, more simply, "the Lions" (from October 2004 to 2021).
Honours
Currie Cup (25) - 1889–90, 1894–95, 1902–03, 1903–04, 1904–05, 1906–07, 1923–24, 1925–26, 1926–27, 1929–30, 1934–35, 1950–51, 1958–59, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1999–00; shared (4) - 1921–22, 1937–38, 1965–66, 1969–70
Standard Bank Cup (6) - 1981–82, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1992–93, 1997–98, 2003–04
South African Airways Provincial Three-Day Challenge (2) - 2006–07, 2012-13; 'shared (1) – 2014-15
South African Airways Provincial One-Day Challenge (1) - 2007–08
Gillette/Nissan Cup (9) - 1973–74, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1990–91
Squad
In April 2021, Cricket South Africa confirmed the following squad ahead of the 2021–22 season.
Bjorn Fortuin
Wiaan Mulder
Lutho Sipamla
Kagiso Rapulana
Ryan Rickelton
Joshua Richards
Sisanda Magala
Dominic Hendricks
Tladi Bokako
Malusi Siboto
Duanne Olivier
Ruan Haasbroek
Tshepo Ntuli
Mitchell van Buuren
Codi Yusuf
Levert Manje
Kagiso Rabada
Rassie van der Dussen
Temba Bavuma
Reeza Hendricks
Former players
Among the notable players are: Clive Rice, Jimmy Cook, Sylvester Clarke, Graeme Pollock, Alvin Kallicharran, Roy Pienaar, Hugh Page, Richard Snell, Henry Fotheringham, Ray Jennings and Rohan Kanhai.
Venues
Venues have included:
Old Wanderers, Johannesburg (1891–1946)
Berea Park, Pretoria (occasional venue Dec 1906 - Jan 1932; Northerns venue from 1937)
Willowmoore Park, Benoni (occasional venue Dec 1923 - Dec 1931; Northerns venue from 1948)
Ellis Park, Johannesburg (1946–1956)
New Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg (1956–present)
Vereeniging Brick and Tile Recreation Ground (one game in 1966)
New Wanderers No 1 Oval, Johannesburg (occasional venue Nov 1968 - Dec 1991)
Strathvaal Cricket Club A Ground, Stilfontein (occasional venue Dec 1963 - March 1976)
South African Defence Force Ground, Potchefstroom (one game in Dec 1972)
Lenasia Stadium, Johannesburg South (occasional venue Jan 1977 - Nov 2002)
George Lea Sports Club, Johannesburg (two games in 1983)
Dick Fourie Stadium, Vereeniging (two matches 1989 - 1991)
NF Oppenheimer Ground, Randjesfontein (three matches 1995 - 2004)
References
Sources
South African Cricket Annual – various editions
Wisden Cricketers' Almanack – various editions
"Cricinfo"
South African first-class cricket teams
Highveld Lions
Cricket teams in Gauteng | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauteng%20%28cricket%20team%29 |
The Irish Land and Labour Association (ILLA) was a progressive movement founded in the early 1890s in Munster, Ireland, to organise and pursue political agitation for small tenant farmers' and rural labourers' rights. Its branches also spread into Connacht. The ILLA was known under different names—Land and Labour Association (LLA) or League (LLL). Its branches were active for almost thirty years, and had considerable success in propagating labour ideals before their traditions became the basis for the new labour and trade unions movements, with which they gradually amalgamated.
