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Jastarnia Wczasy railway station is a railway stop serving the village of Chłapowo, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station is located on the Reda–Hel railway. The train services are operated by Przewozy Regionalne.
Train services
The station is served by the following services:
Regional services (R) Hel - Władysławowo - Reda - Gdynia Główna
During the summer months long-distance services also operate to/from Hel.
References
This article is based upon a translation of the Polish language version as of August 2016.
External links
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Puck County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jastarnia%20Wczasy%20railway%20station |
Velan or Vélan may refer to:
Places
Velan, Albania, a settlement
Dent du Vélan, a peak in the Chablais Alps, Switzerland
Mont Vélan, a mountain of the Pennine Alps, on the border between Switzerland and Italy
Petit Vélan, a mountain of the Swiss Pennine Alps
People
Chris Velan, Canadian singer-songwriter
Isari Velan, Indian actor and politician
Yves Velan (1925–2017), Swiss writer
Other uses
Kartikeya, or Vēlaṇ, a Hindu deity
Velan (film), a 2021 Indian Tamil-language film
Velan Studios, an American video game developer
Velan, a character in the 2011 Tamil film Osthe
See also
Valan (disambiguation)
Valen (disambiguation)
Vela (disambiguation)
Velanne, France, a commune | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velan |
Nodosauridae is a family of ankylosaurian dinosaurs, from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous period in what is now North America, South America, Europe, and Asia.
Description
Nodosaurids, like their close relatives the ankylosaurids, were heavily armored dinosaurs adorned with rows of bony armor nodules and spines (osteoderms), which were covered in keratin sheaths. All nodosaurids, like other ankylosaurians, were medium-sized to large, heavily built, quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaurs, possessing small, leaf-shaped teeth. Unlike ankylosaurids, nodosaurids lacked mace-like tail clubs, instead having flexible tail tips. Many nodosaurids had spikes projecting outward from their shoulders. One particularly well-preserved nodosaurid "mummy", the holotype of Borealopelta markmitchelli, preserved a nearly complete set of armor in life position, as well as the keratin covering and mineralized remains of the underlying skin, which indicate reddish dorsal pigments in a countershading pattern.
Classification
The family Nodosauridae was erected by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1890, and anchored on the genus Nodosaurus.
The clade Nodosauridae was first informally defined by Paul Sereno in 1998 as "all ankylosaurs closer to Panoplosaurus than to Ankylosaurus," a definition followed by Vickaryous, Teresa Maryańska, and Weishampel in 2004. Vickaryous et al. considered two genera of nodosaurids to be of uncertain placement (incertae sedis): Struthiosaurus and Animantarx, and considered the most primitive member of the Nodosauridae to be Cedarpelta. Following the publication of the PhyloCode, Nodosauridae needed to be formally defined following certain parameters, including that the type genus Nodosaurus was required as an internal specifier. In formally naming Nodosauridae, Madzia and colleagues followed the previously established use for the clade, defining it as the largest clade including Nodosaurus textilis but not Ankylosaurus magniventris. As all phylogenies referenced included both Panoplosaurus and Nodosaurus within the same group relative to Ankylosaurus, the addition of another internal specifier was deemed unnecessary. The 2018 phylogenetic analysis of Rivera-Sylva and colleagues was used as the primary reference for Panoplosaurini by Madzia et al., in addition to the supplemental analyses of Thompson et al. (2012), Arbour and Currie (2016), Arbour et al. (2016), and Brown et al. (2017).
The highly isolated Antarctopelta, from the late Cretaceous of Antarctica, was previously thought to be the most basal nodosaurid, but a 2021 study found it to belong to the Parankylosauria, a separate basal lineage of ankylosaurs restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. However, the 2022 description of Patagopelta, a nodosaurine from South America, suggests that true nodosaurids also inhabited Gondwana, having colonized South America during a biotic interchange from North America during the Campanian.
Biogeography
The near simultaneous appearance of nodosaurids in both North America and Europe is worthy of consideration. Europelta is the oldest nodosaurid from Europe, it is derived from the lower Albian Escucha Formation. The oldest western North American nodosaurid is Sauropelta, from the lower Albian Little Sheep Mudstone Member of the Cloverly Formation, at an age of 108.5±0.2 million years. Eastern North American fossils seem older. Teeth of Priconodon crassus from the Arundel Clay of the Potomac Group of Maryland, which dates near the Aptian–Albian boundary. The Propanoplosaurus hatchling from the base of the underlying Patuxent Formation, dating to the upper Aptian, is the oldest known nodosaurid.
See also
Timeline of ankylosaur research
References
Further reading
Carpenter, K. (2001). "Phylogenetic analysis of the Ankylosauria." In Carpenter, K., (ed.) 2001: The Armored Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis, 2001, pp. xv-526
Osi, Attila (2005). Hungarosaurus tormai, a new ankylosaur (Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Hungary. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25(2):370-383, June 2003.
External links
Alberta oilsands discovery of 2011
Kimmeridgian first appearances
Maastrichtian extinctions
Taxa named by Othniel Charles Marsh
Prehistoric dinosaur families | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodosauridae |
Siarhiej Dubaviec (Сяргей Дубавец, ; born. September 17, 1959 in Mazyr) is a Belarusian journalist and writer.
Graduated from the Belarusian State University journalism faculty.
Worked for the Belarusian Soviet Encyclopaedia publishing house, the newspaper Homielskaja Praŭda and illegal anti-Soviet newspapers.
Editor of literature critics department in "Nioman magazine" (1987-1990), chief editor of the newspapers "Svaboda" (1990-1991) and "Naša Niva" (1991-2000), the radio "Bałtyjskija Chvali" (2000-2001), author of the programme "Vostraja Brama" on the Radio Liberty Belarusian edition (since 1997).
Resides currently in Vilnius.
He was awarded Belarusian Democratic Republic 100th Jubilee Medal by the Rada of the Belarusian Democratic Republic.
Books by Siarhiej Dubaviec:
"Praktykavańni" (Practices, 1991),
"Русская книга" (The Russian book, 1997),
"Dziońnik pryvatnaha čałavieka" (A private person's diary, 1998).
"Jak?" (How?, 2009)
References
External links
Siarhiej Dubaviec's blog
1959 births
Living people
People from Mazyr
Belarusian bloggers
Belarusian journalists
Belarusian male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siarhiej%20Dubaviec |
Jastarnia railway station is a railway station serving the town of Jastarnia, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station is located on the Reda–Hel railway. The train services are operated by Przewozy Regionalne.
The station used to be known as Heisternest.
Modernisation
The station was rebuilt between 2011 and 2013 as part of the modernisation of the Reda–Hel railway.
Train services
The station is served by the following services:
Regional services (R) Hel - Władysławowo - Reda - Gdynia Główna
During the summer months long-distance services also operate to/from Hel.
References
This article is based upon a translation of the Polish language version as of August 2016.
External links
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Puck County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jastarnia%20railway%20station |
KNRK (94.7 FM) is a commercial radio station licensed to Camas, Washington, serving the Portland metropolitan area. It is owned by Audacy, Inc. and airs an alternative rock radio format. KNRK's studios and offices are located on SW Bancroft Street in Downtown Portland. while the station transmitter is located off SW Fairmont Court in Portland.
Programming
The station played mostly alternative rock tracks from 2004 until 2020 when it expanded its format to include alternative-leaning pop, R&B, and hip-hop. By 2022, the station had shifted back toward strictly alternative rock.
History
On November 1, 1992 KMUZ-FM signed on the air. It was owned by Pacific Northwest Broadcasting, along with KMUZ (now KRYN). The station aired the Bonneville Beautiful Music format. It was powered at 3,200 watts on the 223-foot PGE tower on Mt. Scott in SE Portland, so it only could be heard from north to south, from Battleground to Wilsonville, and from Forest Grove to Troutdale.
On March 6, 1995, KMUZ-FM switched to alternative rock as "94-7 NRK"; the KNRK call letters would officially be adopted on April 28 of that year. The station's playlist was made up of alternative rock music by bands such as The Smashing Pumpkins, Pearl Jam and Nirvana. Radio personalities Stephanie Steele and Mike Chase hosted a morning show dubbed "S & M." A DJ who only goes by his middle name, Gustav, hosted weekday afternoons. Gradually, the station's format began to shift towards harder rock music in the late 1990s. Conventional DJs like Gustav and Daria O'Neill were gradually replaced by "shock-jocks." Music from bands like Limp Bizkit, Korn, Puddle of Mudd and Godsmack made up much of the playlist.
The station's harder edge came to an end on May 12, 2004. Two morning DJs played audio recordings of Nick Berg's violent death on the air and added their own commentary, which many listeners found offensive. Hundreds of angry phone-calls and e-mails flooded into the station. KNRK's General Manager fired both of them, along with their producer.
Following the incident, KNRK temporarily pulled all of its DJs off the air and played only music and commercials, in addition to the nationally syndicated talk show Loveline in the evenings. Brief messages by station program director Mark Hamilton explained the changes and plans to reshape the station. Listeners were encouraged to submit their ideas via an online survey or to call in with their own suggestions. Soon thereafter, KNRK became "94/7 FM - Alternative Portland." Several former KNRK DJs returned, and the station's music, while still alternative, leaned a bit more pop.
Throughout the remainder of the 2000s and 2010s, it featured specialty shows like "Passport Approved," which focused on international rock music. On Sundays, an experimental program known as "The Bottom Forty" aired and served as an alternative to conventional Top 40 countdown shows. The station also aired "Greasy Kid Stuff," a Saturday morning program that specialized in music for children. Daria O'Neill returned to host a weekday afternoon show with Gustav in 2017, but departed again in August 2018 after her contract wasn't renewed.
KNRK's parent company, Entercom, began changing the station's format in 2020. Program Director Mark Hamilton was removed from his position that September and transferred to sister station KYCH. The termination of several on-air personalities soon followed, including longtime DJ Gustav, who had been at KNRK since 1995. In their place were DJs airing recorded programming from other markets. The music mix also shifted to a current pop-heavy playlist. During this period, the station's ratings sunk to record lows. In August 2022, the station dropped the out of market DJs and returned to being programmed locally by Mark Hamilton.
HD Radio
KNRK broadcasts in the HD Radio format. In 2007, KNRK introduced "94/7 Too," an online station focusing entirely on bands based or initially established in the Pacific Northwest. It was added to over-the-air radio on 910 AM in July 2010. That station flipped format to sports talk in 2013, with "94/7 Too" moving to 94.7FM's HD2 signal and streaming online. New personalities were added in 2015 (Derric in the evenings) and 2016 (Middays with Pepper). In 2020, "94/7 Too" was replaced with "KNRK-2", which features a classic alternative rock format.
References
External links
NRK
Alternative rock radio stations in the United States
Modern rock radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1992
1992 establishments in Oregon
Audacy, Inc. radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KNRK |
was a Japanese poet and sculptor.
Biography
Takamura was the eldest son of Japanese sculptor Takamura Kōun. He graduated from the Tokyo School of Fine Arts in 1902, where he studied sculpture and oil painting. He studied in New York, at the Art Students League of New York City in 1906. While in New York, Takamura studied under the well known sculptor Gutzon Borglum. Takamura's time spent in America was difficult, and had great impact on his sculpture work and literary work. Takamura additionally studied in London in 1907, where he met his best friend Bernard Leach. After finishing his studies in Paris in 1908, he returned to Japan in 1909 and lived there for the rest of his life. His sculptural work shows strong influence both from Western work (especially Auguste Rodin, whom he idolized) and from the Shirakabaha society. Takamura dedicated his artwork style to separating itself from the traditional Japanese style of art. Takamura and other artist were seen as leaders of a revolution in Japanese artwork.
He is also famous for his poems, and especially for his 1941 collection Chiekoshō (智恵子抄, literally "Selections of Chieko", English title "Chieko's sky" after one of the poems therein), a collection of poems about his wife Chieko Takamura née Naganuma, the oil painter, paper artist and early member of the Japanese feminist movement, who died in 1938. In 1951 Takamura received the 2nd Yomiuri Prize.
Published works
Chieko's sky, 1941 (English translation 1978) - (English)
The Chieko poems, bilingual edition, 2005 -
Poèmes à Chieko, bilingual edition (Japanese and French), Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, 2021,
References
External links
Factmonster biography
Kotaro Takamura's grave
1883 births
1956 deaths
Tokyo School of Fine Arts alumni
Yomiuri Prize winners
20th-century Japanese sculptors
20th-century Japanese poets
Artists from Tokyo Metropolis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D%20Takamura |
Arcos de Valdevez () is a municipality along the northern frontier of Portugal and Galicia (Spain). The population in 2011 was 22,847, in an area of 447.60 km2. It is the largest municipality in area of the district of Viana do Castelo.
History
The first settlements in the area of Arcos de Valdevez occurred between the fifth and third millennium B.C., verified by archaeological investigations from many of the funerary mounds within the municipality, such as Núcleo Megalítico do Mezio. This also includes many rock carvings and paintings that were found in the Gião archaeological station. This period of prehistory and the Roman occupation known not just for its influence on toponymy, were important for many of the defensive and habitation structures that dot the landscape of the municipality. These include many of the castros that exist throughout the area, and in particular, in the parishes of Ázere, Álvora, and Cendufe.
During the Middle Ages many of these proto-cultural sites were abandoned for medieval parishes or monasteries located along plains or atop strategic hills, such as the Monastery of Ermelo (Cistercians) or Santa Maria de Miranda (Benedictine). These areas facilitated settlement, which was tied to herding and seasonal cultivation, while the mountains provided many sources for game. The facility of settlement greatly enhanced its importance, since its proximity to Spanish territory favoured strategic expansion into the south: the number of medieval bridges in the area, such as in Vilela and Cabreiro improved further expansion.
In documents dating back to the tenth and eleventh centuries, there were several military, social centres, and infrastructures that had been built along these northern positions. A Roman-type bridge within the municipal limits, was constructed between the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and first referenced during the named Inquirições de 1258 (1258 Inquiries), when the name Arcos appeared in Portuguese toponymy.
Although abandoned in the thirteenth century, the Castle of Santa Cruz in Vila Fonche, which predates the village, was one of the first human centers, helping to protect human populations and facilitate communication that crossed the bridges along the Vez River. By 1258, the castle controlled a geographic area that included the present boundaries of Arcos de Valdevez. Its importance along these trade and military routes influenced King Manuel I to elevate this "metro-pole" to the status of village in 1515.
Liberal reforms during the eighteenth century expanded the administrative limits of the municipality, with the annexation of the areas of Soajo, Ermelo, and Gavieira.
Geography
Physical geography
Arcos de Valdevez is situated in the northwest Portuguese peninsula of the historical province of Minho, in the district of Viana do Castelo. It is limited in the east by Spanish Galicia, in the south by the municipality of Ponte da Barca, in the southwest and west by Ponte de Lima, also by its western frontier with Paredes de Coura, in the north by Monção and northwest by Melgaço. Territorially, it occupies 20.18% of the Alto Minho subregion, 2.10% of the Norte region, or approximately 0.5% of continental Portugal.
The physical geography of the municipality consists of three fundamental morphological units: the river-valley depression occupied by the Rivers Vez and Lima, of which 35% of the municipality is located; the mountainous escarpment of the Peneda-Gerês; and an accidented area in the west that extends to the eastern limits of the municipality. The Vez valley, which crosses the territory from north to south, divides the mountainous western and eastern areas, and is the location of the principal activities of the territory.
Human geography
The municipal seat of Arcos de Valdevez, the city specifically, is composed of the civil parishes of Salvador and São Paio, which together account for a population of approximately 2204 inhabitants. It is characteristic of the larger area of northern Portugal, with a relatively homogeneous culture and population, dispersed within a similar scenic environment; it is one of the larger municipalities in Portugal, with an area of approximately .
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 36 civil parishes (freguesias):
Aboim das Choças
Aguiã
Alvora e Loureda
Arcos de Valdevez (São Salvador), Vila Fonche e Parada
Arcos de Valdevez (São Paio) e Giela
Ázere
Cabana Maior
Cabreiro
Cendufe
Couto
Eiras e Mei
Gavieira
Gondoriz
Grade e Carralcova
Guilhadeses e Santar
Jolda (São Paio)
Jolda (Madalena) e Rio Cabrão
Miranda
Monte Redondo
Oliveira
Paçô
Padreiro (Salvador e Santa Cristina)
Padroso
Portela e Extremo
Prozelo
Rio de Moinhos
Rio Frio
Sabadim
São Jorge e Ermelo
Senharei
Sistelo
Soajo
Souto e Tabaçô
Távora (Santa Maria e São Vicente)
Vale
Vilela, São Cosme e São Damião e Sá
The largest of these parishes, Gavieira, Soajo, Cabreiro, Gondoriz, and Sistelo, are located in the mountainous areas that are part of Peneda-Gerês National Park.
The municipal seat is situated from Braga Municipality and from Porto, in the civil parish of São Salvador. The urban agglomerations of Arcos de Valdevez coincide roughly with the principal roadway, the Estrada Nacional E.N.101, that links Braga with Monção. The construction of the ancillary I.C.28 altered this pattern, permitting rapid access to Arcos de Valdevez from other regional centres.
Administratively, along with Viana do Castelo, Ponte da Lima, and Ponte de Barca, it is overseen by the VALIMA Associação de Municípios do Vale do Lima (Association of Municipalities of the Vale do Lima).
Since 1981 the population of the municipality has been in steady decline; relative to the 2008 census, the population of the municipality has decreased, but at a rate far less than following the urbanization brought on by the Carnation Revolution in Portugal. The result has been an emigrant population, with most activities and residential concentration within a small area along the southwest border. Consequently, the urban areas of Salvador (with an urban density of 1090 habitantes/km2) and its neighbouring parishes (São Paio, Aguiã, and Giela) have seen some concentration.
Architecture
Civic
Bridge of Arcos de Valdevez () – constructed during the nineteenth century, beginning in 1876 and finalized in 1880, to replace the medieval construction. The monument is composed of stone blocks in four arcs with ample lateral accesses in a Roman style that open to a flat platform.
Castro of Ázere (), a fortified castro placement in Monte, erected during the Iron Age, but inhabited from the eighth century B.C.;
Dolmens of Serra do Soajo (), a group of dolmen constructions, in various states of ruin, used by the ancient settlers of the region, in the foothills of the Serra do Gêres, near Mezio and Cabana Maior;
Manor of Quinta de Aboim () – located in the parish of Aboim das Choças, is an example of a nobleman's eighteenth-century manor house;
Pillory of Arcos de Valdevez () – in 1515 King Manuel I had this stone structure built in the main square, but it was moved in 1700 from the Municipal Square () to the river's edge, until finally being re-erected in a small square along a strip near the main church. In 1998, it was replaced in its present location. Designed by João Lopes, it is a single structure in the form of a twisted colonnade, surmounted by the Portuguese military sphere and national shield, atypical of common pillory use.
Summer-House of Requeijo () – a manor house with a characteristic rectangular plan from the eighteenth century, and constructed with two towers, three-floors, and a lateral Franciscan chapel. The main floor is encircled with elaborate entrances and columns.
Religious
Chapel of Nossa Senhora da Conceição () – a seventeenth-century chapel dedicated to Our Lady of the Conception;
Church of Arcos de Valdevez () – this church was constructed under the guidance of King Pedro II, during the eighteenth century over the medieval ruins. Its interior is richly decorated with gold-leaf cornices and wood-carved ornamentation from the late eighteenth to nineteenth centuries. In 1776 the Calvário chapel, along the southern annex, was completed in the Rococo style;
Church of Nossa Senhora da Lapa () – was constructed to the cult of Nossa Senhora da Lapa, with influences from the Beira region, it was completed in 1767, and is characterized by a central plan with a tower and the main chapel designed by André Soares in the Baroque style. The interior, including the altars and ornamentation was completed in the Rococo-style.
Church of São Bento () – dedicated to Saint Benedict, is located on a prominent overlook, west of the village, it was completed in 1674, incorporating the older Franciscan Monsatary (today survived by a lone house), and decorated with azulejo and diverse religious images from the seventeenth century;
Church of São Paio () – its construction was begun in 1781 and completed in the nineteenth century, it includes a single bell and staircase, apparently influenced by architecture in Oporto. Azulejos on the front façade date back to the nineteenth century.
Church of the Espírito Santo () – the church dedicated to the Holy Spirit, was established by the Confraria do Espírito Santo in 1681, in the Mannerist-style and remodelled during the nineteenth century in the neo-Classical tradition. Its interior shows notable examples of seventeenth-century paintings, as well as a sculpted pulpit that is attributed to the Arcuense manuel Gomes, based on original plans by the painter Álvares Costa.
Church of the Misericórdia e Cruzeiro () – in 1595, the Confraria da Misericórdia (the Brotherhood of the Misericórdia) was established in Arcos, and promoted the construction of the villages first temple, which was completed in 1710. The church presents a Rococo architecture, that is richly decorated in Baroque (the main and side doorways) and neo-Classical (pulpits and sacristy) elements. Located in an enclosed lateral square, formerly the old cemetery, it is an example of eighteenth-century design, with a base decorated with representations of the life of Christ.
Monastery of Ázere () – a Benedictine monastery
Monastery of Ermelo (), a Romanesque monastery and church, but also a group of churches that correspond to the area of the River Lima, it was heavily altered in 1760. From the writings of Carlos Alberto F. de Almeida (1988), the decoration of the capitals and corners show an evolution in comparison to those in the Minho watershed, comparable to those in Valdreu (Terras de Bouro), Fervença (Celorico de Basto), and Ferreira (Paços de Ferreira).
Sport
The municipal government has funded several sports related projects to develop local athletics, including the construction and maintenance of the following:
Arcos de Valdevez Municipal Pool (), that includes a 47m x 17m x1.8m deep pool, a health club, a commercial area with three shops and snack-bar; the building offers swimming lessons, hydrogymnastics, hydro-therapy, Jacuzzi, as well as aerobics and training services;
Coutada Municipal Stadium (), that supports the activities of the local schools, sports teams (especially soccer and rugby), as well as athletics that include infrastructures for track events, administration, receptions, and a bar.
In addition, there are several local sports organizations and clubs that benefit from the local infrastructures or offer different sporting services; these include the local equestrian and nautical club.
The local football (soccer) club in Arcos is the C.A. Valdevez (), established in 1945, and currently playing the Portuguese Second Division Series A league. Arcos de Valdevez has a rugby team, Clube de Rugby de Arcos de Valdevez.
Notable people
Mariana Joaquina Pereira Coutinho (1748–1820) a courtier and salonist for queen Maria I of Portugal
Manuel António Gomes (1868 in Santiago de Cendufe – 1933) a Catholic priest, inventor and physicist.
Abílio Rodas de Sousa Ribas (born 1931 in Soajo) a Roman Catholic bishop emeritus of São Tomé and Príncipe
Pedro Tiba (born 1988), known as Tiba, a footballer with over 400 club caps
References
Notes
Sources
Towns in Portugal
Municipalities of Viana do Castelo District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcos%20de%20Valdevez |
Jernhusen AB owns and runs railway stations and other buildings attached to the railway network in Sweden. The company was formed on 1 January 2001 as part of the break-up of Statens Järnvägar, the former national railway. It remains wholly owned by the Swedish government.
External links
Jernhusen Facebook
Government-owned companies of Sweden
Swedish companies established in 2001
Railway companies of Sweden
Railway companies established in 2001
Companies based in Stockholm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jernhusen |
Skanstull is an area in Södermalm in Stockholm. Skanstull connects the traffic between the inner city and the south parts of Stockholm and its suburbs. Skanstull was originally the city's southern toll station, but the toll station was removed in 1857. Skanstull served as an execution site in the 17th century. It is the birthplace of Swedish artist Bladee.
The Skanstull metro station was opened in 1950.
References
Geography of Stockholm
fi:Skanstull | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skanstull |
Jurata railway station is a railway stop serving the town of Jurata, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station is located on the Reda–Hel railway. The train services are operated by Przewozy Regionalne.
The station used to be known as Helaheide.
Modernisation
The station was rebuilt during 2015 as part of the modernisation of the Reda–Hel railway.
Train services
The station is served by the following services:
Regional services (R) Hel - Władysławowo - Reda - Gdynia Główna
During the summer months long-distance services also operate to/from Hel.
References
This article is based upon a translation of the Polish language version as of August 2016.
External links
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Puck County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurata%20railway%20station |
Helene Stöcker (13 November 1869 – 24 February 1943) was a German feminist, pacifist and gender activist. She successfully campaigned to keep same sex relationships between women legal, but she was unsuccessful in her campaign to legalise abortion. She was a pacifist in Germany and joined the Deutsche Friedensgesellschaft. As war emerged, she fled to Norway. As Norway was invaded, she moved to Japan and emigrated to America in 1942.
Life
Born in Wuppertal, Stöcker was raised in a Calvinist household and attended a school for girls which emphasised rationality and morality. She moved to Berlin to continue her education and then she studied at the University of Bern, where she became one of the first German women to receive her doctorate. In 1905, she helped found the League for the Protection of Mothers (Bund für Mutterschutz, BfM), and she became the editor of the organisation's magazine Mutterschutz (1905–1908) and then Die Neue Generation (1906–1932).
In 1909, she joined Magnus Hirschfeld in successfully lobbying German parliament from including lesbian women in the law criminalising homosexuality. Stöcker's influential new philosophy, called the New Ethic, advocated the equality of illegitimate children, legalisation of abortion, and sexual education, all in the service of creating deeper relationships between men and women which would eventually achieve women's political and social equality. This was received with dismay from more conservative women's organisations in Imperial Germany.
During World War I and the Weimar period, Stöcker's interest shifted to activities in the peace movement. In 1921 in Bilthoven, together with Kees Boeke and Wilfred Wellock, she founded an organisation with the name Paco (the Esperanto word for "peace") and later known as War Resisters' International (Internationale der Kriegsdienstgegner, WRI). She was also very active in the Weimar sexual reform movement. The Bund für Mutterschutz sponsored a number of sexual health clinics, which employed both lay and medical personnel, where women and men could go for contraception, marriage advice, and sometimes abortions and sterilisation. From 1929 to 1932, she took one last stand for abortion rights. After a papal encyclical, the Casti connubii, issued on 31 December 1930 denounced sex without the intent to procreate, the radical sexual reform movement collaborated with the Socialist and Communist parties to launch one final campaign against paragraph 218, which prohibited abortion. Stöcker added her iconic voice to a campaign that ultimately failed.
When the Nazis came to power in Germany, Stöcker fled first to Switzerland and then to England when the Nazis invaded Austria. Stöcker was attending a PEN writers conference in Sweden when war broke out and remained there until the Nazis invaded Norway, at which point she took the Trans-Siberian Railway to Japan and finally ended up in the United States in 1942. She moved into an apartment on Riverside Drive in NYC and died there of cancer in 1943.
Published works
Books
1906 – Die Liebe und die Frauen. Ein Manifest der Emanzipation von Frau und Mann im deutschen Kaiserreich.
1928 – Verkünder und Verwirklicher. Beiträge zum Gewaltproblem.
Papers
Frauen-Rundschau, 1903–1922
Mutterschutz, newspaper of the Bund für Mutterschutz, published from 1905 to 1907.
Die Neue Generation, 1908–1932.
References
Other sources
Atina Grossmann: Reforming Sex: The German Movement for Birth Control and Abortion Reform, 1920–1950. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995.
Christl Wickert: Helene Stöcker 1869–1943. Frauenrechtlerin, Sexualreformerin und Pazifistin. Dietz Verlag, Bonn, 1991.
Gudrun Hamelmann: Helene Stöcker, der 'Bund für Mutterschutz' und 'Die Neue Generation'. Haag Verlag, Frankfurt am Main, 1998.
Rolf von Bockel: Philosophin einer 'neuen Ethik': Helene Stöcker (1869–1943). 1991.
Annegret Stopczyk-Pfundstein: Philosophin der Liebe. Helene Stöcker. BoD Norderstedt, 2003.
Further reading
Edward Ross Dickinson, Sex, Freedom, and Power in Imperial Germany, 1880–1914, Cambridge University Press, 2014.
1869 births
1943 deaths
20th-century German women writers
Writers from Wuppertal
People from the Rhine Province
German feminists
German pacifists
German Peace Society members
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
German LGBT rights activists
Women civil rights activists
Emigrants from Nazi Germany to Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helene%20St%C3%B6cker |
Báetán mac Cairill (died 581) was king of the Dál Fiatach, and high-king of Ulaid, from c. 572 until his death. He was the son of Cairell mac Muiredaig Muinderg (died 532) and brother of Demmán mac Cairill (died 572), previous Kings of Ulaid. According to some sources, he was high-king of Ireland.
Báetán sought to impose his authority over Dál Riata in Scotland, and over the Isle of Man. Medieval Ulster genealogists describe him as rí Érenn ocus Alban (king of Ireland and Scotland), and quote from a poem, now lost, which has him receiving tribute from Munster, Connaught, Skye and the Isle of Man. This is probably to overstate his power, and represents what it meant to be high-king in much later times, rather than in Báetán's day.
Báetán is said to have forced the king of Dál Riata to pay homage to him at Rinn Seimne on Islandmagee near Larne, modern County Antrim possibly in 574 or early 575. Áedán mac Gabráin is thought to be the king in question, and Ulster sources say that Báetán collected tribute from Scotland. Báetán's power can best be judged by the actions of his enemies, Áed mac Ainmuirech of Northern Uí Néill and Áedán mac Gabráin of Dál Riata. In 575, at Druim Cett, these two met and made an alliance, fostered by the future Saint Columba, a member of the Cenél Conaill like Áed, to oppose Báetán's attempts to increase his power by extending Dál Fiatach influence beyond the isle of Ireland.
The Annals of Ulster record an expedition of the Ulaid to the Isle of Man in 577 and their return in 578 in which Báetán imposed his authority on the island. In 582 after his death, the annals record the taking of Man by Áedán mac Gabráin.
Báetán was unable to achieve his ends, but he was not the last king of the Ulaid to seek conquests and allies overseas. Fiachnae mac Báetáin of the Dál nAraidi would follow the same path in the 620s and Congal Cáech in the 630s.
Báetán was married to a woman of the Ui Tuitre (a tribe of the Airgialla west of Lough Neagh in modern County Tyrone) with whom he may have had an alliance. Báetán's descendants did not hold the kingship which became the monopoly of his brother's descendants, the Clan Demmáin. His sons were killed by their cousin Máel Dúin mac Fiachnai. This is recorded in the annals in the year 605 where it is said they were slain by their uterine brother.
Báetán in Legend and Romance
Don Carleton suggests that the character King Bagdemagus or Bademagu, who features in some continental Arthurian romances, has his origins in Báetán mac Cairill, and that the boar hunt described in the tale of Culhwch ac Olwen in the Mabinogion is an allegorical account of a military campaign fought against Báetán mac Cairill in South Wales.
Notes
See also
Kings of Ulster
References
Annals of Ulster at at University College Cork
Annals of Tigernach at at University College Cork
Adomnán, Life of St Columba, tr. & ed. Richard Sharpe. Penguin, London, 1995.
Byrne, Francis John, Irish Kings and High-Kings. Batsford, London, 1973.
Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí, Early Medieval Ireland: 400–1200. Longman, London, 1995.
Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (2005), A New History of Ireland, Volume One, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Charles-Edwards, T. M. (2000), Early Christian Ireland, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
Gearoid Mac Niocaill (1972), Ireland before the Vikings, Dublin: Gill and Macmillan
External links
CELT: Corpus of Electronic Texts at University College Cork
The Corpus of Electronic Texts includes the Annals of Ulster, Tigernach, the Four Masters and Innisfallen, the Chronicon Scotorum, the Lebor Bretnach, Genealogies, and various Saints' Lives. Most are translated into English, or translations are in progress
6th-century births
581 deaths
Kings of Ulster
High Kings of Ireland
6th-century Irish monarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1et%C3%A1n%20mac%20Cairill |
Trondheim International School ("This") was founded in 2004 as an alternative to the Norwegian schools. It became an IB World School in 2008. It sees the IB program as a continuation process from the "PYP" to the "MYP" to the "DP" programs, and therefore has a continuation process with communication with the IB Diploma Program in the Trondheim Cathedral School.
References
External links
Official website
International Baccalaureate schools in Norway
Educational institutions established in 2004
International schools in Norway
2004 establishments in Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trondheim%20International%20School |
Bradley Ray Nessler (born June 3, 1956) is an American sportscaster, who currently calls college football and college basketball games for CBS Sports.
Career
Early assignments
Nessler began his professional broadcasting career sharing play–by–play radio duties with Al Ciraldo on Georgia Tech basketball on WGST from 1980–81 through 1984–85 and handled the play–by–play for the Atlanta Falcons from 1982 to 1988 on WGST and WSB before assuming the same position for the Minnesota Vikings during the 1988 and 1989 seasons. He also called preseason telecasts for the Miami Dolphins for several years and has done play–by–play of ACC football and basketball telecasts for Jefferson-Pilot.
CBS Sports
In 1990 and 1991, Nessler worked for CBS Sports, calling NFL games, college football and college basketball (both men's and women's college basketball).
ESPN and ABC Sports
Nessler's career with ESPN began in 1992 with college basketball games, and also Big Ten and Thursday night football contests, and expanded with the addition of ABC Sports assignments in 1997.
Nessler has also appeared annually as a commentator in EA Sports' NCAA Football series with Kirk Herbstreit. Also, his voice (and that of his broadcast partner, Dick Vitale) was featured in EA Sports' NCAA March Madness video game series.
College football
When Nessler began calling college football for ABC in 1997 he was regarded as the #3 play-by-play man behind Keith Jackson and Brent Musburger. He was promoted to #2 upon Jackson's scaling back to West Coast games in 1999, and was the #1 Saturday afternoon play-by-play man from 2006 until the 2008 season. In July 2009, ESPN announced that Nessler would move to the top play-by-play man for ESPN's coverage of college football, being primarily responsible for ESPN's Saturday Primetime game airing at 7:45 PM Eastern Time.
He originally worked with Gary Danielson as his college football color man when he began working for ABC in 1997, but from 1999 to 2008 called games alongside Bob Griese (who traded positions with Danielson). Starting in 2006, Paul Maguire joined Nessler and Griese as a third color commentator for the Saturday afternoon college telecasts. Upon the announcement of Nessler's move to ESPN's Saturday Primetime telecasts, it was also announced that he would be teamed with former Penn State quarterback Todd Blackledge and sideline reporter Erin Andrews beginning with the 2009 college football season; this crew also called the January 1, 2010 Capital One Bowl on ABC.
NBA and college basketball
From 2002 to 2004, Nessler was a broadcaster for the NBA, including calling the 2003 NBA Finals. During this particular period, Nessler was accused (particularly by Richard Sandomir of The New York Times) of not knowing game strategy well, lacking rhythm and enthusiasm in his game call, not bringing out the best in his partners (i.e. Bill Walton and Tom Tolbert), too often ignoring the score, and tending to stammer.
Starting in 2006, Nessler had provided play-by-play for SEC games on Super Tuesday and Thursday Night Showcase, alongside Sean Farnham or Dick Vitale (and formerly Jimmy Dykes) and sideline reporter Heather Cox. He also covered Saturday afternoon games for ESPN during the regular college basketball season, and previously appeared on ABC.
