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Arima Haruzumi (有馬 晴純, 1483 – March 19, 1566) was a Japanese feudal lord in the Sengoku period.
Biography
Initially known as Arima Sadazumi, he held the title of Shuri-dayu and a position in the shobanshu, the private guard of the Shogun. His tenure as lord had the Arima at the height of their power, controlling trade in the strategically important Shimabara Peninsula, near modern-day Nagasaki. Ashikaga Yoshiharu, the 12th Ashikaga shōgun, recognizing his strategic importance and strength, allowed him to take a character from his name and call himself "Haruzumi."
In 1546 he attacked Ryuzoji Iekane's Mizu-ga-e Castle, and while he captured it, Iekane led a counterattack after a mere two months, recapturing it. After this, Haruzumi gave his second son in adoption to the Omura clan, and it was this son who would become Ōmura Sumitada. In the course of his tenure as lord, Haruzumi clashed with many local daimyōs such as the Goto, Hirai, Matsuura, Omura, Saigo, and Taku. He soon on expanded the Arima to control five districts of Hizen Province. As a result of his military conquests and political maneuvering, Haruzumi was able to control all of Hizen Province by way of political maneuvering.
In his later years, Portuguese vessels began to appear in the waters controlled by the Arima, and the family profited from foreign trade. While Christianity spread greatly, Haruzumi did not like the faith, and persecuted it.
His son Yoshisada succeeded him.
References
Daimyo
1483 births
1566 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arima%20Haruzumi
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Aparecida do Rio Doce is a municipality in southwest Goiás state, Brazil.
Geography
The municipality of Aparecida do Rio Doce belongs to the Sudoeste de Goiás Microregion and is 208 km. from the state capital, Goiânia. Connections are made by BR-060 / Guapó / Indiara / Rio Verde / GO-174/ GO-422 / BR-364. The town lies at the junction of BR364 and GO174.
Belonging to the Paraná River basin, the river system is varied, with the most important rivers being the Rio Claro and its tributary, the Rio Doce. Along these rivers there are several small waterfalls, the most important being Salto do Rio Claro. The two rivers are used for recreational fishing and swimming by locals and tourists. Municipal boundaries are with Jataí, Rio Verde, and Caçu.
Demographics
Population density: 4.49 inhabitants/km2 (2007)
Population in 1980: n/a
Population in 2007: 2,702
Urban population: 2,088 (2007)
Rural population: 614. (2007)
Population growth rate: 1.80% 1996/2007
The economy
The main economic activity is cattle raising for meat (59,000 head in 2006). Farming is secondary and is mainly subsistence, with farmers growing rice, corn, and soybeans. Another economic activity is production of poultry and pigs, due to the proximity of the important Perdigão Foods factory in Rio Verde, one of the largest agroindustrial complexes in the world.
Industrial units: 4
Retail units: 52
Dairies: AGROLUCAS Laticínios Ltda. (22/05/2006)
GDP in 2005 (R$1,000.00): 25,312
GDP per capita in 2005 (R$1.00): 9,282
Motor vehicles:
Automobiles: 213
Pickup trucks: 26
Number of inhabitants per motor vehicle: 11Main agricultural products in ha.(2006)rice: 300
corn: 300
soybeans: 600Farm Data (2006)in ha.'''
Number of farms: 146
Total area: 63,807
Area of permanent crops: 286
Area of perennial crops: 968
Area of natural pasture: 48,244
Persons working in agriculture: 516 IBGE
Health and education
Infant mortality rate: 1990—39.53; 2000—17.77
(IBGE 2002)
Literacy rate: 1991—67.5%; 2000—84.2%
(IBGE 2004)
MHDI: 0.754
State ranking: 68 (out of 242 municipalities)
National ranking: 1753 (out of 5507 municipalities)
History
The history of Aparecida do Rio Doce as a municipality is recent as it was elevated to city status in 1993. The name derives from the patron saint of Brazil, Our Lady Aparecida, and the most important river of the region, the Rio Doce, which limits the urban area on the south and flows north to south to eventually join the Rio Claro.
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
Microregions of Goiás
References
Frigoletto
Municipalities in Goiás
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aparecida%20do%20Rio%20Doce
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Ekadashi () is the eleventh lunar day (tithi) of the waxing (Shukla Pakṣa) and waning (Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa) lunar cycles in a Vedic calendar month. Ekadashi is popularly observed within Vaishnavism and Shaivism, two major paths within Sanatan Dharma. Followers offer their worship to the god Vishnu, Shiva by fasting or just as symbol, the idea was always to receive self discipline and benefits of fasting and it was connected to the way if life via Sanatam Dharma practices.
Within Hinduism, the primary purpose of fasting on ekadashi is to gain control over the mind and bodily senses, and channel it towards spiritual progression. In addition, there are several health benefits linked to fasting. High protein and carbohydrate-containing foods such as beans and grains are not consumed. Instead, only fruit, vegetables, and milk products are eaten. This period of abstinence starts from sunrise on the day of ekadashi to sunrise on the following day. Rice is not eaten on ekadashi.
The timing of each ekadashi is according to the position of the moon. The Indian calendar marks progression from a full moon to a new moon as divided into fifteen equal arcs. Each arc measures one lunar day, called a tithi. The time it takes the moon to traverse a particular distance is the length of that lunar day. Ekadashi refers to the 11th tithi, or lunar day. The eleventh tithi corresponds to a precise phase of the waxing and waning moon. In the bright half of the lunar month, the moon will appear roughly 3/4 full on ekadashi, and in the dark half of the lunar month, the moon will be about 3/4 dark on ekadashi.
There are usually 24 ekadashis in a calendar year. Occasionally, there are two extra ekadashis that happen in a leap year. Each ekadashi day is purported to have particular benefits that are attained by the performance of specific activities.
Bhagavata Purana (skandha IX, adhyaay 4) notes the observation of ekadashi by Ambarisha, a devotee of Vishnu.
Legend
The story behind ekadashi began with Vishnu sleeping or in a meditative state. A demon, Murdanav, approaches and attempts to attack Vishnu. At that time, a beautiful woman sprung forth from Vishnu's 11th sense (often called the "mind"). An infatuated Murdanav asked to marry her, to which responded that only if he defeated her in battle. As they fought, Murdanav was eventually killed. Vishnu awoke from his sleep, and blessed the woman by naming her "Ekadashi", and stated that if anyone were to fast on this day, they would be given moksha (spiritual liberation).
List of ekadashis
The table below describes the ekadashis and when they fall in the year.
See also
Guruvayur Ekadasi
Amavasya
Notes
References
Gangadharan, N., Agni Purana, New Delhi: Motilala Banarsidass, 1985, Chapter 178.
Iyer, N.P. Subramania, Kalaprakasika: The standard book on the election (mahoortha) system: with the original text in Devanagari and English translation, New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1982.
External links
About Ekadashi Vrat: Ekadashi Vrat Vidhi-Niyam and Vrat Bhojan
List of all Ekadashi of this year 2022
11
Hindu calendar
Hindu festivals
Religious festivals in India
Hindu festivals in Nepal
Hindu holy days
Vrata
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekadashi
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The dollar was the currency of the Raj of Sarawak from 1858 to 1953. It was subdivided into 100 cents. The dollar remained at par with the Straits dollar and its successor the Malayan dollar, the currency of Malaya and Singapore, from its introduction until both currencies were replaced by the Malaya and British Borneo dollar in 1953.
During the Japanese occupation period (1942–1945), paper money was issued in denominations ranging from 1 cent to 1,000 dollars. This currency was fixed at 1 dollar = 1 Japanese yen, compared to a 1:2 pre-war rate. Following the war, the Japanese occupation currency was declared worthless and the previous issues of the Sarawakian dollar regained their value relative to sterling (two shillings four pence).
Coins
All Sarawak coins carry the portrait and the name of one of the three "White Rajahs" of Sarawak, James Brooke until 1868, Charles Brooke from 1868 to 1917, and Charles Vyner Brooke from 1917 to the end of this currency in 1938. Throughout the history of the Sarawak dollar, coins were minted in values of cent, cent, 1 cent, 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents, and 50 cents. The copper was the smallest denomination and the first to be discontinued, last being issued in 1896. The was also always copper and after reductions in size was eventually discontinued in 1933. Starting in 1892 1 cent coins had a hole in the centre, but the holed design was discontinued after 1897.
In 1920 the 1 cent coin was struck in copper-nickel but later reverted to bronze in 1927. The 5 and 10 cent coins were 80% silver until 1920, when they were briefly reduced to 40% silver and then replaced by copper-nickel the same year. The 20 and 50 cent coins remained silver but in 1920 were reduced from 80% to 40%.
Banknotes
The first series was issued by the Sarawak Government Treasury. They were hand-stamped notes of low quality. All later notes were issued by the Government of Sarawak except for the 10-cent and 25-cent notes in 1919 (by the Treasury again). Throughout its history, banknotes came in the values of 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents, 25 cents, 50 cents, $1, $5, $10, $25, $50, and $100.
See also
British North Borneo dollar
References
External links
Coins from Sarawak
1858 establishments in Sarawak
1953 disestablishments
Currencies of Malaysia
Currencies of the British Empire
Dollar
Raj of Sarawak
Modern obsolete currencies
Obsolete currencies in Malaysian history
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawak%20dollar
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John Alexander Mackie (23 February 1903 – June 1984) was an Irish footballer who played as a right-back for various clubs, including Arsenal and Portsmouth in the English Football League.
Career
Born in Monkstown, County Antrim, Mackie started out at Monkstown and Forth River in Belfast, before being spotted by Arsenal in 1922.
It is suggested in many reports that Mackie demanded a pet monkey in place of a signing-on fee, a request Arsenal managed to satisfy thanks to chairman Sir Henry Norris's contacts in international trade. However, a re-analysis of the sources of this story in 2014 suggests the story is fanciful.
Mackie was a young, strong right back, and made his debut on 9 December 1922 against Birmingham City. He soon became a regular in the Arsenal side, making 23 league appearances that season and 31 the next. He also made his debut for Ireland, against Wales on 14 April 1923. However, he became injured early on in 1924–25 and missed most of that season. Although Mackie would return to first-team football, managing 35 league appearances in 1925–26, future Arsenal skipper Tom Parker joined in spring 1926 and soon ousted Mackie from the side altogether.
Mackie played two more seasons for Arsenal, mostly in the reserves, before leaving for Portsmouth in 1928. In all, he made 119 appearances for Arsenal, scoring one goal. At Portsmouth, Mackie became a stalwart for the next seven seasons; he made over 250 league appearances for Pompey, and played in two FA Cup Finals – against Bolton Wanderers in 1929 and Manchester City in 1934, losing both. He also won two more caps for Ireland. He left Portsmouth in 1936, and finished his career at non-league Northampton Town and then Sittingbourne. He died in 1984 at the age of 81.
References
1903 births
1984 deaths
Men's association footballers from Northern Ireland
Association footballers from County Antrim
Men's association football fullbacks
Pre-1950 IFA men's international footballers
English Football League players
Arsenal F.C. players
Portsmouth F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Sittingbourne F.C. players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec%20Mackie%20%28Irish%20footballer%29
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Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie (also known as Pooh's Heffalump Halloween: The Movie) is a 2005 American direct-to-video animated fantasy adventure comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and DisneyToon Studios, featuring the characters from Winnie the Pooh franchise and it was the sequel to Pooh's Heffalump Movie. This was the final Winnie the Pooh film to be produced by DisneyToon Studios before they moved to Tinker Bell films.
The film marked voice actor John Fiedler's final appearance as Piglet, as he died in two and a half months before the film's release. He died before completing his voice work, so Travis Oates was brought in to finish the remaining scenes (and received credit for "additional voices") and became Piglet's new official voice actor.
It was followed by a television film produced by Walt Disney Television Animation and Polygon Pictures, Pooh's Super Sleuth Christmas Movie, released on November 20, 2007, an animated feature based on the television series My Friends Tigger & Pooh.
Plot
It is Lumpy's first Halloween with Winnie the Pooh, Roo, and their friends in the Hundred Acre Wood. The group discusses their plans for Halloween and for their first night of trick-or-treating. Tigger tells his friends about the dreaded Gobloon, a monster that comes out every Halloween to search for somebody to catch and will turn them into "jaggedy lanterns" if he catches them, but if the Gobloon is captured first, it will grant its captors one wish; Rabbit does not believe such a creature exists. After Pooh accidentally eats all of the trick-or-treat candy Rabbit collected from the Hundred Acre Wood, Roo and Lumpy set out to capture the Gobloon to wish for more. According to Tigger's directions on the map, they are able to go past the Creepy Cave then down the Slimy Slide and into the Tree of Terror later on. Entering the Creepy Cave, Lumpy and his lunchbox get stuck on some rocks, which leads Lumpy to believe that they're being followed. He desperately wants to go back, but Roo insists that they should press on, and eventually they find the Slimy Slide, and then the Tree of Terror.
When Roo and Lumpy reach the supposed Gobloon's lair, Lumpy loses his courage to catch the Gobloon and wants to go home. So Roo tells him the story from Boo to You Too! Winnie the Pooh, when Piglet was afraid to go trick-or-treating, but gained his courage. Roo believes that if Piglet can conquer his fears, then so can Lumpy. An inspired Lumpy helps Roo set a trap for the Gobloon, but the two end up fleeing once they think the Gobloon is returning. After encountering and fleeing from a mysterious figure (which they think is the Gobloon), Lumpy gets separated from Roo and ends up stuck in the trap they had set for the Gobloon. Lumpy is heartbroken to be alone, as he and Roo had promised to stay together during the adventure. Roo finds a Jack-o'-lantern resembling Lumpy, which makes him think his friend has been caught by the Gobloon and turned into a jaggedy lantern.
Once back with the others, Roo recruits Pooh, Piglet, Tigger, Eeyore and Rabbit (whom were using vegetables after Pooh ate all the halloween candy) to help him capture the Gobloon (much to Rabbit's shock as he realizes that the Gobloon is real) and save Lumpy. The group arrives at the trap and believes the Gobloon is trapped, unaware that it is actually Lumpy. Roo wishes to have his friend Lumpy back, but becomes bitterly saddened when the "Gobloon" doesn't grant his wish. Hearing Roo's voice, Lumpy calls for him, but a loud thunder blocks it, prompting him to break his way out of the trap. Roo and Lumpy are happily reunited.
The group finally goes trick-or-treating and Kanga, who was the mysterious figure from earlier, throws a Halloween party for the friends and gives them candy, complete with Jack-o'-lanterns she had carved in everyone's likenesses. Lumpy's Jack-o'-lantern wasn't there, she explains she made one but must have accidentally dropped it—which turns out to be the Jack-o'-lantern that Roo found. With Lumpy's first Halloween being successful, everyone from the Hundred Acre Wood enjoys the Halloween party.
Voice cast
Jim Cummings as Winnie the Pooh and Tigger
John Fiedler as Piglet (final role)
Steve Schatzberg as Piglet's singing voice (final singing role)
Peter Cullen as Eeyore
Ken Sansom as Rabbit
Kath Soucie as Kanga
Jimmy Bennett as Roo
Michael Gough as Gopher (archive footage)
Kyle Stanger as Lumpy the Heffalump
David Ogden Stiers as The Narrator (final role)
Production
The film was produced by DisneyToon Studios, and Toon City, a start up animation company founded by former Disney Feature Animation Florida employees.
Reception
Cinemagaine rated the film 3 stars.
Home media
The film was released on direct-to-DVD and direct-to-VHS on September 13, 2005. It was later re-released on DVD on September 1, 2009.
Songs
See also
List of Halloween films
References
External links
Winnie-the-Pooh films
2005 animated films
2005 films
2005 direct-to-video films
2000s American animated films
2000s children's fantasy films
Animated adventure films
American animated comedy films
American children's animated adventure films
American children's animated comedy films
American mystery films
American films with live action and animation
2000s adventure comedy films
2000s children's comedy films
Direct-to-video sequel films
Direct-to-video adventure films
Animated films about elephants
Disney direct-to-video animated films
DisneyToon Studios animated films
2000s mystery films
2000s fantasy comedy films
Winnie the Pooh (franchise)
Films scored by Mark Watters
Films with screenplays by Evan Spiliotopoulos
Walt Disney Pictures films
2005 directorial debut films
2005 comedy films
2000s children's animated films
2000s English-language films
Animated films about Halloween
Films based on multiple works
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pooh%27s%20Heffalump%20Halloween%20Movie
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Barkston Ash was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, named after the meeting-place at the village of Barkston. It included the parishes of Birkin, Bramham cum Oglethorpe, Brayton, Drax, Kirk Fenton, Ledsham, Monk Fryston, Saxton with Scarthingwell and Sherburn-in-Elmet and parts of Brotherton, Kirkby Wharfe, Ryther, Snaith and Tadcaster.
References
Wapentakes of the West Riding of Yorkshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barkston%20Ash%20Wapentake
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Fruängen (Wife Meadow) is a district of the Hägersten-Liljeholmen borough in Söderort, the southern suburban part of Stockholm. It was built in the early 1950s.
All the streets are named after famous Swedish women like Agnes Lagerstedt, Anna Sandström, Karolina Widerström, Ellen Fries, Ellen Key, Elsa Beskow, Elin Wägner, Elsa Borg, Elsa Brändström, Eva Bonnier, Fredrika Bremer, Hanna Pauli, Hanna Rydh, Jenny Nyström, Karin Boye, Kata Dalström, Kerstin Hesselgren, Lina Sandell and Jenny Lind.
A number of famous Swedes come from Fruängen. Examples include Gunnel Fred, Rolf Ridderwall, Fredde Granberg, Tomas Andersson Wij, Pontus Enhörning, Susanne Ljung and script writer Lars Lundström.
The name Fruängen translates as lady's or ladies' meadow or possibly Our Lady's meadow. According to one source, Fruängen was the name of a torp (croft), while another source states the name is constructed as an analogy to the city borough Härrängen (master's meadow or lord's meadow) which is named after another croft.
See also
Fruängen metro station
References
Districts of Stockholm
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fru%C3%A4ngen
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Arto Kalevi Härkönen (born 31 January 1959, in Helsinki) is a retired Finnish javelin thrower. He won the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics, with a throw of 86.76 metres.
International competitions
References
1959 births
Living people
Athletes from Helsinki
Finnish male javelin throwers
Finnish evangelists
Olympic athletes for Finland
Olympic gold medalists for Finland
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade silver medalists for Finland
Medalists at the 1979 Summer Universiade
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arto%20H%C3%A4rk%C3%B6nen
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Tolfa is a town and comune of the Metropolitan City of Rome, in the Lazio region of central Italy; it lies to the ENE of Civitavecchia by road.
It is the main center in the Monti della Tolfa, an extinct volcanic group between Civitavecchia and the Lake of Bracciano.
History
A town of medieval origin in the orbit of Viterbo, it was assumed into the Papal States and granted first to the Capocci family, and then to the Roman nobles Ludovico and Pietro Frangipani who walled the community. Tolfa achieved sudden importance following the discovery there in 1461 of large deposits of alunite, the source of alum, with the result that direct control was assumed, after some confrontations with the Frangipani, by the Camera Apostolica. Alum was an essential mordant in the textile industry, which was central to the Late Medieval and Early Modern Italian economy. Previously, the only supplies of alum were imported from the East, from sources controlled by the Ottoman Turks, through Venice, which profited greatly. Suddenly, the monopoly of alum shifted to the Papacy, which controlled Tolfa; Pope Pius II placed its distribution solely in the hands of the Medici, with the explicit thought that the income from this monopoly should be devoted to the Christian res publica as the infidel Turk, elated by his victories, threatened to devour Christendom. Later, the monopoly in extraction of alum at Tolfa passed as a papal gift to Agostino Chigi.
In 1530, Pope Clement VII granted the status of comune to Tolfa, which had outgrown its medieval walls. In later times, Tolfa continued to be supported by the extraction of alum. Near the mine, the workmen's village of Allumiere was built; it became an autonomous comune in 1826.
Main sights
Remains of the walls and of the Frangipani castle (Rocca di Tolfa), destroyed by the French troops in 1799 after the city had rebelled against the Roman Republic.
Town Hall, housing a collection of Etruscan and Roman antiquities discovered nearby.
Church of Sant'Egidio Abate
Convent of the Augustinians (early 16th century), now housing the communal library and civic museum.
Convent of the Capuchin Order (1621).
Castle Rota
Film locations
In the TV series, Medici: Masters of Florence, Castle Rota is both Francesco Sforza's army camp and the village where Lorenzo finds the mercenary Ferzetti.
Twin towns
Dingle, Ireland
Għajnsielem, Malta
Salobreña, Spain
Slovenske Konjice, Slovenia
Notes
External links
Archeological sites
Cities and towns in Lazio
Hilltowns in Lazio
Castles in Italy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolfa
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Jalan Seremban-Kuala Pilah or Federal Route 51 is the main federal road in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, connecting Seremban to Kuala Pilah. It is a relatively busy road in Negeri Sembilan.
Route background
The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 51 is located at Seremban, at its interchange with the Federal Route 1, the main trunk road of the central of Peninsular Malaysia. The road then meets up with Federal Route 97 at Ampangan and Paroi. The Federal Route 51 then meets LEKAS Highway and Persiaran Senawang 1 as a multi-level stack interchange. The road then cuts through the Titiwangsa Mountains at Bukit Putus, acting as a mountain pass, where the road splits into 2 with Jalan Lama Bukit Putus taking the old section and taking the new section of the road until Ulu Bendul.
After both roads meet up at Ulu Bendul, the road passes through Ulu Bendul, a protected nature reserve and trail along with a village with the same name. The road then becomes the backbone for serving Seri Menanti at Terachi and Tanjung Ipoh , and Ampang Tinggi. At the end of the Federal Route 51, the road meets Karak-Tampin Highway at the downtown of Kuala Pilah.
History
The road was constructed by the British in the 1920s.
Features
The 48-metre tall Bukit Putus Viaduct is the fourth highest bridge in Malaysia, behind Bukit Kukus Paired Road and Viaduct in Penang, Rawang Bypass in Selangor and Lojing Viaduct in Kelantan.
At most sections, the Federal Route 51 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, with a speed limit of 90 km/h.
There is one alternate route: Bukit Putus Bypass (Jalan Lama Bukit Putus ).
Bukit Putus section replacement bypass
The section of the Federal Route 51 from Paroi to Ulu Bendul known as Jalan Bukit Putus is notorious for its narrow and dangerous sharp corners. Construction of the new 6.7 km bypass including Bukit Putus Viaduct replacing the old narrow road started on 2006 and was completed in early 2009. In November 2009 the bypass was opened to traffic. The old route was re-gazetted as the Jalan Lama Bukit Putus .
List of junctions and towns
References
Malaysian Federal Roads
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia%20Federal%20Route%2051
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Olle Adolphson (2 May 1934, in Stockholm – 10 March 2004, in Stockholm) was a Swedish writer, singer and songwriter. He released a range of books (Aubade, Foliá), LPs (En stol på Tegnér, etc.) and CDs (Älskar inte jag dig då, Mässa på svenska språket, etc.).
He was the son of the actor Edvin Adolphson and the actress Mildred Mehle, and the brother of the actress Kristina Adolphson.
Adolphson's theme was, according to himself, "to see the great in small things and the small in big things". Some of his most loved songs follow that description, for example Gustaf Lindströms visa ("The Ballad of Gustaf Lindström", about the human victims of urban renewal), Trubbel ("Trouble", about male disappointments and defeats), Nu har jag fått den jag vill ha ("Now I've got the one I want", about the futility of getting one's wishes), and Sigge Skoog (about the unreliability of memories:
Sigge, can one remember how one has felt, although only pictures remain?
Or have I lied to us both, as I lied you full of tales when we were young?.)
He also equipped most of his songs with catchy tunes which in some cases have made it as instrumental versions. He also sang songs with texts by others, e.g. Beppe Wolgers, Nils Ferlin or Lars Forssell and his own music. Among his most popular songs are "Okända djur" (Unknown Animals), "Mitt eget land" (My Own Land) and "Det gåtfulla folket" ("The Enigmatic People", a song about children) with lyrics by Beppe Wolgers (1950s) and his own "Trubbel" (Trouble).
Adolphson wrote most of his songs in a short period, from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, afterwards turning to film and choir arrangements, but is still regarded as one of the four great Swedish songwriters of the 1900s, together with Birger Sjöberg, Evert Taube and Cornelis Vreeswijk. He was rather sarcastic about the politically engaged singers who followed him in the late 1960s and 1970s, regarding them as too superficial and simplistic, but remained revered by them as a champion of popular culture values and a critic of bureaucratic development and emotional poverty in general.
Dubbel Trubbel, a homage to Olle Adolphson, performed by various Swedish artists, such as Håkan Hellström, Eva Dahlgren, and Frida Hyvönen was released in 2005.
Olle Adolphson's work has been scrutinized in two academic dissertations; from musicological points of view by Frans Mossberg "Visans Kontinuum – studier i Olle Adolphsons musik och framförandekonst" ["The continuum of balladry — studies in the music and performance art of Olle Adolphson"] (2002), and from lyrical perspectives by Charlotte Ullmert "Visan som gåva" ["Song as a gift"] (2004), both at Lund university. Mossberg musicological studies focused on relationships between words and music, from phonetic perspectives, vocal and musical interpretations and content. They were pioneering among the musicological performance studies of the singer songwriter genre in Sweden – the so called "visa". The thesis included a vast database over Adolphson´s recordings and media appearances, as well as analyses of a number of Adolphons songs. It was heavily referred to in the 10 cd box with collected works "Tystnaden smyger som en katt" EMI (2009).
”Visans kontinuum" (The continuum of balladry) were among the earliest musicological studies published online with linked music clips in Sweden. The thesis was used as a foundation for the Olle Adolphson website by mossberg http://www.olleadolphson.se
References
1934 births
2004 deaths
Singers from Stockholm
Swedish male writers
20th-century Swedish male singers
Swedish male songwriters
Litteris et Artibus recipients
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olle%20Adolphson
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Lauria is a town and comune of the province of Potenza, in Basilicata, southern Italy, situated near the borders of Calabria. It is a walled, medieval town on the steep side of a hill, with another portion of municipal territory in the plain below.
It is historically the largest city in the southwestern Lucania region.
History
The original nucleus of the city appeared probably in the 10th century, near the place where later the Sanctuary of Madonna dell'Armo was edificated. However it seems that monastic activity pre-existed in the area, as Lauria just means the "lavra city". The Castle of Lauria, later attributed to Roger of Lauria, was built by Saracens. In the 12th century Lauria was the seat of a Norman fief, which was held by Gibel and then by his son Richard of Lauria, who died in the battle of Benevento on 1266.
His son Roger of Lauria was a famous admiral of the 13th century.
In 1806 the city was destroyed and the population slaughtered by the French soldiers under general André Masséna, as punishment for having supported the Bourbon kings.
Geography
Located in southern Basilicata and included in the Appennino Lucano - Val d'Agri - Lagonegrese National Park, Lauria is a hill town divided into a pair of districts (in italian, "rioni"): the upper one named "rione superiore" (in ancient times, "Castello", because the presence of its castle) and the lower one named "rione inferiore" (formerly "Borgo"). The municipality borders with Castelluccio Superiore, Castelsaraceno, Lagonegro, Laino Borgo, Latronico, Moliterno, Nemoli, Tortora and Trecchina.
Main sights
The remains of the Castle (13th century)
The Sanctuary of the Assunta
The Mother Church of St. Nicholas
The church of St. James (15th century)
The Convent of Immacolata (16th century), with a noteworthy cloister
Transport
Lauria is not served by a near airport, anyway the nearest airport is Salerno-Pontecagnano from Lauria. Other airports are Lamezia Terme and Napoli-Capodichino.
The town is served by the A2 motorway Salerno-Reggio Calabria, at the exits "Lauria Nord" and "Lauria Sud" and, until the closure in 1979, by the Lagonegro–Castrovillari-Spezzano Albanese railway.
People
Roger of Lauria – admiral
Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria
Domenico Lentini – priest
Rocco Papaleo – actor, film director and singer
Giovanni Pittella – politician
References
External links
Official website
Lauria on comuni-italiani.it
Cities and towns in Basilicata
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauria
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Lonely Runs Both Ways is the twelfth album by bluegrass music group Alison Krauss & Union Station, released November 23, 2004. The album won the band three Grammy Awards in 2006, including Best Country Performance By a Duo or Group with Vocal for the song "Restless", Best Country Instrumental Performance for "Unionhouse Branch", and Best Country Album. The song "A Living Prayer" was honored with the award for Bluegrass Recorded Song of the Year from the Gospel Music Association.
Track listing
Personnel
Alison Krauss – lead vocals, fiddle, viola
Dan Tyminski – lead vocals, background vocals, acoustic guitar, mandolin
Ron Block – background vocals, acoustic guitar, banjo, slide guitar
Jerry Douglas – dobro, lap steel guitar
Barry Bales – background vocals, upright bass
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2004 albums
Alison Krauss & Union Station albums
Rounder Records albums
Grammy Award for Best Country Album
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonely%20Runs%20Both%20Ways
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The Indian yellow-nosed albatross (Thalassarche carteri) is a member of the albatross family, and is the smallest of the mollymawks. In 2004, BirdLife International split this species from the Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross; however Clements has not split it yet, and the SACC has not either, but recognises the need for a proposal.
Taxonomy
Mollymawks are a type of albatross that belong to the family Diomedeidae of the order Procellariiformes, along with shearwaters, fulmars, storm petrels, and diving petrels. They share certain identifying features. They have nasal passages called naricorns attached to the upper bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates. They make a stomach oil made of wax esters and triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus. This is used against predators and as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights. They have a salt gland above the nasal passage. It helps desalinate their bodies, due to the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe. The type-specimen is a black-beaked juvenile, which has caused confusion over its status until recently.
Description
The Indian yellow-nosed albatross weighs , is long and is across the wings. The adult has a pale grey or white head and nape, with a dark grey mantle, upperwing, and tail. Its rump and underparts are white, and its underwing is white with a black tip with a narrow black margin at the leading edge. Its bill is black with a yellow upper ridge and a red tip. The juvenile has a white head and all black bill. It is difficult to distinguish from the closely related grey-headed albatross and Atlantic yellow-nosed albatross, the latter with which it was long considered conspecific and is still considered by some a subspecies of. It can be distinguished from the Atlantic yellow-nosed by its head, the grey plumage of which is lighter on the Indian yellow-nosed.
Behaviour
Reproduction
Like all albatrosses, the Indian yellow-nosed albatross is a colonial breeder. It breeds annually, and the adults begin breeding at the age of eight years. A mud nest is built in bare rocky areas or in tussock grass or ferns, and a single egg is laid. The nesting season begins in August, with laying occurring around September/October. Incubation lasts around 70 days. After hatching the chick takes around 115 days to fledge.
Feeding
It feeds on fish, crustaceans and cephalopods.
Range and habitat
It breeds on Prince Edward Islands, the Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Island, Amsterdam Island (on the Falaises d'Entrecasteaux) and St Paul Islands in the Indian Ocean. When feeding during incubation, birds will forage up to from the colony. At sea it ranges from South Africa to the Pacific Ocean just beyond New Zealand, ranging from 30° S to 50° S.
Conservation
It is considered to be an endangered species by the IUCN, due to dramatic declines in the last seventy years, caused by interactions with longline fisheries and the outbreak of introduced diseases, such as avian cholera and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.
It has an occurrence range of and a breeding range of . A 2004 population estimate established that around a total of 65,000 adult birds are alive. This is based on earlier counts as follows: 27,000 breeding pairs breed on Amsterdam Island, and 7,500 pair on Prince Edward Island, 7,030 on Crozet Island, 50 on Kerguelen Island, and 3 pair on St. Paul Island for a total of 41,580 pair or 83,000 mature individuals. Take into account decreasing trends for the stated number.
Monitoring of the birds and studying of its foraging is an ongoing project on Amsterdam Island, and Prince Edward Islands is a nature preserve. A vaccination has been developed but remains untested. Finally, in 2006, the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission adopted a measure to require longline boats to use a bird streamer south of 30°S, and South Africa requires its boats to use a variety of mitigation processes.
Footnotes
References
Weimerskirch, H. (2008) in litt.
External links
BirdLife Species Factsheet.
ARKive - images and movies of the Indian yellow-nosed albatross (Thalassarche carteri)
Indian yellow-nosed albatross
Birds of the Indian Ocean
Birds of subantarctic islands
Fauna of the Prince Edward Islands
Fauna of the Crozet Islands
Île Amsterdam
Indian yellow-nosed albatross
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20yellow-nosed%20albatross
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Jalan Bukit Fraser 1 or Jalan Gap-Bukit Fraser, Federal Route 56, is a federal road in Fraser's Hill, both in Selangor and Pahang state, Malaysia. Unlike most federal roads in Malaysia, Jalan Bukit Fraser is a single-lane federal road, which direction was used to be reversed hourly before the newer Jalan Bukit Fraser 2 route 148 was completed in 2001 for downhill traffic. Now the road is used for uphill traffic at all times. The road is only open during daytime for safety reasons. It is maintained by the Malaysian Public Works Department (JKR) and the Fraser's Hill Development Corporation (FHDC).
Route background
The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 56 starts at The Gap.
History
The road was constructed by the British on 1919. In 1919, work started on the access road to the hill station from The Gap and by 1922, the hill station named Fraser's Hill was opened to visitors.
Features
Fraser's Hill border marker line between Selangor and Pahang.
At most sections, the Federal Route 56 was built under the JKR R1 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 40 km/h.
List of junctions
The entire route is located within the district of Raub, Pahang. All junctions listed are at-grade intersections unless stated otherwise.
Gallery
References
Malaysian Federal Roads
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia%20Federal%20Route%2056
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The Vata pagan uprising () was a Hungarian rebellion which, in 1046, brought about the overthrow of King Peter Urseolo, the martyrdom of Bishop Gerard of Csanád and the reinstatement of the Árpád dynasty on the Hungarian throne.
Background
Christianity had been introduced in Hungary by the King Stephen I of Hungary. Upon his death in 1038, he was succeeded by his sororal nephew Peter Urseolo, a Venetian noble. Through tax increases, and Urseolo's involvement with foreign powers, he proved to be an unpopular ruler. The Hungarian peasants, still largely pagan, suspected he was intent on bringing Hungary into the fold of the Holy Roman Empire. In a rebellion in 1041, Stephen's brother-in-law Samuel Aba took control of the throne, overthrowing Urseolo. Urseolo fled to Bavaria, in exile allying himself with German king and Holy Roman Emperor Henry III.
In the years that followed, Aba's reign weakened, likely due to opposition from the church, who disliked his catering to pagan beliefs. With support from Henry, Peter Urseolo returned to Hungary in 1044, defeating Aba at the Battle of Ménfő. Urseolo regained the throne, but Hungary became a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire, though it was not to remain so for long. However, his second reign would prove to be even more short-lived than his first.
Rebellion and Vata's mob
Andrew (András in Hungarian), Béla and Levente were the sons of Vazul, cousin of Saint Stephen. During the reign of Samuel Aba, they had fled the country in fear of their lives, Béla to Poland and András and Levente to Kiev. In 1046, András and Levente returned to Újvár (today: Abaújvár) in Hungary from their exile and quickly gained popular support for the throne, especially among the pagan populace, despite the fact that András was Christian (Levente had remained pagan). On their return, a rebellion began, which András and Levente initially supported.
The pagan Vata (or Vatha), lord of the castle of Békés and leader of a Hungarian tribe in Körösvidék (Crișana) was a longstanding enemy of the king. He adopted Christianity to preserve his positions, but continued to practice paganism.
When the opportunity came, he started the uprising of the masses which quickly spread to all of Eastern Hungary. He had the intention of destroying Christianity in Hungary.
King Peter is said to have fled towards Székesfehérvár, where he was killed by the rebellious townspeople, and András, as the oldest brother, pronounced himself king. As András and Levente's men moved towards Pest, the bishops Gerard, Besztrik, Buldi and Beneta gathered to greet them.
In Pest, on September 24, the bishops were attacked by Vata's mob, who began stoning the bishops. Buldi was stoned to death. As the pagans threw rocks at him, Gellért repeatedly made the sign of the cross, which further infuriated the pagans. Gellért was taken up Kelenhegy hill, where he was put into a cart and pushed off a cliff, onto the banks of the Danube. Besztrik and Beneta managed to flee across the river, where Besztrik was injured by pagans before they could be rescued by András and Levente. Only Beneta survived.
Gellért was later canonized for his martyrdom and the hill from which he had been thrown was renamed Gellért Hill. Now in central Budapest, the hill has a monument on the cliff where Gellért, now a patron saint of Hungary, was killed.
Aftermath
The Vatha uprising marked the last major attempt at stopping Christian rule in Hungary. While Andrew had received assistance from pagans in his rise to the throne, he had no plans to abolish Christianity in the kingdom. Once in power he distanced himself from Vatha and the pagans. However, they were not punished for their actions.
