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Nocturnal Symphony was the demo album that Gus G. recorded with his friends as a showcase for his talents to attract a record deal under the pseudonym of Firewind. However Firewind wasn't formed as a band until after Gus had toured and recorded with Dream Evil, Nightrage, and Mystic Prophecy almost four years later. The album has two unofficial covers which have proved to be the most recognisable, seeing as there are only 500 copies of the album and the original and official album cover.
Track listing
"Intro" – 0:37
"Down" – 4:22
"I'm Not Kind" – 4:44
"Promised Land" – 5:31
"Inside" – 6:09
"Beneath the Eclipsed Moon" (instrumental) – 3:17
"Lost Dream" – 6:30
"Distant Thoughts" – 5:15
"Speed of Terror" – 4:31
"Nocturnal Symphony" (instrumental) – 4:30
Personnel
Brandon Pender – vocals
Gus G. – guitars, bass
Matt Scurfield – drums
References
Firewind albums
1998 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnal%20Symphony |
West 57th can refer to:
West 57th Street (Manhattan) a street in New York City
West 57th (TV series), a news magazine program which aired on the CBS Television Network from 1985 to 1989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%2057th |
Renato Borghetti (born July 23, 1963 in Porto Alegre) is a Brazilian folk musician and composer.
Career
He works in many genres including traditional styles from his home state of Rio Grande do Sul, other styles of Brazilian music like samba, and international genres like jazz and European classical music. His main instrument is the diatonic button accordion (gaita). He won a Latin Grammy in 2005 for Best Brazilian Roots/Regional Album, for his album Gaita Ponto Com.
In 2009 he performed at the Womex festival.
Discography
1984 - Gaita Ponto - RNS Discos
1985 - Renato Borghetti - Som Livre
1987 - Renato Borghetti - RCA Victor
1988 - Esse tal de Borghettinho - RCA/BMG-Ariola
1989 - Renato Borghetti - Chantecler/Continental
1990 - O Melhor de Renato Borghetti - Som Livre
1991 - Borghetti - Continental
1992 - Pensa que Berimbau é Gaita? - RBS Discos
1993 - Renato Borghetti - RGE
1993 - Instrumental no CCBB (with Hermeto Paschoal) - RGE
1994 - Accordionist - Prestige Records
1995 - As 20 Melhores de Renato Borghetti - RGE
1996 - Gaúcho - RGE
1998 - Gauderiando - RGE
1999 - Ao Ritmo de Tio Bilia - RBS Discos/Som Livre
2001 - Paixão no Peito
2002 - Ao Vivo em Viena
2002 - Umberto Petrin & Renato Borghetti - Reunião
2002 - SESC São Paulo - A Música Brasileira Deste Século Por Seus Autores e Intérpretes
2005 - Gaitapontocom
2005 - Gaúchos (Quinton Recorde Viena)
2007 - Fandango
2011 - Andanças - Live in Brussels - Saphrane
2016 - Gaita na Fábrica - Sounds from the Squeezebox Factory - Saphrane
References
External links
1963 births
Brazilian composers
20th-century Brazilian male singers
20th-century Brazilian singers
Culture in Rio Grande do Sul
Living people
Musicians from Porto Alegre
21st-century Brazilian male singers
21st-century Brazilian singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renato%20Borghetti |
Willing and Abel is an Australian television comedy series which was made in 1987, about two handymen.
The main cast were Grant Dodwell as "Charles Willing", Shane Withington as "Abel Moore", and Rebecca Rigg as "Angela Reddy". Their names ("Reddy", "Willing" and "Abel") were a pun on the saying, “ready, willing and able".
It had problems in attaining an audience. The show was produced as a "comedy drama" however some at the Nine Network wanted to steer it to be a heavier drama. There was much discussion between production executives and the Network and not much agreement. One episode scripted by Ted Roberts dealt with a hostage situation at a bank, the pathos being reinforced by series characters caught up in the action.
The series dealt with contemporary issues in a subtle way, sometimes making observations through humour.
Cast
Grant Dodwell as Charles Willing
Shane Withington as Abel Moore
Rebecca Rigg as Angela Reddy
Simon Chilvers as Pisani
Martin Vaughan as "Just One" Moore
Tina Bursill as Margaret Hill
Mark Mitchell as Sergeant Dobson
Alan David Lee as Gary Conway
Susan Lyons
Judith McGrath
Melissa Jaffer
Lucius Borich
Deborah Kennedy
Maggie Dence
Simone Buchanan
Veronica Lang
Leslie Dayman
Justine Clarke
Sharon Millercamp
Broadcast
The series first aired in Australia on the Nine Network and years later went onto air in a number of other countries such as South Africa and Indonesia.
References
"The Australian Film and Television Companion" — compiled by Tony Harrison — Simon & Schuster Australia, 1994
External links
Nine Network original programming
1980s Australian comedy television series
1987 Australian television series debuts
1987 Australian television series endings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willing%20and%20Abel |
With Fear I Kiss the Burning Darkness is the second studio album by the Swedish death metal band At the Gates. It was re-released in 1993 with The Red in the Sky Is Ours and again in 2003 with bonus tracks. This would be the last album with guitarist Alf Svensson who left the band after its release.
Background information
Anders Björler, the guitarist, described With Fear I Kiss the Burning Darkness as At the Gates' "darkest album", and deemed the album's production as "heavier" than the group's previous work.
Tomas Lindberg, the vocalist, said of the album cover: "The cover [...] is probably my favorite. It is a piece of art made by Swedish author/artist/composer Åke Hodell. The piece is called 220 Volt Buddha. Åke approved for us to use it for free, after inquiring about the music of the band and our approach, as soon as he understood that we were a non-commercial act. He has composed several pieces of abstract music, written radio plays and novels. You could consider him a modernist along the lines of Vladimir Mayakovsky. It was an honour for me to work with him and I think the blue tone matches the abstract music on the album perfectly. Åke died in 2000. He is greatly missed."
Track listing
Personnel
At the Gates
Anders Björler − guitar
Jonas Björler − bass guitar
Adrian Erlandsson − drums
Alf Svensson − guitar
Tomas Lindberg − vocals
Additional personnel
Matti Kärki − vocals on "Ever-Opening Flower"
Åke Hodell − artwork
Noel Summerville − mastering
Eric Gunewall − photography
Tomas Skogsberg − production
Fred Estby, Lars Linden, Tomas Skogsberg − recording
References
At the Gates albums
1993 albums
Peaceville Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/With%20Fear%20I%20Kiss%20the%20Burning%20Darkness |
Jaakobah was one of the descendants of Simeon (I Chronicles 4:36). The name Jaakobath is a form of the name Jacob, literally meaning "heel-catcher", "Deceiver", and "Supplementer". It is also the name of the original form of life from George River's novel, "Return of Darkness".
References
Books of Chronicles people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaakobah |
Malvern is a village in the Santa Cruz Mountains in Jamaica's St. Elizabeth parish.
It is the site of Munro College (a boys' secondary school founded in 1856), Hampton School (a high school for girls founded in 1858), and Bethlehem Moravian College (a tertiary college founded in 1861).
References
Populated places in Saint Elizabeth Parish | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malvern%2C%20Jamaica |
David Calderhead (19 June 1864 – 9 January 1938) was a Scottish football player and manager. Calderhead played for Queen of the South Wanderers, Notts County and Lincoln City. He won the FA Cup with Notts County in 1894 and was capped once for Scotland, in 1889. He then became a manager, working for Lincoln City (1900–1907) and Chelsea (1907–1933).
Playing career
Calderhead was a centre half and played for various clubs, including Dumfries team Queen of the South Wanderers (not to be confused with Queen of the South, formed in 1919). He won one Scotland cap, in a 7–0 win against Ireland at the first Ibrox Park in the British Home Championship in March 1889; this attracted Notts County.
With Notts County he played in two FA Cup finals: the Blackburn Rovers side of Thomas Mitchell were 3–1 winners in 1891, but Calderhead got his hands on the trophy in 1894 after a 4–1 victory over Bolton Wanderers.
Management career
He then moved into management, taking over at Lincoln City in 1900. In leading his side to a shock replayed win over Chelsea in the first round of 1906–07 FA Cup, he impressed the west London club's board enough for them to appoint him manager later that year. Norrie Fairgray made the same move in the same year to play for Calderhead at both clubs.
Calderhead was Chelsea's first full-time secretary-manager and spent almost 26 years at the club, making him the club's longest-serving manager. Chelsea were relegated in 1909–10 and promoted back to the First Division in 1911–12. Calderhead took Chelsea to their first FA Cup final, in 1915, but in a match overshadowed by the First World War they were beaten by Sheffield United 0–3 at Old Trafford. During the war, Chelsea won the unofficial London Combination twice, as well as the War Fund Cup.
The 1919–20 season was Chelsea's most successful under Calderhead, finishing 3rd in the First Division and reaching the FA Cup semi-finals, where they lost to Aston Villa. The club were relegated again in 1923–24 and, after a succession of near-misses, the side of Willie Ferguson, Tommy Law and Andy Wilson were promoted again in 1929–30. 1931–32 brought a further FA Cup semi final. Tommy Lang inspired Newcastle to a 2-goal lead and despite Gallacher pulling a goal back, Newcastle progressed to the final.
Calderhead was notoriously shy of the media, earning the nickname "The Sphinx of Stamford Bridge". Nevertheless, The Times described him as "one of the managers who started the fashion of paying huge transfer fees and was responsible for bringing many celebrated players to Stamford Bridge, including [Hughie] Gallacher and [Alex] Jackson." Gallacher, Jackson and Alec Cheyne were purchased for a combined £30,000 in the summer of 1930. In March 1910, in an (unsuccessful) bid to stave off relegation, Calderhead's Chelsea spent the then-considerable sum of £3000 on new players. Despite the big spending on glamorous players, the club failed to win a major trophy during Calderhead's tenure.
Calderhead holds the record at Chelsea for managing games – 966. He left the job in June 1933 to be replaced by Leslie Knighton. Calderhead died five years after leaving Chelsea in London at the age of 73.
His son, also called David, played for Chelsea while his father was manager and later took charge of Lincoln City.
Honours
Player
Notts County
FA Cup
Winner: 1894
Runner-up: 1891
Manager
Chelsea
FA Cup runner up : 1915
References
1864 births
1938 deaths
Footballers from East Ayrshire
Notts County F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. managers
Chelsea F.C. managers
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish football managers
Scotland men's international footballers
English Football League representative players
Men's association football central defenders
English Football League players
Queen of the South Wanderers F.C. players
People from Hurlford | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Calderhead |
Williamsville East High School is one of the three high schools located in the Williamsville Central School District in Williamsville, New York. The other two high schools in the district are Williamsville North High School and Williamsville South High School. For the 2016–2017 school year, 1,030 students were enrolled in the school, about the same as the 2004–2005 school year, where 1,048 students were enrolled.
Curriculum
Williamsville East has a wide range of Advanced Placement courses in many areas of study. All students are required to take the New York State Regents exams as required by the state for graduation. Williamsville East offers two different New York State certified diplomas: The Regents diploma and the Advanced Regents Diploma. The Advanced Regents diploma has more requirements in the math and sciences than the Regents diploma. Williamsville East has a Foreign Language requirement, which all students must fulfill by passing the regents exam in that language, usually in the end of their sophomore or junior years. Advanced Placement, Honors, and Regents courses are available in English, Social Studies, Natural Sciences, Foreign Language, and Mathematics. East offers three foreign languages for study; French, Spanish, and Latin.
Music
The Rockefeller Philanthropy Advisors donated a $70,000 grant to assist the Williamsville Poetry Music Dance Celebration, begun at Williamsville East in 2000 by band director Dr. Stephen Shewan and English teacher Mr. John Kryder.
Athletics
The Men's Ice Hockey team in 2003 won the school's only State Championship to date against Salmon River. The game was won with an overtime goal at the Utica Auditorium in Utica, NY.
Established in 1990, East's hockey team went on to win their first state championship in 2004 as part of the New York State Public High School Athletic Association League for hockey.
During the 2006 season, the Girls Varsity Soccer Team won the Section VI Class A title, and were ranked as high as 6th nationally. They have won 3 sectional championships and one Far West Regional Championship. The undefeated 2009 team was upset in the Regional playoff game.
On November 6, 1985 the men's gymnastics team set the New York State Public High School Athletic Association Men's Gymnastics Team competition record, scoring 158.4 points. The record stood unbroken for the entirety of New York State high school men's gymnastics history. In 1985 the Williamsville East Men's Gymnastics also set another record, 99 wins and 0 losses. East was one of four schools left in New York with a men's team. Their team finished its 2014 season with a shared sectional title with Williamsville South High School and a 12–0 record before the sport left all high schools in the state.
The Women's Swim Team has been undefeated and Division II Champions for 8 years in a row.
In the 2010–2011 Season, the Williamsville East Flames Varsity Hockey team was the first team in school history to win the Federation League championship at HSBC Arena, beating Kenmore East 2–1. They went on to win a state regional game against Webster Thomas High school, and continued on to the state final four where they advanced to the State championship by beating Pelham in overtime, but lost 6–2 in the State Championship to Cazenovia.
The first ever Williamsville Women's Varsity Ice Hockey team won the 2010–2011 Inaugural Western New York Women's Ice Hockey Federation Championship over OP/Frontier, 6–0.
Anti-Muslim bullying incident
In March 2016, the school came under fire for a racially charged Islamophobic bullying incident.
Notable alumni
Kazim Ali (1989), poet
Daniel Lewis Foote, diplomat
Seth Godin (1978), New York Times bestselling author, entrepreneur
Todd Marchant, NHL hockey player
Greg Papa (1980), Professional Sportscaster. Indiana Pacers, Golden State Warriors, San Antonio Spurs, Oakland A's, Oakland Raiders
John Stevens IV, a finalist on American Idol in Season 3
Ryan Schmelzer, professional ice hockey player
Siva Vaidhyanathan (1984), media historian
Joe Mack (2021), Miami Marlins 2021 MLB 1st round Pick 31
References
External links
WITS
Official website:
Public high schools in New York (state)
Schools in Erie County, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsville%20East%20High%20School |
Navelwort is a common name for two different plant genera:-
Omphalodes
Umbilicus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navelwort |
Between Heaven and Hell is Firewind's first album released in 2002 through Massacre Records in Europe, Leviathan Records in the US, EMI in Japan and Rock Brigade in South America. There were 3 different versions of the cover art, European, Japanese and American.
The album was re-released on 10 October 2007 with the European artwork originally designed by Kristian Wåhlin and with 2 bonus demo tracks.
Track listing
"Between Heaven and Hell" – 4:51
"Warrior" – 4:44
"World of Conflict" – 4:04
"Destination Forever" – 3:44
"Oceans" (Instrumental) – 1:49
"Tomorrow Can Wait" – 5:39
"Pictured Life" – 3:36
"Firewind Raging" – 4:26
"I Will Fight Alone" – 5:09
"Northern Sky" – 4:50
"Fire" – 4:38
"Who Am I?" – 5:18
"End of an Era" – 1:52
"Fire" – 4:30 (re-release bonus track)
"Destination Forever" – 3:28
Personnel
Band members
Stephen Fredrick – vocals
Gus G. – guitars, keyboards
Konstantine – bass
Brian Harris – drums
References
Firewind albums
2002 debut albums
Massacre Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Between%20Heaven%20and%20Hell%20%28album%29 |
Renato Janine Ribeiro is a Brazilian full professor of ethics and political philosophy at the University of São Paulo. As of April 6, 2015, he was named Minister of Education of Brazil in the cabinet of Dilma Rousseff.
References
|-
1949 births
Living people
People from Araçatuba
Brazilian philosophers
Academic staff of the University of São Paulo
Commanders of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)
Hobbes scholars
Education Ministers of Brazil | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renato%20Janine%20Ribeiro |
The Isle of Man Office of Fair Trading () is an independent Statutory Board of the Isle of Man Government. The purpose of the office is to enforce criminal consumer protection legislation and advice on civil consumer legislation however the office cannot enforce civil legislation. Such legislation provides consumers with certain rights when purchasing goods and services and these rights can ultimately only be enforced by the consumer through the Courts. Unsatisfactory goods and services, breaches of contracts for goods and services are examples of matters covered by civil legislation.
Chairmen
Martyn Perkins, 2016-
David Quirk, 2011-2016
Robert Henderson, 2008-2011
Quintin Gill MHK, 2004-2008
John Houghton MHK, 1999-2004
Pamela Crowe MLC, 1997-2002
References
External links
http://www.gov.im/oft/
Government of the Isle of Man
Economy of the Isle of Man
Law of the Isle of Man
Consumer organisations in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle%20of%20Man%20Office%20of%20Fair%20Trading |
Rafferty's Rules is an Australian television drama series which ran from 1987 to 1991 on the Seven Network.
The producers of the series were Posie Graeme-Evans (1987–1988), and Denis Phelen. The directors were Graham Thorburn, Mike Smith and Russell Webb. The writers were David Allen, John Upton, Tim Gooding and David Marsh.
Rafferty's Rules was one of the first programs undertaken by the Seven Network's then new in-house drama unit, going into production in May 1985 as "a 15-part courtroom drama". The program had started out as a pilot episode, recorded in early 1984 with the actor Chris Haywood in the lead role. When the pilot episode was remounted later in 1984, Chris Haywood wasn't available and the lead role was re-cast to John Wood. This second recording was eventually broadcast as the program's first episode. Initially it was hoped that the program would make its debut during the 1985 ratings season and there was an option to extend the series to 26 episodes if the initial response was positive.
By mid-1986, the media was asking questions as to why the series, "which had more pilots than TAA", had yet to appear. On Sunday 15 June 1986, The Sun-Herald TV Guide said, "The series was made last year and scripting of a new series has almost been completed".
Rafferty's Rules eventually debuted on the Seven Network in February 1987.
The series was also shown in New Zealand on TV3 in 1989, and in the UK on Satellite channel Lifestyle in 1991. In New Zealand, it was shown Fridays at 9:30pm. In the UK, it was shown daily at 14:00.
In Australia, the series was last replayed nationally at 3pm weekdays in 2006 on the Seven Network, although not entirely. Prior to that, Seven broadcast the series at the 10-11am weekday timeslot in the late 1990s. More recently, the series was available on the 7plus "on-demand" service.
Awards
John Wood received the Logie Award for Most Outstanding Actor in both 1988 and 1989, and Catherine Wilkin received the Logie Award for Most Outstanding Actress in 1988.
Rafferty's Rules was named Best Drama Series at the 1988 Penguin Awards, while Peter Carroll won Best Actor in a Series and Michael Cove won Best Scriptwriter for Drama Series.
Plot
Michael Aloysius Rafferty, who is a stipendiary magistrate, drives to work in an old blue VW Kombi van. He owns a cat named Rhubarb.
Rafferty is separated from his wife, with whom he had two children (a son and a daughter).
Rafferty also has an older daughter, Rebecca Browning, who is in her early twenties — and of whose existence he was unaware until she contacted him after she had grown up. (Rebecca's mother is a woman who Michael Rafferty had known before he met his wife, and who he had not seen since his marriage.)
Rafferty also has a brother, Patrick Rafferty, who is a state Member of Parliament.
Cast
Main/regular
John Wood as Michael Rafferty, S.M.
Simon Chilvers as Sgt. Julian Flicker, Police Prosecutor
Arky Michael as Fulvio Frangellomini, Court Clerk
Terry Serio as Bomber Clayton, Police Prosecutor
Andrew McFarlane as Sgt. Gibson, Police Prosecutor
Catherine Wilkin as Paulyne Gray, Public Defender
Katy Brinson as Lisa Blake, Public Defender
Lisa Crittenden as Sandra Frangellomini
Guest stars
Patrick Phillips as Young Solicitor
Alan Lovell as Police Constable Evans
Rebecca Rigg as Rebecca Browning (Michael Rafferty's elder daughter)
Paul Chubb as Patrick Rafferty (a Member of Parliament, he is Michael Rafferty's brother)
Ernie Dingo as Wayne Williams
Alwyn Kurts as George Bradstock
Peter Hayes as Peter Booth
Peter Greenwood as Football thug
Jon English (Season 2, Episode 2) as David Anson
Geoff Morrell (Season 4, Episode 9) as Alan Tillaman
Peter Kowitz as Bernie Manders
Penne Hackforth-Jones as Sinclair / Danielle
Ted Hamilton
Series location
The series is based at a Magistrates' Court in Manly (a Sydney beachside suburb), over which Rafferty presided.
References
External links
1987 Australian television series debuts
1991 Australian television series endings
1980s Australian drama television series
Australian legal television series
Television shows set in New South Wales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafferty%27s%20Rules |
The Financial Supervision Commission (FSC) () was the financial regulator of the Isle of Man.
The commission was established in 1983. The Chairman was previously a Member of Tynwald until legislation forbade this in 2004.
In 2015, the FSC merged with the Insurance and Pensions Authority (IPA) to form the Financial Services Authority (IOMFSA).
Chairpersons
FSC
Col Edgar Mann, 1983-1985
David Cannan MHK, 1986-1989
Donald Gelling, 1989-1996
Walter Gilbey, 1996-1999
Phil Braidwood MHK, 1999-2001
Alan Crowe MLC, 2001-2003
Rosemary Penn, 2004-2012
Geoff Karran, 2012-2015
IOMFSA
Geoff Karran, 2015-2018
Lillian Boyle, since 2018
References
External links
Economy of the Isle of Man
Government of the Isle of Man
Isle of Man | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial%20Supervision%20Commission |
Statistics in basketball are kept to evaluate a player's or a team's performance.
Examples
Examples of basketball statistics include:
GM, GP; GS: games played; games started
PTS: points
FGM, FGA, FG%: field goals made, attempted and percentage
FTM, FTA, FT%: free throws made, attempted and percentage
3FGM, 3FGA, 3FG%: three-point field goals made, attempted and percentage
REB, OREB, DREB: rebounds, offensive rebounds, defensive rebounds
AST: assists
STL: steals
BLK: blocks
TO: turnovers
TD: triple double
EFF: efficiency: NBA's efficiency rating: (PTS + REB + AST + STL + BLK − ((FGA − FGM) + (FTA − FTM) + TO))
PF: personal fouls
MIN: minutes
AST/TO: assist to turnover ratio
PER: Player Efficiency Rating: John Hollinger's Player Efficiency Rating
PIR: Performance Index Rating: Euroleague's and Eurocup's Performance Index Rating: (Points + Rebounds + Assists + Steals + Blocks + Fouls Drawn) − (Missed Field Goals + Missed Free Throws + Turnovers + Shots Rejected + Fouls Committed)
Averages per game are denoted by *PG (e.g. BLKPG or BPG, STPG or SPG, APG, RPG and MPG). Sometime the players statistics are divided by minutes played and multiplied by 48 minutes (had he played the entire game), denoted by * per 48 min. or *48M.
A player who makes double digits in a game in any two of the PTS, REB, AST, STL, and BLK statistics is said to make a double double; in three statistics, a triple double; in four statistics, a quadruple double. A quadruple double is extremely rare (and has only occurred four times in the NBA). There is also a 5x5, when a player records at least a 5 in each of the 5 statistics.
The NBA also posts to the statistics section of its Web site a simple composite efficiency statistic, denoted EFF and derived by the formula, ((Points + Rebounds + Assists + Steals + Blocks) − ((Field Goals Attempted − Field Goals Made) + (Free Throws Attempted − Free Throws Made) + Turnovers)). While conveniently distilling most of a player's key statistics in one numerical score, the formula is not highly regarded by the statistics community, with the alternative Player Efficiency Rating developed by ESPN basketball statistician John Hollinger being more widely used to compare the overall efficiency of players.
Tempo-free statistics
Examples of tempo-free statistics including the following
Pace: Possessions per game (typically ranges from 60 to 75)
PPP: Points per possession, the points a team score for each possession regardless of a team's pace
TO%: Turnover percentage, the measure of how often a team loses possession of the ball before creating a scoring opportunity
Fantasy leagues
In fantasy basketball, statistics are used in a formula as the measurement of a player's performance.
See also
Player Efficiency Rating
Efficiency (basketball)
Similarity score
Advanced statistics in basketball
References
External links
Land of Basketball NBA statistics
NBA & pro Basketball statistics
Proballers.com
Basketball-Reference.com
Statistics at NBA.com
A Layman's Guide to Advanced NBA Statistics at knickerblogger.net
NBA stats at Yahoo!
Statistics-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball%20statistics |
Sam D’Allesandro (born Richard Anderson) (April 3, 1956 – February 3, 1988) was an American writer and poet. He studied at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and came to San Francisco as a young man in the early 1980s and published a book of elegant lyrics, Slippery Sins.
D'Allesandro was a member of the so-called "New Narrative" writers, which included Robert Glück, Bruce Boone, Steve Abbott and others. He reached out to other like-minded writers and contacted Dennis Cooper, Kathy Acker, Benjamin Weissman, David Trinidad, and Dodie Bellamy. With Bellamy he began an epistolary collaboration she was later to publish as Real: The Letters of Mina Harker and Sam D’Allesandro. A gay man, D'Allesandro died of AIDS in 1988, aged 31, leaving behind a body of work that ranges across various genre identities, from stories of one paragraph to fully developed novellas. He is also the author of The Wild Creatures, which was published posthumously in 2005, edited by Bellamy's husband Kevin Killian. He is mentioned in Fairyland, A Memoir of My Father, by Alysia Abbott.
References
External links
Review of "The Wild Creatures".
Kevin Killian reads D'Allesandro's story "Nothing Ever Just Disappears".
"Bringing Back Sam," Bay Area Reporter
1956 births
1988 deaths
University of California, Santa Cruz alumni
AIDS-related deaths in California
American gay writers
American LGBT poets
20th-century American poets
American male poets
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American LGBT people
Gay poets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20D%27Allesandro |
Shallon may refer to:
Gaultheria shallon - an evergreen shrub in the heather family (Ericaceae), known as salal or shallon.
David Shallon (1950-2000) - Israeli conductor.
Shallon Olsen (born 2000) - Canadian artistic gymnast. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shallon |
Notre Dame Catholic High School in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, was established in the 1850s by the Sisters of Notre Dame, a religious order. It was, for many decades, a fee paying school. It currently has 1400 students, with a 1:17.3 Teacher: Student ratio.
Admissions
The school has a Catholic ethos and caters for children from all over the city and further afield. The school is co-educational, and has students aged 11–18.
History
The sisters of Notre Dame set up the school in 1855 in central Sheffield, moving to a site on Cavendish Street in 1862.
In 1919, the Sisters moved their living quarters from Cavendish Street to Oakbrook House, a Victorian mansion in Ranmoor built in 1860 for Mark Firth, a steel manufacturer who became Lord Mayor of Sheffield and Master Cutler.
In 1935, another secondary school was built in the grounds of Oakbrook House; in 1948 the two schools amalgamated to form a girls' grammar school, Notre Dame High School for Girls, on two sites.
The grammar school was converted in 1976 to a mixed comprehensive, still on two sites. The school finally consolidated onto the Oakbrook site in 1988 when the Cavendish site was closed and subsequently demolished.
Oakbrook House is now the school's Sixth Form block and has been a listed building since 1973. The main school building is a 1930s building with many architectural features including a main hall, known as the salle, with a high vaulted ceiling. As the school has expanded, other buildings have been built that complement the architecture of the site, making use of local sandstone or red pantiles depending where the building fits in. The Hallam City Learning Centre on the site has modern architectural merit and receives a mention in the Pevsner guide to the architecture of Sheffield.
The school became an academy in August 2012.
Achievements
OFSTED described the school as outstanding in every way in 2005 and 2008.
School Specialism
It has been a Specialist Technology College since 1995 and was awarded a second specialism in 2005 in Humanities and a third as a Leading Edge school supporting a partnership of other schools. The Leading Edge specialism also includes a sub-specialism on sharing good practice with others around issues of educating able, gifted and talented pupils.
Awards
ICT has been a prime focus of the school; winning the 2009 Becta Excellence ICT Award for the best whole school in Yorkshire and the Humber and other awards including a national award at the Specialist Schools and Academies Conference in 2005 and again in 2007 in recognition of this work. A new environmental learning centre website has been set up and an eco-classroom has been built by the on site Hallam CLC in the school woodland area which makes use of the latest technology to enhance learning and set an example for sustainable buildings as part of the approach to the sustainable schools strategy.
Academic
The GCSE (A*–C) rate in 2009 was the strongest in school's history with the 80% barrier of the number of pupils gaining 5 good GCSE being broken for the first time. The figure including English and maths was well above average for Sheffield with 70% of 5th Year (Y11) pupils attaining these grades, compared with Sheffield's average of 39.9%. It was the second highest for Sheffield in the state sector, with Silverdale School in Sheffield being the highest. In 2007, there were 280 in the sixth form, 111 of whom took A-levels, with an average point score of 84.70, compared with the average of 79.9 in England overall.
Houses
The school has four houses: Picardy, Compiègne, St Julie, Cuvilly, all having roots in places associated with St Julie Billart, the founder of the Order of Notre Dame. There are two school inter-house competitions, the sports day and the house cup, with the latter measuring academic ability and effort of house. The houses are balanced equally, with two forms from each year.
Ethos and traditions
The school's Catholic ethos offers many opportunities for pupils and staff to work together to prepare for pastoral occasions, for example, the whole school Mass at the end of the year, and for the 5th year leavers' mass during May.
Charities
The school contributes mainly to Christian charitable work and the internal charity FOND (Friends of Notre Dame).
Notre Dame Virtual School
The school collaborates with Notre Dame schools all over the world through the Global Virtual Learning Environment 'Notre Dame Virtual School' (NDVS).
Alumni
Notre Dame High School for Girls
Prof Sheila Hollins, Baroness Hollins, Professor of Psychiatry at St George's, University of London since 1990, President of the Royal College of Psychiatrists from 2005 to 2008
Judy Parfitt, actress
Notre Dame High School
Joe Carnall, former lead singer of Milburn (band)
Jackie Doyle-Price, Conservative MP for Thurrock
Alex Kiwomya, footballer currently signed to Stafford Rangers
Chris McClure, lead vocalist of The Violet May, and whose image is the cover art of the Arctic Monkeys' album Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not
Jon McClure and Ed Cosens, singer and bassist respectively with Reverend and The Makers
Johnny Nelson, boxer
George Hirst, footballer currently signed to Ipswich Town
References
External links
School web site
OFSTED page for Notre Dame
2007 GCSE results for Sheffield LEA
2007 A-level results for Sheffield LEA
Catholic secondary schools in the Diocese of Hallam
Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur schools
Defunct grammar schools in England
Grade II listed buildings in Sheffield
Grade II listed educational buildings
Secondary schools in Sheffield
Educational institutions established in 1855
1855 establishments in England
Academies in Sheffield | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre%20Dame%20High%20School%2C%20Sheffield |
The Isle of Man Post Office (), which formerly used the trading name Isle of Man Post, operates postal collection, ancillary mail services, philatelic goods and delivery services and post office counter services on the Isle of Man.
History
The Isle of Man's postal service was originally operated by the United Kingdom's General Post Office, with a daily postal connection with the UK since 1879. In 1966 the UK Government commenced planning to convert the General Post Office into a public corporation, and as part of this process offered each of the Crown Dependencies the opportunity to assume control of the operations of the GPO on their territories. On 18 October 1968, Tynwald decided that they did not wish to take up the offer, but provision was made in the Post Office Act 1969 nonetheless.
In the Channel Islands, the authorities did accept the offer, and postal activities of the GPO were transferred in October 1969 to form Jersey Post and Guernsey Post. The GPO had not provided any telecommunications services in the Channel Islands since the 1920s.
In 1972, following negotiations by Tynwald with the GPO to leave the Island's telephone system, it was agreed that the Isle of Man would, after all, take over control of the insular postal administration. As a result, the Isle of Man Post Office Authority was formed and took over the postal assets and functions of the Post Office on 5 July 1973. The monies paid for the assets of the Post Office, £148,624, were recouped within the first year from the surpluses generated by the Authority. It was reconstituted as a Statutory Board and renamed the 'Isle of Man Post Office' under the Post Office Act 1993.
Telecommunications
Telecommunications remained the responsibility of the British Post Office until 1981, when British Telecom was created. In 1987, telecommunications were transferred to the local company Manx Telecom, which was initially a wholly owned subsidiary of BT, but became a subsidiary of O2.
Stamps
Stamps marked with the name of the Isle of Man were first issued in 1971; the first issue was a variant of the 'Machin' design. Since 1973 only Manx stamps have been valid on the island, and Manx stamps are not valid for postage in the UK or elsewhere. Isle of Man stamps have since become popular with philatelists.
Postal rates
When sending mail to the Island from elsewhere, the Isle of Man is treated as though it were part of the United Kingdom, and mail from the UK continues to be charged at Royal Mail's UK inland rates. However, postcodes were not introduced in the Isle of Man until 1993, when the Island was postcoded as the IM postcode area as an extension of the United Kingdom postcode system.
Mail sent from the Island to the UK is flown across the Irish Sea, and enters the first-class stream of the Royal Mail for next-day delivery.
The Isle of Man Post Office is a member of the Small European Postal Administration Cooperation.
Post Offices
The Isle of Man Post Office has Crown offices at Douglas and Ramsey. There are also post offices in the other principal towns of Peel and Castletown, as well as a number of sub post offices in smaller communities.
Chairs
Charles Faragher, 1984–1986
Bernie May, 1986–1988
Norman Butler, 1988–1991
David Cretney, 1992–1996
Alex Downie, 1997–1999
John Shimmin, 1999–2003
Edgar Quine, 2003–2004
Pamela Crowe MLC, 2004–08
Alan Crowe MLC, 2008–2011
Geoff Corkish MHK, 2011–2014
Graham Cregeen MHK, 2014–2016
Julie Edge MHK, 2017–2022
Chris Thomas MHK, 2022-2022
Stu Peters MHK, 2022-present
See also
Communications on the Isle of Man
Country definitives
Postage stamps and postal history of the Isle of Man
References
External links
Companies of the Isle of Man
Communications in the Isle of Man
Postal organizations
Postal system of the United Kingdom
1973 establishments in the Isle of Man
Members of the Small European Postal Administration Cooperation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isle%20of%20Man%20Post%20Office |
The Communications and Utilities Regulatory Authority () is a statutory board responsible for the regulation of telecommunications and broadcasting in the Isle of Man, and since 2020, certain responsibilities in relation to the gas market.
Ofcom in the United Kingdom is responsible for the regulation of frequency allocation.
The Authority was established as the Communications Commission () under the Communications Commission Order 1989. Since 2001 the Minister for Home Affairs has been chairman of the Commission ex officio.
See also
Communications on the Isle of Man
References
External links
Communications and Utilities Regulatory Authority (CURA)
Communications in the Isle of Man
Government of the Isle of Man
1989 establishments in the Isle of Man
Organizations established in 1989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications%20and%20Utilities%20Regulatory%20Authority |
The Winnipeg Velodrome was a cycling facility built in Winnipeg, Manitoba for the 1967 Pan-American Games and managed by Winnipeg Enterprises. The facility was a banked short-track oval with a cement surface. The velodrome was located near the Winnipeg Arena and Winnipeg Stadium. Notable athletes to compete here include Jocelyn Lovell.
The infield was large enough to accommodate a Canadian football-sized field, and indeed, the Velodrome was an important venue for high-school football in the city. It was planned as a facility that could relieve the larger Winnipeg Stadium from the duty of hosting amateur football, which was taking a serious toll on the grass field and making it unsuitable for professional play. Following the installation of artificial turf at Winnipeg Stadium in 1987, amateur teams resumed playing in the larger facility and football activity at the Velodrome declined sharply. Starting in 1994, the Velodrome was occasionally used as a practice facility by the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League on days when the Winnipeg Goldeyes were using the Stadium.
By the 1990s, the facility had become functionally obsolete for competitive cycling, and its use by cyclists had all but ceased. In light of the facility's deterioration, a decision was made to build a temporary velodrome for the 1999 Pan-American Games at the Red River Exhibition Park. The Winnipeg Velodrome was demolished in 1998 and the site is now occupied by retail stores. The temporary facility built to replace the Winnipeg Velodrome was itself disassembled and sold to a group in the Netherlands shortly after the 1999 Pan-American Games, leaving Manitoba without a velodrome facility.
See also
List of cycling tracks and velodromes
References
External links
Aerial photograph of the Winnipeg Velodrome in 1967
Sports venues in Winnipeg
Velodromes in Canada
Defunct sports venues in Canada
1967 establishments in Manitoba
Sports venues completed in 1967
1998 disestablishments in Manitoba
Sports venues demolished in 1998 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winnipeg%20Velodrome |
Renato Caccioppoli (; 20 January 1904 – 8 May 1959) was an Italian mathematician, known for his contributions to mathematical analysis, including the theory of functions of several complex variables, functional analysis, measure theory.
Life and career
Born in Naples, he was the son of Giuseppe Caccioppoli (1852–1947), a surgeon, and his second wife Sofia Bakunin (1870–1956), daughter of the Russian revolutionary Mikhail Bakunin. After earning his high-school diploma in 1921, he enrolled in the Department of engineering to swap to mathematics in November 1923. Immediately after earning his laurea in 1925, he became the assistant of Mauro Picone, who in that year was called to the University of Naples, where he remained until 1932. Picone immediately discovered Caccioppoli's brilliance and pointed him towards research in mathematical analysis. During the following five years, Caccioppoli published about 30 works on topics developed in the complete autonomy provided by a ministerial award for mathematics in 1931, a competition he won at the age of 27 and the chair of algebraic analysis at the University of Padova. In 1934 he returned to Naples to accept the chair in group theory; later he took the chair of superior analysis, and from 1943 onwards, the chair in mathematical analysis.
In 1931 he became a correspondent member of the Academy of Physical and Mathematical Sciences of Naples, becoming an ordinary member in 1938. In 1944 he became an ordinary member of the Accademia Pontaniana, and in 1947 a correspondent member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, and a national member in 1958. He was also a correspondent member of the Paduan Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts. In the years from 1947 to 1957, he directed, together with Carlo Miranda, the journal Giornale di Matematiche, founded by Giuseppe Battaglini. In 1948 he became a member of the editing committee of Annali di Matematica, and starting in 1952 he was also a member of the editing committee of Ricerche di Matematica. In 1953 the Academia dei Lincei bestowed on him the national prize of physical, mathematical, and natural sciences.
He was an excellent pianist, noted as well for his nonconformist temperament. He tried out the vagrant life, and was arrested for begging. In May 1938 he gave a speech against Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini, when the latter was visiting Naples. Together with his companion Sara Mancuso, he had the French national anthem played by an orchestra, after which he began to speak against fascism and Nazism in the presence of OVRA agents. He was again arrested, but his aunt, Maria Bakunin, who at the time was a professor of chemistry at the University of Naples, succeeded in having him released by convincing the authorities that her nephew was non compos mentis. Thus Caccioppoli was interned, but he continued his studies in mathematics, and playing the piano.
In his last years, the disappointments of politics and his wife's desertion, together perhaps with the weakening of his mathematical vein, pushed him into alcoholism. His growing instability had sharpened his "strangenesses", to the point that the news of his suicide on May 8, 1959, by a headshot did not surprise those who knew him. He died at his home in Palazzo Cellamare.
Work
His most important works, out of a total of around eighty publications, relate to functional analysis and the calculus of variations. Beginning in 1930 he dedicated himself to the study of differential equations, the first to use a topological-functional approach. Proceeding in this way, in 1931 he extended the Brouwer fixed point theorem, applying the results obtained both from ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations.
In 1932 he introduced the general concept of inversion of functional correspondence, showing that a transformation between two Banach spaces is invertible only if it is locally invertible and if the only convergent sequences are the compact ones.
Between 1933 and 1938 he applied his results to elliptic equations, establishing the majorizing limits for their solutions, generalizing the two-dimensional case of Felix Bernstein. At the same time he studied analytic functions of several complex variables, that is, analytic functions whose domain belongs to the vector space , proving in 1933 the fundamental theorem on normal families of such functions: if a family is normal with respect to every complex variable, it is also normal with respect to the set of the variables. He also proved a logarithmic residue formula for functions of two complex variables in 1949.
In 1935 Caccioppoli proved the analyticity of class solutions of elliptic equations with analytic coefficients.
The year 1952 saw the publication of his masterwork on the area of a surface and measure theory, the article Measure and integration of dimensionally oriented sets (Misura e integrazione degli insiemi dimensionalmente orientati, Rendiconti dell'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, s. VIII, v.12). The article is mainly concerned with the theory of dimensionally oriented sets; that is, an interpretation of surfaces as oriented boundaries of sets in space. Also in this paper, the family of sets approximable by polygonal domains of finite perimeter, known today as Caccioppoli sets or sets of finite perimeter, was introduced and studied.
His last works, produced between 1952 and 1953, deal with a class of pseudoanalytic functions, introduced by him to extend certain properties of analytic functions.
Legacy
In 1992 his tormented personality inspired the plot of a film directed by Mario Martone, The Death of a Neapolitan Mathematician (Morte di un matematico napoletano), in which he was portrayed by Carlo Cecchi.
An asteroid, 9934 Caccioppoli, has been named after him.
Selected publications
(Volume 1) AND (Volume 2). His "Selected works", a selection from Caccioppoli's scientific works with a biography and a commentary.
See also
Contraction principle
Caccioppoli set
Weyl's inequality
References
Biographical and general references
This article is based largely on material from the equivalent article on Italian Wikipedia, accessed 4 March 2006, and also on the following biographical works:
. the chapter on Caccioppoli in a book collecting brief biographical sketches and bibliographies of the scientific works produced by the mathematicians who taught at the Parthenope University of Naples during their stay.
. The recollections on him by one of his colleagues and close friend.
. An ample biographical paper on him written by Carlo Sbordone, pupil of Federico Cafifiero.
. A brief obituary, basically announcing the commemoration of his scientific work published in the following issue 4 of the same Bulletin.
. A survey on his research work published in the UMI Bulletin: even if no author is stated, attributes the article to Gianfranco Cimmino.
References describing his scientific contributions
. is the opening address of the 1988 academic year of the Società Nazionale di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti in Napoli: it describes the contributions of Caccioppoli, Miranda and Cafiero to real analysis and measure theory during their stay in Naples.
(reviews of the symposium paper, see below). This paper, , is a reprint of the contribution of Paulo de Lucia from the "International Symposium Renato Caccioppoli" held in Napoli on 20–22 September 1989 and describes Caccioppoli's and Cafiero's contributions to the development of Measure Theory. The collection includes other papers detailing Caccioppoli's personality and his research, the introduction to his "Opere scelte" (Selected works), a conference held by Caccioppoli himself and related letters by Carlo Miranda, Giovanni Prodi and Francesco Severi.
. A prize winning monograph where Cafiero first states and proves his convergence theorem.
. A Definitive monograph on integration and measure theory: the treatment of the limiting behavior of the integral of various kind of sequences of measure-related structures (measurable functions, measurable sets, measures and their combinations) is somewhat conclusive.
. The work of Cesari summarizing the theory of surface area, including his own contributions.
.
.
Publications dedicated to him or to his memory
. This is a collection of papers detailing his personality and his research, which includes the introduction to his "Opere scelte" (Selected works), a list of contributions from the "International Symposium Renato Caccioppoli" held in Napoli on September 20–22, 1989, a conference held by Caccioppoli himself and related letters by Carlo Miranda, Giovanni Prodi and Francesco Severi.
External links
: biographical sketch from the Caccioppoli family web site.
1904 births
1959 suicides
Scientists from Naples
20th-century Italian mathematicians
Italian people of Russian descent
Complex analysts
Functional analysts
Measure theorists
Mathematical analysts
PDE theorists
Suicides by firearm in Italy
University of Naples Federico II alumni
Members of the Lincean Academy
Italian atheists
1959 deaths
Italian people of Polish descent
Giornale di matematiche editors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renato%20Caccioppoli |
Chairmen
John Houghton MHK, 2004–present
George Waft MLC, 1996–2004
Clare Christian MLC, 1981–1982
Noel Cringle MLC, 1992–1996
Walter Gilbey, years unknown
See also
Civil Service Commission
Government of the Isle of Man | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil%20Service%20Commission%20%28Isle%20of%20Man%29 |
Burning Earth is Firewind's second album, released in 2003. The original rhythm section of Brian Harris and Konstantine were replaced by Stian Kristoffersen and Petros Christo, respectively. This was the last album to feature vocalist Stephen Fredrick, who left months after its release. Burning Earth, has been remastered and re-issued in Japan via Hydrant Music in 2012.
