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Edward C. Lawson was an African American civil rights activist, who was the respondent in the case of Kolender v. Lawson, , in which the United States Supreme Court ruled that a California statute authorizing a police officer to arrest a person for refusing to present identification was unconstitutionally vague.
Personal life
Aside from his landmark supreme court case, very few biographical details are known about Lawson, a man described by the Los Angeles Times as "mysterious, even secretive". Reportedly he was a vegetarian, and claimed that he was entirely sober, refusing all drugs and alcohol. He avoided discussing "exactly how he makes a living".
Civil rights case
Lawson is a protagonist in Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1983), a significant civil rights case.
This case is of historical importance not only because the California statute was voided, but also because it is one of the few examples of an ordinary citizen successfully representing himself all the way through a U.S. District Court. Lawson received political support at the time from prominent Black leaders including Jesse Jackson, activist/comedian Dick Gregory, U.S. Congresswoman Maxine Waters D-Los Angeles, U.S. Congressman John Conyers D-Detroit.
In 1983, Carl Stern, the CBS Evening News U.S. Supreme Court reporter commented that this case was the most reported U.S. Supreme Court case that year. Stern was referring to front-page newspaper articles in The New York Times, The Washington Post, Chicago Tribune, The Miami Herald, Los Angeles Times as well as articles in Newsweek, Time, Fortune, The Village Voice and other news publications. Additionally, Lawson made repeated appearances on The Oprah Winfrey Show, The Phil Donahue Show, Larry King Live, Crossfire, The Ricki Lake Show, The Today Show, and Good Morning America.
Harvard University law professor Laurence Tribe commented during an appearance on The Oprah Winfrey Show that this case was the last time that the U.S. Supreme Court had decided in favor of a defendant in a civil rights case of this magnitude.
California Penal Code § 647(e) was repealed by the California Legislature in 2008.
See also
Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada
Kolender v. Lawson
Police misconduct
Racial profiling
Stop and identify statutes
Contempt of cop
Driving while black
Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy
Notes
External links
Edward C. Lawson—official website
U.S. Supreme Court video story
Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1983)
Jon Shane, author
1921 Tulsa Race Riot -- CNN
1921 Tulsa Race Riot -- OSU Library
2009-2011 Newark NJ
Activists for African-American civil rights
Year of birth missing (living people)
Homelessness activists
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20C.%20Lawson
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C. Malcolm Parry (born c. 1938) is a Welsh architect, professor emeritus, and TV/radio broadcaster.
Early life
Parry was born in Blaenavon, left school at the age of 15 and trained as a Mining Surveyor. He intended to attend university to study Civil Engineering but was encouraged by the then Head of Architecture at Cardiff University to study architecture. Parry was later employed by the university to teach and carry out research.
Employment at Cardiff University
Parry is a former Head of the Welsh School of Architecture at Cardiff University, which he led from 1997 until his retirement. In his teachings Parry showed a particular interest in the aspect of light in architecture, evident in the Architectural Practice Group of which he was director. The research group studies the processes of architectural design, including construction law, economics, process and the strategic management of estates. The group has links with the RIBA. Research into the design process includes the production of a Design Manual for Wales.
TV appearances
Parry has presented several programmes about architecture on BBC television, for example On the House, as well as BBC Radio Wales programmes Building on the Past and Work Matter.
In 1999 he devised and progressed The House for the Future project in conjunction with the BBC, which resulted in a TV series about the construction of the building, which he presented.
In the first series of Building on the Past, Parry visited the towns of Newport, Newtown, Blaenavon, Carmarthen, Criccieth and Machynlleth, and in the second series Anglesey, Swansea, Presteigne, Lampeter, Merthyr, and Haverfordwest, relating the history of each town to its architecture.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Welsh architects
Academics of Cardiff University
People from Blaenavon
Architecture academics
20th-century Welsh architects
21st-century Welsh architects
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm%20Parry
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Barbara W. Leyden (18 December 1949 – 4 February 2006) was an American palynologist and paleoecologist.
Leyden earned her Ph.D. from Indiana University in 1982. She conducted her research and taught at University of South Florida and frequently wrote about climate change in the late Pleistocene era in the western hemisphere.
External links
Barbara Leyden website via University of South Florida
2006 deaths
Indiana University alumni
University of South Florida faculty
1949 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20W.%20Leyden
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Jalopy Go Far is the second release from the pop rock band, Zolof the Rock & Roll Destroyer. Several tracks appeared on the self-titled debut, but were re-recorded for this release. Additionally, "Plays Pretty for Baby" was re-recorded with different lyrics as "Super OK."
Track listing
Mean Old Coot
Super OK
Moment
The Hot Situation
Wonderful Awkward
How Bout It
I Owe You
Don't Mope
Scream and Run
Running Starts Will Only Get You Faster to the Place That Will Make You Say Ouch
2003 albums
Zolof the Rock & Roll Destroyer albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalopy%20Go%20Far
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Alex "Izzy" Izykowski (born January 26, 1984) is an American short track speed skater. He competed in the 2006 Winter Olympics of Turin in the 1500m, and was also part of the bronze medal winning 5000m relay.
References
Alex's U.S. Olympic Team bio
External links
1984 births
American male short track speed skaters
Living people
Short track speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in short track speed skating
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
American male speed skaters
21st-century American sportsmen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Izykowski
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Gillian Mary Apps (born November 2, 1983) is a women's ice hockey player. Apps was a member of the Canadian National Hockey Team that won back to back Gold Medals in three consecutive Olympic Games.
As a psychology major at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States, Apps was a member of her college's ice hockey team, competing in ECAC women's ice hockey. She was a member of the Canada women's national ice hockey team, winning gold medals at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. She was also a winner of gold medals with Team Canada at the 2004 and 2007 World Ice Hockey Championships, and silver medals in that event in 2005, 2008, 2009, 2011 and 2013.
Apps was a member of the Brampton Thunder in the Canadian Women's Hockey League until 2015 at which point she announced her retirement from professional women's hockey. Apps resides in Unionville, Ontario.
Playing career
She graduated from Havergal College in Toronto in 2001, and played for the Toronto Aeros. During the 2000–01 NWHL season, Apps played with the Beatrice Aeros and finished tied for fifth in league scoring with 42 points. In 2001–02, Apps was a member of the Beatrice Aeros and won the Ontario senior women's hockey championship.
At the first National Women's Under-18 Hockey Challenge in 2001 at Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Apps was the captain of the gold medal winning Ontario Red squad. She made Canada's national women's team only months later, as an 18-year-old.
As a freshman with the Dartmouth Big Green women's ice hockey program in 2002, Apps accumulated 22 goals, 13 assists and 35 points. Apps ranked fourth on the Big Green in scoring. She was on an All-Freshman line with Tiffany Hagge and Cherie Piper.
On October 21, 2012, Apps would score the game-winning goal in a 4-3 overtime win against the Toronto Furies. The goal provided Florence Schelling with the first win of her CWHL career, which was also her CWHL debut.
On August 30, 2015 Apps completed the Muskoka Ironman triathlon in just under 15 hours. In September 2015 she retired from the Canadian women's team, after sitting out the 2014-2015 season from both the national team and her CWHL team, the Brampton Thunder. Apps finished her national team career with 50 goals and 50 assists for an even 100 points in 164 games, and ranks second all-time on the Canadian team in penalty minutes behind Hayley Wickenheiser with 255. She is involved with She Swings She Scores, a joint initiative between the Ontario Women's Hockey Association and the Golf Association of Ontario to encourage girls to take up golf as well as hockey.
Coaching career
In the autumn of 2016, Apps joined Katie King's coaching staff with the Boston College Eagles women's ice hockey program.
Career stats
Dartmouth
Hockey Canada
Awards and honours
Honorable mention All-Ivy selection (2003)
ECAC Hockey League Player of the Week on Nov 3, 2003
ECAC Hockey League Player of the Week on Nov 24, 2003
Named All-Ivy League second team (2004)
Named Honorable mention All-ECAC Hockey League (2004)
2006–07 ECAC Coaches Preseason All-League Selection
2006–07 ECAC Media Preseason All-League Selection
ECAC Player of the Year (2007)
ECAC First-Team all-league honors (2007)
New England Hockey Writers Most Valuable Player (2007)
Top 10 Finalist for 2007 Patty Kazmaier Award
Personal life
Apps attended William Berczy Public School in Unionville, Ontario. Apps also participates in snowboarding, wakeboarding, golf, and soccer. She grew up playing girls hockey in the Greater Toronto Area, and attended Havergal College where she excelled as a female athlete. Prior to the 2010 Olympics, Apps worked at the Royal Bank of Canada in an Olympians program, where she was called upon to meet clients or give motivational speeches to employees.