Background
Following the early formation of the Tenant Right League in 1850, which first demanded the adoption and enforcement of the Three Fs to aid Irish tenant farmers, namely
fair rent;
fixity of tenure;
free sale;
all of whom lacked these rights, the first ineffective Irish Land Acts of 1870, 1880 and 1881 followed. By giving priority to farming interests, the Acts severely restricted labourers' cottage building, generally in the hands of landowners. The additional half-heartedness shown towards labourers' housing by the Acts was symptomatic of the fact that rural labourers had been little involved in the Irish Land League's Land War waged on behalf of small tenant farmers by Michael Davitt and William O'Brien from 1879 to 1882 in the poorer regions of Connacht and Munster, where conditions were especially severe. Together with Charles Stewart Parnell and his party lieutenants, they went into a bitter verbal offensive and were imprisoned in October 1881 under the Irish Coercion Act in Kilmainham Jail for "sabotaging the Land Act", from where the No Rent Manifesto was issued calling for a national tenant farmer rent strike which was partially followed. Although the League discouraged violence, agrarian crimes increased widely.
In 1881, nearly 75% of Irish people lived in rural areas. About 38% of these comprised the agricultural workforce, of which nearly 70% were agricultural labourers, 25% of these forming a class of 'landless' labourers, an estimated 60,000 in number, together with their families amounting to nearly a quarter of a million of the rural population, struggling to survive in the squalor of 40,000 one room 'cabins' (together with their animals if they could afford them). Their simple twin demand was for a decent home and a small piece of land. The Land League was thus forced to also address labourer's issues.
The first phase of Irish Tenant and Labourers (Land Purchase) Acts from 1883 to 1906 began with the 1883 Land Purchase (Ireland) Act, which was cumbersome, as was the Purchase of Land (Ireland) Act 1885 or Ashbourne Act. Both had to be amended in 1886 but nevertheless were a tentative start to land purchase under which initially 25,867 tenants were turned into owners of their farms. The Acts empowered to initiate schemes for building labourers' cottages with half acre allotments, the expenses of these to be met from local rates. They were therefore unpopular and few were built, as both the empowered Guardians and local farmers were themselves the ratepayers. The Acts were further overshadowed by two events: first, due to falling prices for agricultural produce and bad weather tenants could not pay their rent and united in the Plan of Campaign to withhold excessive rents. At the same time, Charles Stewart Parnell and the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP) held the balance of power in the House of Commons. Their key concern in 1886 turned to Gladstone's First Irish Home Rule Bill, which was subsequently defeated.
Although Parnell had become converted to the labourers' cause whilst in Kilmainham Gaol, after he became leader of the IPP their cause fell victim to his distancing himself from the Plan of Campaign in the interest of pursuing Home Rule. Then further by his fall from power in 1891 and the ensuing Party split, aggravated by the rejection of the Second Irish Home Rule Bill by the House of Lords in 1893. Not least, from the middle of the 1890s less than 1,000 cottages a year were being built for small tenant farmers or privileged labourers.
Origins
Acting in response to specific local needs, be it housing, land or employment, steadfast local spirits sustained Trade and Labour Leagues in parts of Cos Wicklow, Kilkenny, Laois, Kildare, Roscommon, Tyrone and Tipperary. However it was not until the formation of the Knights of the Plough a farm labourers' body founded by Benjamin Pellin, a small land-owner in the William Thompson tradition, at Narraghmore, County Kildare in June 1892, and of the National Labour League in Kanturk in January 1893, that the required organisation of the labourers began to take shape.
The rural area of North Cork around Kanturk and Duhallow had been since the 1860s a centre of labourer agitation and strikes, forming a number of early trade unions. In 1869 P. F. Johnson founded the Kanturk Labourers' Club (the first organised body to represent agricultural labourers) as well as the Irish Agricultural Labourers' Union (IALU) 1873 also in Kanturk, but these faded by 1875 due to lack of support from the nationalist home rule directory.
The most successful organisation was later the Kanturk Trade and Labour Association established in 1889 with the assistance amongst others, of a young man as its secretary, D. D. Sheehan who had experienced eviction with his family at the height of the Land League's Land War in 1880, when his father followed William O'Brien's "Pay No Rent" manifesto, their farm taken over by a "land-grabber" who paid their rent arrears. The Kanturk Association spread to other districts under a new title, the Duhallow Trade and Labour Association, in which Michael Davitt also became involved, until it broke up under the Irish Party's "Parnell split" in 1891.