Track listing
Original recording
"Steal Them Blind" – 4:58
"I Am the Anger" – 3:45
"Immortal Lives Young" – 6:50
"Burning Earth" – 4:00
"The Fire and the Fury" (instrumental) – 5:24
"You Have Survived"– 5:26
"Brother's Keeper" – 4:40
"Waiting Still"– 4:04
"The Longest Day" – 5:20
"Still the Winds" – 2:13
Remastered Version
"Steal Them Blind" - 5:00
"I Am The Anger" - - 3:48
"Immortal Lives Young" - 6:47
"Burning Earth" - 4:02
"The Fire and The Fury" - 5:26
"You Have Survived" - 5:28
"Brother's Keeper" - 4:42
"Waiting Still" - 4:06
"The Longest Day" - 5:24
"Burning Earth (Demo)" - 4:05
"The Fire and The Fury (Demo)" - 5:23
"You Have Survived (Demo)" - 5:27
Personnel
Band members
Stephen Fredrick – vocals
Gus G. – guitars, keyboards
Petros Christo – bass
Stian L. Kristoffersen – drums
References
Firewind albums
2003 albums
Massacre Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burning%20Earth |
Palais Coburg, also known as Palais Saxe-Coburg, is a palace in Vienna, Austria. It was owned by the Kohary branch of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
Palais Coburg was designed in 1839 by architect Karl Schleps in Neoclassical style, and built from 1840 to 1845 by Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha atop the Braunbastei (Brown Bastion), a part of the Vienna city defences dating to 1555. It is nicknamed the Spargelburg ("castle of asparagus") for its central portico with many freestanding columns.
Its last private owner was Sarah Aurelia Halasz, morganatic widow of a prince, who lived there with her family. The owners sold the palace in the 1970s and today is a luxury five star boutique hotel after extensive renovations. The palatial hotel has 33 suites and it was the venue for the Iran nuclear deal signed on 14 July 2015.
References
, Haus der Könige. Das Wiener Palais Coburg, Amalthea Signum Verlag, Vienna 2018,
Richard Kurdiovsky, Klaus-Peter Högel (ed.). Das Palais Coburg: Kunst- und Kulturgeschichte eines Wiener Adelspalastes zwischen Renaissance-Befestigung und Ringstraßenära. Brandstätter, Vienna. 2003.
Palais-Coburg.com
External links
Coburg
House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha-Koháry
Hotels in Vienna
Houses completed in 1845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palais%20Coburg |
VP Records is an independent Caribbean-owned record label in Queens, New York. The label is known for releasing music by notable artists in reggae, dancehall and soca. VP Records has offices in New York City, Miami, London, Kingston, Tokyo, Johannesburg and Rio de Janeiro. Additionally, the label has established a presence in Toronto, Australia and New Zealand.
History
The VP Records label was founded in 1979 by the late Vincent "Randy" Chin and his wife Patricia Chin, who owned the Randy's Records store in Kingston, Jamaica (as seen in the 1978 film Rockers), as well as the Studio 17 recording studios. In the mid-1970s, the Chins moved to New York City, setting up a record store in Brooklyn called VP Records in 1975, from which they sold and distributed records. In 1979, they relocated the store to Jamaica, Queens. In 1993, the record label was formed after the success of the retail store. The name of the label is a product of the first letters in the founders' names.
The label established itself as one of the first and largest independent record labels for reggae and dancehall, and with the popularity of the riddim sound of the early 2000s, the label achieved worldwide success for artists such as Sean Paul through the label's deals with Warner Music Group's Atlantic Records and Virgin Music Canada. The label is often also accredited with having increased the popularity of the now globally recognized Elephant Man, also known as the 'Energy God' or 'Ele', through a deal with Bad Boy Records. VP Records has acquired the slogan "Miles Ahead in Reggae Music" to signify that they could be considered to be the future of music that derives from the Caribbean. In addition to reggae, VP is also known for dancehall, soca, and reggaeton music. VP also releases a series of Riddim Driven albums, which feature various artists tracks using the same rhythm. The Biggest Reggae One-Drop Anthems is a series of CD reggae compilations that began in 2005 released by Greensleeves Records; Greensleeves was acquired by VP in 2008, and with Greensleeves' catalogue of over 12,000 songs, VP became the largest reggae label and publisher in the world. VP has also issued the compilations series Strictly the Best, which has now reached over 50 volumes.
VP Records has been awarded Billboards "Best Independent Label" for two consecutive years (2002 and 2003), and has received the award for "Best Reggae Imprint Label" for three consecutive years. VP was also nominated for Best Independent Reggae Label at the 2003 Billboard Hip-Hop and R&B awards, and had been mentioned and featured in publications such as Vibe magazine, New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Billboard, and Time magazine.
Vincent Chin died in 2003. The label is now run by the Chins' sons Randy and Christopher, while Patricia Chin continues to assist with the maintenance of her late husband's company as well. In 2007, VP Records began re-issuing classic albums from the 1970s and 1980s on the 17 North Parade label, the address of Randy's Studio, where it all began.
Artists
Alborosie
Beres Hammond
Busy Signal
Christopher Martin
Gyptian
Jah Cure
Jah9
Jahvillani
Queen Ifrica
Raging Fyah
Richie Spice
Romain Virgo
Spice
Former artistsA Admiral Bailey
Admiral Tibet
Alpha Blondy
Ambelique
Anthony B
Anthony Red Rose
Assassin
Augustus PabloB Baby Wayne
Barrington Levy
Beenie Man
Bobby Digital
Bounty Killer
Brian and Tony Gold
Buccaneer
Buju Banton
Bunji Garlin
Bushman
Byron LeeC Capleton
Carlene Davis
Chevelle Franklyn
Chaka Demus
Chezidek
Cutty Ranks
CultureD Daddy Screw
Da'Ville
Dean Fraser
Dennis Brown
Denroy Morgan
Dirtsman
Don Campbell
Duane StephensonE Elephant Man
EtanaF Fay-Ann Lyons
Foxy Brown
Flourgon
Frankie Paul
Freddie McGregorG Garnett Silk
Gentleman
General Degree
George Nooks
Ghost
Glen Washington
Gregory Isaacs
Gussie ClarkeH Half Pint
Henry "Junjo" LawesI Inner Circle
I WayneJ Jacob Miller
Jigsy King
John Holt
Johnny Osbourne
Junior Kelly
Junior Tucker
J.C. LodgeK Kashief Lindo
King Jammy
KiprichL Lady Saw
Leroy Sibbles
Lieutenant Stitchie
Luciano
Lukie DM Mad Cobra
Marcia Griffiths
Mavado
Maxi Priest
Merciless
Mighty Diamonds
Michigan & Smiley
Mikey Spice
Morgan Heritage
Mr. Lexx
Mr. VegasN Nadine Sutherland
NinjamanOP Papa San
Pam Hall
Pinchers QR Red Dragon
Ras Shiloh
Richie StephensS Sanchez
Sasha
Screwdriver
Sean Paul
Shabba Ranks
Shaggy
Sharon Forrester
Simpleton
Singing Melody
Spanner Banner
Spragga Benz
Sugar MinottT Tanto Metro
Tanto Metro and Devonte
Tanya Stephens
Terror Fabulous
Thriller U
Tiger
Tinga Stewart
Tony Rebel
Turbulence
T.O.K.UV VoicemailW Warrior King
Wayne Wonder
Winston RileyXY Yellowman
Yami BoloZ'
Zap Pow
VP Associated Label Group
VP Associated Label Group (VPAL) is a subsidiary of VP Records that allows independent artists to access VP Records' distribution channel, allowing them broader visibility.
See also
List of record labels
References
External links
Discography at Discogs
American independent record labels
Reggae record labels
New York (state) record labels
Record labels established in 1979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP%20Records |
UFO Magazine was an American magazine that was devoted to the subject of unidentified flying objects (UFOs), the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), as well as paranormal and Fortean subjects in general.
History and profile
UFO Magazine (USA) was founded in 1986 by journalists Vicki Ecker and Sherie Stark, and its contents remained under their stewardship for over a decade with the help of Vicki Ecker's husband, Research Director Don Ecker. For several years after that, it was published by Bill Birnes and edited by his wife, Nancy Hayfield Birnes.
With the term "UFO" trademarked in 1998, UFO Magazine was initially published quarterly, then monthly, then bi-monthly, then erratically for several years. It was one of the few magazines in print primarily devoted to the UFO phenomenon, and the only one that remained in operation for more than a few years.
UFO Magazine was published in the United States and had covered every major breaking UFO story from the disclosure that a Soviet Spacecraft had encountered a UFO, to the Apollo Astronauts' accounts of an alien presence on the Moon, along with more widely publicized events such as the UFO encounter of a Japanese airliner and the controversial Roswell and Gulf Breeze UFO incidents. It featured columnists such as Stanton T. Friedman, Nick Redfern, Larry Bryant, George Noory, Camille James Harman and Colin Bennett, and included writers such as Ann Druffel, Nigel Watson, and Jaime Maussan, among others. UFO Magazine broke the story of Lieutenant Colonel Philip J. Corso's revelations about his involvement in the research of extraterrestrial technology recovered from the 1947 Roswell UFO Incident. It also broke the story of Lieutenant Colonel Marion M. Magruder's handling of the Roswell crash debris and face-to-face meeting with the Roswell alien; as well as Colonel Jesse Marcel, Jr., M.D.'s story of the night his father brought the Roswell debris back to his home before taking it to the Roswell Army Air Field.
There were a total of 158 issues. The final issue, Volume 24, No. 5, Issue #158, was published in early 2012.
See also
List of magazines of anomalous phenomena
UFO Magazine (UK)
External links
Science and technology magazines published in the United States
Bimonthly magazines published in the United States
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Quarterly magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1986
Magazines disestablished in 2012
Paranormal magazines
UFO-related literature
Defunct magazines published in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFO%20Magazine |
Duncan Preston (born 11 August 1946) is an English actor. He is known for his appearances in television productions written by Victoria Wood, including his role in the soap opera parody sketches Acorn Antiques and as Stan in the sitcom dinnerladies (1998–2000). He reprised his role of Clifford in Acorn Antiques: The Musical! in 2005. His other television roles include DS Todd in the soap opera EastEnders (1987), Jonathan Haslam in the hospital sitcom Surgical Spirit (1989–1995); and Doug Potts in the soap opera Emmerdale (2007–2011, 2014–2020).
Career
Preston appeared in a short 1981 Public information film entitled Say NO to Strangers, as a kerb-crawling predator attempting to lure a schoolgirl into his car. He has also made many guest appearances in various TV series, including Hunters Walk, Secret Army, The Professionals, All Creatures Great and Small, Robin of Sherwood, Bergerac, The New Statesman, Press Gang, Chalk, Boon, Casualty, Heartbeat, The Royal, Hetty Wainthropp Investigates, Holby City, Peak Practice, Midsomer Murders, Dalziel and Pascoe and My Family. His film career includes roles in Porridge (1979), A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square (1979), Scandalous (1984), Milk (1999), Nativity 3: Dude, Where's My Donkey? (2014) and in the horror film Howl (2015).
He was also a regular cast member in the sitcom Surgical Spirit and appeared as Dennis Stokes in Coronation Street in 2004. Preston played Doug Potts, the father of Laurel Thomas in Emmerdale. He has also appeared on Lily Savage's Blankety Blank.
From 2002 to 2012, Preston co-starred as Det. Sgt. Riley in the BBC Radio crime drama Trueman and Riley, opposite Robert Daws.
In 2022, Preston appeared in series 25 of Silent Witness.
Personal life
Preston was married to actress Susan Penhaligon between 1986 and 1992. They subsequently reconciled in 1997, though they have not remarried. Duncan has supported the Bradford Bulls Rugby League team throughout his life, having first attended a game when he was 3 years old.
Stage work
A renowned Shakespearean actor, Preston has performed in many productions for the Royal Shakespeare Company, including playing Angus in Trevor Nunn's version of Macbeth (stage 1976, television 1978), starring Ian McKellen and Judi Dench. Other theatre work includes a 2007 production of To Kill A Mockingbird.
He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters degree by the University of Bradford on 4 December 2002 "for his contributions as an actor".
References
1946 births
English male soap opera actors
English male stage actors
Living people
Male actors from Bradford
People educated at Bradford Grammar School
Alumni of RADA | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan%20Preston |
Arumuka Navalar (; 18 December 1822 – 5 December 1879) was a Sri Lankan Shaivite Tamil language scholar, polemicist, and a religious reformer who was central in reviving native Hindu Tamil traditions in Sri Lanka and India.
Navalar's birth name was Nallur Arumuga Pillai. He was born in a Tamil literary family, and became one of the Jaffna Tamils notable for reviving, reforming and reasserting the Hindu Shaivism tradition during the colonial era. As an assistant working for Peter Percival – a Methodist Christian missionary, he helped translate the King James Bible into the Tamil language.he established Hindu schools and published a press in order to publish reading materials for Hindu children to educate them on Hindu religion and also practice and rituals of Hindu religion. With his knowledge of Christian theological premises, Navalar became influential in creating a period of intense religious rivalry with Christian missionaries, defending Tamils and their historic religious culture in India and Sri Lanka, preventing large-scale conversions to Christianity.
He was one of the first natives to use the modern printing press to preserve the Tamil literary tradition. He defended Hindu Shaivism, calling it samaya (Observance, Religion) of "True Being" (sat, soul), and he used the same techniques to counter Christianity that Christian missionaries used against Hinduism. As part of his religious revivalism, in a manner similar to Christian mission schools, he built schools that taught secular and Hindu religious subjects. He is credited with finding and publishing original palm leaf manuscripts. He also attempted to reform Hindu Shaivism and customary practices in Sri Lanka, such as by showing Shaiva Agamas (scriptures) prohibit animal sacrifice and violence of any form.
Biography
Navalar was born in 1822 as Nallur Arumuga Pillai to a Hindu family in Sri Lanka. His family belonged to the Vellalar caste, which constitutes about 50% of the Tamil Hindus on the island nation. The Vellalars were related to farming. Historically, the Vellalars had been a part of the elites who owned lands, were literati, patrons of temples and monasteries. At the time of Navalar's birth, they were a part of the socio-political leadership in Jaffna peninsula, a strip of land (40 by 15 miles) separated from South India by the Palk Strait. Navalar grew up in a literati Tamil Shaiva family.
Navalar's home was in the town of Nallur on the Jaffna peninsula. The principal town Jaffna and the peninsula (as well as the East of Sri Lanka) were predominantly Tamil Saiva in culture distinct from that of the Sinhalese Buddhists elsewhere. It was closely linked to the Saiva culture of South India. It was also home to the Jaffna Kingdom that had patronised this culture before it was defeated by the Portuguese colonials in 1621 CE. Nallur was also the capital of the defeated kingdom.
Arumugam's father Kandharpillai was a Tamil poet and provided a foundation in Tamil literature to Arumuga Navalar. His mother Sivakami was known for her devotion to supreme Saiva deity Lord Siva. Arumugam studied the Indian classical language, Sanskrit as well as Tamil grammar. Arumugam studied English in a Christian mission run school as a day student. After his studies, he was asked to stay on at the Jaffna Central College to teach English and Tamil. The missionary school principal, Peter Percival employed him to assist in the translation of the King James Bible and other Christian literature into Tamil to further their missionary reach and objectives.
Navalar immersed himself in the study of the Bible as well as the Vedas, Agamas and Puranas. When he started his studies, he wondered whether Shaiva Hinduism or Christianity was the right path. After his studies, he became convinced that the Shaiva religious tradition in the Vedas and Agamas was the right path, and that the Christian path wasn't. Arumugam Navalar felt that Hindu Saivites needed a clearer understanding of their own ancient literature and religion. He continued to help the Christian missionaries but resolved to challenge the theological ideas of these missionaries, as well as launch reforms and spread the original ideas of Shaivism. Navalar left his job under Peter Percival that he had with the Wesleyan Mission, although Percival offered him a higher salary to stay on. He decided not to marry and relinquished his patrimony and did not get any money from his four employed brothers. From then until the end of his life, he and his projects were supported by those who believed in his cause.
Through his weekly sermons at Hindu temples, he also attempted to reform local Tamils of all practices that did not find sanction in the Hindu Vedas and Agamas. The lecture series and its circuit continued regularly for several years and produced a Saiva revival, helping informed piety grow among many Jaffna Saivas. This was a direct tactical response to confront what he called the "mockery" of the Hindus by Christian missionaries. During this period, he continued to assist Percival to complete the translation of the Bible, as well as his study of the primary texts of both Christianity and Hinduism. When there was a conflict as to Percival's version and another competing translation, Arumugam traveled to Madras to defend Percival's version. In 1848 he founded his own school and finally parted company with Percival. Navalar believed that the Christian missionaries should be viewed as a gift from Shiva to help awaken his community to discover their own dharma path (puram) from "which they had departed" and away from the path of the "barbaric Europeans" (purappuram), states Hudson.
Background information
Tamil people are natives in Tamil Nadu and in Sri Lanka. Tamilakam (ancient Tamil country) had followers of Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. The Hinduism, Tamil and Sanskrit has been spread by priests, traders to Southeast Asia. By the 12th century CE, the Tamils had an extensive network of temples, religious literature and pilgrimage sites dedicated to Shaivism and Vaishnavism Of these, the Shaiva samayam (religious tradition) was most influential in the Jaffna region. They held the Vedas and Agamas to be the bedrock of their beliefs. Navalar was born and raised in this background.
The 18th and 19th century Tamils in India and Sri Lanka found themselves in the midst of intrusive Christian missionary activity and their polemics against Hinduism. According to D. Dennis Hudson, Tamil Saivas opposed Christian missions from the earliest days, based on indirect literary evidence. Printing press was not available to the Hindus in colonial era South Asia, and the Shaiva community used their oral tradition and handwritten notes for anti-missionary literature. Once Hindus gained access to printing presses, they mass-produced religious literature to condemn Christian propaganda in Jaffna and Chennai (then Madras) in the same way that Christian missionaries had used mass-produced literature to attack Hinduism. Arumuga Navalar was one of the first Tamils who became adept at this information war, and to undertake as his life's career the intellectual and institutional response of Saivism to Christianity in Sri Lanka and India.
The 19th century Protestant missionaries from England and America in Jaffna believed that Hindu Shaivism was "evil" and in the struggle God and the Devil, they began to use publications such as The Morning Star to reveal the "falsity" of Hindu Shaivism and highlight texts such as the Skanda Purana in their schools for children. This angered the Shaiva community, who began their own efforts to counter the methods of the Christians.
Response to Protestant propaganda
In September 1842 two hundred Hindu men gathered at a Siva temple monastery. The group decided to open up a school to study Vedas and Agamas. The group also decided to start a press with the help of resident Eurasian Burghers. Arumugam Navalar who was part of the organisation wrote about the meeting in The Morning Star in a sympathetic tone.
While Arumugam Navalar was still working under Peter Percival and translating the Bible, he published a seminal letter in The Morning Star under a pseudonym in September 1841. It was a comparative study of Christianity and Hindu Saivism and targeted the weakness in the argument Christian missionaries had used against local Hindu Saiva practices. The missionaries had attacked the idol worship and temple rituals of the local Hindu Saivas as "devilish" and of "no value". Navalar, an avid reader of the Bible as he worked to translate it into Tamil, stated that Christianity and Jesus himself were rooted in the temple rituals of the ancient Israelites and that the reverence to the icons of Christianity such as the cross was akin to Shaiva's reverence for the icons of Hinduism such as the lingam. If Christians find their churches, rites and symbols as pedagogically useful, why shouldn't Shaiva Hindus have the same human rights and religious choices, argued Navalar. His letter admonished the missionaries for misrepresenting their own religion and concluded that in effect there was no difference between Christianity and Hindu Saivism as far as idol worship and temple rituals were concerned.
Circuit preaching
Using the preaching methods popularised by the Methodist preachers, he became a circuit preacher. His first secession was on 31 December 1847 at Vaitheeswaran Temple in Vannarpannai. It was a weekly event known as Prasangams on every Friday evening. In these secession he read from sacred texts and then preached in a manner that lay people understood. He was helped by his friend Karttikeya Aiyar of Nallur and his students from his school. The sermon topics were mostly ethical, liturgical, and theological and included the evils of adultery, drunkenness, the value of non-killing, the conduct of women, the worship of the linga, the four initiations, the importance of giving alms, of protecting cows, and the unity of God.
Emphasis on Agamas
In his weekly sermons, he attacked Christians and criticized the benighted practices of local Hindus. He specifically reprimanded the trustees and priests of the Nallur Kandaswami Temple in his home town because they had built the temple not according to the Agamas a century ago as well as used priests who were not initiated in the Agamas. He also opposed their worship of Vel or the weapon representing the main deity as it did not have Agamic sanction.
Reformed school system
The school he founded was called Saivaprakasa Vidyasala or School of Lord Siva's splendor. The school did not follow the traditional Tamil teaching system, in which each student worked on his own pace and the teacher pupil ratio was extremely low. Although this system produced stellar experts in subject matter but took too much labour and was inefficient compared to the western system used by the Missionaries. He developed his teaching methods based on the exposure he had with the Missionaries. He developed the curriculum to be able to teach 20 students at a time and included secular subject matters and English. He also wrote the basic instruction materials for different grades in Saivism. Most of his teachers were friends and acquaintances who were volunteers. This school system was duplicated later in Chidambaram in India in 1865 and it still exits. But the school system he founded in Sri Lanka was replicated and over 100 primary and secondary schools were built based on his teaching methods. This school system produced numerous students who had clearer understanding of their religion, textual foundations, rituals and theology.
Navalar title
As an owner of a pioneering new school with the a need for original publications in Tamil prose to teach subjects for all grades, Arumugar Navalar felt a need for a printing press. He and his colleague Sadasiva Pillai went to Madras, India in 1849 to purchase a printing press. On the way they stopped at Thiruvaduthurai Adheenam in Tanjavur, India, an important Saiva monastery. He was asked by the head of the monastery to preach. After listening to his preaching and understanding his unusual mastery of the knowledge of Agamas, the head of the monastery conferred on him the title Navalar (learned). This honorary degree from a prestigious Saiva monastery enhanced his position amongst Saivas and he was known as the Navalar since then.
Literary contributions
While in India he published two texts, one was an educational tool (teachers guide) Cüdãmani Nikantu, a sixteenth-century lexicon of simple verses and Soundarya Lahari, a Sanskrit poem in praise of the Primeval Mother Goddess Parvati, geared towards devotion. These were the first effort at editing and printing Tamil works for Hindu Saiva students and devotees. His press was set up in a building that was donated by a merchant of Vannarpannai. It was named the Vidyaanubalana yantra sala (Preservation of Knowledge Press). The initial publications included Bala Patam (Lessons for Children) in 1850 and 1851. They were graded readers, simple in style, similar in organisation to those used in the Protestant schools. This was followed up by a third volume in 1860 and 1865. It consisted of thirty-nine advanced essays in clear prose, discussing subjects such as God, Saul, The Worship of God, Crimes against the Lord, Grace, Killing, Eating meat, Drinking liquor, Stealing, Adultery, Lying, Envy, Anger, and Gambling. These editions were in use in 2007.
Other notable texts published included The Prohibition of Killing, Manual of worship of Shiva temple and The Essence of the Saiva Religion. His first major literary publication appeared in 1851, the 272-page prose version of Sekkilar's Periya Puranam, a retelling of the 12th-century hagiography of the Nayanars or Saivite saints. In 1853 he published Nakkirar's Tirumurukarrupatai, with its own commentary. It was a devotional poem to Sri Murugan. This was followed by local missionaries attacking Sri Murugan as an "immoral deity" for marrying two women. As a response Navalar published Radiant Wisdom explaining how the chronicles embody differing levels of meaning and that numerous characters in the Christian Bible, like King David, who were being claimed as examples of good conduct by the missionaries, were being depicted as having multiple wives and sexual partners themselves. He also published literature of controversial nature, in a manner similar to how Christian missionaries were, in what Navalar called as "mocking" the Hindus. He along with Centinatha Aiyar, published examples of indecent language from the Bible and published it as Disgusting Things in the Bible (Bibiliya Kutsita). In 1852, he along with Ci. Vinayakamurtti Cettiyar of Nallur, printed the Kummi Song on Wisdom of Muttukumara Kavirajar. The local Christians called for the one-sided censorship of such criticism and to shut down these printing presses.
The seminal work that was geared towards stemming the tide of conversions was printed in 1854. It was a training manual for the use of Saivas in their opposition to the missionaries, titled "Saiva dusana parihara" (The Abolition of the Abuse of Saivism).
A Methodist missionary, who had worked in Jaffna, described the manual thirteen years after it had appeared as:
This manual was widely used in Sri Lanka and India; it was reprinted at least twice in the 19th century, and eight times by 1956.
Legacy
According to D. Dennis Hudson – a World Religions scholar, Navalar's legacy began in Jaffna, but spread more broadly to Sri Lanka as well as Southern India. Navalar active efforts to set up two centres of reform made him influential in the Tamil community. He started two schools, two printing presses and campaigned against Christian missionary activity in colonial-era Jaffna and Madras Presidency. He produced approximately ninety-seven Tamil publications, twenty-three were his own creations, eleven were commentaries, and forty were his editions of those works of grammar, literature, liturgy, and theology that were not previously available in print. With this recovery, editing, and publishing of ancient works, Navalar laid the foundations for the recovery of lost Tamil classics that other Tamil scholars such as U. V. Swaminatha Iyer and C.W. Thamotharampillai continued. He was the first person to deploy the prose style in the Tamil language and according to Tamil scholar Kamil Zvelebil in style it bridged the medieval to the modern.
Navalar established the world's first Hindu school adapted to the modern needs that succeeded and flourished. While the school he established in Chidamharam in 1865 has survived to this day, similar schools seem to have spread only to two nearby towns. In Sri Lanka, eventually more than one hundred and fifty primary and secondary schools emerged from his work. Many of the students of these schools were successful in defending the Hindu Saiva culture not only against Christian missionary activities but also against neo-Hindu sects. His reforms and contributions were added to by scholars such as V. Kalyanasundaram (1883–1953), and Maraimalai Adigal (1876–1950), who developed their own schools of theology within the Hindu Saiva heritage. Although it is difficult to quantify as to how many Hindus may have converted to Protestant Christianity without his intervention but according to Bishop Sabapathy Kulendran, the low rate of conversion compared to the initial promise was due to Navalar's activities.
Arumuka Navalar who identified himself with an idealised past, worked within the traditions of Hindu Saiva culture and adhered to the Hindu Saiva doctrine. He was an unapologetic defender of Hindu Shaivism. Although he never cared much for his caste identity, as he considered all living beings as equal, his efforts led to the consolidation of traditional privileges of Hindu Saiva Vellala (farmers, landlords) and Karaiyar (warriors). Although Navalar did not show much interest in Tamil politics and kept his focus on defending the Hindu Shaiva faith in Sri Lanka and South India, his aggressive preaching of a Hindu Saiva cultural heritage contributed to the growth Tamil nationalism. The Tamil nationalist movement had an element that "Hindu Saiva Siddhanta preceded all others as the original Tamil religion", states Dennis Hudson. Navalar's insistence on the Agamas as the criteria of Hindu Saiva worship, moreover, gave momentum to the tendency among Tamils everywhere to attempt to subsume local deities under the Agamic pantheon and to abandon animal sacrifice altogether.
Navalar and his followers have been accused by some such as Sivathamby of focusing on the religious literature "in their anxiety", and "openly keeping away" from the secular Tamil literature, as they opposed the Christian missionaries. According to David Shulman, however, Navalar was among the pioneers who first located and printed the predominantly non-religious Tamil Sangam literature in 1851 (Thirumurukaattuppadai, one of the Ten Idylls) and the earliest paper editions of a palm-leaf manuscript on the ancient Tamil grammar text, Tolkappiyam. According to Kamil Zvelebil – a Tamil literature scholar, Navalar was one of the key persons who identified, edited and published the secular and religious classical Tamil literature before 1879. He also inspired his fellow Tamils to publish Hindu texts and their translations.
His critics state that Navalar was an example of a "hegemonic caste" and his hidden agenda was to promote his own caste. Arumuga Navalar found support from the Brahmins and his own literati caste of Vellalas in the Tamil community, according to Wilson, because he accepted and recognized their caste-based status. His supporters state that Navalar had no such hidden agenda, and his active efforts to reform attest to Navalar's commitment to end social vices such as alcoholism, violence against animals and others. According to Peter Schalk, Navalar has also been accused of despising the Vaishnava and Jaina community.
Navalar's legacy has provoked negative reactions and criticism from the political left of South Asia. Navalar, states Schalk, was a theologian who used indirect "metonymic language" with "coded words" that metaphorically supported the traditional caste system privileges within the colonial era administration. His supporters, in contrast, interpret the same "coded words" differently and view him as an "organic intellectual" committed to religious growth through reforms and one committed to the human rights and freedom struggle of the Tamil people.
References
Cited literature
Further reading
External links
Arumuka Navalar, a contemporary Christian Missionary perspective
Arumuka Navalar, a Hindu perspective
1822 births
1879 deaths
Alumni of Jaffna Central College
19th-century Hindu religious leaders
Sri Lankan Hindu revivalists
Sri Lankan Tamil revivalists
Shaivite religious leaders
Hindu missionaries
Hindu revivalists
Missionary linguists
Sri Lankan missionaries
19th-century translators
Translators of the Bible into Tamil
Tamil-language writers
Sri Lankan translators
Sri Lankan Hindus
Hindu apologists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arumuka%20Navalar |
John Frederick William Birney (known as Ewan Birney) (born 6 December 1972) is joint director of EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), in Hinxton, Cambridgeshire and deputy director general of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL). He also serves as non-executive director of Genomics England, chair of the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) and honorary professor of bioinformatics at the University of Cambridge. Birney has made significant contributions to genomics, through his development of innovative bioinformatics and computational biology tools. He previously served as an associate faculty member at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.
Education
Birney was educated at Eton College as an Oppidan Scholar. Before going to university, Birney completed a gap year internship at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory supervised by James Watson and Adrian Krainer.
Birney completed his Bachelor of Arts degree in Biochemistry at the University of Oxford in 1996, where he was an undergraduate student at Balliol College, Oxford. He completed his PhD at the Sanger Institute, supervised by Richard Durbin while he was a postgraduate student at St John's College, Cambridge. His doctoral research used dynamic programming, finite-state machines and probabilistic automatons for sequence alignment.
While he was a student he completed internships in the office of the Mayor of Baltimore and also in financial services on valuation of options for the Swiss Bank Corporation.
Research and career
From 2000 to 2003, Birney organised a scientific wager and sweepstake known as GeneSweep, for the genomics community, taking bets on estimates of the total number of genes (and noncoding DNA) in the human genome.
Birney is one of the founders of the Ensembl genome browser and other databases, and has played a role in the sequencing of the Human Genome in 2000 and the analysis of genome function in the ENCODE project. He has played a role in annotating the genome sequences of the human, mouse, chicken and several other organisms. His research group focuses on computational genomics and inter-individual differences in human and other animals.
Birney is known for his role in the ENCODE consortium. Prior to the ENCODE project, Birney has been involved in creation of a number of widely used bioinformatics and computational biology tools, either directly (PairWise, GeneWise, GenomeWise,), or in collaboration with students and postdocs, e.g. Exonerate (with Guy Slater), Enredo (Javier Herrero), Pecan (Benedict Paten), the Velvet assembler (Daniel Zerbino
) and CRAM (Markus Hsi-Yang Fritz, Rasko Leinonen and Vadim Zalunin). Birney has also contributed to several other projects including the Pfam database, InterPro, BioPerl, and HMMER and Ensembl genome database project.
, Birney's research group focuses on genomic algorithms and studying inter individual differences, in both human and other species. He has supervised several PhD students and postdoctoral researchers that have worked in his laboratory. His research has been funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Medical Research Council (MRC) the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), the Wellcome Trust and the European Union.
Birney serves as a consultant to Oxford Nanopore Technologies and on the scientific advisory board of the Earlham Institute (formerly TGAC) in Norwich. Since 2022, he has served on the governing board at Eton College.
Awards and honours
In 2002, Birney was named as one of the MIT Technology Review TR100 top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35. In 2003, he gave the inaugural Francis Crick Lecture at the Royal Society: In 2005, he was awarded the Overton Prize by the International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) for his advocacy of open source bioinformatics, contributions to the BioPerl community and leadership of the Ensembl genome annotation project. In 2005 Birney was awarded the Benjamin Franklin Award in Bioinformatics:
Birney was awarded membership of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO) in 2012 and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2014. His certificate of election and candidature reads:
Birney has been awarded an Honorary Doctor of Science (DSc) degrees: in 2014 from Brunel University London and in 2021 from University of Tartu, Estonia. In 2015, Birney was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci). Birney was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2019 New Year Honours.
Personal life
Birney married in 2003 and has two children.
References
|-
Living people
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
British bioinformaticians
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Overton Prize winners
Fellows of Churchill College, Cambridge
Wellcome Trust
1972 births
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the International Society for Computational Biology
Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
Human Genome Project scientists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewan%20Birney |
The Archdiocese of Vaduz (), which was erected in 1997, is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church which encompasses the entire territory of the Principality of Liechtenstein.
History
The Archdiocese of Vaduz was erected by Pope John Paul II in the apostolic constitution Ad satius consulendum on 2 December 1997. Its territory, taken from the Diocese of Chur, was the entire Principality of Liechtenstein. Before then it had been the Liechtenstein Deanery, a part of the Swiss Diocese of Chur. The Archdiocese of Vaduz does not belong to any conference of bishops and reports directly to the Holy See.
Wolfgang Haas, who had been a controversial bishop of Chur since 1988, was appointed to head the new archdiocese. He took possession on his see on 21 December 1997 in Vaduz Cathedral, which had been the parish church of St. Florian.
Patrons
The principal patron of the Archdiocese is the Holy Virgin Mary, Mother of God, under the title of her Nativity (September 8). Additional patrons are the martyr St. Lucius (St. Luzi), also a patron of the diocese of Chur, and St. Florin.
Composition
The Archdiocese consists of twelve parishes.
Ordinaries
Wolfgang Haas (2 December 1997 – 20 September 2023)
See also
Religion in Liechtenstein
Catholic Church in Liechtenstein
References
External links
Official website
Statistics relating to the Archdiocese of Vaduz
Vaduz
Religion in Liechtenstein
Religious organizations based in Liechtenstein
Christian organizations established in 1997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Archdiocese%20of%20Vaduz |
Ince & Elton railway station, on the Hooton–Helsby line, serves both Ince and Elton in Cheshire, England. The station is unstaffed.
History
Ince station was opened on 1 July 1863 by the Birkenhead Joint Railway. It was renamed Ince & Elton on 17 April 1884. Services were operated jointly by the London and North Western Railway and Great Western Railway up until the 1923 Grouping, then by the GWR and the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. After nationalisation in 1948, the station became part of the London Midland region of British Railways. The route through the station carried significant amounts of freight from the outset, from the docks at Birkenhead and later from the oil refineries and dock complex at Ellesmere Port as well as a local passenger service between Birkenhead Monks Ferry (from opening until March 1878)/ (from April 1878) or and Helsby, where passenger could access the other section of the joint line between Warrington Bank Quay and .
This station was earmarked for closure, along with Stanlow and Thornton, Helsby and Ellesmere Port, under the proposals made by Dr. Beeching. This was never implemented, although services gradually began to reduce and the remaining through trains to/from Birkenhead Woodside ended in 1967 when the station there was closed.
Services originally operated regularly between Helsby and Hooton via Ellesmere Port, with some services running through to Rock Ferry prior to the electrification of the line between there and Hooton in 1985. Once electric trains began running to Hooton, the service was revamped to run between Chester and Helsby via Hooton (with a reversal there) every 30 minutes on weekdays & Saturdays. Convenient connections were available at Helsby for Warrington & Manchester and at Hooton for Liverpool. However, following the extension of the third rail southwards to Chester in 1993, the service east of Ellesmere Port was cut back substantially – most trains ran as a shuttle to Ellesmere Port only, with only a two-hourly service beyond there. The pattern was then altered again when electrification of the Hooton to Ellesmere Port section was completed in 1994 – from that point onwards, all services from Helsby terminated at Ellesmere Port but ran beyond Helsby to Warrington Bank Quay and Liverpool Lime Street (every two hours Mon–Sat), calling at all stations en route. The new service was poorly patronised though, and by 1996 it had been cut back to the current pattern of two pairs of services each way in the early morning and mid afternoon.
Some station signs are outdated, displaying information about those former services to Chester and Hooton (see image of sign on Platform 2).
Facilities
There is level access from the small car park at the front of station onto the Helsby platform. From this platform, to reach the Ellesmere Port platform, turn left, go down the platform end ramp, and providing the level crossing warning lights indicate that it is safe, cross the lines using the foot crossing and then up the platform end ramp.
The road leading down from the main road at Ince to the station is step-free, although there is no pavement. The alternative exit, via the narrow path involves walking up steep steps, which is not accessible for passengers with pushchairs and/or mobility problems.
Northern Trains's Adopt-a-Station scheme is in operation at this station. Members of the local community support the station by carrying out regular duties such as picking up litter and ensuring the station remains in a good overall condition.
Services
There is a minimal train service (towards Helsby and to Ellesmere Port) of two trains per day each way. The first of the morning comes from and returns there in the evening via Warrington Bank Quay.
A branch of the Merseyrail electric network Wirral Line terminates at Ellesmere Port, the next but one station to the west after Stanlow and Thornton. Only diesel trains use Ince and Elton station. The likelihood of electrifying the line and incorporating into the Merseyrail network was low, as there are many dangerous substances and cables surrounding the trackside as the line passes through the Stanlow oil refinery. However, Merseytravel have shown interest in taking ownership of the Halton Curve south of Runcorn to incorporate into the Merseyrail network. This might entail the line being electrified and brought onto the Merseyrail network, giving access to Runcorn, Liverpool South Parkway for John Lennon Airport and maybe onto Liverpool Lime Street. This would give access to Liverpool from both directions. Merseytravel's interest is ongoing and no outcome has been released.
There is no service on Sundays. A normal service operates on most Bank Holidays. In the event of buses replacing trains, only one service in each direction runs, usually in the late afternoon.
In British Rail terminology, this station's rail service(s) would be referred to as a 'Parliamentary train'. This means that the Train Operating Company only runs the minimum number of services required legally, and usually at the least busy times of day, in order to still comply with the law, but to keep operating costs down to an absolute minimum. It is cheaper to run this service than going through a lengthy legal process of applying for station closures.
North Cheshire Rail User Group
A rail user group, the North Cheshire Rail User Group, supports and actively campaigns for an improved service at this station and for this railway line.
Public transport interchange
At the station exit, there are hourly bus services. The number X2, operated by Stagecoach Merseyside, operates towards Runcorn, or in the opposite direction, towards Ellesmere Port and onward towards Chester. Buses run until around 19:00 local time.
These services only run Monday–Saturday. This means that Ince and Elton villages are not served by any public transport on Sundays.
There is a free small car park located just outside the station. There is no CCTV or staff at this station.
Freight
Freightliner usually run a class 70 'heavy-haul' service to Ellesmere Port twice a day from/to Fiddlers Ferry on Monday to Fridays. On Saturdays there is one scheduled working.
When the Shell oil refinery at Stanlow used the railways to transport freight, over fifteen trains per day used this line. Since then, the sidings and signal box have been removed, and freight is becoming increasingly rare on this line.
No freight trains currently use the station, other than to pass through it.
References
Notes
Sources
Further reading
External links
Railway stations in Cheshire
DfT Category F2 stations
Former Birkenhead Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1863
Northern franchise railway stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ince%20%26%20Elton%20railway%20station |
John Samuel Stamm (1878–1956) was an American bishop of the Evangelical Church, elected in 1926.
Biography
Stamm was born on a Sunday morning (to his parents, an indication God had a special work for him), 23 March 1878, a son of Hanz and Mary Stamm. The Stamms were devout Christians and members of the Evangelical Association Church in Alida, Geary County, Kansas, which they had helped organize seven years before.
Conversion and call
At the age of ten, John became so disturbed by a sermon he heard one Sunday morning that he went to a hillside after church to pray.
"I prayed because I had a very keen sense of the need of the saving grace of God in Christ. Suddenly, as I was praying there came to me a sense of peace, release and trust...a new joy filled my life...I came into an assurance that I was a Christian...because I had come into personal saving relationship with God." A few Sundays later, his Pastor remarked that he was growing old and would soon need to lay down his work. He asked, "Who will take my place?" And young John Stamm remembers thinking "I will!"
At the age of eighteen he experienced another turning point in his young life. Sitting with several other teenage boys one night when the preacher gave the invitation to come to the altar, John turned to his friends and said, "If I go, will you go?" They assured him they would. So they filed down the center aisle to the altar. "That night I found Jesus Christ as my personal Savior," Bishop Stamm later wrote. "It was an experience of great joy and meaning and still is today," he wrote in 1955. "I made a complete turnabout in life. Instead of doubting God, I now loved Him...things of the spirit had new interest and challenge for me...the call of the Christian ministry came to me with clear and convincing urgency."
Education
Stamm had completed less than five grades of public school when he turned twenty. Nevertheless, that fall he sold his horse and other possessions to obtain enough money for a train ticket to Naperville, Illinois, the home of The Evangelical Association's North Central College and Evangelical Theological Seminary (E.T.S.). He took sub-academy courses at the College, along with others who had also not finished high school. Twelve years later Stamm had completed his college degree and graduated from the seminary. In 1927, E.T.S. honored him with a Doctor of Divinity degree. He received a Doctor of Laws degree from Albright College in 1936, a Doctor of Humane Letters from North Central College in 1949, and a Doctor of Sacred Theology from Dickinson College in 1951.
Ordained ministry
In 1901 Stamm was appointed Pastor of the Glasgow, Missouri Evangelical Mission. "When I met the Class Leader at the railroad station, he greeted me rather formally, then said, 'I had better tell you right away, we do not want you.' He said they had requested the conference not to send an unmarried man to this mission." While serving there Stamm became acquainted with Priscilla Marie Wahl. She taught in the Primary Department of the Sunday School and was elected Superintendent when only nineteen. On 19 March 1912 they were married during the time that Rev. Stamm was the Pastor of the Manhattan Evangelical Church. Shortly thereafter he was appointed to the Oak Park Village Church.
Two nights before Christmas, 1918, Bishop Spreng informed Rev. Stamm by telephone that he had been elected to teach Systematic Theology at E.T.S. He remained at the seminary until elected Bishop. His theological scholarship was recognized in his service as a Consulting Editor for the publication of both the Revised Standard Version of the Bible and of The Interpreters Bible.
Episcopal ministry
His first assignment as Bishop of the Evangelical Church was Kansas City. During those first eight years, Stamm also served as the General Secretary of Evangelism for his denomination. After Kansas City, in 1934 he was assigned to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. There he also served until 1941 as President of The Evangelical School of Theology at Reading, Pennsylvania.
Bishop Stamm gave statesman-like leadership to the Pennsylvania Council of Churches (1945–49) and to the Federal Council of Churches (1948–50), serving as President of each of those organizations. He was a member of the 1948 organizing Assembly of the World Council of Churches, serving on its Central Committee until 1954.
Retirement
When Bishop Stamm requested retirement at the 1950 General Conference of the Evangelical United Brethren Church, he said
"Through the goodness of God, I have been able to serve in the Cheristian ministry for more than fifty-one and a half years...From the hour when I yielded to God in response to the call to the Christian ministry to this very day, I have been under a commanding sense of stewardship which impelled me to make this ministry central in my thought and life: to give Christ the preeminence in all things, and to give myself wholly to this work...I can honestly say, I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision."
Bishop Stamm closed his farewell address by saying
"I am not tired of the Christian ministry...The years that lie ahead are in the hands of God...Officially I will stand on the sidelines, but I shall cheer for our leaders. I shall do more. I shall pray",
Death
Bishop Stamm died March 5, 1956.
Selected writings
Evangelism and Christian Experience, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania: Evangelical Press, 1930.
From Farm Boy to Bishop, Builders, Vol. 62, 26 February, 5 March 1955.
Biography
Findley, C.R., Life Sketch of Bishop Stamm, read at the Bishop's funeral.
See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
References
Milhouse, Paul W., Nineteen Bishops of the Evangelical United Brethren Church, Nashville, The Parthenon Press, 1974.
Notes
External links
Photo of Bishop Stamm (from 200 Years of United Methodism, An Illustrated History)
American United Methodist bishops
Bishops of the Evangelical Association
North Central College alumni
1878 births
1956 deaths
Presidents of United Methodist seminaries
American biblical scholars
Editors of Christian publications
American autobiographers
Ministers of the Evangelical United Brethren Church
Systematic theologians
People from Geary County, Kansas
People from Glasgow, Missouri | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20S.%20Stamm |
Grant Radnor Dodwell (born 2 July 1952, in Sydney) is an Australian actor, producer, writer, director, voice artist, and drama teacher. He is a triple recipient of the Silver Logie for Most Popular Actor. He is best known for his roles in television soap operas including as an original cast member in A Country Practice, Willing and Abel and Home and Away.
Career
Dodwell has 50 years' experience in the entertainment industry in theatre, television and film appearing in many of Australia's best known stage shows and television series. He is best known for his Logie award-winning television acting role playing Dr. Simon Bowen in A Country Practice. He would later play Charles Willing in Willing and Abel (1987) in which he co-starred with his former ACP co-star Shane Withington who played the role of Abel Moore. He also appeared as Dr. Sam Wilkinson in Home & Away during its later years.
Dodwell worked on 2008 feature film Men's Group, produced by John L. Simpson and directed by Michael Joy. He won the Australian IF best actor award and the film won Best Film and Script.