Apps is the granddaughter of Canadian professional ice hockey player for the Toronto Maple Leafs from 1936 to 1948, and Hockey Hall of Fame member Syl Apps, and the daughter of Canadian retired professional ice hockey centre Syl Apps Jr., who played 10 seasons in the National Hockey League for the New York Rangers, Los Angeles Kings and Pittsburgh Penguins. Her brother Syl Apps III was signed as a free agent by the Toronto Maple Leafs on July 22, 1999, although he never played a game with the Maple Leafs. Her sister, Amy was a member of the Canadian National women's soccer team and an OUA All Star in 1998 and 1999. Her cousin, rower Darren Barber, won a gold medal in the men's eight at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona as a member of the Canadian team. Barber also competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, where he finished 4th. Apps's sister-in-law is Meaghan Sittler, whose father Darryl Sittler competed in the NHL. She is the aunt to a nephew named Sawyer.
On April 17, 2012, Apps (along with Meghan Agosta, Caroline Ouellette, Courtney Birchard, and head coach Dan Church) took part in the opening face off of the playoff game between the Ottawa Senators and the New York Rangers at ScotiaBank Place.
On September 22, 2018, Apps married American women's hockey player Meghan Duggan. Their son, George, was born on February 29, 2020. They then have a daughter, Olivia, one year later.
References
External links
Dartmouth College biography for Gillian Apps
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation biography for Gillian Apps
1983 births
Brampton Thunder players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian women's ice hockey centres
Dartmouth Big Green women's ice hockey players
Havergal College alumni
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
LGBT ice hockey players
Canadian LGBT sportspeople
Living people
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic ice hockey players for Canada
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Ice hockey people from North York
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillian%20Apps
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Dahlem can refer to:
Dahlem (Berlin), a district of Berlin, part of the borough Steglitz-Zehlendorf
Dahlem, North Rhine-Westphalia, a municipality in western Germany
Dahlem, Rhineland-Palatinate, a municipality in south-western Germany
Dahlem, Lower Saxony, a municipality in northern Germany
Dalem Konferenzen, a workshop series in Berlin
See also
Dalem (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahlem
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The (EOI) () are a nation-wide network of publicly funded language schools in Spain that are found in most substantial towns. They are dedicated to the specialized teaching of modern languages, not just Spanish as a second or foreign language but any modern language for which there is a significant demand. The EOIs are centers that are both funded and managed by the regional education authorities of the various Autonomous communities of Spain, and they are framed within the non-university special regime, which facilitates subsidized or grant-assisted access and support to suitable candidates.
Foreign students of all levels of competence are welcome, and may enroll locally at the advertised times (usually in September). However, to ensure suitable placement, prospective students are often required to provide documentary evidence of their level of educational achievement. This should ordinarily be a certificate recognized in their country of origin, but in exceptional cases, a testimonial from a former teacher can be sufficient.
History
The first school opened in Madrid in 1911 under the name Escuela Central de Idiomas, which from the outset included English, French, and German in its curriculum. In the 1911 enrollment appear the names of several notable people including Maria de Maeztu Whitney, Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz and Carmen de Burgos. The study of the Spanish language for foreigners and the teaching of Moroccan Arabic were introduced the following year. Soon afterwards Italian, Portuguese and Esperanto were added.
This first school was located in a ducal property owned by the Countess of Medina and Torres, No. 3 in . The then-Ministry of Public Instruction paid the Countess six thousand pesetas for rent, which corresponds to approximately 20,000 Euros in early 21st century spending power.
Although the school had roughly equal numbers of male and female students in its earliest years, after about 1918, the number of women enrolled began to consistently exceed that of men. It is also noteworthy there were no examination standards until the end of the fourth year.
During the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera the school was attached to the Complutense University of Madrid, and during the civil war, classes were suspended. In 1957, the introduction of Russian language courses into the school took place. The Russian teacher at that time recounted that during the first years, there would usually be a secret policeman present in her classes, who left about a month after starting the course.
The new regime of enseñanza libre was introduced in 1960, meaning that students no longer had to start with the beginner's class, but were rather given the opportunity to prove their pre-existing knowledge in order to immediately access classes of a higher competence level. This measure contributed to further growth in student numbers, with the number of teachers being more than doubled in 1964.
Due to the high demand, three new schools in Barcelona, Valencia and Bilbao were created in September 1964. They respectively were opened from 1966 to 1971. These schools were all called Escuelas Oficiales de Idiomas, marking the birth date of the nation-wide EOI network.
In 1965, Chinese was introduced. In 1968, four other Schools were created in Alicante, A Coruña, Málaga and Zaragoza. From the 1970s onwards, other languages of Spain were added, such as Catalan, Valencian, Basque, and Galician. In 1982, four more Schools were created in Burgos, Ciudad Real, Murcia and Salamanca, bringing the total number of establishments up to twelve.
Following the restoration of democracy in 1978, the direction of the individual "EOIs" was transferred to the various departments of education of their respective autonomous communities, which expanded and developed the service according to their different regional needs and policies, with only a loose national framework in place. It has been argued that inconsistent standards caused by this arrangement have led to EOI certificates becoming less competitive next to private and international institutes. Nevertheless, the network grew substantially in the following decades, and as of 2020 consists of more than 300 Escuelas Oficiales and Aulas adscritas.
Regulation
In Spain, studies of the Official Language School (EE.OO.II.), are regulated by Organic Law 2/2006 of Education, Royal Decree 806/2006 of 30 June, establishing the calendar Application of the new organization of the education system and Royal Decree 1629/2006, of 29 December, by fixing the basics of teaching curriculum of specialized language regulated by Organic Law 2/2006, of May 3, Education. This standard replaces the previous (BOE of 10 September, Sorting corresponding to the first level of the specialized language), by Royal Decree 1523/1989 of 1 December (BOE of 18 December, Content first Minimum level of Foreign Language Teaching Specialist) and by Royal Decree 47/1992 (minimum content of the first level of the Spanish languages). They stated that each language studies were divided into two cycles:
Elemental Cycle (3 courses, minimum 120 hours each).
Superior Cycle (2 courses, 120 hours minimum each).
The Organic Law 2/2006 on Education (LOE) modifies this situation, adapting to the current scheme of three levels:
Basic level (equivalent to A2 of the Common European Framework of Reference)
Intermediate (equivalent to B1 of the Common European Framework of Reference)
Advanced Level (equivalent to B2 of the Common European Framework of Reference )
In practice, some regions (Andalusia, Catalonia and Navarra) have created curricula of five years to impart the teachings of the three levels while others have opted Communities plans six years, with two years at each level. The same law equates the old certificate with the Elemental Cycle Intermediate Certificate and Certificate of Proficiency old with the new Advanced Level Certificate.
Some regions, such as La Rioja and the Balearic Islands, have also implemented levels C1 and C2 in some languages.
Names of levels might change following the recently passed Organic Law of Education LOMCE. Schools all over Spain follow in their curricula the descriptions given by the CEFR and teach from A1 to B2 or up to C1 or C2.
Number of EOIs
The schools are dependent on each Autonomous Community. The number of schools in each community as of 2020 is as follows:
Andalucía (52)
Aragón (12)
Asturias (8)
Cantabria (3)
Castilla-La Mancha (13 with 4 extensions)
Castilla y León (14)
Catalonia (45)
Ceuta and Melilla (1 each)
Extremadura (9)
Galicia (11)
Madrid (30 with 5 extensions)
Murcia (5 with 3 extensions)
Navarra (3)
Valencia (24)
Balearic Islands (6 with 3 extensions)
Canary Islands (22)
País Vasco (15)
La Rioja (3 with 4 extensions)
Prerequisites
The prerequisite to enter an EOI is to have completed the first of the two cycles of secondary education in Spain or the equivalent abroad. Spain is the only country in the European Union offering this kind of public education and issues official certificates for it.
Subjects
The 22 languages offered vary according to school size. Many small schools only have courses in English, French and German, though Italian and Portuguese are also frequently offered. Regional languages like Catalan or Galician are usually only taught in their respective communities.
Arabic
Catalan
Chinese
Danish
Dutch
English (North-American and British)
Euskera
Finnish
French
Galician
German
Greek
Irish
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Polish
Portuguese
Romanian
Russian
Spanish for foreigners
Swedish
Some EOI offer also summer courses and programs specialized in translation, writing, business or law.
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
educacionyfp.gob.es Information and news regarding the Escuelas Oficiales de Idiomas (in Spanish)
EOI Jesus Maestro, Madrid
Schools in Spain
Language schools
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escuela%20Oficial%20de%20Idiomas
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Clenchwarton is a village, civil parish and electoral ward in the English county of Norfolk. It is located about west of the River Great Ouse, about from the town of King's Lynn on the east side of the river.
History
Clenchwarton's name is of Anglo-Saxon origin and derives from the Old English for a hill dweller's farmstead or settlement.