Monday Night Football
On September 11, 2006, ESPN began its coverage of Monday Night Football with a Week 1 doubleheader. Nessler teamed with Ron Jaworski, Dick Vermeil, and Bonnie Bernstein to call the second game, featuring the San Diego Chargers and Oakland Raiders. On September 13, 2010, Nessler again worked a Monday Night Football game, teaming with Trent Dilfer and Suzy Kolber to call the San Diego Chargers and Kansas City Chiefs in the second game of that night's Week 1 doubleheader. On September 12, 2011, Nessler and Dilfer called the Oakland Raiders and Denver Broncos in the second game of the Week 1 doubleheader; the game included a 63-yard field goal kicked by Oakland's Sebastian Janikowski, which tied the NFL record at the time.
NFL Network
In May 2011, Nessler was hired by NFL Network to call its Thursday Night Football telecasts, on which he was teamed with analyst Mike Mayock for an eight-game package. He continued to call the game package in 2012 and 2013, expanded to thirteen games, before CBS Sports took over responsibility for the package in the 2014 NFL season.
Return to CBS
CBS Sports announced on May 31, 2016, that Nessler would return to the network to serve as lead play-by-play announcer for SEC college football games beginning in the 2017 season, replacing the outgoing Verne Lundquist. He was then reunited with Danielson, who he worked with at ESPN and ABC from 1992–1999. Since 2022, the duo are joined weekly by Jenny Dell and former NFL referee Gene Steratore. He also provides play-by-play for college basketball for the network, usually teaming with analyst Bill Raftery.
Nessler's first SEC game for CBS was Florida at Arkansas on November 5, 2016. He assumed duties as CBS' lead college football announcer for the Sun Bowl one month later.
In 2018 Nessler called his first NCAA March Madness on TBS.
Personal life
Nessler is a graduate of Minnesota State University, Mankato. He now lives in the Atlanta area with his wife and family.
References
External links
1956 births
Living people
American radio sports announcers
American television sports announcers
Atlanta Falcons announcers
College basketball announcers in the United States
College football announcers
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets basketball
Miami Dolphins announcers
Minnesota State University, Mankato alumni
Minnesota Timberwolves announcers
Minnesota Vikings announcers
National Basketball Association broadcasters
National Football League announcers
NFL Network people
NFL Europe broadcasters
Olympic Games broadcasters
People from St. Charles, Minnesota
Women's college basketball announcers in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad%20Nessler |
Hel Bór is a former PKP railway station in Hel (Pomeranian Voivodeship), Poland. The station was used for military base service.
Lines crossing the station
References
Bór article at Polish Stations Database, URL accessed at 5 March 2006
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Disused railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Puck County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hel%20B%C3%B3r%20railway%20station |
Killyleagh Castle is a castle in the village of Killyleagh, County Down, Northern Ireland. It is believed to be amongst one of the oldest inhabited castles in the country, with parts dating back to 1180. It follows the architectural style of a Loire Valley château, being redesigned by architect Sir Charles Lanyon in the mid-19th century. It has been owned by the Hamilton family since the early 17th century.
It is currently the home of Gawn Rowan Hamilton and his young family. The castle hosts occasional concerts; performers have included Van Morrison, Glen Hansard and Bap Kennedy. The gate lodges provide self-catering holiday accommodation. From 2012 to 2014, the castle was used to film CBBC show Dani's Castle.
History
12th century
Killyleagh was settled in the 12th century by Norman knight John de Courcy who built fortifications on the site of the castle in 1180 as part of a series of fortifications around Strangford Lough which he had built in order to protect the lands he had seized from the native Irish.
17th century
In 1602 Gaelic chieftain Con O'Neill of Clandeboye owned large tracts of North Down, including Killyleagh. O'Neill sent his men to attack English soldiers after a quarrel and was consequently imprisoned. O'Neill's wife made a deal with Scots aristocrat Hugh Montgomery to give him half of O'Neill's lands if Montgomery could get a royal pardon for O'Neill. Montgomery obtained the pardon but King James I divided the land in three, with the area from Killyleagh to Bangor going to another Scot, James Hamilton, later 1st Viscount Claneboye. A map of Killyleagh from 1625 showed the castle as having a single tower on the south side of a residence. In about 1625 Hamilton moved from Bangor to Killyleagh Castle, where he built the courtyard walls. It has been the home of the Hamilton family ever since.
Viscount Claneboye's son, James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Clanbrassil, built the second tower. He supported the Stuart monarch Charles I of England and the castle was besieged in 1649 by Oliver Cromwell's forces who sailed gunboats into Strangford Lough and blew up the gatehouse. The Earl fled, leaving behind his wife and children. Parliament fined him for the return of the castle and his land.
The 1st Earl's son, Henry Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Clanbrassil, rebuilt the castle in 1666. He erected the north tower and built (or perhaps restored) the long fortified bawn (wall) in the front of the castle. The 2nd Earl's castle is mostly what remains today.
In 1667 the 2nd Earl married Lady Alice Moore, daughter of the Earl of Drogheda, and their only child died in infancy. Lady Alice discovered that her father-in-law, the 1st Earl of Clanbrassil, had stated in his will that should Henry die without issue the estate should be divided between five Hamilton cousins, the eldest sons of his five uncles. She destroyed the will and had her husband make his own will in 1674, leaving the estate to her. Henry died of poisoning in 1675, then Lady Alice died in 1677, leaving the estate to her brother. The cousins, however, were aware of the 1st Earl's will and pursued their rights as inheritors. The matter was concluded 20 years later when a copy of the original will was discovered. By then, the cousins were all dead. The last to die was James Hamilton of Neilsbrook, County Antrim, son of Archibald Hamilton, the next brother of James Hamilton, 1st Viscount Claneboye. James Hamilton of Neilsbrook had been confident of a settlement in his favour and had bequeathed the estate to be divided in two, with one half going to his daughter Anne Stevenson, née Hamilton, and the other half to his younger brothers Gawn and William Hamilton. In 1697 the probate court divided the castle, with Gawn and William gaining the main house and the two towers and their niece Anne receiving the bawn and gate house. Gawn and William had to open a new entrance on the north side in order to enter their castle.
18th and 19th centuries
William died without children in 1716 and the castle passed to successive generations of Gawn Hamilton's descendants. Gawn's great-grandson Archibald Hamilton Rowan, an Irish nationalist of the United Irishmen, lived in the castle as one of his homes between 1806 and 1834 after his return from exile in America.
Hamilton Rowan's grandson, Archibald Rowan-Hamilton, and his wife employed architect Sir Charles Lanyon from 1850 to renovate the castle, creating its romantic silhouette with the addition of the turrets.
James Hamilton of Neilsbrook's daughter Anne married Hans Stevenson and her estate passed to her son James Stevenson, then to his daughter Dorcas, later Dorcas Blackwood, 1st Baroness Dufferin and Claneboye (1726–1807), and on to Dorcas's great-grandson Frederick Temple Blackwood, 5th Baron Dufferin and Claneboye (1826–1902). In 1860 the 5th Baron gave the bawn and gate house to the Hamiltons and commissioned a replacement gate house to better match the main castle. The Baron added Hamilton to his surname just before marrying his distant cousin Hariot Georgina Rowan-Hamilton, daughter of Archibald Rowan-Hamilton, in 1862.
20th century
The castle came under attack by the Irish Republican Army during the troubles of the 1920s. Gawn Rowan Hamilton has said: "I have a cutting from the Belfast Telegraph which tells the story of my great-great uncle being woken at 2 am and exchanging gunfire from the battlements, which was terribly exciting."
Architecture
The architecture of the castle has no traces of an Irish tower house or castle.
Benjamin Ferrey created a baronial gatehouse to match the two surviving corner towers to the castle.
Lanyon's imposing doorcase was a celebration of Rowan-Hamilton's access through their front door for the first time in almost 200 years.
The heavy plasterwork is by Mr. Fulton. Drawing room, dining room and library interconnect and look south into the garden.
Lanyon retained the vaulted rooms in the northern circular tower and the pentagonal rooms in its Georgian counterpart.
He re-encased the entire exterior while respecting the original fenestration. At roof level he provided a flurry of candle snuffers.
References
Castles in County Down
Grade A listed buildings
Register of Parks, Gardens and Demesnes of Special Historic Interest
Killyleagh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killyleagh%20Castle |
James Kajiya is a pioneer in the field of computer graphics. He is perhaps best known for the development of the rendering equation.
Kajiya received his PhD from the University of Utah in 1979, was a professor at Caltech from 1979 through 1994, and is currently a researcher at Microsoft Research.
In 2002, Kajiya was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to formal and practical methods of computer image generation.
References
External links
Biography at Microsoft
Microsoft employees
University of Utah alumni
California Institute of Technology faculty
Computer graphics professionals
American computer scientists
Computer graphics researchers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Kajiya |
Stripper's Union is a Canadian rock band consisting of Rob Baker (vocals, guitar), Craig Northey (vocals, guitar), Doug Elliott (bass guitar), Simon Kendall (piano), and Pat Steward (drums). The band have to date released three albums in 2005, 2011 and 2021.
Northey, Elliott and Steward are all current members of Odds and Sharkskin. Kendall was formerly with Doug and the Slugs as well as Sharkskin. Baker was a member of The Tragically Hip. Many of the band's songs are written by Baker and Northey.
History
In 2005, they released their debut album, Stripper's Union Local 518. It features songs recorded at The Bathouse Recording Studio in Bath, Ontario in December, 2004. The Kids in the Hall member Dave Foley is listed as a co-writer of the song, "Give Up and Go Away", originally written for his wife, Crissy. "Give Up and Go Away" was released as a single and peaked at #9 on Canada's Rock chart.
In 2011, they released their second album, The Deuce, a mixture of blues, jazz and country rock tunes.
On February 5, 2021, after a 10-year hiatus, a third album, titled The Undertaking, was released.
Stripper's Union Local 518
Stripper's Union Local 518 is the debut album of the Stripper's Union. It was recorded at The Bathouse Recording Studio in Bath, Ontario in December, 2004.
Track listing
"Shake It Off (Walking With The King of Funk)" – 3:23
"Full Flow Angry Boy" – 3:08
"No One's Watching" – 3:29
"Bullet Proof White Limo" – 3:48
"Lost Lost Highway" – 4:34
"Everybody Knows The Words" – 3:03
"Give Up And Go Away" – 4:02
"Local Bear" – 4:03
"Horses And Trains" – 3:15
"Nothing Can Bring You Back" – 2:44
"Sweet 'n Low" – 3:27
"The Radio (Foggy Hill)" – 3:16
"Wave After Wave (The Glowing Boat Companion)" – 4:31
References
Canadian alternative rock groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripper%27s%20Union |
Kajiya (usually written 加治屋) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Jim Kajiya, American computer scientist
Yoshito Kajiya (born 1938), Japanese politician
Yuriko Kajiya (born 1984), Japanese ballet dancer
Japanese-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kajiya |
The Hel railway station is a railway station serving the town of Hel, in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland. The station opened in 1922 and is located on the Reda–Hel railway. The train services are operated by Przewozy Regionalne.
Modernisation
The station was rebuilt during 2015 as part of the modernisation of the Reda–Hel railway.
Train services
The station is served by the following services:
Regional services (R) Hel - Władysławowo - Reda - Gdynia Główna
During the summer months long-distance services also operate to/from Hel.
Gallery
References
Railway stations in Poland opened in 1922
Railway stations in Pomeranian Voivodeship
Puck County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hel%20railway%20station |
State Route 215 (SR 215) is a state highway that runs northwest-to-southeast through portions of Dooly, Wilcox, and Ben Hill counties in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia.
Route description
SR 215 begins at an intersection with SR 27 in the eastern part of Vienna, in Dooly County. It heads east to an interchange with Interstate 75 (I-75) on the extreme eastern edge of town. It heads southeast to an intersection with SR 257. Then, it enters Wilcox County. The highway continues southeast to an intersection with US 280/SR 30 (7th Avenue W.) in Pitts. The three highways run concurrent to the east. In Rochelle, the highways intersect SR 112/SR 233 (Ashley Street). Here, US 280/SR 30 depart to the east on 1st Avenue, while SR 215 turns south onto SR 112/SR 233 for about five blocks. At the end of the concurrency, SR 112/SR 233 continue south on Ashley Street, while SR 215 heads east on 5th Avenue. It continues to the southeast and enters Ben Hill County. Shortly after entering the county it meets its eastern terminus, an intersection with SR 90 northwest of Fitzgerald.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
Georgia Roads (Routes 201 - 220)
215
Transportation in Dooly County, Georgia
Transportation in Wilcox County, Georgia
Transportation in Ben Hill County, Georgia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20State%20Route%20215 |
was a Japanese artist.
Biography
Chieko Takamura was born in the town of Adachi in what is now the city of Nihonmatsu, Fukushima Prefecture as Chieko Naganuma, the eldest of six daughters and two sons.
In 1903, she went to the Japan Women's University in Tokyo, and graduated in 1907. She became an oil painter, and made colorful papercuts. She was an early member of the Japanese feminist movement Seitōsha, joining in 1911. She made the cover illustration for the first issue of their magazine, "Seitō". It began as a literary outlet for woman writers and quickly turned into a forum for discussing feminist issues. These women were from the upper-middle class and soon were labeled "New Women" because of their views and their lifestyles. In February 1914, she married Kōtarō Takamura, a sculptor and poet, whom she met soon after he had returned from France.
Following the breakup of her family home in 1929, she was diagnosed in 1931 with symptoms of schizophrenia – she was hospitalized for that disease in 1935, and remained there until her death from tuberculosis in 1938.
Kōtarō's book of poems about her, , is still widely admired and read today. The translated title, "Chieko's Sky", is from one of the poems, , where Chieko longs for the sky of her childhood.
See also
Portrait of Chieko
References
External links
One biography
A book description from Amazon.com
1886 births
1938 deaths
20th-century Japanese painters
20th-century Japanese women artists
Artists from Fukushima Prefecture
Japanese feminists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chieko%20Takamura |
Andrej Dyńko () (born 1974) is a Belarusian journalist. In 2000-2006 he served the chief editor of the oldest Belarusian weekly newspaper Naša Niva. Later he headed magazines Nasha Historyja (Наша гісторыя), Arche, and publications for children in the Belarusian language Dudu and Asciarozhna: dzieci!
Biography
Career
He began his work as a translator and publicist. He translated from French, Italian, English, Polish, and Ukrainian languages. Dynko edited Nasha Niva since 1999 till 2017, he also taught in Minsk State Linguistic University in 1997–2000. He was one of the co-founders of Arche magazine in 1998–2004.
Under his leadership Nasha Niva became the most red web site in the Belarusian language. Nobel laureate Svetlana Alexievich described Dynko as the person who ensured the success of ‘Nasha Niva’ and made the publication one of the most important in Belarus.
In 2018 Dynko became the chief editor of 'Nasha Historyja'. Since 2019 he is also the chief editor of magazines for children in the Belarusian language Dudu and Asciarozhna: dzieci!
He got Hanno Ellenbogen Citizenship Award (2003), Oxfam-Novib Award (2006), «For Journalistic Courage and Professionalism» Award (2006), Lorenzo Natali Prize (2007). Dynko is married to Natallia Dynko and has three children: Jakub, Justyna, and Vasil.
During the 2006 protests, in opposition to the results of the 2006 Presidential Elections, Dynko was detained at a protest rally on March 21, 2006, and spent ten days in a jail. His prison diaries were published thereafter and translated in a number of languages. The arrest was used by the authorities as the reason to refuse registration to 'Nasha Niva'.
Arrest
Following the nation-wide protests in Belarus after the 2020 presidential election that was denounced as rigged by the opposition and the West, the authorities started a crackdown campaign wiping all independent media in the country. ‘Nasha Niva’ covered the protests and was eventually banned as ‘extremist’ in November 2021, exactly on the 115th anniversary of its founding; its website was blocked in July.
By 2021 Dynko was serving as chief editor of the ‘Nasha Historyja’ (Наша гісторыя), the Arche, and the «Асцярожна: дзеці!» magazines, also published by ‘Nasha Niva’.
On July 8, 2021, Dyńko was arrested together with Nasha Niva editor-in-chief Yahor Martsinovich and editor Andrey Skurko. He was declared suspected first under the article 342 of the Criminal Code of Belarus («Organisation or preparation of mass disturbances or participation in mass disturbances»). The accusation was not submitted. Instead the detention continued under suspect under the art. 216 part 2 of the Criminal Code of Belarus («Causing property damage without signs of theft»). Like other political prisoners, he stayed in Akrescina prison without any bedding and personal belongings in cells where light was never switched off.
On July 12, 2021, by a joint statement of ten organizations, including the Human rights center "Viasna", the Belarusian Association of Journalists, the Belarusian Helsinki Committee, the Belarusian PEN Center, he was recognized as a political prisoner.
On July 21, 2021, Dynko was released under an undertaking to appear. He described his detainment as ‘being in hell’. According to Dynko, the detained in Okrestina are kept in inhuman conditions.
References
External links
Dyńko prison diary at PEN/Opp
1974 births
Living people
Writers from Brest, Belarus
Belarusian journalists
Belarusian media executives | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej%20Dy%C5%84ko |
Attleborough railway station is on the Breckland line in the east of England, serving the market town of Attleborough, Norfolk. The line runs between in the west and in the east. Attleborough is situated between and , from London Liverpool Street via .
The station is managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates most of the services calling at the station. Some East Midlands Railway also stop at Attleborough.
History
The Bill for the Norwich & Brandon Railway (N&BR) received Royal Assent on 10 May 1844. The line was to link with an Eastern Counties Railway (ECR) project of a line from Newport in Essex to Brandon in Norfolk. Once complete the line would enable trains to travel from Norwich to London. Work started on the line in 1844.
One month before the N&BR opened a Bill authorising the amalgamation of the Yarmouth & Norwich Railway with the N&BR came into effect and so Attleborough station became a Norfolk Railway asset.
The line opened on 30 July 1845 including the ECR Brandon to Newport line. However, the line only got to Trowse, in the suburbs of Norwich, as the contractors were having to build a swing bridge to cross the navigable River Wensum. Attleborough station was, as it is now, situated east of Eccles Road station and west of Spooner Row station.
Two years after opening the Norfolk Railway closed in September 1847. This meant was the next station east of Attleborough.
The ECR and its rival the Eastern Union Railway (EUR) were both sizing up the NR to acquire and expand their railway empire. The ECR trumped the EUR by taking over the NR, including Attleborough Station on 8 May 1848.
Seven years after the ECR took over the NR Spooner Row reopened on 1 December 1855.
Five years after its reopening Spooner Row closed for a second time on 1 August 1860, once again leaving Wymondham as the next station east of Attleborough.
Two years after Spooner Row station closed the railways in East Anglia were in financial trouble, and most were leased to the Eastern Counties Railway, which wished to amalgamate formally but could not obtain government agreement for this until an Act of Parliament on 7 August 1862, when the Great Eastern Railway (GER) was formed by the amalgamation. Actually, Attleborough became a GER station on 1 July 1862 when the GER took over the ECR and the EUR before the Bill received the Royal Assent.
20 years after the GER was formed Spooner Row reopened for the third and final time.
The system settled down for the next 4 decades, apart from the disruption of First World War. The difficult economic circumstances that existed after World War 1 led the Government to pass the Railways Act 1921 which led to the creation of the Big Four. The GER was absorbed into the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). Attleborough became a LNER station on 1 January 1923.
On nationalisation in 1948 the station and its services came under the management of the Eastern Region of British Railways.
The station's ticket office was closed in the 1960s.
Upon privatisation in the 1990s the station and most of its services were transferred to Anglia Railways, with services to the Midlands being transferred to Central Trains.
On 1 April 2004 management of the station passed on to National Express East Anglia, then known as "one".
On 11 November 2007, services to Liverpool were transferred to East Midlands Trains upon the breakup of the Central Trains franchise.
In 2008 NXEA opened a new ticket office at Attleborough as part of its Rural Stations Restaffing Initiative, almost 41 years to the day since the original office was closed. This has also been closed (exact date unknown), and has been replaced by a ticket machine.
On 5 February 2012, the station and most of its services were transferred to Abellio Greater Anglia.
Wooden level crossing gates adjacent to the station used to be opened and closed manually by a signaller in the local signal box. However, in 2012 the signal box was closed and the crossing was renewed with automatic barriers with warning lights.
On 18 August 2019, all services operated by East Midlands Trains were transferred to East Midlands Railway upon the expiry of the former's franchise.
There is no footbridge at this station.
Services
, from Monday to Saturday there is typically one train per hour eastbound to operated by Greater Anglia. There are also three trains per day to Norwich operated by East Midlands Railway.
There is typically one train per hour westbound to operated by Greater Anglia, with nine trains per day now extended to . There are three trains per day to Ely operated by East Midlands Railway; from Ely these services continue to via and .
On Sundays there is typically one train per hour to Norwich and one train per hour to Stansted Airport, operated by Greater Anglia.
References
Station on navigable O.S. map
External links
Railway station
Railway stations in Norfolk
Former Great Eastern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1845
Railway stations served by East Midlands Railway
Greater Anglia franchise railway stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attleborough%20railway%20station |
Kirkistown Castle is a castle situated near Cloghy, County Down, Northern Ireland. The tower house and bawn is a state care historic monument in the townland of Kirkistown, in Ards and North Down Borough (at grid ref: J6450 5800).
It is an impressive three-storey tower house, built in 1622 by Roland Savage, a Norman landlord, at the site of a ninth-century round tower. It was occupied until 1731, when it was deserted. It post-dates the Plantation, but is fully in the late medieval tower-house tradition. Parts of the bawn wall survive with three-quarter round flanker towers at the angles. The tower was remodelled in Gothic style in 1800 by a Col. Johnston, and in 1836 some further work was performed by a very young Master Montgomery of Grey Abbey. The building was left, however, with a partial roof and broken windows, and the elements soon returned it to disrepair. The Northern Ireland Environment Agency opened it to the public for the first time in 2001.
See also
Castles in Northern Ireland
References
Castles in County Down
Savage family | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkistown%20Castle |
Southeast Kentucky Community and Technical College (SKCTC) is a public community college in Cumberland, Kentucky. It is one of 16 two-year, open-admissions colleges of the Kentucky Community and Technical College System (KCTCS). It was founded in 1960 as the Southeast Center of the University of Kentucky by Senator Richard Glenn Freeman.
SKCTC is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Before being renamed in 2004, Southeast Kentucky Community and Technical College was known as only Southeast Community College.
Academics
SKCTC offers three Associate degree programs:
Associate of Arts
Associate of Science
Associate of Applied Science
It also offers diploma and certificate programs.
Service area
The primary service area of SKCTC includes:
Bell County
Harlan County
Letcher County
Neighboring counties in Tennessee and Virginia
Campuses
SKCTC maintains campuses in Cumberland, Harlan, Middlesboro, Pineville and Whitesburg.
References
External links
Official website
Kentucky Community and Technical College System
Universities and colleges established in 1960
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Education in Harlan County, Kentucky
Education in Bell County, Kentucky
Education in Letcher County, Kentucky
Buildings and structures in Harlan County, Kentucky
Buildings and structures in Bell County, Kentucky
Buildings and structures in Letcher County, Kentucky
1960 establishments in Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast%20Kentucky%20Community%20and%20Technical%20College |
This is a list of newspapers in Papua New Guinea.
The National
Papua New Guinea Post-Courier
Wantok Niuspepa
The Independent (defunct)
See also
Communications in Papua New Guinea
List of newspapers
Papua New Guinea
Newspapers
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Papua%20New%20Guinea |
Peter Hebblethwaite (30 September 1930 – 18 December 1994) was a British Jesuit priest and writer. After leaving the priesthood, he became an editor, journalist ('Vaticanologist') and biographer.
Life
Hebblethwaite was born in Ashton-under-Lyne, Lancashire, the son of Charles and Elsie Ann Hebblethwaite. He was educated at the parish primary school of St Anne's, Ashton-under-Lyne, and Xaverian College, Manchester.
Hebblethwaite entered the Jesuit novitiate in 1948, and later studied in England and France. He was ordained a priest in 1963. Two years later he joined the staff of the Jesuit magazine The Month, covering the final session of the Second Vatican Council.
In 1967 he was appointed editor of The Month, a post he held until leaving the priesthood to marry Margaret Speaight (born 1951, London), a British writer, journalist, activist and religious worker. The couple wed in 1974 and had three children.
From 1976 to 1979, he taught French at Wadham College, Oxford, specialising in the work of Catholic writer Georges Bernanos, before launching himself as a freelance journalist, concentrating on Catholic affairs and the Vatican in particular. He was the Vatican correspondent for the American liberal Catholic weekly National Catholic Reporter from 1979 to 1981. He was a journalist on Vatican affairs (regarded by some during his lifetime as the leading English-language Vaticanologist).
Hebblethwaite gained esteem as an author whose style was calm, scholarly and witty. His numerous books brought him to a wider public. The Runaway Church (1975) looked at the changes in the Catholic Church since the Second Vatican Council. The Year of Three Popes covered the dramatic papal events of 1978, and was later followed by two papal biographies: John XXIII: Pope of the Council appeared in 1984 and Paul VI: The First Modern Pope in 1993.
Death
Peter Hebblethwaite died in Oxford on 18 December 1994, aged 64.
Publications
Books
Bernanos: An introduction (Studies in modern European literature and thought series). London: Bowes & Bowes, 1965.
Understanding the Synod. Dublin and Sydney: Gill & Son, 1968.
The Runaway Church. London: Collins, 1975.
The Christian-Marxist Dialogue: beginnings, present status, and beyond. London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1977.
The Year of Three Popes. London: Collins, 1978.
with Ludwig Kaufmann, John Paul II: A Pictorial Biography. New York: McGraw-Hill, c1979. (hbk.), (pbk.)
The New Inquisition? Schillebeeckx and Küng. London: Fount Paperbacks, 1980.
The Papal Year. London: Chapman, 1981.
Introducing John Paul II: The Populist Pope. London: Collins / Fount, 1982.
John XXIII: Pope of the Council. London: Chapman, 1984. Revised edition Fount Paperbacks, 1994. Abridged edition Continuum, 2000.
Synod Extraordinary: The Inside Story of the Rome Synod November–December 1985. London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1986.
In the Vatican. London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1986.
Paul VI: The First Modern Pope. London: HarperCollins, 1993.
The Next Pope: An Enquiry. London: Fount, 1995. (reissued in 2000 with the subtitle "A Behind-The-Scenes Look at the Forces That Will Choose the Successor to John Paul II and Decide the Future of the Catholic Church". )
Pamphlets
Changes in the Church?. London: Catholic Truth Society, 1967.
What the Council Says about Cultural Values. London: Catholic Truth Society, 1968.
The Theology of the Church. Theology Today no. 8. Notre Dame, Ind.: Fides Publishers, 1969.
Some Aspects of Revisionist Thinking. Boston College Studies in Philosophy 2. Boston: Boston College, 1969.
Pope John Paul II, the Gulf War and the Catholic tradition. Oxford Project for Peace Studies paper no.31. Oxford: Oxford Project for Peace Studies, 1992.
Translations
Ladislaus Boros, Breaking Through to God: The Way of the Cross. London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1973. (from German)
Pierre de Calan, Cosmas, or, The Love of God. London: Collins, 1980. (from French)
References
Obituaries
The Times, 19 December 1994.
The Guardian, 19 December 1994.
The Daily Telegraph, 19 December 1994.
People from Ashton-under-Lyne
Linguists from the United Kingdom
English biographers
Former Jesuits
Laicized Roman Catholic priests
1930 births
1994 deaths
People from Oxford
English male journalists
20th-century British biographers
English male non-fiction writers
20th-century English male writers
20th-century linguists
Male biographers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Hebblethwaite |
This is a list of newspapers in Fiji.
Daily Post
Fiji Focus
Fiji Live
Fiji Samachar
Fiji Sun
Fiji Times
Fiji Village
The Jet Newspaper
Shanti Dut
The Stallion
South Sea Times
Nai Lalakai
Kaila
Fiji Newswire
Fiji One
Fiji Broadcasting Corporation
Islands Business (magazine)
Mai Life (magazine)
See also
List of newspapers
Fiji
Newspapers
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Fiji |
Thomas Cottle, Esq. (1761–1828) was a lawyer on the island of Nevis. In 1822, Thomas started to build a church for all people on the island, including slaves. The Cottle Church, as it is now called, was completed in 1824 and opened on May 5 that year. He married Frances Huggins, daughter of Edward Huggins, one of the richest and most powerful planters in Nevis.
Further reading
Hubbard, Vincent K. 2002. "Swords, Ships & Sugar". Premiere Editions International, Inc. . A complete history of Nevis. p.156
19th-century Saint Kitts and Nevis lawyers
1761 births
1828 deaths
Saint Kitts and Nevis businesspeople
Saint Kitts and Nevis people of British descent
People from Nevis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Cottle |
Fulton College may refer to:
Fulton College (Fiji), a Seventh-day Adventist tertiary institution
Fulton College Preparatory School, Van Nuys, California
Fulton–Montgomery Community College, a two-year college in Johnstown, New York
Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology at Brigham Young University
Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, part of Arizona State University
Westminster College, Missouri, formerly known as Fulton College | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulton%20College |
WRL can stand for different things:
Wales Rugby League, governing body for rugby league football in Wales
War Resisters League, a secular pacifist organization in the United States
Web Rule Language, a W3C member submission
Windows Runtime Library, also known as the Windows Runtime C++ Template Library, a programming library for accessing COM on Windows.
Woodlands Regional Library, a regional library in Woodlands, Singapore
Worland Municipal Airport (IATA airport code), a public airport in Wyoming, U.S.
The World Racing League, a fictional automobile racing league in the Speed Racer film adaptation
WRL (file extension), a VRML file format for representing 3D vector graphics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRL |
Karin Smirnov or Smirnoff (née Strindberg; 26 February 1880 – 10 May 1973) was a Finno-Swedish writer. She was the daughter of August Strindberg and Siri von Essen.
Smirnov was a socialist; she married Russian Bolshevik . She wrote plays and also books about her mother and father, and their marriage.
Finnish writers in Swedish
Swedish-speaking Finns
1880 births
1973 deaths
Strindberg family | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin%20Smirnov |
Spooner Row railway station is on the Breckland line in the East of England, serving the small village of Spooner Row, Norfolk. The line runs between in the west and in the east.
Spooner Row is situated between and , from London Liverpool Street via . The station is managed by Greater Anglia, which also operates all of the services calling at the station.
It is one of the least-used stations in Norfolk, with just 1,344 passenger entries/exits in 2018/19, according to Office of Rail and Road estimates, though this figure was a marked increase on just 264 passengers six years prior. On weekdays, there are two trains per day to Norwich and one to Cambridge, booked to call on request only. In 2020/21, there were 74 passengers, which increased to 320 in 2021/22.
History
The Bill for the Norwich & Brandon Railway (N&BR) received Royal Assent on 10 May 1844. The line was to link with an Eastern Counties Railway (ECR) project of a line from Newport in Essex to Brandon in Suffolk. Once complete, the line would enable trains to travel from Norwich to London. Work started on the line in 1844. The line and its stations were opened on 30 July 1845. Spooner Row station opened with the line and was, as now, situated east of Attleborough station and west of Wymondham station. The line ran from Ely to Trowse, in Norwich. The link into Norwich was delayed due to the need to build a bridge over the River Wensum that kept the river navigable. One month before the N&BR opened a Bill authorising the amalgamation of the Yarmouth & Norwich Railway with the N&BR came into effect and so Spooner Row station became a Norfolk Railway asset.
The NR closed Spooner Row station in September 1847. In 1848 the NR was absorbed by the Eastern Counties Railway. The ECR reopened Spooner Row station on 1 December 1855. The station closed for a second time on 1 August 1860. An Act of Parliament on 7 August 1862 authorised the amalgamation the ECR and the Eastern Union Railway, which resulted in the formation of the Great Eastern Railway (GER). Subsequent to this, Spooner Row reopened for the third and final time on 1 March 1882.
The difficult economic circumstances that existed after World War I led the Government to pass the Railways Act 1921 which led to the creation of the Big Four. The GER amalgamated with several other companies to create the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER). Spooner Row became an LNER station on 1 January 1923. On nationalisation in 1948 the station and its services came under the management of the Eastern Region of British Railways. The original station buildings were destroyed by fire in the 1970s, although the station features in the British Transport Films Collection DVD (Volume 4), filmed in 1959. Upon privatisation the station and its services were transferred to Anglia Railways on 2 March 1997. On 1 April 2004 the station and its services were transferred to National Express East Anglia, then known as one. On 5 February 2012 these were transferred to Abellio Greater Anglia.
The original wooden level crossing gates were operated manually from the station's signal box. However, in 2012 the signal box was closed and the crossing gates were renewed with automatic barriers and warning lights. The signal box is due to be relocated to Wymondham Abbey railway station on the heritage Mid-Norfolk Railway.
Facilities
The station is unstaffed. The platforms are staggered on either side of the level crossing, with sheltered seating on both. On the westbound (Cambridge) platform there are unusually two help-points. The eastbound (Norwich) platform is considerably lower in height than is usual on the British railway network.
Services
Spooner Row is a request stop.
, on weekdays there are two trains each morning to , also calling at . There is one train each afternoon to , also calling at , , , and .
On Saturdays, the station is served by one train in each direction, with the Cambridge service extended to . There is no Sunday service.
References
External links
Railway stations in Norfolk
Former Great Eastern Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1845
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1847
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1855
Railway request stops in Great Britain
Greater Anglia franchise railway stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spooner%20Row%20railway%20station |
The name Rosamund (, also spelled Rosamond and Rosamunde) is a feminine given name and can also be a family name (surname). Originally it combined the Germanic elements hros, meaning horse, and mund, meaning "protection". Later, it was influenced by the Latin phrases rosa munda, meaning "pure rose", and rosa mundi, meaning "rose of the world". "Rosamunda" is the Italian, "Rosamunde" is the German and "Rosemonde" the French form of the name.
People named Rosamund include:
Rosamund (wife of Alboin) (), second wife of Alboin, King of the Germanic Lombards
Rosamund Bartlett, American writer, scholar, translator and lecturer specializing in Russian literature
Rosamund Clifford (before 1150–c. 1176), medieval beauty and longtime mistress of King Henry II
Rosamund Greenwood (1907–1997), British actress
Rosamund John (1913–1998), English actress
Rosamund Kwan (born 1962), Chinese actress
Rosamund Lupton (born 1964), British author
Rosamunde Pilcher (1924–2019), British author
Rosamund Pike (born 1979), English actress
Rosamund Hanson (born 1989), English actress
Rosamund Stanhope (1919–2005), British poet and teacher
Rosamund Vallings, New Zealand doctor, specialist in chronic fatigue syndrome
Rosamund Marriott Watson (1860–1911), English poet and critic who wrote under the pseudonym of Graham R. Tomson
References
English feminine given names
Feminine given names
Given names derived from plants or flowers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosamund |
Internet censorship in Pakistan is government control of information sent and received using the Internet in Pakistan. There have been significant instances of website access restriction in Pakistan, most notably when YouTube was banned from 2012–2016. Pakistan has asked a number of social media organisations to set up local offices within the country, but this is yet to happen.