References
Sources
1046 in Europe
1046 riots
11th century in Hungary
11th-century rebellions
Pagan restorations
Persecution of Pagans
Revolutions in Hungary
Riots and civil disorder in Hungary
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vata%20pagan%20uprising
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Frederick (Noel) Wilse Bateson (1901 – 1978) was an English literary scholar and critic.
Life
Bateson was born in Cheshire, and educated at Charterhouse and at Trinity College, Oxford, where he took a BA in English (second class), and then the B.Litt., which he completed in 1927. From 1927-29 he held a Commonwealth Fellowship at Harvard, and from 1929 to 1940 he worked in England, editing the Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature, and occasionally lecturing for the Workers Educational Association (WEA). During the Second World War he worked as a statistical officer for the Buckinghamshire War Agricultural Executive.
He is best remembered for his work of the post-war years. In 1951, together with William Wallace Robson, he founded the Oxford journal Essays in Criticism. He edited it until 1972, when he entrusted the editorship to Stephen Wall and Christopher Ricks. Bateson was sceptical of 'scientific' approaches to literary criticism, and of historicist approaches.
He became a fellow of Corpus Christi College in 1963, and was made an Emeritus Fellow on his retirement. In 1931 he married Jan Cancellor; they had two children, a son and a daughter. He died on 16 October 1978.
Bateson is often mis-quoted as having asked the following rhetorical question: The question is a paraphrase by James McLaverty of Bateson's comparison between the spatial presence of the Mona Lisa and the temporal experience of Hamlet and Lycidas. He is noted also for his 1959 essay The English School in a Democracy. He is commemorated in Oxford by the annual Bateson lecture, which is published in Essays in Criticism.
Works
Oxford Poetry (1923) editor
English Comic Drama 1700-1750 (1929)
Works of Congreve (1930) editor
The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (1941) five volumes, to 1957
Towards a Socialist Agriculture (1946) Fabian studies, editor
English Poetry: A Critical Introduction (1950)
Twickenham edition of Alexander Pope, Vol. 3.2, Epistles to Several Persons (Moral Essays) (1951) editor
Wordsworth: A Re-Interpretation (1954)
English poetry and the English Language (1961)
A Guide to English Literature (1963)
A Guide to English and American Literature (1970) with Harrison T. Meserole
The scholar-critic: An introduction to literary research (1972)
Essays in Critical Dissent (1972)
The School for Scandal (1979) editor
References
Notes
Essays in Criticism XXIX (1979) Bateson volume
"Mr F. W. Bateson" (obituary), The Times, 18 Oct. 1978.
1901 births
1978 deaths
Harvard University staff
English literary critics
People educated at Charterhouse School
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
Academic journal editors
Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.%20W.%20Bateson
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This article is about the particular significance of the year 1999 to Wales and its people.
Incumbents
First Secretary - Alun Michael (from 12 May)
Secretary of State for Wales
Alun Michael (until 28 July)
Paul Murphy
Archbishop of Wales
Alwyn Rice Jones, Bishop of St Asaph (retired)
Rowan Williams, Bishop of Monmouth (elected)
Archdruid of the National Eisteddfod of Wales
Dafydd Rowlands (outgoing)
Meirion Evans (incoming)
Events
January
Protesting farmers blockade the north Wales headquarters of supermarket chain Iceland.
Opening of the St David's Hotel in Cardiff Bay, Wales's first 5-star hotel.
February - Outbreak of meningitis in the Pontypridd area.
March - West Wales and the Valleys is designated an Objective 1 region within the European Community.
6 May - 1999 National Assembly for Wales election, the first to be held.
10 May - The Queen attends a gala concert in Cardiff Bay to celebrate the opening of the Welsh Assembly.
12 May - The National Assembly for Wales meets in Cardiff for its first session.
19 May - 'Robbie', probably the last pit pony to work in the U.K. is retired at Pant y Gasseg drift mine, near Pontypool in the South Wales coalfield.
June - Eight children in north Wales are taken ill with E. coli poisoning.
27 June - The Clydach murders: four members of the same family are found bludgeoned to death.
July - Bryncelyn Brewery begins brewing.
December - Hyder cuts 1000 jobs after being forced to make cuts in their charges for electricity and water.
19 December - Charlotte Church makes her debut as a television actress in Heartbeat.
Main construction work on Cardiff Bay Barrage completed.
Arts and literature
Cysgod y Cryman by Islwyn Ffowc Elis (1953) is voted the most significant Welsh language book of the 20th century.
Sir Harry Secombe suffers a second stroke, which forces him to give up his television career.
Mary Hopkin joins The Chieftains on their UK tour.
Dick Francis: A Racing Life, an unauthorised biography, suggests that his books were substantially written by his wife Mary.
Painter Kyffin Williams is knighted for his services to the arts.
September - Swansea Grand Theatre becomes the base for the Ballet Russe company.
Awards
Cardiff Singer of the World - Anja Harteros
Glyndŵr Award - Gillian Clarke
National Eisteddfod of Wales: Chair - Gwenallt Lloyd Ifan
National Eisteddfod of Wales: Crown - Ifor ap Glyn
National Eisteddfod of Wales: Prose Medal - Sonia Edwards
Wales Book of the Year:
English language: Emyr Humphreys - The Gift of a Daughter
Welsh language: R. M. Jones - Ysbryd y Cwlwm: Delwedd y Genedl yn ein Llenyddiaeth
Gwobr Goffa Daniel Owen - Ann Pierce Jones - Fflamio
New books
English language
Richard Booth - My Kingdom of Books
John Davies - The Making of Wales
Paul Ferris - Infidelity
Patrick Hannan - The Welsh Illusion
Craig Thomas - Slipping into Shadow
Welsh language
Grahame Davies - Sefyll yn y Bwlch
Mair Wynn Hughes - Hen Ŵr y Môr
New drama
Greg Cullen - Paul Robeson Knew My Father (play)
Music
Gillian Elisa - Haul ar Nos Hir (album)
Gorky's Zygotic Mynci - Spanish Dance Troupe (album)
Karl Jenkins - The Armed Man: a Mass for Peace
Film
Catherine Zeta-Jones co-stars in Entrapment.
Welsh-language films
Cymer Dy Siâr
Porc Pei (Pork Pie)
Solomon a Gaenor, starring Ioan Gruffudd
Broadcasting
May - Huw Edwards begins presenting the BBC Six O'Clock News.
Welsh-language television
Y Palmant Aur (drama)
Yno o hyd (documentary)
Tri Tenor - Gala concert with performances by Welsh tenors Gwyn Hughes Jones, Rhys Meirion and Timothy Richards
Catrin Finch (documentary)
Ponteifi (sitcom)
English-language television
Sea of Troubles (documentary)
House of the Future (documentary by Malcolm Parry)
Barry Welsh is Coming (winner of the BAFTA Wales Award for Light Entertainment)
Belonging (BBC Wales)
The Big Picture (presented by Peter Lord)
Sport
BBC Wales Sports Personality of the Year – Colin Jackson
Football
UWIC Inter Cardiff are Welsh Cup winners after beating Carmarthen Town on penalties.
Barry Town win their fourth successive League of Wales title.
Winners of the three divisions in the Welsh Football League are: Ton Pentre (Division 1), Penrhiwceiber Rangers (Division 2) & Caerleon (Division 3).
Flexsys Cefn Druids are champions of the Cymru Alliance.
AFC Llwydcoed and Garden Village are promoted to the Welsh Football League.
Rugby
The Rugby Union World Cup is hosted by Wales, with the final being held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, on 6 November. The winning team is Australia.
Snooker
Mark Williams wins the Welsh Open tournament in Cardiff.
Mark Williams wins the UK Championship for the first time, defeating Matthew Stevens in an all-Welsh final.
Births
12 January - Tyler Roberts, footballer
23 June - Cai Evans, rugby player
15 October - Ben Woodburn, footballer
Deaths
3 February (in London) - Alfred Janes, artist, 87
8 February - Meredith Edwards, actor, 81
16 February - Don Hayward, Wales and British Lions international rugby player, 73
17 February - John Lansdown, computer graphics pioneer, 70
4 April - Raymond Davies Hughes, RAF airman and broadcaster, 75
11 April - Alan Evans, darts player, 49
6 May - Johnny Morris, television presenter, 82
11 May - Robert Thomas, sculptor, 72
12 July - Guy Griffiths, pilot, 84
16 July - Barri Jones, classical scholar and archaeologist, 63
5 September - Ivor Roberts, former TWW presenter, 74
22 September - Clive Jenkins, trade union leader, 73
24 October - Howard Griffiths, screenwriter, 64
15 November - Sir Harry Llewellyn, equestrian champion, 88
27 November - Ernest Zobole, artist, 72
6 December - Gwyn Jones, writer, 92
19 December - Desmond Llewelyn, actor, 85 (car accident)
23 December - Eirene White, politician, 90
See also
1999 in Northern Ireland
References
Wales
1999 in Europe
1990s in Wales
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20in%20Wales
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Lovere (Bergamasque: ) is a town and comune in the province of Bergamo, in Lombardy, northern Italy, at the northwest end of Lake Iseo.
The houses in the city have overhanging wooden roofs, typical of Switzerland, combined with the heavy stone arcades of Italy. It lies on a lake and is flanked by a semicircle of mountains. It is a member of the I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy") association. In 2018, Lovere was the only Lombardy town to finish in the top 20 of Italy's most beautiful towns.
History
The first known settlement in the Lovere area dates to the 5th and 4th century BC, being of Celtic origin. Later it was conquered by the Romans, attracted by its strategic position location between the Val Camonica and the Val Cavallina, as well as for its transport potential on the Lake Iseo.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire it was ruled by the Lombards and the Franks. Given to the monks of the Marmoutier Abbey, it was sold to the Bishops of Bergamo, who, at the time of the Guelphs and Ghibellines struggle, were in turn replaced by the Celeri family. The fights lasted until the mid-15th century, when the territory was conquered by the Republic of Venice, whose rule lasted until the French invasion in 1797.
The English aristocrat and writer Lady Mary Wortley Montagu spent ten years of her life on the shores of Lake Iseo.
Main sights
Santa Maria in Valvendra, a parish church built initially in Gothic style before 1473, then replaced by Renaissance forms. It has with a nave and two aisles, and houses works by Gian Paolo Cavagna, Domenico Carpinoni and Piero Marone.
Palazzo Tadini, a palace and art gallery including paintings by Barbelli, Il Cerano, Pietro Damini, Jacopo Ligozzi, CF Nuvolone, Santo Prunati, Pietro Ricchi, Elisabetta Sirani, Paris Bordone, Ceruti, Cifrondi, Luigi Frisoni, Fra' Galgario, GD Tiepolo, Francesco Zugno and others. Paintings from the 19th century include works by Eduardo Arroyo, Bengt Lindstrom, Emilio Vedova and others. The palace is also home to marble sculptures by Benzoni, Johann Weigel, Andrea Chierici, Luciano Zambetti and Canova. The museum also contains a collection of terracotta, porcelain, antique armor and armaments, and furniture. Palazzo Tadini houses also a zoological collection.
San Giorgio church, dating from 1263, although mostly rebuilt in the mid-15th century. It houses a Last Supper by Cavagana and Trinity with the Virgin by Palma the Younger.
Santa Chiara, a Clarissan monastery built in the early 16th century. It has some works by Sebastiano Conca.
San Martino oratory, dated by some to the 9th century, and including some recently rediscovered frescoes in the apse.
Castelliere, an ancient fortification, some portions of which date from the 3rd century BC.
Economy
Lovere possesses a metallurgic plant, Lucchini RS, which employs about 1300 people and specializes in the manufacture of railroad wheels and axles.
People
1906 Medicine Nobel Prize Camillo Golgi studied in Lovere's Liceo Classico. Giacomo Agostini, all-time leader in victories in motorcycle Grand Prix history, was born in Lovere in 1942. Leading cinema critic and RAI author Enrico Ghezzi was born in Lovere in 1952.
Eros Cerutti studied at Liceo Decio Celeri before emigrating to the USA where he became President of Stella D'Oro Biscuit Company which became the largest manufacturers of Breadsticks in the world.
The alpine skiers Elena, Nadia and Sabrina Fanchini also come from Lovere.
External links
Borghitalia website
Enciclopedia De Agostini
Regione Lombardia
References
Borghi più belli d'Italia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovere
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The HeS 30 (HeS - Heinkel Strahltriebwerke) was an early jet engine, originally designed by Adolf Müller at Junkers, but eventually built and tested at Heinkel. It was possibly the best of the "Class I" engines, a class that included the more famous BMW 003 and Junkers Jumo 004. As it started somewhat later than these two designs, and was thus expected to enter service later, the Reichluftfahrtministerium (RLM) ordered Heinkel to stop work on the design and put their efforts into more advanced designs.
The HeS 30 was designed before the RLM introduced standardized naming for their engine projects. It was assigned the official name 109-006, and it was sometimes called the HeS 006 as a short form. Development ended just as these names were being introduced, so "HeS 30" naming is much more common.
Design and development
The move
Herbert Wagner started engine developments at Junkers in 1936, placing Adolf Müller in overall charge of the project. In 1938 Junkers purchased Junkers Motoren (Jumo), formerly a separate company. In October 1939, under pressure from the RLM, Junkers moved all their engine work to Jumo's Dessau factories from their main plants at Magdeburg. Müller would have ended up in a subordinate role after the move, but decided to leave instead. He and about half of the original Junkers team were scooped up by Ernst Heinkel and moved to his primary Heinkel-Nord campus in Rostock-Schmarl, where Hans von Ohain was working on the Heinkel HeS 3 engine.
Of all of the designs Müller brought with him, the HeS 30 was simplest and easiest to build. Müller had already built a test engine while still at Junkers, however it was only able to run at about half its designed RPM, which limited compression and required a continuous supply of external compressed air. Junkers abandoned the design when Müller left, choosing to develop the Jumo team's simpler design instead. Müller promised Heinkel he could have the engine up and running on a testbed within one year of completing the move, a promise he was ultimately unable to keep.
Key to the engine's working cycle was an axial compressor of then-unique construction. Most German engines of the era had the stators do all of the actual compression, with the rotors speeding up the air for them to compress. In the HeS 30, the rotor and stators shared compression about 50-50, a design originally provided by Rudolph Friedrich of Junkers. Overall the engine had a five-stage compressor providing air at a compression ratio of 3:1 to ten flame cans, which powered a single-stage turbine. The turbine was also unique for the era, using a set of guide vanes that were adjustable for various operating speeds. Like most German axial engines, the engine also included a variable-geometry exhaust cone to lower back pressure when starting, but used an electric starter motor instead of the Riedel piston engine built into both the BMW 003 and Jumo 004.
Argument and resignation
Due to the move, it took considerable time for the team to restart work on the design, and even though three experimental engines were ordered as the 109-006 in 1939, it was not until May 1942 the first engine actually ran. In addition to problems with the move, the compressor turned out to provide more mass flow than initially suspected, forcing a redesign of the turbine. To add to the problems, Müller and Heinkel had an argument in May that eventually led to Müller resigning.
Work on the engine continued, and by October it was running at full speed. Of all of the early engines, the HeS 30 was by far the best design. It produced a thrust of 860 kg (1,895 lb), almost equidistant between the BMW 003's 800 kg (1,780 lb) and the Jumo 004's higher 900 kg (1,980 lb), but weighed only 390 kg (860 lb), providing a much better power-to-weight ratio than the dry weights of either the 003 at 562 kg (1,240 lb) or the 004 at 720 kg (1,585 lb). The HeS 30 concept also had better specific fuel consumption and was also smaller in cross-section. It has been said its overall performance was not matched until 1947.
Cancellation
Helmut Schelp, in charge of engine development at the RLM, refused to give Heinkel a production contract, an event Hans von Ohain claims brought Ernst Heinkel near tears. Schelp noted that while the design was excellent, BMW and Jumo were so far ahead they simply did not need another "Class I" engine – something that would prove ironic in another two years when both of those engines were still not operational. It also appears he had some misgivings about the compressor arrangement, but if this was the case it was never official. He also cancelled von Ohain's Heinkel HeS 8 at the same time.
Instead of yet another Class I engine, Schelp asked Heinkel to continue work on a Class II engine of about 1,300 kg thrust, which would be needed for reasonably sized single-engine fighters, and as a useful addition to twin-engine bombers. Thus work on the HeS 30 and HeS 8 ended, and Heinkel turned, grudgingly, to the Heinkel HeS 011, which would not enter production before the war ended. The remains of Müller's team were then moved to the Heinkel-Hirth plants to work on the new engine.
Starting some time in 1940 or '41, the basic mechanical layout of the HeS 30 was also used on an experimental constant-volume engine known as the Heinkel HeS 40.
Specifications
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Spanish-language site with HeS 30 engine details
Heinkel aircraft engines
1940s turbojet engines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinkel%20HeS%2030
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Claro was a wapentake of the West Riding of Yorkshire, England. It was split into two divisions. The Upper Division included the parishes of Farnham, Fewston, Hampsthwaite, Kirkby Malzeard and Pannal and parts of Aldborough, Knaresborough, Otley, Little Ouseburn, Ripley, Ripon, Wetherby and Whixley, many of which formed exclaves. The Lower Division included the parishes of Allerton Mauleverer, Goldsborough, Hunsingore, Kirk Deighton, Kirkby Overblow, Leathley, Spofforth with Stockeld, Weston and parts of Addingham, Aldborough, Harewood, Ilkley, Kirk Hammerton, Otley, Ripley and Whixley.
At the time of the Domesday Book the wapentake was known as Burghshire, named from its meeting place at Aldborough. In the 12th century the name was changed to Claro, from Claro Hill near Coneythorpe, presumably its meeting place.
Claro wapentake is exceptional because it is one of the few hundreds or wapentakes to have divisions with exclaves. The historic reasons for the situation are obscure but are likely based on patterns of settlement and transportation.
The area of the wapentake now falls almost entirely within the district of Harrogate in North Yorkshire.
References
Wapentakes of the West Riding of Yorkshire
Borough of Harrogate
History of North Yorkshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claro%20Wapentake
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Stewartstown is a village in Northern Ireland, close to the western shore of Lough Neagh, about from Cookstown, from Coalisland and from Dungannon. Established by Scottish Planters early in the 17th century, its population peaked before the Great Famine of the 1840s at over 1000. In the 2011 Census the town had a population of 650 people. Formerly in the historic County Tyrone, today it is in local-government district of Mid Ulster.
History
17th century
Stewartstown derives its name from Andrew Steuart (or Stewart), Lord Ochiltree, from Ayrshire in Scotland to whom in the Ulster Plantation James I of England (VI of Scotland) granted the surrounding district. In 1608, with a party of just 33 retainers from Scotland, Ochiltree erected a strong bawn of limestone overlooking Lough Roughan (converted by his son Andrew Steuart into a castle) and laid the foundation of a village. The Irish name for Stewartstown, An Chraobh (the branch tree) can figuratively apply to a fort or mansion and is preserved in the name Crew Hill just north of the town.
Following Ochiltree's death in 1629, Roughan Castle and estate passed in succession to Robert Stewart of Irry, a cousin related through both his mother and his (first) wife to the Irish O'Neills. During the 1641 Rising he was appointed to a rebel command under Sir Felim O'Neill of Kinard but in the unfolding War of the Three Kingdoms switched alliances taking a commission from Charles II.
As had the great Hugh O'Neill after the Nine Years War (en route in 1607 in what became known as the Flight of the Earls), at the end of the Cromwellian reconquest of Ireland in 1653 Felim O’Neill took shelter on an old crannog in Lough Roughan. There he was betrayed and captured, with many of his followers drowning in the lough waters.
On the shores of the same lough, the army of James II encamped on their march to Derry in 1689. Following their defeat, in 1694 the Anglican (Church of Ireland) parish church, St Patrick, was built out of the forfeited impropriations by order of William III.
18th century
In 1784, during the American War of Independence, the Irish Volunteer supported (Masonic) Yankee Club of Stewartstown voted an address to George Washington composed by the Presbyterian minister Thomas Ledlie Birch. It expressed their joy that the Americans had succeeded in throwing off "the yoke of slavery" and suggested that their exertions had "shed a benign light on the distressed Kingdom of Ireland". Washington returned his thanks.
While patriotic sentiment in favour reform surged again following news of revolution in France, the only action associated with the United Irish insurrection of 1798 witnessed in Stewardstown occurred the previous July. Largely Anglican and Orange Order local yeomanry (joined in the heat of the battle by English and Scottish Fencibles), attacked members of the Kerry Militia, Catholic conscripts whom the government had sought to billet in the village. Several fell on either side. The Kerrymen's final stand is commemorated today by "Kerry House" in North Street and by a headstone erected for "Sergeant Mahoney and privates of the Kerry Militia" in the Roman Catholic graveyard.
19th century
In 1837, Samuel Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of Ireland described Stewartstown as "a highly respectable and flourishing little market-town":The town consists of a spacious square and three principal streets, well-arranged, and the houses well-built of stone and roofed with slate - many of the habitations are large and handsome, several of modern erection, and the whole place has an appearance of cheerfulness and prosperity. The market-house, a handsome building, stands in the centre of the town. Petty sessions are held on alternate Tuesdays, and a court monthly for the manor of Castle-Stewart, in which debts to the amount of 40s. are recoverable. The town at one time carried on an extensive trade in the manufacture of linen and union cloth, and there is still business done of some consideration in this branch; and likewise in lime, quarried in the neighbourhood. The town derives a good inland business for the supply of the neighbourhood, and additional advantages from its situation as a place of thoroughfare.
A new Catholic Church, St Mary's, had just been completed in the then largely Protestant town (replacing a thatched chapel built on the site of an old quarry). Two miles distant there was "an extensive and improved demesne, with a fine park, is Stewart Hall, the seat of Earl Castle-Stewart, who derives his titles of Baron and Earl from this place".
In 1910, the Belfast and Ulster Towns Directory recorded a market town whose 699 inhabitants had their own railway station [closed in 1956] and post office, and six places of worship (3 Church of Ireland, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Wesleyan, and 1 Roman Catholic). Before the onset in the 1840s of the Great Famine and the accelerated emigration that followed, the town had a recorded population (1841) of 1,082.
The land about Stewartstown was fertile and crop yields were high. Full use was made of local limestone, burnt and fed to the land with peat rubble and farmyard dung. But even with the Ulster [tenant-right] Custom, little interest was secured in the land by those who worked it. St Patrick's Church records reveal that it was only after tenant purchase under the Land Acts at the end of the 19th century, that there is inter-generational continuity in the occupation of farms. They also note the departure of the people living in the big houses for Dublin and London because they were no longer drawing local rent.
20th century
The World War I Cenotaph in the village Square lists 28 district dead, the majority having served with the Irish regiments, the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and the Royal Irish Rifles.
After the war, the area saw action by the Irish Republican Army. In 1922 they burned Roxborough Castle in Moy, County Tyrone, the seat of the Earls of Charlemont James Edward Caulfeild, 8th Viscount Charlemont, the former Viceroy of a now partitioned Ireland, then used Drumcairne House outside Stewartstown for his occasional visits to the county. A fine late Georgian structure overlooking Coney Island in Lough Neagh, its comparative modesty illustrated the declining presence and importance of the once Ascendant landed families
Over the thirty years from the late 1960s of The Troubles in Northern Ireland at least four people were killed in or near Stewartstown: in 1972 Loyalists bombed the Imperial Bar killing a local Catholic woman; in 1974 the Provisional Irish Republican Army killed two British soldiers with booby trap bomb at an electricity sub-station; and in 1990 Loyalists shot and killed a local man, a Catholic, as he worked on a car in his garage on North Street. After the 1998 Good Friday peace accords, in July 2000 dissident republicans exploded a car bomb outside the police station in Stewartstown. No one was injured. The station closed in 2008.
The village was administered by Tyrone County Council from 1899 until the abolition of county councils in Northern Ireland in 1973. It has been within the district of Mid-Ulster since 2011.
Places of interest
Outside the town are the remains of Roughan Castle. It is a small square structure, 3 storeys high encompassing a central tower, flanked by thick rounded towers at each corner which convert to square rooms in the upper floors. An underground passage ran below the castle and the ground floor of each of the towers have several gun loops.
Amenities
Stewartstown has a surgery which serves nearby areas; such as Ardboe, Coalisland, Brockagh, Clonoe and Newmills.
Local schools
Ballytrea Primary School
St. Mary's Primary School, 22 West Street. Catholic maintained primary school
Stewartstown Primary School
Transport
Stewartstown railway station opened on 28 July 1879, closed for passenger traffic on 16 January 1956 and finally closed altogether on 1 June 1958.
Demography
On Census Day (27 March 2011) the usually resident population of Stewartstown Settlement was 650, accounting for 0.04% of the NI total. Of these:
19.54% were aged under 16 years and 15.54% were aged 65 and over
49.38% of the population were male and 50.62% were female
75.85% were from a Catholic background and 23.69% were from a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' background
See also
List of villages in Northern Ireland
List of towns in Northern Ireland
References
Villages in County Tyrone
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewartstown%2C%20County%20Tyrone
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The pharyngeal raphe is a raphe that serves as the origin and insertion for several of the pharyngeal constrictors (thyropharyngeal part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle, superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle). Two sides of the pharyngeal wall are joined posteriorly in the midline by the raphe. Superiorly, it attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle; inferiorly, it extends to the level of vertebra C6 where it blends with the posterior wall of the esophagus.
External links
Illustration (#32)
Human head and neck
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharyngeal%20raphe
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Loreto College is a Roman Catholic sixth form college in Hulme, Manchester, England, based on the educational philosophy of Mary Ward, a 16th-century nun, who founded the Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the congregation of religious sisters who started the college in 1851.
Awards and achievements
Loreto College was rated as "Outstanding in every respect" Ofsted 2010.
Loreto College has also achieved the AoC Beacon Schools Award.
The college has had 5 students gaining places on the Prime Minister's Global Fellowship programme. It achieved its first student in the inaugural year, 2008.
Based on ALP's analysis between 2011 and 2013 (Advanced Level Performance) Loreto College has been placed in the top 1% of colleges nationally.
Highest A-Level Results of any college in Manchester.
Ranked as the first sixth form college in the country for value added, according to Government legal tables, three years on the run.
Manchester Evening News named Loreto as one of "The Best in Britain".
Ofsted recognises that the majority of students achieve Grades A & B at advanced level.
Location
The school is on the western edge of Manchester, near the boundary with Trafford and the Church of St Mary, Hulme. It is accessed via Princess Road, the A5103.
The college campus was redeveloped from 2002 to 2014 when four buildings were constructed. The campus has two smaller buildings, the Chapel which is home to the Art and Design Department and a Sports Hall. Most of learning faculties are situated in the four main buildings on the campus.
Ball Building - Theology, Business Studies, Accounting, Economics, Modern Foreign Languages, Travel and Tourism, History, Geography, Politics, Classical Civilisation and Science.
St. Joseph's Building - Mathematics and Science.
Ward Building - Law, Sociology, Health and Social Care and Psychology.
Sports Hall - Physical Education.
Ellis and Kennedy Building - Library, Graphics, 3D Design, Photography, Media Studies, Film Studies, Music, Music Technology, Dance, Drama, English Language, English Literature, I.C.T. and Computing.
Chapel and Creative Arts Building - Art and Design and Textiles.
Admissions
Loreto College is an oversubscribed college and a priority system exists for applications. Approximately 52% of the students at Loreto College are Roman Catholic but the college is open to all faiths who share the same values of Excellence, Freedom, Internationality, Justice, Sincerity, Truth and Joy.
The hierarchy of priority is:
Pupils from Roman Catholic partnership schools across Greater Manchester (guaranteed a place).
Pupils from other Roman Catholic Schools.
Pupils from Trinity CE High School.
Roman Catholic pupils at Non-Religious Schools.
Pupils from all other Schools.
Pupils studying at Roman Catholic partnership schools in Greater Manchester are guaranteed a place at Loreto if they wish to go. The fifteen Roman Catholic partnership schools are (in order of proximity to Loreto College) are as follows; Loreto High School, Chorlton High School, St Peter's RC High School, The Barlow RC High School, St Paul's RC High School, Our Lady's RC High School, St Matthew's RC High School, St Ambrose Barlow RC High School, Blessed Thomas Holford Catholic College, St Patrick's RC High School, St Monica's High School, St Damian's RC Science College, St Thomas More RC College and St Philip Howard Catholic Voluntary Academy.
Prospective students must also meet GCSE entry requirements to study AS Level or BTEC Qualifications.
Notable people associated with Loreto
Alumni
Chris Bisson, actor
Michael Johnson, footballer (Manchester City)
Micah Richards, footballer (Manchester City)
Jason Manford, comedian
John Harris, columnist (The Guardian)
Mike Kane is MP for Wythenshawe and Sale East (UK Parliament constituency)
Karl Lucas, actor, comedian
Pat McDonagh (1934-2014), fashion designer who became an important figure in Canadian fashion.
Michaela Morgan, author
Matthew Williamson, fashion designer
John Bradley-West, actor (Game of Thrones)
Carla Henry, actress
Joshua Andrew Howard, para-athlete
Hannah Witton, YouTube video creator
Teachers
Pete Postlethwaite (OBE) (1946–2011), formerly Head of Drama at Loreto
See also
Loreto College, St Albans.
Loreto Grammar School in nearby Trafford (known as Loreto Convent).
References
External links
EduBase
Sixth form colleges in Greater Manchester
Education in Manchester
Educational institutions established in 1851
Defunct grammar schools in England
Catholic secondary schools in the Diocese of Salford
Catholic universities and colleges in England
1851 establishments in England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loreto%20College%2C%20Manchester
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Francavilla Fontana (Francavillese: ) is a town and comune (municipality) in the province of Brindisi and region of Apulia, in southern Italy. It is also called the town of the "Imperiali", after the Imperiali, a family of feudal lords who ruled the town from the end of 16th century until the 18th century. With a population of 36,358, in 2017, it is the third municipality of its province after Brindisi and Fasano. Its one of the many towns in south Italy where the Greek dialect Griko is spoken.
History
The name Francavilla has French-Norman origins: "Franca" (tax-free) and "villa" (town). The specification Fontana ("fountain") alludes to a vision of the Virgin Mary witnessed by Prince Filippo d'Angiò, who hence declaring the town a tax-free haven, according to the local legend.
Geography
Francavilla is located in the Altosalento, on the last Murge's hills, and it is equidistant, about , from Taranto and Brindisi. The municipality borders with Ceglie Messapica, Grottaglie, Latiano, Manduria, Oria, San Marzano di San Giuseppe, San Michele Salentino, San Vito dei Normanni, Sava and Villa Castelli.
Main sights
The massive square Castle (Palazzo Imperiali) of the Imperiali family, to whom, with Oria, it was sold by St. Charles Borromeo in the 16th century for 40,000 ounces of gold, which he distributed in one day to poor and plague-infected people in Milan.
Mother Church, built from 1743 over a former Angevine construction.
Torre dell'Orologio (watchtower), built in 1750.
Transport
The town, 18 km east of Taranto-Grottaglie Airport, is served by the SS7 "Appia" highway. The local railway station is a junction point between the lines Taranto–Brindisi, owned by the national company FS, and Martina–Lecce, owned by FSE. It is served by regional and, on the Taranto-Brindisi line, by long-distance trains also.
Sport
The local football club is the Virtus Francavilla, that has its home ground in John Paul II Stadium.
People
Ottaviano Andriani (b. 1974), marathon runner
Cosimo Caliandro (1982–2011), middle-distance runner
Clementina Forleo (b. 1963), judge
Giuseppe Renato Imperiali (1651–1737), cardinal
Michele Imperiali Simeana (1736–1782), prince
Giacomo Leone (b. 1971), long-distance runner
Francesco Ribezzo (b. 8 May 1875, died Lecce, 19 October 1952), glottologist - the science of tongues or languages; comparative philology, particularly the dialect of F. Fontana
Twin towns
San Giovanni al Natisone, Italy
See also
Minor Basilica of the Most Holy Rosary
References
External links
Official website
Cities and towns in Apulia
Localities of Salento
Castles in Italy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francavilla%20Fontana
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Michael J. Koenen (born July 13, 1982) is a former American football punter. He was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2005. He played college football at Western Washington.
Early years
Koenen attended Ferndale High School in Ferndale, Washington, and was a letterman in football, basketball, and soccer. In football, he won All-Northwest League honors as a senior.
College career
Koenen played college football for Western Washington University in Bellingham, Washington, and is one of only three NFL players to have played football for that school. While there, he received numerous Division II All-American honors from sources such as Street & Smith, Lindy's Football Annuals, Don Hanen's Football Gazette, Daktronics, Inc., and D2football.com, as well as being recognized by the NCAA. He was also named a Great Northwest Athletic Conference (GNAC) all-star four times as a placekicker and twice as a punter. He ended his college career as the Western Washington University, GNAC, and Northwest small college all-time leader in kicking scoring with 272 points, including 43 field goals and 143 PATs. He participated in the 2005 Cactus Bowl.
Professional career
Atlanta Falcons
Koenen signed a two-year free agent contract with the Atlanta Falcons on April 26, 2005. He went on to edge out veteran punter Toby Gowin, who had also signed a free agent deal that offseason, for the starting job with the Falcons. He appeared in all sixteen regular season games for the Falcons, punting 78 times for 3,300 yards, which was good for a 42.3 yards per punt average and ninth in the NFC. He also served as the team's kickoff specialist and was seventh in the NFC in yards per kickoff. His 14 touchbacks put him behind only Pro Bowler Neil Rackers.
In the Falcons' October 9, 2005 game against the New England Patriots, they had the ball on New England's 41 yard line with six seconds remaining in the first half. Since regular placekicker Todd Peterson's range was insufficient to attempt a field goal from that distance, Falcons head coach Jim Mora turned to Koenen. Koenen actually attempted the kick, the first field goal attempt in his pro career, twice. Prior to the initial snap, Patriots linebacker Mike Vrabel called a timeout. Koenen heard the referee's whistle but still kicked the field goal. It landed right of the goalpost. A few moments later, Koenen attempted the kick again, and this time made an official 58 yard field goal. It was the longest field goal of Koenen's career at any level, tied for the ninth longest in NFL history (as well as the single longest in the 2005 season), and was the third longest in history by an undrafted kicker.
In the Falcons' first preseason game of 2006, Koenen made four field goals, from 53, 50, 40, and 45 yards, along with doing the punting and kickoff duties. Koenen was slated to do the placekicking, punting, and kickoffs for the Falcons, something that is rarely done in the NFL by one player; however after he converted only two of eight field goal attempts to start the regular season, the Falcons brought back Morten Andersen, who had kicked in Super Bowl XXXIII for Atlanta eight years earlier, to take over field goal duties. Koenen retained his duties on punts and kickoffs.
During the first game after this change, Koenen was involved in an iconic play. The Falcons visited the New Orleans Saints on Monday Night Football in the first home game for the Saints at the Louisiana Superdome since Hurricane Katrina had devastated the city and the stadium. Koenen's first punt of the game was blocked by Saints safety Steve Gleason. Gleason's block bounced into the end zone and was recovered for a touchdown by Curtis Deloatch. The score put New Orleans up 7-0, a game Atlanta would lose 23-3. The moment was widely considered a moment of revitalization for the city of New Orleans after the hurricane, and a statue of the play was later dedicated outside the Superdome in 2012. Gleason, who was diagnosed with ALS in 2011, and Koenen are both depicted in full on the sculpture. Koenen's name and Falcons logos are absent from the statue, due to the Falcons view that including these marks would be inappropriate, though Koenen later stated that he would not have been opposed to his name being included on the statue if he been approached about it. Koenen also reached out to Gleason on Twitter congratulating him.
For the 2007 season, Koenen returned solely as the Falcons' punter; the club signed Billy Cundiff to handle the other kicking duties. Cundiff was released before the season; Matt Prater was signed but also released after a short while, and the placekicking was again done by Andersen.
A restricted free agent in the 2008 offseason, Koenen was tendered a one-year, $1.417 million contract by the Falcons. He re-signed on April 14.
A free agent in the 2009 offseason, the Falcons placed the franchise tag on Koenen on February 9. He signed the one-year, $2.48 million tender offer on February 13.
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Koenen was signed by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to a six-year, $19.5-million contract on July 29, 2011.
Koenen was released at the end of the preseason in September 2015.
Personal life
Koenen, who majored in general studies, has been married to Devin Koenen since July 14, 2006.
References
External links
Tampa Bay Buccaneers bio
WWU Vikings bio
1982 births
Living people
Players of American football from Washington (state)
American football punters
American football placekickers
Western Washington Vikings football players
Atlanta Falcons players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
People from Ferndale, Washington
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Koenen
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Kochanoor is a village in the Thrissur district of Kerala, South India, India. It is situated near the village of Vadakkekad. Before Indian independence, Kochanoor was on the border of the former provinces of Malabar and Thirukochi. It has around 3 thousand of population which contains 80% Muslims and 20% Hindus.
Transport
The nearest railway station is at Guruvayoor.
Cochin International Airport is away.
Calicut International Airport is away.
Nearest town is Kunnamkulam away and District Head Quarters Thrissur is away.