In the Domesday Book, Clenchwarton is recorded as an abandoned village with no recorded population in the hundred of Freebridge. The village was part of the estates of William d'Ecounis. The abandonment of the village was likely the result of the Norman reprisals in retaliation for the Ely Rebellion of 1070, led by Hereward the Wake.
The village was also surveyed by the Victorian traveller, John Marius, in the 1870s. He wrote the following about the village in the Imperial Gazetteer: "church is old but good. There are a N.Methodist chapel, and a national school."
Geography
In the 2011 Census, Clenchwarton was recorded as having a population of 2,171 residents living in 963 households.
In the 2021 Census, Clenchwarton was recorded as having a population of 2,223 residents, an increase of 0.24%.
Clenchwarton falls within the constituency of North West Norfolk and is represented at Parliament by James Wild MP of the Conservative Party.
St. Margaret's Church
Clenchwarton's parish church is of Norman origin and is dedicated to Saint Margaret of Scotland. The church was significantly remodelled in the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Nineteenth Centuries and is Grade II listed. One of the main features of the church is a stained glass window installed by Hardman & Co. in the 1920s depicting Mary Elizabeth Townsend.
Clenchwarton is also home to a Methodist Church which still hosts regular services.
Amenities
Most local children attend the local Clenchwarton Community Primary School which is part of the West Norfolk Academies Trust. The school was rated 'Good' by Ofsted in 2017.
The local convenience store can be located on Main Road, just opposite the Primary School. Currently the shop is owned by Morrisons. Former owners include Coop, McColl's, Budgens and Spar. The store contains a good selection of groceries, newspapers, greetings cards, alcohol and tobacco. The shop also has a Post Office inside.
The village is home to Clenchwarton Football Club which hosts several youth and adult teams. The first XI compete in the North-West Norfolk Saturday League.
The village is also home to a lawn bowls team.
Transport
Clenchwarton Railway Station opened in 1866 as part of the Lynn and Sutton Bridge Railway and was eventually closed in 1959.
War Memorial
Clenchwarton has two war memorials located inside St. Margaret's Church and on the nearby 'Peace Cottages'.
It lists the following 17 names for the First World War:
Private Alfred Beaumont (d.1917), 2nd Battalion, Essex Regiment
Lance-Corporal Arthur W. Benton (1895-1918), 9th Battalion, Duke of Wellington's Regiment
Driver Herbert E. Chamberlain (1890-1915), Royal Army Service Corps
Sapper Harry Coates (d.1919), 287th (Army Troops) Company, Royal Engineers
Private Ralph Coates (d.1918), 1st (City of London) Battalion, London Regiment
Driver Alfred H. Collison (d.1917), 83rd Brigade, Royal Horse Artillery
Stoker Harry Coy (1865-1917), HMS Vanguard
Private William H. Haynes (1898-1918), 11st Battalion, Suffolk Regiment
Private Joseph Howard (1893-1918), 7th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
Private Sydney E. Killingsworth (d.1918), 2nd Battalion, Northamptonshire Regiment
Gunner William E. Killingsworth (d.1917), 177th Brigade, Royal Field Artillery
Lance-Corporal Charles A. Maycraft (1895-1916), 1st Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
Private George E. Maycraft (1898-1917), 1/5th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
Private Alfred E. Meek (1897-1918), 2/6th Battalion, Manchester Regiment
Private Walter S. Meek (d.1915), 7th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
Private Henry W. Peake (d.1916), 6th Battalion, Border Regiment
Private Samuel G. Vincent (1886-1917), 6th Battalion, Royal East Kent Regiment
And, the following for the Second World War:
Private Arthur G. Compertz (1903-1940), Royal Army Service Corps
Private Cecil V. Hare (d.1942), 30th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
Gunner Ernest F. W. Wake (1920-1942), 2nd Regiment, Royal Horse Artillery
Pilot-Sergeant Russell E. Fuller (1923-1943), No. 77 Squadron RAF
Leading-Aircraftman Ernest G. Usher (d.1946), Royal Air Force
And, the following for the Cyprus Emergency:
Private Clifford J. Gosling (1936-1956), 1st Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
References
External links
Villages in Norfolk
King's Lynn and West Norfolk
Civil parishes in Norfolk
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clenchwarton
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The Doug Mitchell Thunderbird Sports Centre (formerly UBC Winter Sports Centre, also known as UBC Thunderbird Arena) is a LEED Silver certified indoor arena in Greater Vancouver, on the campus of the University of British Columbia. Located in the University Endowment Lands, it is just outside the city limits of Vancouver, British Columbia. The arena is home to the UBC Thunderbirds men's and women's ice hockey teams, and contains one international-size 61 m × 30 m (200 ft × 98.4 ft) ice rink.
The facility was built around an older ice hockey facility, the historic Father Bauer Arena, which opened in October 1963. This was named after the late Father David Bauer, who, together with Bob Hindmarch, established Canada's first national hockey team at UBC in 1963 in preparation for the 1964 Winter Olympics. The UBC Thunderbird Arena replaced the Father Bauer Arena as the home of the UBC Thunderbirds ice hockey team. It is also the practice facility for Vancouver's NHL team, the Vancouver Canucks.
The main ice rink has 7,500 seats and can expand to 8,000 for concerts. The other rinks are Father Bauer Arena and Protrans Arena with spectator capacities of 980 and 200, respectively.
Construction began in April 2006 with the refurbishment of the Father Bauer Arena and the addition of a new practice arena. The new stadium arena was opened on July 7, 2008.
On August 21, 2009, the Thunderbird Sports Centre was renamed Doug Mitchell Thunderbird Sports Centre in honour of Doug Mitchell, an UBC alumnus, lawyer, and amateur and professional sports leader.
2010 Vancouver Olympics
The venue was used for several men's and women's ice hockey at the 2010 Winter Olympics, and was used for sledge hockey in the 2010 Winter Paralympics.
Davis Cup
The venue was used in Canada's first round draw against France in the Davis Cup in February 2012, and it was used again in February and April 2013 when Canada faced Spain and then Italy.
2014 Special Olympics Canada Summer Games
The 2014 Special Olympics Canada Summer Games were held in Vancouver and the university was the host venue for the competition being held from July 7 to 13, 2014. The Games featured athletes with an intellectual disability from across the country competing in eleven sports, ten of which were also qualifiers for the 2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games in Los Angeles, California, United States.
Notable Events
Fall Out Boy - Believers Never Die Tour Part Deux - 11 April 2009
The Wiggles - Go Bananas! Live In Concert - 9 October 2009
Sesame Street Live - Elmo's Healthy Heroes - 6-7 August 2011
Sesame Street Live - Elmo Makes Music - 21-22 July 2012
Bassnectar - Fall Tour 2012 - 27 October 2012
The Wiggles - The Celebration Tour! - 28 October 2012
Sesame Street Live - Elmo Makes Music - 21-22 December 2013
Sesame Street Live - Let's Dance - 10-11 December 2014
Sodagreen - Meet again World Tour - 20 September 2015
A-Mei - Utopia World Tour - 29 November 2016
Joker Xue - Skyscraper World Tour - 3 November 2018
The 1975 - Music for Cars Tour - 26 April 2019
JoJo Siwa - D.R.E.A.M. The Tour - 20 August 2019
Olivia Rodrigo - Sour Tour - 7 April 2022
Avril Lavigne - Bite Me 2022 Canada Tour - 24 May 2022
5 Seconds of Summer - Take My Hand World Tour - 11 June 2022
Carly Rae Jepsen - The So Nice Tour - 29 October 2022
Jim Gaffigan - Dark Pale Tour - 15 January 2023
Nav - Never Sleep '23 Tour - 12 March 2023
Keshi - Hell & Back Tour - 1 April 2023
Lewis Capaldi - Broken by Desire to Be Heavenly Sent Tour - 25 April 2023
Jackson Wang - Magic Man World Tour - 30 April 2023
Kali Uchis - Red Moon In Venus Tour - 23 May 2023
A Boogie wit da Hoodie - Me Vs. Myself Tour - 10-11 June 2023
Jimmy Carr - Terribly Funny Tour - 24 June 2023
Louis Tomlinson - Faith in the Future World Tour - 26 June 2023
Charlie Puth - Charlie the Live Experience - 3 July 2023
Lil Yachty - Field Trip Tour - 21 October 2023
References
External links
Official website
Vancouver Canucks
Indoor arenas in British Columbia
Indoor ice hockey venues in Canada
Venues of the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic ice hockey venues
Sports venues in Vancouver
Tennis venues in Canada
University of British Columbia
University sports venues in Canada
UBC Thunderbirds
2008 establishments in British Columbia
Sports venues completed in 2008
Basketball venues in Canada
Badminton venues
Badminton in Canada
Tennis in British Columbia
National Hockey League practice facilities
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderbird%20Sports%20Centre
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By the end of 2006 there were about 15 hybrid vehicles from various car makers available in the U.S. By May 2007 Toyota sold its first million hybrids and had sold a total of two million hybrids at the end of August 2009.
