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The history of the Socialist Workers Party begins with the formation of the Socialist Review Group in 1950, followed by the creation of the International Socialists in 1962 and continues through to the present day with the formation of the Socialist Workers Party in 1977. Origins The SWP's origins lie in the Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP), which Tony Cliff joined on his arrival from the territory of Palestine where he had been the central leader of that region's small section of the Fourth International (FI). Given his international reputation, Cliff was co-opted onto the leadership body of the RCP although his impact was small at the time given his limited command of English. Indeed, his idiosyncratic use of the English language was to be a subject of jest by both Cliff and his supporters in later years. In the RCP, Cliff was a supporter of the majority tendency of that party around Jock Haston and Ted Grant. Therefore, he supported the perspectives of the RCP at the end of the Second World War which placed the small party in opposition to the new leadership of the Fourth International around Ernest Mandel, then known as Germain, and Michel Raptis, better known as Pablo, which was backed by the American Socialist Workers' Party. In this capacity he wrote All That Glitters is not Gold in which he discussed his view that, contrary to the opinion of the International Secretariat of the Fourth International, there was not going to be a major slump. Cliff also backed Haston when he disputed the growing sympathies of the FI for Josip Broz Tito's Yugoslavia, but by this time Haston was growing demoralised and would soon drop out of revolutionary politics entirely. Cliff however was beginning to develop the idea that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a bureaucratic state capitalist society, prompted in part by earlier arguments pointing in this direction from Haston. Much later Cliff in his autobiography would acknowledge the debt he felt to Haston. There is an irony in this as it has been suggested that Cliff had been briefed by the leadership of the FI, while passing through France, to oppose Haston on just this question, although no proof of this has been made public. More importantly at the time, Haston's collapse and the hostility of the FI to the RCP meant that the party was forced to join the Labour Party. Once inside the Labour Party, its members were instructed to work under the direction of Gerry Healy in his entrist group The Club. This led to many former members of the RCP leaving politics in reaction to Healy's brutal regime and in turn Healy embarked on a campaign of expulsions against anyone who opposed his authority. One consequence of this was that a number of comrades who supported Cliff's state capitalist position began to act as a faction. Cliff himself was unable to participate in this work having been deported to Dublin from which he was not to return permanently until 1952. With the Korean War, passions in The Club became more aroused and after a vote on Birmingham Trades Council in which Cliff's supporters, including Percy Downey, voted for a neutral, third camp, position they were expelled en masse from The Club. Cliff himself, being a member of the almost non-existent Irish section of the FI, could not be expelled. The final result of these events was the foundation of the Socialist Review Group organised around the magazine of the same name. Socialist Review Group (1950–1962) The Socialist Review Group (SRG) was founded at the end of September 1950 at a conference in Camden Town in London. 33 members were claimed of whom 21 were present on the day. Apart from Tony Cliff, among the more notable members can be listed Bill Ainsworth, Geoff Carlsson, Raymond Challinor, Percy Downey, Duncan Hallas, Peter Morgan, Anil Moonesinghe, Jean Tait and Ken Tarbuck. It was, in essence, a fragment of the RCP of which party all its members had been adherents. It was in the milieu of former members of the RCP that the new SRG saw its audience too. The new group adopted the magazine Socialist Review as its central organ and it was to run from 1950 to 1962. Asserting their political continuity with Trotskyism they argued that they stood on the ideas of Leon Trotsky and Bolshevik Leninism except insofar as they differed as to their analysis of the states dominated by Stalinist parties. To this end they adopted three documents summarising their viewpoint; The Nature of Stalin's Russia (the first edition of Cliff's State Capitalism in Russia), The Class Nature of the People's Democracies and Marxism and the Theory of Bureaucratic Collectivism. In closing their first conference the group sent greetings to Natalya Sedova Trotsky, the widow of Leon Trotsky, who like them held state capitalist convictions. In regard to its international connections the new group contacted various dissident currents coming out of the Fourth International (which split in 1953) among whom can be enumerated Raya Dunayevskaya in the USA, Chaulieu in France, Mangano in Italy and Jungclas in Germany. The named individuals and their tendencies came from both the right and left of the Fourth International and unsurprisingly nothing came of these contacts. Of more importance was a loose liaison with the International Socialist League in the USA and the journal of that group, New International, was distributed by the SRG until it ceased publication in 1958. Moreover, Socialist Review would reprint material from its pages, for example from Chinese and Ukrainian revolutionaries, and Cliff would contribute to New International in his turn. Early editions of Socialist Review closely mirror the concerns of the SRG in its first years as they sought to recruit from former RCPers and in the Labour Party. A great deal of the material in the magazine concerns Stalinism and world politics in general terms. One particular example would be the attempt to provide the Socialist fellowship, a grouping of left wing Labour Party members strongly influenced by Gerry Healy's Club, with an alternative statement of policy. This may be taken as a first general statement of programme by the SRG given its all encompassing nature and, apart from its position on Stalinism, is informed by a conception of transitional politics that is characteristic of Trotskyism. Meanwhile, entrist work in the Birmingham Labour Party led to the expulsion of SRG members from the Labour Party. The SRG also had its internal controversies of which the first was the expulsion of Ellis Hillman, later a London councillor, who argued that the Stalinist parties were embryonic state capitalist societies. In this he was echoing the positions of the Johnson-Forrest tendency, C. L. R. James and Raya Dunayevskaya, and directly challenging Cliff's analysis of state capitalism. He also argued, in a spectacularly eclectic fashion, for what he called the organic unity of the SRG and Ted Grant's group of fellow ex-RCPers. He was replied to with regard to the Stalinist parties by Duncan Hallas whose article was later reprinted in the collection The Origins of the International Socialists. In the event he was expelled and the group's politics as a Trotskyist tendency differing only in its analysis of Stalinism was confirmed. Although it began by asserting its fidelity to Trotskyism the SRG would move way from the 'orthodox' Trotskyism which they took from their origins in the RCP. Prior to this development, but setting the scene for it, the group experienced something of a change over of leading figures from 1952 to 1954. Most importantly of all Tony Cliff was permitted to return to London from his exile in Dublin and for the first time was able to function as an active leader of the group rather than through others or during visits to his family. Cliff's centrality to the group cannot be overemphasized in these years as his wife, Chanie Rosenberg, was also an active member and in September 1952 Michael Kidron, Cliff's brother-in-law, travelled to Britain from Israel. Kidron would later recruit Seymour Papert, later to become an important pioneer in the field of computers, who would also play a considerable role in the SRG. Others joining at this time were Stan Newens, later a Labour MP, and Bernard Dix, later prominent in the National Union of Public Employees (NUPE). Significantly, as the group was renewed by such new recruits it lost some of its earlier character as figures like Bill Ainsworth, Ken Tarbuck, later to pass through a number of left groups, and Duncan Hallas left, while Anil Moonesinghe and his wife Jeanne Hoban left for Ceylon where the former would eventually become a Minister. Duncan Hallas alone would return 14 years later and again play a leading role in what was by then the International Socialists. International Socialists (1962–1977) In 1962 the Socialist Review Group became the International Socialists (IS) taking the name of their new journal International Socialism. The journal had briefly appeared in 1958 as a cyclostyled magazine and a second issue, publishing Cliff's essay on Rosa Luxemburg had appeared in 1959, but began regular publication in 1960. The group also began publishing a paper called Industrial Worker in 1961 which was renamed Labour Worker in 1962. This was replaced by Socialist Worker, launched in 1968, with Roger Protz being the first editor. However, for much of the 1960s the most important group publication was Young Guard. Working within the Young Socialists the IS had issued a youth magazine called Rebel from 1960 onwards as the YS was, along with similarly youth oriented Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, the greatest source of recruits to IS. Within the highly factionalised atmosphere of the YS, however, Rebel soon disappeared as the IS forged an alliance with the supporters of Ted Grant around the Rally paper. The two tendencies jointly launched Young Guard as their challenge to both Transport House and the Keep Left grouping of Gerry Healy's supporters. The editorial content and most contributors to Young Guard were firmly in support of IS, with Grant's supporters playing a minor role. After Healy's followers in the Socialist Labour League left what was renamed the Labour Party Young Socialists, IS was briefly able to take the leadership of that organisation. But by this point much of the life had gone out of the youth movement and Young Guard ceased publication in 1965, being superseded by a new run of Rebel which lasted in its turn until 1967. By this time though, IS as a whole was drifting away from entrist work within the Labour Party as the industrial struggle developed. In 1968, the IS put out an appeal for revolutionary unity, aiming the appeal at the industrial militants aligned with the Communist Party, although it was also directed at the newly formed International Marxist Group (IMG) and the libertarian Solidarity group. In the event only the small Workers' Fight group responded favourably and as soon as they became members of the IS they constituted themselves as the Trotskyist Tendency (TT) faction. The TT was expelled from IS after it attempted to galvanise opposition to the group's leadership on political issues including Ireland and the European Union and on the question of internal democracy. At the conference at which what the leadership called "defusion" took place, 40% of the delegates voted against. Now substantially larger than when it had entered IS, the TT reconstituted itself as Workers' Fight, and still exists today in the form of the Alliance for Workers' Liberty. Despite such internal controversies the IS grew in the early 1970s gaining a foothold in industry and forming several rank and file groups in the unions. However internal debate did not cease with the departure of the TT and in 1973 there were several expulsions of smaller groups, including those of the Right Opposition, part of which became the Revolutionary Communist Group. In 1974 the Left Faction, one of whose leaders was Dave Stocking, was also expelled and formed Workers Power. It had argued that the IS should write a transitional programme which would form the basis for demands made by the group and allow the membership to keep the leadership to account, preventing 'turns' by voting on exact positions in this document. They also argued that the SWP had become opportunist on the Irish Question after it had stopped giving the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) unconditional but critical support because the IRA's strategy had changed and had turned public opinion solidly against it – the Left Faction argued unconditional but critical support was still needed. During the 1960s the rise of unofficial strike action led the International Socialists to place emphasis on the building of a rank and file movement within the trade unions in order to combat the bureaucratic leaders of those organisations. This led to the development of a series of rank and file papers including The Collier (Mining), Redder Tape (Civil Service), Rank and File Teacher, etc. These were briefly brought together in a National Rank and File Organising Committee in 1974, the peak of IS influence in the workers' movement. Another aspect of this work was that a number of historians in the IS devoted themselves to rediscovering the past of rank and file movements in the labour movement. A series of articles by Jim Higgins on this topic was published in the group's journal International Socialism. Other related work appeared in book or pamphlet form including books on the Communist Party related Minority Movement of the 1920s and the industrial politics of the CPGB in that period. Work was also done on the pre-World War I period with Raymond Challinor's book on the Socialist Labour Party entitled The Origins of British Bolshevism. In the mid-1970s Cliff argued that the older workers' leaders, including shop stewards, were corrupted by reformism and therefore IS had to turn to untried young workers – the more cynically minded claimed Cliff wanted the party to turn to them as being more gullible to Cliff's more idiosyncratic flights of fancy. This was part of the reason for the attempt made at this time to popularise Socialist Worker. This turn was unanimously rejected months later, but by then Jim Higgins was removed as National Secretary and Roger Protz from his position as editor of Socialist Worker for opposing these changes. Prompted by Duncan Hallas, they formed an International Socialist Opposition. Ultimately, a large section of the leadership, in particular Jim Higgins, Roger Protz and John Palmer, were expelled or left in solidarity with those expelled in 1975 and formed the Workers League. It has been estimated that no more than 150 members of IS – some having been expelled – joined the Workers' League but that several hundred more left as a result of the factional struggle. The factional dispute consumed a great deal of the energies of IS through the course of 1976 but, nonetheless, a great deal of work was still accomplished especially with the launch by the Rank and File Co-ordinating Committee of the Right to Work Campaign which sought to address the then growing problem of mass unemployment. This attempt to bring the problem of mass unemployment culminated in a 'Jarrow syle' Right to Work March from Liverpool through England to London, where it was broken up by violent attacks from the infamous, and later disbanded, Special Patrol Group. Another notable change was the move of IS towards electoral participation for the first time under its own banner – in earlier days some members had come near to being adopted as Prospective Parliamentary Candidates by the Labour Party and at least two members had served terms as councillors – although whilst initial results were encouraging the tactic was later abandoned due to poor results. The intention had been for the IS, renamed in 1977 the Socialist Workers' Party, to stand a slate of at least 50 candidates in the then upcoming General Election. This ambitious goal was now abandoned. Socialist Workers Party (1977 onwards) At the beginning of 1977 the Socialist Workers' Party was launched as the IS renamed itself in expectation of a wave of working class struggles against the Labour Government of the day. Immediately this move was rejected by Peter Sedgwick, a long time and much respected member who resigned in protest. Expecting an increase in struggle but with industrial unrest stalled the new SWP used its leadership of the National Rank and File Organising Committee to launch the Right to Work Campaign in protest at the rising level of unemployment. The RTWC was to lead large scale marches, first to the Trades Union Congress annual conference urging it to campaign on the issue, later in protest to the Conservative Party conference, from 1976 to 1981. In the localities however the RTWC had no ongoing existence other than as a front organisation for local SWP branches. In the meantime the parent National Rank and File Organising Committee disappeared. During these years at times heated debates took place in branch meetings and in the pages of the, then regular, Internal Bulletin concerning a number of questions. For example, during this period a debate emerged as to the group's understanding of the question of women's oppression in capitalist society and whether or not feminism was to be seen in a positive light. This debate centred on the role to be played by the group's publication Woman's Voice. Eventually the conclusion was reached that feminism, as an ideology, could not liberate women from their situation as a social group oppressed by and in class society. By the time this position had been reached, however, opponents of the majority view had left the group and the magazine was discontinued as its sought-for audience had disappeared. Running alongside the debate on the future of Woman's Voice there was a discussion concerning SWP work among, and the attitude of the group toward, blacks and Asians. From the early 1960s the IS had made clear its opposition to any immigration controls, work in which Paul Foot had played a prominent role. Another attempt to reach Asian workers had been initiated by Nigel Harris but had faded quite rapidly. There was then a considerable debate within the SWP around the role of the newly launched Flame – Black Workers' Paper For Self Defence when it appeared in the late 1970s. Edited by Anthony Bogues the paper appeared for a few years before it, in its turn, faded away, having failed to win mass backing and lacking the support of the SWP, which had been withdrawn when the internal debate within SWP ranks came to the conclusion that any paper aimed at black people should be subject to direct SWP control. This clashed with the views of individuals such as Bogues, who had returned to Jamaica to become a lecturer, who envisaged Flame as an autonomous grouping only loosely linked to the SWP. Similarly a debate took place in these years concerning the question of the devolution of power to Scotland and Wales. In this instance the result was that the leadership would eventually change the entirely negative opposition of the group to devolution. At one point in this debate a Republican faction was formed with the support of a considerable part of the membership but with the change of line most supporters of the faction were easily placated. A few however, including Steve Freeman and Allan Armstrong, were to generalise their criticisms of the SWP and drifted out of it in 1980/81. Around the same time Steve Jeffries, an industrial organiser for the group and long time leading member, also left in disillusionment. In part his resignation was connected to the final disbandment of the remaining rank and file groups. In many respects the period 1976 to 1981 can best be seen as a transitional period from the IS to the SWP. Not only was the rank and file strategy abandoned in practice, if not in theory, but there was in this period a massive change in leading figures within the group. By the end of this transition not only had figures associated with the ISO left but so to had a layer of intellectuals such as Steven Marks, Richard Kuper, Martin Shaw and Peter Sedgwick; industrial organisers such as Steve Jeffreys, Arthur Affleck and Bill Message had also left; in addition to which almost the entire toe-hold in blue collar industry won so laboriously had left or been expelled. And all this before the large scale restructuring of British capitalism. The Anti Nazi League In the 1970s the IS took part in a number of initiatives against the small fascist groups of the time but by 1974 these groups had coalesced into the National Front (NF) and were gaining substantial votes in electoral contests. To a lesser degree the British Movement was also providing cause for alarm. However it was not until the NF attempted to march through Lewisham in 1977 to the massive response of the local community leading to physical confrontations that the IS, by now transformed into the SWP took the initiative nationally. The result was the launch of the Anti Nazi League (ANL) which was conceived of as a United Front body which would involve forces, primarily within the workers' movement, politically to the right of the SWP. To a considerable degree the ANL did win support from forces beyond the ranks of the SWP including from Ernie Roberts MP, a long-standing pillar of the Labour Left, from Peter Hain, then best known as an Anti-Apartheid campaigner, from Neil Kinnock MP and from numerous groups and organisations within the workers' movement. Perhaps the most significant body to endorse the ANL was the then substantial Indian Workers Association. In the next few years the ANL would call countless demonstrations against the NF and BM. The policy of the ANL was physical confrontation of far right groups in an effort to "No Platform" them—that is, to deny them any public platform. This policy however brought the disapproval of the media and the ANL suffered a blow in March 1979 amid claims of financial 'irregularities' (i.e., funds being diverted to the SWP) which claims were denied by the National Treasurer of the ANL, Labour Party member Ernie Roberts. However some celebrity members of the ANL – Nottingham Forest manager Brian Clough being the first – renounced their support at this time. Despite the success of the 'Rock Against Racism' concerts (an ANL affiliated campaign), some of the punk rock bands that had been outspoken opponents of the NF from the start—such as the Sex Pistols/PiL —refused outright to have anything to do with an organisation they perceived as little more than an SWP front. (The Clash did headline the 1978 Carnival however). Tony Cliff told a Guardian reporter during the March 1979 crisis, "The leadership of the ANL is the SWP and we don't give a damn". In 1981 the ANL was formally wound up as it was felt to be no longer needed and was then dissolved. Some individuals who had been involved in the ANL disagreed with this, and also wanted to show solidarity with the more militant side of the republican movement in Northern Ireland grouping around Provisional Sinn Féin. Expelled, they were to form Red Action. The 1980s By 1981 after a series of internal discussions the SWP was united around an understanding that the period was one that was best characterised as being a downturn in class combativity and that this meant that the SWP should concentrate its work on basic propaganda tasks and educational development of its membership. This understanding was balanced in the early part of the decade by adding a caveat that while the period was generally one of downturn there was also a political upturn around the Labour Left and the resurgent Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. This understanding could also lead to the group isolating itself when struggles did break as with the Miners' Strike in the middle of the decade. At that time Miners Support Groups developed in all of Britain's major cities but the SWP chose in the first months of the strike not to join them, on the basis that they were inadequate to deliver the solidarity actions, such as mass picketing and solidarity strike action, which the SWP argued were the tactics needed for the Miners Strike to be concluded victoriously. Later this stance was reversed. Although the SWP continued to argue that the Miners' Strike could only be won if other sections of workers were able to provide solidarity actions, as was the case in a number of major disputes in the 1970s, its members continued to be active around the dispute which was considered doomed to failure without solidarity actions. The hit squads which appeared late in the strike were seen as symptomatic of the desperation and isolation of the more committed younger miners and were firmly disapproved of. In the aftermath the leadership of the SWP initiated moves towards the Militant tendency to form a common organisation motivated by the Labour Party's expulsion of that group's supporters. However, there was no response to the SWP's overtures and the Militant tendency, later Militant Labour, was the object of several Open Letters in Socialist Worker during the 1990s but to no avail. 21st century Since then, the SWP has affiliated with groups in various countries which comprise the International Socialist Tendency, and has been involved in a wide range of organisations, including the re-launch of the Anti Nazi League (which has evolved into Unite Against Fascism), and Globalise Resistance. They were instrumental in setting up the Stop the War Coalition an anti-war alliance formed first to oppose the invasion of Afghanistan and then the invasion of Iraq. They considered this anti-war movement to the major radicalising force in early 21st Century British politics and believe that it is a continuation of the anti-capitalist movement. In 2001, the international tendency expelled the US section, the International Socialist Organization, despite no serious political differences. In 1999 the SWP joined in the Socialist Alliance but later argued that it never managed to engage in the radicalism of the anti-war movement and presided over its winding up in 2004. They transferred their energies to a new project RESPECT Unity Coalition believing its emergence from the anti-war movement gave it the opportunity to be a much larger movement and cease sectarianism. In Scotland SWP members joined the Scottish Socialist Party as an officially recognised platform in 2001 known as the Socialist Worker Platform. However membership of the SSP does not seem to have increased the influence of the SWP and it has been claimed that the group has declined in numbers since joining. This claim being made by a former member of the SWP, Gregor Gall, in an article published in an attempt to change the course of the group written in 2004. Gall's figures were highly suspect and his motion did not even attract a single vote from the Scottish Platform of the SWP, Gall has since left the SWP and is now seen as a supporter of the leadership of the SSP. In 2006, SWP members in Scotland left the Scottish Socialist Party and joined the new organisation, Solidarity (Scotland). Another major change for the SWP was the selling of its print shop in 2004 as the enterprise was no longer able to win an adequate degree of commercial work to supplement the group's own printing requirements; it had printed Private Eye, the Morning Star, and other publications. Built in the early 1970s the print shop had originally been established in 1968 when Socialist Worker first appeared. SWP publications are now printed by commercial printers with the result that their appearance has undergone a great improvement. However it should not be ignored that the print shop had helped to subsidise the SWP's own publications and it has been suggested that the sale of the print shop was the result of a crisis in the group's finances. In the late 1990s, the membership was claimed to be around 5,000 with 4,000 paying Dues monthly. The 2004 Party Conference reported a membership figure of 7,585 members, although other rival socialist groups estimate it to now be closer to 3,000. There is debate within the party as to the reason for failure to grow out of the radicalism of the anti-war movement, some claiming it is the lack of left/right perspectives, some the low industrial struggle, others claim the unconditional but critical support for "insurgents" isolates them. There was a disagreement within the leadership of the SWP concerning the future of the party's involvement in broader fronts such as the Stop the War Coalition. As a result, its leading body, the Central Committee, proposed a slate that removed John Rees from the body over the objections of Rees and Lindsey German in 2009. This slate was approved by the party conference. Internal crisis in 2013–14 over allegations of rape A Disputes Committee document was discussed at the party conference in January 2013 about allegations of sexual assault and rape made by a 19-year-old female member against former SWP National Secretary Martin Smith, known as Comrade Delta. Allegations about Smith's behaviour had been an issue for several years within the group, the first complaint against him being made in 2010. Delta has never been questioned by the police about the allegations made against him. According to Alex Callinicos in June 2014, around 700 members of the SWP have resigned from the group because of concerns about the way the allegations were mishandled, in their view. References The Smallest Mass Party In The World by Ian Birchall: a history of the SWP and its predecessors to 1981, written by a prominent SWP member. Cliff, T. A World to Win, Bookmarks Publications, London, 2000. Tony Cliff's autobiography. Origins of the International Socialists Duncan Hallas More Years for the Locust: The Origins of the SWP, Critique of Cliff and the SWP by Jim Higgins, former National Secretary of the International Socialists. Socialist Workers Party (UK) Trotskyism in the United Kingdom Socialist Workers Party (Britain) Socialist Workers Party Socialist Workers Party	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Socialist%20Workers%20Party%20%28Britain%29
Count Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (10 August 1797 – 9 October 1854) was a Finnish entomologist and governor of the Viipuri province in the Grand Duchy of Finland. Career From 1819 he served as the secretary to the Finnish Minister Secretary of State in Saint Petersburg. In 1833 he was appointed governor of the Vaasa Province and soon after of Viipuri and Savonlinna County. From 1839 until his death he served as the chief judge of the newly formed Imperial Court of Appeals (“Kayserlichen Hofgerichtes”, hovioikeus) in Vyborg. Scientific contributions Mannerheim devoted much of his time to natural sciences and acquired a significant scientific collection of Coleoptera. He published many papers concerning them and worked on the collections of the natural history museums of Dorpat, Saint-Petersburg and Moscow. He contributed greatly to the knowledge of the coleopteran fauna of western North America (then Russian America). Societies and organizations Mannerheim was a member of the St Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1827) and of the Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters (1838) and a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1852). He was decorated with the Cross of the Order of Saint Stanislaus and was made a knight of the Order of Saint Vladimir. Personal life He was the son of Vendla Sofia von Willebrand and Count Carl Erik Mannerheim (1759–1837), the first vice-chairman of the finance ministry of the senate, now equivalent to being the Prime Minister of Finland. Mannerheim was married to Eva Wilhelmina von Schantz; they had a son Carl Robert Mannerheim, who was an aristocrat and businessman. Carl Robert's son Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (1867–1951) became Marshal and President of Finland. Gallery Publications Mannerheim, C. G. von. 1825. Novae coleopterorum species imperii Rossici incolae descriptae, in Hummel, Essais entomologiques, 1(4):19-41. Mannerheim, C. G. von. 1837. Enumération des Buprestides, et description de quelques nouvelles espèces de cette tribu de la famille des Sternoxes, de la collection de M. Le Comte Mannerheim. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 8:1-126. Mannerheim, C. G. von. 1837. Mémoire sur quelques genres et espèces de Carabiques Mannerheim, C. G. von. 1844.Description de quelques nouvelles espèces de Coléoptères de Finlande Mannerheim, C. G. von. 1843.Mémoire sur la récolte d'insectes coléoptères faite en 1842 Mannerheim, C. G. von. 1843. Beitrag zur Käferfauna der Aleutischen Inseln, der Insel Sitkha und Neu-Californiens. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 16:3–142. Mannerheim, C. G. von. 1844. Lettre a S. E. Mr. Fischer de Waldheim ou relation d un voyage fait en 1844, en Suede, en Danemarck et dans nord de l'Allemagne. Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, 17: 844–872. Mannerheim, C. G. von. 1852. Insectes Coléoptères de la Sibérie orientale nouveaux ou peu connus. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 25:273–309. Mannerheim, C. G. von. 1853. Dritter Nachtrag zur Kefer-Fauna der Nord-Amerykanischen Laender der Russischen Reiches.'' Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 3:3–181. References External links The Mannerheim family Scarab Workers 1797 births 1854 deaths People from Masku 19th-century Finnish nobility 19th-century Swedish nobility Finnish entomologists Carl Gustaf Mannerheim Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Swedish-speaking Finns Finnish people of German descent Coleopterists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Gustaf%20Mannerheim%20%28naturalist%29