References
External links
Website of Kochanoor
Villages in Thrissur district
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kochanoor
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Reuven Feuerstein (; August 21, 1921 – April 29, 2014) was a Romanian-born Israeli clinical, developmental, and cognitive psychologist, known for his theory of intelligence which states “it is not ‘fixed’, but rather modifiable”. Feuerstein is recognized for his work in developing the theories and applied systems of structural cognitive modifiability, mediated learning experience, cognitive map, deficient cognitive functions, learning propensity assessment device, instrumental enrichment programs, and shaping modifying environments. These interlocked practices provide educators with the skills and tools to systematically develop students’ cognitive functions and operations to build meta-cognition.
Feuerstein was the founder and director of the International Center for the Enhancement of Learning Potential (ICELP) in Jerusalem, Israel. For more than 50 years, Feuerstein's theories and applied systems have been implemented in both clinical and classroom settings internationally, with more than 80 countries applying his work. Feuerstein's theory on the malleability of intelligence has led to more than 2,000 scientific research studies and countless case studies with various learning populations (See bibliography and publication on Feuerstein's work).
Biography
Reuven Feuerstein was one of nine siblings born in Botoșani, Romania. He attended the Teachers College in Bucharest (1940–41) and Onesco College in Bucharest (1942–1944). Feuerstein fled the Nazi invasion before obtaining his degree in psychology. After settling in Mandate Palestine in 1945, he taught child survivors of the Holocaust until 1948. Seeing that these children affected by the Holocaust needed attention, he began a career that attended to the psychological and educational needs of immigrant refugee children.
While attending the University of Geneva, Feuerstein studied under Andre Rey and Jean Piaget. He completed his degrees in both General and Clinical Psychology. During this time there were three main schools of thought, psychoanalysis, behaviorism and Gestalt psychology. He attended lectures given by Karl Jaspers, Carl Jung, Bärbel Inhelder, Marguerite Loosli Uster and Léopold Szondi. In 1970, Feuerstein earned his PhD in developmental psychology at the University of Sorbonne, in France. His major areas of study were Developmental, Clinical, and Cognitive Psychology.
Career and theories
Feuerstein served as Director of Psychological Services of Youth Aliyah in Europe (Immigration for young people), a service that assigned prospective Jewish candidates for emigration from all over the European continent to various educational programs in Israel. In the 1950s he researched Moroccan, Jewish, and Berber children in collaboration with several members of the Genevan school. Upon their arrival, the children were subjected to a series of tests, including IQ tests, achieving poor results that improved whenever Feuerstein interviewed them.
The improvements Feuerstein witnessed in victims after they received extra psychological and educational attention made him question current beliefs regarding the stability of intelligence. "What if intelligence was not a fixed attribute, measurable once and for all? What if intelligence can be taught and was in fact the ability to learn?" (p. 10) Feuerstein elaborated new methods of evaluation as well as new teaching tools, known today as dynamic assessment. education and meeting children's psychological needs in fostering success in school and high intelligence scores. "It was during this period that much of the psychological data was gathered that contributed to my development of concepts of cultural differences and cultural deprivations" Some children who were considered un-teachable were eventually accepted at mainstream schools and learned successfully. This period was also seminal in the development of his working hypothesis concerning low-functioning children and their potential for change.
His interest came from observing the difficulties experienced by the new immigrant students coping with unfamiliar learning environment that he saw as culturally "deprived." He describes culturally "different" children who receive an adequate amount and type of mediated learning experience (MLE) in their native culture and who face the challenges of adapting to a new culture. These children are expected to have good learning potential. On the contrary, culturally "deprived" are those children who were deprived on MLE in their native culture or children who show a reduction in learning potential.
Comparisons have also been made between Feuerstein's theories and those of the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky viewed a child's interaction with the world as mediated by symbolic tools provided by the given culture. Like the social psychologist, Feuerstein gave further insight on cognitive functioning such as logical memory, voluntary attention, categorical perception and self-regulation of behavior. Feuerstein filled a theoretical gap with his theory of Mediated Learning Experience in which he assigns the major role to a human mediator. According to Feuerstein, all learning interactions can be divided into direct learning and mediated learning. Learning mediated by another human being is indispensable for a child because the mediator helps the child develop prerequisites that then make direct learning effective.
The heart of MLE is the theory of structural cognitive modifiability (SCM), which explains the modifiability of deficient cognitive functions. He argued that person's capability to learn is not solely determined by one's genetic make-up; but cognitive enhancement is achieved through mediation. "Cognitive enhancement in SCM refers not merely to the development of specific behavior but also to changes of a 'structural nature'". Feuerstein said he was deeply influenced by Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, with whom he corresponded, and who would refer patients to him.
Unlike previous developmental psychologists, the focus of Feuerstein's theories is the development of normal versus low functioning children. According to Piaget, it is through the normal child's own natural material actions and problem-solving experiences that mind and intelligence eventually evolve toward the development of logic and abstract thinking. Feuerstein illustrates that the key to meaningful instruction for all children, particularly young and low-functioning children, is the mediated relationship.
The cognitive map
Another important conceptual tool of the dynamic assessment process is the need to understand the relationship between the characteristics of the task and the performance of the subject. The cognitive map describes the mental act in terms of several parameters that permit an analysis and interpretation of a subject's performance by locating specific problem areas and producing changes in corresponding dimensions. The manipulation of these parameters becomes highly important in the subject-examiner interaction, by helping the examiner to form and validate hypotheses regarding the subject's performance difficulties.
FIE Standard
The FIE Standard program goal is to correct deficiencies in fundamental thinking skills, and to provide students with the concepts, skills, strategies, operations and techniques necessary to function as independent learners. It aims to increase their motivation, meta-cognition. Deliberately free of specific subject matter, the tasks in the instruments are intended to be transferable (bridged) to all educational and everyday life situations.
To date FIE program has been successfully used across the world in the following frameworks:
Remedial programs for special needs children.
Cognitive rehabilitation of brain injured individuals and psychiatric patients.
Learning enhancement programs for immigrant and cultural minority students.
Enrichment programs for underachieving, regular and gifted children.
Professional training and retraining programs in the industrial, military, and business sectors.
Research on the efficacy of this method has been conducted in several samples including engineers at a Motorola (USA) plant, impoverished students in rural communities (Bahia, Brazil), deaf, non-literate immigrants (Ethiopia), Autistic and Down Syndrome children (Jerusalem), low-performing high school math students (Cleveland, Ohio, USA), weak readers in middle grades (Portland, Oregon, USA), and many other groups. FIE was included into the package of educational reform programs recommended by the US Department of Education . Due to its long history and application, FIE Standard is one of the most researched of the cognitive intervention programs, with over one thousand related publications and hundreds of analyses on the performance of FIE in varied settings and populations. FIE is considered suitable for individuals with disabilities and those who are considered “normal” and “gifted”; cognitive gains are seen in all three categories of students who undertake FIE. The program is designed to help people of all ages, not just students.
FIE-BASIC
In 2000, Feuerstein added FIE-BASIC to prevent learning problems in younger children (3 to 8 years old) and to help low performing older children. Feuerstein claims that learning problems may be prevented through early, developmentally appropriate, intervention as well as the emerging brain research. In order to achieve these goals, an emphasis is placed on a systematic exposure of selected and necessary content areas. Specific skills are mediated and transformed into working concepts that build subsequent learning and development and the process of how to think.
The FIE- BASIC program includes a total of 7 instruments taught over 2–4 years depending on the learner's needs and/or the development of implementation. Each focuses on specific cognitive functions that are the pre-requisites to successful school learning, especially in literacy and mathematics. It is designed to be used in a classroom group setting, for smaller groups of targeted learners, and as a one-to-one therapeutic intervention. The use of the FIE-B can be a preparation for the use of the FIE-Standard (mentioned above), taking students to higher levels of mental processing and cognitive functioning.
Projects throughout the State of Alaska Head Start Program (USA), Holly, Michigan (USA) and in Israel, Britain, Italy, India, and Japan are exploring the applications of the Basic instruments with young children and students with special needs, especially as a way to avoid the over-categorization of students as learning disabled.
Quotes
In 1976, four years before the publication of the first edition of Instrumental Enrichment, the Record, a journal of the NIH-US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, described the "exciting, highly imaginative project by Dr. Feuerstein" then being funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development for showing that "intervention –even in adolescents – is not too late."
NICHD Scientists Prediction– “The program (Instrumental Enrichment) holds great promise for improving learning skills of millions of mildly retarded, culturally disadvantaged adolescents in our school systems and for the more precise identification and placement of children based upon what they can learn rather than what have learned.” (From N.I.H. Record, September 21, 1976, Vol. XXVIII, no. 19)
Michael, J. Begab, Head of the Mental Retardation Research Center of The NICHD, (1980) – “Feuerstein has introduced a determinate of cognitive development that is not part of Piagetian theory and more importantly has converted a descriptive system into a instructional and operational one. The author has achieved this very difficult goal through an unusual blend of talents: clinical acumen and insight of the highest order; a wealth of experience with troubled and handicapped children and youth from diverse cultures; a gift for conceptualization and integration of theory; ingenuity; resourcefulness and open mindfulness; and above all, total commitment to the worth and dignity of all human beings and to their capacity for positive change. Feuerstein has spectacularly bridged the gap from research to practice and provided educators with effective tools for improving the performance of children with a range of learning deficits.” (From Instrumental Erichment (1980)Version)
"Reuven Feuerstein is one of a handful of educational thinkers and practitioners who has made a significant, lasting contribution to our understanding of human learning.” —Howard Gardner, Harvard Graduate School of Education
"A highly innovative and immensely hope-inspiring work. . . . —From the Foreword by John D. Bransford, University of Washington, College of Education
Awards and recognition
1986, Detroit Public Schools, Special Commendation
1990, Médaille d'Or of Aix-les-Bains, France
1990, Médaille d'Or of Nevers, France
1991, Variety Clubs International Humanitarian Award, Vancouver, Canada
1991, Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques, France
1991, Yakir Yerushalaim (Distinguished Citizen of Jerusalem)
1992, New York Academy of Sciences
1992, Israel Prize, for social sciences.
1997, Honor al estudio y la investigacion en el campo de la formación professional. National Organization for Professional Training. Valencia, Spain.
1997, Special Resolution of Commendation, Assembly, State of California, USA
1998, Miembro de honor; Universidad Diego Portales, Chile
1999, Doctorate Honoris Causa, University of Turin, Italy
2009, Doctorate Honoris Causa, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
See also
List of Israel Prize recipients
References
External links
"Reuven Feuerstein - The Man, Method, and Applications"
"Reuven Feuerstein Books and Feuerstein Instrumental Enrichment Student Materials"
"Teaching and Learning Intelligence"
"Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment (FIE) as a Model for School Reform" by Mier Ben-Hur, International Renewal Institute
"Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment Basic" by Meir Ben-Hur, International Renewal Institute
"An Educational Pioneer Who Proved that All Students Can Learn How to Learn In Spite of Their Impulsive Behavior, Disconnected Thinking, and Low Motivation"
"Quality in Education According to the Teachings of Deming and Feuerstein" by Myron Tribus
"Letters from Jerusalem" Myron Tribus diary of attendance at Mediated Learning sessions
"The Application of the Structural Cognitive Modifiability Theory with Learners with Down's Syndrome in an Educational Framework" by Israela Even-Chen
"Teaching Intelligence"
"Reuven Feuerstein: A Man For Peace"
"Advocate for the Mute"- by Aharon Feuerstein, Makor Rishon
Bibliography
Israeli educators
Romanian emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Israeli expatriates in France
Israeli expatriates in Switzerland
Romanian Jews
University of Geneva alumni
University of Paris alumni
Israel Prize in social sciences recipients
People from Botoșani
Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Distinction of Israel
1921 births
2014 deaths
Jews who emigrated to escape Nazism
Burials at Har HaMenuchot
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuven%20Feuerstein
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The Theosophical Society in America (Hargrove branch) was an organization that developed from the Theosophical Society in America.
In 1895 a division occurred between the Theosophical Society Adyar and the Theosophical Society Pasadena, leading William Quan Judge to form a separate organization distinct from the organization based in Adyar, headed by Annie Besant. After the death of Judge, Ernest Temple Hargrove, who was Judge's secretary at the time, found evidence that Judge had intended a successor. In 1898, Katherine Tingley was elected president of the TSA, with Hargrove's initial support. Hargrove later came to disagree with Tingley, and later broke away with roughly 200 other members to form the Theosophical Society in America. A.H. Spencer and later Hargrove became president of this new organization. The society was oriented towards W.Q. Judge's principles. Their headquarters were located in New York City, while Tingley relocated hers to Lomaland in Point Loma, California. In 1906 or 1907 this branch including Hargrove gave Robert Crosbie a deed of foundation to found a lodge in Los Angeles. Hargrove can thus be seen as an obstetrician to the United Lodge of Theosophists. The organization was renamed "The Theosophical Society" in 1908.
Original members of this branch included: Dr. Archibald Keightley and his wife Julia van der Planck (a.k.a. "Jasper Niemand"); Noted Sanskritist Charles Johnston and his wife Vera Jelihovsky Johnston, a niece of Helena Petrovna Blavatsky; Clement Acton Griscom Jr. and his wife Genevieve Ludlow Griscom (a.k.a. "Cavé"); Henry Bedinger Mitchell and his brother John F. B. Mitchell. A number of branches of the organization existed throughout North America, as well as several in the UK, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway, and Venezuela. The publishing arm of this branch, known as The Quarterly Book Department published a great deal of theosophical literature until the late 1930s. Their main publication was the journal The Theosophical Quarterly (1903–1938). The last issue announces the cessation of publication and the onset of a period of "indrawal" of the society. Hargrove died in on April 8, 1939. The last annual convention of this branch was held in New York in 1943, where the members agreed to formally disband and entered into "indrawal".
External links
TS 1875-1925 (681f.)
TS 1875-1950 (p. 279)
Theosophical Society
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophical%20Society%20in%20America%20%28Hargrove%29
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Noli (; ) is a coast comune of Liguria, Italy, in the Province of Savona, it is about southwest of Genoa by rail, about above sea-level. The origin of the name may come from Neapolis, meaning "new city" in Greek.
It is a member of the I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy") association. From 1192 to 1797 Noli was one of the maritime republics, the Republic of Noli.
Geography
The bounding communes of Noli are Finale Ligure, Spotorno and Vezzi Portio.
History
The name Noli, testified in the form Naboli in the oldest documents (between 1004 and 1005), certainly derives from a form of which means "new city" in Byzantine Greek (same etymology as for Naples).
The Republic of Noli was an independent republic from 1193 until 1797. In 1239 it became seat of a bishop; later on the diocese was united with that of Savona as the Diocese of Savona-Noli. The Napoleonic invasion in 1797 put an end to Noli's sovereignty.
Main sights
Romanesque basilica of S. Paragorio (11th century)
Household and annexed Tower (14th-15th century)
San Paragorio (5th–6th century)
Tower and Gate Papone (13th-14th centuries)
Tower of Four Sides.
Nemo's Garden (Noli)
Twin towns — sister cities
Noli is twinned with:
Langenargen, Germany (2005)
Personalities
António de Noli, Italian nobleman and explorer, discoverer of some Guinea territories and Cape Verde islands on behalf of the Portuguese crown. Born in Genoa 1419, "family with origins in Noli or the Castle of Noli".
References
External links
Photographs of Noli
Cities and towns in Liguria
Maritime republics
Borghi più belli d'Italia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noli
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Disney's Beauty and the Beast: A Board Game Adventure is a Disney Beauty and the Beast boardgame adventure for the Game Boy Color.
Gameplay
Reception
IGN gave the game a rating of 6.0 out of 10.
References
1999 video games
Beauty and the Beast (franchise) video games
Game Boy Color games
Game Boy Color-only games
Left Field Productions games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games based on adaptations
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in France
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney%27s%20Beauty%20and%20the%20Beast%3A%20A%20Board%20Game%20Adventure
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The World Series of Darts was a professional darts tournament held from 19 to 21 May 2006 at the Mohegan Sun Casino, in Uncasville, Connecticut. It was the first and only edition of the competition, which was established by the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) to capitalise on the potentially large North American market. It was the second of four PDC non-ranking events in the 2006 season and featured 32 players: 16 American entrants and 16 PDC players. There was a $1,000,000 bonus to the winner of the tournament if they were from the United States.
Phil Taylor, the 13-time world champion, defeated Adrian Lewis 13 legs to five (13–5) in the final, which was the latter's first appearance in the final of a major broadcast tournament. Before his match with Lewis, Taylor defeated qualifier Tim O'Gorman in the first round, Terry Jenkins in the second round, Mark Dudbridge in the quarter-finals and Ronnie Baxter in the semi-finals. John Part, the two-time world champion, made the tournament's highest checkout, a 161 in leg seven of his first round loss to qualifier and American number one John Kuczynski.
Background and format
The World Series of Darts was announced in The New York Times as a "made-for-television darts championship" in October 2005. It was launched in early 2006 by sports promoter and Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) chairperson Barry Hearn, and executive producer Michael Davies. This was done because North America was possibly a large market for darts. The tournament was held from 19 to 21 May 2006, in Uncasville, Connecticut, and was the second of four non-ranking PDC-sanctioned events in the 2006 season. It was the only edition of the competition, which became the US Open in 2007. The competition featured a 32-player main draw held at the Mohegan Sun Casino.
A total of 16 PDC players automatically qualified for the tournament based on their positions in the PDC world rankings following the 2006 PDC World Darts Championship. There were 16 seeds: Colin Lloyd, the world number one, was the first seed and Phil Taylor, the 13-time world champion, was seeded second. There were 12 places decided by a series of qualifying rounds held between 4 February and 19 April at various locations across the United States. The remaining 4 spots were decided in a competition which took place at the Mohegan Sun Resort on 19 May. The maximum number of legs played in a match increased from 11 in the first and second rounds to 17 in the quarter-finals and 21 in the semi-finals, leading up to the best-of-25 legs final.
The tournament was broadcast in the United States on ESPN and ESPN2 as a series of eight one-hour highlight programmes through July to September 2006. In the United Kingdom, Sky Sports broadcast a weekly highlights programme of the event from August to October.
Prize fund
The event had a total prize fund of $300,000 for all PDC entrants; a special $1,000,000 bonus was put up for an American champion because of British dominance in world darts. A PDC player would earn $100,000 for winning the event. The breakdown of prize money is shown below:
US Winner: $1,000,000
PDC Winner: $100,000
Runner-up: $48,000
Semi-final (×2): $20,000
Quarter-final (×4): $10,000
Second-round (×8): $5,000
First round (×16): $2,000
Total: $300,000
Qualification
Entrants in each of the 12 regional qualifying rounds had to be aged 21 or over and be a citizen of the United States. The qualifying events were staged as single-elimination tournaments and featured a total prize fund of $9,600; $800 was available for each competition. All fixtures was best-of-seven legs with the players throwing for the bullseye ring to determine who would play first should a match enter a seventh, game-ending leg. There were four seeds given to the four highest-ranked participants at each competition, based on the Bull's Eye News Pro Rankings.
The two-stage Mohegan Sun tournament "Friday Night Madness" was held late on 19 May. Players had to be citizens of the United States and aged 21 or over; those who were in a previous qualifier could enter. A total of 256 competitors played within a 32-board setup in the arena. The first stage saw players attempt to achieve as low a score as possible in the fewest number of throws. The 16 players with the lowest overall scores including tiebreaks advanced to stage two, which was a single-elimination, bracket system and best-of-seven leg matches with no seeds. The four winners of stage two qualified for the main draw.
Tournament summary
Round 1
The draw for the first round of the championship was conducted by tournament director Tommy Cox as well as Lloyd and Taylor on 27 April. The first round of the competition, in which 32 players participated, took place on 20 May. Lloyd won 6–2 over Isen Veljic on the double 10 ring after losing the first leg to Veljic. Adrian Lewis averaged 81.98 points over three throws in his 6–0 whitewash of Jim Widmayer before fellow qualifier Tom Curtin achieved a 95 checkout in his 6–1 loss to Andy Jenkins. The game between Denis Ovens and Bill Davis began with both players sharing the opening two legs. Ovens took the following three legs before Davis drew to within one leg behind at 5–4. Ovens defeated Davis 6–4 on the double five ring on his final throw. Peter Manley moved 3–1 ahead before his opponent Ray Carver went 4–3 behind. Manley took the following two legs without response to win 6–3. Mark Walsh, the 2005 UK Open finalist, led Friday Night Madness qualifier Jeff Russell 4–0, before his opponent made checkouts of 54 and 121 to go 4–3 behind. The next two legs were shared before Walsh made a 115 checkout to defeat Russell 6–4.
Roland Scholten produced checkouts of 91 and 76 and a finish on the double 20 ring to lead Roger Carter 3–0. Carter won leg four on the double 16 ring before Scholten took three legs in succession for a 6–1 victory. Dennis Priestley, a two-time world champion, beat Joe Efter 6–1 with five legs in a row including a 110 checkout in leg two; Efter took leg six on the double 20 ring. Tim O'Gorman lost 6–2 to Taylor, who achieved a three-dart average of 96.05, before Terry Jenkins led Tim Grossman 3–1 and overcame a mid-game challenge from the latter to win the match 6–4 on the double 20 ring. World number six Kevin Painter defeated World Championship and World Matchplay entrant Jim Watkins 6–3. Leading 3–1, the fifth and six legs were shared before Painter claimed three successive legs to win the match. Mark Dudbridge, a former World Championship finalist, made checkouts of 101 and 66 and a finish on the double 20 ring to whitewash Joe Slivan 6–0.
Wayne Mardle, the number six seed, beat Dave DePriest 6–3. Mardle won the first two legs without reply before DePriest took legs three and four to level at 2–2. Mardle took three legs in succession and DePriest finished on the double 8 ring in leg eight. Mardle completed the win on the double 4 ring in leg nine. John Kuczynski, the United States number one, was the only American to qualify for the next round with a 6–5 win over John Part, the two-time world champion. The first two legs were shared before Part led 2–1 and then Kuczynski 4–2, which included an event-high 161 checkout from Part in leg seven. Both players took the match to an 11th leg that Kuczynski won on his second throw at the double 20 ring. World number three Ronnie Baxter and Brad Wethington exchanged the first two legs of their match before Baxter won five legs in succession for a 6–1 victory, which included a 104 checkout in leg four. The final first round match saw Alan Warriner-Little whitewash Joe Chaney 6–0.
Round 2
The second round was held from 20 to 21 May; because of time constraints, four-second round matches were staged on the evening of 20 May. Lewis defeated Lloyd 6–5 in a match that went to a final leg decider. Lewis won leg one before Lloyd took two in a row for the lead. After a short interval to check the air conditioning, Lewis took a 5–3 lead before the game went to 5–5 and Lewis won it on the double 12 ring. Ovens came from 3–1 behind Jenkins to tie the match at 3–3. Jenkins clinched leg seven before Ovens took three legs in a row to win 6–4 on a 56 checkout achieved in two throws. Manley led Walsh 5–1 on four finishes on the double 20 ring and a 116 checkout in leg five. Walsh achieved a Shanghai (a 120 checkout) to claim leg seven after Manley failed five times to secure the win. Manley hit the double 10 ring on his second throw in leg seven to win 6–2. Priestley took the first three legs and Scholten the fourth. The game went to 5–3 before Scholten won leg nine on the double 20 ring. Priestley secured a 6–4 win in leg ten on the double 2 ring.
Taylor won the first three legs of his game against Jenkins before the latter took three of the next four. He took the eighth leg on a checkout of 76 and won the match 6–3 in 11 throws in leg nine. Dudbridge defeated Painter 6–5 in a match that concluded with a final leg decider. Painter took the first two legs, which included a 107 checkout in the second. The following three legs were shared before Dudbridge came from 4–3 down to tie in leg eight. Dudbridge took the ninth leg and Painter the tenth on the double 16 ring. The final leg saw Dudbridge win on a 64 checkout completed on the double 8 ring. Mardle led Kuczynski 4–1 before the latter completed a 119 checkout on the bullseye ring to be two legs behind. The seventh leg was won by Mardle and the eighth by Kuczynski on the double 20 ring. Mardle secured leg nine for a 6–3 victory and eliminated the last American player in the competition. The final second round match saw Baxter defeat Warriner-Little 6–4.
Quarter-finals
All four quarter-finals were played as the best-of-17 legs on 21 May. Lewis and Ovens played the first quarter-final. Ovens led 5–4 as Lewis achieved checkouts of 120, 84 and 74. He claimed leg 11 to put himself 6–5 in front before Lewis took the lead with a 75 checkout in the 13th leg after the former twice failed to finish on the double 16 ring. Lewis finished on the double 20 ring and achieved a 108 checkout completed on the double 18 ring to win 9–6. Manley and Priestley were in the second quarter-final. Priestley led 6–5 by winning four legs in succession before Manley achieved a finish on the double 10 ring to tie the match after Priestley failed to hit a double ring. Priestley retook the lead on a 124 checkout achieved on the bullseye ring in leg 13 before Manley again tied by hitting the double 20 ring after Priestley failed to strike a double ring. Priestley followed up by twice hitting the double 20 ring over the following two legs to defeat Manley 9–7.
The third quarter-final was contested between Dudbridge and Taylor. Trailing 2–1, Dudbridge produced checkouts of 126 and 64 to lead 3–2 before Taylor claimed the following five legs without reply on checkouts of 73, 99 and 88 to lead 7–3. Dudbridge reduced Taylor's lead to one leg before the latter won legs 14 and 15 to defeat Dudbridge 9–6. The last quarter-final was played by Baxter and Mardle. Baxter appeared set for a comfortable victory as he led 7–1 over Mardle with a finish on the double 20 ring and a 97 checkout entering the interval. Mardle took leg nine with a finish on the double 20 ring and the 10th with a 156 checkout. He won the next two to go 7–5 behind before failing on four occasions to win leg 13, which Baxter took. Baxter failed to win the match in the 14th leg, allowing Mardle to finish on the double 6 ring. The next leg saw Baxter complete a checkout of 121 on the double 18 ring to win 9–6.
Semi-finals
Both of the semi-finals on 21 May were best-of-21 legs. Lewis and Priestley played the first semi-final. Lewis won the first three legs on a 93 checkout in the first and finishes of 11 and 12 throws in the second and third. Priestley took leg four on the double 8 ring before Lewis went 5–1 ahead and then averaging almost 104 points with a 58 per cent finishing record on the double rings in the next three legs to lead 9–1 at the interval. Lewis' average fell to 98.72 in the next two legs to beat Priestley 11–1 and qualify for the first major broadcast final of his career.
The second semi-final was between Baxter and Taylor. Both players shared the opening two legs before Taylor achieved a checkout of 125 in the third leg and a finish on the double 12 leg in the fourth to lead Baxter 3–1. Checkouts of 69 and 65 gave Baxter the following two legs to equalise at 3–3. The next two legs were shared before Taylor won three in a row to go 7–4 ahead. Baxter claimed leg 12 on a 90 checkout finished on the bullseye ring before Taylor took the next four legs without response to win the match 11–5 on a 160 checkout and a final spot.
Final
The best-of-25 legs final between Lewis and Taylor took place on the same day. Taylor took the first leg on a 126 checkout and the following four to lead 5–0. Lewis took legs six and seven before Taylor won three legs in succession to increase his lead to 8–2. A checkout of 74 completed on the bullseye ring won Lewis leg 11 and Taylor took the 12th with a 158 checkout. Taylor moved further ahead with a finish on the double 16 ring in the 13th leg before Lewis struck the double 4 ring in leg 14. Taylor claimed two more legs before Lewis won leg 17 on the double 4 ring after Taylor twice failed to hit the double 12 ring. Taylor completed a 78 checkout on the double 10 ring to win the match 13–5.
Taylor achieved a three-dart average of 102.72 and earned $100,000 prize money for winning the competition. He commented on the win: "I’m thrilled to have won this. It was hard for both me and Adrian in the final because we’re very close, and he played brilliantly. I knew I couldn’t let him in and I had to be better than anything he threw at me." Lewis said of his loss to Taylor: "I was looking forward to the final but it was hard to concentrate because it was Phil. But I'll learn from this and I'm confident I can get a different result the next time we meet."
Main draw
Numbers given to the left of players' names show the seedings for the top 16 players in the tournament. The sixteen qualifiers are indicated by (US1/FMN1). The figures in brackets to the right of a competitor's name state their three-dart averages in a match. Players in bold denote match winners of the main draw.
Notes
References
Professional Darts Corporation tournaments
2006 in darts
2006 in sports in Connecticut
2006 in American sports
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Series%20of%20Darts%20%282006%20tournament%29
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Salome Clausen is a Swiss pop music artist, best known for winning the 2005 second series of the music-based reality television show MusicStars. Whilst part of MusicStars, Clausen topped the singles chart twice, and be part of three album releases (all of which made the Swiss album top 20). After winning the show, Clausen spent three weeks at the top of the Swiss singles chart with "Gumpu", and saw her debut album ...Moji peak at number two. Clausen has since fallen out of the spotlight, however, and appears to be a one-hit wonder. In 2006 she chose to go back to her former life. She works now, like before her short singing career, as a hair stylist.
In winning MusicStar, Salome beat out competition from talents such as Daniel Kandlbauer and Claudia D'Addio, who have both also had success in their post-MusicStar careers.
Discography
Singles
"Friends Forever" (2005) (#1, Switzerland) [as part of MusicStars]
"Here I Am" (2005) (#1, Switzerland) [as part of MusicStars]
"Gumpu" (2005) (#1, three weeks, Switzerland)
Albums
New Generation (2005) (#5, Switzerland) [as part of MusicStars]
Thank You (2005) (#2, Switzerland) [as part of MusicStars]
Gold (2005) (#14, Switzerland) [as part of MusicStars]
...Moji (2005) (#2, Switzerland)
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Swiss pop musicians
21st-century Swiss women singers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salome%20Clausen
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Ralph Daniel Willard (born March 28, 1946) is an American former basketball coach. He served as the head men's basketball coach at Western Kentucky University from 1990 to 1994, the University of Pittsburgh from 1994 to 1999, and the College of the Holy Cross from 1999 to 2009, compiling a career college basketball coaching record of 336–241. Willard was also an assistant athletic director at Holy Cross.
Career
After graduating from Holy Cross, Willard was drafted to the United States Army. Willard finished basic training when negotiations began for the Paris Peace Accords, so Willard was reassigned to Fort Benning instead of being sent overseas to Vietnam. At Fort Benning, Willard assisted soldiers receiving treatment for wartime injuries with paperwork.
After serving in the Army, Willard returned to his alma mater, St. Dominic High School in Oyster Bay, New York, to be a physical education teacher. His first coaching job was as an assistant coach at the Merchant Marine Academy during the 1971–72 season. From 1972 to 1984, Willard was a coach at St. Dominic High. During his tenure there he led his team to the 1980 state championship, posted a 162–89 record, and earned five conference coach of the year honors.
After leaving St. Dominic, Willard became the assistant coach at Hofstra University. When Willard left Hofstra, he became a member of the Syracuse University staff that appeared in the NCAA national championship game in 1987.
Willard briefly joined Rick Pitino as a member of the staff of the National Basketball Association's New York Knicks. When Pitino left to become the head coach of the University of Kentucky, Willard joined him as the associate head coach in 1989.
In 1990 Willard was given his first college head coaching job at Western Kentucky University where he stayed until 1994. Within three years Willard led Western Kentucky to a Top 25 national ranking and an appearance in the NCAA Sweet 16.
In 1994 Willard became the head coach of the University of Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball team. He held this position until 1999 when he returned to his college alma mater at Holy Cross where he had been a member of the class of 1967 and the captain of the 1966-1967 men's basketball team.
Holy Cross
Willard began his tenure at Holy Cross with the goal of turning around a struggling program. The school had only won 22 games in its three previous seasons combined. In only his second season, Willard managed to lead the Crusaders to both the regular season and tournament titles. As a result, he was named the Coach of the Year for the Patriot League. Willard's success at Holy Cross continued as he led the school to two more conference titles and subsequent trips to the NCAA tournament in 2002 and 2003.
In 2005, Holy Cross was invited to the National Invitation Tournament where Willard led the team to the second round with a victory over the University of Notre Dame. Willard was honored for the second time as the Patriot League coach of the year. He also received national recognition when he was named as a finalist for the Jim Phelan National Coach of the Year award.
In 2007, Willard led Holy Cross back to the NCAA Tournament with another Patriot League conference title. This once again earned him coach of the year honors for the Patriot League. During his tenure as the school's head coach, the Crusaders averaged more than 19 victories per season and advanced to the conference tournament championship game six times.
After Holy Cross
On June 10, 2009, Willard became an associate head coach with the University of Louisville to team once again with longtime personal friend Rick Pitino. The following season, Willard became director of operations at Louisville.
From 2011 to 2013, Willard was a consultant back at Holy Cross. In the 2013–14 season, Willard scouted for the Oklahoma City Thunder.
Prior to the 2015–16 season, Willard signed a one-year contract but took a leave of absence in October 2015 for health reasons.
Personal life
Willard is married to the former Dorothy Schreiber and has three children, including college basketball coach Kevin Willard, who was head coach at Seton Hall from 2010 to 2022 and is now the head coach at Maryland. The Willards have lived in Bonita Springs, Florida since around 2012.
In 2005, Willard was diagnosed with prostate cancer. In 2008, he underwent robot-assisted open heart surgery to repair a leaking mitral valve. He has successfully recovered from both and continues to coach today.
Head coaching record
College
References
1946 births
Living people
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Guards (basketball)
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Hofstra Pride men's basketball coaches
Holy Cross Crusaders men's basketball coaches
Holy Cross Crusaders men's basketball players
Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball coaches
Louisville Cardinals men's basketball coaches
Merchant Marine Mariners men's basketball coaches
New York Knicks assistant coaches
Oklahoma City Thunder scouts
Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball coaches
Sportspeople from Brooklyn
Basketball players from New York City
Syracuse Orange men's basketball coaches
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball coaches
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20Willard
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Baesweiler () is a municipality in the district of Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Baesweiler is located approximately 20 km north-east of Aachen.
Neighbouring municipalities
Geilenkirchen
Linnich
Aldenhoven
Alsdorf
Herzogenrath
Übach-Palenberg
Division of the municipality
The municipality has seven subdivisions since a local government reform in 1972 (populations as of January 2007):
Baesweiler (13,864 inhabitants)
Beggendorf (1,667 inhabitants)
Floverich (408 inhabitants)
Loverich (1,255 inhabitants)
Oidtweiler (2,731 inhabitants)
Puffendorf (441 inhabitants)
Setterich (7,794 inhabitants)
History
In 1371 a battle took place between the armies of Wenceslaus I, duke of Brabant on one hand, and Gulik and Gelre on the other. Wenceslaus, upon his capture, suffered a humiliating defeat.
Population development
1950: 13.268
1970: 24.223
1998: 26.731
2000: 27.434
2002: 27.604
2004: 27.933
2006: 28.160
2008: 27.991
2010: 27.898
2012: 26.445
2014: 26.597
2015: 26.819
Twin towns – sister cities
Baesweiler is twinned with:
Montesson, France (1990)
Notable people
Matthias Goebbels (1836–1911), priest and artist
Franz Loogen (1919–2010), pioneer of cardiology in Germany
Ralph Gunesch (born 1983), footballer
References
External links
Official site
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Aachen (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baesweiler
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is a three dimensional shoot 'em up developed by Polyphony Digital and Cyberhead for the PlayStation. It was released in 1999 throughout Japan, North America, and Europe by Sony Computer Entertainment.
The game features mecha designs by Shoji Kawamori of Macross fame.
Being released late in the PlayStation's life, Omega Boost is said to have some of the best graphics on the console with parts of the game running at 60 frame/s. The game was criticized by some reviewers for being too short (Nine levels with nine unlockable special missions) and simplistic. However, it is still considered one of the best Macross-style mecha simulation games produced and is thought of by many as a sleeper hit due to its poor marketing.
Omega Boost is so far the only non-racing game developed by Polyphony Digital, whose works comprise almost solely of racing simulators.
Gameplay
The gameplay takes place in waves, meaning that enemies will appear in the same groups and formations in the same order every playthrough. The player doesn't get to choose what order to engage an entire stage's enemies, just the ones in the current wave. This rail-shooter element does not hamper the player's freedom to fly where they choose in most stages. On some stages, the player has complete control of Omega Boost, specifically areas where they are in Planet ETA's atmosphere. Other stages limit the player in terms of speed (falling through the timeshift).
The "Boost" part of the mech's name comes from Omega Boost's booster pack, allowing the player to move in any direction and circle strafe enemies with a scanning and lock-on feature. Omega Boost also learns the Viper Boost maneuver once it is levelled up. Viper Boost, when engaged, will cause Omega Boost to glow blue as it tears through enemies on screen. Destroying enemies will cause the gauge to refill incrementally. However, the game can be completed without ever using Viper Boost. If Viper Boost is used, the final ranking will have "Pixy" added onto the title, showing the attack during play.