It was realised on all sides, that the 1884 enfranchisement of the labourers had been insufficient in itself to wrest solutions to grievances from the state and the rural upper- and middle-classes. The control exercised over the implementation of the labourers' acts by conservative elements in rural society had had a ruinous affect. This finally brought the labourers' bodies together to gain political muscle. It became the raison d'être for calling a labour convention at Limerick Junction, County Tipperary on 15 August 1894, at which the Irish Land and Labour Association was created and officially launched, its founders D. D. Sheehan as chairman together with a young Carrick-on-Suir solicitor J. J. O'Shee as its secretary. It was formed to agitate on behalf of small tenant farmers and agrarian labourers as follower organisation to Michael Davitts' and Michael Austins' 1890 founded Irish Democratic Trade and Labour Federation, setting forth its broad but short-lived achievements.
Sheehan founded the Association to pursue tenant-farmer and labourer's grievances as a labour lobby within the nationalist movement, demanding radical changes to the inadequate Irish Land Acts. With labourers "as strangers in a strange land, without influence and without rights" it was to be expected that obstructions placed in the path of the labourers' welfare by landowners and farmers would invite bitter recrimination at the new Associations meetings. The Association would prove itself to be the most enduring of the labour groups. Agrarian agitation was unique in that it was an all-Ireland agitation. Ulster tenant-farmers and labourers equally demanded rights, their movement the Farmers and Labourers Union led by T. W. Russell. The Irish Trade Union Congress passed a motion in 1896 which recommended that in every parish in Ireland, a branch of the ILLA be founded.
Programme
The passing of the revolutionary Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898, a "grass roots home rule" Act, totally reorganised the old aristocratic landlord "Grand Juries", eliminating their power by transferring it to Local County Councils elected by tenant farmers, town traders and labourers. The creation of the new councils had a significant effect on Ireland as it allowed local people to take decisions affecting themselves. The County and the sub-county District Councils also created a political platform for proponents of Irish Home Rule, displacing Unionist influence in many areas. The enfranchisement of local electors allowed the development of a new political class, creating a significant body of experienced politicians who began to take local affairs into their own hands. This coincided with William O'Brien founding the United Irish League (UIL), the wide expansion of the agricultural co-operative movement established earlier by Horace Plunkett and Sheehan becoming both President of the ILLA and editor of the Skibbereen based The Southern Star newspaper. He assured that the ILLA as well as the UIL were given weekly press coverage of their branch reports, particularly crucial for the expansion and growth of the UIL in Cork.
The Act was immediately recognised by the labourers, who for the first time held both active and passive electoral franchise, as a means to achieving their interests and facilitating those who desired to help them on local county councils. The prospects offered by the Act of radically overhauling the socio-economic distribution of political power in the countryside was not lost on the labourer movement. The ILLA took resolute steps to both organise the voting power of the labourers and to see to the 'proposal of labour candidates'.
Modelling themselves on Davitt’s concepts, the ILLA platform included demands for:
– land for the people
– houses for the people
– work and wages for the people
– education for the people
– state pensions for old people
– all local rents shall be paid by the ground landlords.
Its strategy was to achieve these through political and parliamentary leverage, pressure of the press and public agitation rather than by physical-force means or trade union action.
Objectives
The name of the association was somewhat anomalous, as it strived to represent and pursue the twofold interests of small tenant farmers and rural agrarian labourers. Both were a deprived and down trodden class supporting each other in their common plight, tenant farmers paying excessive rents or suffering eviction, labourers "compelled to live in hovels not fit to house the brute beast of the field" (Sheehan's later House of Commons speech). The objectives of the ILLA were therefore to achieve tenant land purchase, new and improved housing, welfare working conditions and access to land holdings for rural labourers.