Comparisons
Below is a comparison of the Toyota hybrid models.
Note: Miles per gallon estimates are those provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and are the 2008 revision of the original numbers.
Hybrid access to US HOV lanes varies by US state. Factors can include total/average miles per gallon rating from the EPA, type of technology used, and/or date of vehicle registration with the relevant state authorities. (Several states have begun restricting HOV lane access by hybrid and clean-fuel vehicles due to crowding.)
Traction battery power is the amount of power available from the electric portion of the powertrain without the aid of the internal combustion engine (ICE). This is generally limited by the traction battery rather than the electric motor(s).
See also
Hybrid Synergy Drive
Hybrid electric vehicles in the United States
List of hybrid vehicles
Notes
References
External links
about.com hybrid comparison
allabouthybridcars comparison
Hybrid Synergy Drive movie from Toyota
United States Environmental Protection Agency Fuel Economy Site
2016 Toyota Prius Specifications Revealed
"Evaluation of the 2007 Toyota Camry Hybrid Synergy Drive system" from Oak Ridge National Laboratory has an extensive comparison between the 2004 Prius and 2007 Camry Hybrid systems
Comparison
Toyota engines
Hybrid electric cars
Toyota
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20Toyota%20hybrids
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Thomas Christian Weller (born 4 November 1980) is a German former professional footballer who plays as a left midfielder or left-back for FC Romanshorn.
Career
Weller joined FC St. Gallen on 24 October 2007.
He moved to SC Brühl in 2014 to FC United Zürich in 2015, and to FC Kosova Zürich in 2017. He continued his career in the Swiss lower leagues with FC Uster and FC Romanshorn.
Personal
His father Hanjo Weller previously worked as Head Scout by FC Vaduz.
References
External links
football.ch profile
1980 births
Living people
German men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football fullbacks
TSV 1860 Munich II players
FC Winterthur players
FC Vaduz players
FC Schaffhausen players
Stuttgarter Kickers players
FC St. Gallen players
FC Wohlen players
SC Pfullendorf players
Swiss Super League players
Swiss Promotion League players
Swiss Challenge League players
Regionalliga players
German expatriate men's footballers
German expatriate sportspeople in Liechtenstein
Expatriate men's footballers in Liechtenstein
German expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Weller
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Dammarie-lès-Lys (; officially Dammarie-les-Lys) is a commune in the south-eastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region from the center of Paris.
History
During the French Revolution, Dammarie-lès-Lys (meaning "Dammarie near the [Royal Abbaye of] Lys") was temporarily renamed Dammarie-les-Fontaines (meaning "Dammarie the fountains") due to the royal symbolism of the fleurs de lis and the religious connotation of the name.
Dammarie-les-Lys existed (in a different form) beforehand but is mentioned in the tenth century. The village consisted of several hamlets: Dammarie-les-Lys, and Farcy Vosves-lès-Lys. The city contains the ruins of the Royal Abbey of Lys, Cistercian abbey for women, founded in 1251 by Blanche of Castile and Saint Louis. Its construction began in 1244 and ended around 1253 on a former vineyard parcel. In 1252, Blanche of Castile y made his last alms. The abbey was sacked by the revolutionaries to 1793. Sold in 1797, it continued to decay despite the various restorations undertaken.
Dammarie-les-Lys definitely enter the twentieth century with the emergence of the industry on its land.
The Delatre & Frouard foundry was built in 1911 by Pierre Broker and inaugurated in 1917. It was located at the site of the former foundry Frébault. In 1949 she changed into the mill. Final closure intervened in 1965. This company is born a set of houses built after World War II in 1919.
Confectionery and chocolate company Jacquin was inaugurated in 1872. It was located on Avenue de Chailly. The company was sold to the Perrier group in 1962 and a corporate merger took place in 1968 with a move to Le Mee-sur-Seine in 1971. His final closure intervene in 1980.
The plant was built in 1927, though closed in 1996.
In 1959, a ministerial decree establishes the priority urbanized area (ZUP) of the Plaine du Lys 2359 homes are built from 1965 to 1973. Louis Arretche architect who officiated in the northern districts of Melun, is the Chief planner. It gathers today almost half of the inhabitants of the city. The first buildings are cantoned around the abbey and the site of the ancient cities of Frouard Delattre factory from 1972. Rather than rehabilitating the district mayor of the time preferred to build a set of buildings like the neighboring towns while the industrial sector was already in decline with the permanent closure of Delattre and foundries Frouard (+/- 800 pers.) in 1965, Ideal Standard (+/- 1200 people) in 1975 and the relocation of the confectionery Jacquin in 1971.
In 1997, the area of the Plaine du Lys experiencing violent riots following the death of a young resident (Abdelkader Bouziane) during a police intervention. In 2002, two other young men of the city, Xavier Dem and Mohamed Berrichi, décédèrent two days apart, were investigated by the police. Then, a long legal and media battle between the municipality and the association Bouge move followed in particular, which was the subject of a report on Canal + in the broadcast 90 minutes. Alternately OPHLM, then the town and its mayor Jean-Claude Mignon, were sentenced after legal action brought by the association Bouge moves.
Demographics
Inhabitants of Dammarie-lès-Lys are called Dammariens.
Transport
Dammarie-lès-Lys is served by Vosves station on the Transilien Paris – Lyon suburban rail line .
It is also served by Melun station, which is an interchange between Paris RER line , Transilien , and several national rail lines. This station is located at the border between the communities of Dammarie-lès-Lys and Melun, on the Melun side of the border.
Cultural heritage
Dammarie features the ruins of a typical Cistercian architecture abbey from the thirteenth century. It was destroyed during the Hundred Years War, rebuilt, and partly destroyed again during the French Revolution. This monument has been labeled Monument historique.
The Vives-Eaux Castle, situated in the South of the town, lodges the Star Academy France show.
See also
Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department
Baron Barlatier de Mas, mayor of Dammarie-lès-Lys (1848–1874)
Jean-Claude MIGNON, mayor (1986-2014)
Twin towns - sister cities
Dammarie-lès-Lys is twinned with:
Montebelluna, Italy, since 1987
Tata, Hungary, since 1993
Arcos de Valdevez, Portugal, since 1999
Eppelheim, Germany, since 1996
References
External links
Town Hall
1999 Land Use, from IAURIF (Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris-Île-de-France région)
Communes of Seine-et-Marne
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dammarie-l%C3%A8s-Lys
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{{Infobox webcomic|
| title = Arbit Choudhury
| image =
| caption = A comic strip portraying Arbit Choudhury
| author = Shubham Choudhury and Hemantkumar Jain
| url =
| status =
| began = 2004
| ended =
| genre = Business school, Coming of age
| ratings =
}}Arbit Choudhury is a coming of age webcomic run in the format of a comic strip from India.
Plot
The plot of each strip revolves around the protagonist named "Arbit Choudhury" who is an MBA student. Choudhury is a common Indian surname while the word "Arbit" refers to the arbitrary ways of the protagonist. The strip deals with the campus life of a B-school student, replete with jargon and has Arbit Choudhury making mockery of management concepts and theories. He is characterised as a student with big dreams and bigger mouth, studying at a leading business school. Each strip is carried in a single panel and is not serialised (that is, each strip is complete in itself).
Development
The webcomic and its protagonist were created by Shubham Choudhury and Hemantkumar Jain in 2004, then students at NITIE, Mumbai. It was initially created to serve as a mascot to the online contest MastishK' 04, which is part of Prerana, the inter-collegiate youth festival of the institute. In the subsequent years, competitions were held among the students of various B-schools, to identify good ideas for the comic strip, in addition to the ideas generated by the creators themselves. The concept of a comic strip revolving around the life of a B-school student proved successful at the festival and this led to its transformation into a webcomic.
Awards Arbit Choudhury'' was awarded with the Manthan Award for demonstrating how ICT could be used as an effective marketing tool.
References
External links
Bombay Times dated 18 October 2005 - when A meets B A supplement from Times of India
Making of Arbit Choudhury
Listing at Onlinecomics.net
Interview of Creators
2000s webcomics
School webcomics
Coming-of-age webcomics
Student culture in India
2004 webcomic debuts
Indian webcomics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbit%20Choudhury
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Kronenburg or Kronenbourg may refer to:
Places
Kronenburg, a town subsumed into Dahlem, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Kronenburg, Suriname, a village in Suriname
Loenen-Kronenburg, a former Dutch municipality
Other uses
Kronenbourg 1664, French or German beer produced by Kronenbourg Brewery
Kronenburg B.V., fire-service vehicles manufacturer, based in Wanroij, Netherlands
Kronenburg tram stop, in Amstelveen, Netherlands
See also
Cronenberg (disambiguation)
Kronenberg (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronenburg
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Dahlem is a municipality in the district of Euskirchen. It has the lowest population density and population of all municipalities of in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Eifel hills, approx. 35 km south-west of Euskirchen. The small medieval town Kronenburg is part of the municipality.