Story
In the past, an artificial intelligence named AlphaCore peacefully and silently co-existed with the human race, though its origins remain unknown. Eventually, the human race advanced to the point where they became aware of AlphaCore and its capabilities, and were shocked by what it was capable of. Fearing its power, humanity tried to 'dump' AlphaCore- presumably an attempt to destroy or manipulate the AI- but the action failed, only provoking the AlphaCore and starting a war between humans and machines. This war goes on into the distant future, with mankind steadily being outmatched by AlphaCore, who is capable of destroying entire cities easily.
In this future, scientists devise a way to travel through time in order stop AlphaCore. However, AlphaCore discovers this plan and steals the time travel technology. It builds a giant shaft, the Timeshaft, on a desolate, mined out planet named ETA, and uses this to travel back in time and alter ENIAC, the first general-use computer created and considered by AlphaCore to be the first artificial intelligence. It plans to implant a virus into one of ENIAC's vacuum tubes, thus creating a predestination paradox and ensuring its survival in the present day.
To counter AlphaCore's scheme, human scientists create the Omega Boost, a giant robot capable of traveling through time using the Direct Drive System (DDS). Lester J. Hemming, an experienced pilot and one of very few who can pilot the Omega Boost, is charged with traveling back in time to stop AlphaCore by finding ENIAC and replacing the AlphaCore infected vacuum tube, thus stopping AlphaCore before it even has a chance to exist.
Omega Boost manages to pierce the defenses around planet ETA, encountering along the way a red 'knockoff' of Omega Boost made by AlphaCore named Beta Boost, and enters the Timeshaft encountering resistance around and inside. However, after traveling through, it finds itself not in the past of 1946, but near planet ETA a few decades into the future. The future ETA has become the home base of AlphaCore and turned into a cybernetic planet little resembling its present self, overrun with AlphaCore's machinery. Omega Boost proceeds to breach the planetary defenses, once again defeating Beta Boost (who has been given a version of the Viper Boost attack) and fending off the avatar of AlphaCore itself.
Afterwards, the planet is destroyed but the Timeshaft survives, now its own structure akin to a space station, and AlphaCore attempts to escape through it to an unknown time. Omega Boost pursues it and destroys its three forms- crystal, serpent-like machine, and finally the true form, a vaguely fairylike humanoid with wings. After defeat, AlphaCore attempts to possess Omega Boost, but fails, disintegrating.
The end cutscene depicts Omega Boost arriving in 1946, crashing into a forest in North America. Lester locates ENIAC and, through a small probe, finds the vacuum tube infected by AlphaCore's virus, switching it out for the safe tube seen in the intro; thus preventing AlphaCore's rise to power and subsequent destruction of the human race.
Development
Similarities between Omega Boost and Sega's Panzer Dragoon series led to a rumor that former members of Team Andromeda, dissolved in 1998, had joined Polyphony Digital. This rumor turned out to be true as the lead designer and programmer on Omega Boost was Yuji Yasuhara, who had worked on Panzer Dragoon Zwei.
Among the games created by Polyphony Digital, Omega Boost was the only shoot 'em up, while the others are vehicle racing simulators.
Audio
The Omega Boost Original Soundtrack was released on June 19, 1999.
The album had a limited print and is considered very rare. As such, many fans of the game have found it easier to rip the soundtrack from the game disc itself, however, this leads to confusion over the official titles of the tracks, mainly because they are labeled as "areas" in-game instead of the official names given by the creators.
The opening movie and ending credits in each version features different music. The Japanese version uses "Shade" by Feeder as its opening theme and final boss theme, and "Ismeel" by Dip in the Pool as its ending theme. The North American version licenses songs by Loudmouth, opening with "Fly" and closing with "The Road"; as well as featuring "Otsegolation" by Static-X, played during the title screen and the final boss. Finally, the European version uses "Dreamer" by Cast as the opening, final boss and ending themes.
Merchandise
A series of action figures was created by Blue Box Toys, featuring mecha from the game, including: Omega Boost and Beta Boost. A third figure, Herbarcher, was shown on the back of the boxes; however, it was never released.
Reception
Omega Boost received above-average reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. However, Chris Charla of NextGen called it "The textbook definition of a two-star game: competent, but totally uninspired." In Japan, Famitsu gave it a better score of 28 out of 40.
Notes
References
External links
Omega Boost at Game Set Watch
1999 video games
PlayStation (console) games
PlayStation (console)-only games
Rail shooters
Science fiction video games
Single-player video games
Sony Interactive Entertainment games
Video games about mecha
Video games developed in Japan
Polyphony Digital games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega%20Boost
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Paul C. Evans (born January 31, 1945) is a former American head coach of men's college basketball.
Paul Evans was noted for running a "power offense" with emphasis on distributing the ball through centers and power forwards. His tenures at Navy and Pittsburgh was notable for the development of quality big men such as David Robinson, Charles Smith, Jerome Lane, Brian Shorter, Bobby Martin, Darren Morningstar, and Eric Mobley. He coached at Division III St. Lawrence University for seven season guiding them to six ICAC Conference Championships and five NCAA Division III post-season appearances, including two regional finals. He went on to coach at Navy for six seasons and an overall 199–60 (.665) record which included a cinderella appearance in the 1986 Elite Eight led by star center Robinson. After taking over at Pitt starting in the 1986–87 season, he guided the Panthers to regular season Big East Conference titles in 1987 and 1988, several top 10 rankings in the polls (including as high as #2), and saw the team advance to five NCAA tournaments and one NIT. John Calipari was an assistant under Evans at Pitt prior to him obtaining the head coaching position at UMass. Evans' win–loss record at the University of Pittsburgh was 147–98 (.600) over eight seasons. He was succeeded as head coach at Pitt by Ralph Willard.
Head coaching record
References
Additional sources
Navy Basketball Media Guide
1945 births
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
Ithaca Bombers football players
Ithaca Bombers men's basketball players
Navy Midshipmen men's basketball coaches
Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball coaches
St. Lawrence Saints men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Evans%20%28basketball%29
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Roetgen () is a municipality in the district of Aachen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Roetgen is located approximately 16 km (10 mi) south-east of Aachen, near the border with Belgium. It is in the north of the High Fens-Eifel Nature Park on the Weser stream which rises a few kilometres to the south. Between Roetgen and Rott is the Dreilägerbach Reservoir, which is fed by the Dreilägerbach stream and the artificially Schleebachgraben and Hasselbachgraben ditches. The attached waterworks supplies large parts of Aachen and the Dutch town of Kerkrade with drinking water.
The parish of Roetgen includes the villages of Roetgen, Rott and Mulartshütte, which is the oldest part of Roetgen.
To the northwest is the borough of Aachen with its quarters of Kornelimünster and Walheim, to the northeast is the town of Stolberg with its quarters of Venwegen and Zweifall, to the southeast is the Simmerath parish of Lammersdorf. To the west, on the far side of the German-Belgian border lies the town of Eupen and the municipalities of Raeren, whose parish of Petergensfeld borders immediately on Roetgen north of Charliers Mill.
Roetgen is attractive for commuters as it is already part of the Eifel and yet is still close in proximity to Aachen.
History
In World War II, Roetgen was the first German town to fall under American control. American forces arrived in the town on 12 September 1944 at 14:30 hours.
The city was the location of the court martial of US Army Private Eddie Slovik in November 1944, notable because of all US military personnel in World War II accused of desertion, Slovik was the only one sentenced to death and actually executed.
On March 13, 2019, Roetgen was hit by a low-end F3 tornado. The tornado caused moderate to severe damage to buildings and trees. Vehicles were also overturned and flipped. 5 people were injured by the tornado.
Division of the municipality
Roetgen consists of three districts:
Roetgen
Rott
Mulartshütte
Mulartshütte is the oldest settlement of the three.
Sights
St. Mary's Chapel (Marienkapelle, 1636–1660) is the surviving part of the first Roman Catholic parish church in Roetgen. It was partially demolished when the Neogothic St. Hubert's Church (1854–1856) was built. It was consecrated to Saint Hubertus of Liège, the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist.
In Roetgen's town hall there is a sculpture of a weaver by Hermann Pier (1925–1985); outside on the forecourt is a replica. It has historical as well as artistic value, because this craft was an important part of Roetgen's economic history.
Charliers Mill (substructure of rubble stone, 1768) is an old water mill (today a domestic residence) on the Weser stream. In the countryside behind the mill, with its pastures, rows of beech rows and ponds runs Stage 1 of the Eifelsteig hiking trail.
Gallery
References
External links
Aachen (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roetgen
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Strathfoyle (from ) is a village in County Londonderry, Northern Ireland It is about north east of Derry. It was newly built in different phases between the late 1950s and the early 1960s, with many new recent additions to the village, including Westlake, Butler's Wharf and Old Fort. In the 2001 Census it had a population of 1,581 people. It is within the Derry Urban Area and the Derry City Council area. The village has a small retail outlet (a pharmacy, a supermarket, a fast food take-away and a beauticians), a Roman Catholic chapel, a library, youth club and a post office. The small retail unit was constructed in 2005 following years of under-investment in the area and pressure by local community leaders to provide more facilities for its residents.
History
Foundation
Professor Robert Lyons Marshall of Magee College suggested "Strathfoyle" (strath of the River Foyle) in response to a request from Londonderry Rural District Council for a name for its new town.
World War II
During World War II, Strathfoyle was used as a base for Allied troops. Its location beside Londonderry Port was ideal for Navy vessels, and the port was later used for the capture and destruction of German U-boats after the Battle of the Atlantic. Remnants of the jetty used can be seen at Lisahally. There are also ruins of bunkers scattered throughout the surrounding area, in what the locals refer to as, "The Quarry". This is the area that separates Strathfoyle from the Belfast-Derry railway line and the River Foyle. It is essentially an extensive stretch of forest area, not an actual quarry.
Post-war
Strathfoyle was more seriously developed after the war and in the 1950s it was established as a housing estate. The area which is commonly known throughout Strathfoyle as 'The New Estate' was built shortly after the erection of the first set of houses, in different phases spanning across three decades, the 1970s, 80s and 90s. In the new millennium, Strathfoyle has seen a surge in popularity and is now seen as a choice location for young people looking for residence. This high interest has led to the construction of new additions to the Strathfoyle area, including 'The Old Fort' and 'Butler's Wharf', the latter of which is named after a local farmer, not after the famous Butler's Wharf area in London.
Places of interest
Lisahally Docks - Irish Port of the Year 2005
Enagh Lough
Enagh Old Church and Graveyard
City of Derry Rugby Club
Sport
Strathfoyle has been known to produce fine sportsmen and women. However, there has always been strong criticism against the local council, as Strathfoyle remains a poorly facilitated area for youth development. There is, however, a youth club, which takes a soccer team to Galway each year to participate in the 'Galway World Cup'. In recent years, they have proven to be a force to be reckoned with, winning the competition in 2005 and finishing runners up in 2006. The 2007 'Galway World Cup' Team also finished runners up in the youth competition. After a couple of disappointing couple of years then after Strathfoyle once again finished runners up in 2012.
Soccer
The local football team, Lisahally F.C., takes its name from the Lisahally port, which is close to the village. Top of the Hill Celtic F.C. is also a popular choice of team to play for with people from Strathfoyle. Both communities share a close relationship with regard to sport. A number of players from Strathfoyle have also joined the newly formed Maydown F.C., who are based in Maydown, a neighbouring village.
Gaelic football
Strathfoyle was also the base for the now defunct Gaelic football team Enagh GAC. Since becoming defunct, many of Enagh's roster joined St. Mary's Slaughtmanus and it has since become a popular choice of team for Gaelic footballers from the Strathfoyle area.
Rugby
The City of Derry Rugby Club is situated on the outskirts of Strathfoyle, however, rugby union is not very popular within the village with the village tending to play soccer or Gaelic football.
Demography
The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) census of 29 April 2001 recorded a population of 1,581, classifying Strathfoyle as a village. In 2003 it was reclassified as a discontiguous part of the Derry Urban Area. The 1971 population was 2,263, with declines in 1981, 1991, and 2001, though the boundary used was redefined in 2001. The 2008 population estimate was 2,011.
Economy
Companies such as Du Pont, Coolkeeragh ESB and Foyle Meats are situated nearby, and have been, for many years providing employment to the people of Derry. A resentment toward these industries has grown in recent years, in particular toward the foul smell emitted from Foyle Meats. This was demonstrated in a youth scheme, who filmed their activities. In 2005, more than 30 Polish workers in Foyle Meats walked out after being subjected to sectarian abuse. There is also a small retail outlet containing a pharmacy, supermarket, fast food take-away and diner. The local library introduces youth to the world of literature and is also equipped with a number of computers. Nearby, the Teacher Training Centre is one of the main centres in Derry. Just outside Strathfoyle, in Maydown, there is an industrial park containing a steel factory. Lisahally, the Londonderry Port is also a base of employment for many Derry citizens.
Education
St. Oliver Plunkett's Primary School, provides education for around 176 pupils in the area. The school was established in 1975 and is the main primary school in the Strathfoyle (including Maydown) area. Many past and present students of the school have experience a degree of varying success locally and nationally, winning numerous quizzes, chess competitions, sporting events and other such education related topics. The school promotes a Catholic ethos and is situated beside St. Oliver Plunkett Chapel. The majority of post primary school students in Strathfoyle attend schools such as Oakgrove Integrated College, St. Mary's High School in Limavady, or St. Columb's College. Oakgrove Integrated College is located near to the village and is a popular choice among students due to its proximity to the village.
Notable residents
David Ogilby - Institute F.C. footballer
See also
List of villages in Northern Ireland
List of towns in Northern Ireland
References
Sources
Citations
External links
Map of Strathfoyle from Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency
Villages in County Londonderry
Derry and Strabane district
Derry (city)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strathfoyle
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The Theosophical Society Point Loma was based at the Theosophical community of Lomaland in the Point Loma district of San Diego, California from 1900 to 1942, and the international headquarters of a branch of the Theosophical Society from 1900 to 1942. It moved to Covina in Los Angeles County in 1942 and was the branch's international headquarters to 1945, when it moved to Pasadena, California and became the Theosophical Society Pasadena, the branch's current international headquarters.
When the James A. Long was elected president of the Theosophical Society Pasadena, some Theosophical Societies left it to form the Theosophical Society Point Loma-Covina, the present day Theosophical Society Point Loma − Blavatskyhouse The Hague. It has the Dutch Section of The Theosophical Society, is based at the Blavatsky House in The Hague, the Netherlands. It has the German Section of The Theosophical Society Point Loma - Blavatskyhouse, which is based in Berlin.
History
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky founded in 1875 the Theosophical Society in New York. She acted on assignment of her Teachers, indicated by the name of 'Masters of Wisdom and Compassion'. With the knowledge they supplied, a foundation was laid for the Twentieth Century thinking. H.P. Blavatsky died in 1891 after many years of self-abnegation, disappointment, revilement and physical suffering. She left humanity a voluminous number of writings, of which the theosophical standard work The Secret Doctrine is the most well known.
Branches
A number of divisions took place in the Theosophical Society in the course of the years. A few years after the passing of H.P. Blavatsky several major branches developed from the original international organization.
One branch is known as the Theosophical Society − Point Loma / Blavatsky House, with present-day headquarters at the Blavatsky House in The Hague. After H.P. Blavatsky this branch was directed by W.Q. Judge (1891-1896), Katherine Tingley (1896-1929), Gottfried de Purucker (1929-1942), Arthur L. Conger (1945-1951), W. Hartley (1951-1955), D.J.P. Kok (1958-1985), and H.C. Vermeulen (1985–present).
The Theosophical Society Point Loma at Lomaland was founded in 1900, became the Theosophical Society Pasadena in 1945.
Founded in 1875 in New York City, one branch is known as the Theosophical Society, with present-day international headquarters in Adyar, India.
Organizational framework
The organization of the Theosophical Society − Blavatskyhouse The Hague is hierarchically structured. The center is formed by the International Headquarters of the Leader. The organization has national divisions. Every national division forms the coordinating organ of the local Lodges.
The I.S.I.S. Foundation
The acronym I.S.I.S. — of the Theosophical Society—Blavatskyhouse The Hague — stands for International Study centre for Independent Search for truth. The purpose of the Foundation is to form a core of Universal Brotherhood/Sisterhood, by spreading the knowledge regarding the spiritual structure of humans and cosmos, free of dogmas. The Foundation tries to reach that objective by giving courses, organizing public and other lectures, printing of books, pamphlets and other publications, as well as all its other available means. The Foundation does not receive government grants. All activities of the Society and the I.S.I.S. Foundation are carried out on voluntary basis. The organization does not have any paid officials.
Goals of the Theosophical Society − Blavatskyhouse The Hague
To diffuse among people the knowledge of the laws inherent in the Universe.
To promulgate the knowledge of the essential unity of all that is, and to demonstrate that this unity is fundamental in Nature.
To form an active community among humans.
To study ancient and modern religion, science, and philosophy.
To investigate the powers innate in humans.
Theosophy
Theosophy is a synthesis of science, philosophy and religion, the three different ways to investigate and explain life. The name Theosophy stems from the Greek 'Theos' and 'Sophia' meaning Wisdom of the Gods. However, Theosophy is not a religion, it is a Philosophy of Life, which offers the possibility to find a solutions to the many problems of life. Theosophy has been called Wisdom of the Gods because among other things one may find explanations for the motivations of the human soul, its origin, destination, and relation with the cosmos.
The Theosophy, also called Secret Doctrine or Esoteric Philosophy, contains in the first place the principles of morality, with directives for the human thinking and acting. This morality finds its explanation in a huge number of teachings about the laws in the Universe and the structure of Man and Universe. The teachings are not based upon belief, but upon knowledge.
The Theosophy stimulates independent thinking and the search for truth. Science, Philosophy and Religion, the three different ways to investigate and explain life, are contained in Theosophy. For this reason Theosophy does give explanations as to the how, why and whereto of life. The answer to the question regarding the purpose of life can be found in the Theosophy.
The Theosophical Society is part of a universal, ethical and intellectual Movement, which has been active throughout the ages. This Movement brought forth, in accordance with the cyclic laws of Nature, spiritual impulses, which gave the initial impetus to the great religious and philosophical systems, ever produced by humanity. It were Sages such like Lao Tze, Krishna, Gautama the Buddha, Jesus the Nazarene, Plato and many others who brought forth these impulses. They tried to divulge, time and again, the age-old Theosophy among the people and did this always in a form most suitable for that time and opportunity.
The Three Fundamental Propositions
An Omnipresent, Eternal, Boundless, and Immutable Principle on which all speculation is impossible, since it transcends the power of human conception and could only be dwarfed by any human expression or similitude. There is one absolute reality which antecedes all manifested, conditioned, being.
The Eternity of the Universe in toto as a boundless plane; periodically " the playground of numberless Universes incessantly manifesting and disappearing", called " the manifesting stars", and the "sparks of Eternity".
The fundamental identity of all Souls with the Universal Over-soul, the latter being itself an aspect of the Unknown Root; and the obligatory pilgrimage for every Soul - a spark of the former - through the Cycle of Incarnation ( or " Necessity" ) in accordance with Cyclic and Karmic law, during the whole term.
The basis of Theosophy
Theosophy does not depart from a highest God, who has created the Universe out of nothing and supplies the soul to the human being. Neither does Theosophy accepts that the Universe developed in a mechanical way out of primordial matter, in which life is the consequence of the processes in matter and external influences.
Opposite to this is the fundamental thought of Theosophy:
Life or consciousness is the cause of all that exists.
This basic thought stems from the assumption that there is one omnipresent, eternal, boundless and immutable PRINCIPLE. It transcends the power of human conception and can only be dwarfed by any human expression or similitude.
This Principle of Life is the Causeless Cause of all manifested conditioned being. This Principle is neither a God nor a force.
The consequences of Theosophy for human life
The Theosophy points to the essential unity behind the great variety of forms and expressions of life. This unity is the basis of the entire Nature. This is why Theosophy teaches Universal Brotherhood of all beings as a fact of Nature. This thought of Brotherhood is not based upon sentiment, but upon the structure of the Universe, in which everything is inextricably interconnected and cooperating with one and another. Herein lies the explanation of the principles of morality for the daily walk of life. These are charity, compassion, cooperation and Brotherhood without any discrimination of color, race, nationality, social status or religious conviction.
Theosophy teaches that all what lives does so according to Universal Laws. One of these laws is Re-embodiment, which means that humans will be born over and over again. In conjunction with this is the law of Cause and Effect, which points to strict justice in the Universe, in which there is no room for chance, good- and/or tough luck. The character of every human being and the conditions under which he or she lives, are the natural consequences of one's own actions and thinking in past lives,
Humans govern their own destiny. That means that every human being is capable, if so desiring, to change one's own life and character and earns one's own bliss. The Path shown to that end is the one of the ideal of a "Human Brotherhood/Sisterhood" by exercising the principles of the morality in daily life
See also
Theosophical Society Pasadena
References
External links
Official Theosophical Society Point Loma - Blavatskyhouse The Hague website—
TG Point Loma - Blavatskyhouse homepage—
Verlages Esoterische Philosophie homepage—
I.S.I.S. Foundation homepage—
Theosophical Society
Organisations based in The Hague
Covina, California
Point Loma, San Diego
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosophical%20Society%20Point%20Loma%20-%20Blavatskyhouse
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Leroy P. Chipman (April 24, 1939 – August 10, 1997) was an American basketball coach.
Chipman was the head coach at Hartwick. The Hawks advanced to the NCAA Division II Tournament seven times, including five consecutive bids from 1973 to 1977. He also served as athletic director while at Hartwick.
Chipman served as Pitt basketball coach from 1980 through 1986. During his six seasons at the University, he posted a record of 102 wins and 76 losses, and captured Eastern 8 Tournament championships in 1981 and 1982.
Under Chipman, Pitt also left the Eastern 8 for the higher-profile Big East Conference in 1982, advanced to the NCAA Tournament in 1981, 1982 and 1985, and the National Invitational Tournament in 1984 and 1986.
Players Chipman recruited to Pitt included Curtis Aiken, Demetreus Gore, Jerome Lane and Charles Smith. Smith was the 1988 Big East Player of the Year and Pitt's leading all-time scorer with 2,045.
Chipman died from colon and liver cancer on August 10, 1997.
References
1939 births
1997 deaths
Basketball coaches from Pennsylvania
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Hartwick Hawks athletic directors
Hartwick Hawks men's basketball coaches
Lafayette Leopards men's basketball coaches
Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball coaches
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Deaths from liver cancer
Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Chipman
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Simmerath is a municipality in the district of Aachen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approximately 20 km south-east of Aachen, near the border to Belgium.
The administrative area was expanded in 1972 and includes the following localities:
Dedenborn
Eicherscheid
Einruhr
Erkensruhr
Hammer
Hirschrott
Huppenbroich
Kesternich
Lammersdorf
Paustenbach
Rollesbroich
Rurberg
Witzerath
Woffelsbach
Gallery
References
External links
Aachen (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simmerath
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Glue Gun (briefly known as Glü Gun) is an American punk rock band that formed in Los Angeles in 1991 by The Grim's Bob Oedy, who is the lead singer and only constant member as of the band's reunion. To date, the band has released two full-length studio albums. They split up in 1997, but reformed in 2005, broke up again in 2006 and then reformed five years later for a second time in 2011.
History
Beginnings and Just Glü It
The band started in 1991 under the name Glue Gun with founding members: Jeff Roberts (guitars), Pete Newbury (bass), Mike (drums) and singer Bob Oedy (previously founding guitar player of The Grim). Jeff Edwards replaced Mike and Glue Gun made their first appearance on the "Welcome to Califucknia" compilation put out by Signal Sound Systems Records in 1992. Chris Long (guitars) joined and then the band signed a deal with Posh Boy Records. Posh Boy label owner Robbie Fields first came across the band when asked to check out another Posh Boy signing Das Klown at a small Hollywood club in 1993. Their debut album had already been recorded and was prepped for self-release when Fields urged the band to allow Posh Boy to step in and re-package the material for commercial release. At the same time, Fields recommended to the band the alternative spelling of Glü Gun, to avoid confusion with a different New Jersey band calling themselves Glue Gun who had already asserted their claim to the name. The album was re-sequenced and eventually released under the title Just Glü It in 1994; the album was only moderately successful. Soon after, the band reverted to using the original Glue Gun spelling.
The Scene Is Not for Sale and break up
By the end of 1994, Glue Gun regrouped and added three new band members: George Snow on guitars, John North on bass and Jody Kern on drums. Oedy and Roberts were the only two remaining members at the time. They released their second album The Scene Is Not for Sale in 1995. Although The Scene Is Not for Sale was not as successful as Just Glü It, it has been regarded by some critics as minor classic, but during its release the album received good reviews. Before their next album could be recorded, Glue Gun called it quits around 1997.
Reunion and recent activities
In 2005, Oedy reformed Glue Gun and recruited three Jughead's Revenge members Joey Rimicci (guitars), Brian Priess (bass) and Andy Alverez (drums). The band demoed ten new songs for a new album, which remains unreleased as of October 2013. In May 2006, the band posted two new songs for the upcoming release, "Plastic Bomb" (a cover of Poison Idea) and "Shadow Government", on Myspace.
The band also played two concerts in July 2006 at Harpers and the Venice Community Center, which was their first performance in ten years, and one on October 29, 2006, at the CIA in North Hollywood, California. The shows brought old fans out of the woodwork and were very successful. This also marked the first live performance for the ex Jugheads members since their breakup in 2001. After these live shows, Glue Gun parted ways again while the members continued work on their own projects.
Glue Gun announced another reunion in February 2011, this time with the Scene Is Not for Sale lineup. The band has been playing shows periodically since then, mostly in Southern California.
Line-Ups
Discography
References
External links
Glue Gun at MySpace
Musical groups established in 1991
Musical groups disestablished in 1997
Musical groups reestablished in 2005
Musical groups disestablished in 2006
Musical groups reestablished in 2011
Punk rock groups from California
Hardcore punk groups from California
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Fearless Records artists
1991 establishments in California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glue%20Gun%20%28band%29
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Tim Grgurich (born June 10, 1942) is an American basketball coach. Grgurich served as the head coach at his alma mater, the University of Pittsburgh, for 5 seasons in the mid to late 1970s. He also served as the head coach at UNLV for the first seven games of the 1994–95 season before abruptly resigning. He arrived at UNLV in the mid-1980s, importing the amoeba defense developed when he was a Pitt assistant under Bob Timmons and Charles Ridl to Jerry Tarkanian's teams.
Early life
A native of the Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Grgurich attended Central Catholic High School. As a player at Pitt he led the team to two consecutive post season tournaments in 1963 and 1964. He then served 12 years (1964–1975) as an assistant coach and head of recruiting under Timmons and Ridl. Grgurich helped to develop Pitt's famous amoeba defense that along with the superlative play of All-American forward Billy Knight launched a 22-game win streak for Pitt in the 1973–1974 season under head coach 'Buzz' Ridl. This play carried Pitt to the Elite 8 that year, its furthest advance in the NCAA tournament since its Final Four appearance in 1941. The '74 season ended with a loss to eventual NCAA champion North Carolina State with David Thompson and Tom Burleson, in a game played on NC State's home court in Raleigh.
Coaching career
After Ridl retired several seasons later, Grgurich was named head coach at Pitt for the 1975–1976 season. After two rebuilding seasons he coached Pitt to 3 consecutive winning seasons in his 5 total seasons there, and a post season bid in 1980. Grgurich finished with a record of 69–70, as his mostly undermanned teams were noted for playing with high energy, enthusiasm, and interesting defensive schemes. Grgurich continued those defensive stratagems while serving as the top assistant coach at UNLV, culminating with winning the NCAA championship in 1990 over top-ranked Duke. UNLV was also ranked #1 for all of 1991 and reached the Final Four again that year.
Grgurich has served as an assistant coach for several NBA teams including extended stays with the Seattle SuperSonics under fellow Pittsburgher George Karl. During his time in Seattle, the Sonics reached the NBA finals in 1996. Seattle's teams were noted for their defensive prowess implemented by Grgurich. Grgurich also was an assistant with the Portland Trail Blazers and the Denver Nuggets, again under George Karl. Grgurich has been sought after for his trusted knowledge of the game and his vast defensive coaching abilities and the enthusiasm he brings to the game. For the 2010–11 season he was hired as an assistant coach/consultant by fellow Pittsburgher and owner of the Dallas Mavericks, Mark Cuban. Since then, Grgurich has had similar consulting roles with the Denver Nuggets, Cleveland Cavaliers, and Milwaukee Bucks.
Head coaching record
References
Bibliography
Footnotes
External links
Tim Grgurich profile at NBA.com
1942 births
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Pennsylvania
Dallas Mavericks assistant coaches
Denver Nuggets assistant coaches
Detroit Pistons assistant coaches
Phoenix Suns assistant coaches
Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball coaches
Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball players
Portland Trail Blazers assistant coaches
Seattle SuperSonics assistant coaches
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh
UNLV Runnin' Rebels basketball coaches
Basketball players from Pittsburgh
Central Catholic High School (Pittsburgh) alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Grgurich
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Charles G. "Buzz" Ridl (June 27, 1920 – April 28, 1995) was an American college head coach of men's basketball born in the Pittsburgh suburb of Irwin, Pennsylvania.
He was the long-time coach at Westminster College in Pennsylvania, until 1968 when he was tapped for Division I by the Pittsburgh Panthers. He resurrected a failing program after former coach Timmons lost control of his once competitive team in the midst of the late 1960s protest culture. Along with defensive coordinator Fran Webster and assistant Tim Grgurich, Ridl developed the often duplicated "Amoeba defense" and shocked the basketball world with it in 1973-1974 with a school record 22 straight wins and an Elite Eight appearance. He was inducted into the NAIA Hall of Fame (1969), Western Pennsylvania Coaches Hall of Fame (1980), and the Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame (1992).
Ridl's win–loss record at Pitt was 97-83 (.539).
References
Mention of Ridl's death
1920 births
1995 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
Basketball coaches from Pennsylvania
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
People from Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
People from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball coaches
Sportspeople from the Pittsburgh metropolitan area
Westminster Titans men's basketball coaches
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Ridl
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"Wild Eyed Boy from Freecloud" is a song written by David Bowie, first recorded in June 1969 and released as a B-side to his single "Space Oddity". Bowie then rerecorded the song for his second eponymous album (released in the U.S. as Man of Words, Man of Music by Mercury and reissued by RCA in 1972 as Space Oddity).
The single version has sparse instrumentation: guitar (played by Bowie) and arco bass (by Paul Buckmaster). The album version, recorded in July/August 1969, features a full orchestral arrangement by Tony Visconti and is said to be the debut on a Bowie record of Mick Ronson, contributing uncredited lead guitar and handclaps midway through the track.
Bowie himself said of the song: "It was about the disassociated, the ones who feel as though they're left outside, which was how I felt about me. I always felt I was on the edge of events, the fringe of things, and left out. A lot of my characters in those early years seem to revolve around that feeling. It must have come from my own interior puzzlement at where I was".
Other releases
The single version was released as the B-side to "Space Oddity" and "Ragazzo solo, ragazza sola", prior to the album version. (One release of "Space Oddity" mistakenly rendered the B-side's title as "Wild Eyed Boy from Freedom".) It later appeared on the Sound + Vision box set in 1989, on a 2-CD special edition of Bowie's second self-titled album in 2009, and, in its original UK mono version, on Re:Call 1, part of the Five Years (1969–1973) compilation released in 2015.
Bowie played this song on Sound of the 70s, a BBC Radio Session with Andy Ferris on 25 March 1970. This recording, broadcast in April 1970, was released in 2000 on Bowie at the Beeb.
A live version recorded at the Hammersmith Odeon, London, on 3 July 1973 was released on Ziggy Stardust: The Motion Picture (1983). The song was played as a part of a medley with "All the Young Dudes" and "Oh! You Pretty Things".
The track appeared on the Japanese compilation The Best of David Bowie in 1974.
A piano, orchestra and choir version of the track appears on the Rick Wakeman album Piano Odyssey, released on Sony Music in 2018.
Personnel
According to Chris O'Leary:
Single version
David Bowie – lead vocal, 12-string acoustic guitar, handclaps
Paul Buckmaster – arco bass
Gus Dudgeon – producer
Album version
David Bowie – lead vocal, 12-string acoustic guitar, arranger
Tony Visconti – bass, arranger, producer
John Cambridge – drums, percussion
Unknown musicians – orchestra
References
Sources
David Bowie songs
1969 songs
Songs written by David Bowie
Song recordings produced by Gus Dudgeon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild%20Eyed%20Boy%20from%20Freecloud
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A noise barrier (also called a soundwall, noise wall, sound berm, sound barrier, or acoustical barrier) is an exterior structure designed to protect inhabitants of sensitive land use areas from noise pollution. Noise barriers are the most effective method of mitigating roadway, railway, and industrial noise sources –
other than cessation of the source activity or use of source controls.
In the case of surface transportation noise, other methods of reducing the source noise intensity include encouraging the use of hybrid and electric vehicles, improving automobile aerodynamics and tire design, and choosing low-noise paving material. Extensive use of noise barriers began in the United States after noise regulations were introduced in the early 1970s.
History
Noise barriers have been built in the United States since the mid-twentieth century, when vehicular traffic burgeoned. I-680 in Milpitas, California was the first noise barrier. In the late 1960s, analytic acoustical technology emerged to mathematically evaluate the efficacy of a noise barrier design adjacent to a specific roadway. By the 1990s, noise barriers that included use of transparent materials were being designed in Denmark and other western European countries.
The best of these early computer models considered the effects of roadway geometry, topography, vehicle volumes, vehicle speeds, truck mix, road surface type, and micro-meteorology. Several U.S. research groups developed variations of the computer modeling techniques: Caltrans Headquarters in Sacramento, California; the ESL Inc. group in Sunnyvale, California; the Bolt, Beranek and Newman group in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and a research team at the University of Florida. Possibly the earliest published work that scientifically designed a specific noise barrier was the study for the Foothill Expressway in Los Altos, California.
Numerous case studies across the U.S. soon addressed dozens of different existing and planned highways. Most were commissioned by state highway departments and conducted by one of the four research groups mentioned above. The U.S. National Environmental Policy Act, enacted in 1970, effectively mandated the quantitative analysis of noise pollution from every Federal-Aid Highway Act Project in the country, propelling noise barrier model development and application. With passage of the Noise Control Act of 1972, demand for noise barrier design soared from a host of noise regulation spinoff.
By the late 1970s, more than a dozen research groups in the U.S. were applying similar computer modeling technology and addressing at least 200 different locations for noise barriers each year. , this technology is considered a standard in the evaluation of noise pollution from highways. The nature and accuracy of the computer models used is nearly identical to the original 1970s versions of the technology.
Small and purposeful gaps exist in most noise barriers to allow firefighters to access nearby fire hydrants and pull through fire hoses, which are usually denoted by a sign indicating the nearest cross street, and a pictogram of a fire hydrant, though some hydrant gaps channel the hoses through small culvert channels beneath the wall.
Design
The acoustical science of noise barrier design is based upon treating an airway or railway as a line source. The theory is based upon blockage of sound ray travel toward a particular receptor; however, diffraction of sound must be addressed. Sound waves bend (downward) when they pass an edge, such as the apex of a noise barrier. Barriers that block line of sight of a highway or other source will therefore block more sound. Further complicating matters is the phenomenon of refraction, the bending of sound rays in the presence of an inhomogeneous atmosphere. Wind shear and thermocline produce such inhomogeneities. The sound sources modeled must include engine noise, tire noise, and aerodynamic noise, all of which vary by vehicle type and speed.
The noise barrier may be constructed on private land, on a public right-of-way, or on other public land. Because sound levels are measured using a logarithmic scale, a reduction of nine decibels is equivalent to elimination of approximately 86 percent of the unwanted sound power.
Materials
Several different materials may be used for sound barriers. These materials can include masonry, earthwork (such as earth berm), steel, concrete, wood, plastics, insulating wool, or composites. Walls that are made of absorptive material mitigate sound differently than hard surfaces. It is also possible to make noise barriers with active materials such as solar photovoltaic panels to generate electricity while also reducing traffic noise.
A wall with porous surface material and sound-dampening content material can be absorptive where little or no noise is reflected back towards the source or elsewhere. Hard surfaces such as masonry or concrete are considered to be reflective where most of the noise is reflected back towards the noise source and beyond.
Noise barriers can be effective tools for noise pollution abatement, but certain locations and topographies are not suitable for use of noise barriers. Cost and aesthetics also play a role in the choice of noise barriers. In some cases, a roadway is surrounded by a noise abatement structure or dug into a tunnel using the cut-and-cover method.
Disadvantages
Potential disadvantages of noise barriers include:
Blocked vision for motorists and rail passengers. Glass elements in noise screens can reduce visual obstruction, but require regular cleaning
Aesthetic impact on land- and townscape
An expanded target for graffiti, unsanctioned guerilla advertising, and vandalism
Creation of spaces hidden from view and social control (e.g. at railway stations)
Possibility of bird–window collisions for large and clear barriers
Effects on air pollution
Roadside noise barriers have been shown to reduce the near-road air pollution concentration levels. Within 15–50 m from the roadside, air pollution concentration levels at the lee side of the noise barriers may be reduced by up to 50% compared to open road values.
