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Tony Warriner is a video game designer, programmer and co-founder of Revolution Software. At a young age he started playing adventure games, when they were just text adventures. He wrote his first game, Obsidian, while he was at school and sent it to Artic Computing for consideration. Artic's director, Charles Cecil, loved the game and convinced him to license it to Artic, and then to join Artic as a programmer. At Artic he wrote, together with Adam Waring, Ultima Ratio which was published in 1987 by Firebird. In the same year he got a job at Cecil's Paragon Programming, where games from US publishers were converted to European platforms. When Cecil had left to work for U.S. Gold, Warriner started doing 8-bit programming for games. In 1988 he created Death Stalker, published by Codemasters. In the same year he joined Cascade Games, where he worked on 19 Part One: Boot Camp, Arcade Trivia Quiz, and Arcade Trivia Quiz Question Creator. In 1989 Warriner moved to Bytron Aviation Systems based in Kirmington, Lincolnshire, where he wrote software for the aviation industry, David Sykes was his fellow programmer.
In March 1990 Cecil, Sykes, Noirin Carmody and Warriner founded Revolution Software. For their first game he wrote an innovative engine, called Virtual Theatre, which enabled the gameworld to be more active and dynamic than was previously possible. The game's title became Lure of the Temptress and it was published in 1992. It was followed by a string of other critically and commercially successful adventure games, including Beneath a Steel Sky, the Broken Sword series, In Cold Blood and Gold and Glory: The Road to El Dorado. Beneath a Steel Sky and Broken Sword: The Shadow of the Templars are often both referred to as one of the best adventures of all time, appearing on numerous "top" adventure game lists and receiving several awards and nominations. Warriner (with others) received a nomination for Broken Sword: The Sleeping Dragon at the Game Developers Choice Awards in 2004 and for Broken Sword: Shadow of the Templars - The Director’s Cut at the British Academy Video Games Awards in 2010.
With Steve Ince he began to explore new ideas and in 2006 he founded 720games to publish their own gaming projects. In the same year he presented his game Blocster, a single player puzzle game.
Besides his work on new editions of Beneath a Steel Sky and the first two Broken Sword Games (2009/2010), he worked on various games that weren't developed by Revolution, including A Christmas Carol and Sticky Blocks. Warriner is currently working at Shifty Eye Games, and writing a Metroidvania game on the side.
Biography
Early career
In his youth Tony Warriner started playing adventures when they were just text adventures. Games like the original Unix Adventure, Zork and the Level 9 games were rich experiences for him and would inspire his future career. Still at school, he learned how to program and he started to write a game in assembly code. He succeeded to complete a game by himself, failed all his exams in the process, but he managed to get a job with the game.
That job was at Artic Computing, a company where Charles Cecil, upcoming co-founder of Revolution, had already been working for a couple of years during his studies. Warriner lived close to where Artic was based (Brandesburton, near Hull) and, about seventeen years old, he had sent in his game for consideration. In the game, Obsidian, the avatar moves around in a jet-pack to fix power terminals in a space station, while picking up items and avoiding the defenses of the station. Cecil, who considered it to be brilliant, convinced him to have it published by Artic. Warriner then came to work for Artic (1985). The cassette tape game was released for the Amstrad CPC in 1986. His next game, which he wrote together with Adam Waring, was Ultima Ratio, a vertical scrolling arcade shoot 'em up, set in space above the earth. Like Obsidian it exhibits colorful rooms that were typical for his early designs. Because Artic was already coming to an end, the game was finished for Telecomsoft and published in 1987 by Firebird.
In the same year he got a new job at Paragon Programming, started by Cecil, and at Paragon various games were converted to other platforms. When Cecil went to work for U.S. Gold, Warriner drifted around for some time, doing 8-bit games programming here and there. One of the games he created in this period was Death Stalker. The arcade adventure is set in a mystical world of ghouls, spells and wizards, in which the player must find the lost key of darkness and descend to the deeper dungeons. Death Stalker, with music by David Whittaker, was published by Codemasters in 1988.
In 1988 Warriner joined Cascade Games, where he worked on 19 Part One: Boot Camp (1988). Other games he worked on were Arcade Trivia Quiz and Arcade Trivia Quiz Question Creator, published by Zeppelin Games in 1989. In 1989 Warriner moved to Bytron where he wrote aviation software. David Sykes, who would become co-founder of Revolution, was his fellow programmer at Bytron, where they worked on a system to replace the strips of paper that were used in the towers at airports. The system was the first in the world to computerize those and, coming from the 8-bit gaming scene, they had no option but to encode their initials in the messages.
Revolution Software
Warriner didn't stay long at Bytron, as he was contacted by Cecil in 1989, who wanted to set up his own studio. Together with Sykes and Cecil's then-girlfriend Noirin Carmody they founded Revolution Software (March 1990). Warriner would stay a member (and co-owner) of the company till the present day. He would focus primarily on programming, but he also became involved in design, for which he is credited in various games.
In March 1990, in an office located in Hull, he began to work on what would become Revolution's first game, Lure of the Temptress (1992). Warriner designed an innovative engine for the game, called Virtual Theatre, which was in some respects more versatile than the game engines used by LucasArts and Sierra at that time. One of its new features was that it allowed the in-game characters, instead of being static NPCs, to wander around the game world independently of each other, living their own lives and doing their own thing. The game became, critically as well as commercially, one of the many successful games that would follow.
The next games he worked on were Beneath a Steel Sky (1994), Broken Sword: The Shadow of the Templars (1996) and Broken Sword II: The Smoking Mirror (1997). The typical Virtual Theatre features shown in Lure of the Temptress were scaled back in Beneath a Steel Sky, as they were hard to design for and more suitable to RPGs. New features were added to Steel Sky though, such as an object-oriented system, a new conversation system and a sophisticated, separate conversation editor. The cinematic Broken Sword games included more scripted events, cutscenes and parallax scrolling, as well as a new user interface and a conversation system with subject icons that didn't reveal what the main character was going to say. Though it was released only a year after the original game, Broken Sword II added more technical advances. The sequel included an Easter egg for the first time in Revolution's games, and a couple of years later Warriner revealed that the port of Broken Sword: The Shadow of the Templars to the Game Boy Advance would include – unlike the PC version - an Easter egg as well. The biggest change in the GBA version is the control interface that replaced the point-and-click method by direct control. The original games used a version of the Virtual Theatre engine, which was updated frequently.
He continued to work on all the games that would be published in the next decade. As In Cold Blood (2000) was the first one of the 3D games that would follow, he had to write new functionality to the game engine, and he worked on story design as well. In the same year Gold and Glory: The Road to El Dorado was published, a game that was based on the animated film, The Road to El Dorado. In this period he also worked on Good Cop Bad Cop, an action adventure for which a new in-house engine was developed, but the game, intended for the PS2, wasn't released.
After these games the Broken Sword series was continued in real-time 3D with Broken Sword: The Sleeping Dragon (2003). Unlike some other companies, they had deliberately waited to bring Broken Sword to 3D until they felt that they got the quality they wanted. And the move to 3D was fairly difficult, as many technical issues had to be dealt with that would never surface in a 2D game. Besides for AI programming, Warriner was credited for story, game and section design. For Broken Sword: The Sleeping Dragon he received together with Cecil, Steve Ince and Neil Richards a nomination for Excellence in Writing at the Game Developers Choice Awards 2004. In 2006 the fourth episode of the series, Broken Sword: The Angel of Death, was released, for which Warriner was credited for additional design. The game allowed the player to choose between point-and-click and direct control.
In 2009 and 2010 he was credited for his work on Beneath a Steel Sky - Remastered, Broken Sword: Shadow of the Templars - The Director’s Cut, and Broken Sword: The Smoking Mirror - Remastered. He considered the iPhone version as the best one, as the interface brings the player closer to the game by touching the screen. The Directors Cut of Broken Sword: Shadow of the Templars includes another Easter egg, showing a room from Beneath a Steel Sky with one of its characters (the robot Joey) and the spaceman from Warriner's first game (Obsidian). For the game he received together with Cecil and Neil Richards a nomination in the category Story at the British Academy Video Games Awards in 2010.
After the Director's Cut version of Broken Sword, Warriner started working on a brand new engine, Virtual Theatre version 7, in order to deal with multiple platforms and screen resolutions. The engine is used in Revolution's fifth Broken Sword game, entitled Broken Sword: The Serpent's Curse, which was successfully funded in a Kickstarter campaign. The campaign updates included a video in which Warriner and Cecil talked about the game's characters and feedback. In October 2012 he set up a Tumblr blog, called Tony's Revolution Dev Blog.
Other projects
With Ince he began to explore new ideas and in 2006 he started 720games to publish their own gaming projects. In the same year he presented his game Blocster, a single player puzzle game.
Besides working on Revolution's games and Blocster, Warriner has also been working on various games that were (partially) developed by other companies. He worked on Disney's Story Studio: Disney's Mulan (Disney Interactive, Inc., Kids Revolution, 1999). He was also involved in A Christmas Carol (Nintendo DS, Sumo Digital, Ltd., 2009). With Jeff Rollason of AI Factory he created a new follow-up to its puzzle game Move it!. The game, entitled Sticky Blocks, was released in 2011.
Personal life
Warriner (Malton, October 19, 1968) is married to artist Tanya Riarey. His daughter, Ella, is credited in Sticky Blocks and The Director's Cut. Professionally, he is highly interested in the latest hardware and software developments. His dream setup (2011) is an iMac with a 2500 x 1600 screen and a massive SSD.
Once asked about which of his games he was most proud of, his answer was that it would probably be Beneath a Steel Sky, as it was hard to do with very limited resources, and achieved a minor cult status. Warriner is an active member of Revolution's own forum and has accounts on various social media.
References
External links
Revolution Software (Mobile version website)
Tony Warriner at MobyGames
Game Nostalgia Tony Warriner biography
Living people
Video game designers
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century scientists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Warriner |
The is a railway line in Japan, owned by the private railway operator Chichibu Railway, linking and , both in Saitama Prefecture.
Stations
Legend
● - All trains stop
○ - Some trains stop
▲ - Some trains pass
▼ - Trains make seasonal stops
| - All trains pass
Rolling stock
, the Chichibu Railway operates the following fleet of rolling stock on the line.
5000 series 3-car EMUs x3 (formerly Toei 6000 series) (since 1999)
6000 series 3-car EMUs x3 (formerly Seibu 101 series) (since March 2006)
7000 series 3-car EMUs x2 (formerly Tokyu 8500 series) (since March 2009)
7500 series 3-car EMUs x7 (formerly Tokyu 8090 series) (since March 2010)
7800 series 2-car EMUs x4 (formerly Tokyu 8090 series) (since 16 March 2013)
Class C58 steam locomotive (No. C58 363 for Paleo Express)
Four 12 series passenger coaches for Paleo Express (OHaFu 12-101 and 102, OHa 12-111 and 112)
DeKi 100 electric locomotives (x6)
DeKi 200 electric locomotive (x1)
DeKi 300 electric locomotives (x3)
DeKi 500 electric locomotives (x7)
Rolling stock previously used
300 series 2-car EMUs (from 1959 until October 1992)
500 series 2-car EMUs (from 1957 until March 1992)
800 series 2-car EMUs (formerly Odakyu 1800 series) (from 1979 until 1990)
1000 series 3-car EMUs (formerly JNR 101 series) (from 1986 until March 2014)
2000 series 4-car EMUs (formerly Tokyu 7000 series) (from 1991 until 2000)
3000 series 3-car EMUs x3 (formerly JR East 165 series) (from 1992 until December 2006)
43 series passenger coaches (for Paleo Express)
History
The opened the section between and on 7 October 1901 operated by the use of steam haulage. The line was extended in stages, reaching Chichibu in 1914. The line was electrified at 1,200 V DC on 15 March 1918. On 1 August 1922, the Chichibu Railway acquired the operating between Hanyū and Kumagaya. The line reached Mitsumineguchi in 1930.
From 1 February 1952, The line voltage was raised to 1,500 V DC.
Former connecting lines
Kumagaya Station: The Tobu Kumagaya Line operated between 1943 and 1983.
References
External links
Railway lines in Japan
Rail transport in Saitama Prefecture
1067 mm gauge railways in Japan
Chichibu Railway
Railway lines opened in 1901
1901 establishments in Japan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichibu%20Main%20Line |
Horst Stöcker (born 1952 in Frankfurt, West Germany) is a German theoretical physicist and Judah M. Eisenberg Professor Laureatus at the Goethe University Frankfurt.
Biography
After Abitur 1971, Stöcker studied physics, chemistry, mathematics and philosophy at the Goethe University Frankfurt, where he got his Dr. phil.nat. in 1979 under Walter Greiner. Title of the dissertation was Shock waves in nuclear matter – proof by circumstantial evidence.
He went on to GSI and – as a DAAD – postdoctoral fellow – to LBL, UC Berkeley.
Stöcker joined the faculty of physics and astronomy at Michigan State University and the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, NSCL, in 1982.
1985 Stöcker moved on to a professorship for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics at Goethe University Frankfurt, where Stöcker holds the Judah M. Eisenberg endowed chair since 2004.
From 2000 to 2003, Stöcker was twice elected vice president at Goethe University, for science, mathematics, computer science, IT and high performance computing, HPC, for the medical school and for the , the hospital of the Goethe University. He was re-elected ViP for a third time 2006–2007.
Stöcker is senior fellow, and, with Walter Greiner and Wolf Singer, founding director and chair of the executive board at the international interdisciplinary Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (FIAS) – a public-private scientific foundation for theoretical research in fundamental science, natural science and computational life science, of Goethe University.
Horst Stöcker was the scientific chairman and CEO (director general) at the Darmstadt GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research, 2007–2015.
2008 Stöcker was elected vice-president of for the Research Area "Struktur der Materie", 2008, and was reelected 2010–2012.
Honors
Professor Laureatus für Theoretische Physik, at Goethe University Frankfurt
Doctor honoris causa of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RAS, Moscow, Russia
Doctor honoris causa of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
Doktor honoris causa of the University of Bucharest, Romania
Fellow of the European Physical Society, EPS, London, Great Britain
Fellow of the Institute of Physics, IoP, London, Great Britain
Member, Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften, acatech, Munich
Member, Academia Europaea, London, Great Britain
Hessian Order of Merit
Stöcker published around 500 publications that were cited around 50,000 times, supervised around 50 doctoral students and submitted 5 patents.
Publications
Walter Greiner, Ludwig Neise, Horst Stöcker: Thermodynamik und Statistische Mechanik. Harri Deutsch, Thun und Frankfurt am Main 1993,
Horst Stöcker: Mathematische Formeln für die technische Ausbildung und Praxis, Deutsch (Harri) 1995,
Horst Stöcker: Mathematik – Physik – Chemie, Das Basiswissen, 3 Bde., Deutsch (Harri) 2000,
Horst Stöcker: Taschenbuch mathematischer Formeln und moderner Verfahren, Deutsch (Harri) 2003,
Horst Stöcker: Taschenbuch der Physik, Deutsch (Harri) 2004,
References
External links
Internetpräsenz FIGSS
Internetpräsenz FIAS
20th-century German physicists
21st-century German physicists
1952 births
Living people
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Michigan State University faculty
Scientists from Frankfurt
Goethe University Frankfurt alumni
Academic staff of Goethe University Frankfurt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst%20St%C3%B6cker |
The Southern Ocean Expedition (1830–1833) was an expedition to Antarctica.
Background
In 1830, the English whaling company Samuel Enderby & Sons appointed John Biscoe master of the brig Tula and leader of an expedition to find new seal-hunting grounds in the Southern Ocean. Accompanied by the cutter Lively, the Tula left London and by December had reached the South Shetland Islands. The expedition then sailed further south, crossing the Antarctic Circle on 22 January 1831, before turning east at 60°S.
Just over a month later, on 24 February 1831, the expedition sighted bare mountain tops through the ocean ice. Biscoe correctly surmised that they were part of a continent and named the area Enderby Land in honour of his patrons. On 28 February a headland was spotted, which Biscoe named Cape Ann; the mountain atop the headland would later be named Mount Biscoe. Biscoe kept the expedition in the area while he began to chart the coastline, but after a month his and his crews' health were deteriorating. The expedition set sail toward Australia, reaching Hobart, Tasmania in May, but not before two crew members had died from scurvy.
The expedition wintered in Hobart before heading back toward the Antarctic. On 15 February 1832 Adelaide Island was discovered, and two days later the Biscoe Islands. A further four days later, on 21 February, more extensive coastline was spotted. Surmising again that he had encountered a continent, Biscoe named the area Graham Land, after First Lord of the Admiralty Sir James Graham. One source suggests John Biscoe had sighted Anvers Island rather than the Antarctic continent and another that the expedition made a landing there.
Before heading homeward, Biscoe again began charting the new coastline the expedition had found and by the end of April 1832 he had become the third man (after James Cook and Fabian von Bellingshausen) to circumnavigate the Antarctic continent. On the journey home, one calamity befell the expedition: in July, the Lively was wrecked at the Falkland Islands. The expedition nonetheless returned to London safely by the beginning of 1833.
As well as exploring the Antarctic coastline, the expedition had also tried in vain to rediscover the Aurora Islands and Nimrod Islands. These were islands in the Southern Ocean that other mariners had claimed to have found, but eventually, during the twentieth century, they were declared to be phantoms.
References
See also
List of Antarctic expeditions
Antarctic expeditions
1830 in the United Kingdom
1830 in Antarctica
1831 in Antarctica
1832 in Antarctica
Expeditions from the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20Ocean%20Expedition |
Air Chief Marshal Mushaf Ali Mir (Punjabi, Urdu: مصحف على مير; March 5, 1947– 20 February 2003) was an influential statesman and a four-star air force general who served as the Chief of Air Staff of the Pakistan Air Force (PAF), appointed on 20 November 2000 until his accidental death in a plane crash on 20 February 2003.
A fighter pilot and a strategist, he briefly served at command level in the ISI before controversially being promoted as a four-star air officer to command the air force in 2000. In 2001–02, he also commanded and provided the strategy to deploy troops during the military standoff with India. In addition, Air Chief Marshal Mir later went onto facilitate the United States military's war logistics for war operations in Afghanistan. His appointment was cut short when a former PAF Fokker F-27 in which he was a passenger crashed near Kohat, Pakistan.
His death has been subject of numerous conspiracy theories, with many American authors charging him of having advanced knowledge on terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001.
Biography
Mushaf Ali Mir was born in Lahore, Punjab in British India on 5 March 1947. He hailed from the lower middle class family and was of Punjabi and Kashmiri descent, that practiced the Shia'a principles of Islam.
His father, Farzand Ali Mir, was a calligrapher who died when Mushaf was still young. He attended Govt. Wattan Islamia High School in Lahore. Upon his matriculation from a local school in Lahore, Mir initially attended the Government College University but joined the Pakistan Air Force in 1966 which directed him to attend the famed Pakistan Air Force Academy in Risalpur, after the second war with India.
In 1967, he gained commission in the Pakistan Air Force as a Pilot officer in the GD(P) branch through the Second Short Course.
At the PAF Academy, he qualified to fly the F-6 Farmer fighter jet, and was posted to join the No. 25 Squadron Night Strike Eagles in 1970. In 1971, F/Off. Mir successfully flew his F-6 Farmer against the Indian Air Force's MiG-21, and was credited with shooting an Indian Air Force jet down with his missile.
After the war in 1971, Flt. Lt. Mir attended the Air War College where he attained his master's in War studies, and later went on to attend the National Defence University where he graduated with a master's in Strategic studies. During this time, he became acquainted with then-Brig. Pervez Musharraf.
War and command appointments in the military
In the 1970s, Mir joined the Combat Commander's School, first serving as a student before joining its faculty, eventually commanding an Aggressor squadron composing of Dassault Mirage IIIER to act as an Indian IAF's MiG-29M. Wing-Commander Mir was a commanding officer of the No. 33 Wing attached at the Northern Air Command and later took over the command of the Southern Air Command as its AOC. In the 1980s, Gp-Capt. Mir was posted as an air attaché at the Embassy of Pakistan in Washington, D.C. in United States.
He qualified to fly the F-16 Fighting Falcon, for which he received training from the Nellis Air Force Base, located in Las Vegas.
In 1994–95, Air-Commodore Mir, as an ACAS (Plans) at Air AHQ, visited Poland to hold discussions to acquire the Russian Su-27 Flanker but returned since the aircraft was not available.
In 1995, AVM Mir was appointed as Project-Director of Project Green Flash, aiming to acquire Mirage 2000-V from France, and begin his lobbying to acquire the aircraft after test piloting the fighter jet. In 1996, Air Vice Marshal Mir was appointed as Project-Director of Project Falcon that was started to negotiate with Turkey and Jordan to acquire F-16As/Bs.
In 1996–99, Air Vice Marshal Mir took over the command of the Northern Air Command headquartered in Peshawar, and became associated with the ISI, where he aided in providing the aerial support during the civil war in Afghanistan. During this time, Air Vice Marshal Mir was posted as a military adviser to the Saudi Arabian Army and later assumed the short-time command of the Pakistan Armed Forces-Middle East Command before returning to Pakistan for the command appointments.
In 1999, Air Marshal Mir was appointed as the chairman of Pakistan Aeronautical Complex at Kamra.
Chief of Air Staff
In 2000, ACM PQ Mehdi's retirement was confirmed by President Rafiq Tarar, and the Pakistan MoD sent potentials list of three-star air officers for the promotion of the four-star rank.
At the time of promotion to the four-star appointment, there were six senior air marshals who were in the race which included in seniority:
Air-Mshl. Farooq Qari – Vice Chief of Air Staff at Air Headquarters (AHQ) in Islamabad.
Air-Mshl. Zahid Anis – DCAS (Air Operations) at AHQ in Islamabad.
Air-Mshl. Qazi Javed Ahmad – DCAS (Personnel) at AHQ in Islamabad.
Air-Mshl. Pervez Iqbal Mirza – AOC Southern Air Command headquartered in Karachi.
Air-Mshl. Riazuddin Shaikh – DCAS (Administration) at AHQ in Islamabad.
Air-Mshl. Mushaf Ali Mir – Chairman of Pakistan Aeronautical Complex (PAC) in Kamra.
Eventually, the race for the appointment for the air chief was rumored between Air Marshal Farooq Qari and Air Marshal Riazuddin.
On 13 November 2000, President Rafiq Tarar surprisingly approved the appointment of junior-most Air-Mshl. Mir to be promoted to as the four-star air officer in the air force, and appointed him as the Chief of Air Staff. The surprise promotion and command appointment was said to be at the behest of special and personal requests made by then-Chairman Joint chiefs Gen. Pervez Musharraf.
This appointment was one of the center of controversies in the Musharraf administration when superseding air officers had sparked off "rumblings of resentment" at the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (JCSC) in the country. All five superseding air force generals tendered their resignations to President Tarar despite Chairman Joint chiefs Gen. Musharraf's efforts to have all five air force generals to complete their respected terms. In news media, the appointment was also given a strong criticism when the Gen. Musharraf's clique attempted a damage control exercise by pointing out that supersessions were nothing new in the country's military establishment having happened five times in the Air Force and at least four times in the Army.
Despite the agitation and criticism, Air Chief Marshal Mir eventually assumed the command of the air force as its chief on 20 November 2000.
After the deadly terrorist attacks in New York in the United States in 2001, ACM Mir successfully negotiated with the United States Air Force of releasing the spare parts and updating the software of the F-16s.
During his tenure, the PAF's F-6 aircraft were retired from service, and were transferred to Bangladeshi Air Force. During the military standoff with the Indian Army, ACM Mir placed the air force at war level command, issuing orders for targeting the Indian military posts.
In spite of his closeness to President Musharraf, ACM Mir had strongly objected and opposed the Musharraf administration's policy on War on Terror, that he suspected of intelligence blowback and terror organizations that might be finding the foreign support for their operations to spread sectarian violence in the country.
Death in the air crash
On 20 February 2003, Air Chief Marshal Mushaf Ali Mir boarded on a Fokker F-27 aircraft operated by the Air Force, along with his wife and 15 senior air force officers from Chaklala Air Force Base for a routine flight to Northern Air Command based in Kohat, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan to review annual preparations and readiness.
The plane lost contact from its military radars at the Northern Air Command and crashed after hitting the highest peak of the mountain at the Tolanj mountain range in Kohat due to an extreme fog and winter temperature. Among the casualties were other high-ranking officials of the Pakistan Air Force, including two Principal Staff Officers – Air Vice Marshal Abdul Razzaq, DCAS (Training & Evaluation) and Air Vice Marshal Saleem Nawaz, DCAS (Administration) – and the air crew.
Upon his accidental death, the Pakistan government give him a state funeral, with many foreign dignitaries attending his funeral and was buried in Mominpura cemetery in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
The Air Force Flight Safety and the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) ruled out the "act of sabotage" and termed the incident as an accident. Additional inquiries in 2015 resulted by the air force and civilian investigations, the Government declared the aircraft as faulty, not an act of sabotage.
Further military insights revealed at the parliamentary committee noted that the aircraft was in fact faulty, as it was first identified as such by the Navy's inspection team as early as 1993. The Navy purchased the aircraft for its reconnaissance missions before it was transferred to Army Aviation in 1993, which then transferred the plane to Air Force in 1994, which never reviewed the inspection protocol to assess the performance of the aircraft.
Reactions
United States: American ambassador to Pakistan Nancy Jo Powell expressed her sorrow and grief over the tragic air crash on behalf of the United States.
Iran: Iranian President Syed Mohammad Khatami convened a message to President Pervez Musharraf saying: "While expressing condolence and sympathy to Your Excellency as well as the noble people of Pakistan, I pray to Almighty Allah for forgiveness and Divine blessings for the deceased, and patience and fortitude for the survivors."
Afghanistan: Afghan President Hamid Karzai sent a cable where he noted: "On behalf of the people, government of transitional Islamic state of Afghanistan and on my own behalf, I would like to express deepest sorrow and condolences to Your Excellency and to the families of the victims and to the brotherly people of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan."
India: Indian air chief Air Chief Marshal S. Krishnaswamy conveyed sympathies on behalf of the Indian IAF and his own behalf on the sudden and untimely demise of Mushaf Ali Mir.
Pakistan: Foreign Minister K.M. Kasuri termed the death of Air Chief Marshal Mushaf Ali Mir a great loss for Pakistan and its military, and he quoted: "We have lost one of our great sons and a fine soldier; he was an outstanding soldier and his services to Pakistan will always be remembered."
Conspiracy theories
Since the plane crash in 2003, Air Chief Marshal Mir's death has attracted significant amount of attention and has been subject of conspiracy theories in media and literature. According to Gerald Posner, an American journalist, Mir's death in a plane crash was not an accident but an act of sabotage, which he claimed in his book: Why America Slept: The Failure to Prevent 911, written in 2003.
Several American authors of counterterrorism studies have suspected him of having advanced intelligence knowledge on the planning of the terrorist attacks in the United States by al-Qaeda, during his time when Mir was serving in the ISI as its spymaster.
Subsequently, Posner and his American colleagues have claimed that Osama bin Laden and other Afghan Arabs had struck a deal with Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) through Mir in 1996 to get protection, arms, and supplies for Al-Qaeda. The meeting was blessed by the Saudi royal family through Prince Turki bin Faisal Al Saud — the Saudi intelligence chief.
However, after the terrorist attacks in the United States in 2001, and a reversal of Pakistani and Saudi stances favoring the Afghan Taliban and their allies al-Qaeda, the three Saudi princes associated with the deals died within days, and seven months after that, Mir's plane crashed in the Kohat region of Pakistan.
Prince Turki bin Faisal, on the other hand, was removed as intelligence chief and sent as Ambassador to United Kingdom during the same time.
In 2015, the Air Force's Flight Inquiry Board and the CAA dismissed the claims of sabotage when they submitted their year long investigation reports to the Public Accounts Committee of the Pakistan Parliament, citing the poor maintenance of the aircraft. They backed up their evidence when identifying the faulty Fokker F27 Friendship that the Air Force had transferred the plane to Navy but the aircraft was returned to the Air Force due to its faults during its flight.
According to the analysis written in 2003 by Najam Sethi, a Pakistani commentator, the claims might have been "untrue" but the allegations are very explosives directed towards the Pakistani military.
Awards and decorations
Foreign decorations
See also
Pakistan Air Force
References
External links
PAF's Chiefs of Air Staff
1947 births
2003 deaths
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents
Pakistani people of Kashmiri descent
People from Lahore
Punjabi people
Pakistani Shia Muslims
Government College University, Lahore alumni
Pakistan Air Force Academy alumni
Pakistan Air Force officers
Pakistani military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Pilots of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Pakistani flying aces
National Defence University, Pakistan alumni
Intelligence analysts
Pakistani spies
People of Inter-Services Intelligence
Military personnel from Lahore
Project-706
Pakistan Air Force air marshals
Chiefs of Air Staff, Pakistan
Burials at Mominpura Graveyard
State funerals in Pakistan
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Pakistan
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2003
Pakistani air attachés | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushaf%20Ali%20Mir |
At the 1924 Summer Olympics, seven fencing events were contested. A women's event, the individual foil, was held for the first time.
Scoring controversy
After the games, an Italian and a Hungarian settled a scoring controversy with a real duel. Aldolfo Contronei, described in some sources as a 45-year-old fencing critic for an Italian newspaper and others as the captain of the Italian foil team, fought Giorgio Santelli, the 27-year-old son of the Hungarian Olympic team's coach Italo Santelli. Giorgio Santelli had invoked the Code Duello in order to fight in the place of his 60-year-old father. The duel was fought in the town of Abbazia near the Hungarian border with heavy sabers. The duel was terminated after only two minutes of combat time when Santelli must have landed a tierce of quarte in the side of Contronei's forehead.
A further duel resulted when Gyorgy Kovacs, a Hungarian judge at the Games also involved in the causes of the earlier duel, fought one of the Italian team, Oreste Puliti, four months after the Games over allegations made by Kovacs and other judges.
Medal summary
Men's events
Women's events
Participating nations
A total of 240 fencers from 23 nations competed at the Paris Games:
(men:13 women:0)
(men:5 women:0)
(men:19 women:0)
(men:1 women:0)
(men:6 women:0)
(men:7 women:0)
(men:7 women:4)
(men:3 women:0)
(men:20 women:4)
(men:16 women:4)
(men:6 women:0)
(men:9 women:1)
(men:19 women:0)
(men:14 women:3)
(men:4 women:0)
(men:4 women:1)
(men:10 women:0)
(men:13 women:0)
(men:6 women:3)
(men:7 women:3)
(men:1 women:0)
(men:19 women:2)
(men:6 women:0)
Medal table
References
1924 Summer Olympics events
1924
1924 in fencing
International fencing competitions hosted by France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing%20at%20the%201924%20Summer%20Olympics |
Valença (), also known as Valença do Minho, is a municipality and a town in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 14,127, in an area of 117.13 km2.
Valença officially became a city on 12 June 2009. The municipality is located in Viana do Castelo District. The present Mayor is Jorge Mendes, elected by the Social Democratic Party (PSD). The municipal holiday is 18 February.
Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 11 civil parishes (freguesias):
Boivão
Cerdal
Fontoura
Friestas
Gandra e Taião
Ganfei
Gondomil e Sanfins
São Julião e Silva
São Pedro da Torre
Valença, Cristelo Covo e Arão
Verdoejo
General information
Valença is a walled town located on the left bank of Minho River, approximately 25 km from the Atlantic Ocean. The municipality is limited to the north with Minho River establishing the border with Spain, to south-southeast with the municipality of Paredes de Coura, to southwest with Vila Nova de Cerveira and to the east with Monção.
Linked to the wall rises the new quarter, where buildings such as social facilities, schools, the stadium and sports centre, the health care centre, the municipal market and the municipal swimming pools are located.
Concerning cuisine, Valença offers genuine delicacies such as Lampreia à Minhota (lamprey), Cabrito à Sanfins (kid), Bacalhau à São Teotónio (dried codfish) and Empanada (meat or fish pie).
History
Valença origins date back from Roman times. The two existent Roman roads are the proof (the Via IV of Antonine Itinerary XIX, of military use, and the designated per loca marítima - Itinerary XX -, of commercial use). Also inside the fortified walls a Roman milestone marks the XLII mile of the road connecting Braga to Tui.
This stronghold was populated by order of King Sancho I during the 12th century. It was called Contrasta which means "village opposed to another", Tui (Spain) in this case. King Afonso III changed its name to Valença in the 13th century.
Its historical importance is mainly due to military constraints. It had a decisive role for the defense and integrity of Portugal from neighbouring Spain.
Today the town is peacefully invaded by the Spanish that visit it for commercial and touristic purposes. The Portuguese still use the fortress.
Attractions
The fortress
The most interesting things to visit are mainly inside the fortress that looks down to the Minho River and Galicia. They have been destroyed several times whether it were the Barbarians, the Moors, the armies of Asturias and Leon or even the French troops in the 19th century, they have always been restored and still very well preserved.
Valença's fortress is a piece of gothic and baroque military architecture. The first walls were built in the 13th century. It was upgraded during the 17th and 18th century forming the present bulwarked system. It is placed on top of two small hills and it is formed by two polygons (the Recinto Magistral and the Coroada) separated by a ditch and with four doors (Coroada, Gaviarra, Fonte da Vila and Sol). The main entrance is Porta do Sol (Sun's door). This door was damaged during the Napoleonic invasions.
The old international bridge
In 1879 Portugal and Spain agreed to construct a bi-functional (road and train) bridge. The bridge was inspired by Eiffel works. The bridge is still in use although a new bridge was built south of the older one.
Roman milestone
Located inside the fortress this Roman milestone dates back from the 1st century AD. It has the following inscription:
TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS CAESER AUGUSTUS GERMANICUS PONTIFEX MAXIMUS. IMPERATOR V CONSUL III, TRIBUNICIA POTESTATE III. PATER PATRIAE BRACARA XLII.
It marks 42 Roman miles' (62 km) distance on the road from Braga to Tui and the Emperor Claudius ordered its construction when the Via IV of Antonine was rebuilt.
Church of Saint Stephen
A romanic church built during the 13th century and a neo-classic rebuilt during the 18th century. Inside several panels representing scenes Saint Stephen life can be admired.
Church of Saint Mary of Angels
Romanic church built during the 12th century. The popular decoration and the ceiling are the eye-catcher.
The cannons
Along the north wall several old cannons very well maintained are positioned pointing to the river and Galicia as if to remind of their old purpose.
Statue of São Teotónio
São Teotónio was the first Portuguese saint. Born near Valença, in Ganfei, he was the confessor of King Afonso Henriques. He is the village patron saint.
Photo gallery
Notable people
Theotonius of Coimbra (ca.1082 - 1162) (São Teotónio) a Canon Regular, royal advisor and the first Portuguese saint.
Francisco Xavier da Silva Pereira, 1st Count of Antas (1793–1852) a nobleman and a soldier during the Liberal Wars.
António Sampaio da Nóvoa (born 1954) an academic professor and unsuccessful independent candidate in the 2016 Portuguese presidential election.
Inês Fernandes (born 1988) a Portuguese Paralympic athlete
References
External links
Municipality official website
Pousada Valença do Minho
Casa do Poço Palace
Quinta Grande Raposeira
Escola Secundária de Valença (Valença High School) - Website in Portuguese
Parque Empresarial de Valença - Website in Portuguese
Valença Radio 91.7 - Website in Portuguese
A V Minho Bus Company- Local buses and buses to Porto
Autna Bus Company- Buses to and from Vigo (Spain).
Towns in Portugal
Municipalities of Viana do Castelo District
Portugal–Spain border crossings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valen%C3%A7a%2C%20Portugal |
Margaret Maud Tyzack (9 September 193125 June 2011) was an English actress. Her television roles included The Forsyte Saga (1967) I, Claudius (1976), and George Lucas's Young Indiana Jones (1992–1993). She won the 1970 BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for the BBC serial The First Churchills, and the 1990 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for Lettice and Lovage, opposite Maggie Smith. She also won two Olivier Awards—in 1981 as Actress of the Year in a Revival and in 2009 as Best Actress in a Play. Her film appearances included 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), A Clockwork Orange (1971), Prick Up Your Ears (1987) and Match Point (2005).
Early life
Tyzack was born in Essex, England, the daughter of Doris (née Moseley) and Thomas Edward Tyzack. She grew up in Plaistow, West Ham (now Greater London). She attended the all-girls' St Angela's Ursuline School, Newham, and was a graduate of RADA.
Career
Tyzack was noted for her classical stage roles, having joined the Royal Shakespeare Company to play Vassilissa in Maxim Gorky's The Lower Depths in 1962, and had major roles in their 1972 Roman Season as Volumnia in Coriolanus, Portia in Julius Caesar and Tamora in Titus Andronicus. She appeared in another Gorky play, as Maria Lvovna in Summerfolk RSC 1974. In 1977 she joined the acting company of the Stratford Festival in Canada, where she played Mrs Alving in Ibsen's Ghosts, Queen Margaret in Richard III and the Countess of Roussillon in All's Well That Ends Well. In a feature of Stratford's 1977 season, New York Times writer Richard Eder noted "One of the main excitements was the discovery of Margaret Tyzack [...] her work here has been a revelation". Tyzack had been engaged on short notice by the Festival when Canadian actress Kate Reid dropped out, which initially spurred some protests from Canadian nationalists. Theatre critic Robert Cushman later wrote that had the protests succeeded "Canadian audiences would have been deprived of three great performances", noting of her performance in Richard III, "there can never have been a better (Queen) Margaret". She played the Countess role again for the Royal Shakespeare Company on Broadway in 1983.
She received her first Olivier award as Actress of the Year in a Revival in 1981 for the National Theatre revival of Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? in which she played Martha, replacing Joan Plowright who was ill. In 1990, she won the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for her role as Lotte Schoen in the play Lettice and Lovage, in which she appeared in both the London and Broadway productions opposite Dame Maggie Smith. The American Actors' Equity initially refused permission for Tyzack to join the New York production, but Smith refused to appear without Tyzack because of the "onstage chemistry" she believed the two women had created in their roles. In 1994, she played Sybil Birling in the Royal National Theatre production of An Inspector Calls. In 2008, she was acclaimed for her portrayal of Mrs St Maugham in a revival of Enid Bagnold's The Chalk Garden at the Donmar Warehouse, London, for which she won the Best Actress award in the Critics' Circle Theatre Awards and the Olivier award for Best Actress in a Play in 2009. In 2009, she also appeared alongside Helen Mirren in Phedre at the Royal National Theatre.
She appeared in two films directed by Stanley Kubrick, 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) and A Clockwork Orange (1971). Tyzack also appeared in Ring of Spies (1964), The Whisperers (1967), A Touch of Love (1969), The Legacy (1978), The Quatermass Conclusion (1979), Mr. Love (1985), Prick Up Your Ears (1987), The King's Whore (1990), Mrs Dalloway (1997), Bright Young Things (2003), and the Woody Allen films Match Point (2005) and Scoop (2006).
It was as a television actress that Tyzack became a household name. She is remembered for her leading roles in BBC television productions. She came to notice as Winifred, Soames's sister, in the well received BBC adaptation of Galsworthy's The Forsyte Saga in 1967, a series shown internationally. She portrayed the character of Gladys King in Dennis Potter's The Bone Grinder (1968), a metaphor for the decline of the British Empire and rise of American power in the post-war world. Tyzack played Queen Anne in The First Churchills; Bette in Cousin Bette; and Antonia, mother of the Emperor Claudius, in I, Claudius. She also played Clotilde Bradbury-Scott in the BBC adaptation of the Agatha Christie story Nemesis in 1987 in Miss Marple.
In the 1990s, she played a major role in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles television series as the young Indiana Jones' strict Oxford-educated tutor, Miss Helen Seymour. In the 2000s, she made two appearances in Midsomer Murders. In 2011, she joined the cast of soap opera EastEnders, playing Lydia Simmonds. On 13 April 2011, it was announced that for personal reasons she had departed EastEnders and that her role had been recast to Heather Chasen as a result of the nature of the large storyline needing to continue.
Honours
Tyzack was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1970 Birthday Honours and Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2010 New Year Honours, both for services to drama.
Personal life
Tyzack married mathematician Alan Stephenson in 1958 and together they had one son, Matthew. Tyzack died on 25 June 2011, at the age of 79. Her agent said she was thought to have been suffering with cancer.
Filmography
Discography
Jerome Kern: Show Boat, conducted by John McGlinn, EMI, 1988
References
External links
Selected performances in Theatre Archive, University of Bristol
Obituary in The Guardian
Obituary in The Independent
1931 births
2011 deaths
Alumni of RADA
Best Actress BAFTA Award (television) winners
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Critics' Circle Theatre Award winners
English film actresses
English radio actresses
English stage actresses
English soap opera actresses
English television actresses
Laurence Olivier Award winners
People from West Ham
Royal Shakespeare Company members
English Shakespearean actresses
Tony Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Tyzack |
Robert Smith, better known by his stage name Rob Sonic, is an American rapper and record producer from the Bronx, New York. He has been a member of the groups Sonic Sum and Hail Mary Mallon. He is a founder of the record label Skypimps Music.
Biography
Rob Sonic is originally from Washington, D.C. As a child, he moved to New York. He started rapping at age 12.
In 2011, Smith released the album Are You Gonna Eat That? on Rhymesayers Entertainment with Aesop Rock and DJ Big Wiz under the alias Hail Mary Mallon. The group's second album, Bestiary, was released in 2014 on the same label.
In 2004, he released his debut solo studio album, Telicatessen, on Definitive Jux. In 2007, he released Sabotage Gigante on the label. He released Alice in Thunderdome in 2014, Defriender in 2018, and Latrinalia in 2021.
Discography
Studio albums
Telicatessen (2004)
Sabotage Gigante (2007)
Alice in Thunderdome (2014)
Defriender (2018)
Latrinalia (2021)
Compilation albums
Barf (2017)
Singles
"Death Vendor" / "Dylsexia" (2004)
"Shoplift" (2004)
"Fatman and Littleboy" / "The Over Under" (2006)
"Rock the Convoy" (2007)
"All the Drugs (Do Nothing)" (2017)
"Couple Skate" (2017)
"JJ Sad" (2018)
"Frankie (Can't Relax)" (2018)
"Ithaca" (2018)
"All the Drugs: Ohio Dirt Mix" (2018)
"Bikini" (2019)
"Boca Raton" (2020)
Productions
Aesop Rock – "Winners Take All" from Fast Cars, Danger, Fire and Knives (2005)
Aesop Rock – "Dark Heart News" from None Shall Pass (2007)
Guest appearances
The Infesticons – "Chase Theme" from Gun Hill Road (2000)
El-P – "Truancy" from Fantastic Damage (2002)
Funkstörung – "Mr. Important" from Disconnected (2004)
Hangar 18 – "One Night at the Bar" (2004)
C-Rayz Walz – "Walk Through" from Year of the Beast (2005)
Blue Sky Black Death – "Long Division" from A Heap of Broken Images (2006)
El-P – "Flyentology" from I'll Sleep When You're Dead (2007)
Aesop Rock – "Dark Heart News" from None Shall Pass (2007)
Tobacco – "Lick the Witch" from LA UTI (2010)
Aesop Rock – "Dokken Rules" and "BMX" from Skelethon (2012)
Illogic and Blockhead – "Nails" from Preparing for Capture (2012)
Armand Hammer – "Post Haste" from Half Measures (2013)
Onry Ozzborn – "Not Really" from Duo (2016)
Compilation appearances
"F.U. for Failure Ugly" on Definitive Jux Presents II (2002)
"Dylsexia" on Definitive Jux Presents III (2004)
"Shoplift (El-P Remix)" on Definitive Jux Teaser 2005 (2005)
"Brand New Vandals" on Definitive Swim (2007)
"Domestic Animals" on Definitive Jux Presents IV (2009)
References
External links
American male rappers
Definitive Jux artists
Living people
Rappers from the Bronx
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%20Sonic |
WIBW-TV (channel 13) is a television station in Topeka, Kansas, United States, affiliated with CBS and owned by Gray Television. The station's studios are located on Commerce Place (next to the interchange of I-70, I-470, US 40, US 75 and K-4) in west-southwestern Topeka, and its transmitter is located on Windy Hill Road in Maple Hill.
To serve portions of the market that cannot adequately receive the main signal, WIBW-TV operates a digital fill-in translator in Topeka, which broadcasts on channel 33.
History
Multi-affiliate
The station first signed on the air on November 15, 1953. WIBW-TV was the first television station to sign on in the Topeka market, and the third to sign on in the state of Kansas (after KCTY in Kansas City, which operated a transmitter in Overland Park, which signed on in June 1953. Channel 13 signed on the same day as KTVH (now sister station KWCH-DT) in Wichita; it is the second-oldest surviving television station in Kansas (behind KWCH, as KCTY ceased operations in February 1954). The television station originally operated from studio facilities located on 6th Street and Wanamaker Road in west Topeka, near the Menninger Clinic, where it shared the facility with co-owned WIBW radio (AM 580). The facility, which was later abandoned, was severely damaged by fire on January 5, 2012.
Channel 13 was originally owned by the family of the late Kansas Senator Arthur Capper, and was co-owned with the Topeka Daily Capital and WIBW radio. The station originally also carried programming from all four other major networks of the time (CBS, NBC, ABC and the DuMont Television Network), but has always been a primary CBS affiliate. On the day of its sign-on, following an introductory program presented by the station's staff, WIBW-TV aired its first program, a DuMont network broadcast of an NFL game between the San Francisco 49ers and the Cleveland Browns.