Pakistan made global headlines in 2010 for blocking Facebook and other Web sites in response to a contest popularized on the social networking site to draw images of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. In general, Internet filtering in Pakistan remains both inconsistent and intermittent, with filtering primarily targeted at content deemed to be a threat to national security, pornography, homosexuality and at religious content considered blasphemous.
In 2019, the National Assembly Standing Committee on Information Technology and Telecom was informed by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) that 900,000 URLs were blocked in Pakistan for "reasons such as carrying blasphemous and pornographic content and/or sentiments against the state, judiciary or the armed forces." In February 2023, Wikipedia was banned by the PTA for two days over alleged blasphemous content.
Overview
In mid-2012 Pakistanis had relatively free access to a wide range of content, including most sexual, political, social, and religious sites on the Internet. The OpenNet Initiative listed Internet filtering in Pakistan as substantial in the conflict/security area, and as selective in the political, social, and Internet tools areas in August 2012. Additionally, Freedom House rated Pakistan's "Freedom on the Net Status" as "Not Free" in its Freedom on the Net 2022 report. This is still true as of 2022.
Internet filtering in Pakistan is regulated by the Pakistan Telecommunications Authority (PTA) and the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) under the direction of the government, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, and the Ministry of Information Technology (MoIT). Although the majority of filtering in Pakistan is intermittent—such as the occasional block on a major Web site like Blogspot or YouTube—the PTA continues to block sites containing content it considers to be blasphemous, anti-Islamic, or threatening to internal security. Online civil society activism that began in order to protect free expression in the country continues to expand as citizens utilize new media to disseminate information and organize.
Pakistan has blocked access to websites critical of the government or the military. Blocking of websites is often carried out under the rubric of restricting access to "blasphemous" content, pornography, or religious immorality. At the end of 2011, the PTA had officially banned more than 1,000 pornographic websites in Pakistan.
Pakistan Internet Exchange
The Pakistan Internet Exchange (PIE), operated by the state-owned Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd (PTCL), was created to facilitate the exchange of Internet traffic between ISPs within and outside of Pakistan. Because the majority of Pakistan's Internet traffic is routed through the PIE (98% of Pakistani ISPs used the PIE in 2004), it provides a means to monitor and possibly block incoming and outgoing Internet traffic as the government deems fit.
Internet surveillance in Pakistan is primarily conducted by the PIE under the auspices of the PTA. The PIE monitors all incoming and outgoing Internet traffic from Pakistan, as well as e-mail and keywords, and stores data for a specified amount of time. Law enforcement agencies such as the FIA can be asked by the government to conduct surveillance and monitor content. Under the Prevention of Electronic Crimes Ordinance (PECO), ISPs are required to retain traffic data for a minimum of 90 days and may also be required to collect real-time data and record information while keeping their involvement with the government confidential. The ordinance does not specify what kinds of actions constitute grounds for data collection and surveillance.
Pakistan Telecommunication Company
In April 2003, the PTCL announced that it would be stepping up monitoring of pornographic websites. "Anti-Islamic" and "blasphemous" sites were also monitored. In early March 2004, the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA) ordered Internet service providers (ISPs) to monitor access to all pornographic content. The ISPs, however, lacked the technical know-how, and felt that the PTCL was in a better position to carry out FIA's order. A Malaysian firm was then hired to provide a filtering system, but failed to deliver a working system.
National URL filtering and blocking system
In March 2012, the Pakistan government took the unusual step of touting for firms that could help build it a nationwide content-filtering service. The Pakistan Telecommunications Authority published a request for proposals for the "deployment and operation of a national level URL Filtering and Blocking System" which would operate on similar lines to China's Golden Shield, or "Great Firewall". Academic and research institutions as well as private commercial entities had until 16 March to submit their proposals, according to the request's detailed 35-point system requirements list. Key among these is the following: "Each box should be able to handle a block list of up to 50 million URLs (concurrent unidirectional filtering capacity) with processing delay of not more than 1 milliseconds".
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons
The Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy began after 12 editorial cartoons, most of which depicted the Islamic prophet Muhammad, were published in the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten on 30 September 2005. This led to protests across the Muslim world, some of which escalated into violence with instances of firing on crowds of protestors, resulting in more than 100 reported deaths, and included the bombing of the Danish embassy in Pakistan, setting fire to the Danish Embassies in Syria, Lebanon and Iran, storming of European buildings, and the burning of the Danish, Dutch, Norwegian, French, and German flags in Gaza City. The posting of the cartoons online added to the controversy.
On 1 March 2006 the Supreme Court of Pakistan directed the government to keep tabs on Internet sites displaying the cartoons and called for an explanation from authorities as to why these sites had not been blocked earlier. On 2 March 2006, pursuant to a petition filed under Article 184(3) of the Constitution of Pakistan, the Supreme Court sitting en banc ordered the Pakistan Telecommunications Authority (PTA) and other government departments to adopt measures for blocking websites showing blasphemous content. The Court also ordered Attorney General Makhdoom Ali Khan to explore laws which would enable blocking of objectionable websites. In announcing the decision, Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry, said, "We will not accept any excuse or technical objection on this issue because it relates to the sentiments of the entire Muslim world. All authorities concerned will have to appear in the Court on the next hearing with reports of concrete measures taken to implement our order".
Consequently, the government kept tabs on a number of websites hosting the cartoons deemed to be sacrilegious. This ban included all the weblogs hosted at the popular blogging service blogger.com, as some bloggers had put up copies of the cartoons – particularly many non-Pakistani blogs.
A three-member bench headed by Chief Justice Chaudhry, summoned the country's Attorney General as well as senior communication ministry officials to give a report of "concrete measures for implementation of the court's order". At the hearing on 14 March 2006, the PTA informed the Supreme Court that all websites displaying the Muhammad cartoons had been blocked. The bench issued directions to the Attorney General of Pakistan, Makhdoom Ali Khan, to assist the court on how it could exercise jurisdiction to prevent the availability of blasphemous material on websites the world over.
The blanket ban on the blogspot.com blogs was lifted on 2 May 2006. Shortly thereafter the blanket ban was reimposed and extended to Typepad blogs. The blanket ban on the blogspot.com blogs was later lifted again.
Allegations of suppressing vote-rigging videos by the Musharraf administration were also leveled by Pakistani bloggers, newspapers, media, and Pakistani anti-Musharraf opposition parties. The ban was lifted on 26 February 2008.
Social media and platform blocking
YouTube was blocked in Pakistan following a decision taken by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority on 22 February 2008 because of the number of "non-Islamic objectionable videos." One report specifically named Fitna, a controversial Dutch film, as the basis for the block. Pakistan, an Islamic republic, ordered its ISPs to block access to YouTube "for containing blasphemous web content/movies." The action effectively blocked YouTube access worldwide for several hours on 24 February. Defaming Muhammad under § 295-C of the Blasphemy law in Pakistan requires a death sentence. This followed increasing unrest in Pakistan by over the reprinting of the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons which depict satirical criticism of Islam. Router misconfiguration by one Pakistani ISP on 24 February 2008 effectively blocked YouTube access worldwide for several hours. On 26 February 2008, the ban was lifted after the website had removed the objectionable content from its servers at the demand of the Government of Pakistan.
On 19 and 20 May 2010, Pakistan's Telecommunication Authority PTA imposed a ban on Wikipedia, YouTube, Flickr, and Facebook in response to a competition entitled Everybody Draw Mohammed Day on Facebook, in a bid to contain "blasphemous" material. The ban imposed on Facebook was the result of a ruling by the Lahore High Court, while the ban on the other websites was imposed arbitrarily by the PTA on the grounds of "objectionable content", a different response from earlier requests, such as pages created to promote peaceful demonstrations in Pakistani cities being removed because they were "inciting violence". The sitewide ban on Facebook was lifted on 27 May 2010, after Facebook filtered content so that users in Pakistan could not access the "blasphemous" content. However, individual videos deemed offensive to Muslims that are posted on YouTube will continue to be blocked.
In September 2012, the PTA blocked the video-sharing website YouTube for not removing an anti-Islamic film made in the United States, Innocence of Muslims, which mocks Muhammed. The website would remain suspended, it was stated, until the film was removed. In a related move, the PTA announced that it had blocked about 20,000 websites due to "objectionable" content.
On 25 July 2013, the government announced that it is mulling over reopening YouTube during the second week of August. A special 12-member committee was working under the Minister of IT and Telecommunication, Anusha Rahman, to see if objectionable content can be removed. The Pakistan Telecommunications Authority, the telecom watchdog in the country, has already expressed its inability to filter out select content.
On 21 April 2014, Pakistan's Senate Standing Committee on Human Rights requested the Federal Government remove the ban on YouTube.
On 8 February 2015, the government announced that YouTube will remain blocked 'indefinitely' because no tool or solution had been found which can totally block offensive content. As of June 2015 — 1,000 days on — the ban was still in effect, and YouTube cannot be accessed from either desktop or mobile devices.
The ban was lifted due to technical glitch on 6 December 2015 according to ISPs in Pakistan. As September 2016, the ban has been lifted officially, as YouTube launched a local version for Pakistan.
On 25 November 2017, the NetBlocks internet shutdown observatory and Digital Rights Foundation identified mass-scale blocking of social media and content-sharing websites including YouTube, Twitter and Facebook throughout Pakistan imposed by the government in response to the violent Tehreek-e-Labaik protests. The technical investigation found that all major Pakistani fixed-line and mobile service providers were affected by the restrictions, which were lifted by the PTA the next day when protests abated following the resignation of Minister for Law and Justice Zahid Hamid.
In 2019, The National Assembly Standing Committee on Information Technology and Telecom was informed by the PTA that 900,000 URLs were blocked in Pakistan for "reasons such as carrying blasphemous and pornographic content and/or sentiments against the state, judiciary or the armed forces."
On 9 October 2020, TikTok was banned by the PTA for "immoral content"
On 16 April 2021, various social media applications were banned. The Ministry of Interior ordered the PTA to restrict access of Pakistani users to Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, and Telegram. It was issued to block these social media websites from 11:00 AM to 03:00 PM on Friday with an immediate effect. The reason to put a temporary ban on these social media platforms was not mentioned on the official notice. Later on, PTA explained the ban by putting forward the statement, "In order to maintain public order and safety, access to certain social media applications has been restricted temporarily." There was a severe condition in Pakistan due to Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan anti-France protests. The condition became more intense after Pakistan announced to ban Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan under Anti-Terror Law.
On Sunday 5 February 2023, Wikipedia was banned due to not removing purportedly blasphemous materials but it could still be accessed using the app. The ban was lifted on Tuesday 7 February 2023, with the PM Office stating, "Blocking the site in its entirety was not a suitable measure to restrict access to some objectionable contents and sacrilegious matter on it."
Netsweeper usage
In June 2013, the Citizen Lab interdisciplinary research laboratory uncovered that Canadian internet-filtering product Netsweeper to be in use at the national level in Pakistan. The system has categorized billions of URLs and is adding 10 million new URLs every day. The lab also confirmed that ISPs in Pakistan are using methods of DNS tampering to block websites at the behest of Pakistan Telecommunication Authority.
According to the report published by the lab, "Netsweeper technology is being implemented in Pakistan for purposes of political and social filtering, including websites of secessionist movements, sensitive religious topics, and independent media."
On 6 September 2022, YouTube was temporarily blocked coinciding with the duration of a livestream of a political protest by the PTI calling for a General Election after the ouster of Imran Khan in April.
2020 rules
In October 2020 Government of Pakistan issued new policy rules called Citizens Protection (Against Online Harm) Rules 2020 or the Removal and Blocking of Unlawful Content (Procedure, Oversight and Safeguards) under 2016 Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA).
The government of Pakistan intends to access internet user data and control and remove objectionable content. The companies would be required to remove or block any asked content from their websites within 24 hours after being reported by Pakistani authorities, social media companies or internet service providers face may be fined of up to $3.14 million (€2.57 million) for failure to curb the sharing of content deemed to be defamatory of Islam, promoting terrorism, hate speech, pornography or any content viewed as problematic to Pakistan's national security.
Rights activists complain that new rules are compromising user privacy at mercy of Pakistani establishment sans judicial oversight, likely to erode media freedom and freedom of expression further there by erode political freedoms and result in increased censorship.
Since then, dating apps like Tinder are banned in Pakistan, video sharing app named TikTok faced a temporary ban til removed content; issued notices to U.S.A. based Ahmadiyya community web portal TrueIslam.com, Google and Wikipedia for returning search results displaying Ahmadiyya community and their leadership, Mirza Masroor Ahmad, 's claims of Muslimness.
Blocked by Pakistan Telecommunication Authority
Video games ban
PUBG ban
In July 2020, PTA banned the online game PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds, Many social media activists like Waqar Zaka uploaded videos on YouTube urging Pakistanis to speak up against this ban. Millions of social media users of Pakistan have flooded sites like Facebook, Twitter and have shown overwhelming support for PUBG (PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds). In response, PTA lifted ban on the popular online game.
Pornography ban
Other notable bans
Richard Dawkins's website and the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) were blocked for brief periods in 2013.
Xbox Live and GameRanger were blocked accidentally on 7 February 2013 by the Pakistan Telecom Authority.
Major Torrenting Websites. In July 2013, Pakistani ISPs banned 6 of the top 10 public Torrent sites in Pakistan. These sites include Piratebay, Kickass torrents, Torrentz, Bitsnoop, Extra Torrent and Torrent Reactor. They also banned the similar site Mininova. However proxies for these torrent sites are still active and P2P connections are working normally. This move lead to a massive public backlash, especially from the Twitter and Facebook communities of Pakistan. In the aftermath of such critique, the IT Minister of Pakistan, Anusha Rahman, deactivated her Twitter account. Popular BitTorrent client μTorrent is also banned in Pakistan, it gives an "ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR", but with a virtual private network (VPN), the site works, users are facing this issue from few years, still facing in 2022.
Pouet, a website about demoscene was banned as of 19 June 2015.
Imgur, a website about image sharing/hosting was banned in December 2015. Reddit (NSFW content only) was also banned in 2019. No reason have been given for these bans.
An extreme form of word censorship is effective on all website's URLs. URLs containing words like sex, porn are blocked, this includes pages on medical information sites like WebMD, MedicineNet about sexual health and couples therapy. This is similar to word censorship in effect for SMS and text messages.
See also
Censorship in Pakistan
Censorship in South Asia
Constitution of Pakistan
Freedom of speech in Pakistan
Freedom of the press in Pakistan
Information technology in Pakistan
Internet in Pakistan
Pornography in Pakistan
References
External links
"Ban on the web in the national interest" (Urdu), Reba Shahid, BBC Urdu.com, 29 July 2006, (English translation)
Karachi Union of Journalists, website
Mass media in Pakistan
Law of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan
Censorship in Pakistan
Censorship
History of mass media in Pakistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20censorship%20in%20Pakistan |
Athlone–Longford was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1937 to 1948. The constituency elected 3 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) to the Dáil, on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
History
The constituency was created for the 1937 general election under the Electoral (Revision of Constituencies) Act 1935, replacing the old Longford–Westmeath constituency.
Under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1947, the constituency was abolished, and the Longford–Westmeath constituency was re-created for the 1948 general election.
Boundaries
The constituency consisted of all of County Longford and parts of counties Roscommon and Westmeath. In the 1935 Act, its boundaries were defined as:
"The administrative County of Longford,
The district electoral divisions of:
Athlone West Rural, Ballydangan, Ballynamona, Caltragh, Carnagh, Carrowreagh, Castlesampson, Cloonburren, Cloonown, Crannagh, Creagh, Culliagh, Drumlosh, Dysart, Kilcar, Kiltoom, Lecarrow, Moore, Rockhill, Taghboy, Taghma-connell, Thomastown and Turrock in the administrative County of Roscommon; and
The district electoral divisions of:
Ardnagragh, Athlone East Rural, Auburn, Carn, Castledaly, Doonis, Glassan, Killinure, Mount Temple, Moydrum, Muckanagh, Noughaval and Tubbrit and the Urban District of Athlone in the administrative County of Westmeath."
TDs
Elections
1944 general election
1943 general election
1938 general election
1937 general election
See also
Dáil constituencies
Politics of the Republic of Ireland
Historic Dáil constituencies
Elections in the Republic of Ireland
References
External links
Oireachtas Members Database
Historic constituencies in County Longford
Dáil constituencies in the Republic of Ireland (historic)
1937 establishments in Ireland
1948 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies established in 1937
Constituencies disestablished in 1948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athlone%E2%80%93Longford%20%28D%C3%A1il%20constituency%29 |
Melgaço () is a municipality in Viana do Castelo District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 9,213, in an area of 238.25 km². It is the northernmost municipality in Portugal.
The present Mayor is Manoel Batista, elected by the Socialist Party. The municipal holiday is Ascension Day.
History
Parada do Monte, Gave and the plateau of Castro Laboreiro were locations of many megalithic burial mounds and graves that suggest the presence of human settlement in the mountains of the region. Alongside is the hilltop castle, that stood firm during the Galician-Leonese battles.
Over the streams they built bridges in solid masonry, while dozens of fishing villages sprung from the banks of the River Minho, in addition to the Romanesque convents, churches and chapels, some of which are quite Romanesque. Oral tradition suggest that the castle of Melgaço was constructed during the reign of King D. Afonso Henriques, around 1170. It was this monarch that conceded to Melgaço the first forum letter, between 1183 and 1185, that was later confirmed by King D. Afonso in 1219, and replaced by a Foral (charter) issued by King D. Afonso III, in 1258. The existence of a forum letter suggests that some settlement existed on the site.
The hilltop of Melgaço, overlooking the Minho River, was strategically located enroute to Galicia, in addition to terrestrial commercial routes. In the neighbourhood were the protectorates of two great monasteries, in Fiães and Paderne. The small burg required further protection from Leonese forces, resulting in the construction of a larger structure, on a site that would later be erected the keep tower. It was during the reign of King D. Sancho II that the town began to be encircled by a defensive fortification. Its need was already evident in the reign of King D. Afonso II, during the politico-military battles that were motivated by the monarch's struggles with his sisters. Between 1211-1212, the north of Portugal was invaded by Leonese forces, justifying the construction of the wall, which was already under construction by 1245, with the help of local initiatives and the convent of Fiães.
Geography
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 13 civil parishes:
Alvaredo
Castro Laboreiro e Lamas de Mouro
Chaviães e Paços
Cousso
Cristoval
Fiães
Gave
Paderne
Parada do Monte e Cubalhão
Penso
Prado e Remoães
São Paio
Vila e Roussas
Climate
Architecture
Civic
Bridge of Cava da Velha ()
Cinema Museum of Melgaço, established by French film critic Jean-Loup Passek
Fountain of São João ()
Settlement of Laboreiro ()
Thermal Spa of Peso ()
Military
Castle of Castro Laboreiro ()
Castle of Melgaço ()
Religious
Church of the Divino Salvador de Paderne ()
Church of Santo André ()
Church of São Martinho ()
References
External links
Melgaço Photographs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melga%C3%A7o%2C%20Portugal |
Personal History is the 1997 autobiography of Washington Post publisher Katharine Graham. It won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography, and received widespread critical acclaim for its candour in dealing with her husband's mental illness and the challenges she faced in a male-dominated working environment.
Themes
The main themes of the book include:
Graham's complex and often difficult relationship with her mother;
her family's involvement with The Washington Post from 1933 onwards;
her relationship with her husband Philip Graham;
Graham and Phil's relationships with John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, especially Johnson's appointment as Kennedy's running-mate;
Philip's mental illness and eventual suicide;
Graham's evolution from a housewife to the chairman of a major publishing company;
her growing awareness of feminist issues;
the legal battle over the Pentagon Papers;
The Post’s coverage of Watergate; and
her relationship to the labor movement, first as an activist, then as a reporter, then with the strikes at the Post, most notably the 1975–1976 pressmen's strike.
References
External links
Booknotes interview with Graham on Personal History, February 16, 1997.
1997 non-fiction books
American autobiographies
Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography-winning works
The Washington Post
Works about Katharine Graham
Alfred A. Knopf books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal%20History |
Edward John Paul McGoldrick (born 30 April 1965) is an Irish football coach and former professional footballer who is currently the foundation academy manager of Premier League club Crystal Palace.
As a player he was a winger and central midfielder, who played in the Football League for Northampton Town, Crystal Palace, Manchester City and Stockport County, and in the Premier League for Arsenal. He also played non-League football for Kettering Town, Nuneaton Borough and Corby Town. McGoldrick was capped for the Republic of Ireland and played in World Cup 94.
Club career
He started out at non-league side Kettering Town, but following a transfer to Nuneaton Borough he established himself as a utility player in the early 1980s. He went on to move into the Football League with Northampton Town, where he collected a Fourth Division title medal in 1987.
McGoldrick then went on to have a spell at Crystal Palace. Whilst with Palace he played in the 1988–89 Second Division playoff final. During the game he supplied the cross which set up Ian Wright's goal which secured promotion to the First Division in Palace's 4–3 aggregate victory over Blackburn Rovers. He also won a Zenith Data Systems Cup winners medal with the club in the 1990–91 season. During that season, Palace also recorded their best-ever finish of third place within the league. He did however, miss out on the club's appearance in the 1990 FA Cup final. All in all with Crystal Palace he was capped 147 times, scoring 11 goals altogether.
McGoldrick moved to Arsenal after Crystal Palace's relegation from the Premier League in 1993. At Arsenal, he linked up with Wright once again, making his debut in the Charity Shield against Manchester United on 7 August 1993. He played a total of 38 games in the 1993–94 season, which included a substitute appearance in Arsenal's European Cup Winners' Cup final win over Parma. McGoldrick was thereafter less of a regular due to the arrival of players like Glenn Helder. He was also known for taking Arsenal's corner kicks with an unorthodox 'looping' style, by lofting the ball high into the air before it dropped in the penalty area. In all he played 57 times for Arsenal, scoring one goal; his goal coming in the 1993–94 European Cup Winners' Cup against Standard Liège.
He left Arsenal for Manchester City in the autumn of 1996. The move was initially on loan, becoming permanent on 18 October 1996 following a £300,000 transfer. McGoldrick joined the club amid a whirlwind of managerial changes. Initially signed on loan by caretaker-manager Asa Hartford (who took over from Alan Ball), his permanent move was the only signing of Steve Coppell's 32-day reign, and he played under two more managers before the end of the season. McGoldrick spent two seasons with City, but was consigned to the reserves for much of his final season at the club, a loan spell at Stockport County providing his only first-team action for 1998.
He stayed on the payroll at Manchester City until retiring as a player in 1999. He afterwards played veterans football for Great Wakering Rovers.
International career
He was capped at international level for the Republic of Ireland; he was a member of Ireland's 1994 World Cup squad though he did not play in the tournament.
Coaching career
After retiring as a player, he had short spells as manager of Corby Town in 2000 and Bashley in 2003.
Prior to becoming player-manager at Corby Town he had a brief spell as the club's commercial manager. In 2008, he was confirmed as the under-14s manager at Northampton Town. During the following year he stepped up to become manager of the club's youth team.
However, after a spell at Northampton, McGoldrick's old club Crystal Palace sought to appoint him as one of their youth team managers in 2013. However, in that year he instead established a football academy at the Northampton College, based in Northampton, Northamptonshire. Wherein the college students aged 16 – 19 years old have the opportunity of pursuing a full-time footballing scholarship along with a BTEC Sport qualification. At the start of the 2016–17 season, McGoldrick was again offered by Crystal Palace a post at the helm of the side's academy. McGoldrick went on to accept and take up the position as the manager of the club's academy.
Novelty song
Josh Widdicombe fronted 90's football podcast Quickly Kevin, Will He Score? released a song featuring McGoldrick's name being sung to a jaunty tune, a running joke on the podcast. The aim was to get to Xmas number one in 2019. However, the single failed to break the top 40.
Honours
Club
Northampton Town
Football League Fourth Division (1): 1986–87
Crystal Palace
Full Members Cup (1): 1990–91
Arsenal
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (1): 1993–94
Manchester City
Football League Second Division play-off (1): 1998–99
Individual
Player of The Year: 1991–92
See also
List of Republic of Ireland international footballers born outside the Republic of Ireland
References
External links
Crystal Palace profile
1965 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Republic of Ireland men's association footballers
Republic of Ireland men's international footballers
Republic of Ireland men's B international footballers
Kettering Town F.C. players
Nuneaton Borough F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Corby Town F.C. players
1994 FIFA World Cup players
British people of Irish descent
Premier League players
English Football League players
English football managers
Corby Town F.C. managers
Bashley F.C. managers
Northampton Town F.C. non-playing staff
Crystal Palace F.C. non-playing staff | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie%20McGoldrick |
This is a list of newspapers in Solomon Islands.
Print
Solomon Star (Honiara)
Island Sun (Honiara)
Sunday Isles (Honiara)
Online
Solomon Times Online (Honiara)
Solomonstoday.com (Honiara)
Solomon Islands Herald (Honiara)
ld (Honiara)
See also
List of newspapers
External links
Solomon Star Online website
Island Sun Online website
Sunday Isles website
Solomon Times Online website
The Solomon Islands Herald website
Solomon Islands
Newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Solomon%20Islands |
Kalgoorlie is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia.
The district includes not only the town of Kalgoorlie, but significant parts of the outback in central and eastern Western Australia.
Long a Labor stronghold, the district was lost to the Liberal Party at the 2001 state election. The new Liberal member, Matt Birney, was re-elected at the 2005 state election but the district has changed hands at every election since then.
History
The district of Kalgoorlie was first created for the 1901 state election and has continued to exist as an electorate ever since. Over its first 100 years it was always represented by the Labor Party with the exception of two interruptions between 1905 and 1911 and 1921 and 1923. For most of the time after 1923, it was a reasonably safe Labor seat.
However, it became far less safe for Labor during the 1990s amid demographic changes in the city of Kalgoorlie. Labor lost the seat in 2001 when Liberal candidate Matt Birney defeated incumbent MP Megan Anwyl at the 2001 state election. Oddly, this was also an election that brought Labor into government. Indeed, Anwyl was the only Labor MP to lose her seat at that election. However, as a measure of how the ground had shifted from under Labor, Anwyl only led Birney by eight votes on the first count, and lost when One Nation preferences flowed overwhelmingly to Birney.
Birney was re-elected at the 2005 state election with a large swing even as the Labor government was convincingly reelected. He retired at the 2008 state election. Upon Birney's retirement, the seat was won by independent candidate and former Labor MLA John Bowler, the former member for Murchison-Eyre. Bowler held the seat for one term before retiring at the 2013 state election when the seat was won by Nationals MLC Wendy Duncan.
Duncan also only held the seat for only one term before retiring ahead of the 2017 state election which allowed Kyran O'Donnell to gain the seat for the Liberal Party. This marked the second time, after the 2001 state election, that the Liberal Party won the seat at an election as it lost government. O'Donnell held the seat for only one term before being swept out by Labor's Ali Kent in 2021 amid the massive Labor wave that swept through Western Australia.
Geography
For most of its history, the seat was a relatively compact seat based on its namesake, the town of Kalgoorlie. A redistribution ahead of the 2008 state election saw a significant expansion of the seat to include remote areas to the north and north-east of the town. This was made necessary by one vote, one value electoral reform which meant that, where previously all non-metropolitan districts could have significantly lower enrolment than their metropolitan (i.e. Perth) counterparts, now the only districts permitted to contain low enrolment are those that cover vast geographical areas. So whilst most of its population is based in the town of Kalgoorlie, the district also includes remote communities such as Eucla, Laverton, Leinster, Leonora and Menzies.
Members for Kalgoorlie
Election results
References
External links
ABC election profiles: 2005 2008
WAEC district maps: current boundaries, previous distributions
Kalgoorlie
City of Kalgoorlie–Boulder | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Kalgoorlie |
Rimma Mikhailovna Zhukova (, 14 March 1925, Tyumen – 5 August 1999, Moscow) was a Soviet speed skater.
Rimma Zhukova competed for the Soviet Union and after having become Soviet Allround Champion three times and having won the prestigious Kirov prize four times, she became World Allround Champion in 1955. Zhukova was one of the Soviet women who dominated skating for almost 20 years starting in 1948. Since all three medals at every one of the twelve World Championships between 1953 and 1964 were won by Soviet women, the strongest competition Zhukova experienced came from other Soviet skaters.
Medals
An overview of medals won by Zhukova at important championships she participated in, listing the years in which she won each:
World records
Over the course of her career, Zhukova skated eight world records:
Personal records
To put these personal records in perspective, the WR column lists the official world records on the dates that Zhukova skated her personal records.
Note that Zhukova's personal record on the 1000 m was not a world record because Tamara Rylova skated 1:33.4 at the same tournament.
Zukova has an Adelskalender score of 193.050 points.
References
Rimma Zhukova at SkateResults.com
Rimma Zhukova. Deutsche Eisschnelllauf Gemeinschaft e.V. (German Skating Association).
Evert Stenlund's Adelskalender pages
Results of Soviet Championships at SpeedSkating.ru
Historical World Records. International Skating Union.
1925 births
1999 deaths
Sportspeople from Tyumen
Dynamo Sports Club sportspeople
Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Russian female speed skaters
Soviet female speed skaters
World Allround Speed Skating Championships medalists
World record setters in speed skating
Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimma%20Zhukova |
Cavan was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1921 to 1977. The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
History
From 1921 to 1923, Cavan elected 3 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs). This was increased to 4 with effect from the 1923 general election, and reduced to 3 with effect from the 1961 general election to 1977.
At the 1977 general election, the Cavan constituency was combined with Monaghan to form the new 5 seat Cavan–Monaghan constituency.
Boundaries
Throughout its existence, the constituency consisted of the entire administrative county of Cavan.
TDs
Elections
1973 general election
1969 general election
1965 general election
1961 general election
1957 general election
1954 general election
1951 general election
1948 general election
1944 general election
1943 general election
1938 general election
1937 general election
1933 general election
1932 general election
September 1927 general election
June 1927 general election
1925 by-election
Following the resignation of Cumann na nGaedheal TD Seán Milroy, a by-election was held on 11 March 1925. The seat was won by the Cumann na nGaedheal candidate John Joe O'Reilly.
1923 general election
1922 general election
1921 general election
|}
See also
Politics of the Republic of Ireland
Historic Dáil constituencies
List of Dáil by-elections
Elections in the Republic of Ireland
References
External links
Oireachtas Members Database
Historic constituencies in County Cavan
Dáil constituencies in the Republic of Ireland (historic)
1921 establishments in Ireland
1977 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies established in 1921
Constituencies disestablished in 1977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavan%20%28D%C3%A1il%20constituency%29 |
Stöcker is the name of the following personalities:
Adolf Stoecker, German theologist, antisemitic politician
Dean Stoecker, American billionaire, co-founder of Alteryx
Diana Stöcker, German politician
Helene Stöcker, German woman's lib activist and pacifist
Hermann Stöcker, German footballer
Horst Stöcker, German theoretical physicist
See also
Stocker
Stockert
Stecker (disambiguation)
Stacker (disambiguation)
German-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6cker |
John O. Stubbs is a Canadian academic. He was president of Trent University and Simon Fraser University.
Stubbs began his career as a historian and political scientist, specializing in the history of 20th century British politics and media. He distinguished himself as a teacher and administrator at the University of Waterloo, serving in various positions including associate dean of arts. Stubbs was appointed president of Trent University in 1987, a post that he held until 1993, when he was appointed for a five-year term as president of Simon Fraser University in British Columbia. His term was renewed in April 1997.
In 1997, he was forced to resign for his mishandling of a controversial sexual harassment case. Since then he has been a member of Simon Fraser's history department. In 1998, he was appointed a board member of the Canada Millennium Scholarship Foundation.
Education
B.A. in modern history, University of Toronto, 1966; M.Sc. in international history, the London School of Economics, 1967;
D.Phil., Oxford University, 1973.
Lecturer, Trent University, 1967–1969.
Professor, University of Waterloo, 1973–1986.
Visiting lecturer (1979), visiting fellow (1986), St. Catherine's (Oxford).
See also
List of University of Waterloo people
Sources
Ian Mulgrew, "President’s role in sex harassment case scars his career", Vancouver Province, 19 July 1997, B3
"U of G's Len Conolly new Trent president", Kitchener-Waterloo Record, 9 July 1993, B4
Robert Matas, "Stubbs resigns post as SFU president", The Globe and Mail, 13 December 1997, A9
Sarah Schmidt, "Scholarship fund failed, report says: Chretien legacy project", National Post, 6 November 2003, A4.
http://www.sfu.ca/history/stubbs.htm
"SFU President appointed to second five year term," SFU News, April 3, 1997, Vol 8 No 7, https://www.sfu.ca/archive-sfunews/sfnews/1997/April3/president.html
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Academic staff of Simon Fraser University
20th-century Canadian historians
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Presidents of Trent University
21st-century Canadian historians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20O.%20Stubbs |
Mangadu is a neighborhood to the west of Chennai, India. Literally meaning a mango forest, Mangadu Municipality is about 18 km from Chennai Central railway station, 14 km from Chennai International Airport and 13 km from CMBT.
Demographics
India census, Mangadu had a population of 38188. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Mangadu has an average literacy rate of 86.91%, higher than the national average of 80.6%: male literacy is 91.77%, and female literacy is 82.05%. In Mangadu, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Religion
Mangadu is famous for the majestic and famous Kamakshi Amman Temple, Mangadu. This temple group oversees the daily operations of approximate 7 temples in the locality. The famous temples of Mangadu are -
Velleswarar Temple, Mangadu
Sri Vaikunta Perumal Temple, Mangadu
Vinayagar Temple, Mangadu
Mandhi amman Temple, Mangadu
Solai Mandhi Amman Temple, Mangadu
Thorpathi Amman Temple, Mangadu
Hospitals
Government Primary Health Centre, Mangadu
Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital
Chennai Metro Rail
The proposed Chennai Metro Phase 2 Corridor 4 links Poonamallee with Light House. The proposed Kumanamchavadi and Kattupakkam metro stations will be around 2 kilometres from Mangadu Bus Terminal.
Educational Institutions
Schools
Maharishi Vidya Mandir School CBSE
Velammal Vidyalaya CBSE
RISHS International School CBSE
Mangadu Public School CBSE
Padma Subramaniam Bala Bhavan Matriculation Higher Secondary School PSBB
Nav Bharat Matriculation Higher Secondary School
National IT International Matriculation Higher Secondary School
Government Higher Secondary School
Government Primary School
Sridevi Matric School, Mangadu
Government Primary School, Pattur Mangadu
Government Muslim High School, Pattur
Government Adi Dravidar Welfare School
St. Marys Matriculation School
Little Flower Matriculation School
Atchaya School for Kids
Zee Kids School
Colleges
Sri Muthukumaran Medical College
Sri Muthukumaran Arts and Science College
Sri Muthukumaran Institute of Technology
Sri Muthukumaran College of Education
Meenakshi College of Nursing
Little Flower Polytechnic College
Nearby Areas
Centre = Mangadu
North = Poonamallee
Northeast = Kattupakkam
East = Porur
Southeast = Gerugambakkam
South = Kundrathur
Southwest = Kovur
West = Kozhumanivakkam
Northwest = Nazarathpet
References
Cities and towns in Kanchipuram district
Neighbourhoods in Chennai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangadu |
Monção () is a municipality in the district of Viana do Castelo in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 19,230, in an area of 211.31 km2.