Noise barriers force the pollution plumes coming from the road to move up and over the barrier creating the effect of an elevated source and enhancing vertical dispersion of the plume. The deceleration and the deflection of the initial flow by the noise barrier force the plume to disperse horizontally. A highly turbulent shear zone characterized by slow velocities and a re-circulation cavity is created in the lee of the barrier which further enhances the dispersion; this mixes ambient air with the pollutants downwind behind the barrier.
See also
Health effects from noise
Noise control
Safety barrier
Soundproofing
References
External links
Environmental engineering
Noise pollution
Noise control
Road infrastructure
Acoustics
Sound
1970s introductions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise%20barrier
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Robert Timmons (November 23, 1912 – April 29, 2004) was head coach of the University of Pittsburgh's men's basketball team, the Pittsburgh Panthers, from 1957 to 1968. Timmons' win–loss record at Pittsburgh was 174–189 (.479). He was a lieutenant in the South Pacific with the US Navy from 1942 to 1945. Timmons died in the Pittsburgh suburb of Glenshaw, Pennsylvania.
References
1912 births
2004 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
United States Navy personnel of World War II
IUP Crimson Hawks men's basketball coaches
Pittsburgh Panthers men's basketball coaches
United States Navy officers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Timmons
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Ahaus (; Westphalian: Ausen) is a town in the district of Borken in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the border with the Netherlands, lying some 20 km south-east of Enschede and 15 km south from Gronau. Ahaus is the location of one of Germany's interim storage facilities for radioactive spent fuel.
History
The first written mention of the aristocratic seat of Haus an der Aa dates from around 1030. Around 1120, Bernhard von Diepenheim had Ahaus Castle built where Ahaus Castle stands today. In 1154 his son Lifhard called himself von Ahaus for the first time. The lords of Ahaus belonged to the smaller noble dynasties in Westphalia in the wider environment of the Munster bishops. They got into a fight with them in 1176 when the nobleman Johann von Ahaus gave his castle as a fief to the Archbishop of Cologne. In 1177, however, John had to surrender to Prince Bishop Hermann II of Munstersubdue. The castles of Ahaus and Diepenheim, which belonged to the noble lords of Ahaus, were destroyed. Nevertheless, the noble lords remained in possession of their rule.
In 1389 the noble lords of Ahaus granted the castle settlement an excise privilege. Two years later, Ahaus received city rights. In 1406, the Prince-Bishop of Munster, Otto IV von Hoya, bought the lordship of Ahaus and incorporated it into the Bishopric of Munster. It was combined by the Bishopric of Münster together with 24 parishes, which extended over large parts of West Münsterland, to form the Amt of Ahaus . It lasted until it was dissolved by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803.
Twin towns – sister cities
Ahaus is twinned with:
Argentré-du-Plessis, France
Haaksbergen, Netherlands
Notable people
Friedrich Koechling (1893–1970), officer, general of infantry
Michael Denhoff (born 1955), composer and cellist
Jens Spahn (born 1980), politician (CDU), Member of Bundestag
Heike Wermer (born 1988), CDU politician
Urszula Radwańska (born 1990), Polish tennis player
Stefan Thesker (born 1991), footballer
See also
Gesellschaft für Nuklear-Service
Eintracht Ahaus
References
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Borken (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahaus
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Pagan Occult Distribution System Network (PODSnet) was a neopagan/occult computer network of Pagan Sysops and Sysops carrying Pagan/Magickal/Occult oriented echoes operating on an international basis, with FIDO Nodes in Australia, Canada, Germany, the U.K., and across the USA. PODSnet grew rapidly, and at its height, was the largest privately distributed network of Pagans, Occultists, and other people of an esoteric bent on this planet.
Origins
PODSnet grew out of an Echomail area/public forum (Echo) named MAGICK on FidoNet, which was created by J. Brad Hicks, the Sysop of the Weirdbase BBS back in 1985. MAGICK was the 8th Echo conference created on FidoNet. It quickly grew to 12 systems, and then went international when the first Canadian Pagan BBS, Solsbury Hill (Farrell McGovern, Sysop), joined. This was just a hint of its growth to come.
Another early expansion was the addition of two more echoes, MUNDANE and METAPHYSICAL.
MUNDANE was created to move all "chat"; that is personal discussions, and other conversations that were of a non-pagan or magickal nature. Simultaneously, METAPHYSICAL was created for long, "article-style" posts of information on full rituals, papers and essays of a Pagan, Occult or Magickal nature.
These three were bundled as the "Magicknet Trio". If a BBS carried one, they had to carry all three.
At its height, there were over 50 "official" echoes that were considered part of the PODSNet backbone, with several others available.
Structure
Similarly to FidoNet, PODSnet was organized into Zones, Regions, Networks, Nodes and Points; however, unlike FidoNet, these were not geographically determined, as the individual SysOp would determine from where to receive the network feed. Additionally, Points were more common within PODSnet due to the specialized nature of the network.
Like many open source and standards-based technology projects, FidoNet grew rapidly, and then forked. The addition of Zones to the Fidonet technology allowed for easier routing of email internationally, and the creation of networks outside of the control of International Fido Net Association (IFNA). As a number of associated Echos were added to the Magicknet Trio, the Sysops who carried them collectively decided to form their own network, the Pagan Occult Distribution System, or PODSnet. It asked for the zone number of 93, as the other popular occult-oriented zone numbers, 5 and 23 (see Discordianism) were already reserved.
PODSNet Book of Shadows
One of the most enduring contributions to the online world was a collection of rituals, articles poetry and discussion collected by Paul Seymour of the Riders of the Crystal Wind, and often referred to as either the Internet Book of Shadows or the PODSNet Book of Shadows. These volumes (there are seven in all) are, in fact, a collection of rituals, spells, recipes, messages, and essays from and among members of PODSNet.
As PodsNet users came from various religious paths, from Asatru to Zen Buddhist, and their contributions as well as topical messages were compiled two to three times a year during the life of PODSNet.
Since the end of the BBS era, these files have circulated online on a number of services, often with introductory material stripped, and offered for sale on sites such as eBay.com. Charging money for the collection is in direct violation of the copyright notice within the volumes that the material is offered free of charge; additionally, portions of the content are under individual copyright by a variety of publishers, including Weiser, Llewellyn Publishing and others, as some texts were extracted in their entirety from published books. Other pieces have subsequently been formally published by their authors, including Dorothy Morrison, Mike Nichols and Isaac Bonewits, among others.
References
External links
Internet Archive of The PODSnet Internet home (official site temporary offline)
J. Brad Hick's Homepage
Jay Loveless's PODSnet page. Jay was one of PODSnet's administrators. (Page retrieved from the Internet Archive Wayback Machine as IO.COM is no longer on-line.)
PODSNet Alumni Group on Facebook
PODSnet "General Chat" Echo on Yahoo! Groups
Vice's article on PODSnet by Tamlin Magee
PODSNet modern forum
Bulletin board systems
Modern paganism and technology
Wide area networks
Modern pagan websites
1980s in modern paganism
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PODSnet
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The Canadian Geophysical Union (French: Union géophysique canadienne) (CGU) began as a society dedicated to the scientific study of the solid earth and has evolved into one that is concerned with all aspects of the physical study of Earth and its space environment, including the Sun and solar system. To express this broader vision of the geophysical sciences, the Union has adopted a sectional structure that allows individual sections to function as semi-autonomous entities.
Goals
Advance and promote the scientific study of Earth and its environment in space and to serve as a national focus for the geophysical sciences in Canada.
Foster cooperation between the Canadian geophysical community and other national and international scientific organizations.
Encourage communication through the organization and sponsorship of conferences and the publication of scientific results.
Promote integration of geophysical knowledge with that of other sciences concerned with the improvement of life on Earth.
History
On October 24, 1945, the National Research Council (NRC) of Canada convened the first meeting of an Associate Committee to advise it on the needs of geophysics, with J.T.Wilson as the Chairman of the committee. In 1946, this committee was amalgamated with the Canadian committee for the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) to form the Associate Committee of Geodesy and Geophysics (ACGG) of the NRC. Activities of geophysicists in Canada were coordinated by ACGG by forming a number of subcommittees. In 1974, the ACGG was replaced by a professional society called "The Canadian Geophysical Union, a joined Division of the Geological Association of Canada (GAC) and of the Canadian Association of Physicists (CAP)", and with J.T.Wilson as its first president. The Canadian Geophysical Union became an independent organization in 1988, but today geophysicists still can join CGU by joining CAP or the Geophysics Division of GAC. In 1993, the CGU formed a Hydrology Section. Now with about 500 members, CGU serves as the national focus for geophysical sciences.
Activities
To promote scientific communication, the CGU organizes Annual Meetings, topical conferences and workshops. To recognize outstanding scientific achievement and contributions to the Canadian geophysical sciences, the CGU offers various awards ranging from Best Student Paper awards to the J. Tuzo Wilson Medal, honouring Canada's premier geophysicist and first medal recipient. To communicate exciting research results to the university community and the general public, the CGU sponsors a nationwide Distinguished Lecturer Series and facilitates other forms of public exposure of science. To strengthen the geophysical sciences in Canada and Canadian science in general, the CGU provides representation on the Canadian Geosciences Council and the Canadian National Committee for the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.
See also
List of geoscience organizations
National Geographic Society
External links
CGU Official Website
Earth sciences societies
Geophysics societies
Geology societies
Learned societies of Canada
Scientific societies based in Canada
Scientific organizations based in Canada
Scientific organizations established in 1974
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20Geophysical%20Union
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In human genetics, the Atlantic modal haplotype (AMH) or haplotype 15 is a Y chromosome haplotype of Y-STR microsatellite variations, associated with the Haplogroup R1b. It was discovered prior to many of the SNPs now used to identify subclades of R1b and references to it can be found in some of the older literature. It corresponds most closely with subclade R1b1a2a1a(1) [L11].
The AMH is the most frequently occurring haplotype amongst human males in Atlantic Europe. It is characterized by the following marker alleles:
DYS388 12
DYS390 24
DYS391 11
DYS392 13
DYS393 13
DYS394 14 (also known as DYS19)
It reaches the highest frequencies in the Iberian Peninsula, in Great Britain and Ireland. In the Iberian Peninsula it reaches 70% in Portugal as a whole, more than 90% in NW Portugal and nearly 90% in Galicia (NW Spain), while the highest value is to be found among Spain and the Basques.
One mutation in either direction, would be AMH 1.15+. The AMH 1.15 set of haplotypes is also referred to as the Atlantic modal cluster or AMC.
See also
Modal haplotype
Haplotype
Haplogroup
Haplogroup R1b
List of Y-STR markers
External links
Some Haplotype Definitions
Some Variations of DYS390
A PNAS article on AMH and variations on the British Isles
Human Y-DNA modal haplotypes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic%20modal%20haplotype
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"Behind the Sun" is a song by the Red Hot Chili Peppers from their 1987 album, The Uplift Mofo Party Plan although was not released as a single until 1992 when it was used to promote the band's What Hits!? compilation album. The song charted at number 7 on the US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart and in New Zealand as well as number 37 on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart.
Background
The band had originally wanted to release the song as a single back in 1987 however the label refused to release it because they felt it was too melodic and didn't represent the band's sound. It would not be released as a single until 1992 to promote the What Hits!? compilation album, a hits package EMI released to cash in on the band's newfound major label mainstream success thanks to their album Blood Sugar Sex Magik and the hit ballad, "Under the Bridge".
The song is the only song from the Slovak era to have made it to the charts (although it was released after his death). Slovak's brother (James Slovak) named Hillel's biography Behind the Sun. During March 2012, The Weather Channel began using an instrumental demo version of the song as background music for its Local on the 8s segments.
Music video
The music video was released on November 9, 1992, and received heavy rotation on MTV. The video features a mixture of animation and footage of the band from their 1989 "Higher Ground" music video. John Frusciante and Chad Smith appear in the video even though they didn't play on the song and were not with the band at the time it was recorded.
Live performances
As of 2023 the song has never been performed live. In 1987, the band gave a lip-synched performance of "Behind the Sun" at the United Cerebral Palsy Telethon.
Flea explained in an interview that the band wasn't pleased with how the song sounded live. However, despite it never being performed live, it has been teased by the band quite a few times over the years in their live performances, with its intro being teased on the band's One Hot Minute tour during "Give It Away". On September 10, 2012, the song was once again teased while the band was performing in Tel Aviv for the first time. It was teased right before "Under the Bridge" was played.
Track listing
Promo 12" inch single (1987)
"Behind the Sun" (Album)
"Special Secret Song Inside" (Album)
Cassette single (1992)
"Behind the Sun" (Album)
"Higher Ground" (Pearly 12")
Promo CD single (1992)
"Behind the Sun" (Edit)
"Behind the Sun" (Album)
CD single (1992) (Also known as 'The Chili Digi' in Digipack)
"Behind the Sun" (album)
"Higher Ground" (Pearly 12")
"If You Want Me to Stay" (Pink Mustang Mix)
"Knock Me Down" (Album)
Promo Jukebox 7" single (1992)
"Behind the Sun" (album)
"Fire" (album)
Charts
References
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
1987 songs
1992 singles
EMI Records singles
Capitol Records singles
Songs written by Hillel Slovak
Songs written by Flea (musician)
Songs written by Anthony Kiedis
Songs written by Jack Irons
Song recordings produced by Michael Beinhorn
American psychedelic rock songs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behind%20the%20Sun%20%28Red%20Hot%20Chili%20Peppers%20song%29
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Cahir Healy (2 December 1877 – 8 February 1970) was an Irish politician.
Background
Born in Mountcharles in County Donegal, Ireland he became a journalist working on various local papers. He joined Sinn Féin on its foundation in 1905.
Opposition to partition
Healy later became a Anti Partisionist and campaigned against the inclusion of County Fermanagh and County Tyrone into Northern Ireland, arguing that they had Irish nationalist majorities (see Partition of Ireland). With the pending partition of Ireland Healy worked with the cabinet of the southern Irish parliament (Second Dáil) and in 1922 was a member of Michael Collin's special Advisory Committee on the North-East. In August 1921 Healy was part of a Fermanagh nationalist delegation that met with President Éamon de Valera where they made clear their feelings on a Northern Irish Parliament: "Fermanagh by a large majority...resolved that it would not submit to the partition parliament in Ulster." In a letter from Lloyd George to de Valera (dated 7 September 1921) regarding the inclusion of Tyrone and Fermanagh into a new northern state, the British Prime Minister stated that his government had a very weak case on the issue of "forcing these two counties against their will" into Northern Ireland.
Following the 22 May 1922 assassination of William J. Twaddell (a Unionist Member of Parliament in Belfast) Healy was interned for eighteen months along with 300 others under brutal conditions on the prison ship HMS Argenta. Healy is quoted on the reasons for his arrest and internment: "All my life, I have been a man of peace. It is not, therefore, because they feared that I would disturb the peace of Northern Ireland that they dragged me away from my wife and family, but for political reasons. I have been engaged in preparing the case for the inclusion of these areas (Fermanagh and Tyrone) in the Free State. To get me out of the way, local politicians urged my arrest."
Parliamentary representative
Healy was elected in the 1922 UK general election to represent Fermanagh and Tyrone as a Nationalist Party MP, with the support of Sinn Féin. Healy was re-elected in 1923, but remained in custody until February 1924 and was prohibited from entering the western part of County Fermanagh (he did not defend his seat). In June 1924 Healy pressed the government to compensate the thousands of Northern Ireland citizens that were forced to flee Belfast during serious sectarian rioting/violence (see The Troubles in Northern Ireland (1920–1922)).
Healy was also elected to the Northern Ireland House of Commons in the 1925 Northern Ireland general election, but did not take his seat until 1927 due to the Nationalist abstentionist policy. In his fight against partition, Healy did not support the use of physical force or abstentionism: "...physical force only consolidates Unionist opinion against us, and result in injury to Catholics as a whole...if abstention is to become a policy...it should be abstention from public boards...as well as refusal to pay rates and taxes. If this policy of civil disobedience is not feasible (and I admit it is not), then abstention from Stormont is just an insincere gesture." In 1928 Healy and the influential nationalist politician Joe Devlin became founder members of the National League of the North which was committed to bringing about Irish reunification through consent and parliamentary means. Whenever Healy or Devlin raised issues relating to Northern Ireland (in both the British and Northern Ireland Parliaments), they were routinely ruled out of order. In 1929, with the break-up of the large Fermanagh and Tyrone constituency, he switched to sit for the new seat of South Fermanagh. In a 1931 by-election he was again elected for Fermanagh and Tyrone to the British Parliament but stood down again in 1935. In a 24 April 1934 speech on the floor of the Northern Ireland Parliament Healy made clear his feelings on the ruling Unionist government and its treatment of Catholics:
World War II and beyond
Healy was interned again by the United Kingdom government for a year during the Second World War, under Defence Regulation 18B and held in Brixton Prison until December 1942. After the war Healy helped launch the broad based Irish Anti-Partition League which worked to foster public and political opinion, in Britain and the United States, against partition . Healy also worked with the Labour Party in Britain and helped establish the parliamentary pressure group Friends of Ireland (UK). In 1945 Healy wrote the widely read anti partition pamphlet The Mutilation of a Nation which sold over 10.000 copies. In 1950 he was elected to the British House of Commons for a third time, on this occasion representing Fermanagh and South Tyrone. He finally sat in the British Parliament in 1952 and held the seat until he stood down in 1955. He left the Northern Ireland House of Commons in 1965, by which point he was the Father of the House.
Later life
Healy became an insurance official in Enniskillen but continued to write, his output including journalism, poetry and short stories. He was a correspondent for a number of Irish and American papers. Over the years Healy wrote hundreds of historical articles, scripts and plays for the Irish, British and United States media. Possessing a special interest in Irish history and folklore, in the 1960s he was a founder of the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum. Cahir Healy was a leader of northern nationalists and a self-educated man who made major contributions to Ireland's political, cultural and literary heritage. He died on 8 February 1970.
References
External links
1877 births
1970 deaths
Early Sinn Féin politicians
Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland for County Fermanagh constituencies
Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland for Fermanagh and Tyrone
Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1925–1929
Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1929–1933
Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1933–1938
Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1938–1945
Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1945–1949
Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1949–1953
Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1953–1958
Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1958–1962
Members of the House of Commons of Northern Ireland 1962–1965
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Fermanagh and Tyrone (1922–1950)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Fermanagh and South Tyrone (since 1950)
Nationalist Party (Ireland) politicians
People detained under Defence Regulation 18B
People from Mountcharles
Politicians from County Donegal
UK MPs 1922–1923
UK MPs 1923–1924
UK MPs 1931–1935
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
Writers from County Donegal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahir%20Healy
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The A-91 is a bullpup assault rifle developed during the 1990s by KBP Instrument Design Bureau in Tula, Soviet Union as an offspring of the 9A-91 firearm family.
Design
The A-91 retains the simple gas-operated, rotating bolt action and a trigger unit design from the 9A-91, it features a bullpup polymer housing, with an integral 40 mm single-shot grenade launcher mounted under the barrel. The earliest prototypes of the A-91 bullpup were added with the grenade launcher above the barrel, and with a frontal vertical foregrip; current models are fitted with the underbarrel launcher, which serves as a forearm. The A-91 has a forward ejection system, initially developed in Tula by designers like Afanasiev during the early 1960s. In this system, the ejection port is located right above the pistol grip, and is directed forward. Extracted cases go from bolt head through the short ejection tube to the ejection port, and fall out of the gun well clear of the shooter's face, even when firing from the left shoulder. As for now, the A-91 is made in small numbers and, probably, is used by some elite police units in Russia; it is also offered for export and domestic military and police sales.
ADS amphibious rifle
In early XXI century designers at KBP designed a dual medium rifle called ADS. The rifle is heavily based on the A-91, but can use 5.45×39mm PSP underwater cartridge. The rifle is in service with Russian combat divers.
Gallery
See also
ADS amphibious rifle
External links
Firearms Russia
5.45×39mm assault rifles
5.56×45mm NATO assault rifles
7.62×39mm assault rifles
Assault rifles of Russia
Bullpup rifles
Caseless firearms
Grenade launchers of Russia
KBP Instrument Design Bureau products
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-91
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Gescher is a municipality in the district of Borken, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the border with the Netherlands. It is most often known for its bell work, and it includes a Museum of Bells.
Geography
Gescher is surrounded by farming communities and can be seen as more of a rural town.
Farming Communities and Suburbs
Farming Communities and suburbs belonging to Gescher include:
Harwick
Estern
Büren
Tungerloh-Capellen
Tungerloh-Pröbsting
Hochmoor
Location
Gescher is located in the western half of the Regierungsbezirk, Münsterland. It finds itself within the District of Borken, just to the south of Stadtlohn. To the east lies the District of Coesfeld, and the Dutch border can be found to the west.
The river, Berkel runs through Gescher and used to be used extensively to deliver goods between Dutch towns and Münster.
History
The early history of Gescher starts as a connecting stop on a postal route running from Muenster to the Netherlands. In 1570, Gescher suffered an enormous village-wide fire that destroyed the entire town. During the time of reconstruction, many looters came over from the Netherlands to take advantage of the unfortunate situation. After the Second World War, Gescher was under the control of Mr. Ball and the British sovereignty in Germany. Gescher was under the authority of Kreis Coesfeld up until 1975 when Gescher was pulled into Kreis Borken.
Population Changes over the Years
Local council (Rat)
Elections in 2014: Vote share and seats
CDU 41,7 %=14 seats
SPD 24,2 %= 8 seats
UWG 14,6 %= 5 seats
The Greens 13,1 %= 5 seats
FDP 6,3 %= 2 seats
Total 34 seats
Infrastructure
Transportation
Private
The Bundesautobahn 31 connects Gescher with the Ruhr Region and the North Sea.
The Bundesstrasse 525 connects Gescher with the Dutch border and Nottuln/Bundesautobahn 43.
Public
Bus
Westfalenbus operates a few scheduled bus services through Gescher:
Rail
Up until 1985, Gescher was on the railroad offering services between Empel and Muenster. The old train station building can still be seen on the southside of Gescher.
Air
The closest general aviation airport is Stadtlohn-Vreden Airport, located about 15 kilometers from Gescher. The closest airport with scheduled commercial traffic is Münster Osnabrück Airport, which is located about 50 kilometers away from Gescher. A way bigger alternative is the Düsseldorf Airport, which is located about 85 kilometers from Gescher.
Sons and daughters of the city
Heinrich Hörnemann (1906-1977), farmer and German politician (CDU), Member of Bundestag 1961-1969
Peter Schmidt (born 1944), German writer, multiple recipient (first and second place) of the Deutscher Krimi Preis
August Wessing (1880-1945), Catholic clergyman and NS victim, died in Dachau concentration camp
G. Mescher (2000), Naamgenoot van de stad
Photos
References
External links
Official site
Borken (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gescher
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Killer Condom () is a 1996 comedy horror film directed by from a screenplay he co-wrote with Ralf König, based on the comic books Kondom des Grauens and Bis auf die Knochen (Down to the Bones) by König.
It was distributed in the United States by Troma Entertainment, which promoted the film at the Cannes Film Festival with the help of "a six-foot-long fanged condom".
Plot
In the seedy parts of New York City, gay Detective Luigi Mackeroni has been hired to investigate a series of bizarre attacks at the Hotel Quickie in which male guests have all had their penises mysteriously bitten off. While at the crime scene, he enlists the services of a gigolo named Billy and invites him up to the crime room. Before the two men engage in sex, a carnivorous living condom interrupts them and bites off Mackeroni's right testicle.
Now on a personal vendetta, Mackeroni begins his lone quest to not only bring a stop to the rash of condom attacks, but also to face his true feelings toward Billy the gigolo.
Cast
Reception
At the time of its 1998 U.S. theatrical release, New York Times reviewer Lawrence Van Gelder said that this Troma release had "a level of deadpan humor considerably above the company's usual adolescent subnorm", and that in addition to the usual gore, the film "also deals with dislocation, urban anomie, love and tolerance". On the other hand, Los Angeles Times critic Kevin Thomas called it a "strained, tedious sex-horror comedy that doesn't travel well".
Otto Sander's "manic" performance in this "cult classic" has been cited as a "good example of his comic gifts". In an essay entitled "When Condoms Go Bad: From Safe Sex to Five Microns to Killer Condom", film critic Thuy Daojensen has written that the film, despite its "third rate special effects", provides "comic relief while reflecting tension and anxiety over sexual activity for procreation versus merely for pleasure."
Home media
The film was restored in 4K resolution from its 35mm original camera negative and released on Blu-ray by Vinegar Syndrome in 2023.
References
External links
1996 films
1996 comedy horror films
1996 LGBT-related films
1990s German films
1990s German-language films
Condoms
Films about gigolos
Films based on German comics
Films set in hotels
Films set in New York City
Foreign films set in the United States
Gay-related films
German comedy horror films
German detective films
German LGBT-related films
LGBT-related comedy horror films
Live-action films based on comics
Swiss comedy horror films
Swiss detective films
Swiss LGBT-related films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer%20Condom
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In human anatomy, the facial skeleton of the skull the external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the mandibular symphysis (Latin: symphysis menti) or line of junction where the two lateral halves of the mandible typically fuse at an early period of life (1-2 years). It is not a true symphysis as there is no cartilage between the two sides of the mandible.
This ridge divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle. The lowest (most inferior) end of the mandibular symphysis — the point of the chin — is called the "menton".
It serves as the origin for the geniohyoid and the genioglossus muscles.
Other animals
Solitary mammalian carnivores that rely on a powerful canine bite to subdue their prey have a strong mandibular symphysis, while pack hunters delivering shallow bites have a weaker one. When filter feeding, the baleen whales, of the suborder Mysticeti, can dynamically expand their oral cavity in order to accommodate enormous volumes of sea water. This is made possible thanks to its mandibular skull joints, especially the elastic mandibular symphysis which permits both dentaries to be rotated independently in two planes. This flexible jaw, which made the titanic body sizes of baleen whales possible, is not present in early whales and most likely evolved within Mysticeti.
References
Notes
Sources
Bones of the head and neck
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibular%20symphysis
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The Best of Judas Priest: Living After Midnight is a compilation album of Judas Priest's hits, dating from their 1978 album Killing Machine (Hell Bent for Leather in the United States) through Painkiller (1990). This album was released in 1997. In 2009 the album was reported to have sold 564,000 copies in the United States.
In the booklet, the band lists its entire Sony/Columbia discography. As a result, tracks from the group's first two albums Rocka Rolla and Sad Wings of Destiny are not featured, having been recorded for Gull Records and for which the band no longer owned the copyright.
In 2002, Sony made a reissue with 18 songs and a different track list.
Track listing
2002 reissue
Better by You Better than Me - 3.22
Take on the World - 3.02
The Green Manalishi (With the Two-Pronged Crown) - 3.24
Living After Midnight - 3.31
Breaking the Law - 2.35
United - 3.30
Hot Rockin' - 3.16
You've Got Another Thing Comin' - 5.09
The Hellion / Electric Eye - 4.22
Freewheel Burning - 4.24
Some Heads Are Gonna Roll - 4.07
Turbo Lover - 5.31
Locked In - 4.20
Johnny B. Goode - 4.39
Ram It Down - 4.50
Painkiller - 6.06
A Touch of Evil - 5.44
Night Crawler - 5.43
Personnel
Rob Halford: vocals
K.K. Downing: guitar
Glenn Tipton: guitar
Ian Hill: bass
Scott Travis: drums on track 12
Dave Holland: drums on tracks 2–11, 13
Les Binks: drums on track 1, 14–16
References
1997 greatest hits albums
Judas Priest compilation albums
Columbia Records compilation albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Best%20of%20Judas%20Priest%3A%20Living%20After%20Midnight
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"Jungle Man" is a song by the American rock band Red Hot Chili Peppers from their 1985 album, Freaky Styley. It was released as the album's first single, however failed to chart. A music video released around the same time of the album's release on August 16, 1985. The band couldn't get a proper music video released, so manager Lindy Goetz used different clips of live performances of the song from May 1985 to January 1986 edited together with the album version of the song playing on top.
In his autobiography "Scar Tissue", Anthony Kiedis reveals the song is an ode to his friend Flea: "this half man, half beast born in the belly of the volcano in Australia and using his thumb as a conductor of thunder on the bass".
Jason Birchmeier of AllMusic considered "Jungle Man" to be one of the highlights from the album.
Reception
John Leland at Spin said, "Take away the Chilis' glaring flaws and they're just another band. Much of this record sounds like a bunch of white guys playing funk. They do it with some élan, and Fred Wesley and the Horny Horns help, but they sacrifice some of their identity for the sake of competence.
Jason Birchmeier of AllMusic considered "Jungle Man" to be one of the highlights from the album.
Live Performances
"Jungle Man" made it's live debut in June 1985. It was performed around 24 times however it hasn't been performed live since February 1988.
Track listing
Promo 12" version
"Jungle Man" (album version)
"Nevermind" (album version)
"Stranded"
"Hollywood (Africa)" (7" version)
Personnel
Anthony Kiedis - lead vocals
Flea - backing vocals, bass guitar
Hillel Slovak - backing vocals, guitar
Cliff Martinez - drums
unknown - backing vocals
Production
George Clinton - producer
Greg Ward - mixing
References
Red Hot Chili Peppers songs
1985 singles
Songs written by Anthony Kiedis
Songs written by Flea (musician)
1985 songs
Songs written by Cliff Martinez
Songs written by Jack Sherman (guitarist)
pt:Jungle Man
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungle%20Man%20%28song%29
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Brentry is a suburb of north Bristol, England, between Henbury and Southmead which is spread along the southern edge of the Filton to Avonmouth railway line.
Description
The boundaries of Brentry are not well defined. The settlement grew around the junction of two roads, where a public house, the Old Crow, has long been established. The north-south road, Passage Road (now the A4018), was a turnpike road from Bristol to South Wales via New Passage or the Old Passage at Aust Ferry. When the new Filton By-Pass (now part of the M5 motorway) was opened in 1962, the route became an arterial road linking the new road to the centre of Bristol. The east-west route (B4057) is now of only local importance, but in the 1930s it carried A38 traffic by-passing Bristol. The through route was cut by the runway for the giant Bristol Brabazon aircraft built in 1949.
The area east of the junction was developed in the 20th century, and Brentry is now sometimes considered to extend as far as the Filton Golf Course, south of Filton Aerodrome, including an area east of Charlton Road known as Charlton Mead, named from the former hamlet of Charlton.
Brentry has a mix of private housing and former council housing. It has a primary school.
Pen Park Hole is a large cavern, to which access is strictly limited, near Brentry at the edge of Filton Golf Course.
Brentry Hospital was founded in 1898 as the Brentry Certified Inebriate Reformatory. The grounds, now known as Royal Victoria Park, are Grade II listed by English Heritage in the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens.
Industry
Brentry is a predominantly residential area. There are however pockets of industry and commerce namely Charlton Road, Charlton Lane and Wyck Beck Road. A former hospital laundry site just off Charlton Road now sees the Pieminister Pie Factory. On Charlton Road there is a row of shops with a hairdresser, convenience grocery store and take-aways. On Wyck Beck Road there is a car repair garage, blue glass retailer and car hire business.
The closest major commercial and industrial hubs are Avonmouth Docks where there is light and heavy industry. Cribbs Causeway is the nearest major retail hub. There are also major employment sites in nearby Filton where a significant regional aerospace presence can be found.
References
Areas of Bristol
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brentry
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Langwathby is a village and civil parish in northern Cumbria, and in the historic English county of Cumberland, about north east of Penrith on the A686 road. The village lies on the east bank of the River Eden. At the 2001 census the parish had a population of 748, increasing to 866 at the 2011 Census.
The village is centred on a large village green next to which stands St Peter's church, the village pub, the shop & post office, and the village hall. There is a primary school on the road to Little Salkeld and there are two garages.
Langwathby is the base of the 'Pride of Cumbria', one of the helicopters run by the Great North Air Ambulance Service
Etymology
'Langwathby' can be translated as 'long' ('lang'), 'ford' ('wath', Old Norse 'vað'), 'village' (Old English 'bȳ', Old Norse 'býr'), referring to the fording of the River Eden which runs along the edge of the village.
It is sometimes locally called Langanby.
History
In the 1600s, Langwathby moor was the site of a major racecourse. The last race was held in 1699.
The Settle to Carlisle Railway has a railway station in the village, built in 1876. The station building is now a cafe.
The parish includes the nearby village of Edenhall which was a separate parish until 1934.
The ford which gave the village its name was replaced by a three-arched sandstone toll bridge, which was washed away in 1968. A metal girder bridge was erected as a “temporary” replacement.
At Langwathby Hall was the visitor attraction and working ostrich farm called Eden Ostrich World, which closed in 2012.
Governance
An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward stretches north east to Gamblesby and south to Edenhall with a total population taken at the 2011 Census of 1,562.
Industry
At Langwathby there is a chicken processing factory and an animal feed mill.
At Barbary Plains just outside Edenhall, there was formerly a cement block works formerly owned by Hanson plc and later by RMC Group, part of Cemex. The site is now a depot and head office for a haulage company.
See also
Listed buildings in Langwathby
References
External links
Cumbria County History Trust: Langwathby (nb: provisional research only - see Talk page)
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Eden District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langwathby
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Gronau (; officially Gronau (Westf.), is a town in the district of Borken in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the border with the Netherlands, approx. 10 km east of Enschede. Documentary evidence of Gronau dates to 1365.
The city is divided into the districts of Gronau and Epe.
Notable people
The Dutch singer Rania Zeriri lives in Gronau. The Polish tennis player Agnieszka Radwańska grew up here; her father was a tennis coach at the local club. Blaise Nkufo, a Swiss footballer with African roots, former player of the Dutch football club FC Twente, lived in Gronau. , a German artist, grew up in Gronau.
Born in Gronau
Winfried Berkemeier (born 1953), footballer
Bernd Düker (born 1992), footballer
Rolf Eckrodt (born 1942), CEO of Mitsubishi Motors 2001–2005
Tim Hölscher (born 1995), footballer
Cengiz Koç (born 1977), former German heavyweight boxer of Turkish descent
(1938–2006), painter, elder brother of Udo Lindenberg
Udo Lindenberg (born 1946), singer and musician
Gregor Luthe (born 1970 in Epe), chemist, toxicologist, nanotechnologist, inventor and entrepreneur
Jens Wissing (born 1988), football player
(in German)
Transport
Gronau can be reached by road via the Autobahn A 30 and A 31, the Dutch Rijksweg 35, the Bundesstraße B 54n. Gronau (Westf) railway station connects Gronau with Enschede in the Netherlands via the Dortmund–Enschede railway and the Münster–Enschede railway. The nearest airports are Münster Osnabrück Airport and Enschede Airport Twente, although the latter has no scheduled flights.
Twin towns – sister cities
Gronau is twinned with:
Bromsgrove, England, United Kingdom
Epe, Netherlands
Mezőberény, Hungary
References
External links
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Populated places established in the 1360s
Borken (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gronau%2C%20North%20Rhine-Westphalia
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Giulio Aristide Sartorio (11 February 1860 – 3 October 1932) was an Italian painter and film director from Rome.
Biography
Having attended the Rome Institute of Fine Arts, Sartorio presented a Symbolist work at the 1883 International Exposition of Rome. He formed friendships with Nino Costa and Gabriele D’Annunzio, and associated with the painters and photographers of the Roman countryside. He won a gold medal at the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1889 and met the Pre-Raphaelites in England in 1893. His participation in the Venice Biennale began in 1895 with the 1st International Exposition of Art of Venice, after which he taught at the Weimar Academy of Fine Arts from 1896 to 1898.
His period of greatest renown came at the beginning of the century, when he produced decorative friezes for the 5th Esposizione Internazionale d’Arte of Venice (1903), the Mostra Nazionale of Fine Arts (Milan, Parco Sempione, 1906) and Palazzo Montecitorio in Rome (1908–12). Wounded during World War I, he travelled extensively in the Middle East, Japan and Latin America during the 1920s and became a member of the Italian Royal Academy.
Works
His most famous works are: Diana of Ephes and the slaves, Gorgon and the Heroes (1895–99) and a frieze in the Palazzo Montecitorio. He also collaborated with Gabriele D'Annunzio in a magazine entitled The Banquet (1895–98).
He directed the motion picture Il mistero di Galatea (1919), starring Marga Sevilla, his wife, who studied acting with Eleonora Duse.
Selected filmography
The Sack of Rome (1920)
Gallery
References
Antonella Crippa, Giulio Aristide Sartorio, online catalogue Artgate by Fondazione Cariplo, 2010, CC BY-SA (source for the first revision of this article).
External links
1860 births
1932 deaths
Painters from Rome
19th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
20th-century Italian painters
Members of the Royal Academy of Italy
Modern painters
Italian film directors
Italian military personnel of World War I
19th-century Italian male artists
20th-century Italian male artists
Symbolist painters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulio%20Aristide%20Sartorio
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In number theory, Li's criterion is a particular statement about the positivity of a certain sequence that is equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis. The criterion is named after Xian-Jin Li, who presented it in 1997. In 1999, Enrico Bombieri and Jeffrey C. Lagarias provided a generalization, showing that Li's positivity condition applies to any collection of points that lie on the Re(s) = 1/2 axis.