The Kalmykian Cavalry Corps (; also known as: , , , Dr. Doll Kalmyk Formation (Dr. Doll was an alias of )) was a unit of about 5,000 ethnic Kalmyk volunteers who chose to join the German Army in 1942 rather than remain in Kalmykia as German forces retreated before the Red Army. Stalin subsequently declared the Kalmyk population as a whole to be German collaborators in 1943 and ordered mass deportations to Siberia suffering great loss of life. Origins When Erich von Manstein led the 16th Motorized Infantry Division into Kalmykia in early 1942 he already had some Kalmyk advisors from a committee drawn together by Goebbels for propaganda purposes. These were supplemented by other Kalmyks who had settled in Belgrade following their flight with White Russian emigres after the Russian October Revolution. Organization The KKK acted within the German Wehrmacht as an independent allied force with all leadership positions taken by Kalmyks. Most of the officers were Kalmyks themselves with previous Soviet military experience. A few Germans that were present within the corps performed only auxiliary and administrative functions. Military actions The Kalmykian Cavalry Corps fought with the Wehrmacht behind the lines, especially around the Azov Sea. At the end of 1944, the surviving Kalmyk cavalry troops, together with their families, retreated with the German army. About 2,000 went to Silesia, Poland and 1,500 to Zagreb, Croatia, where they were reorganized to fight against the partisans. End of the war After the war, nearly all of the surviving Kalmyk soldiers along with the Kalmyk families that accompanied them were forcibly repatriated to the Soviet Union. Despite the fact that 23,750 Kalmyks served in the Red Army during World War II, the Kalmykian people were internally deported for 13 years as collective punishment for the actions of the Kalmykian Cavalry Corps. See also Tiger Legion Turkic, Caucasian, Cossack, and Crimean collaborationism with the Axis powers References Cavalry corps of Germany Foreign volunteer units of the Wehrmacht History of Kalmykia Kalmyk people 1942 establishments in Europe Collaboration with Nazi Germany Military units and formations established in 1942	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalmykian%20Cavalry%20Corps
A carriel is a small leather satchel from Colombia. They are similar in appearance to a saddlebag but worn over the shoulder, usually by men. Carrieles were traditionally made of rawhide or nutria fur and are typical of the Antioquia region of Colombia. The bag is associated with paisa culture. The carriel is part of folkloric dress of the region and is also used by modern businessmen throughout the country. It is said that the word carriel comes from the English "carry-all", but derivation from the French cartier (handbag) is equally likely. See also Handbag Notes and references National symbols of Colombia Colombian handicrafts	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carriel
Paul Clinton (1953 – January 30, 2006) was an American film critic. He served as CNN.com film critic for 20 years. He was the co-founder of the Broadcast Film Critics Association (BFCA). Clinton was born in Columbus, Ohio and attended Ohio State University and then moved to New York City, where he became a page at NBC. He produced for The Tomorrow Show with Tom Snyder and then moved to Los Angeles to work on The Merv Griffin Show. Later he moved to KCBS-TV as an entertainment news producer. In 1988, Paul Clinton began working on the Turner Entertainment Report and other media in the CNN family, where he started reviewing films. In addition to being a critic for CNN.com, his radio reviews and "Paul's Picks" pieces aired on more than 100 stations domestically and internationally. Clinton and film historian James Ursini did audio commentary on the 2005 DVD release of Dark Victory (1939) starring Bette Davis. Clinton died aged 53 on January 30, 2006, at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California. References External links "About movie reviewer Paul Clinton" Articles by Paul Clinton "A few words from Paul Clinton" 1953 births 2006 deaths American male journalists 20th-century American journalists Writers from Columbus, Ohio Ohio State University alumni	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Clinton
Maten al-Sahel (), also known as Maten Arnouk (), is a village in Tartus Governorate, northwestern Syria Originally named for the prominent Arnouk family land owners, the Syrian government renamed the village Maten al-Sahel, "Coast". This village is located 280 km north-west of Damascus, near the Mediterranean coast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics, Maten al-Sahel had a population of 2,101 in the 2004 census. The majority of the population are members of the Eastern Orthodox Christian community, with an Alawite Muslim minority. Geography Maten al-Sahel is situated on the top of mountain about 300 m above the level of the sea and looks down upon the coastal lands from the western side of the town with a wonderful view. The distance from the Tartus-Lattakia highway is 4 km and it is a sort of difficult mountainous road between olive tree fields. The village is surrounded by green valleys, and there are many roads across these valleys and mountains that are suitable for sport activities such as walking and cycling especially in the spring. Prices Taxi's fee from Damascus Airport to the Bus Station: $15 Bus Ticket from Damascus to Tartus (300 km, 3hours) by Al-Kadmous Company: $3 Car from Tartus to Almaten: $3 Private mini-bus directly from Damascus Airport to Maten al-Sahel (with town's private cars): $60 Private mini-bus for a daily trip: from $65 Demographics and services The area around al-Maten is known to have been settled since the 18th century. Total population of al-Maten is about 3,500. The educational level in al-Maten is extremely high as the percentage of the illiteracy among the new generation is almost 0%, and the most of population are holding high degrees. al-Maten has all the requirements of modern life such as electrical networks, phones, mobile coverage, health center, and a developing transport system including two buses and many private cars and mini-buses. Economy The main industries in al-Maten are: agriculture, government, and immigration. Agriculture is the traditional job in al-Maten. More than 90% of the population depends on it as the main source of income. Tomatoes in green houses and olive oil are the most important crops produced in al-Maten. Climate The climate is temperate and Mediterranean with hot, dry summers (maximum temperature 36 °C) and cool, variably rainy winters (minimum temperature 0 °C). References External links Al-Maten Official Site Populated places in Latakia District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maten%20al-Sahel
The British North Borneo dollar was the currency of British North Borneo from 1882 to 1953. It was subdivided into 100 cents. The dollar had remained at par with the Straits dollar (and its successor the Malayan dollar), the currency of Malaya and Singapore, at the value of one dollar to 2 shillings 4 pence sterling from its introduction until both currencies were replaced by the Malaya and British Borneo dollar in 1953. Both coins and banknotes were issued by the British North Borneo Company. During the Japanese occupation period (1942–1945), paper money was issued in denominations ranging from 1 cent to 1000 dollars. This currency was fixed at 1 dollar = 1 Japanese yen, compared to a 1:2 pre-war rate. Following the war, the Japanese occupation currency was declared worthless and the previous issues of the British North Borneo dollar regained their value relative to sterling (two shillings four pence). Coins Coins were first minted in values of cent and 1 cent in copper, and later 1 cent, cents, and 5 cents in copper-nickel, and 25 cents in silver. Originally they were issued under the name "British North Borneo Co", as The British North Borneo Company had the right to produce coin under its Royal Charter granted in 1881. Later they were minted under "State of North Borneo", starting in 1903. All coins depicted the company/state coat of arms on the obverse and denomination on the reverse. These were last minted in 1941 and later phased out and replaced by coins of the Malayan dollar. Banknote Banknotes were printed in values of 25 cents, 50 cents, , , , and . The design of the banknotes did not change much during the currency's lifetime. However, their physical sizes tend to shrink over time. They either show the coat of arms, Mount Kinabalu, or both. See also Malayan dollar Postal orders of British North Borneo Sarawak dollar References External links Global Financial Data currency histories table Online Coin Club / Coins from North Borneo British North Borneo Currencies of the British Empire Currencies of Malaysia Modern obsolete currencies Obsolete currencies in Malaysian history 1882 establishments in the British Empire 1953 disestablishments	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20North%20Borneo%20dollar
The Reno-Sparks Convention Center is a convention center in the western United States, located in Reno, Nevada. Opened in 1965 as Centennial Coliseum, it hosted the Big Sky Conference basketball tournament and also hosts boxing matches. In 2021 the convention center will host the Legion Sports Fest, the largest fitness and bodybuilding event in the West. Southwest of the airport, its elevation at street level is approximately above sea level. Facilities The main exhibit space is , which can be divided into five halls. Freight access is provided via a set of nineteen freight doors, eight of which are drivable, and of which one is a hangar-style door that measures wide by tall. In addition, the Mt. Rose Ballroom, a column-free space, can be divided into seven meeting rooms. A total of 53 meeting rooms, of capacities ranging from fifty to over three thousand, are available within the complex. References 1965 establishments in Nevada Basketball venues in Nevada Boxing venues in Nevada College basketball venues in the United States Indoor arenas in Nevada Sports venues in Reno, Nevada	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reno-Sparks%20Convention%20Center
The Juno clump is a probable main-belt asteroid family that share similar orbital elements to 3 Juno. 3 Juno is a large asteroid with a mean diameter of about 235 km, but the remaining bodies are all small. , the brightest of those clearly in the visible clump would have a diameter of about 6 km, given the same albedo as 3 Juno. This indicates that it is probably a so-called cratering family composed of ejecta from impacts on 3 Juno. The HCM analysis by (Zappalà 1995) determined several likely core members, whose proper elements lie in the approximate ranges At the present epoch, the range of osculating orbital elements of these core members is References Zappalà, Vincenzo; Bendjoya, Philippe; Cellino, Alberto; Farinella, Paolo; and Froeschlé, Claude; Asteroid Families: Search of a 12,487-Asteroid Sample Using Two Different Clustering Techniques, Icarus, Volume 116, Issue 2 (August 1995), pages 291–314 Asteroid groups and families	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno%20clump
Bayat is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Bayat District. Its population is 4,182 (2021). The mayor is Kadir Üçer (CHP). Bayat was known in Byzantine times as Kedrea. References Populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province Bayat District, Afyonkarahisar Bayat tribe District municipalities in Turkey Populated places of the Byzantine Empire	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayat%2C%20Afyonkarahisar
Gideon Alfred Rodan (June 14, 1934 – January 1, 2006) was a Romanian-born American biochemist and Doctor of Medicine. Formative years Rodan was born in Bucharest, Romania on June 14, 1934. He completed his doctor of medicine degree at Hebrew University in Jerusalem and was awarded a doctor of philosophy degree by the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. Career From 1970 to 1985, Rodan taught at the University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine. He was then hired by Merck Research Laboratories. In 1987, he became president of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. His most notable work involved the study of Osteoporosis. Rodan researched the deformation of bone cells. Investigating the connection between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, he helped to analyze and describe the two. As director of the department for bone biology and osteoporosis at Merck during the 1990s, he helped to create a compound to block osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. This compound became known as Alendronate or Fosamax. He also examined the role of steroid in bone metabolism and the communication between bones and hormones. In 1996, he edited the book, Principles of Bone Biology. Death Rodan died from cancer on January 1, 2006, in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. Legacy The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research presented Rodan with its Excellence in Mentorship Award, and then renamed the award in his honor. The Gideon A. Rodan Excellence in Mentorship Award has recognized leading scientist-educators every year since 2001. References 1934 births 2006 deaths Physicians from Bucharest Romanian emigrants to the United States Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania American biochemists Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni Weizmann Institute of Science alumni	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon%20Rodan
Başmakçı is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey, closer to Denizli than to the city of Afyon itself. It is the seat of Başmakçı District. Its population is 4,993 (2021). The mayor is Halil Özcan (CHP). History The history of Başmakçı goes back to the Hittite era, 1750-1200 BC. It then became a colony of the Phrygians of nearby Dinar. It was subsequently possessed by Lydians, Persians, Ancient Macedonians and Seleucids, the kings of Pergamon, Romans and then Byzantines. Turkish tribes arrived in Anatolia in 1071, and one of these was the Başmakçı, who came through Azerbaijan, settling near Tarsus on the Mediterranean, where there is a village called Başmakçı still today, and then sometime between 1100 and 1200 moving west to settle in this district of Afyon that has been called Başmakçı ever since. This part of Anatolia was subsequently controlled by the Germiyan dynasty, who gave the town as dowry when marrying their daughter to the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I. Thus Başmakçı, a village of 47 families at the time, became an Ottoman land. Başmakçı was badly damaged in an earthquake in August 1892 when 300 homes were destroyed. However, no one was killed, as it was harvest time and all were in the fields. Başmakçı was not occupied during the Turkish War of Independence but many of its sons died in that war and World War I previous to it. Başmakçı today Başmakçı is well-established as the leading egg producing area in Turkey. References External links Basmakci in Afyonkarahisar Populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province Başmakçı District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C5%9Fmak%C3%A7%C4%B1
Çay is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Çay District. Its population is 14,599 (2021). The mayor is Hüseyin Atlı (AKP). References Populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province Çay District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ay
Çobanlar (, Anabora) is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It lies in a plain 25 km east of the city of Afyon. It is the seat of Çobanlar District. Its population is 9,190 (2021). Çobanlar is 990 m above sea level. In the South Çobanlar's Bey Mountain, in the west Çobanlar's Sultan Mountains. The mayor is Ali Altuntaş (AKP). Bronze Age burial mounds have been found near the river, and in antiquity the town of Anabura was here, there are remains in the village of Feleli and a statue of Artemis from the site is on display in the museum in Afyon. The undergrand city revealed in year 2003 shows that there was life even before B.C. 400. In the town there are a number of classic Ottoman Empire period houses with courtyards. Today the area is a rural district, the major production is sugar beet. In the countryside the people drive home-made vehicles (half-trailer, half pick-up truck) called pat-pat. References Populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province District municipalities in Turkey Çobanlar District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87obanlar
Dazkırı is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey, 140 km from the city of Afyon on the road to Denizli. It is the seat of Dazkırı District. Its population is 5,640 (2021). The climate in the district is hot and dry in summer, and cold and wet in winter. The mayor is İsmail Taylan (CHP). Economy Dazkırı and Başmakçı are 10 km away from each other and livestock business is significantly important income for the region. It is estimated that there are approximately 500 family-run chicken farms and business companies in the area. Turba tavukculuk is one of the leading family business companies. Dazkırı is also known for its hand-woven carpets. Notable natives Aykut Oray, film actor References External links Populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province District municipalities in Turkey Dazkırı District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dazk%C4%B1r%C4%B1
Hocalar is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Hocalar District. Its population is 2,216 (2021). The mayor is Mustafa Akın (MHP). References Populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province District municipalities in Turkey Hocalar District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hocalar
İhsaniye is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of İhsaniye District. Its population is 3,818 (2021). The mayor is Tunay Türkmen (CHP). The town consists of 8 quarters: Cumhuriyet, Şahinler, Hürriyet, Zafer, Susuzosmaniye, Fatih, Yenikent and Akören. References Populated places in İhsaniye District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0hsaniye
The Theosophical Society of New York was a theosophical organization, that separated in 1899 from the Theosophical Society in America. It is not to be confused with "The New York Theosophical Society" founded in 1875, which is today a lodge of the American section of the Theosophical Society Adyar. In 1895 the Theosophical Society was divided into the TG Adyar (with Henry Steel Olcott) and the TG in America (with William Quan Judge). After Judge's death, Tingley was elected in a controversial election as president of the TG in America. The Theosophical Society of New York separated itself from the TG in America as a result of these controversies. The TS of New York was founded by J.H. Salisbury und Donald Nicholson, both friends of W.Q. Judge. The organization published the journal "The Word", editor of the journal was Harold W. Percival (1868–1953). Literature Harold W. Percival: Adepts, masters, and mahatmas: The Word Foundation, Dallas 1993; Harold W. Percival: Thinking and Destiny: The Word Foundation, Dallas 1993; External links The Word Foundation Theosophy 1875-1925 Theosophy 1875-1950 Theosophical Society	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophical%20Society%20of%20New%20York
Albert Finch (16 May 1926 – 23 January 2003) was a British boxer from Croydon in South London, who was active from 1945 to 1958. He fought as both a middleweight and light-heavyweight, becoming British middleweight champion in 1950. He was one of seven children and learnt to box at the age of eight. He had a successful amateur career, winning 63 out of 68 contests. Professional career He had his first professional fight on 14 August 1945 at the Queensbury Club, Soho, London. He fought a draw over six rounds against Eddie Starrs. He continued to build up a successful domestic record with the odd defeat. In October 1948 he beat Mark Hart for the Southern Area middleweight title, winning on points over 12 rounds. In April 1948, he fought the promising young middleweight, Randolph Turpin, at the Royal Albert Hall, and inflicted Turpin's first defeat, winning on points over eight rounds. In June 1949, he challenged Dick Turpin, elder brother of Randolph, for his British and Commonwealth middleweight titles. The fight was held in Birmingham and Turpin won on points over fifteen rounds. In April 1950, he had a re-match with Dick Turpin, who in the meantime had lost his Commonwealth title. The fight was held in Nottingham and Finch won on points over fifteen rounds after having been knocked down twice. He was now the British middleweight champion. Finch held the British title for only six months before losing it to Dick Turpin's brother, Randolph in October 1950. They met at Harringay Arena, and Turpin, who had a powerful punch, knocked Finch out in the fifth round. Finch began to find it difficult to make the middleweight weight limit and so moved up to fight as a light-heavyweight. Following the Turpin defeat, he had a run of seven straight victories against light-heavyweights before fighting Don Cockell for his British and European light-heavyweight titles. The fight was in October 1951, at the Harringay Arena, and Cockell won by a knockout in the seventh round. He continued fighting as a light-heavyweight and in November 1954 he had another attempt at the British light-heavyweight title when he fought the holder, Alex Buxton, in Birmingham. Unfortunately, he suffered another knockout, this time in the eighth round. By fighting at the heavier weight he was meeting heavier punches and so suffered more knockouts than previously. In March 1956, he had a third attempt at the British light-heavyweight title when he fought Ron Barton for the vacant title. The fight at Harringay Arena ended with Barton winning by a technical knockout in the eighth round. This was his last title fight. He continued fighting, with mixed success. One notable victory was a win by disqualification against Jim Cooper, Henry Cooper's twin brother, in Stockholm. He had his last fight in March 1958, losing by a knockout in the third round against Noel Trigg. Retirement After his retirement he worked at a meat market in Croydon and was active in assisting youthful boxers. He died in 2003 at the age of 76 years. Professional boxing record \|- \|align="centr" colspan=8\|72 Wins (21 knockouts, 50 decisions, 1 DQ), 21 Losses (9 knockouts, 11 decisions, 1 DQ), 9 Draws, 1 No Contest \|- \| align="centr" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"\|Result \| align="centr" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"\|Record \| align="centr" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"\|Opponent \| align="centr" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"\|Type \| align="centr" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"\|Round \| align="centr" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"\|Date \| align="centr" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"\|Location \| align="centr" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"\|Notes \|-align=center \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Noel Trigg \|KO \|3 \|17 March 1958 \|align=left\| Cheltenham Town Hall, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire \|align=left\| \|- \|Draw \| \|align=left\| Ron Redrup \|PTS \|8 \|3 February 1958 \|align=left\| Leyton Baths, Leyton, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Draw \| \|align=left\| Jack Whittaker \|PTS \|8 \|13 January 1958 \|align=left\| Cheltenham Town Hall, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Tony Dove \|PTS \|10 \|3 October 1957 \|align=left\| Corn Hall, Norwich, Norfolk \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Willie Armstrong \|PTS \|8 \|21 August 1957 \|align=left\| Ice Rink, Paisley \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Manuel Burgo \|KO \|2 \|29 July 1957 \|align=left\| Engineer's Club, West Hartlepool, County Durham \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Jim Cooper \|DQ \|7 \|19 May 1957 \|align=left\| Johanneshovs Isstadion, Stockholm \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Terrence Murphy \|PTS \|12 \|26 March 1957 \|align=left\| Streatham Ice Arena, Streatham, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Erich Schoppner \|PTS \|8 \|3 February 1957 \|align=left\| Westfalenhallen, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Serge Leveque \|PTS \|8 \|28 December 1956 \|align=left\| Masshallen, Gothenburg \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Andre Cottyn \|TKO \|10 \|8 September 1956 \|align=left\| Ostend, West Flanders \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Ron Barton \|TKO \|8 \|13 March 1956 \|align=left\| Harringay Arena, Harringay, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Draw \| \|align=left\| Uwe Janssen \|PTS \|8 \|22 January 1956 \|align=left\| Westfalenhallen, Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Charles Colin \|PTS \|10 \|30 October 1955 \|align=left\| St. Nazaire Stadium, Saint-Nazaire, Loire-Atlantique \|align=left\| \|- \|Draw \| \|align=left\| Fred Powell \|PTS \|8 \|4 October 1955 \|align=left\| Streatham Ice Arena, Streatham, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Alex Buxton \|KO \|8 \|9 November 1954 \|align=left\| Embassy Sportsdrome, Birmingham, West Midlands \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Marcel Limage \|TKO \|9 \|18 May 1954 \|align=left\| Royal Albert Hall, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Arthur Howard \|TKO \|8 \|23 March 1954 \|align=left\| Earls Court Arena, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Joe Bygraves \|PTS \|8 \|23 February 1954 \|align=left\| Royal Albert Hall, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Billy Dean \|TKO \|5 \|3 November 1953 \|align=left\| Harringay Arena, Harringay, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Dave Williams \|TKO \|7 \|20 October 1953 \|align=left\| Streatham Ice Arena, Streatham, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Draw \| \|align=left\| Arthur Howard \|PTS \|8 \|13 October 1953 \|align=left\| Earls Court Arena, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Jimmy Davis \|PTS \|8 \|6 October 1953 \|align=left\| Royal Albert Hall, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Dennis Powell \|PTS \|10 \|8 September 1953 \|align=left\| Park Hall, Oswestry, Shropshire \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Wim Snoek \|PTS \|10 \|18 May 1953 \|align=left\| Empress Hall, Earl's Court, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Charles Colin \|PTS \|10 \|25 April 1953 \|align=left\| St. Nazaire Stadium, Saint-Nazaire, Loire-Atlantique \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Gerhard Hecht \|TKO \|9 \|20 March 1953 \|align=left\| Funkturm Berlin, Westend, Berlin \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Johnny Barton \|PTS \|8 \|16 February 1953 \|align=left\| Leyton Baths, Leyton, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| George Walker \|DQ \|5 \|2 December 1952 \|align=left\| Empress Hall, Earl's Court, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| George Walker \|KO \|6 \|28 October 1952 \|align=left\| Empress Hall, Earl's Court, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Brian Anders \|PTS \|8 \|14 October 1952 \|align=left\| Streatham Ice Arena, Streatham, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Garnett Denny \|PTS \|10 \|23 February 1952 \|align=left\| Ulster Hall, Belfast \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Michel Lapourielle \|TKO \|8 \|13 February 1952 \|align=left\| Brighton Dome, Brighton, Sussex \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Gene "KO" Fowler \|TKO \|5 \|21 January 1952 \|align=left\| Leyton Baths, Leyton, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Don Cockell \|KO \|7 \|16 October 1951 \|align=left\| Harringay Arena, Harringay, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Billy Wood \|TKO \|5 \|29 May 1951 \|align=left\| Selhurst Park, Crystal Palace, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Dave Williams \|TKO \|5 \|16 May 1951 \|align=left\| Maindy Stadium, Cardiff \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Paddy Slavin \|PTS \|10 \|30 April 1951 \|align=left\| Empress Hall, Earl's Court, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Johnny McGowan \|TKO \|9 \|19 March 1951 \|align=left\| Granby Halls, Leicester, Leicestershire \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Don Mogard \|PTS \|8 \|26 February 1951 \|align=left\| Leyton Baths, Leyton, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Jackie Harris \|PTS \|8 \|12 February 1951 \|align=left\| Leyton Baths, Leyton, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Reg Spring \|PTS \|8 \|22 January 1951 \|align=left\| Leyton Baths, Leyton, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Randy Turpin \|KO \|5 \|17 October 1950 \|align=left\| Harringay Arena, Harringay, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Albert Heyen \|PTS \|10 \|27 September 1950 \|align=left\| Ynysangharad Park, Pontypridd \|align=left\| \|- \|Draw \| \|align=left\| Cyrille Delannoit \|PTS \|10 \|21 July 1950 \|align=left\| Ostend, West Flanders \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Dick Turpin \|TKO \|8 \|3 July 1950 \|align=left\| Nottingham Ice Stadium, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Eli Elandon \|PTS \|10 \|26 June 1950 \|align=left\| Town Hall, Northampton, Northamptonshire \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Juan Torrecillas \|TKO \|3 \|12 June 1950 \|align=left\| Selhurst Park, Crystal Palace, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Dick Turpin \|PTS \|15 \|24 April 1950 \|align=left\| Nottingham Ice Stadium, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Joe Beckett \|PTS \|10 \|29 March 1950 \|align=left\| Norwich, Norfolk \|align=left\| \|- \|Draw \| \|align=left\| Mel Brown \|PTS \|10 \|13 March 1950 \|align=left\| Streatham Ice Arena, Streatham, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Draw \| \|align=left\| Allan Cooke \|PTS \|8 \|21 February 1950 \|align=left\| West Ham Baths, West Ham, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Baby Day \|PTS \|10 \|7 February 1950 \|align=left\| Empress Hall, Earl's Court, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Jimmy Ingle \|KO \|4 \|5 December 1949 \|align=left\| Leeds Town Hall, Leeds, Yorkshire \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Albert Heyen \|PTS \|10 \|14 November 1949 \|align=left\| Davis Theatre, Croydon, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Bert Hyland \|PTS \|8 \|24 October 1949 \|align=left\| Leyton Baths, Leyton, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| George Ross \|PTS \|10 \|4 October 1949 \|align=left\| Empress Hall, Earl's Court, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Bert Sanders \|PTS \|8 \|18 August 1949 \|align=left\| Stadium, Dartford, Kent \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Dick Turpin \|PTS \|15 \|20 June 1949 \|align=left\| St Andrew's, Birmingham, West Midlands \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Bob Cleaver \|KO \|7 \|24 May 1949 \|align=left\| Selhurst Park, Crystal Palace, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Bert Hyland \|PTS \|8 \|21 April 1949 \|align=left\| Manor Place Baths, Walworth, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Des Jones \|PTS \|8 \|10 March 1949 \|align=left\| Caledonian Road Baths, Islington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Luc van Dam \|PTS \|10 \|24 January 1949 \|align=left\| Royal Albert Hall, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Doug Myers \|TKO \|6 \|13 December 1948 \|align=left\| Manor Place Baths, Walworth, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Mark Hart \|PTS \|12 \|11 October 1948 \|align=left\| Acacia Hall, Croydon, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Bert Sanders \|PTS \|10 \|10 August 1948 \|align=left\| Selhurst Park, Crystal Palace, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| George Dilkes \|PTS \|8 \|11 June 1948 \|align=left\| Belle Vue Zoological Gardens, Belle Vue, Manchester \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Frederick Jock Taylor \|TKO \|7 \|8 June 1948 \|align=left\| Selhurst Park, Crystal Palace, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Randy Turpin \|PTS \|8 \|26 April 1948 \|align=left\| Royal Albert Hall, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Pat Mulcahy \|TKO \|6 \|15 December 1947 \|align=left\| Leyton Baths, Leyton, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Geoff Heath \|PTS \|8 \|10 December 1947 \|align=left\| Acacia Hall, Croydon, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Al Marson \|PTS \|8 \|28 November 1947 \|align=left\| Plumstead Baths, Plumstead, England \|align=left\| \|- \|No Contest \| \|align=left\| Jack Johnson \|NC \|4 \|1 July 1947 \|align=left\| London Olympia, Kensington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Freddie Price \|PTS \|8 \|28 April 1947 \|align=left\| Green Pond Road, Walthamstow, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Mark Hart \|PTS \|12 \|16 April 1947 \|align=left\| Manor Place Baths, Walworth, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Jimmy Ingle \|PTS \|8 \|11 March 1947 \|align=left\| Seymour Hall, Marylebone, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Bert Hyland \|TKO \|6 \|11 February 1947 \|align=left\| Regents Crest Hotel, Marylebone, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Arthur Sadd \|PTS \|8 \|21 January 1947 \|align=left\| Seymour Hall, Marylebone, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Tommy Braddock \|PTS \|8 \|17 December 1946 \|align=left\| Beckenham Baths, Beckenham, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Paddy Roche \|PTS \|8 \|3 December 1946 \|align=left\| Margate, Kent \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Frank Hayes \|PTS \|8 \|28 November 1946 \|align=left\| Ramsgate, Kent \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Alby Hollister \|PTS \|8 \|19 November 1946 \|align=left\| Seymour Hall Baths, Marylebone, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Mark Hart \|PTS \|12 \|23 October 1946 \|align=left\| Grand Theatre, Clapham, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Paddy Roche \|TKO \|8 \|14 October 1946 \|align=left\| Beckenham Baths, Beckenham, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Harry Groves \|PTS \|10 \|9 October 1946 \|align=left\| Grand Theatre, Clapham, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Vince Hawkins \|PTS \|8 \|17 September 1946 \|align=left\| Harringay Arena, Harringay, London, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Jim Hockley \|PTS \|8 \|9 July 1946 \|align=left\| Town Hall, Willesden, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Jimmy Stewart \|PTS \|8 \|25 June 1946 \|align=left\| Brighton Dome, Brighton, Sussex \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Johnny Blake \|PTS \|8 \|31 May 1946 \|align=left\| Agricultural Hall, Maidstone, Kent \|align=left\| \|- \|Loss \| \|align=left\| Harry Watson \|TKO \|5 \|25 March 1946 \|align=left\| Greenwich Baths, Greenwich, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Frank Hayes \|PTS \|8 \|19 March 1946 \|align=left\| Beckenham Baths, Beckenham, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Billy Cottrell \|PTS \|8 \|25 January 1946 \|align=left\| Manor Place Baths, Walworth, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Paddy Roche \|PTS \|8 \|24 January 1946 \|align=left\| Assembly Rooms, Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Billy Cottrell \|TKO \|5 \|16 January 1946 \|align=left\| Beckenham Baths, Beckenham, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Jim Hockley \|PTS \|8 \|7 January 1946 \|align=left\| Caledonian Road Baths, Islington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Jim Laverick \|PTS \|8 \|18 December 1945 \|align=left\| Queensbury Club, Soho, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Jack Lewis \|PTS \|6 \|3 December 1945 \|align=left\| Plumstead Baths, Plumstead, England \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Jack Lewis \|PTS \|8 \|13 November 1945 \|align=left\| Caledonian Road Baths, Islington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Cyril Johnson \|KO \|2 \|6 November 1945 \|align=left\| Queensbury Club, Soho, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Jim Hockley \|PTS \|6 \|20 October 1945 \|align=left\| Kingston Baths, Kingston, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Ted Baxter \|PTS \|6 \|9 October 1945 \|align=left\| Caledonian Road Baths, Islington, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Win \| \|align=left\| Gordon Griffiths \|PTS \|6 \|11 September 1945 \|align=left\| Queensbury Club, Soho, London \|align=left\| \|- \|Draw \| \|align=left\| Eddie Starrs \|PTS \|6 \|14 August 1945 \|align=left\| Queensbury Club, Soho, London \|align=left\| \|} See also List of British middleweight boxing champions References External links 1926 births 2003 deaths Sportspeople from Croydon English male boxers Boxers from Greater London Light-heavyweight boxers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Finch