The current Mayor is the Social Democrat António Barbosa. The municipal holiday is March 12.
Climate
Monção has a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa) with mild, rainy winters and hot dry summers, although short, the dry season is dry enough to avoid being classified has a humid subtropical climate or an oceanic climate like nearby Vigo.
Notable people
Joaquim Pereira Pimenta de Castro (1846 in Pias, Monção – 1918) an army officer and politician; 10th Count of Pimenta de Castro
José Gomes Temporão (born 1951) a Brazilian public health physician and Minister of Health of Brazil, 2007 to 2010.
Fernando Vilar (born 1954 in Lara, Monção) a Uruguayan journalist and news anchor.
Population
Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 24 civil parishes (freguesias):
Abedim
Anhões e Luzio
Barbeita
Barroças e Taias
Bela
Cambeses
Ceivães e Badim
Lara
Longos Vales
Mazedo e Cortes
Merufe
Messegães, Valadares e Sá
Monção e Troviscoso
Moreira
Pias
Pinheiros
Podame
Portela
Riba de Mouro
Sago, Lordelo e Parada
Segude
Tangil
Troporiz e Lapela
Trute
See also
Vinho Verde
Brejoeira Palace
Mercy Charitys's Church of Valadares
Longos Vales's Monastery
Castelo de Monção
References
External links
Municipality official website
Quinta de Santo Antonio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%C3%A7%C3%A3o |
At the 1920 Summer Olympics, six fencing events (all for men) were contested.
Medal summary
Participating nations
A total of 149 fencers from 13 nations competed at the Antwerp Games:
Medal table
References
Notes
1920 Summer Olympics events
1920
1920 in fencing
International fencing competitions hosted by Belgium | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing%20at%20the%201920%20Summer%20Olympics |
Rossall is a settlement in Lancashire, England and a suburb of the market town of Fleetwood. It is situated on a coastal plain called The Fylde. Blackpool Tramway runs through Rossall, with two stations: Rossall School on Broadway and Rossall Square on South strand.
Early history
Before the Norman conquest of England of 1066, the manor of Rossall was—as part of the ancient hundred of Amounderness—in the possession of Earl Tostig, the brother of King Harold II. In the Domesday Book of 1086, the manor was listed as Rushale, and in later documents as Rossall (1212) and Roshale (1228). In 1086, the area of Rossall was assessed at two carucates of land.
King John gave the estate to Dieulacres Abbey in Staffordshire in 1206. Later in the 13th century, the moiety of Little Bispham and Norbreck was added to the estate. The abbot of Dieulacres leased Rossall to George Allen, who was a relative of his. The Allens, a prominent Roman Catholic family, occupied the manor until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 16th century. Cardinal William Allen was born at Rossall in 1532. Dieulacres Abbey was dissolved in the 1530s and Rossall was sold to Thomas Fleetwood. Later, when George Allen's grandson Richard died, Thomas Fleetwood's son Edmund evicted Richard's widow and daughters, and they went to live with Richard's brother, Cardinal Allen.
Rossall Hall
In 1733, Margaret Fleetwood, heiress to the Rossall estate, married Roger Hesketh of North Meols and Tulketh Hall, bringing Rossall into the Hesketh family. The couple chose to live at Rossall and it is likely that Roger Hesketh built the hall that existed into the 20th century. Previous houses on the estate were said to have been eroded or swept away by the sea. A chart drawn for Hesketh in 1737 shows a ruined "Old Rossall" slightly north of Rossall Hall.
According to John Martin Robinson in A Guide to the Country Houses of the North West, the 18th century hall was a "great rambling whitewashed house", with irregular wings. By the 19th century, it had five family bedrooms, nursery rooms, a drawing room, dining room, libraries and an organ room, as well as servant accommodation and service rooms. The grounds included a workshop, four stables, a shippon, a coach house, an ice house and a gazebo.
By the 1830s, the house and estate was in the ownership of Edmund's descendant Peter Hesketh, High Sheriff of the County of Lancashire and MP for Preston, who later changed his name to (Sir) Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood. By 1844, Hesketh had run into serious financial difficulties. He had engaged Frederick Kemp as his agent and the two had considerable financial differences of opinion. Kemp borrowed against the estate revenues to finance the expansion of Fleetwood, and Hesketh became over-leveraged. He was obliged to sell much of the estate, together with Rossall Hall itself. The Hall was taken over by Rev. St. Vincent Beechey and converted into a Church of England boarding school, designed as a Northern equivalent of Beechey's Marlborough College and later to become Rossall School.
Geography and administration
Rossall is located in the south-west of Fleetwood along the coast with Thornton-Cleveleys to the south. Rossall is in the Lancaster and Fleetwood constituency. Rossall ward is one of five local council wards in Fleetwood. An electoral ward in the same name exists. This ward stretches north to include part of Fleetwood with a total population taken at the 2011 census of 6,381.
Rossall School
Rossall School is the most prominent school in Fleetwood., The school is a co-educational, independent, day and boarding school catering to ages 5 to 18. It was founded in 1844 on the site of Rossall Hall by Rev. St Vincent Beechey.
Notable people
Cardinal William Allen - born 1532 and died on 16 October 1594. He was an English Roman Catholic priest and cardinal.
Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood - founder of the town of Fleetwood, and lived at Rossall Hall.
See also List of Old Rossallians
See also
Cleveleys
Thornton, Lancashire
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
Geography of the Borough of Wyre
Fleetwood | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossall |
Mount Murud or Muru () is a sandstone mountain located in Limbang Division, Sarawak, Malaysia At 2,424 m (7,946 ft), it is the highest mountain in Sarawak.
Geography
Mount Murud at the elevation of 2,424 m, is the highest mountain in Sarawak, located at the boundary between Miri and Limbang Division, in the Kelabit Highlands. It is a white-yellowish sandstone mountain, formed during the Miocene Epoch, extends for 4 km long, running in the ENE-WSW direction. Mount Murud has two highest points, with one point higher than the other by only 15 m.
History
According to a local legend, there was once a penghulu (headman) named Baya Kalong who stayed near the present-day Mount Murud area. He had a beautiful daughter named Kelawing. Kelawing was later married to another young penghulu named Tingang who came from another longhouse. However, Tingang's younger brother named Lawi became jealous of his brother and beheaded Kelawing while the couple was walking upstairs into longhouse. Tingang became angry and tried to kill his brother. Then, their father's sound came from heaven who condemn them for breaking their promise of not fighting each other. After that, a severe thunderstorm came and buried Tingang's longhouse with all its inhabitants with stones raining from the sky. The piles of stones later formed Mount Murud.
The first attempt to climb Mount Murud was made in 1914 by John Coney Moulton, curator of Sarawak State Museum but failed due to food shortage and killings of their native guides due to a Dayak Lun Bawang invasion. He made a second attempt to climb the mountain in 1920 but failed again. The first successful ascent of Mount Murud was by a Swedish zoologist who was also a curator of Sarawak State Museum, Eric Mjöberg in October 1922. He spent six days at the summit of the mountain and collected various animal and plant species. His collections were documented by various authors in the third volume of Sarawak Museum Journal in 1928. Following this, his footsteps were followed by other botanical collectors in the 1960s and 1990s. During Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, a Gurkha post was built at the summit. In the 1980s, a man from Ba'kelalan named Agung Bangau saw a vision to build a church there. A church was later built at a plateau on the mountain and the first prayer meeting was held in July 1985, attended by 600 people from the nearby villages of Ba'kelalan and Bario. Today, a village is built around the church completed with public amenities; receiving visitors around the world. It is regarded as a sacred mountain where smoking and alcoholic drinks are prohibited. Prayer meetings are held every two years by the Mount Murud Prayer Ministry. In 1995, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) organised an expedition to Mount Murud. During the expedition, a species of Vanilla orchid named Vanilla kinabaluensis, Rafflesia pricei, and slipper orchid Paphiopedilum were discovered. A total of 70 samples were collected by the UNIMAS expedition team.
Biodiversity
The UNIMAS expedition team defined the animal and plant species collected from 1,500 m to 1,800 m range above sea level as species originating from the Mount Murud; because specimens collected below this level can originate from the mountain surroundings. Mjöberg noted in 1925 that nine species of birds that were previously known as originated from Mount Kinabalu are also found at Mount Murud. This is supported by another evidence that 77% of Pteridophyte and 75% of orchids are common in both mountains. However, despite the close proximity of Mount Murud with Mount Mulu (65 km WSW of Mount Murud), both mountains have different summit flora. As of 1995, a total of 35 pteridophytes, 7 gymnosperms, 96 monocotyledons, and 207 dicotyledons were listed as summit flora of Mount Murud. The tropical pitcher plant species Nepenthes murudensis is named after the mountain and is thought to be endemic to its summit area. Also Murud black slender toad Ansonia vidua is only known from this mountain.
References
Murud
Murud
Borneo montane rain forests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Murud |
The Cottle Church was an Anglican Church on the island of Nevis. It was built at the request of Thomas Cottle, a Nevisian lawyer, by the people he had enslaved. Ground was broken in 1822 and the church was finally finished in 1824, after a severe economic depression.
The Cottle Church was opened to the public on May 5, 1824, and it was the first church on the island of Nevis which welcomed anyone to come and worship, including enslaved people.
The first Reverend of the Cottle Church was Rev. Daniel Davis. After Thomas Cottle's death in 1828, the church fell into disuse. It was then rebuilt by Governor Sir Graham Briggs in the late 19th century, but because of the population decline on the island, the Cottle Church again fell into ruins at the turn of the 20th century. Today it is now being preserved and can be seen by the public.
Further reading
Hubbard, Vincent K. 2002. "Swords, Ships & Sugar". Premiere Editions International, Inc. . A complete history of Nevis. pp.156-157
Churches completed in 1824
19th-century Anglican church buildings in the Caribbean
Religious organizations established in 1824
Churches in Saint Kitts and Nevis
Buildings and structures in Nevis
1824 establishments in the British Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottle%20Church |
Colter may refer to:
Colter Butte, a summit in the Grand Canyon
Colter's Hell, a thermal area at the mouth of the Shoshone's canyon in Wyoming
Colter Peak, a mountain peak in Yellowstone National Park
People
Colter Bean (born 1977), American baseball pitcher
Fred Colter (1879–1944), Arizona politician
Jessi Colter (born 1943), American country music singer
John Colter (1774–1813), American trapper
Mary Colter (1869–1958), American architect
Mike Colter (born 1976), American actor
Zeb Colter (born 1949), ring name of American professional wrestler Wayne Keown
See also
Coulter (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colter |
Samian may refer to:
Something or someone from the Greek island of Samos
Samian Sibyl
Pythagoras of Samos, or Pythagoras the Samian
Something or someone from another of the locations known as Samos
Samian ware, a term used by archaeologists for Roman terra sigillata pottery produced in Gaul
Samian, a band that Green Day drummer Tré Cool formerly played in
Samian (rapper), a Canadian hip hop musician
Samian, Iran, a village in Ardabil Province
See also
Samiam, a punk rock band | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samian |
Thiruverkadu (; literally 'a forest of holy herbs and roots') is a Western suburb of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It comes under Thiruvallur district administration. It is famous for its Devi Karumariamman Temple. There is also Vedapureeswarar Temple in Thiruverkadu, where Lord Shiva and Goddess Parvathi are seen in their wedding pose inside the sanctum sanctorum. As of 2011, the town had a population of 62,289. It is a town with rich cultural heritage and also a fast-growing areas in the city.
Thiruverkadu Selection Grade Municipal town in Thiruvallur District is Located at a very close proximity to Chennai mega city. This town possesses the appearance and Character similar to many of the town in Tamil Nadu which bears the seal of Religion. The famous temple in this town is devoted to Lord Sri Devi Karumariamman Temple and Lord Siva Temple. This Temple on each new moon day attract a large number of people from all around. It is the nucleus for the development of this town and present development pattern has emerged from a small village at the beginning of 50 years. Thiruverkadu town was constituted as a Municipality from 2004 onwards, Thiruverkadu is functioning as a grade III Municipality with 28.50 Sq.Km in extent.
This town consists of four revenue villages namely Thiruverkadu, Numbal, Sundarasozhapuram, Veeraragavapuram, Ayanambakkam, Perumalagaram and Koladi. The town is divided into 18 wards. Thiruverkadu town is located at a distance of 16 km west of Chennai City. This lies on Chennai-Bangalore National Highway Road and Chennai Thirupathi Trunk road. It is situated 13 9” North latitude and 79 55” E longitude. The present extent of this town is 10.75 Sq.km.
Demographics
According to 2011 census, Tiruverkadu had a population of 62,824 with a sex-ratio of 977 females for every 1,000 males, much above the national average of 929. A total of 7,189 were under the age of six, constituting 3,617 males and 3,572 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 22.86% and 0.37% of the population respectively. The average literacy of the town was 74.35%, compared to the national average of 72.99%. The town had a total of 15,863 households. There were a total of 25,245 workers, comprising 138 cultivators, 210 main agricultural labourers, 628 in house hold industries, 21,770 other workers, 2,499 marginal workers, 57 marginal cultivators, 81 marginal agricultural labourers, 156 marginal workers in household industries and 2,205 other marginal workers. As per the religious census of 2011, Tiruverkadu (M + OG) had 93.17% Hindus, 1.36% Muslims, 4.98% Christians, 0.04% Sikhs, 0.05% Buddhists, 0.04% Jains, 0.33% following other religions and 0.03% following no religion or did not indicate any religious preference.
Location
The town is located 2 km from Chennai-Bangalore highway NH4 and 1.5 km from Avadi - Poonamalle road SH55. The town is 10 km from Chennai Metropolitan Bus Terminus CMBT. Nearby towns include Porur, Kattupakkam, Iyyapantangal, Kumananchavadi, Karayanchavadi, Poonamalle, Paruthipattu, Ayapakkam, Ambattur, Vaangaram and Maduravoyal.
Administration
Thiruverkadu is governed by Municipality of Thiruverkadu, coming under the Thiruvallur district. Thiruverkadu is selection grade Municipality. Thiruverkadu Municipality includes area of Thiruverkadu, Koladi, Ayanambakkam, Velapanchavadi, Veeraraghavapuram, and Noombal. Thiruverkadu Municipality is situated in the West Chennai of Tamil Nadu in Thiruvallur District. This town is surrounded with infrastructural facilities and it is near to visit Chennai Metropolitan Bus Terminal. The town's police comes directly under Chennai Metropolitan Police departments(Now comes under Avadi).
RTO: Thiruverkadu comes under RTO-Poonamallee (TN-12). Previously it was under Tiruvallur RTO (TN20).
Transport
Bus
Thiruverkadu is easily accessible from most parts of the city by bus. The Thiruverkadu bus terminus provides services to T.Nagar, Tambaram, Vadapalani, Iyapantangal, Ambattur Industrial Estate, Villivakkam, Perambur, Vallalar Nagar, Thiruvotriyur, Broadway, Anna square, Mangadu, Velachery, Avadi.
Via Thiruverkadu
Educational institutions
Schools
Government higher secondary schools
Government primary schools
The Pupil Saveetha Eco School
RMK CBSE School
Sri Annai Vidhyashram Matric Higher Secondary School
Ramakrishna Vidya Niketan higher secondary school
S.K.D.J higher secondary school
Saraswathi matriculation higher secondary school
Maharishi School of Excellence Senior Secondary
Janet Matriculation school
Colleges
S.A Engineering College
S.A Polytechnic College
Mahalakshmi College Of Arts and Science
Sindhi College Of Arts and Science
Shenbaga Nursing College
Gayathri General Hospital And College
ACS Medical College and Hospital
Saveetha Dental University
Saveetha law college
Temples
There are Two big temples and many small temples are located in Thiruverkadu. The main temples are Sri Devi Karumariamman Temple which is located at the center of Thiruverkadu and very near from Thiruverkadu Bus stand.
Sri Vedapureeswarar Temple is another big temple where Lord Shiva is the main god which located one kilometer from Thiruverkadu Bus stand (near cooum river bank).
Hospitals
Rotary club clinic, sannathi street
Gayathri hospital, Mgr nagar
Abhishek hospital
Government primary health centre, veeraraghavapuram
Saveetha Dental University, Velappanchavadi
ACS Medical College and Hospital, Velappanchavadi
Dr Mehtha's hospital, Velappanchavadi
Aravind eye hospital
References
Neighbourhoods in Chennai
Hindu temples in Chennai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiruverkadu |
Cork City was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1977 to 1981. The constituency elected 5 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) to the Dáil, on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
History and boundaries
The constituency was created under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1974. It was only used for the 1977 general election and a by-election in 1979. The constituency was defined as the county borough of Cork, except the part which was in the Cork Mid constituency. The wards in Cork Mid were Bishopstown E, Gillabbey B, Gillabbey C, Glasheen A, Glasheen B, Glasheen C, Pouladuff A, Pouladuff B, The Lough, Togher A, Togher B.
It was abolished under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1980 and replaced at the 1981 general election by Cork North-Central and Cork South-Central.
TDs
Elections
1979 by-election
Following the death of Labour Party TD Patrick Kerrigan, a by-election was held on 7 November 1979. The seat was won by the Fine Gael candidate Liam Burke.
1977 general election
See also
Politics of the Republic of Ireland
Historic Dáil constituencies
Elections in the Republic of Ireland
References
External links
Oireachtas Members Database
Dáil constituencies in the Republic of Ireland (historic)
Historic constituencies in County Cork
Politics of Cork (city)
1977 establishments in Ireland
1981 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies established in 1977
Constituencies disestablished in 1981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork%20City%20%28D%C3%A1il%20constituency%29 |
Muhammad Yusuf ibn Suleman ibn Qasim Motala (25 November 1946 – 8 September 2019) was a British Indian Sunni Muslim scholar, founder of Darul Uloom Bury and one of the disciples of Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi.
Early life and education
Yusuf Motala was born in Nani Naroli in Gujarat, British India, on 25 November 1946. He graduated from Mazahir Uloom, where he studied under Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi and Muhammad Yunus Jaunpuri.
Career
Upon the instruction of Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi, Maulana Yusuf Motala established Darul Uloom Al-Arabiyyah Al-Islamiyyah in Holcombe, Bury, Lancashire, in 1973. He subsequently established several other educational institutes. He was included in the 2019 list of "The 500 Most Influential Muslims," published annually by the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre.
Death
He died in Toronto, Canada on 8 September 2019 following a heart attack.
Literary works
Motala's works are:
Aḍwā' al-Bayān fī Tarjamatul Qurʼān (Urdu translation of the Quran).
' Aimma Araba aur Sufia Kiram (Urdu)''
Juz' ʿAmma Tafsīr in Arabic (with Urdu and English Tarjumma)
Arabic Khutbahs
Hadyah-e-Haramain (Salaatus-Salaam Compilations - Arabic-Urdu)
Buzurgon ke Wisal Ke Ahwaal (Urdu)
Fitno se Hifazat ke liye Masnoon Duaaei (Urdu)
Shaykh al-Ḥadīth, Ḥaḍrat Mawlānā Muḥammad Zakariyya saheb raḥmatullahe alayhe Aur Unke Khulafa Ikraam- Part 2 and Part 3 (Urdu)
Inayat Naame (Urdu)
Itaat-e-Rasool ﷺ (Urdu)
Jamale Mohammadi ﷺ Jable Noor Pur (Urdu)
Jamale Mohammadi ﷺ darse Bukhari ke Aaine mei - Vol 1 & 2 Combined (Urdu)
Jamale Muhammadi ﷺ ki Jalwa Gahen - Vols 1 and 2 (Urdu)
Jāmiʿ al-Siyar (Urdu)
Karamat Wa Kamalat-e-Awliya - Volumes 1 and 2 (Urdu)
Majmua e Darood o Salaam (Urdu)
Mashaa'ikh Ahmadabad Volumes 1 and 2 (Urdu)
Mere Bhai Jaan (Urdu)
Muhabbat Naamay Volumes 1 and 2 (Urdu)
Sham-o-Hind ke Awliya' ʿIzam (Urdu)
English translations of Shaykh Yusuf Motala's works are:
Final Moments of the Pious (English Translation)
Ḥaḍrat Shaykh and I (English)
Miṣbāḥ al-Ẓalām fi al-Ṣalāt wa al-Salām ʿalā khayr al-Anām, compiled by Imām Nūr al-Dīn Al-Shūni (RA), emphasised by Ḥaḍrat Mawlānā Yūsuf Motālā ṣaheb (Englis /Arabic)
99 Names of Allah (Asmaaul-Husnaa) and 99 Attributes/Appellations of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ
The Need for Simple Weddings (English)
References
1946 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
British Muslims
Indian Muslims
Indian emigrants to England
Mazahir Uloom alumni
Islamic scholars in the United Kingdom
Disciples of Zakariyya Kandhlawi
People from Surat district | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf%20Motala |
Bernkastel-Kues is a Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district Bernkastel-Wittlich, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. The seat of the Verbandsgemeinde is in Bernkastel-Kues. The Verbandsgemeinde lies on both banks of the river Moselle, between Trier and Koblenz. The entire Verbandsgemeinde is 249 square kilometers large and has 27000 inhabitants.
The Verbandsgemeinde Bernkastel-Kues consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
Bernkastel-Kues, Town
Brauneberg
Burgen
Erden
Gornhausen
Graach an der Mosel
Hochscheid
Kesten
Kleinich
Kommen
Lieser
Lösnich
Longkamp
Maring-Noviand
Minheim
Monzelfeld
Mülheim
Neumagen-Dhron
Piesport
Ürzig
Veldenz
Wintrich
Zeltingen-Rachtig
External links
bernkastel-kues.de
Bernkastel-Kues | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernkastel-Kues%20%28Verbandsgemeinde%29 |
The Kelabit Highlands are a mountain range located in the northernmost part of Sarawak, Malaysia in the Miri Division. It hosts the Bario village. The highest mountains in this range are Mount Murud at , Bukit Batu Buli at , and Bukit Batu Lawi at . The current population of the Kelabit people is about 6,800.
Maligan Highlands, another highland nearby located within the Limbang Division, hosts the Ba'kelalan village.
Geography
The rocks of the Kelabit Highlands comprise mudstones, sandstones, and limestones ranging in age from the Oligocene to Miocene periods. In terms of plate tectonics, the region was a basin formed by warping at a subduction zone where the continental crust was forced upwards. The estimated rate of uplift is 20 mm per century for the last two million years. Bario showed a lowering in temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).
Villages
Bario
The area hosts 13 villages. Seven of these are in the Bario area while the others are around the outskirts of the plateau. 'Bario Asal' as the original longhouse within the plateau and Ulung Palang, Arur Dalan, Pa'Ramapoh Atas and Pa'Ramapoh Bawah, Pa' Derung, Padang Pasir and Kampung Baru are resettled villages in 1960s. To the east side are Pa'Umor, Pa'Ukat and Pa'Lungan and to the south are Long Dano, Pa'Dallih and Remudu. The other two villages are Long Lellang and Long Seridan.
Economy
In 2011, Ceria Group, a Malaysian agricultural company introduced mechanised farming of rice in the region.
References
External links
Mountain ranges of Malaysia
Landforms of Sarawak
Highlands
Borneo montane rain forests | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelabit%20Highlands |
Captain John Davis (born 1784 in Surrey, England) was an English-born American sailor and seal hunter from Connecticut, United States. It is thought that he may have been the first person to set foot on Antarctica, on 7 February 1821, shortly after the first sightings of the new continent, all in 1820, by Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev (28 January), Edward Bransfield (30 January), and Nathaniel Palmer (November).
Antarctic claim
Some of Davis' crew from the American sealing ship Cecilia may have landed at Hughes Bay (64°01'S), near the northernmost tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, for less than an hour while looking for seals. The ship's logbook entry reads:
These men made the earliest recorded claim of having set foot on the newly discovered continent of Antarctica.
The first undisputed landing on Antarctica did not occur for another 74 years, on 24 January 1895, when a group of men from the Norwegian ship Antarctic went ashore to collect geological specimens at Cape Adare. The group included the Norwegians Henrik Johan Bull and Carsten Borchgrevink and the New Zealander Alexander von Tunzelmann.
Legacy
The strip of coast on the Antarctic Peninsula where the men are alleged to have gone ashore is now called the Davis Coast.
See also
List of Antarctic expeditions
References
1784 births
American explorers
American hunters
British hunters
English explorers
Explorers of Antarctica
People from Connecticut
People from Surrey
Sealers
Year of death unknown
Davis Coast
British emigrants to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Davis%20%28sealer%29 |
Kimberley is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia, located in the state's far north and named after the Kimberley region. The electorate has one of the highest Aboriginal enrolments of any seat in the Parliament.
The seat has been held by the Labor Party since 1980—inclusive of one term under a Labor independent (1996–2001), but has become increasingly marginal in recent years. It saw an extremely close and almost unprecedented four-way race at the 2013 state election, with relatively small primary vote margins separating the Labor, Liberal, National and Green candidates in a result that was not known for several days. However, Labor candidate Josie Farrer was able to hold the seat for Labor, winning the seat on Green preferences. In the 2021 state election Divina D'Anna retained the seat for Labor.
History
First created for the 1904 state election, the district was a combination of two former seats: East Kimberley and West Kimberley. Its first member, Francis Connor, was one of four independents who opted to support the Labor Party's minority government under Premier Henry Daglish. The government fell a year later, and a conservative member won the seat. It was then held for 19 years by non-Labor parties until a split in the Country Party saw Labor gain the seat at the 1924 state election. Labor held the seat continuously for 44 years until losing it to the Liberal Party at the 1968 state election.
The seat became the focus of controversy at the 1977 state election. A significant turnover in voters had occurred, with 1,750 voters including many Aboriginal people being entitled to vote for the first time. The Labor Party endorsed Ernie Bridge, an Aboriginal businessman and president of the Shire of Halls Creek, against the sitting member, Liberal Minister for Lands Alan Ridge. Ridge won the vote but it was successfully challenged in the Court of Disputed Returns on 7 November due to claims of irregular treatment of Aboriginal voters at polling stations and various other concerns, and a by-election was called for 17 December 1977. However, Ridge won the vote on a decreased voter turnout and an increased majority.
At the 1980 state election, Ernie Bridge won the seat. In 1986, Bridge became a minister in the Labor government—the first Aboriginal cabinet minister in any Australian government. In 1996, Bridge resigned from the Labor Party and was re-elected at the 1996 state election as an independent before retiring at the 2001 state election. His successor was Carol Martin, the first Aboriginal woman elected to an Australian parliament.
Three out of five of the Indigenous Australians that have entered the Western Australian parliament have originated from this seat.
Geography
Named for the Kimberley region, the electorate is the state's northernmost. The district has a long coastline, being bounded by the Indian Ocean to its north and west. To the east, it is bounded by the Northern Territory border, whilst its southern boundaries are those of local government areas. The district includes four local government areas: Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley, Shire of Broome, Shire of Derby-West Kimberley, Shire of Halls Creek, all of them in their entirety. Its major population centres include Broome, Derby, Fitzroy Crossing, Halls Creek, Kununurra and Wyndham. It also includes the eastern parts of the Shire of East Pilbara, to the east of the Canning Stock Route.
Members for Kimberley
Election results
References
External links
ABC election profiles: 2005 2008
WAEC district maps: current boundaries, previous distributions
Kimberley
1904 establishments in Australia
Electoral district
Constituencies established in 1904 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Kimberley |
Vadapalani is a neighbourhood in the city of Chennai in Tamil Nadu, India. It is known for its film studios and the Vadapalani Andavar Temple, which is an important pilgrimage centre. Situated in the western part of Chennai, Vadapalani is an important bus terminus on Arcot Road. Vadapalani is one of the busiest and densely populated areas in Chennai.
Malls
The Forum Vijaya Mall, the biggest mall in the neighbourhood, is located on Arcot Road. The mall comprises a total of 14,72,000 sq.ft of floor space including 6 levels of retail space and 13 levels of parking space.
Film industry
Along with Kodambakkam, Vadapalani is well known for its film studios and other cine infrastructure. The Vijaya Vauhini Studios, Vikram Studios are located in the neighbourhood, whereas the Prasad Colour Lab and Prasad Studios, Efx Studios, and AVM Studio are in the adjacent Saligramam area. The residence of several actors are located in Vadapalani.
Schools
Saraswati Vidyalaya, established in 1956, is one of the oldest schools. JRK School developed by Kandhuvati Shanthakumari, a resident, JRM, Karthikeyan Matriculation, Vadapalani Senior Secondary School are some of the important schools in Vadapalani. Ramalinga Mission Middle School, which is established in 1952, is situated in Gangappa Street and is the oldest school in the area.
There are several schools located in the nearby areas such as Velankanni Matric Higher Secondary School and Kendra Vidyalaya in Ashok Nagar, Avichi Higher Secondary School in Virugambakkam, General Cariappa Higher Secondary School and Child Fruit Matriculation School and Ramalinga Mission Middle School (Tamil Medium) (established in 1952) at Gangappa Street in Saligramam. Many children from Vadapalani do their schooling in these neighbouring areas.
Colleges and universities
SRM Institute of Science and Technology has established one of its campus at Vadapalani in 2009. Apollo Medskills is located in West Sivan Koil Street, offering diploma courses in paramedics courses.
Hospitals
Vadapalani is known for its health care infrastructure, with several major hospitals having their facility in the neighbourhood. SRM Institute of Medical Science (SIMS), Vijaya Hospital, Vijaya Health Centre, Sooriya Hospital, Rajiv Scans, Akash Institute of fertility & Research, Vasan Eyecare, Best Hospital, Vadapalani Multi-Speciality Hospital, Medall healthcare private limited (Precision Diagnostics), and P&G Nursing Home are prominent medical centres located in Vadapalani. Fortis Malar is also coming up in the locality.
Theaters
Kamala Cinemas and AVM Rajeshwari are well-known theaters in Vadapalani. The Forum Mall has the Palazzo Theater. SSR Pangajam and INOX National(Fame National) are situated Saligramam and Virugambakkam areas.
Neighbourhood newspapers
Arcot Road Talk
Vadapalani Talk
Vadapalani Jobs
References
Location in context
Neighbourhoods in Chennai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadapalani |
The Mount Laurel doctrine is a significant judicial doctrine of the New Jersey State Constitution. The doctrine requires that municipalities use their zoning powers in an affirmative manner to provide a realistic opportunity for the production of housing affordable to low- and moderate-income households.
The doctrine takes its name from the lead case in which it was first pronounced by the New Jersey Supreme Court in 1975: Southern Burlington County N.A.A.C.P. v. Mount Laurel Township (commonly called Mount Laurel I), in which the plaintiffs challenged the zoning ordinance of Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey, on the grounds that it operated to exclude low and moderate income persons from obtaining housing in the municipality.
History
Initial development
Ethel Lawrence, a sixth-generation resident of Mt. Laurel Township, was the lead plaintiff in the original Mt. Laurel case after officials in Mt. Laurel Township declared their intention of condemning and tearing down the low-income housing in her community. With no realistic alternative other than moving to the slums of Camden or Philadelphia, many residents grew increasingly concerned about the rising pressure to leave. Lawrence contacted Carl S. Bisgaier, director of Camden Regional Legal Services who, together with attorneys Kenneth E. Meiser, Thomas J. Oravetz and Peter J. O'Connor, filed the lawsuit commonly known as Mt. Laurel I. After the decision in Mount Laurel I, suits were filed against numerous municipalities. The plaintiffs in such suits fell into three classes: lower income persons who actually sought housing and advocacy organizations on their behalf; the New Jersey Public Advocate; and builders who sought to construct developments containing affordable housing.
These early exclusionary zoning suits were beset by numerous difficulties and little, if any, affordable housing resulted. In 1983 appeals in several of these cases (of which Southern Burlington County N.A.A.C.P. v. Mount Laurel Township was again the lead case), gave the New Jersey Supreme Court the opportunity to reaffirm and tweak the Mount Laurel Doctrine and provide several mechanisms and remedies to make the doctrine more effective.
1980s legislative reaction
The New Jersey Supreme Court was aware that the Mount Laurel II decision would be controversial and would engender debate about the proper role of the courts. The opinion invited legislative action to implement what the court defined as the constitutional obligation.
In 1985 the New Jersey Legislature responded by passing the Fair Housing Act. Accepting the premise that there was some constitutional obligation for municipalities to foster some degree of affordable housing, this legislation created an administrative agency, the Council on Affordable Housing (COAH), to establish regulations whereby the obligation of each municipality in terms of the number of units and how the obligation could be satisfied.
A municipality which elected to participate in COAH's administrative process prior to being sued was provided with protection from litigation and especially the builder's remedy. As a transitional provision, the act provided that municipalities involved in litigation when the act was passed were to be able to transfer the litigation to COAH unless manifest injustice would result.
COAH developed regulations under which the specific number of affordable units that each municipality would be required to provide (its "pre-credited need") could be determined. Participating municipalities developed compliance plans to address this need by such means as the application of credits (e.g. filtering, spontaneous rehabilitation, extra credit for rental units), the use of regional contribution agreements (transferring part of the obligation to a willing municipality, usually an urban center, in the same region along with payment in an amount agreed by the municipalities) and zoning for affordable housing (usually involving increased density and mandatory set-asides). When COAH approved a municipality's compliance plan it would grant "substantive certification" which was designed to provide the municipality with protection from exclusionary zoning litigation.
From the municipal point of view, the advantages of COAH's administrative process included the use of a formula to calculate fair share that might produce a lower obligation than the court would impose, the availability of the regional contribution agreement to reduce the number of units and the ability to determine where in the municipality that affordable housing ought to be developed rather than being forced to permit a development as a reward to a successful builder-plaintiff. Those municipalities that chose not to participate in COAH's administrative process remained vulnerable to exclusionary zoning lawsuits and the prospect of the builder's remedy. The disadvantage would be that a participating municipality might be required to zone some land in a manner that extra housing would be produced. Some municipalities, believing that the likelihood of facing an actual exclusionary zoning lawsuit was low enough, took their chances in not participating.
Criticism of the decision
While the Mount Laurel decision mandates a state constitutional obligation for every municipality in a "growth area" to provide a fair share of its region's present and prospective housing needs for low and moderate income families, there is no funding source specified for low or very-low income families, in a state that already has some of the nation's highest property taxes. Some have accused the decision for being an example of judicial activism.
1980s judicial response to the Fair Housing Act
The New Jersey Supreme Court welcomed the legislature's adoption of the Fair Housing Act. A number of trial court decisions had denied transfer of pending cases to COAH under the manifest injustice standard, but the Supreme Court read that term very narrowly and ordered the cases transferred. The trial courts were directed to conform their rulings with regard to calculation of each municipality's obligation and how to meet it to COAH's regulations and the statute was found facially constitutional and interpreted to grant COAH ample authority, such as restraining the use of scarce resources (sewer capacity, potable water, land) for other than providing affordable housing, to assure that affordable housing might actually be built.