Definition
The Riemann function is given by
where ζ is the Riemann zeta function. Consider the sequence
Li's criterion is then the statement that
the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the statement that for every positive integer .
The numbers (sometimes defined with a slightly different normalization) are called Keiper-Li coefficients or Li coefficients. They may also be expressed in terms of the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function:
where the sum extends over ρ, the non-trivial zeros of the zeta function. This conditionally convergent sum should be understood in the sense that is usually used in number theory, namely, that
(Re(s) and Im(s) denote the real and imaginary parts of s, respectively.)
The positivity of has been verified up to by direct computation.
Proof
Note that .
Then, starting with an entire function , let .
vanishes when . Hence, is holomorphic on the unit disk iff .
Write the Taylor series . Since
we have
so that
.
Finally, if each zero comes paired with its complex conjugate , then we may combine terms to get
The condition then becomes equivalent to . The right-hand side of () is obviously nonnegative when both and . Conversely, ordering the by , we see that the largest term () dominates the sum as , and hence becomes negative sometimes.
A generalization
Bombieri and Lagarias demonstrate that a similar criterion holds for any collection of complex numbers, and is thus not restricted to the Riemann hypothesis. More precisely, let R = {ρ} be any collection of complex numbers ρ, not containing ρ = 1, which satisfies
Then one may make several equivalent statements about such a set. One such statement is the following:
One has for every ρ if and only if
for all positive integers n.
One may make a more interesting statement, if the set R obeys a certain functional equation under the replacement s ↦ 1 − s. Namely, if, whenever ρ is in R, then both the complex conjugate and are in R, then Li's criterion can be stated as:
One has Re(ρ) = 1/2 for every ρ if and only if
for all positive integers n.
Bombieri and Lagarias also show that Li's criterion follows from Weil's criterion for the Riemann hypothesis.
References
Zeta and L-functions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%27s%20criterion
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The Millennium Commission, a United Kingdom public body, was set up to celebrate the turn of the millennium. It used funding raised through the UK National Lottery to assist communities in marking the close of the second millennium and celebrating the start of the third. The body was wound up in 2006.
Composition
Set up in 1993 by the National Lottery etc. Act 1993, the Commission was an independent non-departmental public body. Commissioners were appointed by the Queen on the advice of the Prime Minister; the Chair of the Commission was, for most of its life, the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport, and for most of its life a second government minister was also a Commissioner. During Tessa Jowell's tenure as Chair the second Minister was Richard Caborn, as Minister for Sport, who preceded Jowell in the department by one day, and who left the department contemporaneously (when Gordon Brown became Prime Minister).
Closure
The Commission was wound up in December 2006 and its role was transferred to the Big Lottery Fund.
Examples of projects funded
The Commission invested over £2 billion in buildings, environmental projects, celebrations and community schemes. Funded projects include:
Black Country Urban Forest
Centre for Life, Newcastle upon Tyne
Dundee Science Centre
Eden Project, Cornwall
Falkirk Wheel
Glasgow Science Centre
Winchester Science Centre (formerly INTECH)
Five Millennium piers for London River Services
Magna Science Adventure Centre, Rotherham
Millennium Bridge, London
Millennium Dome, London
The Millennium Forest for Scotland project
Millennium Greens in cities, towns and villages
Millennium Point, Birmingham
Millennium Seed Bank Project, West Sussex
Millennium Stadium, Cardiff
National Centre for Popular Music, Sheffield (closed in 2000)
National Space Centre, Leicester
Odyssey Centre, Belfast
Dynamic Earth, Edinburgh
ReDiscover, Newcastle upon Tyne (joint venture with the Wellcome Trust and the Wolfson Foundation)
Spinnaker Tower, Portsmouth
Sheffield Winter Garden
The Deep, Hull
Wales Millennium Centre, Cardiff
A number of village halls and community meeting places
Commissioners
There were initially nine commissioners – two ministers, one appointed by the opposition, and six independents. The number of commissioners was reduced to five as the work of the commission decreased. The final members were:
Richard Caborn (Chair), Minister for Sport
Floella Benjamin, actress and author
Heather Couper, broadcaster and writer on space
Judith Donovan, health and safety commissioner
Michael Heseltine, former Conservative cabinet minister
Previous commissioners
Virginia Bottomley
Lord Brooke of Sutton Mandeville
Lord Clark of Windermere
Jack Cunningham
Matthew d'Ancona
Richard Scott, Earl of Dalkeith
Stephen Dorrell
Sir John Hall
Robin Dixon, 3rd Baron Glentoran
Sir Simon Jenkins
Tessa Jowell
Lord Montague of Oxford
Mo Mowlam
Barbara Roche
Baroness Scotland of Asthal
Baron Smith of Finsbury
References
External links
Millennium Commission website (archived 22 December 2006)
Organizations established in 1993
Organizations disestablished in 2006
Defunct public bodies of the United Kingdom
1993 establishments in the United Kingdom
Turn of the third millennium
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium%20Commission
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Tickford is an automobile engineering and testing business in Newport Pagnell, Buckinghamshire, known for tuning and such products as the 140 mph Tickford Turbo Capri.
Under the name Salmons & Sons and their Tickford products the firm has an almost two century-long history of coachbuilding.
History 150 years of coachbuilding
Salmons & Sons
Tickford Limited grew from the very substantial coachbuilding business founded in the 1820s by Joseph Salmons later known as Salmons and Sons at Tickford on the east side of Newport Pagnell. Their products bore the brand-name Tickford. With the advent of the internal combustion engine, Salmons & Sons progressed into developing coachbuilt cars as early as 1898 and prospered. In 1925 they announced their Tickford "All Weather" body, a drophead with the hood mechanism operated by inserting and turning a handle in the rear quarter-panel.
During the 1930s Salmons built standard catalogued Tickford drophead bodies for: BSA, Daimler, Hillman, Lanchester, MG, Rover, Standard, Triumph, Vauxhall and Wolseley.
By the late 1930s 450 people were employed producing 30 car bodies a week. Their London showrooms were at 6–9 Upper Saint Martin's Lane WC2.
Tickford Limited
In 1943 following Ian Boswell's purchase of Salmons & Sons Limited the company changed its name to its trademark, Tickford Limited.
1955–1981: Aston Martin Lagonda
In late 1955 Tickford Limited was bought by David Brown, owner of Aston Martin since 1947 and Lagonda since 1948 both always fitted with Tickford bodies. He soon moved Aston Martin onto the site at Tickford Street where it remained until Ford moved DB7 production to Bloxham and then to Gaydon for the DB9 and DBS.
Subsequent uses of the same brand name
1981–1990: CH Industrials
In 1981 Aston Martin created an engineering service subsidiary and chose the name 'Aston Martin Tickford'. With the changing fortunes of Aston Martin, the company moved into a purpose-built facility in Milton Keynes under the separate ownership of CH Industrials plc and despite carrying out a lot of unseen, "back-room" engineering projects for major manufacturers, gained most publicity from adding engineering and tuning to its coachbuilder roots allowing it to develop special products like the 140 mph, turbocharged Tickford Capri for Ford. After the Capri, Tickford worked with among others, MG to create the Maestro Turbo and Ford to create the road-going Sierra Cosworth RS500 and the homologated version of the RS200. These vehicles were made in a factory set up near Coventry and a railway division was set up in Nuneaton to design interiors for underground and mainline train carriages.
The roof of the Jaguar XJS cabriolet was also designed by Tickford. These cars were originally converted by Tickford themselves, but it was so successful that Jaguar set up a convertible production line to cope with demand.
1990–2001: Independence
During the collapse of the CHI Group in 1990, the directors of Tickford executed a buy-out and saved Tickford from going into receivership, partially funded through the sale of the railway division to Babcock International. Tickford was now back in its roots of engine and vehicle engineering and worked on developing new markets. The company won projects in Detroit and the Far East and set up liaison offices in the US and Germany.
Tickford set up a production line in Daventry to convert the Ford Puma into the limited edition Ford Puma Racing (just 500 were built) and did most of the engineering design and development of the Ford Focus RS at Milton Keynes, also providing a build facility next to Ford's Saarlouis plant.
Tickford Vehicle Engineering & Ford Tickford Experience
After a worldwide search, Ford Australia selected Tickford as a joint-venture partner, resulting in Tickford Vehicle Engineering Pty Ltd (TVE) being established in 1991 as the high performance car division of Ford in Australia.
TVE is best known for building the Ford Falcon XR6 and XR8 models for Ford. It also engineered a range of higher performance cars, the T-Series with TE50 & TS50 models based on the Ford AU Falcon and the TL50 derived from the Ford AU Fairlane. The FTE T-Series models were launched in October 1999 under the FTE name, FTE being an acronym for Ford Tickford Experience. The "T-Series" was produced in very limited numbers with 842 built (including pre-production press vehicles). The third series, known as the T3 was the final resting place for the Ford Windsor V8 engine and the last model from TVE.
2001–2005: Prodrive
In 2001 the whole Tickford Group in UK, Germany, Australia and USA, was acquired by Prodrive, the British motor sport company and, in 2002, its Australian joint venture with Ford, Tickford Vehicle Engineering, was rebranded as Ford Performance Vehicles. The Tickford name disappeared again.
2006–2012: Tickford Powertrain Test
In December 2006, the management team of Prodrive Test Technology, running the former Tickford site at Milton Keynes, purchased the business from Prodrive, renaming it Tickford Powertrain Test. The company now focused on the independent engine and vehicle testing needs of vehicle manufacturers, component companies and the catalyst and petroleum industries. In June 2007, the company acquired Scott Gibbin Ltd, a Peterborough-based engine test and development company. In the spring of 2009 the Peterborough site was closed and the work transferred to the Milton Keynes facility in Tanners Drive.
2013–2015: Intertek
Intertek Group plc, a provider of Assurance, Testing, Inspection and Certification services to a wide range of industries worldwide, acquired Tickford Powertrain Test on 31 December 2012 from its management shareholders. Traded as Intertek Tickford for 12 months and then latterly just Intertek..
2016-present: Tickford Australia
In 2016, through Prodrive, Tickford returned to the Australian automotive market. Offering high performance upgrades to the Ford Mustang, Ranger and Everest.This was as a result of Ford Australia shutting down local production, ending the Falcon model and discontinuing the Ford Performance Vehicles brand.
Motorsport
Tickford built on its engine performance heritage with the development of V8 racing engines for Aston Martin. These were raced in Nimrod and EMKA chassis and powered Nimrod to third place in the 1983 World Endurance Championship for Makes. Tickford also developed Cosworth engines for Ray Mallock Racing and Ecurie Ecosse, with the latter gaining second place in the C2 Class of the 1987 World Sports Prototype Championship for Teams.
In the late 1980s Tickford designed, developed and built Formula One engines, including some with unique 5-valve cylinder heads. A Tickford 5v version of the Judd V8 was commissioned by Camel Team Lotus for Nelson Piquet and Satoru Nakajima to use.
References
External links
Tickford Powertrain Test Ltd
Tickford Owners Club
Aston Martin
Ford of Europe
Coachbuilders of the United Kingdom
Auto parts suppliers of the United Kingdom
Automotive companies of Australia
Companies established in 1981
Automotive motorsports and performance companies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tickford
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100% Arabica (1997) is a French comedy movie, directed by , starring Khaled, and Cheb Mami.
Cast
Khaled
Cheb Mami
External links
French comedy films
1997 films
1997 comedy films
French independent films
1997 independent films
Films about Islam
1990s French-language films
1990s French films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100%25%20Arabica
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Kevin Stadler (born February 5, 1980) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour and formerly on the European Tour.
Early life
Stadler, the son of former Masters champion and 13-time PGA Tour winner Craig Stadler (known affectionately by pros and fans as The Walrus) and Susan Barrett, was born in Reno, Nevada. He moved with his family to Denver, Colorado, where he attended Kent Denver School, excelling on the school's golf team. He graduated from the University of Southern California and turned professional in 2002.
Professional career
In 2004 Stadler won twice on the second tier Nationwide Tour, and finished 13th on the money list to win a place on the 2005 PGA Tour. In his rookie season on the elite tour he came 168th on the money list, thus losing his playing status.
Early in 2006 Stadler won the Johnnie Walker Classic in Australia, gaining a two-year exemption on the European, Asian, and Australasian tours. Stadler commented, "I am honestly baffled by this win.... It was my intention this year just to play the Nationwide Tour and get my PGA Tour card back but now I have no idea what I will do". His dilemma was that the European Tour, on which he became eligible to play, is much more prestigious and lucrative than the Nationwide Tour, but unlike the Nationwide Tour it did not offer a direct route to his objective of regaining his playing privileges on the PGA Tour. For the remainder of 2006 he divided his time between the two tours, winning twice on the Nationwide Tour, and finishing twelfth on the money list to regain his PGA Tour card with effect from the start of the 2007 season.
During the 2009 season Stadler lost in a playoff at the Wyndham Championship to Ryan Moore. At the time Moore and Stadler were both trying to capture their first PGA Tour title.
On February 2, 2014, Stadler won the Waste Management Phoenix Open marking his first PGA Tour victory. Stadler won after Bubba Watson made bogey on the 18th hole. The event was Stadler's 239th PGA Tour start and would ensure him of his first Masters invitation. Craig and Kevin were the first father-son duo to play at Augusta in the same tournament. Kevin is also the first son of a Masters champion to play in that tournament. Kevin is nicknamed as "Smallrus," a play on his father's nickname of "Walrus." Kevin finished T8 in his Masters debut, ensuring him of making the 2015 field. He missed the cut in 2015. His career-best world ranking was 52nd in 2014.
Stadler was one of the few golfers to employ the use of an anchor putter, which the PGA Tour banned on January 1, 2016. In preparation for the ban, Stadler started putting left-handed.
A broken bone in his left hand limited Stadler to five events during the 2014−15 season. Stadler attempted a comeback on the Web.com Tour's Digital Ally Open in 2017, but he withdrew after the first round. He entered the 2017–18 season with a Major Medical Extension that required him to earn 454.420 FedEx Cup points or $717,890 in 26 starts in order to retain his PGA Tour privileges, but was unable to meet the terms.
Amateur wins (1)
1997 Doug Sanders Junior World Championship
Professional wins (9)
PGA Tour wins (1)
PGA Tour playoff record (0–1)
European Tour wins (1)
1Co-sanctioned with the Asian Tour and the PGA Tour of Australasia
Nationwide Tour wins (4)
Nationwide Tour playoff record (2–0)
Challenge Tour wins (1)
1Co-sanctioned by the Tour de las Américas
Other wins (2)
Other playoff record (2–0)
Results in major championships
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Results in The Players Championship
CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
Results in World Golf Championships
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
WD = withdrew
"T" = Tied
Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.
See also
2004 Nationwide Tour graduates
2006 Nationwide Tour graduates
List of golfers with most Web.com Tour wins
References
External links
American male golfers
USC Trojans men's golfers
PGA Tour golfers
PGA Tour of Australasia golfers
Korn Ferry Tour graduates
Golfers from Nevada
Golfers from Denver
Golfers from Scottsdale, Arizona
Kent Denver School alumni
The Bishop's School alumni
Sportspeople from Reno, Nevada
1980 births
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Stadler
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Blue Arrow Limited is a United Kingdom based employment and recruitment agency that places individual jobseekers in temporary and/or permanent catering, driving industrial and office roles across the hospitality, manufacturing, public service, retail, support services and transport sectors.
The head office is in Luton, Bedfordshire.
Blue Arrow is now part of RSS Global Ltd, an international staffing business with operations in the UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand.
History
On 10 November 1959, Blue Arrow (then named 'The Barnet Agency Ltd' and founded by Sheila Birch) was incorporated. On 12 October 1982, the company name was changed to 'Blue Arrow Personnel Services Ltd' and then finally to 'Blue Arrow Ltd' on 28 June 2000.
The company became listed on the Unlisted Securities Market in 1984. In June 1987, Blue Arrow acquired Manpower Inc., which was then the world's largest temporary employment agency, for $1.3bn.
In 1987, Blue Arrow was at the centre of a financial scandal when employees of National Westminster Bank's investment arm, County NatWest, covered up a failed issue of £873m of new stock (intended to finance the takeover of Manpower Inc.). Blue Arrow was cleared of any wrongdoing. In 1989, Tony Berry stepped down as CEO.
On 17 April 1996, the company was acquired by The Corporate Services Group plc. On 7 May 2008, the Corporate Services Group plc merged with Carlisle Group Limited to form one of the UK's largest recruitment groups, Impellam.
On 30 January 2023 Impellam Group plc announced that it would sell its Regional Specialist Staffing and Healthcare Staffing
businesses (Medacs Global Group, Blue Arrow Group, Tate, Chadwick Nott and Career Teachers) to Twenty 20 Capital. On 3 March 2023, the disposal of the businesses to Twenty 20 Capital was completed, and RSS Global Ltd was formed.
Trade memberships
Institute of Hospitality
Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CiLT)
Gangmasters Licensing Authority (GLA)
Association of Labour Providers (ALP)
Recruitment and Employment Confederation (REC)
See also
UK agency worker law
Footnotes
External links
Blue Arrow
RSS Global
Companies based in Luton
Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
Temporary employment agencies
Employment agencies of the United Kingdom
1959 establishments in England
Business services companies established in 1959
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20Arrow
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Isselburg () is a town in the district of Borken, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the river Issel, near the border of the Netherlands, and approximately 10 km west of Bocholt.
Division
The largest villages are Anholt, Isselburg, and Werth. Smaller communities include Vehlingen, Herzebocholt and Heelden.
Local council (Stadtrat)
Elections in May 2014:
SPD: 9 seats (-2)
CDU: 11 seats (+1)
Alliance 90/The Greens: 3 seats (±0)
FDP: 3 seats (+1)
Mayors
Church at Anholt
St. Pankratius at Anholt (built 1851 – 1862)
Gallery
References
Borken (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isselburg
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Thomas Henry Tibbles (May 22, 1840 – May 14, 1928) was an abolitionist, author, journalist, Indians’ rights activist, and politician who was born in Ohio and lived in various other places in the United States, especially Nebraska. Tibbles played an important role in the trial of Standing Bear, a legal battle which led to the liberation of the Ponca tribe from the Indian territory in Oklahoma in the year 1879. This landmark case led to important improvements in the civil rights of Native Americans throughout the country and opened the door to further advancement.
Early life
Tibbles was born on May 22, 1840, near Athens, Ohio to William and Martha Tibbles. After moving to Winterset, Iowa, in 1854 to study law, Tibbles joined a guerilla abolitionist militia group led by James H. Lane, the Free-State Militia in 1856 at the age of 16. Later, he became a member of the company of John Brown and was in all the prominent battles during the two-year "Bleeding Kansas" conflict, a slavery-related border conflict on the side of the abolitionists. Taken prisoner by pro-slavery forces, he was sentenced to be hanged but escaped, though he lost part of his ear to a musket ball. After the end of the Kansas hostilities, he spent some time with the Omaha, even accompanying them in a conflict with the Sioux.
After his time as a soldier, he studied at Mt. Union College in Alliance, Ohio from 1858 until the beginning of the U.S. Civil War is 1861. On 1 October this same year, Tibbles married his first wife, Amelia Owen, Freedom, Pennsylvania, with whom he had his first two children, Eda Tibbles in 1868 and May Tibbles in 1870. During this time, he joined the Union forces as a scout in the states of Kansas and Missouri, and was assigned to break up gangs of horse thieves. One such gang, led by Charles Quantrell, captured and tortured him, though he was rescued again by his comrades. By the end of the war, Tibbles would rise to the rank of Major. For parts of the war, he worked as a wartime correspondent for national newspapers. Other than the brief time he spent as a circuit preacher (1871-1874), this would be the beginning of Tibbles’s long career in the newspaper industry.
Of himself, Tibbles wrote that he was “Raised on the frontier and preferred not to be educated,” and, “He carried perhaps the marks of more gunshot and other wounds… than any other one man in a thousand miles... He was one of the best shots with a revolver in the west."
Career
Preacher
After his military service, he used the religion classes from Mount Union College and became a Methodist preacher. As a gun-toting circuit preacher, he rode around Missouri and Nebraska on horseback, preaching as he went. Eventually, he "grew disenchanted with Methodist restrictions," and became Presbyterian, building a church and gathering a congregation in Omaha. In 1874, Tibbles discovered that many Nebraskans were on the brink of starvation due a draught and subsequent crop failure. Through fundraising and a public speaking tour alongside Rev. G.W. Frost, Tibbles succeeded in raising over $80,000 in relief for those affected. He continued working for various newspapers throughout Omaha, Nebraska while preaching. Tibbles would retire from the ministry in 1877 to pursue social justice through journalism full-time.
Reporter
Initially working as a journalist for the Omaha Daily Bee, Tibbles eventually settled at the Omaha Daily Herald, where he would become the assistant editor. This was where he was working when, at one A.M. on March 30, 1879, he was approached by General George Crook about the dire legal situation of the Ponca Indians.
Trial of Standing Bear
Ponca Plight
As assistant editor of the Omaha Daily Herald, Tibbles was instrumental in bringing the case of Standing Bear and the Ponca Indian people before the United States District Court at Fort Omaha in 1879. In a “flagrant violation” of a preexisting treaty, the government had mistakenly turned over the Ponca’s ancestral lands in Nebraska to the Sioux tribe, forcing the tribe to walk some 500 miles southward to the Oklahoma Indian territory. According to the account given by Standing Bear, Chief of the Ponca tribe, his people were taken to the Indian Territory where they struggled to survive. Although the Omaha tribe, who were closely related to the Ponca and spoke the same language, had given gave them 30 acres of good land, the government would not allow them to take it. Due to malaria, extreme weather, and insufficient government assistance, approximately one-third of the tribe had not survived the conditions of the reservation during the approximate 2 years that they spent there. Chief Standing Bear lamented, “We had nothing to do but sit still, be sick, starve, and die.”
Tibbles' Involvement
Tibbles met the acquaintance of Chief Standing Bear on March 30, 1879, after the Chief and some 30 Ponca Indians were placed under arrest and were being held by order of the U.S. Secretary of the Interior, Carl Schurz, for fleeing the Indian territory in Oklahoma to their original lands. General George Crook, who objected to his orders to arrest the group, met secretly with Tibbles in his office and implored him to take up their case, insisting that he was the only one who could save them. Standing Bear, whose people faced starvation, wanted his land back, as well as “plows and axes and wagons” and a legal contract that their land would never again be taken from them.
Making a decision to take up the cause of the Ponca people, Tibbles began to raise awareness of the dire situation of the Ponca tribe by publishing their story in the major surrounding newspapers. Through these efforts and the efforts of Susette Laflesche, a well-educated Omaha interpreter who raised awareness of the Ponca plight by speaking publicly to local church congregations, they obtained pro-bono legal representation for Chief Standing Bear in court and raised national awareness of the case. John L. Webster and A.J. Poppleton, the attorneys who represented Chief Standing Bear, filed a writ of habeas corpus on behalf of Chief Standing Bear, and their case was heard during a two-day session commencing on the 28th of April 1879 in the United States District Court at Fort Omaha.
The Trial
The case for the government was that Native Americans did not qualify as “persons” under U.S. law and as such, did not have the basic rights of citizenship, such as the right to sue the federal government. Additionally, they argued that the Ponca’s way of life was not truly being obstructed by the government’s regulations. The attorneys who represented Chief Standing Bear argued that the Ponca were trying to “[adopt] the ways of the whites” through agriculture and obedience to U.S. law and they insisted that the Ponca qualified as citizens under the newly ratified 14th Amendment.
The Verdict
Judge Elmer Dundy ruled in favor of Chief Standing Bear, concluding that American Indians did indeed have the rights of citizenship. He declared that Indians do have the right to sue the government, that the U.S. Army had no right to take them from their land, and he ordered the immediate release of the 30 incarcerated Ponca being held at Fort Omaha. Most importantly, it was decided that "...An Indian is a PERSON within the meaning of the laws of the United States..." and that they “Have the inalienable right to ‘life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness’ so long as they obeyed the law.” Indian rights activism would become Tibbles' legacy as he continued his activism for the rest of his life.
Political Involvement & Death
After the Trial
Once the trial of Chief Standing Bear was over, Thomas Tibbles would continue to campaign for equal treatment for Native Americans. During the summer of 1879 until early September of the same year, he went on a speaking tour to Chicago and Boston raising awareness of the plight of the Poncas, in addition to the other tribes in the Nebraska territory, as well as lobbying for Native American citizenship. He would set off on another tour with Chief Standing Bear, his son, Woodworker, and his daughter Bright Eyes, who had served as Standing Bear's interpreter at the trial and was also known as Susette LaFlesche. This tour also went through Chicago and Boston, and this time included New York City. While traveling, Tibbles would get word that his wife had suddenly died from peritonitis. In 1880, Tibbles published his first book under the pseudonym "Zylyff," The Ponca Chiefs: An Account of the Trial of Standing Bear.
Thomas Tibbles and Susette La Flesche would be married on June 29, 1881, the same year Tibbles published his second book, Hidden Power, this time under his own name. They would initially settle in Omaha in a sod house with a farm. Both Tibbles and his new wife would continue lecturing throughout 1882-83, and they successfully lobbied for Congress to grant the Omaha tribe permanent individual allotments, though some of them would be dissatisfied about the way the land was divided. From 1883 to 1885, they moved to Washington D.C. where they continued to lecture on Indian subjects. They would also go on a speaking tour in England and Scotland in 1886.
In 1888, Tibbles returned as a reporter to the Omaha World Herald, where, on a visit to Pine Ridge Agency in 1890, he would be an eye witness to and at the forefront of the massacre at Wounded Knee, where he reported the tragedy to the world. His work as a journalist would continue for many different newspapers, including working as a Washington correspondent from 1893-1895.
Populism and the Vice-Presidential Nomination
After his work in Washington was finished, Tibbles returned to Nebraska and became very involved in the Populist movement, becoming the editor-in-chief of The Independent, a weekly populist newspaper. He would become increasingly active in the populist movement until, in 1904, he was nominated to be the Vice-President on the Populist ticket, though his ticket did not win. This was just a year after his wife's death on May 26, 1903.
Post-Election
In 1905, Tibbles would write his third and final book, Buckskin and Blanket Days, which was his autobiography. He also married his third and final wife, Ida Belle Riddle, in 1907 after the death of Susette ("Bright Eyes") LaFlesche. He would continue his active involvement in the Populist movement, including editing other newspapers for the party, from 1905 to 1910; after which he returned once again to the Omaha World Herald until his retirement in 1928. He died on May 14, 1928, and was buried in Bellevue Cemetery, Bellevue, Nebraska, and Ida was later buried alongside him.
Works
(Tibbles' autobiography written in 1905)
References
1840 births
1928 deaths
People from Washington County, Ohio
Politicians from Omaha, Nebraska
Editors of Nebraska newspapers
Nebraska Populists
Native American activists
1904 United States vice-presidential candidates
Writers from Ohio
Writers from Omaha, Nebraska
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Tibbles
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The Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) is a scientific membership organization. MSA was founded in 1919 for the advancement of mineralogy, crystallography, geochemistry, and petrology, and promotion of their uses in other sciences, industry, and the arts. It encourages fundamental research about natural materials; supports the teaching of mineralogical concepts and procedures to students of mineralogy and related arts and sciences; and attempts to raise the scientific literacy of society with respect to issues involving mineralogy. The Society encourages the general preservation of mineral collections, displays, mineral localities, type minerals and scientific data. MSA represents the United States with regard to the science of mineralogy in any international context. The Society was incorporated in 1937 and approved as a nonprofit organization in 1959.
Publications
American Mineralogist: An International Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials, is the print journal of the Society, and it has been published continuously since 1916. It publishes the results of original scientific research in the fields of mineralogy, crystallography, geochemistry, and petrology with the goal of providing readers with the best in earth science research.
Reviews in Mineralogy is a series of multi-authored, soft-bound books containing cogent and concise reviews of the literature and advances about a subject area. Since 1974, 86 volumes have been published.
The Lattice is a quarterly newsletter first published in 1985 and contains business items as well as general information for members.
Elements: An International Magazine of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Petrology is co-published by this society along with other geochemical and mineralogical societies.
Special Interest Groups
MSA's special interest groups are composed of individuals who have informally joined to organize review volumes, meetings, workshops, etc. There are Special Interest Groups for
Pegmatites,
Planetary Materials.
Awards and Grants
As the representative Society for the profession, the Mineralogical Society of America recognizes outstanding contributors to the fields of mineralogy, crystallography, geochemistry, and petrology. Society awards do not require MSA membership or United States citizenship.
Roebling Medal First awarded in 1937, the Roebling Medal is the Society's highest honor. It is given in recognition of an individual's lifetime scientific eminence as represented primarily by publication of outstanding original research in mineralogy. The recipient is made a life fellow of the Society and receives both a 14K and bronze medal engraved bearing their engraved name and the resemblance of Washington A. Roebling. Washington Roebling was Chief Engineer during construction of the Brooklyn Bridge, a mineral collector, and a significant friend of the Society in its early years. Roebling gave the society a gift of $40,000 in bonds which became the Roebling Fund and has grown to over $1.5 million.
Distinguished Public Service Medal This award is presented to an individual who has provided outstanding contributions to public policy and awareness about mineralogical topics through science. Established in 1990, the award is a silver medal with the logo of the Society and vignettes of the application of mineralogy to the general good.
Mineralogical Society of America Award This award is presented to an individual for an outstanding single or series of published contributions in the areas of mineralogy, crystallography, geochemistry, petrology, or related fields. The award is meant to recognize a scientist beginning their career. The recognized research must have been performed prior to the recipient's 35th birthday or prior to the seventh year past Ph.D., and the award given no more than two years afterwards. The award is a certificate, Fellow status, and a life membership.
Dana Medal This award is presented to a mid-career individual for outstanding single or series of published contributions in the areas of mineralogy, crystallography, geochemistry, petrology, or related fields.
MSA Undergraduate Prize The Society recognizes outstanding undergraduate students enrolled in mineralogical courses nominated by their department with a certificate, a year's student membership, and an MSA publication of their choice. One student per department may be nominated annually provided the nominating department offers at least one course in crystallography, mineralogy, or petrology, and a member of the faculty is a member of fellow of the Society.
MSA Grant for Research in Crystallography The Society makes an annual award of up to US$5,000.00 for student research in the field of mineralogical crystallography. Both undergraduate and graduate student members of MSA are eligible to apply. More information is on the MSA website at www.minsocam.org.
MSA Grant for Research in Mineralogy and Petrology The Society makes two annual awards of up to US$5,000.00 for student research in the field of mineralogy and petrology. Both undergraduate and graduate student members of MSA are eligible to apply. More information is on the MSA website at www.minsocam.org.
Membership
Membership in the Society is open to any person interested in mineralogy and related sciences regardless of residence or citizenship. Individuals from all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and about 40 countries belong to the Society, giving it and its publications an international readership.
Annual meeting
The MSA annual business meeting with the members, as well as award and social functions of the society, are held in conjunction with the annual Geological Society of America meeting.
References
External links
Mineralogical Society of America Official -old- Website
Mineralogical Society of America Official Website
Geophysics societies
Geology societies
Professional associations based in the United States
Scientific organizations established in 1919
1919 establishments in the United States
Scientific societies based in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogical%20Society%20of%20America
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Diabolical Fullmoon Mysticism is the debut studio album by Norwegian black metal band Immortal. It was released on 1 July 1992 through Osmose Productions. It is the only album to feature Armagedda on drums.
Release
The album was issued as a standard CD, a limited edition LP, a limited edition picture disc and a limited edition cassette tape. The picture disc was later reissued by Osmose Productions in 1998 and the regular LP was reissued in 2005.
Critical reception
John Serba of AllMusic said, "Diabolical Fullmoon Mysticism presents the germ of a soon-to-be-great black metal outfit", calling it "as rancid and unholy as other early Norse efforts, albeit a hair more melodic and listenable than some of its peers", though "one's time is much better spent with subsequent albums."
Track listing
Personnel
Immortal
Abbath Doom Occulta – bass guitar, vocals
Demonaz Doom Occulta – electric guitar, acoustic guitar, album layout
Armagedda – drums
Additional personnel
Eirik Hundvin – engineering
Immortal – production, album photos
J. W. H. – logo, album front cover
Stein Kare – album back cover photo
References
External links
Immortal (band) albums
1992 debut albums
Osmose Productions albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabolical%20Fullmoon%20Mysticism
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Holding Hands, Feeding Ducks is the first full-length album released by twee pop group the Brunettes. It was released in 2002 as a joint release between Lil' Chief Records and EMI New Zealand.
Track listing
All songs written by Jonathan Bree.
"The Moon in June Stuff" – 2:32
"Cupid" – 3:03
"Holding Hands, Feeding Ducks" – 4:05
"Talk to Jesus" – 3:17
"Dancefloor" – 2:47
"Summer Love" – 2:31
"Super Eight" – 3:22
"Jukebox" – 3:07
"Mafioso" – 3:15
"End of the Runway" – 3:32
"Cotton Candy" – 3:42
"Tell Her" – 2:01
Personnel
Jonathan Bree — vocals, guitar, synthesizer
Heather Mansfield — vocals, glockenspiel, harmonica, marimba, organ, piano
Mike Hall — bass, flute, harmonium, vocals
Kari Hammond — drums, percussion
External links
Lil' Chief Records: The Brunettes
Lil' Chief Records
The Brunettes on Myspace
2002 debut albums
The Brunettes albums
Lil' Chief Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holding%20Hands%2C%20Feeding%20Ducks
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Rhede () is a municipality in the district of Borken in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the border with the Netherlands, approximately east of Bocholt.
Notable residents
Thomas Giessing, athlete and Olympic athlete
Kristian Liebrand, photographer
Michael Roes, writer
Franz August Schmölders, Orientalist
Ulrike Tillmann, mathematician
Bernardo Enrique Witte, Roman Catholic bishop
References
External links
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Borken (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhede
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The North Shore Channel is a drainage canal built between 1907 and 1910 to flush the sewage-filled North Branch of the Chicago River down the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. The sewage carrying duty has been largely taken over by the Chicago Deep Tunnel, but there are still occasional discharges due to heavy rains.
Geography
The North Shore Channel, a component of the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS), flows from Lake Michigan, near the Bahá'í House of Worship in Wilmette, Illinois, to the North Branch of the Chicago River in Chicago.
The channel beings at the Wilmette Pumping Station, where sluice gates are generally used to provide for a consistent water level in the channel by controlling water diversion from Lake Michigan, although the gates are opened during severe storm weather conditions to allow the channel to backflow into the lake in order to prevent downstream flooding. From the pumping station, the channel flows southwest, and then south, through or near Wilmette, Evanston, Skokie, and Lincolnwood, and into Chicago. The south end of the channel flows into the North Branch at approximately 5100 north and 3000 west in the Chicago street-address numbering system. A concrete low head dam, in width and in height, was constructed at the confluence of the channel and river in 1910, creating Chicago's only waterfall within the city limits. Because the water surface of the North Shore Channel would be lower than that of the river's, the dam was built to prevent the river from eroding its banks upstream of the confluence due to the difference in the water surface elevations.
However, the dam exacerbated existing problems of stagnant water flows and ponding on the North Branch for decades, despite multiple modifications to the dam and dredging of the river. The Tunnel and Reservoir Plan (TARP) would eventually solve those issues along the North Branch, and starting in July 2018, the Army Corps of Engineers removed the dam, replacing it with a series of riffle pools, which allow fish to swim upstream.
Surrounded by parks and steep, wooded banks, and the 18-hole Canal Shores Golf Course in parts of Wilmette and Evanston, the canal provides a corridor for local wildlife.
In 1999, the system of which the canal is a part was named a Civil Engineering Monument of the Millennium (as part of the Chicago wastewater system) by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE).
General recreation
Since the water quality improvement, fishing has become possible in the Channel. Bass and crappie are abundant, especially at the confluence of the Channel and the North Branch of the Chicago River, where the waterfall aerates the water. Canoeing and kayaking are allowed, with several put-in points along the length.
In recent years the Channel has also become a popular rowing venue. It is home to the Chicago Rowing Foundation and the Loyola Academy and New Trier High School teams. The Channel is a great place for rowing due to its high banks that act as a shelter from the wind. The northern part of the Channel has hosted the University of Wisconsin and Syracuse University men's rowing teams for dual meets in 2016 and 2019.
In addition to water navigation, both walking and biking paths follow along nearly the entire length of the Channel. The Evanston-Wilmette Community Golf Course ("Canal Shores") plays along a stretch of the Channel of about , and two par-3 holes play across it.
North Shore Channel Trail
The North Shore Channel Trail is a multi-use trail that starts at Lincoln Square near West Lawrence Avenue and North Francisco Avenue and stops in Evanston at Green Bay Road. Proposals are being considered to complete the final mile and a half of the trail, which would connect the path to Gillson Park at the Wilmette lakefront.