WIBW-TV was the only commercial television station in the Topeka market for fifteen years. This was largely because the only other VHF frequency in the Topeka area, channel 11, had been designated for non-commercial broadcasting use; that allocation eventually was occupied by KTWU, which signed on the air in October 1965. However, area residents did not have to worry about missing their favorite network programs since the Kansas City stations all provided decent signal coverage within Topeka; they have been available on the area's local cable providers since the 1960s. Although Topeka was originally part of the Kansas City market, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) made Topeka a separate market in 1963. While the city itself and its close-in suburbs receive strong signals from the Kansas City stations, some parts of northeastern Kansas to the west of the city only get a marginal signal at best.
In September 1954, the station relocated its transmitter facilities to a broadcast tower located west of the original tower (the tower was later leased to Washburn University when KTWU signed on). In 1961, WIBW-AM-TV were joined by a second radio sister, WIBW-FM (94.5 FM). The station lost the DuMont affiliation when that network ceased operations in August 1956.
WIBW-TV is one of the few television stations located west of the Mississippi River that utilizes a call sign that begins with the letter "W". WIBW radio began in Logansport, Indiana, in 1925 and was briefly a portable station for much of 1926 before moving to Topeka in 1927 under Capper's sponsorship. Capper bought the station later in 1927. However, Kansas was located on the eastern side of the original call divide, so it would have been acceptable to have a "W" in Kansas in any event.
In 1957, Capper Publications merged with Stauffer Publications, owner of Topeka's other newspaper, the Topeka State Journal. In 1966, WIBW-TV became the first television station in Topeka to broadcast in color. The station lost its NBC affiliation when KTSB (channel 27, now KSNT) signed on in December 1967.
CBS-only affiliate
WIBW-TV and KSNT continued to split the local rights to ABC programming for 16 years, until KLDH (channel 49, now KTKA) signed on the air as the market's third television outlet in June 1983.
The Daily Capital and State Journal, which later merged as the Topeka Capital-Journal in 1981, and WIBW-AM-FM-TV remained the flagships of Stauffer Publications (later renamed Stauffer Communications) until 1995, when Stauffer merged with Augusta, Georgia-based Morris Communications. Because the FCC's "one to a market" rule barred companies from owning newspapers and broadcast outlets in the same market, as a condition of the sale, Morris had to sell Stauffer's television holdings, including channel 13. However, Morris would have likely had to sell off channel 13 in any event. When the "one to a market" rule went into effect in 1968, the combination of the Daily Capital, State Journal, and WIBW-AM-FM-TV were protected by a grandfather clause that allowed existing newspaper and broadcasting combinations. This protection was ended when Stauffer merged with Morris. Most of Stauffer's television stations, including WIBW-TV, were sold to Benedek Broadcasting in 1996. Morris retained the Capital Journal and the WIBW radio stations, though it has since sold the WIBW radio stations to Alpha Media.
In 2001, WIBW-TV relocated from its original studios on Southwest 6th Avenue into a new state-of-the-art facility on Commerce Place in southwest Topeka (WIBW radio subsequently relocated to studio facilities located on Executive Drive in southwest Topeka's Huntoon Hill neighborhood).
Gray Television ownership
Benedek—which was already financially challenged—filed a Chapter 7 bankruptcy declaration in 2002, due to debt incurred by the company's all-cash purchases of ABC affiliate KAKE in Wichita and NBC affiliate WOWT-TV in Omaha, Nebraska, in exchange for NBC affiliate WWLP in Springfield, Massachusetts, the previous year; the company then sold most of its stations, including WIBW-TV, to Atlanta-based Gray Television.
After KSQA signed on in September 2011, WIBW-TV began experiencing signal issues on Cox Communications channel 12, due to the over-the-air signal of KSQA (which broadcasts on channel 12 over-the-air) causing electromagnetic interference with the analog frequency on WIBW's cable slot. On June 13, 2012, KSQA, LLC filed a complaint with the FCC to invoke a must-carry request for Cox to carry it on channel 12, which would have displaced WIBW to a newly assigned channel slot. Although KSQA, LLC had its request denied by the FCC on the basis its cable placement should be determined by its PSIP channel (KSQA was mapped as virtual channel 22) and Cox previously informed that it preferred not to move WIBW-TV off its existing channel slot to replace it with KSQA, Cox eventually moved WIBW-TV to channel 13 on March 14, 2013, after the FCC granted a waiver by KSQA to move its PSIP channel to virtual channel 12, with that station being placed on WIBW's former cable slot on channel 12.
On May 23, 2012, a man broke into the WIBW studio lobby, stabbed two station employees and bit another employee. The station's sales manager Roger Brokke and sales associate Greg Palmer received non-life-threatening leg injuries in the attack. The attacker, identified as 48-year-old Ray Miles, was upset because WIBW news director Jon Janes was unable to help him with a problem involving the Department of Veterans Affairs. Miles was arrested on suspicion of six counts, including aggravated battery and burglary.
WIBW-DT2
WIBW-DT2 is the primary MeTV and secondary MyNetworkTV-affiliated second digital subchannel of WIBW-TV, broadcasting in standard definition on channel 13.2. The subchannel is officially branded as "My Topeka TV" (formerly My Network Topeka) for general purposes (both during time periods occupied by MyNetworkTV programming as well as for promotions for the programming service), and alternately branded as "MeTV Topeka" during MeTV programming hours.
History
On February 22, 2006, News Corporation (which would later spin-off its American television properties into 21st Century Fox in July 2013) announced the launch of MyNetworkTV, a new network that would be operated by two of its divisions, Fox Television Stations and 20th Television. MyNetworkTV was created to compete against another upstart network that would launch at the same time that September, The CW—a network created through a partnership between CBS Corporation and Time Warner, which had announced one month earlier on January 24 that the two companies would respectively shut down UPN and The WB, which originally consisted primarily of the higher-rated programs from its two predecessors; MyNetworkTV was also formed to give UPN- and WB-affiliated stations that were not named as The CW's charter affiliates another option besides converting into independent stations. Prior to the CW announcement, WIBW station management had considered launching a digital subchannel affiliated with UPN (which had previously been affiliated with Fox affiliate KTMJ-CA (channel 43) from the network's launch in 1995 until 2003, with its programming airing in late-evening timeslots).
On March 13, 2006, WIBW was named as MyNetworkTV's Topeka affiliate through a 13-station affiliation agreement with owner Gray Television. One month later on April 10, 2006, Montecito Broadcast Group announced that NBC affiliate KSNT (channel 27) would serve as The CW's Topeka affiliate (through its national feed for smaller markets, The CW Plus), carrying the network on its second digital subchannel.
WIBW-TV first signed its second digital subchannel on the air on September 5, 2006 as a primary affiliate of MyNetworkTV and a secondary affiliate of the multicultural television network Colours TV. In September 2009, WIBW-DT2 became a secondary affiliate of This TV, carrying a mix of syndicated programming to fill select evening time periods otherwise occupied by feature film content from the network.
The subchannel disaffiliated from This TV on September 10, 2012, and switched its secondary affiliation to MeTV (both networks were owned at the time by Weigel Broadcasting). MeTV programming airs on WIBW-DT2 during the late morning, afternoon and overnight hours as well as much of the weekend schedule outside of late afternoon and evening timeslots. In a September 5 interview with The Topeka Capital-Journal, then-WIBW-TV general manager Jim Ogle cited that the station chose to switch 13.2's secondary affiliation to allow leverage in scheduling local newscasts and sports programs onto the subchannel, as the vast majority of MeTV programs run either 30 minutes or an hour in length, in comparison to the feature-length movies aired by This TV. Most of the syndicated programming aired on the subchannel was dropped by September 2014, when WIBW-DT2 began clearing most of the MeTV schedule outside of the first two hours of prime time on weeknights that are occupied by MyNetworkTV content. As of 2021, MyNetworkTV programming now airs in the late night slot at 1:00 a.m CT.
Programming
WIBW-DT2 primarily carries MeTV programming. As of September 2019, MyNetworkTV programming was moved from prime time to overnight hours.
News operation
WIBW-TV presently broadcasts 28½ hours of locally produced newscasts each week. The station's Sunday 5:00 p.m. newscast is subject to preemption due to network sports coverage; as such, the station broadcasts live half-hour editions of that newscast on WIBW-DT2 on certain weeks in which a CBS Sports telecast (usually golf tournaments sanctioned by the PGA Tour and National Football League games with kickoff times of 3:05 p.m. or 3:25 p.m.) is scheduled to air past their scheduled end-time on the station's main channel.
WIBW-TV has been the far-and-away market leader in Topeka for as long as viewership records have been kept. This was mainly due to being the only station in town for 14 years. It has maintained a solid ratings lead even after gaining competitors in KSNT when that station signed on as KTSB in 1967, and KTKA-TV (the perennial third-place finisher among the market's newscasts for most of its history, except during its four-year tenure without a news department from 2002 to 2006) after that station signed on in 1983 as KLDH. In 1972, WIBW-TV acquired the first live weather radar in the Topeka market for broadcasting use. The station was also the first to bring several news-gathering and technical innovations in the market: it was the first television station to use microwave LNC live trucks (in 1982), and is the only Topeka station with a live truck for electronic news-gathering (having acquired such a vehicle in 1989).
The station is noted for its coverage of a destructive EF5 tornado that killed 16 people and injured 450 others as it tracked northeast across Topeka on the early evening of June 8, 1966. A then-unknown Bill Kurtis – at the time, a 26-year-old balancing duties as a reporter for WIBW-TV while also a law student at Washburn University – wanted to get a message across to viewers watching the station's storm coverage to take shelter from the impending twister before it struck their particular area; ultimately, he advised viewers to get to safety by urging in a calm but stern manner, "for God's sake, take cover!" Channel 13 provided 24 consecutive hours of coverage beginning when the tornado struck Topeka, later transitioning to coverage of the storm's aftermath. In the days after the tornado hit the city, the station was flooded with viewer letters thanking Kurtis and channel 13 for the urgent warning.
On November 11, 1998, WIBW announced that it would cancel its noon newscast (known for most of its history as Midday in Kansas) due to unspecified economic conditions, replacing the program with Martha Stewart Living; the move to cancel the program (at the time and presently, the only midday newscast among the Topeka market's television stations) after the November 25 broadcast, which would have resulted in the layoffs of 12 staffers, resulted in viewer letters protesting the move to convince then-WIBW vice president/general manager Gary Sotir "get creative" to save the highly rated program, which received its highest viewership among farmers and senior citizens, leading the station to reverse course on the decision.
WIBW (along with former ABC-affiliated sister station KAKE-TV in Wichita) was one of two partners in Kansas Now 22, a cable channel available on fellow partner Cox Communications' systems throughout Kansas. WIBW and KAKE each produced five-minute pre-recorded news segments that ran on the channel in 15-minute intervals as well as an additional three-minute weather segment that was also taped. The two stations alternated time slots for both news and weather segments. Live news or weather bulletins from KAKE in Wichita would interrupt the channel's regular taped programming schedule. Kansas Now 22 ceased operations on January 2, 2009, before relaunching four weeks later on January 28 as Kansas 22, with content originating from the respective NBC affiliates in Wichita and Topeka, KSNW and KSNT (then both owned by LIN Media).
In September 2007, WIBW began producing local newscasts for its second digital subchannel, in the form of a one-hour extension of its weekday morning newscast 13 News This Morning (initially running from 7:00 to 8:00 a.m., with a rebroadcast immediately afterward; before expanding to a full two-hour broadcast in September 2009) and a half-hour prime time newscast at 9:00 p.m. each weeknight, in addition to simulcasts of the 5:00 to 7:00 a.m. block of the weekday morning newscast seen on WIBW's main channel; these newscasts pre-empted classic television series and children's programming broadcast by WIBW-DT2's secondary This TV, and later MeTV affiliations, during those time periods. The morning and prime time newscasts on WIBW-DT2 competed with those produced by NBC affiliate KSNT seen on that station's Fox-affiliated sister KTMJ-CD (channel 43).
The subchannel also began airing simulcasts of the Saturday evening 6:00 p.m., Sunday evening 5:30 p.m. and weekend 10:00 p.m. newscasts (mainly due to preemptions incurred by CBS Sports broadcasts that run into those programs' timeslots on the station's main channel). The morning and 9:00 p.m. newscasts were cancelled in September 2014, with their former time periods replaced by classic television series provided by the subchannel's secondary MeTV affiliation; as such, WIBW-DT2 airs very little programming other than that provided by MeTV and MyNetworkTV or through sports syndication services.
On February 23, 2012, beginning with its 6:00 p.m. newscast, WIBW-TV became the first television station in the Topeka market to being broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition.
Notable former on-air staff
Gary Bender – former play-by-play announcer for the NFL on CBS and NBA on CBS
Kevin Harlan – summer sports intern (1979); now at CBS Sports and Westwood One radio
Mike Jerrick – anchor/reporter; now at Fox News Channel
Gordon Jump – later actor, known for his role in WKRP in Cincinnati
Bill Kurtis – reported on 1966 Topeka tornado, more well-known as journalist and news personality later
Steve Physioc – sports anchor; later served as play-by-play announcer for Kansas City Royals radio and television broadcasts
Russ Ptacek – morning anchor/reporter (1988–1993); now at VNI Television and documentary filmmaker.
Devin Scillian – anchor/reporter; now at WDIV-TV in Detroit, and a children's author and country singer
Fred White – sports anchor; also former broadcaster for Kansas City Royals baseball games
Awards
WIBW-TV has won numerous awards for numerous newscasts and reporting throughout its history:
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
WIBW-TV signed on its digital signal on UHF channel 44 in 2002. The station shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 13, on February 16, 2009, the day prior to the original date on which full-power television stations in the United States were set to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later rescheduled for June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 44 to VHF channel 13. However, since the transition, some viewers in urban areas of the Topeka market have experienced difficulty receiving the station's channel 13 signal over-the-air. On December 7, 2009, the FCC granted WIBW a construction permit to build transmitter facilities for a fill-in digital translator on the station's pre-transition UHF digital channel 44.
Notes
References
External links
Television stations in Topeka, Kansas
CBS network affiliates
MeTV affiliates
Heroes & Icons affiliates
Start TV affiliates
Circle (TV network) affiliates
Grit (TV network) affiliates
Gray Television
Television channels and stations established in 1953
Wabaunsee County, Kansas
1953 establishments in Kansas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIBW-TV |
Samtgemeinde Sögel is a Samtgemeinde in the district Emsland in Lower Saxony, Germany.
The following towns are located in Sögel:
Gallery
References
Samtgemeinden in Lower Saxony
nl:Sögel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B6gel%20%28Samtgemeinde%29 |
The Pitts Specials Formation Aerobatic Team is a civilian airshow team flying Pitts Special S-2B biplanes throughout the United States, Central America and Canada.
External links
Team Home Page
Aviation in Canada
Aerobatic teams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitts%20Specials%20Formation%20Aerobatic%20Team |
This article lists foramina that occur in the human body.
Skull
The human skull has numerous openings (foramina), through which cranial nerves, arteries, veins, and other structures pass. These foramina vary in size and number, with age.
Spine
Within the vertebral column (spine) of vertebrates, including the human spine, each bone has an opening at both its top and bottom to allow nerves, arteries, veins, etc. to pass through.
Other
Apical foramen, the opening at the tip of the root of a tooth
Foramen ovale (heart), an opening between the venous and arterial sides of the fetal heart
Foramen transversarium, one of a pair of openings in each cervical vertebra, in which the vertebral artery travels
Greater sciatic foramen, a major foramen of the pelvis
Interventricular foramen, channels connecting ventricles in the brain
Intervertebral foramen, foramina formed between vertebrae
Lesser sciatic foramen, an opening between the pelvis and the posterior thigh
Obturator foramen, the opening created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis
Vertebral foramen, the foramen formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch
References
Foramina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20foramina%20of%20the%20human%20body |
Silver Lake Regional High School is a public, regional high school in Massachusetts' South Shore region. It is the only secondary school in the Silver Lake Regional School District, comprising the towns of Kingston, Plympton and Halifax, Massachusetts. From 1955 to 2004, the Silver Lake Regional School District included the town of Pembroke, Massachusetts.
History
Named for Silver Lake, which borders the four towns which belonged to the district for most of its history – Plympton, Halifax, Pembroke and Kingston - and which is situated near the campus, Silver Lake Regional High School opened on September 19, 1955, attended by students from the towns of Pembroke, Kingston, Plympton, Halifax and Carver in southeastern Massachusetts. The school was constructed for $1.7 million, and originally housed grades 7–12. Over ten thousand spectators attended the dedication, which was keynoted by Senator Leverett Saltonstall. The original graduating class was 81 students.
Carver left the district in 1959, and its students began attending Middleboro High School, before joining the Plymouth-Carver regional school district in 1963. In 1958, the seventh and eighth grades were split off into the former Kingston High School building (which stood behind the current Kingston Police Department headquarters), which became the first Silver Lake Junior High. In 1968, the region built a new junior high school building on Route 27 in Pembroke.
After the completion of Route 3 in 1962, the Silver Lake towns – as did the South Shore generally - experienced explosive population growth, well into the 1980s. The Silver Lake campus eventually grew too small for the growing populations of the towns – their combined population nearly trebled between the founding of the district and 1970 – and by 1970, the high school was on split sessions, becoming double sessions by 1974.
In 1974 the district began construction on the Silver Lake-Pembroke Campus on Learning Lane in Pembroke. Construction took two years at a cost of $3.7 million (which was funded by Pembroke residents). At the same time, the original Silver Lake-Kingston campus underwent a major addition which added a second gymnasium, new classrooms and a new vocational wing. Silver Lake–Pembroke was scheduled to open in September 1976, but was delayed until November 1976 due to vandalism and a fire during the summer of 1976. The fire caused the new sprinkler system to flood the building's lower level, and carpeting and sheetrock had to be replaced and repainted. The school eventually housed grades 9–12 of Pembroke residents, while Kingston, Halifax and Plympton residents continued to attend at the original building.
Silver Lake graduated its largest class, of 510 students, in 1981. Attendance peaked in 1980, when enrollment in the high school was 2100 students with just over 1000 students at the junior high. Subsequently, and throughout the 1980s, enrollment declined. In 1991, the region closed the junior high building, and converted the Pembroke campus to the junior high, while the Kingston campus once again became the sole high school campus, housing students from all four towns as it had prior to 1976. Attendance dropped from 2100 in 1980 to 1260 in 1993.
Continued overcrowding in the school led Pembroke (with a population by 2000 half again what it was in 1970) to withdraw from the district and form its own independent school district in 2002; its students remained enrolled in Silver Lake until 2004.
A new high school was constructed on the site of the original building, which opened in 2004. The school is one of the most expensive standing in Massachusetts and is adjacent to the district's middle school, the Silver Lake Middle School.
The 1955 high school building stood until 2005 when it was torn down; however, the original football field, Sirrico Field, remains.
The school was cited in Boston magazine as being one of the 2008 fifty top schools in eastern Massachusetts.
Athletics
The name for the Silver Lake teams is the Lakers.
Tony Sirrico, who had taught and coached at Pembroke High School in the 1950s became the first athletic director at Silver Lake. He also coached football and baseball at Silver Lake. In 1955 Silver Lake was a Division III school in the South Shore Conference. In 1966 it moved up to Division II and joined the Old Colony League. In 1986 it moved to Division I. The school has a football program (1980 Division III Super Bowl Champions) and was regionally known for excelling in basketball (in which it won a state title in 1960, coached by future Boston Celtics assistant coach John Killilea), hockey (in which it reached the Division II Eastern Mass Finals in 1977) and soccer (in which it won a state title in 1988).
In 2005, after the withdrawal of the town of Pembroke, Silver Lake began competing in Division II. The Lakers now compete in the Patriot League of southeastern Massachusetts.
For most of its existence, Silver Lake's chief rival was Plymouth-Carver High School, until the breakup of Plymouth-Carver into three separate high schools in 1988; thereafter, until the district's demerger, its chief rival was Bridgewater-Raynham Regional High School. The most notable current school rivalries are with Pembroke High School and Duxbury High School.
Notable alumni
Vinny deMacedo, class of 1983 - former Massachusetts state legislator.
Ben Edlund, class of 1986 - creator of The Tick comic book series, co-creator of science-fiction television show Firefly, and former writer and executive producer on the television show Supernatural.
Eric Flaim, class of 1985 - four-time Olympian (1988, 1992, 1994, 1998), two-time silver medalist (1500 meter long track, 1988; 5000 meter short track relay, 1994); first American to medal in two different Winter Olympic sports.
Tim Murphy, class of 1974 - Harvard football coach.
Joe Proctor, class of 2003 - UFC fighter.
Pat Seltsam, class of 1982 - World Cup silver medalist speedskater.
Kevin Stevens, class of 1983 - NHL All-Star left winger, two-time Stanley Cup champion with Pittsburgh Penguins.
Buddy Teevens, class of 1974 - Dartmouth and Stanford football coach.
Cleon Turner, class of 1963 - former Massachusetts state legislator.
References
Kingston, Massachusetts
High schools in Plymouth County, Massachusetts
Public high schools in Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Lake%20Regional%20High%20School |
The Tristan albatross (Diomedea dabbenena) is a large seabird from the albatross family. One of the great albatrosses of the genus Diomedea, it was only widely recognised as a full species in 1998.
Taxonomy
Albatrosses belong to the family Diomedeidae of the order Procellariiformes, along with shearwaters, petrels, storm petrels, and diving petrels. They share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper bill called naricorns, although the nostrils on the albatross are on the sides of the bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between 7 and 9 horny plates. Albatrosses also produce a stomach oil made up of wax esters and triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus. This is used against predators as well as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights.
While not all scientists believe it is a full species with some retaining it as a subspecies of the wandering albatross, a 2004 study of the mitochondrial DNA of the wandering albatross species complex supported the split. Other studies have shown it to be the most genetically distinct member of the wandering albatross superspecies. This may be due to it diverging from their common ancestor before all its relatives, or because it underwent particularly strong genetic drift. Among the major experts, BirdLife International has split this species, Clements has not yet, and the SACC has a proposal on the table to split it.
Etymology
Diomedea refers to Diomedes, whose companions turned to birds.
Description
The Tristan albatross is practically indistinguishable from the wandering albatross at sea but is smaller and has a slightly darker back. It is from beak to tail and has a wingspan of up to . The Tristan albatross also never attains the full white plumage of the wandering albatross, and its bill is about shorter.
Behavior
The Tristan albatross feeds on fish and cephalopods.
They breed biennially and will nest in wet heath from in elevation. They are monogamous, and do not start breeding until they are about 10 years old.
Range and habitat
Due to the difficulty in distinguishing them from wandering albatrosses, their distribution at sea is still not fully known, but the use of satellite tracking has shown that they forage widely in the South Atlantic, with males foraging west of the breeding islands towards South America and females to the east towards Africa. There have been sightings near Brazil and also off the coast of Australia.
Tristan albatrosses are endemic to the islands of the Tristan da Cunha group and more specifically Gough Island. The majority of the world's population nest on Gough Island, around 1500 pairs. On some years a pair breeds on Inaccessible Island.
Conservation
They were formerly threatened by introduced species, rats, cats and pigs, but these have now been removed from their breeding islands. However, this resulted in the population of mice, Mus musculus, increasing to the point where they would eat and kill albatross chicks en masse. Even though the chicks are huge compared to the mice, they do not know how to defend themselves appropriately. Today the main threat to the species is believed to be long-line fishing and these mice. Recent counts suggest that the population on Gough has decreased by 28% over 46 years, whereas population modelling predicts annual decline rates of 2.9–5.3%. More recent modelling, conducted over three generations since 1980, suggests a decline equivalent to a >96% reduction in population size over three generations, since declines began. The rate of decline is therefore placed here in the band of 80–100% over three generations (86 years).
Formerly classified as an endangered species by the IUCN, it was suspected to be more threatened than generally assumed and undergoing a marked decline. Following the evaluation of its status, this was found to be correct, and the Tristan albatross was consequently uplisted to Critically Endangered status in 2008. They have an occurrence range of and a breeding range of .
Footnotes
References
External links
BirdLife Species Factsheet.
Tristan albatross
Birds of islands of the Atlantic Ocean
Birds of subantarctic islands
Fauna of Gough Island
Endemic fauna of Tristan da Cunha
Tristan albatross | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan%20albatross |
The Dominican Republic national baseball team (Spanish: Selección de béisbol de República Dominicana) is the national baseball team of the Dominican Republic. The team has won the Baseball World Cup in 1948 and World Baseball Classic in 2013. They are the first team to have won both world competitions. They are currently ranked the 9th-best in the world by the World Baseball Softball Confederation. At the Olympics in 2021 it faced Israel, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, and the United States.
The team will compete against Team Israel, Team Puerto Rico, Team Venezuela, and Team Nicaragua in the 2023 World Baseball Classic in March 11-15, 2023 in Miami, Florida.
Results and fixtures
The following is a list of professional baseball match results currently active in the latest version of the WBSC World Rankings, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.
Legend
2019
2021
2022
2023
Current roster
Tournament record
World Baseball Classic
2006
The Dominican Republic was invited to play at the inaugural World Baseball Classic in 2006. Placed in Pool D for the opening round, the Dominican Republic swept through the group, defeating Venezuela, Italy, and Australia at Cracker Jack Stadium in Lake Buena Vista, United States. Prior to this, Carlo Rupnik from Ottawa NCR led the DR as a top import outfielder. After falling to Puerto Rico in the first game of the 2nd round in Puerto Rico, the Dominicans recovered to qualify for the semifinals by virtue of winning their last two games. They would fall in the semifinals, however, to Cuba.
2009
The Dominicans were placed in Pool D of the 2009 World Baseball Classic, playing their opening round games at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Considered one of the pre-tournament favorites with multiple Major League Baseball All-Stars, they were upset in their opening game of the modified double-elimination pool by the Netherlands. After eliminating Panama, they faced the Dutch again for the right to advance but were stunned in 11 innings and eliminated from the competition.
2013
Drawn into Pool C with Puerto Rico, Spain, and Venezuela at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan, Puerto Rico once again, the Dominicans opened the round-robin round 1 with a decisive 9–3 victory over 2009 semifinalists Venezuela. A victory over Spain and a Puerto Rico win over Venezuela ensured advancement to the second round; the Dominicans clinched the top seed by defeating the hosts. In the second round, the Dominicans rallied past upstart Italy despite an early 4–0 deficit at Marlins Park in Miami, United States. Two ninth-inning runs pushed the Dominicans past the host Americans and into the semifinals. Another victory over Puerto Rico ensured the Dominicans of the top seed and a chance to avoid two-time defending champions Japan national baseball team. Instead, they would face the surprising semifinalists Netherlands. After an early 1–0 deficit, four 5th-inning runs pushed the Dominican Republic into the final, where a 3–0 victory over Puerto Rico gave them their first-ever World Baseball Classic title. New York Yankees second baseman Robinson Canó was named MVP of the tournament.
2017
The Dominican Republic advanced out of the first round of the 2017 World Baseball Classic. The Dominican Republic’s win over the US set a new Marlins Park record for baseball game attendance with 37,446. Manny Machado of the Dominican Republic was named MVP for the first round Pool C bracket of the WBC, after batting .357. On the second round, however, they fell to both Puerto Rico and the United States, eliminating them from the World Baseball Classic and ending its championship reign.
2023
The team will compete against Team Israel, Team Puerto Rico, Team Venezuela, and Team Nicaragua in the 2023 World Baseball Classic in March 11-15, 2023 in Miami, Florida.
Olympic Games
The Dominican Republic team participated in the 1992 Games, the first medal competition for the sport, and finished 6th. The team failed to qualify for another competition before baseball was eliminated from the Olympics after the 2008 Games. Baseball was brought back for the 2020 Games, and the team qualified for the sixth and final spot in the competition.
At the Olympics in 2021 it faced Israel, Japan, Mexico, South Korea, and the United States.
Baseball World Cup
: 5th
: 2nd
: 3rd
: 5th
: 1st
: 2nd
: 4th
: 2nd
: 4th
: 5th
: 3rd
: 6th
: 6th
: 7th
: 4th
: 4th
: 5th
: 8th
: 12th
: 13th
: 8th
: 8th
Pan American Games
: 1st
: 2nd
Intercontinental Cup
: 3rd
References
External links
A site about baseball in the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic national baseball team | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominican%20Republic%20national%20baseball%20team |
Jubaea is a genus of palms with one species, Jubaea chilensis, commonly known in English as the Chilean wine palm or Chile cocopalm, and palma chilena in Spanish. It is native to southwestern South America and is endemic to a small area of central Chile between 32°S and 35°S in southern Coquimbo, Valparaíso, Santiago, O'Higgins, and northern Maule regions.
The extinct palm tree of Easter Island belonged to this genus as well. In 1991, the Easter Island palm was placed in its own genus, Paschalococos. However, this has not been widely accepted.
Growth
In its area of natural distribution young Jubaea'''s tend to grow near adult specimens, preferring also sunny and vegetated sites.
The thickest well-documented Jubaea was on the estate of J. Harrison Wright in Riverside, California. Its diameter "at shoulder height" was . The largest of several specimens at the Adelaide (South Australia) Botanic Garden in 1889 was stated to be thick at the base. A hollow (but living) Jubaea in the Ocoa Valley near La Campana National Park, Chile is thick at its base, with no apparent taper in the lower trunk. The largest individual specimen of indoor plant in the world was the Jubaea chilensis at Kew Gardens, which was cut off by staff in 2014 because it grew to the top of its greenhouse. Of the more than 2,600 known species of palms, Jubaea chilensis is the second most massive, exceeded only by the floodplain or river bottom variety of Borassus aethiopum.
Uses
The leaves can be used to weave baskets, and it has edible seeds, widely eaten and known as Coquito nuts. The sap can be used to make palm wine and palm syrup, although unlike other palms which can be tapped, the whole tree has to be felled; this is now restricted by legal protection.
Conservation
The species is partially protected within Chile, although pressures of human population growth and expansion of grazing areas have reduced the population of the Chilean wine palm in recent centuries. The collection of its seed and their predation by Common degu may also have a negative impact for the growth of new generations of Jubea. The IUCN Red List considers the palm Endangered.
History
Charles Darwin examined these trees on visiting Chile in 1832 on the second voyage of HMS Beagle and noted:
In 1843, a specimen was grown from seed at Kew Gardens in London, and was moved into the Temperate House in 1863, eventually growing to . It was believed to be the world's tallest indoor plant, until it had to be felled in 2013 because it had outgrown the space available and could not be moved. It has been replaced by seedlings from the original tree.
Gallery
See also
Dasyphyllum excelsum''
References
Further reading
C. Donoso (2005) Árboles nativos de Chile. Guía de reconocimiento. Edición 4. Marisa Cuneo Ediciones, Valdivia, Chile. 136p
Listed as Vulnerable (VU A1cd v2.3)
Information from Encyclopedia of Chilean Flora
C. Michael Hogan (2008) Chilean Wine Palm: Jubaea chilensis, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
External links
Jubaea chilensis species profile from Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Floridata: Jubaea chilensis; description and places in Europe where it has been introduced
Philip W. Rundel (2002) The Chilean Wine Palm
Palm & Cycad Society of Australia: Jubaea chilensis
Cocoseae
Monotypic Arecaceae genera
Flora of central Chile
Trees of Chile
Flora of the Chilean Matorral
Trees of Mediterranean climate
Vulnerable flora of South America
Garden plants of South America
Ornamental trees
Drought-tolerant trees
Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon
Taxa named by Juan Ignacio Molina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jubaea |
Subi-myeon is a rural township in Yeongyang County, Gyeongsangbuk-do, South Korea. Located in the rugged northeastern portion of Yeongyang County, it is the largest of the county's six divisions, covering some . More than 90% of that area is unused by humans; the local population numbers only 2,016. Of these, 67% are members of farming households which are divided among 15 ri.
Local attractions include the site of a kiln from the 17th century, and a medicinal spring that is said to have cured the illness of Joseon Dynasty scholar Yakcheon Geum Hui-seong.
See also
Subdivisions of South Korea
Geography of South Korea
Notes
External links
Government website (in Korean)
Towns and townships in North Gyeongsang Province
Yeongyang County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subi-myeon |
Stureby () is a residential area in southern Stockholm, approx. 3 kilometers from Skanstull. The district at 205 hectares is bordered with Örby, Örby slott, Östberga, Årstafältet, Gamla Enskede, Svedmyra, Gubbängen and Bandhagen.
There were farms in the area where Stureby is located in the year 1689 according to a map. The area started to be developed in the year 1921 by the company Fastighets AB Villahem. In 1923 the politicians in Stockholm decided to build a retirement home that was named Gammelbyn to commemorate Gustav Vasa's arrival in Stockholm 400 years earlier. The area was named Stureby after Sten Sture the Younger in 1926. In 1930 the retirement home Gammelbyn was finished and also a new tram station that was part of the tram line Örbybanan. Stureby nursing home opened in 1935. There once lived 1000 people in the retirement home and the nursing home. In 1938 a cinema named Tusse-bio opened in Stureby and was renamed to Corso in 1939. The tram line in Stureby was improved in the 1940s but got replaced with the metro in 1951. In 1953 the temporary metro station Stureby was made permanent and was then an end station. During the 1950s there was an elementary school called Sturebyskolan built and also some apartment blocks were built. Landstinget took over the retirement home Gammelbyn in 1971 and renamed it to Stureby sjukhus. The elementary school was renovated in the year 2000 and currently has 1000 students.
Gallery
References
External links
nona.net entry for Stureby.
Districts of Stockholm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stureby |
Arthur Duncan Gardner, FRCP, FRCS (28 March 1884 – 28 January 1977) was a British physician and scientist known for his contributions to the development of penicillin and his role as the Regius Professor of Medicine at the University of Oxford from 1948 to 1954.
Early life and education
Gardner was born on 28 March 1884. He received his education at Rugby School before enrolling at University College, University of Oxford, initially to study Law. However, after completing his degree, he chose to pursue a career in Medicine, diverging from his family's law practice. In 1911, he qualified as a physician and obtained the FRCS (Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons) qualification. Gardner then focused on pathology and began publishing scientific papers. During World War I, he briefly served as a Red Cross surgeon. In 1915, he joined the Standards Council in Oxford as a bacteriologist and became a Fellow of University College.
Contributions to penicillin development
In 1936, Gardner assumed the position of Professor of Bacteriology under Howard Florey at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology in Oxford. It was during this time that he became involved in the pioneering penicillin project. Collaborating with Jena Orr-Ewing, Gardner conducted research on the effects of penicillin against various harmful microbes. His investigations revealed that penicillin did not function as an enzyme or antiseptic, as previously believed. Instead, Gardner demonstrated that penicillin caused the targeted microbes to swell, explode, or perish without dividing.
Regius professorship and later life
Gardner's significant contributions to medical science, combined with his extensive experience, led to his appointment as the Regius Professor of Medicine at the University of Oxford, a prestigious position bestowed upon him by King George VI. Some skeptics questioned the influence of his friendship with the then-Prime Minister, Clement Attlee, whom Gardner had met during his undergraduate years at University College, as a potential factor in his appointment.
In 1953, Gardner delivered the Rede Lecture at the University of Cambridge, presenting a lecture titled "The Proper Study of Mankind." Following his tenure as Regius Professor of Medicine, he retired to Devon in 1956. Gardner died on 28 January 1977.
References
1884 births
1977 deaths
People educated at Rugby School
Alumni of University College, Oxford
British medical researchers
English bacteriologists
20th-century English medical doctors
English scientists
Fellows of University College, Oxford
Regius Professors of Medicine (University of Oxford) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20D.%20Gardner |
Li Yuqin (15 July 1928 – 24 April 2001), sometimes referred to as the "Last Imperial Concubine" (), was the fourth wife of China's last emperor Puyi. She married Puyi when the latter was the nominal ruler of Manchukuo, a puppet state established by the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
Biography
Li Yuqin was a Han Chinese woman who was born in Changchun to a middle class family from Shandong. Her father, Li Degui was a translator to a local missionary organisation, while her mother, Wang Xiuru, was the owner of a small silk farm in Changchun’s outskirts. Both sides of Li’s family served the imperial court, with her paternal great grandmother being the wet nurse to the Xianfeng Emperor’s daughter and her maternal family being court physicians. After the fall of the Qing dynasty, many people who worked in the imperial court were banished by republican forces to the countryside provinces, which is how the Li family ended up in the commoner class. Li had two brothers and three sisters and had a relatively happy childhood.
Li attended Nanling Girls' Academy () in Changchun, then known as Hsinking, the capital of Manchukuo. In February 1943, Li and nine other girl students were taken by their principal Kobayashi and teacher Fujii to a photography studio for portraits. Three weeks later, the school principal and teacher visited Li's home and told her that Manchukuo's emperor Puyi had ordered her to go to the palace to study. She was first taken directly to Yasunori Yoshioka, who thoroughly questioned her. Yoshioka then drove her back to her parents and told them Puyi ordered her to study at the palace. Money was promised to the parents. She was subjected to a medical examination and then taken to Puyi's sister Yunhe and instructed in palace protocol. Li then became a concubine of Puyi and was given the title of Noble Lady Fu (). She lived a lavish lifestyle and had many servants. Li stated that she and Puyi only consummated their relationship once and never had sex again.
In 1945 the Manchukuo regime collapsed following the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II. Li attempted to flee from Changchun, alongside Puyi, Empress Wanrong and other remaining members of the old Qing court. She, as well as the rest of Puyi's family was evacuated with him by train from Changchun to Dalizigou. From there, however, Puyi continued by plane with only two of his sisters, his brothers, three nephews, his physician and a servant to Mukden, where he was arrested and taken to the Soviet Union. According to Puyi, Li Yuqin was very frightened and begged to be taken with him, when he left from Dalizigou to Mukden, but he assured her that she and Wanrong could reach Japan as well by train. Some documents state that Puyi let the women go by train in the belief that women would be better treated by the military than men.
They were shortly arrested by Soviet forces and sent to a prison in Changchun. Empress Wanrong was experiencing significant opium withdrawal symptoms at that time. Empress Wanrong died shortly in the same year before Li was released in 1946 and sent back home. She worked in a textile factory and in a library in Changchun, studying the works of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. In 1955 she began visiting Puyi in prison. After applying to the Chinese authorities for a divorce, Li was shown into a room with a large bed on her fifth visit to Puyi. According to Li it was the leader of Puyi's ''unit'' who wanted to reform Puyi.
Li said of Emperor Puyi: ''As an emperor, he brought a lot of disaster to the Chinese people and became a collaborator. But as a human being, he also suffered a lot of pain and misery much heavier than the common people's."
Li officially divorced Puyi in 1958. She later married a technician named Huang Yugeng (), with whom she had two sons. During the Cultural Revolution Li became a target for attack by the Red Guards because she used to be Puyi's concubine.
She died on 24 April 2001 at the age of 73 in Changchun after a six-year battle with cirrhosis.
Notes
External links
Ex-wife of China's Last Emperor Dies People's Daily Online, April 28, 2001
1928 births
2001 deaths
Manchukuo royalty
Deaths from cirrhosis
People from Changchun
Remarried royal consorts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%20Yuqin |
Vila Nova de Cerveira () is a municipality in the district of Viana do Castelo in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 9,253, in an area of 108.47 km².
The municipal holiday is October 1.
Parishes
Administratively, the municipality is divided into 11 civil parishes (freguesias):
Campos e Vila Meã
Candemil e Gondar
Cornes
Covas
Gondarém
Loivo
Mentrestido
Reboreda e Nogueira
Sapardos
Sopo
Vila Nova de Cerveira e Lovelhe
General information
The town was founded by King Dinis of Portugal in 1321 and today is mainly known and visited due to the international biennial of art that takes place in the town since 1978.
Location
Between the river and the mountain, Vila Nova de Cerveira is located on the left bank of Minho River, which establishes the border with Spain, and is limited to northeast with the municipality of Valença, Paredes de Coura to the east, Ponte de Lima to the south, and Caminha to south-southwest.
The name of the village
The name of the village is explained by a legend.
"Once upon a time... there was a stag (deer) that was chosen by the Gods of Olympos to become a King. And so the stag decided to move, together with other stags, to this uninhabited territory that began to be known as "Terras de Cervaria" (Land of the Stags). Many years flew past. Fights, skirmishes, and disasters gradually devastated the colony until only the King Stag was left. According to the legend, when the noblemen from Asturias came down during the Reconquest to conquer what was to become the Condado Portucalense (Portugal), a young noblemen challenged the King Stag to a face-to-face duel. And the old Lord accepted. The duel took place among the trees and weeds on a trenched site. And, so the legend tells, the King Stag swept to victory! He kept the nobleman's flag that turned to be the King's coat of arms. But the Gods deceived the old King. He wouldn't be immortal... Tired of living and ill, the old Lord died in the loneliness of the crags and with him disappeared for good the Terra da Cervaria."
But the legend wasn't forgotten, and the coat of arms still bears a golden passant stag in silver armour standing in a green field.
History
Vila Nova de Cerveira was established by the King Dinis of Portugal on 1 October 1321, who also ordered the construction of Castelo de Vila Nova de Cerveira, the castle that still dominates the town center.
Attractions
The castle, today transformed to a pousada, was founded by King Dinis of Portugal and dates back from the 14th century. It lies on a small hill that rises next to the Minho River, thus overlooking the town and passages between Vila Nova de Cerveira and Galicia. The castle still preserves the old wall shield as well as some gates. Inside the walls, it is possible to find the old Town Hall, the old Court, the pillory (pelourinho in Portuguese), old barracks, and warehouses.
The Parish Church, or Igreja Matriz, was built in the 18th century and is dedicated to São Cipriano, the patron Saint of Vila Nova de Cerveira.
The pillory, or pelourinho, is a symbol of municipal jurisdiction and is located inside the castle in front of the old Town Hall, or Paços do Concelho. It dates back from the 15th century.
The old Town Hall dates back from the 16th century and is located inside the castle. In front of the building is the pillory.
The Misericórdia Church is located inside the castle and dates back from the 17th century.
The Manor House of the Castros Family, or Solar dos Castros, is a remarkable 18th-century structure, and it is one of the most important buildings in town. Currently, it houses the municipal library.
Lovelhe Fortress was built in the 17th century in a strategic area for defense manoeuvers on the left bank of Minho River during the restoration war (1640–1668) against Castile
Notable people
Leonel de Lima (1403-1495) a nobleman, Viscount of Vila Nova de Cerveira.
Paulo Cabral (born 1972) a former footballer with 238 club caps and one with Portugal
Ricardo Alves (born 1991) a footballer with over 250 club caps
References
External links
Municipality official website
Towns in Portugal
Municipalities of Viana do Castelo District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vila%20Nova%20de%20Cerveira |
The fiery-billed aracari or fiery-billed araçari (Pteroglossus frantzii) is a near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
Taxonomy and systematics
Major taxonomic systems have long treated the fiery-billed aracari as a species that is closely related to the collared aracari (P. torquatus). At least one 20th century author treated it as a subspecies of the collared aracari.
The fiery-billed aracari is monotypic.
The species' specific epithet commemorates the German naturalist Alexander von Frantzius.
Description
The fiery-billed aracari is about long and weighs . Like other toucans, the fiery-billed aracari is brightly marked and has a large bill. The adult's bill has a vertical ivory line at its base. Its mandible is black. Its maxilla is mostly red, with a black culmen, yellow tip, and greenish base. Adults have a black head, neck, and throat with a chestnut collar on the nape. Bare red skin surrounds the eye. Their back is blue-green and their rump is red. Their underparts are bright yellow with a red band across the belly and a black spot in the center of the breast. Their thighs are chestnut. Females differ from males only in having a darker chestnut collar and a shorter bill. Immatures have duller plumage overall; its pattern and that of their bill are indistinct.
Distribution and habitat
The fiery-billed aracari is found from the Gulf of Nicoya on Costa Rica's Pacific coast south into Panama's western Chiriquí Province. It formerly occurred as far east as Veraguas Province. It inhabits the interior and edges of wet primary and secondary forest. In elevation it mostly ranges from sea level to but is occasionally found as high as .
Behavior
Movement
The fiery-billed aracari is considered a year-round resident throughout its range.
Social behavior
Fiery-billed aracaris typically travel in groups of about six or more individuals that sometimes include other toucan species. They also roost communally; several may occupy a cavity overnight.
Feeding
The fiery-billed aracari's diet is mostly fruit but it also feeds on large insects, the eggs and nestlings of other birds, and other small vertebrates. It mostly forages in or close under the canopy but will feed on fruits in the understory. They glean fruit by stretching from a perch, bending, and even hanging upside down.
Breeding
The fiery-billed aracari's breeding season in Costa Rica is January to April and may extend later in Panama. The typical clutch size is two though sometimes more are laid. It typically nests in a woodpecker hole, either abandoned or from which they evict the woodpeckers, and which may be as high as above the ground. The incubation period and time to fledging are not known. Both parents incubate the eggs and provision the nestlings and fledglings. They are often helped by one or more other adults that may be from the previous season's brood. Young nestlings are fed mostly insects.
Vocalization
The fiery-billed aracari's calls include high pitched "'pseep' to 'sis-sik' in series" that are essentially the same as those of the collared aracari. It also makes "a croaking call, and soft rattle."