The Council on Affordable Housing (COAH)
COAH is a currently defunct government agency created in the 1980s to administer Mt. Laurel requirements. Some have argued it needs reinvigoration.
The Fair Share Housing Center
The Fair Share Housing Center, or FSHC, is a Cherry Hill-based nonprofit organization founded in 1975 that litigates against towns in enforcement of fair housing development.
Builder's remedy lawsuits
A "builder's remedy lawsuit" is a New Jersey lawsuit filed by a real estate developer in an attempt to force a New Jersey town to allow the construction of a large, multi-family housing complex that includes some affordable housing alongside ordinary apartments
Usually, the developer's court papers will make specific mention of the Mt. Laurel doctrine, which holds municipalities responsible for providing affordable housing to low and moderate income households. Some have argued that developers exploit the Mount Laurel doctrine with the builder's remedy and prevent town efforts to combat overdevelopment and sprawl. Some recent "builder's remedy" lawsuits or related concerns include:
Annandale.
Bridgewater.
Cranford. The developers Samuel and Peter Hekemian sued the Township of Cranford to allow a mass-density development. One Cranford local opined that the builder's remedy "takes the power from our township engineers, public safety officials, board of education members and budget offices and gives it to the S. Hekemian Group, a Paramus-based builder of apartment complexes. And there is nothing anyone can do about it. It is a court order based on what they refer to as builder remedy litigation. Apparently, progress is only found in concrete."
Emerson. Local officials expressed concerns over impact of Mount Laurel on development of a 19-acre patch of woods that town officials have been trying to turn into a park.
Livingston. Despite the efforts of the Livingston-Short Hills Coalition, affiliates of the Kushner Companies filed an affordable housing suit to build developments in the town.
Millburn. Residents of Millburn, New Jersey objected to a proposed land development by Canoe Brook, which would create a 250-room hotel, 200 residential units and a multi-deck parking structure adjacent to the Mall at Short Hills.
Montvale. The S. Hekemian Group filed to intervene in Montvale's affordable-housing litigation to build 1,000 units, arguing the borough "is in violation of its constitutional duty to create sufficient realistic opportunities" for affordable housing. In June 2017, Mayor Mike Ghassali stated, "Now we are on a path to spend untold amounts of time, money and borough resources to defend our town from a monstrous development that would change our community forever" regarding the lawsuit.
New Milford. Despite objections from a community group, "Stop Overdevelopment New Milford", the developer S.Hekemian Group (SHG), led by Robert S. Hekemian and Peter Hekemian, brought a Mount Laurel builder's remedy suit against New Milford, New Jersey. "I certainly do feel I have a gun to my head" said New Milford's mayor, Ann Subrizi at the close of 2016. The township ultimately settled, causing development of one of the last undeveloped tracts of land in the area.
West Orange. The Fair Share Housing Center, and Garden Homes, an affiliate of the Wilf family, owners of the Minnesota Vikings, have brought legal action to create more affordable housing units in West Orange, New Jersey.
Regional Contribution Agreements (RCAs)
In 1985, the Fair Housing Act created the now-repealed Regional Contribution Agreement system. The RCAs meant that towns could pay to get out of up to half of their affordable housing obligation by funding affordable housing elsewhere as required by the New Jersey Supreme Court's Mt. Laurel decision.
In 2008, at the behest of the Fair Share Housing Center's Peter O' Connor and over the objections of some suburban Democrats, Governor Corzine signed a law barring RCAs. A500. He signed A-500 into law during a ceremony at Fair Share Housing Development's Ethel R. Lawrence Homes. Some have demanded that RCAs be returned to cut down on sprawl.
Environmental concerns
In 1983, the NJ Supreme Court cautioned that, in requiring affordable housing, our State Constitution "does not require bad planning. It does not require suburban spread. It does not require rural municipalities to encourage large scale housing developments. It does not require wasteful extension of roads and needless construction of sewer and water facilities for the out-migration of people from the cities and the suburbs. There is nothing in our Constitution that says that we cannot satisfy our constitutional obligation to provide lower income housing and, at the same time, plan the future of the state intelligently."
One Parsippany resident stated, "I'm very frustrated that this significant tract of undeveloped land is being razed for development when so much property in Parsippany lies vacant," said Dave Kaplan, of the Stop the Overdevelopment at Waterview opposition group.
Sierra Club
The New Jersey chapter of the Sierra Club applauded Christie's efforts to reform affordable housing law in 2010:
The current COAH law has had a bigger impact on land use and development than any other law in New Jersey's history. The Sierra Club strongly supports a requirement for affordable housing. As towns grow, they must provide a fair share of it. But the need for affordable housing should not undermine the environmental protections given to wetlands, flood plains, steep slopes, stream buffers that protect water supplies, ocean-fronts, and endangered species habitat. And no homes should be built where water supply is at critically low levels. Furthermore, new housing should be located where jobs are, to reduce the carbon footprints and pollution associated with automobile commuting.
Present-day demands for legislative reform
Some believe the NJ Supreme Court seeks legislative action to implement the Mount Laurel doctrine based on recent rulings, as of mid-2017:
January 2017 NJ Supreme Court decision
In January 2017, the NJ Supreme Court issued a ruling stating that towns had to consider any historic failure to provide affordable housing. As one commentator put it,
This case resolved affordable housing regulation debates that have been ongoing since 1999. However, the Court provided no guidance on the method of implementation of affordable housing accommodations that it now requires of municipalities. This decision leaves numerous unanswered questions and it will depend heavily on the Legislature to issue reform of affordable housing requirements. This decision requires implementation of affordable housing accommodations into township plans that have not otherwise considered them since 1999. It is likely that the open spaces in towns will now be filled with affordable housing units, which will bring an influx of population to municipalities. ... We will need to watch the Legislature to see how and if it will alter the current affordable housing regulations to comply with the Court's recent ruling.
In its January 2017 opinion, the NJ Supreme Court welcomed the legislature to re-approach the affordable housing issue: "We recognize, as we have before, that the Legislature is not foreclosed from considering alternative methods for calculating and assigning a municipal fair share of affordable housing, and to that end, we welcome legislative attention to this important social and economic constitutional matter," Justice LaVecchia wrote.
Legislator criticism
A Morris County Freeholder candidate, Harding Committeeman Nicolas Platt, proposed in May 2017 that all mayors state-wide conduct a sit-in in Trenton and refuse to leave the statehouse until legislators acted to reduce the overdevelopment impact of the builder's remedy issue.
Bergen and Passaic County Assemblywoman Holly Schepisi argued in a July 2017 opinion piece that reform was urgently needed: "If built, the number of new homes alone would far exceed all the homes in the entire borough of Manhattan," she stated, calling the issue one of overdevelopment "madness."
In the summer of 2017, Schepisi held the first of several planned public hearing in Paramus with various civic leaders on mandated affordable housing with local mayors and other state assembly members.
"It is long past time for the Legislature to act, and block [the nonprofit group Fair Share Housing Center] from their objective of destroying our suburban communities," said one mayor at the hearing according to the press. "We really need action. Nobody has done what they need to do."
Schepisi stated she invited the Fair Share Housing Center to attend but received a letter declining an appearance.
In Somerset County, Montgomery Township Mayor Ed Trzaska said the influx of apartment complex development would ruin the rural character of the area, "overwhelm the township's infrastructure, greatly increase property taxes and burden the school system and negatively impact the quality of life in the township."
In Union County, in the summer of 2017, the Clark town council issued a unanimous resolution demanding for the state legislature to take action to reform the affordable housing issue; the mayor stated that otherwise, "Union County will look like Queens in 25 years."
In Berkeley Heights in Union County in June 2017, council president Marc Faecher said he considered the legislature's failure to act on overdevelopment to be an "abject failure by our state government."
Public criticism
In June 2018, NJ 101.5 radio host Bill Spadea advocated for a constitutional amendment to revoke the doctrine, arguing the imposition of unnecessary development increased tax burdens unfairly.
Regional town partnership approaches
In the summer of 2017, the mayors of five Bergen County towns announced they were "teaming up to take a regional perspective on affordable housing, in an effort to find reasonable solutions that will protect the integrity of their communities."
Case Study: Chatham, NJ
As of October 2019, no affordable housing units are listed as available in Chatham Township, NJ. In Morris County as a whole, between 2010 and 2014, there were only 39 units of affordable housing for every 100 renters classified as having extremely low income (ELI). This is a 6% decrease in the number of units since 2000. The suburban town has acquired COAH-certified credits associated with previous iterations of the third round of affordable housing, which reduced the town's affordable housing obligation (16). To address the current lack of affordable housing, Chatham Township is in the process of building the third round of affordable housing units in compliance with the Mount Laurel Doctrine. Sterling Sun Homes Developers will be constructing 25 affordable housing on the 3.6-acre site of the current skate park on Southern Boulevard.
Objections:
The Chatham Township community has raised several objections to the new affordable housing units consistent historical and regional objections to the Mount Laurel Doctrine. Many citizens have raised concerns about the impact fees that will be imposed on the residents to help fund the new affordable housing units. A Chatham Township resident, speaking at the Township Committee meeting on September 12, 2019, suggested this “punitive fee...can… be passed and simply not implemented”. This suggestion mirrors the open refusal to comply with the Mount Laurel Doctrine I, which requires the municipality to provide housing for people of multiple income brackets, which was common between 1975 and 1981. The Mount Laurel Doctrine requires municipalities to add fair share housing via municipal zoning. Aside from the monetary cost, residents have raised concerns about the loss of open space and trees. This development will require the removal of 18 trees on the skate park property and is slated to exceed the allowed building height in the township by 2.98 feet. The conflict over open space is one that is occurring in many municipalities, such as those in the "Builder’s remedy lawsuit cases". A group of teens raised concerns about the loss of the community's skate park, for which there are no current plans to rebuild. As this area is suburban, a resident said “I’m not averse to affordable housing in itself,” but he is “averse to is an expanded population” as the town is characterized by low-density housing. Another resident noted that the location of the development is in a high traffic area near the elementary school, and the new residents will lead to reduced parking and pedestrian safety. Concerns about the changing suburban form come up frequently in "legislator outcry" in connection to concerns that New Jersey suburban communities will begin to look like cities.
New Jersey mayors have traditionally opposed affordable housing. The stance of town leadership on fair land use policies is unclear as the public has been excluded from many of these discussions surrounding inclusionary inclusionary zoning via the Open Public Records Act (N.J.S.A 10:4-12 ) are taking place in executive session, rather than the public session.
Vacant and abandoned properties
Some have argued that the deluge of abandoned and vacant properties in New Jersey should be taken into account before forced building occurs in less crowded areas. They have also suggested that the state step up funding for code enforcement to reduce burdens of urban blight on attractive home development, including enforcement on absentee landlords. The City of Newark is "working with the Urban League to identify vacant or abandoned properties that can be sold to small developers to then sell at cost to residents. About 16 percent of Newark's housing is vacant and the city has a high eviction and foreclosure rate according to a Rutgers report.
See also
Abbott district, a similarly controversial legal doctrine resulting from a series of New Jersey Supreme Court cases holding that the education of children in poor communities was unconstitutionally inadequate.
Frederick Wilson Hall, who wrote the initial decision
Latino Action Network v. New Jersey, a lawsuit filed in 2018 to desegregate the public schools.
References
External links
Rutgers School of Law-Newark's Mount Laurel Archive
McHose Says 'Fair Housing' Bill Misses the Mark; Doesn't Address Why Housing is Unaffordable in New Jersey | Politics NJ
What We Know About Mortgage Lending Discrimination in America
Affordable housing
New Jersey law
Mount Laurel, New Jersey
Zoning in the United States
Real property law in the United States
Supreme Court of New Jersey
Legal doctrines and principles
Law articles needing an infobox | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Laurel%20doctrine |
Cork Mid (or Mid Cork) may refer to one of two parliamentary constituencies in County Cork, in the South of Ireland
Mid Cork (UK Parliament constituency), a single-seat constituency used for the election to the United Kingdom Parliament in 1918, but whose MP took his seat instead as TD in the first Dáil Éireann
Cork Mid (Dáil constituency), a 4-seat (later 5-seat) constituency represented in Dáil Éireann 1961–1981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork%20Mid |
Below is a list of newspapers in Algeria.
Arabic language
Ech-Chaab الشعب
Echorouk - الشروق
El Ayem El Djazairia - الأيام الجزائرية
El Hayat - الحياة
El Khabar - الخبر
El Massa - المساء
El Moudjahid - المجاهد
Ennahar - النهار
French language
Algérie Actualité
L'Algérie Libre
Alger Républicain
El Acil
El Watan
La Cité
L'Expression
Le Matin
Le Quotidien d'Oran
Le Soir d'Algérie
Liberté (Algeria)
English language
The Algiers Herald (online only)
Algerian Gazette (online only)
See also
Media of Algeria
List of radio stations in Africa: Algeria
Television in Algeria
Internet in Algeria
References
Bibliography
External links
The North Africa Journal -جريدة شمال إفريقيا, official website.
Algerian Newspapers and News Sites List of Algerian newspapers and online news sites in English.
Newspapers In Algeria, website.
Algeria
Lists of mass media in Algeria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Algeria |
Daniel Gateward Davis (1788–1857) was an abolitionist and the inaugural Bishop of Antigua from 1842 until his death.
Early life
Daniel Davis was born in 1788, the youngest of six children of William and Anne Davis of St Kitts. His father was a planter.
Davis began studies at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1808. There he became an abolitionist and a friend of William Wilberforce.
Ministry
Davis returned to the Leeward Islands and worked strongly, but quietly, for abolition in St. Kitts and Nevis. He later became a minister at St. Paul's Anglican Church in Nevis, and in 1824, became the first minister at the newly built Cottle Church.
He found that St Kitts and Nevis were playing a part on behalf of the abolitionists out of all proportion to their size and importance. This was due to two prominent residents of St Kitts, James Ramsay (who had introduced William Wilberforce to the abolition movement) and James Stephen, a lawyer. Both these men were so outspoken in their abhorrence of slavery that after much persecution from other members of the plantocracy they were forced to leave the island; but not before they had been able over a long period to send detailed accounts of the ill treatment of slaves in the two islands to Wilberforce and other abolitionists fighting for the cause in England. Events in these two small islands became very influential in determining the final victory for abolition.
By 1812 when he was ordained Davis was in two minds whether to take up the rectorship he had been offered of St. Paul’s, Charlestown. He wished to see his family again but this feeling was dampened by the idea of returning to a land of slaves. But he came back, and stayed. In a letter to an abolitionist friend he wrote, “it will be my great objective to encourage the extensive propagation of our religion among the negroes, as well as to improve the impression which has already been made on the white inhabitants. It ought indeed to be considered disgraceful to the policy of any society, that the space of nearly three centuries should have expired since one people or other, professing civilization and Christianity, have made but feeble efforts, or rather no efforts, for the extension of their blessings among the laborious and ignorant”.
But it was not to be an easy ministry. He found that neither planters nor their field slaves were much interested in his invitations to come for worship and instruction. It was not until 1818 that, under the pressure of the ameliorative policies of the British government, local political circles were forced to accept that attitudes had changed back in Britain. With the help of the vigorous leadership in the church of Beilby Porteus, the Bishop of London, Davis was slowly able to make progress. By 1822 there were Sunday schools in every parish in Nevis. Slaves on enlightened plantations were allowed markets on days other than Sundays that had otherwise prevented them from attending church. But above all Davis had begun to win the support of a growing number of planters to the cause of conversion. Towards the end of 1821 Thomas Cottle, a former President of the Island Council and a prominent planter, came forward with a proposal to build this church.
In 1824 two Bishops (known for their opposition to slavery) were appointed for the newly created Sees of Jamaica (Bishop Lipscomb) and Barbados with the Leeward Islands (Bishop Coleridge). This was a signal to the local plantocracy that the British government was now fully committed to the policy of improving the condition of slaves in its colonies and was conscious that full freedom could not be very long delayed.
By the time Davis left the island for St Kitts 19 schools with an aggregate attendance of 1,247 slave pupils had been established; and just before his departure he founded, along with those who supported his views, a branch society of the Society for the Conversion of Slaves. The most active promoters of the new society’s first meeting were Thomas Cottle and Norton Herbert, the nephew of Frances, Lady Nelson.
Davis remained in St Kitts until 1838 and later became the first Bishop of Antigua. On 24 August 1842, Davis was consecrated a bishop at Westminster Abbey. Fierce to the end in attacking racial prejudice from whatever quarter it appeared, Davis died in London, aged 70, in 1857.
References
Hubbard, Vincent K. 2002. "Swords, Ships & Sugar". Premiere Editions International, Inc. , p. 156. A complete history of Nevis.
G P J Walker, “The Life of Daniel Gateward Davis – First Bishop of Antigua”
1788 births
Alumni of Pembroke College, Oxford
19th-century Anglican bishops in the Caribbean
Anglican bishops of Antigua
1857 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Davis%20%28bishop%29 |
Brian Marwood (born 5 February 1960) is an English former footballer who made more than 400 appearances in the Football League and was capped once for England. He is City Football Group's Managing Director of Global Football.
Club career
Hull City
Born 5 February 1960 in Seaham, County Durham, Marwood started his career at Hull City, joining in 1976 as an apprentice and making his way up through the youth and reserve ranks. A pacy and tricky winger, he made his debut aged 19 in a Third Division match against Mansfield Town on 12 January 1980. He spent five seasons with the Tigers, during which time they were relegated to the Fourth Division and then promoted back to the third. After 1983–84, in which Hull City reached the Associate Members' Cup Final and narrowly missed out on promotion to the Second Division, Marwood attracted the interest of Sheffield Wednesday. In all he played 191 times for Hull and scored 53 goals.
Sheffield Wednesday
In June 1984 Marwood was signed by Sheffield Wednesday for £115,000.
The newly promoted Owls had a strong return to the top-flight under the guiding hand of manager Howard Wilkinson. In four seasons Marwood was a first team fixture. In 1985–86 the Owls finished 5th in the First Division and reached the FA Cup semi-finals. Marwood was joint top goalscorer in the League with centre forward Lee Chapman. Despite Wednesday's form tailing off after that, Marwood still shone in the side and after 128 appearances and 27 goals, he moved on.
Arsenal
Marwood was signed by Arsenal for £600,000 in March 1988, as manager George Graham was searching for a more dependable alternative to the erratic and injury prone Martin Hayes. He made his Arsenal debut against Oxford United on 30 March 1988. His first goal for the Gunners was a penalty in a 1–1 draw against Coventry City at Highbury 2 May 1988.
Marwood's impact at Arsenal was nearly immediate; his crosses supplied striker Alan Smith with goals throughout the 1988–89 season, in which Arsenal won the First Division title for the first time since 1971. Smith himself credits Marwood as being the most prolific supplier of assists while he was at Arsenal. He scored in each of Arsenals first four games in the winning season. He was also a reliable penalty taker and very accurate from corners and other dead ball situations. During this time, Marwood firmly established himself as the club's first choice left winger. Injury forced Marwood to miss the last five matches of the season, which included Arsenal's title-winning match against Liverpool at Anfield. Nevertheless, he still took away a league winners medal with 31 appearances that season. However, with the ban on English clubs in Europe still in place, Marwood was unable to play in the European Cup.
Injury restricted Marwood's chances in the 1989–90 season, and he only managed nineteen matches his final season at Arsenal. After Arsenal signed Swedish international winger Anders Limpar in the summer of 1990, Marwood was no longer an automatic first choice, in all he played 60 matches for Arsenal, scoring 17 goals. His last goal for the Gunners came at Maine Road against Manchester City 10 March 1990.
Sheffield United
He was sold to Sheffield United for £350,000 in September 1990.
In three seasons at United, Marwood only managed 22 appearances, and was loaned to Middlesbrough before making a permanent move to Swindon Town midway through 1992–93; Marwood played eleven times as Swindon won promotion to the Premier League, but was released by the club that summer.
Barnet
He finished his career at Barnet where he spent one season, playing 23 games as Barnet were relegated from Division Two.
International career
Marwood's performances for Arsenal earned him an England cap, in a friendly match against Saudi Arabia in Riyadh on 16 November 1988. As a 28-year-old he came on as a late substitution, replacing Michael Thomas, under manager Bobby Robson.
Professional Footballers' Association
Marwood was chairman of the Professional Footballers' Association between 1990 and 1993.
Career after retirement
Since retirement, Marwood has written his autobiography, The Life of Brian (), and became a commentator on Radio 5 Live, Sky Sports and STAR Sports. He worked as UK sports marketing manager for Nike from 1997 to 2009.
Manchester City
He joined Manchester City with the title of football administrator in 2009, being an ex-colleague of former executive chairman, Garry Cook, at Nike.
Family
His son James was a former player at Newcastle United, St Mirren, Forest Green Rovers and Gateshead United. He currently coaches at Middlesbrough FC academy
Footnotes
References
1960 births
Arsenal F.C. players
Barnet F.C. players
England men's international footballers
English men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Hull City A.F.C. players
Living people
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C. players
Footballers from Seaham
Manchester City F.C. directors and chairmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Marwood |
Mid-Continent University was a four-year, liberal arts Christian institution located near Mayfield, Kentucky, United States. It had been experiencing financial troubles and was placed on "warning status" by its regional accreditor the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in late 2013. On April 15, 2014, university officials reported that Interim President Ken Winters stepped down for family reasons April 12, and that former President Robert Imhoff and his wife Jackie Imhoff, the vice president of adult services, who had stepped down from their positions in February but were still receiving a salary, were fired. Robert Thomas "Tom" Walden was named to replace Winters. On April 16, it was announced that the university did not have enough money to pay staff, and would close at the end of June. On October 6, 2014, it was announced that Mid-Continent University had filed for bankruptcy.
History
The university opened as the West Kentucky Baptist Institution in January 1949 in Clinton, Kentucky. In 1957, the university moved to Mayfield and changed its name to Bible Baptist Institute. In June 1965, the board of trustees changed the name of the school to Mid-Continent Baptist Bible College. In 1972, the Harris family of Graves County donated approximately 100 acres to the college and construction began on this campus. By 1992, LaVerne Butler, then-president of the university facilitated the school's accreditation. He retired in 1997. On May 20, 1993, the board of trustees changed the name to Mid-Continent College, and after organizing into two separate colleges, changed the name to Mid-Continent University.
In December 2013, the school's accreditation warning by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools was extended for a second year. This in turn triggered the denial of Federal financial aid from the United States Department of Education and put the school in financial difficulty.
On April 16, 2014, all remaining employees were laid off although plans were for the school to remain open and staffed with volunteers until after graduation. Every class with at least one student graduating in May was covered by volunteers.
On April 18, 2014, Western Kentucky University developed a special offer to accept all credits and waive application fees as well as other special incentives to ease the transition for Mid-Continent students. On April 19, Midway College made a similar announcement. Shortly afterwards, the school announced teach-out agreements with Murray State University, University of the Cumberlands and Campbellsville University.
Academics
The university offered three bachelor's degrees: (Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, and bachelor of ministry) and two associate's degrees: (associate of arts and associate of science).
On April 15, 2014, Mid-Continent's board of directors voted to cease operations and instruction, effective June 30, 2014. All faculty and staff were dismissed, with the exception of a few faculty members that agreed to volunteer their services without pay until the end of the semester, in order to accommodate graduating seniors.
Athletics
The Mid-Continent athletic teams were called the Cougars. The university was a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the American Midwest Conference (AMC) during the 2013–14 academic year. They were also a member of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA), primarily competing as an independent in the Mid-East Region of the Division I level. The Cougars previously competed in the TranSouth Athletic Conference (TranSouth or TSAC) from 2006–07 to 2012–13; and in the Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Conference (KIAC; now currently known as the River States Conference (RSC) since the 2016–17 school year) from 2000–01 to 2005–06.
Mid-Continent competed in seven intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports included baseball, basketball and soccer; while women's sports included basketball, softball and volleyball; and co-ed sports included spirit squad.
References
External links
Official athletics website
Liberal arts colleges in Kentucky
Universities and colleges established in 1949
Educational institutions disestablished in 2014
Universities and colleges affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Education in Graves County, Kentucky
Buildings and structures in Graves County, Kentucky
1949 establishments in Kentucky
2014 disestablishments in Kentucky
Defunct private universities and colleges in Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Continent%20University |
James Donell "Scoonie" Penn (born January 9, 1977) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is an assistant coach for the Memphis Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was a point guard during his playing career that was spent primarily in Europe. Although Penn was selected in the 2000 NBA Draft by the Atlanta Hawks with the 57th overall pick, he never played a single game in the NBA, joining 7 other players from his draft class that never played in the league.
High school
Penn played high school basketball at Salem High School in Salem, Massachusetts. He led the team to a state championship in 1995.
College career
After high school, Penn played college basketball at Boston College, before transferring to Ohio State University, where he teamed up to form a dominant back court with the future Milwaukee Bucks' shooting guard Michael Redd.
Professional career
After college, Penn left the United States to play in Europe. He made his big splash with the Adriatic League club Crvena zvezda (Red Star Belgrade). He had a great 2002–03 season with Crvena zvezda. The fans loved him. He was the leader of the team, and that was the best season in his career.
Penn left Red Star the following season, and played in the 2005–06 season for Cibona Zagreb. In the 2006–07 season, he was a member of the Greek League club Olympiacos. He then moved to the Turkish Super League club Efes Pilsen, for the 2007–08 season, followed by the Ukrainian Super League club Kyiv, in the 2008–09 season.
At the beginning of the 2009–10 season, Penn made the move to the Italian League, to play with Virtus Bologna. On New Years Day, 2010, it was announced by Greek powerhouse Olympiacos, that Penn would return to the club, to replace Von Wafer, who had been released, due to his inability to adapt to the European game. In October 2010, he signed with Prima Veroli, which was playing in the Italian Second Division at the time.
National team career
As a member of Team USA, Penn won a gold medal at the 1999 Palma Summer Universiade.
Coaching career
After Penn retired from playing professional basketball, he became the director of player development for the Ohio State basketball program. On August 5, 2019, he accepted a position working as an assistant coach with the NBA's Memphis Grizzlies.
Awards and accomplishments
College:
1995–96 Big East Conference Rookie of the Year, First Team All-Big East Conference member.
1996–97 First Team All-Big East Conference. Big East Conference tournament championship winner (MVP).
1998–99 Big Ten Conference Co-Player of the Year.
1998–99 Led Ohio State to the NCAA Final Four.
1999–00 Frances Pomeroy Naismith Award, as the nation's top senior under 6'0" (1.83 m) tall.
Selected Third Team All-America, and First Team All-Big Ten Conference, in both his junior season and senior season. Ended his career at Ohio State University, as the college's all-time leader in three-point field goals made.
References
External links
Euroleague.net Profile
FIBA Europe Profile
Italian League Profile
Interview with Scoonie Penn from September 2003
NBDL stats
1977 births
Living people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
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Clan Menzies (IPA: /ˈmɪŋɪs/ - ); ; a member is a Mèinnearach) is a Highland Scottish clan.
History
Origins of the Clan
Mesnières in Normandy was the original home of the Norman family who were found in England by the name of Manners and who were the ancestors of the Dukes of Rutland in England. Sir Robert de Myneris appeared in the court of Alexander II of Scotland where he received royal patronage, rising to become a chamberlain in 1249. Sir Robert received grants for lands in Glen Lyon and Atholl. These grants were further reinforced by a grant to his son Alexander of Strathtay in 1296. Alexander also acquired the lands of Weem and married Egida, a daughter of James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland. The Clan Motto originates from the Battle of Teba (1330), at which Chief Lord Robert the Menzies first uttered the phrase in response to a call to action by Sir James Douglas, and the Clan Crest originates from that battle as well.
Wars of Scottish Independence
Alexander's son, another Sir Robert, was a companion-in-arms of Robert the Bruce, and was awarded lands in Glen Dochart, Finlarig, Glen Orchy and Durisdeer.
15th and 16th centuries
Another Sir Robert Menzies, who was the eighth chief, built Weem Castle, near the current Castle Menzies, in about 1488. The castle was plundered in 1502 by Stewart of Garth in a dispute over the lands of Fothergill. Janet Menzies had married a Stewart about a century earlier, and Garth claimed the lands as part of her tocher, or dowry. Menzies appealed to the Crown, and James IV of Scotland found in his favour. The king ordered Stewart to make restitution, and erected the Menzies lands into the free barony of Menzies in 1510. In 1540 James Menzies of Menzies married Barbara Stewart, daughter of John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Atholl and cousin to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, who was the future king.
17th century and civil war
During the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, despite having royal links and links to the Stewarts, the Clan Menzies opposed Charles I and as a result Menzies was harried by James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose. Montrose sent a messenger to Menzies seeking his support, but for whatever reason the messenger was wounded. Montrose retaliated and in the skirmishing the Menzies chief was fatally wounded. His son was a Major in the Covenanter army and was killed at the Battle of Inverlochy. Menzies families in the north, independent from the chiefs in Perthshire, fought on the side of Montrose. Sir Gilbert Menzies of Pitfolds was with Montrose throughout his campaign and was also at the Battle of Inverlochy when his chief's son was killed.
In 1665 Sir Alexander Menzies was created a Baronet of Nova Scotia. Alexander's brother was Colonel James Menzies of Culdares, who claimed to have survived no fewer than nine serious wounds. James is the ancestor of the present chiefs. Another of Alexander's brothers was killed at the Battle of Worcester in 1651.
The chiefs of Clan Menzies opposed the policies of James VII of Scotland (II of England). When James was forced from his throne in 1688, the Menzies chiefs supported Mary II of England and Prince William of Orange. However, the clan was again divided as Major Duncan Menzies of Fornock led his men in the Highland charge at the Battle of Killiecrankie in which they defeated Government troops. Amongst the Government troops at Killiecrankie were hundreds of their Perthshire kinsmen, who had formed and Independent Highland Company. The Menzies Independent Company later fought at the Battle of Cromdale in 1690, where the Jacobites were defeated.
18th century and Jacobite risings
The chiefs of Clan Menzies did not support the Jacobite rising of 1745; however, the Jacobite leader, Charles Edward Stewart stayed for two nights in the castle.
Then four days later it was occupied by British-Hanoverian forces, led by the Duke of Cumberland.
During the Jacobite rising of 1715 Menzies of Culdares supported the Jacobite cause. He was captured and exiled to Maryland in America. He later returned to Scotland but in the Jacobite rising of 1745 he was beyond active campaigning; however, he sent Prince Charles Edward Stuart a fine horse. The clan was out in force under Menzies of Shian who was killed along with his son during the campaign. The Menzies lands of Glen Lyon provided shelter for refugees from the Battle of Culloden, including members of Prince Charles's personal staff.
Clan Chief
The current chief of Clan Menzies is Robert Steuart Menzies of Menzies (born 1965).
Castles
Castles that have been owned by the Clan Menzies have included, amongst many others:
Comrie Castle, four and a half miles west of Aberfeldy in Perthshire, is a ruinous L-plan tower house that was built and held by the Menzies family. The castle was burned in 1487 and the clan moved to Weem, which is now known as Castle Menzies. However, Comrie was used by branches of the clan until about 1715.
Castle Menzies, originally known as the Palace of Weem, near Aberfeldy, Perthshire, is an extended Z-plan tower house. The original Palace of Weem was built after 1487 but was sacked fifteen years later by Neil Stewart of Garth. The castle was occupied by Oliver Cromwell's forces in the 1650s. The chiefs of Clan Menzies did not support the Jacobite rising of 1745 and the Jacobite leader, Charles Edward Stewart, stayed for two nights in the castle. However, four days later it was occupied by British-Hanoverian forces led by the Duke of Cumberland. During World War II the castle was used as a Polish Army medical supplies depot. It later became derelict but was acquired in 1957 by the Menzies Clan Society, who have set about having it restored.
Meggernie Castle, eight miles north of Killin, Perthshire, was originally held by the Clan Campbell but passed to the Menzies of Culdares branch of the clan, who supported the Jacobite cause. There is a story that the castle is haunted by the ghost of the wife of one of Menzies lairds who cut her in half in a jealous rage. He managed to bury her lower half, but not her upper half, which was concealed in an upper chamber of the castle. As such it is said that the upper floors of the castle are haunted by the apparition of the upper half of her body and the lower floors and burial ground by the apparition of the lower part of her body.
Pitfodels Castle, was to the south-west of Aberdeen, but little remains of the castle; it was replaced by Norwood Hall. The castle was originally held by the Reids but passed by marriage to the Menzies family in the sixteenth century. The Menzies family also held Pitfodel's Lodging, a house in Aberdeen that has also been demolished. Pitfodels Castle had been abandoned in about 1622. The Menzies of Pitfodels branch of the clan were also Jacobites and the family founded the Catholic College of Blairs.
Culdares, near Fortingall, Perthshire, is the site of a castle or old house that was the seat of the Menzies of Culdares branch of the clan.
Tartans
References
Bibliography
Simpson, Peter. (1996). The Independent Highland Companies, 1603 - 1760. .
External links
http://www.themingusproject.com/
http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/m/menzies.html
Scottish clans
Scoto-Norman clans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan%20Menzies |
The Scottish National Antarctic Expedition (SNAE), 1902–1904, was organised and led by William Speirs Bruce, a natural scientist and former medical student from the University of Edinburgh. Although overshadowed in terms of prestige by Robert Falcon Scott's concurrent Discovery Expedition, the SNAE completed a full programme of exploration and scientific work. Its achievements included the establishment of a staffed meteorological station, the first in Antarctic territory, and the discovery of new land to the east of the Weddell Sea. Its large collection of biological and geological specimens, together with those from Bruce's earlier travels, led to the establishment of the Scottish Oceanographical Laboratory in 1906.
Bruce had spent most of the 1890s engaged on expeditions to the Antarctic and Arctic regions, and by 1899 was Britain's most experienced polar scientist. In March of that year, he applied to join the Discovery Expedition; however, his proposal to extend that expedition's field of work into the Weddell Sea quadrant, using a second ship, was dismissed as "mischievous rivalry" by Royal Geographical Society (RGS) president Sir Clements Markham. Bruce reacted by obtaining independent finance; his venture was supported and promoted by the Royal Scottish Geographical Society.
The expedition has been described as "by far the most cost-effective and carefully planned scientific expedition of the Heroic Age." Despite this, Bruce received no formal honour or recognition from the British Government, and the expedition's members were denied the prestigious Polar Medal despite vigorous lobbying. After the SNAE, Bruce led no more Antarctic expeditions, although he made regular Arctic trips. His focus on serious scientific exploration was out of fashion with his times, and his achievements, unlike those of the polar adventurers Scott, Shackleton and Amundsen, soon faded from public awareness. The SNAE's permanent memorial is the Orcadas weather station, which was set up in 1903 as "Omond House" on Laurie Island, South Orkneys, and has been in continuous operation ever since.