ILLA concern for other labour issues developed after the Local Government Act transferred responsibility for cottage building, land reclamation, drainage, road building, their repair and maintenance, to the County and District Councils. This called for considerable ILLA involvement when it came to tenders for contract work and the fair employment of local contractors and labour, settling disputes and complaints, often arising out of local political patronage. The situation of previously evicted tenants, now reduced to landless labourers, was also on their agenda.
Propertied classes' hostility
However where initial success such as the election of five of the Association's Central Council to County Councils, it was nullified by the continued domination of farmers and landowners in the local authorities. Where the Land and Labour Association clashed with the propertied classes' interests, it was excluded from all effective political action, which even led to the exclusion of the labourers from United Irish League meetings. The belief of J.F.X. O'Brien and others was that there should be no separate labour organisation alongside the UIL, which attempted to tactfully bring the Association and its followers under its wing. John Redmond's sedulous refusal to consider direct Parliamentary representation for the Land and Labour Association was but an instance of the propertied classes' obsession with maintaining their hold over national politics.
The desire to keep the labouring classes in tow prompted the United Irish League to eventually give the Land and Labour Association entry to national councils in 1900. The failure of the UIL and the Irish Party to either refer to the labourers in their deliberations or to do anything for them at Westminster indicated the Associations intended subservient position. It took the Mid-Cork by-election of 1901 to show that the understanding between the UIL and the ILLA was paper-thin. When it became clear that the ILLA candidate, D. D. Sheehan, was going to make an impact, he was accused of being an "anti-Healyite" and that his first allegiance was to the labourers rather than to the party, expressed the class bias of the Irish Party against the workers.
Land proprietors
By the turn of the century the working class segment of the electorate were a new labour power to be reckoned with, a very worthy class to be courted and flattered at election time. They displayed their depth of support for the labour movement in Cork at the UIL selection convention for the Mid-Cork by-election of May 1901. Amidst turbulent and occasionally violent scenes in Macroom on 10 May, their President D. D. Sheehan, standing on a strictly labour platform, defeated the local UIL candidate of the Irish Party on a second ballot. This after an initial attempt by Joseph Devlin (representing the UIL National Directory), to exclude a number of ILLA branches from the convention. In this respect Sheehans’ return on a labour-nationalist ticket as Mid-Cork Member of Parliament (1901–1918) to the House of Commons exposed the divide between rural labourers and the elitist nationalism of the UIL/IPP classes, which was to deepen by the end of the decade.
Rural workers were quick to grasp the potential of local democracy for plots, cottages and direct labour on council road-works. Their ILLA organisation had grown to 98 branches by 1899, expanding to 144 branches in 1904 mainly in counties Cork, Limerick and Tipperary.
UIL agitation by tenant farmers continued to press for compulsory land purchase and resulted in the calling of the December 1902 Land Conference, an initiative by moderate landlords led by Lord Dunraven on the one hand and William O'Brien, John Redmond MP, Timothy Harrington MP and Ulster's T. W. Russell MP representing tenant farmers on the other hand. It strove for a settlement by conciliatory agreement between landlord and tenant. After six sittings all eight tenant's demands were conceded, O'Brien having guided the official nationalist movement into endorsement of a new policy of conciliation. He followed this by campaigning vigorously for the greatest piece of social legislation Ireland had yet seen, orchestrating the Wyndham Land Purchase Act (1903) through Parliament. The Act provided very generous bonus subsidy terms to landowners on sale.
Purchases between tenants and landlords were negotiated by Sheehan and the ILLA branches after O'Brien and Sheehan formed a Cork Advisory Committee in September 1904, to mediate between landlords and tenants in their negotiations. They thereby achieved purchase terms with low interest annuities which produced an exceptionally high take-up of land purchase. Munster tenants availed of land purchase in higher numbers than in any other province, whereby in county Cork alone there were 16,159 tenant land purchases, the highest numbers of any single county.