Status
The IUCN has assessed the fiery-billed aracari as being of Least Concern. It has a large range and an estimated population of at least 50,000 mature individuals, though the latter is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified. It occurs in at least two protected areas in Costa Rica. Its range contraction in Panama suggests that more research is needed.
References
External links
Bibliography of online, ornithological articles which explore the natural history of the Fiery-billed aracari, Pteroglossus torquatus frantzii.
Fiery-billed Aracari photo gallery VIREO
fiery-billed aracari
Birds of Costa Rica
Birds of Panama
fiery-billed aracari | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiery-billed%20aracari |
Västertorp (Westcroft) is a district of the Hägersten-Liljeholmen borough in Söderort, the southern suburban part of Stockholm, Sweden.
History
The district was formed on February 1, 1948. The suburb was constructed between 1949 and 1954. The city plan was established by the city planning director Sven Markelius (1889-1972).
In the center of Västertorp, the 11-storey high-rise center, nursing homes and old-age homes were erected in the late 1950s after drawings by architect Nils Sterner (1904-1990).
Västertorp metro station was opened in 1964.
Västertorp School was designed in 1949 by architect Stig Åkermark (1903-1995) and was inaugurated in 1951.
Västertorp gymnasium was designed by architect Curt Laudon (1906-1964). It was in use as a high school during the years 1957–1984.
In 2007, the former school premises were converted into housing.
Västertorp Sculpture Park (Västertorps skulpturpark) is a collection of 21 outdoor sculptures.
The park is recognized for the many sculptures decorating the area. Most of the sculptures were erected during the 1950s and are made by Swedish sculptors. Art represented includes work by sculptors Stig Blomberg (1901-1970), Eric Grate (1896-1983) and Ivar Johnsson (1885-1970).
The sculptures were placed on the initiative of Fritz Herman Eriksson (1889-1970), director of land developer Olsson & Rosenlunds AB.
Västertorp Sculpture Park
References
Districts of Stockholm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4stertorp |
Still Got the Blues is the eighth solo studio album by Northern Irish guitarist Gary Moore, released in March 1990. It marked a substantial change in style for Moore, who had been predominantly known for rock and hard rock music with Skid Row, Thin Lizzy, G-Force, Greg Lake and during his own extensive solo career, as well as his jazz-fusion work with Colosseum II. As indicated by its title, Still Got the Blues saw him delve into an electric blues style.
The album features guest contributions from Albert King, Albert Collins and George Harrison.
The title track was released as a single and reached No. 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 on 16 February 1991. It is the only single of Moore's to chart on the Billboard Hot 100.
The album reached No. 83 on the Billboard 200 on 16 February 1991, then was certified gold by the RIAA in November 1995. This was Moore's most successful album both in terms of sales and chart position in the US.
Track listing
Side One
"Moving On" - (Gary Moore) - 2:39
Gary Moore - guitar, vocals
Mick Weaver - piano
Andy Pyle - bass
Graham Walker - drums
"Oh Pretty Woman" - (A. C. Williams) - 4:25
Gary Moore - guitar, vocals
Albert King - guitar
Raoul D'Olivera - trumpet
Frank Mead - alto and tenor saxophones
Nick Pentelow - tenor saxophone
Nick Payn - baritone saxophone
Don Airey - Hammond organ
Andy Pyle - bass
Graham Walker - drums
"Walking By Myself" - (Jimmy Rogers) - 2:56
Gary Moore - guitar, vocals
Frank Mead - harmonica
Mick Weaver - piano
Andy Pyle - bass
Graham Walker - drums
"Still Got the Blues (For You)" - (Moore) - 6:12
Gary Moore - guitar, vocals
Gavyn Wright - leader of the string section
Don Airey - keyboards
Nicky Hopkins - piano
Andy Pyle - bass
Graham Walker - drums
"Texas Strut" - (Moore) - 4:51
Gary Moore - guitar, vocals
Don Airey - Hammond organ
Bob Daisley - bass
Brian Downey - drums
Side Two
"Too Tired" - (Johnny "Guitar" Watson, Maxwell Davies, Saul Bihari) - 2:51
Gary Moore - guitar, vocals
Albert Collins - guitar
Stuart Brooks - trumpet
Frank Mead - alto saxophone
Nick Pentelow - tenor saxophone
Nick Payn - baritone saxophone
Don Airey - piano
Andy Pyle - bass
Graham Walker - drums
"King of the Blues" - (Moore) - 4:36
Gary Moore - guitar, vocals
Raoul D'Olivera - trumpet
Frank Mead - alto and tenor saxophones
Nick Pentelow - tenor saxophone
Nick Payn - baritone saxophone
Don Airey - Hammond organ
Andy Pyle - bass
Brian Downey - drums
"As the Years Go Passing By" - (Deadric Malone) - 7:46
Gary Moore - guitar, vocals
Frank Mead - tenor saxophones
Nick Payn - baritone saxophone
Don Airey - Hammond organ
Nicky Hopkins - piano
Bob Daisley - bass
Brian Downey - drums
"Midnight Blues" - (Moore) - 4:58
Gary Moore - guitar, vocals
Gavyn Wright - leader of the string section
Mick Weaver - electric piano
Andy Pyle - bass
Graham Walker - drums
CD Release Bonus Tracks
"That Kind of Woman" - (George Harrison) - 4:32
Gary Moore - lead guitar, lead vocals
George Harrison - rhythm and slide guitars, backing vocals
Martin Drover - trumpet
Frank Mead - alto saxophone
Nick Pentelow - tenor saxophone
Nick Payn - baritone saxophone
Nicky Hopkins - piano
Bob Daisley - bass
Graham Walker - drums
"All Your Love" - Otis Rush - 3:32
Gary Moore - guitar, vocals
Mick Weaver - Hammond organ
Andy Pyle - bass
Graham Walker - drums
"Stop Messin' Around" - (Clifford Davis, Peter Green) - 4:00
Gary Moore - guitar, vocals
Frank Mead - saxophone
Mick Weaver - piano
Andy Pyle - bass
Graham Walker - drums
Personnel
Gary Moore - lead vocals, lead and rhythm guitars
Don Airey - keyboards
Stuart Brooks - trumpet
Albert Collins - guitar
Bob Daisley - bass guitar
Raul d'Oliveira - trumpet
Brian Downey - drums
Martin Drover - trumpet
George Harrison - guitar, vocals
Nicky Hopkins - keyboards
Albert King - guitar
Frank Mead - saxophone
Nick Payn - saxophone
Nick Pentelow - saxophone
Andy Pyle - bass guitar
Graham Walker - drums
Mick Weaver - piano
Gavyn Wright - strings
Chart positions
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
Gary Moore albums
1990 albums
Virgin Records albums
Charisma Records albums
Albums involved in plagiarism controversies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20Got%20the%20Blues |
Harry Benjamin Combs (27 January 1913 – 23 December 2003), America aviation pioneer, airplane manufacturer, and author. He was founder of Combs Aviation and president of Gates Learjet Corporation.
He was a pioneering soaring pilot who "lived and breathed the Golden and Jet Ages of aviation." He was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1996.
Early life
Combs was from Denver, Colorado. His father was Albert Henry Combs, a pilot with the Royal Flying Corps in Canada.
Combs saw his first airplane in 1917 at the age of four when he traveled with his grandmother from Denver to a Royal Flying Corps training field in Deseronto, Canada where his father was training. Combs' father was shot down twice while in aviation combat in World War I, and was said to have warned his son never to set foot in an airplane.
From 1920 to 1926, Combs attended Fessenden School, a preparatory boarding school in Massachusetts. While at school, he read Diary of an Unknown Aviator, World War I chronicle by Elliot White Springs. Combs was inspired by Springs and wanted to fly an airplane, despite his father's warning. While on summer vacation in Denver in 1926, Combs and a friend paid $4 for a ride in a mail plane.
In 1927, Combs enrolled in the Taft School in Connecticut for five years. That was the same year, Charles Lindbergh made his historic crossing of the Atlantic. When Combs saw a magazine advertisement for $99 flying lessons taught by Lindbergh's old company, he made his way to St. Louis for three hours of flight instruction.
In 1929, after thirty hours of flying, the sixteen–year–old Combs designed and built a sport biplane named Vamp Bat. However, the Vamp Bat was short-lived, and crashed after a flight in Pueblo, Colorado. Combs said, “You didn't have any means of controlling it when the wind was blowing. There were no brakes—just a tailskid. If you sped up, it got away from you and you turned upside down. I was hanging upside down inches from the ground. It busted up. I should have known that when you don't have brakes you have to stay on the grass.”
Starting in 1931, he attended Yale University's Sheffield Scientific School, graduating in 1935 with a degree in applied economics. While at Yale, he lettered in track and football and was a member and president of St. Anthony Hall. He was also chairman of Cannon & Castle Military Society and a member of the Torch Honor Society.
He then attended reserve officer’s training, where he was commissioned as a ROTC second lieutenant in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. However, he did not go on to cadet training because he had fallen in love—and cadets were not allowed to get married.
Career
Aviation
In 1935, Combs worked as a ticket agent for Pan American Airways but quit after two years because he wanted to fly. Then, he ran a small flying service in Armonk, New York. Next, he worked in investment banking with Bosworth, Chanute, Loughridge & Co. in Denver. Wanting to return to airplanes, he was enlisted as a second lieutenant pilot officer in the Colorado National Guard 120th Observation Squadron, logging enough flying time to earn an instructor's rating. Now able to teach, he was hired by the Ray Wilson Flight School in Denver as an instructor.
In 1938, he co-founded Mountain States Aviation in Denver, a flying school and airplane sales company. In 1939, he started Combs Aircraft Corp. to design and build an experimental aircraft known as the Combscraft; however, the airplane could not pass a spin test and the project was abandoned.
During World War II, Mountain States Aviation trained more than 9,000 pilots on bombers, fighter planes, freight planes, and gliders with 45 planes, 45 flight instructors, and 160 employees. In 1944, he enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Forces and flew C-54 transport planes across the North Atlantic, Africa, and India. After a year, he was honorably discharged to return to his company.
Combs was the state director of Civil Defense for Air from 1951 to 1954. He was also associated with Lockheed Aircraft's Skunk Works, working on the U-2, the F-104, and the SR-71 Blackbird projects.
In 1958, Combs Aircraft operated from Stapleton Airport and grew into of the largest network of aircraft sales and service centers in the United States, and the leading Beechcraft distributor in the United States. In 1962, he sold Mountain State Aviation. By 1964, he was the largest Beechcraft distributor in the world. Combs developed and implemented business practices that are now industry standards.
President John F. Kennedy appointed Combs to Project Beacon which was tasked with modernizing air traffic control systems in the United States. Combs developed a plan to separate air traffic based on aircraft performance . Many of Combs' suggestions are still used today by the FAA. He was also a consultant to NASA during the early days of the manned space program and helped create an air-training base in Arizona for CIA Covert Operations.
Comb Aircraft was sold to Gates Rubber Company for $1.5 million in December 1966. Renamed Combs Gates Denver Inc., it became a subsidiary of Gates Aviation Corp. Combs decided to retire.
In December 1969, stockholders elected Combs to serve as president of the board of directors of Gates Learjet, a new merger of Gates Rubber and Lear Jet Industries. In October 1970, he moved to Wichita, Kansas to oversee Gates Learjet, which manufactured corporate airplanes. His salary was around $50,000 a year, but the company was failing with a $13 million deficit. Combs said, “When I first got down there, I said to the sales manager, ‘What are our hot prospects?' He had about three. We had about 800 employees and half-built bodies of airplanes laying around. There were no sales. I was told it was because the market was bad. I said, ‘No, it's the way we’re running things!’”
Under Combs’ leadership, Gates Learjet made a remarkable financial turnaround, with some $15 million in the bank and no debt by June 1972. It became the largest manufactures of business aircraft in the world. In 1975, he relocated the business from Wichita to Tucson, Arizona. The Learjet was the first United States civil aircraft to be FAA-approved for a normal cruise at 51,000 feet. It was also the first plane to incorporate NASA's thrust-enhancing "winglet" technology. He retired in 1982 when the company had $240 million in equity.
Combs was also the founder of the national chain of corporate airplane service centers, AMR Combs.
Writing
Neil Armstrong gave Combs a copy of the Wright brothers notebooks. Combs was amazed by what he read, and even went to Hollywood to try and put together a television show about the brothers. When that did not pan out, he decided to write a book. In 1979, Combs', Kill Devil Hill: Discovering the Secret of the Wright Brothers, was published. It received the James J. Streiberg Award from the Aviation/Space Writer’s Foundation and the National Air and Space Museum.
He also wrote a trilogy of western novels, starting with Brules in 1992. Brules won a Big Horse Award from Conquistadores del Cielo.
Professional affiliations
Combs served on the board of the National Aeronautic Association and the Aerospace Industries Association. He was also a president of the Wings Club.
He was chairman of the Colorado State Game and Fish Commission and served on the Colorado Aeronautics Commission and the Colorado State Air and Water Pollution Board.
Publications
Nonfiction
Kill Devil Hill: Discovering the Secret of the Wright Brothers, with Martin Caiden. Houghton-Mifflin, 1979. .
At the Battle of Little Big Horn Where Was Custer? Ternstyle Press, 1999
Fiction
Brules. Island Books, 1995.
The Scout. Dell, 1996.
Legend of the Painted Horse. Dell, 1997.
Articles and presentations
"The Air Age Was Now" with Martin Caiden. American Heritage vol. 31:1 (December 1979).
"Four Flights at Kill Devil," Dayton Daily News, (January 27, 1980): 89.
Twelve Seconds that Changed the World: The Amazing Story of the Wright Brothers. Washington, D.C.: American Society for Aerospace Education, 1982
Video
How Strong Is The Wind —40 minutes. TernStyle Press, Ltd, 1983. 303-790-8250
Awards
1998: Exceptional Achievement Award, Soaring Society of America
1997: World Distance Award, Soaring Society of America for completing 40,000 Km WDA
1994: Exceptional Achievement Award, Soaring Society of America
1993: Big Horse Award, Conquistadores del Cielo, for Brules
1985: Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy, National Aeronautic Association
1985: Exceptional Achievement Award, Soaring Society of America
1984: Elder Statesman of Aviation Award, National Aeronautic Association
1981: Distinguished Achievement Award, Wings Club
1980: James J. Streiberg Award, Aviation/Space Writer’s Foundation, National Air and Space Museum, for Kill Devil Hill
1974: Man of the Year, General Aviation Awards, Federal Aviation Administration
1968: Diamond Distance Flight #90 (Int #609), Soaring Society of America
1964: Gold Distance Flight #195, Soaring Society of America
1964: Silver Distance Fli`ght #813, Soaring Society of America
1962: Man of the Year, Beechcraft
Distinguished Service Award, FAA/U.S Department of Transportation
Honors
In 2003, he was named one of the century’s 100 Aviation Pioneers during a ceremony held at Wright Brothers National Memorial.
In 2001, the National Aviation Hall of Fame named its Harry B. Combs Research Center in his honor.
In 1997, he was selected to present The Ralph Stanton Barnaby Lecture to the Soaring Society of America.
In 1995, the Soaring Society of America created the Henry Combs Perpetual Trophy, recognizing 200+ Diamond Distance Flights
In 1996, he was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame.
In 1983, he became an honorary member of the Lafayette Flying Corps.
In 1973, he was inducted into the Colorado Aviation Hall of Fame.
Personal life
In 1936, Combs married Clara Van Schaack. They had three children—Harry B. Combs Jr., Anthony "Tony" Combs, and Clara Combs—before divorcing in 1954. He married his second wife Virginia (Ginney) in 1956.
Combs liked skiing, fishing, and big game hunting, going on safaris in Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Uganda, and Zambia. He was an avid horseman and owned three cattle ranches in Colorado—The Sleeping Indian in Ridgeway, a 19,000-acre ranch and game preserve in Elbert and El Paso counties, and a 6,000-acre cattle ranch and game reserve in Ouray County. After he retired, he summered at a ranch in Montana and spent the winters in Wickenburg. However, he also maintained a house in Denver.
For the First Flight Centennial Celebration of the Wright brothers' first flight, Combs donated a full-scale reproduction of the 1903 Wright Flyer to the National Park Service. Valued at $1 million, the airplane replica was reversed engineered using documents from the Wright brothers. On December 17, 2003, he attended the dedication ceremonies for the Combs-Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk. The replica was displayed at the Wright Brothers National Memorial at Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina. He gave $1.2 million to the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2001 for a learning and research center.
In 2003, he died in New York City at the age of 90 due to a heart condition.
References
1913 births
2003 deaths
People from Denver
Taft School alumni
Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science alumni
Yale Bulldogs athletes
St. Anthony Hall
Aviators from Colorado
Aviation pioneers
American aviators
Aircraft designers
American glider pilots
American flight instructors
American aerospace engineers
Aviation inventors
NASA people
American aviation writers
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20B.%20Combs |
Archible Ernest "Buck" Houghton (May 4, 1915 – May 14, 1999) was an American television producer and writer best known for producing the first three seasons of The Twilight Zone, as well as many other television programs and independent films from the 1950s through the 1990s. He first entered the film industry as a reader and story editor for David O. Selznick in the 1930s. He moved over to Paramount, working his way up to the casting office and then to the budget department. During World War II, he helped make films for the Office of War Information. Following the war, Houghton assisted executive producers at RKO, and had a two-year stint as a story editor for MGM. He soon became involved in producing early TV dramas such as “China Smith,” “Meet McGraw,” “Yancy Derringer” and “Man with a Camera.”
Houghton reached a pinnacle in his career when he was hired by Bill Self at CBS to produce the first 39 episodes of Rod Serling's “The Twilight Zone” in its original half-hour format. When the network insisted the fourth season consist of hour-long shows, Buck decided it was time to move on. His subsequent collaboration with dramatist Clifford Odets, "The Richard Boone Show" (1963–64) was the only repertory company on television, in which a resident cast of actors played different roles in a TV play every week. It was nominated for the Outstanding Dramatic Series Emmy Award in 1964.
Other credits include seasons of “High Chaparral,” “Harry O.,” “Hawaii 5-O” and the American Zoetrope film, "The Escape Artist."
Early life
Houghton was born in Denver, CO. His parents moved to Los Angeles because of his mother's ill health; she died when he was eleven years old. He graduated from Los Angeles High School in 1933, where he was known as Arch Houghton. He attended UCLA, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, majored in Economics and English and lettered in varsity track and field as a high-jumper. While attending high school and college, he helped out backstage on several films by Cecil B. DeMille, along with his close friend and classmate Horace Hahn.
Family
He and Wanda Jackson were married in 1946 and remained so until his death. He was the father of Jim Houghton and Mona Houghton.
Death
Houghton died in Los Angeles at the age of 84 on May 14, 1999. He was suffering from emphysema and Lou Gehrig's disease.
Filmography, Producer/Writer
Filmography, Actor
Published works
What a Producer Does (Samuel French) is a primer for would-be film and television producers.
References
External links
1915 births
1999 deaths
Television producers from California
Deaths from emphysema
Deaths from motor neuron disease
Neurological disease deaths in California
20th-century American businesspeople
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
Los Angeles High School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buck%20Houghton |
Good Morning Spider is the second album by American indie rock band Sparklehorse. It was released on July 20, 1998 by record label Capitol.
It has been well-received by music critics.
Background
Following the release of their first album Vivadixiesubmarinetransmissionplot, Sparklehorse embarked on a European tour opening for Radiohead, who praised Sparklehorse as their favorite new band. It was during this tour in 1996 that Mark Linkous suffered a near-fatal overdose that would have long-lasting effects on both his physical and psychological well-being.
After mixing antidepressants and alcohol, Linkous passed out in the bathroom of his London hotel room with his legs pinned underneath him, which cut off circulation to his legs. It would be over fourteen hours before the unconscious singer was finally discovered and rushed to the hospital. When paramedics tried to straighten out his legs, Linkous suffered a heart attack and was clinically dead for three minutes before being resuscitated. A series of painful surgeries followed, along with a three-month stay at St Mary's Hospital in London.
Initially, Linkous was confined to a wheelchair, which didn't prevent him from performing a number of concerts in 1997. Finally he was fitted with leg braces and began learning how to walk again.
In a 2001 interview, Linkous, who battled depression his entire life, admitted that he had no memory of the overdose, and he wasn't sure if it had been intentional or an accident. But five years later, he stated that he didn't believe it was intentional; it was simply the result of "being stupid with drugs". Linkous' brother told a Richmond, Virginia news outlet in 2010 that he felt it had been an accident brought on by insomnia and other health problems the songwriter was experiencing at the time. Family members noticed that Linkous' recurring bouts with depression became deeper and more prolonged following his overdose.
In the midst of his convalescence, Linkous became concerned that brain damage from his near-death experience would affect his ability to write songs again. His friend David Lowery from the band Cracker brought him a guitar, but according to Linkous, "it took me a long time to be able to make chords again".
Eventually, writing began on the songs that would become Good Morning Spider, which, Rolling Stone noted, explored themes of "frustration, resignation, wonder and gratitude" – feelings that swirled in Linkous' mind during his recovery. The album's title came from a sound that Sparklehorse singer-songwriter Mark Linkous once heard from an old pump organ that reminded him of a spider building a web. He was later told about an old folk superstition in which seeing a spider in the morning is an omen for a sad day. One of the first songs written was "Saint Mary", which was about Linkous' London hospital stay. In another song, "Pig", the songwriter vented his anger at his physical disability and the desire to have his old body back.
Recording
Good Morning Spider was recorded in Linkous' 16-track home studio set up in an old farmhouse outside Richmond, Virginia that he owned. An arsenal of thrift store keyboards and discarded equipment was employed to give the album its distinctive sound. In a 1999 interview, Linkous listed some of his favorite gear:
I have a lot of cheap, little keyboards and this octagon [sic – optigan] thing and this synth module that has a zillion different sounds in it. A lot of the keyboards I got at thrift stores. I have a little Casio SK-1 that has a built in sampler. My favorite microphone I found at the landfill. It was on a CB base station. I've got these wireless intercoms from the '50s from an auction from a dentist's office.
Linkous experimented with songs and sounds on the album; the song "Chaos of the Galaxy/Happy Man" is notable for its middle section, which consists of nothing but radio static. This was done intentionally by Linkous, who not only wanted the recording to sound like an AM radio station broadcast but also feared that the song was too catchy otherwise and would end up being used by Capitol Records as a radio single. As he deadpanned to the online music blog Swizzle-Stick at the time, "'Happy Man' kind of sounds like everything on the radio. Who needs that?" Eventually, Linkous was convinced by Eric Drew Feldman to re-record a radio-friendly version of "Happy Man" without the static at Easley McCain Recording studios in Memphis, Tennessee. Easley was chosen because some of Linkous' favorite artists like Pavement, Cat Power and Guided by Voices had previously recorded there.
Vic Chesnutt was scheduled to appear on the album but couldn't make it to the sessions, so Linkous inserted Chesnutt's phone message apology into the song "Sunshine".
Reception
Good Morning Spider has been well-received by music critics. Stephen Thompson of The A.V. Club called it "a great record, though spotty by design, and it gets better with each successive listen."
Track listing
Personnel
Mark Linkous – vocals, guitar, bass, Wurlitzer, piano, optigan, sampler, vibraphone, harmonium, speak and spell, concertina, percussion, drum machine
Sophie Michalitsianos – vocals, cello on tracks 2 to 4, 6, 7, 10 and 15 to 17
Scott Minor – drums on tracks 1 and 15, harmonium on track 4
Paul Watson – cornet on track 2
Melissa Moore – violin on tracks 3, 6, 7, 10 and 16
Johnny Hott – drums on track 8, piano on track 5
Stephen McCarthy – pedal steel guitar on track 13
David Lowery – guitar, drum machine on track 5, bass on track 8
Vic Chesnutt – answering voice on track 7
References
External links
1998 albums
Sparklehorse albums
Capitol Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good%20Morning%20Spider |
Colegio Marista de Guaynabo is a private Roman Catholic school in Puerto Rico conducted by the Marist Brothers. It is one of the many Marist schools that take place within 80 countries around the world, being this one the first one to be located in the island of Puerto Rico.
History
In 1963, a group of families interested in having a catholic education for their boys, expressed their interest to the Archbishop of San Juan, Monsignor Jaime Dávila for the creation of the school.
On September 2, 1963 Hno. David Mediavilla and Hno. Silvio Salicrup, delegates for the Order’s Superiors, arrived to evaluate the possibilities of making these families’ desires a reality.
On November 11, 1963, the news of approval for the foundation of the school arrives. The school had its first settling in the residence of the Architect Jorge Ramírez de Arellano, in Calle J, Garden Hills.
In August 1964, Colegio Marista started its educational history as boys only school, with 188 students for the first six grades. School population grew rapidly, accounting for 400 students in 1968. This growth seeded the construction of its new and actual facilities in Alturas de Torrimar, Guaynabo.
Today, Colegio Marista has excellent facilities that, along with its religious leaders, faculty and staff, provide education for 1500 boy and girl students. Their education is based on a constructivist and humanist curriculum, updated to meet the needs of current times. The Marist Brothers have a long rich tradition of excellent education around the world; locally, each year graduating students are accepted into the most prestigious colleges and universities in Puerto Rico and in the United States.
Most recently, the prestigious school has been awarded with the Iberoamerican Educational Excellence Award. This act, realized in August 2013, also proclaimed the institution as an Honorary Member of the Iberoamerican Council in recognition of the realized pro educational labor throughout the years.
Extracurricular activities
Seahawks Chronicle (High School Publication)
La Palestra (High School Publication)
Il Giornalino (Middle School Publication)
Miniaturas (Elementary School Publication)
Consejo de Estudiantes (Student Council)
National Jr. Honor Society / National Honor Society
Club Modelo Naciones Unidas (Model United Nations)
Coro de Niños
Coro de Superior
Pro-Arte (Art implementation club - includes dancing and music)
Acuarela (Visual arts club)
Teatro (Drama Club)
Banda
Forensics League
Oratoria
Club de Matemáticas (Mathematics Club)
Club Del Lay-tee-go (Latigo)
Club de Ciencias (Science Club)
Science Bowl / Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers (SHPE)
Biología Tropical (Tropical Biology)
Ornitología (Ornithology Research Association)
Tecnología (Technology)
Conciencia Verde (Environmental Conscience)
Club de Tierra Verde
Club de Anuario (Yearbook)
Círculo de Lectores (Reading Organization)
Solidaridad (Solidarity Club)
Orientación (College Orientation Club)
Asistentes de Biblioteca (Library Assistants)
Juventud Marista (Spirit Organization)
Movimiento Infantil Amigos en Marcha
Movimiento Infantil Maristas en Marcha
Movimiento Juvenil Ciudad Nueva
Movimiento Remar
Spelling Bee
Notable alumni
Ricky Rosselló, former governor of Puerto Rico
Luis Fortuño, former governor of Puerto Rico
Pedro Pierluisi, current governor of Puerto Rico, former resident commissioner
Luis G. Rivera Marín, former secretary of state of Puerto Rico
Paul Bouche, Television Personality and Producer
Luis D. Ortiz, Television Personality and Real Estate Agent
References
External links
Colegio Marista Guaynabo. The school's main web site.
Asociación Puertorriqueña de Ex-Alumnos Maristas. Alumni web site.
The Marist Brothers. Marist Brothers web site.
Marist Brothers schools
Universities and colleges established in 1963
1963 establishments in Puerto Rico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colegio%20Marista%20Guaynabo |
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb, based in New York City, is the investment firm founded in 1969 by William J. Ruane, Richard T. Cunniff and Robert Goldfarb.
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb is best known as the investment advisor and distributor of the Sequoia Fund (SEQUX). For a long time after its inception in 1970 the Sequoia Fund recorded one of the best long-term track records on Wall Street.
Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb manages $19 billion in assets across the Sequoia Fund, hedge fund partnerships (Acacia Partners and Wishbone Partners), and separately managed accounts.
Management
After Robert Goldfarb retired David Poppe became the CEO, and the sole portfolio manager of the Sequoia Fund, until his retirement in Oct 2018. After Poppe stepped down, a five-person investment committee manages the Sequoia Fund.
Sequoia Fund
The history of the Sequoia Fund traces its roots to Bill Ruane's lifelong friendship with Warren Buffett. Bill Ruane first met Buffett at a value investing seminar taught by Benjamin Graham at Columbia University in 1950. When Buffett closed his investment partnership in 1969, he advised his clients to invest with Ruane in the Sequoia Fund. In 1970, William J. Ruane and Richard T. Cunniff founded the Sequoia Fund to take on Buffett's former investors. Robert Goldfarb joined the firm in 1971.
In The Superinvestors of Graham-and-Doddsville, Buffett wrote, "When I wound up the Buffett Partnership, I asked Bill Ruane if he would set up a fund to handle all of our partners, so he set up the Sequoia Fund. Bill was the only person I recommended to my partners." During his search for a candidate to succeed him as chief investment officer of Berkshire Hathaway, Buffett said, "I'm looking for another Bill Ruane."
In the 45-year period from its inception in 1970 to 2015, the Sequoia Fund earned an annualized return of 14.65% versus the S&P 500's annualized return of 10.93%. According to Morningstar, Sequoia Fund outperformed its large-cap blend-category peers in 332 of the 333 rolling 10-year periods dating back to its 1970 start. The fund closed to new investment in 1982 and reopened 26 years later in 2008. In 2010, Morningstar named co-managers Robert Goldfarb and David M. Poppe Domestic-Stock Fund Managers of the Year in recognition of the excellent long-term performance of the Sequoia Fund. In 2013, the Sequoia Fund again closed to new investors. In April 2016 and after a sharp loss on Valeant Pharmaceuticals, the Fund indicated it was reopening to new investors.
In 2016, the fund lost $1.26 billion in a single day when Valeant Pharmaceuticals stock, which made up 19% of Sequoia Fund holdings, lost a significant portion of its value. Goldfarb and Poppe responded by saying that their "credibility as investors has been damaged by this saga." The Valeant Pharmaceuticals position accounted for over 30% of Sequoia Fund's assets in mid-2015, and declined 87% from a high of $265.52 in August 2015 to $33.43 in March 2016. Over this time period Sequoia fell by 22%, performing worse than 99% of rival funds. At one point, over 30 percent of the fund's assets was invested in Valeant.
References
External links
Official web site of Sequoia Fund
Bloomberg overview of Sequoia Fund
Morningstar overview of Sequoia Fund
Yahoo Finance overview of Sequoia Fund
1969 establishments in New York City
American companies established in 1969
Financial services companies established in 1969
Ruane, Cunniff, and Goldfarb
Companies based in New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruane%2C%20Cunniff%20%26%20Goldfarb |
This is a list of mayors of Grenoble.
Mayors from 1790 to 1904
Joseph Marie de Barral (02/1790-08/1790)
Antoine Barnave (08/1790-11/1790)
Daniel d'Isoard (11/1790-11/1791)
Léonard Joseph Prunelle de Lierre (11/1791-12/1792)
Joseph Marie de Barral (12/1792-05/1794)
Victor Dumas (05/1794-10/1794)
Pierre-François Arthaud (1794-1795)
Joseph Martin (1795-1798)
Jean-Baptiste Berthier (1798-1800)
Joseph Marie de Barral (1800-1800)
Charles Renauldon (1800-1815)
Pierre Giroud (1815-1816)
marquis Jean-François de Pina de Saint-Didier (1816-1818)
Antoine Royer-Deloche (1818-1820)
marquis Charles Laurent Joseph Marie de La Valette (1820-1823)
Marc Louis Gautier (1823-1824)
marquis Jean-François de Pina de Saint-Didier (1824-1830)
Félix Penet (1830-1831)
Vincent Rivier (1831-1835)
Honoré-Hugues Berriat (1835-1842)
comte Artus de Miribel (1842-1845)
Frédéric Marc Joseph Taulier (1845-1848)
Frédéric Farconnet (1848-1848)
Ferdinand Reymond (1848-1848)
Adolphe Anthoard (1848-1849)
Frédéric Taulier (1849-1851)
Joseph Arnaud (1851-1853)
Louis Crozet (1853-1858)
Eugène Gaillard (1858-1865)
Jean-Thomas Vendre (1865-1870)
Adolphe Anthoard (1870-1871)
Napoléon Dantart (1871-1871)
Jean-Marie Farge (1871-1871)
Ernest Calvat (1871-1874)
Félix Giraud (1874-1875)
Auguste Gaché (1875-1881)
Édouard Rey (1881-1888)
Auguste Gaché (1875-1881)
Félix Poulat (1896-1896)
Stéphane Jay (1896-1904)
Mayors from 1904 to present
See also
Timeline of Grenoble
Grenoble
History of Grenoble | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mayors%20of%20Grenoble |
At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, seven fencing events were contested, six for men and one for women.
Medal summary
Men's events
Women's events
Participating nations
A total of 259 fencers (232 men, 27 women) from 27 nations competed at the Amsterdam Games:
Medal table
References
1928 Summer Olympics events
1928
1928 in fencing
International fencing competitions hosted by the Netherlands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fencing%20at%20the%201928%20Summer%20Olympics |
Crangon crangon is a species of caridean shrimp found across the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. Its range extends from the White Sea in the north of Russia to the coast of Morocco, including the Baltic Sea, and appears also throughout the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Commercially important, it is fished mainly in the southern North Sea. Common names include brown shrimp, common shrimp, bay shrimp, and sand shrimp, while translation of its French name (or its Dutch equivalent ) sometimes leads to the English version grey shrimp.
Description
Adults are typically long, although individuals up to have been recorded. The animals have cryptic colouration, being a sandy brown colour, which can be changed to match the environment. They live in shallow water, which can also be slightly brackish, and feed nocturnally. During the day, they remain buried in the sand to escape predatory birds and fish, with only their antennae protruding.
Crangon is classified in the family Crangonidae, and shares the family's characteristic subchelate first pereiopods (where the movable finger closes onto a short projection, rather than a similarly sized fixed finger) and short rostrum.
Distribution and ecology
C. crangon has a wide range, extending across the northeastern Atlantic Ocean from the White Sea in the north of Russia to the coast of Morocco, including the Baltic Sea, as well as occurring throughout the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Despite its wide range, however, little gene flow occurs across certain natural barriers, such as the Strait of Gibraltar or the Bosphorus. The populations in the western Mediterranean Sea are thought to be the oldest, with the species' spread across the north Atlantic thought to postdate the Pleistocene.
Adults live epibenthically (on or near the sea-floor) especially in the shallow waters of estuaries or near the coast. It is generally highly abundant, and has a significant effect on the ecosystems where it lives.
Lifecycle
Females reach sexual maturity at a length around , while males are mature at . The young hatch from their eggs into planktonic larvae. These pass through five moults before reaching the postlarval stage, when they settle to the sea-floor.
Fishery
Historically, the commercial fishery was accomplished by horse-drawn beam trawls on both sides of the Dover straits. In the sandy shallows of Morecambe Bay (Lancashire, UK) horses have been replaced by tractors. Some small fishing vessels also use beam trawls for brown shrimp. A few artisanal fishermen use hand-pushed nets. In all UK shrimp fisheries, the catch is first 'riddled' to release the young of shrimps and fish. The shrimps are then traditionally boiled on board before landing.
Over of C. crangon were caught in 1999, with Germany and the Netherlands taking over 80% of this total.
The UK lands an annual average of 1000 tonnes of brown shrimp, but the catch is highly variable between 500 and 1500 tonnes. In the Lancashire fishery for brown shrimp it has been shown that landings in any year are related to the annual catch, average annual air temperature (inverse) and total rainfall in the previous year. That has enabled a good prediction of annual landings one year in advance. Moreover, for the port of Lytham, the abundance of shrimp (annual catch per unit effort) was found to be closely correlated with the mean annual Zürich sunspot number for the period 1965-1975. Given that sunspot numbers are predictable, this provides another tool for the prediction of annual shrimp catch. Sunspot cycle No. 23 (1997-2008) is a good example of the correlation between UK annual brown shrimp catch and mean annual sunspot number.
Greenpeace Germany classifies the brown shrimp as an "unsustainable" choice that should be avoided. Brown shrimp have been documented to contain microplastics.
As food
The consumption of brown shrimp is popular in Belgium, the Netherlands, northern Germany, and Denmark.
Shrimp in general are known as garnalen in Dutch. It is the basis of the dish tomate-crevettes, where the shrimp are mixed with mayonnaise and fresh parsley, and served in a hollowed-out uncooked tomato. The shrimp croquette is another Belgian speciality; the shrimp are in the interior of the battered croquette along with béchamel sauce. Freshly cooked, unpeeled brown shrimp are often served as a snack accompanying beer, typically a sour ale or Flemish red such as Rodenbach.
In Lancashire, England, the peeled brown shrimps are mixed with butter and spices (including nutmeg or mace) to make potted shrimps, a dish traditionally eaten with bread.
References
External links
Caridea
Commercial crustaceans
Crustaceans described in 1758
Crustaceans of Europe
Crustaceans of the Atlantic Ocean
Edible crustaceans
Extant Pleistocene first appearances
Quaternary animals of Europe
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Crangonidae | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crangon%20crangon |
Janice Galloway FRSL (born 1955 in Saltcoats, Scotland) is a Scottish writer of novels, short stories, prose-poetry, non-fiction and libretti. ??In 2023, she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature.
Biography
She is the second daughter of James Galloway and Janet Clark McBride. Her parents separated when she was four and her father died when she was six. Her sister Cora, sixteen years older, died in 2000 from smoking-related illness. Janice Galloway's secondary education was at Ardrossan Academy, which is described in the memoir All Made Up. She studied Music and English at Glasgow University, then worked as a school teacher for ten years, before turning to writing.
She was the first Scottish Arts Council writer in residence to four prisons (HMPs Cornton Vale, Dungavel, Barlinnie and Polmont YOI) and was the Times Literary Supplement Research Fellow to the British Library in 1999. Her awards include: MIND/Allan Lane Award (for The Trick is to Keep Breathing), the McVitie's Prize (for Foreign Parts), the E.M. Forster Award (presented by the American Academy of Arts and Letters), the Creative Scotland Award, Saltire Book of the Year (for Clara) and the SMIT non-fiction Book of the Year for This is not about Me and Scottish Best Book of the Year 2012 for All Made Up.
Janice Galloway lives in the Kingdom of Fife. She has one son, James.
She has written and presented three radio series for BBC Scotland (Life as a Man, Imagined Lives and Chopin's Scottish Swansong) and works extensively with musicians and visual artists including Sally Beamish, Anne Bevan, Michael Wolchover, Norman McBeath, Alasdair Nicolson and James McNaught. Her books Clara and This is Not About Me were recorded for the RNIB Talking Books service by the author in 2004 and 2009 respectively. This is Not about Me and All Made Up are available to buy.
She collaborated with Anne Bevan to create Rosengarten, an exhibition at the Hunterian Museum in Glasgow in 2004. Inspired by research into obstetric instruments and the mechanics of childbirth, it featured nine light tables with sculptural pieces in bronze, plaster and fabric by Bevan with poems and text by Galloway.
In December 2008 she was a guest on Private Passions, the biographical music discussion programme on BBC Radio 3, and regularly discusses music, writing and The Scottish Question at public appearances.
Galloway wrote the glosses on Bronte's Shirley and Eliot's Felix Holt and Middlemarch in The Book of Prefaces, edited by Alasdair Gray.
Works
Novels
The Trick is to Keep Breathing (1989)
Foreign Parts (1994)
Clara (2002) (based on the life of Clara Schumann)
Collections of short stories
Blood (1991)
Where You Find It (1996)
"Collected Stories" (2009)
"Jellyfish" (2019, Granta )
She has been widely anthologised in collections and translation since 1990.
Poetry
Boy Book See (2002)
Other texts
Chute (1998, French play/monologue commissioned by the Traverse Theatre)
Pipelines (2000, prose and poetry text to accompany Anne Bevan's exhibition "undercovered")
Monster (2002, opera libretto for Sally Beamish and Scottish Opera)
Rosengarten (2004, a book of prose and poetry, matched with an exhibition of obstetrical implements by Anne Bevan)
This is Not About Me (2008, "anti-memoir/ true novel" listed by publisher as memoir)
All Made Up (2012, "anti-memoir/ true novel" listed by publisher as memoir)
Further reading
Hubbard, Tom (2009), "Writing Scottishly on Non-Scottish Matters", in Hubbard, Tom (2022), Invitation to the Voyage: Scotland, Europe and Literature, Rymour, pp. 135 - 138,
Bernard Sellin (coord.), Voices from Modern Scotland: Janice Galloway, Alasdair Gray, CRINI (Centre de Recherche sur les Identités Nationales et l'Interculturalité), Nantes, 2007, 143 p., .
References
External links
includes a "Critical Perspective" section
1955 births
Living people
20th-century British short story writers
20th-century Scottish novelists
20th-century Scottish women writers
21st-century British short story writers
21st-century Scottish novelists
21st-century Scottish women writers
People educated at Ardrossan Academy
People from Saltcoats
Scottish women novelists
Fellows of the Royal Society of Literature | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janice%20Galloway |
Airline Tycoon is a business simulation game by Thomas Holz and Robert Kleinert, in which the player must successfully manage an airline. The original was developed by Spellbound Entertainment, and published by Infogrames Deutschland, however, the succeeding versions were published by a variety of publishers.
The original Airline Tycoon was created for Windows, however, the later Deluxe version was also ported to Linux, Mac OS X, MorphOS, ZETA, iOS and Android.
Like other "tycoon" computer games, the objective of the game is to become a tycoon, and in this case, an "Airline Tycoon". This is achieved through the balance of income and expenditures.
Gameplay
It's a simulation computer game where the player acts as manager of an airline, competing against three other tycoons. The names of the four tycoons are: Tina Cortez (Sunshine Airways), Siggi Sorglos (Falcon Lines), Igor Tuppolevsky (Phoenix Travel) and Mario Zucchero (Honey Airlines).
The player must keep their aircraft in good shape and equip them at such a level as to keep the customers satisfied, buy new planes (from the expensive Airplane Agency or from Mr Schlauberger at the museum who sells old planes at a much lower cost) and take out bank loans if required.
The player must also manage their personnel, plan flights, buy fuel, attend meetings in the airport manager's office and, if there is the time, slip into Rick's café for a quick cup of coffee. The player can also perform sabotages on the other players.
The graphics are bright and decidedly tongue in cheek: the tycoon Igor Tuppolevsky has a set of Russian dolls on his desk—and an open tin of caviar, while Tina Cortez has a picture of a matador and a bull's head.
With a network, up to four people can play at once and the game status can be saved (as it can in single-player mode) for longer games.
History
Releases
The original game was released in August 1998 in Germany by Infogrames Deutschland. It was not released in any English-speaking country; however, there was an official English demo.
The first Airline Tycoon title to be released in United States and the United Kingdom was Airline Tycoon First Class. It was published in 2001 by Monte Cristo; however, the publisher decided to remove First Class subtitle from the game box and manuals, though it remained in-game. Features added in First Class include ten brand new missions, multiplayer mode with up to 4 players, new MIDI music, cargo transportation and more.
In 2002, Airline Tycoon Evolution, second Airline Tycoon re-release was published by Monte Cristo. The game introduced ten new missions, possibility of buying self-designed aircraft (and possibility of sharing these planes via Internet), possibility of hiring aircraft security agents, five new sabotages and more.
In 2003, Spellbound Entertainment released a third Airline Tycoon addition, named Airline Tycoon Deluxe. It included all of previous versions, the only new part of the game was twenty new airports and possibility of accepting cargo from remote estates. Originally it was released in limited edition of 5000 items. It was available only in Germany, though it was not translated into other languages. However, Linux, Mac OS X and ZETA versions released in Autumn 2005 and Winter 2006 by RuneSoft are available in English, German and French.
On 24 March 2015 Airline Tycoon Deluxe was re-released on the digital distribution platform gog.com, including the source code.
Successor Airline Tycoon 2
On May 24, 2006, Spellbound announced it would be releasing a full sequel to Airline Tycoon, Airline Tycoon II due to be released in Germany sometime in the second half of 2007. The release date was, however, not met. Spellbound stated they could not find a publisher for the game and announced no new release date.
On October 22, 2009, Airline Tycoon II was announced by Kalypso Media and scheduled to be released in late 2011. It was scheduled to be released in the United States on October 2, 2011, by Amazon.com, however, Kalypso Media scheduled their North American release for October 14, 2011. The Game as of date has been released and includes a demo version which the original lacked.
The first extra content or expansion for the game was announced on March 29, 2012. Honey Airlines DLC finally became available on April 19 of the same year. It would feature a new character, new airline company, two additional campaign missions and a Cargo area for the airport.
The second one, announced on May 31, 2012, called Falcon Lines DLC was eventually released on June 14 of that year. This DLC would add another character and airline company, another two additional campaign missions, the Last-Minute Counter as a new airport area and the ability to open branch offices anywhere throughout the world.
Reception
Sales of Airline Tycoon surpassed 150,000 units worldwide by 2001.
In 2001 an IGN review gave Airline Tycoon a good rating with 7.9/10. Airline Tycoon 2 received on Metacritic a mediocre score of 57/100 from four reviews.