Background to the expedition
During his student yearsthe 1880s and early 1890sWilliam Speirs Bruce built up his knowledge of the natural sciences and oceanography, by studying at summer courses under distinguished tutors such as Patrick Geddes and John Arthur Thomson. He also spent time working voluntarily under the oceanographer Dr John Murray, helping to classify specimens collected during the Challenger expedition. In 1892 Bruce gave up his medical studies altogether, and embarked on a voyage to the Antarctic in the whaler Balaena, as part of the 1892–1893 Dundee Whaling Expedition. On his return, he began organising an expedition of his own to South Georgia, claiming that "the taste I have had has made me ravenous", but he could not obtain funding. He then worked at a meteorological station on the summit of Ben Nevis, before joining the Jackson–Harmsworth Arctic Expedition to Franz Josef Land as a scientific assistant. Between 1897 and 1899 he made further Arctic trips, to Spitsbergen and to Novaya Zemlya, first on a private trip organised by Major Andrew Coats, later as a scientist on the Arctic survey vessel Princess Alice. This vessel was owned by Prince Albert of Monaco, a renowned oceanographer who became a friend and supporter of Bruce.
After returning from the Arctic in 1899, Bruce sent a lengthy letter to the Royal Geographical Society in London, applying for a scientific post on the major Antarctic expedition (later to be known as the Discovery Expedition), which the RGS was then organising. His recent experiences made it "unlikely that there was any other person in the British Isles at that time better qualified". Bruce's letter, which detailed all his relevant qualifications, was acknowledged but not properly answered until more than a year had passed. By then, Bruce's ideas had progressed away from his original expectation of a junior post on the scientific staff. He now proposed a second ship for the expedition, separately financed from Scottish sources, which would work in the Weddell Sea quadrant while the main ship was based in the Ross Sea. This proposal was denounced by RGS president Sir Clements Markham as "mischievous" and, after some heated correspondence, Bruce resolved to proceed independently. In this way the idea of a distinctive Scottish National Antarctic expedition was born. Bruce was supported by the wealthy Coats family, who were prepared to give whole-hearted financial backing to a Scottish expedition under his leadership. However, as a result, he had acquired the lasting enmity of Markham.
Preparations
Scotia
In late 1901, Bruce purchased a Norwegian whaler, , at a cost of £2,620 (approximately £ as of ). During the following months, the ship was completely rebuilt as an Antarctic research vessel, with two laboratories, a darkroom, and extensive specialist equipment. Two huge revolving cylinders, each carrying of cable, were fitted to the deck to enable deep-sea trawling for marine specimens. Other equipment was installed for making depth soundings, for the collection of sea water and sea-bottom samples, and for meteorological and magnetic observations. The hull was reinforced to withstand the pressures of Antarctic ice, and the ship was re-rigged as a barque with auxiliary engines. This work increased the cost of the ship to £16,700 (approximately £ as of ), which was met by the Coats family who altogether donated £30,000 towards the total expedition costs of £36,000. Renamed Scotia, the ship was ready for her sea trials in August 1902.
Personnel
The expedition's scientific staff consisted of six persons, including Bruce. The zoologist was David Wilton who, like Bruce, had been a member of the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition. He had acquired skiing and sledging skills during several years living in northern Russia. Robert Rudmose-Brown, of University College, Dundee, and formerly an assistant in the Botany Department at the British Museum, was the party's botanist. Dr James Harvie Pirie, who had worked in the Challenger office under John Murray, was geologist, bacteriologist, and the expedition's medical officer. Robert Mossman directed meteorological and magnetic work, and Alastair Ross, a medical student, was taxidermist.
Bruce appointed Thomas Robertson as Scotia'''s captain. Robertson was an experienced Antarctic and Arctic sailor who had commanded the whaling ship Active on the Dundee Whaling Expedition. The rest of the 25 officers and men, who signed for three-year engagements, were all Scotsmen, many used to sailing in icy waters on whaling voyages.
Objectives
The objectives of the expedition were published in the Scottish Geographical Magazine and in the RGS Geographical Journal, in October 1902. They included the establishment of a winter station "as near to the South Pole as is practicable", deep sea and other research of the Antarctic Ocean, and systematic observations and research of meteorology, geology, biology, topography and terrestrial physics. The essentially Scottish character of the expedition was expressed in The Scotsman shortly before departure: "The leader and all the scientific and nautical members of the expedition are Scots; the funds have been collected for the most part on this side of the Border; it is a product of voluntary effort, and unlike the expedition which will be simultaneously employed in the exploration of the Antarctic, it owes nothing to Government help".
As the work of the expedition would be mainly at sea, or within the confines of the winter station, only a few dogs were taken, to facilitate the occasional sledge journey. Rudmose Brown records that of the original eight dogs, four survived the expedition; they "pulled well in harness, their only weak point being their paws which... were apt to be cut when on rough ice".
Expedition
First voyage, 1902–1903 Scotia left Troon, Scotland, on 2 November 1902. On her way southward she called at the Irish port of Kingstown (now Dún Laoghaire), at Funchal in Madeira, and then the Cape Verde Isles before an unsuccessful attempt was made to land at the tiny, isolated equatorial archipelago known as St Paul's Rocks. This attempt almost cost the life of the expedition's geologist and medical officer, James Harvie Pirie, who was fortunate to escape from the shark-infested seas after misjudging his leap ashore. Scotia reached Port Stanley in the Falkland Islands on 6 January 1903, where she re-provisioned for the Antarctic journey ahead.
On 26 January, Scotia set sail for Antarctic waters. The crew had to manoeuvre round heavy pack ice on 3 February, north of the South Orkney Islands. Next day, Scotia was able to move southward again and land a small party on Saddle Island, South Orkney Islands, where a large number of botanical and geological specimens were gathered. Ice conditions prevented any further progress until 10 February, after which Scotia continued southward, "scudding along at seven knots under sail". On 17 February the position was 64°18′S, and five days later they passed 70°S, deep within the Weddell Sea. Shortly after this, with new ice forming and threatening the ship, Robertson turned northward, having reached 70°25′S.
Having failed to find land, the expedition had to decide where to winter. The matter was of some urgency, since the sea would soon be freezing over, with the risk of the ship becoming trapped. Bruce decided to head back to the South Orkneys and find an anchorage there. In contrast to his stated object, to winter as far south as possible, the South Orkneys were more than from the South Pole, but the northerly location had advantages. The relatively brief period during which the ship would be frozen in would allow more time for trawling and dredging operations early in the year. Also, the islands were well-situated as a site for a meteorological stationtheir relative proximity to the South American mainland opened the prospect of establishing a permanent station.
It took a month of hard sailing before Scotia reached the islands. After several foiled attempts to locate a suitable anchorage, and with its rudder seriously damaged by ice, the ship finally found a sheltered bay on the southern shore of Laurie Island, the most easterly of the South Orkneys chain. On 25 March the ship safely anchored, settling into the ice from shore. She was then rapidly converted to winter quarters, with engines dismantled, boilers emptied, and a canvas canopy enclosing the deck. Bruce instituted a comprehensive programme of work, involving meteorological readings, trawling for marine samples, botanical excursions, and the collection of biological and geological specimens. The major task completed during this time was the construction of living accommodations for those who would remain on Laurie Island to operate the proposed meteorological laboratory. The buildingits walls built from local materials using the dry stone method, and roof improvised from wood and canvas sheetinghad two windows and was fitted for six people. It was christened "Omond House" after Robert Omond, director of the Edinburgh Observatory and a supporter of the expedition. Rudmose Brown wrote: "Considering that we had no mortar and no masons' tools it is a wonderfully fine house and very lasting. I should think it will be standing a century hence ..."
In general, the party maintained excellent health. The exception was the ship's engineer, Allan Ramsay, who had been taken ill with a heart condition in the Falklands during the outward voyage. He chose to remain with the expedition, but he grew steadily weaker as winter progressed. He died on 6 August, and was buried on the island.
As winter turned to spring the level of activity increased, and there were numerous sledge journeys, including some to neighbouring islands. Near Omond House, a wooden hut was constructed for magnetic observations and a cairn was built, high, on top of which the Union Flag and the Saltire were displayed. Scotia was made seaworthy again, but remained icebound throughout September and October; it was not until 23 November that strong winds broke up the bay ice, allowing her to float free. Four days later she departed for Port Stanley, leaving a party of six under Robert Mossman at Omond House.
Buenos Aires, 1903–1904
On 2 December 1903, the expedition reached Port Stanley, where they received their first news from the outside world since leaving the Cape Verde Islands. After a week's rest, Scotia departed for Buenos Aires, where she was to be repaired and provisioned for another season's work. Bruce had further business in the city; he intended to persuade the Argentine government to assume responsibility for the Laurie Island meteorological station after the expedition's departure. During the voyage to Buenos Aires, Scotia ran aground in the Río de la Plata estuary, and was stranded for several days before floating free and being assisted into port by a tug, on 24 December.
During the following four weeks, while the ship was dry-docked, Bruce negotiated with the Argentine government over the future of the weather station. He was assisted by the British resident minister, the British Consul, and Dr W. G. Davis who was director of the Argentine Meteorological Office. When contacted by cable, the British Foreign Office registered no objection to this scheme. On 20 January 1904, Bruce confirmed an agreement whereby three scientific assistants of the Argentine government would travel back to Laurie Island to work for a year, under Robert Mossman, as the first stage of an annual arrangement. He then formally handed over the Omond House building, its furnishings and provisions, and all magnetic and meteorological instruments, to the Argentine government. The station, renamed Orcadas Base, has remained operational ever since, having been rebuilt and extended several times.
Several of the original crew left during the Buenos Aires interlude, some through illness and one discharged for misconduct, and replacements were recruited locally. Scotia left for Laurie Island on 21 January, arriving on 14 February. A week later, having settled the meteorological party, who were to be relieved a year later by the Argentine gunboat Uruguay, Scotia set sail for her second voyage to the Weddell Sea.
Second voyage, 1904 Scotia headed south-east, towards the eastern waters of the Weddell Sea, in calm weather. No pack ice was encountered before they were south of the Antarctic Circle, and they were able to proceed smoothly until, on 3 March, heavy pack ice stopped the ship at 72°18'S, 17°59'W. A sounding was taken, revealing a sea-depth of , compared to the which had been the general measurement up to that date. This suggested that they were approaching land. A few hours later, they reached an ice barrier, which blocked progress towards the south-east. Over the following days, they tracked the edge of this barrier southwards for some . A sounding from the barrier edge gave a depth of only , which strongly indicated the presence of land behind the barrier. The outlines of this land soon became faintly visible, and Bruce named it Coats Land after his chief sponsors. This was the first positive indicator of the eastern limits of the Weddell Sea at high latitude, and suggested that the sea might be considerably smaller than had been previously supposed. A projected visit to Coats Land by a sledging party was abandoned by Bruce because of the state of the sea ice.
On 9 March 1904, Scotia reached its most southerly latitude of 74°01'S. At this point, the ship was held fast in the pack ice, and the prospect loomed of becoming trapped for the winter. It was during this period of inactivity that bagpiper Gilbert Kerr was photographed serenading a penguin. On 13 March the ship broke free and began to move slowly north-eastward under steam. Throughout this part of the voyage a regular programme of depth soundings, trawls, and sea-bottom samples provided a comprehensive record of the oceanography and marine life of the Weddell Sea.Scotia headed for Cape Town by a route that took it to Gough Island, an isolated mid-Atlantic volcanic projection that had never been visited by a scientific party. On 21 April, Bruce and five others spent a day ashore, collecting specimens. The ship arrived in Cape Town on 6 May. After carrying out further research work in the Saldanha Bay area, Scotia sailed for home on 21 May.
On the voyage home the party called at Saint Helena and visited Napoleon's exile home which they found neglected and in disrepair. On 7 June the ship reached Ascension Island where they were impressed by the sight of giant turtles, some of them across. The final port of call was at Horta in the Azores, where they stopped briefly on 5 July before heading for home.
Homecoming and after
The expedition was warmly received on its return to the Clyde on 21 July 1904. A formal reception for 400 people was held at the Marine Biological Station, Millport, at which John Murray read a telegram of congratulation from King Edward VII. Bruce was presented with the Royal Scottish Geographical Society's gold medal, and Captain Robertson with the silver medal.
Following the expedition, more than 1,100 species of animal life, 212 of them previously unknown to science, were catalogued; there was no official acknowledgement from London, where under the influence of Markham the work of the SNAE tended to be ignored or denigrated. Its members were not awarded the prestigious RGS Polar Medals, which were bestowed on members of the Discovery Expedition when it returned home two months after Scotia. Polar Medals would also be awarded after each of Sir Ernest Shackleton's later expeditions, and after Douglas Mawson's Australasian expedition. Bruce fought unavailingly for years to right what he considered a grave injustice, a slight on his country and on his expedition. Some of the aversion of the London geographical establishment may have arisen from Bruce's overt Scottish nationalism, reflected in his own prefatory note to Rudmose Brown's expedition history, in which he said: "While Science was the talisman of the Expedition, Scotland was emblazoned on its flag; and it may be that, in endeavouring to serve humanity by adding another link to the golden chain of science, we have also shown that the nationality of Scotland is a power that must be reckoned with".
A significant consequence of the expedition was the establishment by Bruce, in Edinburgh, of the Scottish Oceanographical Laboratory, which was formally opened by Prince Albert of Monaco in 1906. The Laboratory served as a repository for the large collection of biological, zoological and geological specimens amassed during the Scotia voyages, and also during Bruce's earlier Arctic and Antarctic travels. It was also a base from which the scientific reports of the SNAE could be prepared, and it served as general headquarters where polar explorers could meet – Nansen, Amundsen and Shackleton all visited – and where other Scottish polar ventures could be planned and organised.
Although Bruce continued to visit the Arctic for scientific and commercial purposes, he never led another Antarctic expedition, his plans for a transcontinental crossing being stifled through lack of funding. The SNAE scientific reports took many years to complete; most were published between 1907 and 1920, but one volume was delayed until 1992. A proposal to convert the Laboratory into a permanent Scottish National Oceanographic Institute failed to come to fruition and, because of difficulties with funding, Bruce was forced to close it down in 1919. He died two years later, aged 54.
By this time, the Scotia expedition was barely remembered, even in Scotland, and it has remained overshadowed in polar histories by the more glamorous adventures of Scott and Shackleton. In these histories it is usually confined to a brief mention or footnote, with little attention given to its achievements. Bruce lacked charisma, had no public relations skills ("...as prickly as the Scottish thistle itself", according to a lifelong friend), and tended to make powerful enemies. In the words of oceanographer Professor Tony Rice, his expedition fulfilled "a more comprehensive programme than that of any previous or contemporary Antarctic expedition".
The expedition ship Scotia was requisitioned during the Great War, and saw service as a freighter. On 18 January 1916 she caught fire, and was burned out on a sandbank in the Bristol Channel. One hundred years after Bruce, a 2003 expedition, in a modern version of Scotia'', used information collected by the SNAE as a basis for examining climate change in South Georgia during the past century. This expedition asserted that its contribution to the international debate on global warming would be a fitting testament to the SNAE's pioneering research.
See also
Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
List of Antarctic expeditions
Notes and references
Notes
References
Sources
Books
Online
External links
1902 in Scotland
1902 in Antarctica
1903 in Antarctica
1904 in Antarctica
National Antarctic Expedition
United Kingdom and the Antarctic
Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration
Antarctic expeditions
Expeditions from the United Kingdom
1902 in science
1903 in science
1904 in science | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20National%20Antarctic%20Expedition |
Alight, formerly the American Refugee Committee (ARC), is an international nonprofit, nonsectarian organization that has provided humanitarian assistance and training to millions of beneficiaries over the last 40 years.
In 2011, Alight helped nearly 2.5 million people get essential services to regain their health and take back control of their lives. Alight works with its partners and constituencies to provide opportunities and expertise to communities of refugees and internally displaced persons in seven countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe, including Iraq, Kosovo, and in the Darfur region of Sudan and is currently providing for emergency relief and recovery in Haiti. Alight provides shelter, clean water and sanitation, health care, skills training, microcredit education, and protection to help survivors of war and natural disasters to rebuild their lives with dignity, health care, security, and self-sufficiency.
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Afghan refugees
Today, there are millions of Afghan refugees living in refugee camps in Pakistan's Baluchistan Province. Some fled the oppression of the Taliban, others the Soviet invasion in the 1980s. For years they have known no way of life other than in the camps. Entire generations have grown up without the right to move about freely or the possibility to make a living for their families.
Alight provides primary health care to 98,000 Afghan refugees in the camps and in the surrounding communities. Alight also provides special attention to pregnant mothers and training for refugees in caring for their own communities. Alight helps refugees cope with the frustrations of living in a camp by organizing youth clubs and activities, working to prevent and respond to domestic violence in the camps, and building awareness of the threat of HIV/AIDS.
Earthquake relief
In October 2005, a massive earthquake shattered communities throughout mountainous northern Pakistan. The impact has been long-lasting, with entire families and villages wiped out and vital infrastructure destroyed. Within hours of the quake, Alight began getting survivors in Bagh District the emergency relief they needed – clean water, nutritious food, shelters for those left homeless and in need of emergency medical attention. Today, Alight's efforts are focused on working with communities to rebuild health care clinics and water systems in the region so that survivors can care for themselves.
2009 Pakistan displacement crisis
In the spring of 2009, three million people fled for their lives from fighting between Taliban forces and the Pakistani government in the mountainous region of northwestern Pakistan. Many fled to camps without clean water or enough to eat. But the vast majority have been taken in by local communities, packed in tight quarters – sometimes 50–60 people in very small homes. Water and sanitation systems were on the brink of collapse, and there was a serious threat of outbreaks of disease.
Alight quickly began trucking clean water into refugee camps and digging wells and latrines to ensure safe and sanitary living conditions. Aid workers have also stepped in at local clinics to provide comprehensive medical care and to try to reach as many survivors as possible.
Alight is also currently working to help Pakistani families who have begun returning. So far, 100,000 families have gone back to the Swat Valley. But the fighting destroyed infrastructure and other systems, leaving people without basics like clean water and sanitation. Alight will soon begin work digging wells and repairing infrastructure so that basic necessities will be waiting for families when they return home.
2010 floods
In late July 2010 monsoon rainfall caused flash floods swelling the river Swat and killing over 1,100 people. Alight's Emergency Response teams began work as the flooding subsided in early August, providing clean water and mobile health clinics for survivors. Alight's mobile health teams, especially water and sanitation teams, assembled and began coordinating with partners and authorities. Swat, Nowshera, Mardan, and Peshawar were the most severely affected areas. Roads were washed out, bridges gone, internet and telephone were functioning intermittently. Many affected communities remained inaccessible except by helicopter; others had been entirely obliterated.
Rwanda
Alight began work in Rwanda in December 1994, following the genocide. Alight manages all three major refugee camps in Rwanda, providing health care, water, construction, and sanitation services as well as programs combating gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS. Alight also manages successful income generation programs in the camps and hires and trains refugees wherever possible. In 2005, the government of Rwanda asked Alight to build a refugee camp at Nyabiheke to accommodate 5,000 new refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Alight quickly constructed roads, bridges, shelters, latrines, storage warehouses, and health centers, and began receiving refugees within a month of the request. The culminating achievement of the construction efforts was the drilling of a borehole to tap an aquifer, which provides 100,000 liters of naturally purified, filtered water per day. In the fall of 2007, Alight expanded Nyabiheke Camp to receive 2,000 more people fleeing increased violence.
Sudan
Darfur
The American Refugee Committee is taking a variety of actions to directly help millions of Darfuris who are without access to clean water, who are unable to make a living for their families, who live in camps with no access to farmland or who are forced to flee fighting too frequently to raise any crops.
Alight's corps of midwives assist pregnant mothers to safely deliver their babies, and health clinics provide treatment and medications to thousands of people each month. Alight is working with Darfuri communities to dig wells that will provide safe drinking water to thousands, and Alight is partnering with families to plant crops that will feed and support them. Alight provides tools and seeds and the families bring the farming skills to grow the food that will sustain them. In schools Alight provides children with nutritious meals. Parents have one less mouth to feed, and their children will be educated and better prepared to help rebuild the region when the fighting has ended.
Southern Sudan
Alight began operations in Kajo Keji County in Southern Sudan in 1994, providing health services to people displaced by the war. Operations have since grown dramatically, and Alight now operates an integrated program of health care, water and sanitation, and microenterprise development for war-affected residents and returning refugees. Since 2006, Alight has been implementing a major, long-term initiative to expand comprehensive reproductive health care services in Southern Sudan. Alight has recently initiated the Through Our Eyes project in southern Sudan, using hands-on video and community participation to get people talking about gender-based violence and how to prevent it. Alight currently works in Juba, Kajo Keji, Malakal, Nimule, and Yei.
Thailand
Alight's oldest program, Alight has operated continuously in Thailand since 1979. Currently Alight works in refugee camps along the Thai-Burmese border, providing health care services, health education, and water, sanitation and environmental health services to Karen refugees in camps on the border with Myanmar. Alight focuses on building the capacity and skills of constituents, training them to become health care providers and community leaders so they may apply these skills upon their return to Myanmar or their relocation to a third country.
Alight also operates in coastal villages between Phuket and Ranong in the south of Thailand.
Uganda
Alight has been working in Uganda off-and-on since 1994, when Alight began operations in neighboring Southern Sudan. Today, Alight manages 14 internally displaced persons camps in the northern Gulu District of Uganda.
Awards and distinctions
Alight was given an A+ rating by CharityWatch, a charity watchdog created by the American Institute of Philanthropy to rate non-profit organizations based on the ratio of funds spent on humanitarian aid compared to administrative overhead.
Charity Navigator gives Alight 4 stars, its highest rating.
Reader's Digest magazine, Money magazine, Worth magazine, and GiveSpot.com also highly rate Alight.
In 2012, Alight was awarded the Peter F. Drucker Award for Non-Profit Innovation.
Records
Records of Alight (and the American Refugee Committee) are available for research use. They include domestic and international program records, organizational files, correspondence, subject files, publications, printed material, and newspaper clippings.
References
External links
Refugee aid organizations in the United States
International charities
Organizations based in Minneapolis
Charities based in Minnesota
Organizations established in 1979
1979 establishments in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alight |
FTP server return codes always have three digits, and each digit has a special meaning. The first digit denotes whether the response is good, bad or incomplete:
The second digit is a grouping digit and encodes the following information:
Below is a list of all known return codes that may be issued by an FTP server.
See also
List of FTP commands
List of HTTP status codes
References
Computer errors
File Transfer Protocol
Internet-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20FTP%20server%20return%20codes |
Murchison-Eyre was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia from 1890 to 1989 and again from 2005 to 2008.
Known as Murchison until 1968, it was one of the original 30 seats contested at the 1890 election. The district was located in the Western Australian outback. The seat was abolished ahead of the 1989 election.
Revived for the 2005 election, Murchison-Eyre was won by Labor candidate John Bowler, previously member for the abolished Eyre. The district lasted one term before it was abolished ahead of the 2008 election. Its former territory was divided between the districts of Eyre, Kalgoorlie, North West, and Pilbara. Bowler, by this time an independent, successfully contested the seat of Kalgoorlie.
Members for Murchison-Eyre
Election results
External links
Murchison-Eyre
Goldfields-Esperance | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Murchison-Eyre |
Ponte da Barca (; ) is a municipality in the district of Viana do Castelo in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 12,061, in an area of 182.11 km2.
The present Mayor is Augusto Manuel Dos Reis Marinho, elected by the PSD. The municipal holiday is August 24.
Climate
Ponte da Barca has a Mediterranean climate with oceanic/humid subtropical influences. It has warm to hot summers and mild, very wet winters.
Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 17 civil parishes (freguesias):
Azias
Boivães
Bravães
Britelo
Crasto, Ruivos e Grovelas
Cuide de Vila Verde
Entre Ambos-os-Rios, Ermida e Germil
Lavradas
Lindoso
Nogueira
Oleiros
Ponte da Barca, Vila Nova da Muía e Paço Vedro de Magalhães
Sampriz
Vade São Pedro
Vade São Tomé
Touvedo (São Lourenço e Salvador)
Vila Chã (São João Baptista e Santiago)
Notable people
João Uva (born 1980) a former rugby union footballer
Adérito Esteves (born Sampriz, Ponte da Barca 1985) a Portuguese rugby union player.
References
External links
Municipality official website
Casa do Javali and Casa da Corca
Sanctuary of Our Lady of Peace
Municipalities of Viana do Castelo District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte%20da%20Barca |
Cork Mid was a Dáil constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas (the Irish legislature) from 1961 to 1981. The constituency was represented by 4 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) from 1961 to 1977, and then 5 from 1977 until its abolition in 1981. The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
Boundaries
From 1961 to 1969, its boundaries were defined as: "The administrative county of Cork except the portions thereof which are comprised in the borough constituency of Cork and the county constituencies of North-East Cork and South-West Cork."
From 1961 to 1977, its boundaries were defined as: "The administrative county of Cork except the portions thereof which are comprised in the borough constituency of Cork and the county constituencies of North-East Cork, South-West Cork and South Kerry."
From 1977 to 1981, its boundaries were defined as: "The administrative county of Cork, except the parts thereof which are comprised in the constituencies of Cork North-East, Cork South-West and Kerry South; and the following wards in the county borough of Cork: Bishopstown E, Gillabbey B, Gillabbey C, Glasheen A, Glasheen B, Glasheen C, Pouladuff A, Pouladuff B, The Lough, Togher A, Togher B."
TDs
Elections
1977 general election
1973 general election
1972 by-election
Following the death of Fianna Fáil TD Paddy Forde on 13 May 1972, a by-election was held on 2 August 1972. The seat was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate Gene Fitzgerald.
1969 general election
1965 general election
1965 by-election
Following the death of Labour Party TD Dan Desmond on 9 December 1964, a by-election was held on 10 March 1965. The seat was won by the Labour Party candidate Eileen Desmond, widow of the deceased TD.
1961 general election
See also
Dáil constituencies
Politics of the Republic of Ireland
Historic Dáil constituencies
Elections in the Republic of Ireland
References
External links
Oireachtas Members Database
Historic constituencies in County Cork
Dáil constituencies in the Republic of Ireland (historic)
1961 establishments in Ireland
1981 disestablishments in Ireland
Constituencies established in 1961
Constituencies disestablished in 1981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cork%20Mid%20%28D%C3%A1il%20constituency%29 |
Chelsea Harbour is a contemporary mixed-use development in West London, situated in its Sands End area, along Chelsea Creek, the historic southeastern boundary of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham with the southwestern boundary of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, and opposite the site of the old Lots Road Power Station in Chelsea. The development consists of luxury apartments, the Chelsea Harbour Marina and the Chelsea Harbour Design Centre and a hotel, 'the Chelsea Harbour Hotel'.
History
"Chelsea Harbour" stands on land that was once the 28-acre estate of Sandford Manor House. Among other occupants, it is reputed to have been the residence of Nell Gwyn. At the start of the 19th-century, it was in decline and was bought by a gas company. Part of the land was used as a Victorian-era railway coaling dock on the River Thames. Latterly it had been a coal yard for predecessor companies of British Rail. The 20-acre site lies in a triangle bounded by the Thames and Counter's Creek to the south and east, and to the west by the West London Line (Overground Network and National Rail) on a viaduct. At the inception of the redevelopment, the Conservative-led Hammersmith and Fulham Council, having granted planning permission, approached the Boundary Commission to have it re-designated as part of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. The Commission reported in 1992 proposing a shift of boundary to the middle of the West London Line rail tracks. In the event, the Royal Borough passed on the offer of Chelsea Harbour in the then Leader's following terms: The Royal Borough has completed its submissions to the Boundaries Commission. No suggestion that we should take Chelsea Harbour into this authority was among them. That will remain our position. (Nicholas Freeman)
Regeneration
Chelsea Harbour was designed by architects Moxley Jenner & Partners, developed by Mansford, with Bovis Homes Group serving as project management consultants. It was the biggest single construction project in the United Kingdom for decades. The original design was for 16 buildings covering some 14 acres. Only 12 buildings were completed due to a downturn in the UK economy during the construction period.
Remediation
When planning permission was granted on 15 April 1986, the whole site, including the lock, was derelict. Both the Coal Dock and the lock had been infilled with contaminated materials, which had to be excavated and disposed of. The design required the contractor to reduce the size of the Dock by 1/3rd from the north end, to form the 75-berth Marina; and to re-construct the lock chamber, lock-gates, and cill. Work on-site began in early May 1986, and within twelve months the contractor had excavated the dock, constructed a new north wall, re-puddled the dock floor and renovated the lock. The site was equipped with 14 tower cranes, and had approximately 1500 personnel on-site during most of the build phase. In April 1987 a "commissioning Champagne Party" was held on two pontoons in the newly flooded "marina" for all the staff directly involved.
Achievements
Between April 1986 and April 1987, the construction team achieved the following:
2,000 piles had been sunk over 30 metres down to the London clay without problems, despite some being within two metres of both a London Underground main electrical supply cable and of a huge Victorian-built storm sewer.
250,000 cu. Metres of earth had been excavated and removed from the site;
55 acres of floor space were built, using 70,000 cubic metres of concrete and 8,000 tons of steel; one continuous concrete pour on Chelsea Garden Market's foundations totalled over 400 cu. Metres, with mixer trucks queueing-up for several hundred yards along Townmead Road. To ensure an uninterrupted cement supply for the concrete, 5,000 tons of cement were stockpiled in a hulk moored in the London Docks; and a concrete supply company was bought outright, to devote priority of supply to the project:
the reinforced structural concrete frame of "Chelsea Crescent" (which contained 64 apartments as originally designed) was built in just eight weeks;
three new bridges had been completed on-site, including the largest "thrust bore" tunnel in Europe (over Townmead Road), which was hydraulically jacked into position under an operating rail line in a single weekend;
two buildings had been completed to "shell & core" status, and the interior spaces were already being occupied by the contractors of incoming tenants;
a further eight buildings were under construction including "Chambers" and "Chelsea Garden Market";
The 18-storey "Belvedere" tower was "topped-out" within six months of the start of work. The constructors managed to pour a new floor every four days, with pre-fabricated sub-sections of Rebar built on the ground using "go; no-go"Jigs, using a quick-curing high-strength concrete. Flat soffits with no "downstand beams", and pre-fabricated, steel, wheeled jack-up Forms were placed-, removed-, and re-positioned by the building's tower crane (with the aid of temporary-support platforms cantilevered off the side of the structure), erected in what would become one of the Belvedere's lift shafts.
Contracts
All the buildings – save for the hotel – were built as "shell & core" contracts, with tenants leasing their spaces from Chelsea Harbour Ltd. through their letting agents. Once each building was wind and weather-tight, and connected to the external services, tenants commissioned their own contractors for the internal finishings. Bovis project-managed the construction of the hotel from piling-level to roadway-level, and the remainder of the structure above-ground was completed by a client who had concluded a long lease with Chelsea Harbour Ltd. The civil and structural engineers for the project were Clarke Nicholls and Marcel of Hammersmith, London W6.
Marketing
Harrods Estates were asked to manage the residential aspects such as the sale and letting of properties. The 310 apartments were marketed with prices starting at around £2 million per property. The 261,000 sq ft of land has 24-hour security patrols, and residents have 24-hour porterage.
Marina
The marina itself is not used commercially but accommodates luxury yachts and speedboats, and can be accessed from the Thames at high tide. The lock accessibility was indicated by a huge hollow sphere rising-&-dropping on a mast topping The "Belvedere", visible for a long way both upstream and down, and connected to a tide gauge by the lock gate giving into the Thames.
Imperial Wharf and transport
The immediate vicinity has been enhanced by Imperial Wharf, a riverside development by St George plc. Its name commemorates the Imperial Gas Light and Coke Company that established its operations here in 1824. The development is served by a London Overground station, Imperial Wharf, which opened on 27 September 2009, providing direct rail links with Clapham Junction and Willesden Junction, as well as Southern services to and .
There are Transport for London bus services including route C3, linking Chelsea Harbour with Earl's Court, Fulham and Clapham Junction and route 424. There is also a direct railway track connecting Imperial Wharf Station directly to London Victoria Station, which is currently not in service.
River bus services
River bus services are provided at peak hours by London River Services from Chelsea Harbour Pier, and provide transport to Putney and Blackfriars Millennium Pier.
Chelsea Design Centre
The Chelsea Harbour Design Centre is home to over 70 showrooms, occupying nearly 66,000 sq ft gross internal space topped by three large glazed domes over a galleria. The offices are in two buildings known as "Harbour Yard" and "The Design Centre East".
Notable residents
Chelsea Harbour is off the Lots and Townmead roads and has been home to some notable past and contemporary residents who have included:
Joseph Addison (1672–1719), essayist, playwright lived at Sands End
William De Morgan (1832–1917), potter, ceramicist, designer and novelist lived and worked nearby
Michael Caine
Robbie Williams
Tom Stoppard
Emmanuel Petit
Sally Burton
Sir Ralph Halpern
Lots Road power station
A neighbouring, large-scale development called, "Chelsea Waterfront", planned by Terry Farrell is under way on the site of Lots Road power station.
John Roque's 1746 Map
The extract below of John Rocque's Map of London, 1746 shows Fulham in the loop of the Thames, with Counter's Creek distinctly visible to the left, just below the 'elbow' in the river. Sands End and the future Chelsea Harbour area lies immediately to the left of the mouth of the tributary, which is called 'Chelsea Creek' at this juncture.
References and notes
External links
Districts of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
Local authorities adjoining the River Thames
History of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham
Redevelopment projects in London
Redeveloped ports and waterfronts in London
Areas of London
Fulham
Residential buildings in London
Marinas in England
River Thames
Defunct real tennis venues | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelsea%20Harbour |
The Directory for Public Worship (known in Scotland as the Westminster Directory) is a liturgical manual produced by the Westminster Assembly in 1644 to replace the Book of Common Prayer. Approved by the Parliament of England in 1644 and the Parliament of Scotland in 1645, the Directory is part of the Westminster Standards, together with the Westminster Confession of Faith, the Westminster Shorter Catechism, the Westminster Larger Catechism, and the Form of Church Government.
Origins
The movement against the Book of Common Prayer, partly inspired by the English Parliament, had come to a head with the submission of the Root and Branch petition of 1640, which demanded "that the said government (i.e. episcopal system) with all its dependencies, roots and branches be abolished." Among the "branches" was the Book of Common Prayer, which was said to be a "Liturgy for the most part framed out of the Romish Breviary, Rituals, [and] Mass Book."
Thus in 1641, an abridgment of John Knox's Book of Common Order was presented to the Long Parliament. In 1644, another adaptation of the same original was presented to the Westminster Assembly and printed. However, the parliamentary divines resolved to produce their own book, and set up a committee which was to agree on a set of instructions for ministers in charge of congregations—not a fixed form of devotion, but a manual of directions. While the English Book of Common Prayer had early use in Scotland, it is a fixed liturgy, providing a range of fixed prayers and detailed tables of fixed lessons. It is therefore not easy to compare it with the Directory. However, the Directory does very much follow the Book of Common Order used in Scotland from 1564, which derived from Knox’s Forme of Prayers used in the English Congregation in Geneva. This book affords discretion in the wording of the prayers and no fixed lectionary.