İscehisar is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey, on the road between the city of Afyon and Ankara. It is the seat of İscehisar District. Its population is 13,285 (2021). The mayor is Ahmet Şahin (AKP). İscehisar has been identified as the ancient town of Docimium where the famous Docimaean marble was quarried which was used throughout the Roman Empire. References Populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province District municipalities in Turkey İscehisar District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0scehisar
Mark David Frankel (13 June 1962 – 24 September 1996) was a British actor, known for his leading roles in the British film Leon the Pig Farmer and the American TV series Kindred: The Embraced. Early life Frankel was born on 13 June 1962 in London, where he was raised. He was the son of David Lionel Frankel, a former Royal Air Force pilot, and Grace Marshall. His grandmother was a concert pianist, and his grandfather was a prominent violinist and conductor. His father's family were Jewish emigrants from Poland and Russia into the East End. His mother was from an Indian Jewish family in Mumbai and Iraq. He attended Frensham Heights School. Frankel was cast in his first professional theatre role at age 10, but he gave up acting at age 16 to concentrate on school. When he was 20, he returned to the theatre. He studied amateur dramatics, took numerous classes, and studied with Jack Walzer from the Actors Studio in New York. He then decided to attend drama school for classical training. He was awarded a full three-year scholarship to the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art. Career It was during a performance in a play that he was spotted by a British casting agent and cast in the TNT mini-series A Season of Giants, winning the lead role of Michelangelo over more than 80 actors screen-testing for the part. The mini-series took Frankel on location to Italy, where he spent five months filming and working with F. Murray Abraham, John Glover, Ian Holm, and Steven Berkoff. Frankel described his first big break: "After graduation, while doing four plays in London, I auditioned for a film called A Season of Giants which was a TNT film about the life of Michelangelo. That same evening the director came to my play and asked me to star in his film. That was my first big break. It was very exciting because I had been out of drama school for only a month." Frankel also appeared in Maigret opposite Michael Gambon; the episode (Maigret and the Mad Woman) was shot in Budapest, Hungary for Granada Television. In Leningrad, Russia, he filmed TNT's Young Catherine playing the role of Count Orlov and appeared with Vanessa Redgrave, Christopher Plummer, Franco Nero, and Maximilian Schell. Frankel's feature film credits include the title role in Leon the Pig Farmer which was released in Europe in 1993 and won the Critics Award at the Venice Film Festival and the Charlie Chaplin Award at the Edinburgh Film Festival that same year. After Leon the Pig Farmer, Frankel relocated to Hollywood. After ten days, his manager had set up some meetings for him, one with the casting director of Sisters. He was offered the role of "Simon Bolt." At first, he declined because he did not want to commit to a regular TV series; he wanted the freedom to pursue other opportunities. However, the producers continued to pursue him, and he eventually accepted. Other feature film credits include For Roseanna with Jean Reno and Mercedes Ruehl, and Solitaire for Two with Amanda Pays. Other television credits include Fortune Hunter and Kindred: the Embraced, both for the Fox Network. Frankel also appeared in the London stage productions of A Streetcar Named Desire in the role of Stanley Kowalski, Days of Cavafy, and as the titular character in Agamemnon. Additionally, he played the lead roles in Little Hands, Sentimental, and A Private Death. Personal life In 1990, Frankel's older brother Joe died in an aircraft accident. In 1991, he married French advertising account executive Caroline Besson. They had two children, Fabien and Max. Their second son was born after Frankel's death. Death On 24 September 1996, the 34-year-old Frankel died in a traffic crash from injuries sustained when he was hit by a lorry driver. The funeral service was carried out at Kingston Liberal Synagogue and was attended by friends, co-stars, and professional colleagues, including actor Jason Isaacs and director Gary Sinyor. Filmography Film Television References External links Official Mark Frankel Fansite 1962 births 1996 deaths 20th-century English male actors British male television actors English people of Indian-Jewish descent Jewish British male actors Male actors from London Male actors from Surrey People educated at Frensham Heights School Pedestrian road incident deaths Road incident deaths in London	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Frankel
Kızılören is a rural town of Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey, 26 km from the towns of Sandıklı and Dinar, near the road to Ankara. It is the seat of Kızılören District. Its population is 1,377 (2021), down from 6,000 in 1990. Economy Kızılören is a poor district and many people have left in search of jobs in nearby Denizli, Antalya, Eskişehir and other industrial cities in Turkey and Europe. References Populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province District municipalities in Turkey Kızılören District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l%C3%B6ren
Sergei Aleksandrovich Buturlin (); 22 September 1872 in Montreux – 22 January 1938 in Moscow was a Russian ornithologist. He was a pioneer in Russia of the study of the diversity of species and described more than 200 new species of bird. Biography A scion of one of the oldest families of Russian nobility, Buturlin spent most his life in Russia although he was born in the Swiss town of Montreux along with a twin brother Alexander who died at the age of seven. His father A.S Buturlin (1845-1916) was physician, writer and Marxist friend of Leo Tolstoy. He went to a classical gymnasium in Simbirsk (modern Ulyanovsk) and studied jurisprudence in St. Petersburg from 1890 and graduated with a gold medal in 1894-95. He took an interest in hunting at a young age and became a friend of Boris Mikhailovich Zhitkov at an early age. Buturlin married Vera Vladimirovna Markova, the sister of a law school classmate, in 1898. The couple moved to Wesenberg (Estonia) where he served as a justice of peace until 1918. The marriage however did not last. Although his position paid a salary, his interest in zoology was greater and he spent most of his career collecting specimens across Russia and Siberia and describing the results of his observations. Until 1892 he collected in the Volga region, then in the Baltic region; from 1900 to 1902, along with B.M. Zhitkov, on the islands of Kolguyev and Novaya Zemlya. Between 1904 and 1906 he took part in an expedition to the Kolyma River in Siberia, and in 1909 he visited the Altai Mountains, and he made his final expedition in 1925 on the Chukchi Peninsula. He received a doctorate in 1936 without a dissertation. During World War I, many of Buturlin's collections were stored on the estate of his neighbour, the Krotkovs. These were raided during the 1917 revolution and thought to be lost, however some of the material was rediscovered after Buturlin's death in the Simbirsk Folk Museum. This was also a time when his mother died and a brother was shot. In 1918 he joined the zoological museum of the University of Moscow, and in 1924 he donated his collection of palaearctic birds. In 1906 Buturlin became a foreign member of the British Ornithologists' Union; in 1907 he became a corresponding member of the American Ornithologists' Union. Buturlin published many important work on the taxonomy and distribution of the palaearctic birds, including: The Birds of the Kolguyev Island and Novaya Zemlya and the lower part of the Darna (1901) The Birds of the Simbirsk Government (1906) The Birds of the Yenisseisk District (1911, with Arkady Yakovlevich Tugarinov (1880–1948)) A series of manuscripts over the birds of the Far East (1909–1917) Complete Synopsis of the Birds of the USSR, in three volumes An article on his discovery the breeding places of Ross's gull (Rhodostethia rosea) in northeast Siberia Works Кулики Российской Империи. Дружинина, Tula 1902. On the breeding-habits of the rosy gull and the pectoral sandpiper. London 1907. Систематические заметки о птицах Северного Кавказа. Machatschkala 1929. Определитель промысловых птиц. Советская Азия, Moskau 1933. Полный определитель птиц СССР. КИОЦ, Moscow 1934–1941. Что и как наблюдать в жизни птиц. 1934. ("What and how to observe in the life of birds") Трубконозые птицы. КИОЦ, Moscow 1936. Дробовое ружье. 1937. Птицы. Moscow 1940. References Other sources Borodina, O. E. & T. A. Gromova: Сергей Александрович Бутурлин. Ulyanovsk 2002. Kozlova, Mariia Mikhailovna & Mirzoëiìan, Eduard Nikolaevich: Сергей Александрович Бутурлин 1872–1938. Наука, Moscow 2001. Kozlova, Mariia Mikhailovna: Перо розовой чайки. Ulyanovsk 1997. External links Отчет Уполномоченного Министерства внутренних дел по снабжению продовольствием в 1905 году Колымского и Охотского края мирового судьи С.А. Бутурлина (Report of the Commissioner of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for the supply of food in 1905 of the Kolyma and Okhotsk Territories) 1872 births 1938 deaths Untitled nobility from the Russian Empire Expatriates from the Russian Empire in Switzerland Ornithologists from the Russian Empire Novaya Zemlya	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei%20Buturlin
Sinanpaşa (or Sincanlı) is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province, Turkey on a plain surrounded by pine-covered mountains, 33 km from the city of Afyon on the road to Uşak and İzmir. It is the seat of Sinanpaşa District. Its population is 3,544 (2021). The mayor is Erdal Karaman (AKP). Winters are cold and snowy, and summers are dry and hot. History The area has been a crossroads since antiquity, with archaeological evidence indicating habitation since 4000 BC. Surface excavations in the village of Küçükhöyük go back to 3000 BC. The name Sinan Paşa comes from the son of a lord of the Akkoyunlu Turks who in 1473 took refuge with Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II during the war between the Akkoyunlu and the warrior Uzun Hasan (the Otlukbeli War). Later in the Ottoman period the important general Hersekzade Ahmet Paşa settled here in the village still known as Ahmet Paşa today. The town was occupied by Greek forces during the Turkish War of Independence, but was recovered during the great Turkish counter-attack in 1922. Sinanpaşa today Nowadays Sinanpaşa is a country town providing schools, hospital and other infrastructure to the surrounding countryside, where poppy seeds, wheat and other grains are grown. References Populated places in Sinanpaşa District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinanpa%C5%9Fa
Sultandağı is a town of Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Sultandağı District. Its population is 5,195 (2021). It is located at 68 km from the city of Afyon on the road to Konya, near Lake Akşehir at the foothills of the Sultan Mountains (Sultandağ), a meeting point of the Aegean and central Anatolian geographical zones. The mayor is Osman Acar (CHP). History The area has been settled since antiquity but the town that stands today, formerly known as İshaklı, was founded by the Seljuk lord İshak Bey and named after him. The name Sultandağı comes from the mountains' use as a stronghold for the armies of the Seljuk sultan when fighting the Byzantines. At that time the Silk Road from the Arabian Peninsula passed through here on the way to the Aegean coast. Sultandağı is famous for cherries which is exported to over 50 countries. Every year, "Cherry Festival" takes places in Sultandagi. In this festival, the farmers competes to exhibit their cherries to the jury. taking the "size" criteria into consideration, the jury tries to decide the owner of the biggest cherries in the related year. Usually, the first winner is awarded with gold, fuel for their tractors, etc. During the festival, famous singers performs on the stage. Some of these singers are Orhan Hakalmaz, Murat Basaran, Izzet Altinmese, Lara, Sumer Ezgu, etc. There was a large earthquake in 2001 which caused little loss of life; it was this event which led most people to focus their attention on the town. References Populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province Sultandağı District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanda%C4%9F%C4%B1
Şuhut (Ottoman Turkish شهود Şuhūd; formerly Ancient Greek Σύνναδα Synnada) is a town in Afyonkarahisar Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Şuhut District. Its population is 15,054 (2021). It lies in a small plain, 29 km east of the city of Afyon. The mayor is Recep Bozkurt (AKP). History Excavations of a burial mound at Kepirtepe show the plain has been settled since the Neolithic period. The town was established during the Hittite period and grew under the Romans, by then it was known as Synnada. See Synnada for details on the area in antiquity and for the ecclesiastical history of the town in the Byzantine period. Today Today Şuhut is a country town providing schools and other amenities to the surrounding rural area. Much of the land is used for raising beef cattle and growing wheat; Şuhut is famed for the quality of its meat and wheat stew, called keşkek. There is also a poultry industry and other crops, such as sugar beet, are grown. The younger generation are migrating to larger cities in search of careers. Places of interest There are a number of Hittite burial mounds. The rock tombs of Bininler Asmakaya Castle Atatürk's House, aka Great Offensive Headquarters, a historic house museum, which was used as temporary headquarters by then Commander-in-Chief Mustafa Kemal Pasha (Atatürk) right before the Great Offensive in August 1922. Şuhut Memorial Cemetery in dedication to the Turkish soldiers killed in action during the Great Offensive in August 1922. References Populated places in Afyonkarahisar Province District municipalities in Turkey Şuhut District Phrygia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Euhut
Buturlin, feminine: Buturlina () is a Russian surname of a Russian noble . Notable people with this surname include: Alexander Buturlin (1694–1767), a Russian general Anna Artemevna Buturlina (1777–1854), Russian artist and noblewoman Alexander Buturlin (ice hockey) (born 1981), a Russian ice hockey player Dmitry Petrovich Buturlin (writer) (1790–1849), a Russian statesman and writer Elizabeth Divov born countess Buturlina (1762–1813), Russian courtier Sergei Aleksandrovich Buturlin (1872–1938), a Russian ornithologist Vasili Buturlin (? – 1656), a Russian boyar and voyevoda Russian-language surnames	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buturlin
Enez is a town in Edirne Province, in East Thrace, Turkey. The ancient name of the town was Ainos (), Latinised as Aenus. It is the seat of Enez District. Its population is 4,301 (2022). The mayor is Özkan Günenç (CHP). Enez consists of an old town centre, backing on to the Meriç/Evros river forming the border with neighbouring Greece; the harbour and Pırlanta Beach, 3 km southwest across the lagoon; and Altınkum Sahili (Golden Sands Beach), another 2 km south, which has been developed as a resort strip mainly catering for domestic tourists. Despite Enez's proximity to the Greek border there is no crossing point by land here. To cross the border into Greece it is necessary to travel north to İpsala. Location The town is located on the left (eastern) bank of the river Meriç (Greek: Evros, historically the Hebrus) where its estuary broadens to flow into the Gulf of Saros (the ancient Melas Gulf) and so into the Aegean Sea. Enez occupies a ridge of rock surrounded by broad marshes. In ancient Greek times it lay on a land route for trade from the Black Sea to the Aegean and was a port for transporting the wood and fruit produced in eastern and central Thrace. History Antiquity The mythical and eponymous founder of the ancient Greek city of Ainos/Aenus was said to be Aeneus, a son of the god Apollo and father of Cyzicus. Another mythical ruler, named Poltys, son of Poseidon, entertained Heracles when he came to Aenus. On that occasion, Heracles slew Poltys' insolent brother Sarpedon on the beach of Aenus. According to Strabo, Sarpedon is the name of the coastline near Aenus, so both Poltys and Sarpedon would appear to be eponyms. The Suda suggests that the first settlers were Greeks from the Alopeconnesus and later more settlers came from Mytilene and Kyme which agrees with what Harpocration had written. Presumably because of the similarity of the names, Virgil had Aeneas founding the city after the destruction of Troy. A surer sign of its antiquity comes from the Iliad, where Homer mentions that Peirous, who led Troy's Thracian allies, came from Aenus. Herodotus (7.58) and Thucydides say Aenus was an Aeolian colony. Pseudo-Scymnus and Scymnus Chius (696) say that the colonists came from Mytilene on Lesbos Island, while Stephanus Byzantius says they came (also?) from Cumae. According to Strabo (p. 319), a more ancient name for the place was Poltyobria while Stephanus says it was also called Apsinthus. As a subject ally of Athens, Aenus provided peltasts at the Battle of Sphacteria in 425 BC and sent forces to the Sicilian Expedition in 415. During the Hellenistic period Ainos changed hands multiple times. After a spell of Macedonian rule, the city passed to Lysimachos of Thrace after the death of Alexander the Great, and was subsequently taken by the Seleucid Empire after his defeat and death at the Battle of Corupedium in 281 BC. It then became a possession of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, when it was captured as a result of the Third Syrian War around 246 BC, it was subsequently captured by Philip V of Macedon in 200 BC, and later by Antiochus the Great, who lost it to the Romans in 185 BC, whereupon the Romans declared Aenus a free city. It was still a free city in the time of Pliny the Elder. Byzantine period The city is mentioned first among the cities of the province of Rhodope in the 6th-century Synecdemus of Hierocles. Under Justinian I (r. 527–565), the city wall was heightened and the previously unprotected shore fortified. In the middle Byzantine period, the city was part of the Theme of Thrace. In 1091, in the nearby hamlet of Lebounion, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) and his Cuman allies dealt a crushing defeat on the Pechenegs. In 1189, the town was plundered by soldiers of the Third Crusade under Duke Frederick of Swabia, with the inhabitants fleeing by ship. In the Partitio Romaniae of 1204, the city is attested as a distinct district (catepanikium de Eno). Under Latin rule, it was the seat of a Catholic bishop (a suffragan of Trajanopolis), while in a document of 1219 the Crusader barons Balduin de Aino and Goffred de Mairi are mentioned as lords of the city. In 1237 a Cuman raid reached the city, and in 1294 it was besieged by the Bulgarians under Constantine Tikh and his Tatar allies until the Byzantines released Sultan Kaykawus II. In June 1265 Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos granted the Venetians the right to settle and trade in the city. In 1347, John Palaiologos, Marquess of Montferrat, planned to take over the city. In 1351, John V Palaiologos demanded possession of Ainos from the senior emperor John VI Kantakouzeno. In the ensuing civil war, Palaiologos signed a treaty with Venice here on 10 October 1352, securing financial assistance in exchange for ceding the island of Tenedos as collateral. After Palaiologos' Serbian and Bulgarian allies were defeated by Kantakouzenos' Ottoman allies, Ainos was captured by Kantakouzenos loyalists and was placed under the rule of the exiled ruler of Epirus, Nikephoros II Orsini. Following the death of the Serbian emperor Stephen Dushan and his governor of Thessaly, Preljub, in 1355, however, Nikephoros abandoned the city and sailed to Thessaly to claim his ancestral inheritance. His admiral Limpidarios took over control of the city in his absence, despite the opposition of Nikephoros' wife Maria Kantakouzene (daughter of John VI). Maria locked herself in the city's citadel and continued to resist for a while, before agreeing to depart. Ottoman period With the gradual Ottoman conquest of Thrace in the 1360s and '70s, the city became a haven for the Greek population. From ca. 1384 on the city came under the rule of the Genoese Gattilusio family, beginning with Niccolo Gattilusio. The Gattilusi maintained their possession by exploiting the city's wealth, chiefly derived from salt pans and fisheries, and sending an annual tribute to the Ottomans. In 1408/9 Niccolo Gattilusio was deposed by his son Palamede, who ruled until his death in 1454. His younger son, Dorino II, squabbled with Helena Notaras, the widow of Niccolo's elder son Giorgio Gattilusio, and ruled for only two years. Helena Notaras appealed to the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II who attacked the city from land and sea and forced it to surrender in January 1456. In 1463 Ainos was given by Mehmed II to the deposed Despot of the Morea, Demetrios Palaiologos, as an appanage (along with parts of Thasos and Samothrace). He remained in possession of the town until 1467, when he fell into disgrace. The Venetians briefly captured the city in 1469. Modern period The town gave its name to the Enos-Midia line, which briefly marked the border of the Ottoman Empire in Europe in the disastrous aftermath of the First Balkan War. The border was shifted further northwest after the Turks made some limited gains in the Second Balkan War, recapturing the city of Edirne. Enez had a large Greek population, and was affected from the 19th century onwards by ethnic conflicts and nationalistic aspirations. After the Turkish War of Independence (1919-23), the Treaty of Lausanne drew the current borders of Turkey and required Greek communities to leave Turkey while Turkish communities left Greece and Bulgaria. Overnight Enez became a provincial backwater, a dead-end, up against an unfriendly border. It was a garrison town and military zone, off-limits to foreigners, right into the 21st century. Although foreigners are now allowed to visit, modern Enez makes a living largely from local tourism. Improved highways bring many weekenders from Istanbul. - the original town has a steady population while that of the beach strip soars in summer and drops to near zero in winter. Enez remains the westernmost Turkish town on the European continent (excluding Imbros which is an island). The town of Alexandroupoli (Dedeağaç) lies just across the border with Greece but the two towns are separated by a swampland reserve and the Evros/Meriç River delta so that what should be a short journey actually takes about 1.5 hours. In the late 2010s and early 2020s the area became especially sensitive since it separates Turkey from the European Union. The tense situation around the border has tended to limit development in the area which has been a boon for the delta wildlife. Attractions Enez was the site of a Byzantine Church of Hagia Sophia built in the 12th century (although some sources suggest the sixth century) but converted into a mosque during the reign of Sultan Mehmed II. The mosque was repaired several times in the 18th century but was left in ruins after an earthquake in 1965. Work began on a new restoration in 2016 and the mosque reopened for worship in 2021. The mosque stands inside the remains of Enez Castle (Turkish: Enez Kalesi) which probably dates back to the reign of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I and was probably built as a defence against raids from the Balkans. The Has Yunus Bey Türbesi is a historic mosque and graveyard 300 m south of the castle which started life as a Byzantine chapel. Has Yunus Bey was the commander who captured Enez for the Ottomans and who was buried here. The only historic monument in the resort area of Enez is the Sahil KervansarayI, the shell of an Ottoman caravanserai, which might have functioned as a customs office. It's believed to date back to the 16th century, when it probably stood on the coastline, now 500 m away. Local accounts suggest that it served a military function during the First World War, and it's therefore known as the İngiliz Kışlası ("English barracks"). Ecclesiastical history The city was already an episcopal see in the 4th century under bishop Olympius who was driven from the see by the Arians in the reign of Constantius II. At first it was a suffragan of Trajanopolis, the capital and metropolitan see of the Roman province of Rhodope, but by the time of the Notitia Episcopatuum of Pseudo-Epiphanius (c. 640), it was an autocephalous archbishopric and rose to become a separate metropolitan see (without suffragans) at the end of the 11th century. Macarius took part in the Council of Chalcedon (451), Paul in the Second Council of Constantinople (553), George in the Trullan Council of 692, and John in the Photian Council of Constantinople (879). Another John took part in the Council of 1030/38, and Michael in the councils of 1092 and 1094. Between 1285 and 1315, the see was awarded to the Metropolitan of Antioch in Pisidia. In 1361 the see was awarded to the Metropolitan of Makre, two years later to the Metropolitan of Sougdaia and in 1369 to the Bishop of Athyra. It remained a residential see of the Greek Orthodox Church until the 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey. No longer a residential bishopric, Aenus is now listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see. Notable people Python of Aenus, a Greek philosopher Heraclides of Aenus, a Greek philosopher See also List of ancient Greek cities References Sources External links Official website of the District of Enez Website of the Municipality of Enez Petit, L. Typicon du monastère de la Kosmosotira près d'Aenos (1152. - Izvestija Russkogo arheologicheskogo instituta v Konstantinopole, T. XIII (1908), pp. 17-77 Aegean Sea port cities and towns in Turkey Populated places in Edirne Province Fishing communities in Turkey Enez District Catholic titular sees in Europe Greek colonies in the Thracian Chersonese District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enez
Meriç is a town in Edirne Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Meriç District. Its population is 2,820 (2022). The mayor is Erol Dübek (CHP). History The land was conquered by the Ottomans in 1361. Until the Balkan Wars in 1912, a part of the district was part of Soufli (back then still part of the Ottoman Empire), with the other part being connected to the neighbouring district Uzunköprü. After Soufli was lost to Greece in 1913, a new district was formed with the name Kavaklı. From 1920 to 1922, the area was annexed by Greece. Until 1930, the name stayed the same. In 1930, the district got its current name Meriç. Name Kavaklı (1913-1930) Meriç (1930-present) The name Meriç comes from the river of Meriç, a river forming the border between present day Turkey and Greece. References External links Edirne Photos - Meriç Photos Populated places in Meriç District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meri%C3%A7%2C%20Edirne
Alucra is a town in Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey, from the city of Giresun. It is the seat of Alucra District. Its population is 3,945 (2022). It was a district of Şebinkarahisar province between 1924-1933. Etymology Alucra is a modification of the Ottoman Empire name El Ücra meaning far-off or remote. Culture Local cuisine includes: Fit (Düü) Çorbası - a soup made of onions and bulgur wheat Yağlaç - a cornflour-based polenta-style meal Pancar Çorbası - beetroot soup Ekmek Aşı - dried bread soaked in a stew of fried meat with onions and hot pepper Ayran Çorbası - yoghurt soup Kesme Çorbası - a kind of local minestrone soup with lentils and dumplings Helle - a soupy dish of bulgur and mint Oğlak Kebabı - yeanling kebab In July, there is a well-known summer festival. History This area has firstly been settled by the Hittites in ancient times. During the Middle Ages, Alucra was the part of the Byzantine Empire, disrupted by the Arab armies of the Abbasid caliphate. Turks first came to the area in their 11th century movement into Anatolia from their homeland in Central Asia following their defeat of the Byzantines at the Battle of Malazgirt. From 1054 this area was settled by the Kipchak Turks from southern Russia, who moved into the area along the Black Sea coast, under the loose authority of the Seljuk Turks. The Seljuks assumed direct control by defeating the Mengujekids in 1228, but their rule came to an end with their defeat by the Mongol hordes at Kösedağ in 1243. The Anatolian beyliks remerged despite the growth of the Ottoman Empire until the area was brought into Ottoman in 1473 with the defeat of Uzun Hasan by Sultan Mehmet II at the battle of Otlukbeli. Places of interest As well as walks in the high pastures (yayla), there are a number of historical sites: Kamışlı Kilisesi - a church in the village of Çakrak, built by Greeks in the 1800s Çakrak Kilisesi - a ruined church Gelinkaya (Bride's Rock - site of a gruesome local legend) Ikizler Tepesi - two hills near the village of Pirilli Notable natives Nurettin Canikli (born 1960), Turkish politician and former minister References External links Photos of Alucra - 1 Photos of Alucra - 2 Photos of Alucra - 3 photos alucra and koman koyu Photos of the village of Akçiçek Village of Aktepe Village of Doludere and Tohumlu Tohumluk Populated places in Giresun Province Alucra District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alucra
Bulancak (Georgian: ბულანჩაკი) is a town in Giresun Province on the Black Sea coast of Turkey, near the city of Giresun. Its former name is Terastios. It is the seat of Bulancak District. Its population is 49,053 (2022). The municipality was established in 1887 and became a district seat in 1934. Because of its closeness to Giresun City, it is easily reachable by public transport and thus Bulancak can be considered a part of Giresun City's metropolitan area. Bulancak's general economy is based on fishing and agriculture. The main agricultural product in the district is hazelnuts, and is traditionally the main means of income for the people of the region. The football club Bulancakspor is from the area. History The known history of the region goes back to the Hittites. While the region was under the rule of the Hittites in 1400-1200 BC, the Trabzon-Erzurum-Giresun regions were called "the land of the Azzi". The Milesians who were traders along the Aegean Region in antiquity established their trading colony of Kerasous, which the city and province of Giresun gets its name from, approximately around the modern town of Bulancak. The Giresun area came under the rule of the Persian Empire in the 4th century BC, and then passed over to the rule of the Macedonians. In the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, the Kingdom of Pontus dominated the region. In 61 BC, when the Pontian King Mithridates the Great was defeated by the Roman Commander Lucullus, the city and local administration came under Roman rule. When the Roman Empire was divided into two in AD 395, the Bulancak region came under the rule of the Eastern Roman Empire. When Constantinople, the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, was invaded by the Crusaders in the 11th century AD, the children of Emperor Manuel Kommenos came to Trebizond and established the Empire of Trebizond, with modern-day city of Trabzon as the capital, in 1204 AD. Bulancak also remained within the borders of this state, and the city was named "Terastios" during the Komnenos period. During the Seljuk period, the Turcomans, who came from Central Asia and Khorasan started the conquest of Anatolia, also brought the Black Sea coasts under Turkish domination. As a result of the weakening of the Sultanate of Rum during the Crusades, the coastline passed from the hands of the Turks to the Empire of Trebizond, which was established in 1204 AD. In 1277 AD, the Chepni, a branch of the Oghuz Turks who came to Anatolia, first took the ancient Sinope region. Meanwhile, Mongolian pressure was weakening in Anatolia. Later, they came to dominate the entire Canik area (Central Black Sea region). 60–65 years after the conquest, in 1455, Terástios, an administrative unit that came under the jurisdiction of a Naiblik, that is, under the administration of Kadı Naibi, according to the census conducted in the same year, was the hometown of Mustafa Kethüda, Şemsettin Kethüda and Çakıroğlu Pir Kadem Kethüda. According to the registration, however, in urban areas such as Giresun City and Tirebolu, trade was in the hands of Greeks and Armenians, since Turks were conscripted into the military. During the Beylik of Hacı Emir (Murad II period), the region came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, and with the capture of Trebizond in the period of Mehmed the Conqueror in 1461, the entirety of the Black Sea Region became part of the Ottomans. When the region passed to the Ottoman Empire, its name was changed to Akköy. Administrative history While the district of Bulancak was a part of Giresun City under the name of "Akköy", a municipality was established in the town in 1887 and then graduated on to become a district in 1934. It is known that Chepni Turks and Pontic Greeks lived here, some Laz from Rize and Artvin also immigrated to the region in the 1900s, and after the war of '93 , many refugees from Batumi and the surrounding area settled in the region. (Yunuslu and Süme villages) Geography The geographical structure of the town reflects the characteristics of the typical Black Sea geographical structure. A rapid rise starts some 20m off from the coast, so the terrain is very rough. It is very rich in vegetation, and hazelnut orchards from the coast constitute the majority of the vegetation and cover up to an altitude of 2000 meters. From the coast, chestnut forests begin and forest plants such as alder, elm, hornbeam, poplar and linden can be seen in places. Again, as you go inland from the coast, the vegetation changes depending on the altitude, respectively, oak, hornbeam, spruce, fir and pine forests can be seen. References External links The Municipality Business Directory of Bulancak Populated places in Bulancak District Populated coastal places in Turkey District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulancak
Kateřina Neumannová () (born 15 February 1973) is a Czech retired cross-country skier. She won an Olympic gold medal in the 2006 Winter Olympics, in the 30 km freestyle event. She is one of five cross country skiers to have competed at six Olympics. She was also the first Czech woman to appear in both a Summer and Winter Olympics, having participated in the mountain biking event at the 1996 Summer Olympics. Neumannová retired after the 2006-07 World Cup season. Career overview She was a flatwater canoeist and downhill skier before moving to cross country skiing at sixteen. Neumannová made her first appearance in the Winter Olympics in 1992 in Albertville. Her goal was only to gain experience. However, in all races (both individual and relay) she belonged to the best Czechoslovak athletes. Two years later, in Lillehammer, she was already among the best. She was 8th in 5 km classical and 6th in combination with 10 km free. Her training during summer involved riding mountain bike and when the sport become popular she decided to race in it. Thanks to her strong muscles she quickly achieved successes. In 1995, she won a bronze medal at the European Championships, and she also qualified for the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. Although cross-country skiing remained her main sport and her summer training was usually lighter she took preparations for Atlanta seriously. "This time I left out the pleasant period and started abruptly. Thanks to it I achieved results in athletic tests that I last run in junior categories," she said before the Olympics. But her preparations were not in the best conditions. She practised in cold weather in Šumava while great heat was expected for the Atlanta race. On 31 July 1996, she became the first Czech female athlete to compete on both Winter and Summer Olympics when starting in the mountain bike race at the Georgia International Horse Park in Conyers, Georgia, United States. But the race itself was a horror for her. She fell off the bike early in the race. "I overrun about 15 racers but then a terrible crisis came upon me. I did not race anymore, I just wanted to finish," she described the race. She mainly complained about the terrible heat and said it was one of her worst experiences. First major medal Neumannová started the 1996/1997 season with a fourth place in the World Cup opener. The race took place in Kiruna and was run on 5 km free. Neumannová was content with the result but complained about soft snow she did not like. "If the track was more firm, I believe I would stand on the platform", she commented. At the end of the year she clearly dominated the Czech Championships on 5 km free and 10 km classic. She commented it was mainly training for her as the main goal for the season was World Championships. For it she announced a goal to finish among best six. Only two weeks later, on 11 and 12 January, she achieved two second places in the World Cup. It was again on the 5 km and 10 km distances, but this time it was 5 km classic and 10 km free. The race was run in Hakuba, Japan on the tracks ready for 1998 Winter Olympics On 17 February 2005, she won the 10 km free at the Nordic skiing World Championships. Neumannová defended her 10 km free title at the following championships in Sapporo on 27 February 2007. On 24 February 2006, in her 20th and final Olympic race, Neumannová won her sixth Olympic medal, but first Winter Olympic gold medal in the 30 km freestyle mass start and became the oldest winner in the event. On 14 January 2007 Neumannová received the title Czech Sportsperson of the Year 2006, a trophy awarded by journalists in the Czech Republic. 2009 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships In late 2006, Neumannová was named an honorary vice president of the organizing committee for the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec, the Czech Republic. On 25 July 2007, she succeeded Roman Kumpost as chair of the organizing committee for the 2009 championships. Cross-country skiing results All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Olympic Games 6 medals – (1 gold, 4 silver, 1 bronze) World Championships 5 medals – (2 gold, 1 silver, 2 bronze) a. Cancelled due to extremely cold weather. World Cup Season standings Individual podiums 19 victories – (18 , 1 ) 49 podiums – (48 , 1 ) Team podiums 1 victory – (1 ) 2 podiums – (1 , 1 ) Note: Until the 1999 World Championships, World Championship races were included in the World Cup scoring system. Personal life On 2 July 2003, Neumannová gave birth to a girl named Lucie. See also List of athletes with the most appearances at Olympic Games References External links Kateřina Neumannová at Czech.cz Cross-country skiers at the 1992 Winter Olympics Cross-country skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics Cross-country skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics Cross-country skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics Cross-country skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics Cyclists at the 1996 Summer Olympics Czech female cross-country skiers Czech female cyclists Czech mountain bikers Olympic cross-country skiers for Czechoslovakia Olympic cross-country skiers for the Czech Republic Olympic cyclists for the Czech Republic Olympic gold medalists for the Czech Republic Olympic silver medalists for the Czech Republic Olympic bronze medalists for the Czech Republic Sportspeople from Písek 1973 births Living people Recipients of Medal of Merit (Czech Republic) Olympic medalists in cross-country skiing FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 1998 Winter Olympics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%C5%99ina%20Neumannov%C3%A1
Çamoluk is a town in Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Çamoluk District. Its population is 2,985 (2022). Being 180 km inland, in a valley of the upper Kelkit River, Çamoluk is different in landscape, climate and lifestyle from the city of Giresun and the other districts on the Black Sea coast. History The valley of the Kelkit has been a passage to the Black Sea coast for thousands of years, was once part of the Roman Empire and from 381 the succeeding Byzantine Empire. Arab invaders occupied the valley in 778 followed by early settlements of the Oghuz Turks. Fighting between Turks and Byzantines continued in this corner of Anatolia for centuries, beyond the arrival of the Seljuk Turkish armies of Toğrül Bey in 1058, and the foundation of the Empire of Trebizond of which Çamoluk was part. The castle was built by the Trapezuntines in 1204 to defend the valley from further waves of Seljuk invaders. In 1464 Sultan Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire came down the valley in his campaign against Şebinkarahisar and Çamoluk was brought within the Empire. References External districts mayor website çamoluk local information and more* Populated places in Giresun Province Çamoluk District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87amoluk
Pieter van der Moere, also known as Brother Pedro de Gante or Pedro de Mura (c. 1480 – 1572) was a Franciscan missionary in sixteenth century Mexico. Born in Geraardsbergen in present-day Belgium, he was of Flemish descent. Since Flanders, like Spain, belonged to the Habsburg Empire and he was a relative of King Charles V (he was thought to be a bastard son of Emperor Maximilian I), he was allowed to travel to the colonies of New Spain as one of a group of Franciscan friars. Gante's group in fact arrived before the 12 Franciscans normally thought of as the first friars in New Spain. In Mexico he spent his life as a missionary, indoctrinating the indigenous population in Christian catechism and dogma. He learned Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, and composed a Christian "doctrina". One of his most significant contributions to Mexico was the creation of the School of San Jose de los Naturales. This was the first school set up by Europeans in the Americas. In 1988 he was beatified, by Pope John Paul II. He was ranked 99th in a 2005 vote on the list of Greatest Belgians (De Grootste Belg). Works Manuscripts Catecismo de la doctrina cristiana con jeroglíficos, para la enseñanza de los indios de México: Madrid, Archivo Histórico Nacional, Códice 1257B. Published Works Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Mexicana. Per signum crucis. Icamachiotl cruz yhuicpain toya chua Xitech momaquixtili Totecuiyoc diose. Ica inmotocatzin. Tetatzin yhuan Tepilizin yhuan Spiritus Sancti. Amen Jesús (first published ca. 1547, Mexico: Juan Pablos; 1553, Amberes; 1553, Mexico: Juan Pablos, 1555. Facsimile edition with comments by ed. Ernesto de la Torre Villar (Mexico, 1981). Catecismo de la doctrina cristiana con jeroglíficos, para la enseñanza de los indios de México, Facsimile edition with comments by Federico Navarro (Madrid, 1970) / Justino Cortés Castellanos, El catecismo en pictogramas de Fr. Pedro de Gante (Madrid, 1987). Cartas, versos religiosos en mejicano, ed. en: Joaquín García Icazbalceta, Códice franciscano (Mexico, 1941), 212ff. References External links The Franciscan Encyclopedia on Pedro de Gante Information at De Grootste Belg 1480s births 1572 deaths People from Geraardsbergen Flemish Franciscans Belgian beatified people Translators from Nahuatl Novohispanic Mesoamericanists 16th-century Mesoamericanists 16th-century venerated Christians	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20de%20Gante
Çanakçı is a town in Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Çanakçı District. Its population is 1,868 (2022). Çanakçı is a small town inland from the Black Sea coastal town of Görele. Formerly part of the district of Görele, it became a district seat in 1990. Famous "Kuşdili" festival is held in Çanakçı every July. Hundreds of people from nearby places attend this festival. The Kemenche, which is one of the traditional Eastern Black Sea instruments, is played in Çanakçı. One of the most important folk songs is "Çanakçı'dan aşağı". References External links Populated places in Giresun Province Çanakçı District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87anak%C3%A7%C4%B1
Dereli is a town in Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Dereli District. Its population is 5,879 (2022). The mayor is Kazım Zeki Şenlikoğlu (AKP). Dereli is a small town in attractive countryside, in the valley of the Aksu Deresi and Akkaya River, 28 km inland from Giresun on the road to Şebinkarahisar. History See Giresun for the history of this area, once occupied by the Hittites, Persians, Ancient Greek colonists from Miletos, Macedonians, Ancient Romans, Byzantines, Seljuk Turks, who settled in these valleys and arounds Muslim Kızılbaş, Turkmen Turks (Chepni) and finally the Ottoman Empire. Places to see Kümbet Salon Çayırı Aymaç Karagöl References Populated places in Dereli District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dereli
Doğankent is a town in Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Doğankent District. Its population is 4,545 (2022). Geography Doğankent is a hilly district in the valley of the Harşit. The climate is typical of the Black Sea region, with much rain, summer and winter. Doğankent provides high schools and other basic amenities to the surrounding villages. Etymology Previously known as Kürtün-ü Zir, Manastır Bükü and Harşit. History There was a monastery here in the Byzantine period, hence the earlier name. The area was settled by Seljuk Turks following their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Malazgirt and was then absorbed into the Ottoman Empire in 1461 by Sultan Mehmet II during his conquest of the rump-Byzantine Empire of Trebizond. The areas importance as a centre of education persisted as the monasteries were converted into Islamic medrese. See also Güvenlik Tunnel References External links (follow resim, resimler or foto galeri in the Turkish websites for pictures) the municipality the district governorate local information Populated places in Giresun Province Doğankent District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C4%9Fankent
Jagna Kinga Marczułajtis-Walczak (born 15 December 1978 in Zakopane) is a Polish politician and former snowboarder who competed in parallel slalom and parallel giant slalom. Since November 2011, she has been a member of the Polish Sejm. Marczułajtis' best finishes in the World Cup in parallel slalom are two 1st places: in January 2006 in Nendaz and in January 2004 in Bad Gastein. She competed for Poland in three Olympic Games: Nagano 1998, Salt Lake City 2002 (where she placed 4th), and Turin 2006. She is also a 14-time Champion of Poland (including currently, in 2006), a one-time European Champion and a one-time European Championships Runner-up. She has won a medal at the World Championships. She is also a two-time World Junior Champion. Marczułajtis is the former wife of fellow Polish Olympian, ice dancer Sebastian Kolasiński. She was born and lives in Zakopane, Poland with her two daughters, Jagoda Olimpia (born in 2002), and Iga (born in 2008). She chaired the committee organising the Kraków bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics, but resigned from this position in April 2014. References External links Her official website 1978 births Living people Polish female snowboarders Olympic snowboarders for Poland Snowboarders at the 1998 Winter Olympics Snowboarders at the 2002 Winter Olympics Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics Sportspeople from Zakopane Members of the Polish Sejm 2011–2015 Members of the Polish Sejm 2015–2019 Members of the Polish Sejm 2019–2023 Women members of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland 21st-century Polish women politicians	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagna%20Marczu%C5%82ajtis
Espiye is a town in Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Espiye District. Its population is 26,671 (2022). Etymology "Espiye" and its earlier spelling, "Esbüyeli", are the Turkish names for the district. Espiye is thought to be formed from two parts: "Esb", a Persian word meaning "horse" and the Turkish "-yeli" and "-yelü" suffix meaning "from" or "of", or possibly the suffix "yalı", a radix or generic word meaning "shore" or "waterside". So, Esbüyeli means "the land of horses" or "stables" or, alternatively, "the stables on the waterside". History Antiquity There is very limited information about the ancient history of Espiye, but slightly more of the larger nearby town of Tirebolu. The area was part of the Roman Empire and its successors, the Byzantine Empire and the Empire of Trebizond. Copper was mined here in the 1st century AD, and Andoz Castle was later built on the west side of the modern day town, a sister castle of Tripolis (modern day Tirebolu), and Bedrama (or Bedrum) in the Harşit valley to the east of Espiye. However, the castle was too small to be the heart of a civil settlement. Measuring only 90 feet (27.43 m) by 20 feet (6.09 m), it was most likely used as a watchtower for advance warning of invading ships on the Black Sea. The Turkish era In the Ottoman Land Registry of 1515, "Esbüyeli" has been defined as "Çepni Eli" ("Chepni Province" or "Chepni's Homeland") and registered to Mustafa Bey I, son of Eshter Bey. The Chepni were a branch of the Oghuz Turks which between the 12th and 16th centuries settled in Kürtün in the mountains to the south of Espiye. The Chepni had a powerful cavalry of ten thousand horses, and therefore captured many districts on the Black Sea coast too, establishing the Anatolian beylik of Haci Emirli in Mesudiye to the west of Giresun. In 1397, Suleyman Bey, commander of the Haci Emirli Beylik in the name of the Ottoman Empire, attacked the Greek armies of Trebizond and conquered Giresun. With this victory, the Ottomans took control of the coastal zone and Suleyman Bey was named "Conqueror of Giresun" by the Chepni, in respect to their victorious leader. However, Espiye was still within the territory of the Empire of Trebizond. Sixty-four years later, in 1461, the Ottoman Emperor Fatih Sultan Mehmet moved against Trebizond in order to control the northeast end of his empire and quickly brought the Black Sea coast into the Ottoman Empire. Mehmet then gave control of the lands of Giresun, including Espiye, to the Chepnis in return for their support during the expedition. Moreover, he exempted them from paying taxes. According to the registry of 1515, Espiye was a very small village consisting of sixteen houses plus six houses in the Andoz Castle; meaning, the population of Espiye must have been 80-100, a village in the district of Tirebolu. After the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, Espiye was still a subdistrict of Tirebolu but, in 1957, it became a district in its own right. Geography The small plain between the rivers Yağlıdere and Gelevara, Espiye has typical characteristics of the eastern Black Sea region of Turkey, both in its hilly topography and its wet climate. The town of Espiye is on the Black Sea coast, from Giresun. The Samsun-Trabzon Black Sea coast highway runs through here. Behind the town the land sharply rises to the south up into the Giresun Mountains. The highest point is Akılbaba Tepesi. The countryside is very attractive in all shades of green; the higher mountainous area is mainly covered with dense forests of pines, firs, spruces, chestnuts, oaks, hornbeams, rhododendrons, beeches, and alders, while the coastal zone (up to 20–30 km inland) is densely planted with hazelnut trees and some tea. The climate is generally rainy all year round; it is cool and rainy in summer and warm and rainy in winter in the coastal zones, but snowy in the mountainous area in the south. The local cuisine includes the pizza-style pide and of course fish from the Black Sea. References External links Espiye photo gallery by Espiye Municipality Populated places in Espiye District Fishing communities in Turkey Populated coastal places in Turkey District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espiye
PC-1 (Pacific Crossing 1) is a submarine telecommunications cable system in the North Pacific Ocean linking the United States to Japan. It has landing points in: Shima, Mie Prefecture, Japan Ajigaura, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan Harbour Pointe, Snohomish County, Washington, United States Grover Beach, San Luis Obispo County, California, United States It has a design transmission capacity of 640 Gbit/s, with 180 Gbit/s lit (as of February 2006), and a total cable length of 20,890 km. It started operation in January 2001. Since 2009, PC-1 has been owned by Japanese carrier NTT. References Submarine communications cables in the Pacific Ocean Japan–United States relations Communications in Washington (state) Communications in California 2001 establishments in California 2001 establishments in Japan 2001 establishments in Oregon	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-1
Eynesil is a town in Giresun Province on the Black Sea coast of Turkey, east of the city of Giresun, towards Trabzon. It is the seat of Eynesil District. Its population is 7,083 (2022). History Antiquity The history of the area dates back to the Hittites in 1500BC, followed by the Phrygians in 1200BC. The Ancient Greeks arrived in 765 BC and in 670BC a colony of the Aegean Greek community of Miletos was founded, one of a chain of 90 trading posts along the Black Sea coast. By 520 BC Eynesil was in the territory of the Satrap of Pontus, a territory of the Persian Empire. This was succeeded by the Roman Empire and the Byzantines and in 1204 the Empire of Trebizond, a rump-Byzantine state that lasted until it was overthrown by Sultan Mehmet II of the Ottoman Empire in 1461. During the medieval period one of the most important guardians of the coastal road connecting Trabzon to Samsun was the large Byzantine garrison fort located about 3 kilometers east of modern town of Eynesil. An archaeological and historical assessment of this site as well as a scaled plan were published in 1985. The impressive circuit walls and defenses create two separate baileys with the remains of numerous rooms. The site briefly served as a Russian military depot and lighthouse (1877–78) during the Russo-Turkish War. Today it has become a popular tourist attraction. The Turkish era In December 1461 Eynesil became part of the Ottoman Empire, and the first Turkish people to move into the area were the Chepni, followers of Haji Bektash Veli and therefore responsible for the strength of the Alevi community in Eynesil. References External links Note: follow resimler in Turkish language websites for photographs of the area: Eynesilin Vizyonu local information Photographic survey and plan of Eynesil Castle Populated places in Eynesil District Populated coastal places in Turkey District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eynesil
Görele is a town in Giresun Province on the Black Sea coast of eastern Turkey. It is the seat of Görele District. Its population is 18,725 (2022). Geography Görele is a large town on the Black Sea coast. The Black Sea coast highway from Giresun to Trabzon runs through here and Görele is about halfway between the two cities, 70 km from each. There is no real port at Görele so goods and people all come though this coast road, but there is a small fishing fleet. The main industry is hazelnut processing, and in August the whole area is busy with people harvesting hazelnuts and bringing them into town. Görele has its own kemençe style and tradition. Famous Görelean kemençe players include Halil Ağa, Picoğlu Osman and Katip Şadi. History The name is derived from the ancient city of Coralla, though that Pontic settlement was probably sited nearer to today's Eynesil. Much later there was a Genoese trading post here and the ruins of their castle is 20 km east of the town of Görele today. Chepni Turks arrived in Görele from Khorasan in the early years of the 13/14th century. As the castle of Kordyle, this was one of the last Christian outposts to fall to Sultan Mehmet II after he conquered the Empire of Trebizond in 1461. According to Pontic ballads, it was defended against the Sultan's soldier by a peasant girl until she took her life by throwing herself from a window. According to William Miller, the window could still be seen up until the Crimean War. From 1878 to 1922, it was a part of Ottoman Trebizond Vilayet. During the republican era, it became a part of newly founded Giresun province. Görele, like the rest of this coast was occupied by Russian troops for two years during the First World War. Prominent natives/residents Katip Şadi, kemenche player Tuzcuoğlu Mehmet Ali, kemenche player Picoğlu Osman (1901-1946) famous kemençe player Hasan Ali Yücel poet and politician, former minister of education, and his son the poet Can Yücel Hamit Görele, artist and thinker Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu artist and poet Fatih Kırtorun, poet Salim PATAN, poet, writer and teacher Kemal Yayla, Police Commissioner Kemal Gürses, conductor and composer See also Mount Sis Picoğlu Osman Kemenche Katip Şadi References External links Gorele Municipality Gorele News Official Page GoreleGenclik Official Page Gorele News Official Page Radyo Gorele Official Page Gorelespor Official Page Gorele School Official Page Gorele Ekspres Official Page Giresun page on Görele Populated places in Görele District Black Sea port cities and towns in Turkey Fishing communities in Turkey Populated coastal places in Turkey District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6rele
Güce is a town in Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Güce District. Its population is 3,978 (2022). Güce is a small town providing basic amenities to the surrounding district. Güce is 55 km from the city of Giresun and 14 km inland from the Black Sea along a narrow winding road. References Populated places in Giresun Province Güce District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCce
Keşap is a town in Giresun Province on the Black Sea coast of Turkey just to the east of the city of Giresun. It is the seat of Keşap District. Its population is 9,227 (2022). The TV sitcom Uy! Başuma Gelenler was filmed in a village in Keşap. History See Giresun for the long history of this area, dating back to the Persians and the Seleucids. References External links Kesap (Kassiope) Populated places in Giresun Province Fishing communities in Turkey Populated coastal places in Turkey Keşap District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fap
Piraziz is a town in Giresun Province on the Black Sea coast of Turkey. It is the seat of Piraziz District. Its population is 8,400 (2022). Piraziz was part of the neighbouring Bulancak district until 1987, when the Piraziz District was established. Etymology In the Ottoman Empire period, the town was named Piridede-Abdal. Economy The local economy depends on growing hazelnuts and fishing in the Black Sea. Due to the poor economic conditions of the region, many people have migrated away to find better paying jobs in other parts of Turkey. References External links Municipality photographs of Piraziz Populated places in Giresun Province Fishing communities in Turkey Populated coastal places in Turkey Piraziz District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraziz
Tirebolu (from the Greek word "Τρίπολις" meaning "three cities", named as such by its ancient Greek founders), is a town in Giresun Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Tirebolu District. Its population is 20,671 (2022). Geography Tirebolu is located on a hill named Ayana, which rises from the Black Sea shore just to the west of the Harşit River estuary. Tirebolu has a small harbour and a fishing fleet, but the mainstay of the local economy is growing hazelnuts. History In his Anabasis, the ancient Greek historian Xenophon (431–360 BC) wrote that Colchians, Drilae, Habibs, and Tiberians had been living in the eastern parts of the Black Sea region during the centuries (BC). The Naturalis Historia of Pliny the Elder recounts that the ancient fortress city of Tripolis was founded (656 BC) as a trading colony of the Ancient Greek city-state of Miletos, one of nearly 90 along the Black Sea coast. Tripoli was next part of the Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, one of the three cities that give the town its name, the others being Andoz (today's Espiye) and Bedrama (or Bedrum) in the Harşit valley. When Alexios Komnenos (later Emperor Alexios I of Trebizond) and his brother David founded the Empire of Trebizond in April 1204, about the time the Fourth Crusade captured and sacked Constantinople, Tripoli became part of this empire. As late as 1404, it was part of the direct territory of the Emperor of Trebizond. Turkish era During the Trapezuntine period (13th century), the Chepni people settled Tirebolu. The ancient city's name was Turkified into the present name of Tirebolu. In 1916 the coast was occupied by Russian troops for two years during the First World War, being restored to Turkish control in 1917. References External links the municipality photos of Tirebolu and more Pictures from the castle Old photo collection Populated places in Giresun Province 656 BC Milesian Pontic colonies Black Sea port cities and towns in Turkey Fishing communities in Turkey Populated coastal places in Turkey Tirebolu District District municipalities in Turkey Greek colonies on the Black Sea coast 7th-century BC establishments	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirebolu
Yağlıdere is a town in Giresun Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Yağlıdere District. Its population is 7,042 (2022). It is in the valley of the Yağlıdere stream, which gives the town its name. The small town of Yağlıdere was founded in 1811 with a marketplace and large mosque. Etymology Yağlıdere means "fat stream". There are two hypotheses regarding the origin of the name. One says that in Cakrak village, an ancient Greek town, people use stone tubes from high parts of village to transport milk to the riverside, or town center, making the river seem fat. Others say that the river is cursed by Saint Hacı Abdullah Halife, who says "be fat, river, and take one person's life every year." The town's original name was "Camiyanı" ("next to the mosque"). History Yağlıdere has historically belonged to the Colchis Kingdom, Pontus Kingdom, Roman Empire, Trabzon Greek Empire, and Ottoman Empire. Colchis was a wealthy kingdom, rich with mineral deposits. The Colchis used gold and mined other materials. The region also was rich with fruits and wild vegetables. After the Colchis Kingdom's reign and before the Roman Empire expanded, the king Mithridates VI of Pontus ran away to Sinoria and built 75 strongholds in this area. The Roman Empire, under Justinian I, built many bridges, churches, and monasteries in the region. Tourism Known as a fertile and rainy land, Yağlıdere is one of the most important Turkish eco-tourism centers in the 21st century. Several native crops offer local organic cuisine, and the village is known for having healthy inhabitants as a result of the food. Common tourist activities include a visit to the tomb of Sarı Halife in Tekkeköy, resting in Ayvat in Sinirköy (Sinoria) for a glass of tea, or sampling the local meat. Other attractions include Golyani (meaning "nearby lake"), a high plateau with impressive views; the old churches in Cakrak; swimming in the stream during the summertime; and Akilbaba Hill (2.800 m), which offers views of the mountains on sunny days. The terrain includes both beaches and forests, featuring oak, alder, pine, and hazelnut trees. In July, there are summer festivals in Bulari, Kazikbeli and Kümbet. Most parts of the region have comfortable tourist accommodations, with the exception of some of the more remote mountain villages. When staying for more than a few weeks, it is traditional to give the locals a gift of fruits and vegetables. Cuisine The highlands produce dairy products, including several cheeses. "Tecen peyniri" is made with herbs and spices, typically consumed with breakfast. Another very dry cheese is used to make muhlama (kuymak, havits) or cheese fondue. The most well-known vegetable in the region is dark cabbage. The cabbage is used in a variety of dishes, including "kara lahana dolmasi" and "dible", a variation on the standard Turkish dolma. Some consider Black Sea food the best in Turkey, particularly the fruit such as cherries and apricots. Weather The coastal regions have much milder winters and snow is rare. The Black Sea coast is a little colder in winter than the west and south coasts. The Black Sea coast has some rain year round and east of Samsun the rain is heavy in the summer and autumn. Summers are warm and humid and the weather is often cloudy and temperamental. The interior plateau is typically dry and has cold or very cold winters. The eastern plateau is as cold in winter as parts of the Russian Federation. Snowfall is common in the winter and in the east a ground covering of snow for three and four months is common. Except at the higher elevations, summers in the interior are warm or hot with occasional thunderstorms. Immigration to the United States there are 15,000 immigrants to the US from Yağlıdere. Most immigrants live on the East Coast, including New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Delaware. In 1960s most emigrated for work, and later for both work and education. In November 2017, U.S-born Hacıbey Çatalbaşoğlu, whose parents hail from Yağlıdere, became the youngest politician in U.S. history after his election to the municipal council in New Haven, Connecticut. References External links Yağlıdere Belediyesi local information and more Populated places in Yağlıdere District District municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C4%9Fl%C4%B1dere
Staincross was a Wapentake (Hundred), which is an administrative division (or ancient district), in the historic county of the West Riding of Yorkshire. It consisted of seven parishes, and included the towns of Barnsley and Penistone History Staincross was named after the village of Staincross and also included the parishes of Cawthorne, Darton, Felkirk, Hemsworth, High Hoyland, Penistone, Royston, Silkstone (including Barnsley) and Tankersley and parts of Darfield. Of the nine wapentakes in the West Riding of Yorkshire, Staincross typically had the lowest population density, which was recorded in 1867 as 27,089. The original meeting place of the wapentake is believed to have been in, or near, to the village of Staincross, similar to the wapentakes at Ewcross and Osgoldcross. The name derives from the Old Norse of stein-kross, literally, stone cross. Originally located in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the majority of area within Staincross Wapentake is now within South Yorkshire, with Hemsworth and surrounding villages today a part of the Wakefield Metropolitan District, within West Yorkshire. The original boundaries nestled against the wapentakes of Agbrigg to the north, Osgoldcross to the east and Strafforth to the south and south east. On the western edge, the wapentake bordered the Hamestan Hundred of Cheshire. It was estimated to have covered an area of , although, according to Domesday records, a smaller portion, geographically removed from the rest of the wapentake, was located at the village of Adlingfleet where the rivers Ouse and Trent converge. Although some distance from the village of Staincross, the Church of All Saints, Silkstone, was sometimes known as the "Mother Church" of the Staincross Wapentake. Notes References Wapentakes of the West Riding of Yorkshire	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staincross%20Wapentake