References
External links
Deluxe Version Homepage
Airline Tycoon 2 website
BeOS games
Business simulation games
Video games developed in Germany
Linux games
MacOS games
MorphOS games
RuneSoft games
Embracer Group franchises
Windows games
1998 video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Commercial video games with freely available source code
Spellbound Entertainment games
Monte Cristo (company) games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airline%20Tycoon |
William Gardell Jr. (born August 20, 1969) is an American actor and stand-up comedian. Gardell played Chicago police officer Mike Biggs on Mike & Molly. He also had a recurring role as Billy Colivida on Yes, Dear and appeared in a dozen episodes of My Name Is Earl as a police officer. Gardell voiced Santa in Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas, as well as starring on Sullivan & Son in the recurring role of Lyle Winkler. Since 2019, Gardell has played Bob Wheeler in the CBS sitcom series Bob Hearts Abishola.
Early life
Born in Swissvale, Pennsylvania, Gardell attended Winter Park High School in Orange County, Florida, during 1985. As a child, he moved to Florida with his mother and younger siblings after his parents divorced. After that, he only visited Pennsylvania in the summers. He has said living in Florida was a positive experience. At the age of 15, he started working at a department store warehouse in the receiving area where he would unload trucks and stack pallets. In 1987, he started cleaning bathrooms, seating people, and answering phones at a local comedy club, Bonkerz. On December 28, he started performing at the comedy club's open-mic nights after he made a dare with some co-workers. "If I didn't do an open mic night, I couldn't cover the bet. I was running my mouth that I would do it. They bet me I wouldn't," he explained. He eventually started opening for Dennis Miller and George Carlin.
Gardell was a member of International Thespian Society Troupe 850, whose other notable alumni include Amanda Bearse, who is a fellow graduate of Winter Park High School, and Ben Rock of The Blair Witch Project.
Career
Gardell is known for his comedic roles and is influenced by Jackie Gleason. He has also listed Richard Pryor, George Carlin, John Candy, and John Belushi as his influences. Although Bonkerz helped launch his comedy career, he has credited the support from his grandmother, saying: "She told me when I was 8 years old that I could be a comic". Before Mike & Molly, Gardell revealed that he considered a career in radio after being on the road for his comedy act began to affect his family time. He has performed in several feature films, including Bad Santa (with Billy Bob Thornton) You, Me, and Dupree (with Owen Wilson) and Avenging Angelo (with Sylvester Stallone and Anthony Quinn) as well as appearing numerous times in recurring roles in several US television series, including NBC's Heist, The Practice, Yes, Dear, Desperate Housewives, Lucky, Bones, My Name Is Earl, Monk, and The King of Queens. Gardell appeared as himself on the Comedy Central series Make Me Laugh. Subsequently, he appeared on Miller's television program Dennis Miller, telecast on the US financial news network CNBC (conducting "man-on-the-street" interviews). Notably, he created and staged a SNL-style charity performance of a piece called Winter Park Live, the proceeds from which were donated to Comic Relief.
Gardell continues to make weekly appearances on hometown local radio station WDVE, appearing on The DVE Morning Show. Gardell also appeared on Chelsea Lately, as a roundtable participant. Gardell appeared on a special for Comedy Central Presents in 2007 that aired on April 4, 2008. Gardell also played the host of Pizza Talk, an imaginary TV series, in commercials for Round Table Pizza. In 2006, Gardell's first comedy album, Billy Gardell: Throwback, was released.
From September 2010 to May 2016, Gardell starred in Mike & Molly, alongside Melissa McCarthy. In November 2011, he lent his voice to Santa in Ice Age: A Mammoth Christmas. His stand-up special Halftime was released in 2011 and aired on Comedy Central. It was filmed in Pittsburgh and profiles working-class America. As of 2011, he continues to tour as a stand-up comedian in addition to acting. In a 2011 Orlando Sentinel article, Gardell said he wouldn't mind doing movies again.
In 2013, Gardell's comedy special Billy Gardell Presents Road Dogs premiered on Showtime. In 2015, Gardell started the lottery game show Monopoly Millionaires' Club, featuring contestants who bought tickets for the Monopoly Millionaires' Club lottery game; the latter began on October 19, 2014.
Since 2018, Gardell has recurred on the CBS spinoff sitcom Young Sheldon as neighbor Herschel Sparks. In October 2018, he was cast as Bob in the CBS pilot of Bob Hearts Abishola, alongside Folake Olowofoyeku. In May 2019, the series was ordered, and it premiered in September 2019.
Gardell began appearing in advertisements for A1C medication Ozempic in 2021. This followed his involvement in the Ozempic reality series “My Type 2 Transformation” two years previous.
Personal life
Gardell has been married to Patty Knight since 2001. They have a son, William III, born in 2003. In a 2011 USA Today article, Gardell had said he may retire when his son is a teenager to spend more time with him. His parents still live in Florida, where he occasionally visits them.
Gardell is a Pittsburgh Steelers fan and attended games at Acrisure Stadium. His favorite player growing up was Jack Lambert.
Regarding his weight, Gardell explained in 2011 that he "always had a little gut" and weighed at one point. In 2022, during an interview with Entertainment Tonight, he discussed his weight loss and said that he reduced his weight to 212 pounds (96 kg). Gardell managed his weight loss by changing his lifestyle and having bariatric surgery.
Filmography
Film
Television
Comedy specials
References
External links
Billy Gardell at dve.com
1969 births
Living people
People from Swissvale, Pennsylvania
American stand-up comedians
American game show hosts
American male voice actors
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male television actors
21st-century American male actors
Male actors from Pennsylvania
Male actors from Florida
20th-century American male actors
Winter Park High School alumni
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
Comedians from Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Gardell |
Pua Magasiva (10 August 1980 – 11 May 2019) was a New Zealand actor of Samoan descent, best known for his roles as Shane Clarke, the Red Ranger from Power Rangers Ninja Storm, and Vinnie Kruse in the soap opera Shortland Street, both co-starring with Sally Martin. He was also one of the co-hosts of radio station Flava.
Biography
Magasiva was born in Apia, Samoa, but raised in Wellington, New Zealand, since he was two years old. He was the younger brother of actor Robbie Magasiva. It was Robbie who inspired Magasiva to become an actor, after being signed up with an acting agency and acquiring small roles. In 1999, he made a minor appearance on Shortland Street as Elvis Iosefa, a relative of Louie Iosefa (played by Shimpal Lelisi). Then in 2001, he landed a role in a six-part Māori language television series called Aroha. The series went on to screen at the International Film Festival in Auckland, receiving critical praise. Finally in 2003, Magasiva made the leading roles in both Power Rangers: Ninja Storm (which included a guest appearance by Robbie in one episode) and Shortland Street. He stayed on Shortland Street until 2006. By then, he played the title character in the comedy film Sione's Wedding, which starred his brother Robbie and other members of the Naked Samoans. In 2007, he appeared in the horror film 30 Days of Night. In 2009, Magasiva made guest appearances in Diplomatic Immunity and Outrageous Fortune. In 2011, he returned as Vinnie Kruse on Shortland Street.
Outside his work on television and film, Magasiva acted in theatre, including Two Days in Dream in 2003 (written by Mario Gaoa, member of the Naked Samoans, and directed by Colin Mitchell). Another play that he acted in was Sex with Strangers, which was written by Mitchell, though Two Days in Dream was well received by critics. In 2008, he co-starred with brother Robbie in the play Where We Once Belonged. Magasiva also appeared in nine Lift Plus commercials in New Zealand and also took over his brother's role as the Small Blacks TV News presenter opposite Conrad Snakey Smith. In January 2017, he helped pull a man from his burning car.
Domestic assault and suicide
On 18 December 2019, a name suppression order was lifted, revealing that Pua Magasiva had been convicted of domestic assault against his wife in April, 15 days before his death. Pua was sentenced to 70 hours of community work, and six months of supervision. According to his widow, during a tell-all photoshoot after his death, he had engaged in a regular pattern of abuse, concussed her three times, and threatened to harm her, himself, or their daughter, if she went to the police. She claimed to have later found a diary belonging to him showing "pages... full of haunting images, tortured thoughts and self-loathing" and admitting that he had always been violent and angry. On 11 May 2019, Pua Magasiva died of a suspected suicide in a hotel room in Wellington. His widow stated that he attacked her in a drunken rage the night he died.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1980 births
2019 deaths
2019 suicides
20th-century New Zealand male actors
21st-century New Zealand male actors
Actors of Samoan descent
Flava (radio station)
New Zealand male film actors
New Zealand male soap opera actors
New Zealand male television actors
New Zealand people of Samoan descent
People from Apia
Samoan emigrants to New Zealand
Samoan male actors
Suicides in New Zealand
People convicted of domestic violence | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pua%20Magasiva |
The South Korean railroad strike of 2006 was a four-day walkout by members of the Korean Railway Workers' Union employed by the Korean National Railroad. It lasted from March 1 to March 4, when the union called a halt to the strike after most of the workers voluntarily returned to work. The number of striking workers fluctuated throughout the strike, but reached over 16,000 workers at its peak. During the strike, Korail's passenger service was decreased by 60%, on both national and Seoul Subway lines. Freight service was also greatly reduced.
The principal issue, which was not resolved during the strike, was Korail's replacement of regular long-term positions with short-term contract positions. The strike was declared illegal by the government after emergency arbitration was imposed, and at least 411 strikers were arrested. 10 of those were indicted on charges of "interference with execution of duty," but the rest were released. 2000 union workers were also suspended by Korail during the incident.
The female KTX attendants' union, whose members are not employed by Korail but by a subcontractor, continued their walkout.
See also
South Korean KTX Train Attendant Union Strike
References
External links
Korea Herald article
Korea Times article reporting the end of the strike
2006 labor disputes and strikes
Labour disputes in South Korea
Politics of South Korea
Rail transport in South Korea
2006 in rail transport
2006 in South Korea
Rail transport strikes
March 2006 events in South Korea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20South%20Korean%20railroad%20strike |
More than one species shares the common name "brown shrimp":
Crangon crangon, a species found in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean and North Sea
Farfantepenaeus aztecus (formerly Penaeus aztecus), a species found in the north-western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico
Farfantepenaeus subtilis (formerly Penaeus subtilis), a species found in the south-western Atlantic Ocean as far north as Cuba
Metapenaeus monoceros (formerly Penaeus monoceros), an Indo-Pacific species and Lessepsian migrant
Animal common name disambiguation pages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%20shrimp |
Sand shrimp may refer to:
Crangon affinis
Crangon crangon
Crangon septemspinosa
Metapenaeus ensis
Animal common name disambiguation pages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand%20shrimp |
Youngstown–Warren Regional Airport is a public and military airport in Vienna Township, Trumbull County, Ohio, 11 miles north of Youngstown and east of Warren. The airport is home to the Youngstown–Warren Air Reserve Station.
The airport has been in operation for over 50 years. It is run by the Western Reserve Port Authority, made up of members appointed by the Mahoning and Trumbull County Commissioners. The WRPA plays a vital role in the regional economy as it teams with the Youngstown–Warren Regional Chamber of Commerce and is leading the plan to clean up the Mahoning River.
History
The Youngstown–Warren Regional Airport began as the Youngstown Municipal Airport (MAP), and was one of the last Works Progress Administration projects. Construction began in 1939, and the airport opened a year later. The airport is located north of Youngstown in Vienna Center due to limited space available within the city for the planned size. The airport that had been serving the city, Lansdowne Airport, lacked room to expand.
In 1981, a 225,000-ft2 production facility for the Commuter Aircraft Corporation was built on the west side of the airport, but the company closed down before any aircraft were built.
Northwest Airlines discontinued service to Detroit via Akron–Canton in September 2002, leaving the airport without scheduled airline service. In May 2006, Allegiant Air launched a route to Sanford near Orlando. It subsequently added flights to St. Petersburg–Clearwater and Myrtle Beach. The company ceased all of its Youngstown routes in January 2018, and the airport has lacked passenger air service since then.
Youngstown Air Reserve Station
Youngstown ARS is located at the Youngstown–Warren Regional Airport. Its primary mission is to serve as home of the 910th Airlift Wing (910 AW), an Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC) C-130H unit with two flying squadrons and a total of 16 aircraft. The 910 AW is operationally gained by the Air Mobility Command and a portion of the wing is devoted to its aerial spray mission. The 910 AW has nearly 1,450 personnel, consisting of a combination of full-time active guard and reserve, air reserve technicians, and traditional part-time drilling Air Force reservists. The installation also hosts a Navy Operational Support Center and a Marine Corps Reserve Center that is home to nearly 400 Navy and Marine Corps reservists in various units. It is also home to the Youngstown ARS Composite Squadron of the Ohio Wing of the Civil Air Patrol.
Facilities and aircraft
Youngstown–Warren Regional Airport covers at an elevation of 1,196 feet (365 m) above mean sea level. It has three asphalt runways: 5/23 is 5,002 by 150 feet (1,525 x 46 m); 14/32 is 9,003 by 150 feet (2,744 x 46 m); 143/323, a military-use only runway, is 3,501 by 60 feet (1,067 x 18 m).
In the year ending September 30, 2019, the airport had 20,029 aircraft operations, average 69 per day: 66% general aviation, 23% military, 10% air taxi and less than 1% scheduled commercial. 37 aircraft were then based at this airport: 20 single-engine, 2 multi-engine, 7 jet and 8 military.
The former long-term parking lot is currently being used as a training location for a tractor-trailer driving school.
Passenger terminal
The Youngstown Warren Regional Airport terminal building sits on the southeast end of the airport.
In 2000, the Youngstown Airport renovated and expanded the boarding area. The new gate area consists of six gates (two jetways and four ground-loading gates), and can accommodate aircraft ranging up to the size of a Boeing 757. The airport is equipped to handle up to 250,000 passengers a year in the current configuration and can seat up to 400 passengers at any given time.
The airport currently has four ticket counters, one baggage claim and on-site capacity for up to five rental car companies. The airport's only on-site restaurant, Mikees II, closed shortly after Allegiant Airlines ceased all remaining operations to the airport in 2018. The airport offers a recently expanded parking facility with the lowest cost of parking in the area.
The airport's master plan calls for an expanded terminal to add another three gates, should air service return and spike at any time.
Statistics
Passenger traffic
Ground transportation
Youngstown Airport has a number of taxicab and shuttle services.
Avis Car Rental and Budget Rent a Car offer rental vehicles from the airport.
See also
Lansdowne Airport
Salem Airpark
Youngstown Elser Metro Airport
Youngstown Executive Airport
References
External links
Youngstown Warren Regional Airport, official site
County airports in Ohio
Transportation in Youngstown, Ohio
Works Progress Administration in Ohio
Buildings and structures in Trumbull County, Ohio
Transportation in Trumbull County, Ohio
Warren, Ohio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youngstown%E2%80%93Warren%20Regional%20Airport |
Planet Shining is the first release by the Japanese trio M-Flo. Remixes of the songs from this album were released as The Replacement Percussionists.
Track listing
Disc 1
Intro (interlude)
Ten Below Blazing
Announcement (interlude)
Planet Shining
Come Back to Me
Guidance (interlude)
Chronopsychology
Hands
Radio Show (interlude)
Saywhatchugotta
Just Be
Line Holding (interlude)
Quantum Leap
L.O.T. (Love or Truth)
Deep Within
Been So Long
Outro (interlude)
Disc 2 (The bonus CD Bug Planet Dub mixed by DJ Horii a.k.a. HoriiSport)
Too Much Sense [DJ Alamo Remix]
Mindstate [feat. sphere]
Theme from Flo Jack [Mr. Drunk Remix by Mummy D]
Mirrorball Satellite 2012 [SRATM Remix by Towa Tei]
L.O.T. (Love or Truth) [DJ TONK Remix]
M-Flo albums
2000 albums
Avex Group albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet%20Shining |
Hambleden Mill is an historic watermill on the River Thames at Mill End, near the village of Hambleden in Buckinghamshire, England. It is linked by a footbridge to Hambleden Lock, which is on the Berkshire side of the river. It was Grade II listed in 1955 and has now been converted into flats. Alongside the mill is Hambleden Marina which occupies two islands. Along the river frontage to the south-east is the site of a Roman Villa.
History
A mill at Hambleden is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, when it was held by Queen Matilda and had a rent of 20 shillings/year, as well as a fishery that yielded 1,000 eels annually. Before 1235 the mill was granted to Keynsham Abbey. Alison Uttley described it as "The most beautiful place in the whole length of the long Thames valley." The oldest part of the present mill building was built in the late 18th century, possibly incorporating part of an earlier 17th century mill. This now forms the southern end of the building and has three main floors plus an attic, making it the tallest part of the building. This wing has half-hipped gables and plain tiles on the roof. A 19th century addition to the west, two stories high with a slate roof, stretches along the river front.
In the late 19th century, a barge, Maid of the Mill, used to make a weekly journey with flour from the mill to Huntley & Palmers biscuit factory in Reading. On her return trip she carried broken biscuits for sale, cheap, to the local villagers. The mill was still in use in the 1950s having been upgraded from the original waterwheel and grinding stones to a water-turbine driving steel rollers in about 1939. It had fallen out of use by the early 1970s, and planning permission for conversion to apartments was granted in 1974. The extensive renovations involved re-cladding in white shiplap boarding, and replacement of its many windows with 20th century casements, sashes and some horizontal sliding sashes in the 18th century attic windows.
Next to the mill, away from the river, is Mill House, also a grade II listed building. This was built in around 1770, for use by the mill-owner, with flint walls and a rendered and whitewashed frontage.
Locality
The mill is adjacent to a series of weirs which stretch across the River Thames, running diagonally across the river, to Hambleden Lock, which is on the western, Berkshire, bank of the river. The weir raises the upstream water level, which both provided the fast flow of water for the original watermill, and maintains a navigable depth of water above the weir. The lock raises or lowers boats travelling up and down the river past the weir. A footbridge follows the line of the weir right across the Thames, allowing pedestrian access between the path alongside Hambleden Mill and the Thames riverside path which runs in both directions on the Berkshire side of the river.
The area has been a popular visitor spot for many decades, with large numbers of postcards showing the mill, weir and lock and a popular subject with artists.
The two Hambleden Mill Islands lie in the river alongside the mill. The mill-stream that used to funnel water to the water-wheel on the front of the mill creates an island accessed via a bridge. And this, plus another island alongside it are now used by Hambleden Marina for Thames riverboat mooring facilities.
To the south-east of the marina a Roman Villa site fronting on to the Thames was identified in 1921 from parchmarks in the grass during a dry summer. In the hot summer of 1975 enough detail of wall outlines appeared to enable a survey of the villa and its ancillary buildings and boundaries, including possible wharves and landing stages along the river frontage. The site was given legal protection as a scheduled monument in 1979. It is thought to be a subsidiary development from the nearby Yewdon Villa.
Conservation Area
The mill is within the Mill End, Hambleden Conservation Area, first designated in 1982. The conservation area includes both the hamlet of Mill End and the estate of Yewden Manor. The conservation area also falls within the Chiltern Hills Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
See also
Islands in the River Thames
List of crossings of the River Thames
Locks and weirs on the River Thames
References
External links
Photograph
Buildings and structures in Buckinghamshire
Watermills on the River Thames
Flour mills in the United Kingdom
Grinding mills in the United Kingdom
Watermills in England
Grade II listed buildings in Buckinghamshire
Mill | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hambleden%20Mill |
Haren (Polish 1945: Lwów, Polish 1945–1948: Maczków) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany in the district of Emsland.
History
Haren was first mentioned in the Middle Ages (around 890) in a registry of the Corvey Abbey. Around 1150 the settlement of Neuharen ("New Haren") was founded, while the nearby Altharen ("Old Haren") formed around a local castle, belonging to the bishop of Munster, who bought it around 1252 from Duchess Jutta von Ravensberg. At the end of the Thirty Years War Haren was almost completely destroyed, but soon recovered and became a notable trading port at the Ems River. The inhabitants of Haren were in large part tradesmen and sailors, transporting grain and other commodities down the Ems River.
During the Napoleonic epoch in 1803, the town was given to the Duke of Arenberg as compensation for the lands on the other side of the river. However, already in 1810, the town was directly incorporated into the French Empire. At the Congress of Vienna Haren, together with the entire Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen, was assigned to the Kingdom of Hanover, which in turn in 1866 became part of the Kingdom of Prussia and then the German Empire. Following the Franco-Prussian War a large prisoner of war camp was set up in the vicinity. The French prisoners built, among other facilities, the Haren-Rütenbrock canal, thanks to which peat started to be produced in the area. Despite all the changes, until 1913 both settlements were directly administered by the church. Only then did the German government take over the administrative area of Meppen, to which Haren belonged.
By 1935 there were 205 ships of various sizes registered in Haren. While some of them were mobilised and lost at sea during World War II, Haren remains a notable port of registry for German ships. Altharen and Neuharen were finally united in October 1956 and in December 1965 Haren received city rights.
Polish enclave
At the end of World War II, there were over 3 million Polish citizens in Germany, most of them displaced persons (DPs) who got there either as slave labourers, prisoners of German concentration camps or prisoners of war. As the political situation in Communist-controlled Poland was uncertain, the Allied authorities decided to create a Polish enclave in Germany that would serve both as a resettlement camp, local cultural centre and a station from which the DPs could further be dispatched to Poland or various western states. As Haren lay in the occupation zone administered by the Polish I Corps (and more specifically the Polish 1st Armoured Division), it was chosen as the most appropriate centre of a Polish enclave in Germany.
On 19 May 1945, the Polish 1st Armoured Division, a unit attached to the British Army moved all of the thousand families of Haren out to surrounding communities. Over 4000 Poles from Labor camps and prisoner-of-war camps in Northern Germany moved into the town. Many of them had been members of the Polish Home Army, men and women, who had fought in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.
Initially, the new Polish enclave was named Lwów, after the city in South-Eastern Poland by then occupied and later annexed by the Soviet Union. However, under Soviet pressure, the name was then changed to Maczków, in honour of General Stanislaw Maczek, the commanding officer of the Armoured Division and the local Allied occupation forces. The streets in the town were renamed to Polish, either honouring various military units (Legionów Str., Artyleryjska Str.) or named after streets in Warsaw (Ujazdowskie Avenue).
During the next months, a Polish town with a Polish mayor, a Polish school, a folk high school, a Polish fire brigade and a Polish rectory were established. The latter registered 289 weddings and 101 funerals. 479 Poles have birth certificates showing Maczków as a place of birth. As there were hundreds of thousands of Poles in the area administered by the 1st Armoured Division, "Maczków" also served as a cultural centre: newspapers were being published there on a daily basis (Dziennik and Defilada eventually reaching 90 thousand copies), a theatre was opened (led by Leon Schiller) and concert halls were active. Among the most notable events held in the Polish enclave was a 1947 concert by Benjamin Britten and Lord Yehudi Menuhin.
In the Autumn of 1946, the Polish forces stationed in North-Western Germany started to be demobilised and ferried back to the United Kingdom. Also, the civilian inhabitants started to return to Poland or move to other European states. Eventually, by the end of 1948, the town was returned to the original inhabitants (and renamed back to Haren).
Notable Businesses
Berky
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Haren is twinned with:
Międzyrzecz, Poland
References
External links
(German)
history of the Polish enclave in Emsland
Poland in the Emsland
Polish communities
Emsland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haren%2C%20Germany |
Fayette County Public Schools is a school district based in Lexington, Kentucky (U.S.).
The district serves all of Fayette County, which is coextensive with the city of Lexington.
Administration
Superintendent
Demetrius Liggins (2021-)
Other administrators
Dia Davidson-Smith, District Spokesperson
Tanya Dailey, Executive Assistant
Board of education
The Fayette County Board of Education consists of members elected to four year terms from five districts, as well as the Superintendent. Districts 1, 3, and 5 hold elections in presidential election years, while Districts 2, and 4 hold elections in mid-term years.
The board holds two meetings each month, both open to the public. The first meeting of the month is an agenda planning meeting, while official action is taken at the second meeting. The second meeting of each month is televised locally on cable channel 197 and streamed on the district's Web site.
School Board members
Daryl Love
Raymond Daniels
Stephanie Spires
Melissa Bacon
Doug Barnett
Schools
Secondary schools
High schools
The Steam Academy
Henry Clay High School
Bryan Station High School
Paul Laurence Dunbar High School
Frederick Douglass High School
Lafayette High School
Tates Creek High School
Eastside Technical Center
Southside Technical Center
Locust Trace AgriScience Center
Opportunity Middle College
Middle schools
E.J. Hayes Middle School
Beaumont Middle School
Bryan Station Middle School
Jessie Clark Middle School
Leestown Middle School
Lexington Traditional Magnet School
Morton Middle School
Southern Middle School
Tates Creek Middle School
Winburn Middle School
Crawford Middle School
Combined middle/high schools
Carter G. Woodson Academy — An all-boys college preparatory program for grades 6–12, aimed mainly at minority students. The program was formerly housed at Crawford Middle School, but is now at Frederick Douglass High School.
4-8 schools
School for the Creative and Performing Arts (SCAPA)
Primary schools
Athens Elementary School
Breckinridge Elementary School
Arlington Elementary School
Ashland Elementary School
Cardinal Valley Elementary School
Cassidy Elementary School
Clays Mill Elementary School
Coventry Oak Elementary School
Deep Springs Elementary School
Dixie Elementary School
J.R. Ewan Elementary School
Garden Springs Elementary School
Garrett Morgan Elementary School
Glendover Elementary School
Harrison Elementary School
James Lane Allen Elementary School
Johnson Elementary School
Lansdowne Elementary School
Liberty Elementary School
Julius Marks Elementary School
Maxwell Elementary School
Meadowthorpe Elementary School
Millcreek Elementary School
Northern Elementary School
Rosa Parks Elementary School
Picadome Elementary School
Russell Cave Elementary School
Sandersville Elementary School
Southern Elementary School
Stonewall Elementary School
Tates Creek Elementary School
Mary Todd Elementary School
Veterans Park Elementary School
Booker T. Washington Elementary School
William Wells Brown Elementary School
Yates Elementary School
Squires Elementary School
Magnet programs
FCPS offers many magnet programs with varying entrance requirements.
Magnets without entrance criteria
Dixie Elementary Individually Prescribed Education
Maxwell Spanish Immersion
Magnets with entrance criteria
Ashland Elementary Accelerated Cluster
Bryan Station High School Information Technology (IT) Academy
Liberal Arts Academy at Henry Clay High School
Math, Science, and Technology Center at Paul Laurence Dunbar High
Meadowthorpe Elementary Accelerated Cluster
Pre-Engineering at Lafayette High
SCAPA Bluegrass (Located on the same campus as Lafayette High)
Winburn Middle Accelerated Cluster
Lottery magnets with entrance criteria
Bryan Station Traditional Middle
Lexington Traditional Magnet School (LTMS)
References
External links
School districts in Kentucky
Education in Fayette County, Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayette%20County%20Public%20Schools%20%28Kentucky%29 |
R v O'Connor, [1995] 4 S.C.R. 411 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on disclosure of medical records. O’Connor was accused of and charged with rape and indecent assault of four women. The Court held that the medical and counselling records of a complainant in a sexual assault case that are held by a third party can be disclosed by order of the judge if they meet two requirements.
First, the applicant must establish, without seeing them, that the records are likely to be relevant to the case. Second, the judge must review the records and decide whether to disclose them based on the balancing the right to make full answer and defence, and the right to privacy.
The O'Connor involved in the case was Hubert Patrick O'Connor, a Catholic bishop from British Columbia who was found guilty of sex crimes in 1991.
See also
List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Lamer Court)
R v Mills (1999)
References
External links
Supreme Court of Canada cases
1995 in Canadian case law
Rape in Canada
Canadian evidence case law
Publication bans in Canadian case law
Sexual abuse of women in the Catholic Church | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%20v%20O%27Connor |
Fayette County Public Schools can refer to:
Fayette County School System (Georgia)
Fayette County Public Schools (Kentucky), part of a consolidated city-county government with Lexington
Fayette County Schools (West Virginia), in Fayette County, West Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayette%20County%20Public%20Schools |
Robert Goldfarb serves as president and CEO of Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb, the value investing firm founded in 1970 by William J. Ruane and Rick Cunniff. Goldfarb is a disciple of Warren Buffett, the CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. A native of St. Louis, Goldfarb received his B.A. from Yale University in 1967, where he graduated summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa, and went on to earn his M.B.A. from Harvard Business School in 1971. In 2010, Goldfarb and David Poppe were selected as Domestic-Stock mutual fund managers of the year by Morningstar, Inc. for the outstanding long-term performance of the Sequoia Fund.
On 23 March 2016 Sequoia Fund announced to shareholders the retirement of Robert Goldfarb as Chief Executive Officer of Sequoia.
References
Living people
Harvard Business School alumni
Yale University alumni
American chief executives of financial services companies
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Goldfarb |
Feldkirch is a small town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, a few minutes from the French border (4 km) and near Switzerland. It is part of the town Hartheim am Rhein.
It has a small bakery, 3 restaurants, and 3 hotels (guesthouses).
The village is known for its crops, especially for the asparagus.
They also grow onions, potatoes, strawberries and other berries.
It is famous as the childhood home of Sybille von Schoenebeck, later to gain fame as author Sybille Bedford, in the 1910s. It has really only come to full prominence in the 21st century with the publication of her final autobiography Quicksands: A Memoir, though it was mentioned in her 1989 Booker Prize-nominated Jigsaw: An Unsentimental Education.
History
The name Veltkilcha appears in documents in 1160. 1475 there were 10 hearths, i.e. 10 families who have settled around the "church on the field". During the Thirty Years' War (1618–48), the village and the church were completely destroyed. In 1690 the reconstruction of the Bergische Whose castle began. It received much of its present form. In 1866 the presence of Whose Berger in Feldkirch ends. Since that time, the castle changed its owners frequently. By 1899, the mayor Heinrich Rinderle was in the possession of the castle. He generously distributed the property to the farmers of the community. In 1960, a comprehensive restoration of the Martin Church was completed. In 1964 Feldkirch celebrated the construction of Wessenberg school. Ten years later, in 1974, the kindergarten St. Martin was founded. In the same year, Feldkirch became part of Hartheim.
Gallery
References
Neighbourhoods in Germany
Freiburg (region)
Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
Baden
de:Hartheim am Rhein#Feldkirch | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feldkirch%20%28Hartheim%29 |
Haselünne () is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany, in the district of Emsland. It is situated on the river Hase, approx. 15 km east of Meppen.
Notable people
Notable people born in the city
Anton C. R. Dreesmann (1854–1934), co-founder of the Vroom & Dreesmann department store.
Friedrich Berentzen (1928–2009), entrepreneur (Berentzen).
Said Bahaji (born 1975), alleged Islamic terrorist and presumed member of the Hamburg terror cell who participated in the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001.
Jens Robben (born 1983), soccer player.
Notable residents
Dodo zu Innhausen und Knyphausen (1583–1636), commander in the Thirty Years War, died on January 1, 1636, in the Battle of Haselünne.
References
Towns in Lower Saxony
Emsland
Members of the Hanseatic League | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasel%C3%BCnne |
Panzer Division Marduk is the sixth studio album by Swedish black metal band Marduk. It was recorded and mixed at The Abyss in January 1999 and released in June 1999 by Osmose Productions. The theme of the album is fire, as Nightwing was blood, and La Grande Danse Macabre (the band's next studio album) would be death, forming a trilogy of "Blood, Fire, and Death", Marduk's vision of what black metal is, unending grimness (as well as a tribute to the Bathory album Blood Fire Death). Panzer Division Marduk was the last Marduk release by Osmose Productions.
The original album cover features a photo of the Swedish version (Stridsvagn 104) of the British Centurion Mk5 tank. The 2008 reissue of the album featured a Panzer VI E "Tiger" on its cover, reinforcing the Germanic World War II theme of the album. The internal sleeve pictures a tank column triumphant across a city in ruin: this is the Red Army across a destroyed Berlin in 1945.
Track listing
Personnel
Marduk
Legion – vocals
Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson – guitar
B. War – bass
Fredrik Andersson – drums
Guest
Peter Tägtgren – mixing
References
1999 albums
Marduk (band) albums
Osmose Productions albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzer%20Division%20Marduk |
Quarry-faced stone is stone with a rough, unpolished surface, straight from the quarry.
References
Building stone
Building materials
Natural materials
Stone (material) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry-faced%20stone |
Gert Sellheim (1901–1970) was a German-Australian artist. He won the Sulman Prize for his work in 1939 for his Mural Decoration on wall of Victorian Government Tourist Bureau, Hotel Australia Building, 272 Collins Street, Melbourne.
Sellheim was born in Estonia to German parents and studied architecture at universities in Germany before migrating to Western Australia in 1926. He established an architecture and design practice in Melbourne in 1930, and moved to Sydney in 1947. A significant selection of his work was exhibited in the exhibition Aboriginal Art and its Application organised by the Australian Museum, Sydney in 1941 and his design for an 'Aboriginal Art' stamp was released in Australia in 1948.
Sellheim produced posters for the Australian National Travel Association and his most renowned design is Qantas airlines' distinctive flying kangaroo logo, created in 1947.
In 2019 Gert Sellheim was inducted to the Australian Graphic Design Association Hall of Fame.
His grandson is the Australian novelist, poet and philosopher Dr. Berndt Sellheim. He also has four other grandchildren Aneliese Sellheim, Richard Hunt, Andrew Hunt and Catherine Hunt.
References
1901 births
1970 deaths
German emigrants to Australia
German artists
20th-century Australian painters
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gert%20Sellheim |
Gary William Green (20 November 1950 in Stroud Green, North London, England) is an English musician. During the 1970s, he was the guitarist for the progressive rock band Gentle Giant. Green was with the band from the debut album Gentle Giant all the way to the last album Civilian. Green's style was different from most of his peers, being a more blues-based guitarist. Like his fellow band members, Green was also adept at other instruments, including mandolin and recorder. According to a 2008 interview, founding member Phil Shulman said that, despite Green's blues influences, he fit in well with the band's progressive style since Green was "quick on the up-take."
Later on, he was a member of the band Mother Tongue, and also recorded on The Green Album with Eddie Jobson and Zinc, splitting guitar duties with Zinc guitarist Michael Cuneo on two tracks. Green has worked with Billy Sherwood on a number of projects, including Back Against The Wall (2005) and Return to the Dark Side of the Moon (2006). He is now a member of a band called Three Friends with fellow Gentle Giant member Malcolm Mortimore.
Green lives in Princeton, Illinois, United States, with his wife, Judy.
Gary Green's brother, Jeff Green, was a roadie for Soft Machine in the early 1970s and later played with Elton Dean.
References
English rock guitarists
1950 births
Progressive rock guitarists
Living people
English expatriates in the United States
Gentle Giant members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Green%20%28musician%29 |
Balloch Castle is an early 19th-century country house situated at the southern tip of Loch Lomond, in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. Balloch was a property of the Lennox family from the 11th century, and the old castle was built in the 13th century. In the 19th century the estate was purchased by John Buchanan of Ardoch, who demolished the ruins of the old castle and erected the present building. The Tudor Gothic architecture is the work of Robert Lugar. In 1915 Balloch was bought by Glasgow City Corporation, and has been leased by West Dunbartonshire Council since 1975. The estate was designated as a country park in 1980, and since 2002 has been part of Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park. Although the house has been periodically used for visitor facilities and council offices, it is now included on the Buildings at Risk Register. Balloch Castle is a category A listed building, and the estate is included on the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.
History
The old castle
The lands of Balloch were granted to the Lennox family in 1072 by King Malcolm III, forming part of the ancient earldom of Lennox. The earls of Lennox built the original Balloch Castle around 1238, and held it until approximately 1390. Many of their early charters were dated at Balloch. The earls afterwards moved their base to the island of Inchmurrin in Loch Lomond, where the remains of a late 14th-century castle can still be seen. Situated nearer the water than the present day castle, there are no standing remains, the earthworks can still be seen. An irregular mound, approximately , surrounded by a ditch up to across. This site is given statutory protection as a scheduled monument.
In the 15th century Balloch, along with the earldom of Lennox, came to the Stewarts of Darnley. It stayed in the Stewart family until 1652 when the 4th Duke of Lennox sold it to John Colquhoun of Luss.
Balloch Castle
The present castle was built as a residence in 1808–1809 at the order of John Buchanan of Ardoch (1761–1839), who had bought the estate in 1800. Buchanan was a Glasgow merchant, the son of Thomas Buchanan of Ardoch (died 1789). John Buchanan was involved in his father's hat-making business, and also like his father was a partner in the Ship Bank, Glasgow's oldest banking house, founded in 1749. He represented Dunbartonshire in parliament from 1821–1826.
The architect of the Tudor Gothic building was London-based Robert Lugar, who had designed the nearby Tullichewan Castle in 1792. The building's turrets and crenellations are purely decorative with no defensive value. The lancet windows, tracery, hoodmoulds and blind arrow-slits are all borrowings from earlier building styles. Although an unimaginative designer, at Balloch Lugar helped to introduce the asymmetrical, "picturesque" form of castellated house into Scotland. The new castle may incorporate stone from the earlier castle, or the fabric of an earlier building on the site. Buchanan established the parkland around the castle, including the planting of ornamental trees and imported shrubs.
Later history
In 1830, Buchanan purchased the adjacent estate of Boturich, including a ruined castle north of Balloch Castle. He again engaged Robert Lugar to rebuild the castle, which he then occupied, selling Balloch. The latter passed through several owners in the 19th century, including Mr Gibson Stott, who made further improvements to the parks, and the Denniston-Brown family. The estate, comprising , was purchased in 1915 by the Corporation of the City of Glasgow, the predecessor of the current city council, to provide publicly accessible open space. Although still owned by Glasgow City Council, the park and house have been leased to Dunbarton District Council, and its successor West Dunbartonshire Council, since 1975. It was registered as a country park in 1980. The house has been a category A listed building since 1971.
The house has periodically been used to provide visitor facilities and offices, with past occupants including the Nature Conservancy Council and the local Countryside Ranger Service. By 2008 the building was in poor condition, and was added to the Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland. In January 2014, an application for listed building consent was lodged, to permit repairs to the now-disused structure. In February 2014 West Dunbartonshire Council announced a programme of repairs to preserve the building.
Estate
The castle grounds feature two main pleasure gardens, one to the north of the house including rhododendrons and azaleas that reach full bloom in late May and early June. To the south is a walled garden planted with flowers and shrubs, and surrounded by the second area of ornamental planting. Between these two areas, and sweeping down to the loch shore, is an area of grassed parkland with specimen trees. The whole is framed by ornamental and semi-natural woodlands. In 2001, a £2.3-million programme of works sought to restore the castle grounds, including the reopening of lost views and improved woodland management. Funding was provided by the Heritage Lottery Fund and Scottish Enterprise, as well as the council.
References
External links
Balloch Castle - West Dunbartonshire Council
Buildings and structures completed in 1238
Castles in West Dunbartonshire
Category A listed buildings in West Dunbartonshire
Houses completed in 1809
Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes
Listed castles in Scotland
Buildings at Risk Register for Scotland
Vale of Leven | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balloch%20Castle |
Calvary Day School is an Independent Christian school located in Savannah, Georgia, United States. It is associated with the Association of Christian Schools International (ACSI).
Notable Alumni
Nolan Smith - NFL player
References
External links
1961 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Christian schools in Georgia (U.S. state)
Educational institutions established in 1961
Private high schools in Georgia (U.S. state)
Private middle schools in Georgia (U.S. state)
Private elementary schools in Georgia (U.S. state)
Schools in Savannah, Georgia
Segregation academies in Georgia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvary%20Day%20School |
Midsommarkransen (The Midsummer Wreath) is a suburban district of Stockholm with a history from 1775.
The underground metro station opened in 1964.
Districts of Stockholm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midsommarkransen |
Heaven Shall Burn... When We Are Gathered is the fourth studio album by Swedish black metal band Marduk. It was recorded and mixed at The Abyss in January 1996 and released on July 1 that year by Osmose Productions. It was re-released in digipak format with bonus tracks on June 27, 2006. Heaven Shall Burn... When We Are Gathered is the first Marduk album to feature Legion, formerly of Ophthalamia, on vocals and Peter Tägtgren as mixer. This album marked a shift in style for what Marduk are popularly known for; hyper-blast blast beats and furious drum work, sheer brutality over melody (compared to previous releases), and raw vocals.
The music for "Glorification of the Black God" is an adaptation of Modest Mussorgsky's "Night on Bald Mountain". The first guitar riff is from a score in the 1939 version of The Wizard of Oz. Furthermore, the lyrics of the song are clearly inspired by "Bald Mountain's" basic theme (a witches' Sabbath on St. John's Night). The title of the album is a reference to the Bathory song "Dies Irae" from Blood Fire Death. It has also inspired the name of German melodic death metal/metalcore band Heaven Shall Burn.
Track listing
Personnel
Marduk
Legion – vocals
Morgan Steinmeyer Håkansson – guitar
B. War – bass
Fredrik Andersson – drums
References
1996 albums
Marduk (band) albums
Osmose Productions albums
Regain Records albums
Albums produced by Peter Tägtgren | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaven%20Shall%20Burn...%20When%20We%20Are%20Gathered |
The Navya-Nyāya (sanskrit: नव्य-न्याय) or Neo-Logical darśana (view, system, or school) of Indian logic and Indian philosophy was founded in the 13th century CE by the philosopher Gangeśa Upādhyāya of Mithila and continued by Raghunatha Siromani of Nabadwipa in Bengal. It was a development of the classical Nyāya darśana. Other influences on Navya-Nyāya were the work of earlier philosophers Vācaspati Miśra (900–980 CE) and Udayana (late 10th century). It remained active in India through to the 18th century.
Gangeśa's book Tattvacintāmaṇi ("Thought-Jewel of Reality") was written partly in response to Śrīharśa's Khandanakhandakhādya, a defence of Advaita Vedānta, which had offered a set of thorough criticisms of Nyāya theories of thought and language. In his book, Gangeśa both addressed some of those criticisms and – more important – critically examined the Nyāya darśana itself. He held that, while Śrīharśa had failed to successfully challenge the Nyāya realist ontology, his and Gangeśa's own criticisms brought out a need to improve and refine the logical and linguistic tools of Nyāya thought, to make them more rigorous and precise.
Tattvacintāmani dealt with all the important aspects of Indian philosophy, logic, set theory, and especially epistemology, which Gangeśa examined rigorously, developing and improving the Nyāya scheme, and offering examples. The results, especially his analysis of cognition, were taken up and used by other darśanas.
Navya-Nyāya developed a sophisticated language and conceptual scheme that allowed it to raise, analyse, and solve problems in logic and epistemology. It systematised all the Nyāya concepts into four main categories which are (sense-) perception (pratyakşa), inference (anumāna), comparison or similarity (upamāna), and testimony (sound or word; śabda). Great stalwarts like Basudev Sarvabhauma, Raghunath Shiromani, Jagadish Tarkalankar, Gadadhar Bhattacharya and Mathuranatha Tarkavagisha have contributed further in the development of the subject. Prof John Vattanky has contributed significantly to the modern understanding of Navya-Nyāya.
See also
Vaisheshika
Nyaya
John Vattanky
Sources and further reading
Bimal Krishna Matilal, The Navya-Nyaya Doctrine of Negation: The Semantics and Ontology of Negative Statements in Navya-Nyaya Philosophy (Harvard University Press, 1968)
J. N. Mohanty, Classical Indian Philosophy (Rowman & Littlefield, 2000)
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, et al. [edd], History of Philosophy Eastern and Western: Volume One (George Allen & Unwin, 1952)
Vattanky, John, Nyāyapañcānana B. Viśvanātha, Nyāyapañcānana B. Viśvanātha, and Dinakarabhaṭṭa. Nyāya Philosophy of Language: Analysis, Text, Translation and Interpretation of Upamāna and Śabda Sections of Kārikāvalī, Muktāvalī and Dinakarī. (Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1995)
Vattanky, John. A System of Indian Logic: The Nyana Theory of Inference. (London : Routledge, 2015)
Vattanky, John. Development of Nyāya theism. (New Delhi: Intercultural Publications, 1993)
BHATTACHARYYA, SIBAJIBAN. “GADĀDHARA BHAṬṬĀCĀRYA’S ‘VIṢAYATĀVĀDA.’” Journal of Indian Philosophy 14, no. 2 (1986): 109–93.
BHATTACHARYYA, SIBAJIBAN. “GADĀDHARA BHAṬṬĀCĀRYA’S ‘VIṢAYATĀVĀDA’ (Continued).” Journal of Indian Philosophy 14, no. 3 (1986): 217–302.
Bhattacharyya, Sibajiban. Some Features of Navya-Nyāya Logic. Philosophy East and West 24, no. 3 (1974): 329–42.
Bhattacharyya, Sibajiban. Some Features of the Technical Language of Navya-Nyāya. Philosophy East and West 40, no. 2 (1990): 129–49.
References
Indian philosophy
! | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navya-Ny%C4%81ya |
Samson's Foxes (, Shu'alei Shimshon) was an Israeli commando unit of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was part of the 54th Battalion (commanded by Zvi Zur) of the Givati Brigade. The unit participated in various battles on the southern front, including Operation GYS and the Battles of the Separation Corridor.
Uri Avnery, later to become an outspoken advocate of Israeli-Palestinian Peace and a personal friend of Yasser Arafat, was a member of this unit and wrote a song called "Samson's Foxes" which was its unofficial anthem.
The modern Givati brigade named its reconnaissance companies after the 1940s unit in 1983. The companies were consolidated into a reconnaissance battalion of the same name in 2001, once again subordinate to the Givati Brigade. Most of its work is confidential, though it is known to operate under the IDF's Gaza territorial command.
The unit's name is derived from the Bible. In the Judge Samson is described as having attached torches to the tails of three hundred foxes, leaving the panicked beasts to run through the fields of the Philistines, burning all in their wake.