Geography
Dahlem is located in the northern Eifel region in the High Fens – Eifel Nature Park between Blankenheim in the Northeast and Stadtkyll the southwest. The Kyll flows through the region from the Glaadtbach. The Heidenköpfe lie in the Ripsdorfer forest to the east.
References
External links
Municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia
Euskirchen (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahlem%2C%20North%20Rhine-Westphalia
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Anthony Lefroy (1800 – 12 January 1890) was an Irish Conservative Party MP in the United Kingdom Parliament.
He was born in Dublin, the eldest son of politician and jurist Thomas Langlois Lefroy, was educated at Trinity College and studied law at the King's Inns (1820) and Lincoln's Inn (1822).
He was MP for Longford from 1830 to 1832, and again from 1833 to 1837 (he lost the seat at the 1832 general election and was returned after an election petition). He returned to the seat in 1842–1847, when he was declared elected after a petition challenging the result of the 1841 general election. He was appointed High Sheriff of Longford for 1849–50. He then represented his father's old seat, the University constituency of Dublin University, from 1858 to 1870. In 1870 he accepted the Chiltern Hundreds and left Parliament.
He died at Carrickglass in 1890. He had married the Hon. Jane King, daughter of Robert King, 1st Viscount Lorton. They had one son, who predeceased him, and two daughters. His estates passed to his brother, Thomas, who himself died the next year.
References
Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Vol. I 1832-1885, edited by Michael Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
External links
1800 births
1890 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Members of Lincoln's Inn
Irish Conservative Party MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Longford constituencies (1801–1922)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Dublin University
Politicians from County Dublin
UK MPs 1830–1831
UK MPs 1831–1832
UK MPs 1832–1835
UK MPs 1835–1837
UK MPs 1841–1847
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs 1865–1868
UK MPs 1868–1874
High Sheriffs of Longford
Alumni of King's Inns
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Lefroy%20%28Irish%20politician%29
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Regret is a negative conscious and emotional reaction to personal past acts and behaviors.
Regret or Regrets may also refer to:
Music
Regret (album), an album by Japanese music production unit I've Sound
Regrets (EP), an EP by Cesium137
"Regret" (New Order song), 1993
"Regret" (LeToya Luckett song), 2009
"Regret" (Mai Hoshimura song), 2008
"Regret" (The Gazette song), 2006
"Regret", a song from Fiona Apple's album The Idler Wheel...
"Regret", a song from St. Vincent's self-titled album
"Regret" (Everything Everything song), 2015
"Regrets" (Mylène Farmer and Jean-Louis Murat song), 1991
"Regrets" (James Brown song), 1980
"Regrets", a song from Jay-Z's debut album Reasonable Doubt
"Regrets", a song from Ben Folds Five's album The Unauthorized Biography of Reinhold Messner
"Regrets", a song from the Eurythmics' album Touch
"Regrets", a song from Reks' album Straight, No Chaser
Other uses
Regret, Tennessee, a former unincorporated community in the United States
Regret (Halo), one of the Prophets from the game of Halo 2
Regret (decision theory), the ratio or difference between the actual payoff and the best one
Regret (horse) (1912–1934), a champion racehorse
Regret Stakes, an American Throughbred horse race
Regret (1814 ship)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regret%20%28disambiguation%29
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Vysokopetrovsky Monastery (), also translated as High Monastery of St. Peter, is a Russian Orthodox monastery in the Bely Gorod area of Moscow, commanding a hill whence Petrovka Street descends towards the Kremlin.
The monastery is believed to have been founded around the 1320s by Saint Peter of Moscow, the first Russian metropolitan to have his see in Moscow. The cloister gave its name to adjacent Petrovka Street, one of the streets radiating from Red Square.
In the late 17th century, the Naryshkin boyars, maternal relatives of Peter the Great, turned the monastery into their family burial place. They had it reconstructed in the Naryshkin Baroque style of architecture associated with their name. In the mid-18th century, several subsidiary structures were added, possibly based on designs by Dmitry Ukhtomsky or Ivan Fyodorovich Michurin.
The katholikon, dedicated to St Peter of Moscow, was long regarded as a typical monument of the Naryshkin style and dated to 1692. In the 1970s, however, detailed studies of written sources and excavations of the site revealed that the katholikon actually had been built in 1514–1517 by Aloisio the New.
After the monastery was closed down by the Soviet authorities in 1929, Archimandrite Bartholomew Remov arranged for the monks and nuns to continue their monastic life in secret at the Nativity Church at Putinki, where he was the Rector. The spiritual life of the monastery continued at Putinki until the NKVD was informed and arrested everyone involved in 1935.
In 1992 several buildings of the monastery were returned to the Russian Orthodox Church. As of 2005, the buildings are shared by the Russian Orthodox Church and the Moscow Literature Museum.
Structures
Cathedral of St Peter (1517).
Church of Our Lady of Bogolyubovo (with a refectory) (1687)
Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh (with a refectory) (1694)
Church of St. Pachomius the Great above the monastery gates (1755)
Church of the Tolga icon of the mother of God (1750)
Church of the Intercession above the monastery gates, with a belltower. (1694)
Church (former chapel) of Our Lady of Kazan (inside the former gates under the belltower).
References
External links
Vysokopetrovsky Monastery official web-site, in Russian
Monasteries in Moscow
Russian Orthodox monasteries in Russia
Religious organizations established in the 1320s
Christian monasteries established in the 14th century
14th-century establishments in Russia
Tverskoy District
Cultural heritage monuments of federal significance in Moscow
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vysokopetrovsky%20Monastery
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KPV is a heavy machine gun.
KPV or kpv may also refer to:
KPV Kokkola or Kokkolan Palloveikot, an association football club from Kokkola, Finland
Kashipur Junction railway station's Indian Railway station code
Komi-Zyrian language's ISO 639 code
Perryville Airport's IATA code
KPV LV, a political party in Latvia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KPV%20%28disambiguation%29
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Aporé is a municipality in southwest Goiás state, Brazil. The municipality is a large producer of cattle. Aporé belongs to the Southwest Goiás Microregion.
Geography
Aporé is 445 quilômetros from the state capital, Goiânia, near the boundary with the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. It is linked by highways BR-060 / Guapó / Indiara / Rio Verde / GO-174 / GO-422 / GO-206 / Caçu / GO-178 / Itajá / GO-302. (Source: Sepin) It is part of the Sudoeste de Goiás Microregion. Municipal boundaries are with Serranópolis, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Itajá, and Chapadão do Céu.
The climate is tropical humid, with average temperatures between 20 °C and 30 °C. The average elevation is 500 meters above sea level. Important rivers are the Aporé, which forms the boundary between the states of Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul, the Corrente, the Peixe and the Prata.
Districts, Villages, and Hamlets
Villages: Itumirim
Demographics
Population density in 2007: 1.23 inhabitants/km2
Population growth rate 1996/2007: 0.41.%
Total population in 2007: 3,554
Total population in 1980: 2,764
Urban population in 2007: 2,291
Rural population in 2007: 1,263
The economy
The main economic activity is cattle raising (210,000 head) and agriculture. The main crops in 2006 were corn and soybeans.
Industrial units: 5
Retail units: 43
Financial institutions: Banco do Brasil S.A. (August/2007)
Dairies: Laticínios Aporé Indústria e Comércio Ltda. (22/05/2006)
GDP in 2005 (R$1,000.00): 43,314
GDP per capita in 2005 (R$1.00): 12,376
Motor vehicles
Automobiles: 281
Pickup trucks: 77
Number of inhabitants per motor vehicle: 10
Main agricultural products in ha.(2006)
corn: 400
soybeans: 2,000
Farm Data (2006)in ha.
Number of farms: 311
Total area: 322,905
Area of permanent crops: 322
Area of perennial crops: 17,835
Area of natural pasture: 214,147
Persons dependent on farming: 713
Health and education
The infant mortality rate was (for every 1,000 born alive): 2000—23.82
(IBGE 2002) while the literacy rate was 2000—85.4%
(IBGE 2002)
In 2006 there were 4 schools with 949 students. There was 1 hospital with 23 beds.
The Municipal Human Development Index was 0.752, ranking Aporé 72 out of 242 municipalities in the state and 1,827 out of 5,507 municipalities in the country.
History
The history of Aporé begins in the twentieth century near a site where a village, Arraial do Corrente, already existed. With the decadence of this settlement rancher João Nunes founded a settlement nearby on the banks of the Aporé River. Lands were donated to erect a chapel to the Divino Espírito Santo and a bridge was built over the river, allowing communications with Mato Grosso. In 1938 the first houses appeared and the village was named Aporé after the river, a name which means "river of fish". In 1958 Aporé became a municipality.