John Sjogren may refer to: John C. Sjogren, Medal of Honor recipient John M. Sjogren, American film director	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Sjogren
A swing-piston engine is a type of internal combustion engine in which the pistons move in a circular motion inside a ring-shaped "cylinder", moving closer and further from each other to provide compression and expansion. Generally two sets of pistons are used, geared to move in a fixed relationship as they rotate around the cylinder. In some versions the pistons oscillate around a fixed center, as opposed to rotating around the entire engine. The design has also been referred to as a oscillating piston engine, vibratory engine when the pistons oscillate instead of rotate, or toroidal engine based on the shape of the "cylinder". Many swing-piston engines have been proposed, but none have been successful. Two attempts in about 2010 are the prototype American-made MYT engine and prototype Russian ORE for use in the Yo-Mobile hybrid car. Both claimed high fuel efficiency and high power-to-weight ratio, but there have been no successful demonstrations of claimed efficiency or that the engines are durable enough for practical use. Steam engines Swing-piston engines were initially introduced during the 1820s as alternate steam engine designs, prior to the widespread introduction of the steam turbine. In these examples the "piston" is typically not cylindrical as in a modern internal combustion design, and is generally rectangular in cross-section as seen from the top, rotating in a flat disk "cylinder". From the side they are either flat plates or pie-wedge shaped. The term "swing-piston" is not entirely accurate in these cases, but the operating cycle is identical and is properly considered here. The first known example was introduced by Elijah Galloway in 1829 for ship propulsion. It featured a single vane rotating through 270 degrees. It appears this version was never built, although a model still exists in the Science Museum. Galloway also designed a wide variety of pure rotary engines using vanes as well. A more serious attempt was the "Cambrian System" of John Jones in 1841. This design used two or three flat plates that were geared to move closer or further apart as the cycle continued. When the plates were at their closest point, steam was admitted between them using a valve, pushing them apart as the cycle continued. When the plates reached their maximum distance, an internal passage was uncovered that allowed the partially expanded steam to flow across the center of the device into the area on the other side of the vanes, which were now at their minimum distance. In this fashion the design was effectively a compound engine. Many variations followed, and a number of these saw limited use in the field. Notable among them was John Ericsson's design of 1843, which powered the USS Princeton, the United States' first screw-powered steamship. Charles Parsons examined the concept and appears to have produced two swing-piston engine designs before moving on to the steam turbine. The Roots brothers designed a swing-piston engine of a unique type, although they are better known for their supercharger design. Internal combustion It is unclear whether or not any internal combustion swing-piston engine has ever reached production, but the closest attempt appears to be the German World War II-era design by . His design had six pistons in total, three each attached to two disks. The disks were geared to each other to form six chambers between the pistons, such that at any one time one set of three chambers were "close together" while the other set of three was "wide apart", varying between those two extremes as the disks rotated. The timing was arranged such that the chambers reached their "close together" point over the spark plug, and their "wide apart" point over the intake and exhaust ports. This action is similar to the Wankel engine, the primary difference being that the Wankel creates compression and expansion via the shape of the engine and rotor, rather than the relative motion of the pistons. Lutz's engine was being designed as an experimental gas generator for a new type of aircraft engine, one that replaced a traditional centrifugal or axial compressor with his swing-piston design. Ultimately the exhaust would be used to drive a turbine, that power being used to drive a propeller to produce a turboprop. For this role the exhaust gas was too hot to be used directly in a turbine, given the materials available at the time, so the engine had a second "exhaust port" that vented cold pressurized air, which was then mixed into the hot exhaust. For direct power use, as opposed to driving a turbine, this "third area" of the engine could simply be left open to the air to avoid losing power by unnecessary compression. The initial test engines had some minor problems, notably with sealing, but these were worked through and the engines were under test during 1944. One particularly good feature of swing-piston engines is that they can be bolted back to back along a common crank shaft to make a larger engine, and with each additional stage the running becomes smoother and the only part that needs to be made larger is the crankshaft. A similar arrangement with a radial engine is generally more difficult to arrange, especially cooling, and ones with inline engine arrangements soon become so long that keeping the crankshaft from vibrating becomes a serious problem (see Chrysler IV-2220 for example). Each "cylinder" from Lutz's design was 0.70 m in diameter and only about 30 cm in depth, providing 445 hp from 140 kg, an excellent power-to-weight ratio compared even to jet engines of the era. A five-block version was proposed for his turboprop concept, providing 3,450 hp from an engine about 2 m long. While the power-to-weight ratio was good, the density of the engine was simply superb. The overall turboprop looked much more like a jet engine than a piston one. The swing-piston gas generator was located in the middle of a long nacelle, with a five-stage axial compressor in front and a three-stage turbine behind. The compressor was used both to act as a supercharger for the piston engine, as well as provide cold air to cool the turbine. The actual power to the propeller, combining both the pistons and the turbines, was 4,930 hp at 10,000 m altitude, far greater than any German wartime project. Why all this complexity to produce a new version of an engine, the turboprop, whose primary advantage was simplicity? The main problem with conventional jet engines is that the combustion takes place in an open chamber, which is considerably less efficient than the closed chamber of a piston engine, where it has constant volume (or close to it). The Otto cycle or Diesel cycle used in piston engines has a much lower specific fuel consumption than the Brayton cycle of a traditional gas turbine engines at low speed. Lutz's design was intended to power very long-range bombers and patrol aircraft, where fuel economy was more important than simplicity and performance. Lutz later patented the design under "Rotary compressor and other engines", United States patent 2,301,667. Other examples Lutz's design is not the only way to produce such an engine: BMW experimented with a traditional engine with poppet valves on the combustion chambers, which had been used a number of times previously in experiments. Another approach entirely is to recover some of the heat of the exhaust in a heat exchanger and use that instead of fuel to heat the compressed air, a concept used by General Motors in a series of automobile turbines. Generally, however, improvements in the basic piston engine in "low-power" roles have kept any of these advanced designs out of the marketplace. In the 1990s, a number of inventors re-introduced the concept as if it were new. Examples include Angel Labs' "Massive Yet Tiny" engine, the Rotoblock, the Roundengine, the Trochilic Engine and designs by Tschudi and Hoose. In 2009, Russian billionaire industrialist Mikhail Prokhorov announced his plans to enter an automotive business with a series of a lightweight hybrid vehicles using this design as their prime mover. Another recent introduction aimed at the hybrid market is the "Hüttlin Kugelmotor", which combines the swing-piston concept with a modified swashplate to produce a spherical design that directly powers an internal electrical generator. Other names The Tschudi engine is also known as a "cat-and-mouse engine" or a "scissor engine". See also Free-piston engine Opposed piston engine Oscillating cylinder steam engine References Notes Bibliography External links Youtube.com Toroidal engine from Franky Devaere Piston engine configurations Proposed engines	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing-piston%20engine
ECPP may refer to: Elliptic curve primality proving Environmental Crime Prevention Program	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECPP
The Farris Center is a 6,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Conway, Arkansas. It was built in 1972. It is home to the University of Central Arkansas Bears basketball program. Renovations to the Farris Center in 2010 included new scoreboards and renovated court including logos. New floor seating was added in 2012. See also List of NCAA Division I basketball arenas References Indoor arenas in Arkansas Sports venues in Arkansas Central Arkansas Bears and Sugar Bears basketball Buildings and structures in Conway, Arkansas	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farris%20Center
The mylohyoid line is a bony ridge on the internal surface of the mandible. It runs posterosuperiorly. It is the site of origin of the mylohyoid muscle, the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, and the pterygomandibular raphe. Structure The mylohyoid line is a bony ridge on the internal surface of the body of the mandible. The mylohyoid line extends posterosuperiorly. The mylohyoid line continues as the mylohyoid groove on the internal surface of the ramus. The mylohyoid muscle originates from the anterior (front) part of the mylohyoid line. Rarely, the mylohyoid muscle may originate partially from other surfaces of the mandible. The posterior (back) part of this line, near the alveolar margin, gives attachment to a small part of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, and to the pterygomandibular raphe. Function The mylohyoid line is the site of attachment of many muscles, including the mylohyoid muscle, and the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. It is also the site of attachment of the pterygomandibular raphe. Additional images References External links - "Anterior Triangle of the Neck: Bones" Bones of the head and neck	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mylohyoid%20line
The William George Agency for Children's Services (formerly the George Junior Republic) is a non-profit residential treatment center for adolescent boys and girls in Freeville, New York, United States. History William Reuben George founded a junior republic whose economic, civic, and social conditions reproduced those of the United States, and whose citizenship is vested in young people, especially those who were neglected or wayward. George (born 1866) was a native of West Dryden, near Freeville, who was a businessman in New York City who became interested in the urchins of the street and their gangs. He began to organize them into more productive groups who helped the police. He longed to give these "toughs" some of the summer fresh air and fun that he had experienced as a child on the family farm. In the summer of 1890, he took 22 children to Freeville with funds received from the New York Tribune, the sponsors of The Fresh Air Fund charity. Each summer from then until 1895 the number of children increased. Over these early years, he slowly developed his idea of "nothing without labor" and of a Junior Republic with laws made by young "citizens" and an economic system controlled by youngsters. In 1895, George and five volunteers stayed through the winter in Freeville and thus a permanent colony was founded. There were Woman's Aid societies in New York City, Ithaca, Syracuse, Buffalo, Boston, and elsewhere to promote the work of the Republic. A republic for younger boys was established in Litchfield, Connecticut. A National Junior Republic near Annapolis Junction, Maryland, and a Carter Junior Republic at Readington, near Easton, Pennsylvania, are modelled on the George Junior Republic. New states were established between 1908 and 1910 at Chino, California, Grove City, Pennsylvania, and Flemington Junction, New Jersey. In February 1908, the National Association of Junior Republics was formed with George as its founder and director, its aims being to establish at least one republic in each state of the Union. Similar institutions for youth and miniature governments could also be established in other countries, modelled on the country in which each state is established. The Association also hoped to establish colonies for younger children, to be sent to the Junior Republic at age 15. Over the years of William George's leadership, he was supported and the Junior Republic was visited by many prominent people who were interested in learning from his experiment. These included Lord Baden Powell, Eleanor and Franklin Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, Thomas Mott Osborne, Alexander Forbes, Monsignor John Patrick Carroll-Abbing, and Jacob Riis. Many of the early citizens of the Junior Republic went on to important careers and accomplishments. These included a supreme court justice, a Pulitzer Prize winner, an Academy Award recipient, a California state legislator, a French Croix de Guerre honoree, a missionary to China, and many who gave their lives in World War I and World War II. Current activity In 2005 the George Junior Republic changed its name to The William George Agency for Children’s Services, Inc. Today’s residential programs preserve the Junior Republic’s ideals of general fitness, social development and well-roundedness, in which responsibility is treated more as an opportunity than a burden – while providing more focused clinical oversight and treatment, and a strong educational emphasis. Expansion in the service of providing additional treatment opportunities to children in need has been an agency priority since the early 1990s. The agency's Board of Directors in concert with the senior leadership team have, for the last 20 years, made a concerted effort to serve high risk, high need populations who have historically been underserved in New York State. This expansion has taken the form of nine newly constructed, state of the art, residential homes, and many new and innovative programs. In August, 1996 when Barber Cottage opened, the George Junior Republic became the first private residential treatment center in New York State to be licensed to provide sex offender specific treatment to adolescent males who have engaged in sexually abusive behavior. There are currently 20 such beds and the agency is recognized as a leader in the field of adolescent S.O. treatment. In July 2000, the Republic became one of only three private residential agencies in the state to open an OASAS licensed outpatient chemical dependency treatment clinic serving the needs of the residential population. It has been long recognized that the rate of diagnosable alcohol and/or substance abuse among adolescents entering residential treatment is at least 60%, and for many youngsters, it represents a primary treatment issue. The OASAS clinic currently serves up to 100 residents at any given time, and has consistently received superior performance reviews during OASAS program audits. The fall of 2005 marked the opening of a dually diagnosed program for youngsters with both intellectual disabilities and serious emotional, psychiatric disturbance. Previously, many of these youngsters were mixed in with youngsters with normal cognitive functioning, and were often exploited or isolated. The dually diagnosed program offers many specialized services and supports designed to improve their adaptive daily living skills, as well as their capacity to function independently. Currently there are 27 dually diagnosed beds. In November, 2011 and May, 2014 Seidell & Ed George Cottages opened as Integrated Residential Substance Abuse Programs for adolescents who are dually diagnosed with alcohol and/or substance dependence and a co-occurring mental health disorder. Most of the young men and women served in these programs have a history of failed inpatient treatment experiences in short-term rehabilitation programs as a result of their pattern of acting out behavior. The structure of the residential program is designed to offer these youngsters a safe, stable, and predictable living environment which will support and encourage their investment in treatment while an OASAS licensed clinic provides intensive chemical dependency services. Since the program’s inception on November 1, 2011 through the present date, the utilization rate for this program has been 94%. Finally, in December, 2011, the girl’s program opened at Lodge Cottage. The agency had not served adolescent females in almost twenty years. In response to overwhelming and persistent consumer demand, the agency made the decision to serve girls with a history of trauma and abuse. In the nearly three years of operation, the program has been highly utilized and continues to be in great demand. During the twenty-year period between 1994 and 2014, the agency has grown fourfold from approximately 45 beds to the present licensed capacity of 189 beds as part of their on-going commitment to serve at-risk youth in New York State. Further reading Jack M. Holl, Juvenile Reform in the Progressive Era. See also Residential Treatment Center Social Services William Cameron Forbes Thomas Mott Osborne References External links The William George Agency for Children's Services "The Junior Republic; Its History and Ideals" by William R. George Discussion of the founding of the original George Junior Republic in New York by founder. Has some interesting insights into what life was like at the institution between its founding circa 1895 and 1908. "THE YOUNG MALEFACTOR; A STUDY IN JUVENILE DELINQUENCY ITS CAUSES AND TREATMENT" BY THOMAS TRAVIS, PH.D. 1907 Thesis which also studies the original George Junior Republic in New York The William George Agency for Children's Services, Inc. The Equine Program at The William George Agency for Children's Services, Inc. Cornell University's Regional Archives Cultural history of the United States Tompkins County, New York Children's charities based in the United States 1895 establishments in New York (state) Charities based in New York (state)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Junior%20Republic
This is a partial list of artificial objects left on extraterrestrial surfaces. Artificial objects on Venus Artificial objects on the Moon Artificial objects on Mars Artificial objects on other extraterrestrial bodies Estimated total masses of objects Gallery See also Sample return mission and Moon rock List of archaeological sites beyond national boundaries List of artificial objects leaving the Solar System List of landings on extraterrestrial bodies Deliberate crash landings on extraterrestrial bodies References Spaceflight Space lists Extra-terrestrial	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20artificial%20objects%20on%20extraterrestrial%20surfaces
Cool for August was a rock band consisting of notable Canadian singer-songwriter Shad Hills on guitar, Andrew Shives on bass, Gordon Vaughn on vocals, Trevor Kustiak on guitar, and Shane Hills on drums who was then replaced by Larry Voss in the spring of 2000. They made their television debut on Late Night with Conan O'Brien with their hit song "Trials". While it was not their highest-charting single, "Walk Away" was considered their most accessible song and received its own single in stores. The band resurfaced a few years later in 2001 (after long speculation that the band had broken up) with an online single "Say it isn't So". The band added bandmate Chris Harris, guitar and violin, and completed a demo of six songs (produced by Jeff Tomei and Joey Huffman), about half of an anticipated upcoming album. However, with no more support from Warner Brothers or any other major labels, the band called it quits. With the disbanding of Cool for August in 2001, Gordon stepped back from the mainstream music scene. He is currently a freelance producer and artist. In 2003 he wrote, produced, and took lead vocals on the song, "Broken Hearts, Broken Lands" for the independent songwriting/producing firm Egg's Productions. He also produced a rap song, "Lucky Charm" for the same company. Trevor Kustiak formed The Pocket Studios with Mike Turner (Our Lady Peace, Fair Ground, Crash Carma) and produced albums for Evans Blue and Rains. In 2001 Drummer Shane Hills legally changed his name to Moon Hills. He has recorded over 100 records for international acts all over the world. Moon was involved with Blacklist Union in 2006 through 2010 recording and touring on their breakthrough album After The Mourning as well as the follow-up Breakin Bread With The Devil. Larry Voss left the music industry and is now the founder and president of Universal Servo group. Cool for August reunited in summer of 2011. The band started recording their second album, but decided to part ways again without releasing any new material. Discography Albums Singles References Footnotes General references Rock music groups from Georgia (U.S. state) Musical groups established in 1993 Musical groups disestablished in 2001 Musical groups reestablished in 2011 1993 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state) 2001 disestablishments in Georgia (U.S. state)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool%20for%20August
Charles Frédéric Dubois (28 May 1804 – 12 November 1867) was a Belgian naturalist. He was the author of Planches colorées des oiseaux de l’Europe ("Color plates of the birds of Europe") and Catalogue systématique des Lépidoptères de la Belgique ("Systematic catalog of the Lepidoptera of Belgium"), which was completed by his son, Alphonse Joseph Charles Dubois (1839–1921), after his death. The following quote has been widely attributed to Charles Dubois, as on the Favorite Quotes blog: "The important thing is this: to be able at any moment to sacrifice what we are for what we could become." However, its correct attribution appears to be to Charles Du Bos (1882-1939), the French critic of French and English literature. The quote comes from his book Approximations (1922): "...premier tressaillement vital; surtout il s'agit à tout moment de sacrifier ce que nous sommes à ce que nous pouvons devenir." Dubois is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of venomous sea snake, Aipysurus duboisii. References Further reading Boubier, Maurice (1925). L’Évolution de l’ornithologie. (part of the series "Nouvelle collection scientifique "). Paris: Librairie Félix Alcan. ii + 308 pp. External links Favorite Quotes discussion attributing quote's authorship http://thinkexist.com/quotation/the_important_thing_is_this-to_be_able-at_any/216781.html http://www.quotes.net/authors/Charles+Du+Bos 1804 births 1867 deaths Belgian naturalists Belgian entomologists Belgian lepidopterists 19th-century Belgian scientists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric%20Dubois
Fadwa Tuqan (, also transliterated as Fadwa Tuqan, , ; 1917 – 12 December 2003), was a Palestinian poet known for her representations of resistance to Israeli occupation in contemporary Arab poetry. Sometimes, she is referred to as the "Poet of Palestine". Overview Born in Nablus to the wealthy Palestinian Tuqan family known for their accomplishments in many fields, she received schooling until age 13 when she was forced to quit school at a young age due to illness. One of her brothers, Ibrahim Tuqan, known as the Poet of Palestine, took responsibility of educating her, gave her books to read and taught her English. He was also the one who introduced her to poetry. Tuqan eventually attended Oxford University, where she studied English and literature. Fadwa Tuqan's eldest brother is Ahmad Toukan, former prime minister of Jordan. Tuqan's poetry is known for her distinctive chronicling of the suffering of her people, the Palestinian, particularly those living under Israeli occupation. She contributed a Bahraini progressive journal, Sawt al-Bahrain, in the early 1950s. Tuqan eventually published eight poetry collections, which were translated into many languages and enjoy renown throughout the Arab World. Her book, Alone With the Days, focused on the hardships faced by women in the male-dominated Arab world. After the Six-Day War, Tuqan's poetry focused on the hardships of living under the Israeli occupation. One of her best known poems, "The Night and the Horsemen," described life under Israeli military rule. Tuqan died on 12 December 2003 during the height of the Al-Aqsa Intifada, while her hometown of Nablus was under siege. The poem Wahsha: Moustalhama min Qanoon al Jathibiya (Longing: Inspired by the Law of Gravity) was one of the last poems she penned while largely bedridden. Tuqan is widely considered a symbol of the Palestinian cause and "one of the most distinguished figures of modern Arabic literature." Her poetry is set by Mohammed Fairouz in his Third Symphony. Bibliography My Brother Ibrahim (1946) Alone With The Days (1952) I Found It (1957) Give Us Love (1960) In Front Of A Closed Door (1967) The Night And the Horsemen (1969) Alone On the Summit Of The World (1973) July And The Other Thing (1989) The Last Melody (2000) Longing Inspired by the Law of Gravity (2003) Tuqan, Fadwa: An autobiography: A Mountainous Journey, Graywolf Press, Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A (1990), , with part two published in 1993 References External links Samar Attar. (Summer 2003). A discovery voyage of self and other: Fadwa Tuqan's sojourn in England in the early sixties, Arab Studies Quarterly. Lawrence Joffe. (15 December 2003). Obituary. The Guardian. 20th-century Palestinian poets 20th-century Palestinian women writers 21st-century Palestinian poets 21st-century Palestinian women writers 1917 births 2003 deaths Arab people in Mandatory Palestine Palestinian women poets Fadwa	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fadwa%20Tuqan
Middle Island may refer to: Australia Middle Island (South Australia), South Australia Middle Island (Warrnambool), south-western Victoria Western Australia: Middle Island (Lacepede Islands) Middle Island (King Sound) Middle Island (Barrow Island) Middle Island (Houtman Abrolhos) Middle Island (Western Australia) Canada Middle Island (Lake Erie), in Ontario, the southernmost point of land in Canada, part of Point Pelee National Park New Zealand Ātiu or Middle Island, New Zealand, formerly known as Middle Island Middle Island, archaic 19th century name for New Zealand's South Island United States Middle Island (West Virginia), on the Ohio River Middle Island, New York, settlement on Long Island Middle Island (Lake Huron), Michigan island in Lake Huron Elsewhere Middle Island, Falkland Islands Middle Island, Hong Kong, off Repulse Bay on southern Hong Kong Island Middle Island, Tristan da Cunha, small British island in the South Atlantic Ocean Passport Island, artificial island located on the Bahrain–Saudi Arabia border also called Middle Island See also Middle Brother (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle%20Island
A want, is something that is desired. Want or The Want may also refer to: Arts, entertainment and media Music Want (3OH!3 album), 2008 Want (Rufus Wainwright album), 2005 Want (EP), by Lee Tae-min, 2019 "Want" (Natalie Imbruglia song), 2009 "Want!" (Berryz Kobo song), 2012 "Want", a song by Disturbed from the 2000 album The Sickness "Want", a song by The Cure from the 1996 album Wild Mood Swings "Want", a song by Hunter Brothers from the 2019 album State of Mind The Want (DC band), a rock band The Want (New Jersey band), a stoner/blues rock band Other uses in arts, entertainment and media The Want (short film), by Stephen Saux and Lori Murphy Saux, 2019 Want, a character in Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol WANT, an FM radio station in Lebanon, Tennessee, U.S. "Want", an episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent (season 4) Other uses Becky Want (born 1961), an English radio presenter Richard Want (fl. 1692–1696), a pirate active in the Indian Ocean Incentive salience, a cognitive process that confers a "desire" or "want" attribute See also Desire (disambiguation) Wanted (disambiguation) Wanting (disambiguation) Want Want, a Chinese food manufacturer	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Want%20%28disambiguation%29
The Edgley EA-7 Optica is a British light aircraft designed for low-speed observation work, and intended as a low-cost alternative to helicopters. The Optica has a loiter speed of 130 km/h (70 kn; 81 mph) and a stall speed of 108 km/h (58 kn; 67 mph). Design and development The Optica project began in 1974 with a company, Edgley Aircraft Limited, formed by John Edgley who, with a small team, designed and built the original prototype. In 1982, institutional investors bought into the project and set up a production line at Old Sarum Airfield in Wiltshire. Over the next three years, the company was built up to full manufacturing capability, the aircraft received UK certification, and the first customer aircraft was delivered. Despite this success, the additional investment necessary for the final phase of full production was not forthcoming, the business went into receivership, and John Edgley was forced out. With new owners, aircraft on the production line were completed, and the Optica entered service. The aircraft has an unusual configuration with a fully glazed forward cabin, reminiscent of an Alouette helicopter, that provides 270° panoramic vision and almost vertical downward vision for the pilot and two passengers. The aircraft has twin booms with twin rudders and a high-mounted tailplane. It is powered by a Lycoming flat-six normally-aspirated engine situated behind the cabin and driving a fixed pitch ducted fan. Due to the ducted fan, the aircraft is exceptionally quiet. The aircraft has a fixed tricycle undercarriage with the nosewheel offset to the left. The wings are unswept and untapered. The aircraft is of fairly standard all-metal construction, with a stressed skin of aluminium. The aircraft's distinctive appearance has led to it being known as the "bug-eye" in some popular reports. Operational history The Optica, powered by a 160 hp (119 kW) Lycoming IO-320 engine, made its maiden flight on 14 December 1979 when it was flown by Squadron Leader Angus McVitie, the chief pilot of the Cranfield College of Aeronautics. The Optica, upgraded to the more powerful Lycoming IO-540, entered production in 1983. Edgley Aircraft Limited obtained its initial Civil Aviation Authority certification on 8 February 1985. A total of 22 Opticas were built, while construction of a 23rd began but was not completed. Ten aircraft were destroyed in an arson attack at the factory. The Optica went through several changes of ownership, until FLS Aerospace (Lovaux Ltd) took over the rights, together with the design and manufacturing rights to the Sprint: a two-seat ab-initio trainer that had been designed by Sydney Holloway in Cornwall UK at about the same time as the Optica. Lovaux had intended to develop both aircraft, with the Sprint intended as the military trainer for the UK forces. However, the Sprint was not adopted for this role, and Lovaux cancelled both projects. The Optica and the Sprint together then passed through other owners until, in 2007, they were offered to John Edgley who formed a new company, AeroElvira Limited, with three former employees of Edgley Aircraft (Chris Burleigh, Fin Colson and Dave Lee) who at that time were working on both projects for the then-owners. The new company successfully put G-BOPO back into service as a UK demonstrator, with a first return-to-service flight on 3 June 2008. In August 2016 Interflight Global (IFG) announced plans to start a valuation of the dormant Optica programme with a view to relaunching production. In December 2016, IFG completed its valuation and in June 2017, delivered an LOI to AeroElvira to continue with due diligence, appraisal and further steps to re launch the EA-7 Optica aircraft programme in the 2018–19 timeframe. IFG planned to develop, market and support the Optica, outsourcing the fabrication and final assembly to an FAA/EASA Part 23 certified OEM. At the end of 2018, IFG modified its initial program re-launch efforts whilst, again, identifying and selecting a suitable OEM strategic partner to update the Optica TC and to bring the aircraft into production. As of the end of 2019, IFG continues to seek for a strategic OEM partner to re-launch the program aligned with optionally piloted and powered by electric or hybrid electric powerplants. As of 2022, IFG, in a post COVID 19 Pandemic re assessment of intent, remains active in the search for strategic partners to assist in the re launch the aircraft programme. Accidents and incidents On 15 May 1985, Optica G-KATY crashed, killing its Hampshire Constabulary pilot and his photographer passenger. The UK Department of Transport Air Accidents Investigation Branch found, inter alia, that: "There was no indication that either structural or mechanical failure had occurred or of flying control malfunction or jamming." and that "The final loss of control was caused by either the aircraft stalling in a turn at a high angle of bank, or the nose dropping." On 11 March 1990, G-BMPL, while in flight, sustained damage to the ducted fan and hub assembly and minor airframe damage. The pilot performed a successful forced approach landing: there were no injuries and no further damage to the aircraft. A subsequent investigation discovered cracks resulting from metal fatigue on the fan hub. The manufacturer issued a service bulletin calling for a hub inspection before further flight, and the UK Civil Aviation Authority issued a Mandatory Airworthiness Notice (No. 004-05-90). The Optica fan has now been replaced by one designed and manufactured by Hoffmann Propeller. Specifications See also References Notes Bibliography External links Edgley Optica in the air Flight International 1980 Optica Revisited Flight International 1985 AeroElvira Optica (air show flight demonstration and taxiing) 1980s British special-purpose aircraft Edgley aircraft Ducted fan-powered aircraft Mid-wing aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1979 Single-engined pusher aircraft	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgley%20Optica