Filmography
Awards
External links
References
1952 births
20th-century Australian male actors
21st-century Australian male actors
Australian male film actors
Australian male television actors
Drama teachers
Living people
Logie Award winners
Male actors from Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant%20Dodwell |
A dipole speaker enclosure in its simplest form is constructed by mounting a loudspeaker driver on a flat panel. The panel may be folded to conserve space.
The term dipole derives from the fact that the polar response consists of two lobes, with equal radiation forwards and backwards, and none perpendicular to the axis. (By comparison a monopole response consists of one lobe.) This can be useful in reducing the stimulation of resonant room modes at low frequencies. It also results in high frequencies being reflected from any rear wall, which can enhance the naturalness of the sound in typical listening rooms by creating more diffuse reverberation, though in theory it could detract from stereo localization. For this reason dipole speakers are often used as surround channel speakers, where a diffuse sound is desired to create ambience.
A dipole speaker works by creating air movement (as sound pressure waves) directly from the front and back surfaces of the driver, rather than by impedance matching one or both outputs to the air. As a result, diaphragm motion below the driver's resonance frequency is constrained primarily by the driver's restoring force (e.g., diaphragm suspension) and not by acoustic loading from an enclosure. This implies that cone motion at the lowest frequencies will be larger at the same output level than in a more usual enclosure, and that power handling will be accordingly limited. Especially at lower frequencies, dipole drivers tend to be large and flat, and necessarily open at both front and back. Common examples include electrostatic or ribbon drivers, though a conventional cone driver mounted in an open baffle also works as a dipole loudspeaker. All of these variations are characterised by a "figure-of-eight" radiation pattern in which the loudness falls towards the sides of the enclosure where interference between front and back waves is maximized. Sometimes the enclosure is modified into an "H-frame" with the driver located on a wall dividing two open compartments. Such enclosures require some control over the radiated sound from the rear of the enclosure to achieve the desired response. This is usually done by mounting two drivers, one over the other, in a push-pull configuration.
Some of the speaker cabinets referred to as dipolar arrange the two poles at an angle of about 90 degrees rather than 180 degrees, especially for wall-mounted rear speakers (e.g. Jamo C-80-SUR, Castle dipoles, and Theophany S4).
Advantages
An advantage of dipoles is that the sound is concentrated in the listening area due to the figure-of-eight polar response. This means that for a given output loudness, locations falling within the "dead-zone" of the speaker do not perceive as loud a sound as they would with more traditional enclosures.
Dipole speakers are said to be better for rear speakers in surround-sound systems, although this is disputed (or at least success depends on factors such as room acoustics, type of music, and so on). The THX standard specifies dipoles for the surround speakers in home theater, but that part of the spec is often ignored in practice.
Disadvantages
However, these enclosures are less efficient because, for the same driver, a dipole results in less sound pressure level than a closed or ported enclosure, and certainly far less than a properly designed horn. This means that the drivers mounted on a dipole enclosure must have large maximum excursions, large square areas, or both. One solution to these problems is to cross over to a closed or ported enclosure that handles the low frequencies. Another solution is to construct the dipole by means of a bipole with signal processing controlling the polar pattern. This enables switching between different polar patterns or varying the polar pattern and efficiency versus frequency and versus output level.
References
http://www.forsman.no/cms/
http://www.linkwitzlab.com/x-models.htm#B
http://www.linkwitzlab.com/frontiers.htm#L
https://web.archive.org/web/20110718144913/http://www.avreview.co.uk/news/article/mps/UAN/147/V/2/ Dipoles, bipoles and quadpoles
http://www.daudio.nl
https://www.soundmaxpro.com/best-bipolar-speakers/
Loudspeaker technology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole%20speaker |
Shane Withington (born 22 August 1958) is an Australian actor, notable for roles theatre TV and film.
Career
Withington is best known for roles in TV serials, with two famous character portrayal's, these include his role as Brenden Jones, a farmer, nurse and subsequently the Deputy Matron of the fictional Wandin Valley in the television series A Country Practice from 1982 until 1986 the Deputy Matron of Wandin Valley Hospital;
Withington, first appeared in TV serial Home and Away as a guest character called Colin, before being given the permanent role of cranky but warm-hearted surf lifesaver and patrol officer John Palmer in 2009, initially as a 3-month stand-alone stint; he'd been in the role for ten years by 2019..
He has also featured as well as Willing and Abel, as Abel Moore, and the sitcom The Family Business.
He had a guest star appearance in film Strange Bedfellows, in 2004 starring Paul Hogan and Michael Caton.
In 2008, he was in the BBC drama Out of the Blue, playing the detective in charge of investigating a murder. Since 2009, he has had the regular
Withington co-starred in the play The Boys Next Door in 1992.
Filmography
Films
Television
Personal life
Withington was born in Toowoomba, Queensland to a cowgirl mother, who was the daughter of a drover and an English father who worked in food processing and was a nightclub singer and champion first grade soccer player in Queensland.
After being expelled from school, Withington worked as a horsesman and jackaroo, before auditioning an acting scholarship with the Elizabethan Quest Scholarship at 16. He toured with the Twelfth Night Theatre.
Withington is married to actress Anne Tenney, who played his character's wife Molly Jones on A Country Practice.
References
External links
1958 births
20th-century Australian male actors
21st-century Australian male actors
Australian male film actors
Australian male television actors
Living people
Logie Award winners
Actors from Queensland
Blinky Bill | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shane%20Withington |
Eli Balas is an Israeli professional poker player, based in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Balas has won 3 bracelets at the World Series of Poker (WSOP). He has also finished 2nd in 5 WSOP preliminary events.
Balas finished on the television bubble, which was 7th place, for the inaugural World Poker Tour (WPT) event and made two final tables of the Ultimate Poker Challenge.
As of 2008, his total live tournament winnings exceed $1,300,000. His 24 cashes at the WSOP account for $1,148,041 of those winnings.
WSOP Bracelets
Notes
External links
Eli Balas Hendon Mob tournament results
American poker players
Living people
World Series of Poker bracelet winners
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%20Balas |
Lars Eric "Lasse" Mattsson is a Finnish guitarist, songwriter, and producer known for his contributions to the neoclassical metal genre. He was heavily influenced by classic hard rock bands like Jimi Hendrix and Richie Blackmore as well as guitar virtuosos like Al DiMeola. In 1985, he was discovered by Mike Varney of Guitar Player Magazine and Shrapnel Records. After playing with several local hard rock bands, Mattsson released his first EP, Can't Go On Without Your Love, in 1987. He then signed with Black Dragon Records and released three albums: Eternity (1988), No Surrender (1989), and Electric Voodoo (1991).
In 1992, Mattsson formed the band Vision with Swedish singer Conny Lind, recording the album Lars Eric Mattsson's Vision. However, the label's bankruptcy prevented the release of their follow-up album, and the band eventually split up. Mattsson briefly quit music, but in 1996 he recorded Till the End of Time with Vision, which received positive reviews. In 2000, he formed the progressive band Condition Red, and in 2003, he released Power Games, an album featuring ex-Balance of Power singer Lance King. That same year, Condition Red released their second album, II.
Mattsson continued to release albums throughout the 2000s, including Book of Reflections (2004), a progressive metal concept album/metal opera titled War (2005), and Dream Child (2008), which featured a new female vocalist, Adrienn Antal. He also re-released a remastered version of No Surrender + Live (2009) with bonus live tracks. Mattsson's music is influenced by classical music, classic hard rock, heavy metal, and progressive rock/metal.
Discography
Lars Eric Mattsson
Can't Go On Without Your Love (4 track EP)(1987)
Eternity (1988)
No Surrender (1989)
Electric Woodoo (aka The Exciter) (1991)
Obsession (1998)
Earthbound (2005)
No Surrender+Live (2009) (20th Annivessary Reissue)
Aurora Borealis: Concerto For Orchestra & Electric Guitar (2011)
Epicentre (2013)
Hot and Able (1983-85) (2014)
Let Me Rock You (1984-87) (2014)
Eternity - 25th Anniversary (2014)
No Surrender - 25th Anniversary (2014)
Songs From a Different Room (2015)
Never Coming Home (4 track EP)(2016)
Sand and Blood (2017)
Vicky's Eyes (single) (2018)
Into the Unknown (2019)
Mattsson
Another Dimension (2000)
Power Games (2003)
War (2005)
Dream Child (2008)
Tango (2010)
Lars Eric Mattsson's Vision
Lars-Eric Mattsson's Vision (1992)(25th Anniversary Remaster released 2017)
Till The End of Time (1997)(20th Anniversary Remix released 2017)
The Best Of (2000)
On The Edge (2004)
II:1993(2017)
Live+ (2017)
Condition Red
Condition Red (2000) (Reissued new version in 2014)
Condition Red 2 (2004) (Reissued new version in 2014)
Tomorrow Never Knows (2015) (single, Beatles cover)
Illusion of Truth (2016)
Book of Reflections
Book of Reflections (2004)
Chapter II: Unfold the Future (2006)
Relentless Fighter (2012)
Astral Groove
Astral Groove (1995)
Eli
Darkness Will Fall (2008)
Roadhouse
Them Changes (single) (2015)
Tributes
Warmth in the Wilderness - A Tribute to Jason Becker (2001)
Warmth in the Wilderness - A Tribute to Jason Becker II (2002)
Beyond Inspiration - A Tribute to Uli Jon Roth (2001)
Blackmore's CastIe - A Tribute to Deep Purple and Rainbow (2003)
Give Us Moore - Gary Moore Tribute (2004)
The Spirit Lives On - The Music of Jimi Hendrix Revisited vol. I (2004)
The Spirit Lives On - The Music of Jimi Hendrix Revisited vol. II (2004)
Shawn Lane Remembered vol I (2004)
Embrace the Sun - Japan Earthquake Benefit Album (2011)
Lion Music Presents: Johann Sebastian Bach - Interpretations (2015)
Lion Music Presents: W. A. Mozart - Reincarnated (2015)
Lion Music Presents: Antonio Vivaldi - A New Season (2016)
Lion Music Presents: L.V. Beethoven - Ode to Perfection (2017)
Lion Music Presents: G.F. Handel - Baroque Passion (2017)
Others
"Various Artists - Dream Ballads (2001)
Lalu - Oniric Metal (2005)
Iron Mask - Shadow of the Red Baron (2010)
References
Sources
http://www.progpulse.com
External links
Lars-Eric Mattsson's official homepage
Lion Music
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Finnish rock guitarists
Finnish record producers
People from Åland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars%20Eric%20Mattsson |
Center of gravity (COG) is a military term that refers to the source of strength, balance, or stability necessary for a military force to maintain operation. Centers of gravity exist for all belligerents and at all tactical, strategic, and operational levels of war simultaneously. The concept was first developed by Carl von Clausewitz, a Prussian military theorist, in his work On War.
United States
The United States Department of Defense defines a COG as "the source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or will to act", although there has been a significant and widespread push to revert to a more classical, Clausewitzian interpretation of the phrase. There are twelve qualities of COGs the Joint Chiefs of Staff have doctrinally recognized:
Exists at each level of warfare
Mostly physical at operational and tactical levels
Is a source of leverage
Allows or enhances freedom of action
May be where the enemy’s force is most densely concentrated
Can endanger one’s own COGs
May be transitory in nature
Linked to objective(s)
Dependent upon adversarial relationship
Can shift over time or between phases
Often depends on factors of time and space
Contains many intangible elements at strategic level
The COG is the root enabler of the enemy's ability to interfere with friendly forces' mission, and vice versa. However, the various United States Armed Forces Service branches interpret this concept in different manners. Due to this size of the United States Army, it tends to recognize a COG as a combatant's strongest characteristic, capability, or locality. Conversely, the United States Marine Corps prefers to view a COG as the weakness of a combatant. For example, a counter-insurgency's COG may be defined as the entire host population, an external nation's support, or a core group of leaders/believers.
Center of Gravity Analysis
COG analysis helps to identify vulnerabilities and how an actor's will might be influenced to achieve objectives. Most modern systems of COG of analysis rely on the Joseph Strange's assessment framework of critical capabilities, critical requirements, and critical vulnerabilities. Critical capabilities are the primary abilities essential to the accomplishment of the mission. Critical requirements are essential conditions, resources, and means the COG requires to employ the critical capability. Critical vulnerabilities are aspects of critical requirements vulnerable to attack. The National Defense University (NDU) and Joint Forces Quarterly (JFQ) discuss three approaches to assessment of these critical factors:
Eikmeier method
Godzilla method
Critical Factors Analysis (CFA)
Both the Eikmeier and Godzilla methods provide testable criteria for measuring and assessing various factors in the analysis. Meanwhile, CFA uses a subjective system of "means, ways, and ends" to assess critical capabilities, critical requirements, and critical vulnerabilities.
Eikmeier Method
Identify the organization’s desired ends or objectives.
Identify the possible “ways” or actions that can achieve the desired ends. Select the way(s) that the evidence suggests the organization is most likely to use. Remember: Ways are actions and should be expressed as verbs. Then select the most elemental or essential action—that selection is the critical capability. Ways = critical capabilities.
List the organization’s means available or needed to execute the way/critical capability.
Select the entity (noun) from the list of means that inherently possesses the critical capability to achieve the end. This selection is the center of gravity. It is the doer of the action that achieves the ends.
From the remaining items on the means list, select those that are critical for execution of the critical capability. These are the critical requirements.
Complete the process by identifying those critical requirements vulnerable to adversary actions.
References
Notes
See also
United States Army Strategist
External links
Reining in” the Center of Gravity Concept
The Relevance of Carl Von Clausewitz in Operation Iraqi Freedom
Military strategy
Carl von Clausewitz | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20of%20gravity%20%28military%29 |
Forged by Fire is the third full-length album by Greek power metal band Firewind and their first released through Century Media. From this album onwards, Gus G is the sole ever-present in their professional discography, following the replacement of Stephen Fredrick with Chitral "Chity" Somapala. It is also the first album to feature keyboardist Bob Katsionis.
Track listing
All tracks composed by Gus G. and Chitral Somapala except where noted
"Kill to Live" – 3:41
"Beware the Beast" – 4:21
"Tyranny" – 3:29
"The Forgotten Memory" – 3:42
"Hate World Hero" – 5:38
"Escape from Tomorrow" – 3:51
"Feast of the Savages" (Instrumental) (Gus G.) – 4:21
"Burn in Hell" – 4:38
"Perished in Flames" – 4:52
"The Land of Eternity" – 5:53
"I Confide" – 5:05 (Japanese bonus track)
"Tyranny" (Ioannis Nikolaidis, Achilleas Kapahtsis) (Video clip)
"Making of/Burning the Earth Live" (Bob Katsionis) (Video clip)
Personnel
Band members
Chitral "Chity" Somapala – vocals, backing vocals
Gus G. – guitars, producing, engineering
Bob Katsionis – keyboards, album layout
Petros Christo – bass guitar
Stian L. Kristoffersen – drums
Guest musicians
James Murphy – guitar solo on "The Forgotten Memory"
Marty Friedman – guitar solos "Feast of the Savages"
Lisa Gelenberg – backing vocals
Johannes Nimtz – backing vocals
Markus Teske – backing vocals
Technical staff
Patrik J. Sten – mixing
Fredrik Nordström – assistance
Christian Schmidt – mastering
R.D. Liapakis – mastering
Markus Teske – engineering
Espen Mjoen – engineering
Kazuo Hakamada – artwork
OB Solutions – photography
Footnotes
Firewind albums
Century Media Records albums
2005 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forged%20by%20Fire |
National Democratic Youth Front is a youth organisation in Nepal. It is the student wing of the Constitutional monarchist Rastriya Prajatantra Party.
References
Youth wings of political parties in Nepal
Youth wings of conservative parties
Rastriya Prajatantra Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Democratic%20Youth%20Front |
Vincent Malone (11 September 1931 – 18 May 2020) was an English prelate of the Catholic Church. He was the Auxiliary Bishop emeritus of the Archdiocese of Liverpool.
Life
Malone was born in Liverpool, educated at St Francis Xavier's College, and ordained to the priesthood on 18 September 1955, in Old Swan. On 13 May 1989, he was appointed Titular Bishop of Abora and Auxiliary Bishop of Liverpool. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 3 July from Archbishop Derek Worlock, with Bishops Kevin O'Connor and John Rawsthorne serving as co-consecrators.
In 2003 Malone wrote a contribution for Healing Priesthood: Women's Voices Worldwide, in which he argued that women should be allowed to hear confessions and absolve penitents, on the grounds that some Catholics might prefer to confess their sins to a woman.
The Vatican officially announced that on 26 October 2006, Malone was to retire from his post in Liverpool. As with all bishops, he was required to submit his letter of retirement to Pope Benedict XVI upon reaching age 75. He continued to be a Vicar General, a member of the Archbishop's council, and a trustee of the Archdiocese. Moreover, although he no longer carried out formal parish visitations, Malone continued to celebrate the Sacrament of Confirmation.
Malone died on 18 May 2020, aged 88, at the Royal Liverpool Hospital, after testing positive for COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic in England.
References
1931 births
2020 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops of Liverpool
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in England
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in England
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in England
People educated at St Francis Xavier's College, Liverpool | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20Malone |
Thomas Anthony Williams (born 10 February 1948) is an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Until his retirement on 25 March 2023 he served as Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Liverpool.
Early life and ministry
Born on Shrove Tuesday, 10 February 1948, in Liverpool, Tom Williams entered Junior Seminary to train for the priesthood at Christleton Hall, Chester in 1961 before studying at the English College in Lisbon, Portugal, from September 1966 to 1971. He completed his studies at St Joseph's College, Upholland. Williams was ordained to the priesthood on 27 May 1972, at the Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King, by Archbishop George Andrew Beck.
He served at several parishes, including: St Francis of Assisi, Garston; Sacred Heart, Liverpool (where he was also Chaplain to the Royal Liverpool Hospital); Our Lady of Walsingham, Netherton; Our Lady Immaculate, Liverpool and St Anthony's, Scotland Road, Liverpool.
Episcopal career
On 15 April 2003, Williams was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Liverpool and Titular Bishop of Mageo by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 27 May from Archbishop Patrick Kelly, with Bishops Vincent Malone and Augustine Harris serving as co-consecrators.
On 27 May 2012 Bishop Williams celebrated the Ruby Jubilee of his ordination to the Priesthood. It also marked the ninth anniversary of his Episcopal Ordination as Bishop of Mageo and Auxiliary Bishop of Liverpool in the same Cathedral by Archbishop Patrick Kelly on 27 May 2003.
As Auxiliary Bishop of Liverpool he also served as Chair of the Healthcare Reference Group of the Bishops' Conference of England and Wales.
At 12.00 noon, Rome time, on Saturday 25 March, it was published by the Holy See that the Holy Father Francis accepted the resignation of Bishop Tom Williams from the office of Auxiliary Bishop of Liverpool upon reaching the age of 75 years. Bishop Williams will now be known as Auxiliary Bishop Emeritus.
Honours
He was awarded the Freedom of the City of Liverpool on 30 September 2021.
References
External links
Catholic-Hierarchy website: Bishop Thomas Williams
Archdiocese of Liverpool Website
1948 births
Living people
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in England
Roman Catholic bishops of Liverpool
English College, Lisbon alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Williams%20%28bishop%29 |
The Fox Theater in Spokane, Washington is a 1931 Art Deco movie theater that now serves as a performing arts venue and home of the Spokane Symphony. It was designed by architect Robert C. Reamer, notable for his design of the Old Faithful Inn in Yellowstone National Park. It was part of the Fox Film Corporation Empire founded by studio mogul William Fox. The theater opened September 3, 1931 and showed films continuously until it closed September 21, 2000 after an engagement of the movie Gladiator starring Russell Crowe.
History
Planning and construction
In 1927 rumors began circulating that William Fox's expanding Fox Film Corporation was to build an "million dollar movie palace" in downtown Spokane when an agent of the West Coast Company purchased 2/3 of the city block abutting Sprague Avenue and Monroe Street. The area was already home to a wide variety of theaters at the time but the area lacked a theater from a major motion picture house and distributor.The Spokesman-Review published initial depictions of the proposed atmospheric theater, which was designed in a "Hispano-Italian" architectural style by John Eberson. However, the project was delayed due to the financial difficulties of Fox Film Corporation following the 1929 stock market crash and the companies subsequent reorganization as Fox West Coast Studios and no construction had commenced other than cleaning and clearing the work site. The site of the theater was to be on the southeast corner of Sprague Avenue and Monroe Street where Louie Adams' old beer parlor had been located. When Fox took over the companies operations in 1928, he reiterated support for the motion picture project in Spokane in several press releases in 1928 and 1929, including renderings of a new design, but the site remained vacant. Behind the scenes however, Fox West Coast Theater Corporation had set aside funding worth $15 million dollars for new expansion projects and in late 1929 hired Robert Reamer as architect to work on the Spokane project and releasing another rendering of the theater in the Spokesman-Review on January 5, 1930. Reamer's previous theater work included the 5th Avenue Theatre in Seattle and the Mount Baker Theatre in Bellingham, Washington and the design in the newspaper resembled the latter. Reamer is also notable for his design of the Old Faithful Inn in Yellowstone National Park. The Spokane firm, Whitehouse & Price were brought on as associate architects and Los Angeles interior designer, Anthony Heinsbergen was retained to work on the interior of the theater. A final rendering of the new theater was released in the July 1, 1930 edition of the Spokane Daily Chronicle showing a more "modernistic" Art Deco design that was becoming increasingly popular at the time and represented a sharp departure from the revivalist designs shown to the public in all previous press releases.
Construction finally started in early 1930 and employed 200 people; the structures footprint, which included attached retail spaces, occupied the majority of a city block and was constructed using poured concrete. All the exterior façades and trim on the rectangular shaped building are concrete and were poured and completed in ten days using innovative construction techniques. On the exterior of the building are incised bas-relief ornamentation, with stylized eagles on its Sprague Avenue façade and butterflies fronting Monroe Street. During the Depression Era, a move to the Art Deco style was seen as a more cost effective way to decorate the building by reducing construction costs from expensive plasterwork and fixtures associated with a revivalist architectural style. The budget for the project had been reduced to $750,000, which showed up in the form of a more simple and boxy exterior shell and a lobby with less ornamentation than in the designs shown in the newspaper.
Heinsbergen's decorations and interior appointments were a fusion of the rectangular angles associated with the Art Deco movement and the classical flowing style of Art Nouveau. The Spokane Fox theaters motif is derived from a Hollywood interpretation of art deco, which was a synthesis of the modernist and art nouveau movements of Europe in the late 1800s. Based on the buildings use of geometry, symmetry, style and use of abstract art, the theater is also said to derive influence from the Cubism and Fauvism styles as well as Persian and other exotic architectural styles.
The carpeting represents the ocean and the first floor and lobby signify an underwater seascape while the second floor and balcony illustrates treetops, and the roof has ornamentation representing celestial bodies. Heinsbergen's work in the theater represents two mural styles, with more elaborate three-dimensional imagery and the more artistic and simplistic two-dimensional designed murals and have been said to evoke children's book illustrations of the time. The centerpiece of the theaters interior was a wide light fixture made of etched glass and plaster in the shape of a sunburst, it was accompanied by nine smaller chandeliers representing the stars of the universe.
As a movie palace built at the end of the vaudeville and silent film era, it was designed to accommodate live stage acts in addition to movies. The theater was outfitted with a movie screen, a full height proscenium stage, stage house, orchestra pit, and dressing rooms, fly system, and Wurlitzer pipe organ. From the entrance, the theater has two lobbies on opposite ends of the building which lead to ornately decorated hallways that provide access to the auditorium's main floor, halfway down the hallway and opposite to the main floor entrance is an exit to a pair of grand staircases that provides access to the mezzanine and balcony levels.
The buildings cost of construction was popularly publicized as being , with actual cost estimates at the projects completion being placed at for the land, for construction, and for equipment and furnishings. Upon completion, executives at Fox told reporters the theater as the most artistic and modern theater in the Fox Theater chain.
Grand opening and first decades
The Fox Theater opened with seating for 2,350 patrons (1,450 on the ground floor and 900 in the balcony) on September 3, 1931. Anita Page, Mitzi Green, George O'Brien, Victor McLaglen and El Brendel attended the opening performance gala. A crowd of onlookers estimated to be as much as 20,000 people crowded the streets outside the theater to see a free of charge outside show and catch a glimpse of the celebrities in attendance as they were escorted from the Davenport Hotel. The public was surprised at the sight of the buildings sleek modern art deco exterior, which was in stark contrast to the Italianate renderings that were shown in the Spokesman-Review in years prior. The interior decorations were singled out for praise in contemporary newspaper accounts. Wilbur Hindley at the Spokesman-Review commented that the design was "so unusual, so bizarre and so futuristic that the casual passerby catches his breath in surprise and wonder;" the design utilized aluminum and glass as opposed to the traditional marble and wood in the interior décor, which included embellishments like hand painted murals of undersea plants and etched glass light panels.
The Fox opened with a live production of Fanchon and Marco's About Town variety show followed by the film Merely Mary Ann. Ticket holders also got to see acts by Laurel and Hardy and a performance by the Fox Theater Orchestra. This mix of alternating traditional vaudeville style live entertainment and trendy Hollywood talkies was part of the theaters initial long-term business strategy and reflected the evolving tastes of the public. Movies had become a low cost escape from the challenges of the Great Depression. The variety shows were phased out after a couple years owing to the public favoring movies over stage productions, but the Fox continued to show live performances as it remained the primary performing arts venue in Spokane for its first few decades.
The theater began hosting its long running "Community Concerts" performances in 1934 which would bring in nationally touring musicians to the Fox and in 1935 it staged a performance by the Hoboken Four which included Frank Sinatra. In 1937, one of Spokane's most famous residents, Bing Crosby hosted a national talent show at the Fox.
In film, the theater showed Disney's box-office record breaking film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, setting a 7-day attendance record with 40,000 admissions in 1938; which was quickly outdone in 1939 by Gone With the Wind, which would stand until 1943 when a showing of the musical, This Is the Army surpassed it.
Multiplex and Decline
The theater added a bigger screen, 3-D effects, and a CinemaScope projector in 1953, then showing its first 3-D film, Bwana Devil later that year.
The Wurlitzer 3-manual, 13-rank theatre organ installed when the building was constructed in 1931 was removed in 1961. In May of that year, the Fox Theater sold it to a Los Angeles-area collector, who disassembled it and had it shipped to California, the process of dismantling the organ took approximately one week. Starting in 1968, the theater began to augment its motion picture programming with live performances by the Spokane Symphony, which became a tenant in the building until 1974 when they moved to the newly built Spokane Opera House. A new sound shell was installed for the symphony. Not long after in 1969, the theater discontinued its long running Community Concerts series that it had hosted since 1934 that had brought in many big names over the years such as Vladimir Horowitz, Yehudi Menuhin, Marian Anderson, Arthur Rubinstein, Rudolf Serkin, Jascha Heifetz, Glenn Gould, Isaac Stern, and Leontyne Price. The Fox Theater subdivided its main screen and opened as a three-screen complex (with one main screen downstairs and two balcony screens upstairs) on 14 November 1975. In 1989, the theater began showing second-run movies at per ticket. Nine chandeliers were removed from the ceiling to accommodate the change.
When Regal Cinemas built the new 12-screen megaplex at NorthTown Mall, it sold half of its eight Spokane theaters, including the Fox. The final movie, a screening of Gladiator, was shown on 21 September 2000, and a small ceremony before the showing marked the sale of the theater to the Spokane Symphony, where representatives of Regal Cinemas and the Spokane Symphony exchanged a symbolic $1.3 million check for the keys to the theater.
Michelle Obama, wife of the 2008 Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama held a rally campaigning for her husband's presidential campaign on February 8, 2008.
Fundraising and restoration
The adjacent Spokane Club sought to purchase and demolish the building to build a parking garage. Although the club had entered into negotiations with the then-owners, Regal Cinemas, they had not signed a contract and the Club dropped its plans to purchase the theater and supported the Spokane Symphony's bid when they learned they were interested in the site for a concert hall. The theater was saved when the Spokane Symphony signed a contract to purchase it for million in June 2000. Once the Symphony determined whether the renovations were feasible and the funds could be raised, it began an extensive "Save the Fox" fund raising campaign to raise the budget needed for restoration. Myrtle Woldson gifted the campaign $1 million and then followed that up with a challenge to match a $2 million donation. About a quarter of the restoration funds were raised from federal and state sources, $8 million from various programs including a Save America's Treasures grant and $2.5 million allocated from the Washington state legislature. Prominent architectural features were renamed in honor of significant donors. The theater dedicates a "Walk of Stars" along Sprague Avenue and Monroe Street to acknowledge the donations and contributions of those who support the theater and symphony. The theater was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 30, 2001.
The restoration designer was NAC Architecture of Spokane and the contractor on the project was Walker Construction of Spokane. Restorers catalogued, cleaned, painted, and re-created lost architectural details and lighting fixtures. Some external building modifications were made during the renovation. A donation of vacant land by the Cowles family allowed the stage area to be enlarged on the west side of the theater and a new concrete bulwark was erected there and a refabricated vertical marquee was created to sit atop the building. The original proscenium stage was converted to a thrust stage.
Internally, partitions that were installed in 1975 which converted the theater into a multiplex were removed and the creation of an inner lobby reduced the seating from 2,350 to 1,727 and a hole had to be cut into the buildings south face to allow the installation of new steel structural beams into the attic to support the equipment required for modern amenities. Restoration specialists from EverGreene Architectural Arts were brought on to restore Heinsbergen's interior designs as well as the sunburst and chandelier light fixtures. Upgrades to the theater included installing heating and air conditioning systems and soundproofing the venue to make the acoustics suitable for a symphony. The buildings original glass work was cleaned and some replicated using relearned techniques; the metal framework in the leaded glass in the building was replaced using a shiny and reflective zinc to maintain an art deco aesthetic.
The total cost of the renovations was $31 million and it was completed in November 2007. The project later received a national preservation award in 2010 by the National Trust for Historic Preservation.
The theater was renamed the Martin Woldson Theater at The Fox in honor of Myrtle Woldson's railroad pioneer father, who contributed $3 million towards the renovations.
It re-opened as the home of the Spokane Symphony on November 17, 2007, presided over by Washington Governor Christine Gregoire. The re-opening included a special celebration featuring a performance by Tony Bennett on November 19, 2007. The meticulous restoration was documented in the KSPS-TV film "Spokane's 21st Century Fox".
References
External links
Official Website
PBS Documentary "Spokane's 21st Century Fox"
Spokesman-Review picture slideshow of the Fox Theater Grand Opening
Art Deco architecture in Washington (state)
Cinemas and movie theaters in Washington (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Spokane, Washington
National Register of Historic Places in Spokane County, Washington
Buildings and structures in Spokane, Washington
Tourist attractions in Spokane, Washington
Theatres on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington (state)
Theatres completed in 1931
Robert Reamer buildings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%20Theater%20%28Spokane%2C%20Washington%29 |
Wintergreen, written in 1987, is a book by Robert Michael Pyle. It describes the devastation caused by unrestrained logging in Washington's Willapa Hills. It was also the winner of the John Burroughs Medal for Distinguished Nature Writing.
Environmental non-fiction books
1987 non-fiction books
1987 in the environment | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wintergreen%20%28book%29 |
King Koopa's Kool Kartoons is a local, American live-action children's television show broadcast in Southern California during the Autumn of 1989. The show was produced by DIC Entertainment in association with Fox Television Studios for the Fox television station KTTV - 11 Los Angeles by Gerry Passwho developed and rolled out the Fox Kids Cluband DIC Animation City, in association with Nintendo. It was a live-action spin-off to The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!, a popular animated show based on the Super Mario video games. The show was discontinued after 65 episodes.
The show stars King Koopa, based on an animated version of Bowser, the central arch-villain from the Mario video game series. The 30-minute wrap around program was originally broadcast during late afternoon time slots, normally around 4:30pm to 5:30pm on the Los Angeles-based television channel KTTV Fox 11.
Format
The format of the show was one of the last in the tradition of classic children's television shows in the vein of Bozo the Clown: the show would begin with the same pre-recorded theme song and lead into a live studio audience of around 40 to 60 children bussed in from around Los Angeles at the beginning of the show. The audience of children were all given special hats shaped like Koopa heads and T-shirts with "Koopa's Troopas" printed on them (the children would actually get to keep the shirts, but the troopa helmets, as they called them, were claimed by the producers at the end of the taping and reused every show). Koopa would then start talking to the audience with a different theme every day.
The live-action Koopa would then act as emcee, introducing old, public domain animated cartoon shorts, wrapped around different live-action segments, including a segment with Ratso, King Koopa's pet rat, a segment with Koopa reading fanmail, a segment with Mr. Mean Jeans, and a joke segment. King Koopa would then end the show by telling the audience to be a good Koopa Troopa or he would "Koopa Youpa'. After that, he would give contestants prizes with an envelope given by Ratso, King Koopa's pet rat.
Production
The show featured an actor in a King Koopa costume similar to one previously used in the Super Mario Bros.-themed Ice Capades show, only with a more detailed mask to make the actor look more believable on television. The actor playing Koopa (originally Chris Latta, later Pat Pinney) performed the role with a gruff, gravel-voiced faux-malevolence that ultimately revealed a hesitantly nice personality.
Unlike any previous appearance, King Koopa was seen with a pet creature named Ratso that best resembled a mix of dog and weasel with the large ears of a bat. Ratso had his own special "theater" where kids could also claim prizes (in which he was played by a puppet). Koopa would be seen walking Ratso on a leash in the pre-recorded opening and closing credit sequences (where he was played by a dog in a costume).
Partway through the series' production, Chris Latta was fired and replaced after a string of incidents occurred, including an altercation where Latta's own son was among the child audience. Additionally, after the firing of Latta, children noticed the difference between Latta and replacement actor Pat Pinney and would insult Pinney, or call him an imposter.
The entire 65 episodes of King Koopa's Kool Kartoons was produced and developed over the course of 13 weeks before being quietly cancelled.
Cancellation
Despite high ratings and viewership, King Koopa's Kool Kartoons was not renewed for a second season. The full reasoning behind the show's cancellation is unknown, but is partially accredited by former writer Christopher Brough to be a formal invitation from the then-president of The Walt Disney Company, Michael Eisner to Fox Kids to cancel the cartoon.
The show was later aired in the United Kingdom via The Children's Channel throughout the remainder of 1990.
Reception
Reception of the show among children was overwhelmingly positive, but the show was not received very well by parents, as an angry letter from the Los Angeles Times newspaper shows. However, in a "Viewers' View" column in the Los Angeles Times, a parent wrote that the show's portrayal of King Koopa was "frightening for small children", implying a mixed reception.
In 1990, the program was nominated as the best youth program for the Los Angeles local Emmy Awards.
Legacy
Due to King Koopa's Kool Kartoon's one-time broadcast format, the show has become one of DIC Entertainment's and Nintendo's famous examples of lost media, and efforts to preserve the show have been ongoing. A YouTuber called Thomas Game Docs explored this topic in a video he uploaded, explaining it's history.
References
External links
http://www.imdb.me/gerrypass?ref_=pro_nm_nav_ov_vanity
Television series based on Mario
1980s American children's comedy television series
1980s American sketch comedy television series
1980s American variety television series
1989 American television series debuts
American television spin-offs
American television shows based on video games
American television shows featuring puppetry
Children's sketch comedy
Local children's television programming in the United States
Television series by DIC Entertainment
Television series by DHX Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20Koopa%27s%20Kool%20Kartoons |
Patrick Altham Kelly PHL KC*HS (born 23 November 1938) is an English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the archbishop emeritus of the Archdiocese of Liverpool following his resignation which took effect on 27 February 2013; he was formerly Vice President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales.
Early life
Kelly was born in Morecambe, Lancashire, educated at Preston Catholic College, and was ordained to the priesthood on 18 February 1962, at the Venerable English College, in Rome.
Parishes
Kelly taught systematic theology in Oscott Seminary and later became rector of the latter in 1978.
On 9 March 1984, Kelly was appointed Bishop of Salford by Pope John Paul II. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 3 April from Bishop Thomas Holland, with archbishops Derek Worlock and Maurice Couve de Murville serving as co-consecrators. Kelly was appointed Archbishop of Liverpool by Pope John Paul II on 21 May 1996.
In early 2012, Kelly celebrated the Golden Jubilee of his ordination to the sacred priesthood, commencing with an intimate Mass at the local Carmelite convent and followed the next day by a Solemn Mass at Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral. The Mass was attended by Roman Catholic clergy, including cardinals Cormac Murphy-O'Connor and Jean-Louis Tauran. The papal nuncios to Britain and Guatemala, archbishops Mennini and Gallagher were also in attendance; alongside Cardinal (then Archbishop) Vincent Nichols.
In his spare time the Archbishop enjoys listening to classical music and attending concerts, especially those given by the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra.
On the morning of Monday 10 December 2012, Kelly was admitted to hospital after suffering from a mild stroke, his condition was described as 'comfortable'
Subsequent suffering from the stroke, Kelly was advised to take a long period of convalescence which he did in Lancashire, North West England. Despite having a year left in office before he was due to tender his official resignation, it was announced on Monday 7 January 2013, that Kelly had submitted his resignation to Pope Benedict XVI, who accepted Kelly's resignation on 27 February 2013. On 21 March 2014, Malcolm McMahon, formerly Bishop of Nottingham, was appointed by Pope Francis to succeed Kelly.
SSPX
Kelly was opposed to making agreements with the Society of Saint Pius X in the hopes of better defending the legacy of the Second Vatican Council.
References
External links
Profile at Catholic Hierarchy website
1938 births
Living people
People from Morecambe
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in England
21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the United Kingdom
Roman Catholic archbishops of Liverpool
English people of Irish descent
Roman Catholic bishops of Salford
English College, Rome alumni
British Roman Catholic archbishops | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Kelly%20%28archbishop%20of%20Liverpool%29 |
Contraband was a short-lived supergroup/side project that included members of several famous rock bands from the 1980s, such as Shark Island, McAuley Schenker Group, Ratt, L.A. Guns, and Vixen.
Contraband came to be after a Vixen and Ratt unplugged session on MTV.
The band released only one self-titled album in 1991 which received lukewarm reviews. The album was a commercial failure and the band disbanded shortly after, while touring with Ratt. The song "Loud Guitars, Fast Cars & Wild, Wild Livin'" was included in the movie If Looks Could Kill soundtrack. In the US, the album charted at number 187. Their cover version of "All the Way from Memphis" appeared on the UK record chart in July 1991. "Loud Guitars, Fast Cars & Wild, Wild Livin'" was later covered as "Loud Guitars, Fast Cars & Wild, Wild Women" by Blue Tears later in the early 1990s and released for the 2005 album Dancin' On the Back Streets.
Band members
Richard Black (Shark Island) – vocals
Michael Schenker (McAuley Schenker Group) – guitars, backing vocals
Tracii Guns (L.A. Guns) – guitars, backing vocals
Share Pedersen (Vixen) – bass guitar, backing vocals
Bobby Blotzer (Ratt) – drums, backing vocals
Contraband (1991)
Track listing
Credits
Spencer Sercombe – guitars, backing vocals, musical director
Steffan Presley – keyboards
Kevin Beamish – backing vocals, producer, engineer, mixing
Randy Nicklaus – producer, mixing
Joe Barresi – engineer
Steve Hall – mastering
See also
List of glam metal bands and artists
References
1991 debut albums
Glam metal musical groups from California
Hard rock musical groups from California
Heavy metal musical groups from California
Heavy metal supergroups
Impact Records albums
Musical groups established in 1990
Musical groups from Los Angeles
Albums recorded at Sound City Studios | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraband%20%28band%29 |
Petros Christodoulidis (), born March 4, 1975, in Greece, is the current bass player of the Power metal band Firewind. He has also played in Breaking Silence. He is the owner of The Wet Match Cafe, which was known as Emerald Cafe in the past, in his home town, Thessaloniki.
Footnotes
Firewind members
1975 births
Living people
Heavy metal bass guitarists
Greek bass guitarists
Musicians from Thessaloniki
21st-century bass guitarists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petros%20Christo |
Oxxo (stylized as OXXO) is a Mexican chain of convenience stores, with over 21,000 stores across Latin America, as well as in the United States and parts of Europe. It is the largest chain of convenience stores in Latin America. Its headquarters are in Monterrey, Nuevo León.
It is wholly owned by the beverage company FEMSA (Fomento Económico Mexicano).
History
OXXO was founded in Monterrey in 1976. In the first stores, the only products sold were beer, snacks and cigararettes. The success of the stores was such that the project kept growing and OXXO built new locations rapidly, becoming ubiquitous in Mexican cities and towns.
The first official OXXO store was opened in 1979 in Monterrey. OXXO stores then spread to Chihuahua, Hermosillo and Nuevo Laredo. Throughout the eighties, OXXO gained fame in the cities where it was established. In 1998, the 1000th store was opened. On July 6, 2010, the opening of the 9000th store, in Oaxaca, was announced. With Mexico liberalizing its oil and gas market, OXXO has started to open gas stations as well. The first station opened in San Pedro Garza Garcia. In 2019, Oxxo Gas aimed to rebrand 49 additional stations, mostly in Monterrey, that were operating under the Pemex name.
As of 2014, Oxxo was reported to have more than 15,000 stores across Mexico. In the same year, a partnership between Oxxo and Amazon was announced, involving Amazon accepting Oxxo's prepaid debit cards as a payment method, and Amazon gift cards being sold at Oxxo stores.
Gallery
See also
Convenience stores
List of companies of Mexico
References
External links
OXXO official site
OXXO Inmuebles official site
Retail companies established in 1977
Convenience stores
Retail companies of Mexico
Companies based in Monterrey
Mexican companies established in 1977
Automotive fuel retailers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OXXO |
Freeway (originally UniQorn) is a WYSIWYG web design application for Mac OS X developed by the British company Softpress Systems.
UniQorn
Freeway is based on a pre-Mac OS X desktop publishing application called UniQorn, designed to rely on the new QuickDraw GX, and developed by Softpress in 1995. It was designed to copy QuarkXPress. UniQorn 1.1 added support for exporting its documents to the web by producing a Java applet, and version 1.2 made QuickDraw GX optional.
It was discontinued when Apple stopped supporting QuickDraw GX in Mac OS 8, and replaced by Freeway.
Freeway
The idea behind Freeway is to offer a tool to design websites using an interface very similar to that of Desktop publishing applications like QuarkXPress or Adobe InDesign, without the need to dig into the HTML and JavaScript code. More advanced website features, like connecting to a database, are managed through plug-ins called "Actions". Many commonly used Actions are bundled with Freeway itself, like a suite of Actions that lets the user create a shopping cart through the Mals e-commerce system.
Freeway produces syntactically valid HTML code and Cascading Style Sheets, making it usable in situations where valid HTML code is obligatory. Versions of Freeway from 4.3 onwards also create HTML and CSS that correct many rendering problems with Internet Explorer 6 on Windows.
Freeway Express
Freeway Express appeared around the same time as version 3.5. It is a more entry level version of Freeway aimed at home users and priced accordingly compared to the Pro version. Version 6 for Freeway Expres became the freeware version of Freeway Pro.
Reception
While presenting favourably to QuarkXPress users with a familiar user experience, Freeway HTML capabilities were often compared to GoLive CyberStudio or Dreamweaver, outlining the latter had better HTML editing.
- Freeway 1.0 got mice (out of 5) from Macworld in February 1998, praising the ease of use despite the limited HTML capabilities, and the missing features that the competition offers.
- Freeway 2.0 got mice (out of 5) from Macworld in May 1999, citing the familiarity of use for QuarkXPress users and the good support for CSS and JavaScript, while outlining the lack of access to the HTML output. MacAddict in July 1999 additionally found its retail price too high.
- Freeway 3.0 got 3 mice (out of 5) from Macworld in September 2000, outlining the improvements, but still citing the lack in HTML import, the lack of external style sheet, and the non-validating generated HTML markup. For Freeway 3.5.5, MacAddict gave a 3 (out of 5) solid rating in February 2003.
- Freeway 4 Pro got (out of 5) rating from Macworld in February 2006, praising the "no HTML experience required" approach while noting the difficulty for an experienced web designer to adjust to it.
- Freeway 5 Pro got 4 (out of 5) with a great rating from MacLife in September 2008, praising its ease of use, standard compliant code and excellent documentation while being limited with HTML hand coding.
Discontinuation
On July 4, 2016, Softpress announced the end of development on Freeway and other software products via a post on the homepage stating, "The end of Softpress Systems Ltd. has come. It has become clear that our prospects, both in terms of current revenue and new product development, are insufficient to sustain the company as a viable entity going forward."
At the start of 2017 the author of Freeway announced the resumption of Softpress' business without dedicated staff technical support. It currently offers five products: Freeway, Freeway Express, Chroma (for selecting color palettes), Exhibio (photo gallery creation), and Fretspace (for creating chord diagrams).
Freeway no longer runs on macOS Catalina or later as Apple deprecated support for its 32-bits API. It is being replaced by Xway.
References
Further reading
External links
Softpress Systems Homepage
MacOS-only proprietary software
Web development software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeway%20%28software%29 |
Simone Spoladore (born 29 October 1979) is a Brazilian actress. Her first film role was Ana in To the Left of the Father.