The Act effectively fulfilled the first important demand of the ILLA, the abolition of "landlordism", replaced by land purchase, to finally resolve the Land Question. The result was the formation of a new proud farming proprietorship and the steady extinction of the dominant Anglo-Irish landed gentry. Whereas in 1870 only 3% of Irish farmers owned their land, by 1908, this jumped to nearly 50%. By the early 1920s, the figure was at 70%, the process being later completed.
Despite some deficiencies of the Land Act, O'Brien could take some pride in its working since its passage. The social effects of the Act were immediate The year 1903 alone saw a 33% drop in reports of intimidation, a 70% decline in boycotting cases, 60% fewer people needing police protection, and a 50% decrease in the number and acreage of grazing farms unlet or unstocked because of agitation. In the period 1903 to 1909 over 200,000 small peasant tenant-farmers became "owneroccupiers" of their holdings under the Acts. By 1914 75% of occupiers were buying out their landlords under the 1903 Act and the later Birrell Land Purchase (Ireland) Act (1909) which extended the 1903 Act by allowing for the compulsory purchase of tenanted farmland by the Land Commission. In all, under these pre-1921 Land Acts over 316,000 tenants purchased their holdings amounting to out of a total of 20 million in the country.
Cottage ownership
In November 1903 O'Brien left the Irish Party when his policy of "conciliation" with landowners was rejected by the party leaders John Redmond and John Dillon, who feared O’Brien’s course and popularity would drive a wedge between the farming and labouring community allegiance to the Irish party.
O'Brien then joined forces a year later with Sheehan's ILLA organisation, identifying himself with Sheehan's demand for agricultural labourers' housing, who up to then were dependent on limited provision of cottages by local County Councils or landowners at unfavourable terms. A breakthrough occurred when a scheme was made public at "the largest labour demonstration ever held in Ireland" (Cork Examiner), a memorable rally in Macroom on 10 December 1904 addressed by William O'Brien. His concepts became known as the `Macroom Programme´, its principles and measures subsequently carried into law in 1906.
The Second Phase of the Labourers Acts (1906–1914) began after the unprecedented Labourers (Ireland) Act, long demanded by the ILLA was won in 1906, for which both the Redmondite and O'Brienite factions were zealous in claiming credit. Credit was also claimed for an O'Brien ally, Thomas Russell, MP, the son of an evicted Scottish crofter, who had broken with the Conservatives in the Irish Unionist Alliance and was returned to Westminster from South Tyrone as the champion of the Ulster Farmers and Labourers Union.
The so called 'Labourers Act' provided large scale funding for extensive state sponsored housing to accommodate rural labourers and others of the working classes. The labourer-owned cottages erected by the Local County Councils brought about a major socio-economic transformation, by simultaneously erasing the previous inhuman habitations. O'Brien saying that the Labourers Acts – "were scarcely less wonderworking than the abolition of landlordism itself". In 1904 Davitt going so far as to declare that the Labourers Acts constituted – "a rational principle of state Socialism".
In the next five years the programme produced a complete 'municipalisation' of over 40,000 additional commodious working-class dwellings dotting the rural Irish countryside, the proportionally larger number of 7,560 cottages erected in County Cork in co-ordination with Sheehan and the ILLA branches became known locally as "Sheehans' cottages". At first the compulsory surrender of an acre of choice land to each labourer who claimed it was resisted by the new land owning farmers. In due course they too reaped the benefits, gone the days when a farmer never knew when or where to find labour to work his fields. Either they were migrants or drink ridden. Now occupying their own proud family home and vegetable patch at the corner of his farm, they worked cooperatively for him all year round. This had enormous long-term consequences for rural Irish society.
Only 17 per cent of labourers had lived in houses with five or more rooms in 1841; in 1861 one rural family in ten still lived in what were classed by the census as fourth class accommodation, essentially meaning one room per family. By 1911 only one per cent of families did. The bulk of the labourers' cottages were erected by 1916, resulting in a widespread decline of rampant tuberculosis, typhoid and scarlet fever. Up to a quarter of a million were housed under the Labourers Acts by 1921. It is not an exaggeration to term it a social revolution, in a sense it was the first large-scale public-housing schemes in the country, a development neglected by historians, because the houses, rural based and more scattered, were not as evident as the urban tenements, that officialdom would not even look into.