Gibara () is a town and municipality of the Province of Holguín in the Republic of Cuba. Gibara is the fourth largest town by population and the ninth by area in Holguín. History The main town was founded on January 16, 1817. It is also known as "The White Town", . Gibara has a beautiful and breezy landscape, and also possesses excellent architectural designs and a well-planned layout of its streets, houses and parks. Even so, Gibara's biggest asset, according to visitors, are its people, which are described as cooperative, friendly, affectionate, and proud of their village and of its history. It is said Admiral Christopher Columbus had remarked of Gibara's environs that "it is the most beautiful land that human eyes saw." "The White Villa" in Gibara, although small, is said to possess a peculiar charm, exhibiting an architectural patrimony reflecting almost two centuries of history, as well as its people's cultural roots. Currently, some controversy exists about whether it was the Bay of Gibara or the Bay of Bariay that Columbus' ships reached during his first voyage to Cuba. The island of Cuba was discovered on October 28, 1492, after the disembarkation of La Pinta, La Niña and La Santa María, the first three European ships under the command of Columbus during his first trip toward the New World. Gibara was declared a National Monument in 2002; additionally, since 2003, the International Festival of Cinema, where films are presented in a number of different categories, has been held in this small coastal town. Demographics In 2004, the municipality of Gibara had a population of 72,810. With a total area of , it has a population density of . The municipality is divided into the barrios of Arroyo Blanco, Blanquizal, Bocas, Candelaria, Cantimplora, Cupeycillos, Palmita, Rabón. See also List of cities in Cuba Municipalities of Cuba References External links Populated places in Holguín Province	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibara
"Cygnet Committee" is a song written by David Bowie and recorded in 1969 for his second eponymous album (released in the U.S. as Man of Words, Man of Music and re-released in 1972 as Space Oddity). At over 9 minutes this ambitious progressive folk rock song was Bowie's longest studio recording until the opening/title track of 1976's Station to Station. Lyrical background "Cygnet Committee" developed from an earlier composition of Bowie's that had been written in the style of Simon and Garfunkel called "Lover to the Dawn". In early 1969, Bowie recorded an acetate demo of the song as a duet with John Hutchinson. "Lover to the Dawn" was intended as material for Bowie's soon-defunct folk combo, Feathers, which also included Hermione Farthingale, his girlfriend at the time. On Bowie's 1969 album, Farthingale was to become the subject of two other songs ("Letter to Hermione" and "An Occasional Dream") mourning the end of their relationship. During 1969, Bowie and his new girlfriend, Angela Barnett, lived in Beckenham, where they ran the Arts Lab, trying to encourage young people to be creative. However, Bowie soon quit the Arts Lab, when he realized that most people were coming just to see him perform and not to participate. His disappointing encounter with the hippies during this time is the basis for the song, as he felt he was used and abused by the teens: "I gave them [my] life... They drained my very soul..." Plot As with many of Bowie's works, the song is a dystopian narrative. One strand of the story concerns a man who helped revolutionaries establish a new order by, "open[ing] doors that would have blocked their way" and "ravag[ing] at my finance." The revolutionaries, "let him use his powers," so they could "infiltrate business cesspools/Hating through our sleeves." But "now [they] are strong" while the man "sits alone growing older" having been forgotten by those he helped. The other strand of the story describes the post-revolutionary world, revealing that it is not the utopia that had been hoped for. The mottoes of the new state are, "I will kill for the good of the fight for the right to be right," and "We can force you to be free." Near the end of the song, the narrator describes what has become of the revolution: A love machine lumbers through desolation rows Ploughing down man, woman, listening to its command But not hearing anymore. Live versions Bowie played the song at The Sunday Show introduced by John Peel on 5 February 1970. This was broadcast on 8 February 1970 and in 2000 was released on the album Bowie at the Beeb. Other releases It was released as the B-side of the Eastern European single "The Width of a Circle" in June 1973. It appeared on the Japanese compilation The Best of David Bowie in 1974. Personnel According to Chris O'Leary: David Bowie – lead vocal Keith Christmas – 12-string acoustic guitar Mick Wayne – lead guitar Tim Renwick – rhythm guitar Rick Wakeman – electric harpsichord John Lodge – bass John Cambridge – drums Tony Visconti – producer References Sources David Bowie songs 1969 songs Songs written by David Bowie Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cygnet%20Committee
Skyrack was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was split into upper and lower divisions and centred in Headingley, Leeds. The Lower Division included the parishes of Aberford, Bardsey, Barwick-in-Elmet, Kippax, Thorner, Whitkirk and part of Harewood, while the Upper Division included the parishes of Adel, Bingley, Guiseley and parts of Harewood, Ilkley and Otley. The Upper division of Skyrack was bounded to the north by the River Wharfe whilst the southern edge was bounded by the River Aire. Both divisions together contained 82 settlements. The Skyrack wapentake derives its name from a large oak that grew for centuries in Headingley. It is believed that the word "skyrack" comes from the Old English phrase scir ac meaning "Shire Oak", under which meetings were held. The tree finally collapsed in 1941. There is a plaque to commemorate it on the outside of the garden wall of the Original Oak pub. It also gives its name to the Skyrack pub opposite the Original Oak. The pub, which is one of the stopping points on the Otley Run pub crawl, is a grade II listed building. References External links Full list of 82 settlements in the wapentake of Skyrack History of Bradford History of Leeds Wapentakes of the West Riding of Yorkshire	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyrack
Dioon edule, the chestnut dioon, is a cycad native to Mexico, also known as palma de la virgen. Cycads are among the oldest seed plants and even pre-date the dinosaurs. It belongs to the Zamiaceae plant family within the order Cycadales. The genus name "Dioon" means "two-egged", referring to the two ovules (see photo below). Two subspecies are known, the nominate subspecies growing in a moister environment than the other: Dioon edule subsp. angustifolium Dioon edule subsp. edule Anatomy Dioon edule is easily distinguished from other Dioon species because it lacks spines on the borders of leaflets. Spines are present on juvenile leaves but are lost when the plant matures. D. edule has a crown of pinnate (i.e. feathered) leaves which measure around 135 cm long. Lateral budding is present and mucilage, or sap, is excreted from any cut surfaces on the plant body. The plant has a large central medulla and a single vascular bundle containing the xylem, phloem and cambium. Since the organism is slow-growing and xerophilous (i.e. drought-tolerant), only a small conduction channel is needed, unlike other plants. Stomata are also present to aid in transpiration and assimilation and are associated with sporophylls. D. edule has three or four large adventitious (i.e. abnormally positioned) roots surrounded by many smaller ones which harbor small nodules containing tannins. Roots are composed of large amounts of corky secondary tissue consisting of phellogen. It is often very difficult distinguish males and females until they develop a cone. Cones generally do not show a visual difference; however, cone intervals can be used to determine the sex of the plant. Females usually have a much longer cone interval than males, typically 10–52 years as compared to 2.8–8.8 years. In the female cone, the central cell of the archegonium (which becomes the seed after pollination) is up to one-eighth inch (3 millimeters) in length and contains a nucleus up to one-fiftieth inch (0.5 mm) in diameter; The largest mononucleate cell known. Habitat Dioon edule is endemic to the eastern coast of Mexico. It is commonly found distributed throughout the Sierra Madre Oriental from Veracruz to the Nuevo Leon. It commonly resides in tropical deciduous thorn forests and oak woodlands. They are usually found at an altitude of 500–1000 feet in harsh areas including exposed, shallow soils. Most of the areas in which D. edule resides are subjected to very dry climates and frequent brush fires which impact their survival and distribution. Ecology and distribution Disturbances alter the population dynamics of Dioon edule populations. If a population is heavily dominated by adult plants, the disturbance will be minimal as compared to the population consisting of younger plants. This is due to their ability to survive harsh conditions. D. edule exemplifies a Type III survivorship curve and clumped distributions. It is found mostly on shallow, rocky soils due to competition with other, faster growing species for water, nutrients and seed dispersal. In response, they have developed a selective advantage for growing in these harsh climates including vigorous tap roots for anchorage and water conduction. Furthermore, it is harder for rodents to reach the plant and seeds if they are established in difficult locations to reach. In addition to competition, causal agents of D. edule's random, clumped distribution include predation, variations in temperature and precipitation, and measures of seed dispersal. Death rates among seedlings are considerable, which is detrimental to a slow-growing plant such as the Dioon edule. Seeds must combat harsh, dry climates and frequent bushfires. Most mature plants are heavily armored and able to withstand these fires. Smaller seeds and juvenile plants are not so fortunate. However, the release of nutrients and minerals encourages females to develop cones during the following season. In addition to climate, seeds must also avert rodent predators. This is reasonably unusual because cycad seeds and foliage are poisonous to most mammals, excluding these varied species of rodents. Young leaves of D. edule are also eaten by the Eumaeus debora butterfly larvae. One of the ways in which cycads are identified includes leaflet characteristics, which were not heavily studied when cycads were first identified. In subsequent studies it was found that leaflet width was related to geographic dispersal. Wider leaves typical of Dioon edule subsp. edule are found in the south whereas the narrower leaves of D. edule subsp. angustifolium are found to the north. Evidence suggests D. edule subsp. edule was much more widespread than it is today and became fragmented thus allowing for genetic isolation. It is also speculated that the narrower leaves are endemic in the northern subspecies due to less temperate and humid environmental conditions in these areas. In addition, endomycorrhizae are present in roots and allow for increased absorption of nutrients and water. Symbiotic blue-green algae are also found in the coralloid (i.e. upward growing) roots. They assist the plant by fixing nitrogen thus giving the plant essential nutrients in exchange for protection. Cycads in general have significant roles in the nitrogen budget of their respective ecosystems. Endangerment Both subspecies of Dioon edule are on the verge of becoming endangered. They are threatened by human-caused habitat destruction and collection for horticultural and medicinal purposes. Bouncing back from these disturbances is extremely difficult for slow-growing plants such as D. edule. The United States Botanical Garden suggests that plant material should be conserved, seed banks should be established and legislation regarding trading cycads and protection of their habitats should be implemented and enforced. Dioon edule var. edule Dioon edule var. edule is commonly called the chestnut dioon and is endemic to the eastern coast of Mexico. D. edule was originally described by John Lindley in 1843. There are currently two subspecies known: D. edule subsp. edule and D. edule subsp. angustifolium. Pictures References and external links Stevenson, D. W., R. Osborne & J. Hendricks. A world list of cycads Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 57: 200-206 (1990) The Cycad Pages: Dioon edule Dioon edule original description by J. Lindley (1843). Compton, R. H, and F. W. South . "Notes From the Cambridge Botany School on the Anatomy of the Dioon Edule Lindle.." New Phytologist 7(1908): 222-229. de Luca, Paolo, Sergio Sabato, and Mario Vasquez. "Distribution and Variation of the Dioon Edule." Brittonia 34(1982): 355-362. Octavio-Aguilar, Pablo, Jorge Gonzalez-Astorgas, and Andrew P. Vovides. "Population Dynamics of the Mexican Cycad Dioon Edule Lindl. (Zamiaceae) Life History Stages and Management Need." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 157(2008): 381-391. "Rare and Endangered Plants." 2008. United States Botanical Garden. 2 May 2009 Vovides, Andrew P. "Spatial Distribution, Survival and Fecundity of the Dioon edule (Zamiaceae) in Tropical Deciduous Forests in Velacruz, Mexico with Notes on its Habitat.” The American Journal of Botany 77(1990): !532-1543. Whitelock, Loran M. "Variation in the Mexican Cycad Dioon Edule (Zamiaceae)." The Botanical Review 70(240-249): 2009. edule Plants described in 1843 Near threatened plants Flora of Mexico Taxa named by John Lindley Flora of the Sierra Madre Oriental	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioon%20edule
Hassa is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 520 km2, and its population is 56,675 (2022). It is on the eastern side of the Nur (Amanos) Mountains, looking towards the city of Gaziantep. It is on the Antakya-Malatya road. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Hassa was part of the Adana Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire. Hassa was a district in Cebel-i Bereket Province from 1923 to 1933 and then a part of Gaziantep Province until 1939. Hassa is an olive-growing district. The trees were first brought there by Ottoman governor Derviş Paşa in the late 19th century. Hassa was heavily damaged by powerful earthquakes in February 2023 and subsequent aftershocks. Composition There are 39 neighbourhoods in Hassa District: 15 Kasım Akbez Akkülek Aktepe Ardıçlı Arpalıuşağı Aşağıkarafakılı Bademli Bintaş Buhara Çay Çınarbaşı Dedemli Demrek Dervişpaşa Eğribucak Gazeluşağı Girne Gülkent Gülpınar Güvenç Hacılar Haydarlar Katranlık Koruhüyük Küreci Mazmanlı Sapanözü Söğüt Sugediği Tepebaşı Tiyek Yeni Yeniyapan Yoluklar Yukarıbucak Yukarıkarafakılı Yuvalı Zeytinoba References Populated places in Hatay Province Districts of Hatay Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassa%2C%20Hatay
Lodger may refer to: Lodger, a person whose accommodation takes the form of lodging Lodger, in British English a person who rents a room or accessory dwelling unit in a private residence Lodger (album), a 1979 art rock album by David Bowie Lodger (British band), a short-lived supergroup comprising members of Powder, Supergrass, and Delicatessen Lodger (Finnish band), a Finnish indie rock band See also The Lodger (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodger
Kırıkhan is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 715 km2, and its population is 121,028 (2022). The name Kırıkhan means "broken inn" in the Turkish language, perhaps a reference to one of the many lodgings that once lined the road. The town stands at the intersection of the route between İskenderun and Aleppo, and the major north-south road between Antakya and Kahramanmaraş. The town was once part of the district of Belen, but became a district in its own right in 1923 at the time of the French Mandate. Kırıkhan was annexed to Turkey in 1939 with the rest of Hatay. Its average summer temperature is 32.3 °C, and its average winter temperature is 7.3 °C. The district’s major religious and touristic site is the Beyazid-i Bestami Külliyesi (Complex) on Darb-ı Sak Castle at Alabeyli village, which contains the tomb or maqam of Bayazid Bastami. The ruined medieval Crusader castle Trapessac is situated near Kırıkhan. Kırıkhan was heavily damaged by powerful earthquakes in February 2023 and subsequent aftershocks. Composition There are 73 neighbourhoods in Kırıkhan District: 408 Evler Abalaklı Adalar Aktutan Alaybeyli Alibeyçağıllı Alparslan Alsancak Arkıtça Aydınlı Aygırgölü Bahçelievler Balarmudu Baldıran Barbaros Başpınar Bektaşlı Çamsarı Çamseki Camuzkışlası Çankaya Çataltepe Ceylanlı Çiloğlanhüyüğü Cumhuriyet Danaahmetli Dedeçınar Delibekirli Demirkonak Fatih Gazi Gölbaşı Gültepe Gündüz Güventaşı Güzelce İçada Ilıkpınar İncirli Kaletepe Kamberlikaya Kamışlar Kangallar Karaçağıl Karadurmuşlu Karaelmaslı Karamağara Karamankaşı Karataş Kazkeli Kızılkaya Kodallı Kurtlusarımazı Kurtlusoğuksu Kurtuluş Mahmutlu Menderes Mimarsinan Muratpaşa Narlıhopur Özkızılkaya Özsoğuksu Özyörük Reşatlı Saylak Söğütlüöz Sucuköy Taşoluk Topboğazı Torun Yalangoz Yeni Yılanlı Notable people Nerses Pozapalian, senior bishop of the Armenian Apostolic Church References Populated places in Hatay Province Districts of Hatay Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%B1r%C4%B1khan
Kumlu is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 193 km2, and its population is 13,333 (2022). It lies in the Amik Valley plain, on the road between Antakya and Reyhanlı. History Kumlu is known for the mineral baths of "Hamamat". Kumlu was founded in 1968 by Aziz Tavım. Geography To the west and north of Kumlu is Kırıkhan; to the east is Syria; and to the south is Reyhanlı. The general landscape of Kumlu is very flat. The Amik Plain includes tiny plateaus. Kumlu is situated at a height of 97 meters (318 feet). At the centre of Kumlu is a flat area in the Amik Plain. Composition There are 16 neighbourhoods in Kumlu District: Akkerpiç Akkuyu Akpınar Aktaş Batıayrancı Cumhuriyet Doğuayrancı Fevziçakmak Gökçeoğlu Gülova Hamam Hatayhamamı Kaletepe Kelli Kırcaoğlu Muharrem Population References Populated places in Hatay Province Districts of Hatay Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumlu
Reyhanlı (; , ar-Rayḥānīyah) is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 367 km2, and its population is 108,092 (2022). It is near the country's border with Syria. History Formerly known as İrtah (Artah) and Ar-Rayhaniya, Its southernmost environ, Yenişehir, is thought to be near the ancient village of Imma (or Immae), involved in the Battle of Immae in 272 and probably also with the so-called Battle of Antioch of 218. The 2013 Reyhanlı car bombings were a terrorist attack that involved the explosion of two car bombs in Reyhanlı on 11 May 2013. 51 people were killed, and 140 more were injured in the attack. The car bombs were left outside Reyhanlı's town hall and post office. The first exploded at around 13:45 local time, (10:45 UTC) and the second exploded about 15 minutes later. People attempting to help those injured in the first explosion were caught in the second blast. At that time, the attack was the deadliest single act of terrorism in the history of modern Turkey, only to be surpassed by the 103 victims of the 2015 Ankara bombings. On 5 July 2019, another car bombing in the town killed 3 people. Geography The climate is typical of the Mediterranean region, and Reyhanlı is an agricultural district watered from Reyhanlı reservoir, growing cotton, wheat and other grains and raising cattle, sheep and goats. The town lies on the main road between İskenderun and Aleppo in Syria. There is a border crossing point to Bab al-Hawa in Syria at Cilvegözü, south east of Reyhanlı town, which is the busiest land border post between Turkey and Syria. Composition There are 47 neighbourhoods in Reyhanlı District: Adabucağı Ahmetbeyli Akyayla Alakuzu Bağlar Bahçelievler Bayır Beşaslan Bükülmez Çakıryiğit Cilvegözü Cüdeyde Cumhuriyet Davutpaşahüyüğü Değirmenkaşı Esentepe Fevzipaşa Fidanlık Gazimürseltepesi Göktepe Gültepe Harran Karacanlık Karahüyük Karasüleymanlı Konuk Kuletepe Kumtepe Kurtuluş Kuşaklı Mehmetbeyli Mustafa Kemal Nergizli Oğulpınar Öz Kurtuluş Paşahöyük Paşaköy Pınarbaşı Suluköy Tayfur Sökmen Terzihüyük Üçtepe Uzunkavak Varışlı Yeni Yenişehir Yeşilova References Populated places in Hatay Province Districts of Hatay Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyhanl%C4%B1
In Rataj's taxonomy Echinodorus ovalis is in Section Cordifolii, Subgenus Echinodorus. It is related to Echinodorus cordifolius and listed by some authorities and importers as a synonym of that species, e.g. E. cordifolius 'ovalis'. Description Leaves 40 – 50 cm long, blades ovate or oval, at the tip blunt, at the base decurrent or abrupt, 7.5 – 19 cm long x 3 – 10 cm wide, trimmed with very distinct pellucid lines. Stem prostrate, 80 – 90 cm long, proliferous. Inflorescence racemose, having 4 - (6) whorls. Bracts shorter than pedicels, 0.8 - 1.5 cm long, shallowly connate, pedicels about 4.5 cm long. Sepals with smooth ribs quite unlike the muricate (warty) ribs of the similar E. cordifolius. Achenes probably with 3 facial glands. Most specimens seem to have few flowers. Distribution It is endemic to Cuba. Cultivation Easy to cultivate and suitable for the smaller aquarium. Prefers a moderate to good light and a reasonably rich substrate. The flower stem will root naturally in submersed conditions. External links ovalis	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinodorus%20ovalis
Grishk (; ), also spelled Gereshk, is the new name of Zamindawar which is named after the invasion the region by Nader Afshar army and given to Ghilji tribe in 18th century. Grishk a town in Grishk District of Helmand province, geographically located along the Helmand River in Afghanistan, some northwest of Kandahar, at altitude. Upstream lies the Kajaki Dam which diverts water to the Boghra Irrigation Canal, an essential infrastructure for the region's crops. Grishk Dam is also nearby. Grishk was originally built around a fort on the east bank of the river but was later rebuilt on the west. The fort was twice captured by the British: first in the First Anglo-Afghan War and again in 1879. In both cases the fort was later abandoned. Grishk has a population of about 48,546 and has a hospital and a school of engineering which was built back in 1957. Grishk is located on the important transport route known as Highway 1, which was built during the time of the Soviet–Afghan War. This route links Farah Province in the west and to Kandahar Province in the east. As part of Operation Moshtarak the British Army and Afghan workers are constructing Route Trident, a road that will eventually connect Grishk with the provincial capital of Lashkar Gah. Grishk is also the southern terminus of Route 611. The area is irrigated by the Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority. Climate Grishk has a hot desert climate (Köppen BWh), characterised by little precipitation and high variation between summer and winter temperatures. The average temperature in Grishk is 19.6 °C, while the annual precipitation averages 117 mm. Summers start in mid-May, last until late-September, and are extremely dry. July is the hottest month of the year with an average temperature of 32.2 °C. The coldest month January has an average temperature of 7.0 °C. Ethnography The population of Grishk is primarily made up of Pashtuns, along with large minorities of Hazaras and Shia Tajiks, being one of the only regions of Helmand province with a significant Shia minority. Grishk was under control of Noorzai tribe during the time of first Taliban government, and Mullah Mir Hamza an ethnic Pashtun from Noorzai tribe was the District governor of Grishk, while Mullah Mahmmad Azam an ethnic Pashtun from Noorzai tribe was the commander of Taliban forces in Grishk. Operation Enduring Freedom In November, 2003, Afghan Civilian Abdul Wahed died in Grishk at the special forces base, after being exposed to torture by the Afghan army. In April 2008 the 2nd Battalion 7th Marines, Echo Co, which was sent there to help support train the Afghan Police, worked with the Danish and British military. On December 4, 2008, two Danish soldiers were killed near Grishk. In June 2017, the son of Taliban leader Hibatullah Akhundzada, named Hafiz Abdur-Rahman, committed a suicide attack against Afghan forces based in the city. The city, along with other parts of Helmand province and the whole of Afghanistan, fell to Taliban forces as a result of the 2021 Taliban offensive. See also Helmand Province References Populated places in Helmand Province	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grishk
Kurucaşile is a town in Bartın Province in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Kurucaşile District. Its population is 2,097 (2021). It lies on the Black Sea coast. The mayor is Mehmet Zihni Sayın (AKP). Climate Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as oceanic (Cfb). References Populated places in Bartın Province Fishing communities in Turkey Populated coastal places in Turkey District municipalities in Turkey Kurucaşile District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuruca%C5%9File
Ulus is a town in Bartın Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. The town continues the ancient Greek colony of Olous (Ωλους). It is the seat of Ulus District. Its population is 3,926 (2021). The mayor is Hasan Hüseyin Uzun (AKP). References Populated places in Bartın Province District municipalities in Turkey Ulus District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulus%2C%20Bart%C4%B1n
Balya is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 797 km2, and its population is 12,451 (2022). The mayor is Orhan Gaga (CHP). Composition There are 46 neighbourhoods in Balya District: Akbaş Alidemirci Bengiler Çakallar Çalova Çamavşar Çamucu Çarmık Çiğdem Çukurcak Danişment Değirmendere Dereköy Doğanlar Enverpaşa Farsak Gökmusa Göktepe Göloba Habipler Hacıhüseyin Havutbaşı Ilıca Kadıköy Karacahisar Karlık Kaşıkçı Kavakalanı Kayalar Kayapınar Kocabük Kocacami Koyuneri Mancılık Medrese Müstecap Narlı Örenköy Orhanlar Patlak Semizköy Söbücealan Yarışalanı Yaylacık Yazlık Yenikavak References Populated places in Balıkesir Province Districts of Balıkesir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balya
Glass cloth is a textile material woven from glass fiber yarn. Home and garden Glass cloth was originally developed to be used in greenhouse paneling, allowing sunlight's ultraviolet rays to be filtered out, while still allowing visible light through to plants. Glass cloth is also a term for a type of tea towel suited for polishing glass. The cloth is usually woven with the plain weave, and may be patterned in various ways, though checked cloths are the most common. The original cloth was made from linen, but a large quantity is made with cotton warp and tow weft, and in some cases they are composed entirely of cotton. Short fibres of the cheaper kind are easily detached from the cloth. In the Southern Plains during the Dust Bowl, states' health officials recommended attaching translucent glass cloth to the inside frames of windows to help in keeping the dust out of buildings, although people also used paperboard, canvas or blankets. Eyewitness accounts indicate they were not completely successful. Use in technology Due to properties of glass such as heat resistance and an inability to ignite, glass has been used to create fire barriers in hazardous environments such as inside of racecars. Its poor flexibility, and its being a source of skin irritation, made the fibers inadequate for apparel uses. Its bi-directional strength make glass cloth useful for some fiberglass reinforced plastics. For example, the Rutan VariEze homebuilt aircraft uses a moldless glass cloth - epoxy composite structure and skin. Glass cloth is commonly used as the reinforcing lattice for pre-pregs. See also G-10 (material) Glass fiber References Woven fabrics Linens Fiberglass Composite materials Fibre-reinforced polymers Glass applications	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass%20cloth
Bigadiç is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,108 km2, and its population is 48,917 (2022). As former Ancient bishopric of Achyraus, it remains a Latin Catholic titular see. Bigadiç has the largest Boron reserves of both Turkey and the world. Also, villages of Bigadiç have natural thermal water reserves which contains Selenium and Sulfur. Etymology The oldest known name of Bigadiç is ancient Greek Achyraos (Αχυράους in Ancient Greek), Latin(ized) Achyraus, renamed during the Byzantine era Pegadia (Πηγάδια), which means "springs, wells", from which it evolved to Begadia, to Begados, and eventually to the Turkishized name Bugadıç. Some support the popular etymology that Boğadıç would mean "Bull meadow" (Boğa being the Turkish word for a bull). Composition There are 80 neighbourhoods in Bigadiç District: 4 Eylül Abacı Adalı Akyar Alanköy Altınlar Aşağıçamlı Aşağıgöcek Babaköy Bademli Balatlı Başçeşme Beğendikler Bekirler Bozbük Çağış Cami Çamköy Çavuş Çayüstü Çekirdekli Çeribaşı Çıtak Çömlekçi Davutça Davutlar Dedeçınar Değirmenli Dere Çerkes Dikkonak Doğançam Dündarcık Durasılar Elyapan Emek Emirler Esenli Fethibey Güvemçetmi Hacıömerderesi Hamidiye Hisarköy İğciler İlyaslar Işıklar İskeleköy Kadıköy Kalafat Karabahçe Kargın Kayalıdere Kayırlar Kırca Kızılçukur Köseler Kozpınar Küçükyeniköy Kürsü Kuyu Mecidiye Meyvalı Okçular Okçularyeri Orta Osmanca Özgören Panayır Salmanlı Servi Topalak Tozağan Turfullar Yağcıbedir Yağcılar Yeniköy Yeşildere Yolbaşı Yörücekler Yukarıçamlı Yukarıgöçek Ecclesiastical history Ancient Achyraus was situated in the Roman province of Hellespontus, in the civil Diocese of Pontus. Circa 400 it became a suffragan see of the provincial capital and metropolitan see Cyzicus, in the sway of Patriarchate of Constantinople. It is held either identical with former episcopal see Adrianothera, or to have supplanted a neighbouring bishopric of that name, as the Byzantine imperial Notitia Episcopatuum still listed that name in the tenth century, thereafter only Achiraus from the 11th until the thirteenth century. Four bishops of Adrianothera are known because of their participation in church councils : Patricius in the Council of Chalcedon in 451 Cyprianus in the Second Council of Constantinople in 553 Basilius in the Second Council of Nicaea in 787 Gregorius in the 'Photian' Council of Constantinople (879) which restored its Patriarch Photius I. Two 13th-century bishops of Achyraus are recorded under that title in the thirteenth century : Leo and Laurentius. Although it was suppressed as a residential Byzantine see (circa 900?), one Tommaso (no other prelature) was appointed Latin Coadjutor Bishop of Achyraus (1505.06.06 – ?). Titular see The diocese of Achyraus was nominally restored in 1933 by the Catholic Church as Latin titular bishopric of Achyraus (Latin) / Achirao (Curiate Italian) / Achyraën(sis) (Latin adjective). It is vacant, having had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank and members of Latin congregations : Victor Bazin, Paris Foreign Missions Society (M.E.P.) (1953.05.07 – 1955.01.01) as last Apostolic Vicar of Rangoon (Burma = Myanmar) (1953.05.07 – 1955.01.01); next (see) promoted first Metropolitan Archbishop of Rangoon (Myanmar) (1955.01.01 – retired 1971.06.19), President of Myanmar Catholic Bishops’ Conference (1967 – 1969), died 1975 Cesário Alexandre Minali, Capuchin Friars Minor (O.F.M. Cap.) (born Italy) (1955.03.01 – 1969.06.13), first as Bishop-Prelate of Territorial Prelature of Alto Solimões (Brazil) (1955.03.01 – 1958.04.09), then as Bishop-Prelate of Territorial Prelature of Carolina (Brazil) (1958.04.09 – death 1969.06.13) Augustín Van Aaken, Divine Word Missionaries (S.V.D.) (born Germany) (1972.07.25 – death 1990.08.11) as Bishop-Prelate of Territorial Prelature of Alto Paraná (Paraguay) (1972.07.25 – death 1990.04.19). Notes and references Sources and external links District governor's official website GCatholic - (former &) titular see Turkish Statistical Institute's official website Bibliography - ecclesiastical history Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 3, p. 217. Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 445 Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, vol. I, coll. 771-772 S. Pétridès, lemma 'Achyraus' in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. I, Paris 1909, col. 333 Populated places in Balıkesir Province Districts of Balıkesir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigadi%C3%A7
Burhaniye is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 420 km2, and its population is 64,283 (2022). It is located on the Aegean coast and is known for its olive oil. Balıkesir Koca Seyit Airport is ten minutes away by car. Burhaniye has a port and a museum of archeology. A museum for the Turkish National Movement was inaugurated in 2008 under the name Burhaniye Kuvay-ı Milliye Müzesi. A biennial festival, Ören Tourism and Art Festival, is organized in July. History Burhaniye was founded as Taylıeli ('Town of Taylı') village, named after one of the Turkish beys who came to the aid of Seljuk ruler Süleyman. At the beginning of the 14th century it came under the domain of the Karasids and grew as it attracted migrants. In Ottoman times, it was also known as Kemer and attached to Edremit until 1866 and became the centre of a district named after itself. It was renamed Burhaniye after the Ottoman Prince Şehzade Burhanettin. According to the Ottoman General Census of 1881/82-1893, the kaza of Burhaniye had a total population of 19.595, consisting of 17.145 Muslims, 2.433 Greeks, 9 Armenians and 8 foreign citizens. On 8 June 1922 the town was fell to Turkish forces. As the Greek forces were retreating they intended to burn and destroy the town center, however this was prevented by Borazan Çavuş from Pelitköy, who climbed on a minaret and when he saw the Greek enemy units approaching, played the attack tune on his bugle. He tricked the Greeks into thinking that the town center had a Turkish military presence and thus the Greeks continued their retreat without entering the town center and it was saved from destruction. In front of a statue of Atatürk is a monument with a sculpture of a rifle and bugle in commemoration of Borazan Çavuş and the Kuva-yi Milliye. Until 1992 there was also a sculpture by Gürdal Duyar depicting Borazan Çavuş. Burhaniye is 4 kilometres east of the site of ancient Adramyttium, which was later moved 13 kilometres northeast to Edremit. Its history is described in the article on the modern town, which has inherited the name of the old. Composition There are 39 neighbourhoods in Burhaniye District: Ağacık Ali Çetinkaya Avunduk Bahadınlı Bahçelievler Börezli Çallı Çamtepe Çoruk Cumhuriyet Damlalı Dutluca Geriş Hacıahmet Hacıbozlar Hisarköy Hürriyet İskele Karadere Kırtık Kızıklı Kocacami Kurucaoluk Kuyucak Kuyumcu Mahkeme Memiş Öğretmenler Ören Pelitköy Şahinler Şarköy Sübeylidere Tahtacı Taylıeli Yabancılar Yaylacık Yunus Yunuslar Twin towns — sister cities Burhaniye is twinned with: Bijelo Polje, Montenegro (2012) Hürth, Germany (2011) Murfatlar, Romania Gallery See also Borazan İsmail Çavuş References External links Populated coastal places in Turkey Seaside resorts in Turkey Aegean Sea port cities and towns in Turkey Populated places in Balıkesir Province Districts of Balıkesir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burhaniye