The fox logo of the Israeli Army's Southern Command is derived from the same story.
References
1948 Arab–Israeli War
Special forces of Israel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson%27s%20Foxes |
Mill End or Millend is a placename which refers to streets or buildings near a mill or mill race, and to the following settlements:
In the United Kingdom
Mill End, Colmworth, Bedfordshire – a hamlet in the named civil parish
Mill End, Buckinghamshire – a hamlet in Hambleden civil parish
Mill End, Kirtling, Cambridgeshire – a hamlet in the named civil parish
Mill End, Finchingfield, Essex – a hamlet in the named civil parish
Millend, Eastington, Gloucestershire – a hamlet in the named civil parish (Stroud district)
Mill End, Northleach, Gloucestershire – a hamlet in the civil parish of Northleach with Eastington (Cotswold district) which has in recent times become a contiguous part of Northleach
Millend, North Nibley, Gloucestershire – a hamlet in the named civil parish (Stroud district)
Mill End, Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire – a semi-rural village which has in recent times become a contiguous part of the named town
Mill End, Sandon, Hertfordshire – a hamlet in the named civil parish
Mill End, Bredon, Worcestershire – a hamlet in the named civil parish | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill%20End |
In photography, soft focus is a lens flaw, in which the lens forms images that are blurred due to spherical aberration. A soft focus lens deliberately introduces spherical aberration in order to give the appearance of blurring the image while retaining sharp edges; it is not the same as an out-of-focus image, and the effect cannot be achieved simply by defocusing a sharp lens. Soft focus is also the name of the style of photograph produced by such a lens.
Photography
Because soft focus results from what are considered technical flaws, typically spherical and chromatic aberration, many older lenses had soft focus built in as a side effect of their construction. Some lens makers, such as Pinkham-Smith and Busch Nicola Perscheid (see Nicola Perscheid), intentionally designed lenses to take advantage of these flaws and, as color became available, chromatic aberration was less desirable, but well-managed spherical aberration was desirable. Newer lenses are optimized to minimize optical aberrations, but there are lenses such as the Canon EF 135mm lens f/2.8 with Softfocus, Pentax SMC 28mm f2.8 FA Soft Lens, Mamiya 180mm f/4.0 Soft Focus Lens for 645 Cameras, and the Lensbaby Velvet 56mm lens, which have adjustable levels of spherical aberration at wide apertures. The effect can be disabled entirely as well, in which case the lens is sharp.
In the mid-1930s, Leitz designed a legendary soft-focus lens, the Thambar 90mm f2.2, for the Leica rangefinder cameras. It was made in small numbers, no more than 3000 units. It is a rare collector's item today. In 2017, a new version was produced, costing $6,495. A lens from the original series can fetch between $3,000 and $8,000, depending on condition. The soft focus effect is used as an effect for glamour photography, because the effect eliminates blemishes, and in general produces a dream-like image.
The effect of a soft focus lens is sometimes approximated by the use of diffusion filter or other method, such as stretching a nylon stocking over the front of the lens, or smearing petroleum jelly on a clear filter or on the front element or even the back element of the lens itself. The latter is less recommended because successive cleaning always introduces a risk to damage the lens's surface.
It can also be approximated with post-processing procedures. Specifically, highlights in an image are blurred, but the bokeh effects of soft focus cannot be reproduced.
See also
Rodenstock Imagon
Aberration in optical systems
Lens (optics)
Special effect
Bokeh
Convolution
Depth of field
Low-pass filter
Gaussian blur
References
External links
Soft Focus Lens Article
Soft-Focus Lenses and Techniques, an overview for large format photographers
Photographic lenses
Science of photography
Photographic techniques
Photography by genre
de:Weichzeichnung | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft%20focus |
Derek Buckner, an American realist painter based in New York City, studied at the Art Institute of Chicago and has exhibited in New York City, East Hampton, and Todo Santos, Mexico. His father, Walker Buckner, is an important realist painter in Boston. Buckner is a nephew of new-music pioneer Thomas Buckner and of children's advocate Elizabeth Buckner.
As a Brooklyn-based artist, Derek Buckner draws inspiration from the beauty within the seemingly banal settings of suburban houses and intersecting freeways. These scenes are not meant to depict particular areas of the United States but to serve as archetypal representations of American suburban sprawl. It is not only the artist's expressive, elemental brushwork that depicts vital images of the contemporary American landscape, but also his choice of subjects, which emphasize the disquiet of suburban life. Buckner states: ".... I am attracted to American productivity-- its fecundity and its excess in the twenty-first century. It is also by seeing beyond our preconceived notions of place that I find splendor—whether it be tract housing glowing in the evening sun or the intertwining of concrete freeways in the heat of the day."
Derek Buckner grew up in Brooklyn, New York. He went on to study at Vassar College and received his B.F.A. from The School of the Art Institute of Chicago. He has exhibited in New York, Chicago, Italy, Mexico, East Hampton, and Santa Fe. His work is in numerous private and corporate collections in this country and abroad. A show at the George Billis Gallery in New York was reviewed favorably in The New Yorker and in The New York Sun, as well as in other publications. He has also received reviews in The New York Times and in the LA Times and was selected by Charlotta Kotik of the Brooklyn Museum for a juried exhibition of young painters.
References
School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni
Living people
Realist painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century American male artists
Painters from Brooklyn
Vassar College alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
American male painters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derek%20Buckner |
R v Plant, [1993] 3 S.C.R. 281 is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the protection of personal information under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The issue was whether the warrantless perimeter search of the accused home and the seizure of electricity consumption records violated the accused's right against unreasonable search and seizure under section 8 of the Charter. The Court held that the seizure of consumption records was not in violation of section 8, but that the perimeter search did violate the Charter.
See also
List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Lamer Court)
References
External links
Section Eight Charter case law
Supreme Court of Canada cases
1993 in Canadian case law
Supreme Court of Canada case articles without infoboxes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%20v%20Plant |
Sheila Ruskin (born 28 March 1946) is an English actress.
She played Vipsania in the BBC adaptation of I, Claudius (1976), Kassia in the Doctor Who serial The Keeper of Traken (1981) and Alta One in the Blake's 7 episode "Redemption" (1979).
Her other TV credits include: MacKenzie, Special Branch, The Pallisers, How Green Was My Valley, The Sweeney, Tales of the Unexpected, The Professionals, Minder, Bergerac, Boon, Taggart, Miss Marple, Parnell and the Englishwoman, Casualty, Rumpole of the Bailey, Strangers and Brothers, The Bill, Dalziel and Pascoe, Holby City, Midsomer Murders, The Intruder, and The Lost Boys.
She was married to the actor David Wood (1966–1970).
Selected filmography
This, That and the Other (1969)
She'll Follow You Anywhere (1971)
The Swiss Conspiracy (1975)
Who is Killing the Great Chefs of Europe? (1978)
The Great Riviera Bank Robbery (1979)
External links
Sheila Ruskin, Aveleyman - Actor Film & TV Vidcaps.
1946 births
Living people
English television actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheila%20Ruskin |
Sir Hubert Ashton (13 February 1898 – 17 June 1979) was an English first-class cricketer, footballer and politician.
Biography
Early life
Ashton was born in Calcutta, India on 13 February 1898. Ashton's mother, Victoria Alexandrina Inglis, was the daughter of Sir John Eardley Wilmot Inglis, who commanded the British forces at the Siege of Lucknow, and Julia Selina Thesiger.
Ashton was educated at Winchester College; on leaving Winchester in 1916 he joined the Royal Field Artillery and served for the rest of World War I. He was awarded the Military Cross "for conspicuous gallantry and skill in leading a section of guns into a forward position near Trones Wood on 27th August, 1918, where, under heavy shell and machine-gun fire, he succeeded in destroying an enemy strong point, thereby greatly facilitating the infantry advance." After the war he went up to Trinity College, Cambridge.
Cricket career
As a cricketer, Ashton was a sound right-hand batsman in the outstanding Cambridge University sides in the years just after the First World War, in which he had been commissioned in the Royal Field Artillery and won the Military Cross, and he played for Essex in the vacations. In both 1921 and 1922 he scored more than 1,000 runs and at the end of the 1922 season, after just three years in first-class cricket, Ashton was averaging more than 46 runs per innings. His most famous exploit, though, was as a member of the amateur side assembled by Archie MacLaren to take on the hitherto-invincible 1921 Australian cricket team at Eastbourne. Bowled out for just 43 runs in the first innings, the so-called "England XI" were, at 60 for four wickets in their second innings, still 71 behind when Ashton was joined by Aubrey Faulkner. Ashton hit 75 in 72 minutes, Faulkner made 153 and McLaren's side won the match by 28 runs. Ashton was named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1922 largely on account of this innings. Ashton was involved in an extraordinary incident during the match against Lancashire. He was bowled, but both bails went up in the air and then returned to their grooves on top of the stumps, meaning that he was not out.
Ashton's three brothers, Gilbert, Percy and Claude, also played first-class cricket; Gilbert, Hubert and Claude captained Cambridge University in the three consecutive seasons from 1921 to 1923.
At the end of the 1922 cricket season Ashton joined the Burmah Oil Company, and his appearances thereafter were sporadic. He played for India and for Burma against the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) side led by Arthur Gilligan that toured India in 1926–27; he reappeared for several Essex matches in 1927; and there were a handful of first-class games across the 1930s, the last in 1939.
Football career
Ashton was also an accomplished footballer, playing as an amateur for all his footballing career, which began with the Corinthians and then, during the 1919–20 season, West Bromwich Albion. He made his only appearance in the Football League in May 1925 for Bristol Rovers against Reading. He joined Clapton Orient in August 1926, making five appearances for them during the 1926–27 season, and then joined Gillingham in May 1927 but shortly afterwards retired from football to focus on his cricketing career.
Post-cricket and political career
Ashton later pursued a different career, first in cricket administration, as president of Essex from 1941, and then in national UK politics. He served as High Sheriff of Essex in 1943 and was then elected as Conservative Member of Parliament for Chelmsford at the 1950 general elections and held the seat at three further UK general elections, before retiring in 1964. In 1953, he and Edgar Stanbury Dobell produced Sporting Fanfare, a light programme for the BBC. In the 1959 Birthday Honours, Ashton was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) for political and public services, and it was as Sir Hubert Ashton that he became MCC president in 1960–61. Ashton died in South Weald, Essex on 17 June 1979.
Personal life
In 1927 Ashton married Dorothy Gaitskell, sister of Hugh Gaitskell. They had two sons and two daughters.
References
External links
English cricketers
Cambridge University cricketers
Essex cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
North v South cricketers
Free Foresters cricketers
Rangoon Gymkhana cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Presidents of the Marylebone Cricket Club
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Field Artillery officers
Recipients of the Military Cross
1898 births
1979 deaths
English men's footballers
Corinthian F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs 1959–1964
English Football League players
High Sheriffs of Essex
People educated at Winchester College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Burmah-Castrol
Cricketers from Kolkata
British sportsperson-politicians
Oxford and Cambridge Universities cricketers
Men's association football fullbacks
English cricketers of 1919 to 1945
C. I. Thornton's XI cricketers
British people in colonial India
Burmese cricket people
Church Estates Commissioners
Association football people awarded knighthoods
English knights | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert%20Ashton |
The 2006 edition of the Paris–Nice bicycle race was run from March 5 to March 12. The race was won by United States rider Floyd Landis, of Team Phonak.
Stages
05-03-2006: Issy-les-Moulineaux – Issy-les-Moulineaux, 4.8 km. (Prologue, ITT)
The prologue stage saw 2005 GC winner Bobby Julich retain the yellow/white GC leader's jersey after defeating Kazakh Andrey Kaschechkin, who held the best time through most of the stage's duration, by a narrow margin of 1 second.
As the winner of the first stage he also received the green/white points jersey.
The blue jersey for best young rider went to Alberto Contador.
06-03-2006: Villemandeur – Saint-Amand-Montrond, 193 km. (Stage 1)
By winning the peloton sprint in Saint-Amand-Montrond ahead of Allan Davis, Tom Boonen (who finished fifth in the prologue stage five seconds down on Bobby Julich) took over the yellow/white jersey due to the time bonus awarded to stage winners.
He also took over first place in the points classification.
After a short solo breakaway effort by David Zabriskie, Frenchmen Cristophe Laurent and Stéphane Augé launched a long attack at the 60-km point but were caught by the chasing peloton only 2 km before the finish line. Augé was awarded the first red polka dotted jersey in the mountains classification.
07-03-2006: Cerilly – Belleville, 200 km. (Stage 2)
Stage 2 saw a repeat of Tom Boonen's victory over Allan Davis in the first stage, the Belgian finishing first in another bunch sprint.
The polka-dotted mountains jersey changed hands due to a long breakaway by French rider Nicolas Crosbie, who established a maximum lead of 27'30" after 81 kilometers. Crosbie was caught by the peloton 10 km before the finish line.
The blue jersey for the best young rider was awarded to Benoît Vaugrenard who took over first place with former leader Alberto Contador finishing 1'13 behind the pack.
08-03-2006: Julienas – Saint-Étienne, 168.5 km. (Stage 3)
In the third stage to Saint-Étienne, where Kazakh racer Andrei Kivilev died after a fall in the 2003 edition of Paris–Nice (prompting the UCI to make the wearing of helmets mandatory during all UCI-sanctioned races), there were some changes to the race classifications as American Floyd Landis took over first place in the GC, placing second in the stage after Patxi Xabier Vila Errandonea.
Nicolas Crosbie and Tom Boonen retained their respective climber and sprinter jerseys, whereas the blue jersey for the best young rider was awarded to Stefan Schumacher who finished 1'25 behind the winner.
As expected of a hilly stage Stage 3 saw breakaway attempts on the different climbs, the defining break happening on the last climb of the day, the Col de la Croix de Chaubouret.
09-03-2006: Saint-Étienne – Rasteau, 193 km. (Stage 4)
10-03-2006: Avignon – Digne-les-Bains, 201.5 km. (Stage 5)
11-03-2006: Digne-les-Bains – Cannes, 179 km. (Stage 6)
12-03-2005: Nice – Nice, 135 km. (Stage 7)
General Standings
KOM Classification
Points Classification
Best Young Rider
Best Team
References
Race website
cyclingnews
Paris–Nice
Paris-Nice
Paris-Nice
Paris-Nice | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Paris%E2%80%93Nice |
James Rumsey Beverley (June 15, 1894 – June 17, 1967) was a United States lawyer and politician, appointed as attorney general of Puerto Rico, serving 1927 to 1932. During this period, he was appointed as acting governor of Puerto Rico in 1929 and in January 1932, he was appointed governor by President Herbert Hoover and served through 1933. He was the only non-Puerto Rican appointee of 15 from 1900 to 1952 who could speak Spanish before going there.
Early and personal life
Beverley was born in Amarillo, Texas to William and Clara (Hendricks) Beverley. He attended local schools and went to college at the University of Texas in Austin. He served in the United States Army during World War I as an artillery officer, serving in France. After completing law school at the University of Texas and starting work as a lawyer, he married Mary Smith Jarmon in 1925.
Attorney and political career
Beverley was active in Republican Party politics in Texas. Beverley was appointed as Assistant Attorney General of Puerto Rico in 1925, serving until 1927.
Beverley spoke Spanish as a second language. In 1927, he was appointed as Attorney General of Puerto Rico, serving until 1932. When appointed as governor of Puerto Rico for periods in 1929 and 1932-1933, he was the only one of fifteen non-Puerto Ricans to serve in that position between 1900 and 1952 who already spoke Spanish. He became close friends with Theodore Roosevelt Jr., who followed him in 1930 as governor, serving until 1932. The two men had a close relationship for the rest of their lives.
In Beverley's tenures as governor, he had to deal with a major hurricane in which several people died and there was extensive damage. He also managed through the end of Prohibition on the island.
In 1932, during his second period of governor, he provoked controversy by recommending the use of birth control. American Catholics were much more disturbed by this and raised many objections than did Puerto Ricans, who mostly ignored his comments. Soon after taking office, he had to deal with agitation resulting from charges made by Pedro Albizu Campos, president of the Nationalist Party, that Cornelius Rhoads, an American medical researcher with the Rockefeller Foundation, had been working on a United States plot to exterminate Puerto Ricans, based on Rhoads' own letter that became public. He ordered an investigation by the Attorney General José Ramón Quiñones, who found no evidence of wrongdoing by Rhoads of the American health project.
On August 11, 1931, Beverley was one of seven people, including five officials, on board a chartered Pan American Airways Sikorsky seaplane flight tour of Puerto Rico, including the wife of then-Governor Teddy Roosevelt. The plane sank on landing, but no one suffered any injuries. The people were all taken off by boats.
Following his service as governor, Beverley continued to live and work in Puerto Rico as the head of a large firm. He practiced law and served on numerous commissions and was active in the US Coast Guard reserve, helping lead efforts to protect Puerto Rican waters during World War II.
In the 1960s Beverley returned to Austin, Texas. He lived there until his death in 1967, two days after turning 73.
Legacy and honors
His papers are held by the University of Texas.
References
Politicians from Amarillo, Texas
Military personnel from Texas
University of Texas alumni
Texas lawyers
Governors of Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico Attorneys General
1894 births
1967 deaths
United States Army officers
Texas Republicans
Republican Party (Puerto Rico) politicians
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American lawyers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20R.%20Beverley |
Breconshire Brewery was a brewery in Brecon in Powys, Wales. Since its establishment in 2002, the brewery has received numerous awards at Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) festivals and others. The brewery owns three pubs in Powys: two in Brecon and one in Llangynidr.
In January 2014, the brewery closed.
Brewery
Breconshire Brewery was established when the beer distribution company C.H. Marlow decided to expand into beer production. Marlow established the brewery in a part of their warehouse in Brecon. The brewery's copper, mash tun, lauter tun and fermenters came thirdhand from Pembrokeshire Brewery.
Beer
Breconshire's beers were made with Optic barley and use varieties of hops from Wales and England. The brewery recommended that, unlike other cask ales, Breconshire beers be tapped and vented at the same time; failure to do so led to incomplete sedimentation.
Ysbryd y Ddraig ("Spirit of the Dragon") began with a standard Breconshire beer as a base, with Golden Valley and Ramblers Ruin known to have been used before; the beer was then aged for several months in whiskey casks. The beer was also sold as a Discworld tie-in beer under the name Bearhugger's Old Restorative.
Fan Dance took its name from the exercise conducted by the British army on Pen y Fan and contained a blend of Progress and "dwarf" hops.
Awards
Great Welsh Beer & Cider Festival, 2003: Gold medal, Brecon County Ale; silver medal, Golden Valley Ale; silver medal, Ramblers Ruin Ale
Carmarthen Beer Festival, 2003: Beer of the festival, Golden Valley Ale
Great Welsh Beer & Cider Festival, 2004: Best bitter, Brecon County Ale; Champion Beer of Wales 2004–2005, Golden Valley Ale
Narberth Food Festival, 2004: Beer of the Festival, Green Dragon Ale
Great British Beer Festival, 2005: Finalist, Champion Beer of Britain, Golden Valley Ale
Great Welsh Beer & Cider Festival, 2005: Gold medal (bitter), Brecon County Ale; joint winner, best bitters, Golden Valley Ale; finalist, Champion Beer of Wales, Ramblers Ruin
Closure
In January 2014, the brewery closed, with the loss of 3 jobs.
References
External links
Breconshire Brewery homepage
Breconshire
British companies established in 2002
Food and drink companies established in 2002
Powys | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breconshire%20Brewery |
Hooray for Diffendoofer Day! is a children's book credited to Dr. Seuss "with some help from Jack Prelutsky and Lane Smith". The book is based on verses and sketches created by Seuss before his death in 1991, and was expanded to book length and completed by poet Prelutsky and illustrator Smith for publication in 1998.
Plot
The story surrounds the Diffendoofer School in the town of Dinkerville, which is well liked by its students, particularly the unnamed narrator, notably because of its many eccentric faculty members, especially Miss Bonkers, the narrator's teacher. However, the students must make a good grade on a standardized test (which turns out in the end to be a revising test on multiple subjects they regularly learn) lest Diffendoofer be demolished and they be sent to an adjacent school in Flobbertown, which requires uniforms to be worn and is incredibly dull.
1998 children's books
Books by Dr. Seuss
American picture books
Books published posthumously
Random House books
Schools in fiction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooray%20for%20Diffendoofer%20Day%21 |
Mucky Pup were an American hardcore and crossover thrash band formed in Bergenfield, New Jersey, in 1986, when brothers Chris (vocals) and John (drums) Milnes joined up with Scott Dottino (bass) and Dan Nastasi (guitar) as the cover band, Predator. The band soon began writing original material and changed the band name to Mucky Pup. Over the years, the band went through several lineup changes and musical style changes while gaining minor success in both the USA and Europe. Their breakthrough moment occurred when they won second place in a Bloom County comic strip contest, resulting in the band performing a song featured on a flexi disc packaged with a 1987 Bloom County comic strip compilation. However, their European success, based on strong tours and charting for the 1989 A Boy in a Man's World album, surpassed all recognition achieved in their home country. The band split up in 1995 but reunited from 2009 through 2014 with a rotating lineup of both former and new members with vocalist Chris Milnes being the only constant.
History
Early years
The band initially started as a cover band named Predator. It was not long before the band started writing original material and changed their name to Mucky Pup. They released two demo tapes in 1987. The first demo, Live and Mucky, was recorded live. After its release, bassist Scott Dottino left the band. A second demo, Greatest Hits, featuring former Hades member Scott LePage on bass, followed. Together, the two demos sold a combined amount of over 1,200 copies. That same year, the band was featured on a flexi disc in the Bloom County book, Billy and the Boingers Bootleg. This was the result of the band taking second place in a contest held for the Bloom County comic strip. The band, performing as the comic strip characters Billy and the Boingers, recorded "U-Stink-But-I-♥-U," to be featured as one of the two songs featured on the flexi disc.
Torrid Records
The band went on to play "battle of the bands" competitions in and around New Jersey. It was during one such event, while playing with the band Trixter at the Paramus, New Jersey roller rink, that a representative from Torrid Records first saw the band. The band was offered a record contract and several weeks later, they signed their first record deal with the independent label. Signing with Torrid brought a distribution deal in Europe with Roadrunner Records' sister label, Roadracer Records. The band's first album, Can't You Take a Joke?, was released in 1988.
In 1989, the band released their second album, A Boy in a Man's World. The album featured a re-recorded version of "U-Stink-But-I-♥-U", for which the band shot their first music video. MTV played the video two times. A Boy In A Man's World also featured cover art by friend and future DC and Marvel comic book artist, Nelson DeCastro, who had previously created T-shirt art for the band as well.
Before the recording of A Boy In A Man's World, LePage, who had never been considered an official member of the band, left due to touring conflicts. He was replaced by Dave Neabore. Shortly after the album was released, the band found themselves on their first tour of Europe. Although Mucky Pup never had a hit in the U.S., their European distribution deal, combined with this tour, helped the band attain success in Europe. When the band returned home, Nastasi resigned and helped co-found the band Non-Fiction with former members of Hades. Nastasi stayed with Non-Fiction for a short time before leaving to join Murphy's Law. Nastasi's position in Mucky Pup was filled by band friend Sean Kilkenny. After a year or so, Neabore and Kilkenny left to form the band that would become Dog Eat Dog and Nastasi returned to record with Mucky Pup while simultaneously joining Dog Eat Dog as well.
The band's third album, Now, was released in 1990. Now introduced new bass player Marc DeBacker, of Belgium, to the lineup and featured guest appearances by Evan Seinfeld and Billy Graziadei of the band Biohazard, whom Mucky Pup had befriended and regularly used as an opening act. In the past, various clubs had refused to let Biohazard play, thinking that their performances could lead to violence, but Mucky Pup sneaked the band on stage for a few songs before their own set. The band shot a second video, "Hippies Hate Water," which MTV never played.
The band began playing shows with bands such as Primus, Gwar, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Murphy's Law, Bad Brains, 24-7 Spyz, and Scatterbrain. While Nastasi had returned to record Now, he no longer toured with the band, as he was performing with Dog Eat Dog at the same time Mucky Pup was touring. As a result, new guitarist Splatter became the band's live guitarist. Splatter's time with band was brief and he was replaced by Terry, who remained their live guitarist until 1992.
After the release of Now, Mucky Pup ended their association with Torrid and Roadrunner Records.
Century Media Records
In 1991, the band signed with Century Media Records and released Act Of Faith in the following year. Once again, the lineup shuffled with DeBacker being replaced by Christopher "Junior" LaPlante, and the addition of Kevin Powers as a keyboard player. Powers had previously played in the local New Jersey band, Articulate Violence. Videos were shot for the songs "Freakin' at the Peepshow" and "Mr. Hand", which only received airplay in Europe.
Shortly after the recording of the album, Nastasi stepped down from both Mucky Pup and Dog Eat Dog. He re-joined the original lineup of Non-Fiction, now calling themselves #9. #9 was in the process of recording their debut when Nastasi accepted a solo record deal with SPV Records. Nastasi named the band Nastasee and recorded two albums, featuring collaborations with members of both Mucky Pup and Dog Eat Dog. Trim The Fat and Ule Tide were only intended for European release and as a result, the band embarked on four tours of the continent. Before Ule Tide could officially be released, Nastasee was dropped from the label and the album was never officially released outside of promotional and mail order copies. As a result, Nastasi disbanded his band.
1993 saw Mucky Pup take a turn away from humorous pop songs to focus on more aggressive, emotional and angry songs with their fifth release, Lemonade. The album brought yet another lineup change, as John Milnes moved to guitar and Kevin Powers took the drummer's position. It also saw the return of Marc DeBacker on bass. Since his previous run with Mucky Pup, DeBacker had moved on to replace Nastasi on guitar in Dog Eat Dog and had taken part in the recording of the band's second full-length album, Play Games as well as the European tour that preceded it. Once again, Mucky Pup returned to Europe, appearing frequently with Carter the Unstoppable Sex Machine with whom the band became good friends.
After releasing two albums in as many years with Century Media Records, Mucky Pup ended their association with the label.
Mucky Records / SPV Music
In 1993, the band released the album Alive & Well under their own imprint, Mucky Records, through SPV Music exclusively in Europe. The album was primarily a collection of live tracks recorded during their 1993 tour of Europe. It also contains a demo version of "The Skinheads Broke My Walkman" from the Act of Faith album, as well as cover versions of Prince's "Darling Nikki" and Sade's "Nothing Can Come Between Us". New additions to the lineup were Eric "EVS" VanSteenbergh and Glen Cummings, both on guitar. Cummings had previously been a member of both Ludichrist and Scatterbrain and toured Europe with Mucky Pup, on two occasions, as a part-time member of the band.
The band's final album, Five Guys In A Really Hot Garage, was released in Germany in 1995. The final lineup saw John Milnes return to the drums and also featured the additions of Jack "Hinge" Pitzer, formerly of New Jersey thrash metal band, The Beast, on guitar and Joe Mama on bass. DeBacker had already left the band a second time to return to Belgium and form the band 10,000 Women Man. Bass player Bill Bergmann appeared on two of the songs and was pictured on the album cover. Bergmann remained as the bass player for what was the last several months of the band's original existence.
Post-Mucky Pup
In 1998, Chris and John Milnes formed a band named Bully with Bill Bergmann and Kevin Powers. Bully was an attempt to continue recording together without the Mucky Pup name which they felt, at the time, had run its course. This lineup recorded a five-song demo consisting of the final original Mucky Pup material but no album ever materialized. The songs were retroactively made Mucky Pup songs when included on the 2012 re-release of Five Guys In A Really Hot Garage and referred to as the Straight Outta' Jersey EP.
Also in 1998, Dan Nastasi and John Milnes joined forces with former Mucky Pup and Dog Eat Dog bandmates Dave Neabore and Sean Kilkenny, to become All Boro Kings. The project was a throwback to the early days of Dog Eat Dog, as it focused on the hardcore style that Dog Eat Dog had originally displayed on their first two releases. The band quickly signed with Century Media Records who released their debut album Just For The Fun Of It in 2002. The album was released exclusively in Europe due to the strong European fan base the members had in their other bands. The band would also appear on several compilation albums. The band played most of their shows in and around New Jersey before embarking on one European tour with Biohazard, Agnostic Front, Hatebreed, Discipline, Death Threat and Born From Pain, as part of the Eastpak Resistance Tour. In 2004, All Boro Kings quietly disbanded.
In 2005, Kevin Powers co-directed the music video for the Bloodhound Gang's song "Uhn Tiss Uhn Tiss Uhn Tiss", the second single from their Hefty Fine album.
In 2013 Bill Bergmann along with Dylan Gadino and Derek Gadino formed Robots and Monsters. Soon after their debut album Down to Ash was recorded, they enlisted former bandmate Kevin Powers for drumming duties.
Robots and Monsters went on to release the follow-up Nothing to Fear, Nothing to Fight in 2016.
Reunions
After their breakup in 1996, Mucky Pup reunited for one night performances on several occasions, each time featuring a different incarnation or combination of previous lineups. In 1999, they reunited as an opening act for their first show ever with Dog Eat Dog. This was followed by five more one-off headlining reunion shows in 2000, 2002 and 2003.
In October 2008, the band updated their website for the first time in several years. As part of the update, the band announced that they would embark on a European mini-tour in the summer of 2009. The reunited band, consisting of Chris Milnes, John Milnes, Dan Nastasi, Dave Neabore and Kevin Powers, made a United States appearance at Mexicali Live in Teaneck, New Jersey, on April 11, 2009, performing to a sold out crowd. In July 2009, the band performed at the Rock for People and With Full Force festivals. The band made a second trip to Europe in late August to play a handful of festival dates with bands such as Municipal Waste, Gorefest, Flotsam and Jetsam, Sodom and Martyr, before ending the tour with a string of dates with Superbutt. The European tour dates featured the lineup of Chris Milnes, Dan Nastasi, Mark DeBacker and Kevin Powers performing songs voted on, via the internet, by their fans. The band returned to Mexicali Live on December 11 to perform their final show of 2009. The show was a release party for Live At Mexicali 2009, a DVD and CD recording of the show held at the same location, the previous April. Towards the end of Mucky Pup's set, the original lineup of Dog Eat Dog reunited onstage to perform two songs.
Mucky Pup continued to perform in 2010 starting with a performance at The Saint, a nightclub located in Asbury Park, New Jersey, on January 16. On May 1, 2010, the band performed at a small benefit show held in honor of Marc DiNardo, a Jersey City Emergency Services Unit Police Officer, and longtime fan of the band, who was killed in the line of duty in July 2009. Mucky Pup made its return to Europe during the summer of 2010 for several festival and club dates. The most notable appearance of the tour was on June 27 at the Graspop Metal Meeting in Dessel, Belgium where the band appeared alongside acts such as Killswitch Engage, Amon Amarth and Kiss. The band returned for a third performance at Mexicali Live in Teaneck, New Jersey on November 24, 2010, with Murphy's Law as an opening act.
On February 27, 2011, Mucky Pup appeared as an opening act for D.R.I. at Starland Ballroom in Sayreville, New Jersey. A short tour of the Netherlands and Belgium followed in the first week of June 2011 and featured the lineup of Chris Milnes, Kevin Powers, Mark DeBacker and Sean Kilkenny. On June 24, 2011, Mucky Pup performed on the first day of the three-day East Coast Tsunami Fest in Reading, Pennsylvania where they shared the stage with several bands such as Skarhead, Murphy's Law and Leftöver Crack. The band returned to Mexicali Live on November 25, 2011, as an opening act for Assault, a band featuring John Connor of Dog Eat Dog and Nelson Decastro within its lineup.
Mucky Pup performed its first show of 2012 at The Blue Room in Secaucus, New Jersey on February 10 and featured the line up of Chris Milnes, Dave Neabore, Kevin Powers and Sean Kilkenny. The show served as a warm-up show for a tour of Europe scheduled to run from mid-February through early March and featuring the previous year's European lineup of Chris Milnes, Kevin Powers, Mark DeBacker and Sean Kilkenny. The band returned to The Blue Room on November 27, 2013, with the five-piece lineup of Chris Milnes, Dave Neabore, Dan Nastasi, Sean Kilkenny and Matt DeSomma.
On March 14, 2014, Mucky Pup performed with D.R.I. once again at the Studio at Webster Hall in New York City. Both bands performed the following night as well at Mexical Live in Teaneck, New Jersey. Both nights featured the five-piece lineup of Chris Milnes, Dave Neabore, Dan Nastasi, Sean Kilkenny and John Milnes. The band ceased performing again after these two 2014 shows and their official website shut down.
Band members
Original lineup
Chris Milnes – lead vocalist (all releases and tours)
John Milnes – drummer, guitarist (all releases and tours)
Dan Nastasi – guitarist (Live and Mucky demo – Act of Faith)
Scott Dottino – bassist (Live and Mucky demo)
Later members
Scott LePage – bassist (Greatest Hits demo and Can't You Take A Joke) (not considered a full-time member)
Dave Neabore – bassist (A Boy In A Man's World)
Sean Kilkenny – guitarist (live during the A Boy In A Man's World tours)
Marc DeBacker – bassist (Now and Lemonade)
Christopher "Junior" LaPlante – bassist (Act Of Faith)
Eric VanSteenbergh – guitarist (Alive & Well)
Joe "Mama" Savino – bassist (Five Guys In A Really Hot Garage)
Splatter – guitarist (live during the Now tour)
Terry Torino – guitarist (live during the Now and Act Of Faith tours)
Glenn Cummings – guitarist (Alive & Well) (not considered a full-time member)
Final lineup
Chris Milnes – lead vocalist
John Milnes – drummer
Jack "Hinge" Pitzer – guitarist (Five Guys In A Really Hot Garage)
Bill Bergmann – bassist (live after Five Guys In A Really Hot Garage)
Kevin Powers – keyboardist (Act Of Faith and Five Guys In A Really Hot Garage) / drummer (Lemonade and Alive & Well)
Reunion lineups
After the band's initial 2009 reunion, it featured several lineup variations with Chris Milnes being the only consistent member.
Chris Milnes – lead vocalist (all dates)
John Milnes – drummer (all but one USA date 2009–2012, 2014 / Europe dates in 2010)
Dan Nastasi – guitarist (all but one USA date) / (Europe dates 2009–2010)
Kevin Powers – keyboardist (2009–2011); drummer (one USA date in 2012) / drummer (Europe dates in 2009, 2011 & 2012)
Marc DeBacker – bassist (Europe dates) / (one USA date in 2011)
Dave Neabore – bassist (all but one USA date)
Sean Kilkenny – guitarist (Europe dates in 2011 & 2012) / (various USA dates 2012–2014)
Matt DeSomma – drummer (Europe dates in 2012/USA dates in 2013)
Jack "Hinge" Pitzer – live sound (2009 & 2010)
Discography
Studio albumsCan't You Take a Joke? (1988)A Boy in a Man's World (1989)Now (1990)Act of Faith (1992)Lemonade (1993)Five Guys in a Really Hot Garage (1995)
Singles
"U-Stink-But-I-♥-U" (1987) (included as a flexi disc in the Bloom County book, Billy and the Boingers Bootleg ())
"Short Attention Span" (1996)
LiveAlive & Well (1993) (Europe only release)Live At Mexicali 2009 (2009) (CD & DVD)
Demo tapesLive and Mucky (1987)Greatest Hits'' (1987)
References
External links
[ Mucky Pup] on Allmusic
Bloom County
Musical groups established in 1986
Hardcore punk groups from New Jersey
Heavy metal musical groups from New Jersey
Punk rock groups from New Jersey
People from Bergenfield, New Jersey
Musical groups reestablished in 2009
1986 establishments in New Jersey
American thrash metal musical groups
Crossover thrash groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucky%20Pup |
Tom Hadaway (18 March 1923 – 3 March 2005) was a writer for stage and television, born in North Shields in North East England.
Early life
Hadaway was born on Howdon Road, North Shields on 18 March 1923. After leaving school, aged 14, he worked on the North Shields Fish Quay where the characters of fellow workers made a strong impression on him. Their characteristics and experiences would later be recalled in his writing.
Career
Encouraged by the writer C. P. Taylor, who lived in nearby Newcastle and had heard his natural flair for storytelling on the radio, Hadaway began writing plays based on his experiences and observations of the region. Taylor would become a friend and mentor, advising him to write about the places and characters he knew.
Later in his career he worked on television scripts, most notably God Bless Thee Jackie Maddison (1974) as well as episodes of the drama When the Boat Comes In (1976).
He worked with Amber Films and was a key writer for Newcastle's Live Theatre Company featuring local actors including Tim Healy and Robson Green.
In 2002 he received an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of Sunderland.
His Prison Plays were published in 2004, edited by Val McLane.
In March 2018, on what would have been his 95th birthday, a blue plaque was unveiled at Hadaway's birthplace by Tim Healy.
References
1923 births
2005 deaths
People from North Shields
Writers from Tyne and Wear
English male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century English dramatists and playwrights
20th-century English male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Hadaway |
James Theodore Beverly (born September 28, 1968) is an American politician from the state of Georgia. A member of the Democratic Party, Beverly has represented the 143rd district in the Georgia House of Representatives since January 2013. He has served as Minority Leader since January 2021.
Education
Beverly earned a B.S. in Biology from Guilford College in 1990 and a doctorate in optometry from the Pennsylvania College of Optometry in 1994. He later earned an MBA from Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia in 2006 and an MPA from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government in 2010.
Political career
Beverly won a House seat in a 2011 special election. Beverly serves on the Health and Human Services, Retirement, Small Business Development, and Special Rules committees.
The first bill Beverly proposed would expand the tax credit for companies that create jobs in poor neighborhoods.
Beverly was chosen as the House Minority Leader in November 2020, after former leader Bob Trammell lost re-election to the House.
See also
Georgia General Assembly
References
External links
James Beverly at ourcampaigns.com
Vote James Beverly
1968 births
21st-century American politicians
Guilford College alumni
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Living people
Democratic Party members of the Georgia House of Representatives
Salus University alumni
Wesleyan College alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Beverly |
Henry Gordon Gale (September 12, 1874 – November 16, 1942) was an American astrophysicist and author.
Biography
He was born in Aurora, Illinois to Adalaide Rhoda (née Parker) and Eli Holbrook Gale, a physician. His mother died a few weeks after his birth; thereafter he was raised by his maternal grandparents.
Gale gained his bachelor's degree at the University of Chicago in 1896, where he also gained his PhD in physics in 1899, joining the faculty the same year. He was a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. During his studies he met Agnes Spofford Cook, who later became a children's author. They married in 1901, and their daughter Beatrice was born in 1904. In correspondence, they used the names "Bitty Wa" or "Wa Wa" for Agnes Gale, "Buck Wa" for Henry Gale and "Bims" for Beatrice. He was Dean of the Colleges (1908-22). His work in astrophysics was divided between the University of Chicago and the Mount Wilson Observatory in Pasadena, California. In 1909, he was badly burned in an electrical accident at the Observatory and he required skin grafts during two months' hospitalization. He was one of the editors of the Astrophysical Journal (1912-40). He became a full professor at the University from 1916. During World War I he served in the United States and France, obtaining the rank of lieutenant colonel. He was cited by general John J. Pershing for "especially meritorious and conspicuous service" and he was awarded the Legion of Honor by the French authorities.
After his return from Europe, he continued his role and became Dean of the Ogden School of Graduate Sciences (1922-30), Chairman of the Department of Physics (1925-40}, and Dean of the Division of Physical Sciences (1931-40). He was President of the Physics Club of Chigago (1931-40). Gale authored dozens of papers and books. His physics textbooks from 1906-1936 included (with former Chicago professor Robert Millikan) A First Course in Physics , A First Course in Laboratory Physics for Secondary Schools, Practical Physics and New Elementary Physics.
In 1938, Gale's racism became a prominent issue after Otto Struve organised an astronomy course at the university to be taught by Yerkes Observatory staff, including future Nobel Prize-winner, the Indian Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar. Struve had encouraged Chandrasekhar to join the university, supported by president Robert Hutchins. Gale objected to Chandrasekhar because he wasn't white and made it clear he would not be welcome as long as he was the dean of faculty (Gale's writing partner, Millikan, supported eugenics as a trustee of the Human Betterment Foundation). His successor, Arthur Compton, openly accepted Chandrasekhar upon Gale's retirement.
References
Robert Andrews Millikan biography
University of Chicago Photographs
External links
Guide to the Henry Gordon Gale Papers 1889-1948 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
1874 births
1942 deaths
American astronomers
American astrophysicists
American science writers
Chicago Maroons football coaches
Chicago Maroons football players
People from Aurora, Illinois
Presidents of the American Physical Society | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Gale%20%28astrophysicist%29 |
Emil Fahrenkamp (November 8, 1885, Aachen – May 24, 1966, Ratingen-Breitscheid) was a German architect and professor. One of the most prominent architects of the period between the first and second World Wars, he is best known for his 1931 Shell-Haus in Berlin.
Life and career
Born in Aachen, Fahrenkamp came to Düsseldorf to work in the office of Wilhelm Kreis from 1909 to 1912. He became an assistant, then professor, at the Düsseldorf Academy of Art. His work in the 1920s and early 1930s was an integration of progressive Neues Bauen—simplified forms, flat roofs, repeated window patterns—with features of traditional styles.
The Shell-Haus is widely considered Fahrenkamp's masterpiece, and one of the most significant office block designs of the Weimar Republic. It didn't escape criticism, however: One of the only times Adolf Hitler inveighed against a specific building in Berlin, as opposed to modern urban architecture in general, was when he told Fahrenkamp, "You're the man who committed the crime of the Shell Building." Despite this, Fahrenkamp received Nazi commissions for exhibition buildings, and had dealings with Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels; Hermann Göring, the head of the Luftwaffe and the Four Year Plan; and Albert Speer, Hitler's favorite architect and later Minister of Armaments and War Production. When Fahrenkamp was "de-Nazified" after the war, he remained active as an architect but withdrew from public life.
He died on May 24, 1966, leaving behind a wife and two daughters.
See also
Denazification
References
External links
on the Shell House in Berlin
1885 births
1966 deaths
20th-century German architects
People from Aachen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil%20Fahrenkamp |
B4 is an early morning music video programme on Channel 4, formerly shown weekday mornings at 7:00am. It was normally broadcast as part of Channel 4's breakfast programming following children's programmes and preceding a number of comedy programmes from America. Produced by the firm behind ITV's The Chart Show, and spin off from their B4 music channel on cable and satellite, the show featured around 7 new upfront videos each day that were to be released in the United Kingdom in the near future, normally within the next month.
It was hosted by broadcaster Caroline Feraday - who was out of vision and provided voiceover links.
Trivia
The first video shown on Channel 4 was Hilary Duff and Haylie Duff covering the Fun Boy Three/The Go-Go's song "Our Lips Are Sealed".
External links
Music at Channel4.com
Channel 4 original programming
CSC Media Group
2004 British television series debuts
2008 British television series endings
2000s British music television series
English-language television shows | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B4%20%28TV%20series%29 |
A blanket order, blanket purchase agreement or call-off order is a purchase order which a customer places with its supplier to allow multiple delivery dates over a period of time, often negotiated to take advantage of predetermined pricing. It is normally used when there is a recurring need for expendable goods. Blanket orders are often used when a customer buys large quantities and has obtained special discounts. Based on the blanket order, sales orders ('blanket releases' or 'release orders') and invoice items can be created as needed until the contract is fulfilled, the end of the order period is reached or a pre-determined maximum order value is reached.
Benefits
Issuing a blanket order allows a customer not to hold more stock than necessary at any time, and avoids the administrative expense of processing frequent purchase orders, while favoring discount pricing through volume commitments or price-breaks. On the supplier's side, a blanket order may provide the benefit of guaranteeing ongoing business and also help suppliers better predict future cash flows and orders.
A blanket order is set at a fixed priced contract for a period of time. The buyer looks for the best pricing among competing supplier bids. After the best one is chosen, the prices of goods are fixed, and also quantities of each product are given to the supplier to prepare stock for on requested delivery.
Forecasted quantity is provided by the buyer as full usage quantity recorded historically a few years or as needed for quantitative analysis. The supplier may give a condition of quantity to supply for this [contract]. For example, 80% of the forecast quantity must be bought at the end of the contract, which may be one or two years.
The blanket order will charge the delayed delivery if the supplier could not supply the products in the contract on time. Anyway, since the supplier has already kept the stock for ready delivery for the first year or agreed period, if the buyer could not fulfill the contract's conditions, such as "must buy 80% of forecast quantity within a year," the contract may be extended, or the delay charge could be no more, or no other charges requested by the buyer.
Realistically, at the end of the blanket order contract, the buyer would not buy at forecasted quantity as agreed in the contract say, 80% of the demand sent to the supplier. The buyer will also allow the supplier to sell the products in the contract to reduce the quantity. The supplier also has to talk and inform the buyer about the quantities of goods kept in order that the buyer could know the status of the stock. Before the buyer issuing the purchase order to the supplier, the buyer must ask the supplier first about stock availability to avoid the problem from no stock availability.
Libraries use the term "blanket order" to cover their agreements with publishers to purchase "all of a certain set of publications". Blanket orders or call-off orders may also be used for ordering services, for example for maintenance and repair services. In these cases, the benefits associated with stock-holding do not arise but the call-off order may allow emergency repairs or on-call maintenance to be arranged easily at guaranteed rates.