Aims accomplished
Additional funding for the erection of a further 5000 cottages was won under the follow-on Labourers (Ireland) Act (1911), Sheehan making the concluding speech during the passage of the bill. Although he retired from the LLA in 1910, Sheehan remained active in the labour movement as its leader in Munster. Around 1912, Ireland was economically one of the prosperous small countries of Europe. D. D. Sheehan maintained in 1921, that the labourers, as a result of these housing acts (particularly the landmark 1906 bill), "were no longer a people to be kicked and cuffed and ordered about by the schoneens and squireens of the district; they became a very worthy class indeed, to be courted and flattered at election times and wheedled with all sorts of fair promises of what could be done for them".
Having successfully settled the main grievances of small tenant farmers and agrarian labourers, O'Brien and Sheehan moved on by turning their attention to the unresolved question of the Home Rule Movement, founding for this purpose a new organisation, the All-for-Ireland League, many LLA branches joining the League.
Adversity
The Irish Parliamentary Party, after had it alienated O'Brien from the party in 1903, tried by every means to curtail his activities after he became associated with Sheehan's ILLA, regarding their conciliatory approach in the land question as a dangerous deviation from party policy. In the manner in which the Party took control of O'Brien's UIL through the involvement of Joseph Devlin, Redmond and Dillon were determined to undermine O'Brien and "squelch that body by getting a few reliable Munster MPs to start a new Land and Labour group and claim it as the legitimate continuation of the original association". In 1905, Dillon's loyal "Redmonite" ally and ILLA secretary J. J. O'Shee was tasked with forming a break-away 'party-subservient' organisation in answer to Sheehan's domination of the original one. Sheehan had however created that domination on order to realize the great democratic principle of the government of the people by the people and for the people in the teeth of party autocracy. A larger section, mainly in counties Cork, Limerick, Kerry and Tipperary, followed Sheehan who renamed it the 'Land and Labour Association' (LLA). Its members sat on most Rural and District County Councils. Splitting-off and in-fighting became symptomatic of all national movements after the Parnell split.
O'Brien and some others rejoined the IPP in 1908 for the sake of unity, but he was again driven out on the occasion of the rigged Dublin National Convention in February 1909, called the "Baton Convention", in a dispute over the financial arrangements for the next stage of the 1909 Land Purchase Act. Regarding himself as having been driven from the party by Hibernian hooligans, O’Brien formed a new movement, the "All-for-Ireland League". By January 1910 further ILLA groups split off, in Cork city P. J. Bradley, building an empire on the title, and William Field MP, as president of a Dublin-based Land and Labour League (LLL), each claiming Irish Party credit for the earlier ILLA achievements. Sheehan resigned the LLA presidency in July 1910, his colleague Cornelius Buckley taking over. Cork then had three LLA factions from 1910 to 1915.
This greatly damaged the labourer’s movement as soon nobody knew which organisation they belonged to. In other counties where branches were long established, they remained independent with divergent local activities, in some cases in Connacht under R. A. Corr, with the dual title Trade and Labour Association (T&LA), as successor to Davitt’s Democratic Labour Federation.
New Labour
By the end of 1919, most ILLA and LLA branches had completed amalgamation with the expanding Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU), some independent branches remaining active in outlying areas of Munster and Connacht into the 1920s, when they in turn fused with the ITGWU, all forming the basis of the new labour movement. Thomas Johnson, first parliamentary leader of the Irish Labour Party is recorded as saying that Labour's strength outside of the urban areas could in part be attributed to the role played by organisations such as the ILLA.