Spoladore won the Gramado Film Festival’s award for Best Actress in 2010.
Filmography
To the Left of the Father (2001)
Desmundo (2002)
The Year My Parents Went on Vacation (2006)
Elvis & Madonna (2010)
Southwest (2012)
Television
Os Maias (2001) – Young Maria Monforte
Esperança (2002) – Caterina
América (2005) – Helô
O Profeta (2006) – Luci
Bela, a Feia (2009) – Verônica Matoso / Veronica Matoso
Vidas em Jogo (2011) – Andrea Vasconcellos
Magnifica 70 (2015–16) – Dora Dumar
References
External links
1979 births
Brazilian people of Italian descent
Living people
Actresses from Curitiba
21st-century Brazilian actresses
Brazilian film actresses
Brazilian telenovela actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone%20Spoladore |
Rangpur is an ancient archaeological site in Surendranagar district near Vanala on Saurashtra peninsula in Gujarat, western India. Lying on the tip between the Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kutch, it belongs to the period of the Indus Valley civilization, and lies to the northwest of the larger site of Lothal. It is the type site for the Rangpur culture, a regional form of the late phase of the Indus Valley Civilization that existed in Gujarat during the 2nd millennium BCE.
Excavation
Rangpur culture: Based on the distinct pottery excavated here, it was identified as a separate culture or subculture.
Trail Diggings were conducted by the Archeological Survey of India (ASI) during 1931 led by M.S.Vats. Later, Ghurye (1939), Dikshit (1947) and S. R. Rao (1953–56) excavated the site under ASI projects.
S.R.Rao has classified the deposits into four periods with three sub periods in Harappan Culture, Period II with an earlier Period, Microlithic and a Middle Paleolithic State (River sections) with points, scrapers and blades of jasper.
The dates given by S.R.Rao are:
Period I - Microlithis unassociated with Pottery : 3000 BC
Period II - Harappan : 2000–1500 BC
Period II B - Late Harappan : 1500–1100 BC
Period II C - Transition Phase of Harappa : 1100–1000 BC
Period III - Lustrous Red Ware Period : 1000-800 BC.
Architecture and town planning
Acacia wood was used in Rangpur for construction, tools and furniture.
Artefacts found
Dishes with beaded rim and grooved shoulder, painted black - and redware and high-necked jars. Evidence of shell working found. Other artifacts found at the site include axes, beads of steatite and carnelian and Earthen wares.
Cultivation
Large quantity of plant remains were found at Rangpur. Bajra,
rice
(Period IIA) and Millet (Period HI) were found.
Diet
People of Rangpur culture used rice and bajra for food. They also used to consume milk and curds from their domesticated animals.
See also
Bet Dwarka
Chronological dating
Phases in archaeology
Pottery in the Indian subcontinent
List of Indus Valley Civilization sites
Periodisation of the Indus Valley Civilisation
Ahar-Banas culture
Late Harappan Phase of IVC (1900 - 1500 BCE)
Cemetery H culture in Punjab
Jhukar-Jhangar culture in Punjab
Rangpur culture in Gujarat
References
Further reading
Indus Valley civilisation sites
History of Gujarat
Archaeological sites in Gujarat
Monuments of National Importance in Gujarat
Villages in Surendranagar district | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangpur%2C%20Gujarat |
Young Liars is the first major release by the New York City band TV on the Radio. Released in 2003 on Touch & Go Records, the EP helped establish the band's distinctive blending of electronica, doo wop, post-rock, and avant-garde styles.
The release featured the single "Staring at the Sun," which would later be remixed and reissued in their full-length album Desperate Youth, Blood Thirsty Babes. It contains an a cappella version of "Mr. Grieves," which was originally a rock song by Pixies, from the album Doolittle.
Track listing
"Satellite" – 4:33
"Staring at the Sun" – 4:01
"Blind" – 7:15
"Young Liars" – 5:12
"Mr. Grieves" – 4:10
Charts
References
2003 debut EPs
TV on the Radio albums
Touch and Go Records EPs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%20Liars |
Thermodynamic diagrams are diagrams used to represent the thermodynamic states of a material (typically fluid) and the consequences of manipulating this material. For instance, a temperature–entropy diagram (T–s diagram) may be used to demonstrate the behavior of a fluid as it is changed by a compressor.
Overview
Especially in meteorology they are used to analyze the actual state of the atmosphere derived from the measurements of radiosondes, usually obtained with weather balloons. In such diagrams, temperature and humidity values (represented by the dew point) are displayed with respect to pressure. Thus the diagram gives at a first glance the actual atmospheric stratification and vertical water vapor distribution. Further analysis gives the actual base and top height of convective clouds or possible instabilities in the stratification.
By assuming the energy amount due to solar radiation it is possible to predict the 2 m (6.6 ft) temperature, humidity, and wind during the day, the development of the boundary layer of the atmosphere, the occurrence and development of clouds and the conditions for soaring flight during the day.
The main feature of thermodynamic diagrams is the equivalence between the area in the diagram and energy. When air changes pressure and temperature during a process and prescribes a closed curve within the diagram the area enclosed by this curve is proportional to the energy which has been gained or released by the air.
Types of thermodynamic diagrams
General purpose diagrams include:
PV diagram
T–s diagram
h–s (Mollier) diagram
Psychrometric chart
Cooling curve
Indicator diagram
Saturation vapor curve
Thermodynamic surface
Specific to weather services, there are mainly three different types of thermodynamic diagrams used:
Skew-T log-P diagram
Tephigram
Emagram
All three diagrams are derived from the physical P–alpha diagram which combines pressure (P) and specific volume (alpha) as its basic coordinates. The P–alpha diagram shows a strong deformation of the grid for atmospheric conditions and is therefore not useful in atmospheric sciences. The three diagrams are constructed from the P–alpha diagram by using appropriate coordinate transformations.
Not a thermodynamic diagram in a strict sense, since it does not display the energy–area equivalence, is the
Stüve diagram
But due to its simpler construction it is preferred in education.
Another widely-used diagram that does not display the energy–area equivalence is the θ-z diagram (Theta-height diagram), extensively used boundary layer meteorology.
Characteristics
Thermodynamic diagrams usually show a net of five different lines:
isobars = lines of constant pressure
isotherms = lines of constant temperature
dry adiabats = lines of constant potential temperature representing the temperature of a rising parcel of dry air
saturated adiabats or pseudoadiabats = lines representing the temperature of a rising parcel saturated with water vapor
mixing ratio = lines representing the dewpoint of a rising parcel
The lapse rate, dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR) and moist adiabatic lapse rate (MALR), are obtained. With the help of these lines, parameters such as cloud condensation level, level of free convection, onset of cloud formation. etc. can be derived from the soundings.
Example
The path or series of states through which a system passes from an initial equilibrium state to a final equilibrium state and can be viewed graphically on a pressure-volume (P-V), pressure-temperature (P-T), and temperature-entropy (T-s) diagrams.
There are an infinite number of possible paths from an initial point to an end point in a process. In many cases the path matters, however, changes in the thermodynamic properties depend only on the initial and final states and not upon the path.
Consider a gas in cylinder with a free floating piston resting on top of a volume of gas at a temperature . If the gas is heated so that the temperature of the gas goes up to while the piston is allowed to rise to as in Figure 1, then the pressure is kept the same in this process due to the free floating piston being allowed to rise making the process an isobaric process or constant pressure process. This Process Path is a straight horizontal line from state one to state two on a P-V diagram.
It is often valuable to calculate the work done in a process. The work done in a process is the area beneath the process path on a P-V diagram. Figure 2 If the process is isobaric, then the work done on the piston is easily calculated. For example, if the gas expands slowly against the piston, the work done by the gas to raise the piston is the force F times the distance d. But the force is just the pressure P of the gas times the area A of the piston, F = PA. Thus
W = Fd
W = PAd
W = P(V2 − V1)
Now let’s say that the piston was not able to move smoothly within the cylinder due to static friction with the walls of the cylinder. Assuming that the temperature was increased slowly, you would find that the process path is not straight and no longer isobaric, but would instead undergo an isometric process till the force exceeded that of the frictional force and then would undergo an isothermal process back to an equilibrium state. This process would be repeated till the end state is reached. See figure 3. The work done on the piston in this case would be different due to the additional work required for the resistance of the friction. The work done due to friction would be the difference between the work done on these two process paths.
Many engineers neglect friction at first in order to generate a simplified model. For more accurate information, the height of the highest point, or the max pressure, to surpass the static friction would be proportional to the frictional coefficient and the slope going back down to the normal pressure would be the same as an isothermal process if the temperature was increased at a slow enough rate.
Another path in this process is an isometric process. This is a process where volume is held constant which shows as a vertical line on a P-V diagram. Figure 3 Since the piston is not moving during this process, there is not any work being done.
References
The Physics of Atmospheres by John Houghton, Cambridge University Press 2002. Especially chapter 3.3. deals solely with the tephigram.
German version of Handbook of meteorological soaring flight from the Organisation Scientifique et Technique Internationale du Vol à Voile (OSTIV) (chapter 2.3)
Further reading
Handbook of meteorological forecasting for soaring flight WMO Technical Note No. 158. especially chapter 2.3.
External links
www.met.tamu.edu/../aws-tr79-006.pdf A very large technical manual (164 pages) how to use the diagrams.
www.comet.ucar.edu/../sld010.htm A course on how to use diagrams at Comet, the 'Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education and Training'.
Thermodynamics
Diagrams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic%20diagrams |
Frederick Michael Cusick (November 7, 1918 – September 15, 2009) was an American ice hockey broadcaster who served as the Boston Bruins play-by-play announcer from 1971 until 1997 on WSBK-TV (Channel 38) in Boston, and from 1984 until 1995 on NESN. Counting his radio broadcasts, he was a Bruins' announcer for an unprecedented 45 years, and was an active sports announcer for over seven decades. He is best known for yelling "SCORE!" when a Boston player scored a goal.
Biography
Early life and career
Fred Cusick was born in the Brighton section of Boston. A graduate of (and former hockey player at) Northeastern University in Boston, Cusick began broadcasting sports at WCOP in Boston in 1941 while a senior at Northeastern, crediting his hockey background as the entree to the position. He subsequently went into the United States Navy in World War II, rising to lieutenant in command of a subchaser. After the war, he worked for several radio stations, hosting the popular Irish Hour on WVOM in Brookline, which focused on sports, especially hockey. After a brief time in Washington during the Korean War and upon the retirement of Bruins' radio broadcaster Frank Ryan, Cusick – paired with ex-Bruin Jack Crawford – became the radio play-by-play broadcaster of the Bruins from 1952 to 1963, during which time he was also Sports Director for WEEI radio in Boston.
He was the announcer for the first US network NHL broadcast (CBS-TV in January 1957); he spent four years in all working the NHL Game of the Week for CBS.
1960s-1970s
Fred Cusick was the color commentator on WEEI for the very first game of the fledgling American Football League, a Friday night contest between the Denver Broncos and the Boston Patriots on September 9, 1960, at Nickerson Field on the campus of Boston University. He served as the color man for Patriots radio between 1960 and 1964. He also had a notable interview with golfing legend Francis Ouimet in 1963, on the fiftieth anniversary of Ouimet's 1913 U.S. Open victory. It is the only video interview of Ouimet in existence.
In the early 1960s, Cusick was responsible for getting Boston Bruins' games on local television on a regular basis. In 1963, Bruins CEO Weston Adams asked Fred and producer/director Neal P. Cortel to arrange the first-ever live telecast of a Bruins game from the old Boston Garden. The experimental telecast was wildly popular, and later during the 1963/1964 season, Fred hosted the Sunday morning rebroadcasts of edited CBC Television tapes of Saturday night Bruins games in Montreal and Toronto; they were flown back overnight with the team, then seen first at 9 am on WMUR-TV in Manchester, New Hampshire, and WTEV-TV (now WLNE-TV) in the Providence/New Bedford market (the signal[s] of which covered some of the Boston area), and then at 1 pm on the old WHDH-TV (now WCVB-TV) in Boston, WWLP-TV in Springfield, and WRLP-TV in Northampton. Fred's telecasts were enormously popular, and within a few years, games would be shown live on WKBG and later began a long run at WSBK-TV.
From 1969 through 1971, Cusick was the radio voice of the Boston Bruins on WBZ-AM 1030 (Bob Wilson replaced him on WBZ-AM starting in 1972) when they reached the pinnacle of their popularity, winning their first Stanley Cup in 29 years in 1970, and setting a regular-season record for points and goals scored in 1970–71. His broadcasting partners were former NHL players Johnny Peirson in 1969–70 and Cal Gardner in 1970–71.
In 1971, Cusick returned to TV, succeeding Don Earle, who had been hired by WSBK when they began covering the Boston Bruins, as play-by-play man for Bruins' games on WSBK with Peirson as his color man; when NESN was formed in 1984, he did double duty for 11 years, calling games for both channels, first with Johnny Peirson and later both Derek Sanderson and Dave Shea. In his last years before he retired from broadcasting the Bruins, he did games only on WSBK.
1980s-1990s
He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in the first wave of media honorees in 1984, and in that year was also named the first winner of the Foster Hewitt Memorial Award (along with Danny Gallivan, Rene Lecavalier and Hewitt himself), "in recognition of members of the radio and television industry who made outstanding contributions to their profession and the game during their career in hockey broadcasting." He has also won the Lester Patrick Trophy in 1988 for outstanding service to hockey in the United States.
It was Cusick who did the television play-by-play of the last Bruins' game at the old Boston Garden (a pre-season game against Montreal in 1995) and the first Bruins' game in the FleetCenter, the 1995–96 season-opener against the New York Islanders.
2000s
After retiring from the Bruins' broadcasts in 1997, he began broadcasting home games for the AHL Lowell Lock Monsters with former Bruin Brad Park as his partner. He retired for good as a hockey sportscaster after the 2002 season at the age of 83.
In 2007, he returned to the broadcast booth as the Cape Cod Baseball League game of the week play-by-play announcer on WBZ (AM) Radio.
His autobiography, Fred Cusick: Voice of the Bruins (), was published in October 2006.
Death
Fred Cusick died in his sleep on September 15, 2009, at his home in Barnstable, Massachusetts, from complications of bladder cancer. The following day he was posthumously inducted into the Massachusetts Broadcasters Hall of Fame, an honor he had been scheduled to receive before his death.
References
External links
Fred Cusick's official site
From Cape Cod League website
1918 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from bladder cancer
Deaths from cancer in Massachusetts
National Hockey League broadcasters
Boston Bruins announcers
Lowell Lock Monsters
Lester Patrick Trophy recipients
Sportspeople from Boston
Boston Patriots announcers
New England Patriots announcers
New York Giants announcers
American Football League announcers
Northeastern University alumni
Foster Hewitt Memorial Award winners
Baseball announcers
American Hockey League broadcasters
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy officers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Cusick |
Bhagatrav () is a minor archaeological site belonging to the Indus valley civilization. Excavated by the Archaeological Survey of India led by Dr. S. R. Rao, Bhagatrav is located in Hansot (51 km away from Surat) taluka of Bharuch district in south Gujarat, near the coastline with the Arabian Sea, and gives access to the agate-bearing mines and forested hills of the valleys of the rivers Narmada and Tapti.
Port
Bhagatrav seems to have been an important port, as Lothal. However, backwaters of sea and floods from Kim river has washed out the site to a large extent and only peripheral area is left for exploration and for eight months in a year, the site is surrounded by water.
The number of lead pieces, many earth samples with rich iron contents, stone beads, evidences of production of glazed ware (pottery) are found. It may have been a trading port contemporary to Lothal.
Significance
It is observed that flood was one of the reasons for decline/destruction of some Harappan settlements such as Bhagatrav, Lothal, Rangpur, Desalpur, Chanhu-daro etc.
This is one of southernmost Harappan settlements and the distance between Manda, Jammu (one of northernmost Harappan settlement located in Jammu and Kashmir) and Bhagatrav is about 1350 km.
See also
List of Indus Valley Civilization sites
References
External links
IVC sites Map
Indus Valley civilisation sites
Archaeological sites in Gujarat
Geography of Gujarat
Tourist attractions in Gujarat | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhagatrav |
Eagle Rock Entertainment is an international producer and distributor of music films and programming. It operates two record labels (Eagle Records and Armoury Records), a full-service production company (Eagle Rock Productions) and a music publishing subsidiary (Eagle-i Music).
History
Eagle Rock Entertainment was founded in April 1997 by Terry Shand, Geoff Kempin and Julian Paul, three former colleagues at Castle Communications, with capital coming from BMG. It was later acquired by Edel Records and in 2001 entirely sold to the British investment company HgCapital for £34 million. In 2007 a minority stake was re-acquired by Edel AG. The Eagle Vision division was established in 2000. Eagle Rock Entertainment's headquarters are in London with offices in New York and affiliate offices around the world. In April 2014, Eagle Rock Entertainment was acquired by Universal Music Group. Universal Music's purchase of Eagle followed that of much of EMI. Terry Shand continues to lead the company as chairman and CEO from its headquarters in London. In 2020, Universal Music established Mercury Studios which absorbed Eagle Rock Entertainment.
Awards
The company won a Grammy Award for The Doors documentary When You're Strange in 2010.
See also
List of record labels
References
External links
Record labels established in 1997
IFPI members
British record labels
Music publishing companies of the United Kingdom
Labels distributed by Universal Music Group | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle%20Rock%20Entertainment |
The Equator Principles is a risk management framework adopted by financial institutions, for determining, assessing and managing environmental and social risk in project finance. It is primarily intended to provide a minimum standard for due diligence to support responsible risk decision-making. As of March 2021, 116 financial institutions in 37 countries have officially adopted the Equator Principles, covering the majority of international project finance debt in emerging and developed markets. The Equator Principles, formally launched in Washington, D.C., on June 4, 2003, were based on existing environmental and social policy frameworks established by the International Finance Corporation.
The standards have subsequently been periodically updated into what is commonly known as the International Finance Corporation Performance Standards on social and environmental sustainability and on the World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines. The Equator Principles have recently been revised and the third iteration of the Equator Principles was launched on June 4, 2013. The reviewed fourth iteration of the Equator Principles were published in July 2020.
The Equator Principles apply globally, to all industry sectors and (within EPIII) to four financial products:
1) Project Finance Advisory Services
2) Project Finance
3) Project-Related Corporate Loans and
4) Bridge Loans.
The relevant thresholds and criteria for application are described in detail in the Scope section of the Equator Principles. Equator Principles Financial Institutions (EPFIs) commit to implementing the EP in their internal environmental and social policies, procedures and standards for financing projects and will not provide Project Finance or Project-Related Corporate Loans to projects where the client will not, or is unable to, comply with the Equator Principles. While the Equator Principles are not intended to be applied retroactively, EPFIs apply them to the expansion or upgrade of an existing project where changes in scale or scope may create significant environmental and social risks and impacts or significantly change the nature or degree of an existing impact.
The Equator Principles have greatly increased the attention and focus on social/community standards and responsibility, including robust standards for indigenous peoples, labor standards, and consultation with locally affected communities within the Project Finance market. They have also promoted convergence around common environmental and social standards. Multilateral development banks, including the European Bank for Reconstruction & Development, and export credit agencies through the OECD Common Approaches are increasingly drawing on the same standards as the Equator Principles.
The Equator Principles have also helped spur the development of other responsible environmental and social management practices in the financial sector and banking industry and have provided a platform for engagement with a broad range of interested stakeholders, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs), clients and industry bodies.
Members and reporting
As of April 2017, 89 financial institutions in 37 countries have officially adopted the Equator Principles.
The principles
Principle 1: Review and Categorisation
Principle 2: Environmental and Social Assessment
Principle 3: Applicable Environmental and Social Standards
Principle 4: Environmental and Social Management System and Equator Principles Action Plan
Principle 5: Stakeholder Engagement
Principle 6: Grievance Mechanism
Principle 7: Independent Review
Principle 8: Covenants
Principle 9: Independent Monitoring and Reporting
Principle 10: Reporting and Transparency
Criticism
NGOs have generally welcomed the Principles, but some have expressed criticism over their integrity.
A common criticism is that the Principles will not make a real difference. This criticism argues the case of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline, which, in 2004, was financed by eight Equator Principles' banks and the IFC despite an NGO assessment that found 127 alleged breaches. The banks and IFC said they were confident that the Equator Principles were followed, and said an independent consultant had confirmed this assessment.
Another criticism was that the banks might lobby the IFC to weaken its standards on which the Principles are based. The banks point out that IFC revised and strengthened its policies in 2006 and that the banks correspondingly strengthened the Equator Principles in the same year. Other criticisms include alleged lack of enforcement and accountability, free-riders, and that the scope of the principles is limited to project finance only. Several banks have sought to address these concerns by publishing summaries of their Equator Principles screening, including the number of projects they turned down for noncompliance.
In 2005 some NGOs said that one of the adopting banks, ABN AMRO (before it was split up in 2010), was the most climate-unfriendly bank in the Netherlands, with estimated annual indirect CO2 emissions of almost 250 million tonnes in 2005 from industries to which it provides financial services. NGOs said this was just over the annual -emissions of the Netherlands and almost 1% of the total annual worldwide CO2 emissions at the time. ABN AMRO defended its environmental record and announced steps to reduce its direct emissions, but some NGOs say it is the indirect emissions through their clients that make global banks such important targets in climate change.
Following the Dakota Access Pipeline protests, investors learned that 13 of the 17 banks that financed the Dakota Access Pipeline were signatories to the Equator Principles. Despite concerns being raised that the project could threaten the water supply from Lake Oahe and the Missouri River if a leak occurred, project financing was still approved.
See also
Corporate social responsibility
Cross-sector biodiversity initiative
Environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG)
Ethical banking
Ethical investing
Socially responsible investing
Special purpose entity
References
External links
Official website of the Equator Principles.
BTC Project is the First Major Test of the Equator Principles Equator Principles website discussion of the BTC project criticism.
ABN AMRO report on its application of the Equator Principles to the BTC pipeline project.
IFC BTC Oil Pipeline Project - IFC Response to ESIA Public Comments IFC rebuttal of NGO criticism of its environmental and social assessment of the BTC pipeline project.
Z | ADMIN The Equator Principles and IFC Performance Standards in Mining.
A Legal Guide - The Equator Principles
Review of the Equator Principles – Towards EP4
Ethical banking
Investment
Corporate social responsibility | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator%20Principles |
In computing, a threaded binary tree is a binary tree variant that facilitates traversal in a particular order (often the same order already defined for the tree).
An entire binary search tree can be easily traversed in order of the main key, but given only a pointer to a node, finding the node which comes next may be slow or impossible. For example, leaf nodes by definition have no descendants, so given only a pointer to a leaf node no other node can be reached. A threaded tree adds extra information in some or all nodes, so that for any given single node the "next" node can be found quickly, allowing tree traversal without recursion and the extra storage (proportional to the tree's depth) that recursion requires.
Threading
"A binary tree is threaded by making all right child pointers that would normally be null point to the in-order successor of the node (if it exists), and all left child pointers that would normally be null point to the in-order predecessor of the node."
This assumes the traversal order is the same as in-order traversal of the tree. However, pointers can instead (or in addition) be added to tree nodes, rather than replacing. Linked lists thus defined are also commonly called "threads", and can be used to enable traversal in any order(s) desired. For example, a tree whose nodes represent information about people might be sorted by name, but have extra threads allowing quick traversal in order of birth date, weight, or any other known characteristic.
Motivation
Trees, including (but not limited to) binary search trees, can be used to store items in a particular order, such as the value of some property stored in each node, often called a key. One useful operation on such a tree is traversal: visiting all the items in order of the key.
A simple recursive traversal algorithm that visits each node of a binary search tree is the following. Assume is a pointer to a node, or . "Visiting" can mean performing any action on the node or its contents.
Algorithm traverse():
Input: a pointer to a node (or )
If , return.
Else:
traverse(left-child())
Visit
traverse(right-child())
One problem with this algorithm is that, because of its recursion, it uses stack space proportional to the height of a tree. If the tree is fairly balanced, this amounts to space for a tree containing elements. In the worst case, when the tree takes the form of a chain, the height of the tree is so the algorithm takes space. A second problem is that all traversals must begin at the root when nodes have pointers only to their children. It is common to have a pointer to a particular node, but that is not sufficient to get back to the rest of the tree unless extra information is added, such as thread pointers.
In this approach, it may not be possible to tell whether the left and/or right pointers in a given node actually point to children, or are a consequence of threading. If the distinction is necessary, adding a single bit to each node is enough to record it.
In a 1968 textbook, Donald Knuth asked whether a non-recursive algorithm for in-order traversal exists, that uses no stack and leaves the tree unmodified. One of the solutions to this problem is tree threading, presented by Joseph M. Morris in 1979.
In the 1969 follow-up edition, Knuth attributed the threaded tree representation to Perlis and Thornton (1960).
Relation to parent pointers
Another way to achieve similar goals is to include a pointer in every node, to that node's parent node. Given that, the "next" node can always be reached. "right" pointers are still null whenever there are no right children. To find the "next" node from a node whose right pointer is null, walk up through "parent" pointers until reaching a node whose right pointer is not null, and is not the child you just came up from. That node is the "next" node, and after it come its descendants on the right.
It is also possible to discover the parent of a node from a threaded binary tree, without explicit use of parent pointers or a stack, although it is slower. To see this, consider a node k with right child r. Then the left pointer of r must be either a child or a thread back to k. In the case that r has a left child, that left child must in turn have either a left child of its own or a thread back to k, and so on for all successive left children. So by following the chain of left pointers from r, we will eventually find a thread pointing back to k. The situation is symmetrically similar when q is the left child of p—we can follow qs right children to a thread pointing ahead to p.
In Python:def parent(node):
if node is node.tree.root:
return None
x = node
y = node
while True:
if is_thread(y):
p = y.right
if p is None or p.left is not node:
p = x
while not is_thread(p.left):
p = p.left
p = p.left
return p
elif is_thread(x):
p = x.left
if p is None or p.right is not node:
p = y
while not is_thread(p.right):
p = p.right
p = p.right
return p
x = x.left
y = y.right
Types
Single threaded: each node is threaded towards either the in-order predecessor or successor (left or right).
Double threaded: each node is threaded towards both the in-order predecessor and successor (left and right).
The array of in-order traversal
Threads are reference to the predecessors and successors of the node according to an inorder traversal.
In-order traversal of the threaded tree is A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I, the predecessor of E is D, the successor of E is F.
Example
Let's make the Threaded Binary tree out of a normal binary tree:
The in-order traversal for the above tree is — D B A E C. So, the respective Threaded Binary tree will be --
Null links
In an m-way threaded binary tree with n nodes, there are n×m − (n−1)' void links.
References
External links
GNU libavl 2.0.2, Section on threaded binary search trees
Articles with example Python (programming language) code
Binary trees
Search trees | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threaded%20binary%20tree |
Rojdi is an archaeological site belonging to the Indus valley civilization. It is located on the northern bank of the Bhadar River in Gondal taluka of Rajkot district in central Saurashtra peninsula of Gujarat state in India. It was continuously occupied from 2500 BCE to 1700 BCE.
Chronology
The site was excavated for seven seasons between 1982 and 1995 by the Gujarat State Department of Archaeology and the University Museum at the University of Pennsylvania. The excavation confirmed three periods of occupation, called Rojdi A, B and C. Twenty radiocarbon dates have helped to estimate the chronology of Rojdi as follows:
Rojdi C 1900-1700 BCE
Rojdi B 2200-1900 BCE
Rojdi A 2500-2200 BCE
Architecture
Two large excavation areas have been exposed at Rojdi, which are known as the South Extension and the Main Mound. There was also a systematic excavation at an outer gateway and at an isolated structure at the northern slope of the site. All of these very finely preserved structures can be dated to Rojdi C period (early second millennium BCE). The houses in Rojdi were built on stone foundations, probably with mud walls above them. No bricks were found, baked or otherwise, in the excavations. No wells, bathing platforms and the associated street drains were found either.
The material culture
Much of the pottery found in Rojdi is a hard, red to buff ware made from well-prepared clay. The most frequently found vessel is the hemispherical red ware bowl, often with a stud handle, this accounts for over half of all shreds recovered from Rojdi. The pottery often has graffiti with signs from the Indus script, such as jar sign. There is also a short inscription in Harappan writing on the rim of a potshred. Five (four complete and one broken) copper or bronze flat axes were found, all belonged to Rojdi C period. Signs of industrial and manufacturing activities are absent in all phases at Rojdi. Its overall character suggests a farmer's village.
See also
Indus Valley civilization
List of Indus Valley Civilization sites
List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization
Hydraulic engineering of the Indus Valley Civilization
Notes
Archaeological sites in Gujarat | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rojdi |
Chelsea Football Club are an English professional association football club based in Fulham, London. The club was established in 1905 and plays its home games at Stamford Bridge.
Domestically, Chelsea have won six top-flight titles, eight FA Cups and five League Cups. In international competitions, they have won two UEFA Champions League titles, two UEFA Europa Leagues, two UEFA Cup Winners' Cups, two UEFA Super Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup. They are the first English club to win three main UEFA club competitions and are the only London club to win the UEFA Champions League. The club's record appearance maker is Ron Harris, who made 795 appearances between 1961 and 1980. Frank Lampard is Chelsea's record goalscorer, scoring 211 goals in total.
Honours
The first major trophy won by Chelsea came in 1955, when the team became national champions after winning the 1954–55 First Division title. In the 2009–10 season, Chelsea won their first and only double after winning both the Premier League and the FA Cup. Upon winning the 2012–13 UEFA Europa League, Chelsea became the fourth club in history to have won the "European Treble" of European Cup/UEFA Champions League, European Cup Winners' Cup/UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, and UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League. Their most recent success came in February 2022, when they won their first FIFA Club World Cup title.
Players
Appearances
Most appearances in all competitions: 795, Ron Harris (1961–1980)
Most league appearances: 655, Ron Harris (1961–1980)
Most FA Cup appearances: 64, Ron Harris (1961–1980)
Most League Cup appearances: 48, John Hollins (1963–1975 and 1983–1984) and Ron Harris (1961–1980)
Most appearances in UEFA competitions: 124, John Terry (1998–2015)
Most consecutive appearances: 167, John Hollins, 14 August 1971 – 25 September 1974
Most consecutive league appearances: 164, Frank Lampard, 13 October 2001 – 26 December 2005
Most appearances in a single season: 64, Juan Mata, Oscar and Fernando Torres, 2012–13
Most international caps while a Chelsea player: Frank Lampard, 104 for England
First Chelsea player to play for England: George Hilsdon, 16 February 1907
First Chelsea player to play for England at a World Cup: Roy Bentley, 1950 World Cup, 25 June 1950
First foreign (non-UK) player: Nils Middelboe (Denmark), 15 November 1913
Youngest player: Ian Hamilton, 16 years 138 days, vs. Tottenham Hotspur, First Division, 18 March 1967
Oldest player: Mark Schwarzer, 41 years and 218 days, vs. Cardiff City, Premier League, 11 May 2014
First substitute: John Boyle, who replaced George Graham vs. Fulham, First Division, 28 August 1965
Most appearances
Competitive matches only.
1 The "Other" column includes appearances in Charity/Community Shield, Football League play-offs, Full Members' Cup, UEFA Super Cup, and FIFA Club World Cup.
Goalscorers
Most goals in all competitions: 211, Frank Lampard (2001–2014)
Most goals in a season: 43, Jimmy Greaves (First Division, 1960–61)
Most goals in one match: 6, George Hilsdon v. Worksop Town, FA Cup, first round, 11 January 1908
Most goals in one final: 3, David Speedie v. Manchester City, Full Members' Cup final, 23 March 1986
Most league goals: 164, Bobby Tambling (1959–1970)
Most league goals in a season: 41, Jimmy Greaves, (First Division, 1960–61)
Most times top goalscorer: 8, Roy Bentley
Most league goals in one match:
5, George Hilsdon v. Glossop, Second Division, 1 September 1906
5, Jimmy Greaves v. Wolverhampton Wanderers, First Division, 30 August 1958
5, Jimmy Greaves v. Preston North End, First Division, 19 December 1959
5, Jimmy Greaves v. West Bromwich Albion, First Division, 3 December 1960
5, Bobby Tambling v. Aston Villa, First Division, 17 September 1966
5, Gordon Durie v. Walsall, Second Division, 4 February 1989
Most Premier League/First Division goals: 147, Frank Lampard (2001–2014)
Most Premier League goals in a season: 29, Didier Drogba (2009–10)
Most Premier League goals in one match:
4, Gianluca Vialli v. Barnsley, Premier League, 24 August 1997
4, Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink v. Coventry City, Premier League, 21 October 2000
4, Frank Lampard v. Derby County, Premier League, 12 March 2008
4, Frank Lampard v. Aston Villa, Premier League, 27 March 2010
Most FA Cup goals: 26, Frank Lampard (2001–2014)
Most FA Cup goals in a season: 8, Peter Osgood, (1969–70)
Most FA Cup goals in one match: 6, George Hilsdon v. Worksop Town, FA Cup, first round, 11 January 1908
Most FA Cup Final goals: 4, Didier Drogba (2004–2012, 2014–15)
Most League Cup goals: 25, Kerry Dixon (1983–1992)
Most League Cup goals in a season: 8, Kerry Dixon, (1984–85)
Most League Cup goals in one match: 4, Kerry Dixon v. Gillingham, League Cup, first round (first leg), 13 September 1983
Most League Cup Final goals: 4, Didier Drogba (2004–2012, 2014–15)
Most Cup Final goals: 9, Didier Drogba (2004–2012, 2014–15)
Most European goals: 36, Didier Drogba (2004–2012, 2014–15)
Most European goals in a season: 11, Olivier Giroud (2018–19 UEFA Europa League)
Most European goals in one match: 5, Peter Osgood v. Jeunesse Hautcharage, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, first round (second leg), 29 September 1971
Most hat-tricks: 13, Jimmy Greaves, (1957–1961)
Most international goals while a Chelsea player: Didier Drogba, 45 for Ivory Coast
Oldest goalscorer: Dick Spence, 38 years 282 days v. Wolverhampton Wanderers, First Division, 26 April 1947
Youngest goalscorer: Ian Hamilton, 16 years 138 days v. Tottenham Hotspur, First Division, 18 March 1967
Fastest goalscorer: 12 seconds, Keith Weller v. Middlesbrough, League Cup, 7 October 1970
Most different goalscorers in a season: 21 (during the 2021–22 season)
Overall scorers
Competitive matches only. Appearances in parentheses.
1 The "Other" column includes goals in Charity/Community Shield, Football League play-offs, Full Members' Cup, UEFA Super Cup, and FIFA Club World Cup.
Award winners
Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year
The following players have won the Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year award while playing for Chelsea:
Gianfranco Zola – 1996–97
Frank Lampard – 2004–05
Eden Hazard – 2014–15
N'Golo Kanté – 2016–17
PFA Players' Player of the Year
The following players have won the PFA Players' Player of the Year award while playing for Chelsea:
John Terry – 2004–05
Eden Hazard – 2014–15
N'Golo Kanté – 2016–17
PFA Young Player of the Year
The following players have won the PFA Young Player of the Year award while playing for Chelsea:
Scott Parker – 2003–04
Eden Hazard – 2013–14
Premier League Player of the Season
The following players have won the Premier League Player of the Season award while playing for Chelsea:
Frank Lampard – 2004–05
Eden Hazard – 2014–15
N'Golo Kanté – 2016–17
Premier League Playmaker of the Season
The following players have won the Premier League Playmaker of the Season award while playing for Chelsea:
Eden Hazard – 2018–19
Premier League Golden Boot
The following players have won the Premier League Golden Boot award while playing for Chelsea:
Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink – 2000–01
Didier Drogba – 2006–07
Nicolas Anelka – 2008–09
Didier Drogba – 2009–10
Premier League Golden Glove
The following goalkeepers have won the Premier League Golden Glove award while playing for Chelsea:
Petr Čech – 2004–05
Petr Čech – 2009–10
Petr Čech – 2013–14
Thibaut Courtois – 2016–17
Transfers
Where the report mentions an initial fee potentially rising to a higher figure depending on contractual clauses being satisfied in the future, only the initial fee is listed in the tables.
Highest transfer fees paid
Highest transfer fees received
Managerial records
First full-time manager: John Tait Robertson, from August 1905 to November 1906
First foreign (non-UK) manager: Ruud Gullit (Netherlands), from 10 May 1996 to 12 February 1998
Longest-serving manager: David Calderhead – (1 August 1907 to 8 May 1933)
Most successful manager: José Mourinho (won eight trophies in two spells as manager, 2004–2007 and 2013–2015)
Highest winning percentage (minimum 10 games managed): Guus Hiddink (first spell), 74%
Lowest winning percentage (minimum 10 games managed): Frank Lampard (second spell), 9%
Club records
Attendances
Highest home attendance (estimate): 100,000, against Dynamo Moscow, 13 November 1945
Highest home attendance (official): 82,905, against Arsenal, First Division, 12 October 1935
Highest home attendance (Second Division): 67,000, against Manchester United, 13 April 1906
Highest home attendance (FA Cup): 77,952, against Swindon Town, 13 March 1911
Highest home attendance (League Cup): 43,330, against Tottenham Hotspur, 22 December 1971
Highest home attendance (Europe): 59,541, against Milan, 16 February 1966
Highest season home aggregate: 1,014,352 (1954–55 season)
Highest league home average: 48,302 (1954–55 season)
Highest attendance for any match: 105,826, against Real Madrid, Michigan Stadium, United States, 30 July 2016
Highest away attendance: 98,436, against Barcelona, UEFA Champions League Round of 16 second leg, 7 March 2006
Lowest home attendance: 2,000, against Leeds United, Premier League, 5 December 2020
Highest average attendance in English football: 1907–08, 1909–10, 1911–12, 1912–13, 1913–14, 1919–20, 1921–22, 1923–24, 1925–26, 1954–55
Source:
Firsts
First match: Chelsea v. Stockport County, Second Division, 2 September 1905
First win: Chelsea v. Liverpool, friendly match, 4 September 1905
First competitive goalscorer: John Robertson, v. Blackpool, Second Division, 9 September 1905
First FA Cup match: Chelsea v. First Grenadier Guards, first qualifying round, 7 October 1905
First FA Cup match (proper): Chelsea v. Lincoln City, first round, 12 January 1907
First League Cup match: Chelsea v. Millwall, first round, 10 October 1960
First European match: Chelsea v. BK Frem, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, 30 September 1958
First Cup Winners' Cup match: Chelsea v. Aris, first round, 16 September 1970
First UEFA Champions League match: Chelsea v. Skonto Riga, third qualifying round, 11 August 1999
First UEFA Champions League match (proper): Chelsea v. Milan, first group stage, 15 September 1999
First FA Cup winners at the new Wembley Stadium: Chelsea v. Manchester United, 2007 FA Cup Final, 19 May 2007
First domestic double: Chelsea v. Portsmouth, 2010 FA Cup Final, 15 May 2010 (also winning the 2009–10 Premier League)
The first team to score 100 Premier League goals in a season: 2009–10 Premier League season
The first English team to qualify for the UEFA European Cup, winning the 1954–55 First Division (Chelsea were not allowed to participate by the Football Association)
The first London based team to win the UEFA Champions League: 2011–12 season
The first UEFA Champions League title holders to get knocked out in the group stage the following year: 2012–13 season
The first English team to win all three major UEFA competitions
The first UEFA Champions League title holders to win the UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League the following year: 2012–13 season
The first team in history of the European competitions to be holders of the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League at the same time (winning the 2013 UEFA Europa League Final on 15 May 2013, and still being holders of the 2011–12 UEFA Champions League until 25 May 2013)
The first team to go 18 successive UEFA Europa League matches without defeat since the competition was rebranded in 2009–10
The first team in Premier League history to have two different hat-trick scorers in a single campaign aged 21 or under
The first top-flight team in history to win 30 games in a 38-game season: 2016–17 Premier League season
The first team to win 15 away matches in a Premier League season: 2004–05 season
The first team to win 18 home matches in a Premier League season: 2004–05 season
The first team to win against every other team at least once in a Premier League season: 2005–06 season
Results
Wins
Record win: 13–0 v. Jeunesse Hautcharage, 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup, 29 September 1971
Record league win: 8–0 v. Wigan Athletic, Premier League, 9 May 2010 and 8–0 v. Aston Villa, Premier League, 23 December 2012
Record FA Cup win: 9–1 v. Worksop Town, first round, 11 January 1908
Record League Cup win: 7–0 v. Doncaster Rovers, third round, 16 November 1960
Record European win: 13–0 v. Jeunesse Hautcharage, 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup, 29 September 1971
Record European win (away): 0–8 v. Jeunesse Hautcharage, 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup, 15 September 1971
Record Champions League win (home): 6–0 v. Maribor on 21 October 2014 and v. Qarabağ on 12 September 2017
Record Champions League win (away): 0–5 v. Galatasaray on 20 October 1999 and v. Schalke 04 on 25 November 2014
Most consecutive league wins: 13, 1 October 2016 – 31 December 2016
Longest sequence without a league win: 21, 3 November 1987 – 2 April 1988
Most league wins in a season: 30 in 38 matches, Premier League, 2016–17
Fewest league wins in a season: 5 in 42 matches, First Division, 1978–79
Draws
Highest scoring draw: 5–5
Bolton Wanderers v. Chelsea, 30 October 1937, First Division
Chelsea v. West Ham United, 17 December 1966, First Division
Most league draws in a season: 18 in 42 matches, First Division, 1922–23
Longest sequence of league draws: 6, 20 August 1969 – 13 September 1969
Unbeaten
Longest sequence of unbeaten matches:
21, 10 June 2004 – 11 September 2004
23, 23 January 2007 – 13 April 2007
23, 4 April 2009 – 23 September 2009
23, 4 May 2014 – 6 December 2014
Longest sequence of unbeaten league matches: 40, 23 October 2004 – 29 October 2005
Longest sequence of unbeaten home matches in Premier League: 86, 20 March 2004 – 26 October 2008
Losses
Record defeat: 1–8 v. Wolverhampton Wanderers, First Division, 26 September 1953
Record Premier League defeat: 0–6 v. Manchester City, 10 February 2019
Record FA Cup defeat:
1–7 v. Crystal Palace, third qualifying round, 18 November 1905
0–6 v. Sheffield Wednesday, second round replay, 5 February 1913
Record League Cup defeat: 2–6 v. Stoke City, third round replay, 22 October 1974
Record European defeat: 0–5 v. Barcelona, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, semi-final replay, 25 May 1966
Record Champions League defeat: 1–5 (after extra time) v. Barcelona, quarter-final second leg, 18 April 2000
Longest sequence of league defeats: 7, 1 November 1952 – 20 December 1952
Most league defeats in a season: 27 in 42 matches, First Division, 1978–79
Fewest league defeats in a season: 1 in 38 matches, Premier League, 2004–05
Goals
Most goals scored in one match: 13 v. Jeunesse Hautcharage, 1971–72 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, 29 September 1971
Most goals conceded in one match: 8 v. Wolverhampton Wanderers, First Division, 26 September 1953
Most league goals scored in one season: 103 in 38 matches, Premier League, 2009–10
Fewest league goals scored in one season: 31 in 42 matches, First Division, 1923–24
Most league goals conceded in one season: 100 in 42 matches, First Division, 1960–61
Fewest league goals conceded in one season: 15 in 38 matches, Premier League, 2004–05
Fewest league goals conceded at home in one season: 6 in 19 matches, Premier League, 2004–05
Fewest league goals conceded away in one season: 9 in 19 matches, Premier League, 2004–05
Most goal scorers in a single game (league): 7 v. Aston Villa, Premier League, 23 December 2012
Points
Most points earned in a season (3 for a win): 99 in 46 matches, Second Division, 1988–89
Fewest points earned in a season (3 for a win): 42 in 40 matches, First Division, 1987–88
Most points earned in a season (2 for a win): 57 in 38 matches, Second Division, 1906–07
Fewest points earned in a season (2 for a win): 20 in 42 matches, First Division, 1978–79
Clean sheets
Most clean sheets in one season: 34 in 59 matches, 2004–05
Fewest clean sheets in one season: 2 in 47 matches, 1960–61
Most league clean sheets in one season: 25 in 38 matches, Premier League, 2004–05
Fewest league clean sheets in one season: 1 in 42 matches, First Division, 1960–61
Longest run without a clean sheet: 31 games, November 1960 – August 1961
Most consecutive league clean sheets during a season: 10, 18 December 2004 – 12 February 2005
Most clean sheets by an individual goalkeeper: 228, Petr Čech (2004–2015)
Most clean sheets by an individual goalkeeper in one season: 28, Petr Čech, 2004–05
Most Premier League clean sheets by an individual goalkeeper in one season: 24, Petr Čech, 2004–05
Most consecutive clean sheets by an individual goalkeeper: 9, William Foulke, 1905–06
Most overall clean sheets in Premier League: 162, Petr Čech (2004–2015)
Penalties
Most penalties saved: 9, Reg Matthews
Most penalties scored by a single player: 49, Frank Lampard
National/European records
Fewest goals conceded in a league season: 15 in 38 matches, Premier League, 2004–05 (English top flight record)
Fewest goals conceded away in a league season: 9 in 18 matches, Premier League, 2004–05 (English top flight record)
Most consecutive clean sheets at the start of a season: 6, 14 August 2005 – 17 September 2005 (English top flight record)
Longest sequence of unbeaten home league matches: 86, 21 February 2004 – 26 October 2008 (English record)
Most clean sheets in a season: 25, 2004–05 (Premier League record)
Most goals scored at home in a league season: 68, 2009–10 (Premier League record)
Most consecutive league away wins: 11, 5 April 2008 – 22 December 2008 (Premier League joint record)
Most home wins in a league season: 18, 2005–06 (Premier League joint record)
Fewest home draws in a league season: 0, 2016–17 (Premier League joint record)
Most consecutive wins from start of a season: 9, 2005–06 (Premier League record)
Most days spent in first place in a season: 274 days, 2014–15 (Premier League record)
Fewest goals conceded for a team winning the Champions League: 4 in 13 games, 2020–21 (European record)
Highest aggregate scoreline in European competition: 21–0, v Jeunesse Hautcharage, 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup, 29 September 1971 (joint record)
Fewest goals conceded in a Champions League group stage campaign: 1, 2005–06 (joint record)
Most Champions League games played in the knockout phase by an English club: 77 matches
Most Champions League round of 16 appearances by an English club: 17 appearances
Most Champions League round of 16 aggregate wins by an English club: 11 wins
Most Champions League quarter-final aggregate wins by an English club: 8 wins
Most Champions League semi-finals appearances by an English club: 8 appearances
Most consecutive Europa League matches without defeat: 18 matches
Only team to score at least 4 goals in a Europa League final
Longest unbeaten run in the FA Cup: 29 matches (excluding penalty shoot-outs)
See also
Chelsea F.C. in international football
List of Chelsea F.C. managers
References
General
Specific
Chelsea
Records and Statistics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Chelsea%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics |
The Tariq-class destroyers were a class of guided missile destroyers of the Pakistan Navy. They were acquired from the British Royal Navy in 1993–94. The Tariqs were formerly commissioned in the Royal Navy's Surface Fleet as Type 21 (Amazon-class) frigates, a general purpose frigate in the Royal Navy.