Dursunbey, formerly Balat, is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,719 km2, and its population is 33,333 (2022). The mayor is Ramazan Bahçavan (AKP). Dursunbey is noted for its wood and apples. Composition There are 111 neighbourhoods in Dursunbey District: 3 Eylül Adaören Akbaşlar Akçagüney Akyayla Alaçam Alagüney Arıklar Aşağımusalar Aşağıyağcılar Ayvacık Aziziye Bayıryüzügüney Beyce Beyel Boyalıca Bozyokuş Büyükakçaalan Çakırca Çakmak Çaltıcak Çamharman Çamköy Çanakçı Çatalçam Cebeci Çelikler Çiftçi Çınarköy Dada Değirmenciler Delice Demirciler Dereköy Dodurga Doğancılar Durabeyler Ericek Ferah Gazellidere Göbül Gökçedağ Gökçepınar Gölcük Güğü Gürleyen Hacıahmetpınarı Hacılar Hamzacık Hasanlar Hindikler Hondular Hopanlar İrfaniye Işıklar İsmailler İstasyon Karagöz Karakaya Karamanlar Karapınar Kardeşler Karyağmaz Kavacık Kavakköy Kazimiye Kireç Kızılcadere Kızılöz Küçükakçaalan Küçükler Kumlu Kurtlar Kuzköy Mahmudiye Mahmutça Meydançayırı Mıcırlar Mollaoğlu Naipler Odaköy Örenköy Osmaniye Poyracık Ramazanlar Reşadiye Resüller Şabanlar Saçayak Sağırlar Sakızköy Sarısipahiler Sarnıçköy Sebiller Selimağa Şenköy Sinderler Süleler Tafak Taşkesiği Taşpınar Tepeköy Tezlik Turnacık Umurlar Vakıf Veliler Yassıören Yukarımusalar Yukarıyağcılar Yunuslar References External links District governor's official website Map of Dursunbey and the vicinity Populated places in Balıkesir Province Districts of Balıkesir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dursunbey
Wanna is a village and a municipality in the integrated municipality of Land Hadeln, Lower Saxony, Germany. Wanna belongs to the Land of Hadeln, first an exclave of the younger Duchy of Saxony and after its de facto dynastic partition in 1296 of the Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, established de jure in 1260. In 1728 Emperor Charles VI enfeoffed the George II Augustus and his House of Hanover in personal union with the reverted fief of Saxe-Lauenburg. By a redeployment of Hanoverian territories in 1731 the Hanoverian Duchies of Bremen and Verden were conveyed the administration of the neighboured Land of Hadeln. The Kingdom of Hanover incorporated the Land of Hadeln in a real union and its territory, including Wanna, became part of the new Stade Region, established in 1823. References Year of establishment missing	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanna%2C%20Germany
Sion Mills is a village to the south of Strabane in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, on the River Mourne. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 2,050 people. It is a tree-lined industrial village and designated conservation area, particularly rich in architectural heritage. The village of Sion Mills was established by the Herdman family in 1835. The family operated a linen production mill in the village. History The name Sion comes from the townland of Seein, which lies to the south of the village. It is an anglicisation of an Irish placename: either Suidhe Fhinn (meaning "seat of Finn") or Sidheán (also spelt Síodhán and Sián, meaning "fairy mound"). The second part of the name is the English "mill". Sion Mills was laid out as a model linen village by the Herdman brothers, James, John and George. In 1835 they converted an old flour mill on the River Mourne into a flax spinning mill, and erected a bigger mill behind it in the 1850s. The River Mourne has powered industrial machinery here since 1640, according to civil surveys from the mid-17th century this was also the site of a former corn mill. After the site was bought in 1853 by The Herdman Brothers, the architectural company Lanyon, Lynn and Lanyon were hired to extend the compound. The mill was built with grey ashlar stone which was quarried locally in Douglas Bridge, the building was designed as a fireproof mill. The builder of the mill was John McCracken. The mill opened in 1835 and worked until 2004. The model village which was created by the Herdman family also incorporated recreational amenities for locals such as a community centre, cricket, bowling and football clubs. These amenities can still be seen today for example, the Sion Mills cricket tradition, Sion Mills was used as the venue to celebrate when the Irish team beat a west Indian touring team in July 1969. The Herdman brothers were religious, and built Churches. For the first 30 years James Herdman used to beat a drum to call the people to church. The church was a converted building in the village were everyone gathered. The work and theories of Robert Owen had a major influence on the development of Sion Mills and the model village. Robert Owen promoted experimental socialistic communities and transformed the village of New Lanark into a model community in the early 1800s, New Lanark provided high standard working conditions, education and shops which provided affordable good quality food. New Lanark became a model for industrial communities in the 19th and 20th centuries around the world for example, Sion Mills. The Herdman brothers, like Owen, believed in education for not only children but for adults too, they provided evening classes for adults. They also placed an emphasis on recreational activities and talent, in 1842 there was a village band and George Herdman provided singing-classes for the girls who worked in the Mill However, nearly everything in Sion Mills today was designed later, in the 1880s and 1890s, by James Herdman's son-in-law, the English architect William Frederick Unsworth. Sion House, a half timbered Elizabethan style mansion originally built in the early 1840s, was largely remodelled and expanded in the 1880s by Unsworth, around the same time as he was designing the first Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon (this theatre was destroyed by a fire in 1926). More modest half timbered buildings include the gatehouse, the Recreation Hall and Old St. Saviour's Church. Unsworth based his design for the polychrome Anglican church, the Church of the Good Shepherd (1909), on a church in Pistoia in Tuscany. This church is built in an Italian neo-Romanesque style. By contrast, the modern Church of St Teresa (1963, by Patrick Haughey), the Catholic place of worship, is admirable for its severely plain lines – a long rectangle with a striking representation of the Last Supper on the slate facade. Oisín Kelly was the artist. A prominent local landlord and businessman in the area in the early 20th century was Brigadier General Ambrose St. Quentin Ricardo, C.M.G., C.B.E., D.S.O., Q.S.A. (1866–1923), a director of Herdman's Ltd.. Born at Gatcombe Park, his family's seat in Gloucestershire in Britain, he had married Elizabeth Alice ('Ella') Herdman in Thyet Myo in Burma (then a part of the Raj) in 1893 and had settled in Sion Mills around 1903. He was largely instrumental in having the Church of the Good Shepherd built in the village, construction beginning in 1909. He and his wife carried out many other improvements to the village, and they were amongst the founders of the Derry Feis. Brig. Gen. Ricardo was buried in the vestibule of the church upon his death in 1923. He was a great-grandson of the famous political economist David Ricardo (1772–1823). At its peak the mill employed 1500 people. Unfortunately, China had begun to dominate the linen market across Europe and this led to the closure of Herdmans Ltd production in Sion Mills in 2004, resulting in the loss of 600 jobs. Demography On Census Day (27 March 2011) the usually resident population of Sion Mills Settlement was 1,907 accounting for 0.11% of the NI total. Of these: 99.90% were from the white (including Irish Traveller) ethnic group; 63.29% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion and 35.55% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion 34.66% indicated that they had a British national identity, 33.56% had an Irish national identity and 36.76% had a Northern Irish national identity Sport Sion Mills has a strong cricket tradition and was the venue for a celebrated moment in cricket history when the Irish team beat a West Indian side in July 1969. Sion Mills Cricket Club plays in the North West Senior League. Transport Sion Mills railway station opened on 9 May 1852 and shut on 15 February 1965. References External links Villages in County Tyrone Model villages Linen industry in Ireland Planned communities in Northern Ireland	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sion%20Mills
Gömeç is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 171 km2, and its population is 16,880 (2022). Its former name was Armutova before becoming a district. The ancient city Kisthene is located in Gömeç. Current mayor's name is Mehmet Irem Himam (CHP). Composition There are 13 neighbourhoods in Gömeç District: Dursunlu Hacıhüseyinler Hacıoğlu Hacıosman Karaağaç Kemalpaşa Keremköy Kobaşlar Kumgedik Kuyualanı Mithatpaşa Ulubeyler Yaya Twin towns — sister cities Gömeç is twinned with: Donji Vakuf, Bosnia and Herzegovina since 2002 References Populated places in Balıkesir Province Districts of Balıkesir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey Populated coastal places in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6me%C3%A7
Havran is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 565 km2, and its population is 28,058 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of . The district has traditionally produced cheese and a fruit drink called şerbet. Until the 1920 the population was mix of Turks, Greeks, and Tatar (refugees) with small numbers of Jews and Armenians. Composition There are 34 neighbourhoods in Havran District: Büyükdere Büyükşapçı Çakırdere Çakmak Çamdibi Camikebir Çiğitzade Dereören Ebubekir Eğmir Eseler Fazlıca Halılar Hallaçlar Hamambaşı Hüseyinbeşeler İnönü Kalabak Karalar Karaoğlanlar Kobaklar Kocadağ Kocaseyit Köylüce Küçükdere Küçükşapçı Mescit Sarnıçköy Tarlabaşı Taşarası Tekke Temaşalık Tepeoba Yeni References External links District governor's official website Road map of Havran and environs Another road map of Havran and environs Various images of Havran Populated places in Balıkesir Province Districts of Balıkesir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havran%2C%20Bal%C4%B1kesir
Fabiola Campomanes Rojas (born 30 July 1972) is a Mexican actress. Biography Campomanes enrolled at the Centro de Educación Artística (CEA) run by Televisa. In addition, she studied film and television direction at UCLA. Campomanes began her career in Los parientes pobres (1993) acting next to Lucero and Ernesto Laguardia. After that, she began acting in the telenovelas Imperio de Cristal (1995), María José (1995) and in Los hijos de nadie (1997). In 1998, Campomanes earned her first starring role in the telenovela Azul tequila. She continued in La calle de las novias (2000), and Ladrón de corazones (2003), as co-protagonist. In 2005, Campomanes received the proposal to pose naked for Playboy magazine, which she accepted. She then posed for the magazine H Extremo. The following year she returned in the telenovela Duelo de Pasiones interpreting the villain Thelma, and in 2008 playing another villain, Alice, in Las tontas no van al cielo, acting alongside Jacqueline Bracamontes, and Jaime Camil. In 2009, Campomanes received the proposal to star in the telenovela Niños Ricos, Pobres Padres for the network Telemundo. In 2010, she returned to Televisa, in the telenovela Teresa, portraying the innocent Esperanza, and shared credits with Angelique Boyer and Sebastián Rulli. After production on Teresa ended, Campomanes interpreted the twins of the telenovela Amorcito corazón. In 2014 she played Jennifer, her second co-starring role, in Mi corazón es tuyo, sharing credits with Silvia Navarro, with whom she had previously performed in La calle de las novias. also made his last novel in Televisa In 2016, she switched to the TV Azteca broadcaster, which saw her grow up as an actress. Filmography Awards and nominations Premios TVyNovelas MTV Movie Awards Mexico References External links Fabiola Campomanes Gallery at her manager's website. Mexico Playboy Magazine Issue No. 36 \| October 1, 2005 1972 births Living people Mexican telenovela actresses Mexican television actresses Mexican film actresses Mexican television presenters Actresses from Mexico City 20th-century Mexican actresses 21st-century Mexican actresses Mexican women television presenters	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabiola%20Campomanes
İvrindi is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 818 km2, and its population is 31,512 (2022). The mayor is Yusuf Cengiz (AKP). Composition There are 69 neighbourhoods in İvrindi District: Akçal Aşağıoba Ayaklı Bedrettin Bozören Büyükfındık Büyükılıca Büyükyenice Çarkacı Çatalan Çelimler Çiçekli Çobanlar Çukurlar Çukuroba Değirmenbaşı Demirciler Döşeme Erdel Eriklikömürcü Evciler Gebeçınar Geçmiş Gökçeler Gökçeyazı Gömeniç Gözlüçayır Gümeli Hacıahmetler Haydarköy Hüseyinbeyobası İkizce Ilıcakpınar Kaleoba Karaçebiş Kaşağıl Kayapa Kılcılar Kınaköy Kınık Kıpıklar Kiraz Ören Kışladere Kocaeli Kocaoba Korucu Küçükfındık Küçükılıca Küçükyenice Kurtuluş Kuşdere Mallıca Okçular Osmanköy Osmanlar Pelitören Sakarya Sarıca Sarıpınar Sofular Soğanbükü Susuzyayla Taşdibi Topuzlar Yağlılar Yaren Yedieylül Yeşilköy Yürekli References Populated places in Balıkesir Province Districts of Balıkesir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0vrindi
Kepsut is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 889 km2, and its population is 21,825 (2022). Its elevation is . The mayor is İsmail Cankul (AKP). Composition There are 69 neighbourhoods in Kepsut District: Ahmetölen Akçakertil Akçaköy Alagüney Armutlu Bağtepe Bektaşlar Beyköy Bükdere Büyükkatrancı Çalkandil Camiatik Camicedit Dalköy Danahisar Darıçukuru Dedekaşı Dereli Dombaydere Durak Eşeler Eyüpbükü Göbel Gökköy Hotaşlar İhsaniye İsaalanı Işıklar Kalburcu Karacaağaç Karaçaltı Karacaören Karagöz Karahaliller Kasapzade Kayacıklar Kayaeli Keçidere Kepekler Kızıloluk Küçükkatrancı Mahkeme Mahmudiye Mehmetler Mestanlar Mezitler Nusret Örencik Örenharman Örenli Osmaniye Ovacık Piyade Recepköy Saraçköy Sarıçayır Sarıfakılar Sayacık Seçdere Serçeören Şeremetler Servetköy Tekkeışıklar Tilkicik Tuzak Yaylabaşı Yenice Yeşildağ Yoğunoluk References External links District governor's official website Populated places in Balıkesir Province Districts of Balıkesir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepsut
Manyas is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 634 km2, and its population is 18,066 (2022). The mayor is Tancan Barçın (CHP). The important bird area Lake Kuş and the Kuşcenneti National Park cover part of the district. Composition There are 50 neighbourhoods in Manyas District: Akçaova Atatürk Boğazpınar Bölceağaç Çakırca Çal Çamlı Çarşı Çataltepe Çavuşköy Cumhuriyet Darıca Değirmenboğazı Dereköy Doğancı Dura Ericek Eşen Eskiçatal Eskimanyas Hacıibrahimpınarı Hacıosman Hacıyakup Hamamlı Haydarköy Hekim İrşadiye Işıklar Kalebayır Kalfa Kapaklı Karakabaağaç Kayaca Kızık Kızıksa Kocagöl Koçoğlu Kubaş Kulakköy Maltepe Necipköy Örenköy Peynirkuyusu Salur Şevketiye Süleymanlı Tepecik Yaylaköy Yeni Yeniköy Gallery Kuşcenneti National Park. References Populated places in Balıkesir Province Districts of Balıkesir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manyas
Mickey's Racing Adventure is a racing video game developed by Rare and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy Color in 1999. It was followed by Mickey's Speedway USA in 2001. Gameplay Mickey's Racing Adventure is a single-player racing game with adventure elements. It is played from an isometric perspective and races consist of land or water tracks. Development and release Mickey's Racing Adventure was developed by Rare over the course of approximately six months. It is the company's second Game Boy Color game and its extra mini-games are based on classics such as Loco-Motion. It supports the Game Boy Color's infrared port to transmit data between machines. The game was released in November 1999. Reception Mickey's Racing Adventure received positive reviews from critics. IGN reviewer Craig Harris felt that it was Rare's "first real quality Game Boy Color-exclusive title" after their "atrocious" Conker's Pocket Tales, while GameSpot praised the number of tracks and characters to choose from, stating that Mickey's Racing Adventure "shows how Game Boy racers should be done". N64 Magazine said that the game successfully combines the exploration aspects of Rare's Diddy Kong Racing with the racing style of R.C. Pro-Am for the Nintendo Entertainment System, but criticised the lack of a multiplayer mode. Game Informer gave the game an overall score of 8 out of 10 noting the game being well designed, especially for a Disney game, and commenting that the game has plenty of racing courses, characters, power ups and vehicle upgrades concluding "Mickey's Racing Adventure won't take you an exorbitant amount of time to finish, but you’ll like it all the way to the end". References External links 1999 video games Game Boy Color games Game Boy Color-only games Mickey Mouse video games Nintendo games Racing video games Rare (company) games Single-player video games Video games scored by David Wise Video games developed in the United Kingdom	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%27s%20Racing%20Adventure
Marmara is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 134 km2, and its population is 10,601 (2022). It comprises Marmara, Avşa, Ekinlik, and Paşalimanı islands along with the neighbouring smaller islands. The mayor is Süleyman Aksoy (AKP). The seat of the municipality is in the neighbourhood Cumhuriyet on Marmara Island. The seat of the district governor (kaymakam) is in the neighbourhood Yenimahalle, also on Marmara Island. Composition There are 14 neighbourhoods in Marmara District: Abroz Asmalı Avşa Çınarlı Cumhuriyet Deniz Ekinlik Gündoğdu Hürriyet Okullar Saraylar Topağaç Yenimahalle Yiğitler References Populated places in Balıkesir Province Districts of Balıkesir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara%20District
Savaştepe is a municipality and district of Balıkesir Province, Turkey. Its area is 427 km2, and its population is 16,765 (2022). Its elevation is . The mayor is Turhan Şimşek (AKP). Composition There are 50 neighbourhoods in Savaştepe District: Akpınar Ardıçlı Aşağıdanişment Beyköy Bozalan Çaltılı Çamurlu Çavlı Çiftlikdere Çukurçayır Cumhuriyet Deveören Dikmeler Esenköy Eyerci Fatih Güvem Güvemküçüktarla Hıdırbalı Hürriyet İsadere İstiklal Kalemköy Karacalar Karaçam Karapınar Kocabıyıklar Kocaören Koğukyurt Kongurca Kurudere Madenmezarı Mecidiye Minnetler Pelitcik Sarıbeyler Sarısüleymanlar Sıtmapınar Soğucak Söğütçük Söğütlügözle Tavşancık Türediler Yazören Yeşilhisar Yolcupınarı Yukarıdanişment Yukarıkaraçam Yunakdere Zafer References External links District municipality's official website Ercüment ÇALI Populated places in Balıkesir Province Districts of Balıkesir Province Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sava%C5%9Ftepe
Mickey's Speedway USA is a Disney racing game for the Nintendo 64 and Game Boy Color, developed by Rareware and published by Nintendo under license from Disney Interactive. It is styled after other kart racers such as Mario Kart 64 and Diddy Kong Racing, and features characters from the Mickey Mouse universe racing across the United States. It is Rare and Nintendo's second Disney-themed racing game following Mickey's Racing Adventure (1999). Gameplay Mickey's Speedway USA features various characters from the Mickey Mouse universe racing in karts to complete laps around a track as quickly as possible. Scattered along each track are tokens that increase racers' maximum speed, boosters which will give racers a quick burst of acceleration, and items that can be used to interfere with opponents, such as baseballs and paint cans. The Nintendo 64 (N64) version features gameplay similar to Rare's previous N64 racing game Diddy Kong Racing, while the Game Boy Color (GBC) version uses a top down gameplay style similar to its predecessor, Mickey's Racing Adventure. The game includes a Grand Prix mode, a time trial mode, a practice mode, and multiplayer racing modes in both the N64 and GBC versions, along with a multiplayer battle mode on N64. Completing each Grand Prix on different difficulties will unlock new characters, cheats, and other features. The game features 20 different race tracks spread across five Grands Prix, all themed after famous American cities and locations such as Los Angeles, Washington, D.C., and the Grand Canyon; the selection of tracks slightly differs between versions. An additional bonus track can be unlocked in the N64 version via a cheat code and in the GBC version by linking up to a copy of Mickey's Racing Adventure via the system's infrared port. Six playable characters are included in both versions of the game. These default characters are paired in statistics: Mickey and Donald have average statistics, Minnie and Daisy focus on handling and acceleration, and Goofy and Pete have a concentration in speed and quickness. Three additional characters, consisting of Dewey, Louie, and Ludwig Von Drake, can be unlocked in the N64 version through completing objectives in Grand Prix mode; a fourth character, Huey, can only be unlocked by connecting to the GBC version through the Transfer Pak. Synopsis Mickey discovers his dog, Pluto, has been kidnapped by the Weasels for his diamond collar. He calls Minnie, Donald, Daisy and Goofy to help search for him, while Pete intercepts the phone call and follows behind. Professor Ludwig von Drake builds race cars for the group to help them search faster, and they travel across America following a series of postcards left by the Weasels. After a final race, the Weasels are found, caught, and sent to jail. Mickey happily reunites with Pluto, revealing the supposed diamonds on his collar are simply glass beads from one of Minnie's old necklaces, and the group heads home. Reception The Nintendo 64 version received "average" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Matthew Byrd, writing for Den of Geek in 2017, said: "To be honest, Mickey's Speedway USA doesn't quite measure up to the likes of Diddy Kong Racing, Mario Kart 64, or Crash Team Racing. Its courses are not nearly as inventive (many are just basic recreations of US locations), its power-ups are a little slim, its A.I. is perpetually stuck in first, and its roster is a bit thin (...) [but] Rare still managed to produce an engagingly charming and more than functional kart racing title that's only notable flaws are tied into the fact that it didn't surpass what came before it". See also List of Disney video games References External links Official Nintendo Japan Mickey's Speedway USA site 2000 video games Disney video games Donald Duck video games Game Boy Color games Games with Transfer Pak support Goofy (Disney) video games Kart racing video games Mickey Mouse video games Multiplayer and single-player video games Nintendo games Nintendo 64 games Racing video games set in the United States Rare (company) games Vehicular combat games Video games developed in the United Kingdom	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%27s%20Speedway%20USA
Nannorrhops ritchiana, the Mazari palm, is the sole species in the genus Nannorrhops in the palm family Arecaceae. Distribution It is native to southwestern Asia, in the historical region of Balochistan, from the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula east through Iran and Afghanistan to Pakistan, growing at altitudes of up to 1,600 m. Description It is a shrub-like clumping palm, with several stems growing from a single base. The stems grow slowly and often tightly together, reaching or more tall. It is a fan palm (Arecaceae tribe Corypheae), with the leaves with a long, smooth (unspined) petiole terminating in a rounded fan of 20–30 leaflets, long, with a distinct glaucous blue-green to grey-green colour. The flowers are borne in tall, open clusters up to long at the top of the stems; it is usually dioecious with male and female flowers on separate plants. The fruit is a brown drupe. The individual stems are monocarpic, dying back to the ground after flowering, with the plant continuing growth from basal sprouts. Cultivation It is one of the hardier palms, tolerating winter frosts down to about (possibly even ), though it requires very hot summers for good growth. It can be grown in USDA zones 6-11. It is occasionally grown as an ornamental plant in southern Europe and southern North America, but is not widely cultivated. References External links Fairchild Guide to Palms: Nannorrhops PACSOA: Nannorrhops Scanpalm Nannorrhops Coryphoideae Monotypic Arecaceae genera Flora of Pakistan Flora of Iran Flora of Afghanistan Flora of the Arabian Peninsula Dioecious plants	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nannorrhops
Osgoldcross was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. It included the parishes of Adlingfleet, Badsworth, Burghwallis, Campsall, Castleford, Darrington, Kellington, South Kirkby, Owston, Pontefract, Whitgift, Womersley, Ferry Fryston and parts of Featherstone, Snaith and Wragby. The original meeting place of the wapentake was the area which later became Pontefract Market Place. References Wapentakes of the West Riding of Yorkshire	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osgoldcross%20Wapentake
Sean Slater is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Robert Kazinsky, who made his first appearance on 22 August 2006. Sean's existence was revealed on 9 December 2005 when his sister Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner) returns to Walford after their mother, Jean (Gillian Wright), attempts suicide. It was announced on 18 January 2008 that Kazinsky would be leaving the show, and he made his final appearance on 1 January 2009. He returned for a brief stint on 26 April 2019, and departed again on 6 May 2019. Kazinsky returned again for one-off appearances on 1 November 2021 and 7 April 2022. Storylines Backstory Growing up, Sean adored his father Brian and younger sister Stacey (Lacey Turner), but had a fractured relationship with his mother Jean (Gillian Wright) due to her bipolar disorder. He became rebellious, constantly going out of his way to scare Jean. Sean punched his father during an argument. The next day, Brian suffered a brain haemorrhage and died whilst working on a building site the next day. Believing that he killed his father, Sean panicked and on his sixteenth birthday, he ran away, joined the army and lost all contact with his family. Stacey, aged 11, was left alone to take care of their mother. 2006–2009 Sean Slater first appears in August 2006, seeking revenge on his old friend Al (Andrew McKay) after the latter ended up causing Sean to be kicked out of the Special Air Service. Sean breaks into Al's flat and follows him into The Queen Victoria public house, where he ends up seeing his sister Stacey, whom he had lost contact with for seven years. After taking revenge on Al, Sean decides to stay in Walford to look after Stacey. Sean immediately begins pursuing Tanya Branning (Jo Joyner), despite briefly dumping her for Stacey's best-friend Ruby Allen (Louisa Lytton) after learning that she is wealthy. Sean soon begins forging his relationship with Ruby in order to secret exploit control of her financial assets. However, his plan is quickly discovered by Ruby's business partner Jake Moon (Joel Beckett), whom he begins clashing with in the process. Their feud escalates when Ruby confides to Sean that Jake had killed his younger brother Danny (Jake Maskall) to stop him from murdering the "Mitchell brothers", consisting of the square's local hardman Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) and his younger brother Grant (Ross Kemp), at the behest of their crime boss and Ruby's father, Johnny Allen (Billy Murray). Later on, Jake informs Johnny of Sean's plan and subsequently tells Sean that Johnny wishes to meet him in person; Johnny has recently been sentenced to life imprisonment for his criminal activities, specifically for the murders of his gangland rival Andy Hunter (Michael Higgs) and his best-friend Dennis Rickman (Nigel Harman). The next day, Sean visits Johnny and attempts to fabricate his story by proclaiming that his intentions are to create goodwill for Ruby and her future. However, Johnny does not buy it and threatens to have Sean killed unless he leaves Ruby alone. At first Sean appears to feel intimidated, but he then surprises Johnny by taunting him over his real plans for Ruby before leaving prison. This enrages Johnny, who then attempts to have Sean killed by phoning Jake to carry out the order, but he ends up having a heart attack and dies before Ruby can visit him; Jake then leaves Walford after learning about his boss' death. Following Johnny's funeral, Sean proposes marriage to Ruby. They begin to plan out a wedding until Ruby learns of Sean's plan, and Sean also grows irritated when she attempts to help mend his relationship with Jean. Eventually, they split and Ruby leaves Walford afterwards. Sean then continues to pursue Tanya, only to end up having sex with numerous other women - including Karin Jones (Anna Lauren) and Preeti Choraria (Babita Pohoomull). In 2007, Sean starts dating Chelsea Fox (Tiana Benjamin) and also has sex with her stepsister Carly Wicks (Kellie Shirley), causing a number of arguments. Scorned, Chelsea and Deano Wicks (Matt Di Angelo) try to get revenge on Sean by attempting to frame him for assaulting shopkeeper Patrick Trueman (Rudolph Walker). Sean's attempt to escape arrest fails and he is held on remand. From prison, Sean has Deano attacked so Carly ends the relationship, but discovers that Chelsea has CCTV footage proving that Sean did not attack Patrick. Despite her family's protests, Carly takes the footage to the police. Sean is released, and Deano and Chelsea are arrested for conspiracy to pervert the course of justice. Sean gets revenge on Deano by giving him a bogwash and he also cuts Chelsea's hair. Sean and Tanya start dating at the beginning of 2008, and Sean tells her that he was responsible for his father's death. In March 2008, they plot to fake Tanya's reconciliation with her estranged husband Max (Jake Wood) in order to gain control of his assets and then leave the country. Tanya pretends to split up with Sean and reunite with Max, but secretly they conspire to bury Max alive. However Tanya feels guilty and releases Max. Much to Sean's surprise, Tanya scorns and rejects him when he says he wants them to be a family and reveals that she used him to get revenge on Max. Sean threatens to tell her children what she has done but Tanya retaliates by threatening to tell Stacey that Sean killed their father. Sean keeps quiet but takes the rejection hard. He then begins to torment his flatmate Gus Smith (Mohammed George). Sean reveals that he plans to kill Gus and make it look like suicide, but Stacey stops him and makes him move back in with the Slaters. Roxy and Sean split up, and Gus reveals to the Slaters that Sean is involved in drugs. By then, Sean has begun a relationship with Phil's cousin Roxy (Rita Simons), who soon reveals that she is pregnant. This causes Sean to believe that he is the father, but is left unaware that Roxy had a one-night stand with Max's younger brother Jack (Scott Maslen). He offers to support her but Roxy refuses his offer and returns to Ibiza. Sean leaves Albert Square briefly and returns in July after learning that Roxy is in Weymouth with her father, Archie (Larry Lamb), so he goes to see her. Archie encourages Roxy to stay in Weymouth with him, but her sister Ronnie (Samantha Womack) and Sean persuade her to return to Walford, and she moves in with him. Ronnie disapproves of Roxy and Sean's relationship as she suspects him of selling drugs, but comes round after they get married in August. Sean has a difficult relationship with Roxy's father, Archie, and is unhappy about accepting his money for a deposit on a flat. In November 2008, when Roxy goes into premature labour, Archie pretends to call Sean, but does not, so he misses the birth of Amy. In December 2008, Jack asks Roxy for a paternity test. She receives the results and hides them away; however, Archie finds them and makes a copy. A few weeks later, Archie persuades Jack and Max's sister Suzy (Maggie O'Neill) to help him reveal the DNA test results to Sean on Christmas Day. Sean is devastated and attacks Jack, Amy's biological father, then goes on the rampage, kidnapping Amy. On New Year's Day 2009, Sean asks Stacey to look after Amy for a few days, knowing that she will return her to Roxy. Sean soon returns himself, and convinces Roxy to leave with him and Amy, but she is scared, and calls Ronnie, so she and Jack follow them. Sean drives them to an icy lake, intending to drive into the water and drown as a family. Roxy escapes but cannot get Amy out, so when she sees Ronnie and Jack arrive, Roxy coaxes Sean out onto the ice so they can rescue Amy. With Ronnie and Jack watching, the ice breaks, and Sean and Roxy go under. Sean frees Roxy from the weeds that she has got entangled in, as Ronnie dives into the water to rescue her. Roxy and Ronnie escape safely, but there is no sign of Sean. Roxy then sees Sean crawling out of the water whilst Ronnie and Jack are warming up back at the car. She signals to him to leave and Sean walks away. In May 2015, Stacey makes a videocall to Sean via Skype; while he does not appear on-screen, he reminds her to take care of her mystery key due to its link to their father. When Jean reacts badly upon seeing her with the key, Stacey attempts to find out what the key represents, but Jean catches her and, unwilling to tell her the truth other than Sean apparently could not trust her with it, seemingly throws it down the toilet. However, after Stacey leaves, it is revealed that Jean still has the key. She returns the key to Stacey four months later, revealing that it unlocks a safety deposit box in which Brian left Stacey and Sean some information about his other family, but Sean took the key from Jean after Brian's death before she could give it to Stacey when she turned 21. 