Following the Great War a further 5000 cottage homes were built in both parts of Ireland for returning soldiers, under the Irish Land (Provision for Sailors and Soldiers) Act 1919 which related to the provision of cottages, plots, or gardens and the building of mostly small new housing estates for the veterans at the edge of towns. It was effected by the "Irish soldiers' and sailors' Land Trust", which co-operated with the new Irish Free State.
Later Irish governments continued rural cottage building well into the middle of the 20th. Century, though at a much slower rate, local government funding now largely focused on developing urban rather than hitherto rural housing.
Notes
References
Sheehan, D. D.: Ireland since Parnell (1921) Chapter 14 on the ILLA; accessed May 2009
McKay, Enda: The Housing of the Rural Labourer, 1883–1916, Irish Labour History Society, SAOTHAR Vol.17 pp. 27–38 (1992)
Lane, Pádraig G.: The Land and Labour Association 1894–1914, Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society, Vol.98, pp. 90–106 (1993), Cork City Council Library
Cunningham, John: Labour in the West of Ireland, Athol Books, Belfast (1995),
Frazer, Murray: John Bull's Other Homes, State Housing and British Policy in Ireland, 1883–1922, Liverpool University Press (1995)
Lane, Fintan: The Origins of Modern Irish Socialism, Cork University Press (1995)
O’Donovan, John: Daniel Desmond (D. D.) Sheehan and the Rural Labour Question in Cork, 1894–1910 in Casey, Brian (Ed.): Defying the Law of the Land: Agrarian Radicals in Irish History , History Press (2013)
External links
History of Ireland (1801–1923)
Irish nationalist organisations
Land reform in Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish%20Land%20and%20Labour%20Association |
Nanthild (c. 610 – 642), also known as Nantéchilde, Nanthechilde, Nanthildis, Nanthilde, or Nantechildis, was a Frankish queen consort and regent, the third of many consorts of Dagobert I, king of the Franks (629–639). She was regent during the minority of her son from 639 until 642.
Life
She was of Saxon lineage, born about 608 or 610. The Lexikon des Mittelalters calls her ein Mädchen aus dem Dienstpersonal ("a maiden of the royal [ Austrasian ] household"). Her elevation to consort may have given importance to her relatives: her brother Lanthegisel was an important landowner in the Limousin and a relation of Aldegisel. Dagobert set aside his wife Gomentrude to marry her, ca. 629; to her was born Clovis II, second eldest of Dagobert's surviving sons and the one who succeeded him in Neustria and Burgundy.
After Dagobert's death in January 639, she was initially regent for her son, accompanied by Aega, mayor of the Neustrian palace and an opponent of the powerful contingent of nobles headed by Burgundofaro whose seat was at Meaux.
In the interest of reducing noble Burgundian independence of the Merovingian palace, she married her niece Ragnoberta to the Frank Flaochad and had the magnates and bishops of the realm of Burgundy acclaim him mayor of the palace at Orléans in 642.
Soon she died at Landry in what was then Burgundy, where she had long resided; her body was translated to the Saint Denis Basilica. It is likely that she was poisoned or secretly murdered, as her untimely death allowed her son to fall under the influence of the nobility, who abhorred a strong royal hand.
References
Fredegar's Chronicle, book IV
Geary, Patrick J., 1998. Before France and Germany: The Creation and Transformation of the Merovingian World (Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press)
Wood, Ian, 1994. The Merovingian Kingdoms. 450-751 (London)
Lexikon des Mittelalters vol. VI.1018
610 births
642 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
7th-century women regents
Merovingian dynasty
Queen mothers
Frankish queens consort
Queens consort of Burgundy
Regents of France
7th-century Frankish women
7th-century Frankish nobility | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanthild |
Handel-C is a high-level programming language which targets low-level hardware, most commonly used in the programming of FPGAs. It is a rich subset of C, with non-standard extensions to control hardware instantiation with an emphasis on parallelism. Handel-C is to hardware design what the first high-level programming languages were to programming CPUs. Unlike many other design languages that target a specific architecture Handel-C can be compiled to a number of design languages and then synthesised to the corresponding hardware. This frees developers to concentrate on the programming task at hand rather than the idiosyncrasies of a specific design language and architecture.