The British frigates were immediately acquired when the United States refused to renew the lease of the four and four s, due to the enforcement of the Pressler Amendment. requiring Pakistan to return the vessels to the United States at the end of their five-year lease.
Upon acquisition, all six frigates were reconfigured to enhance their engineering design and construction and military software updates that feature Swedish technology, giving them missile launching capability. Following these upgrades, the ships were reclassified as destroyers.
In 2008, the Pakistan Navy had carried out a successful test of the Camcopter S-100, an unmanned aerial vehicle, from the flight deck of a Tariq-class destroyer. The Tariq-class destroyers are currently in process of phasing out from their services, and are now all decommissioned from its military service as of 2023.
Negotiation and procurement
Procurement of Type 21 frigates dates back to 1966 when the UK first made an offer to Pakistan to jointly build three Type 21 frigates. The Ayub administration rejected the proposal as they wanted to allocate the funds to acquire s from France. Since 1966, the Pakistan Navy had wanted to acquire Type 21 frigates from the UK, submitting several proposals to the Government of Pakistan for acquiring the Type 21 frigates in 1970s.
In 1987–88, Admiral Tariq Kamal Khan entered into negotiations with the Royal Navy and began lobbying the Zia administration for releasing the funds to acquire the Type 21 frigates in 1988.
Despite the initial efforts with the Royal Navy, the Pakistan Navy leased four and four from the United States Navy in 1988; the selection was based on technological evaluation and Pakistani military specifications. The lease was set for five years with an option of renewing or purchasing the lease afterwards based on the mutual understanding between two nations.
After the enforcement of the military embargo by the United States Congress in 1994, the lease was not renewed, therefore, the eight warships had to be returned to the United States Navy in Singapore, resulting Pakistan's sea borders vulnerable to foreign activities.
During this time, Admiral Saeed Mohammad Khan used his personal relations with the British Admiral of the Fleet Sir Julian Oswald, who helped him negotiate with the British government to immediately procure and acquire the six remaining Type 21 frigates from the British in 1993–94.
The Pakistan Ministry of Defence authorized the purchase of the Type 21 frigates from the United Kingdom for US$60 million, and reportedly spent nearly the same amount on converting and modernizing the warships from general purpose frigates to destroyer standards.
On 1 November 1993, the lead ship, Tariq (formerly HMS Ambuscade), reported to the naval base in Karachi and the transfer of all warships was completed on 1 January 1995. The induction of the Tariq-class destroyers marked the replacement of the Garcia and Brooke-class frigates in the Pakistan Navy's surface command.
Modernization
In 2002, it was reported that Pakistan had spent additional US$60 million to modernize the Tariq-class fleet according their Navy's specification from the general purpose frigates to the combat variant destroyer standards. In the service of the Royal Navy, the Seacat, Exocet, torpedo tubes, and Lynx helicopters were distinct features in the Amazon/Type 21 frigates. With the Pakistan Navy's service, Exocet and the Seacat missiles were removed as well as torpedo tubes which were subsequently removed in all warships with the exception made in Badr and Shah Jahan.
The weapon systems and computers fitted in the Tariqs features Swedish technology. The flight deck and the Lynx helicopters remained with the Tariqs and arrived in Karachi with their respective warships.
The Royal Navy did not transfer the Exocet and Seacat missiles that were replaced with the Chinese-made LY-60 SAM system. Instead, the more capable U.S.-built Harpoon missiles were installed to replace the British weapon systems. Extensive installation of computer software and missile deployments allowed the classification of Tariq from the DDE (destroyer escort) to the DDG (guided missile), with lead ship featuring the installation of LY-60 guided missiles.
In 2008, it was reported by the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) that the Pakistan Navy have successfully tested a flight takeoff and landing of the Camcopter S-100 UAV from a Tariq-class flight deck.
Ships
Notes
Citations
References
External links
Pakistan–United Kingdom relations
Ships built in Pakistan
Frigate classes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq-class%20destroyer |
Dubris, also known as Portus Dubris and Dubrae, was a port in Roman Britain on the site of present-day Dover, Kent, England.
As the closest point to continental Europe and the site of the estuary of the Dour, the site chosen for Dover was ideal for a cross-channel port. The Dour is now covered over for much of its course through the town. In the Roman era, it grew into an important military, mercantile and cross-channel harbour and — with Rutupiae (Richborough Roman fort) — one of the two starting points of the road later known as Watling Street. It was fortified and garrisoned initially by the Classis Britannica, and later by troops based in a Saxon Shore Fort.
Julius Caesar
At the start of his first attempt to conquer Britain in 55 BC Julius Caesar initially tried to land at Dubris, whose natural harbour had presumably been identified by Volusenus as a suitable landing place. However, when he came in sight of shore, the massed forces of the Britons gathered on the overlooking hills and White Cliffs of Dover dissuaded him from landing there, since the cliffs were "so close to the shore that javelins could be thrown down from" them onto anyone landing there. After waiting there at anchor "until the ninth hour" (about 3pm) waiting for his supply ships from the second port to come up and meanwhile convening a council of war, he ordered his subordinates to act on their own initiative and then sailed the fleet about seven miles along the coast to an open beach.
Classis Britannica fort
The Roman fleet in British waters, the Roman navy's main purpose was protecting the Gaul-to-Britain routes and supporting the land army in Britannia, not defending Britain from invasion. For this reason, its main harbor was in Gesoriacum (Boulogne), not Dover. However, it did have other, smaller bases in Britannia itself, at Rutupiae and Dubris.
Lighthouses
Two lighthouses, each called the "Pharos", were built at Dover soon after the Roman conquest. Proposals of their date range from 50 (seven years after the invasion of 43), 80 or (since the building includes tiles identical to the mansio in the town built at that date) c. 138, though the general consensus is for a 1st-century AD date. They were sited on the two heights (Eastern Heights and Western Heights) and modelled on the Tour d'Ordre built for Caligula's aborted invasion at Boulogne.
The one on the Eastern Heights still stands in the grounds of Dover Castle to 80 feet (24 m) high close to its original height, and has been adapted for use as the bell tower of the adjacent castle church of St Mary de Castro. This Roman Pharos has been a Grade I-listed building since 1974. What little remains of the western lighthouse is called the Bredenstone or the Devil's Drop of Mortar after the putative nearby lost village of Braddon, within Drop Redoubt on Dover Western Heights — it was covered in the 18th-century building works but then rediscovered in fresh works in the 1860s, and was the traditional site of the investiture of the Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.
Peak
At its peak, Dubris was a major trading centre, taking over from Rutupiae as the main Roman cross-Channel port. With Rutupiae, it was one of the starting points for Watling Street, the Roman road to Canterbury and, ultimately, London.
Roman Painted House
During the construction of the new A256/York Street bypass in the 1970s, Roman remains were discovered and an eight-week excavation followed. The archaeologists discovered a Roman mansio now known as the "Roman Painted House". The mansio, a hostel for government officials, was built in c. 200. It was discovered in 1970 by the Kent Archaeological Rescue Unit and, as it houses some of the finest example of Roman murals in Britain (over . of painted plaster, the most extensive ever found north of the Alps), it has been called "Britain's Buried Pompeii".
Above a lower dado of red or green, an architectural scheme of multi-coloured panels framed by fluted columns is still visible. The columns sit on projecting bases above a stage, producing a clear 3D effect. Parts of 28 panels survive, each with a motif relating to Bacchus, the Roman god of wine. This Bacchic link, and the building's proximity to the baths, port and fort, has been said by some to suggest that the Painted House was once a brothel. However, this is entirely circumstantial evidence (frescoes in brothels tended to be more explicit, as in those at Pompeii, and Bacchic motifs are very commonly found in simply domestic areas) and so most academics believe the rooms are too small to have supported this line of work and instead support its designation as a mansio.
Other features of the Painted House include the Dover Gems, a medieval cut in the floor allowing the hypocaust system to be viewed, and a medieval skeleton found in the nearby St Martin-le-Grand church, nicknamed "Fred" by the volunteers who keep the museum running.
Saxon Shore fort
Dubris's mansio was demolished in 270 for the construction of a Saxon Shore fort. This demolition preserved the mansio and its wall-paintings better than usual, since the foots of the walls were contained in the fort's rampart.
Visible remains
A small amount of the fort remains is now visible, on request, at Dover Library and Discovery Centre (the former White Cliffs Experience), and a public house off Market Square is built on and named after the Roman Quay.
The most extensive and publicly accessible remains are at the Roman Painted House, where parts of the mansio, Saxon Shore Fort and Classis Britannica fort are all visible.
1980s excavations
The town council had plans to build a car park on the site, when the Kent Archaeological Rescue Unit (KARU), led by Brian Philp, began to find Roman remains. After a convoluted battle with the council and the builders, the excavation was allowed to continue and a cover-building was built on the site by KARU while the car park was built elsewhere, with the museum being completed before the car park. It has since received thousands of visitors, including the Queen Mother, who signed a specially-presented guestbook. Philp continues to curate, giving talks to schoolchildren, tourists and academics alike. Other artefacts including an extremely important glass vessel are kept on the site, attracting academic study in recent years.
This cover-building still stands over these remains. It has changed little since then and is now under threat from lack of funding. Many in the local area have commented that the site would have been better presented had it been integrated with the rest of the site, which was instead largely reburied under the new bypass, which was specially inclined to protect the remains and the White Cliffs Experience.
All this has been widely criticised by, among others, Philp himself, who has said that “Countries that destroy their past deserve no future.”
References
External links
Roman Painted House – Official Site
Roman Painted House
Council for Kentish Archaeology
Roman Dover
Roman Dover at roman-britain.co.uk
Roman sites in Kent
History of Dover, Kent
Roman fortifications in England
Roman towns and cities in England
Saxon Shore forts
Former populated places in Kent
Roman harbors in England
Grade I listed buildings in Kent
Grade I listed lighthouses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubris |
Saint Mildburh (alternatively Milburga or Milburgh) (died 23 February 727) was the Benedictine abbess of Wenlock Priory. Her feast day is 23 February.
Life
Mildburh was a daughter of Merewalh, King of the Mercian sub-kingdom of Magonsaete, and Domne Eafe. She was the older sister of Saint Mildrith and Saint Mildgytha. The three sisters have been likened to the three theological virtues: Milburh to faith, Mildgytha to hope, and Mildrith to charity.
Mildburh was sought in marriage by a neighboring prince, who resolved to have her for his wife, even at the cost of violence. Mildburh's escape took her across a river. The prince, in hot pursuit, was forced to desist when the river miraculously became so swollen that he was unable to ford.
Mildburh entered the Benedictine monastery of Wenlock, Shropshire (now known as Much Wenlock). The nunnery was founded with endowments by her father and her uncle, Wulfhere of Mercia, under the direction of a French Abbess, Liobinde of Chelles. Milburga eventually succeeded her in this office, and was installed as abbess by St Theodore.
Educated in France, Mildburh was noted for her humility, and, according to popular stories, was endowed with the gift of healing and restored sight to the blind. She organised the evangelisation and pastoral care of south Shropshire.
She is said to have had a mysterious power over birds; they would avoid damaging the local crops when she asked them to. She was also associated with miracles, such as the creation of a spring and the miraculous growth of barley. One story relates that one morning she overslept and woke to find the sun shining on her. Her veil slipped but instead of falling to the ground was suspended on a sunbeam until she collected it.
She died on 23 February 727. Her feast day is thus 23 February.
There is evidence that Saint Mildburh was syncretized with a pagan goddess. According to medievalist Pamela Berger, "this saint was chosen to fill the role of grain protectress in Shropshire when the ancient pagan protectress could no longer be venerated."
Norman discovery
Her tomb was long venerated until her abbey was destroyed by invading Danes. After the Norman Conquest Cluniac monks built a monastery on the site – the ruins at Much Wenlock are those of the later house.
The Cluniac monks arrived at Wenlock from France, and on discovering what they believed to be the bones of Mildburh, began, in 1101, a process of establishing her relics as a pilgrimage destination for lepers. This was unpopular with the local English people, but successfully attracted people from France and Wales. It also encouraged a spate of written accounts of her life and miracles. A document entitled Miracula Inventionis Beatae Mylburge Virginis was produced at about this time, and possibly soon afterwards the well-known hagiographer Goscelin wrote his Vita Mildburga into which he incorporated a pre-existing account called 'Mildburh's Testimony', which purports to be a first-person account of her life.
She is named in some of the genealogies of the Kentish Royal Legend, which appear to draw on Anglo-Saxon material, but have no surviving manuscript copies that pre-date the 11th century. She is also one of the 89 saints listed with their locations in the 11th-century text written in Old English, known as the Secgan, or On the Resting-Places of the Saints.
Notes
External links
Milburga at Patron Saints Index
23 February saints at SaintPatrickDC.org
Year of birth missing
715 deaths
Anglo-Saxon royalty
Mercian saints
Anglo-Saxon nuns
8th-century Christian saints
People from Much Wenlock
Benedictine nuns
Female saints of medieval England
8th-century English nuns
Medieval English saints
Iclingas
7th-century English nuns
7th-century Christian nuns | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mildburh |
Time in Brazil is calculated using standard time, and the country (including its offshore islands) is divided into four standard time zones: UTC−02:00, UTC−03:00, UTC−04:00 and UTC−05:00.
Time zones
Fernando de Noronha time (UTC−02:00)
This is the standard time zone only on a few small offshore Atlantic islands. The only such island with a permanent population is Fernando de Noronha, with 3,140 inhabitants (2021 estimate), 0.0015% of Brazil's population. The other islands (Trindade and Martim Vaz, Rocas Atoll and Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago) either are totally uninhabited or have small seasonally rotating Brazilian Navy garrisons or teams of scientists.
Brasília time (UTC−03:00)
The main time zone of Brazil comprises the states in the South, Southeast and Northeast regions (except the small islands mentioned above), plus the states of Goiás, Tocantins, Pará and Amapá, and the Federal District, which includes the national capital city, Brasília. About 93% of the Brazilian population live in this time zone, which covers about 60% of the country's land area. It comprises 26 of the 28 largest metropolitan areas in Brazil.
Amazon time (UTC−04:00)
This time zone is used in the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, and most of Amazonas. Although this time zone covers about 36% of the land area of Brazil (an area larger than Argentina), only about 6% of the country's population live there (about 13 million people, slightly more than the city of São Paulo).
Until 2008, the areas of the state of Pará west of the Xingu River and north of the Amazon River were also part of this time zone; then they joined the rest of the state in observing Brasília time (UTC−03:00). Although other changes to Brazilian time zones enacted at that time have since been reverted (see below), western and northern Pará still remain in UTC−03:00.
Acre time (UTC−05:00)
This time zone was reinstated in 2013, after having been abolished for over five years. It is used in the far-western tip of the country, which includes the entire state of Acre and the southwestern portion of the state of Amazonas (west of a line connecting the cities of Tabatinga and Porto Acre). These areas cover only about 4% of the Brazilian territory (although that is still about the size of Germany) and have only about 0.5% of the country's population (little more than 1 million people).
On 24 June 2008, these areas advanced their clocks by an hour, so that they became part of the UTC−04:00 time zone. However, in a non-binding referendum held on 31 October 2010, a slight majority of Acre voters voted in favour of returning the state to UTC−05:00. On 30 October 2013, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff enacted Law 12876, establishing that the time zone switch would occur on Sunday, 10 November 2013. Since then, the state of Acre and the southwestern part of the state of Amazonas are again 5 hours behind UTC.
Unofficial observance
Unofficially, 32 municipalities in eastern Mato Grosso, located in the Araguaia valley, observe UTC−03:00, Brasília time. This practice started in Barra do Garças in 1998. Banks and government services still observe the legal time in these locations (UTC–04:00).
Unofficially, the municipality of Bataguassu in eastern Mato Grosso do Sul also observes UTC−03:00, Brasília time.
Daylight saving time
Brazil observed daylight saving time (DST; , "summer time") in the years of 1931–1933, 1949–1953, 1963–1968 and 1985–2019. Initially it applied to the whole country, but from 1988 it applied only to part of the country, usually the southern regions, where DST is more useful due to a larger seasonal variation in daylight duration. It typically lasted from October or November to February or March.
The most recent DST rule specified advancing the time by one hour during the period from 00:00 on the first Sunday in November to 00:00 on the third Sunday in February (postponed by one week if the latter fell on carnival), applicable only to the South, Southeast and Central-West regions, which comprise about 64% of the Brazilian population. During DST, Brasília time moved from UTC−03:00 to UTC−02:00; the other states that did not follow DST observed a change of the offset to Brasília time.
Brazil abolished DST in 2019.
IANA time zone database
The IANA time zone database contains 16 zones for Brazil. Columns marked with * are from the file zone.tab of the database.
See also
Date and time notation in Brazil
Lists of time zones
Notes
References
External links
Time Service Division of the National Observatory of Brazil
Legal time in Brazil
Time in South America | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20in%20Brazil |
Club X is a short-lived 1989 Channel 4 arts and music magazine programme that is often cited as an example of TV Hell.
Details
The production and presentation team was largely taken from the earlier Channel 4 success Network 7 and had the same editor Charlie Parsons. At the time Club X was commissioned Channel 4's new Chief Executive Michael Grade was attempting to make the channel's cultural programming more accessible, a process regarded by some as dumbing down.
The Club X format was intended to blend items on relatively high-brow arts with the kind of quirky stories and items that had been features of Network 7, such as feminist pornography. Club X was broadcast live over 23 weeks during Summer 1989 in a Wednesday night 90-minute slot scheduled directly against BBC2's new arts magazine The Late Show, another production by Network 7 graduates. There was an edited repeat the following Sunday.
Fortunately the show's presenters led by Murray Boland and Martina Attille had live experience yet struggled bravely with the often spurious chaotic direction. The other presenters included drag artist Regina Fong and Fou Fou L Hunter. Hunter died mid-series (11 August 1989). In a reference to the then current Acid House scene the programme's set was modelled on the nightclub Heaven though the constant background music made it impossible for the presenters to hear cues and studio interviews were often inaudible while members of the audience occasionally interfered with the set ups. Each week was themed around an avant-garde art movement, Dada, Surrealism etc.
Buygones
Club X was the first television work of Victor Lewis-Smith whose stand-alone segment Buygones featured humorous takes on withdrawn consumer items such as the Aztec Bar and OMO washing powder.
Cancellation
An edited version of the Wednesday broadcast was shown at 14:00 the following Sunday. Although the edited version tidied up the presentation and removed the more graphic elements, the content remained the same and an off-colour remark about the dead comedian Eric Morecambe drew complaints. A second series was not commissioned; as Channel 4 had, unusually, produced the series in-house, the channel bore the full cost. This made it one of the most expensive failures in the company's history. Some elements such as 'Buygones' were recycled as stand-alone programmes or greatest hits compilations. Charlie Parsons went on to set up a production company with Waheed Ali, which then merged with Planet Pictures, which subsequently produced several shows including The Big Breakfast and "The Word".
References
Channel 4 original programming
1989 British television series debuts
1989 British television series endings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club%20X |
Chanhu-daro is an archaeological site belonging to the Indus Valley civilization. The site is located south of Mohenjo-daro, in Sindh, Pakistan. The settlement was inhabited between 4000 and 1700 BCE, and is considered to have been a centre for manufacturing carnelian beads. This site is a group of three low mounds that excavations has shown were parts of a single settlement, approximately 7 hectares in size.
Chanhudaro was first excavated by N. G. Majumdar in March, 1931, and again during winter field session of 1935-36 by the American School of Indic and Iranian Studies and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston team led by Ernest John Henry Mackay. Prof. W. Norman Brown of the University of Pennsylvania was instrumental in enabling the funds for this project. After the independence of Pakistan, Mohammed Rafique Mughal also did exploratory work in the area.
Since 2015 the archaeological excavations have been carried out by the French Archaeological Mission in the Indus Basin (MAFBI), directed by Aurore Didier (CNRS). The excavations are carried out in cooperation with the Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Pakistan and the Culture Department, Government of Sindh
Historical significance
Chanhudaro is one of the most important sites of Indus civilization. More than 2800 sites belonging to Indus Civilization are identified so far and Chanhu-daro is one of the bigger sites where lot of scope is identified for excavation. However, of late, excavations in this site have not been in progress leading to a decline in contributions from this site. It is situated in a desert area, but it is believed that the Indus River used to flow near this site. Sarasvati river is believed to have dried up during 2nd millennium BC, causing the life at Chanhudaro and several hundreds of dwellings situated on the banks of Sarasvati to become very difficult. The people there probably had to abandon their dwelling places and it is thought that drying up of Sarasvati is one of the reasons for the decline of these dwellings, (cities and villages) which in turn contributed to the decline of Indus Civilization itself.
Early excavation
Chanhudaro is about 12 miles east of present-day Indus river bed. Chanhu-Daro was investigated in 1931 by the Indian archaeologist N. G. Majumdar. It was observed that this ancient city was very similar to Harappa and Mohenjadaro in several aspects like town planning, building layout etc.
The site was excavated in the mid-1930s by the American School of Indic and Iranian Studies and the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, where several important details of this ancient city was investigated.
Town planning
For building houses, baked bricks were used extensively at Chanhudaro and Mohenjo-daro. Several constructions were identified as workshops or industrial quarters and some of the buildings of Chanhudaro might have been warehouses.
Industrial activity
Evidence of shell working was found at Chanhudaro and bangles and ladles were made at this site. Harappan seals were made generally in bigger towns like Harappa, Mohenjadaro and Chanhudaro which were involved with administrative network.
Artefacts found
Copper knives, spears, razors, tools, axes, vessels and dishes were found, causing this site to be nicknamed the "Sheffield of India" by Earnest Mackay. Copper fish hooks were also recovered from this site. Terracotta cart models, a small terracotta bird which when blown acts as a whistle, plates and dishes were found. Male spear thrower or dancer - a broken statue (4.1cm) is of much importance, found at Chanhudaro, is now displayed at Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, USA. Indus Seals are also found at Chanhudaro and Chanhudaro is considered one of the centres where seals were manufactured. The scale of craft production at Chanhudaro seems much greater than that at Mohenjodaro, perhaps taking up half of town for this activity.
Bead making factory
An Impressive workshop, recognised as Bead Making Factory, was found at Chanhudaro, which included a furnace. Shell bangles, beads of many materials, stealite seals and metal works were manufactured at Chanhudaro.
A wide variety of materials were used to make beads here, ranging from precious stones like carnelian, jasper, quartz; metals like gold, copper and bronze; and even shell, terracotta (burnt clay) or faience (silica or sand mixed with gum and colour and then burned). These beads were made in a variety of shapes like discs, cylindrical, spherical, segmented or barrel-like. Softer materials like steatite could be moulded easily while other rocks were worked with a paste of steatite powder to make different shapes of beads. Harder stones resulted in geometrical beads.
Cultivation
Sesame, which is a native of South Africa, is known from number of Harappan sites, including Chanhudaro, probably grown for oil. Peas are also grown at Chanhudaro.
Importance
In respect of Indus Script, ||/ sign is only found on inscriptions found at Chanhudaro. It occurred on eleven objects, (around one sixth of all inscribed objects recovered from Chanhudaro) leading to suggestion by Asko Parapola that it may represent town's name.
Cotton cloth traces preserved on silver or bronze objects were known from Chanhudaro, Harappa and Rakhigarhi.
Objects of Iron were reported from Chanhudaro, Ahar, Rajasthan and Mundigak and this gains importance as it has been claimed that Iron was produced in 3rd Millennium in South Asia.
Bibliography
Aurore Didier. Nouvelles recherches sur les débuts de la Civilisation de l'Indus (2500-1900 av. n. è.) au Pakistan. Les fouilles de Chanhu-daro (Sindh). Comptes-rendus des séances de l'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, Paris : Durand : Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, 2017, Comptes rendus des séances de l'année 2017,, Avril à juin, pp.947-980
Aurore Didier, David Sarmiento Castillo, Pascal Mongne, Syed Shakir Ali Shah. Resuming excavations at Chanhu-daro, Sindh: First results of the 2015-2017 field-seasons. Pakistan Archaeology, Departament of Archaeology and Museums of Pakistan, 2017, 30, pp.69-121.
Quivron, G. (2000). The Evolution on the Mature Indus Pottery Style in the Light of the Excavations at Nausharo, Pakistan. East and West, 50(1/4), 147-190. Retrieved February 5, 2021, from
See also
Indus Valley civilization
List of Indus Valley Civilization sites
List of inventions and discoveries of the Indus Valley Civilization
Hydraulic engineering of the Indus Valley Civilization
Sutkagan Dor
Gola Dhoro
Kerala-no-dhoro
Lakhueen-jo-daro
Harappa
Notes
Indus Valley civilisation sites
Archaeological sites in Sindh
Former populated places in Pakistan
Ghost towns in Pakistan
Geography of Sindh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanhudaro |
Srđan Cvijić is a Serbian political scientist who is a senior policy analyst on European Union external relations. Cvijić is the Senior Policy Analyst at the Open Society Foundations in Brussels and member of the Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group. He is an expert in the area of democratisation, public and international law and human rights law. Prior to working for the Open Society, Cvijić was employed at the European Policy Centre, the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, the Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe, and in the area of diplomacy for Serbia. He received his LLB from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, M.A. in International Relations and European Studies from Central European University and PhD from the Law Department of the European University Institute. He is a regular contributor to news sources, including Politico, EUobserver, the European Western Balkans as well as a commentator for Euronews, Radio Free Europe, Voice of America and others.
References
External links
Transatlantic Assembly
Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Who is Who - Working Table I - Democratisation and Human Rights
Serbian political scientists
Living people
University of Belgrade Faculty of Law alumni
Central European University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sr%C4%91an%20Cviji%C4%87 |
The Wild Stallion is a 2009 American direct-to-DVD film directed by Craig Clyde and starring Miranda Cosgrove, Danielle Chuchran, Robert Wagner, Paul Sorvino, Connie Sellecca and Fred Ward. It was distributed by Myriad Pictures. In December 2010, the popular Horse Book Club PONY included The Wild Stallion in their package.
Plot
Hanna Mills (Miranda Cosgrove), an 11-year-old girl from Cleveland, Ohio, wants to photograph wild horses for a project and to try to help save them. After visiting a ranch during summer vacation and befriending CJ (Danielle Chuchran), another 11-year-old girl, she learns about illegal activities that might jeopardize the mustangs. Along the way she learns about the horses including the legend of the black stallion.
Cast
Miranda Cosgrove as Hanna Mills
Danielle Chuchran as C.J.
Fred Ward as Frank Mills
Manuel Ojeda as Jorge Valencia
Connie Sellecca as Maddie
Robert Wagner as Novak - The wild horse buyer
Paul Sorvino as Sheriff Buck
Corbin Allred as Depute Morg Haynes
K. C. Clyde as Dallas Brody
Gib Gerard as Ty Brody
Carlisle Studer as Lilly
RaeAnn Christensen as Ellie Reynolds
Scotty Meek as Murdock
Bob Lanoue as Virgil
Michael Lawson as Alvin Niedermeyer - the cook
Dustin Hunter Evans as Kyle
References
External links
2009 direct-to-video films
2009 films
Films about horses
2009 drama films
2000s English-language films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wild%20Stallion |
was a Japanese Naoki Award-winning author.
Life
The daughter of the chief priest of Yoyogi Hachiman shrine, Hiraiwa was born in Tokyo in 1932. After graduating from the Department of Japanese Literature at Japan Women's University, the aspiring author studied under novelist Togawa Yukio and became a member of Shinyo-kai, an organization to promote literature established in memory of novelist Hasegawa Shin. In 1959, her work Taganeshi (A Sword Name-Engraver) won the Naoki Award.
Hiraiwa died from pneumonia on 9 June 2023, at the age of 91.
Works
Hiraiwa's representative works include the historical detective-story series Onyado Kawasemi (The Kawasemi Inn). Her works cover a wide range of genres, including historical and contemporary novels, mysteries, novels on adolescence and scripts for plays and TV dramas. In 1987, she became a member of the selection committee for the Naoki Award.
References
External links
J'Lit | Authors : Yumie Hiraiwa* | Books from Japan
Yumie Hiraiwa:books by Yumie Hiraiwa
1932 births
2023 deaths
Japanese writers
Japanese historical novelists
Women historical novelists
20th-century Japanese screenwriters
21st-century Japanese screenwriters
Recipients of the Order of Culture
Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
Persons of Cultural Merit
Naoki Prize winners
Japan Women's University alumni
Writers from Tokyo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yumie%20Hiraiwa |
Zahid Ali (; born 30 June 1977) is a Norwegian stand-up comedian. He is known for his participation in the TV2 show Rikets Røst, which is hosted by Otto Jespersen. After the publicity this show resulted in, he has become a popular comedian and actor.
In 2006 Ali, who is of Pakistani descent, gathered almost all of the most popular comedians in Norway to raise money for relief work in Pakistan after the earthquake disaster that year. All the money raised was donated to the Embassy of Pakistan and was used to build a new school in Kashmir.
In December 2006, Ali appeared in the series Jul i Tøyengata on Norwegian channel TVNorge, playing the lead role as shoemaker Ali. The series was an Advent calendar-type series, aired daily up until 24 December. It was a spoof of an original children's Christmas series in Norway, Jul i Skomakergata.
In 2010 Ali received the Brobyggerprisen, a Norwegian prize for building relations between immigrants and Norwegian natives. His work is also about fighting prejudice. Zahid Ali has also toured with his stand-up show Zahid Ali-live and often appears in corporate videos.
He acted in the 2005 film Izzat and the television series Hellfjord.
See also
Norwegians of Pakistani descent
References
External links
Norwegian male comedians
Norwegian people of Pakistani descent
Norwegian male film actors
Norwegian male television actors
21st-century Norwegian male actors
Norwegian stand-up comedians
1977 births
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahid%20Ali |
The 1961 FA Cup final was the 80th final of the FA Cup. It took place on 6 May 1961 at Wembley Stadium and was contested between Tottenham Hotspur and Leicester City.
Tottenham won the match 2–0, with Bobby Smith and Terry Dyson scoring the goals. Having already won the League, Spurs became the first club to achieve the Double since Aston Villa in 1897.
Road to Wembley
Tottenham Hotspur
Home teams listed first.
Round 3 Tottenham Hotspur 3–2 Charlton Athletic
Round 4 Tottenham Hotspur 5–1 Crewe Alexandra
Round 5 Aston Villa 0–2 Tottenham Hotspur
Round 6 Sunderland 1–1 Tottenham HotspurReplay Tottenham Hotspur 5–0 SunderlandSemi-final Tottenham Hotspur 3–0 Burnley (at Villa Park, Birmingham)
Leicester CityHome teams listed first.
Round 3 Leicester City 3–1 Oxford United
Round 4 Leicester City 5–1 Bristol City
Round 5 Birmingham City 1–1 Leicester City
Replay Leicester City 2–1 Birmingham City
Round 6 Leicester City 0–0 Barnsley
Replay Barnsley 1–2 Leicester City (a.e.t.)
Semi-final Leicester City 0–0 Sheffield United (at Elland Road, Leeds)
Replay Leicester City 0–0 Sheffield United (a.e.t.) (at City Ground, Nottingham)
2nd Replay Leicester City 2–0 Sheffield United (a.e.t.) (at St Andrew's, Birmingham)
|}
Match summary
Leicester frustrated Tottenham Hotspur in the early exchanges but when full-back Len Chalmers damaged his right leg twenty minutes into the match, Tottenham looked to capitalise. They were unfortunate to see Cliff Jones' goal disallowed for offside in the 38th minute and the first half ended goalless.
The second half kicked off in the same vein as the first had ended until the deadlock was broken in the 66th minute. England striker Bobby Smith latched on to a pass from Terry Dyson, turned neatly and smashed the ball past Gordon Banks. The goal naturally lifted Spurs and nine minutes later victory was sealed, when Smith returned the compliment and crossed to Dyson to head home the second to complete the Double.
Coverage
The match was broadcast live by the BBC with live coverage to twelve other European countries. In the United Kingdom the match commentator was Kenneth Wolstenholme, former player Walley Barnes was also pitchside with a radio cameraman to capture the atmosphere before the game and also interview the players during the buildup. He was called upon only once during the match itself to comment on the injury to Chalmers. Many other countries broadcast either a full delayed match cast or edited highlights. The telecast was shown in its entirety in the United States by the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) on Wide World of Sports two weeks later on 20 May. The contest was the first overseas event to appear on the sports anthology series. The Chalmers storyline was played up to the point that "Poor old Chalmers" became a familiar phrase among fans of the television program.
Almost all the television, radio and newspaper commentators predicted a comfortable Tottenham victory but in post game reports all agreed that Spurs had looked out of sorts during the opening fifteen minutes and it was only when Chalmers was injured that they began to dominate the game, again leading to cries for the introduction of substitutes in future. For their part Leicester were considered a little unlucky, though few reporters were willing to go as far as to say that the result would have been any different had the injury to Chalmers not occurred.
Chalmers himself left the field with ten minutes of the game remaining, at which point Tottenham were comfortably in front and any likely chance of a Leicester victory had evaporated. He was unable to return to collect his loser's medal.
The match was broadcast in black and white as a cup final special edition of the Saturday afternoon sports programme Grandstand however cinema viewers experienced a first when the traditional pre movie newsreels of both Pathé and Movietone broadcast their match reports in colour.
Match details
References
External links
Game statistics at soccerbase.com
Final
FA Cup finals
FA Cup Final 1961
FA Cup Final 1961
FA Cup Final
FA Cup Final | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961%20FA%20Cup%20final |
Jane Schenthal Frank (born Jane Babette Schenthal) (July 25, 1918 – May 31, 1986) was an American multidisciplinary artist, known as a painter, sculptor, mixed media artist, illustrator, and textile artist. Her landscape-like, mixed-media abstract paintings are included in public collections, including those of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the Baltimore Museum of Art, and the Smithsonian American Art Museum. She studied with artists, Hans Hofmann and Norman Carlberg.
Work
Jane Frank was a pupil of the painter, Hans Hofmann. She can be categorized stylistically as an abstract expressionist, but one who draws primary inspiration from the natural world, particularly landscape — landscape "as metaphor", she once explained. Her later painting refers more explicitly to aerial landscapes, while her sculpture tends toward minimalism. Chronologically and stylistically, Jane Frank's work straddles both the modern and the contemporary (even postmodern) periods. She referred to her works generally as "inscapes".
The early years
Training in commercial art
Jane Frank (when she was still Jane Schenthal) attended the progressive Park School and received her initial artistic training at the Maryland Institute of Arts and Sciences (now known as the Maryland Institute College of Art), earning in 1935 a diploma in commercial art and fashion illustration. She then acquired further training in New York City at what is now the Parsons School of Design (then called the New York School of Fine and Applied Art), from which she graduated in 1939. In New York, she also studied at the New Theatre School. Her schooling complete, she began working in advertising design and acting in summer stock theatre. From the sources, it is unclear whether she worked in these fields while still in New York, or only after returning to Baltimore. We do know, however, that she began painting seriously in 1940.
Becoming a painter
In a letter to Thomas Yoseloff, she wrote (quoted in Yoseloff's Retrospective, 1975, p. 34) that "prior to 1940 my background had been entirely in commercial art" and that when she began painting seriously, she had to "put behind me everything I had so carefully learned in the schools". She began a study of the history of painting and "went through a progression of spatial conceptions" from cave painting through the Renaissance, then concentrating on Cézanne, Picasso, and De Kooning. "I was also much concerned with texture, and heavy paint", she adds.
Marriage and family - and children's books
After returning to Baltimore, she married Herman Benjamin Frank in 1941. According to the biography in "Baltimore County Women, 1930-1975" listed below, Jane had previously been working as a commercial artist "for department stores and advertising agencies", but she "gave up her career in commercial art for marriage and a family" (p. 16). After marrying, she signed her works consistently as "Jane Frank", apparently never including a maiden name or middle initial. Her husband, a builder, constructed their home, including a studio for his wife. With the initial demands of a new marriage and family presumably beginning to relax a bit, Jane Frank returned seriously to painting in 1947 (according to Stanton, p. 9).
In the following decade, while raising a family and rapidly developing as a serious painter, the young mother also illustrated three children's books. Monica Mink (1948), featured along with Jane Frank's illustrations, a whimsical text by the artist herself, entirely in verse, relating a tale in which (according to the review published by the National Council of Teachers of English) "In rhyme the obstreperous Monica Mink 'who wouldn't listen and didn't think' is finally taught that 'all Mother Minks know best'." . Thomas Yoseloff's The Further Adventures of Till Eulenspiegel (1957, New York City), featured Jane Frank's block prints, which already show a penchant for collage-like textural juxtapositions and strong diagonal composition. Jane Frank's 1986 obituary in the Baltimore Sun mentions that she published a third children's book, entitled Eadie the Pink Elephant, with both text and pictures by the artist, and this is confirmed in an excerpt from Publishers Weekly available online .
Health catastrophes and recovery
Art history professor emerita, Phoebe B. Stanton of Johns Hopkins University mentioned that twice in the 20 years after 1947, Jane Frank suffered from illnesses which "interrupted the work for long periods". The first of these catastrophes was a serious car accident in 1952, requiring multiple major surgeries and extensive convalescence, and the second was a "serious and potentially life-threatening illness" soon after her 1958 solo show at the Baltimore Museum of Art. The latter illness was so severe, according to Stanton, that it interrupted Jane Frank's painting work for about two years.
The latter 1950s to late 1960s
Encountering Hans Hofmann, and discovering a "sculptural landscape"
Health problems notwithstanding, the latter 1950s proved decisively fruitful for Jane Frank as a serious artist. Having fairly well recovered from her injuries in the traumatic 1952 accident, she studied for a period in 1956 with the great abstract expressionist painter Hans Hofmann in Provincetown, Massachusetts, and this mentoring gave her a jolt of inspiration and encouragement. She soon had solo exhibitions at the Baltimore Museum of Art (1958), the Corcoran Gallery of Art (1962), the Bodley Gallery in New York (1963) and Goucher College (1963), among others.
She also, in 1962 (1961 according to some sources), won a Rinehart Fellowship, enabling her to study with Norman Carlberg at the Rinehart School of Sculpture at Maryland Institute College of Art. This might seem a sudden and late detour away from painterly pursuits, but it is a logical step: the canvases in the 1962 Corcoran show, such as "Crags and Crevices" and "Rockscape II", already feature passages that are sculpturally "built up" with thick mounds of gesso (or "spackle", as Stanton tends to call it).
Jane Frank's preoccupation with space was evident even before her paintings became overtly "sculptural" in their use of mixed media. Of the paintings in the 1962 Corcoran Gallery show, she tells Phoebe Stanton: "I was trying to pit mass against void and make it look as though there were passages that went way back - that's why 'crevice' is in so many of the titles" (Stanton, p. 15). Indeed, "Crags and Crevices" (70"x 50", oil and spackle on canvas), completed in 1961, dominated the show.
Combining diverse materials and techniques
Soon after the month-long Corcoran Gallery solo exhibition, Jane Frank began to apply not just spackle but a variety of other materials - sea-weathered or broken glass, charred driftwood, pebbles, what appears to be crushed graphite or silica, and even glued-on patches of separately painted and encrusted canvas (canvas collage) - to her jagged, abstract expressionist paintings. "I wanted work that was painterly but with an actual three-dimensional space", she later wrote (Yoseloff 1975, pp. 37–39). Jane Frank's first solo show at New York City's Bodley Gallery (1963), as well as her 1965 solo show at Baltimore's International Gallery, featured many of these radically dense and variegated mixed media paintings.
"Apertured", multiple-canvas paintings
Later she began making irregular holes in the canvases ("apertures", as she called them: the earliest example is "Winter Windows", 1966–1967), disclosing deeper layers of painted canvas underneath (so-called "double canvases" - and sometimes triple canvases), with painted-on "false shadows", etc. - increasingly invoking the third dimension, creating tactile, sculptural effects while remaining within the convention of the framed, rectangular oil painting. The apertures also suggest a view into some sort of psychological interior, as though the second canvas - seen only partially, through the hole in the forward canvas - were some half-concealed secret, perhaps even another whole painting that we will never see.
Stanton (p. 24) also notes that Jane Frank worked out a method - unspecified - of stiffening the apertures' often jagged edges so that they held their shape and flatness. These creations are a type of "shaped canvas", though very different from the shaped canvases of Frank Stella and others more commonly associated with this term.
In much of her output before the late 1960s, Frank seems less interested in color than in tonality and texture, often employing the grayscale to create a sense of depth or motion from light to dark, this frequently moving in a diagonal (as in "Winter's End", 1958), and otherwise employing one basic hue (as with the earthy reds in "Plum Point", 1964). However, the later, "windowed" paintings show a sharper interest in vivid color relationships: indeed, Yoseloff (p. 20) notes that with the later paintings "she has gone to bolder colors". This is especially true, as he notes, in the "aerial" paintings, of which an early and monumental example is "Aerial View no. 1" (1968, 60 inches by 84 inches, collection of the Turner Auditorium complex at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University). This was one of the artist's favorites, according to Baltimore County Women [see below].
Standing apart
While these highly complex and laborious constructions (she often called them "three-dimensional paintings") moved her well beyond the vocabulary of the improvisatory, so-called "action painting" usually associated with American abstract expressionism, they also had virtually nothing to do with the pop art and minimalism which were then the rage of the 1960s New York art scene. Furthermore, they bore little resemblance to the serene "color field" paintings of Morris Louis, Helen Frankenthaler, or Mark Rothko. Whether brooding or exuberant, the (as it were) geologically deposited, erupted, eroded, and gouged canvases of Jane Frank stand apart from all else. Perhaps this style could be called "geomorphic abstraction" - though no such term can be found as a stylistic category in art history books.
This standoffish aesthetic position, her chosen departure from the career-making New York City scene, and the fact that her overall output was not very large (by some standards at least), were factors that limited her career and her contemporary impact on the course of American art. Yet perhaps, as time goes on, present-day art lovers who get to know these pieces will agree with Professor Stanton that they are powerful and beautiful creations, worthy of contemplation and admiration on their intrinsic merits - regardless of what was supposedly fashionable in 1960-something:
{| border=0 style="background: white" align=center
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|{{cquote|..."Winter Windows" is perhaps sublime in Burke's use of the word for a kind of beauty which produces sensations of awe and helplessness.... Part of the power of these pictures is the result of their controlled design, for balance, color, texture, have been managed so economically that the least change would throw the whole out of key.}}
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|– Dr. Phoebe Stanton [The Sculptural Landscape of Jane Frank, p. 29]
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After 1967: sculptures, and further development of the "apertured" paintings
Sculpture: depths and shadows, reflections and refractions
In the late 1960s, Jane Frank turned her energies toward the creation of free-standing sculpture, i.e., sculptures properly speaking, as opposed to "sculptural paintings" or mixed media works on canvas.
The sculptures, with their clean lines and surfaces, often in sleek lucite or aluminium, completely dispense with the earthy, gritty qualities of those "sculptural landscape" canvases. Busch (1974) quotes Frank as saying: "I begin [working] from a drawing or cardboard mockup. I give my welding and aluminium pieces to a machinist with whom I work quite closely".