2019–2022 When Jean is diagnosed with ovarian cancer in March 2019, she wants Stacey to help her contact Sean. Though Stacey claims she does not know Sean's contact details or whereabouts, Kat Moon (Jessie Wallace) finds out that Stacey had contacted Sean weeks earlier and told him about Jean's cancer. Stacey claims that Sean acted strangely and talked morbidly about Jean dying during the phone call. After much hesitation, Stacey gives Sean's number to Jean, who leaves a voicemail message. Several days later, Sean secretly picks up Amy from school. He proceeds to learn about Amy, talking about Roxy with her and realising how much Amy resembles her mother. Not realising that Roxy died in 2017, Sean says something insensitive about her which upsets Amy so she asks to be taken home. Sean tells Jack that Amy had been with him and asks to see Roxy. Jack drives Sean to the graveyard and shows him where Ronnie and Roxy are buried and talks about Roxy dragging Ronnie down, resulting in both sisters dying on his and Ronnie's wedding night. A fight ensues when Jack continues to insult Roxy. Sean is left at the graveside where he apologizes to Roxy for how things ended between them and tells her he will be joining her soon. Sean and Jean reunite at The Queen Vic where, after a brief confrontation with Ruby, he takes Jean to her chemotherapy appointment. After Sean scares Jean by asking morbid questions, Stacey takes him aside and rebukes him for his actions, wishing he would be a normal person. Though Sean admits he cares about their family, Stacey tells him he is a damaged person and should leave Walford for Jean's sake. When Jean is adamant that she will not let him walk out on her again, Sean suggests that they run away together. They take a trip to the countryside, where he helps her shave her head bald. While they are out on a walk, Jean injures her leg when falling on a sharp metal wire. Jean hides her injury from Sean but he later finds out, calls for an ambulance and tries to stop her from bleeding. When Jean tells Sean that she thinks she is going to die, Sean confesses that he killed his father, Brian. As he goes into detail about his crime she begins to drift out of consciousness. When Sean leaves the room, a dazed Jean asks for Sean and tells him that she loves him. Sean retreats to the barn, intending to commit suicide by shooting himself. Recovering from the injury, Jean tells Stacey what Sean did and they both find him at the barn. Jean reassures Sean that he is not a bad person for his actions, and that Brian had been living a double life with another family the entire time. Sean agrees to let go of the gun and collapses in tears as Jean comforts him. After spending the weekend at the Slater house and quickly becoming overwhelmed, he asks to be left alone for time to gather his thoughts. Jean finds a nearby flat for Sean to live in, but when she comes home to tell him, she finds him having packed his bags to leave Walford. He reveals he has booked an appointment at a mental health facility to get the help he needs. After saying an emotional goodbye to Jean and giving her a ringtone for when he will call her, he also says goodbye to Amy, promising to take her to Ronnie and Roxy's bar in Ibiza on her 18th birthday. In November 2021, it is revealed that Stacey has married a prison inmate called Eve Unwin (Heather Peace), a former solicitor who tries to help Stacey fight her eviction. However, Jean does not trust Eve and enlists Sean's help in making her leave. Sean does so by convincing Eve that she will cause trouble for Stacey. Stacey is unhappy to learn about Sean's involvement and informs him that Eve was only trying to help. Before leaving, Sean tells Jean to call him if she needs anything. Five months later, Stacey is worried that Jean is having an episode of her bipolar disorder and calls Sean to speak to her. Sean video calls Jean, but she assures him that she is fine. Sean accepts this and sends Stacey a bouquet of flowers telling her not to worry about Jean. However, Stacey bins them. Creation Sean was created as an addition to the soap's existing Slater family, comprised initially of sister Stacey (Lacey Turner) and mother Jean (Gillian Wright). He was first mentioned on 9 December 2005 when his sister, Stacey, unfolded a family picture to reveal a fourth member (Sean). It was first announced on 13 April 2006 that the character would be joining EastEnders in the coming months, with the revelation made that: "He's going to enter the Square with a bang and will be at the centre of some of the biggest storylines of the year." A month later, on 18 May 2006, it was announced that Robert Kazinsky had been cast in the role of Sean. Kazinsky said of his casting: "I've grown up with EastEnders so I can't quite believe I'll soon be part of the Slater family." Development Characterisation and relationships Kazinsky has described his character as "a raging psychopath". Explaining in greater detail his understanding of Sean's personality, he has expanded: Kazinsky has also spoken extensively on several of his character's romantic relationships, declaring in August 2007 that: "Until he knows himself and can forgive himself and actually let his guard down, he's never going to be in a position where he can give to anybody other than himself. At the moment he's a completely selfish, self-serving character." At the time, he speculated that "There's not a single woman who can bring him out of himself, because he's plagued by inner turmoil. Women can have a tempestuous fling with Sean, but they can't ever have love with him, because he doesn't love himself." This idea was expanded on during the character's relationship with Tanya Branning, of which Kazinsky explained: "I don't believe he loves Tanya, I think he's obsessed with her which is a different thing entirely. I think that unconsciously he wants to pay homage to his dad Brian by being the father that he was. And stepping into Max's shoes and taking over his family would have helped him to do that. It's all to do with the guilt he felt over killing his father which is silly really. He didn't stick a knife in him or anything. He hit him and the next day he died of an aneurysm. But as a 16-year-old boy Sean blamed it on himself." Departure (2008) In January 2007, Kazinsky was suspended from the show for a period of two months, following allegations he had sent raunchy, inappropriate text messages to a model. The character was temporarily written out of the soap, with a statement released by the BBC which explained: "Following the story in the Sunday People on 7 January 2007, EastEnders executive producer Diederick Santer has taken the decision to suspend Robert Kazinsky from early February for a period of two months. In addition, Robert Kazinsky would like to apologise for any offence caused to EastEnders viewers and for bringing the show into disrepute." On 18 January 2008, it was announced that the character was to be written out of EastEnders following Kazinsky's decision to quit the soap. The actor said of his decision: "If I had done everything I wanted to do as an actor before I joined EastEnders I would have wanted to stay forever. I have really enjoyed my time with the show - it's such a wonderful place to work and it's become more like a second home to me. I'll be sad to leave." In December 2009, Diederick Santer was asked if anything in the year had not gone as he expected it to. He replied: "[F]or whatever reason, I don't think Sean's exit on New Year's Day was our finest moment. Unusually for EastEnders, we peaked Christmas and New Year with the story and the same bunch of characters and by the time we got to New Year it had rather played out." Returns In May 2009, Kazinsky revealed that he would return to EastEnders if Roxy was leaving and would be part of her leaving storyline. Talking to Digital Spy he said, "I've always said that whatever happens if Rita ever leaves, I want to be in her exit storyline... I'd love to do that." In 2017, Simons did leave EastEnders, but Kazinsky was not a part of her exit storyline. On 17 January 2019, it was confirmed that Kazinsky would reprise his role as Sean for a "short stint in the spring", ten years after his exit. Kazinsky's return was previously teased in an interview with senior executive producer Kate Oates that month. In a press release, Kazinsky said that he thought that his "best work was on EastEnders as Sean Slater" because he understood the character and his background well. On his return, the actor commented, "I have unfinished business in Albert Square and am thrilled to be returning to what I still consider to be my home, however briefly." He also looked forward to being involved in his storyline and appearing alongside his on-screen family. Oates praised Sean and Kazinsky, opining that he created "a modern EastEnders icon" through Sean. She confirmed that Kazinsky had involvement in the development of his return story, and added that she looked forward to Sean's return. Kazinsky made another return for a single episode which was broadcast on 1 November 2021. His return was not announced. Kazinsky later revealed why his return was brief, and expanded on a possible return in the future: "It was simple really, I live in LA and when conditions allow I'll try and see my family every year – or more if I can – so I thought why wouldn't Sean do that. Pop in for a cuppa?" he explained. So I said to Kate [Oates]: 'I'm in London for one day, let's write a scene and I'll swing by in the morning and we can do it, better than that, every time I'm in the UK, if I can, let's do it again' and she rallied the troops and made it happen." He later returned again on 7 April 2022 in an appearance via FaceTime. Reception In 2020, Sara Wallis and Ian Hyland from The Daily Mirror placed Sean 63rd on their ranked list of the best EastEnders characters of all time, calling him Stacey's "brooding" brother who "had affairs with half the women in Walford and picked fights with most of the gangsters". See also List of soap opera villains Fictional portrayals of psychopaths References External links EastEnders characters Fictional criminals in soap operas Fictional bartenders Fictional drug dealers Fictional British Army personnel Fictional Iraq War veterans Male villains Fictional murderers Fictional attempted suicides Television characters introduced in 2006 British male characters in television Fictional prisoners and detainees Fictional characters with psychiatric disorders Fictional market stallholders Fictional patricides Fictional bullies Fictional torturers Slater family (EastEnders) Mitchell family (EastEnders)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean%20Slater
A granule is a large particle or grain. It can refer to: Granule (cell biology), any of several submicroscopic structures, some with explicable origins, others noted only as cell type-specific features of unknown function Azurophilic granule, a structure characteristic of the azurophil eukaryotic cell type Chromaffin granule, a structure characteristic of the chromophil eukaryotic cell type. Astrophysics and geology: Granule (solar physics), a visible structure in the photosphere of the Sun arising from activity in the Sun's convective zone Martian spherules, spherical granules of material found on the surface of the planet Mars Granule (geology), a specified particle size of 2–4 millimetres (-1 to -2 on the φ scale) Granule, in pharmaceutical terms, small particles gathered into a larger, permanent aggregate in which the original particles can still be identified Granule (Oracle DBMS), a unit of contiguously allocated virtual memory Granular synthesis of sound See also Granularity, extent to which a material or system is composed of distinguishable particles Granular material, any conglomeration of discrete solid, macroscopic particles (grains) Granule cell, a neuron with a small cell body Grain (disambiguation) Granulation (disambiguation) Granulometry (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granule
Fittja is a part of Botkyrka Municipality and the name of the Stockholm metro station in the area. It was settled during the 1970s and consists mostly of rental apartments. As of 2008, there were 7,458 people living in Fittja; 64.7% of them were of non-Swedish origin, of whom 25.1% were non-Swedish citizens. Fittja Mosque is also located here. In its 2017 report, Police in Sweden placed the Alby/Fittja district in the most severe category of urban areas with high crime rates. Fittja metro station Fittja metro station is a station on the red line of the Stockholm metro. The station was opened in 1972. The distance to Slussen is 17.5 km. References Stockholm urban area Populated places in Botkyrka Municipality Södermanland Million Programme	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fittja
Disney's Magical Mirror Starring Mickey Mouse is a point-and-click adventure video game developed by Nintendo and Capcom and published by Nintendo for the GameCube and licensed from Disney. Gameplay The game uses a simple point-and-click mechanic, similar to Pac-Man 2: The New Adventures, which involves using a cursor to guide Mickey Mouse to various locations. Mickey will react to what the player does and what he encounters in the game by expressing curiosity, getting mad, falling down, running away, standing his ground, or other actions. At certain points, the player is able to have Mickey perform a special move that generally involves having him stomp on an onscreen enemy. Mini-games, such as having Mickey fly an airplane or ski down a mountain, are available throughout the game. Special souvenirs may be uncovered as well, which are displayed in Mickey's room at the end of the game, such as Pluto's collar or Minnie's bow. The objective of the game is to find all the pieces of the mirror so that Mickey goes back home. Plot One night when Mickey is fast asleep, he falls into a dream where a mischievous ghost traps a dream vision of himself inside a magic mirror. Stuck in a large mansion within an alternate universe that strangely resembles his own house, Mickey yearns to get back through the mirror to the real world in order to wake up from his dreamlike state; however, the ghost destroys the mirror and the pieces shrink and fly off to different areas around the house, which turns the magic mirror into a normal mirror. The player must direct Mickey to outwit and pull gags in order to get past enemies, obstacles, and the aforementioned ghost and recover the twelve broken mirror pieces he needs to go home again and search for twelve magic star containers (needed to pull gags) and items needed to help him throughout his quest. Whenever he finds a piece, it will fly back to the mirror, return to its normal size, and put itself back in place. After repairing the mirror, Mickey prepares to leave, but the ghost stops him, revealing that it only brought him here so it can have someone to play with. The player could either choose to stay or go. Choosing to stay will make the ghost run off, leaving Mickey stuck in the alternate world until he reenters the mirror room where the player can choose to stay or leave again. If the player chooses to leave, Mickey says goodbye to the ghost and begins to go home, but the ghost decides to go with him (only if the player has collected all the mirror pieces). After Mickey wakes up, he goes downstairs to get something to eat. If the player repairs the mirror with all twelve pieces found, a model of the ghost is shown hanging on the ceiling fan and the ghost's laughter is heard, implying that the ghost is now residing in Mickey's house. Development The game was teased at Nintendo's Space World 2001 presentation with a series of screenshots, which was assumed to be a platformer like much the vein of Disney's Magical Quest on the Super NES. The title was formally announced at the 2002 Electronic Entertainment Expo. The game's introduction sequence is loosely based on Thru the Mirror, a 1936 Mickey Mouse cartoon; Mickey's animations are replicated from the short. An alternate scene later in the game, where Mickey grows to a tremendous size then shrinks to a minuscule size, was also replicated as in the cartoon. Reception The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. For the most part, the player is given no instructions and cut scenes are limited to watching Mickey get chased or falling through to the next area. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of 27 out of 40. GameSpot said, "The incredibly slow pacing and monotonous puzzles will override the Disney entertainment factor for the young as well." IGN wrote, "It's just plain boring and often tedious. Most kids will find the game as just that, and for the monetary investment, it's not recommended." GameSpy wrote, "Geared towards a younger audience, Mickey is mind-numbingly simple, and it's a shame that such impressive visuals had to go to waste on such a disposable game." See also Disney's Hide and Sneak List of Disney video games Notes References External links 2002 video games Disney games by Capcom Disney video games GameCube games GameCube-only games Games with GameCube-GBA connectivity Mickey Mouse video games Nintendo games Point-and-click adventure games Single-player video games Video games about dreams Video games about ghosts Video games about magic Video games about parallel universes Video games developed in Japan	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney%27s%20Magical%20Mirror%20Starring%20Mickey%20Mouse
Och may refer to: Och (spirit) The ISO 639-3 language code for Old Chinese 6-oxocamphor hydrolase, an enzyme Och, alternative spelling of Uch, a city in Bahawalpur District, Pakistan John R. Oishei Children's Hospital, Buffalo, New York, United States Outram Community Hospital, a community hospital in Singapore	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Och
Agbrigg and Morley was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. The main purpose of the wapentake was the administration of justice by a local court. At the time of the Domesday survey in 1086, Agbrigg and Morley were separate wapentakes. For example, Methley was in Agbrigg while Rothwell was in Morley. The wapentakes were probably combined by the 13th century when similar administrative reforms occurred elsewhere in England. It was kept in two divisions, which in the mid-nineteenth century again became wapentakes in their own right. The Agbrigg Division included the parishes of Almondbury, Emley, Kirkburton, Kirkheaton, Normanton, Rothwell, Sandal Magna, Thornhill, Wakefield and Warmfield with Heath and parts of Batley, Dewsbury, Featherstone, Huddersfield and Rochdale. The Morley Division included Birstall, Bradford, Calverley and parts of Batley, Huddersfield and Dewsbury. References Wapentakes of the West Riding of Yorkshire	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agbrigg%20and%20Morley
Disney's Magical Quest is a Disney platform game trilogy released by Capcom. The games star Mickey Mouse and (depending on the game version) either Minnie Mouse or Donald Duck, who must defeat Pete. The gameplay is similar amongst all games in the series: the player must move as in a typical platform game, defeating enemies either by jumping on them or by grabbing and throwing blocks at them. One of the most notable gameplay features of the series is the ability to change characters' outfits, which give characters different special abilities. Other gameplay elements in the series include the ability to expand the player's health meter by collecting special hearts, and to shop for items using coins that are scattered throughout the game. The Magical Quest Starring Mickey Mouse The Magical Quest Starring Mickey Mouse, the first game in the series, was released for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System during 1992 and 1993 and later re-released for the Game Boy Advance in 2002. Featuring six different levels with four different special outfits it stars Mickey Mouse on his journey to save his dog Pluto, who was dognapped by the emperor Pete during a game of catch with his friends Donald Duck and Goofy. The game, and especially its outfit system and graphics, received mostly positive reviews, but was criticized for being relatively short. A port was originally planned for the Sega Mega Drive, but was abandoned. Story Mickey Mouse, Pluto, Goofy and Donald Duck are playing catch in the park. When it is Goofy's turn to throw the ball, he accidentally throws it too far. Pluto runs off chasing the ball and Goofy runs after Pluto, leaving Mickey alone. Mickey goes searching for his friends after a while, but falls down a cliff into a strange magical land. Later, Mickey meets an old wizard who tells Mickey that Pluto was taken by the Emperor Pete. Mickey sets out to find his friend and stop Pete's tyranny. He eventually rescues Pluto, but in that moment Mickey wakes up in his bed, revealing that the events of the game were just a dream, and Donald suggests they play another game of catch. Mickey happily agrees, and he, his friends and Pluto all live happily ever after. Outfits Mickey Mouse can wear four different outfits in The Magical Quest Starring Mickey Mouse. Some outfits can be upgraded in the stores found throughout the game. Mickey starts in his traditional clothing. It allows him to grab certain objects and spin-throw them. Mickey's first unlockable outfit, the magician outfit, is awarded to him in the beginning of the second level and allows Mickey to shoot magic blasts at enemies. The magic blasts fired are larger the longer they are charged. However, shooting magic drains Mickey's magic meter, which is refilled by collecting magical lamps. Additionally, Mickey can breathe underwater and control magic carpets with the magician outfit. The firefighter uniform that Mickey finds in the third level allows him to spray water streams at enemies. In addition, the water stream can be used to put out fires, push blocks and form icicles. Similarly to the magician outfit, spraying water with the firefighter uniform drains Mickey's water meter which is refilled by collecting the fire hydrant item. In the fourth level of the game Goofy gives Mickey the mountain-climbing gear, which allows Mickey to use a grappling hook to attach to certain objects. He can then hoist or swing himself up on top of them. Moreover, his grappling hook can be used to grab items. The grappling hook can also be used as a weapon to grab enemies and throw them. Game Boy Advance remake The game was remade for the Game Boy Advance in 2002 with the name Disney's Magical Quest Starring Mickey and Minnie. It was developed by Capcom and published by Nintendo. In the GBA version Minnie Mouse was added to the game as a playable character, though she is identical in gameplay to Mickey. Additionally, four minigames for both single-player and multiplayer were added to the remake. The multiplayer mini-games were played with the GBA link cable and only one cartridge was needed to play with a friend. Notably, the GBA port also introduced a save feature and could connect to Disney's Magical Mirror Starring Mickey Mouse via the GameCube–Game Boy Advance link cable. Reception The Super NES version of The Magical Quest Starring Mickey Mouse was generally well received by critics. Most reviewers praised the detailed and colourful graphics and animations in the game, with some reviewers even calling them some of the best on the system to date. The bosses and backgrounds were specifically praised for their appearance. The outfit system was also well received and many critics felt it added depth to the gameplay. The sound and music received mixed to positive ratings, as some thought the music loops were too short and that the sound wasn't up to par with the rest of the game, while some found the music and sound effects very suitable for a Disney cartoon game. A great deal of the criticism was attributed to the difficulty of the game. Many reviewers believed that the game was too easy and/or short, primarily due to the game's unlimited continues that allowed the player to replay a level until finished, which lead to them recommending the game only for younger children. To counter the game's relatively low difficulty, some reviewers felt that the game's difficulty option should be set to hard to enjoy the game fully. The Super NES version sold 1.2 million copies worldwide. The Game Boy Advance version of the game received mixed to positive reviews. Again, most critics liked the graphics of the game, although some thought that the GBA version had slightly worse graphics than the SNES version. The cropped backgrounds and smaller view area in comparison to the SNES version were noted. The game's length was also criticized, as the original SNES version was. Most critics considered the GBA-specific multiplayer mini-games to add little value to the game; the fact that the Game Boy Advance consoles must be turned off and on to change multiplayer game was also not well received. On the other hand, being able to play multiplayer with only one cartridge was held in high regard. In 2009, GamesRadar ranked the game fifth on their list of the seven best Disney games, saying "This is another brilliant example of using a license properly, not falling back on it entirely. Mickey alone could have sold this game, but as was common in Capcom's early Disney games, the gameplay was fleshed out beyond contemporary offerings and would have proudly succeeded without the license at all." IGN rated the game 23rd in its "Top 100 SNES Games of All Time". They praised the "spectacular" platforming and the costume-based action. The Great Circus Mystery Starring Mickey & Minnie The Great Circus Mystery Starring Mickey & Minnie, later titled Disney's Magical Quest 2 Starring Mickey & Minnie, was released for the Super NES and Mega Drive/Genesis in 1994 and for the Game Boy Advance in 2003. The game features Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse trying to figure out why everyone in the circus has disappeared, and includes four different outfits and six different levels. While the Super NES and Genesis versions were practically identical, the GBA re-release in 2003 included some new features. As with its predecessor, it received praise for its graphics and outfit system but was criticized for its difficulty and length. Story Mickey and Minnie Mouse travel by bus to the circus at the edge of town where they are going to spend the day. When the bus arrives, a little late, Goofy appears and tells Mickey and Minnie that everyone in the circus tents has disappeared. Mickey and Minnie are surprised by Goofy's claim, but choose to go to the circus and see it with their own eyes. At the circus they realize that their friends Pluto and Donald are gone. Mickey and Minnie must now find out what is going on at the circus. Changes Unlike the first game, Minnie Mouse also features as a playable character. In a single-player game the player can choose to play as either Mickey or Minnie, but the choice makes no difference to gameplay and is purely aesthetic. Moreover, the game features two player cooperative gameplay, unlike the previous game where the players had to take turns. Another new feature is a password back-up, allowing the player(s) to continue where they stopped playing the game. Outfits The Great Circus Mystery Starring Mickey & Minnie features four different outfits. Similar to the first game in the series, the default outfit allows Mickey and Minnie to grab certain objects, including some enemies, and spin them away. The first unlockable outfit, the sweeper outfit, allows Mickey and Minnie to suck up certain enemies with their vacuum cleaner. If an enemy is sucked up using the vacuum cleaner outfit, the enemy turns into a coin. Using the vacuum cleaner consumes battery power which can be refilled by collecting the extra battery item. The second unlockable outfit, the safari suit, allows Mickey and Minnie to climb walls as well as swing from special circular blocks. The third and final unlockable outfit, the cowboy outfit, includes a hobby horse and a pop-gun. The hobby horse grants Mickey and Minnie a higher jump and the pop-gun allows Mickey and Minnie to damage enemies by firing corks at them. Firing a cork decreases the power meter which can be refilled by collecting cork gun items. Additionally, the hobby horse allows Mickey and Minnie to use the move Desperado Dash, which sends them flying through the air but drains the power meter slightly. Game Boy Advance remake The Great Circus Mystery Starring Mickey & Minnie was re-released in 2003 under the title Disney's Magical Quest 2 Starring Mickey & Minnie. The password feature in the original game was replaced with a save feature in the remake. No mini-games were added to this version, but the main adventure could be played by two players using the GBA link cable promo featured on the DVD Mickey Donald & Goofy The Three Musketeers Sneak Peeks. Reception The SNES, Genesis/Mega Drive and GBA version of The Great Circus Mystery Starring Mickey & Minnie received mixed to positive reviews. As with the previous game in the series, the easy difficulty and length of the game were criticized while the colourful graphics, outfit system and music received mostly praise. The new co-operative gameplay feature was considered to be one of the game's greatest strengths. On the negative side, some critics noted that The Great Circus Mystery was very similar to the previous game. Much like the first game in the series, the game was mostly recommended for younger players. The GBA version was criticized for not pushing the system's limits and for not providing any new features beside link cable support. Since the SNES version was introduced closely to Mickey Mania, another SNES video game with Mickey Mouse in the title role, both games were compared to each other to a certain extent. On release, Famicom Tsūshin scored the game a 26 out of 40. Next Generation reviewed the Genesis version of the game, rating it two stars out of five, and stated that "compared to Sony Imagesoft's Mickey Mania, The Great Circus Mystery is just a great big disappointment". Disney's Magical Quest 3 Starring Mickey & Donald The final game in the series was released for the Super Famicom only in Japan. It was later re-released for the Game Boy Advance, the first version of the game to be released outside of Japan. In Disney's Magical Quest 3 Starring Mickey & Donald, Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck try to save Donald's nephews from King Pete. It features four outfits and seven levels. Unlike the two earlier games in the series, an outfit now behaves differently depending on whether Mickey or Donald are wearing it. Story While hiding in the attic from their uncle Donald Duck, Donald's triplet nephews Huey, Dewey and Louie, discover an old book. The book, soon revealed to be magical, transports the triplets to Storybook Land. In Storybook Land Huey, Dewey and Louie are captured by King Pete, who plans to take over the real world. Mickey and Donald are told what happened by the fairy of Storybook Land and therefore decide to enter the book in order to find the duckling brothers and stop Pete once more. Changes The game is quite similar to Disney's Magical Quest 2, though with some new features. There is a cartridge save feature instead of the password system in the previous game. Additionally, some of Mickey and Donald's outfits of the same type has different strengths and weaknesses. By finding secret doors scattered through the levels, bonus rooms can be found. These allow the player to pick a playing card, and if they guess correctly an award is given. The Game Boy Advance version allows two players to play together with a GBA link cable cooperatively as well as in some competitive mini-games. Outfits As stated, some outfits feature different abilities depending on whether Mickey or Donald is wearing them. Some outfits can be upgraded in stores found throughout the game. As with the two previous games in the series, the default outfit allows Mickey and Donald to grab certain enemies and blocks and spin them away. The first unlockable costume for Mickey is a medieval knight's armour, including a shield and a lance with a boxing glove on the end. Due to its weight the armour sinks in water, but the shield can protect Mickey from attacks and the lance allows him to attack in four different directions. Donald uses a wooden barrel as armour, a metal bowl for a helmet and wields a hammer as his weapon. Unlike Mickey's armour the barrel allows Donald to float in water and he can also duck into the barrel for cover and roll around, both of which can also be used as a platform for Mickey to stand on in 2-player mode. Donald swings his hammer in an arc. Both costumes have a bar that charges over time, increasing the damage of their next attack. The second unlockable costume is the lumberjack climbing gear. It can be used to catch enemies and throw them and climb trees. The final outfit is a magician outfit. It allows Mickey and Donald to cast spells with which they can find secret areas and avoid traps. Donald's costume, in which he holds a magical lamp, can summon a genie hand which can be used as a platform for Mickey to stand on in 2-player mode. Reception The Game Boy Advance version of Disney's Magical Quest 3 Starring Mickey & Donald received mixed to positive reviews. As with the other games in the series, the graphics and animations were praised while the length and easy difficulty was criticized. The new outfit system with different outfits for Mickey and Donald was well received by critics, and alongside the cooperative-gameplay feature many critics found it added a new dimension to the game. See also List of Disney video games Notes References Reference group a Reference group b Reference group c Reference group d Mickey Mouse video games Donald Duck video games Yeti in fiction 1992 video games 1994 video games 1995 video games Adventure games Cooperative video games Platformers Game Boy Advance games Games with GameCube-GBA connectivity Sega Genesis games Super Nintendo Entertainment System games Multiplayer and single-player video games Disney games by Capcom Video games developed in Japan Video games featuring female protagonists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney%27s%20Magical%20Quest

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