Several recent improvements were completed in 2019, including the Lincoln Village Pedestrian Bicycle Bridge and just past where the channel merges with the north branch of the Chicago River, the 312 RiverRun and its Riverview Bridge. Other attractions along the trail include the Skokie Northshore Sculpture Park, which boasts over 60 large sculptures along the channel, the Evanston Ecology Center, and the Ladd Arboretum. As of July of 2023, construction has begun on a skate park at Twiggs Park along the trail.
See Also
Cycling in Chicago
References
Canals in Illinois
Transportation in Chicago
Geography of Chicago
Canals opened in 1910
Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Shore%20Channel
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Pen Park Hole is a large cavern situated underground, at the edge of Filton Golf Course. The cavern was discovered accidentally in the 17th century and the first descent was made by Captain Sturmy in 1669. The entrance is adjacent to the Southmead and Brentry housing estates of north Bristol. Access is tightly controlled by Bristol City Council. It was scheduled as a Site of Special Scientific Interest in 2016 on account of its geological origins, and its cave invertebrate community including the cave shrimp Niphargus kochianus, which is normally known as a spring seepage or chalk aquifer species.
History
Captain Sturmy descended into the pit on July 2, 1669. Having roped down from an old lead mine, he and a miner companion descended using 25 fathoms () of rope. They found a large chamber which they illuminated with candles. Exploring further they found an underground river 20 fathoms wide. Seeing a passage above them, they had a ladder lowered which they used to ascend into the passage. Here they found what they thought was a rich mine "an abundance of strange places, the flooring being a kind of a white stone, enamelled with lead-ore, and the pendant rocks were glazed with saltpetre, which distilled upon them from above, and which time had petrified." After a few hours they ascended to the surface, but the unfortunate Captain Sturmy suffered from a severe headache for four days, developed a fever and died. This gave the hole a bad reputation and for a long time, nobody was willing to explore it further.
On 17 March 1775 Reverend Thomas Newnam of Redcliffe Church fell to his death while attempting to plumb the depth when the tree branch onto which he was holding broke. His body was recovered 17 days later.
In 2007 a mast for mobile phone signals was proposed at the site, however a local campaign had this resited. In 2012 a housing development was proposed. This was rejected after further surveys of the cave showing that it was the only subterranean colony of the shrimp Niphargus kochianus.
Description
The cave consists of some short climbs, and a few chambers, the last of which is a very tall rift chamber with a lake that changes height by as much as 20 metres. Side passages contain impressive dogtooth spar. The cave was formed by rising geothermal water (and is one of the best examples of a hydrothermal cave in the UK or Ireland), making it far older than other caves in the area, at around 190 million years old. The main chamber is high, long and wide. The lake within it is deep but the level fluctuates widely.
The cave entrance is in a residential area and is protected by a steel plate for safety reasons. Access is under the control of Bristol City Council.
References
External links
Pen Park Hole (2013) http://www.penparkhole.org.uk/
UK Caves - Pen Park Hole (2011) http://www.ukcaves.co.uk/cave-penpark
Caves of Bristol
Southmead
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pen%20Park%20Hole
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By Royal Command is the fifth novel in the Young Bond series depicting Ian Fleming's superspy James Bond as a teenager in the 1930s. The novel, written by Charlie Higson, takes place in 1934 and see James at the age of fourteen. Locations include The Alps (Kitzbühel), England, France, Lisbon, and Vienna.
By Royal Command was published in hardcover by Puffin Books in the UK on September 3, 2008. Cover art (featuring a black and red Union Jack) was not revealed until the day of publication. The paperback was released on May 28, 2009, and includes an extract from a new Young Bond short story by Charlie Higson, "A Hard Man to Kill".
By Royal Command was released by Disney-Hyperion in the U.S. on May 18, 2010. Cover artwork is by Owen Richardson.
Synopsis
In Lisbon, OGPU Colonel Irina Sedova, also known as 'Babushka' (Russian for 'grandmother'), visits the leader of the Communist Cell in Portugal. However, she soon realizes that he isn't the cell leader. He vainly tries to kill her but Sedova's bulletproof vest protects her and she manages to kill the imposter. She then finds a sheet of paper with a name from the past on it: James Bond.
During this time, Bond is on his way for a school skiing trip in Austria when he runs afoul of a group of Hitler Youth members who call him a cheater for having won a game of poker. He beats them, gives them back their money, and tells them to play with good grace. Some time later, he arrives in Austria where he realizes that he is being followed. When he arrives at his hotel, he is still being followed. There, he meets with his friend Andrew Carlton and his teacher Mr. Merriot. During a skiing outing, Bond goes after one of his classmates who is drunk and they get caught in an avalanche. After saving himself and his classmate, Bond is hospitalised and hears a man crying out about his cousin named Jürgen who is going to be killed. He later finds out this man was the Graf Von Schlick.
A few days later, the boys return to Eton where Bond is introduced to the new head of his House's Library, Theo Bentinck, a cruel and sadistic individual who enjoys tormenting the younger boys, and who immediately decides to target James for his abuse, knowing that he is not afraid of standing up to older students. Bond also meets the new maid, Roan Power. He finds himself falling in love with her and starts to spend time with her, although doing so brings him unwanted attention from Theo Bentinck. She takes him to meet her friend, an Irishman named Dandy O'Keefe. During this meeting, Bond accidentally meets the Princesses, Elizabeth and Mary but doesn't recognize them. A few days later, he is invited to a party given by the Prince of Wales where he meets the mysterious Graf Otto von Schlick.
On the 4 June King George V comes to Eton and Bond spots Sedova among the crowd. Sometime later he is knocked unconscious, bound and gagged by Dandy, who is planning to assassinate the King by blowing up the church of Eton, while framing Bond for it as part of a plan to start a communist revolution. After preventing the attempt and escaping with a hidden knife, Bond goes after Dandy, who tries to kill him with his knife. Bond is saved by the man who followed him in Austria when he shoots Dandy, who takes him to Mr. Merriot. The teacher reveals that he works for MI6 and that they have been keeping an eye on him. He tells Bond that Dandy and Roan are working for a Communist cell and that they want to know all about the operation. They want Bond to get Roan to talk.
Back at Eton, Roan tells Bond that they are working for a Communist agent who they know as 'Amethyst', who works for the Communist cell based in Portugal. This operation is being run by a man known as 'Obsidian'. Bond informs her that Dandy was captured and, after she begs him not to give her away, they share a kiss. However, unable to betray Roan, Bond tells her the truth and they make plans to run away to Austria together. Before they leave, Bond is accosted by Theo Bentinck, who has been out drinking, and provokes him, before tidily beating him up, and sending him on his way. With the help of James's friend, Perry Mandeville, he and Roan are able to get enough money to leave the country. During their crossing the continent into Austria, they are pursued not only by MI6 but also by Sedova.
When they arrive in Austria, Roan betrays Bond to Obsidian who is none other than Dr. Perseus Friend, whom Bond thought he had killed in Silverfin. It is revealed that Friend had assumed the identity of the Graf since the surgery and had met Bond at the party, and the original Graf had been killed. Also, it is revealed that Friend and Amethyst, a Russian named Vladimir Wrangel, are not working for the Russians but for the Nazis. The plan was to trick Dandy and Roan into believing that the King's death would inspire the workers of Britain to revolt against the government, and then into killing King George V. The King's death would, thus, have placed Edward VIII on the throne. As he was more sympathetic towards Hitler, and the fact that Dandy and Roan would have claimed to be working for the Communists, the United Kingdom would have formed an alliance with Germany, isolating the French and giving Germany an ally in the ensuing war against Communist Russia. Dr. Friend mocks Roan's idealism by saying that the British were too conservative to rise up against their monarchy.
Bond and Roan are locked up and Friend plans to have Bond flayed alive as a revenge for having nearly killed him. However, they manage to escape and are pursued around the castle by Wrangel. As he is about to kill them, OGPU agents under the command of Colonel Sedova, who had followed the entire conspiracy since Lisbon, attacked the Germans. Roan kills Wrangel, saving Bond, and Sedova kills Friend. Sedova corners Bond and Roan just as Bond had cornered her in London. Deciding to show him the same mercy, she tells him that she is taking him back to Russia as leverage against the British, when MI6 arrive and rescue the two. Sedova tries to shoot Bond, who is saved by Roan. Bond shoots Sedova, although she disappears shortly afterwards. Before dying, Roan reveals that she had been married to Dandy, but that she loved Bond.
Subsequently, Merriot informs Bond that, although the King was very grateful that he had saved his life, he would be unable to remain at Eton, so Bond is sent instead to Fettes College.
Background
In an interview, Higson stated that By Royal Command will deal with Bond being forced to leave Eton College due to an incident with a maid. The incident was previously mentioned from the point of view of M in Ian Fleming's You Only Live Twice.
According to Higson, M's comment about the incident was a deliberate attempt to cover up the truth. "Basically, it is decided that things need to be hushed"
The Royal Family and the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) also play a role in By Royal Command. Because of talks of communism, anarchism, and fascism, this book is meant for an older audience than the usual '11 and up' age group. Bond meets Princess Elizabeth and her uncle the Prince of Wales during the course of the book. Even though the book will be partially set in The Alps, it does not offer any revelations about Bond's parents' deaths in an Alpine climbing accident.
At the launch party for Hurricane Gold, Charlie hinted that Amy Goodenough (from Blood Fever) and the villain Babushka (from Double or Die) return in this Young Bond adventure. He also revealed that James Bond falls in love.
Tie-in game
On 11 August 2008 Puffin Books announced the first Young Bond alternate reality game (ARG), The Shadow War, designed to tie-in with the release of By Royal Command. The online game started on 23 August, when Charlie Higson set the first mission during his appearance at the Edinburgh International Book Festival. In the game, players around the world use a range of media, including the Young Bond books themselves and the internet, to complete the missions and influence the outcome of the game. Higson took part in a live online event that concluded the game on 8 October 2008.
See also
Outline of James Bond
References
External links
Official Young Bond website
2008 British novels
Young Bond novels
Fiction set in 1934
Puffin Books books
Novels set in the 1930s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/By%20Royal%20Command
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Manulife Place is a highrise office building and shopping mall in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It was completed in 1983 and designed by Clifford Lawrie Bolton Ritchie Architects. It is located at the corner of 102 Avenue and 101 Street in downtown Edmonton. Naming rights of the complex are held by insurer Manulife.
The building has a two level shopping concourse. Manulife Place is connected by the Edmonton Pedway to Edmonton City Centre and Commerce Place.
At tall, with 36 floors, it was the tallest building in Edmonton from 1983 until 2011. In 2011, it was overtaken by Epcor Tower at .
History of the site
The location of Manulife Place was formerly the home of the King Edward Hotel which stood on the site from 1904 to 1980, before being destroyed by fire.
Manulife Place was constructed by the local general contractor PCL Construction, with another local contractor, C. W. Carry manufacturing and erecting the structural steel.
Luxury department chain Holt Renfrew had a 30,000 square foot store at Manulife Place from 1982 until January 11, 2020, as the Louis Vuitton concession inside the store had departed for West Edmonton Mall, and as the Holt Renfrew chain decided to focus on larger stores with 130,000 square feet or more.
See also
List of tallest buildings in Edmonton
List of Edmonton malls
References
External links
Buildings and structures completed in 1983
Buildings and structures in Edmonton
Skyscraper office buildings in Edmonton
Shopping malls in Edmonton
Tourist attractions in Edmonton
1983 establishments in Alberta
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manulife%20Place
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What We Do Is Secret is a novel by Thorn Kief Hillsbery, published by Villard in 2005.
What We Do Is Secret takes place in Los Angeles in 1981, six months after the death of Darby Crash (lead singer of the Germs). It is narrated by a gay street kid named Rockets Redglare, who knew Darby personally. All the action occurs over the course of 24 hours, on Rockets' 13th birthday.
Synopsis
Rockets was ten years old when he first met Darby Crash, lead singer of LA punk band the Germs. He and Darby had a sexual relationship and Rockets, like many in the scene, looked up to Darby. Rockets was aware, however, that he was often manipulated by Darby's mind games and talent for controlling people. After Darby's death Rockets continues to hang out in the local punk scene, but things are changing and he considers leaving LA.
Rockets' circle of close friends is composed of Siouxie, Squid, and Blitzer. Peripheral characters include Rory Dolores, Animal Cracker, Slade, and Hellin Killer. Despite his age, Rockets is accepted as one of the gang, but he is secretly scared of being returned to a group home. Blitzer, a young man, is very affectionate towards Rockets and the two gradually become more intimate, sexually and otherwise. Blitzer holds out the hope of a new life for the two of them together in Idaho. Blitzer gradually gets more intimate with Rockets, buying a double sleeping bag when they go camping and offering to hold his penis in the bathroom. Eventually, after a concert, they make love and Rockets welcomes Blitzer's advances. They then shower together and Blitzer comments on the bruises that Rockets got when he was arrested by the police]. Rockets admits to Blitzer, "My worst fear is like ending up in a boy's home." Blitzer then gives the boy his first shave and later on shaves his head as Rockets turns from punk to skinhead for his birthday.
All four of the core group of friends make money by turning tricks of one sort or another and spend it on drugs, typically poppers, tabs, and the amphetamine derivative Desoxyn. Two gay tourists hire the group to show them around LA and are therefore also involved in much of the action of the book.
References
2005 American novels
American LGBT novels
Fiction set in 1981
Novels set in Los Angeles
Villard (imprint) books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What%20We%20Do%20Is%20Secret%20%28novel%29
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Heek is a municipality in the district of Borken, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located near the border with the Netherlands, approx. 20 km south-east of Enschede. Heek consists of two villages, Heek and Nienborg.
Sights
The municipality has various sights to offer:
Nienborg Castle
Saint Ludgerus Church in Heek. In 1256, this catholic church was mentioned in a document for the first time. It was enlarged several times. The church houses various masterpieces of art, e.g. a baroque pulpit dating from 1755 and a medieval tabernacle from 1520.
In the middle of Heek, Eppingscher Hof, a historic farm house dating from 1857, was transformed into a cultural center in 1990.
References
Borken (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heek%2C%20Germany
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Israeli wine is produced by hundreds of wineries, ranging in size from small boutique enterprises to large companies producing over ten million bottles per year.
Wine has been produced in the Land of Israel since biblical times. Wine was exported to Rome during the Roman period, but under the Muslim rulers the production was virtually wiped out. Under the Crusaders, winemaking was temporarily revived.
The modern Israeli wine industry was founded by Baron Edmond James de Rothschild, owner of the Bordeaux estate Château Lafite-Rothschild. Today, Israeli winemaking takes place in five vine-growing regions: Galil (Galilee, including the Golan Heights), the region most suited for viticulture due to its high elevation, cool breezes, marked day and night temperature changes and rich, well-drained soils; the Judean Hills, surrounding the city of Jerusalem; Shimshon (Samson), located between the Judean Hills and the Coastal Plain; the Negev, a semi-arid desert region, where drip irrigation has made grape growing possible; and the Sharon plain near the Mediterranean coast and just south of Haifa, surrounding the towns of Zichron Ya'akov and Binyamina, which is the largest grape growing area in Israel.
In 2011, Israeli wine exports totaled over $26.7 million. As of 2012, Israel had 12,355 acres of vineyards.
History
Ancient and Classic era
Viticulture has existed in the land of Israel since biblical times. In the book of Deuteronomy, the fruit of the vine was listed as one of the seven blessed species of fruit found in the land of Israel(Deut. 8:8). The location of Israel along a historic wine trading route between Mesopotamia and Egypt brought winemaking knowledge and influence to the area. Wine played a significant role in the religion of the early Israelites with images of grape growing, harvesting and winemaking often being used to illustrate religious ideals. In Roman times, wine from Israel was exported to Rome with the most sought after wines being vintage, dated with the name of the winemaker inscribed on the amphora.
Middle Ages
Winemaking, limited under Islamic rule, was temporarily revived in the Crusader states from around 1100 to 1300 but the return of Islamic rule and the subsequent Jewish Diaspora extinguished the industry once again.
Modern
Ottoman and British periods
In 1848, a rabbi in Jerusalem founded the first documented winery in modern times but this establishment was short lived. In 1870, the first Jewish agricultural college, Mikveh Israel, was founded and featured a course on viticulture. The root of the modern Israeli wine industry can be traced to the late 19th century when the French Baron Edmond de Rothschild, owner of the Bordeaux estate Château Lafite-Rothschild, began importing French grape varieties and technical know how to the region. In 1882, he helped establish Carmel Winery with vineyards and wine production facilities in Rishon LeZion and Zikhron Ya'akov near Haifa. Still in operation today, Carmel is the largest producer of Israeli wine and has been at the forefront of many technical and historical advances in both winemaking and Israeli history. One of the first telephones in Israel was installed at Carmel and the country's first Prime Minister, David Ben-Gurion, worked in Carmel's cellars in his youth.
After Israeli independence
For most of its history in the modern era, the Israeli wine industry was based predominantly on the production of Kosher wines which were exported worldwide to Jewish communities. The quality of these wines were varied, with many being produced from high-yielding vineyards that valued quantity over quality. Many of these wines were also somewhat sweet. Today's wine production in Israel comes from grape varieties traced to French varieties. In the late 1960s, Carmel Winery was the first Israeli winery to make a dry table wine. It was not until the 1980s that the industry at large saw a revival in quality winemaking, when an influx of winemaking talent from Australia, California and France brought modern technology and technical know-how to the growing Israeli wine industry. In 1989, the first boutique winery in Israel, Margalit Winery, was founded. By the 1990s, Israeli estates such as Golan Heights Winery and Domaine du Castel were winning awards at international wine competitions. The 1990s saw a subsequent "boom" in the opening of boutique wineries. By 2000 there 70 wineries in Israel, and by 2005 that numbered jumped to 140.
Today, less than 15% of Israeli wine is produced for sacramental purposes. The three largest producers—Carmel Winery, Barkan Wine Cellars and Golan Heights Winery—account for more than 80% of the domestic market. The United States is the largest export destination. Even though it contains only around one-quarter of the planted acreage as Lebanon, Israel has emerged as a driving force for winemaking in the Eastern Mediterranean, due to its willingness to adopt new technology and its large export market. The country has also seen the emergence of a modern wine culture with upscale restaurants featuring international wines dedicated to an ever-increasing wine-conscious clientele.
Climate and geography
Israel has a distinctly Mediterranean climate, with the country located along roughly the same latitude as San Diego and the Mexico – United States border. There are two primary seasons - a hot, humid summer season running from April to October with very little precipitation and a cold, rainy winter season from late October to March. During winter, average precipitation is around 20 inches (50 cm) with some areas seeing as much as 35 inches (90 cm) annually. Some vineyards in the higher elevation regions of Golan Heights can see snow in the winter months. With a dry growing season, drip irrigation is essential to sustaining viticulture. Vineyard managers will utilize pruning and canopy management techniques to maximize shade production from the sunlight. Harvest will often take place during the cooler temperatures of night time. The dryness of the growing seasons serves a protective barrier to many grape diseases that thrive in damp weather and allows vineyard managers to control vigor and yields with by irrigation.
Israel is roughly equal in size to the state of New Jersey and is bordered by Lebanon and Syria to the north/northeast, the Mediterranean Sea to the west, the deserts leading to the border with Egypt to the southwest, the Jordan River and Dead Sea region along with the border to Jordan comprise the country's eastern boundaries. Vines are grown throughout the country ranging from the mountain ranges along the Lebanon, Syria borders down to Beersheba and Arad in the south. Small plantings are also found on the Mizpe Ramon plateau and at Neot Smadar in the desert north of Eilat. The vast majority of Israeli winemaking takes place in the more temperate northern climate: Galilee, Sharon Plain, Samson, Golan Heights, and the Judean foothills in the West Bank.
Across Israel there is a wide range of microclimates due to differing soil types and topography. Most areas have limestone based soils with layers of marl and hard dolomites. The color of the soils range from red terra rosa in Judea and Galilee near Mount Tabor to gray in the mountain ranges stretching from Mount Carmel to Zikhron Ya'akov. Marine sediments are found in the loam soils of the coastal plains and at the base of the elevated foothills around Binyamina-Giv'at Ada and Latroun. The Golan Heights and parts of the Upper and Lower Galilee regions have significant layers of basalt deposits of clay and tuff created by centuries of volcanic activity and lava flows. Wind blown sediment deposits help create the loess based and alluvial sand soils of the Negev area.
Israel as a wine region
After many years where in Israel the wine industry was almost non-existent, the past twenty years herald a change in path. In the late eighties there were only a couple of wineries in Israel, making mostly boiled wines for sacramental use. That is part of the reason why wines from Israel are mistakenly considered to be boiled wines and Israel is not yet considered and recognized to be a wine region as many other countries are. Over the last twenty years, the Israeli wine industry has grown tremendously and today there are around 300 wineries of different sizes in all areas of Israel and the Israeli-occupied territories of the Golan Heights and the West Bank.
Israeli wine is produced in five regions, including portions of the Israeli-occupied territories: Galilee (which includes the sub-regions of the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, Upper Galilee and Lower Galilee); the Samson region, located between the southern West Bank and the Coastal Plain; the Negev desert region; the Israeli-occupied West Bank, and the Sharon plain located near the Mediterranean coast and just south of Haifa. , Israel has 50,000 dunams of vineyards. More than 80% of the vineyards planted in Israeli controlled territory are located in the southern West Bank, Samson and Galilee regions.
The Golan contains some of the highest elevated vineyards in Israeli-controlled territory, with vineyard planted upwards of from the Sea of Galilee towards Mount Hermon. There are seven Israeli wineries in the Golan Heights that cultivate a total of . These include four boutiques, and Château Golan, Bazelet Hagolan, and the Golan Heights Winery whose Yarden, Gamla, and Golan labels enjoy international renown.
Grape varieties
During centuries of Islamic rule, alcohol production was banned as part of the Islamic dietary laws. Ancient vineyards that were grown in the country under Muslim-rule were not used to produce wine, but used strictly for food consumption. The Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi (985 CE) wrote that, in his day, the best raisins in Palestine came from the species known as ʻAinūnī and Durī, prepared from grapes that grew in Bayt ʻAinūn and Dura, places lying respectively to the northeast and southwest of Hebron. During European settlement in the country in the mid and late 19th century, the names of the varieties of grapes grown by Arab husbandmen included names such as Hevroni, Dabouki, Marawi (also known as Hamdani), Halbani, Sharwishi, Jandali amongst the whites and Zeitani, Karkashani, Razaki, Karashi, Balouti (Baladi) and Bituni amongst the reds. Most were grown in the Bethlehem or Hebron areas primarily by Arabs and the names reflect their Arab origins. These varieties were sold to the few Jewish wineries that existed at that time. Today, the wine industry produces primarily French grape varieties imported during the late 19th century. The most widely planted varieties include Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot and Sauvignon blanc. Emerging varieties that have recently been increasing in popularity include Cabernet Franc, Gewurztraminer, Muscat Canelli, Riesling and Syrah. Other varieties planted to some significant degree include Emerald Riesling, Muscat of Alexandria and the crossing Argaman.
A primary concern in Israeli wine production is maintaining acid levels to balance the naturally high sugars that the warm climate of the region produces. Vineyards at higher elevations, as opposed to the lower coastal plains, have more consistently produced wines with the necessary acid balance. Cabernet Sauvignon has shown the greatest aging potential thus far. The smooth texture and ripe tannins of Israeli Merlot has increased that wine's popularity in the market. Chardonnay grown in Israel has shown itself to be highly reflective of terroir and reflective of the particular characteristics of vineyard soils. It is also the primary grape used in Israeli sparkling wine production made according to the methode champenoise.
Production figures and consumption
, the Israeli wine industry produced an average of 36 million bottles of wine annually in a variety of styles ranging from red, white, rosé, still, sparkling and dessert wines. There are 35 commercial wineries in Israel, and over 250 boutique wineries. The 10 largest wineries in Israel, in terms of production volume, are Carmel, Barkan, Golan Heights, Teperberg 1870, Binyamina Wine Cellar, Galil Mountain, Tishbi Winery, Tabor, Recanati and Dalton Winery. The industry is fairly concentrated, with 75% of the nationwide production coming from the top 5 producers.
Annual wine consumption among Israelis averages 4.6 liters of wine per person.
Enotourism
It was announced in early 2008 that a wine park would be created on the slopes between Zichron Ya'akov and Binyamina in order to promote tourism in the area and enotourism in Israel in general.
Assessment by wine critics
Annually from 2005 to 2012 Daniel Rogov, Israel's leading wine critic and Food & Wine Critic for Haaretz, ranked Israeli wines in his Rogov's Guide to Israeli Wines. In the 2012 edition, Rogov describes, sorts and ranks more than 2500 wines from over 150 Israeli wineries.
Today Israeli wineries receive recognition from the worldwide wine industry as they are highly rated and win the most important wine awards. One of the first accomplishments by an Israeli winery in the global world of wines was made by Domaine du Castel when their white wine was chosen as one of the best new releases in 2001. In 2012, Golan Heights winery received a Wine Star award from Wine Enthusiast magazine. The Golan Heights winery has also won the Gran Vinitaly Special Award as the best wine producer title in Vinitaly competition of 2011.
The wine advocate Robert Parker has been rating Israel's wines for more than five years now, when many Israeli wines received a score of more than 90. Yatir Forest wine by Yatir winery scored above 90 points for seven consecutive vintages, the same was achieved by Domaine du Castel's Grand Vin wine. The Cabernet reserve of Flam winery of the Judean Hills, was included in the French La Revue Du Vin France magazine list of 100 outstanding wines.
Galil Mountain winery won two awards in the Citadelles du Vin 2011 competition which was held at the Vinexpo 2011 in France. In Hugh Johnson's wine pocket book, written by the British important wine critic, Domaine du Castel winery received the full 4 stars and Yatir winery 3-4 stars, the highest rating available, since 2008. Hugh Johnson has also selected Domaine du Castel's Grand Vin wine to be one of his personal 200 favorite wines from all around the world.
Israel's reds, whites and rosés also have been praised by Robert Parker and Oz Clarke. When Parker first reviewed Israeli wines in 2007, he awarded 14 of them more than 90 out of a maximum 100 points, rating them world-class. Clarke included two Israeli wineries, Domaine du Castel and Yatir Winery, in his Pocket Wine Book 2010. Kim Marcus, managing editor of Wine Spectator magazine, was not impressed by Israel's wineries in the 1990s, but in 2008, he wrote that quality had improved immensely, especially the red wines.
Manufacturers by certification
Kosher wine
To be considered kosher, a wine may only be handled by observant Jews from the time the grapes are crushed. If, however, the wine is boiled or pasteurized, it may subsequently be handled by anyone without losing its kosher status. Additionally, kosher wine cannot contain any non-kosher ingredients or fining agents such as isinglass, gelatin or casein. Although not all Israeli wine is kosher, virtually all of the large producers in Israel have kosher certification.
Arab Christian wine manufacturers (non-Kosher)
There are at least two Israeli Arab wine producers, both Christians. They run respectively the Ashkar winery near the border with Lebanon and the Jascala winery. The winery in Kafr Yasif is run by descendants of the Christian villagers of Iqrit. The Jascala winery is based in Jish. The wine is non-kosher and the producers cater both to Arab restaurants in places like Nazareth, Haifa, Ramallah, Jerusalem and Acre, and to non-Kosher restaurants in Tel Aviv. The Israeli chef Yotam Ottolenghi is reputedly one of their clients.
Export problems
Several wines such as the one coming from the "Judean Hills" and the Golan Heights, may actually refer to areas that are Israeli-occupied territories., which is a subject of legal contention abroad.
In a 2011 report drawn up by the Coalition of Women for Peace, the researchers concluded that all major Israeli wineries use grapes harvested from the occupied territories of the Golan Heights and the West Bank. Taking advantage of tax breaks, Israel's largest producer, Barkan Wine Cellars, which grew out of an old winery in Petah Tikva established a plant in the West Bank's Barkan Industrial Park. By 2011 it was estimated that the West Bank had 29 wineries run by Israeli entrepreneurs, as opposed to 14 in the Golan Heights. One of the largest of the West Bank operations is in the area circumscribed by the settlements of Shilo, Eli, Rechlim and Ma'ale Levona, on land owned or claimed by Palestinians. In the case of the Yatir winery, technically it is located within Israel's recognized boundaries, but the grapes are grown in West Bank settlements across the divide such as Beit Yatir, Carmel, Ma'on and Susya.
In November 2015 the European Union determined that settlement products could not use the label "Made in Israel". In July 2019 the Federal Court of Canada, following up on a complaint of false labelling made by David Kattenberg, a son of Holocaust survivors, ruled that characterizing wines produced in Israeli settlements as 'Israeli' was "false, misleading and deceptive." Kattenberg's original complaint had been accepted by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), only to be overruled within hours, with the CFIA affirming that the Canada–Israel Free Trade Agreement (CIFTA) overrode domestic consumer protection laws.
The Golan Heights, occupied by Israel since the Six-Day War in 1967, are located northeast of Israel proper, though Israel considers it a sub-region of the Galilee. The legal status in international law of the Golan Heights has resulted in controversy on the export market. In one example, following domestic demand for kosher wine, a number of Golan Heights wines were marketed by Systembolaget, Sweden's state-owned monopoly alcohol retailer, as "Made in Israel" on shelves and in the sales catalogue. Following customer complaints and consultation with Sweden's foreign ministry, Systembolaget changed the shelf labelling to read, "Made in Israeli-occupied Syrian territories." However this prompted further complaints, from some customers and a Member of Parliament. Systembolaget's solution was to simply remove all reference to the product's country of origin on shelves and in catalogues, classifying the wine as of "other origins." The actual bottles remained unchanged throughout the controversy, and carried the producer's English-language labels.
On 12 February 2013, Der Spiegel reported that Israel falsely labels products from Golan as "made in Israel", mentioning wine as one example.
In June 2019 the Advocate general of the European Court of Justice set forth his advisory legal opinion that a decision made by a French court in 2018, which waived the requirement to identify the origin of Israeli wines in the West Bank, was invalid. A binding decision was deferred to November 12, 2019, at which date the court confirmed that retailers must specify in their labelling when selling foodstuffs if they come from the occupied territories, including East Jerusalem, and whether they are produced in an Israeli settlement.
In 2020, the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority warned the Christian Zionist organisation "Christenen voor Israël" for selling wines produced in Kiryat Arba (near Hebron) with the designation "Made in an Israeli village in Judea and Samaria", already having been changed from "Made in Israel".
See also
Economy of Israel
History of wine
Israeli cuisine
Kosher wine
Palestinian wine
Wine in the Middle East
References
Further reading
Ben-Joseph, Michael, The Bible of Israeli Wines, Moshav Ben Shemen, Modan Publishing House, (2002)
Rogov, Daniel, Rogov's Guides to Israeli & World Kosher Wines 2011, The Toby Press LLC, (2011)
External links
Israel Wine Producers' Association
A Long History of Wine, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
The Kosher Wine Society
ISRAEL’S WINE INDUSTRY (2012)// The Israel Export & International Cooperation Institute
FAST FACTS/ ISRAELI WINE (2016)
Israel's wine regions
Israeli cuisine
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli%20wine
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Guilty Bystander is a 1950 American crime drama directed by Joseph Lerner, and starring Zachary Scott and Faye Emerson. The film was shot on location entirely in New York City. It also marked the last motion picture screen appearances for character actors Mary Boland and J. Edward Bromberg.
Plot
Max Thursday is an ex-cop and an alcoholic. The only job he can find is house detective at his pal Smitty's rundown hotel.
Ex-wife Georgia comes to him in a panic. Their young son Jeff is missing and so is her brother Fred Mace. She didn't report it, after being warned not to go to the police by Dr. Elder, who is a business acquaintance of Fred's.
The drunken Max confronts pistol packing Dr. Elder, looking for answers regarding his missing son, but the doctor knocks him out cold from behind. Max wakes up and is taken to police headquarters for questioning. He soon learns that Dr. Elder has been killed and he becomes the prime suspect. Georgia gives the cops a false alibi for Max, so the police have no cause to hold him, and he's released.
Now sober, Max learns that the doctor was involved in a diamond smuggling operation with Varkas, a known criminal. He learns from Varkas' helpful moll, Angel, that the gangster's men are holding Fred hostage.
Max is shot in the arm by Varkas' thugs. He goes to Georgia who stitches his wounds. When he recovers, he goes to Varkas' warehouse to look for Mace. He discovers that Varkas and his bodyguards are all dead.
Max finally realizes that his old friend Smitty is behind the whole scheme. Fred and little Jeff are rescued. Grateful Georgia embraces her little boy and welcomes Max back into the family.
Cast
Zachary Scott as Max Thursday
Faye Emerson as Georgia
Mary Boland as Smitty
Sam Levene as Captain Tonetti
J. Edward Bromberg as Varkas
Kay Medford as Angel
Jed Prouty as Dr. Elder
Harry Landers as Bert
Dennis Patrick as Fred Mace
Ray Julian as Johnny
Reaction
Film critic Bosley Crowther, writing for The New York Times, calls Guilty Bystander's plot as average but notes "... the slow, sultry, steaming sadism that is usually standard in this type of film is rather effectively accomplished. The photography is full of heavy moods. And some of the melodramatic action, such as a chase in the subway, is good."
Film critic Dennis Schwartz panned the film in his review, but praised Zachary Scott's acting chops. He wrote, "Zachary Scott acts his butt off, but can't come close to saving this uninteresting film noir melodrama from how ordinary it is. It's a low-budget film that is saddled with a weak storyline and is poorly photographed. It's about a world of assorted losers: drunks, hypochondriacs, smugglers, and double-crossers ... There's just not much of a story here to sink your teeth into. The film's best asset is Scott acting out the part of a thirsty drunk."
References
External links
1950 films
1950 crime drama films
American crime drama films
American black-and-white films
Film noir
Films scored by Dimitri Tiomkin
Films based on American novels
1950s English-language films
1950s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilty%20Bystander
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Pure Holocaust is the second album by Norwegian black metal band Immortal. It was released on November 1, 1993, on Osmose Productions. It is generally faster sounding than its predecessor Diabolical Fullmoon Mysticism. The lyrics focus mainly on ice, snow, and fantasy landscapes. It is the first album to feature Abbath on drums.
The album was released as a standard CD, as a limited LP on Osmose Productions (which was reissued in 2005), and as a limited edition picture disc in 1998.
Track listing
Personnel
Immortal
Abbath Doom Occulta – vocals, bass, drums
Demonaz Doom Occulta – guitar
Note
Grim is credited for drums on the album and appears on the cover, however, drums were played by Abbath.
References
External links
Official website
Immortal Discography
Encyclopaedia Metallum
1993 albums
Immortal (band) albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure%20Holocaust
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Robert Nathan Mathis (born February 26, 1981) is an American former professional football player who spent his entire 14-year career as a defensive end and linebacker with the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Alabama A&M Bulldogs and was selected by the Colts in the fifth round of the 2003 NFL Draft. A two-time All-Pro and a five-time Pro Bowler, Mathis won the Super Bowl XLI with the Colts in 2006 over the Chicago Bears. He is also the NFL's all-time leader in forced fumbles and strip sacks. The year after retiring, Mathis joined the Colts as an assistant defensive coach.
Early years
Mathis was born in Atlanta, Georgia. He attended McNair High School in Atlanta. He was classmates with Gucci Mane.
College career
Mathis enrolled in at Alabama A&M University, where he was a four-year starter for the Bulldogs. He set an NCAA I-AA record with 20 sacks during his senior season and established himself as one of the most dominant defensive players in NCAA I-AA history. In the summer of 2010, Mathis graduated with a degree in exercise science with a minor in physical education, and is a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity, Nu Epsilon chapter.
Professional career
Indianapolis Colts
2003–2005
Mathis was selected by the Indianapolis Colts with the 138th selection in the 2003 NFL Draft.
Mathis immediately stepped in during his rookie season as a pass rush specialist, playing in all 16 regular season games and recording 20 tackles, 3.5 sacks and 3 forced fumbles. During his second season, Mathis took another step forward as he increased his numbers to 36 tackles, 10.5 sacks and 6 forced fumbles, despite appearing only as a specialist and starting only 1 game. In Mathis's third season, he set a Colts franchise record with 8 consecutive games with at least 1 sack, and finished the season with 54 tackles, 11.5 sacks and 8 forced fumbles, despite missing three games due to injuries.
2006–2011
Following the 2005 season, Robert Mathis signed a 5-year extension with the Colts worth $30 million, making him one of the highest paid defensive ends in the league at the time. The following season, Mathis started every game for the first time in his career, recording a career-high 65 tackles along with 9.5 sacks and 6 forced fumbles. That year, Mathis helped the Colts go on to beat the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XLI to become NFL Champions. In 2007, Mathis recorded 32 tackles, 7 sacks and 4 forced fumbles in an injury shortened season.
In 2008, Mathis had his best statistical season to date, posting 48 tackles, 11.5 sacks and 5 forced fumbles. He was also voted to the 2009 Pro Bowl for the AFC behind then-teammate and perennial Pro-Bowler Dwight Freeney.