There were more solo exhibitions, at venues including New York City's Bodley Gallery again in 1967, Morgan State University (1967), Goucher College (for the second time) in 1968, London's Alwin Gallery in 1971, the Galerie de l'Université, Paris (1972), the Philadelphia Art Alliance (1975), and a major retrospective at Towson State College (now Towson University) in 1975. She also won the Sculpture Prize at the 1983 Maryland Artists Exhibition (source: Watson-Jones).
Aerial landscape paintings
Even after 1967, when Jane Frank began making sculptures, grappling with new media such as plastics and metals, she maintained her ever-evolving production of mixed media paintings on canvas, virtually until the end of her life. Continuing her exploration of the possibilities of multiple-canvas, "apertured" paintings, she began to create her "Aerial Series" pieces, which came more and more explicitly to suggest landscapes seen from above. Especially noteworthy and striking are the "Night Landings" paintings, such as "Night Landings: Sambura" (1970), with the city grid glinting below like a dark jewel in a deep, nocturnal blue river valley. The 1975 Yoseloff retrospective catalogue listed below is very illuminating on these latter developments, and the color plates (which include images of some of the sculptures) are of higher quality than those in the Stanton book.
Several sources note that Jane Frank also designed rugs and tapestries; a color photograph showing detail from one of these textile works is reproduced in the Ann Avery book listed below.
Jane Frank died on Saturday, May 31, 1986. In some sources, her place of residence is listed as Owings Mills, Maryland, which is a near suburb of Baltimore. The 1986 Watson-Jones book's entry on Jane Frank states her address as "1300 Woods Hole Road, Towson, Maryland 21204". Towson is another near suburb of Baltimore.
Discussion of Jane Frank's work
Phoebe Stanton writes that "landscape" is for Jane Frank a way of conveying ideas which (to Stanton) recall Heidegger's definition of poetry, which included "the recreation of the experience of standing 'in the presence of the gods and to be exposed to the essential proximity of things' ". According to the jacket notes of the Stanton book, Pictures on Exhibit magazine commented in a similar vein, saying that these landscapes are "to a compellingly strong degree, poetic evocations of communion with Nature's basic essentials". We are in direct contact with the primal forces, exposed and profoundly alone.
These works are at once sensually compelling and incorporeal — "out-of-body", so to speak. And as Julia M. Busch points out, even the sculptures avoid reference to anything recognizably, bodily human. Stating that Frank's sculptures are "environmental", Busch goes on to define this term in a way that points to their "beyond-human" quality:
"Environmental sculpture is never made to work at exactly human scale, but is sufficiently larger or smaller than the scale to avoid confusion with the human image in the eyes of the viewer."
Also, the canvases of the 1960s, for all their landscape-like qualities, usually avoid anything that can be read as a horizon or a sky: we literally don't know which way is up; for as Stanton (p. 12) points out, Jane Frank - starting with "Winter's End" (1958) - avoids horizontal orientation in favor of strong diagonals. Furthermore, in this painting, as in many others of the next decade, the scale is undecidable. Stanton, again speaking of "Winter's End", writes:
"One is given no indication of the size of the scene; the way through which winter passes could be either a mountain gorge or a minute water course".
Plenty of cues are there that this is some sort of landscape, and Frank herself avows it:
"The beginning of my efforts to make my own statement, I would trace to my first visit to the Phillips Gallery.... Landscape was a natural metaphor, and so it is still for me today, in my three-dimensional double canvases".
Summing up the ambiguous position of Jane Frank's work on canvas with respect to both landscape art and pure abstraction, a reviewer for The Art Gallery magazine wrote of her 1971 solo show at London's Alwin Gallery: "Her richly textured canvases evoke a world of crags and forests, rivers and plains, in terms which are entirely non-representational."
The catalogue of the 1963 Bodley Gallery show contains a long essay by the artist, and the following three quoted passages capture many of the concerns described here:
(1) On constructing her metaphorical landscape vocabulary: "I prefer to create my own landscapes or vocabulary of shapes and patterns. However, it is rock and mineral substances, their veins and surfaces, projections and infinite hollows, which spark my particular fantasy - also beach wood, well worn with time, that is to be found on the water's edge. Issues of space have always been one of my prime concerns, and these substances seem to relate most closely to this concern. These then are the metaphor..."
(2) On the quality of interiority in her works: "It is also an attempt to penetrate the surface of an object, presenting not only the outside but what occurs within - the essence or core."
(3) On the essential aloneness of her vision: "The artist must create his own space, of his own time and personal vision. The result is not a unique image for the sake of 'newness', but rather for the sake of the artist, who must be concerned with it daily. These days are spent quite alone."
These pieces of the late 1950s and 1960s never lapse into the complaisantly decorative: there is a certain deliberate instability, often even violence, that prevents that. This quality comes through in another remark from Dr. Stanton's book. She's speaking of "Crags and Crevices", but it fits many of the works: "Nothing in the painting is still, for the big forms seem to hover in mid-air, colliding as they fall. There are provocative and startling contrasts between passages of thin, transparent paint and thick impasto, filled with striatures left by the palette knife."
Even 1968's "Aerial View No. 1", despite the spatial hint of the title, is far from literal. Certain features of structure and color render a literal interpretation of this image as an aerial landscape difficult or even impossible. The attempt at interpretation is both invited and repulsed. But by about 1970, with the "Night Landings" paintings, there was a definite shift away from the previous decade's stubbornly refractive attitude. The "Night Landings" offer a much more definite sense of scale and viewpoint, especially with the aid of the titles. "Night Landings: Nairobi" is not disorienting in the least: we know where we are; we know we're in a plane, we know the plane is landing, and we even know roughly what time it is: we are looking down, and we see vividly the city named in the title, with the surrounding land and water.
Furthermore, the fact that we see a city down there means that - at least implicitly - there are people in this painting.
Yoseloff, in his 1975 "Retrospective" book, enthuses:
"Perhaps the ultimate achievement in the direction in which Mrs. Frank has been tending is her series of "night landings".... Now, more than ever, the viewer is deeply involved, and he can feel himself carried downward into the landscape that is the canvas before him"
A staunch modernist might scoff that with the "Night Landings" of 1970 Jane Frank's art begins to "go gentle into that good night" (perhaps even lapsing into "postmodernism"). But if these more literal aerial landscapes - created in 1970 and after - lose some of the tension that gives the earlier paintings their distinctive power, they nevertheless address, with an intensely intimate delight, a perspective on reality which we must remember was still quite young in 1970, at least as a painterly subject. In "Aerial Perception" (1985), author Margret Dreikausen sees Jane Frank's aerial landscapes as sharing the spirit of the work of artists such as Georgia O'Keeffe, Susan Crile, and others, in creating images which "reflect contemporary interest in reality", experienced from a historically new vantage point. Dreikausen insists that this art "does not merely show landscape from the air" but incorporates the "earthbound vision" into "remembered images from both spaces". Dreikausen also sees Frank's aerial paintings as consisting of two basic types: the "day scenes" (such as "Ledge of Light") and the "night landings" (such as "Night Landing: Sambura"). The day scenes show a fascination with the play of actual shadows and false, painted ones, "inviting the viewer more closely to inspect the textures on the canvas and its 'reality' ". In the night landings, by contrast, the city is the focus, nestled in the canvas's aperture, like a precious jewel in a dark velvet box, with its "enticing twinkling lights", suggesting "the anticipation of the unknown, mysterious city.... The use of beads and glitter, partially covered with paint, conveys a sense of personal landscape".
The 1999 Benezit book's entry on Jane Frank takes it as a given that her works on the canvas may be summarized as semi-abstract aerial views: "Sa peinture, abstraite, fait cependant reference a un paysagisme aerien, comme vu d'avion." ("Her paintings, though abstract, nevertheless make reference to aerial landscapes, as viewed from an airplane.")
Collections
Jane Frank's paintings and mixed media works on canvas are in the collections of the Corcoran Gallery of Art ("Amber Ambience", 1964), the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Baltimore Museum of Art ("Winter's End", 1958), the Herbert F. Johnson Museum of Art at Cornell University ("Red Painting", 1966), the Arkansas Arts Center in Little Rock ("Web Of Rock", 1960), and the Evansville Museum ("Quarry III", 1963). Her works are in many other public, academic, corporate, and private collections.
Her sculptures can be found in public collections including at Towson State University.
References
Books
American Association of University Women, (Towson, Maryland, Branch), "Baltimore County Women, 1930-1975", (Baltimore: The Sunpapers, 1976) [Please note: the 1981 Ann Avery book listed below mentions this book and credits George Rogers with the editorship, either of the book or perhaps only of the Jane Frank article - it is not clear. The book is a collection of profiles of forty Baltimore County women "who distinguished themselves" in diverse fields (including opera singer Rosa Ponselle and golfer Carol Mann), compiled as part of a project celebrating the 1976 United States Bicentennial. The full-page Jane Frank article includes a photo of the artist in her studio.]
Avery, Ann (ed.), "American Artists of Renown, 1981-1982" [includes one color plate image of a Jane Frank work, along with a bio] (Wilson Publishing Co.: Gilmer, Texas, 1981) ;
Benezit, E. (ed.), "Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des peintres, sculpteurs, desinateurs, et graveurs de tous les temps et tous les pays" ["Critical and Documentary Dictionary of Painters, Sculptors, Draftsmen, and Engravers of All Times and All Countries"], (Gründ, Paris, 1999) [Please note: in 2006, an English language edition of the Benezit Dictionary of Artists became available for the first time.] [see Benezit Dictionary of Artists]
Busch, Julia M., "A Decade of Sculpture: the New Media in the 1960s" [contains three color and two b&w images of Jane Frank's sculptures, as well as some discussion of the work and several quotations from the artist] (The Art Alliance Press: Philadelphia; Associated University Presses: London, 1974)
Chiarmonte, Paula, "Women Artists in the United States: a Selective Bibliography and Resource Guide on the Fine and Decorative Arts" (G. K. Hall & Co., Boston, 1990) [entry on Jane Frank is on page 606].
Creps, Bob ; and Howard Creps; Biographical encyclopedia of American painters, sculptors & engravers of the U.S. : Colonial to 2002 (Land O'Lakes, Florida : Dealer's Choice Books, 2002) [in two volumes: Jane Frank bio on p. 475 of first volume]
Davenport, Ray, "Davenport's Art Reference and Price Guide, Gold Edition" (Ventura, California, 2005) ;
Dreikausen, Margret, "Aerial Perception: The Earth as Seen from Aircraft and Spacecraft and Its Influence on Contemporary Art" (Associated University Presses: Cranbury, NJ; London, England; Mississauga, Ontario: 1985) [includes color plate images of two of Jane Frank's aerial paintings].
Dunbier, Lonnie Pierson (Ed.), "The Artists Bluebook: 34,000 North American Artists to March 2005" (Scottsdale, Arizona, 2005) [Please note: Worldcat lists Roger Dunbier as the editor of this work, whereas the Askart.com website - which publishes the book - names Lonnie Pierson Dunbier (presumably married to Mr. Dunbier) as editor.]
Frank, Jane. Jane Frank (pub. New York, N.Y. : Bodley Gallery, 1963) [catalogue for solo exhibition, with dates given as Oct. 22 - Nov. 9]. [Also available in MICA library vertical file; see 'External links' for access help. Additionally, Worldcat has another listing for a book, in the holdings of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, by "Jane Frank" and entitled Jane Frank; there is no mention of the Bodley Gallery, but under "Details," Worldcat has "Contents: Sculptural paintings : Jane Frank". Presumably this is the same 1963 catalogue; or perhaps it is the catalogue of Jane Frank's 1967 show at the Bodley (.
Frank, Jane; Arthur Mayer; Alwin Gallery. The Sculptural Landscape of Jane Frank [catalogue for exhibition at Alwin Gallery, 56 Brook Street, London, Jan. 5-29, 1971.] Here is a link to the catalogue record of the copy at the National Art Library, Victoria and Albert Museum, London: . The book is also available in the MICA library vertical file on Jane Frank; see 'External links' for access help. This catalogue (confusingly taking the same title as the Stanton book) amounts nearly to a full monograph on the artist, with many images of the artist and the work, lists of exhibitions and other career summary material, and an extensive critical essay by Arthur Mayer. The Victoria and Albert Museum library description reads: "Catalogue of an exhibition held at the Alwin Gallery, London, 5 Jan. - 29 Jan. 1971. Text By Arthur Mayer."
Frank, Jane, "Monica Mink" (Vanguard Press, New York City, 1948) [children's book authored and illustrated by Jane Frank]
International Gallery. Jane Frank: sculptural paintings (Baltimore : International Gallery, 1965) [solo exhibition catalogue] (Also available in the "Jane Frank" vertical file at the MICA library)
Jacques Cattell Press, ed., "Who's Who in American Art", 1980 (New York City : R.R. Bowker, 1980) [Jane frank entry pp. 240–241]
Jacques Cattell Press, ed., "Who's Who in American Art", 1984 (New York City ; London : R.R. Bowker, 1984) [Jane frank entry p. 303]
Meissner, Gunter, "Allgemeines Kunstlerlexikon: Die Bildenen Kuntsler aller Zeiten und Volker" ["Complete Dictionary of Artists of all Times and All Peoples"] (Pub. Saur: Munich, Leipzig, 2005) [34-line Jane Frank entry on page 46, vol. 44]
Opitz, Glenn B., ed., "Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of American Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers" (Poughkeepsie, NY : Apollo, 1983)
Opitz, Glenn B., ed., "Dictionary of American Sculptors" (Poughkeepsie, NY: Apollo, 1984)
Yoseloff, Thomas, "The Further Adventures of Till Eulenspiegel" [children's book with block print illustrations by Jane Frank] (New York City : Thomas Yoseloff 1957) [Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 57-6892]
Yoseloff, Thomas, "Jane Frank: A Retrospective Exhibition" [This exhibition catalogue amounts to another full monograph on the artist, with very high quality color and b&w plates, extensive textual discussion and quotation of the artist, and much specific and detailed information on Jane Frank's life, career, and individual artworks: 51 pp.] (A. S. Barnes: New York City and London, 1975)
Other readings (articles, etc.)
Lisa Roney. "Contemporary American Women Sculptors" [review of book: Watson-Jones, Virginia. Contemporary American Women Sculptors. Oryx Press, 1986.] Woman's Art Journal, Vol. 8, No. 1, 54. Spring - Summer, 1987. Roney notes that the volume celebrates a rich variety of creations, including "works that amuse (Viola Frey, b. 1932), threaten (Joan Danzinger, b. 1934), or maintain an abstract cool (Jane Frank, b. 1918)" [p. 54]. Link to JSTOR record of the review here.
Footnotes
External links
Smithsonian American Art Museum: Jane Frank(the museum's page on Jane Frank)
Access to Smithsonian Institution artist file folder on Jane Frank (Simply type 'jane frank' into search box and click; on next page, click the name again for more detail): "Folder(s) may include exhibition announcements, newspaper and/or magazine clippings, press releases, brochures, reviews, invitations, illustrations, resumes, artist's statements, exhibition catalogs."
Maryland Institute College of Art, Decker Library, vertical file listings. In a special archive, MICA maintains approximately 400 vertical files on "people affiliated with MICA such as alumni, faculty, visiting artists, and staff and administrators, as well as local art institutions and MICA-related items of history." Listed here is a file on Jane Frank. The web page includes information on how to access file contents. This vertical file includes essential materials such as Jane Frank's 1986 obituary in the Baltimore Sun and the catalogue of her 1963 exhibition at the Bodley Gallery in New York, as well as the catalogue of her 1971 solo exhibition at London's Alwin Gallery.
French art criticism archive page (at www.archivcriticart.org), listing an art review in the French journal Les lettres françaises'' for 27 September 1972, in the section called "In the Galleries" ("Dans les galeries")
1918 births
1986 deaths
Abstract expressionist artists
American women painters
American contemporary painters
Contemporary sculptors
20th-century American sculptors
Mixed-media artists
Jewish American artists
Jewish painters
Jewish sculptors
Landscape artists
Painters from Maryland
Parsons School of Design alumni
Artists from Baltimore
Postmodern artists
American women sculptors
20th-century American painters
20th-century American women artists
Sculptors from Maryland
Park School of Baltimore alumni
20th-century American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20Frank |
Conviction is a finding that a defendant is guilty of committing a crime.
Conviction may also refer to:
Law
Conviction and execution of Steven Michael Woods Jr.
Conviction and exoneration of Glenn Ford
Conviction of Michael Shields
Conviction politics
Conviction rate
Religion
Conviction (religion), a Christian belief that the Holy Spirit informs an individual of their sin
Arts, entertainment, and media
Films
Conviction (2002 film), a 2002 film about the life of Carl Upchurch
Conviction (2010 film), a 2010 film about the life of Betty Anne Waters
The Conviction, a 1991 Italian film
Games
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Conviction, the fifth game in the Splinter Cell series
Literature
Conviction (Patterson novel), a 2004 novel by American author Richard North Patterson
Conviction (play), a play by Eve Ensler
Conviction (Star Wars novel), a 2011 Star Wars novel by Aaron Allston
Conviction, a novel by Ann Hatton
Music
Convictions (band), an American Christian metalcore band from Ohio
Conviction (Aiden album), 2007
Conviction (Signal Aout 42 album)
Conviction (The Crimson Armada album), 2011
Conviction (UT album), 1986
Television
Shows
Conviction (2004 TV series), a 2004 BBC crime television drama in 6 parts
Conviction (2006 TV series), a 2006 American television drama series that aired on NBC
Conviction (2016 TV series), a 2016 American television legal drama series that aired on ABC
Stephen (TV series) , also titled Conviction: The Case of Stephen Lawrence, 2021 British TV miniseries
Episodes
"Conviction" (Angel), a 2003 episode of the TV series Angel
"Convictions" (Babylon 5), a 1995 episode of the science fiction TV series Babylon 5
See also
Convict
Convicted (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conviction%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Bernard Hollander (1864 – 6 February 1934) was a London psychiatrist and one of the main proponents of the new interest in phrenology in the early 20th century.
Life and work
Hollander was born in Vienna, and settled in London in 1883, where he attended King's College. After graduation he was appointed to the post of physician at the British Hospital for Mental Disorders and Brain Diseases. Hollander was naturalized a British citizen in 1894.
Hollander first received critical acclaim for his Positive Philosophy of the Mind (L. N. Fowler, 1891). His main works, The Mental Function of the Brain (1901) and Scientific Phrenology (1902), are an appraisal of the teachings of Franz Joseph Gall. Hollander also introduced a quantitative approach to the phrenological diagnosis, defining a methodology for measuring the skull and comparing the measurements with statistical averages.
Hollander founded the Ethological Society, and was the first editor of the Ethological Journal.
Notes
Further reading
Works by Hollander:
The revival of phrenology (London and New York, G. P. Putnam's sons, 1901).
Scientific Phrenology: being a practical mental science and guide to human character (London, Grant Richards, 1902)
The mental symptoms of brain disease: an aid to the surgical treatment of insanity, due to injury, haemorrhage, tumours, and other circumscribed lesions of the brain (London, Rebman, 1910).
Nervous disorders of men; the modern psychological conception of their causes, effects, and rational treatment (London, K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co. [etc.], 1916).
Abnormal children : nervous, mischievous, precocious, and backward (London : K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1916)
In search of the soul: and the mechanism of thought, emotion, and conduct. Volume 1, Volume 2 (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1920).
The psychology of misconduct, vice, and crime (London : G. Allen & Unwin, ltd., 1922).
Methods and Uses of Hypnosis & Self-Hypnosis: A Treatise on the Powers of the Subconscious Mind (London : G. Allen & Unwin, ltd., 1928).
About Hollander:
Culbertson, J.C. (ed.) (1890) "The Old and New Phrenologies" The Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic vol. 63 (New Series, vol. 24) pp. 176-177, reprinted from the British Medical Journal.
1864 births
1934 deaths
Phrenologists
English psychiatrists
Ethologists
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Hollander |
Umphang (, ) is the southernmost district (amphoe) of Tak province, Thailand, established by the Royal Decree Establishing Amphoe Umphang, BE 2502 (1959), which came into force on 6 May 1959.
The district is on the Thai-Burmese border. It is also the name of the town center of the district. Neighboring districts are (north from clockwise): Phop Phra district; Khlong Lan district, and Pang Sila Thong district of Kamphaeng Phet province; Mae Wong district and Mae Poen district of Nakhon Sawan province; Ban Rai district of Uthai Thani province; and Thong Pha Phum district and Sangkhla Buri district of Kanchanaburi province. The western edge of the district has a long boundary with Burma. Surrounded by national parks and wildlife reserves, it is one of the least accessible districts in Thailand. Nevertheless, it has one major tourist attraction, Thi Lo Su Waterfall (น้ำตกทีลอซู), the largest waterfall in Thailand.
History
Umphang was established as a district in 1898. It was named Mae Klong (อำเภอแม่กลอง) back then and was part of Uthai Thani province. In 1906 it was renamed Umphang and moved to Kamphaeng Phet province. Its status was changed to a king amphoe and moved to Tak Province effective 1 January 1926. Finally in 1959 it was promoted back to district status.
Etymology
It was thought that the name Umphang came from Karen word Umpa, meaning the act of opening a bamboo container. This was performed by Burmese to show passports stored in the bamboo to Thai immigration officers.
Geography
Most of Umphang is mountainous, geographically separated from the east part of Tak Province by the Thanon Thongchai Range (ทิวเขาถนนธงชัย). In the southern part of Umphang are the Dawna Hills and the Thungyai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary while in the central part near Umphang town there is the Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary. Directly east of Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary is Mae Wong National Park (in Tak and Kamphaeng Phet Province) and Khlong Lan National Park (in Kamphaeng Phet Province). The area, due to its difficulty of access, was used as a base by the Communist Party of Thailand.
An important river in Umphang is Mae Klong River (แม่น้ำแม่กลอง) which originates here and flows south into Kanchanaburi province.
Climate
Demographics
A large number of the 28,000 population are hill tribes with Karen people making up the largest proportion. Karen were the original settlers here before Thais began to migrate into the area, and many place names are in the Karen language.
Transportation
Highway 1090 (Mae Sot-Umphang) is the only road linking Umphang to other parts of Thailand. Another highway, Highway 1167, connects Umphang town to the Burmese border. Highway 1090, 164 km in total, has two lanes during much of the way and contains 1,219 curves, a number proudly displayed at numerous places in Umphang. It is one of the more unpleasant roads for those who suffer from motion sickness. The journey from Mae Sot takes from three to four hours. The journey from Bangkok takes about 12 hours.
In the late-1970s, construction started on Highway 1117, (Khlong Lan-Umphang) a project that would have provided a connection from Amphoe Khlong Lan, Kamphaeng Phet province. It was part of a military effort to combat communist insurgency in the region. The project was shelved in 1987 pending an environmental study. About 115 km of the highway beginning in Khlong Lan was constructed, leaving the last 28 km on the Umphang side where it stopped at Umphang Wildlife Sanctuary in 1990. Efforts to finish this project surfaced a few times, but was eventually rejected due to the virgin forest in the path of the road. Another project linking Umphang to Amphoe Sangkhla Buri, Kanchanaburi Province was proposed in 2004, but was immediately rejected. Highway 1117 would have shortened the journey from Bangkok by five hours, and by-passed Mae Sot entirely.
There is a municipal airport in Umphang. Scheduled flights here were scrapped due to low demand.
Places
Thi Lo Su Waterfall is the main reason people travel to Umphang. It is the largest waterfall in Thailand, with a height of about 200 meters and total width is about 400 meters. It is fullest during rainy season from June to November because of the larger water flow. However, during this period, road access to the waterfall is closed for safety reasons and some hiking is required. The peak season for tourism is in December and January when the water level is still high and the road to waterfall (25 km) is open to the public. Only cars with four wheel drive can pass this steep and slippery road. An alternative way to reach the waterfall is by whitewater rafting downstream along the calm section of Klong River and then continuing overland on foot or by car for another about 12 km. Travelling this way, two waterfalls dropping into Klong River can be seen: Thi Lor Jor Waterfall (น้ำตกทีลอจ่อ), and Sai Rung Waterfall (น้ำตกสายรุ้ง). The name Thi Lo Su, in Karen language, means giant waterfall or black waterfall.
It is only recently that Thi Lo Re Waterfall (น้ำตกทีลอเร) has been promoted. It is a waterfall dropping directly into Klong River deep in Thungyai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary with no road access. Only traveling with tour companies is possible. The journey to the waterfall typically involves white water rafting the Klong River of about 40 km through rapids of Class 4 or 5 while the journey back is by walking or riding elephants. The trip takes two to three days.
Pre To Lo Su (น้ำตกเปรโต๊ะลอซู) or Pi Tu Kro Lo Su (น้ำตกปี๊ตรุโกรลอซู) is another recently discovered waterfall. It is on Ma Muang Sam Muen (เขามะม่วงสามหมี่น). Two steams fall to combine to become a heart-shaped waterfall. Travel to and from the waterfall requires a few days of hiking.
Some other places of interest are Takobi Cave (ถ้ำตะโค๊ะบิ), a cave formerly used by Communist Party of Thailand; Doi Hua Mot (ดอยหัวหมด), a viewpoint above the clouds; and Ban Pa La Ta (บ้านปะละทะ), a Karen village dating back 250 years.
Administration
The district is divided into six sub-districts (tambons), which are further subdivided into 38 villages (mubans). The township (thesaban tambon) Umphang covers parts of the tambon Umphang.
References
External links
Umphang history (Thai only)
Highway 1117 (Thai only)
Umphang | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umphang%20district |
R and W Hawthorn Ltd was a locomotive manufacturer in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, from 1817 until 1885.
Locomotive building
Robert Hawthorn first began business at Forth Bank Works in 1817, building marine and stationary steam engines. In 1820, his brother William joined him and the firm became R and W Hawthorn. Possibly after having attended the Rainhill Trials in 1829, they became interested in locomotives, and sold their first engine in 1831. Printed and online sources claim this to be Mödling for the Vienna Gloggnitz railway. That is wrong, that locomotive was delivered in 1841. The 1831 order was placed by the Stockton and Darlington Railway.
There followed a number of orders for the Stockton and Darlington Railway. They were great innovators - not always successfully - and their locos had many original features.
In 1838 two were built for the broad gauge Great Western Railway to the patent of T. E. Harrison, who later became the chief engineer for the North Eastern Railway. These could be viewed as the forerunners of the Garratt locomotive, with the boiler carried on a separate carriage to the cylinders and valvegear. This allowed the boiler to be large and low down, being carried on smaller wheels, while the driving wheels could be up to in diameter. With little weight on the drivers, adhesion was poor, but they ran very smoothly up to . However, the flexible steam coupling gave a great deal of trouble and they were withdrawn.
They continued to build more conventional engines, possibly under sub-contract, among them, three for the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway. In 1850 the company built their first tank locomotive which was supplied to the York, Newcastle and Berwick Railway In the 1850s, they also built six 4-4-0ST, Crampton locomotives of the Sondes class for the East Kent Railway. Also, in the quest for a low centre of gravity, four 0-4-0s with the drivers spaced at apart connected to the cylinders by a dummy crankshaft. These were soon withdrawn, and the Cramptons rebuilt into traditional 2-4-0 tanks.
In 1860, eight tender locomotives with a 0-4-2 wheel arrangement, the first tender locomotives to work in South Africa, were built for the Cape Town Railway and Dock Company.
In 1870, they built St. Peter's Works adjoining that of Robert Stephenson and Company and in 1880 amalgamated with the shipbuilder A. Leslie and Company, to become Hawthorn Leslie and Company.
Hawthorns and Company, Leith
In 1846, they bought the Leith Engine Works, in Leith, Scotland, for the assembly of locomotives prepared in Newcastle. These works were sold to another company also called Hawthorns and Company, which produced some four hundred locomotives on its own account until 1872.
In 1859, Hawthorns, Leith, built an 0-4-0T locomotive for Messrs E. & J. Pickering, contractors for the construction of the Cape Town-Wellington Railway in the Cape Colony. This locomotive was the first steam locomotive to run in South Africa. In 1861 the Cape Town-Wellington Railway Company took over all construction, and the locomotive, from Pickerings and the locomotive became the Cape Town-Wellington Railway's no 9, later to become known as "Blackie". It was subsequently rebuilt to a configuration. In 1936 it was proclaimed a national monument and has since been plinthed in the concourse at Cape Town station.
In 1861, Hawthorns supplied an 0-4-0WT locomotive, works number 244, to the Howe Bridge Colliery in Lancashire. Named Ellesmere, it continued in use at the colliery until 1957, when it was the oldest working steam engine in Britain. It is now preserved in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh.
Notes and references
Bradley, D.L. (1979) The locomotive history of the London Chatham and Dover Railway, Railway Correspondence and Travel Society.
Lowe, J.W., (1989) British Steam Locomotive Builders, Guild Publishing.
Clarke, J.F., (1977) Power on Land & Sea - a history of R & W Hawthorn Leslie, Hawthorn Leslie (Engineers) Ltd.
Hawthorn
Manufacturing companies based in Newcastle upon Tyne
Engineering companies of Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%20and%20W%20Hawthorn |
Banco Espírito Santo (BES) was a Portuguese bank based in Lisbon that on 4 August 2014 was split in two banks: Novo Banco, which kept its healthy operations, and a "bad bank" to keep its toxic assets.
It once was the second-largest listed Portuguese bank and the ninth-largest contributor to the PSI-20 index. BES was the second-largest private financial institution in Portugal in terms of net assets (€80,700 million in March 2011), with an average market share of 20.3% in Portugal and 2.1 million clients.
On 3 August 2014, Banco de Portugal, Portugal's central bank, announced a €4.4 billion bailout of BES that heralded the end of BES as a private bank. The bailout was funded by the Portuguese Resolution Fund (). The bank was split into a healthy bank, Novo Banco, while the toxic assets remained in the existing bank until its liquidation in July 2016.
It has since been proven that the administration of BES led by Ricardo Salgado "disobeyed the Bank of Portugal 21 times, between December 2013 and July 2014", practising "wilful acts of ruinous management".
History
Banco Espírito Santo's origins began with the lottery, currency exchange, and securities business carried out by José Maria do Espírito Santo e Silva between 1869 and 1884. The first references to trading that the “patriarch of the only dynasty of Portuguese bankers” was undertaking was in the purchase and sale of lotteries, along with national and international transactions in loan securities, on his own account. This took place in his Casa de Cambio, situated in centre of Lisbon and which dated back to the second half of the 19th century (1869). Since then and until 1920, he founded a number of banking institutions, such as Beirão, Silva Pinto & Cª., (1884–1887), Silva, Beirão, Pinto & Cª. (1897–1911), J. M. Espírito Santo Silva (1911–1915), and J. M. Espírito Santo Silva & Cª. (1915).
In 1915, after the death of José Maria do Espírito Santo e Silva, these firms were dissolved and his heirs founded the Casa Bancária Espírito Santo Silva & Cª, which was transformed into a public limited-liability company in 1920 under the name Banco Espírito Santo with the bank, in this decade, managing to consolidate its position within the context of national banking by opening agencies and using a renewed management model.
In 1937, the bank strengthened its position in commercial banking through a merger with Banco Comercial de Lisboa to form Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa (BESCL), which again changed its name to BES in 1999.
Up to the mid-1970s, BESCL reinforced its international presence with acquisitions, partnerships, and the creation of banks in countries such as the United States, Angola, and the United Kingdom, among others. Under a Decree Law of 1975, the bank was nationalised and the Espírito Santo family was prevented from doing business in Portugal. Within this context, the family re-established its financial interests abroad in countries such as Brazil, Switzerland, France, and the United States, culminating in 1975 with the creation of a holding company based in Luxembourg. This company was the predecessor of the Espírito Santo Financial Group (ESFG).
The return to Portugal began in 1986 in partnership with Crédit Agricole and with the support of a core group of Portuguese shareholders. They formed the Banco Internacional de Crédito (BIC), also forming Espírito Santo Sociedade de Investimentos (ESSI), together with Swiss bank UBS and KBC Bank of Luxembourg.
In 1990, the Espírito Santo Group recovered Companhia de Seguros Tranquilidade — the Espirito Santo family held a stake since 1935 — and the control of Banco Espírito Santo in 1991 with the creation of a holding company between ESFG and Crédit Agricole, called BESPAR.
In 1992, BES began operating in the Spanish market where it created Banco Espírito Santo S.A. and in 1995, to open Banco Espírito Santo do Oriente (BESOR) that offers corporate and investment solutions to private clients. Also, in 2001, Banco Espírito Santo Angola, a bank formed under Angolan law, was founded.
In the first six months of 2014 the bank lost the equivalent of $4.8 billion raising concerns about the health of the bank. BES shares fell by 89 per cent. On 3 August 2014, Portugal's central bank announced BES would be restructured by splitting the bank into two. This announcement, following BES record Q2 loss of €3.49 billion, allowed Portuguese stocks to outperform the broader European market the next day.
Former structure
BES has had a stable shareholder structure since 1991. The main shareholders, ESFG and Crédit Agricole, hold 50.8% of the capital. The Group's presence today is felt in 23 countries on four continents through branches, offices of representation, or sub-companies, making the Banco Espírito Santo Group the most international of the Portuguese financial groups. Since 2007, BES has been the only Portuguese bank to be included on the sustainability index FTSE4Good Index reinforcing its positioning as a socially responsible institution. On 3 January 2011, BES was nominated "Best Trade Financial Bank" in Portugal for the fifth consecutive year by Global Finance magazine.
See also
Cardmobili
Espírito Santo Financial Group
Inter-Alpha Group of Banks
References
Bank failures
Defunct banks of Portugal
Banks established in 1869
Banks disestablished in 2014
1869 establishments in Portugal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banco%20Esp%C3%ADrito%20Santo |
Shark Island is an American glam metal band from Los Angeles, California, United States, that formed in 1986. and reformed in 2017 and is currently touring clubs and hair metal festivals in Europe. The band are mainly known for their "cult hit" album, Law of the Order.
History
1979–1982: Sharks
Sharks started in 1979 by vocalist Rick Czerny and lead guitarist, Spencer Sercombe. Czerny and Sercombe met in high school playing together and began writing original material. Spencer eventually began working for B.C. Rich guitars. While working at B.C. Rich, Spencer had a hand in the designing of one their most popular guitars, The Warlock.
The band practiced out of a small home in a commercial area in Arcadia on Santa Clara Street. The walls of the studio were lined with empty Mickey's Big Mouth bottles, the official Sharks beer and the inspiration behind the band's original logo. The band was completed by drummer Dave Bishop and bassist Jim Volpicelli.
The original band of Czerny, Sercombe, Volpicelli and Bishop released an independent album called Altar Ego in 1982. This album was produced by Jerry Tolman, and featured organist Mike "The Fin" Finnegan. Both had done work with Stephen Stills. Executive producer was Jeff Willmitt. It was recorded at That Studio in North Hollywood.
As well as Altar Ego, Sharks released three singles. The first was a unique "triple fin-shaped" 45, that when inserted into the jacket, cut through the ocean image on the cover. Side A was "Kid Sister" and Side B was "Your Car or Mine." Both were recorded at Mystic Studios in Hollywood, CA. "Hey" was a live single recorded on May 10, 1981, at The Ice House in Pasadena, Sharks' hometown. On the flip side was Mark Bolan's "Bang a Gong (Get It On)". The executive producer for both 45s was Jeff Willmitt. The artwork of "Hey" featured a black 45 rpm sleeve with "Live Sharks" across the top in bold red letters with three USDA stamps stating, "Guaranteed Live" on the top of the stamp. "Packed in Its Own Juice" was on the bottom of the stamp.
In the middle of the stamp it said, "U.S.D.A. Shark Meat Choice" looking like an actual stamp from the U.S.D.A. The other single was "I'm Electric" which featured a drum machine rather than Bishop playing real and live drums. On the backside of that single is "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town". The lyrics are substituted and recorded to the tune of the Judas Priest song, "Heading Out to the Highway".
No artwork was created for this second single. This was considered a "souvenir" and was given out to the fans when Sharks headlined. Oftentimes, Sharks made themselves available after their performances to the dozens of fans who wanted, and somewhat demanded, autographs to these same "souvenirs."
During those years, Sharks became one of the most popular bands to emerge from the Los Angeles glam metal scene. The Hollywood scene was alive those years, and The Sharks shared bills with various heavy metal acts such as Mötley Crüe, Quiet Riot, and The Michael Schenker Group in venues like The Whiskey, The Icehouse, The Roxy or The Troubadour The Starwood.
Rick Czerny, who later changed his name to Richard Black, had his unique and signature stage moves and dancing that influenced Axl Rose. Dave Bishop was the drummer of Sharks while they were enjoying the height of their popularity in Hollywood. Bishop used various shapes and sizes of cowbell. His drum kit had a shark's jaws fastened to his bass drum facing the crowd. Jim Volpicelli handled bass guitar. One of Volcipelli's basses had an air-brushed shark's head and teeth painted near the control knobs. Volpicelli's vocals were strong and melodic bringing a very different sound to Sharks.
1985–1986: Name change and S'cool Buss
In 1985, Sharks changed their name to Shark Island. They became the house band at Gazzari's on the Sunset Strip. Owner Bill Gazzari helped produce a cover of the Frank Sinatra song "New York, New York" which appeared on the band's independently released album, S'cool Buss, in 1986. The line-up now included Richard Black on lead vocals, Spencer "Burner" Sercombe on guitar/vocals, Walt Woodward III (ex-Rachel, Americade) on drums/vocals, Tom Rucci on bass/vocals/keyboards and Michael Guy on guitar/bass. Rick Derringer produced most of the album and there were 1,200 copies made (200 in a red cover and 1,000 in a turquoise color). "Palace of Pleasure" was the unofficial single of this album. The former Sharks' rhythm section, Jim Volpicelli (bass) and Dave Bishop (drums) are credited with co-writing four of the nine songs.
Shark Island were able to secure a record development deal. They were signed by A&M Records for one year with no promise of a record contract. During this time, the line-up continued to shift with drummer Walt Woodward III leaving to join the Scream. and the departure of guitarist K.K. Martin. Rob Pace, from Chicago, filled in on drums during this time. Sercombe also did studio work with Sparks, playing guitar on the band's 1988 Interior Design album.
1989–1994: Law of the Order, Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure and Point Break
Chris Heilman and drummer Greg Ellis joined in 1989 to record and release the band's first album: Law of the Order. The single, "Paris Calling", had an elaborate music video. Randy Nicklaus was the producer for Epic Records. The band's live energy was not fully captured in the studio.
With the disappointing CD sales of the album and no promotion from Epic Records, the band vanished from the scene with most of its members joining other projects. Law of the Order was re-issued in 2004 by French independent label, Bad Reputation, as a double CD. That included bonus tracks culled from the July 14, 1989 Bastille Day - Alive At The Whiskey EP, "Father Time" and "Dangerous" from the 1989 Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure soundtrack, "My City" from the 1991 Point Break soundtrack, and LOTO era live cuts, "Spellbound' and "Sanctuary".
In 1994, the band attempted to re-form with the new line-up of Ricky Ricardo on bass, Eric Ragno (Takara, Seven Witches) - keyboards, Richard Black - vocals, Simon Wright (AC/DC, Dio) - drums and Damir Simic Shine on guitar.
1991–2012: Solo projects
Richard Black went on to join short-lived supergroup Contraband in 1991, with Michael Schenker and Bobby Blotzer (Ratt), Share Pedersen (Vixen) and Tracii Guns (L.A. Guns). Black started a band called Black 13 in the mid-1990s but never released any albums. In late 2000, it was announced that Black would front Bourgeois Pigs, a band put together by guitarist Michael Guy (ex-Shark Island, Fire, House of Lords) and also featuring Jake E. Lee (ex-Ozzy Osbourne, Badlands) on lead guitar and Tony Franklin (ex-the Firm, Blue Murder) on bass. Ultimately, the band disbanded without releasing an album.
Spencer Sercombe teamed up with German guitar legend Michael Schenker and appeared on the 1992 MSG acoustic album Unplugged Live. In 1993, he recorded the Love Revolution EP with Jamie Rio And Newmatic Slam. He joined the Riverdogs for a European tour in 1994 and collaborated with the band's vocalist Rob Lamothe on his 1996 debut solo album, Gravity. Sercombe and Riverdogs drummer Ronnie Ciago both joined former Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward's solo band although only Ciago appears on the 1997 When the Bough Breaks album. Sercombe also played in a ZZ Top tribute band called Fandango. He later moved to Germany, guesting on Gigantor's 2001 album, 'Back to the Rockets, and singer/guitarist Eddie St. James' 2013 release, Streets Cry Freedom, with whom he has also done shows as an acoustic guitar duo.
Greg Ellis left the band and played in Michael Monroe's band and in Jerusalem Slim, featuring Monroe and guitarist Steve Stevens. They released one self-titled album in 1992. Ellis went on to form world music duo Vas with Iranian born vocalist Azam Ali, releasing a total of 4 albums between 1997 and 2004. He guested on Steve Stevens' 1999 solo album, Flamenco A Go-Go. Ellis has also recorded with Psytrance act Juno Reactor and his own ambient group, Biomusique, who issued 10,000 Steps in 2008.
Chris Heilman has previously been in Tormé and went on to play guitar with Chromosapien with Doni Castello from Burning Tree on vocals, bassist Dan Rothchild, formerly of Tonic, guitarist Craig McCloskey, and LA session drummer Dan Potruch.
Walt Woodward III joined the Scream and appeared on their Let It Scream debut album before doing a stint with surf guitar legend Dick Dale. Returning to his native New Jersey, he played in various local bands, including The Painkillers. Woodward died June 8, 2010, from liver failure.
2005–2013: Gathering of the Faithful and new line-up
In 2005, Shark Island reunited to re-record various previously written and demoed songs for the album Gathering of the Faithful, produced by guitarist Spencer Sercombe with additional production from German Villacorta and vocalist Richard Black. The line-up featured Black on vocals, Sercombe on guitars, piano, synthesizer and vocals, Christian Heilman on bass and new drummer, Glen Sobel, now with Alice Cooper. The album was released in Europe on Frontiers Records in 2006 and via Manifest Music in the U.S. in 2007.
In 2013, Black put together a new line-up of Shark Island and played classic-era material in Europe including a show in Zagreb, Croatia.
2019–present: New studio album
In 2019, the band released a new studio album, Bloodline. The album was limited to a worldwide print of only 1111 copies. The Shark Island family now consists of Richard Black (vocals), Damir Simic (guitar), Alen Frjlak (drums) and returning Shark Island member Christian Heilmann (bass). Credit is also given to Marko Karacic (bass). Bloodline was produced by Alex Kane mixed by Sylvia Massy. The collection has ten original songs and one cover of "Policy of Truth" by Depeche Mode.
Personnel
Current members
Richard Black – lead vocals
Damir Simic – guitar
Alex Kane – guitar
Christian Heilmann – bass
Alen Frljak – drums
Former members
Spencer Sercombe – lead guitar
Greg Ellis – drums
Michael Guy – guitar, bass guitar
Tom Rucci – bass guitar, keyboards, backing vocals
Walt Woodward III – drums
Jim Volpicelli – bass guitar, backing vocals
Jimi Brand - bass guitar
Dave Bishop – drums
Robert 'RP' Pace – drums
Discography
Studio albums
Altar Ego (1981)
S'cool Buss (1986)
Law of the Order (1989)
Gathering of the Faithful (2006)
Bloodline (2019)
Bloodline 2.020 (2020)
Promotional EPs
July 14, 1989 Bastille Day - Alive at the Whiskey (1989)
Singles
"Kid Sister" b/w "Your Car or Mine" (1980)
"Hey" b/w "Get It On" (1981)
"I'm Electric" b/w "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" (1983)
Soundtrack appearances
References
External links
Official Shark Island website
MelodicRock.com interview with Richard Black (2006)
Rockwired interview with Richard Black (2007)
A&M Records artists
Epic Records artists
Frontiers Records artists
Glam metal musical groups from California
Heavy metal musical groups from California
Musical groups established in 1979
Musical groups disestablished in 1992
MCA Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shark%20Island%20%28band%29 |
A 1256 Contract, as defined in section 1256 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, is any regulated futures contracts, foreign currency contracts, non-equity options (broad-based stock index options (including cash-settled ones), debt options, commodity futures options, and currency options), dealer equity options, and any dealer security futures contracts. For U.S. Federal income tax purposes, mark-to-market accounting is used for each 1256 contract as of the end of each tax year, and such contracts are treated as sold for its fair market value on the last business day of such taxable year (i.e., as "closed").
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is not clear on whether QQQ, DIA and SPY options should be treated as section 1256 contracts. On one hand, these are seen as equity options, not within the definition of a 1256 Contract, but others consider them as non-equity option and meeting the definition of a "broad-based" index option. Instead, the IRS grants penalty relief if a broker determines in good faith that an index is, or is not, a narrow-based index, following published guidelines.