The Directory was produced by a parliamentary subcommittee among the Westminster divines. The chair of the subcommittee was Stephen Marshall. Other members included Thomas Young, Herbert Palmer, and Charles Herle. Representing the Independents were Philip Nye and Thomas Goodwin, and representing the Scottish Presbyterians were Alexander Henderson, Robert Baillie, George Gillespie, and Samuel Rutherford. The text appears to be in the style of Nye's writing.
Contents
The Directory was something like an agenda, but it was also something of a handbook of pastoral practice containing a lengthy section on visiting the sick, and a detailed section on preaching. The book reflected the compilers' belief in the regulative principle of worship, which holds that only what is mandated by explicit Scripture, whether by explicit command, precept or example or by good and necessary consequence can be deduced from Scripture was warranted in the public worship of God.
The Directory lays down a structure of worship centered on the reading of Scripture. The canonical scriptures are to be read in order, a chapter of each testament at a time, after which there was a long prescribed prayer and then the minister was to preach to the effect that "his own and his hearers' hearts [are] to be rightly affected with their sins."
Baptism was to be administered at this same service using a baptismal font which the people could see and where they could hear, rather than hitherto where fonts had often been placed at the entrance of the church. A long instruction preceded the administration of the rite which, among other things, made the point that baptism is not so necessary that the child would be damned or the parents guilty if it were not administered, on the grounds that the children of the faithful "are Christians and federally holy before baptism." There was to be prayer that the inward baptism of the Spirit would be joined with the outward baptism of water.
Communion was to take place after the morning sermon, and was to be celebrated often, though the Directory does not specify precisely how often; to the Scots, quarterly or half-yearly was sufficient, but some English Puritan churches observed monthly, while most Anglicans only practiced communion once a year. Those wishing to receive communion were to sit "about" or "at" the communion table. The disjunctive words "about" and "at" were a compromise between the Scottish view of the necessity of sitting around a table and a common view in England that partaking in the pews was in order. The words of institution from the Gospels of Mark, Matthew, and Luke, or from Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians, were an essential part of the celebration. These were followed by a prayer of thanksgiving to God "to vouchsafe his gracious presence, and the effectual working of his Spirit in us; and so to sanctify these elements, both of bread and wine, and to bless his own ordinance, that we may receive by faith the body and blood of Jesus Christ crucified for us, and so feed upon him that he may be one with us, and we with him, and that he may live in us and we in him and to him, who hath loved us and given himself for us." The bread was then to be broken and shared and the wine also. The collection of alms for the poor was to be organised so that it in no way hindered the service.
Marriage involved the consent of the parties, publication of intention, and a religious service in a place of public worship on any day of the year, but preferably not the Lord's Day. It consisted of prayer, an explanation of the origin and purpose of marriage, an enquiry as to if there is any impediment, the exchange of vows, the pronouncement that the couple be husband and wife, and a closing prayer. A register of marriages was to be kept.
The Directory made no provision for burial services, on the grounds that burial services had inspired superstitious practices. It did, however, permit "civil respects or deferences" at the burial, "appropriate to the rank and condition of the party deceased," to put the friends of the deceased in mind of their duty to improve the occasion.
Henry Hammond, later Chaplain to Charles I, advanced six objections to the Directory in his 1645 work, A View of the New Directory and a Vindication of the Ancient Liturgy of the Church of England. Hammond wrote that the Directory avoids (1) a prescribed form or liturgy, (2) outward or bodily worship, (3) uniformity in worship, (4) congregants participating through responses in prayers, hymns, and readings, (5) the division of prayers into several collects or portions, and (6) ceremonies such as kneeling in communion, the cross in baptism, and the ring in marriage. In respect of (1) this has been covered already. In respect of (2), doting on ceremonies and outward gestures (e.g. bowing to the east) was indeed avoided. As for (3), it was intended that there be uniformity in the parts of worship though not the words, while in regard to (4) and (5) the Directory is not so opposite as Hammond suggests although it does not seem very positive on singing. In regard to (6), kneeling in communion and the cross in baptism had been matters of long and significant controversy between the parties in the Church of England.
Hammond then noted sixteen items avoided in the Directory which are more particularly related to the parts of the service: (1) pronouncing of absolution, (2) the necessity of singing psalms and other hymns of the church, (3) the use of the doxology, (4) the use of the ancient creeds, (5) the frequent use of the Lord’s Prayer and prayers for the King, (6) saints days and the liturgical year, (7) the reading of the commandments and associated prayers, (8) the order of the offertory, (9) private baptism, (10) a prescribed catechism (although this was covered by the later Westminster Larger and Shorter Catechisms), (11) confirmation, (12) solemnities of burial for the sake of the living, (13) thanksgiving after childbirth, (14) communion for the sick, (15) The Commination service at the beginning of Lent, (16) the observation of Lent, Rogation days and the Ember weeks. Several of these items (1-5,7,10) had use in other Reformed churches, but the major items did not.
Use by the Church of England
In some areas of England, notably in London and Lancashire, Presbyterian classes (presbyteries) were set up in 1646 and operated until the Restoration of Charles II in 1660. Although by no means universally adopted even within these areas, there is good evidence to show that many of these parishes both bought and used the Directory. It was probably also used in parishes with Congregationalist, or Independent, ministers. However, those parishes that did adopt the Directory were in the minority, and the Book of Common Prayer continued in use secretly across much of the country, particularly in relation to funerals. It is clear that the Directory was deeply unpopular with the majority of the population, and some of the best evidence for its use can be deduced from negative reactions to it, in particular the dramatically reduced baptism rate in those parishes where the Directory was adopted.
Use by the Church of Scotland
The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland adopted the Westminster Directory during that Assembly's 10 Session on 3 February 1645. In adopting the text of the Directory, however, the Assembly provided several clarifications and provisions and later, during Session 14 on February 7, 1645, it provided even further clarifications for application within the Church of Scotland. The adopting acts, therefore, attempted to keep intact those traditions and practices of the Scottish church where they differed from those of some English churches, whether Puritan or Independent, so long as these differences proved no offense to those English churches. Such differences in implementation included, for instance, the Scots coming forward to sit around the communion table, retaining the use of the epiklesis, the singing of a psalm while tables dismissed and came forward, the distribution of bread and wine by communicants among themselves, and "a sermon of Thanksgiving" after communion. The Westminster Directory did, however, have the effect of suppressing the Scottish "Reader's Service" and of eliminating the practice of ministers bowing in the pulpit to pray prior to the sermon.
Bibliography
W. A. Shaw, A History of the English Church during the Civil War and under the Commonwealth 1640–1660, 2 vols., (London, 1900)
F. Procter, A New History of the Book of Common Prayer, rev. W. H. Frere, (Macmillan: London, 1919)
Judith Maltby, Prayer Book and People in Elizabethan and Early Stuart England, (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1998)
John Morrill, ‘The Church in England 1642–1649’, in Reactions to the English Civil War, ed. John Morrill, (Macmillan: Basingstoke, 1982), pp 89–114, reprinted in John Morrill, The Nature of the English Revolution, (Longman: London, 1993)
Christopher Durston, ‘Puritan Rule and the Failure of Cultural Revolution, 1645-1660’, in The Culture of English Puritanism, 1560–1700, ed. Christopher Durston and Jacqueline Eales, (Macmillan: Basingstoke, 1996), p 210–233
Minutes of the Manchester Presbyterian Classis, ed. W A Shaw, 3 vols., Chetham Society, new series, 20, 22 & 24 (1890–1891)
Note
The full name of the book was A Directory for Public Worship of God throughout the Three Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Together with an Ordinance of Parliament for the taking away of the Book of Common Prayer, and the Establishing and Observing of this Present Directory throughout the Kingdom of England and the Dominion of Wales. The full name of the 1645 Scottish Act was CHARLES I. Parl. 3. Sess. An ACT of the PARLIAMENT of the KINGDOM of SCOTLAND, approving and establishing the DIRECTORY for Publick Worship. AT EDINBURGH, February 6, 1645
References
External links
Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642–1660: An Ordinance for taking away the Book of Common Prayer, and for establishing and putting in execution of the Directory for the publique worship of God. Text of the Directory appended to an ordinance of the Parliament of England, 4 January 1645.
Directory text incorporated in ACT of the PARLIAMENT of the KINGDOM of SCOTLAND, approving and establishing the DIRECTORY for Publick Worship
1645 works
17th-century Christian texts
Calvinist texts
Christian prayer books
Congregationalism
English Reformation
History of the Church of England
Presbyterianism
Westminster Assembly
Westminster Standards
Church of Scotland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory%20for%20Public%20Worship |
Blood Thirst (also known as Blood Seekers and The Horror from Beyond) is a 1971 American black-and-white horror film produced and directed by Newt Arnold, and starring Robert Winston, Katherine Henryk and Yvonne Nielson. Shot on location in the Philippines in 1965, the film tells the story of an American detective investigating a series of murders linked to a Manila nightclub. The killings are carried out by a monster so that a beautiful blonde woman, who is actually hundreds of years old, can use the victim's blood to stay forever young.
Blood Thirst was actually completed in 1965 but was not released in the US until 1971, where it was put on a double bill with the British film Bloodsuckers (UK, 1971). Blood Thirst mostly played the grindhouse circuit.
Plot
New York City detective and sex-crimes specialist Adam Rourke (Winston) has gone to Manila to help his friend, Inspector Miguel Ramos (Victor Diaz), investigate the murders of several young women. All have had their blood drained through identical 10 cm incisions on the inside of each forearm. Miguel suspects a homicidal maniac but has heard rumours that a "strange blood cult" is to blame. Adam goes undercover as a writer seeking the story of the latest victim, Maria Cortez, a hostess at the Barrio Club, owned by Mr. Calderone (Vic Silayan).
Adam goes to the club. He brushes off a pretty hostess, Theresa (Judy Dennis), and instead watches beautiful blonde Serena (Nielson) dance. He and Calderone discuss the article about Maria.
That night, Adam kills a man who attacked him in his hotel room. Afterwards, he is stopped by a seemingly homeless man who in reality is Herrera (Eddie Infante), an undercover officer with a prosthetic leg who is Adam's police liaison.
Sylvia (Henryk), Miguel's adopted sister, drives Adam into the countryside and dumps him there, accusing him of not taking the case seriously. As he walks to his hotel, he sees a drunken Theresa arrive home. Out of sight of Adam, she is jumped by a humanoid monster. At the club, Serena suddenly clutches her face and runs off the dance floor. She looks older than she had earlier.
Miguel contacts the police in Lima and learns that Calderone and Serena fled Peru two years earlier, after Calderone was implicated in the murders of several young women. Elena, another club hostess, is then kidnapped by the monster.
Adam is unaware of the monster but suspects that Calderone is the murderer. Serena disingenuously tells Adam that Calderone "is a maniac and he'll kill to protect his secret." She introduces Adam to Louisa, a new hostess. Louisa is actually Sylvia. She has fallen in love with Adam and wants to help him. She points out that Serena's wrist-to-elbow armbands are of Aztec or Inca origin.
The monster kills Elena in a secret chamber beneath the Barrio Club. He moves a bowl of her blood in front of Sylvia, who is seated in a chair with a brightly lit box behind her head. She throws powder into the blood. Smoke rises and when it clears Serena is young again.
Serena asks Adam to her home and tells him lies. She says that Calderone killed his wife and made it look like suicide, and that he forces her to dance at the club. Adam passes out from the drugged drink that Serena gave him. As this happens, Sylvia discovers the secret chamber and is grabbed by the monster.
Adam awakens tied to a tree. Serena explains that she was chosen "by her people" to become one of the "golden goddesses" but she must have the blood of other women to maintain her eternal beauty. The blood is mixed with the powdered roots of ancient trees and the "electrical energy of the sun harnessed in a small container." Serena removes an armband to show Adam her scar, identical to those of the murder victims. But just as she is about to stab Adam, she begins ageing rapidly and runs for the chamber.
Adam is freed by one of Calderone's men and calls the police. Adam takes Miguel to the chamber, where the monster is about to kill Sylvia. Instead, he attacks the men, inadvertently moving the bowl of Elena's blood in front of Serena. Miguel shoots the monster four times to little effect. The monster begins strangling both men, but Herrera hits him with his artificial leg. The monster falls and strikes his head. Adam and Miguel save Sylvia.
Serena throws powder into Elena's blood. When the smoke clears, she is a very old woman. She throws another handful and after the smoke dissipates only her clothing and armbands remain. The monster dies, revealing himself to be Calderone.
The case solved, Adam kisses Sylvia good-bye and heads home to New York.
Cast
Robert Winston as Adam Rourke
Katherine Henryk as Sylvia Ramos
Yvonne Nielson as Serena Brioso
Vic Diaz as Inspector Miguel Ramos
Vic Silayan as Calderone
Eddie Infante as Herrera
Bruno Punzalan as Moreno
Judy Dennis as Theresa
Max Roio as Max (credited as Max Rojo)
Ching Tello
Minda Morena
Isidro Francisco
Felix Marfil
Production
The film was shot on location by Journey Productions Inc. in the Philippines in 1965 but not distributed to theatres in the US until 1971.
Blood Thirst was given a GP rating by the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) upon its release. GP meant that parental guidance was suggested, but not required, which allowed the film to be exhibited to audiences of all ages.
Release
Chevron Pictures distributed Blood Thirst as the second feature on a double-bill with what film critic and psychometrist Bryan Senn considers to be the inferior British horror film Bloodsuckers (titled Incense for the Damned in the UK). He notes that "by 1965, producing a black-and-white picture, much less an import with no star names, was asking for distribution trouble, and the film sat on the shelf for half-a-dozen years before Chevron decided they needed a co-feature for their British snoozer Blood Suckers."
The US poster for the films carries a warning which reads "Notice: We are not responsible for your nightmares when you see this blood-curdling gruesome twosome!"
Home media
Blood Thirst was released on DVD by Image Entertainment on July 24, 2001, as a double-feature alongside Blood Suckers (1989). Image later re-released the film on September 2, 2003 as a part of its three-disk "Box of Blood" movie pack. The film was later released by Alpha Video on March 23, 2004. On August 2, 2005, it was released by Diamond Entertainment as a part of its two-disk "Vampire Collection". It was later released on August 5, 2008, by Retromedia in its "Morella's Blood Vision" movie pack. The film was last released by Cav Distributing Corporation on September 10, 2013, as a part of a "Drive-In Collection".
Reception
Theatrical reviewers praised the on-screen appearance of Blood Thirst. Senn writes that "The film's stark black-and-white photography takes an atmospheric turn from the outset, particularly during the nighttime shots of the shadow-filled, deserted streets, the planes of light and darkness becoming almost noirish in their intensity." Similarly, internet critic Mdeapo says that "Visually, this film is framed in an artful manner and the black-and-white photography is crisp, adding atmosphere and shadow." And critic David Elroy Goldweber describes Blood Thirst as having "unusually good staging of shots and black-and-white cinematography. The lighting, the framing, the subtle camera work is very sophisticated for films of this kind."
The same critics are relatively gentle with the film as a whole. Blood Thirst is "an uneven but entertaining mishmash of film noir, Filipino horror, and seedy spy flick," a "watchable and brief drive-in number that would be a perfect second bill to The Awful Dr. Orloff or Nightmare Castle (...) humorous and exotic enough to keep your interest on a dark and rainy night" and a picture that "might work without sound as a background movie during a party."
However, critics found the film's monster to be somewhat laughable. One writes that "the creature looks like the Michelin Man after stepping on a hornets' nest," while another describes him/it as having "a face like a melting marshmallow."
Mondo Digital calls it "a moody, gothic blend of police procedural and sadistic horror, with the latter finally taking over completely the lively final ten minutes." David Cornelius from DVD Talk panned the film, criticizing the film's acting, dialogue, and nonsensical plot.
Eric Cotenas from DVD Drive-In gives the film a mixed review, commending the film's interesting monster, Nielson's performance, and monochrome cinematography, but also stating that the film is "mostly a snooze."
Fred Beldin from Allmovie gives the film a positive review, commending the film's set pieces, quick pacing, and Winston's performance, writing that "Blood Thirst is an entertaining horror/mystery tale with a twist on the standard legends that vampire fans might be expecting." On his website Fantastic Movie Musings and Ramblings, Dave Sindelar indicates that he likes the film, while noting its plot is occasionally clunky and shows obvious cheapness.
See also
List of American films of 1965
References
External links
1965 films
1965 horror films
1965 independent films
1960s serial killer films
1971 films
1971 horror films
1971 independent films
1970s monster movies
1970s serial killer films
American black-and-white films
American independent films
American monster movies
American serial killer films
Films shot in the Philippines
American vampire films
Films directed by Newt Arnold
1970s English-language films
1960s English-language films
1960s American films
1970s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%20Thirst |
North West Central is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Western Australia.
The district is mostly based in the rural north-west of Western Australia. It is currently a marginal seat for the Nationals.
History
First known as North West Coastal, the district was first created for the 2005 state election, incorporating territory from the abolished districts of Burrup and Ningaloo. The seat was won by Labor MP, and then member for Burrup, Fred Riebeling.
The district was expanded for the 2008 state election, incorporating more inland territory which resulted in the name change to North West. With Riebeling's decision to retire, the contest pitted Labor MP Vince Catania, then a member of the Legislative Council, against Liberal candidate, and former Ningaloo MP, Rod Sweetman, with Catania emerging victorious. On 20 July 2009, Catania announced his decision to leave the Labor Party to join the rival National Party.
The 2013 state election saw the Labor-leaning Shire of Roebourne transferred to the Pilbara while taking more central areas of the state including the shires of Sandstone and Wiluna, increasing National's hold on the seat. The increase in terms of area in the central part of the state saw yet another name change to North West Central.
Catania resigned on 8 August 2022, resulting in the 2022 North West Central state by-election, which was retained for the Nationals by Merome Beard.
Geography
Based in the remote north-west of Western Australia, the district includes the towns of Carnarvon, Coral Bay, Cue, Denham, Exmouth, Meekatharra, Mount Magnet, Onslow, Paraburdoo, Sandstone, Tom Price, Warburton, Wiluna and Yalgoo.
Members
Election results
See also
Division of Durack for the Australian House of Representatives, the largest Federal division by area
References
External links
North West Coastal
Gascoyne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20North%20West%20Central |
Grotz is a German language habitational surname for someone living by a pine forest. Notable people with the name include:
Jennifer Grotz (1971), American poet and translator
Zac Grotz (1993), American professional baseball pitcher
References
German-language surnames
German toponymic surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotz |
Koechlin is a Swiss-German and Alsatian surname. It may refer to:
Persons
Alphons Koechlin (1821–1893), Swiss politician and President of the Swiss Council of States (1874/1875)
André Koechlin (1789–1875), French industrialist and the railroad equipment maker
Charles Koechlin (1867-1950), French composer
Éric Koechlin (1950-2014), French slalom canoer
Jean Koechlin (born 1926), French botanist
Jorge Koechlin (born 1950), Peruvian racing driver and magazine publisher
Kalki Koechlin (born 1984) Indian actress of French parentage
Maurice Koechlin (1856–1946), French structural engineer
Pedro Koechlin von Stein, Peruvian politician and entrepreneur
Rudolf Koechlin (1862–1939), Austrian mineralogist
See also
Koechlin family, an Alsatian family
Koechlin Island, an island off the northeast coast of Adelaide Island, Antarctica | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koechlin |
Liver spots (also known as age spot, solar lentigo, "lentigo senilis", "old age spot", "senile freckle") are blemishes on the skin associated with aging and exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun. They range in color from light brown to red or black and are located in areas most often exposed to the sun, particularly the hands, face, shoulders, arms and forehead, and the scalp if bald.
The spots derive their name from the fact that they were once incorrectly believed to be caused by liver problems, but they are physiologically unrelated to the liver, save for a similar color. From the age of 40, the skin is less able to regenerate from sun exposure, and liver spots are very common in this age group, particularly in those who spend time in the sun.
In the overwhelming majority of cases, liver spots pose no threat and require no treatment, though they occasionally have been known to obscure the detection of skin cancer. However, despite being a benign condition, liver spots are sometimes considered unsightly and some people choose to have them removed. This can be done by electrosurgery, laser treatment, cryotherapy, or the use of depigmentation agents, such as hydroquinone, tretinoin, topical cysteamine, azelaic acid, or alpha hydroxy acids.
Causes
Differently from the melanotic nevi and the verrucous nevi on the skin, age spots change in color and in shape with time. Michelitsch and Michelitsch propose a hypothesis inspired by their misrepair-accumulation aging theory for the development of age spots. They propose that aged basal cells contain lipofuscin bodies that cannot be removed and might promote the aging of neighboring cells, generating a feedback loop that causes more and more neighbor cells to become aged and contain lipofuscins. Such cells might then aggregate into a spot with an irregular shape. They propose that the protrusion of a flat spot is a result of the death of aged cells in the spot and release of lipofuscin bodies. The aggregating cells would form a capsule, and the dense lipofuscin bodies make the protruding spot soft and dark in color. However, this proposal appeared as a preprint in 2015, has little direct empirical support, and has never been published in a peer reviewed journal.
Another group has reported that "age spots" taken from human skin biopsies of patients facial senile lentigo of Fitzpatrick skin type III or IV aged 55–62 are enriched with senescent fibroblasts compared to surrounding skin. The dark coloration appeared to be due to higher melanin levels and activity of tyrosinase in the senescent fibroblasts than in the controls, potentially related to lower SDF1 expression. Patients were then administered six weekly treatments of microneedle fractional radiofrequency aimed at eliminating dermal senescent fibroblasts; this led to a marked decrease in epidermal pigmentation compared to baseline, accompanied by a decrease in the synthesis of collagen and the normalization of suppressed SDF1 expression.
Treatment
Treatment for liver spots is almost never done for health-related reasons, though it is sometimes done for cosmetic ones. Skin-bleaching products that inhibit pigmentation or cosmetic creams containing the ingredients alpha hydroxy acids or retinoids are known to be effective. Liver spots can also be frozen off with liquid nitrogen; that is, via cryosurgery.
See also
Freckle
Lentigo
List of cutaneous conditions
References
External links
External signs of ageing
Melanocytic nevi and neoplasms
Human skin color | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver%20spot |
Robert Francis "Bob" Shea (September 11, 1924 – January 27, 2015) was an American professional basketball player. He played for the Providence Steamrollers in the Basketball Association of America during the 1946–47 season. He averaged 2.2 points and 0.1 assists per game.
Born in Mystic, Connecticut, Shea attended Stonington High School where he played football. When the school added a basketball team in 1939, he had never even held a basketball until he appeared at the try-out. After starring at Stonington, he attended the University of Rhode Island (known then as Rhode Island State College), playing basketball under coach Frank Keaney. Shea was the co-captain for the 1946 squad that lost the NIT championship game to Kentucky. He was inducted into the URI athletic hall of fame in 1979.
After college, Shea went on to play professionally for the Providence Steamrollers in the inaugural season of the Basketball Association of America, which a few years later became the National Basketball Association. On November 2, 1946, the BAA's opening night, Shea scored the first basket of the game against the Boston Celtics. He went on to play in 43 games that season, scoring 93 points.
While playing for Providence, Shea continued schooling and got his master's degree, and worked as a Social Studies teacher at Stonington High School for 35 years. He died in 2015 from complications of Parkinson's disease.
BAA career statistics
Regular season
References
External links
Bob Shea's Hall of Fame entry @ the University of Rhode Island
Obituary
1924 births
2015 deaths
Basketball players from Connecticut
Forwards (basketball)
Providence Steamrollers players
Rhode Island Rams men's basketball players
People from Mystic, Connecticut
American men's basketball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Shea |
Christopher Shane Berry is an American character actor best known for his roles in 12 Years a Slave (2013), The Walking Dead (2015) and Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017).
Early life and career
Christopher Berry was born in San Antonio, Texas and grew up in San Angelo, Texas. He studied acting under professional acting instructor John Dennis at LSU. He moved to New Orleans in 2009. Of his experience, Berry stated "New Orleans basically made me a full-time working actor...by just being frugal, I've managed to make a living at it, and not a bad living." He also credits it to getting connected to other professionals in the business such as Matthew McConaughey and Quentin Tarantino. Berry gained further recognition for his role on The Walking Dead as Negan's Scout and for uttering the famous line "Your property now belongs to Negan." Behind the scenes, Berry had come up with a name for his character (Bud) and a convincing backstory which many fans have taken as canon. He appeared in the film Spider-Man: Homecoming as one of the film's antagonists.
Personal life
Berry is a Texas Longhorns fan and considers Earl Campbell his favorite.
Filmography
References
External links
Living people
People from San Angelo, Texas
Year of birth missing (living people)
Male actors from Texas
Louisiana State University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Berry |
The is a small-sector private railway company operating a railway line in northern Saitama Prefecture, Japan. In addition to its railway operations, the company deals in the real estate and tourism industries. It managed the Mitsumine Ropeway (三峰ロープウェイ) until it closed in December 2007 and the Mikajiri Line until its closure in 2020.
Taiheiyo Cement is its largest shareholder, and one of Chichibu Railway's main operations is the transportation of limestone from Mount Bukō. The railway's passenger services concentrate on the tourism industry, as there are popular destinations along the line. A train hauled by a steam locomotive also operates regularly during some seasons, attracting tourists from around the country.
Lines
Railway lines
Chichibu Main Line: from to (passenger line)
Former Lines
Mikajiri Line (三ヶ尻線): from Takekawa Station to Kumagaya Kamotsu Terminal (freight line closed in 2020)
Aerial tramway lines
Mitsumine Ropeway at Mitsumineguchi (closed in December 2007)
History
8 November 1899 - Founded as Jōbu Railway (Headquartered in now-defunct Nihonbashi Ward, Tokyo City).
7 October 1901 - Started operations between Kumagaya and Yorii.
1916 - Company name changed to Chichibu Railway.
1921 - Started operations between Hokubu Railway's Hanyu Station and Gyoda Station (now Gyodashi Station).
1922 - Chichibu Railway acquired Hokubu Railway.
1930 - Started operations on the full line between Hanyu and Mitsumineguchi.
1954 - Started direct operations with the Tōbu Tōjō Line.
1980 - Headquarters moved to Kumagaya, Saitama.
1988 - Started operations of a steam locomotive-hauled train, the Paleo Express.
1989 - Started direct operations with Seibu Railway.
1997 - Moved bus operations to a separate entity, Chichibu Railway Sightseeing Bus Co., Ltd.
12 March 2022 - Start of fare collection with PASMO transit smartcard.
See also
Hodosan Ropeway
References
This article incorporates material from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia.
External links
Railway companies of Japan
Companies based in Saitama Prefecture
Japanese companies established in 1899
Railway companies established in 1899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichibu%20Railway |
Carmel School is a private Modern Orthodox Zionist Jewish school founded in in Perth, Western Australia. It offers Jewish religious and cultural education as well as conventional secular education for students from Kindergarten to Year 12 through a full-time primary school and a high school. It is the only Jewish day school in Western Australia.
Notable students include singer Troye Sivan and his brother and musician Tyde Levi.
History
The Perth Hebrew School, housed by the Perth Hebrew Congregation was the forerunner to Carmel School.
In 1957 a Jewish kindergarten was opened with 17 pupils, which led to the creation of Carmel School in 1959. Its first location was adjacent to the Brisbane Street synagogue, before moving to its current location in Yokine in 1962. The junior high school was opened in 1974 and in 1978 the senior high school was completed.
In November 2006 the school opened an Early Learning Centre which houses students from Kindergarten to Year 1.
Since 2008, the school has hosted annual meetings by The Australian Association for Religious Education entitled "Common History – Shared Future", which are "about Judaism [and] featuring some eminent Jewish educators and speakers from around the world".
In 2009, on the 80th birthday of Carmel School Life Member Harry Hoffman OAM, the school published a book about his life entitled Hate Never Sat at My Table. The author was then-principal Christina Dullard. In honour of Hoffman's (and the Korsunski's) philanthropic contributions to Carmel, in the same year the school was renamed H & S Hoffman and G Korsunski Carmel School.
On 13 September 2009 the Kadima Performing Arts Centre, a state-of-the-art building for drama and arts and media was opened. It also celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2009. In 2012, the drama theatre was named the Nassim Family Theatre, in lovely memory of Gladys Nassim at a cocktail evening. In 2017, the School hosted its first High School musical Little Shop of Horrors, in the Nassim Theatre to sell-out crowds.
The school has officially adopted The Jewish War Memorial (located on Fraser Avenue, Kings Park). It seeks to do research into the military servicemen. The school has also adopted the Memorial to the Victims of the Holocaust.
In 2010, the Ishioka and Lara Hana Brady, the subjects of the book Hana's Suitcase were invited to visit Carmel and speak about the Holocaust.
Relationship with community
Carmel School is at the heart of the Perth Jewish community and is situated in the same area as the Jewish Centre, Maccabi Grounds, The Maurice Zeffert Home, and other Jewish facilities. It upholds a relationship with all these places, as well as the synagogues located in Perth.
Religion
Hebrew and Jewish Studies are both WACE subjects which are taught to high school students, while various Judaica topics are taught to the younger students. Praying is compulsory every morning before school commences.
Debbie Posner is the Torah enrichment teacher, and Debbi Benn is the Head of Primary School Hebrew and Jewish Studies. Simon Lawrence is the Director of Jewish Studies for the School.
The entire campus has a No Meat policy and all food on site is encouraged to be in accordance with the kashrut laws.
Education
The school has no enrolment fee and a fee schedule for the School is available on request. The School's goal is for all Jewish children to be able to access a Carmel education and so it offers fee assistance where possible, on application.
In Australian Jewish high schools, Holocaust education is taught as part of the Jewish Studies curriculum under Contemporary Jewish History. A study of Jewish schools in Australia by Sophie E. Gelski entitled The Missing Paradigm, cited Dr Judith Berman's research Berman's 1998 and 2001 research, which focused on "the Jewish day school experience in Melbourne, Perth and Sydney, over a fifty year period". She noted that "although the time devoted to teaching the Holocaust had increased, it did vary between a one semester course at Carmel School".
School leaders
Mark Majzer has been President of the Board since 2021. Prior to that, Larry Rudman was the Board President.
Controversy
In 1996, a mother (who was a Reform Convert) sought to have the school accept her son for enrolment. A court case ensued in which,
The result of the Goldberg vs. Korsunski Carmel School case, delivered in 1999, was significant for all religious schools, as it effectively allowed "such school to discriminate in favour of members of that particular religion or creed, as long as the discrimination is in 'good faith'". The Equal Opportunity Tribunal defined 'good faith' as "in accordance with practices or beliefs of that religion or creed", and added that it was not required of the school to have to justify those practises or beliefs to "the outside world".
In 2008, a Carmel School science teacher committed suicide after being "linked to child sex-offense allegations". The 15-year-old was not a Carmel student. Lawyers involved in the case said the teacher had been led to believe the youth was 17, when in reality he was underage. The then Carmel School Board President told newspaper JTA "the school board had [already] decided to suspend him because of the allegations". He was not able to be formally notified as he "died the next day". His funeral was attended by over 500 people, including many Carmel students and teachers.
References
External links
Educational institutions established in 1959
Jews and Judaism in Western Australia
Junior School Heads Association of Australia Member Schools in Western Australia
Modern Orthodox Jewish day schools
Jewish schools in Perth, Western Australia
Private secondary schools in Perth, Western Australia
Private primary schools in Perth, Western Australia
1959 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmel%20School%2C%20Perth |
Luncke expedition (1957–1958) was an Antarctica expedition with a team led by the Norwegian Bernhard Luncke and based at Norway Station. The team conducted observations in meteorology, atmospheric science and glaciology. Extensive aerial photography was carried out and the resulting maps were published by the Norwegian Polar Institute. These findings are still used in some maps.
See also
List of Antarctic expeditions
References
1957 in Norway
1957 in Antarctica
Norway and the Antarctic
Antarctic expeditions
Expeditions from Norway
1958 in Norway
1958 in Antarctica | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luncke%20expedition |
Chichibu Tetsudo (秩父鉄道, -tetsudō) officially refers to:
Chichibu Railway, a Japanese railway company
However, it is often used in discourse to mean:
Chichibu Mainline, a railway line operated by Chichibu Railway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichibu%20Tetsudo |
Nicholas Berry may refer to:
Nic Berry (born 1984), Australian rugby union player
Nick Berry (born 1963), British actor and singer
Nicholas Berry (Daily Mail), corporate director Daily Mail and General Trust | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Berry |
The 1998 NASCAR Busch Series began on Saturday, February 14 and ended on Sunday, November 15. Dale Earnhardt Jr. of Dale Earnhardt, Inc. was crowned champion at season's end.
Teams and drivers
List of full-time teams at the start of 1998.
Races
NAPA Auto Parts 300
The NAPA Auto Parts 300 was held February 14 at Daytona International Speedway. Mike McLaughlin won the pole. The race was broadcast on CBS.
Top ten results
87-Joe Nemechek
4-Jeff Purvis
60-Mark Martin
00-Buckshot Jones
74-Randy LaJoie
17-Matt Kenseth
21-Michael Waltrip
88-Kevin Schwantz
12-Jimmy Spencer
10-Phil Parsons
Failed to qualify: Hank Parker Jr. (#78), Lyndon Amick (#35), Patty Moise (#14), Larry Pearson (#55), Ron Barfield Jr. (#2), Jimmy Foster (#50), Derrike Cope (#92), Blaise Alexander (#20), Doug Reid III (#97), Dale Shaw (#48), Lance Hooper (#23), Chris Diamond (#68), Mark Day (#16)
Dale Earnhardt Jr. had a blowover with Dick Trickle after Trickle turned him.
GM Goodwrench Service Plus 200
The GM Goodwrench Service Plus 200 was held February 21 at North Carolina Speedway. Tony Stewart won the pole. The race was broadcast on TNN.
Top ten results
17-Matt Kenseth
44-Tony Stewart
60-Mark Martin
9-Jeff Burton
34-Mike McLaughlin
66-Elliott Sadler
74-Randy LaJoie
72-Mike Dillon
37-Mark Green
57-Jason Keller
Failed to qualify: Patty Moise (#14), Jimmy Foster (#50), Dale Shaw (#48), Lance Hooper (#23), Ed Berrier (#77), J. D. Gibbs (#42), Kevin Cywinski (#11), Stanton Barrett (#89), Bobby Hillin Jr. (#8), Rick Fuller (#40), Michael Ritch (#58)
This was Kenseth's first career Busch Series victory.
Sam's Town Las Vegas 300
The Sam's Town Las Vegas 300 was held February 28 at Las Vegas Motor Speedway. Mark Martin won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
12-Jimmy Spencer
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
87-Joe Nemechek
9-Jeff Burton
32-Dale Jarrett
60-Mark Martin
72-Mike Dillon
00-Buckshot Jones
29-Hermie Sadler
77-Ed Berrier
Failed to qualify: Hank Parker Jr. (#78), Lyndon Amick (#35), Ron Barfield Jr. (#2), Chris Diamond (#68), Bobby Hillin Jr. (#8), Rick Fuller (#04), Dale Fischlein (#70), Brendan Gaughan (#31)
Randy LaJoie flipped on the final lap of the race.