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
Microregions of Goiás
References
Frigoletto
Municipalities in Goiás
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apor%C3%A9
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Sugar Hill Records was an American record label specializing in hip hop music that was founded in 1979 by husband and wife Joe and Sylvia Robinson with Milton Malden and funding from Tony Riviera and Morris Levy, the owner of Roulette Records.
History
Joe Robinson had parlayed a music publishing company that he established years before in New York into Red Robin, Fury, Fire, Enjoy, All Platinum, Stang, Vibration, and Turbo Records before establishing the Sugar Hill label. Artists included his wife Sylvia Robinson, of Mickey & Sylvia fame (who had success in the 1950s with "Love Is Strange"), The Moments ("Love on a Two Way Street"), Brother to Brother, Shirley and Company ("Shame Shame Shame").
Beginnings
The Sugar Hill label's first record was "Rapper's Delight" (1979) by The Sugarhill Gang, which was also the first top 40 hip hop single. Afterwards Super Wolf, The Sequence, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, Funky Four Plus One, Crash Crew, Treacherous Three, and the West Street Mob, joined the label. R&B group The Positive Force released record from Sugar Hill Records also. Sugar Hill's in-house producer and arranger was Clifton "Jiggs" Chase. The in-house recording engineer was Steve Jerome.
Success
They enjoyed several years of success. Sylvia produced several music videos and a young Spike Lee making his first music video for the song "White Lines" (performed by Melle Mel and the Furious Five).
Sold out
A distribution deal with MCA Records ended up in protracted litigation, and, finally, the label closed down in 1986. In 1995, Rhino Records purchased all the released and unreleased masters owned by the Sugar Hill label, covering the Americas and Japan, with Castle Communications (now known as Sanctuary Records, a division of BMG Rights Management) taking the international rights. In 2002, the company's Sugar Hill Studios (originally called "Sweet Mountain Studios") in Englewood, New Jersey was destroyed by a fire. "Rapper's Delight", "The Message", and many other Sugar Hill hits were recorded there. Master tapes from the All Platinum years, as well as Sugar Hill recordings, were reportedly destroyed in the fire.
Label overviews
Old School Rap – The Sugar Hill Story (To the Beat Y'all) (3-CD, 1993, Sequel Records)
The Best of Sugar Hill Records (1-CD, 1994, Hot Classics)
The Message: The Story of Sugar Hill Records (4-CD, 1994, Castle Music) [UK Only]
The Sugar Hill Records Story (5-CD+12", 1997, Rhino Records) [re-released in 1999 without the 12-inch]
The Best of Sugar Hill Records (1-CD, 1998, Rhino Records) [different compilation than above]
See also
List of record labels
Sugar Hill Records (hip hop label) discography
References
American hip hop record labels
Record labels established in 1979
Record labels disestablished in 1986
Post-disco record labels
New Jersey record labels
Englewood, New Jersey
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar%20Hill%20Records%20%28hip%20hop%20label%29
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Congham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is situated some east of the town of King's Lynn and west of the city of Norwich.
History
Congham's name is of Anglo-Saxon origin and derives from the Old English for a farmstead or homestead built upon a mound.
In the Domesday Book of 1086, Congham is recorded as a settlement of 54 households located in the hundred of Freebridge. The village was divided between the estates of William de Warenne and Berner the Bowman.
Congham Oil Mill was built in the village in 1797 and was used to process whale carcasses into oils and other products. The whales were brought to Congham from King's Lynn.
In 1973, remains of a Roman villa were discovered close to Congham. Several artefacts were recovered from the site and are now exhibited in King's Lynn Museum.
Geography
According to the 2011 Census, Congham is a settlement of 241 residents living in 116 households.
Congham falls within the constituency of North West Norfolk and is represented at Parliament by James Wild MP of the Conservative Party.
The River Cong rises close to the village and joins the River Babingley close to Hillington.
Congham railway bridge
From the late 19th century, the Congham area was served by the Lynn & Fakenham Railway, later part of the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway. A railway bridge at Congham was designed by the M&GNJR engineer William Marriott, pioneering an innovative system of reinforced concrete components and blockwork. In 2021, National Highways infilled the bridge with hundreds of tonnes of aggregate and concrete, but without planning permission. The railway route had been identified as part of a proposed footpath and cycleway between King’s Lynn and Fakenham, and in January 2023 King's Lynn and West Norfolk Borough Council demanded that National Highways submit a retrospective planning application. National Highways' retrospective planning application received 280 objections.
St. Andrew's Church
Congham's parish church is of Norman origin and dedicated to Saint Andrew. St Andrew's features a 13th-century example of a font made from Purbeck Marble.
Notable residents
Robert Elwes - English painter and traveller
Sir Henry Spelman - English antiquarian
Henry Spelman - English soldier, colonist and abductor of Pocahontas
Sir John Spelman - English historian and politician
War memorial
Congham's war memorial takes the form of a paper Roll of Honour located in St. Andrew's Church. It lists the following names for the First World War:
Second-Lieutenant William R. C. Ffolkes (1898-1917), 1st Battalion, King's Royal Rifle Corps
Able-Seaman Richard Smith (d.1917), 6th (Howe) Battalion, Royal Naval Division
Gunner William Goodburn (d.1917), 76th Brigade, Royal Field Artillery
Private Horace Rallison (1897-1917), 8th Battalion, Middlesex Regiment
Private Thomas A. Harper (1875-1917), 1/5th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
Private Edward Smith (1890-1917), 7th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
Herbert Coomber
E. H. Griff
Fred Smith
And the following for the Second World War:
Major John H. Elwes (1906-1940), 2nd Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
Leading-Seaman Stanley R. Mason (1911-1942), HMS Arethusa
Private Wilfred Utteridge (1915-1941), 8th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
References
External links
Villages in Norfolk
King's Lynn and West Norfolk
Civil parishes in Norfolk
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congham
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Hellenthal is a municipality in the district of Euskirchen in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Eifel hills, near the border with Belgium, approx. 30 km south-west of Euskirchen and 40 km south-east of Aachen.
The village of Reifferscheid, part of the municipality of Hellenthal, is dominated by the ruins of Reifferscheid Castle, the seat of a medieval principality, see Salm. Another village within the municipality, Blumenthal, features ironworks industry area.
References
External links
Municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia
Euskirchen (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenthal
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A Streetcar Named Desire is an opera composed by André Previn in 1995 with a libretto by Philip Littell. It is based on the play of the same name by Tennessee Williams.
The opera received its premiere at the San Francisco Opera, September 19 – October 11, 1998. It was conducted by André Previn and directed by Colin Graham, with sets by Michael Yeargan. It quickly developed into one of the most widely played contemporary operas. The original production was released on CD and DVD.
Cast
Blanche DuBois – Renée Fleming
Stanley Kowalski – Rod Gilfry
Stella Kowalski – Elizabeth Futral
Harold "Mitch" Mitchell – Anthony Dean Griffey
Eunice Hubbell – Judith Forst
Steve Hubbell – Matthew Lord
Newspaper Collector – Jeffrey Lentz
The Mexican – Josepha Gayer
Pablo Gonzales – Luis Oropeza
The Doctor – Ray Reinhardt
The Nurse – Lynne Soffer
Reception
In a review of the premiere in The New York Times, Bernard Holland observed: A Streetcar Named Desire is so operatic as a play that one wonders why more than 50 years have passed since its Broadway opening with no opera of note being made of it. ... The new setting of Tennessee Williams's play, with music by André Previn and a libretto by Philip Littell, answered a few questions and asked others.... First of all, it sings very well. Mr. Previn has a fine ear for voices. He knows how to flatter and coax it and send it gracefully from one musical episode to the next ... one had the impression that Mr. Previn had been writing for the musical theater all his life.
Regarding the music, Holland noted: There are angry clashes of harmony and key, many Straussian gestures, sweet-as-honey popular melody and the kinds of corporate noodling and mumbling among the strings native to a Ligeti or a Penderecki. Mr. Previn is not ashamed to incorporate Hollywood code words, especially the wailing thrusts of saxophone, trumpet and clarinet to introduce dissolution and lurid sex.
Holland commented on the principal singers as follows: [A]s beautifully as Renée Fleming sings and as assiduously as she pursues the part, she leaves a hole in the opera that nothing around it can fill. Ms. Fleming does everything an opera singer can do, but I am not sure that Blanche is a character that opera can ever reach. As Stanley in a baritone part, Rodney Gilfry sings strongly and summons the necessary physical menace. Elizabeth Futral made Stella a satisfying operatic character (and) Anthony Dean Griffey sang touchingly and surely in the tenor role of Mitch.
Other reviews have criticized the lengthy libretto (reportedly the Williams estate required a close following of the play), and music that does not advance the characters or action, and does not much suggest New Orleans of the 1940s. A shorter version was produced in San Francisco in 2007.