Tax advantages
Any gain or loss from a 1256 Contract is treated for tax purposes as 40% short-term gain and 60% long-term gain, regardless of holding period. Because most futures contracts are held for less than the 12-month minimum holding period for long-term capital gains tax rates; the gain from any non-1256 contract will typically be taxed at the higher short-term rate. Thus the 1256 Contract designation enhances the marketability based on the after-tax attractiveness of these products. The reason for the implementation of section 1256 was the fact that traders were hedging their short term futures contracts (going long and short at the same time) to transition to the next tax year without paying the short-term capital gains tax on these positions, and were effectively making these positions qualify for long-term tax treatment.
Individuals with a net Section 1256 contract loss can elect to carry it back three years (instead of being carried forward to the following year), starting with the earliest year, but only to a year in which there is a net Section 1256 contracts gain, and only up to the extent of such gain (the carrying back cannot produce a net operating loss for the year). To carry your loss back, file Form 1045, Application for Tentative Refund, or an amended return. Attach an amended Form 6781 and an amended Schedule D (Form 1040) for the applicable years.
See also
99-year lease
Securities Exchange Act
References
Derivatives (finance)
United States federal income tax | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1256%20Contract |
Lake railway station is a station on the Isle of Wight serving the village of Lake, situated in a quiet residential area not far from Lake Cliff Gardens and the beach at Sandown Bay. Until the construction of an interchange station with the Isle of Wight Steam Railway at Smallbrook Junction in 1991, this station was the newest on the island: it was opened by British Rail in 1987. The station is formed of a single platform with a shelter.
Services
All services at Lake are operated by Island Line using EMUs.
The typical off-peak service in trains per hour is:
2 tph to of which 1 continues to
2 tph to
These services call at all stations, except , which is served only during operating dates for the Isle of Wight Steam Railway.
References
External links
Railway stations on the Isle of Wight
DfT Category F2 stations
Railway stations opened by British Rail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1987
Island Line railway stations (Isle of Wight) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20railway%20station |
Animal models of ischemic stroke are procedures inducing cerebral ischemia. The aim is the study of basic processes or potential therapeutic interventions in this disease, and the extension of the pathophysiological knowledge on and/or the improvement of medical treatment of human ischemic stroke.
Ischemic stroke has a complex pathophysiology involving the interplay of many different cells and tissues such as neurons, glia, endothelium, and the immune system. These events cannot be mimicked satisfactorily in vitro yet. Thus a large portion of stroke research is conducted on animals.
Overview
Several models in different species are currently known to produce cerebral ischemia. Global ischemia models, both complete and incomplete, tend to be easier to perform. However, they are less immediately relevant to human stroke than the focal stroke models, because global ischemia is not a common feature of human stroke. However, in various settings global ischemia is also relevant, e.g. in global anoxic brain damage due to cardiac arrest. Different species also vary in their susceptibility to the various types of ischemic insults. An example is gerbils. They do not have a Circle of Willis and stroke can be induced by common carotid artery occlusion alone.
Mechanisms of inducing ischemic stroke
Some of the mechanisms which have been used are:
Complete global ischemia
Decapitation
Aorta/vena cava occlusion
External neck tourniquet or cuff
Cardiac arrest
Incomplete global ischemia
Hemorrhage or hypotension
Hypoxic ischemia
Intracranial hypertension and common carotid artery occlusion
Two-vessel occlusion and hypotension
Four-vessel occlusion
Unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (in some species only)
Focal cerebral ischemia
Endothelin-1-induced constriction of arteries and veins
Middle cerebral artery occlusion
Spontaneous brain infarction (in spontaneously hypertensive rats)
Macrosphere embolization
Multifocal cerebral ischemia
Blood clot embolization
Microsphere embolization
Photothrombosis
Hypoxic Ischemia models
One of the most commonly used animal models of hypoxic ischemia was originally described by Levine in 1960 and later refined by Rice et al., in 1981. This approach is useful to study hypoxic ischemia in the developing brain, since newborn rat pups are utilized in this model. Briefly, 7 day old rat pups undergo a permanent unilateral carotid artery ligation with a subsequent 3 hour exposure to a hypoxic environment (8% oxygen). This model creates a unilateral infarct in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the ligation, since the hypoxia alone is subthreshold for injury at this age. The area of injury is typically concentrated in periventricular regions of the brain, especially cortical and hippocampal areas.
Focal ischemia models
They are divided into techniques including reperfusion of the ischemic tissue (transient focal cerebral ischemia) and those without reperfusion (permanent focal cerebral ischemia). The following models are established :
Endothelin-1 -induced constriction of arteries and veins
Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)
MCAO avoiding craniotomy
Embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion
Endovascular filament middle cerebral artery occlusion (transient or permanent)
MCAO involving craniotomy
Permanent transcranial middle cerebral artery occlusion
Transient transcranial middle cerebral artery occlusion
Direct tissue damage
Cerebrocortical photothrombosis
Endothelin-1 -induced constriction of arteries and veins
Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor which is produced endogenously during ischemic stroke and which contributes to overall loss of cells and disability. Exogenous endothelin-1 can also be used to induce stroke and cell death after sustained vasoconstriction with reperfusion. It can be microinjected to induce focal stroke in small tissue volumes (e.g., cortical grey matter, white matter or subcortical tissue) or after injection near the Middle cerebral artery. It is often used as a model of focal stroke to evaluate candidate pro-regenerative therapies. One advantage of this model of stroke is that it causes highly reproducible infarcts. Another benefit is that it can be used in elderly rats with only very low resulting mortality.
Embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion
Middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion is achieved in this model by injecting particles like blood clots (thrombembolic MCAO) or artificial spheres into the carotid artery of animals as an animal model of ischemic stroke. Thrombembolic MCAO is achieved either by injecting clots that were formed in vitro or by endovascular instillation of thrombin for in situ clotting . The thrombembolic model is closest to the pathophysiology of human cardioembolic stroke. When injecting spheres into the cerebral circulation, their size determines the pattern of brain infarction: Macrospheres (300–400 µm) induce infarcts similar to those achieved by occlusion of the proximal MCA , whereas microsphere (~ 50 µm) injection results in distal, diffuse embolism . However, the quality of MCAO – and thus the volume of brain infarcts – is very variable, a fact which is further aggravated by a certain rate of spontaneous lysis of injected blood clots.
Endovascular filament middle cerebral artery occlusion
The technique of endovascular filament (intraluminal suture) MCAO as an animal model of ischemic stroke was described first by Koizumi . It is applied to rats and mice. A piece of surgical filament is introduced into the internal carotid artery and forwarded until the tip occludes the origin of the middle cerebral artery, resulting in a cessation of blood flow and subsequent brain infarction in its area of supply. If the suture is removed after a certain interval, reperfusion is achieved (transient MCAO); if the filament is left in place the procedure is suitable as model of permanent MCAO, too. The most common modification is based on Longa (1989) who described filament introduction via the external carotid artery, allowing closure of the access point with preserved blood supply via the common and internal carotid artery to the brain after the removal of the filament. Known pitfalls of this method are insufficient occlusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage , hyperthermia , and necrosis of the ipsilateral extracranial tissue . Filament MCAO is not applicable to all rat strains .
Permanent transcranial middle cerebral artery occlusion
In this animal model of ischemic stroke the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is surgically dissected and subsequently permanently occluded, e.g. by electrocautery or ligation. Occlusion can be performed on the proximal or distal part of the MCA. In the latter, ischemic damage is restricted to the cerebral cortex. MCAO can be combined with temporal or permanent common carotid artery occlusion. These models require a small craniotomy.
Transient transcranial middle cerebral artery occlusion
The technique of modeling ischemic stroke by transient transcranial MCAO is similar to that of permanent transcranial MCAO, with the MCA being reperfused after a defined period of focal cerebral ischemia . Like permanent MCAO, craniotomy is required and common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion can be combined. Occluding one MCA and both CCAs is referred to as the three vessel occlusion model of focal cerebral ischemia.
Cerebrocortical photothrombosis
Photothrombotic models of ischemic stroke use local intravascular photocoagulation of circumscribed cortical areas. After intravenous injection of photosensitive dyes like rose-bengal, the brain is irradiated through the skull via a small hole or a thinned cranial window, leading to photochemical occlusion of the irradiated vessels with secondary tissue ischemia . This approach was initially proposed by Rosenblum and El-Sabban in 1977, and improved by Watson in 1985 in the rat brain. This method has also been adapted for use in mice.
See also
animal models of stroke
References
References
Ischemia
Ischemic stroke
Stroke | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal%20model%20of%20ischemic%20stroke |
A perfectly matched layer (PML) is an artificial absorbing layer for wave equations, commonly used to truncate computational regions in numerical methods to simulate problems with open boundaries, especially in the FDTD and FE methods. The key property of a PML that distinguishes it from an ordinary absorbing material is that it is designed so that waves incident upon the PML from a non-PML medium do not reflect at the interface—this property allows the PML to strongly absorb outgoing waves from the interior of a computational region without reflecting them back into the interior.
PML was originally formulated by Berenger in 1994 for use with Maxwell's equations, and since that time there have been several related reformulations of PML for both Maxwell's equations and for other wave-type equations, such as elastodynamics, the linearized Euler equations, Helmholtz equations, and poroelasticity. Berenger's original formulation is called a split-field PML, because it splits the electromagnetic fields into two unphysical fields in the PML region. A later formulation that has become more popular because of its simplicity and efficiency is called uniaxial PML or UPML, in which the PML is described as an artificial anisotropic absorbing material. Although both Berenger's formulation and UPML were initially derived by manually constructing the conditions under which incident plane waves do not reflect from the PML interface from a homogeneous medium, both formulations were later shown to be equivalent to a much more elegant and general approach: stretched-coordinate PML. In particular, PMLs were shown to correspond to a coordinate transformation in which one (or more) coordinates are mapped to complex numbers; more technically, this is actually an analytic continuation of the wave equation into complex coordinates, replacing propagating (oscillating) waves by exponentially decaying waves. This viewpoint allows PMLs to be derived for inhomogeneous media such as waveguides, as well as for other coordinate systems and wave equations.
Technical description
Specifically, for a PML designed to absorb waves propagating in the x direction, the following transformation is included in the wave equation. Wherever an x derivative appears in the wave equation, it is replaced by:
where is the angular frequency and is some function of x. Wherever is positive, propagating waves are attenuated because:
where we have taken a planewave propagating in the +x direction (for ) and applied the transformation (analytic continuation) to complex coordinates: , or equivalently . The same coordinate transformation causes waves to attenuate whenever their x dependence is in the form for some propagation constant k: this includes planewaves propagating at some angle with the x axis and also transverse modes of a waveguide.
The above coordinate transformation can be left as-is in the transformed wave equations, or can be combined with the material description (e.g. the permittivity and permeability in Maxwell's equations) to form a UPML description. The coefficient σ/ω depends upon frequency—this is so the attenuation rate is proportional to k/ω, which is independent of frequency in a homogeneous material (not including material dispersion, e.g. for vacuum) because of the dispersion relation between ω and k. However, this frequency-dependence means that a time domain implementation of PML, e.g. in the FDTD method, is more complicated than for a frequency-independent absorber, and involves the auxiliary differential equation (ADE) approach (equivalently, i/ω appears as an integral or convolution in time domain).
Perfectly matched layers, in their original form, only attenuate propagating waves; purely evanescent waves (exponentially decaying fields) oscillate in the PML but do not decay more quickly. However, the attenuation of evanescent waves can also be accelerated by including a real coordinate stretching in the PML: this corresponds to making σ in the above expression a complex number, where the imaginary part yields a real coordinate stretching that causes evanescent waves to decay more quickly.
Limitations of perfectly matched layers
PML is widely used and has become the absorbing boundary technique of choice in much of computational electromagnetism. Although it works well in most cases, there are a few important cases in which it breaks down, suffering from unavoidable reflections or even exponential growth.
One caveat with perfectly matched layers is that they are only reflectionless for the exact, continuous wave equation. Once the wave equation is discretized for simulation on a computer, some small numerical reflections appear (which vanish with increasing resolution). For this reason, the PML absorption coefficient σ is typically turned on gradually from zero (e.g. quadratically) over a short distance on the scale of the wavelength of the wave. In general, any absorber, whether PML or not, is reflectionless in the limit where it turns on sufficiently gradually (and the absorbing layer becomes thicker), but in a discretized system the benefit of PML is to reduce the finite-thickness "transition" reflection by many orders of magnitude compared to a simple isotropic absorption coefficient.
In certain materials, there are "backward-wave" solutions in which group and phase velocity are opposite to one another. This occurs in "left-handed" negative index metamaterials for electromagnetism and also for acoustic waves in certain solid materials, and in these cases the standard PML formulation is unstable: it leads to exponential growth rather than decay, simply because the sign of k is flipped in the analysis above. Fortunately, there is a simple solution in a left-handed medium (for which all waves are backwards): merely flip the sign of σ. A complication, however, is that physical left-handed materials are dispersive: they are only left-handed within a certain frequency range, and therefore the σ coefficient must be made frequency-dependent. Unfortunately, even without exotic materials, one can design certain waveguiding structures (such as a hollow metal tube with a high-index cylinder in its center) that exhibit both backwards- and forwards-wave solutions at the same frequency, such that any sign choice for σ will lead to exponential growth, and in such cases PML appears to be irrecoverably unstable.
Another important limitation of PML is that it requires that the medium be invariant in the direction orthogonal to the boundary, in order to support the analytic continuation of the solution to complex coordinates (the complex "coordinate stretching"). As a consequence, the PML approach is no longer valid (no longer reflectionless at infinite resolution) in the case of periodic media (e.g. photonic crystals or phononic crystals) or even simply a waveguide that enters the boundary at an oblique angle.
See also
Cagniard–de Hoop method
References
External links
Animation on the effects of PML (YouTube)
Numerical differential equations
Partial differential equations
Wave mechanics
Computational electromagnetics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfectly%20matched%20layer |
Kiplin Hall is a Jacobean historic house at Kiplin in North Yorkshire, England, and a Grade I listed building. It is not far from the River Swale in the Vale of Mowbray. Kiplin Hall is rich in education, in architecture and art, a museum of history, a gallery and provides a biographical record of its past English country house owners. The nearest villages are Scorton, Great Langton and Bolton-on-Swale.
Early settlement
As with many great estates, the history of Kiplin was shaped by the 16th century religious conflicts around the Reformation. The land was originally a monastic holding under the ownership of Easby Abbey. Following the dissolution of the monasteries the land at Kiplin passed to John Scrope, 8th Baron Scrope of Bolton, and then to Thomas Wharton, 2nd Baron Wharton.
Seventeenth century founding
The house was built sometime during 1622–1625 for George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore.
Initially built as a hunting lodge, it was a slightly rectangular building fashioned of red brick with diamond patterning known as diapering formed from blue-black headers incorporated into the brick bond. Kiplin had four towers, which unusually were not placed at the corners of the structure but at the centre of each of the four walls, the north and south towers containing staircases whilst the east and west comprised part of the rooms in which they were contained. At the summit of each tower is an ogee dome.
Eighteenth century
In 1722 Charles Calvert, found himself in financial difficulties and sold the Kiplin estate to his mother's second husband (his stepfather), Christopher Crowe, for £7,000 (). Crowe had been British Consul in Livorno, Italy, and enjoyed the lucrative contract for supplying the British naval fleet with wine and olive oil. Combined with his activities in collecting antiquities for the British aristocracy his wealth and power grew. He found the hundred-year-old house lacking comfort - the Calverts had never lived there - and set about a renovation programme including the addition of a grand staircase, fireplaces and dado rails as well as a servants' wing to the north (much of which was demolished in the 1970s). Crowe enlarged the Kiplin estate to some 4,000 acres.
Nineteenth century
In 1817 Christopher Crowe's great-granddaughter Sarah Crowe married John Delaval Carpenter, fourth (and final) Earl of Tyrconnell of the fourth creation. The first Earl's daughter had been mistress to a Prince and Almeria Carpenter's portrait by Angelica Kauffmann is displayed in the dining room.
Lady Tyrconnell inherited Kiplin the following year and in 1819 commissioned the architect P. F. Robinson to build a wing to the south. Built in 'Wyatville's Gothic', this room was initially a Gothic-style drawing room. After 30 years of marriage the couple had one daughter, Elizabeth, who died the day she was born. They were now faced with the problem of to whom they might pass the Hall and estate on their own deaths. Predeceased by her husband, in 1868 Sarah died, leaving the estate to John Carpenter's first cousin twice removed, Captain Walter Cecil Talbot.
Talbot was the second son of Henry John Chetwynd-Talbot, 18th Earl of Shrewsbury and inherited Kiplin Hall on condition that he legally change his surname to Carpenter, marry a Protestant and submit to a seven-yearly examination of his faith by a team of Anglican clergy. He accepted these conditions and inherited the estate in 1868, eventually taking up residence in 1887. He instructed the architect William Eden Nesfield to add a further floor to the Gothic-style drawing room and the space was converted to a Jacobean-style library. His second wife, Beatrice de Grey, was prominent in the Arts and Crafts movement and the Hall contains some beautiful works by local craftsmen in this style. Eventually he was promoted to Admiral but died on a trip to London in 1904 and his only daughter, Sarah Marie Talbot Carpenter, inherited.
Twentieth century
Sarah Talbot Carpenter married Christopher Hatton Turnor from Stoke Rochford in Lincolnshire in 1907 but they had no children. The couple never resided at Kiplin and the house was let. Five sales of land reduced the estate to 120 acres and disposed of many of the tenant farms, land and cottages that had contributed to its running. The estate entered virtually a century of decline. Much of the nearby local landscape has since been extensively quarried for sand and gravel extraction.
In 1937 Sarah Turnor shared ownership of the Hall with her first cousin, Bridget Elizabeth Talbot, daughter of the Admiral's youngest brother, Alfred. Miss Talbot had happy memories of visiting the estate in her childhood and had previously campaigned to save the Ashridge Estate near her home in Little Gaddesden (near Berkhamstead). In an attempt to capitalise on the connection with Maryland (see above) she advertised the Hall as a guest house to American visitors and as a conference centre. From 1937 until 1958 she tried to interest the National Trust in taking over Kiplin but it remained largely indifferent, considering the Hall of little historical significance and insisting that the north and south wings, which were later additions, would have to be demolished.
During the Second World War the Hall was requisitioned by the Royal Air Force and used as a maintenance unit, storing and supplying armaments for local airfields at RAF Catterick, RAF Croft and RAF Middleton St George. In addition some of the rooms were converted to flats for officers’ use and it was used by men from the 1st Battalion of the East Lancashire Regiment as a place to recover after being rescued at Dunkirk.
In February 1968 Miss Talbot set up the Kiplin Hall Trust, its purpose being to hold Kiplin Hall and its appurtenances in trust permanently to preserve them for the benefit of the nation as a place of beauty and historical and architectural interest. Bridget Talbot died in November 1971, leaving the contents of the Hall to the Trust, which still cares for the Hall and estate today.
Bridget Talbot was a rather "remarkable woman who received the Italian Medal for Valour for her work with the Red Cross on the Italian-Austrian front during the First World War and who invented a waterproof torch for lifebelts which saved the lives of many seamen during the Second World War. She stood as a Liberal Party candidate for Bermondsey in 1950 and in 1968 established the Kiplin Charitable Trust to preserve the Hall." Bridget Talbot was awarded for her service the Italian Medal of Military Valor (Medaglia d'oro al Valore Militare) for exceptional valour as a nurse, Croce di Guerra (Croce al Merito di Guerra) and the British Order of the British Empire as an Officer of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (O.B.E.).
Twenty-first century
Following extensive renovation and refurbishment the property is now open to the public and represents an insight into almost four centuries of life in North Yorkshire.
A permanent exhibition charts the founding of Maryland by George Calvert and the lives of the families who lived in Kiplin Hall through the centuries.
Historic records of Kiplin Hall and its families from the early 18th century to the 21st century are held at the North Yorkshire County Record Office in Northallerton and at Kiplin Hall.
Kiplin Hall provides programmes that support the National Curriculum Attainment Targets in art, art and design, patterns/materials/buildings, geography, history, physical education and science. Specific programmes include Victorian Childhood, Portraits, Patterns and Materials, Nature Detectives and the Second World War – How children lived (KS2 only).
Collaboration
In 1986 the University of Maryland, with funding from the state of Maryland, opened the University of Maryland Study Center at Kiplin Hall, established a resource "built out of what was originally a stable house and blacksmith’s shop." It is open for students in the School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation.
Washington College in Maryland offers a three-week summer course in English Literature. Lectures are presented each morning and students participate in afternoon field excursions that include historic, literary, landscape and architectural sites of interest. Influential literary figures such as Wordsworth, Coleridge and Shelley found the area around Kiplin Hall inspiring to their works.
The University of South Carolina has a summer course (Hist 786) in England to "provide comparisons with U.S. theory and practice in archives administration, museum management, and historic preservation. It offers behind-the-scenes tours of museums and historic sites, as well as meetings with curators, archivists, administrators, and government officials to discuss the practice of public history in the UK." This includes Kiplin Hall.
Awards
Kiplin Hall received two Hudson's Heritage Awards in two categories "at a prestigious awards ceremony in London" on 3 December 2012. One was England's "Hidden Gem" award and the other was for the "Best New Discovery".
Images
References
External links
Kiplin Hall restored to former glory – BBC news clip
Tag Archives: Kiplin Hall
Kiplin Hall – Open Charities
1625 establishments in England
art museums and galleries in North Yorkshire
biographical museums in North Yorkshire
Calvert family residences
country houses in North Yorkshire
Grade I listed buildings in North Yorkshire
Grade I listed houses
historic house museums in North Yorkshire
houses completed in 1625
houses completed in the 18th century
Jacobean architecture in the United Kingdom
military history of North Yorkshire
museums in North Yorkshire
National Trust properties in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiplin%20Hall |
A 988 transaction is a transaction described in section 988(c)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code in the United States of America. This transaction occurs when a taxpayer enters into or acquires any debt instrument, forward contract, futures contract, option, or similar financial instrument held in a non-functional currency. The rules for 988 transactions do not apply to any regulated futures contract or non-equity options which would be marked to market under 26 USCA § 1256 (1256 contract) if held on the last day of the taxable year.
History
The provisions covering 988 transactions were enacted as part of the Tax Reform Act of 1986.
Application
The foreign currency gain or loss on a 988 transaction is treated as ordinary income or loss unless an election is made to treat it as a capital gain or loss.
See also
International taxation
Foreign tax credit
References
External links
IRS publication
0988
United States federal income tax | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/988%20transaction |
Calor is a brand of bottled butane and propane which is available in Britain and Ireland. It comes in cylinders, which have a special gas regulator.
The company was formed in 1935, and is one of the UK's largest suppliers of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). It is currently servicing around 4 million homes and businesses, supplying LPG to power gas appliances from central heating and hot water, as well as cookers, fires and barbecues. The company predominantly supplies LPG to homes in rural areas where there is no mains natural gas supply. In the United Kingdom, Calor is part of the SHV Gas Group a private Dutch company. Calor originally dealt only with cooking and heating appliances, but now covers a wider range of products for home, business, and automotive fuels.
Such was the company's ubiquity at one point that the term "Calor Gas" became a generic term in the UK for all bottled LPG canisters and LPG-fuelled appliances.
History
In 1934, Ritchie Gill, a Cornishman who had been working in the US, returned to England. He spotted an opportunity for a product successfully used in America – liquefied petroleum gas. Gill coined the name Calor Gas and in January 1935 he set up Modern Gas & Equipment Co. Ltd, based in London. In August 1935 the trade was transferred to the Calor (Distributing) Co. Limited.
The business expanded as people in rural areas of the UK realised the benefits of this new fuel – LPG. So by 1939 the company had six offices in the UK: a head office in London and five regional offices. Calor (Scotland) had been founded and in Ireland, Calor gas was being distributed by Messrs. McMullen Ltd., which was later purchased by Calor.
In 1947, there was an exceptionally hard winter which led to a major change in the way that Calor was distributed. Up to this point Calor had been relying upon rail transport for the distribution of the LPG. Calor signed a contract with PX (Carriers) Ltd., to deliver cylinders by road.
The first wholly owned filling plant was built at Saxham, near Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk and a further two filling plants were built in the 1950s to give Calor even wider coverage. These two plants were at Millbrook near Southampton (1956) and Port Clarence near Middlesbrough (1959). The Millbrook filling plant was closed in 2001; however the sales and service centre remains, selling gas and gas appliances.
The 1950s saw the introduction of the Flavel B500 cooker, which used Calor gas; it became a great success story with caravan owners and smaller households.
1956 saw the birth of Calor's industrial division and installation of the first "bulk propane" tank at the Meredith & Drew biscuit factory in Newmarket.
In 1963 Calor Ltd. was formed. 1966 saw a new head office being acquired in Slough, which led to over 300 employees moving into this location.
In 1967, Calor was granted a Royal Warrant for the supply of liquefied petroleum gas to Her Majesty the Queen. The company was later granted a second Warrant, this time for supplying Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.
In 1969 the Imperial Continental Gas Association acquired all the shares in the Company that it did not already own.
From the early 1970s onwards sales of cabinet heaters, and with them sales of butane in cylinders, escalated enormously, beginning with Super Ser which rapidly replaced the paraffin heater as the nation's number one choice for spot heating. In a decade, the market for cabinet heaters and the gas they burned grew from nothing to £100 million p.a. This led to increasing demand for storage space, which led to Calor investing in the two largest storage facilities. The first was purchased in 1976: a 30,000 tonne refrigerated storage tank at Felixstowe in Suffolk. The second was a joint venture with Conoco to excavate a vast cavern on South Humberside, capable of containing some 100,000 tonnes of gas supplied from an adjacent sea terminal. This facility, opened in 1985, gave Calor the ability to overcome short-term supply difficulties and to cope with major changes in demand brought on by extremes of weather.
During the 1980s, Calor's domestic central heating and industrial markets continued to expand and in 1982 the company's head office moved to a site near Slough.
Despite great efforts to establish a nationwide network of outlets, Calor Autogas (vehicle propane) never quite reached expectations, due largely to the Government's inability to recognise its considerable environmental advantages by reducing duty. However, the fuel did become very popular for fork lift trucks, helped greatly by the launch, in 1989, of Calor's exhaust purification system, EPS2000, which enabled vehicles to be used both indoors and outside.
In 1986 the company's parent, Imperial Continental Gas Association plc, rejected a bid from Gulf Resources & Chemical Corporation, a company controlled by the Barclay brothers. Instead in 1987 Imperial Continental Gas Association broke itself up into Calor Group and Contibel (now owned by Tractebel).
In 1988 the privately owned Dutch company, SHV became a significant shareholder, acquiring 40% of Calor Group's equity.
In 1991, a joint venture company involving Calor, SHV and Primagaz (in which SHV holds a 50% stake) had been started in both Poland and Slovakia. This was then followed by Hungary in 1992. In 1997 SHV acquired the rest of Calor's shares.
In 2002 Calor opened 12 Customer Operations Centres at Grangemouth, Port Clarence, Stoney Stanton, Elland, Ellesmere Port, Coryton, Cranbrook, Saxham, Fawley, Neath, and Newbury.
In December 2005 The Canvey LNG project was announced which commenced with a feasibility study into the development of a strategic LPG import and regasification facility at the existing Calor LNG terminal at Canvey Island, Essex UK. The project is led by Calor Gas and also includes LNG Japan Corporation, (Joint Venture of Sumitomo Corporation and Sojitz Corporation). Following this study Centrica has now been selected as a gas supply partner and would hold equity in the facility, together with capacity rights enabling it to deliver supplies to their British Gas customers from a range of international sources. A full scale planning application and project plan is now being developed.
On 16 of February 2023 Calor announced workforce reduction of 114 positions in Commercial, Operations and Central Functions departments.
Products
Calor provide gas both for use in bulk tanks (which may be stored above or below ground) and in smaller gas cylinders.
Bulk tanks
Calor can provide a variety of sizes in both above- and below-ground formats. Tanks are available with a monitor, which automatically inform Calor when stocks are low so that the gas can then be refuelled without intervention by the tank's owner.
Gas cylinders
Calor's largest cylinder (47 kg) can be used in packs (4 x 47 kg gas cylinders) which are able to supply central heating systems of up to 60 kW as well as cookers and fires. When one pair runs low the valve automatically switches to the second pair so that the supply is continuous.
For leisure use such as caravanning and barbecuing, Calor retail butane, propane and Patio Gas (an alternative brand name for propane) cylinders, all of which come in a number of sizes. A new Calor Lite cylinder, produced from lightweight steel, released in 2008, was targeted at the caravan market but has now been withdrawn due to production issues.
Calor also provides LPG for business customers.
Calor Village of the Year
Calor fund and organise the Calor Village of the Year competition in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, which over 1,000 villages enter every year.
Calor is a member of the Business in the Community 'PerCent Club' investing more than 1% of its pre-tax profit in community projects.
The first Calor UK Village of the Year 2008 was announced on 2 December 2008 as the Isle of Barra in the Western Isles of Scotland.
References
External links
Calor Homepage
Calor Ireland Homepage
Fuel gas
British brands
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1935
Companies based in Warwick
Natural gas companies of the United Kingdom
1935 establishments in the United Kingdom
Energy companies established in 1935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calor%20Gas |
Charles "Ches" McCartney (1901–1998), also known as the Goat Man, was an American itinerant wanderer who traveled up and down the eastern United States from 1930 to 1987 in a ramshackle wagon pulled by a team of goats. He claimed to have covered more than 100,000 miles and visited all states except Hawaii: His goats couldn't swim that far, he said, and if they could, "they'd just end up eating the grass skirts off the hula dancers anyway". He was a familiar sight to many travelers and vacationers during those years, and one difficult to not notice or remember.
The main sources for biographical information about McCartney are McCartney himself and his son, and some of the often-colorful details vary. McCartney was the subject of numerous newspaper articles over the years, many of which are collected in the book America's Goat Man (Mr. Ches McCartney).
Early years
Born around the turn of the twentieth century (the exact year is unknown), McCartney ran away from his family's Iowa farm home at age 14.
In New York he met and married a Spanish knife thrower ten years his senior and became part of her act, serving as near-miss target. When she became pregnant they tried to make a living as farmers, but were wiped out at the start of the Great Depression. She left one day before dawn. McCartney married at least two more times.
At some point, while working for the WPA cutting timber, an injury from a falling tree left McCartney's left arm twisted. He was initially thought to have died in the accident, but he awakened on a mortician's table as the undertaker inserted an embalming needle in his arm.
McCartney had always been fond of goats since his days on the family farm, and he came up with the idea of using a goat cart to travel with his family and work as an itinerant preacher. His wife did not like the idea, and left. One account says that McCartney traded his wife to another farmer for an unspecified amount of goats.
Inspirations
McCartney was taken with the book Robinson Crusoe, and carried a copy of it, along with a Bible, throughout his travels—the only two books he carried. Robinson Crusoe inspired him to dress himself and his son Albert in goat skins. It also possibly inspired or validated his independent lifestyle, in which he lived off the land, the contributions of strangers, and his goats.
Travel rig
McCartney's iron-wheeled wagon was large, rickety, and garishly decorated with a clutter of objects he found and collected along the road. It contained a bed, a potbellied stove, lanterns, and lots of trash, and was pulled by a team of around nine goats, with a few trailing behind to occasionally push and serve as brakes on downhill stretches of road. His traveling goat herd sometimes numbered up to thirty. The goats were surprisingly sturdy and effective draft animals and McCartney managed to make five to ten miles a day, even pushing up Tennessee's Monteagle Mountain during a winter storm that stalled all other vehicle traffic. He claimed to have survived that cold night by pulling a couple of extra goats into the wagon with him.
Kids and doe goats rode in the wagon while bucks did the draft and push work. McCartney kept and cared for his sick and injured goats, including one which had no front legs and had learned to hop on its back legs like a kangaroo. He named all his goats, and one of his favorites, Billy Blue Horns, supposedly lived three decades.
The Goat Man usually kept his herd and rig to the sides of the roads he traveled, so while he may have slowed vehicle traffic, he rarely stopped it.
Life on the road
McCartney's diet consisted mainly of goat milk, supplemented by food given to him or bought with money he made selling scrap metal he collected, postcards of himself, or from posing for pictures. He also accepted donations for his "Free Thinking Christian Mission" based in Georgia.
McCartney had no difficulty attracting attention and visitors as he was friendly, chatty, and quick to share an inspirational sermon. By most accounts he smelled very bad, as did his goats.
Each night he camped on some tolerant landowner's property or farmer's field. He milked and fed his goats and built a large campfire that he always topped off with an automobile tire. This added acridity to the fragrance of the bivouac, but McCartney claimed the smoke effectively kept the bugs away.
There were rumors that he was rich, and legends about how it was bad luck to harm him. These didn't protect him from being mugged with increasing frequency in later years on the road.
Later years
After retiring from the road, McCartney and his son Albert Gene McCartney lived in a rusted old school bus in Twiggs County near Jeffersonville, Georgia, after the wooden shack they had been living in burned. Also on the property were an outhouse and a concrete "tomb" that supposedly housed the bodies of his father and stepmother. There was no running water or electricity.
McCartney became infatuated with the actress Morgan Fairchild and returned to the road in 1984 to hitchhike to California, ostensibly to woo her. He was mugged soon after arriving in Los Angeles, and that ended his road adventures.
Cormac McCarthy's 1979 novel Suttree, set in Knoxville, Tennessee, features a character based on McCartney.
Beginning in 1987 Ches McCartney lived out his late years in a nursing home in Macon, Georgia. In June 1998, he was given tragic news that his son (a character study in his own right) had been found shot to death on the Twiggs County property. McCartney requested that his son be buried in the tomb there, but it was found to be in disrepair. The city of Jeffersonville donated a cemetery plot to the McCartneys, and Albert Gene was buried there. The murder remains unsolved.
Less than six months after his son's death, Ches McCartney died. He was believed to be in his late nineties, but he had claimed to be 106.
References
External links
archive of 'Best Gallery of the Goat Man'
The Goat Man DLGB: Blog of the Digital Library of Georgia
GoodbyeMag.com: Romance of the Goat
Date of birth unknown
1998 deaths
People from Iowa
American loggers
Farmers from Iowa
American evangelists
Year of birth uncertain
1901 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ches%20McCartney |
The Birobidzhaner Shtern (Yiddish: ; Birobidžaner Štern; "The Birobidzhan Star") is a newspaper published in both Yiddish and Russian in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast of Russia. It was set up in November 1930 in Birobidzhan to cater for the newly arrived Jewish immigrants. It is the oldest national newspaper in the region.
History
Birobidzhaner Shtern was established on October 30, 1930. Jankel Levin was first editor of the newspaper. He received the first printing equipment from China. Emmanuil Kazakevich, who was awarded the Stalin-Prize twice, the highest literary award in the country, was an author and staff member of the newspaper in 1935–1938. During the Second World War, Birobidzhaner Shtern became part of the newspaper “Birobidzhanskaya Zvezda”. In May 1945 the Birobidzhaner Shtern resumed its independent edition. The Jewish Autonomous Oblast had been set up by the Soviet government in an attempt to resolve the Jewish Question and provide an alternative to the Zionist Jewish experience offered later by Israel. The publication was interrupted in 1949 and continued since 1952. According to official data it had an edition of 12,000 in 1970. Birobidzhaner Shtern was the only newspaper in Russia that contained a section in Yiddish.
The newspaper, led by a local Yiddish-speaking woman, Yelena Sarashevskaya, features Yiddish and Russian articles written by contributors from different countries, including Yoel Matveyev and Velvl Chernin.
Mordechai Scheiner, a Yiddish speaker and the former Chief Rabbi for the Jewish Autonomous Oblast and head of the Birobidzhan Synagogue, and additional Jewish settlements such as Valdheym. was one of the paper's readers and supporters. The previous Birobidzhan rabbi Eli Riss, was born in the city and supports Yiddish activities in the city. The current rabbi, Efraim Kolpak, is also a vocal supporter of the newspaper and Yiddish activism in Birobidzhan.
In 2009 Birobidzhaner Shtern and the regional newspaper Birobidzhanskaya Zvezda united under Birobidzhan Publishing House.
Recognitions
In 1980 Birobidzhaner Shtern was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor.
Chief Editors
Henekh Kazakevich (1932–1935)
Buzi Goldenberg (1936–1937)
Buzi Miller (1941, 1944–1948)
Naum (Nokhem) Fridman (1949–1950)
Naum Korchminski (1956–1984)
Leonid Shkolnik (1984–1988)
Inna Dmitrienko (from 1994)
See also
Jews and Judaism in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
History of the Jews in Russia and Soviet Union
Yevsektsiya
Yiddishkeit (TV show)
References
External links
Birobidzhaner Shtern (Official Website)
Birobidzhaner Shtern (Official Facebook page)
Jewish anti-Zionism in Russia
Jewish anti-Zionism in the Soviet Union
Mass media in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Yiddish newspapers
Newspapers published in Russia
Newspapers published in the Soviet Union
Yiddish-language mass media in Russia
Birobidzhan
Newspapers established in 1930
1930 establishments in Russia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birobidzhaner%20Shtern |
Vicente Aranda Ezquerra (; 9 November 1926 – 26 May 2015) was a Spanish film director, screenwriter and producer.
Due to his refined and personal style, he was one of the most renowned Spanish filmmakers. He started as a founding member of the Barcelona School of Film and became known for bringing contemporary Spanish novels to life on the big screen. Aranda was also noted for exploring difficult social issues and variations on the theme of desire while using the codes of melodrama.
Love as uncontrollable passion, eroticism and cruelty are constant themes in his filmography. The frank examination of sexuality is one of the trademarks of his work, as seen in his most internationally successful film: Amantes (1990) (Lovers).
Early life
Vicente Aranda Ezquerra was born in Barcelona on 9 November 1926. He was the youngest son in a large and impoverished family who had emigrated from Aragón to Barcelona twenty years before he was born. He barely knew his father, an itinerant photographer, who died when the child was only seven years old. The Spanish Civil War, in which his family took the side of the losing Republicans, marked his childhood. Thinking that the war was going to be more bearable in a small town than in Barcelona, the family moved early in the war to Peñalba, his mother's native village. The dire situation there, close to the front at Aragon, forced them to return to Barcelona in 1938.
After the war ended, Aranda spent a lot of time in the local movie theatre, much against the wishes of his mother, who took to smelling him on his return for traces of the disinfectant that was sprayed in cinemas of the time. He never finished his formal studies. At age thirteen, he began to work in order to help support his family. He had a number of different jobs in his home town, trying a multitude of trades before following his brother Palmiro to Venezuela in 1952. He emigrated for economical and political reasons. In Venezuela, Aranda worked as a cargo technician for an American shipping business. Later he directed programs at NCR. After seven years, he returned to Spain in 1959.
Wealthy and married upon his return, he intended to become a novelist, but found that he lacked enough talent as a writer. He fell in with the cultural elite of Catalonia and was encouraged to try his hand at filmmaking. He was not allowed to enroll at the School of Cinema in Madrid because he had not graduated from high school. In Barcelona and completely self-taught, Aranda found a way to direct his first feature film.
Nearly 40 years old when he started directing, Aranda did not gain international success until his 60s. He had a long and prolific career, making 27 films in more than 40 years as a director.
Vicente Aranda married twice. His first wife, Luisa, a name he used repeatedly for the female leads in his films, committed suicide years after they divorced. They did not have children. Aranda's second wife, Teresa Font, was thirty years his junior. She was the editor of his movies since the mid-1980s; they had two daughters together, but separated a few years before Aranda's death.
Film career and later life
Early films (1964–1974)
Aranda made his directorial debut with the low-budget Brillante Porvenir (1964) (Promising Future), co-directing with screenwriter Román Gubern to avoid problems with the directors guild of Spain. Loosely inspired by the American novel, The Great Gatsby, the film used the aesthetic of the neorealism in a story of a young man from the provinces who tries to make it into the Catalan middle class. Brillante Porvenir, cut by censors, was received coldly by public and critics. This failure made Aranda turned to an experimental form of film making for his next project.
The director's second film, Fata Morgana (1965), an unusual work in Spanish Cinema, is an experimental film, based on a script written with Gonzalo Suárez. The film took inspiration for its graphic visual style from television commercials and comic strips. Ignored upon release, Fata Morgana would eventually be recognized for inspiring the particular kitsch aesthetic of La Escuela de Barcelona (the Barcelona School of Film), an avant-garde movement which sought creative innovation in Spanish films.
In the following years, Aranda's work played between pushing the artistic envelope and using a virtual style drawn from mass media. In these films, Aranda tackled established film genres with an eye on revising and modernizing them.
Since his first features were not widely seen, Aranda produced a commercially oriented film with fantastic and erotic overtones: Las Crueles (1969) (The Exquisite Cadaver). In it, a mysterious woman elaborates a scheme to avenge the death of her girlfriend by a callous publisher. This filmed was plagued with a series of problems: it was long in the making; Aranda suffered an accident during the shooting, which forced him to work from a stretcher, and finally he had a legal battle with the producers. It would take Aranda many years to recover ownership of this film. The experience made him found his own production company: Morgana Film, which produced his next six features.
In La Novia Ensangrentada (1972) (The Blood Spattered Bride), a loose adaptation of Carmilla, a lesbian vampire recruits a young bride to help her seek revenge against all men. A genre film for the cultural elite, it evaded censors by virtue of its incomprehensibility. By Aranda's own admission, he sacrificed conventional coherence for the cinematographic and phenomenological possibilities of each action. The film was distributed internationally in the United States, France and Italy.
Aranda started to use the codes of melodrama with Clara es el Precio (1974) (Clara is the Price), an offbeat mix of melodrama, parody and surreal comedy. He cast Amparo Muñoz, Spain's future Miss Universe, as a naive housewife adrift in a world without taboo. She pursues a career as a pornographic film actress in order to fund a business project for her impotent husband.
This was made during El Destape, a period in Spanish Cinema that had a proliferation of nudity in film under the new social liberties during the political period following the fall of Franco's regime. The Clara film's effort to shock was also its purpose. Like the Surrealists, Aranda's ability to shock was itself a political statement. "We had lived in a state of consensus and this is fatal for cinema", he complained, "We have become our own censors and all we want to do is forget, be silent, not speak."
Cambio de Sexo (1976)
Following the fall of Franco's regime, social censorship was lifted. Under the new permissiveness, Aranda shot more daring films such as Cambio de Sexo (1976) (Sex Change), skillfully tackling the subject of transsexuality, and using it as an embodiment of the contemporary political transition. This film marks a switch in Aranda's filmography.
He began to use a more realistic style rather than the stylish aesthetics prominent in his early films. Cambio de Sexo also marks the beginning of his long collaboration with Victoria Abril, who became his favorite actress. Over the next three decades, director and star worked together in a dozen films that would include major artistic triumphs for both. Cambio de Sexo dramatizes the development of the destape – the period in the late 1970s and early 1980s Spain characterized by a much more open portrayal of sex in the press, literature and film.
Cambio de Sexo recounts the story of a young effeminate boy, played by Victoria Abril, who lives in the outskirts of Barcelona and escapes to the city to explore his desire to become a woman. The character of the young man is an embodiment of the changes in Spain, with political extremes of uncompromising orthodoxy and unrestrained anarchy. Cambio de Sexo lured audiences with its controversial theme, and it was released to critical acclaim.
La Muchacha de las Bragas de Oro (1980)
Sexuality and the past, key themes in Aranda's work, are at the center of La Muchacha de las Bragas de Oro (1980) (Girl with the Golden Panties). This was an adaptation of a popular novel by his fellow Catalan Juan Marsé, in which Aranda displayed a more mature style. A Falangist character is writing his memoirs and shapes his past to the new democratic realities. His world of lies falls apart when he is confronted by his carefree niece, who playfully starts a game of seduction.
Always interested in literature, over the next fifteen years, Aranda became Spain's foremost adapter of popular contemporary novels into film. His films have been adapted from short narratives to novels, as well as biographies. His choices usually were guided by the centrality of an erotically defined female character, and a contemporary story emphasizing the force of the milieu on the shaping of actions.
For Aranda, adapting a literary work did not involve complications of faithfulness, or lack of the same, to the original text. For him the novel was a raw material with which to create new forms: " As for adaptations, I feel very comfortable doing them. I don't have a problem with authorship. I don't think I am more of an author if I write a screenplay of something I've read on the newspapers or seen on the street that if I take a novel and make a movie based on its contents".
Asesinato en el Comité Central (1982)
After democracy was installed in Spain, Aranda made a film politically charged with the aftereffects of Franco's regime: Asesinato en el Comité Central (1982) (Murder in the Central Committee). In this thriller, a power cut interrupts the proceedings of the Communist Congress. When the lights come back on, the leader is found dead, murdered. The film was based on one of a series of novels by Manuel Vázquez Montalbán that featured a hard-boiled detective called Pepe Carvalho. The intrigue runs a poor second to Aranda's commentary on the Spanish transition to democracy. " The truth is that I cannot think of another film that deals with this fascinating period', he stated, there is a kind of collective amnesia about the time".
Much of the film's action is filtered through headlines and television reports in imitation of the way in which the Spanish public lived the transition. The televised funeral of the Communist leader is a sly montage of mourners at the funeral of Franco. La Pasionaria (the legendary Spanish Communist leader who lived in exile in the Soviet Union during much of the dictatorship) is portrayed as a senile old dear who sits next to the victim but does not realize he is dead. Like La Muchacha de las Bragas de Oro, this was a film about extremist coming together in a democracy, in this case in order to solve a crime. Whodunnit ? it does not matter. As the interior minister exclaims: "In the same way that we've had to forget everything, you should do the same."