Difficulties
The most difficult part of having a contract is determining the forecast quantity arranged by the user of the product. As the forecast quantity can be difficult to get, the supplier must be aware of the quantity to keep in stock. An easy way to do this is to discuss with the buyer what quantity to keep in stock. For example, they might keep only 20% in stock in the first 6 months, so that the supplier and the buyer are able to review the quantity and adjust it appropriately. This reduces the stock burden of the supplier during the contract period and might help the buyer at the end of the contract if the stock does not move as quickly as anticipated. The contract might be extended year after year, but it can be adjusted each time as more relevant forecasting history will predicate the need to decrease or increase stock requirements. Alternatively, some companies may utilize forecasted information via a material requirements planning system to determine appropriate stock quantities throughout the product's life cycle.
Federal Acquisition Regulation
The United States' Federal Acquisition Regulation uses the term "blanket purchase agreements" or BPAs at FAR 8.405-3: The Regulation notes a preference in favour of establishing multiple-award BPAs where practicable, rather than only awarding a single-award BPA.
According to the U.S. General Services Administration, BPAs:
Provide opportunities to negotiate improved discounts
Satisfy recurring requirements
Reduce administrative costs by eliminating repetitive acquisition efforts
Permit ordering activities to leverage buying power through volume purchasing
Enable ordering activities streamlined ordering procedures
Permit ordering activities to incorporate Contractor Team Arrangements (CTAs)
Reduce procurement lead time
Allow ordering activities the ability to incorporate additional agency or local terms and conditions not in conflict with the underlying contract.
See also
General order
Invoice
Purchase order
Remittance advice
Sales order
References
Accounting source documents
Procurement
Business documents | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanket%20order |
A millrind or simply rind is an iron support, usually four-armed or cross-shaped, for the upper ("runner") stone in a pair of millstones.
The rind is affixed to the top of the square-section main shaft or spindle and supports the entire weight of the runner stone, which can be as much as several tons. The face of a runner stone usually has a carved depression, called the "Spanish cross", to accommodate the millrind. The rind is necessary because the grain is fed through the runner stone's central hole, so the spindle cannot be inserted through it like a cartwheel on an axle.
Mechanism
A later refinement, replacing the cross, was to mount a mace onto the spindle, which fitted into a gimbal let into the runner stone. The device allowed the runner stone to move in two planes and thus follow the nether (stationary) stone more closely, but great care had to be taken to ensure that its weight was properly balanced. The separation of the nether stone from the runner, controlling the fineness of the grind, was adjusted by the tenter mechanism: a screw jack to raise or lower the bearing carrying the base of spindle.
In heraldry
The millrind occasionally appears as a charge in heraldry, in which it is often known by the French name fer-de-moline ("iron of a mill"). Like real millrinds, the fer-de-moline is highly variable in form. The 16th century writer Bossewell characterized it as a symbol fit for judges and magistrates, who keep men on a straight course just as a millrind does with a runner stone. However it is more often found in canting arms of families with names such as Miller, Milne and Mills and Turner, Turnor and Turnour.
Another charge based on the millrind is the cross moline, which takes the form of a cross with bifurcated ends (sometimes with a pierced centre and sometimes without). In early blazons the term fer-de-moline often refers to the cross moline.
Gallery
References
Heraldic charges
Grinding mills | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millrind |
Sir Edward Clay KCMG (born 21 July 1945) is a retired British diplomat, formerly a High Commissioner and ambassador.
During his time as British High Commissioner in Kenya, Sir Edward earned a reputation for his willingness to speak out against corruption at high levels of the Kenyan government. In a speech made in July 2004 to the British Business Association of Kenya, he famously remarked that the "gluttony" of senior figures in the government of President Mwai Kibaki was causing them to "vomit all over our shoes". His outspoken views earned him widespread popularity among Kenyan citizens but he became persona non grata with the Kenyan government. More surprisingly, his own (British) government also came to see him as problematic, undermining the distribution of British aid funding to Kenya.
He won a scholarship to study at Magdalen College, Oxford.
Career summary
1968: joined Foreign Office, London
1970: posted to British High Commission, Nairobi
1973: appointed Second (later First) Secretary, British Embassy in Sofia
1975-1979: Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London
1979-1982: First Secretary, British Embassy in Budapest
1982-1985: Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London
1993-1997: British High Commissioner to Uganda
1994-1995: Non-resident British ambassador to Rwanda
1994-1996: Non-resident British ambassador to Burundi
1997-1999: Director, Public Diplomacy and Public Services, FCO, London
1999-2001: British High Commissioner to Cyprus
2001-2005: British High Commissioner to Kenya
Honours
1994, CMG
2005, Honorary Doctorate of Laws from University of Sunderland
Retirement
Sir Edward is now a Trustee of Leonard Cheshire, a disability organisation, and International Alert, a peacebuilding NGO.
Family
Clay married Anne Stroud in 1969, and they had three daughters.
References
Who's Who 2003 (A. & C. Black, London, 2003) page 415
External links
Kenya tells former envoy Clay he is 'persona non grata'
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Cyprus
High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Kenya
1945 births
Living people
People educated at Pocklington School
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Uganda
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Rwanda
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Burundi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Clay |
The Crystal Star is a bestselling 1994 Star Wars novel written by Vonda N. McIntyre and published by Bantam Spectra. The novel is set ten years after the Battle of Endor in the Star Wars expanded universe.
Plot
Background
Jacen and Jaina Solo are now five years old, and their brother Anakin is three, all at an age where they are easily manipulated.
Summary
On Munto Codro, Jacen, Jaina and Anakin are kidnapped by a man named Hethrir. Their mother Leia Organa Solo immediately dispatches a rescue operation. Meanwhile, Leia's husband Han Solo and brother Luke Skywalker go to Crseih Station on a supposed "vacation", and learn of a secret cult that influences the Crystal Star, which could possibly threaten the very existence of the galaxy.
Hethrir continues to manipulate the children for several days, as he leads the Empire Reborn, an organization looking to resurrect the Galactic Empire. Eventually, Leia and Chewbacca manage to rescue the children, but Hethrir is still connected to the events that transpire around the Crystal Star. After an intense series of events, Hethrir is killed, the Crystal Star explodes, Crseih station moves out of the area beforehand, and Luke, Leia, Han and the children are safe.
Reception
The Crystal Star was a New York Times Bestseller, and the sixth consecutive Star Wars novel to reach the bestseller list.
Critical reception was generally hostile. It was dubbed "The most derided novel in the entire Expanded Universe" in a 2013 retrospective with criticized elements including recycled plot elements from other EU novels such as the Solo children being kidnapped and Luke losing his Force powers, as well as the novel's stranger aspects making little sense, such as centaurs and werewolves in a science-fiction settings and Luke joining Hethrir's "transparently evil" cult.
Editions
The Crystal Star, 1st hardcover, 1994. Vonda McIntyre,
References
Further reading
External links
1994 novels
1994 science fiction novels
Star Wars Legends novels
Novels by Vonda McIntyre
Bantam Spectra books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Crystal%20Star |
Henry Gale may refer to:
Henry Gale (cricketer) (1836–1898), English cricketer
Henry Gale (astrophysicist) (1874–1942), American astrophysicist and author
Henry Gale (British Army officer) (1883–1944), British Army officer
Uncle Henry (Oz), fictional character in the early 1900s L. Frank Baum Oz series
Henry Gale (Lost), later known as Ben Linus, a fictional character in the 2006 television series Lost
Henry Gale Sanders (born 1942), American actor
Henry Gales (1834–1897), English painter
See also
Christopher Henry Gayle (born 1979), Jamaican cricketer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Gale |
Man Wa Lane (Chinese: 文華里), also commonly known as Chop Alley (圖章街), is a lane in Sheung Wan, Hong Kong, spanning from Bonham Strand to Connaught Road Central, across Wing Lok Street and Des Voeux Road Central.
Man Wa Lane is famous for stalls of chop-makers. The chops range from traditional Chinese seals to modern rubber stamps. Some stalls also offer services to print various cards.
See also
List of streets and roads in Hong Kong
References
Roads on Hong Kong Island
Sheung Wan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%20Wa%20Lane |
100 Greatest is a long-running TV strand on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom that has been broadcasting from 11 September 1999 to 10 October 2015, originating in Tyne Tees Television’s Factual Features department under Executive Producer Mark Robinson. The "list show" programmes are generally public polls, and reflect the votes of visitors to the Channel 4 website. However, the results of some of the polls are determined by experts. The programmes are usually broadcast in the weekend schedule, in three- or four-hour blocks, throughout the year. Although the strand has never been officially retired, there have been no new editions since 2015. They are also repeated on E4 on Saturday nights or on Sunday nights.
Episodes
References
External links
1999 British television series debuts
2015 British television series endings
2000s British television series
2010s British television series
British television specials
Channel 4 original programming
English-language television shows
Television series by ITV Studios
Television series by All3Media
Television series by Banijay
Top television lists
British television-related lists
Channel 4 documentary series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100%20Greatest%20%28TV%20series%29 |
Diahnne Abbott (born January 1, 1945) is an American actress. She played supporting roles in films of the 1970s and 1980s, including Taxi Driver (1976).
Abbott was married to actor Robert De Niro from 1976 to 1988. They had a son, Raphael, who was named after the hotel in Rome where he was conceived. De Niro adopted Drena, Abbott's daughter from a previous marriage. De Niro and Abbott divorced in 1988.
Abbott portrayed the pornographic movie theatre concession clerk in Martin Scorsese's Taxi Driver (1976) opposite De Niro. She has a memorable cameo in the 1977 film New York, New York, in which she sings Fats Waller's song, "Honeysuckle Rose".
She also played the object of De Niro's affections in Scorsese's 1983 film, The King of Comedy, as well as roles in the television series Crime Story (the character of Sonia) and the 1986 film Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life Is Calling (Mother). She is the cousin of singer Gregory Abbott, known for his 1986 song "Shake You Down".
Filmography
Film roles
Television roles
References
External links
1945 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from New York City
African-American actresses
American film actresses
De Niro family | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diahnne%20Abbott |
Rie is a Japanese () and Dutch feminine given name. It is also an uncommon masculine short form of Henri and a surname. Notable people with the name include:
Japanese given name
Rie can be written using different kanji characters and can mean:
理恵, "logic, blessing "
利恵, "value, blessing"
梨絵, "pear, picture"
理江, "logic, inlet"
理絵, "logic, picture"
里枝, "village, branch"
梨恵, "pear, blessing"
里依, "village, reliable"
The name can also be written in hiragana or katakana. People with this name include:
Rie, a Japanese fashion model
Rie Arikawa (梨絵), a Japanese retired ice dancer
Rie Eto (利恵), a Japanese music artist
Rie Fu (リエ), a Japanese singer-songwriter
Rie Ishizuka (理恵), a Japanese voice actress
Rie Isogai (利恵), a Japanese murder victim
Rie Kitahara (北原里英), member of Japanese idol group sensation AKB48
Rie Kanda (理江), a Japanese voice actress
, Japanese women's footballer
Rie Kugimiya (理恵, born 1979) a Japanese voice actress
Rie Kaela Kimura (木村カエラりえ), Japanese singer, songwriter, model, and presenter
, Japanese long-distance runner
Rie Miyazawa (りえ), a Japanese actress and singer
, better known as Bad Nurse Nakamura, Japanese professional wrestler
Rie Oh (理恵), the second daughter of world home run king, Sadaharu Oh
, Japanese ice hockey player
, Japanese softball player
, Japanese speed skater
Rie Saito (斉藤 里恵, born 1984), Japanese politician and writer
, Japanese swimmer
Rie Suegara (里恵), Japanese voice actress
Rie Takada (りえ), a Japanese manga artist
, Japanese voice actress and singer
Rie Tanaka (理, born 1979), a Japanese singer and voice actress
Rie Terazono (理恵 寺園), a Japanese field hockey goalkeeper
Rie Tomosaka (りえ), a Japanese actress
Rie Ueno, a Japanese long-distance runner
, Japanese women's footballer
Rie Yasumi (りえ), a Japanese Senryū poet
, Japanese poet and writer
Fictional Characters
Rie Aoi, a character from Chōjin Sentai Jetman
Rie Misumi (美墨 理恵), a character in the anime series Futari wa Pretty Cure
Rie Yamabishi (理恵), a character in the manga series Spriggan
European feminine name
The Dutch name is usually a short form of Maria or Hendrika.
Rie de Balbian Verster-Bolderhey (1890–1990), Dutch painter
Rie de Boois (1936-2010), Dutch politician
Rie Beisenherz (1901–1992), Dutch swimmer
Rie Briejèr (1910–1999), Dutch sprinter and long jumper
Rie Cramer (1887–1977), Dutch writer and illustrator
Rie Mastenbroek (1919–2003), Dutch swimmer
Rie Muñoz (1921–2015), Dutch-born American artist and educator
Rie Rasmussen (born 1978), Danish fashion model, actress, film director, writer and photographer
Rie van Veen (1923–1995), Dutch swimmer
Rie Vierdag (1905–2005), Dutch swimmer
Masculine given name
Rie Meert (1920–2006), Belgian footballer (Henri)
People with the surname
An Van Rie, a Belgian racing cyclist
Lucie Rie, an Austrian-born British studio potter
See also
Rye (disambiguation)
Japanese feminine given names
Feminine given names
Dutch feminine given names | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rie |
Pasanauri (, also spelled Passanauri) is a small town (daba) in Georgia, situated in the Dusheti district, Mtskheta-Mtianeti region.
Pasanauri lies about north of the nation's capital of Tbilisi, at elevation of 1,050 m. above sea level. Located on the Georgian Military Road, Pasanauri is flanked by the Aragvi River, and surrounded by the Caucasus Mountains. Average winter temperature is 0 degrees Celsius, but often falls below 10 degrees Celsius. As of the 2014 census, the townlet had a population of 1,148.
Due to its picturesque location and the proximity to nearby historical sites as well as for its mineral water, hiking routes, handcrafted items and food, Pasanauri became a popular tourist destination in the Soviet period, but suffered decay during the years of post-Soviet crisis.
Climate
See also
Mtskheta-Mtianeti
References
Populated places in Mtskheta-Mtianeti
Villages in Mtskheta-Mtianeti
Tiflis Governorate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasanauri |
Armaan () is a 2003 Indian Hindi-language medical drama film that was co-written and directed by Honey Irani. Starring the ensemble cast of Amitabh Bachchan, Anil Kapoor, Preity Zinta, Gracy Singh, and Randhir Kapoor, the film is set in a hospital and follows the travails of its principal, Dr.Akash (Anil Kapoor), to sustain the institution financially. Meanwhile, a mentally unstable woman named Sonia (Zinta) comes into his life and offers to help by donating to the hospital on the condition that Akash marries her.
Irani wrote the story of Armaan and also wrote the screenplay with Javed Akhtar. Principal photography (handled by Ravi Varman) took place in India and Africa, and Shirish Kunder edited the film. It was released on 16 May 2003 and declared a commercial failure, only earning against a budget. Although the film garnered mixed reviews, critics praised Irani's direction and the actors' performances, particularly those of Bachchan and Zinta. Zinta received nominations for her performance as the film's antagonist at the Filmfare Awards, the Producers Guild Film Awards, and the Screen Awards.
Plot
In a hospital founded by Dr. Siddharth Sinha, he and his adopted son, Akash, work as doctors. Siddharth wishes to run a state-of-the-art hospital, but his profession requires him to dedicate his time to his patients. Soon, a new doctor, Dr. Neha Mathur, joins the hospital and falls for Akash. However, the arrival of Sonia Kapoor later changes the relationship between Akash and Neha. Sonia is a jealous, spoilt woman who is used to having things her way, and it is not long before she wants Akash for herself. She decides that since Akash is the man for her, she can win his love with a financial agreement. The agreement states that once Akash marries Sonia, her father Gulshan Kapoor will help finance the hospital.
Siddharth dies in an attempt to bring an injured child to the hospital after suffering a heart attack. His last wish is for the hospital to be properly completed. Akash, now burdened with the increasing debts to purchase equipment for the hospital, cannot arrange for further funds. With a broken heart, he agrees to marry Sonia to set up the hospital, thus fulfilling his father's final wish. Neha understands his dilemma and agrees to break up with Akash, but because of her dedication and professionalism, she offers to continue working in the same hospital.
After the marriage, Sonia is revealed to be highly manipulative, consistently jealous and mistrustful, and obsessively controlling towards Akash. She begins to suspect that Akash is having an affair with Neha, and starts annoying both of them. She cannot stand Neha, who is still working at the hospital, and keeps coming up with all kinds of excuses to get her out. She is involved in a serious accident and has severe brain damage requiring Akash to operate on her. For a moment, he is in a dilemma—curing Sonia would mean again having to face the problems she causes. However, he decides to fulfill his duty as a doctor and Sonia later recovers. She learns that Akash operated on her, despite her behaviour. Sonia asks for Akash's forgiveness and divorces him, allowing him to marry and settle down with Neha.
Cast
Credits adapted from Box Office India:
Amitabh Bachchan as Dr. Siddharth Sinha
Anil Kapoor as Dr. Akash Sinha
Preity Zinta as Sonia Sinha
Gracy Singh as Dr. Neha Mathur
Randhir Kapoor as Gulshan Kapoor
Aamir Bashir as Dr. Sanjay
Production
In April 2002, the entertainment website Rediff.com reported that Honey Irani would make her debut as the director of a then-untitled film. Having written stories and screenplays for many films, she said she had long aspired for a project she could direct. She wanted to feel how directors executed their ideas by themselves with no intervention from others. She spoke of her experiment with her first self-directed film: "It is a great feeling to create a film from the story you have written. It is all about words taking shape in the form of visuals. I just love it ... it is wonderful. I am enjoying it immensely." According to Irani, she had planned to work on a medical drama—which was later titled Armaan ()—to explore peoples' innermost desires and relationships. Iran wrote the screenplay with her ex-husband and then-close friend Javed Akhtar, who also wrote the film's dialogues and lyrics, and completed it later that year in September.
Irani's daughter, Zoya Akhtar, handled the casting for Armaan. When the screenplay was finished, it was announced that Bachchan, Anil Kapoor, Singh, Zinta, and Randhir Kapoor had been chosen for the leads. This marked the first time Amitabh Bachchan and Anil Kapoor had been in a film with a female director. Playing the role of a doctor for the first time, Anil Kapoor admitted the film had given him chances to do many things. Bachchan, the first actor Irani wanted to cast since the film was conceived, played his father; it is also the first film to feature Anil Kapoor and Bachchan in a scene together. In an interview with journalist Subhash K. Jha of Rediff.com, she confessed it was her dream to work with Bachchan—who immediately agreed after she had offered him the part—adding it was modelled after his personality. Bachchan himself has spoken of his excitement after learning the venture was to be directed by a woman. It was originally intended that Tabu would play the role of Dr. Neha Mathur. But Irani later replaced her with Gracy Singh, whose performance in the sports film Lagaan (2001) attracted Irani to meet her and offer her the role. Irani believed that Singh's role as a doctor made her less glamorous.
Preity Zinta plays Sonia, the first time she has played an antagonist. Describing herself as an honest and outspoken person, Zinta liked the role, particularly for its "insane" character, because it allowed her to "vent ... all [of her] frustrations". Calling it the best role of her acting career, she commented: "If Sonia didn't like something, she would show it in a sneaky way. I loved the freedom of saying anything I wanted to and not worrying about what the other person would think." In an interview published by Filmfare in their September 2003 issue, talking about her acting career and on-screen image, Zinta added she took part solely to put an end to her "cute-and-bubbly" image, which she disliked. Before it was offered to her, several actresses were asked to take the part, including Tabu, Rani Mukerji, and Aishwarya Rai. Randhir Kapoor played Zinta's father, the businessman Gulshan. This was his first feature since Mother (1999) was released. Hrithik Roshan was reported to make a cameo appearance.
Irani revealed her colleagues called her a "trendsetter" as she was the first female director at the time to direct a big-budget Bollywood film; the total production cost of Armaan was . Ravi Varman worked as the cinematographer, while Yunnus Pathan and Kiran Khanna completed the production design. As the film's main set is a hospital, soft contrast and diffused lighting were required. The choreographers were Farah Khan, Geeta Kapoor, and Saroj Khan, and Kaushal–Moses handled the action direction. The film was shot in Mumbai, Mussoorie, Mauritius, and Sun City in 82 to 92 days. After filming ended in late 2002, Shirish Kunder edited the film, using sync sound; Raju Singh composed its background score. Dinesh Gandhi of Aarti Enterprises produced the film, which was distributed by Eros Entertainment.
Soundtrack
The trio of Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy composed Armaans soundtrack, with lyrics written by Akhtar. Bachchan, Udit Narayan, Mahalakshmi Iyer, Shankar Mahadevan, Alka Yagnik, Shaan, K. S. Chithra, Sonu Nigam, Sunidhi Chauhan, Shreya Ghoshal, and Roop Kumar Rathod performed the vocals. The T-Series label released it on 22 March 2003.
The soundtrack album garnered positive responses from critics. Writing for the entertainment portal Bollywood Hungama, Joginder Tuteja called it "a class product" that "strikes a chord with everyone alike". The Hindu believed that Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy had composed an "uplifting" soundtrack. Lalitha Suhasini of The Indian Express declared it one of the greatest albums of the year. Planet Bollywood's Rakesh Budhu added, "For Armaan, Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy have shown us why their talent is worth our attention and how they are different from other great composers, like A. R. Rahman."
Marketing and release
Armaan was one of the most anticipated Indian films of the year, owing to the advertising describing it as the first film directed by Irani, known as an established screenwriter. This resulted in increased enthusiasm by moviegoers to see the film. However, talking to journalist Suchitra Behal of The Hindu, Irani said she had low expectations for the film and spoke of her nervousness over its commercial performance. As part of the promotion, an official website was launched at a press conference held in Mumbai in April 2003. In an article on Rediff.com, Subhash K. Jha wrote that people's word-of-mouth described the film as a thanda () film.
Armaan premiered on 16 May 2003 and was screened at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival the following day. It was released on 195 screens across India and grossed on the first day, which Filmfare magazine thought was poor. By the end of its first week, the film had collected . In the second week of its overseas run, Armaan had earned $296,702 and $691,121 in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively. According to Box Office India, it collected a total gross of worldwide and was declared a commercial failure. The film remains as Irani's only directorial project; she is continuing her work as a screenwriter.
Armaan was subsequently released on DVD on 30 June as a single-disc pack in the NTSC widescreen format. Since 2 May 2016, it has been available for streaming on Amazon Prime Video.
Reception
Critical response
Upon its release Armaan met with a mixed critical reception. The cast's performances (mostly those of Bachchan and Zinta) were praised lavishly. Critics, however, panned Irani's direction and the film's slow pace and the plot's lack of freshness. Sanjeev Singh Bariana of The Tribune was impressed by its technical detail and commended Zinta for having "outclassed everyone". In his review, Komal Nahta noted the resemblance between the film and the 2002 television series Sanjivani, in which the main set is also a hospital. Khalid Mohamed, writing for Mid-Day, noted Irani's sincerity but was critical of the outcome. He did, however, praise Bachchan as "faultless" and call Zinta "the peppy scene-stealer, achieving her manic mood swings dexterously". Similar views were expressed by Vinayak Chakravorty from Hindustan Times; he concluded in his review that there was "nothing to write home about in this film" except for Zinta's performance, which he felt "takes over the script and, indeed, the film, unleashing a brilliant act as the deceptively bubbly but manipulative wife". Dinesh Raheja referred to Zinta as the film's main attraction and had a positive opinion of Anil Kapoor and Randhir Kapoor as well, explaining their performance would lead the viewer to make "a connection between good acting and the Kapoor surname".
Screen Deven Sharma described Armaan as "a truthful depiction of a professional's integrity to his calling and to himself, and despite the somewhat slow pace, manages to tug at your heart". He wrote of the cast, "The four principal actors have risen above their roles and have given splendid performances." Ziya Us Salam of The Hindu observed of Hirani's direction: "Her ways have to be admired, her lines good enough to bear repetition, her sensitivity worthy of emulation. However, let's refrain from too much adulation as her debut venture Armaan has its bleak moments too, just as it has its sunny ones." He further praised Singh's "poised, pleasant" acting and Zinta for her "verve and vivacity" as a "blundering, scheming spoilt child who marries innocence with guile", hailing her performance as "just about perfect". Sify called the film "an entertainer" which is "pleasing to the eye" with a good storyline. The reviewer praised Irani for having "brought out some of the best moments in Amitabh Bachchan's and Anil Kapoor's career", and took note of Zinta's screen presence, commending her for proving "she is one among those actresses who can combine good looks with histrionics".
Jitesh Pillai of The Times of India was ambivalent about Armaan; he criticised its "crippling pace", but appreciated the credibility of the script, the cinematography, and the actors, calling Bachchan "brilliant", Kapoor "first-rate" and commending Singh for bringing dignity to her underdeveloped role and Zinta for adding "vim, vigour and sparkles with comic timing" to her part. Rediff.com's critic Deepa Gumaste was highly critical of the film, disliking the performances and finding the overall product to be "way off the mark". Giving the film two stars, Namrata Joshi of Outlook found it disappointing and after comparing it to the 1960 film Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai, said that Armaan only repeats the story but with a different ending. Taran Adarsh from Bollywood Hungama praised the acting while concluding the film "leaves a lot to be desired. The content ... does not match the heavy star cast, which in turn will tell on its business." Another review for Mid Day, by Narendra Kusnur, wrote the film off as extremely slow but liked the actors' performances.
Manish Gajjar of the BBC applauded Irani for revisiting "the same formula ... [adding] freshness and zest", further praising Kapoor for delivering "his best" performance, Zinta for her "superb acting" and Bachchan for "outstanding performance". Derek Elley of Variety declared Bachchan the film's headline, but believed his performance was largely overshadowed by the other leads, adding, "Bollywood watchers should keep an eye out for this well-scripted item." He singled out Zinta's colourful performance noting, "though playing an archetypal bad sort, manages to make the self-obsessed Soniya an almost sympathetic character through the sheer vivaciousness of her part-child, part-vamp playing". Deepa Gahlot wrote, "Anil Kapoor is earnest as always, but looks jaded. Preity Zinta in an awful 'Cleopatra' get-up is irritatingly twittery, and Gracy Singh totally bland." She was disappointed by the casting of Bachchan in what she described as "an insignificant role, [which] getting rid of him and then making him walk around as a ghost." In a review in Stardust magazine, the editor Ram Kamal Mukherjee felt the entire film was "predictable and boring at times", attributing this to the screenplay and Irani's direction.
Accolades
References
External links
Official website
2000s Hindi-language films
2003 drama films
2003 films
Films scored by Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy
Films shot in Mussoorie
Hindi-language drama films
Indian drama films
Medical-themed films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armaan%20%282003%20film%29 |
The overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom was a coup d'état against Queen Liliʻuokalani, which took place on January 17, 1893, on the island of Oahu and led by the Committee of Safety, composed of seven foreign residents and six Hawaiian Kingdom subjects of American descent in Honolulu. The Committee prevailed upon American minister John L. Stevens to call in the U.S. Marines to protect the national interest of the United States of America. The insurgents established the Republic of Hawaii, but their ultimate goal was the annexation of the islands to the United States, which occurred in 1898.
The 1993 Apology Resolution by the U.S. Congress concedes that "the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii occurred with the active participation of agents and citizens of the United States and [...] the Native Hawaiian people never directly relinquished to the United States their claims to their inherent sovereignty as a people over their national lands, either through the Kingdom of Hawaii or through a plebiscite or referendum". Debates regarding the event play an important role in the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.
Background
The Kamehameha Dynasty was the reigning monarchy of the Hawaiian Kingdom, beginning with its founding by Kamehameha I in 1795, until the death of Kamehameha V in 1872 and Lunalilo in 1874. On July 6, 1846, U.S. Secretary of State John C. Calhoun, on behalf of President Tyler, formally recognized Hawaii's independence under the reign of Kamehameha III. As a result of the recognition of Hawaiian independence, the Hawaiian Kingdom entered into treaties with the major nations of the world and established over ninety legations and consulates in multiple seaports and cities. The kingdom would continue for another 21 years until its overthrow in 1893 with the fall of the House of Kalākaua.
Sugar reciprocity
Sugar had been a major export from Hawaii since Captain James Cook arrived in 1778. The first permanent plantation in the islands was on Kauai in 1835. William Hooper leased 980 acres (4 km2) of land from Kamehameha III and began growing sugar cane. Within thirty years there would be plantations on four of the main islands. Sugar had completely altered Hawaii's economy.
The influence of the United States in Hawaiian government began with American-born plantation owners advocating for fair representation in the Kingdom's politics, owing to the significant tax contributions made from the plantations to both the Royal family and national economy. This was driven by missionary religion and the economics of the sugar industry. Pressure from these foreign-born politicians was being felt by the King and chiefs with demands of land tenure. The 1839 Hawaiian Bill of Rights, also known as the 1839 Constitution of Hawaii, was an attempt by Kamehameha III and his chiefs to guarantee that the Hawaiian people would not lose their tenured land, and provided the groundwork for a free enterprise system. After a five-month occupation by George Paulet in 1843, Kamehameha III relented to the foreign advisors to private land demands with the Great Māhele, distributing the lands as pushed on heavily by the missionaries, including Gerrit P. Judd. During the 1850s, the U.S. import tariff on sugar from Hawaii was much higher than the import tariffs Hawaiians were charging the U.S., and Kamehameha III sought reciprocity. The monarch wished to lower the tariffs being paid out to the U.S. while still maintaining the Kingdom's sovereignty and making Hawaiian sugar competitive with other foreign markets. In 1854 Kamehameha III proposed a policy of reciprocity between the countries but the proposal died in the U.S. Senate.
As early as 1873, a United States military commission recommended attempting to obtain Ford Island in exchange for the tax-free importation of sugar to the U.S. Major General John Schofield, U.S. commander of the military division of the Pacific, and Brevet Brigadier General Burton S. Alexander arrived in Hawaii to ascertain its defensive capabilities. United States control of Hawaii was considered vital for the defense of the west coast of the United States, and they were especially interested in Pu'uloa, Pearl Harbor. The sale of one of Hawaii's harbors was proposed by Charles Reed Bishop, a foreigner who had married into the Kamehameha family, had risen in the government to be Hawaiian Minister of Foreign Affairs, and owned a country home near Pu'uloa. He showed the two U.S. officers around the lochs, although his wife, Bernice Pauahi Bishop, privately disapproved of selling Hawaiian lands. As monarch, William Charles Lunalilo, was content to let Bishop run almost all business affairs but the ceding of lands would become unpopular with the native Hawaiians. Many islanders thought that all the islands, rather than just Pearl Harbor, might be lost and opposed any cession of land. By November 1873, Lunalilo canceled negotiations and returned to drinking, against his doctor's advice; his health declined swiftly, and he died on February 3, 1874.
Lunalilo left no heirs. The legislature was empowered by the constitution to elect the monarch in these instances and chose David Kalākaua as the next monarch. The new ruler was pressured by the U.S. government to surrender Pearl Harbor to the Navy. Kalākaua was concerned that this would lead to annexation by the U.S. and to the contravention of the traditions of the Hawaiian people, who believed that the land ('Āina) was fertile, sacred, and not for sale to anyone. In 1874 through 1875, Kalākaua traveled to the United States for a state visit to Washington, DC to help gain support for a new treaty. Congress agreed to the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 for seven years in exchange for Ford Island. After the treaty, sugar production expanded from of farm land to in 1891. At the end of the seven-year reciprocity agreement, the United States showed little interest in renewal.
Rebellion of 1887 and the Bayonet Constitution
On January 20, 1887, the United States began leasing Pearl Harbor. Shortly afterwards, a group of mostly non-Hawaiians calling themselves the Hawaiian Patriotic League began the Rebellion of 1887. They drafted their own constitution on July 6, 1887. The new constitution was written by Lorrin Thurston, the Hawaiian Minister of the Interior who used the Hawaiian militia as threat against Kalākaua. Kalākaua was forced under threat of assassination to dismiss his cabinet ministers and sign a new constitution which greatly lessened his power. It would become known as the "Bayonet Constitution" because of the threat of force used.
The Bayonet Constitution allowed the monarch to appoint cabinet ministers, but had stripped him of the power to dismiss them without approval from the Legislature. Eligibility to vote for the House of Nobles was also altered, stipulating that both candidates and voters were now required to own property valuing at least three thousand dollars, or have an annual income of no less than six hundred dollars. This resulted in disenfranchising two-thirds of the native Hawaiians as well as other ethnic groups who had previously held the right to vote but were no longer able to meet the new voting requirements. This new constitution benefited the white, foreign plantation owners. With the legislature now responsible for naturalizing citizens, Americans and Europeans could retain their home country citizenship and vote as citizens of the kingdom. Along with voting privileges, Americans could now run for office and still retain their United States citizenship, something not afforded in any other nation of the world and even allowed Americans to vote without becoming naturalized. Asian immigrants were completely shut out and were no longer able to acquire citizenship or vote at all.
At the time of the Bayonet Constitution Grover Cleveland was president, and his secretary of state Thomas F. Bayard sent written instructions to the American minister George W. Merrill that in the event of another revolution in Hawaii, it was a priority to protect American commerce, lives and property. Bayard specified, "the assistance of the officers of our Government vessels, if found necessary, will therefore be promptly afforded to promote the reign of law and respect for orderly government in Hawaii." In July 1889, there was a small scale rebellion, and Minister Merrill landed Marines to protect Americans; the State Department explicitly approved his action. Merrill's replacement, minister John L. Stevens, read those official instructions, and followed them in his controversial actions of 1893.
Wilcox Rebellion of 1888
The Wilcox Rebellion of 1888 was a plot to overthrow King David Kalākaua, king of Hawaii, and replace him with his sister in a coup d'état in response to increased political tension between the legislature and the king after the 1887 constitution. Kalākaua's sister, Princess Liliʻuokalani and his wife, Queen Kapiolani, returned from Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee immediately after news reached them in Great Britain.
In October 1887, Robert William Wilcox, a native Hawaiian officer and veteran of the Italian military, returned to Hawaii. The funding had stopped for his study program when the new constitution was signed. They had 300 Hawaiian conspirators hidden in ʻIolani Barracks and an alliance with the Royal Guard, but the plot was accidentally discovered in January 1888, less than 48 hours before the revolt would have been initiated. No one was prosecuted but Wilcox was exiled. So on February 11, 1888, Wilcox left Hawaii for San Francisco, intending to return to Italy with his wife.
Princess Liliʻuokalani was offered the throne several times by the Missionary Party who had forced the Bayonet Constitution on her brother, but she believed she would become a powerless figurehead like her brother and rejected the offers outright.
Liliʻuokalani attempts to re-write Constitution
In November 1889, Kalākaua traveled to San Francisco for his health, staying at the Palace Hotel. He died there on January 20, 1891. His sister Liliʻuokalani assumed the throne in the middle of an economic crisis. The McKinley Act had crippled the Hawaiian sugar industry by removing the duties on sugar imports from other countries into the US, eliminating the previous Hawaiian advantage gained via the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875. Many Hawaii businesses and citizens felt pressure from the loss of revenue; in response Liliʻuokalani proposed a lottery system to raise money for her government. Also proposed was a controversial opium licensing bill. Her ministers, and closest friends, were all opposed to this plan; they unsuccessfully tried to dissuade her from pursuing these initiatives, both of which came to be used against her in the brewing constitutional crisis.
Liliʻuokalani's chief desire was to restore power to the monarch by abrogating the 1887 Bayonet Constitution and promulgating a new one, an idea that seems to have been broadly supported by the Hawaiian population. The 1893 Constitution would have increased suffrage by reducing some property requirements, and eliminated the voting privileges extended to European and American residents. It would have disenfranchised many resident European and American businessmen who were not citizens of Hawaii. The Queen toured several of the islands on horseback, talking to the people about her ideas and receiving overwhelming support, including a lengthy petition in support of a new constitution. However, when the Queen informed her cabinet of her plans, they withheld their support due to an understanding of what her opponents' likely response to these plans would be.
Though there were threats to Hawaii's sovereignty throughout the Kingdom's history, it was not until the signing of the Bayonet Constitution in 1887 that this threat began to be realized. The precipitating event leading to the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom on January 17, 1893, was the attempt by Queen Liliʻuokalani to promulgate a new constitution that would have strengthened the power of the monarch relative to the legislature, where Euro-American business elites held disproportionate power. The stated goals of the conspirators, who were non-native Hawaiian Kingdom subjects (five United States nationals, one English national, and one German national) were to depose the queen, overthrow the monarchy, and seek Hawaii's annexation to the United States.
1893 Hawaiian coup d'état and overthrow of the kingdom
The overthrow of the monarchy was started by newspaper publisher Lorrin Thurston, a Hawaiian subject and former Minister of the Interior who was the grandson of American missionaries, and formally led by the Chairman of the Committee of Safety, Henry E. Cooper, an American lawyer. They derived their support primarily from the American and European business class residing in Hawaii and other supporters of the Reform Party of the Hawaiian Kingdom. Most of the leaders of the Committee of Safety that deposed the queen were United States and European citizens who were also Kingdom subjects. They included legislators, government officers, and a Supreme Court Justice of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
On January 16, the Marshal of the Kingdom, Charles B. Wilson, was tipped off by detectives to the imminent planned overthrow. Wilson requested warrants to arrest the 13-member council of the Committee of Safety, and put the Kingdom under martial law. Because the members had strong political ties with United States Government Minister John L. Stevens, the requests were repeatedly denied by Attorney General Arthur P. Peterson and the Queen's cabinet, fearing if approved, the arrests would escalate the situation. After a failed negotiation with Thurston, Wilson began to collect his men for the confrontation. Wilson and Captain of the Royal Household Guard, Samuel Nowlein, had rallied a force of 496 men who were kept at hand to protect the Queen.
The events began on January 17, 1893, when John Good, a revolutionist, shot Leialoha, a native policeman who was trying to stop a wagon carrying weapons to the Committee of Safety led by Lorrin Thurston. The Committee of Safety feared the shooting would bring government forces to rout out the conspirators and stop the overthrow before it could begin. The Committee of Safety initiated the overthrow by organizing armed non-native men, under their leadership, intending to depose Queen Liliʻuokalani. The forces garrisoned Ali'iolani Hale across the street from ʻIolani Palace and waited for the Queen's response.
As these events were unfolding, the Committee of Safety expressed concern for the safety and property of American residents in Honolulu.
On January 17, 1893, the Chairman of the Committee of Safety, Henry E. Cooper, addressed a crowd assembled in front of ʻIolani Palace (the official royal residence) and read aloud a proclamation that formally deposed Queen Liliʻuokalani, abolished the Hawaiian monarchy, and established a Provisional Government of Hawaii under President Sanford B. Dole.
United States involvement
President Harrison's Secretary of State John W. Foster from June 1892 to February 1893 actively worked for the annexation of the independent Republic of Hawaii. Pro-American business interests had overthrown the Queen when she rejected constitutional limits on her powers. The new government realized that Hawaii was too small and militarily weak to survive in a world of aggressive imperialism, especially on the part of Japan. It was eager for American annexation. Foster believed Hawaii was vital to American interests in the Pacific.
The annexation program was coordinated by the chief American diplomat on the scene, John L. Stevens. He decided to send in a U.S. military detachment after the Queen was deposed to support the new government and prevent a vacuum that might open the way for Japan. Advised about supposed threats to non-combatant American lives and property by the Committee of Safety, Stevens obliged their request and summoned 162 U.S. sailors and Marines from the USS Boston to land on Oahu under orders of neutrality and take up positions at the U.S. Legation, Consulate, and Arion Hall on the afternoon of January 16, 1893.
The deposed Queen was kept in ʻIolani Palace under house arrest. The American sailors and Marines did not enter the Palace grounds or take over any buildings, and never fired a shot, but their presence served effectively. The Queen never had an army, the local police did not support her, and no one mobilized any pro-royalist forces. Historian William Russ states, "the injunction to prevent fighting of any kind made it impossible for the monarchy to protect itself." Due to the Queen's desire "to avoid any collision of armed forces, and perhaps the loss of life" for her subjects and after some deliberation, at the urging of advisers and friends, the Queen ordered her forces to surrender. The Honolulu Rifles took over government buildings, disarmed the Royal Guard, and declared a provisional government.
According to the Queen's Book, her friend and minister J.S. Walker "came and told me that he had come on a painful duty, that the opposition party had requested that I should abdicate." After consulting with her ministers, including Walker, the Queen concluded that "since the troops of the United States had been landed to support the revolutionists, by the order of the American minister, it would be impossible for us to make any resistance." Despite repeated claims that the overthrow was "bloodless", the Queen's Book notes that Liliʻuokalani received "friends [who] expressed their sympathy in person; amongst these Mrs. J. S. Walker, who had lost her husband by the treatment he received from the hands of the insurgents. He was one of many who from persecution had succumbed to death."
Immediate annexation was prevented by President Grover Cleveland who told Congress:
... the military demonstration upon the soil of Honolulu was of itself an act of war; unless made either with the consent of the government of Hawaii or for the bona fide purpose of protecting the imperiled lives and property of citizens of the United States. But there is no pretense of any such consent on the part of the government of the queen ... the existing government, instead of requesting the presence of an armed force, protested against it. There is as little basis for the pretense that forces were landed for the security of American life and property. If so, they would have been stationed in the vicinity of such property and so as to protect it, instead of at a distance and so as to command the Hawaiian Government Building and palace ... When these armed men were landed, the city of Honolulu was in its customary orderly and peaceful condition ...
The Republic of Hawaii was nonetheless declared in 1894 by the same parties which had established the provisional government. Among them was Lorrin A. Thurston, a drafter of the Bayonet Constitution. The Committee of Safety asked Sanford Dole to become President of the forcibly instated Republic. He agreed, and became president on July 4, 1894.
Aftermath
A provisional government was set up with the strong support of the Honolulu Rifles, a militia group which had defended the system of government promulgated by the Bayonet Constitution against the Wilcox rebellion of 1889.
The Queen's statement yielding authority, on January 17, 1893, protested against the overthrow:
On December 19, 1898, the queen would amend the declaration with the "Memorial of Queen Liliuokalani in relation to the Crown lands of Hawaii", further protesting the overthrow and loss of property.
Response
United States
Newly inaugurated President Grover Cleveland called for an investigation into the overthrow. This investigation was conducted by former Congressman James Henderson Blount. Blount concluded in his report on July 17, 1893, "United States diplomatic and military representatives had abused their authority and were responsible for the change in government." Minister Stevens was recalled, and the military commander of forces in Hawaiʻi was forced to resign his commission. President Cleveland stated, "Substantial wrong has thus been done which a due regard for our national character as well as the rights of the injured people requires we should endeavor to repair the monarchy." Cleveland further stated in his 1893 State of the Union Address that, "Upon the facts developed it seemed to me the only honorable course for our Government to pursue was to undo the wrong that had been done by those representing us and to restore as far as practicable the status existing at the time of our forcible intervention." The matter was referred by Cleveland to Congress on December 18, 1893, after the Queen refused to accept amnesty for the traitors as a condition of reinstatement.
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee, chaired by Senator John Tyler Morgan (D-Alabama) and composed mostly of senators in favor of annexation, initiated their own investigation to discredit Blount's earlier report, using pro-annexationist affidavits from Hawaii, and testimony provided to the U.S. Senate in Washington, D.C. The Morgan Report contradicted the Blount Report, and exonerated Minister Stevens and the U.S. military troops finding them "not guilty" of involvement in the overthrow. Cleveland became stalled with his earlier efforts to restore the queen and adopted a position of recognition of the so-called Provisional Government and the Republic of Hawaii which followed.
The Native Hawaiian Study Commission of the United States Congress in its 1983 final report found no historical, legal, or moral obligation for the U.S. government to provide reparations, assistance, or group rights to Native Hawaiians.
In 1993, the 100th anniversary of the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, Congress passed a resolution, which President Bill Clinton signed into law, offering an apology to Native Hawaiians on behalf of the United States for its involvement in the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom. The law is known as the Apology Resolution, and represents one of the few times that the United States government has formally apologized for its actions.
International
Every government with a diplomatic presence in Hawaii, except for the United Kingdom, recognized the Provisional Government within 48 hours of the overthrow via their consulates. Countries recognizing the new Provisional Government included Chile, Austria-Hungary, Mexico, Russia, the Netherlands, Imperial Germany, Sweden, Spain, Imperial Japan, Italy, Portugal, Denmark, Belgium, China, Peru, and France. When the Republic of Hawaii was declared on July 4, 1894, immediate de facto recognition was given by every nation with diplomatic relations with Hawaii, except for Britain, whose response came in November 1894.
Hawaiian counter-revolution
A four-day uprising between January 6–9, 1895, began with an attempted coup d'état to restore the monarchy, and included battles between royalists and the republican rebels. Later, after a weapons cache was found on the palace grounds after the attempted rebellion in 1895, Queen Lili'uokalani was placed under arrest, tried by a military tribunal of the Republic of Hawaiʻi, convicted of misprision of treason and imprisoned in her own home. On January 24, Lili'uokalani abdicated, formally ending the Hawaiian monarchy.