BellSouth Mobility / Opryland 320
The BellSouth Mobility / Opryland 320 was held March 15 at Nashville Speedway USA. Casey Atwood won the pole, becoming the youngest pole winner in NASCAR Busch Series history. The race was broadcast on TNN.
Top ten results
34-Mike McLaughlin
28-Casey Atwood
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
74-Randy LaJoie
57-Jason Keller
87-Joe Nemechek
1-Sterling Marlin
33-Tim Fedewa
64-Dick Trickle
38-Elton Sawyer
Failed to qualify: Hank Parker Jr. (#78), Chris Diamond (#68), Mark Day (#16), Brad Loney (#45), Mike Stefanik (#96), Jeff Krogh (#56), Mark Krogh (#80), Derek Gilcrest (#12)
Diamond Hill Plywood 200
The Diamond Hill Plywood 200 was held March 21 at Darlington Raceway. Jeff Burton won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
44-Bobby Labonte
9-Jeff Burton
64-Dick Trickle
17-Matt Kenseth
66-Elliott Sadler
72-Mike Dillon
29-Hermie Sadler
34-Mike McLaughlin
59-Robert Pressley
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
Failed to qualify: Ron Barfield Jr. (#2), Jeff Fuller (#7), Patty Moise (#14), Jimmy Foster (#50), Dave Blaney (#93), Mike Stefanik (#96)
Moore's Snacks 250
The Moore's Snacks 250 was held March 28 at Bristol Motor Speedway. Dale Earnhardt Jr. won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
66-Elliott Sadler
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
17-Matt Kenseth
38-Elton Sawyer
57-Jason Keller
34-Mike McLaughlin
10-Phil Parsons
89-Stanton Barrett
99-Glenn Allen Jr.
14-Patty Moise
Failed to qualify: Robert Pressley (#59), Hank Parker Jr. (#78), Derrike Cope (#92), Kevin Schwantz (#88), Lyndon Amick (#35)
Coca-Cola 300
The Coca-Cola 300 was held April 4 at Texas Motor Speedway. Elliott Sadler won the pole. The race was broadcast on CBS.
Top ten results
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
66-Elliott Sadler
87-Joe Nemechek
10-Phil Parsons
56-Jeff Krogh
74-Randy LaJoie
37-Mark Green
17-Matt Kenseth
2-Jeff Green
9-Jeff Burton
Failed to qualify: Robert Pressley (#59), Hank Parker Jr. (#78), Dick Trickle (#64), Kevin Schwantz (#88), Mark Day (#16), Bobby Hillin Jr. (#8), Tom Lorenz (#62), Ted Smokstad (#48)
This was Dale Earnhardt Jr.'s first career Busch Series win.
Galaxy Food Centers 300
The final Galaxy Food Centers 300 was held April 11 at Hickory Motor Speedway. Robert Pressley won the pole. The race was broadcast on TNN.
Top ten results
77-Ed Berrier
29-Hermie Sadler
33-Tim Fedewa
72-Mike Dillon
17-Matt Kenseth
59-Robert Pressley
30-Mike Cope
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
85-Shane Hall
57-Jason Keller
Failed to qualify: Hank Parker Jr. (#78), Kevin Lepage (#40), Blaise Alexander (#20), Patty Moise (#14), Chris Diamond (#68), Johnny Chapman (#21), Johnny Rumley (#96), Shane Jenkins (#49), Randy Porter (#48), Eddie Beahr (#39)
This would be the first and only NASCAR victory of Berrier's career.
Touchstone Energy 300
The Touchstone Energy 300 was held April 25 at Talladega Superspeedway. Joe Nemechek won the pole. During the race, Dave Blaney
got spun around and flipped onto its side and slammed the wall with his roof.
He walked away. The race was broadcast on ABC.
Top ten results
87-Joe Nemechek
10-Phil Parsons
34-Mike McLaughlin
00-Buckshot Jones
64-Dick Trickle
99-Glenn Allen Jr.
78-Loy Allen Jr.
17-Matt Kenseth
36-Matt Hutter
38-Elton Sawyer
Failed to qualify: Patty Moise (#14), Doug Reid III (#7), Robert Pressley (#59), Mark Day (#16), Rick Wilson (#50)
Gumout Long Life Formula 200
The Gumout Long Life Formula 200 was held May 9 at New Hampshire International Speedway. Joe Bessey won the pole. The race was broadcast on TNN.
Top ten results
00-Buckshot Jones
44-Tony Stewart
40-Kevin Lepage
4-Jeff Purvis
74-Randy LaJoie
99-Glenn Allen Jr.
34-Mike McLaughlin
52-Kevin Grubb
59-Robert Pressley
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
Failed to qualify: Mike Olsen (#61), Joey McCarthy (#41), Tom Bolles (#76), Brian Simo (#03)
First Union 200
The First Union 200 was held May 17 at Nazareth Speedway. Dale Earnhardt Jr. won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
33-Tim Fedewa
4-Jeff Purvis
34-Mike McLaughlin
17-Matt Kenseth
6-Joe Bessey
77-Ed Berrier
57-Jason Keller
66-Elliott Sadler
99-Glenn Allen Jr.
13-Ted Christopher
Failed to qualify: none
Carquest Auto Parts 300
The Carquest Auto Parts 300 was held May 23 at Lowe's Motor Speedway. Bobby Labonte won the pole. The race was broadcast on TBS.
Top ten results
60-Mark Martin
87-Joe Nemechek
12-Jimmy Spencer
21-Michael Waltrip
17-Matt Kenseth
44-Bobby Labonte
34-Mike McLaughlin
38-Elton Sawyer
8-Bobby Hillin Jr.
29-Hermie Sadler
Failed to qualify: Derrike Cope (#92), Loy Allen Jr. (#78), Lyndon Amick (#35), Matt Hutter (#36), Blaise Alexander (#20), Mike Cope (#30), Kenny Irwin Jr. (#48), Kelly Denton (#75), Mark Krogh (#80), Andy Santerre (#47), Gary Laton (#46)
MBNA Platinum 200
The MBNA Platinum 200 was held May 30 at Dover International Speedway. Kevin Lepage won the pole. The race was broadcast on TNN.
Top ten results
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
8-Bobby Hillin Jr.
44-Tony Stewart
32-Dale Jarrett
34-Mike McLaughlin
59-Robert Pressley
10-Phil Parsons
38-Elton Sawyer
57-Jason Keller
21-Michael Waltrip
Failed to qualify: Bryan Wall (#73), Hal Browning (#46)
Hardee's 250
The Hardee's 250 was held June 5 at Richmond International Raceway. Wayne Grubb won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN2.
Top ten results
9-Jeff Burton
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
17-Matt Kenseth
83-Wayne Grubb
60-Mark Martin
57-Jason Keller
40-Kevin Lepage
64-Dick Trickle
52-Kevin Grubb
59-Robert Pressley
Failed to qualify: Dale Jarrett (#32), Jeff Krogh (#56), J. D. Gibbs (#42), Blaise Alexander (#20), Ted Christopher (#13), Derrike Cope (#92), Patty Moise (#14), Joey McCarthy (#41), Mike Laughlin Jr. (#45), Mike Olsen (#61), Derek Gilcrest (#12)
Lycos.com 250
The inaugural Lycos.com 250 was held June 14 at Pikes Peak International Raceway. Matt Kenseth won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
17-Matt Kenseth
10-Phil Parsons
74-Randy LaJoie
38-Elton Sawyer
4-Jeff Purvis
63-Curtis Markham
37-Mark Green
59-Ron Hornaday Jr.
30-Mike Cope
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
Failed to qualify: none
Lysol 200
The Lysol 200 was held June 28 at Watkins Glen International. Boris Said won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
87-Ron Fellows
34-Mike McLaughlin
9-Ashton Lewis
36-David Green
72-Mike Dillon
40-Jack Sprague
33-Tim Fedewa
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
2-Ricky Craven
57-Jason Keller
Failed to qualify: Mark Krogh (#80), John Preston (#55), Rick Bell (#78), Kat Teasdale (#54), Patty Moise (#14), Dale Quarterley (#32N)
With his victory, Fellows became the first Non-American winner in the NASCAR Busch series.
DieHard 250
The DieHard 250 was held July 5 at The Milwaukee Mile. Jeff Purvis won the pole. The race was broadcast on TNN.
Top ten results
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
38-Elton Sawyer
4-Jeff Purvis
36-David Green
17-Matt Kenseth
34-Mike McLaughlin
00-Buckshot Jones
33-Tim Fedewa
6-Joe Bessey
74-Randy LaJoie
Failed to qualify: none
Myrtle Beach 250
The Myrtle Beach 250 was held July 11 at Myrtle Beach Speedway. Tim Fedewa won the pole. The race was broadcast on TNN.
Top ten results
74-Randy LaJoie
36-David Green
34-Mike McLaughlin
35-Lyndon Amick
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
33-Tim Fedewa
6-Joe Bessey
17-Matt Kenseth
37-Mark Green
66-Elliott Sadler
Failed to qualify: Bobby Hillin Jr. (#8), Kevin Prince (#90), Johnny Chapman (#73), Blaise Alexander (#20), Patty Moise (#14), Jimmy Foster (#50), Mark Krogh (#80), Eddie Beahr (#39)
Kenwood Home & Car Audio 300
The Kenwood Home & Car Audio 300 was held July 19 at California Speedway. Robert Pressley won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
40-Kevin Lepage
17-Matt Kenseth
10-Phil Parsons
36-David Green
4-Jeff Purvis
66-Elliott Sadler
56-Mark Krogh
6-Joe Bessey
72-Mike Dillon
Failed to qualify: none
Lycos.com 300 Presented by Valleydale Foods
The Lycos.com 300 Presented by Valleydale Foods was held July 25 at South Boston Speedway. Dale Earnhardt Jr. won the pole. The race was broadcast on TNN.
Top ten results
33-Tim Fedewa
74-Randy LaJoie
34-Mike McLaughlin
36-David Green
30-Todd Bodine
63-Curtis Markham
66-Elliott Sadler
85-Shane Hall
35-Lyndon Amick
59-Kevin Lepage
Failed to qualify: Kevin Prince (#90), Ashton Lewis (#89), Mark Krogh (#80), Jeff Krogh (#56), Jim Bown (#78), Toby Robertson (#12), Patty Moise (#14), Kelly Denton (#75), Johnny Chapman (#73), Casey Atwood (#27)
Kroger 200
The Kroger 200 was held July 31 at Indianapolis Raceway Park. Buckshot Jones won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
66-Elliott Sadler
00-Buckshot Jones
74-Randy LaJoie
36-David Green
17-Matt Kenseth
21-Mike Bliss
38-Elton Sawyer
15-Mike Wallace
8-Bobby Hillin Jr.
Failed to qualify: Brad Noffsinger (#43), Mark McFarland (#82), Mark Day (#16), Stevie Reeves (#54), Kenneth Nichols (#94)
This race marked the debut of Jimmie Johnson in NASCAR.
Pepsi 200 presented by Devilbiss
The Pepsi 200 presented by Devilbiss was held August 15 at Michigan International Speedway. Jeff Burton won the pole. This would be the last time that all drivers were still running at the end of the race until the Sparks 300 at Talladega Superspeedway in 2022. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
9-Jeff Burton
44-Bobby Labonte
17-Matt Kenseth
40-Kevin Lepage
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
60-Mark Martin
8-Bobby Hillin Jr.
38-Elton Sawyer
21-Michael Waltrip
12-Rick Mast
Failed to qualify: Dave Blaney (#93), Dale Fischlein (#70), J. D. Gibbs (#42), Kevin Schwantz (#88), Lyndon Amick (#35), Gary Laton (#46), Casey Atwood (#27)
Food City 250
The Food City 250 was held August 21 at Bristol Motor Speedway. Steve Grissom won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
40-Kevin Lepage
10-Phil Parsons
32-Dale Jarrett
30-Todd Bodine
33-Tim Fedewa
15-Ken Schrader
83-Wayne Grubb
00-Buckshot Jones
4-Nathan Buttke
36-David Green
Failed to qualify: Michael Waltrip (#21), Lyndon Amick (#35), Greg Marlowe (#78), Mark Day (#16)
Dura-Lube 200 Presented by BI-LO
The Dura-Lube 200 presented by BI-LO was held September 5 at Darlington Raceway. Mike McLaughlin won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
64-Dick Trickle
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
34-Mike McLaughlin
40-Kevin Lepage
30-Todd Bodine
17-Matt Kenseth
32-Dale Jarrett
60-Mark Martin
59-Robert Pressley
15-Ken Schrader
Failed to qualify: Jeff Green (#92), Kelly Denton (#75), Ron Barfield Jr. (#2)
With his victory, Trickle became the oldest winner in Busch Series history, at the age of 56 years, 1 month, and 32 days.
Autolite Platinum 250
The Autolite Platinum 250 was held September 11 at Richmond International Raceway. Andy Santerre won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
9-Jeff Burton
12-Jimmy Spencer
17-Matt Kenseth
30-Todd Bodine
4-Jeff Purvis
40-Kevin Lepage
64-Dick Trickle
99-Glenn Allen Jr.
47-Andy Santerre
Failed to qualify: Bobby Hamilton Jr. (#95), Dave Rezendes (#78), Casey Atwood (#50), Kevin Schwantz (#88), Ward Burton (#14), Mark Krogh (#80), Mario Gosselin (#71), Ted Christopher (#13), Mark McFarland (#82), J. D. Gibbs (#42)
Steve Grissom qualified for Jimmy Spencer.
MBNA Gold 200
The MBNA Gold 200 was held September 19 at Dover International Speedway. Kevin Grubb won the pole. The race was broadcast on TNN.
Top ten results
17-Matt Kenseth
52-Kevin Grubb
38-Elton Sawyer
34-Mike McLaughlin
30-Todd Bodine
93-Dave Blaney
4-Jeff Purvis
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
2-Ricky Craven
21-Michael Waltrip
Failed to qualify: none
Tracy Leslie replaced Hal Browning in the #46 in the race.
All Pro Bumper to Bumper 300
The All Pro Bumper to Bumper 300 was held October 3 at Charlotte Motor Speedway. Dave Blaney won the pole. The race was broadcast on TBS.
Top ten results
34-Mike McLaughlin
17-Matt Kenseth
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
12-Jimmy Spencer
00-Buckshot Jones
9-Jeff Burton
40-Kevin Lepage
92-Todd Bodine
4-Jeff Purvis
1-Sterling Marlin
Failed to qualify: Bobby Hillin Jr. (#8), Patty Moise (#14), Toby Porter (#91), Ashton Lewis (#89), Kelly Denton (#75), Jeff Green (#92), Lance Hooper (#23), Jim Bown (#51), Jason Jarrett (#11), Lyndon Amick (#35), Kevin Grubb (#43), Kerry Earnhardt (#04), Matt Hutter (#24), Wayne Grubb (#83), Andy Santerre (#47), Hank Parker Jr. (#53)
Carquest Auto Parts 250
The Carquest Auto Parts 250 was held October 17 at Gateway International Raceway. Shane Hall won the pole. The race was broadcast on CBS.
Top ten results
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
17-Matt Kenseth
4-Jeff Purvis
47-Andy Santerre
44-Tony Stewart
93-Dave Blaney
74-Randy LaJoie
85-Shane Hall
30-Todd Bodine
40-Kevin Lepage
Failed to qualify: Tracy Leslie (#2), Joey McCarthy (#41), Eric Bodine (#1), Melvin Walen (#58), J. D. Gibbs (#42)
AC Delco 200
The AC Delco 200 was held October 31 at North Carolina Speedway. Tony Stewart won the pole. The race was broadcast on TNN.
Top ten results
66-Elliott Sadler
40-Kevin Lepage
29-Hermie Sadler
52-Kevin Grubb
84-Philip Morris
53-Hank Parker Jr.
72-Mike Dillon
8-Bobby Hillin Jr.
33-Tim Fedewa
63-Curtis Markham
Failed to qualify: Tracy Leslie (#97), J. D. Gibbs (#42), Jeff Green (#92), Mike Wallace (#50), Bryan Wall (#73), Scott Hansen (#09), Lyndon Amick (#35), Matt Hutter (#55), Ted Christopher (#13), Chuck Bown (#51), Jeff Finley (#79), Mark Day (#16)
Stihl 300
The Stihl 300 was originally scheduled for March 1998 but was held November 7 at Atlanta Motor Speedway after it and the Winston Cup Series Primestar 500 were both rained out. Dick Trickle won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
60-Mark Martin
3-Dale Earnhardt Jr.
44-Tony Stewart
17-Matt Kenseth
00-Buckshot Jones
52-Kevin Grubb
87-Joe Nemechek
10-Phil Parsons
21-Michael Waltrip
15-Ken Schrader
Failed to qualify: Tracy Leslie (#97), Lyndon Amick (#35), Hut Stricklin (#92), Gary Bradberry (#86), Curtis Markham (#89), Randy MacDonald (#7), Nathan Buttke (#78), Ken Bouchard (#50), Jeff Finley (#79), Morgan Shepherd (#07)
Jiffy Lube Miami 300
The Jiffy Lube Miami 300 was held November 15 at Homestead-Miami Speedway. Casey Atwood won the pole. The race was broadcast on ESPN.
Top ten results
9-Jeff Burton
12-Jimmy Spencer
60-Mark Martin
17-Matt Kenseth
36-David Green
93-Dave Blaney
26-Johnny Benson
99-Glenn Allen Jr.
74-Randy LaJoie
33-Tim Fedewa
Failed to qualify: Chuck Bown (#92), Ted Christopher (#13), Jeff Krogh (#56), Patty Moise (#14), John Preston (#89), Nathan Buttke (#78), Kevin Schwantz (#88), Morgan Shepherd (#07), Philip Morris (#84), Hank Parker Jr. (#53), Lyndon Amick (#35), Freddie Query (#7), Gus Wasson (#49), Mark Krogh (#80)
Full Drivers' Championship
(key) Bold – Pole position awarded by time. Italics – Pole position set by owner's points. * – Most laps led.
Rookie of the Year
Andy Santerre, being the only full-time candidate for Rookie of the Year, walked away with the title after finishing 20th in points. 2nd-place-finisher Dave Blaney made his Busch Series debut in 1998, posting three sixth-place finishes over a 20-race stretch. He would be followed by Blaise Alexander, then Wayne and Kevin Grubb, both of whom grabbed their first career pole positions during the season. 18-year-old Casey Atwood ran a part-time schedule in an undeclared season but finished 38th in points. The next two competitors were Mike Cope and Matt Hutter, teammates at Cicci-Welliver Racing but released after a lack of performance. Part-time drivers Lance Hooper, Jason Jarrett, and MotoGP legend Kevin Schwantz rounded out the rookie class of 1998.
See also
1998 NASCAR Winston Cup Series
1998 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series
External links
Busch Series standings and statistics for 1998
NASCAR Xfinity Series seasons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20NASCAR%20Busch%20Series |
Peter John Batchelor (born 21 September 1950) is an Australian former politician who served as an Australian Labor Party member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly seat of Thomastown from 1990 until 2010.
Batchelor was born in western Sydney. He attended Beaumaris High School. His grandmother reportedly once held a 50-year-plus record as the longest card-carrying member of the ALP.
Career
Member, Parliament of Victoria
Batchelor was elected in a 1990 by-election to the district of Thomastown following the death of Beth Gleeson.
His parliamentary roles are listed as follows.
Shadow Minister for Public Transport 1992-96.
Manager of Opposition Business 1995-99.
Shadow Minister for Transport 1996-99.
Manager, Government Business in the Legislative Assembly October 1999-November 2010.
Minister for Transport October 1999-December 2006.
Minister for Major Projects 2002-05.
Minister for Energy and Resources December 2006-December 2010.
Manager of Government Business Legislative Assembly December 2006-November 2010.
Minister for Victorian Communities December 2006-August 2007.
Minister for Community Development August 2007-January 2010.
Minister for the Arts January 2010-December 2010.
As Transport Minister, Batchelor oversaw the $750 million Regional Fast Rail project. In 2000, the State Government approved funding to upgrade rail lines to provide fast rail passenger services between Melbourne and Ballarat, Bendigo, Geelong and Traralgon.
As Minister for Energy and Resources, Batchelor initiated the roll-out of smart meters to 2.5 million homes and businesses. The roll-out of smart meters was reportedly to assist with consumer choice on electricity providers and to help manage climate change. However, the roll-out was stopped when the budget blew-out from $800 million to $2 billion. The roll-out was completed under the Andrews Government in 2015.
According to Melbourne public transport academic Paul Mees, Batchelor "was staunchly against privatisation when in opposition and then continued with privatisation and reprivatisation in government.
On 7 October 2010 Batchelor announced, he would not re-contest his seat at the 2010 state election. He retired at that election. Dorothy, his partner, was also reported to be retiring from work.
Other roles
Prior to entering politics, Batchelor was a union official at Furnishing Trades Union, 1972-1982. From 1983 to 1990, he was ALP Victorian branch state secretary.
In February, 2012, Batchelor was appointed President of the Community Broadcasting Foundation. The Foundation, based in Melbourne, is the independent funding body annually distributing over $15m of federal grants to 220 Australian community based media organisations.
Campaign disputes
Reportedly, Batchelor "helped organise and distribute bogus how-to-vote cards for the Nuclear Disarmament Party" (sic) during the 1985 Nunawading by-election. which appeared to represent the recommended voting preferences of the Nuclear Disarmament Party. Campaigning for nuclear disarmament was popular in left-wing politics during the 1980s. Police investigated the matter and Batchelor was not charged with any criminal offence.
In 2016, Batchelor was filmed removing a Greens election banner and replacing it with ALP election material in the seat of Batman. It was claimed that Greens election campaigners had blanketed polling booths with their material leaving no space for other campaigners.
References
External links
Parliamentary biography
1950 births
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Victoria
Living people
Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly
21st-century Australian politicians
Politicians from Sydney
Ministers for the Arts (Victoria)
Ministers for Energy and Resources (Victoria) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Batchelor |
A film laboratory is a commercial service enterprise and technical facility for the film industry where specialists develop, print, and conform film material for classical film production and distribution which is based on film material, such as negative and positive, black and white and color, on different film formats: 65-70mm, 35mm, 28mm, 16mm, 9.5mm, 8mm. The film laboratory managers can charge by the footage or by time used while in lab.
History
In the early days of motion pictures, films were processed by winding on flat racks and then dipping in tanks of solution. As films became longer, such methods proved to be too cumbersome.
Processes
Exposed motion picture film will be processed according to exact chemical prescriptions at measured temperature as well as over measured time.
After processing there is an original, the camera or picture original, in most cases a negative. From it a first sample is exposed on a motion-picture film printer. Again after processing there is a positive ready for inspection by the production representatives, usually by projection in the dark just like one sees a movie in a theatre.
The film lab thus needs various apparatus from developing equipment and machines, over measuring tools, cutting, editing devices, and printers to different sorts of viewing machinery including classic projectors. Besides there are sensitometers, densitometers, analysers, and array of chemical laboratory items that will help maintaining a level of repeatability of operations. Auxiliary material is also encountered within a film laboratory, for example leader film, plain plastic, to keep a developing machine threaded up.
References
Other Resources
FIAF List of Photochemical Film Labs From Around the World
Film production | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film%20laboratory |
Tanah Lot (Balinese: ) is a rock formation off the Indonesian island of Bali. It is home to the ancient Hindu pilgrimage temple Pura Tanah Lot (literally "Tanah Lot temple"), a popular tourist and cultural icon for photography.
Tanah Lot temple
Tanah Lot means "Land [in the] Sea" in the Balinese language. Located in Tabanan, about northwest of Denpasar, the temple sits on a large offshore rock which has been shaped continuously over the years by the ocean tide.
Tanah Lot is claimed to be the work of the 16th-century Dang Hyang Nirartha. During his travels along the south coast he saw the rock-island's beautiful setting and decided to rest there. Some fishermen saw him, and bought him gifts. Nirartha then spent the night on the little island. Later he spoke to the fishermen and told them to build a shrine on the rock, for he felt it to be a holy place to worship the Balinese sea gods. The main deity of the temple is Dewa Baruna or Bhatara Segara, who is the sea god or sea power and these days, Nirartha is also worshipped here.
The Tanah Lot temple was built and has been a part of Balinese mythology for centuries. The temple is one of seven sea temples around the Balinese coast. Each of the sea temples was established within eyesight of the next to form a chain along the south-western coast. In addition to Balinese mythology, the temple was significantly influenced by Hinduism.
At the base of the rocky island, venomous sea snakes are believed to guard the temple from evil spirits and intruders. The temple is purportedly protected by a giant snake, which was created from Nirartha's selendang (a type of sash) when he established the island.
Restoration
In 1980, the temple's rock face was starting to crumble and the area around and inside the temple started to become dangerous. The Japanese government then provided a loan to the Indonesian government of Rp 800 billion (approximately US$480 million) to conserve the historic temple and other significant locations around Bali. As a result, over one-third of Tanah Lot's "rock" is actually cleverly disguised artificial rock created during the Japanese-funded and supervised renovation and stabilization program.
Tourism
Entrance tickets cost 20,000 rupiah for Indonesian nationals (Rp 15,000 for children), but foreigners have to pay three times the price, or Rp 60,000 (Rp 30,000 for children). To reach the temple, visitors must walk through a set of Balinese market-format souvenir shops which cover each side of the path down to the sea. On the mainland clifftops, restaurants have also been provided for tourists.
Location
This tourist attraction is located in Beraban, Kediri, Tabanan, approximately 13 kilometers (8 miles) south of Tabanan.
See also
Indonesian architecture
Hindu temple architecture
Notes
References
External links
Tourist attractions in Bali
Tabanan Regency
Hindu temples in Indonesia
Archaeological sites in Indonesia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah%20Lot |
Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell (13 September 1750, in Weilburg – 24 February 1823, in Munich) was a German landscape gardener from Weilburg an der Lahn. He is regarded as the founder of the English gardens in Germany, which he introduced to the German experts with his writings on garden design. His manner of grouping and choice of plants is still used to an extent in German landscaping today.
Career
Sckell was trained in the Court Market Garden in Schwetzingen near Mannheim and worked after his apprenticeship in Bruchsal, Paris, and Versailles. From 1773 to 1777, he was in England busying himself with English-style gardening. Upon his return, Sckell redesigned the gardens of Schönbusch Park in Aschaffenburg for the Prince-Electors of Mainz and Archbishop Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal in the English style, as well as those of Schöntal Park. Afterwards he was responsible for the beginning of the Schwetzinger Gardens as a scenic park, and along with Benjamin Thompson, was commissioned by Prince Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria in 1789 to begin the Englischer Garten in Munich.
In the time following the Englischer Garten, Sckell spent a short time in service of the rulers of Baden, before he was called back in 1803 to Munich, where, as the Director of Royal Gardens, he completed the Englischer Garten. He then transformed the regular garden of Nymphenburg Park into a more scenic arrangement.
As a landscape gardener, Sckell was also responsible for beginning the castle gardens at Biebrich and Oppenweiler, and possibly those at Dirmstein as well.
In 1808, Sckell received the title Knight of Sckell, which added the "von" to his name. He died in 1823 in Munich as a Court Garden Director, and was buried in the Alter Südfriedhof there. A monument in the Englischer Garten was erected in his honor.
See also
The House of Sckell
Notes
References
The information in this article is based on a translation of its German equivalent.
Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell: Beiträge zur bildenden Gartenkunst für angehende Gartenkünstler. 2. Nachdruck der 2. Auflage von 1825, Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft (Grüne Reihe - Quellen und Forschungen zur Gartenkunst Band 05), Worms, 1998,
Volker Hannwacker: Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell. Der Begründer des Landschaftsgarten in Deutschland. Deutsche Verlag-Anstalt, Stuttgart, 1992,
External links
1750 births
1823 deaths
18th-century German people
19th-century German people
German gardeners
German landscape architects
German untitled nobility
People from Weilburg
Burials at the Alter Südfriedhof | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Ludwig%20von%20Sckell |
Søren Berg (born 15 May 1976) is a retired Danish professional footballer.
He has been capped twice for the Denmark national football team.
Club career
Berg was born in Odense, Denmark and started his career at Danish amateur clubs, before he moved to top-flight club Odense BK in the Danish Superliga in 2000. Playing as either a right winger or striker, he was part of the Odense team that won the 2002 Danish Cup, and he made his debut for the Danish national team in April 2003. After a successful 2005–06 season, where he was called up for his second Danish national team game in March 2006, he attracted the interest of Norwegian team Viking FK. He was spotted in Stavanger by a journalist, where he received a contract offer from the Norwegian club. On 6 June 2006, it was reported that Berg had accepted the contract offer. and the club confirmed the signing three days later.
Randers FC
However, in the 2007–08 season, in January, Berg decided to move back to Denmark because he liked the Danish play style better than the style in Norway. He signed a three-year binding contract with the Danish SAS liga club Randers FC.
Berg made his first appearance for Randers in the Danish Cup quarter finals where he was in the starting line forming an attack duo with the also newly arrived teammate Marc Nygaard but was forced off the pitch soon after the start whistle due to an injury in his back. However the injury was not serious and Berg was back on the field the next week.
Berg scored his first goal for Randers FC on 19 April 2009. Despite criticism from the media, stating that Berg had not fulfilled the high expectations that was given to him after his transfer to Randers FC, he succeeded in scoring the winning goal against Brondby IF in a 2–1 victory. This result placed Randers FC at sixth place in the Danish Superliga.
AGF
On 7 December 2010, Berg signed a contract for two years with AGF.
FC Vestsjælland
In January 2013, Berg signed a -year contract with FC Vestsjælland.
In his first season with FCV, the club got promoted to the Danish Superliga.
Honours
Danish Cup: 2002
References
External links
Career stats
1976 births
Living people
Footballers from Odense
Danish men's footballers
Denmark men's international footballers
Odense Boldklub players
Viking FK players
Randers FC players
Aarhus Gymnastikforening players
FC Vestsjælland players
Danish Superliga players
Eliteserien players
Danish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Danish expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Men's association football forwards
Men's association football midfielders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8ren%20Berg |
For The Apprentice (UK) candidate, see Katie Hopkins
Cathy Hopkins (born January 23, 1953) is an English writer with over 70 published titles. She has written for fiction for children, teens and adults.
Early life
Hopkins was born in Manchester, but lived in Kenya from the age of five until she was eleven and her family returned to England. She also sang with a rock and roll band named Driving Rock and the Rockettes, which toured local colleges and universities as the warm-up band to groups such as Wizard and The Average White Band.
Her late father wrote under the name Billy Hopkins. His titles include Our Kid, Kate's Story, High Hopes, Going Places, Anything Goes, Whatever Next, Tommy's World and Big Mama.
Books
Hopkins started writing books in 1987, collaborating with cartoonist Gray Jolliffe on a series of humour books. She has had over 70 books published, many in 33 countries, including the Mates, Dates series, the Truth, Dare, Kiss or Promise series, the Cinnamon Girl series (published by Piccadilly Press) and the Zodiac Girls series (published by Kingfisher/Macmillan Publishers) and the Million Dollar Mates series published by Simon and Schuster. She also wrote four stand alone novels for teenagers which are ''Holy Moley, I'm a Dead Dude'' for Chickenhouse, Playlist for a Broken Heart and Love At Second Sight and A Home for Shimmer for Simon and Schuster. Cathy started writing for the older market with her first novel for adults which was published in March 2017 by HarperCollins and is called The Kicking the Bucket List. Her second title, Dancing Over The Hill, was published in January 2018 and her third novel titled Blast From the Past was published in February 2019. Her fourth book for Harpercollins, A Vintage Friendship, was published as a e book in August 2020 and was followed by the paperback in February 2021
Cathy Hopkins was shortlisted for the Queen of Teen award in 2010.<ref>Katie Allen,
Published by Harpercollins:The Kicking the Bucket List (2017)
Dancing over the Hill (2018)
Blast From the Past (2019)
A Vintage Friendship (2020)Published by Piccadilly Press:'Mates, Dates seriesMates, Dates and Inflatable Bras (2001)Mates, Dates and Cosmic Kisses (2001)Mates, Dates and Portobello Princesses (US title Mates, Dates, and Designer Divas) (2001)Mates, Dates and Sleepover Secrets (2002)Mates, Dates and Sole Survivors (2002)Mates, Dates and Mad Mistakes (2003)Mates, Dates and Pulling Power (US title Mates, Dates, and Sequin Smiles) (2003)Mates, Dates and Tempting Trouble (2004)Mates, Dates and Great Escapes (2004)Mates, Dates and Chocolate Cheats (2005)Mates, Dates and Diamond Destiny (2005)Mates, Dates and Sizzling Summers (2007)Mates, Dates and Saving the Planet (2008)Mates, Dates and Flirting (2008)Mates, Dates: The Secret Story (2009)The Mates, Dates Guide to Life, Love and Looking Luscious (2005)
3-in-1 books Mates, Dates Utterly Fabulous (books 1 - 3) (2008)Mates, Dates Perfectly Divine (books 4 - 6) (2008)Mates, Dates Absolutely Amazing (books 7-9) (2009)Mates, Dates Strictly Gorgeous (books 10-12) (Releases in June 2010)
Truth, Dare, Kiss or Promise seriesWhite Lies and Barefaced Truths (2002) Pop Princess (2002) Teen Queens and Has-Beens (2003) Double Dare (2004)Starstruck (2005) Midsummer Meltdown (2005) Love Lottery (2006) All Mates Together (2006)
Cinnamon Girl seriesThis Way to Paradise (2007)Starting Over (2007)Looking for a Hero (2008)Expecting to Fly (2009)
Published by Macmillan
Zodiac Girl seriesFrom Geek to Goddess (2007) GeminiRecipe for Rebellion (2007) SagittariusDiscount Diva (2007) TaurusBrat Princess (2007) LeoStar Child (2008) VirgoDouble Trouble (2009) ScorpioDancing Queen (2009) AriesBridesmaids' Club'' (2009) Libra
Published by Simon and Schuster
Million Dollar Mates series
Playlist for a Broken Heart
Love at Second Sight
A Home for Shimmer
Published by Barrington Stoke:
Mum Never Did Learn to Knock
The Valentine's Day Kitten
References
External links
Cathy Hopkins page on the Publisher's website
Interview of Cathy Hopkins: 'I wanted to up the glam stakes a bit'
1953 births
Living people
English writers
Writers from Manchester
British writers of young adult literature
English women novelists
Women writers of young adult literature | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathy%20Hopkins |
The Daegu Shinmun is a local daily newspaper in Daegu, South Korea. Like most of the country's newspapers, it publishes exclusively in Korean. The headquarters are located in Dongin-dong, Jung-gu, above the Sincheon. The paper is distributed throughout Daegu and the surrounding province of Gyeongsangbuk-do, and covers national and regional events as well as local affairs.
See also
List of newspapers
External links
Official site
Daily newspapers published in South Korea
Mass media in Daegu | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daegu%20Shinmun |
This is a list of mayors of Regensburg. It includes the First Mayors (Erster Bürgermeister) and Lord Mayors of Regensburg (Oberbürgermeister der Stadt Regensburg) since 1811/1818.
Regensburg
Politics of Bavaria
Bavaria-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mayors%20of%20Regensburg |
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