This was Aranda's first work to be shot in Madrid instead of his native Barcelona. The film was not successful commercially.
Fanny Pelopaja (1984)
Aranda adapted the popular Catalan author Andreu Martín's noir detective novel, Prótesis. He changed the male protagonist into a female and titled his film, Fanny Pelopaja (1984). The film depicts a violent love-hate relationship between a delinquent woman and a corrupt police officer, with whom she wants to get even.
Co-financed by French producers, the film was made in Barcelona with Spanish supporting cast and crew, and with two French actors in the lead. Dissatisfied with the French dubbing of the film, done without his oversight, Aranda tried to stop the premiere of the film in France. It was released under the title, Á coups de crosse. As a result of this dispute, Aranda sold the film's shares in Morgana Films, the production company he had created. Fanny Pelopaja failed to find an audience when first released, but now has become one of Aranda's best regarded works.
El Crimen del Capitán Sánchez (1984)
Needing to make some money, Aranda accepted a job to take part in La Huella del Crimen (The Trace of the Crime), a television series consisting of six episodes depicting infamous crimes in Spain. He was one of several renowned Spanish film directors: Pedro Olea, Angelino Fons, Ricardo Franco, Juan Antonio Bardem, Pedro Costa and Vicente Aranda, who were each invited to direct an episode.
Aranda's chapter, El Crimen del Capitán Sánchez (1984) (Captain Sánchez's Crime), was considered the best episode of the series. Made in 16 mm and with a very low budget, the one-hour film tells a story in which incest, jealousy and death mix in Spain at the beginning of the 20th century. The title character is a military officer, who supports his poor family and pays his gambling debts by plotting an elaborate trap to swindle money from those who fall for the charms of his pretty eldest daughter.
Tiempo de Silencio (1986)
Aranda's career began to soar when he made Tiempo de Silencio (1986) (Time of Silence), an adaptation of the famed Luis Martín Santos novel of the same name. The film had a major cast headed by Imanol Arias, Victoria Abril and Francisco Rabal. Set in the 1940s in the early days of Franco's regime, the plot tells of an ambitious doctor who is accused of killing a woman. But he had tried to save her life after a botched abortion, which was then illegal. The story moves from the sordid lives of the poor in shanty dwellings to the hypocrisy of the middle classes under Franco's regime. Aranda used themes of sexuality to explore political and historical issues. Though the film was criticized by some for his simplifying the narrative complexity of the Martín Santos novel, Time of Silence was generally well received by audiences.
El Lute (1987)
Aranda took a deconstructive approach to the manipulation of popular myth in his two-part biopic: El Lute: camina o revienta (1987) (El Lute, Run for Your Life), and El Lute II, mañana seré libre (1988) (El Lute Tomorrow I'll be Free), based on two volumes of memoirs by the legendary criminal Eleuterio Sánchez, who had escaped from prison several times. El Lute: camina o revienta (1987) (El Lute, Run for Your Life) concerns the early life of Sanchez, known as El Lute, who claimed to have been forced into delinquency in the 1960s by poverty and lack of education. After an early nomadic period of his life, El Lute moves to Madrid's slums outskirts. He became involved in a robbery and murder; was convicted and, at age 23, lucky to gain a commutation of his death sentence to 30 years in prison. His escapes from jail turned him into a popular folk hero and public enemy number one for the Franco police.
Aranda's hybrid combination of period drama, thriller and social realism reveals how the criminal career and media profile of this petty thief were manipulated and exploited by the authorities as a diversionary tactic at a time of political unrest. El Lute: camina o revienta (1987) (El Lute, Run for Your Life) was one of Aranda's most successful adaptations. It was the highest-grossing Spanish film in 1987.
El Lute II, mañana seré libre (1988)
In the second part: El Lute II, mañana seré libre (1988) (El Lute: Tomorrow I'll be Free), El Lute as a fugitive became reunited with his siblings. He tries to start a new life, but fails to fit in as a normal member of society. Following his escape from prison, El Lute becomes the focus of an obsessive pursuit by the Francoist authorities. He was the object of massive popular interest by the press and public in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Compared to Aranda's strongly realistic and political tone in the first installment, in El Lute II, mañana seré libre, he took a more fictionalized, folkloric approach, adopting a more pronounced thriller style. Featuring violence and eroticism, the film delivered a resounding critique of the Franco regime and its brutal treatment of the Spanish merchero and gitano populations.
Si te dicen que caí (1989)
Aranda made his most sexually explicit film with Si te dicen que caí (1989) (If They Tell You I Fell), adapted from the novel of the same name by Juan Marsé. With a labyrinthine structure in which imaginary facts and real events are blended in a crosswords style, the main part of the story is set in the old quarter of 1940s Barcelona during the early years of Francoist repression. The plot features a young man who, trying to survive in the aftermath of the Civil War, is hired to perform sexual acts with a prostitute; they are to be viewed by a rich falangist rendered crippled during the war. With a large cast, including Victoria Abril playing three different characters, the film was daring and ambitious in its scope.
Los Jinetes del Alba (1990)
At the request of Pilar Miró, then director of TVE, Aranda took on Los Jinetes del Alba (1990) (Riders of the Dawn) an adaptation of the novel by Jesús Fernández Santos about the Spanish Civil War and the anarchist movement.
Made as a five-part TV miniseries, it features a young woman ambitious to own the resort where she works in a small town in Asturias. When she finally achieves her goal, there is little to rejoice about. Aranda's favorite topics: cruelty, violence and sex pervade this story framed by the tumultuous life of Spain in the 1930s, the uprising in Asturias in 1934, and the Spanish Civil War. This is one Aranda's most paradigmatic works.
Amantes (1991)
In the 1990s, Aranda continued to make films that were commercial hits at home and were shown at film festivals worldwide. With Amantes (1991) (Lovers), he finally achieved wide international exposure and critical acclaim. This tragic story of forbidden passions and betrayed innocence is a film noir, inspired by real events. In the repressive Spain during the early 1950s, a young man just out of military service is torn between his attraction for the two opposite women who love him: his girlfriend, a naïve maid and his landlady, an attractive, scheming widow.
Originally conceived as a television project, Amantes was made with few actors, a small crew, and with few exterior locations. It is widely considered as the director's most accomplished work, becoming a classic of Spanish Cinema. It marked the beginning of Aranda's most prolific period.
El Amante Bilingüe (1993)
Still exploring the passion of love, Aranda directed El Amante Bilingüe (1993) (The Bilingual Lover), an adaptation of a story by Juan Marsé. Set in Barcelona, this ironic film mixes Catalan linguistic policies, nationalism and eroticism with a pattern of double identity. The central character is a humble man who falls in love with a beautiful rich woman; they marry but his unfaithful wife abandons him later. After being horribly disfigured in an explosion, he gradually adopts a new personal identity in an effort to lure back his spoiled ex-wife.
Intruso (1993)
Some of Vicente Aranda films present real events, things that happen on the street but that have had the appearance of the exceptional occurrences, where passion, toughness, and violence manage to acquire a tone of unreality that is almost literary. In Intruso (1993) (Intruder), Aranda takes the theme of the relationship between love and death through a passionate love to its ultimate conclusion. This film is a psychological thriller with his characteristic visual atmosphere and exacerbated passions. A middle-class woman is torn between her love for her spouse and her ill ex-husband, both of whom were her childhood friends. After ten years of separation, they become entangled in a tragic story.
La Pasión Turca (1994)
Aranda's films feature a woman as the protagonist and the center around which the story turns. La Pasión Turca (1994) (Turkish Passion), an adaptation of a novel by Antonio Gala, explores female sexual desire. A bored housewife from a well-to-do family, decides to risk everything by leaving her husband to return to a lover met while on holiday in Turkey. Her pursuit of sexual pleasure leads her to an obsessive dependence, degradation, and total collapse of her self esteem. La Pasión Turca became one of Spain's highest-grossing films of the 1990s.
Libertarias (1996)
Aranda returned to the Spanish Civil War in Libertarias (1996) (Libertarians), an epic drama with an ensemble cast that reconstructs the role played by anarchist women during the Spanish Civil War. It is set in Barcelona at the start of the war, where a young naive nun flees her convent and seeks refuge in a brothel. There she and the prostitutes are recruited to the anarchist cause. Together, a group of six women (Mujeres Libres or Free Women) face the perils of war but their idealistic dreams are brutally crushed.
La Mirada del Otro (1998)
La Mirada del Otro (1998) (The Naked Eye), based on a novel by Fernando G. Delgado, is an erotic psychodrama. Aranda features a woman in her 30s embarks on a quest for sexual pleasure which only brings her loneliness. In this case, the public and critics felt that the plot was sordid to the extent that it overwhelmed the credibility of the characters; it did not do well.
Celos (1999)
Aranda returned to familiar territory with Celos (1999) (Jealousy), his third work in a trilogy exploring the love triangle, together with his earlier Amantes and Intruso. He created a story about destructive passions that lead to tragedy. A truck driver is tormented by jealousy about the man who was the former boyfriend of his beautiful fiancée. The driver tris to find the man and learn more about their previous relationship.
"Jealousy is at the center of stories of passion", Aranda explained. "To suffer with relish, there is nothing better than uncertainty. A good story demands that audiences share the same doubts than the main characters in the story: whether there is or is not a betrayal. There is always some else lurking and we also know that crime is among us even if it exists albeit only at the bottom of our hearts".
Juana la Loca (2001)
In the early 21st century, Aranda started to explore period pieces, initiating a trilogy of historic costume dramas with Juana La Loca (2001) (Mad Love), a reinterpretation of the tragic fate of the 15th-century Spanish queen, Joanna of Castile. At a time when royal marriages were made to secure political alliances, she fell madly in love with her husband and suffered from his infidelity. A commercial and critical hit in Spain, the film was the nation's official entry at the 2001 Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film. It became Aranda's biggest box-office movie.
Carmen (2003)
Desire and betrayal, themes that have been recurrent in Aranda's career, are central to the plot of Carmen (2003), a film based on Prosper Mérimée's 1845 novella about jealousy and passion. (This had also inspired the opera of the same name composed by Georges Bizet. Set in Andalusia in 1830, a military officer is seduced by a striking gypsy girl who works in a cigarette factory. His love for her brings his downfall. The film was made with high production values and it was another success with audiences for the veteran director.
Tirant lo Blanc (2006)
Aranda completed his costume drama trilogy with Tirant lo Blanc (2006) (The Maidens' Conspiracy), an adaptation of a seminal Catalan chivalry novel, written in the 15th century by Joanot Martorell. The plot follows the adventures of Tirante, a knight from humble origins in the Byzantine Empire, who gains the favor of the ailing Emperor by his triumphs in fighting the incursion into Constantinople by the Turks. Tirante later seduces the royal family's only surviving child, a young, fanciful, and impressionable princess.
This is Aranda's most expensive work and was made with a large budget. The film has both humor and drama, is lavish, risqué, and skillfully composed, but it was considered to be superficial and unsatisfying. Tirant lo Blanc did not enjoy the success of the director's two previous films.
Canciones de Amor en Lolita's club (2007)
Aranda has created a niche in adapting novels by Juan Marsé for film. With La Muchacha de las Bragas de Oro (1980); Si te dicen que caí (1989), El Amante Bilingüe (1993), and Canciones de Amor en Lolita's club (2007) (Lolita's Club), the director has a track record of four adaptations from Marsé's contemporary novels.
Canciones de amor en Lolita's Club (2007) is an erotic thriller, in which sex and brutality are mixed in a story of very different twin brothers. One is a coldhearted, violent police officer; the other is a helpless romantic suffering from a mental handicap. The two brothers become involved with a prostitute who works in the bordello for which the film is named. Released in November 2007, the film was widely considered a disappointment and quickly disappeared from the Spanish screens.
Luna Caliente (2009)
Aranda's last film, Luna Caliente (2009) (Hot Moon), tells the story of a poet who briefly returns to his home town, gets entangled in a web of sex and violence. He rapes the young daughter of his host. The script is based on a novel by Argentine Mempo Giardinelli, which places the action during the last military coup in Argentina.
Aranda set the story in Spain of the 1970s during the process of Burgos, under which some of the last death sentences in Spain during Franco's regime were executed. Luna Caliente premiered in October 2009 at the Valladolid International Film Festival, but it failed to find an audience.
Filmography
Notes
References
Alvarez, Rosa & Frias, Belen. Vicente Aranda: El Cine Como Pasión. Huelva, XX Festival de Cine Iberoamericano de Huelva, 1994,
Benavent, Francisco María. Cine Español de los Noventa. Ediciones Mensajero, 2000,
Cánovás, Joaquín (ed.), Varios Autores: Miradas sobre el cine de Vicente Aranda. Murcia: Universidad de Murcia, 2000,
Colmena, Enrique. Vicente Aranda. Cátedra, Madrid, 1986,
D'Lugo, Marvin. Guide to the Cinema of Spain. Greenwood Press, 1997.
Guarner, José Luis. El Inquietante Cine de Vicente Aranda. Imagfic, D.L.1985
Majarín, Sara. Una vida de cine: Pasión, Utopía, Historia: Lecciones de Vicente Aranda. Editorial Zumaque S.L., 2013.
Jordan, Barry & Morgan-Tomosunas, Rikki. Contemporary Spanish Cinema, Manchester University Press, 1998,
Mira, Alberto. Historical Dictionary of Spanish Cinema. The Scarecrow Press, 2010,
Perriam, Chris. Stars and Masculinity in Spanish Cinema: From Banderas to Bardem. Oxford University Press, 2003. .
Stone, Rob, Spanish Cinema. Pearson Education, 2002,
Torres, Augusto. Diccionario del cine Español. Espasa Calpe, 1994,
Vera, Pascual. Vicente Aranda. Ediciones J.C, Madrid, 1989,
External links
1926 births
2015 deaths
Film directors from Barcelona
Film directors from Aragon
Film directors from Catalonia
Best Director Goya Award winners
Spanish expatriates in Venezuela
Spanish male screenwriters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicente%20Aranda |
University of Advancing Technology (UAT) is a private for-profit university in Tempe, Arizona. Founded in 1983, UAT integrates technology into its general education requirements. The institution offers core classes (e.g., Legal Issues in Technology, Technology and Society, Ethics in Technology), as well as deep sets of courses in each major. Each student is required to complete a "Student Innovation Project" and internship to graduate.
UAT offers Associate, Bachelor's and Master's degrees, on campus and online. The school has an enrollment of approximately 1000 students. UAT also participates in a student exchange with DeMontfort University, UK.
History
Founded in 1983, the University of Advancing Technology was first known as CAD Institute, a small school focused on training engineers and architects in the then new field of computer-aided design. Students came to CAD Institute seeking professional development training and certifications. The institution received accreditation in 1987 by the Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training (ACECT) at the diploma and occupational associate's level.
In 1992, CAD Institute founded an initial research center, the Computer Reality Center. The center primarily performed research for the computer graphics industry, with specific emphasis on the field of virtual reality. The institute also shifted to a new accrediting agency, the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS), which certified it as a college.
In 1996, CAD Institute was accredited as a four-year institution. That same year, the institute began offering educational programs outside the CAD focus. In order to reflect the broadened technology focus of students within the institution, the CAD name was retired in 1997 and the institution was renamed the University of Advancing Computer Technology (UACT).
Associated with a growth in programs and the student body, the institution designed and built a technology-oriented campus in 1998 in Tempe, Arizona. The building features classrooms, computer labs and computing commons outfitted with approximately 300 computer workstations and an extensive technology infrastructure. Also in 1998, UACT received approval from ACICS to offer a Master of Science in Technology degree. In 2000, it received approval to offer online courses.
The institution made another incremental change in its name in 2002, when it became the University of Advancing Technology (UAT) to recognize that computer technology had evolved beyond the personal computer to encompass all devices that communicate, manage information, and provide connections through all media, including the Internet. In 2003, UAT offered its first online bachelor's degree in game design.
In the fall of 2007, housing facilities for 260 students were opened on campus. That same year, UAT became a candidate with The Higher Learning Commission and an affiliate of the North Central Association. In recognition of the quality of its Network Security program, the university was also designated a Center of Academic Excellence by the National Centers of Information Assurance Education (CAEIAE) sponsored by the U.S. National Security Agency and the Homeland Security Department.
Academics
UAT offers associate, bachelor's, and master's degree programs. There are 20 different undergraduate majors and 5 areas of study at the graduate level, with focus on technology innovation, video game design and programming, digital media, robotics, cyber security, and computer science.
Accreditations, authorizations, and approvals
In 2009, UAT became accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and a member of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. to award associate degrees, bachelor's degrees and master's degrees. The school's programs do not have ABET or ATMAE accreditation.
UAT was designated a Center of Academic Excellence by the National Centers of Information Assurance Education (CAEIAE) sponsored by the U.S. National Security Agency and the Department of Homeland Security.
The Network Security curriculum is certified by the US National Security Agency's Information Assurance Courseware Evaluation program for (NSTISSI-4011), National Training Standard for Information Systems Security (INFOSEC) Professionals, CNSSI-4012, National Information Assurance Training Standard for Senior Systems Managers (SSM, NSTISSI-4013), National Information Assurance Training Standard for System Administrators(SA)(NSTISSI-4014), Information Assurance Training Standard for Information Systems Security Officers(ISSO).
Technology forums
UAT hosts an annual technology forum that features guest speakers from emerging technology fields as well as traditional technology fields such as software engineering and programming. Past speakers have included competitive lockpicker Schuyler Towne, software engineer Chris Pope, video game producer Tamir Nadav, and author/video game producer Steven-Elliot Altman.
References
External links
Official website
University of Advancing Technology
For-profit universities and colleges in the United States
Universities and colleges established in 1983
Buildings and structures in Tempe, Arizona
Education in Maricopa County, Arizona
University of Advancing Technology
1983 establishments in Arizona | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Advancing%20Technology |
County Route 542 (CR 542) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from Route 54 in Hammonton to U.S. Route 9 (US 9) in Bass River Township.
Route description
CR 542 begins at an intersection with Route 54 in Hammonton, Atlantic County, heading east on two-lane undivided Central Avenue. The road passes through wooded residential areas, intersecting CR 724 and CR 680. Near Atlanticare - Kessler Memorial Hospital, the route intersects US 30, at which point CR 542 turns south for a brief concurrency on four-lane undivided White Horse Pike. Near Hammonton Lake, CR 542 splits from US 30 by heading east on two-lane undivided Hammonton-Pleasant Mills Road, soon intersecting CR 679. The road continues through a mix of homes and farms, turning northeast and entering Mullica Township, where CR 542 curves east again and passes through woods as it reaches a junction with CR 693. From this point, the route continues back into agricultural areas with some homes, meeting CR 658. CR 542 turns northeast and enters the Wharton State Forest, a part of the Pine Barrens. After passing to the north of Nescochague Lake, the road reaches the CR 623 junction.
Upon crossing the Mullica River, CR 542 crosses into Washington Township in Burlington County and becomes Hammonton Road. The road passes to the south of Batsto Village and makes a turn southeast into dense forests, running a short distance to the north of the Mullica River. After a turn to the east, the route comes to an intersection with CR 651 before coming to a brief concurrency with CR 563. Past this point, the road continues through rural areas for several miles, with a junction at CR 652. CR 542 enters marshland as it crosses the Wading River on a drawbridge into Bass River Township. A short distance later, the road meets CR 653 and turns southeast, running a short distance east of the Wading River through areas of forests and marshland. CR 542 turns east and comes to its eastern terminus at US 9 in the community of New Gretna.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
New Jersey 5xx Routes (Dan Moraseski)
542
542
542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20Route%20542%20%28New%20Jersey%29 |
State leaders in the 20th century BC – State leaders in the 18th century BC – State leaders by year
This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century BC (1900–1801 BC).
Africa: Northeast
Kush
Kingdom of Kush (complete list) –
Kaa, King (c.1900 BC)
Teriahi, King (c.1880 BC)
Awawa, King (c.1870 BC)
Utatrerses, King (c.1850 BC)
Egypt
Twelfth Dynasty of Middle Kingdom Egypt (complete list) –
Amenemhat I, King (1991–1962 BC)
Senusret I, King (1971–1926 BC)
Amenemhat II, King (1914–1879/6 BC, 1878–1843 BC, or 1877/6–1843/2 BC)
Senusret II, King (1897–1878 BC)
Senusret III, King (1878–1839 BC)
Amenemhat III, King (1860–1814 BC)
Amenemhat IV, King (1822–1812 BC)
Sobekneferu, Queen (1806–1802 BC)
Thirteenth Dynasty of Second Intermediate Period Egypt (complete list) –
Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep, King (1803–1800 BC)
Fourteenth Dynasty of the Second Intermediate Period (complete list) –
Yakbim Sekhaenre, King (1805–1780 BC)
Asia: East
Asia: East
China
Asia: Southeast
Vietnam
Hồng Bàng dynasty (complete list) –
Tốn line, (c.1912–c.1713 BC)
Asia: West
Assyria: Old Period
Babylonia
Elam
References
State Leaders
- | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20state%20leaders%20in%20the%2019th%20century%20BC |
Charietto was an Ancient German headhunter and bounty hunter who worked for the Romans. He operated on the Rhine frontier near Treverorum.
According to Zosimus, Charietto saw barbarian raiders crossing the Rhine and determined to take action. Going out into the forest at night he would kill a number of the raiders, sever their heads and bring them into the town come daytime. Charietto was joined by other men, and eventually their success earned him the admiration of Julian, who was commander in the region and later became the Emperor known as Julian the Apostate. Charietto was encouraged by Julian to attack the barbarian raiders at night, while Roman regular forces would confront them by day. After a long period of such activities, the raiders surrendered.
Ammianus Marcellinus, the other major chronicler for the life of the Emperor Julian, also refers to a figure named Charietto, in this case a Roman general who was killed resisting an excursion by the Alamanni at Cabillonum in 366 or 367. While there is no conclusive evidence linking this individual with Charietto the headhunter, some scholars have assumed a connection.
References
External links
C. M. Whittaker, "The Collapse of the Frontiers,"
Zosimus, "New History," Book 3
Ammianus Marcellinus, "Roman History" Book 27
4th-century Frankish people
Frankish warriors
Bounty hunters
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charietto |
1231 Property is a category of property defined in section 1231 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. 1231 property includes depreciable property and real property (e.g. buildings and equipment) used in a trade or business and held for more than one year. Some types of livestock, coal, timber and domestic iron ore are also included. It does not include: inventory; property held for sale in the ordinary course of business; artistic creations held by their creator; or, government publications.
History
The 1954 version of the Internal Revenue Code included section 1231 covering certain property held by a business. The original section covering this matter - namely, section 117(j) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 - was enacted in 1942. The law was originally conceived as a way to help the shipping industry during World War II.
The present version of the Internal Revenue Code has retained section 1231, with the provision now applying to both property lost in an involuntary conversion, and to the sale or exchange of certain kinds of business-use property.
Application
A taxpayer can calculate net 1231 gains and losses, often referred to as the hotchpot, as capital gains, with the caveat that if the gain is less than any “non-recaptured losses” from the preceding five years, it is re-characterized as ordinary income and is reported with Form 4797.
“Non-recaptured loss” is covered by 1231(c). This provision refers to a situation when a taxpayer claims a 1231 loss in year one, but seeks a 1231 gain in any of subsequent years two through six. Any gain which is less than or equal to the loss in year one will be characterized as ordinary income rather than long-term capital gain (which has preferred tax rates).
Gains and losses under 1231 due to casualty or theft are set aside in what is often referred to as the fire-pot (tax). These gains and losses do not enter the hotchpot unless the gains exceed the losses. If the result is a gain, both the gain and loss enter the hotchpot and are calculated with any other 1231 gains and losses. If there are more casualty loss(es) than gains, the excess is treated as an ordinary loss.
Impact
Section 1231 treatment allows taxpayers to enjoy tax-favored treatment for 1231 property gains that are greater than 1231 property losses. This means that if the asset can be sold for a value greater than its basis, it can be taxed at a capital gains rate, which is lower than an ordinary income rate. However, if the 1231 property results in a loss then the taxpayer can treat it as an ordinary loss and such a loss may reduce the taxpayer's taxable income.
This provision is said to give a taxpayer the "best of both worlds" as it allows the favorable capital gains tax rate on section 1231 property while avoiding the negative implications of capital loss treatment. Ordinary losses are 100% deductible, while capital losses are subject to an annual deduction limitation of $3,000 against ordinary income. Within this framework, if capital losses exceed capital gains by more than $3,000 in any given tax year, the portion of the deduction that may be used to offset ordinary income is limited to $3,000; the excess loss over $3,000 must be carried over to the following year.
C Corporations are not allowed to deduct capital losses against ordinary income, and must instead deduct capital losses only against capital gains. If capital losses exceed capital gains in any given tax year, the excess loss may be carried back three years and carried forward five years where it is offset against capital gains of those years. When carrying a C corporation's capital loss back or forward, the loss does not retain its character as short-term or long-term. In other words, the loss is treated as a short-term capital loss even if it was originally a long-term capital loss.
Section 1231 does not reclassify property as a capital asset. Instead, it allows the taxpayer to treat net gains on 1231 property as capital gains, but to treat net losses on such property as ordinary losses.
Congress has decided not to let this "best of both worlds" treatment give taxpayers undesired benefits beyond its purpose. This treatment would compel a taxpayer to sell a Section 1231 loss asset at the end of a year to get an ordinary loss and hold a Section 1231 gain until the next taxable year to receive capital gains treatment. To limit the impact of this undesired result, Congress included 1231(c). This is a controversial topic in U.S. taxation.
Under 1231(c), the 1231 gain that was deferred until the second year in the example above will be recharacterized as ordinary income. This is done because the taxpayer has already received the benefit of having the loss in year one treated as an ordinary loss. Thus, if the 1231 gain is disposed of after year one, but before what becomes the seventh year under 1231(c)(2)(A), it will receive ordinary income treatment. If held onto and disposed of after the seventh year, it may be treated as a capital gain.
See also
Tax deduction
Depreciation recapture
References
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/1231-
External links
IRS website
0179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1231%20property |
Paul William Woods (born April 12, 1955) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL) from 1977 through 1984.
Woods has been the color commentator for Detroit Red Wings radio broadcasts since the 1987-1988 season.
Career
Woods was born in Hespeler, Ontario. As a youth, he played in the 1966 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Hespeler. Woods spent his junior career with the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds, leading the team in scoring in 1974-75 with 121 points in 62 games. He was drafted in the 3rd round (51st overall) of the 1975 NHL Entry Draft by the Montreal Canadiens. Woods won two AHL Calder Cup titles with Montreal's farm team, the Nova Scotia Voyageurs in 1975–76 and 1976–77, scoring the Cup winning goal in 1976. After two seasons in Nova Scotia, he was claimed by Detroit in the 1977 NHL Waiver Draft. His entire NHL career would be spent with Detroit.
Woods was the youngest captain in team history prior to Steve Yzerman. He scored 19 goals in his rookie season and settled into a role as a defensive forward, shutting down the opposition's top players. This was a role he embraced, and Woods' work ethic and speed made him a fan favorite in Detroit. His career was shortened due to a hip injury, finishing his NHL career with 72 goals and 124 assists in 502 games played.
Woods finished his pro career with the AHL's Adirondack Red Wings in 1984–85.
In 1987, Woods began a career as the color commentator for the Detroit Red Wings radio broadcasts. On October 17, 2022, he called his 3,000th game. He is the longest-serving radio color commentator in Detroit sports history.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1955 births
Living people
Adirondack Red Wings players
Canadian sports announcers
Detroit Red Wings announcers
Detroit Red Wings captains
Detroit Red Wings players
Montreal Canadiens draft picks
National Hockey League broadcasters
Nova Scotia Voyageurs players
Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds players
Ice hockey people from Cambridge, Ontario
Toronto Toros draft picks
Canadian ice hockey left wingers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Woods%20%28ice%20hockey%29 |
Crossgate is a small area of housing that sits above North Road but below the Neville's Cross area of Durham. It is predominantly occupied by students at Durham University who favour the area due to its proximity to the university departments in the Elvet and Palace Green areas of the city.
Local amenities
Crossgate boasts two pubs (Ye Olde Elm Tree and The Angel), a working men's club and a pancake cafe, all of which exist as part of a cheerful community housed in pretty late Victorian brick terraced houses. St Margaret's Church, built in the 12th century, stands on a small bluff at the foot of Crossgate; its churchyard, extending from South Street up to Margery Lane, provides a significant green space in the Crossgate quarter of Durham.
History
Crossgate is one of the oldest centres of Durham. In the Middle Ages, there was a borough separate from the borough of Durham, called Crossgate or Old Borough, and comprising Crossgate itself, Allergate and South Street; it was more or less coterminous with the chapelry of St Margaret of Antioch. It was under the lordship of Durham Priory and had its own borough court, but had no market of its own. Crossgate was first joined to the main centre of Durham, where the markets were held, when Bishop Flambard built Framwellgate Bridge, about the year 1128. From being a chapelry of the parish of St Oswald's Church, St Margaret's was made an independent parish in 1431, and St Margaret's Church promoted from a chapel of ease to a parish church. The earliest parts of the church are Norman, The area of residence shrank considerably during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, but grew again rapidly during the nineteenth century. Crossgate's present largely residential character is at least partly the result of the nineteenth-century construction of North Road as a principal shopping street.
References and footnotes
Margot Johnson. "Crossgate" in Durham: Historic and University City and surrounding area. Sixth Edition. Turnstone Ventures. 1992. . Page 14.
Areas of Durham, England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossgate%2C%20County%20Durham |
The NIFL Irish Premiership, known as the Sports Direct Premiership for sponsorship purposes, and colloquially as the Irish League or Irish Premiership, is a professional association football league which operates as the highest division of the Northern Ireland Football League – the national league in Northern Ireland. The Premiership was established as the IFA Premiership in 2008 under the auspices of the Irish Football Association, before the Northern Ireland Football League was created for the start of the 2013–14 season. At the end of the season, the champion club is presented with the Gibson Cup.
Larne are Irish League champions for the first time in their 134 year history, following a 2-0 win over Crusaders in April 2023. In winning the league, Larne became the first team from outside of Belfast to win the league since Portadown in 2002.
Origin
The current format was introduced for the 2008–09 season after the League system for Northern Ireland was re-organised. The top flight was reduced in size from 16 to 12 clubs, included on the basis not only of their performance in the 2007–08 season, but in the previous two seasons, and other off-the-field criteria. Each applicant club was assessed by an independent panel and awarded points against the following criteria:
Sporting (maximum 450 points) – based on league placings, Irish Cup, League Cup and European performances in 2005–06, 2006–07 and 2007–08; with points also awarded for running youth teams, women's teams and community development programmes
Finance (maximum 200 points) – based on solvency, debt management and cash-flow projection
Infrastructure (maximum 150 points) – based on stadium capacity, changing provisions, sanitary facilities, field of play, floodlighting, existence and standard of control room, first aid room, drug testing room and media facilities
Personnel (maximum 100 points) – based on qualification and experience of staff
Business planning (maximum 50 points)
Attendances (maximum 50 points)
Portadown were the highest-profile casualty of the new system, suffering relegation to the newly formed IFA Championship as a result of submitting their application for inclusion in the Premiership 29 minutes past the deadline for consideration. The Northern Ireland Football League assumed responsibility for the top three divisions of Irish League national football from the IFA in 2014, putting forward plans to improve the scene of football in Northern Ireland. The plans include improving stadiums, status in European competitions, league structure, commercial image of the competitions, as well as spreading out match kick-off times to be more variable and reintroducing previously abandoned competitions for clubs to compete in, such as the Charity Shield, Floodlit Cup, Ulster Cup and Gold Cup.
League format
Fixtures
Each team plays a total of 38 fixtures during the season. Each team initially plays every other team three times (either twice at home and once away, or once at home and twice away) for a total of 33 fixtures per team. The league then splits into Section A and Section B, the top six teams in Section A playing each other for a fourth and final time to settle championship and European qualification issues, and the bottom six teams in Section B playing each other to settle relegation issues. The post-split fixtures are usually arranged in such a way as to result in the teams in each half playing each other twice at home and twice away. After the split, teams in the top six cannot finish lower than 6th place, and teams in the bottom six cannot finish higher than 7th place, regardless of the results in the final 5 games. The League campaign begins in August and continues until late April or early May. Most fixtures are played on Saturday afternoons, with occasional fixtures on Friday evenings, and some mid-week games, usually on Tuesday or Wednesday evenings. Traditionally, there are Bank Holiday afternoon fixtures on Boxing Day, New Year's Day, and Easter Tuesday.
Three points are awarded for a win, one point for a draw, and none for a loss. Points can be deducted for breaches of rules (e.g. fielding an ineligible player). The teams are first and foremost ranked by number of points, with the winner having the most points. If two or more teams finish level on points, four tiebreakers are used to separate them: highest overall goal difference, most goals scored, most points gained in the head-to-head meetings, and finally, highest goal difference in the head-to-head meetings. In the highly unlikely event that teams are still tied in a key position after these tiebreakers (e.g. determining the league champions, European qualification, relegation, or even second stage group allocation), lots will be drawn by the Management Committee.
Promotion and relegation
There is no promotion from the Premiership, as it is the highest division of the Irish League system. At the end of the season, the 12th-placed club is relegated to the NIFL Championship and the 11th-placed club must take part in an aggregate two-legged play-off against the winners of the pre-play-off match between the runners-up and third-placed Championship teams. The away goals rule is applied after 90 minutes of the second leg, with extra time and penalties also used to determine the winner in the second leg if necessary. The Premiership club gets home advantage in the second leg, and is relegated to the Championship if it loses the tie. In the event that the Championship winners do not possess the Promotion licence required to be eligible for the top flight, there is no automatic relegation. Instead, the play-off is passed down to the 12th-placed Premiership club and the 11th-placed club is safe from relegation. In the event that there are no Championship clubs eligible for promotion, there is no relegation.
European qualification
Northern Ireland is currently ranked in 42nd place out of 55 in the 2021 UEFA association coefficient rankings, which will be used to determine qualification places for the 2022–23 UEFA competitions. The Irish League’s relatively low ranking over the years has meant that the clubs have entered in the preliminary round or early qualifying rounds of UEFA competitions. No Premiership club has ever reached the group stage of a UEFA competition in their current respective formats. In fact, none have ventured beyond the second qualifying round of the Champions League. The closest any club has come to reaching the group stage was first during the 2019–20 UEFA Europa League, when Linfield became the first club from Northern Ireland to reach the play-off round, narrowly missing out on a place in the group stage after a 4–4 draw on aggregate against Qarabağ FK from Azerbaijan resulted in elimination on the away goals rule. Then, in the 2022–23 UEFA Europa Conference League play-off round, Linfield were beaten on penalties by FK RFS after a 3–3 draw on aggregate.
For the 2021–22 season, the Irish League will earn four berths in the 2022–23 UEFA competitions - three for the Premiership, with the fourth reserved for the Irish Cup winners. The Irish League champions will enter the qualifying rounds for the following season's UEFA Champions League, with the league runners-up and European play-off winners (along with the Irish Cup winners) entering the UEFA Europa Conference League. If, however, the Irish Cup winners have already qualified for Europe as league champions or runners-up, the Irish Cup's Europa Conference League berth is redistributed to the league's third-placed team. In order to compete in UEFA competitions, however, clubs must possess a UEFA licence. In the event that a team qualifies without such a licence, lower-placed teams may take their place. Unlike the English League Cup, the Northern Ireland Football League Cup winners are not awarded a European berth.
A play-off system for the final European qualification berth was introduced for the 2015–16 season. If the Irish Cup winners finish seventh or higher in the league, which historically has been the case in the majority of seasons, the four remaining teams from the top seven that have not already qualified for a UEFA competition (the teams in 3rd–7th, excluding either the Irish Cup winners, or the third-placed team if they are awarded the berth as explained above) compete in a series of play-offs for the final European place. If, however, the Irish Cup winners finish outside the top seven in the Premiership or play in a lower division, and if they also possess a UEFA licence, all five teams finishing 3rd–7th qualify for the play-offs. This would require an additional quarter-final match to be played by the sixth and seventh-placed teams, with the winner joining the other three clubs in the semi-finals. The play-offs did not take place during the 2019–20 season, as the league's UEFA ranking fell to 52nd. This meant that it lost the European berth normally awarded to the play-off winners. The play-offs returned in the 2020–21 season, after the league's ranking improved to 48th place - earning the fourth European berth back again.
The play-offs are single knockout matches and are played at the home of the higher-ranked team, with extra time used to determine the winner if the match ends level after 90 minutes, and a penalty shootout to follow if the two teams are still level after 120 minutes. Seeding is used during all rounds to reward the higher-placed qualifiers, with the sixth-placed team given home advantage against the seventh-placed team in the quarter-final match if it is required. The two higher-ranked semi-finalists are then given home advantage when facing the two lower-ranked semi-finalists, and the higher-ranked finalist is again given home advantage against the lower-ranked finalist.
Since the 2016–17 season, the league champions and the runners-up have been invited to participate in the Scottish Challenge Cup. Starting from 2019, the reigning champions have also faced the League of Ireland champions in that year's Champions Cup – the first all-Ireland competition since the Setanta Sports Cup was discontinued after the 2014 edition.
Media coverage
Highlights of individual Premiership matches are available online via the BBC Sport website. BBC NI also produces The Irish League Show, a weekly highlights show available to watch via BBC iPlayer. Since September 2007 Sky Sports have been broadcasting NIFL Premiership games live.
Statistics
These statistics cover the Premiership from 2008 onwards. For more detailed statistics covering the Irish League since 1890, see Northern Ireland Football League
Champions
Wins by club
Records
Most titles: 8, Linfield
Most consecutive titles: 4, Linfield (2018–19 to 2021–22)
Most points in a season: 91, joint record:
Crusaders (twice; 2015–16 & 2017–18)
Cliftonville (2012–13)
Fewest points in a season: 13, Portadown (2016–17)
Highest non-title-winning points total: 89, Coleraine (2017–18)
Lowest title-winning points total: 74, Linfield (2009–10)
Most wins in a season: 29, Cliftonville (2012–13)
Fewest wins in a season: 4, joint record:
Lisburn Distillery (2012–13)
Institute (2014–15)
Dungannon Swifts (2020–21)
Most draws in a season: 14, joint record:
Cliftonville (2008–09)
Crusaders (2008–09)
Coleraine (2012–13)
Fewest draws in a season: 2, Dungannon Swifts (2021–22)
Most losses in a season: 29, joint record:
Dungannon Swifts (2020–21)
Warrenpoint Town (2021–22)
Fewest losses in a season: 1, Coleraine (2017–18)
Most goals scored in a season: 106, Crusaders (2017–18)
Fewest goals scored in a season: 22, Dungannon Swifts (2020–21)
Most goals conceded in a season: 92, Carrick Rangers (2020–21)
Fewest goals conceded in a season: 24, Linfield (twice; 2016–17 & 2021–22)
Highest goal difference in a season: +68, Crusaders (2017–18)
Lowest goal difference in a season: –61, joint record:
Lisburn Distillery (2012–13)
Dungannon Swifts (2020–21)
Biggest away winning margin: 8 goals, Ballymena United 0–8 Cliftonville (17 November 2012)
Most goals scored in a game: 11 goals, Portadown 11–0 Ballinamallard United (7 September 2013)
Highest scoring draw: 10 goals, Portadown 5–5 Ballymena United (17 January 2015)
Premiership Clubs
See also
Northern Ireland Football League
Northern Irish football clubs in European competitions
Northern Ireland football league system
Irish League XI
List of association football competitions
Notes
External links
Northern Ireland Football League website
Irish FA Website
Irish Football BBC Sport
Northern Ireland – Champions RSSSF.com
References
1
Top level football leagues in Europe
Sports leagues established in 2008
it:Campionato nordirlandese di calcio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIFL%20Premiership |
Capital Football is the trading name for the ACT Football Federation Incorporated, the state governing body for soccer in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), but also has affiliated clubs based in surrounding areas of New South Wales. It is affiliated with Football Australia, the national governing body.
History
Capital Football was founded in the 1960s as the ACT Soccer Federation Incorporated. The organisation replaced the defunct Federal Capital Territory Soccer Football Association which controlled soccer in the ACT between 1926 and 1932 and the Federal Monaro District Soccer Association which lasted two years (1932–33). The Great Depression and World War II saw soccer all but disappear in the ACT with no new federation established and the odd team playing infrequent matches in NSW. Following the conclusion of the war new migrant communities settled in Canberra and founded clubs such as Juventus, Olympic, Croatia and Hungaria. These clubs formed the backbone of the new ACT Soccer Federation in the 1960s. The new federation and the clubs adopted a policy in 1960 to remove ethnic names but by 1966 this policy was abandoned and ethnic names returned. The ACT Soccer Federation continued to serve as the state federation body of the ACT under the trading name Soccer Canberra until 2005 when the organisation went through a restructure and rebranding in accordance with the new national rebranding set down by the new national federation, Football Federation Australia (FFA). The organisation's name changed to the ACT Football Federation Incorporated and it started trading under the guise of Capital Football.
In 2008, then Capital Football CEO Heather Reid was instrumental in securing Capital Football a W-League franchise licence from FFA, the only licence given to an entity not associated with an A-League team. Capital Football established Canberra United FC to compete in the inaugural W-League season in 2008-09. Canberra United finished the season in third place behind Queensland Roar and Newcastle Jets before going on to win their semi-final against the Jets 1-0 and losing the grand final 0-2 against the Roar.
2 April 2015, it was reported that Capital Football's membership numbers had swelled to 12,500 players after recording membership numbers of 10,512 in 2013 and 11,655 in 2014. The steady increase in numbers caused Capital Football to enter into regular talks with the ACT Government regarding identifying new playing grounds as the number of players and teams had reached a breaking point.
15 December 2015, Capital Football announced the amalgamation of its various elite high performance soccer programs into one entity, Canberra United Academy (CUA). The state federation additionally announced the Academy program would compete in the 2016 National Premier Leagues Capital Football season, increasing the total number of teams in the ACT's top men's division to ten. 17 December 2015, the eight ACT NPL clubs swiftly voiced their concerns regarding the new academy and its proposed ‘user pay’ system. 4 January 2016, Capital Football technical director, Warren Grieve, announced the intention for the state federation to push for the newly established academy to be granted a National Youth League licence by the FFA. Grieve noted this became the federation's responsibility due to the absence of an A-League team in the region. 10 February 2016, Canberra's NPL teams announced they would boycott all matches involving the Canberra United Academy including pre-season fixtures unless Capital Football removed CUA from the NPL and gave all eight clubs voting rights on the Capital Football board. 11 February 2016, FFA technical director, Eric Abrams, met with ACT NPL club presidents to discuss their ongoing concerns with the Canberra United Academy. Fairfax Media reported discussions had occurred regarding a break-away league being established if the impasse was not overcome. 31 March 2016, outgoing Capital Football CEO, Heather Reid, revealed ongoing discussions had been taking place between the federation and NPL club presidents regarding the CUA issue. She reiterated, along with board member Mark O’Neill that they were confident a resolution would be found shortly. 7 April 2016, Capital Football and the NPL clubs came to an agreement not to boycott matches against CUA in the first half of the season as a sign of good-faith to the new CF CEO. Meetings would continue to take place during this time to determine the long-term future. 27 May 2016, Cooma president, Harry Hovasapain, confirmed all NPL teams would play CUA for the rest of the 2016 season, noting the clubs, the federation board, the CEO and the competition manager were all now working closely and moving in the right direction. 27 February 2017, CF announced that CUA would continue to operate but would align with the FFA Centre of Excellence for the 2017 NPL season, freeing up a league place for Riverina Rhinos to join the league.
Headquarters
Capital Football's headquarters is located at Football House in the south-central Canberra suburb of Deakin, ACT (address: 2/3 Phipps Cl, Deakin ACT 2600). The first public mention of building a home for football in the ACT named "Football House" came on 14 September 1948 when Canberra Football League president, C A Donnelly, mentioned the idea in an article for local newspaper The Canberra Times. Mr Donnelly suggested the total costs of building the headquarters would be £8,000.
Administration
Capital Football Board, as of 16 March 2023
Competitions
Capital Football runs a number of men's, women's and junior competitions:
Associated clubs
Owned and operated teams
Capital Football owns and operates the A-League Women franchise team Canberra United Football Club since its inception in 2008 into the then W-League.
Affiliated clubs
As of 2021, Capital Football has a total of 31 affiliated senior men's and women's clubs, listed below. 23 clubs are from the ACT with and 8 clubs from the Monaro, Southern Tablelands and Riverina regions of NSW (including two clubs from Queanbeyan and one club each from Goulburn, Cooma, Yass, Palerang, Wagga Wagga and Griffith).
See also
Football (soccer) in the Australian Capital Territory
Sport in the Australian Capital Territory
References
External links
Capital Football official website
FFA official website
ACT
Soccer in the Australian Capital Territory
Sports governing bodies in the Australian Capital Territory
Sports organizations established in 2005
2005 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital%20Football |
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