In November 2009, Mathis won his first career AFC Defensive Player of the Month award, and finished the season with 37 tackles, 9.5 sacks, and 5 forced fumbles. He would win his second such award for his defensive performance in September 2010, and would finish 2010 with 60 tackles, 11 sacks, and 1 forced fumble.
Mathis recorded 9.5 sacks during the 2011 regular season, along with 43 tackles and 3 forced fumbles. It was the seventh season in his 9-year NFL career that he had at least 9.5 sacks. On January 2, 2012 Mathis was added to the AFC Pro Bowl Roster to replace Patriots DE Andre Carter. On January 23, 2012 Mathis decided not to play in Pro Bowl. Mathis recorded 33 tackles, 8 sacks, and 1 forced fumble in 12 games during the 2012 season.
2012–2016
On March 5, 2012, Mathis signed a one-year tender worth $10.6 million. He then signed a four-year $36 million contract on the same day. Mathis began playing strong-side outside linebacker under new Colts head coach Chuck Pagano during the 2012 season. He recorded his first interception against Detroit Lions quarterback Matthew Stafford in a 35-33 win during week 13.
In week 5 of the 2013 season against the Seattle Seahawks, Mathis recorded the 100th sack of his career. He became the 30th player in league history to accomplish the feat. He was named the AFC Defensive Player of the Month for October, the third time he has won the award.
On November 24, 2013 during a game against the Cardinals, Mathis recorded his 40th career strip sack, breaking the previous record held by Jason Taylor.
In a Week 15 matchup with the Houston Texans on December 15, 2013, Mathis sacked quarterback Case Keenum giving him the Colts' single-season record of 16.5 sacks and the franchise record of 108.0 career sacks, breaking marks previously held by Dwight Freeney, his former teammate. It was also his 42nd strip sack of his career, adding to his NFL record of career sack forced fumbles.
Mathis would lead the NFL in sacks with 19.5, a half sack more than Robert Quinn of the St. Louis Rams. He was awarded the inaugural Deacon Jones award for leading the NFL in sacks, and also won his second AFC Defensive Player of the Month award of the 2013 season for his performance in December. He finished second in the Defensive Player of the Year voting behind Luke Kuechly of the Carolina Panthers.
On May 16, 2014, it was announced that Mathis would serve a 4-game suspension for violating the leagues' drug policy. Mathis issued a statement later that day claiming that his violation of the league's performance-enhancing drug policy was due to taking unapproved fertility drugs to conceive a child.
On September 8, 2014, it was reported that Mathis had torn his Achilles tendon while working out on his own, sidelining him for the season. The Colts signed Mathis to a one-year extension on September 30, 2014.
During the 2015 season, Mathis won the AFC Defensive Player of the Week award for Week 16 after totalling two sacks against the Dolphins, including one to end the game. Coincidentally, former teammate Dwight Freeney won the award for the NFC for the same week.
On December 30, 2016, Mathis announced that he would retire following the Colts Week 17 game against the Jacksonville Jaguars. In the game Mathis recorded three tackles and a strip sack, which was the 123rd sack of his career. He passed former teammate Dwight Freeney (122.5) for 17th most sacks in NFL history, and extended his own record for most career strip sacks (47). For his efforts in the game, he was named the AFC Defensive Player of the Week.
NFL career statistics
Regular season
Postseason
Personal life
Mathis appeared as himself in the episode "Fluoride" of the comedy television series Parks and Recreation, alongside teammates Andrew Luck, Reggie Wayne, Adam Vinatieri, Anthony Castonzo, and Colts owner Jim Irsay.
In 2017, Mathis joined the Colts coaching staff as a Pass Rush Consultant.
In 2020, Mathis started the Gridiron Gang, a football team based in Indianapolis that travels the country.
Notes
References
External links
Indianapolis Colts bio
1981 births
Living people
Players of American football from Atlanta
African-American players of American football
American football defensive ends
American football linebackers
Alabama A&M Bulldogs football players
Indianapolis Colts players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
Unconferenced Pro Bowl players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Mathis
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Paul Anthony Linwood (born 24 October 1983) is an English former professional footballer who played as a central defender.
He has previously played professionally in the Football League for Tranmere Rovers, Wrexham, Chester City and Grimsby Town and in the Cymru Premier for Connah's Quay Nomads. He also played at Non-league level for Fleetwood Town, Chester, Salford City, Ramsbottom United and Trafford.
Career
Tranmere Rovers
Born in Birkenhead, Linwood was educated in Wirral at Hilbre High School. Linwood was with hometown club Tranmere Rovers from 2002 to 2006, having been a trainee previously. He made his first-team debut in an EFL Trophy tie at Blackpool in October 2003, with his Football League debut following a few days later in a 2–1 win over Oldham Athletic. Linwood spent the start of the 2005–2006 season on loan to Wrexham, before enjoying a short spell back in the Tranmere first-team.
Chester City
In the summer of 2006 he opted to join neighbours Chester City, with a £15,000 transfer fee set at tribunal. He made his Chester debut as the Blues beat Accrington Stanley on 5 August 2006, the club he would score his first league goal for Chester against later in the season. He also found the net in a Football League Trophy tie at Chesterfield during the campaign. As he became an established figure at the Deva Stadium, he was voted the Chester City's player of the season for 2007–08. He was named the official captain after a contract dispute involving fellow defender Paul Butler, a role he maintained during the 2008–09 campaign. The season saw him score twice in 43 league matches as the club suffered relegation from The Football League.
Grimsby Town
On 3 July 2009, Linwood signed a three-year contract at League Two side Grimsby Town. Grimsby manager Mike Newell had been impressed with Linwood's performances for his former club Chester whilst playing against Grimsby in the previous season. Despite a glowing reference from his new boss, Linwood found himself playing second fiddle to the preferred centre half pairing of Ryan Bennett and Robert Atkinson, this was until Bennett was sold which allowed Linwood an extended run in the first team, until the club opted to sign Olly Lancashire on loan.
On 12 May 2010, Linwood was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the Football League.
Non-league
On 29 June 2010 Linwood signed a 3-year deal with newly promoted Conference Premier side Fleetwood Town. He was released by the club in May 2012.
On 30 May 2012 he returned to the city of Chester to play for newly promoted Conference North side Chester. Linwood previously played for Chester City before their demise in 2010. Linwood scored his first goal for the club in the 2–0 home win over Oxford City.
In the summer of 2014 he moved to Salford City. He made his club debut in the opening league match of the season on 16 August as Salford beat Scarborough 4–1.
In 2017 he moved to Trafford.
Podcast controversy
In May 2019, Linwood appeared on the I Had Trials Once podcast on Spotify, in the interview he spoke about his time at Grimsby Town during the 2009–10 season. Linwood went on to explain that he and other players never took to living in Grimsby and that the team was full of alcoholics. He claimed that the clubs biggest mistake was sacking Mike Newell who had joined in with the drinking, and that the players had never taken to his replacement Neil Woods.
Speaking of Newell and Woods, Linwood said "We had loads of days and nights out, and we were turning it round. He had a falling out upstairs after one of the games, and he got the sack. The Youth Team manager took over. Now the Youth Team manager saw the older-ish lads there, and he just hated it. We all had a drink anyway, and Newelly used to join us – he was always with us, him and his assistant. He used to ring on a Tuesday and go 'where are you?'
'Nowhere gaffer, we’re just in Costa'. 'I know you're in the pub, I’m coming!' It was good under Newelly, and the Youth Team manager came in and just hated all that. But it’s the worst thing he could have done because the players just rebelled against him, and there were a lot of big characters in that dressing room he couldn’t handle."
Linwood added that "You’d finish training, Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say 'lads, I'm just having a pint at the Laceby Arms', and the whole squad would be in there. 15 pints, easy. It was the only pub we could get away with it. It was in a tiny little village, and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits! Even I turned round one day and said 'this has gone too far'. We'd had a Monday session – straight after training, we finished boozing about five that morning, and then we were in for training at nine the next day. Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up, and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point. Those two came to pick me up after a session, and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training, which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters!" Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122-year history.
When the podcast went viral in January 2020, fans of Grimsby Town reacted with anger and contempt and began abusing Linwood on his social media accounts. Linwood on a follow-up podcast refused to apologise to Grimsby supporters saying "F***ing not one of them because they abused me for f***ing months after it, so they can f*** off, all of them."
Honours
Chester City
Player of the Season: 2007–08
Chester FC
Peter Swales Shield Winners 2012
Conference North Winners 2012–13
Cheshire Senior Cup Winners 2012–13
Salford City
Northern Premier League Division One North Winners 2014–15
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Birkenhead
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Chester City F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Fleetwood Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Chester F.C. players
Salford City F.C. players
Northern Premier League players
Connah's Quay Nomads F.C. players
Ramsbottom United F.C. players
Trafford F.C. players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Linwood
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The Strays of York is a collective name for four areas of open land, comprising in all over , within the City of York. Their individual names are Bootham Stray, Micklegate Stray (which includes the Knavesmire and Hob Moor), Monk Stray and Walmgate Stray.
History
The Strays are the remains of much greater areas of common land on which the hereditary Freemen of the City had, since time immemorial, the right to graze cattle.
After the Parliamentary Enclosures of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, whereby commons were enclosed and rights of pasturage extinguished, areas of grazing land were allotted to the Freemen in lieu of their existing rights. Together with the Knavesmire and Hob Moor, land already used by the City for pasturage, these areas became the Strays, land vested in the Corporation to be held in trust for the Freemen of each of the original four Wards of the City.
Ownership and administration
Originally, each Stray was controlled and managed by Pasture Masters for the exclusive benefit of the Freemen resident in their Ward. In 1905, the City took over Micklegate Stray, and in 1907 an Act of Parliament extinguished the Freemen's rights over it in exchange for the payment of an annual sum of money. In 1947, the City approached the Pasture Masters of the other three Strays with a view to making similar arrangements in their cases. Agreements were signed with the Freemen of Bootham Ward in that year, with the Freemen of Walmgate Ward in 1948 and with the Freemen of Monk Ward in 1958. In each case, the Freemen agreed that, in exchange for a small annual payment to them, the City should in future administer their Stray "as an open space for the benefit and enjoyment of the citizens of York for all time". Currently, the Pasture Masters are elected annually by the Freemen of their Wards, and are consulted by the City about major changes of usage. Their permission has to be obtained if the City wishes to erect any building on their Stray other than those intended for the recreation or convenience of the public (sports pavilions, public lavatories, etc.). In 1995, payments were still being made to Freemen of Micklegate Ward and their widows, but payments to Freemen of the other Wards had ceased.
Bootham Stray
Bootham Stray () is located to the north of York city centre. Most of it lies on either side of Wigginton Road (B1363) between the Nestlé chocolate factory and the Bumper Castle pub. Technically, the Stray also includes narrow strips of land bordering on Wigginton Road up to and including Clarence Gardens at the junction with Haxby Road and Clarence Street, but much of this has either been built over or is used as the front gardens of houses. There was a nineteenth-century Herdsman's Cottage on the east side of the road near the level-crossing on the York-Scarborough railway line, but this was demolished in 1968.
Micklegate Stray
Micklegate Stray () is to the south-west of the city centre and lies on either side of Tadcaster Road (A1036). The larger eastern section consists of the Knavesmire and a number of smaller areas to the north-east, including Scarcroft Park. To the west of Tadcaster Road is Hob Moor, although, because of the buildings on this side and the presence beyond them of the London to York railway line, the greater part of it is invisible from the road.
Knavesmire and Scarcroft area
Like Monk Stray and the northern end of Bootham Stray, the Knavesmire (), containing York Racecourse, is clearly visible and immediately accessible from a main road. A quieter tree-lined public road, Knavesmire Road, runs across the Knavesmire from the cottage orné-style Herdsman's Cottage at the northern end to the South Bank area of York. South of the racecourse, National Route 65 of the National Cycle Network, the White Rose cycle route from Middlesbrough to Hull, York to Selby section, crosses the Knavesmire near Knavesmire Wood.
To the north-east, the Knavesmire's boundary is Albemarle Road. But there is a further part of Micklegate Stray between here and the City Walls. Much of it consists of allotments, but Scarcroft Park, accessible from the Walls via Scarcroft Lane, is a well-maintained open space with a bowling-green.
Hob Moor
Hob Moor () is a local nature reserve. It is an open space populated by cows, walkers and cyclists; it sometimes becomes waterlogged in wet weather. The main part of the Moor, to the west of the railway, is shaped rather like an inverted sweater, a body with two dangling arms. Two primary schools are located on the Moor. A signposted cycle path crosses the Moor between the Knavesmire and Acomb.
Access from the Knavesmire and Tadcaster Road is via a path that passes some allotments and Hob's Stone, an upright 14th-century coffin-lid with a weathered effigy of a knight, accompanied by a flat stone and a basin. The latter was used as a Plague Stone in the seventeenth century: the basin was filled with vinegar, in which people washed coins in the mistaken belief that bubonic plague was transmitted via money.
Hob Moor can also be accessed from St Helen's Road/Thanet Road to the south, and from Green Lane and Hob Moor Drive/Holly Bank Road to the north.
Monk Stray
Monk Stray lies() to the north-east of York on either side of Malton Road (A1036). It extends as a thin strip of land for about one and a half miles from Heworth Green to the Monk's Cross area in the parish of Heworth Without. The Herdsman's Cottage, a one-storey building of about 1820, is on the west side at the start of Malton Road, and the old Elmfield Villa (1832), which was a Primitive Methodist college, Elmfield College for 70 years, is about further up on the right (currently Straylands Grove).
Much of the west side of the Stray is occupied by the Heworth Golf Club. On the eastern side (known as 'Heworth Stray') is an area of open parkland. Outside the old City boundary, the areas of Stray on both sides of the road are less maintained, and can become boggy in wet weather, on tracks made by walkers through the longer grass. The parkland east of the Malton Road offers good views of York Minster, and occasionally is used for community events, such as the 2009 Tour of Britain festival.
Walmgate Stray
Walmgate Stray (), also known as Low Moor, is the least visible of the Strays as, unlike the others, it is not on or adjacent to a classified road. It lies to the south-east of the city, with a short boundary on Heslington Lane and direct access from Heslington Road and University Road, as well as from Fulford Road (A19), either via Kilburn Road and through the allotments, or via the cycle path which runs from the South Bank area via the Millennium Bridge and the north side of the Imphal Barracks. The entrance from Heslington Road is between the University's Fairfax House and The Retreat, and is next to No. 103, the Herdsman's Cottage of about 1840.
From the Herdsman's Cottage, the Stray first slopes upwards – this is the edge of Lamel Hill – and then gently downwards past the grounds of The Retreat on the left, and there are views over the allotments to the trees of York Cemetery on the right. At the end of The Retreat's north/south wall, the cycle path crosses the Stray from Fulford Road (on the right) to the Biology building of the University (on the left). At the east (University) end of The Retreat's southern wall is a plaque to Joseph Rowntree, who is buried in the Quaker cemetery within The Retreat's grounds. Nearby is an unusual commemorative metal seat.
Further south, towards Heslington Lane, grazing cattle may be seen. The ground is flat and can be waterlogged in wet weather.
Bibliography
York Group for the Promotion of Planning: The Strays and Ways of York (The Sessions Book Trust, 1968)
The Strays of York and their Management through the ages. W.W.M.Nisbet 1973
References
External links
Gild of Freemen of the City of York - Strays of York
Common lands and strays, A History of the County of Yorkshire: the City of York (1961), pp. 498–506. British History Online, accessed 24 May 2007.
Friends of Hob Moor
Parks and commons in York
Local Nature Reserves in North Yorkshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strays%20of%20York
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Ambitle is a volcanic island which, together with Babase, another volcanic island, is one of the two Feni Islands in the Bismarck Archipelago. The island is located within the Papua New Guinea's New Ireland Province, to the east of the island of New Ireland.
Ambitle is a stratovolcano, reaching above sea level. It last erupted in about 350 BCE based on radiocarbon dating. Its caldera, wide, contains thermal areas on its western side. Venting of hydrothermal water also occurs in coral reefs to the west of this island.
References
Further reading
Islands of Papua New Guinea
Stratovolcanoes of Papua New Guinea
New Ireland Province
Pliocene stratovolcanoes
Pleistocene stratovolcanoes
Holocene stratovolcanoes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambitle
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Heiden is a municipality in the district of Borken in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approximately 5 km east of Borken.
Its most important symbol are the devil stones.
Geography
Location
Heiden is located in the west of the Westphalian Lowland near to the changeover to the Ruhr area in the south.
In the north of Heiden are The Mountains (Die Berge). Heiden is surrounded by many woods.
Neighbouring places
In the north Heiden borders the city of Borken and the city of Velen, in the east borders the municipality of Reken.
The southern border of Heiden to Dorsten is also the border to the district of Recklinghausen.
Division
Officially, Heiden has no division. Nevertheless, there are hamlets outside the urban settlement of Heiden. On the one hand, there are the dispersed settlements of Leblich with its Hamlets Buschausen, Leblich and Heiden along the Railway Street in the south and on the other hand Nordick and Lammersfeld in the north.
History
Early history
In one of Heidens forests (The Uhlen) you can find the devil stones (in German Teufelssteine or in Low German Düwelsteene) these are the remains of a Neolithic dolmen from 3500–2800 B.C. These are the earlist evidence of human settlement in the local area.
Foundation/Name
Heiden was founded as the farm Heghinc. In the year 870, Heiden was first mentioned in a donation to a monastery.
During its development to a settlement, Heiden was also named Heidion, Heithene, Hethen and finally Heyden.
The origin of the Name Heiden is the heathland (German: Heideland), which is the natural landscape in Heidens area.
Since 1975, Heiden is a municipality.
Politics
The parties and associations in the municipal council were voted every five years.
Patrick Voßkamp (CDU), whose term began in 2020, is the current mayor. He was preceded by Hans-Jürgen Benson (SPD), whose term began in 2015. Before 2015, the independent candidate Heiner Buß was mayor for 15 years.
Twin towns
Heilbad Heiligenstadt, Thuringia,
Lancaster, Wisconsin,
Rybno, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship,
Gallery
References
External links
Official website
Borken (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heiden%2C%20Germany
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America is a monthly Catholic magazine published by the Jesuits of the United States and headquartered in midtown Manhattan. It contains news and opinion about Catholicism and how it relates to American politics and cultural life. It has been published continuously since 1909, and is also available online.
With its Jesuit affiliation, America has been considered a liberal-leaning publication, and has been described by The Washington Post as "a favorite of Catholic liberal intellectuals".
History
The Jesuit provinces of the U.S.A. founded America in New York in 1909 and continue to publish the weekly printed magazine. Francis X. Talbot was editor-in-chief from 1936 to 1944.
Matt Malone became the fourteenth editor-in-chief on 1 October 2012, the youngest in the magazine's history. In September 2013, the magazine published an interview of Pope Francis with his fellow Jesuit Antonio Spadaro.
In the spring of 2014, Malone announced that America would open a bureau in Rome with Gerard O'Connell as correspondent.
On February 28, 2017, America launched a podcast, Jesuitical, targeted at young Catholics.
In 2022 Matt Malone concluded his editorship after ten years.
Sam Sawyer became the fifteenth editor.
Controversy
From 1998, when Thomas J. Reese became editor-in-chief, the magazine became controversial for publishing articles and opinion pieces at variance with the teaching of the Holy See on homosexuality, priestly celibacy, birth control, the debate about induced abortion and other matters. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith proposed a committee of censors to review the magazine’s content. Reese resigned in May 2005. The National Catholic Reporter asserted that Reese's resignation was forced by the Vatican, although America and the Jesuit generalate in Rome denied this.
In 2009, under the leadership of Drew Christiansen, the editorial board gave support to an invitation for US President Barack Obama to receive an honorary degree at the University of Notre Dame. This was controversial, since the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops had discouraged Catholic Universities from honoring politicians and activists that supported abortion rights.
See also
John J. Wynne
References
External links
1909 establishments in the United States
Weekly magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1909
Magazines published in New York City
Jesuit publications
Catholic magazines published in the United States
Religious magazines published in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%20%28magazine%29
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The red-crowned amazon (Amazona viridigenalis), also known as the red-crowned parrot, green-cheeked amazon or Mexican red-headed parrot, is an endangered amazon parrot native to northeastern Mexico and possibly southern Texas in the United States. A 1994 study estimated wild populations of between 2,000 and 4,300 mature individuals; the IUCN Red List considers it a globally endangered species with a decreasing population. The main threats to the native bird's survival are the illegal export of trapped birds from Mexico to the United States for the pet trade and the destruction of their natural habitat, the lowland forests of northeastern Mexico.
Description
Their appearance is generally green with the most notable features being a bright red forehead and crown, dark blue streak behind the eyes, and light green cheeks. It is not uncommon for red-crowned amazons to have splashes of red and blue under their wings and have light yellow-tipped tails. They have a white eye-ring which brings out their eyes. Their iris color can range from a bright yellow to a deep red, although juveniles' eyes are gray until maturity. Red-crowned amazons usually have horn colored beaks and ceres but these can sometimes have black highlights. Their legs are beige or gray. They are approximately in length from the beak to the tip of the tail feathers with a wingspan of . Amazon parrots are not sexually dimorphic, so the only true way to know a parrot's sex is by genetic testing. Their average weight is .
Range
Their natural range is across the lowlands of northeastern Mexico, and possibly the southern tip of Texas. Red-crowned amazons are a resident (non-migratory) species in their native range, but they can wander outside of their breeding range to follow a food source. Feral birds have bred in urban communities of southern California, southern Florida and the island of Oahu in Hawaii.
On June 4, 2019, the Corpus Christi Ecological Services Field Office of the US Fish & Wildlife Service announced to the public that the USFWS considers the red-crowned parrot native to Texas in the Rio Grande Valley. However, because parrots were not mentioned in the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, birds in the Texas portion of their range are not entitled to USFWS protection, and must rely on enacted state and local laws. The USFWS estimated that there are roughly 700 wild red-crowned parrots in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas in 2019, and historical records place parrots in South Texas as early as 1885. The numbers of wild parrots in the United States now rivals populations in Mexico, due to their adaptation to urban life. However, the IUCN and other resources consider the bird to be non-native to all parts of the United States, including southern Texas. NatureServe considers the species to be "Imperiled" in Texas.
Feral parrots
Populations of feral parrots exist in cities such as the Los Angeles metropolitan area in California, US, especially the San Gabriel Valley. Populations also exist in the San Diego area. Captured birds there escaped and became part of the urban ecosystem, starting in about the 1960s. The California Parrot Project says that red-crowned amazons are among the thirteen species of parrots with naturalized populations in California, including six in the genus Amazona. Los Angeles has been called a sanctuary for this endangered species, with a population of around 3,000 that is estimated to meet or exceed the remaining wild population in Mexico. Area residents say that although the birds annoy with their loud calls, they also inspire local pride and identity.
Behavior
They gather in large flocks being noisiest in the morning and evening. The characteristic screeching heard of these birds usually occurs when they travel in a large flock to a new feeding area. Their diet consists of seeds, fruits, flowers and nectar. Red-crowned amazons nest in tree cavities, like most other parrots. Amazons are one of the easiest parrots to read the behavior of, as their eye color shows their pinning exceptionally well. Red-crowned amazons pin their eyes when they are excited, either positively or negatively, about something in their environment. It is easy to make out the dilations of the pupil against the bright iris. This pinning, combined with different behavioral signs, can let a fellow parrot or an owner know how the parrot is feeling. An angry parrot may fan its tail feathers while a content, affectionate parrot may purr, or bend their head down to be scratched.
Reproduction
Red-crowned amazon parrots reach sexual maturity at about five years old. It takes the female approximately 28 days to incubate her eggs, at an average of four eggs per clutch. Fledging begins at nine weeks old. In the wild, these parrots mate for life and find tree cavities near other members of their flock, creating a breeding group known as a colony. They will return to the same cavity every year to raise chicks unless that cavity was previously poached or they did not have reproductive success there for a different reason.
Aviculture
These parrots are often kept as pets and can be very affectionate and playful when given the attention they need from their owners. Although some are excellent talkers and copy voices, they are best at mimicking sounds that stand out to them, such as the microwave, telephone or other pets. Many owners report a streak of mischief due to their heightened curiosity. Red-crowned amazons can live 50+ years in captivity, with some extending over 70 years old if properly cared for.
Common challenges associated with owning this type of parrot includes being able to provide enough exercise for it and convincing it to eat a varied, healthy diet, close to the diet it would have in the wild. Amazons are known for becoming sedentary if not provided enough stimuli, and this can lead to health issues, such as obesity. These birds are not regarded as overly sensitive and are actually one of the hardier large species to own as a pet because common stressors for other companion parrot species are coped with better and neurotic behaviors due to stress or depression, such as feather plucking, are infrequent when compared to other species. Another challenge some owners face is the hormonal bluffing during the breeding season (spring) for adolescents that causes some parrots, especially males, to be more prone to nipping their owners, biting anyone who is not their favorite person and screaming. These hormonal outbursts decrease with age.
References
"National Geographic" Field Guide to the Birds of North America
Handbook of the Birds of the World Vol 4, Josep del Hoyo editor,
"National Audubon Society" The Sibley Guide to Birds, by David Allen Sibley,
red-crowned amazon
Birds of Mexico
Feral parrots
red-crowned amazon
red-crowned amazon
Species endangered by the pet trade
Veracruz moist forests
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-crowned%20amazon
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The Catholic Church in Afghanistan is part of the worldwide Catholic Church. Prior to August 2021, there were very few Catholics in this overwhelmingly Muslim country—just over 200 attend Mass in its only chapel—and freedom of religion has been difficult to obtain in recent times, especially under the new Taliban-led Afghan government.
Earlier Christians in Afghanistan were members of the historical Church of the East or the Armenian Apostolic Church, and there had been no sustained Catholic presence in Afghanistan until the 20th century. In 1921, the Italian embassy in Kabul was allowed to build the first and only legal Catholic chapel to serve foreigners working in the capital, but not open to local nationals. On 16 May 2002, Pope John Paul II established a mission sui iuris for Afghanistan with Giuseppe Moretti as its first superior, presently Giovanni M. Scalese. In 2004, the Missionaries of Charity arrived in Kabul to carry out humanitarian work. Following the 2021 Taliban offensive, the Catholic Church ceased to have a functioning presence in Afghanistan.
History
Before Afghan Independence
Legend from the apocryphal Acts of Thomas and other ancient documents suggests that Thomas the Apostle preached in Bactria, which is today northern Afghanistan. The Nestorians planted Christianity in the area, and there were historically nine bishops and dioceses in the region, including Herat (424-1310), Farah (544-1057), Kandahar, and Balkh. This early establishment of Christianity was overcome by the Muslim conquests in the 7th century, though the territory was not substantially controlled by Muslims until the 9th and 10th centuries. In 1581 and 1582 respectively, the Jesuits Antonio de Montserrat of Spain and Bento de Góis of Portugal were warmly welcomed by the Islamic Emperor Akbar, but there was no lasting Jesuit presence in the country.
20th century
The Kingdom of Italy was the first country to recognise the Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919. On January 1, 1933, Egidio Caspani inaugurated the provisional chapel. His appointment was a personal request of Pope Pius XI to the Barnabite Superior General. Caspani had been the Rector of the Barnabite Seminary in Rome. To accompany him on this journey one of his students was ordained and sent with him, not publicly as a priest, but as his Diplomatic Courier and assistant Chancellor at the Embassy. Thus Ernesto Cagnacci also began this new mission in Kabul. "At the time the Catholic residents numbered in the hundreds, the majority of them in the capital, members of embassies or contractors employed by the Government of Afghanistan; others were dispersed throughout the country and were generally technicians and specialized workers, that lent their skills to the construction of various public works that marked the progress of the country." In addition to his pastoral work, Caspani kept detailed notes of the politics, culture and geography of the land. These observations were later published in an Italian volume published in collaboration with Cagnacci entitled, "Afghanistan, crocevie dell'Asia". Over the years a number of Barnabites have served as chaplains. After Caspani there was: Giovanni M. Bernasconi, 1947–1957; Raffaele Nannetti, 1957–1965; and Angelo Panigati, 1965 - 1990.
Soviet invasion period and Taliban insurgency
Pope John Paul II called for a "just solution" to the Soviet–Afghan war in the 1980s. Giuseppe Moretti first came to Afghanistan in 1977, and stayed until he was shot when the Italian embassy was attacked in 1994 and was forced to leave the country. From 1990 to 1994 he was the only Catholic priest in the country. After 1994, only the Little Sisters of Jesus were allowed to remain in Afghanistan, as they had been there since 1955 and their work was well known. Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, Catholic Relief Services sent clothing, food and bedding to returning refugees and internally displaced persons. They also bought school supplies for children returning to school.
Post-Taliban
With the fall of the Taliban, Pope John Paul II requested that Moretti return to Afghanistan. The first Mass in 9 years was celebrated on January 27, 2002, for members of the International Security Force and various members of foreign agencies. On May 16, 2002, a mission sui iuris was created for all of Afghanistan. There is only one functioning chapel in the country, in the Italian Embassy in Kabul. Projects of the new mission include a "Peace School" for 500 students that began construction in August 2003 and will be to "European standards". Three religious sisters also work with those who have mental disabilities in the capital city, teaching those with cerebral palsy how to go to the toilet and how to eat on their own. The small community went through a period of crisis during the kidnapping on May 17, 2005, of Clementina Cantoni, a member of CARE International, by four gunmen in Kabul as she walked to her car. Sisters from the Missionaries of Charity had their house blessed on May 9, 2006, and have already started taking in street children. There had been fears that their distinctive blue and white habit would make them stand out and be harassed by Muslims, but their institute is generally respected. Jesuit Relief Services has also applied to join the growing number of religious institutes in the country. Jesuit Refugee Services has recently opened a technical school in Herat for 500 students including 120 girls.
There have been efforts made to start inter-religious dialogue; the Islamist head of the Afghan Supreme Court Fazul Shinwari attended the inauguration of the mission and expressed a desire to meet with the Pope.
The Catholic community in Afghanistan is mainly made of foreigners, especially aid workers, and no Afghans are known to be currently part of the Church, mainly due to great social and legal pressure not to convert to non-Islamic religions. Some Afghans have converted while overseas, but they keep it secret when they return. Two Christian groups, Church World Service and Norwegian Church Aid, were accused of proselytizing while doing aid work in Afghanistan, which they denied, and 1,000 Afghans protested in Mazar-i-Sharif and burned the pope in effigy. Despite this, the community has grown from only a few sisters to a full Sunday Mass of around 100. Church attendance dipped in 2012 due to security concerns and less emphasis on religion among the foreigners in Afghanistan in recent years.
Relations with the new democratic government of Afghanistan have been positive, such as Afghan President Hamid Karzai attending Pope John Paul II's funeral and congratulating Pope Benedict XVI on his election.
The papal nuncio to neighboring Pakistan visited Afghanistan in 2005 and held a Mass in the Italian Embassy Chapel to an overflowing crowd, and Catholic officials hope that official diplomatic ties and a public Catholic church will be possible in the future.
Taliban governance resumes
In the wake of the 2021 Taliban offensive, the Catholic community in Afghanistan ceased to exist. Father Giovanni Scalese, the head of the Mission sui iuris of Aghanistan, left the country with several Missionaries of Charity nuns and others who were under the nuns' care during the Taliban takeover. Several Jesuits and other religious were present in Kabul during the collapse of the Republic of Afghanistan, and there is little public information about whether any have remained in the country.
Mission sui iuris
The Mission sui iuris of Afghanistan (Latin: Missio sui juris Afghanistaniensis) is independent mission and a jurisdiction of the Catholic Church, immediately subject to the Holy See, covering the whole territory of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. It is a “particular church”— that is to say, a portion of the people of God – likened to a Diocese (Can. 368). By the law itself, it possesses juridical personality (Can. 373). It was established by the Holy See and entrusted to the care of the Order of Clerics Regular of Saint Paul – Barnabites (CRSP). It is presided by an Ecclesiastical Superior (Latin: Superior ecclesiasticus), who acts as the Local Ordinary (Can. 134 §2).
Foreign military
Members of foreign militaries (notably on NATO mission) are served by chaplains embedded within their units. In 2009, 17,000 soldiers from the United States stationed in eastern Afghanistan were served by 6 Catholic priests, including Catholic chaplains from other countries. Some bases had weekly Masses, while remote posts had Mass every 60 to 90 days.
See also
Catholic Church by country
Christianity in Afghanistan
Protestantism in Afghanistan
References
Sources and external links
GCatholic, with Google map and - satellite photo
Afghanistan–Italy relations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20Church%20in%20Afghanistan
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Clair-obscur () is a 2000 album by Françoise Hardy, released in France in May 2000 on LP and CD, Virgin France S.A. (7243 8 492031 9) and (7243 8 492032 6).
Track listing
"Puisque vous partez en voyage" (Mireille, Jean Nohain) duet with Jacques Dutronc
"Tous mes souvenirs me tuent (Tears)" (Stéphane Grappelli, Django Reinhardt, F. Hardy)
"Celui que tu veux" (Yonis Balmayer, Olivier Ngog) duet with Ol
"Clair-obscur" (Khalil Chahine, F. Hardy)
"Un Homme est mort" (José María Cano, F. Hardy)
"Duck's Blues" (Alain Lubrano, F. Hardy)
"I'll Be Seeing You" (Sammy Fain, Irving Kahal) duet with Iggy Pop
"Tu ressembles à tous ceux qui ont eu du chagrin" (F. Hardy)
"La Pleine lune" (Alain Lubrano, F. Hardy)
"So Sad (To Watch Good Love Go Bad)" (Don Everly) duet with Étienne Daho
"La Saison des pluies" (Christophe Rose, F. Hardy)
"Contre vents et marées" (Eric Clapton, F. Hardy)
"La Vérité des choses" (Alain Lubrano, F. Hardy)
Personnel
Françoise Hardy – vocals
Jean-Pierre Sabar – piano
Jean-Claude Dubois – orchestra director
Pierre-Alain Dahan – drums
Marc Perier – bass
Certifications and sales
References
Françoise Hardy albums
2000 albums
French-language albums
Virgin Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clair-obscur%20%28album%29
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Dino Seremet (born 16 August 1980) is a retired Slovenian footballer.
Career
Seremet also spent loan spells at Tranmere Rovers and Doncaster Rovers, while contracted to Luton Town While on loan to Tranmere, Seremet was their first-choice goalkeeper. He became notable when signing for Luton in July 2004, though Seremet failed to break into the first-team at the English side, making only 6 first-team appearances.
Seremet signed a two-year contract with AEL 1964 in July 2008. He managed to play only in 3 matches and in January 2011 he signed with Doxa Dramas. Although he had a very successful season with 31 appearances, the team was once more relegated from Superleague. In August 2012, he returned to AEL 1964 and signed a one-year contract till the end of the season.
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Slovenian men's footballers
Slovenian expatriate men's footballers
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Super League Greece players
NK Maribor players
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Men's association football goalkeepers
A.O. Kerkyra players
Athens Kallithea F.C. players
Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. players
PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv players
Doxa Drama F.C. players
Panthrakikos F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Bulgaria
Footballers from Ljubljana
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dino%20Seremet
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Legden (; Westphalian: Ledden) is a municipality in the district of Borken, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located between Ahaus and Coesfeld.
References
Borken (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legden
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Cuba Cola is a cola-flavoured soft drink produced in Sweden, bottled by Saturnus AB. It was introduced to the market in the summer of 1953 soon after cola drinks had become legal in Sweden, beating Coca-Cola by three months in Sweden.
The recipe is owned by Saturnus AB of Malmö and it is brewed on license by Vasa bryggeri, Hammars bryggeri, Heines bryggeri, Guttsta Källa and Krönleins.
References
External links
Cola brands
Swedish drinks
1953 establishments in Sweden
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba%20Cola
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland competed as Great Britain at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria.
British luger Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypecki was killed on the Olympic course two weeks before the games.
Medallists
Alpine skiing
Men
Men's slalom
Women
Biathlon
Men
1 Two minutes added per miss.
Bobsleigh
Nash and Dixon won the race after being loaned an axle bolt by the Italian bobsledder Eugenio Monti, who finished third but would be given the first De Coubertin Medal for sportsmanship.
Cross-country skiing
Men
Men's 4 × 10 km relay
Figure skating
Men
Women
Luge
British luger Kazimierz Kay-Skrzypecki was killed on the Olympic course two weeks before the games.
Men
Speed skating
Men
References
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
Olympic Winter Games 1964, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1964 Winter Olympics
1964 Winter Olympics
Winter Olympics
Winter sports in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Britain%20at%20the%201964%20Winter%20Olympics
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Banaz is a town in Uşak Province in the inner Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Banaz District. Its population is 16,807 (2022). The mayor is Zafer Arpacı (AKP). The town is situated on the main road from İzmir to Ankara, at a distance of to the province seat of Uşak.
There is a village in Banaz District that carries the same name of "Banaz", lying at a distance of 4 km from the town. This is where the ancient site of the locality, called Panasion and from which the name Banaz derives, was actually located.
References
Populated places in Banaz District
District municipalities in Turkey
Phrygia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banaz
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