Other performances
Subsequent U.S. performances of A Streetcar Named Desire were given in New Orleans (1999–2000); San Diego (2000); Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, and Austin, Texas (2002); University of Kentucky Opera Theatre (2003), Virginia Opera and Lyric Opera of Chicago (2013), St. Louis (2014), Kentucky Opera and Cleveland (2015), Hawaii Opera Theatre (2017), and Opera Company of Middlebury (2018).
The European premiere took place at the Opéra national du Rhin, Strasbourg, France. The opera had its London premiere in June 2003 in a semi-staged version at the Barbican, with the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Prévin. Much of the original cast reprised their roles, and Janice Watson replaced Elizabeth Futral as Stella.
Opera Ireland presented the work in November 2006 in Dublin. Theater an der Wien, Vienna, performed the opera in 2007, with a cast including Janice Watson as Blanche, Teddy Tahu Rhodes as Stanley, Mary Mills as Stella and Simon O'Neill as Mitch. The Australian premiere, directed by Bruce Beresford, was produced by Opera Australia in August 2007 with Yvonne Kenny as Blanche, Teddy Tahu Rhodes as Stanley, Antoinette Halloran as Stella, and Stuart Skelton as Mitch.
Other performances have been given at the Theater St. Gallen, Switzerland; Giessen, Germany; Turin, Italy; and Tokyo, Japan. In 2017 the first performance in any language other than the original English was given in German at Stralsund and Greifswald (Theatre of West Pomerania), conducted by Florian Csizmadia and staged by Horst Kupich.
References
Further reading
: Movie for the stage? Zu André Previns Opern. In: Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 69/1 (2012), pp. 51–64.
Frédéric Döhl: About the Task of Adapting a Movie Classic for the Opera Stage: On André Previn’s A Streetcar Named Desire (1998) and Brief Encounter (2009). In: Frédéric Döhl & Gregor Herzfeld (eds.): In Search of the Great American Opera: Tendenzen des amerikanischen Musiktheaters, Münster 2016, .
Philip C. Kolin: Williams. A Streetcar Named Desire. Cambridge 2000, pp. 166–174.
Lawrence Kramer: "The Great American Opera: Klinghoffer, Streetcar, and the Exception". In: The Opera Quarterly 23/1 (2007), .
David McKee: A Streetcar Named Desire. André Previn. In: The Opera Quarterly 16/4 (2000), p. 718–723.
Sam Staggs: When Blanche Met Brando. The Scandalous Story of A Streetcar Named Desire. New York 2005, pp. 304–319.
External links
San Diego OperaTalk! with Nick Reveles: A Streetcar Named Desire
, Lyric Opera of Chicago 2013: Renée Fleming, Susanna Phillips, Teddy Tahu Rhodes, Anthony Dean Griffey; Evan Rogister conducting
Operas by André Previn
English-language operas
1998 operas
Operas
Operas set in the United States
Operas based on plays
Opera world premieres at San Francisco Opera
Plays set in New Orleans
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Streetcar%20Named%20Desire%20%28opera%29
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Graham Media Group (formerly Post-Newsweek Stations) is the television broadcasting subsidiary of the Graham Holdings Company. It is now headquartered in Detroit, co-locating with its local NBC affiliate WDIV-TV, after spending 10 years in Chicago.
History
The origins of Graham Media can be traced to 1944, when The Washington Post began its broadcasting activities with its purchase of WINX radio in Washington, D.C. Four years later the newspaper's parent firm, the Washington Post Company, announced its intention to acquire controlling interest in a rival station, WTOP radio from CBS. The two firms formed a joint venture known as WTOP Incorporated, with the Post holding 55 percent and CBS maintaining the balance (45 percent). The Post sold wholly owned WINX but retained its FM adjunct WINX-FM, which became the original WTOP-FM when the sales became final in 1949. In 1950 WTOP Inc. purchased WOIC, Washington's CBS television affiliate, and changed that station's call letters to WTOP-TV. This Post-CBS joint venture is the direct predecessor of Graham Media Group.
CBS was forced by the Federal Communications Commission to sell its remaining interest in WTOP Inc. in 1954. The Post then merged its Washington stations with recently purchased WMBR-AM-TV in Jacksonville, Florida and changed the company's name to Post Stations, Inc. WMBR radio was later sold off (it is now WQOP); the Post then changed WMBR-TV's calls to WJXT. The company was rechristened as Post-Newsweek Stations, Inc. after the Post acquired Newsweek magazine in 1961. From 1961 to 1962, Post-Newsweek held 46% ownership with San Diego television station KFSD-TV (later KOGO-TV) with the investment firm of Fox, Wells & Rogers owning 54%. Post-Newsweek declined to acquire full ownership of KOGO-TV (now KGTV) and the venture ended in when the station was sold to the broadcasting division of Time-Life in 1962.
Post-Newsweek made its first purchase in 1969, with the acquisitions of WCKY radio in Cincinnati and WLBW-TV in Miami; the TV outlet was renamed WPLG after the former Washington Post publisher Philip Graham, who committed suicide in 1963. WTOP-FM in Washington was donated to Howard University in 1971 and became WHUR-FM soon after. In 1974, the company added WTIC-TV in Hartford, Connecticut, changing its calls to WFSB upon taking over.
In the wake of a panic swap of WTOP-TV (now WUSA) to the (Detroit) Evening News Association for its WWJ-TV (now WDIV) in 1978, followed by the sale of both radio stations later in the year, the Post decided to spin off their broadcasting interests into a company of its own. The Post-Newsweek name itself would later spread to the Post-owned cable operations (now known as Cable One and a company identical in structure to Post-Newsweek Stations). During the 1970s and 1980s, the stations tended to have vaguely similar on-air looks, along with the common slogan "The One & Only Channel/TV (number)"; some of the stations continue to use this or a variant as a slogan.
In 1992, Post-Newsweek bought the now-defunct Detroit regional sports station PASS Sports from former Detroit Tigers owner and Domino's Pizza founder Tom Monaghan. On April 22, 1994, the Texas stations of H&C Communications, KPRC-TV in Houston and KSAT-TV in San Antonio were acquired. The company has not expanded elsewhere in Texas, and notably, it has only operated in a maximum of six TV markets since the acquisition.
Post-Newsweek nearly expanded to seven stations in 2008, when it offered to purchase NBC-owned WTVJ, creating a duopoly with WPLG. The sale was cancelled however, due to lack of FCC approval and poor economic conditions at that time, along with local reaction against media consolidation.
2013–present: The post-Post-Newsweek era
The Post-Newsweek Stations group was not involved in the sales of Newsweek to Sidney Harman in August 2010, and of the Washington Post to Jeff Bezos in October 2013, after which the Washington Post Company was renamed Graham Holdings Company. Graham's station group continued to operate under the Post-Newsweek name until July 28, 2014, when it was announced that it would be renamed Graham Media Group.
In March 2014, Graham announced that it would sell WPLG to Berkshire Hathaway, in exchange for a large majority of Berkshire Hathaway's shares in Graham Holdings. Berkshire Hathaway and its chairman, Warren Buffett, had been longtime stockholders in the company. The acquisition closed on June 30, 2014; Berkshire Hathaway entered into agreements with Graham to continue providing WPLG with the station group's centralized services following the sale.
On May 27, 2016, Graham announced that as part of the acquisition of Media General by Nexstar Broadcasting Group, it would acquire Nexstar's The CW affiliate WCWJ in Jacksonville (forming Graham's first-ever duopoly, with WJXT) and Media General's NBC affiliate WSLS-TV in Roanoke, Virginia, as part of divestitures tied to the sale.
Stations
Stations are arranged in alphabetical order by state and city of license.
Current stations
Former stations
Television
Radio
Notes
References
External links
Television broadcasting companies of the United States
Companies based in Detroit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Media%20Group
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The Buffalo is a wheeled mine resistant ambush protected (MRAP) armored military vehicle built by Force Protection, Inc., a division of General Dynamics. It is the largest vehicle in Force Protection's line-up, followed by the Cougar MRAP and the Ocelot light protected patrol vehicle (LPPV).
History
The Buffalo vehicle was designed based on the successful South African Casspir mine-protected vehicle. The Casspir is a four-wheeled vehicle, while the Buffalo has six wheels. Buffalo is also fitted with a large articulated arm, used for ordnance disposal. Both vehicles incorporate a "V" shaped monohull chassis that directs the force of the blast away from the occupants.
Buffalo is also now equipped with BAE Systems' LROD cage armor for additional protection against RPG-7 anti-tank rounds.
Glass armor is sufficient at 6 inches thickness. Run-flat tires are mounted on all six wheels. The Buffalo combines ballistic and blast protection with infrared technology to detect the presence of dangerous ordnance and a robotic arm to disable the explosive ordnance. Personnel operate the Buffalo’s 30-foot robotic arm and claw from within the armored hull via a mounted camera and sensory equipment, to safely dispose of mines and IEDs.