Republic, United States annexation, United States Territory
The Committee of Safety declared Sanford Dole President of the new Provisional Government of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi on January 17, 1893, only removing the queen, her cabinet, and her marshal from office. On July 4, 1894, the Republic of Hawaiʻi was proclaimed. Dole was president of both governments. As a republic, it was the government's intention to campaign for Hawaii's annexation to the United States. The rationale behind the annexation of Hawaii included a strong economic component—Hawaiian goods and services which were exported to the mainland would not be subjected to United States tariffs, and the United States and Hawaii would both benefit from each other's domestic bounties, if Hawaii was part of the United States.
In 1897, William McKinley succeeded Cleveland as United States president. In his first year in office, the U.S. Senate failed twice to ratify a Treaty to Annex the Hawaiian Islands. A year later, he signed the Newlands Resolution, which stated that the annexation of Hawaii would occur on July 7, 1898. The formal ceremony which marked the annexation of Hawaii to the United States was held at the Iolani Palace on August 12, 1898. Almost no Native Hawaiians attended the annexation ceremony, and those few Hawaiians who were on the streets wore royalist ilima blossoms in their hats or hair, and on their breasts, they wore Hawaiian flags which were emblazoned with the motto: Kuu Hae Aloha ('my beloved flag'). Most of the 40,000 Native Hawaiians, including Lili'uokalani and the Hawaiian royal family, protested against the action by shuttering themselves in their homes. "When the news of the Annexation came, it was bitterer than death to me", Lili'uokalani's niece, Princess Kaʻiulani, told the San Francisco Chronicle. "It was bad enough to lose the throne, but it was infinitely worse to have the flag go down." The Hawaiian flag was lowered for the last time while the Royal Hawaiian Band played the Hawaiian national anthem, Hawaiʻi Ponoʻī.
The Hawaiian Islands, together with the distant Palmyra Island and the Stewart Islands, became the Territory of Hawaii, a United States organized incorporated territory, with a new government which was established on February 22, 1900. Sanford Dole was appointed the territory's first governor. The Iolani Palace served as the capitol building of the Hawaiian government until 1969.
See also
Aliʻi
Democratic Revolution of 1954
Hawaii – historical novel by James Michener has fictionalized account of the Overthrow in Chapter IV "From the Starving Village"
Hawaiian home land
Hawaiian sovereignty movement
Hawaiian Kingdom–United States relations
Kalākaua Dynasty
Legal Status of Hawaii
List of bilateral treaties signed by the Hawaiian Kingdom
Paulet Affair
Unfamiliar Fishes by Sarah Vowell
United States involvement in regime change
Notes
References
Sources
External links
morganreport.org Online images and transcriptions of the entire 1894 Morgan Report
United States Marine Corps in the 18th and 19th centuries
1890s coups d'état and coup attempts
1893 in Hawaii
Conflicts in 1893
Battles and conflicts without fatalities
January 1893 events
United States involvement in regime change | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overthrow%20of%20the%20Hawaiian%20Kingdom |
Plague Angel is the ninth studio album by Swedish black metal band Marduk. It was recorded and mixed at Endarker Studio in September 2004 and released that November by Regain Records. Plague Angel is the first Marduk album to feature Mortuus on vocals and Magnus "Devo" Andersson, ex-guitarist for Marduk following his departure in 1994, on bass and mixing. This album marked a definitive shift in Marduk's lyrical approach. Instead of overt Satanism, much of the lyrics take a more religious-like direction. This is due to Morgan and Mortuus' fascination with the Bible, as they both admit to being Bible experts (despite Marduk's anti-religious stance, Morgan has admitted that he uses the Bible as inspiration solely for its violent content, as he finds death and violence to be most inspirational for Marduk, and that he can "write a complete song mentally by just looking at a violent painting or image"). "The Hangman of Prague" refers to Reinhard Heydrich after the invasion of Czechoslovakia.
Track listing
Credits
Marduk
Marduk - songwriting
Mortuus – vocals
Evil (Patrik Niclas Morgan Håkansson) – guitar
Devo (Dan Everth Magnus Andersson) – bass; mixing
Emil Dragutinovic – drums
Personnel on Deathmarch
Arditi - co-songwriting, performers
Layout
Ketoladog
References
2004 albums
Marduk (band) albums
Regain Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague%20Angel |
IBAN or Iban or Ibán may refer to:
Banking
International Bank Account Number
Ethnology
Iban culture
Iban language
Iban people
Given name
Cycling
Iban Iriondo (born 1984)
Iban Mayo (born 1977)
Iban Mayoz (born 1981)
Football
Ibán Espadas (born 1978)
Ibán Parra (born 1977)
Iban Zubiaurre (born 1983)
Playing name of Iván Salvador (born 1995)
Volleyball
Ibán Pérez (born 1983)
See also
Ban number
Language and nationality disambiguation pages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iban |
Safe conduct, safe passage, or letters of transit, is the situation in time of international conflict or war where one state, a party to such conflict, issues to a person (usually an enemy state's subject) a pass or document to allow the enemy alien to traverse its territory without harassment, bodily harm, or fear of death. Safe conduct is only granted in exceptional circumstances. It may be given to an enemy to allow retreat under surrender terms, or for a meeting to negotiate; to a stateless person; or to somebody who for some reason would normally not be able to pass. A vanquished enemy can also be given, or offered quarter, i.e. be spared, be promised or guaranteed mercy.
The term 'safe conduct' is also used to mean the document authorizing this security.
In Islamic law, safe conduct or pledge of safety (amān) can be granted to foreigners or dhimmi residents (musta'min) while they travel or reside in Islamic-ruled lands.
In the early Middle Ages, during some periods of Islamic control of the Holy Land, Christian pilgrims could request letters of safe conduct from a Muslim ruler allowing them to pass through their lands to Jerusalem. An example of safe conduct in the 13th century was William Wallace's possession of letters of safe conduct, which was granted to him and his army by a number of parties during the Wars of Scottish Independence. Another example of safe conduct in the 20th century was Lenin's "sealed train": a citizen of Russia, a country at war with Germany, Lenin was permitted to travel from his exile in Switzerland through Germany, without stopping, to return to Russia. It was in Germany's interest to allow this, for it was hoped that he would destabilize Russia. Another example would be the Chieu Hoi program during the Vietnam War.
References
Law of war | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safe%20conduct |
The St. George Illawarra Dragons are an Australian professional rugby league football club, representing both the Illawarra and St George regions of New South Wales. The club has competed in the National Rugby League (NRL) since 1999 after a joint-venture was formed between the St. George Dragons (est. 1921) and the Illawarra Steelers (est. 1982). The club officially formed as the game's first joint-venture club on 23 September 1998 and remains the only inter-city team in the NRL. The team has its headquarters and leagues clubs in both Wollongong and the Sydney suburb of Kogarah, and trains and plays games regularly at WIN Stadium in Wollongong, as well as at Jubilee Oval in Kogarah. From 1999 to 2006 the club was jointly owned by the St. George Dragons 50% and Illawarra Steelers 50%. In 2006 WIN Corporation purchased 50% of the Illawarra Steelers stake in the club before purchasing the rest of the Illawarra Steelers' share in August 2018.
The Dragons reached the grand final in their first season in 1999, losing to the Melbourne Storm. St. George Illawarra is one of only two clubs (the other being the Sydney Roosters in 1908) to finish runner-up in its inaugural season. St. George Illawarra also fields teams in local competitions within the St. George and Illawarra regions. In 2010, the Dragons won their second successive minor premiership and became the first team to be awarded the J. J. Giltinan Shield in consecutive years since the National Rugby League was formed in 1998.
The Dragons won the 2010 NRL Grand Final against the Sydney Roosters 32–8 at Stadium Australia, Sydney. They then won the 2011 World Club Challenge, defeating the Wigan Warriors 21–15 at DW Stadium in the UK. With its World Club Challenge victory, the club became the first Australian team since the Brisbane Broncos in 1992–3 to win the minor premiership, premiership and World Club Challenge simultaneously.
History
In the wake of the Super League war of the mid-1990s, and the resulting split competition of 1997, the Illawarra Steelers found themselves struggling financially and seemed unlikely to survive past 1999. The St. George Dragons largely financed a proposal for a joint venture which would see the St George Illawarra Dragons playing in both Kogarah and Wollongong. Essentially, St George would provide the money while Illawarra would provide a broader junior and fan base. With the NRL's intention to rationalise the competition from 20 teams down to 14 teams and with a $4M incentive and a relaxing of salary cap requirements for a joint venture, the Dragons and the Steelers ensured their survival by forming the League's first joint venture on 23 September 1998.
David Waite and Andrew Farrar (1999–2002)
A joint venture entity being a new concept in Australian rugby league, the public watched closely in anticipation of success or failure. No-one was certain how the top players sourced from the two clubs would perform when they ran out onto the field. They were unsuccessful in their first outing, losing to the Parramatta Eels 20–10, but by the 4th round they had started to form some cohesion and would go on to achieve a top eight position on the competition ladder by the end of the regular season. In the semi-finals the Dragons won against the Melbourne Storm at Olympic Park, before returning to Sydney to dispose of the Sydney Roosters and the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks to reach the Grand Final.
In the 1999 Grand Final, the club were leading by 14–0 at the break in front of a world record crowd of 107,999. A fairytale of a title in their first year as a joint venture seemed destined to come true; something of an advertisement to any other clubs considering the option of a joint venture, but Melbourne recovered from their poor start and went into the final minutes of the game with St. George Illawarra leading by 18–12. The Dragons were forced to perform a drop kick from their own goal line, and on the fifth tackle Brett Kimmorley kicked high towards St. George Illawarra's corner of the field. As Melbourne's winger Craig Smith caught the ball over the goal-line he was knocked unconscious in a tackle by Jamie Ainscough and lost the ball. Referee Bill Harrigan deferred to the video referee who ruled a penalty try on the grounds that contact had been made with the head, giving Melbourne a 20–18 lead and the premiership title.
In the 2000 NRL season though they had a rough start, and in Round 5, St. George Illawarra recorded their worst defeat for the club, losing 70–10 against the Melbourne Storm. This was the first game these two teams played against each other since the 1999 grand final, and was played at the MCG. On 3 May to the surprise and shock of fans and club officials, Anthony Mundine announced his retirement from the club and rugby league in general with immediate effect to pursue a career in boxing. The Dragons were not going well in the first half of the 2000 season, and the main coach David Waite was replaced with assistant coach, Andrew Farrar. Soon after the replacement of coaches, St. George Illawarra recorded their best ever win. They defeated the New Zealand Warriors 54–0 in round 14 at WIN Stadium, with debutant Amos Roberts scoring a record 22 points (one try and nine goals) for any first grade player on debut. St. George Illawarra, however, missed out of the finals series, and came 9th. Despite their poor season, Trent Barrett was awarded with the Dally M Medal.
Nathan Brown (2003–2008)
In 2003, Nathan Brown, the joint venture's first number 9 achieved the position of coach, becoming the youngest non-playing coach in premiership history at the age of 29. St. George Illawarra finished the season 10th. Nathan Brown was also involved in a sideline incident when he had slapped Trent Barrett in Wollongong during a game against Manly, and was issued a $5000 fine.
2004 saw the final season of the try scoring talent Nathan Blacklock. An extraordinary scoreline was seen in the round 25 clash with Manly. Trailing 34–10 after 53 minutes the club came back to win the match 36–34. This was the second biggest comeback in Australian Rugby League history. Finishing 5th, the club were eliminated in the first round of the finals after losing in a thrilling game 30–31 to 4th placed Penrith.
In 2005, after their worst start to a season yet (losing 5 of their first 6 games), the St. George Illawarra side finished second in a close season on the ladder at completion of the 2005 NRL season, just behind minor premiers the Parramatta Eels on points difference. After progressing to the finals they defeated local rivals the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks 28–22 in the quarter-final of the finals series though the Dragons eventually fell 12–20 to eventual champions the Wests Tigers in the Preliminary Final. The club broke the ground record at WIN Stadium twice in the 2005 season. First against rivals the Sydney Roosters and then at their home quarter final game against the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks.
In early 2006, WIN Television Network bought a 25% stake in the Illawarra Steelers Club for $6.5 million, erasing most of the debt Illawarra had to St. George. This formalised the strong support the network has shown for the Steelers in years gone by and ensured that Wollongong continued to host world class rugby league matches.
After a bad start to the 2006 NRL season, the club put on a midseason seven/game winning streak. This was followed by a form slump, with a record five consecutive losses, only to return to form with a victory over the Wests Tigers, and continue this positive form leading into the finals. The club ended the regular season in sixth position.
In the finals campaign, St George Illawarra faced the Brisbane Broncos at Suncorp Stadium in the first round, St. George Illawarra won the game 20–4. In the second round, they met the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles at the Sydney Football Stadium winning 28–0. In the grand final qualifier, they played the Melbourne Storm, where the club went down 24–10 bowing out of season 2006.
St. George Illawarra could take solace from the fact that they did defeat the eventual premiers, Brisbane, three times during the 2006 season – 26–12 at Wollongong in Round 4, 18–16 at Suncorp Stadium in Round 15 and the aforementioned qualifying final match.
Season 2007 saw an early injury to Mark Gasnier in the Charity Shield match against South Sydney Rabbitohs creating another poor start for the Dragons. Combined with the loss of key players such as Luke Bailey, Trent Barrett and Shaun Timmins in the off-season, the Dragons faced NRL newcomers, the Gold Coast Titans, in Round 1. The joint-venture club won the historic match 20–18, however lost 6 more matches after that leaving the Saints sitting in 15th place on the NRL Ladder. This was a very inexperienced Dragons team that seemed destined for a poor injury plagued season. However, in Round 17 (vs Canberra Raiders at WIN Stadium), the Saints scored four times more points than their previous game average, winning the match 58–16, equalling their highest ever score and their largest victory in three years. The club's season ended with a 28–24 loss to the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles at Brookvale Oval, finishing in 13th place, their lowest finish to date.
2008 saw the end of an era, with coach Nathan Brown's contract not renewed after yet another poor start to the season, winning one of their first six matches. The club received a boost in May when former dual-code international player Wendell Sailor joined the team. Several notable players departed at the end of the year including Jason Ryles and captain Mark Gasnier. The club finished the season in 7th place, however they lost in the first round of the finals to eventual premiers Manly (whom they defeated 20–18 in round 11) 34–6 at Brookvale Oval ending yet another disappointing season. The era under Brown was one of frustration for Dragons fans, as there were high expectations for the strong side, but ultimately no premierships.
Wayne Bennett (2009–2011)
2009, a new season a new coach and ground sponsor WIN at Jubilee Oval. Several new faces joined the club, including Jeremy Smith, Darius Boyd, Neville Costigan, Michael Weyman and Luke Priddis. The season opener against the Storm ended in a thrilling golden point extra time loss (17–16). Round 3 set a new crowd record with the victorious return to WIN Jubilee against Cronulla.
They were consistently placed first on the competition ladder in 2009, contributed by a continuous winning streak of seven games since their win against the North Queensland Cowboys on 14 June. They lost first position after a three-game losing streak while the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs won all games in that period, but remain in the top three. However, in the final round of the 2009 regular season, St. George Illawarra defeated in-form Parramatta Eels 37–0, a game in which winger Brett Morris obtained a hat-trick and man of the match honours, while Canterbury lost 34–12 to the Wests Tigers. In the same game, St. George Illawarra five-eighth Jamie Soward surpassed Harry Bath's record for most points in a season by a St. George player. As a result, St. George Illawarra won the minor premiership for the 2009 and Wayne Bennett's first season at the club, but the team was eliminated from the finals after losing both their finals matches, therefore becoming the first minor premiers since 1993. In the first match they were humbled in front of a packed Jubilee Stadium, before traveling to face Bennett's former team. Brisbane defeated the Saints.
Season 2010 saw the club lose seven matches – the same tally as in the 2009 home-and-away season, against eventual wooden spooners the Melbourne Storm, 2008 premiers the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, their perennial bogey team the Canberra Raiders, 2003 premiers the Penrith Panthers in round 17, the Gold Coast Titans in extra time in round 20, Bennett's old team the Brisbane Broncos in round 21 and a second time to the Canberra Raiders in round 24. The team has been placed first since round five.
The team won its second minor premiership in succession (the first NRL team to do so since the inception of the NRL in 1998) with victory against the Newcastle Knights in the penultimate round of the 2010 NRL season. The joint-venture club had led the competition from round five right through to the final round, spending 21 consecutive weeks on top of the ladder and therefore spending the longest period of time on top of the ladder in NRL history (not including the Melbourne Storm).
St George Illawarra met Manly in the first week of the 2010 finals and produced a 28–0 victory. St. George Illawarra then defeated Wests Tigers 13–12 with Jamie Soward kicking the winning field goal for a place in the 2010 NRL Grand Final.
In the 2010 NRL Grand Final, St. George Illawarra defeated the Sydney Roosters 32–8, to secure the club's first grand final victory. The club overcame a poor first half performance to pull a thrilling victory out of the hat. This victory made Wayne Bennett's grand final record at 7 wins from 8 and thus continuing Brian Smith's poor grand final record of 4 losses from 4. Darius Boyd won a premiership with Bennett and the Brisbane Broncos in 2006, won the Clive Churchill Medal for best on ground in the match. The Grand Final victory also ended 31 years of hurt for St. George fans as the club had lost previous finals in 1985, 1992, 1993, 1996 and 1999.
St George Illawarra began their 2011 Season with pre-season wins in trials over Canterbury and South Sydney in the Charity Shield. The club also claimed its first World Club Challenge Championship, defeating Wigan Warriors 21–15 at DW Stadium. As of Round 14 2011, the Dragons have won 10 straight (excluding a 14–14 draw against Parramatta in Round 13).
It was announced in March 2011 that Bennett would leave St. George Illawarra after the 2011 NRL season, signing a four-year deal with the Newcastle Knights from the 2012 season onwards. Steve Price was named as his successor.
Steve Price and Paul McGregor (2012 – 2020)
2012 saw the club with a new coach. St. George Illawarra narrowly missed out on a Finals spot, finishing up in 9th position. Several notable players departed from the club at the end of the season, including Ben Hornby and Dean Young, who both retired from the sport. The start of the 2013 NRL season saw the arrival of few key acquisitions, namely Gerard Beale from the Broncos and Tyson Frizell from the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks.
The season was plagued by inconsistent form, alongside injuries and speculation regarding Price's future at the club. After winning three straight matches on the lead up to the annual Anzac Day clash with the Sydney Roosters, it was announced that Price would be signed for another year with an option for a second at the clubs disposal. Despite the clubs faith in Price as well as the arrival of star fullback Josh Dugan from Canberra – in a mid-season transfer, the club was unable to string together consistent performances and finished the year at 14th position.
Star five-eighth Gareth Widdop joined the club for 2014, but by late May 2014, just after the star signing of Benji Marshall, the board sacked Price as coach due to some embarrassing defeats to start the season. Assistant coach Paul McGregor was named as his replacement until the end of the season, and was eventually employed full-time following improved results. This culminated in the club returning to the finals in 2015 and enjoying a successful year.
In the 2017 NRL season, St George Illawarra lead the competition after the first eight rounds before a dramatic slide which saw the club record only six wins for the rest of the season. In the final match of the regular season, St George Illawarra played against Canterbury with a win guaranteeing them a finals spot and jumping ahead of North Queensland. With under ten minutes to play, St George Illawarra were ahead on the scoreboard before two quick tries gave Canterbury a 26–20 victory.
The 2018 NRL season saw the arrival of two star signings, English international James Graham and the Australian and Queensland halfback Ben Hunt. These signings and a successful season culminated in the club returning to the finals in 2018 and enjoyed a successful year. On 9 September 2018, St. George Illawarra Dragons won their first qualifying final in 8 years, defeating the Brisbane Broncos 48–18 at Suncorp Stadium. The following week, St George Illawarra played against South Sydney in week 2 of the finals series and were defeated 13–12 in a tight game. The match was also the first time since 1984 that the two clubs had played each other in the finals.
The Intrust Super Premiership NSW St. George Illawarra also had a strong year finishing second at the end of the regular season were they made the preliminary final but were defeated 28–26 by Canterbury.
In August 2018 WIN Corporation purchased the Illawarra Steelers remaining 25% stake in the club for a "commercially in confidence" sum. The St George Dragons and WIN Corporation now have a 50% stake each. WIN Corporation has paid off the $6 million debt the St. George Illawarra Dragons owed the NRL. The club's home venues will continue to be WIN Stadium and Jubilee Stadium.
Before the start of the 2019 NRL season, St. George Illawarra were expected by many to reach the finals and continue their good form from the previous year. A few weeks out from the club's first match, Jack de Belin was stood down indefinitely by the NRL in relation to an incident which happened in December 2018. On 18 April 2019, McGregor was granted a two-year contract extension by St. George Illawarra, keeping him at the club as the head coach until the end of the 2021 NRL season after the side had won four of their first six games.
St. George Illawarra would then go to only win three of their next 17 matches which left them second last on the table above the last placed Gold Coast. On 2 September 2019, it was revealed that McGregor's position at head coach would be coming under review following the conclusion of the season. St. George Illawarra finished 15th on the ladder and did not qualify for the finals after having a horror season.
On 13 August 2020, McGregor was terminated as head coach of St. George Illawarra after a poor start to the season left the club with four wins in thirteen games, he was subsequently replaced by Dean Young. At the end of the 2020 NRL season, the club finished a disappointing 12th on the table and missed out on the finals.
Anthony Griffin (2021–2023)
On 7 September 2020, Anthony Griffin was appointed the coach for 2021 NRL season on a two-year deal.
On 1 June 2021, it was announced that Jack de Belin would return from his 987-day hiatus after charges against him were dropped.
On 5 July 2021, the NRL handed out a total of $305,000 in fines to 13 players of the club after they attended Paul Vaughan's property for a party in the midst of Covid-19 restrictions which were in breach of the code's bio security protocols.
The season finished with the club finishing in 11th place, missing out on finals for the third consecutive year. The season started with four wins from the first five games, however over the next 19 games, the club only obtained another four victories, with the club losing eight matches in a row to close out the season after the infamous barbeque. It capped off a mediocre first year under Griffin's reign.
St. George Illawarra finished the 2022 NRL season in 10th place and missed the finals. Between round 17 to round 22, the club managed to win only one match which saw them go from 8th to 11th on the table. St. George Illawarra would win their last three matches of the season to finish in 10th position.
Before the start of the 2023 NRL season, many experts and pundits predicted St. George Illawarra to finish with the Wooden Spoon. After having a bye in the first round, the club defeated the Gold Coast in round 2 by a score of 32–18. In March 2023, it was revealed that Griffin had been told by club officials that they were looking for a potential coaching replacement in 2024 and that Griffin would have to re-apply for his position.
On 16 May 2023, it was announced that St. George Illawarra had terminated Griffin's contract effective immediately. Griffin was informed of the decision at 8AM just before the players training session.
On 14 June 2023, it was announced that former Cronulla head coach Shane Flanagan had signed a three-year deal to be St. George Illawarra's new coach starting in 2024.
In late June 2023, star player Ben Hunt requested an immediate release from his St. George Illawarra contract. It was reported that Hunt, became unhappy after head coach, Anthony Griffin, was sacked by the club. On 26 June, Hunt's request to be released by St. George Illawarra was denied by the club.
St. George Illawarra would finish the 2023 NRL season in 16th place, just two points above wooden spooners the Wests Tigers.
Season summaries
Finals appearances
12 (1999, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2015, 2018)
Colours and jerseys
Name and emblem
The team colours of the St. George Illawarra Dragons are red and white, colours shared by both the St. George Dragons and Illawarra Steelers. The merged entity's logo was taken directly from that of St George, with the addition of "Illawarra" to the bottom of the emblem. The emblem reflected the rich history of the St George Dragons, including an unprecedented and unmatched 11 consecutive premierships from 1956 to 1966, and the future strength of the club with the Illawarra.
The club name Dragons, is a shortened version of "Dragonslayers", the original nickname of St George. The emblem features a red shield with a silhouette of St. George, overlaid with a white stylised Dragon, with the words "ST. GEORGE" and "ILLAWARRA" above and below the shield respectively. It was originally intended for St George to face right and the Dragon to face left.
Jerseys
When the St George Illawarra Dragons were formed in 1998, it was decided that the jersey of St George (first used in 1945), the famous "Red V" on white, would become the main jersey for the new club. The red used was changed to the scarlet tone used by the Steelers.
The alternate jersey initially used by the club was red and white horizontal stripes, similar to the 1921 St George Jersey known as the "blood and bandages". Since 2006, this Jersey has been reserved for use as the St George Illawarra Heritage Jersey for special occasions. This Jersey is worn during Heritage Round, when the Dragons confront fierce local rivals the Bulldogs RLFC.
In 2004 and 2005, the club used a jersey similar to the Steelers main jersey for Heritage matches, acknowledging the rugby league history of the Illawarra region, though not as a full-time alternate strip. This jersey was predominantly red with white stripes on the sleeves. With Adidas producing the club's official merchandise from 2006, a generic Adidas design – predominantly red with three white stripes down the sleeves – was adopted as the full-time alternate strip; before another re-design in 2008, which better reflected the old Steelers jersey.
Reebok produced supporter and team kits from the 2010 season until 2013. Again the Red V was the Main jersey and the Alternate jersey was a red design with white slash marks. ISC became St George Illawarra's apparel partner in 2014 until 2017. XBlades became the main supplier for the 2018 season and ended their contract in 2020. Classic Sportswear currently produce the club's team kits and supporter gear.
Home grounds
The Dragons have two home grounds, reflecting the joint nature of the club:
WIN Stadium (1999–present)
Jubilee Oval (1999, 2003–07, 2009–present)
Half of the Dragons home matches are played at WIN Stadium (previously the home ground of the Illawarra Steelers) and the half at Jubilee Oval (previously the home of the St George Dragons).
The club has previously played Sydney home games out of the Sydney Football Stadium (2000–2002) and Stadium Australia (2008), as well as the Sydney Cricket Ground on special occasions.
The club has taken their home ground advantage away from their usual home grounds to the Sydney Football Stadium for the Club ANZAC Game against the Sydney Roosters in the 2004, 2006, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018 seasons. In 2002 when the match was first held, the Sydney Football Stadium was, at the time, one of the Dragons' main home grounds, whilst in 2008 the match was played at ANZ Stadium, a very unpopular move amongst supporters.
Right Game Right Venue Strategy
In 2013, the club entered into a four-year agreement with the NRL to move 4 of their 12 home games to one of the major Sydney stadiums (Allianz Stadium, Sydney Cricket Ground, ANZ Stadium).
The strategic intent was to replicate the success of the annual game played against Sydney Roosters on ANZAC day. As part of this initiative, the club and the NRL sought to introduce an annual Heritage Round game against South Sydney at the Sydney Cricket Ground.
In 2017, the club announced that the NRL had only provided three appropriate games to support this initiative for the 2017 season.
It was announced that from the 2018 NRL season that all games (except for the ANZAC clash Vs the Sydney Roosters and one other round) would be shared equally between Kogarah and Wollongong.
Stadium records
Highest Attendances at WIN Jubilee Oval
Highest attendances at WIN Stadium
Current squad
Coaches
David Waite 1999–2000
Andrew Farrar 1999–2002
Nathan Brown 2003–2008
Wayne Bennett 2009–2011
Steve Price 2012–2014
Paul McGregor 2014–2020
Dean Young 2020
Anthony Griffin 2021–2023
Ryan Carr 2023
Leagues clubs
As well as having two administrative offices, St. George Illawarra are supported by two separate Leagues clubs – one in each of the St. George and Illawarra areas.
St. George Dragons
The St. George Leagues Club is located on the Princes Highway at Beverley Park close to the northern home ground of Jubilee Oval at Carlton. Established in 1963, St. George was one of the first Super Leagues clubs developed in the 60s and was commonly referred to as the Taj Mahal because of the use of white marble in the original building.
Very little of the original building is still there today after extensive refurbishing and redesigning the entire club to make it one of the most superbly fitting clubs in Australia.
Illawarra Steelers
Situated in the middle of the City Beach precinct, the Steelers Club is located adjacent to WIN Entertainment Centre and WIN Stadium. It is directly across the road from the grounds Western Grandstand. Established in 1990, the club has struggled financially against much larger and more popular leagues clubs in Wollongong, such as Collegians, Dapto Leagues Club, Wests Illawarra Leagues Club, and Shellharbour Workers Club in Shellharbour. However, after a major restructure of its operations, the Steelers Club traded profitably. Twenty percent of the club premises were sold to Bermuda-based Billionaire and owner of WIN Corp, Bruce Gordon. The sale fetched $2.6 million.
Supporters
Many supporters of the Dragons mainly come from the club's local areas, the suburbs of the St. George district in Sydney (the Bayside and Georges River Council regions), and the Illawarra on the south-coast of NSW. The St. George Illawarra Dragons also have a huge following in south-east Queensland, as a significant number of the club's 'Red V' memberships are from people in this area. The Dragons also have a large number of supporters from all over NSW, with the club receiving record crowds at away games at Stadium Australia at Sydney Olympic Park.
A fan run podcast, called the Red V Podcast was launched in January 2020. Discussing the latest news, match previews and reviews, talking with current and former players and giving fans a voice. The podcast is hosted by life long dragons fan Jack Clifton and Curtis Woodward
Notable Supporters
Rivalries
Due to St. George enjoying great success over the years, St. George Illawarra have inherited several fierce rivalries, while also creating a few new ones since forming the joint venture.
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
St. George Illawarra has a fierce rivalry with neighbour the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs. Canterbury-Bankstown were founded in 1935, 14 years after St. George. St. George inflicted a RL record 91–6 defeat of Canterbury in 1935 but Canterbury enjoyed premiership success first, however St. George recorded 11 straight premierships in the years following (1956–1966).
In the 1942 NSWRFL season, the two clubs met in the 1942 grand final with Canterbury-Bankstown defeating St. George 11–9 in a low-scoring affair at the Sydney Cricket Ground.
It was also Canterbury-Bankstown who put an end to their Premiership run in 1967, when Canterbury beat them by one point in the preliminary final to face South Sydney in the Grand Final. Since then, both clubs have inflicted Premiership defeats on the other, St George defeating Canterbury-Bankstown in 1979, Canterbury returning the favour in 1985.
The two teams subsequently met in the 1993 preliminary final which St. George won 27–12. They would meet again in the 1995 and 1998 finals series with Canterbury running out winners on both occasions. The elimination final in 1998 was also St. George's final game as a stand-alone entity as the club elected to form a joint venture with Illawarra for the 1999 NRL season.
Since St. George formed a joint venture with Illawarra, the two clubs have met each other in the 2001 finals series which St. George Illawarra defeated Canterbury 23-22 and in the 2015 finals series which Canterbury won 11–10 at ANZ Stadium. In the 2017 NRL season, St. George Illawarra needed to beat Canterbury in the final game of the regular season to qualify for the finals. Canterbury who were already out of contention for the finals defeated St. George 26–20 which allowed North Queensland to get the last finals spot and finish 8th. North Queensland would then go on to reach the 2017 NRL Grand Final as a result.
The two sides are rivals in the NRL Heritage Round. Canterbury and St. George Illawarra also unofficially have a territorial rivalry, with fans from both teams coming in large amounts around Arncliffe, Earlwood, Kingsgrove, Marrickville, and Panania.
Parramatta Eels
The St. George Illawarra Dragons and Parramatta Eels rivalry stretches back to 1977, when the St. George Dragons and Parramatta played out the first ever drawn Grand Final result. Parramatta, seeking their first minor premiership after they finished the season on the top of the ladder at the end of the regular season, were beaten 22–0 in the Grand Final Rematch by St. George, who won their first Grand Final since 1966.
There were many controversial matches between St. George Illawarra and Parramatta. Firstly, in Round 18 2005, Parramatta won 40–14 in a match which saw Trent Barrett and PJ Marsh trade blows after Marsh's crude charge-down attempt at Barrett, sparking an all-in brawl whilst Parramatta's Wade McKinnon sprinted to score a match-turning 80 metre try.
A less memorable match saw no points scored between the two teams in Round 13 2006 in the first 70 minutes of play before Parramatta slotted a field goal with nine minutes remaining, before the Dragons struck back with two one-pointers to take a 2–1 lead. St. George Illawarra then scored a try through Matt Cooper with mere seconds remaining on the clock to claim an 8–1 victory.
In the 2009 NRL Finals Series, St. George Illawarra finished as the Minor Premiership and faced the Parramatta Eels who finished 8th on the ladder. A week earlier at the same venue, St. George Illawarra had defeated Parramatta 37–0 but in the finals game, Parramatta won 25–12 with Parramatta player Jarryd Hayne scoring a brilliant solo try. As of the 2022 NRL season, this has been the last time where St. George Illawarra and Parramatta have met in a finals series.
In 2020 NRL season on the 14/6/2020, St. George Illawarra played their last games under former coach Paul McGregor, at CommBank Stadium. The Saints showed a lot of emotion as they won 14–12 unexpectedly against the Parramatta Eels. With Mikaele Ravalawa scoring a double. But Zac Lomax sealed the games with slotting a Penalty goal in the 65th minute.
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
St. George Illawarra's fiercest rivalries is with their Southern neighbor, Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks. Cronulla-Sutherland originally were part of the St. George juniors area, and Cronulla are often referred to as St George's "little brother".
In Cronulla's foundation year, the club was coached by Ken Kearney who won several premierships with St. George as a player-coach in the 1950s and early 1960s. Cronulla's inaugural captain was also a former St. George premiership winning player in Monty Porter. In 1978, former St. George player and rugby league immortal Norm Provan coached Cronulla to the grand final and replay that season against Manly.
St. George Illawarra have had the same amount of success as the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, who have also won one premiership. In fact, since St. George Illawarra entered the competition in 1999, both the Saints and Cronulla have finished higher than the other six times apiece.
Cronulla finished the 1999 season as minor premiers, but St. George Illawarra beat them 26–8 in the preliminary final to progress to the 1999 NRL Grand Final at the Sharks' expense. The Saints trailed 0–8 at halftime.
Both clubs have been accused of poaching players from the other, and compete for fans in the same region. In 1999, the Cronulla CEO infamously cut up a St. George Jersey after a match at Toyota Stadium. During the Super League war, Cronulla-Sutherland was one of only three Sydney teams to join the rival competition, entrenching further spite from both the St. George Dragons and the Illawarra Steelers were loyal to the ARL during the Super League War.
In the 2002 finals series, both teams met in the semi-final which Cronulla won 40–24 at the Sydney Football Stadium. The rivalry increased further in 2005 when they met in a qualifying final at a sold out WIN Stadium with the Dragons winning 28–22. As of the 2022 NRL season, this is the last time the two club's have played each other in a finals game.
In 2009, former Dragons captain Trent Barrett switched to Cronulla-Sutherland after two years in the Super League. In his return match to Kogarah in round 3, 2009, Barrett was injured and with him went any hopes Cronulla had of winning the premiership (in the preceding year, the Cronulla club had finished equal-first) that year. Other players to have switched clubs include Lance Thompson and Jeremy Smith (St. George Illawarra to Cronulla), Beau Scott, Sam Isemonger and Matt Bickerstaff (Cronulla to St. George Illawarra) and Colin Best (Cronulla to St. George Illawarra) and then back again, as of 2011. In another match in 2009, Cronulla captain Paul Gallen was found guilty of a racial slur involving then Dragons forward Mickey Paea. In round 18 of the 2023 NRL season, St. George Illawarra recorded their worst ever loss to Cronulla as either St. George or St. George Illawarra with the match finishing 52-16.
South Sydney Rabbitohs
St. George won 15 premierships before forming a joint-venture with Illawarra. In 2010, they won their first NRL premiership as a joint-venture. South Sydney have won the most premierships with 21, the Sydney Roosters next on 15 premierships. South Sydney and St. George have met several times in grand finals prior to the joint-venture and being the north-eastern neighbours of St. George, had many fierce encounters. One of the biggest matches in this rivalry is the Charity Shield, a pre-season fixture between the two sides that was abandoned after the 1999 match but was revived after Souths were re-admitted to the NRL in 2002.
In 2001, South Sydney chairman and club legend George Piggins said there would be no chance of the Charity Shield being revived if Souths were to be included back into the NRL saying "The Dragons: They sold us out". This was in reference to St. George signing an affidavit at the time which included that it would be detrimental if Souths were returned to the competition.
In 2018, both sides met for the first time in a finals match since 1984. After 80 tense minutes of absorbing action, Souths won a close semi-final 13–12.
Sydney Roosters
St. George has another fierce rivalry with the Sydney Roosters. St. George's first premiership was a 31–14 victory over Easts in the 1941 NSWRFL season Grand Final.
In 1960 Eastern Suburbs reached their first grand final since 1945 where they faced St. George but were beaten 31–6.
In 1975 Eastern Suburbs defeated St. George 38–0 in the grand final which until the 2008 NRL season was the biggest winning margin in a grand final.
During 1995, in the midst of the Super League War, Eastern Suburbs had secret discussions to merge with the St. George club, with St. George's jersey and emblem to disappear. Fans of both clubs were outraged, and the attempt aborted. St. George Illawarra annually contests the Club ANZAC Game against the Sydney Roosters, a tradition dating back to the 1970s, and contested annually since 2002.
After St. George formed a joint venture with the Illawarra Steelers in 1999 to form St. George Illawarra the two clubs have met each other twice in finals matches, the first coming in 1999 which St. George Illawarra won and in the 2010 NRL Grand Final where St. George Illawarra won its first premiership as a joint venture defeating the Sydney Roosters 32–8 at ANZ Stadium.
Encounters with other teams
Brisbane Broncos
Prior to the joint-venture, both St George and Illawarra had memorable matches with Brisbane in the early 1990s. St. George and Brisbane Broncos contested the 1992 and 1993 Grand Finals, creating a competitive rivalry (see New South Wales Rugby League season 1993). Also, Illawarra had produced some memorable performances against Brisbane, including the infamous 1989 Panasonic Cup Final (which Brisbane won) and the 1992 Tooheys Challenge Cup Final (won by Illawarra).
The St. George Illawarra Dragons had the longest winning streak against the Brisbane Broncos than any other club (eight, from round 23, 2005 to round 4, 2009 inclusive, including one final in 2006), across five years. With former Brisbane Broncos coach Wayne Bennett at the helm of St George Illawarra, and Wendell Sailor, a popular face in the NRL and a former Bronco, the rivalry only increased. In 2009, the Dragons defeated the Broncos at Suncorp Stadium early, and were then beaten in Wollongong by the Broncos later on in the season. One game a piece, the two sides met up in Brisbane in the finals, where they lost to the Broncos 24–10, thus ending the Dragons season and also that of Wendell Sailor's career. Ironically, his first and last games for the Dragons were both against the Brisbane side.
Some memorable matches between the Dragons and Brisbane have included:
Round 11, 2002: Brisbane were at the top of the ladder undefeated at the time until they ran into the Dragons at Aussie Stadium on a sunny Sunday afternoon. The Dragons won 28–20 to inflict Brisbane's first defeat of the season, but in round 17 the Broncos got them back with a 34–22 victory at ANZ Stadium.
Round 26, 2003: St. George Illawarra were out of finals contention and the Broncos the previous week had lost a then club-record breaking sixth straight loss when the two teams came together at Suncorp Stadium in the final round of the 2003 season. The second-string Dragons side, without more than half of its first grade side stunned the Broncos 26–25 with hooker Mark Riddell kicking an improbable penalty goal with just over 90 seconds remaining. This condemned Brisbane to their seventh loss in succession and gave Dragons fans some hope for the 2004 season.
Round 12, 2004: Not even an early try from Mark Gasnier (who was dropped from the New South Wales State of Origin team for disciplinary issues) could inspire St. George Illawarra as they lost by just two points, 24–22.
Round 23, 2005: In a potential Grand Final preview, scores were locked at 0–0 for the majority of the first half before the Dragons broke away in the second half to record a 24–4 win and instigate Brisbane's then-traditional late-season poor form.
Round 15, 2006: With the Dragons trailing 16–12 with two minutes remaining, Saints winger Brett Morris scored his first-ever first grade try in the corner in the dying minutes after catching a Mathew Head bomb. The try was allowed, leaving St. George Illawarra hooker Aaron Gorrell (in a twist of irony, he later went on to play for the Broncos) with the sideline conversion to win the game. Gorrell nailed it and Saints won the match 18–16.
2nd Qualifying Final, 2006: The Red V upset Brisbane 20–4, the third time St. George Illawarra defeated Brisbane in that year. Brisbane ultimately went on to win the premiership.
Round 13, 2008: Wendell Sailor played his first game for the Dragons against the Brisbane club, but was rested just before halftime following a jaw injury suffered in the first half. Saints won the game 34–16.
Round 23, 2008: Sailor marked his return to Suncorp Stadium with his first try since coming back to rugby league in a win to St. George Illawarra, 24–20.
Round 4, 2009: Wayne Bennett, Darius Boyd and a host of others opposed the Broncos for the first time in their lives. Despite conceding an early try to Israel Folau, the Dragons won 25–12 with Wendell Sailor appropriately scoring the match winning try.
2nd Semi-Final, 2009: The Brisbane club ended St. George Illawarra's season with a 24–10 win, and the Dragons became the first minor premiers in 16 years to be eliminated in just the 2nd round of the Finals.
2nd Semi-Final, 2011: Brisbane beat St. George Illawarra 13–12 field goal kicked by Darren Lockyer in overtime, Darren won the game with a fractured cheekbone that he received late in the game, this also turned out to be Darren Lockyer's last game for the Broncos and Wayne Bennett (coaching) and Mark Gasnier's last for the Dragons.
Round 1, 2018: In the season opener, Ben Hunt played his first game for St. George Illawarra after leaving Brisbane the year before, the Red V beat Brisbane 34–12 with Hunt scoring an intercept try off a poor pass from Broncos recruit Matt Lodge.
2nd Elimination Final, 2018: In their first finals meeting in seven years, Brisbane were widely tipped to beat St. George Illawarra, after an arm wrestle for most of the 1st half, the Dragons inspired by a Tariq Sims hat trick went on to hand the Broncos their worst finals loss at Suncorp winning 48–18 and eliminating Brisbane in the process. It was also Ben Hunt's first game in Brisbane since leaving Brisbane for St George Illawarra.
Round 3, 2019: In their only meeting for 2019, both sides struggled to get the upper hand until former Brisbane player Corey Norman slotted a field goal right on full time to give the Red V a 25–24 win after Jamayne Isaako missed a field goal attempt only moments earlier.
Round 25, 2022: St. George Illawarra were out of finals contention while Brisbane had to win to play finals. The Red V won the game 22–12 condemning the Brisbane club to a third consecutive year without a finals appearance which allowed the Canberra Raiders to advance into the finals at the expense of Brisbane.
Players who played for the Dragons who have won premierships with Brisbane include Darius Boyd and Luke Priddis, who also won a premiership with Penrith in 2003. Others of note include Nick Emmett who was brought to the club by Wayne Bennett, and Neville Costigan, who was sacked just before the Broncos' 2006 success.
Melbourne Storm
These two teams played against each other in the 1999 NRL Grand Final. It is remembered for the penalty try conceded by St. George Illawarra winger Jamie Ainscough that cost the club the premiership. It was the club's first NRL Grand Final appearance as a joint-venture and Melbourne's first Grand Final appearance in just its second year in existence. St. George Illawarra had led 14–0 at halftime only for Melbourne to come back and claim a controversial 20–18 win following the penalty try two minutes from time.
The two teams have also had some memorable, not to mention controversial matches in the decade that followed, none more so than the Grand Final rematch in 2000 which saw Melbourne beat St. George Illawarra 70–10 at the MCG (this remains St George Illawarra's biggest defeat as a joint-venture to date).
In the lead up to that match, then-Saints five-eighth Anthony Mundine had claimed that the Melbourne club were not worthy premiers, sparking anger from Melbourne's fans and players, thus the catalyst for the huge win. St. George Illawarra however did claim revenge later that year with a 50–4 win at WIN Stadium (that also remains Melbourne's worst ever defeat to date).
The 2009 season opened with these two teams going head-to-head in another much talked about match. St. George Illawarra five-eighth Jamie Soward was labelled a 'rag doll' in defence whilst trying to stop Melbourne's Greg Inglis scoring a try, however ever since that match Soward's game has matured. The club lost 17–16 in extra time, with Inglis scoring the match winning field goal. In the return match, Soward was also the centre of attention as he used his foot to prevent Inglis again from scoring, resulting in an eight-point try and Soward being put on report (he was reprimanded for this). St. George Illawarra won this match 26–12. In round 4, 2010, St. George Illawarra were the last team to lose premiership points to Melbourne before their salary cap scandal was revealed.
St. George Illawarra were also involved in a controversial loss to Melbourne at the start of the 2014 season. In their round 6 game at AAMI Park, a refereeing and timekeeping error resulted in Melbourne scoring a try after the siren had gone, to win them the match. In the 80th minute, St. George Illawarra were ahead 24–22. The full-time siren sounded in the 80th minute, prior to a Melbourne player in possession being tackled. After the tackle was completed, the referees allowed play to continue, rather than ending the match, which gave Melbourne the chance to spread the ball in an elongated play, which resulted in a try and conversion in the 81st minute, giving them the win, 28–24.