Additional features
The subset of C includes all common C language features necessary to describe complex algorithms. Like many embedded C compilers, floating point data types were omitted. Floating point arithmetic is supported through external libraries that are very efficient.
Parallel programs
In order to facilitate a way to describe parallel behavior some of the CSP keywords are used, along with the general file structure of Occam.
For example:
par {
++c;
a = d + e;
b = d + e;
}
Channels
Channels provide a mechanism for message passing between parallel threads. Channels can be defined as asynchronous or synchronous (with or without an inferred storage element respectively). A thread writing to a synchronous channel will be immediately blocked until the corresponding listening thread is ready to receive the message. Likewise the receiving thread will block on a read statement until the sending thread executes the next send. Thus they may be used as a means of synchronizing threads.
par {
chan int a; // declare a synchronous channel
int x;
// begin sending thread
seq (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
a ! i; // send the values 0 to 9 sequentially into the channel
}
// begin receiving thread
seq (j = 0; j < 10; j++) {
a ? x; // perform a sequence of 10 reads from the channel into variable x
delay; // introduce a delay of 1 clock cycle between successive reads
// this has the effect of blocking the sending thread between writes
}
}
Asynchronous channels provide a specified amount of storage for data passing through them in the form of a FIFO. Whilst this FIFO neither full nor empty, both sending and receiving threads may proceed without being blocked. However, when the FIFO is empty, the receiving thread will block at the next read. When it is full, the sending thread will block at the next send. A channel with actors in differing clock domains is automatically asynchronous due to the need for at least one element of storage to mitigate metastability.
A thread may simultaneously wait on multiple channels, synchronous or asynchronous, acting upon the first one available given a specified order of priority or optionally executing an alternate path if none is ready.
Scope and variable sharing
The scope of declarations are limited to the code blocks ({ ... }) in which they were declared, the scope is hierarchical in nature as declarations are in scope within sub blocks.
For example:
int a;
void main(void)
{
int b;
/* "a" and "b" are within scope */
{
int c;
/* "a", "b" and "c" are within scope */
}
{
int d;
/* "a", "b" and "d" are within scope */
}
}
Extensions to the C language
In addition to the effects the standard semantics of C have on the timing of the program, the following keywords are reserved for describing the practicalities of the FPGA environment or for the language elements sourced from Occam:
Scheduling
In Handel-C, assignment and the delay command take one cycle. All other operations are "free". This allows programmers to manually schedule tasks and create effective pipelines. By arranging loops in parallel with the correct delays, pipelines can massively increase data throughput, at the expense of increased hardware resource use.
History
The historical roots of Handel-C are in a series of Oxford University Computing Laboratory hardware description languages developed by the hardware compilation group. Handel HDL evolved into Handel-C around early 1996. The technology developed at Oxford was spun off to mature as a cornerstone product for Embedded Solutions Limited (ESL) in 1996. ESL was renamed Celoxica in September 2000.
Handel-C was adopted by many University Hardware Research groups after its release by ESL, as a result was able to establish itself as a hardware design tool of choice within the academic community, especially in the United Kingdom.
In early 2008, Celoxica's ESL business was acquired by Agility, which developed and sold, among other products, ESL tools supporting Handel-C.
In early 2009, Agility ceased operations after failing to obtain further capital investments or credit
In January 2009, Mentor Graphics acquired Agility's C synthesis assets.
Other subset C HDL's that developed around the same time are Transmogrifier C in 1994 at University of Toronto (now the FpgaC open source project) and Streams-C at Los Alamos National Laboratory (now licensed to Impulse Accelerated Technologies under the name Impulse C)
See also
High- and low-level
C to HDL
References
External links
Handel-C language resources at Mentor Graphics
Oxford Handel-C
C programming language family
Hardware description languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handel-C |
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