Club records
(As of the end of the 2023 season)
Player records
Most Games for the Dragons
Most Points in a Season
Most Points for the Dragons (300+ )
Top 10 Try Scorers
Top 10 Goal Kickers
Most Tries in a Season
Top 10 Most Points in a Match
Bold – Active
Head-to-head records
Since the foundation of the St. George Illawarra Dragons, the club has achieved the following Win/Loss Record:
Biggest winning margins
Most consecutive wins
9 – (27 March 2011 – 29 May 2011)
8 – (17 July 2005 – 10 September 2005)
7 – (17 May 2008 – 5 July 2008)
7 – (14 June 2009 – 7 August 2009)
Biggest comeback
24-points – Trailed Manly Sea Eagles 34–10 after 57 minutes to win 36–34 at Jubilee Stadium (19 August 2004)
Biggest losing margins
Most consecutive losses
8 – (16 July 2021 – 4 September 2021)
7 – (8 June 2015 – 2 August 2015)
6 - (9 April 2023 - 13 May 2023)
6 - (29 July 2023 - 2 September 2023)
6 – (27 July 2013 – 2 September 2013)
5 - (4 July 2019 - 4 August 2019)
5 – (5 September 2004 – 2 April 2005)
5 – (14 July – 13 August 2006)
5 – (23 March – 30 April 2007)
Worst collapse
20-points – Led South Sydney Rabbitohs 20–0 after 35 minutes to lose 34–24 at WIN Stadium (31 July 2011)
Honours
Women's team
In December 2017, the St. George Illawarra Dragons expressed their interest in applying for a licence to participate in the inaugural NRL Women's season. In March 2018, they were awarded one of four licences for the league's inaugural season, to commence in September of the same year. Daniel Lacey was appointed to coach the side.
In June 2018, Sam Bremner, Kezie Apps and Talesha Quinn were unveiled as the club's first three signings.
Current squad
Season summaries
See also
Illawarra Steelers
St. George Dragons
References
External links
Supporter sites
Dragons Lair – St George Illawarra Dragons Fan Discussion Forum
National Rugby League clubs
Rugby league teams in Sydney
Rugby league teams in Wollongong
Rugby clubs established in 1998
Fan-owned football clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20George%20Illawarra%20Dragons |
Balloch Country Park is a country park on the southern tip of Loch Lomond in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. It was recognised as a country park in 1980, and it is the only country park in the Loch Lomond and the Trossachs National Park, Scotland's first national park. Balloch Country Park features nature trails, guided walks, a walled garden, and picnic lawns with views of the Loch. It was originally developed in the early 19th century by John Buchanan, a partner in the Glasgow and Ship Bank, and the gardens were significantly improved by the Dennistoun-Browns, who bought the estate in 1851. Buchanan also built Balloch Castle, which now serves as the park's visitors' center.
Balloch Castle
Balloch Castle was built in the Scottish baronial style as a residence in 1808 by the architect Robert Lugar at the order of John Buchanan of Ardoch.
The new castle used stone from an earlier castle built near the current site by the Earl of Lennox in 1238 and occupied by the Lennox family until approximately 1390. Situated nearer the water than the present day castle, the only remnant of the original structure is a mound that once formed the moat. This site is given statutory protection under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979.
The current castle used to serve visitors centre and the headquarters of the Countryside Ranger Service in the park, but now lies derelict. The castle grounds offers a car park and walled garden with trees and shrubs, including the rhododendrons and azaleas that reach full bloom in late May and early June.
Events
Balloch Park is host to the annual Loch Lomond Highland games each summer. Events such as caber tossing and typical Scottish cuisine attract many visitors.
In June 1991 Scottish folk-rock band Runrig played to an audience of 50,000. Oasis played a gig to 80,000 people over two nights in the summer of 1996, as did R.E.M. in 2005.
BBC Radio 1 roadshow used the park as a location for annual live shows in the 90's with Travis, Skunk Anansie, Billie Piper and Jason Donovan playing.
In August 2007 the first Live at Loch Lomond music festival took place in the grounds of the park. The second Live At Loch Lomond was also a success generating respect from the crowd.
References
Country parks in Scotland
Parks in West Dunbartonshire
Vale of Leven | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balloch%20Country%20Park |
Folly Farm is a traditionally managed working farm and nature reserve run by the Avon Wildlife Trust. It is located between Stowey, Clutton and Stanton Wick in the civil parish of Stowey in the English county of Somerset.
The farm house is 18th century and the surrounding land includes neutral grassland, wildflower meadows and woodlands with splendid views. Much of Folly Farm is designated as a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest. Some of the land has never been ploughed. The SSSI comprises two adjacent areas, the meadows (19.36 hectares) and Dowlings Wood (9 hectares). It is also a Local Nature Reserve.
It can be found near Bishop Sutton in the Chew Valley, just off the A368. The site is situated on a curved ridge of land on neutral soils derived from the underlying Keuper Marl. The soil is of the Icknield Association with dark brown, moist but moderately well-drained clay.
The nature reserve includes the Folly Oak which is over 400 years old.
Wildlife
It attracts a wide range of birds including marsh tit (Parus palustris), buzzard (Buteo buteo) and great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major). The pasture is of a kind now rare in the area. In summer the site has a wide variety of flowers such as betony (Stachys), oxeye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) and heath spotted orchid (Orchidaceae). In late summer, it is covered with drifts of black knapweed (Centaurea) and devil's bit scabious (scabiosa). Many butterflies can be seen throughout the summer, including marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurina), ringlet (Aphantopus hyperantus), gatekeeper (Pyronia tithonus) and marbled white (Melanargia galathea).
A number of scarce species of fly are listed from the site in Gibbs (2002). The cranefly Atypophthalmus inustus was recorded in Folly Wood in 2001 and the cranefly Ormosia bicornis was found in both Folly Wood and Dowlings Wood in 2000–2001. Prior to these records there had been no previous published records from the county of Somerset. The fungus gnats Keroplatus testaceus, Macrocera pusilla, Megophthalmidia crassicornis, Exechiopsis dumitrescae and Exechiopsis membranacea have all been recorded, the first four in 2000 in Dowlings Wood, and the last at Folly Wood in 2001. Other species recorded at Dowlings Wood in 2000 were Platypalpus mikii, a member of the family Hybotidae, and the hoverfly Volucella inflata, while the soldierfly Oxycera pardalina was recorded from Folly Wood in 2001. Finally, the picture-winged fly Herina palustris and the hoverflies Criorhina ranunculi and Orthonevra brevicornis were recorded at Folly Farm in 1999.
Folly Farm Centre
The site was purchased from the Strachey family who were lords of the manor of the nearby Sutton Court in 1987.
Avon Wildlife Trust opened Folly Farm Centre as an education venue in May 2008.
The insulation in the centre's roofs is provided by sheep's wool. It also has a solar panel, a biomass boiler fired by wood pellets and a willow sewage treatment area.
Gallery
References
Further reading
Gibbs, David J. (2002) Scarcer Diptera found in the Bristol region in 1999, 2000 and 2001 Dipterists Digest (second series) 9:1–13
External links
Folly Farm
AWT page of Folly Farm
Bath and North East Somerset
Farms in Somerset
Mendip Hills
Neutral grassland Sites of Special Scientific Interest
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Avon
Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1987
Woodland Sites of Special Scientific Interest
Local Nature Reserves in Somerset | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folly%20Farm%2C%20Somerset |
William Daniel ("W.D.", "Bud", "Deacon") Jones (May 12, 1916 – August 20, 1974) was a member of the Barrow Gang, whose crime spree throughout the southern Midwest in the early years of the Great Depression became part of American criminal folklore. Jones ran with Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker for eight and a half months, from Christmas Eve 1932 to early September 1933. He and another gang member named Henry Methvin were consolidated into the "C.W. Moss" character in the film Bonnie and Clyde (1967). "Moss was a dumb kid who run errands and done what Clyde told him," Jones later said, "That was me, all right."
Early life
James Zeberdie Jones (1883–1923) and Tookie (née Garrison) Jones (1884–1971) were sharecroppers in Henderson County, Texas with six children: five sons and a daughter. William was their second youngest child. After postwar cotton prices collapsed they gave up trying to farm, and circa 1921–22 the Joneses settled in the industrial slum of West Dallas, in the same wave that brought the Barrow family and hundreds of other poor families from the country to the unwelcoming city. It was a maze of tent cities and shacks without running water, gas or electricity, set on dirt streets amid smokestacks, oil refineries, "plants, quarries, lagoons, tank farms and burrow pits" on the Trinity River floodplain. It was while his family was living in the squatters' camp under the Oak Cliff Viaduct that William, then about five, first met Clyde Barrow, then age 11 or 12.
When William was six years old his entire family was stricken by what was probably Spanish flu, which lingered after the 1918 pandemic in pockets of the United States where unhealthy conditions prevailed. His father and sister died in the same hour, his oldest brother two nights later, all of pneumonia, which was frequently the coup de grâce delivered by that strain of flu. Tookie Jones and four of her sons survived.
Jones grew up illiterate. Before or after the illness that devastated his family, he got partly through the first grade. He recalled that he left school to sell newspapers. He had been friends with LC Barrow, the youngest son of his mother's friend Cumie, since their families' first days in West Dallas. The Joneses and the Barrows were close: when Marvin “Buck” Barrow was to stand trial in San Antonio for car theft, Tookie and her two youngest boys accompanied the Barrows and their two youngest children as they traveled by horse and wagon, 300 miles south, to attend.
Both boys had big brothers named Clyde. William's brother Clyde drove his wife and Marvin Barrow's girlfriend Blanche across the country to Tennessee in the summer of 1930 to see Marvin while he was on the lam. The Barrows, too, had been hit by disease in the West Dallas camp: Clyde, his father and his younger sister Marie were hospitalized by something so severe that years later Clyde was rejected by the Navy due to its lingering effects.
Barrow Gang
By age 15 or 16 W.D. Jones was known to the local police. He hung around the Barrows' service station on Eagle Ford Road, "entertained" older men, and collected license plates for LC Barrow's brothers Clyde and Marvin “Buck” Barrow to use on cars they stole. He was picked up in Dallas at least once "on suspicion" of car theft and was arrested with LC in Beaumont, Texas for car theft. On Christmas Eve 1932, Clyde Barrow and his friend Bonnie — already on the run, and glamorous outlaws to W.D. — stopped by home. Barrow was between assistants, and he and Parker brought Jones along with them when they left.
The next afternoon in Temple, Texas, in a botched attempt at stealing a car, Jones or Barrow shot and killed the car's owner, grocery clerk Doyle Johnson, a 27-year-old new father. Newspaper accounts reported that the fatal shots came from the passenger side of the car. According to Jones, Barrow used this report to make sure Jones didn't leave the gang. Jones was indicted for Johnson's murder by a Bell County grand jury, but was not tried.
On the night of January 6, 1933 in Dallas, the three stumbled into a trap set for another criminal. Barrow killed Tarrant County Deputy Malcolm Davis, shooting him point-blank in the chest with a 16-gauge shotgun. Jones and Parker were waiting in the car for Barrow and were as startled as the neighbors were when gunfire broke out. Jones "grabbed a gun and began blasting the landscape." Parker shouted to him to stop, that he might hit someone, and she circled the car around the block to catch up with Barrow.
In his confession to police, Jones said that he was starting the motor while Parker fired her pistol out the passenger window. Thirty-five years later, he told Playboy magazine, "As far as I know, Bonnie never packed a gun.... during the five big gun battles I was with them, she never fired a gun." In October 1934 Jones was tried and convicted as an accessory to Deputy Davis's murder as part of an arrangement with Dallas County Sheriff R.A."Smoot" Schmid.
After the murder of Malcolm Davis, Barrow, Parker and Jones lay low. They drove through the hills of Missouri and Arkansas and may have wandered as far east as Tennessee. They made news only on the night of January 26, when they kidnapped Springfield, Missouri police officer Thomas Persell. Twice in early spring they dressed up and photographed each other and their gun collection beside the road. They saw how their pictures came out at the same time as thousands of newspaper readers: in April the rolls of film were captured by police, developed, and published. The playful pictures brought unintended consequences, particularly one of Bonnie Parker squinting defiantly at the camera, her foot planted on the bumper of a stolen car, a gun at her outthrust hip and a cigar hanging from her mouth. Dallas County Deputy Sheriff Ted Hinton recalled that the "brazen pride" displayed in the pictures made law enforcement officers that much more determined to catch them.
The three returned to Dallas on March 24 or 25 and learned that on March 23, Clyde's older brother Buck had been pardoned from Huntsville penitentiary. On the night of March 25 they surprised Buck and his wife Blanche at Blanche's mother's home and persuaded Buck to vacation with them in strategically located Joplin, Missouri.
Joplin, Missouri
Jones was a combatant in the April 13, 1933 Joplin shootout with law officers in which Constable Wes Harryman and motor detective Harry McGinnis were killed by shotgun. Police estimated that this shootout lasted about one minute, from first shot to last. The most serious injury to the Barrows was to W.D. Jones. He was struck in the left side, possibly by a shot fired through the garage's glass window by Detective McGinnis or through the still-open garage door by Officer Harryman's only fired round, though Officer Kahler of the Missouri State Highway Patrol, recalling the battle in 1980, said that he shot Jones below the right shoulder blade, many seconds after the two fatally wounded officers were down.
The Barrows fled westward. They stopped once at a gas station for aspirin and rubbing alcohol. They moved Jones into the front seat and wrapped him in the blanket that usually covered the guns. Parker pried open his wound with knitting needles and poured rubbing alcohol into it. In the Texas Panhandle, somewhere near Shamrock or Amarillo, they pulled over to examine their wounds. "Clyde wrapped an elm branch in gauze and pushed it through the hole in my side and out my back. The bullet had gone clean through me so we knew it would heal."
The unexpected viciousness of the apartment dwellers' response, the haul of weaponry recovered, and especially the rolls of film they left behind made the Barrow Gang suddenly wanted and recognizable far beyond Texas. In their immediate descriptions of the gun battle the police officers remembered only two shooters, whom they named as Clyde and Buck Barrow. No witness remembered a third man. Jones was never correctly identified while he was with Clyde Barrow. When he had to introduce himself during his time with the Barrows he used the name "Jack Sherman." From the Joplin photos police variously identified him as Buck Barrow, Pretty Boy Floyd and Hubert Bleigh.
Ruston, Louisiana
Two weeks later on April 27, in the middle of a car theft in Ruston, Louisiana, still not recovered from his Joplin wounds and perhaps tired of the constant bickering in the car as well as afraid for his life, Jones disappeared from the gang. A fictionalized version of the Ruston car theft and subsequent kidnapping is the Gene Wilder-Evans Evans segment in Bonnie and Clyde. According to his statement to Dallas police November 18, "[T]hey [the Barrow brothers] put me out of the car to steal a Chevrolet automobile for them. I saw this was my chance to escape and I jumped in this car and made my getaway and came back to Dallas, Texas." The car he stole in Ruston was found 130 miles away, at the edge of the Mississippi River, in the eastern Arkansas railroad town of McGehee.
Clyde didn't want to believe that the docile W.D. had deliberately abandoned the gang, but to Buck it was obvious, and a relief, that "the kid" had. Jones made his way back to Dallas and spoke with Mrs. Barrow at least once while he was there. In late May the gang sent Blanche to Dallas to bring money and news to the families. Barrow instructed her to bring Jones with her to their rendezvous. When Blanche passed this request on, both mothers were polite, but demurred. Mrs. Barrow told Blanche faintly that "she did not know if he wanted to go with Clyde or not". LC and Mrs. Parker at least pretended to try to find him. Barrow arranged at least one more meeting, expressly asking his mother to find and return Jones then, but to no avail. He and Parker drove into Dallas and picked him up themselves, on June 8 or 9.
In his statement to Dallas police Jones said, "[A]bout two o'clock in the afternoon.... I was walking along the road intending to go down to the lake and to go to a dance at the Five Point Dancehall that night. Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow drove up from behind me and stopped. They were in a V8 Coupe....They spoke to me and told me to get in the car and I got in. They asked me if I wanted to go with them, and I told them I did not, and Clyde said I was going anyway, and I did." After this, even when the five-person gang had two cars, "Clyde always wanted W.D. to be in the car with him."
Wellington, Texas
On the night of June 10, racing to meet Buck and Blanche in Oklahoma, Barrow was traveling too fast to notice a detour sign at the bridge over the Salt Fork of the Red River outside Wellington, Texas. "Suddenly the road disappeared." The car sailed into the air, turning over as it went, and crashed into the dry riverbed, rolling several times and coming to rest on its side. Battery acid poured onto Bonnie Parker, eating away the flesh of her right leg as she screamed and struggled. A farm family came to their aid, but quickly contacted police; "Bonnie told me I fired a shotgun there which wounded a woman in the hand." Barrow and Jones kidnapped the responding officers, Sheriff George Corry and Marshal Paul Hardy, to make their escape.
"Bonnie never got over that burn. Even after it healed over, her leg was drawn under her. She had to just hop or hobble along." Barrow, who limped himself, accommodated the new delays, expenses and detours her disability created in his life without hesitation, and while she healed he or Jones carried her wherever she needed to go.
The gang holed up in a tourist cabin in Fort Smith, Arkansas, tending Parker, unable to move on until she recovered — or died — from her catastrophic injury. "She'd been burned so bad none of us thought she was gonna live. The hide on her right leg was gone, from her hip down to her ankle. I could see the bone at places." During this time Barrow's love for Parker drove him to put his own life on the line several times to try to help her.
Fayetteville, Arkansas
With Barrow's attention focused on Parker, the problem of acquiring food and rent money fell to Buck and Jones. On June 23, as the two were fleeing the scene of a clumsy grocery store robbery fifty miles away in Fayetteville, they crested a hill on Highway 71 and smashed into the back of a slower moving vehicle. The driver climbed out of his car and grabbed two rocks; the Barrows jumped out of their car, Buck with a shotgun and Jones with a BAR.
Town Marshal Henry Humphrey of Alma and Crawford County Deputy Sheriff Ansel M. "Red" Salyers were also on Highway 71, driving toward Fayetteville to investigate the grocery store robbery. In the opposite lane the first car passed them — they waved to the driver, whom they knew — then seconds later came the speeding V-8. They heard the crash and turned around, and at the scene they recognized the V-8's Kansas plate. As Marshal Humphrey drew his gun and got out of the car, Buck shot him in the chest.
Jones fired a round from the BAR at Salyers. Salyers ducked behind his car and fired back with a rifle, then as Jones fumbled to reload he dashed toward a farmhouse. Buck's shotgun had jammed. He ran to Salyers's car, yelling to Jones to get Humphrey's pistol. From the farmhouse a hundred yards away, Salyers took aim and managed to shoot off two of Jones's fingertips as the robbers careened away in his automobile. A few miles from Fort Smith, Buck and Jones hijacked a couple's car at gunpoint, then realized the roads into Fort Smith were blocked. The car was found abandoned in the mountains. They staggered in the door of the tourist cabin ten hours after they had left. The Barrow Gang packed up what they could and decamped.
The next month, Deputy Salyers drove 500 miles to a hospital in Perry, Iowa, to get a final statement from the dying Buck Barrow. Barrow admitted to Salyers that he had murdered Marshal Humphrey, and that he and the man with him — who he finally confessed was "Jack Sherman"— had been shooting to kill them both. Officer Humphrey's pistol was found in the Barrows' debris at Dexfield Park. In November, Jones told police that he had been stunned in the car crash and his memory of any ensuing action was hazy, but he was confident that only Buck was shooting. He remembered standing in the highway looking for a gold ring he had lost. However, the following February at the harboring trial, Jones read a statement in which he said both he and Buck had killed Humphrey.
Platte City and Dexfield Park
On July 20 around 1:00 a.m, thirteen lawmen led by Sheriff Holt Coffey, protecting themselves from expected machine gun fire with metal shields, advanced on the double cabin at the Red Crown Tourist Court in Platte City, Missouri. In the ensuing firefight Buck Barrow was shot in the head as he and Blanche ran to get inside the garage. Jones had started the V8's engine but was afraid to open the garage door, then was afraid to help Blanche drag Buck inside. As they flew toward the highway Blanche was partly blinded by shards of glass from the car's exploding windows.
Clyde drove them north two hundred miles, running for a long time on flats, then rims, the floor of the car sloshing with Buck's blood. State and federal agents tracked them north following reports of blood-soaked and burned clothes and bandages in fields and on the sides of the road. The Barrow Gang hid in a brake of trees at the edge of an abandoned amusement park outside Dexter, Iowa. They attempted to leave the park the next day but, helplessly, returned: Buck's injuries were too severe.
During the night of July 24, 1933 nearly one hundred law officers, National Guardsmen and interested, armed, mostly deputized citizens — some with dates — crept up to the edges of the field, and as the sun rose a new shootout began. Parker, Barrow and Jones were badly wounded. Buck, unable to run, was shot six more times, and he and Blanche, who would not leave him, were captured. "Half stumbling, half swimming," Jones dragged and carried Parker a mile and a half while Barrow fought away the last of the posse. Bonnie told her sister that as she and W.D. hid in the brush, their wounds dripping blood, they heard distant gunfire and then a long silence.
Bonnie began to weep and to wish they had a gun with them, so she could die with Clyde. Eventually, Barrow crawled out of the woods. Gesturing with an empty pistol he commandeered a car from a farmer and the trio escaped.
They kept driving. Throughout August they plied the back roads from Nebraska to Minnesota to Mississippi, pausing in only the smallest towns to steal fresh cars and money for gas and food. They slept in the cars, and parked in remote fields or woods or in ravines. The following winter, Barrow observed that he had not slept in a bed or even changed his clothes since his brother Buck was killed. Near the end of the month Barrow and Jones rebuilt the gang's security by robbing the armory at Plattville, Illinois of more BARs, handguns and ammunition.
Jones was as loyal a subordinate as Clyde and Bonnie could have hoped for, but he did not want to accompany them into death or even any farther into pain and fear. They were aware that Jones wanted to leave them. Nevertheless, Jones stayed until Barrow and Parker were well enough to take care of themselves without help before leaving. "I left Clyde and Bonnie after they was healed up enough to get by without me.... I'd had enough blood and hell."
According to Barrow family members, the three made their way back to West Dallas and split up there on September 7. This may have been the story Clyde and Bonnie told. According to W.D. Jones, they were forty miles outside of Clarksdale, Mississippi on the night in early September when he saw a way to escape. They had just stolen a new car and Barrow had given him $2.12 to fill its tank. Jones put in a few gallons, then drove ahead as if to find a secluded place to stop and change cars. But when he was out of Barrow's sight he turned down a country road, turned off the car's headlights, and sped up. After a few miles he left the car and fled for his mother's home in Houston.
Arrest and sentence
Jones kept a low profile after his return to Houston, picking cotton and digging vegetables on area farms to support himself. On November 16, 1933, he was arrested without incident in Houston by Dallas County deputies Bob Alcorn and Ed Caster, who drove him to the Dallas County jail. An acquaintance in Houston had identified him to police as the mystery Barrow accomplice.
It is possible that Barrow coached Jones on what to say if he was ever arrested, or that the two of them agreed on a basic theme for Jones's official story: that Clyde, Bonnie and Buck had done all the shooting and robbing and that W.D., a minor child, was an unwilling member of the gang, forced to ride with them at gunpoint, unconscious with fear or trauma most of the time, and chained to trees and car bumpers at night. Jones may or may not have had Barrow's blessing to blame every serious transgression on those who had nothing to lose, but on November 18, 1933, he relayed to Dallas police just such a story.
Dallas county possession of an important Barrow Gang member was an ace up the sleeve for the politically ambitious Sheriff Schmid, who kept Jones a secret for ten days, perhaps hoping Clyde Barrow would try to storm the jail and break Jones out. Jones for his part insisted that he was grateful to be safely behind bars. On the night of November 22 the sheriff and his deputies Alcorn, Caster and Hinton bungled an ambush of Barrow and Parker in Sowers, Texas, on the outskirts of Dallas. The Dallas press jeered loudly — even the newsboys hawked the story as "Sheriff escapes from Clyde Barrow!" — until Schmid put W.D. Jones on display. Wide-eyed and "shaking with fear," Jones met the press. His deal with Sheriff Schmid was apparent in the sensational headline, "Saw Clyde Shoot Deputy."
Jones and the sheriff agreed that he would be tried as an accessory to Clyde Barrow's January 6 murder in Dallas of Deputy Davis, which would protect him against extradition to Arkansas for the June 23 shootout on Highway 71 in which Marshal Humphrey was killed. "They tried me for killing a sheriff's man at Dallas," Jones told Playboy in 1968. "Clyde done it, but I was glad to take the rap. Arkansas wanted to extradite me, and I sure didn't want to go to no Arkansas prison. I figure now that if Arkansas had got me, one of them skeletons they've dug up there might have been me."
Jones was in the Dallas County jail on the morning of May 23, 1934, when Barrow and Parker were ambushed and killed on the Sailes-Gibsland road in north Louisiana. When reporters crowded in to tell him the news, he said, "I admit that I am relieved," and shook his head.
At his trial the following October all state witnesses recommended against the death penalty. Jones was convicted of a crime codified in 1931, "murder without malice." Though the district attorney and the prosecuting attorney recommended a sentence of 99 years, on October 12 the jury handed down a sentence of fifteen years.
In February 1935 Jones and nineteen other family members and associates of Barrow and Parker were defendants in the federal government's test-case trial en masse for "harboring." He received the maximum sentence for harboring, two years, applied to run concurrently with his Texas sentence. After six years in the Huntsville penitentiary he was paroled.
After the Barrow Gang
"There's a bullet in my chest, I think from a machine gun, birdshot in my face and buckshot in my chest and right arm." "When I tried to join the Army in World War Two after I got out of prison, them doctors turned me down because their X-rays showed four buckshot and a bullet in my chest and part of a lung blown away".
Jones lived the rest of his life in Houston, for many years next door to his mother. He married, but his wife died in the mid-1960s. He became addicted to pain-killing drugs. After 1967, the year Arthur Penn's romanticized film ignited a new generation's interest in the Barrow Gang, his arrests made the local news. Jones said of Bonnie and Clyde, "[It] made it all look sort of glamorous, but like I told them teenaged boys sitting near me at the drive-in showing: 'Take it from an old man who was there. It was hell.'" Local TV reporters had brought him to see the film.
In 1968 Jones described his life on the run with Bonnie and Clyde in a colorful interview with Playboy magazine and spoke here and there to young people warning them away from the life of crime. Later in the year he filed a petition against Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, charging that the filmmakers, who had never contacted him, had maligned his character by implying that he had played a role in the betrayal of Barrow and Parker. Nothing came of the filing.
"I've never lived it down," he said of his outlaw days. "I've tried but I guess I never will."
Death
In the early morning hours of August 20, 1974 Jones accompanied an acquaintance to a friend's home where she thought she would be given a place to sleep. The friend did not allow her in, an altercation ensued, and at 3:55 a.m. the friend shot Jones three times with a 12-gauge shotgun. "The man told police that Jones was a 'nice' person when sober but that he knew of Jones' reputation and was afraid of him." He was buried on August 22 at Brookside Memorial Park in Houston.
Date of birth
Marie Barrow, born in 1918, remembered Jones as being the same age as her brother LC, who was born in 1913, and that therefore he was not a minor in 1933. She may have confused Jones's birthday with Ray Hamilton's, May 21, 1913. In 1950 Jones filled out Social Security forms stating that he was born May 12, 1916, the same date he gave Dallas police in his November 1933 confession.
In 1968 he told Playboy he was 16 on Christmas Eve 1932 and that Clyde Barrow was seven years older than he. A news article noting an arrest in September 1973 gives his age as 59. His death certificate gives his age as 58 and lists his birthday as May 15. Since he filled out his Social Security forms himself, while a relative filled out his death certificate, it would be safe to assume that his birthday is May 12 — however, May 15, 1916, is the date on his gravestone. (NOTE added February 2015) — According to the 1920 federal census of Van Zandt County, Texas, J.Z. (James) and Tookie Jones were parents of the following children: Garrison – age 16; Slennie – age 13; Clyde – age 10; Herbert – age 7; and W.D. – age 3.
Another son, Roy Lee, was born in 1920, after the census information was taken. This supports W.D. Jones' claim of 1916 as his year of birth. He was listed as three years old as of January 15, the day the census enumerator visited.
References
Bibliography
Barrow, Blanche Caldwell, edited by John Neal Phillips (2005). My Life with Bonnie and Clyde. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. .
Bonnie and Clyde Joplin Shootout Documents. Joplin, Missouri Police Department
FBI file 26-4114, four volumes of files held by the FBI that document the pursuit of the Barrow Gang. FBI Records and Information
Guinn, Jeff (2009). Go Down Together: The True, Untold Story of Bonnie and Clyde. New York: Simon & Schuster. .
Hinton, Ted, as told to Larry Grove (1979). Ambush: The Real Story of Bonnie and Clyde. Austin, Tex.: Shoal Creek Publishers, Inc. .
Jones confession, November 18, 1933. Transcribed, W.D. Jones account. Dexter, Iowa Community Website The original transcript of the first part of Jones's confession is reproduced at FBI file 26-4114 Section Sub A, pp. 59–62. FBI Records and Information
Jones, W.D. "Riding with Bonnie and Clyde." Playboy November 1968. Transcribed, Cinetropic
Interview with Officer George B. Kahler (ret.), 1980. To Serve and Protect: A Collection of Memories (2006). Missouri State Highway Patrol, pp. 16–25.
Knight, James R. and Jonathan Davis (2003). Bonnie and Clyde: A Twenty-First Century Update. Austin, TX: Eakin Press. .
Methvin v. Oklahoma (selection). The Trial of Henry Methvin
Milner, E.R. (1996). The Lives and Times of Bonnie and Clyde. Carbondale: University of Southern Illinois Press. .
Parker, Emma Krause, Nell Barrow Cowan, and Jan I. Fortune (1968). The True Story of Bonnie and Clyde. New York: New American Library. . Originally published in 1934 as Fugitives.
Phillips, John Neal (2002). Running with Bonnie & Clyde: The Ten Fast Years of Ralph Fults. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. .
Ramsey, Winston G., ed. (2003). On The Trail of Bonnie and Clyde, Then and Now. London: After The Battle Books. .
External links
A few seconds of newsreel footage of the of February 1935.
"Rampage Road: On the Trail of Bonnie and Clyde." The Dallas News
Architectural description, floor plan and photos of the interior and exterior of the Joplin garage apartment: Application for "Bonnie and Clyde Garage Apartment." National Register of Historic Places
W.D.'s grave on video:
1916 births
1974 deaths
Depression-era gangsters
American bank robbers
American outlaws
Deaths by firearm in Texas
People from Henderson County, Texas
Barrow Gang
People from Dallas
American murder victims
People murdered in Texas
Male murder victims
People convicted of murder by Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.%20D.%20Jones |
Marymount California University was a private Catholic university in Rancho Palos Verdes, California. Originally founded by the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary (RHSM), the university awarded associate, bachelor's, and graduate degrees. The institution was accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission. The university closed in August 2022.
History
The college was established in 1932, by the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary, on Sunset Boulevard in Westwood. It began as a liberal arts college for women and was the first Catholic junior college in California. In 1947, it received accreditation as a four-year college. In 1960, a new campus was started on Palos Verdes Peninsula that included dormitories for on-campus residential living, an auditorium, dining facility, a library, and a chapel. The college’s preparation for a merger with Loyola University of Los Angeles in Westchester, was started in 1967. It separated its two-year and four-year programs. The two-year programs remained on the Rancho Palos Verdes campus and received accreditation, in 1971. In 1968, the four-year college moved to the Loyola campus. The merger was finalized in 1973, and became a new entity - Loyola Marymount University. In 1975, Marymount College moved to its present site. The Weekend College Program was added, in 1983. Accredited by Western Association of Schools and Colleges, the college offered degrees in both Associate in Arts and Associate in Science. The courses were conducted in various divisions, which include Computer Science, History, Business, Physical Education, Philosophy, Geography, Science, and Theatre Arts. Support services for students with disabilities were provided through the Learning Center.
Marymount California University was established in 1968 by the RHSM as Marymount Palos Verdes College. It was split from the original Marymount College in Westwood, Los Angeles; this Marymount later merged with St. Joseph's College and then Loyola University to form Loyola Marymount University. At the time, the college was a two-year institution of higher education. In 1975, responsibility for the college was transferred to a lay board of trustees. In 1986, the college changed its name from Marymount Palos Verdes College to Marymount College, Palos Verdes. In summer 2011, Marymount opened its Waterfront Campus in downtown San Pedro, Los Angeles. In spring 2013, Marymount changed its name from Marymount College to Marymount California University to reflect "an ongoing transformation of the 45-year-old institution of higher education to a multi-campus institution offering undergraduate and graduate degree programs." In fall 2013, Marymount opened its Lakeside Campus in the community of Lucerne in rural Lake County, California. In March 2016 the WASC Senior College and University Commission questioned the viability of a Northern California campus and it closed in 2017.
In February 2018, the university appointed trustee Brian Marcotte its new president. The sudden departure of the previous president was not fully explained.
The university announced plans in July 2021 to merge with Saint Leo University, another private Catholic university. The transition was expected to be completed by January 2023. Plans for the merger fell through and Marymount California University closed in August 2022. The Rancho Palos Verdes campus and the residential site in San Pedro were purchased by the University of California, Los Angeles.
Campuses
The Oceanview Campus encompassed 26-acres overlooking the Pacific Ocean and Catalina Island in Rancho Palos Verdes.
Residential Community included The Villas located in adjacent San Pedro, a community of fully furnished, two-story townhomes that could accommodate 400 students and staff. The center of the community had a swimming pool, fitness center, outdoor covered pavilion, beach volleyball court, basketball court and an outdoor kitchen.
Academics
Marymount California University was accredited by the WASC Senior College and University Commission. Marymount California University offered the following undergraduate degrees:
Associate in Arts
Associate in Science
Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of Science
Master of Business Administration
Athletics
The Marymount athletic teams were called the Mariners. The university was a member of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), primarily competing in the California Pacific Conference (CalPac) from 2012–13 to 2021–22. The Mariners previously competed as an NAIA Independent within the Association of Independent Institutions (AII) from 2010–11 to 2011–12.
Marymount competed in 16 intercollegiate varsity sports: Men's sports included baseball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, tennis and track & field; while women's sports included cross country, golf, soccer, softball, tennis, track & field, volleyball and beach volleyball; and co-ed sports included eSports and surfing.
References
External links
Palos Verdes Peninsula
Universities and colleges in Los Angeles County, California
Universities and colleges established in 1932
Schools accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges
Former women's universities and colleges in the United States
Catholic universities and colleges in California
Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities
California Pacific Conference schools
1932 establishments in California
2022 disestablishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marymount%20California%20University |
The Marymount Colleges are a group of colleges founded by the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary (RSHM), an institute with French origins which was founded on February 24, 1849. When the institution expanded to the United States, its members founded a series of parochial schools, called the RSHM Network of Schools, with the name "Marymount".
United States
New York
Of the American colleges founded by RSHM, Marymount College, Tarrytown, was founded first, on December 8, 1907, founded by Johanna Butler. Marymount School, a women's Catholic high school in Manhattan, was founded in 1926. In 1936, an extension of Marymount College, Tarrytown, was formed in Manhattan. It later became the co-educational college now known as Marymount Manhattan College.
The original Marymount College, Tarrytown, was consolidated with Fordham University. In fall 2005, Fordham University announced that it would close the college in June 2007. Thus, the last graduating Marymount class was the Class of 2007. In August 2007, Fordham announced, to the disappointment of many alumnae, that it would sell the Marymount campus. The university indicated that the unjustifiable and disproportionate cost of campus maintenance was the reason for closure, and that the university had already expended more on the maintenance and repair of the campus than it was even likely to recoup from its sale. On February 17, 2008, Fordham announced the sale of the campus for $27 million to EF Education, a chain of private language-instruction schools.
California
In 1923, Marymount School of Los Angeles was founded. An extension site was founded at Palos Verdes, which exists to this day as Marymount California University. Other California schools were established at Santa Barbara, Studio City, Montebello and San Jose. The four year tract of Marymount College of Los Angeles merged with the Jesuit Loyola University in 1973 and currently exists as Loyola Marymount University. Marymount High School in Los Angeles also traces its roots to the Marymount School of Los Angeles.
Virginia
In 1950, Marymount College of Virginia was founded in Arlington. The college became co-educational in 1972 and gained its university status in 1986. It currently exists as Marymount University.
Florida
In 1962, Marymount College of Boca Raton was founded. By 1971, the college had entered a transitional period; in 1974, Marymount College of Boca Raton became the College of Boca Raton. The college gained university standing under the name Lynn University in 1991.
Other
Other secondary schools and junior colleges were founded in Ferguson and Florissant, Missouri, and Rolling Meadows, Illinois.
Colombia
There are three Marymount Schools in Colombia located in the cities of Medellin, Bogota and Barranquilla. Marymount School (Colegio Marymount or Fundación Nuevo Marymount) is located in Bogota and is considered amongst the best schools in the city. It is a bilingual and Catholic school that seeks to provide an integral education for women. It has offered the International Baccalaureate since 2007.
France
Marymount School in Paris, France, is the oldest international school in Paris and is part of the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary network of Marymount schools.
The history of Marymount Paris can be traced back to 1846 when Father Jean Gailhac founded an order of Sisters in Béziers in the south of France. The objective, considered a progressive idea at that time, was the education of young women. Schools eventually opened in Portugal, England, Ireland and the United States.
Italy
Marymount International School Rome is a private Catholic co-educational school catering to students from Early Childhood (age 3) to Grade 12 located in Rome, Italy. It operates on the American school system but also offers the International Baccalaureate diploma program for its Grade 11 and Grade 12 students, as well as the Italian Esami di Stato (state exams) for the Terza Media (8th grade).
It is considered one of the best international schools in Italy. Most students later attend top world-class universities such as Brown University, Bocconi University, University of Rome I "La Sapienza", Cornell University, Harvard University, London School of Economics and Political Science, New York University.
Mexico
Colégio Marymount, Cuernavaca was founded in 1957. It is one of the biggest schools in the city and has one of the best campuses in the state of Morelos.
Canada
Quebec
There was a Marymount school in the City of Québec from the early 1950s to 1969, initially located on Mont Carmel street in Old Quebec, moving to its own large campus St. Foy.
United Kingdom
Marymount International School in London was founded in 1955.
References
External links
Marymount, Cuernavaca- Official website
Marymount, London - Official website
Colegio Marymount, Bogotá - Official website
Catholic universities and colleges in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marymount%20colleges |
The 2006 Big Ten men's basketball tournament was played between March 9 and March 12, 2006 at the Conseco Fieldhouse in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was the ninth annual Big Ten men's basketball tournament. For the third straight year, the top two seed met in the championship game. The championship was won by Iowa Hawkeyes who defeated Ohio State to win the championship. As a result, Iowa received the Big Ten's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. This marked Iowa's second tournament championship in three appearances.
Seeds
All Big Ten schools played in the tournament. Teams were seeded by conference record, with a tiebreaker system used to seed teams with identical conference records. Seeding for the tournament was determined at the close of the regular conference season. The top five teams received a first round bye.
Game summaries
Bracket
All-Tournament Team
Jeff Horner, Iowa – Big Ten tournament Most Outstanding Player
Maurice Ager, Michigan State
Greg Brunner, Iowa
Jamar Butler, Ohio State
J. J. Sullinger, Ohio State
Source:
References
External links
Official site
Big Ten men's basketball tournament
Tournament
Big Ten Conference men's basketball tournament
Big Ten men's basketball tournament
Big Ten | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Big%20Ten%20men%27s%20basketball%20tournament |
Antón González Reguera, better known as Antón de Marirreguera was the author of the first preserved literary works written in the Asturian language, the «Pleitu ente Uviéu y Mérida pola posesión de les cenices de Santa Olaya» (Dispute between Oviedo and Mérida over Saint Eulalia's Ashes), of 1639, that takes the first prize in a poetical contest dedicated to Saint Eulalie. Other works include the «Diálogu políticu» (Politician Dialogue), the fables «Dido y Eneas» (Dido and Aeneas) and «Hero y Lleandro» (Hero and Leander) and the entremeses «L'ensalmador» (The Healer, «L'alcalde» (The Mayor) and «Los alcaldes» (The Mayors).
Life
Antón González Reguera was born in the first years of the 17th century (in 1605 according to Carlos González de Posada) in Llorgozana (Carreño), in a fidalgo family. He was called Antón de Marirreguera because of his mother, María González Reguera. It is supposed that his father was named Pedro Álvarez Hevia and that he died early. Being without a father and starting religious studies, he took the family name from his mother, following the tradition (which would explain why in some documents he appears as Antonio Álvarez).
He studied Latin, Humanities and Theology in the University of Oviedo, became a priest in 1631 and took charge of some parishes in Carreño.
In the fidalgo census of this municipality he is called Antonio González Reguera, priest of Priendes between 1640 and 1644. In 1645 he appears as the priest of Albandi, but with the name of Antonio González Moñiz, taking the second family name from his uncle Xoan Moñiz who was the precedent priest in this parish.
In Albandi documents he continues to appear as the parish priest until 1661, when he is relieved by his nephew Xuan Rodríguez Reguera. He does not appear in the fidalgo census of 1662, so it is supposed that he died between 1661 and 1662.
Works
Antón de Marirreguera had been known as a writer since his days at university and his works became very popular when he was alive. However, most of them are lost today. According to González Posada, Antón de Marirreguera himself asked his nephew to burn some of his papers just before his death, because he did not want it to be said that a priest "amused himself doing this sort of thing".
Some titles of his lost works are known, for example «Los impuestos» (The taxes), «Padrenuesu» (Holy Lord), «Razonamientu ente Xuan Moñiz y Pero Suare» (Argument between Xuan Moñiz and Pero Suare) and «Décimes» (Décimas). «Píramo y Tisbe» could also be added, but the assignation of the version collected by Xosé Caveda y Nava is in doubt.
The first edition of his works was made by González Posada, who published the «Pleitu ente Uviéu y Mérida» and the first octave of «Dido y Eneas» in Memorias Históricas del Principado de Asturias y Obispado de Oviedo (Historical Memories of the Asturian Principality and the Oviedo Diocese) of 1794.
Later, Xosé Caveda y Nava included these two poems in his Colección de poesías en dialecto asturiano (Collection of Poems in Asturian Dialect) in 1839, adding «Hero y Lleandro», «Píramo y Tisbe», «Diálogu políticu» and «L'ensalmador».
The most complete edition is Xulio Viejo's 1997 one, titled «Fábules, Teatru y Romances» (Fables, Theater and Romances). In his introduction, he disputes the assignation to Marirreguera of the fable called "Píramo y Tisbe", collected by Caveda. Xulio Viejo thinks it is possible that this work had been written by Benito de l'Auxa, although it is known that Marirreguera had written another one with the same title.
In May 2000, the Selmana de les Lletres asturianes (Week of Asturian Letters) was dedicated to Antón de Marirreguera and his work. With this motive, an adaptation of «L'ensalmador» was performed, arranged by Lluis Antón González and directed by Xulio Vixil.
References
García, Antón (1994). Lliteratura Asturiana nel tiempu. Principáu d'Asturies.
Ramos Corrada, Miguel (dir.) (2002). Historia de la Lliteratura Asturiana. Academia de la Llingua Asturiana.
External links
Bibliographical registry of asturian authors; It includes Marirreguera's biography, complete bibliography and list of manuscripts (in Asturian language)
Caveda y Nava Project, with the text of five Marirreguera's preserved works (in Asturian language)
El sombreru de virxiliu. Webpage with the Marirreguera's biography, some bibliography and the text of the “Pleitu ente Uviéu y Mérida poles cenices de Santa Olaya” (in Asturian language)
Asturian language
People from Asturias
Asturian culture
University of Oviedo alumni
1605 births
1660s deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B3n%20de%20Marirreguera |
A glass-ceramic-to-metal seal is a type of mechanical seal which binds glass-ceramic and metal surfaces. They are related to glass-to-metal seals, and like them are hermetic (airtight).
Properties
Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline ceramic materials prepared by the controlled crystallization of suitable glasses, normally silicates. Depending on the starting glass composition and the heat-treatment schedule adopted, glass-ceramics can be prepared with tailored thermal expansion characteristics. This makes them ideal for sealing to a variety of different metals, ranging from low expansion tungsten (W) or molybdenum (Mo) to high expansion stainless steels and nickel-based superalloys.
Glass-ceramic-to-metal seals offer superior properties over their glass equivalents including more refractory behaviour, in addition to their ability to seal successfully to many different metals and alloys. They have been used in electrical feed-through seals for such applications as vacuum interrupter envelopes and pyrotechnic actuators, in addition to many applications where a higher temperature capability than is possible with glass-to-metal seals is required, including solid oxide fuel cells.
Process
In the formation of a glass-ceramic-to-metal seal, the parts to be joined are first heated, normally under inert atmosphere, in order to melt the glass and allow it to wet and flow into the metal parts, in much the same way as when preparing a more conventional glass-to-metal seal. The temperature is then normally reduced into a temperature regime where many microscopic nuclei are formed in the glass. The temperature is then raised again into a regime where the major crystalline phases can form and grow to create the polycrystalline ceramic material with thermal expansion characteristics matched to that of the particular metal parts.
Examples
The white opaque "glue" between the panel and the funnel of a colour TV cathode ray tube is a
devitrified solder glass based on the system --. While
this is a glass-ceramic-to-glass seal, the basic patent of S.A. Claypoole considers
glass-ceramic-to-metal seals as well.
References
(devitrified solder glass)
Seals (mechanical)
Industrial processes
Glass applications
Glass compositions
Glass engineering and science
Glass-ceramics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass-ceramic-to-metal%20seals |
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