In 2004, the United States had a limited number of Buffaloes in service, with an order for 15 more, at a cost of $10 million. On June 6, 2008 Force Protection, Inc delivered its 200th Buffalo to the U.S. Military.
In 2009 Force Protection started producing the A2 version, with major changes in the Axle Tech rear axles, Cat C13 engine, Cat CX31 transmission, and suspension, along with additional upgrades to the HVAC system, hood and front bumper. The easiest way to identify an A1 version from the A2 version is that the front bumper of the A2 has a larger profile. The last Buffalo A2 MRAP truck 795 was completed in June 2014. Force Protection was acquired by General Dynamics Land Systems (GDLS) in 2011 for $350 million.
Variants
Buffalo H
Buffalo A2
Operators
– 200 A1 version and approximately 450 A2 version
– 5 plus an additional 10 for delivery in 2009. 19 in service in Afghanistan. Canada ended its mission in Afghanistan in 2011 and is no longer in use in Afghanistan.
– 5 vehicles
– 20 Cougar JERRV (Buffalo Explosive Ordnance Disposal version) received from US under Coalition Support Fund in 2010.
– 18 vehicles used in Afghanistan, no longer in service.
Notable appearances in media
The Buffalo appeared as the vehicle mode of the Decepticon Bonecrusher in the movie Transformers (2007), and in the sequel, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. Production designer Jeff Mann stated, "We found this image of a mine-sweeping vehicle that had a huge arm with what appeared to be a fork on the end. So we called the people who owned it, hoping there was a chance we could rent it or buy it, but when we got the data, it turned out the fork was only wide—they had totally cheated the whole thing in Photoshop.... We had to make an appliance to fit over the existing arm, that wouldn’t bounce around too much because it was about wide."
Buffalo vehicles and JERRVs are used by the Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) team in the television show Bomb Patrol Afghanistan.
See also
MRAP (armored vehicle)
Buffel
Casspir
Kamaz Typhoon
Ural Typhoon
Wer’wolf MKII
RG-33
Gallery
References
External links
Buffalo series ForceProtection.net
Buffalo MPCV EOD Technical Data Sheet and Pictures Army Recognition
Armored personnel carriers of the United States
Military engineering vehicles of the United States
Military vehicles introduced in the 2000s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20%28mine%20protected%20vehicle%29
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Restoration War may refer to:
Boshin War or the Japanese Meiji Restoration War (1868–1869)
Portuguese Restoration War (1640–1668)
Dominican Restoration War
fr:Guerre de Restauration
pt:Guerra da Restauração (desambiguação)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restoration%20War
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Sugar Hill Records is an American bluegrass and Americana record label.
It was founded in Durham, North Carolina in 1978 by Barry Poss and David Freeman, the owner of County Records and Rebel Records. Poss acquired full control of Sugar Hill in 1980 and owned the label until 1998, when he sold it to the Welk Music Group, owner of Vanguard Records. Poss stayed on as president, and in 2002 was promoted to chairman. Sugar Hill remained in Durham until 2007, when Poss moved the label to Nashville, Tennessee.
Among the many notable artists who have released albums on the label are Nickel Creek, Doc Watson, Townes Van Zandt, Ricky Skaggs, Guy Clark, Robert Earl Keen, Sam Bush and Dolly Parton. One of Parton's albums for Sugar Hill, Halos & Horns (2002), included a song called "Sugar Hill", which she wrote as a tribute to the label. In 2008, Welk Music Group appointed EMI as distributor of its labels including Sugar Hill.
In 2006, Sugar Hill executive Barry Poss won a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Americana Music Association.
The label was acquired by Concord Bicycle Music in April 2015.
It is not related to the hip hop label of the same name.
Grammy Awards for Best Bluegrass Album
1992 – Spring Training, Carl Jackson and John Starling
1994 – Waitin' for the Hard Times to Go, Nashville Bluegrass Band
1995 – The Great Dobro Sessions, Jerry Douglas and Tut Taylor (producers)
1996 – Unleashed, Nashville Bluegrass Band
1997 – True Life Blues: The Songs of Bill Monroe, Todd Phillips (producer)
2001 – The Grass Is Blue, Dolly Parton, Steve Buckingham (producer) and Gary Paczosa (engineer/mixer); Parton's first release on the label
2006 – The Company We Keep, Del McCoury Band
Other Grammys
2002 – "Shine", from Little Sparrow, Dolly Parton, Best Female Country Vocal Performance
2003 – This Side, Nickel Creek, Alison Krauss (producer), and Gary Paczosa (engineer/mixer), Best Contemporary Folk Album
2006 – Fiddler's Green, Tim O'Brien, Best Traditional Folk Album
2007 – "Whiskey Before Breakfast", from Not Too Far from the Tree, Bryan Sutton and Doc Watson, Best Country Instrumental Performance
2010 – "Hummingbyrd" from Ghost Train: The Studio B Sessions, Marty Stuart, Best Country Instrumental Performance
2016 — Undercurrent, Sarah Jarosz, Best Folk Album
Roster
Terry Allen
Acoustic Syndicate
Pat Alger
Mike Auldridge
Austin Lounge Lizards
Bad Livers
Riley Baugus
Black Prairie
Byron Berline
Alan Bibey
Blue Rose
Boone Creek
Sarah Borges
Ronnie Bowman
John C. Reilly
Brother Boys
Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown
Sam Bush
BlueRidge
California
Chesapeake
Guy Clark
Dudley Connell
Country Gentlemen
John Cowan
Dan Crary
Mike Cross
Rodney Crowell
The Deep Dark Woods
Grey DeLisle
Don Dixon
Donna the Buffalo
Jerry Douglas
Casey Driessen
John Duffey
The Duhks
Jonathan Edwards
Sara Evans
Jeff Bridges
Cathy Fink
Front Range
The Gibson Brothers
Good Ol' Persons
The Gourds
Pat Green
The Greencards
David Grisman
Aubrey Haynie
Chris Hillman
Hot Rize
Randy Howard
Walter Hyatt
Infamous Stringdusters
Carl Jackson
Wanda Jackson
Sarah Jarosz
Jewel
Joey + Rory
Marti Jones
Kathy Kallick
Robert Earl Keen
King Mackerel
Kukuruza
Barbara Lamb
Sonny Landreth
Grey Larsen
Laurel Canyon Ramblers
Doyle Lawson & Quicksilver
Albert Lee
Lonesome River Band
Lonesome Standard Time
Mike Marshall & Chris Thile
Kathy Mattea
Del McCoury Band
James McMurtry
Metamora
Scott Miller
Jim Mills
Moe
Allison Moorer
Jimmy Murphy
Mutual Admiration Society
Nashville Bluegrass Band
Bobbie Nelson
Willie Nelson
Tara Nevins
New Grass Revival
Nickel Creek
Mollie O'Brien
Tim O'Brien
Maura O'Connell
Osborne Brothers
David Parmley
Dolly Parton
Tom Paxton
Johnny Paycheck
Herb Pedersen
Positive Force
Dirk Powell
Psychograss
Railroad Earth
Ranch Romance
Reckless Kelly
Red Clay Ramblers
Red Stick Ramblers
Lou Reid
Tony Rice
Don Rigsby
Peter Rowan
Kevin Russell's Junker
Martha Scanlan
Darrell Scott
Seldom Scene
Sammy Shelor
Ricky Skaggs
Connie Smith
Corey Smith
Kenny Smith
John Starling
Marty Stuart
Bryan Sutton
Sweethearts of the Rodeo
Chris Thile
Trapezoid
Greg Trooper
Uncle Kracker
Uncle Walt's Band
Sally Van Meter
Townes Van Zandt
Sean Watkins
Doc Watson
Merle Watson
Don Williams
Brian Wright
Lee Ann Womack (Former, transferred to ATO Records)
See also
List of record labels
Welk Music Group
Ranwood Records
Vanguard Records
1978 in music
1998 in music
References
External links
Official website
Record labels established in 1978
Folk record labels
American country music record labels
Music of North Carolina
Bluegrass record labels
Companies based in Durham, North Carolina
American independent record labels
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar%20Hill%20Records%20%28bluegrass%20label%29
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USS George W. Ingram (DE-62/APD-43) was a in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1947. In 1967, she was transferred to Taiwan, serving as Kang Shan until being scrapped in 1979.
History
George W. Ingram was named in honor of Seaman George Washington Ingram (1918–1941), who was killed in action during the Japanese attack on the Hawaiian Islands. She laid down on 6 February 1943 at the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard, Inc., in Hingham, Massachusetts; launched on 8 May 1943, sponsored by Mrs. James L. Ingram, mother of Seaman Second Class Ingram, and commissioned on 11 August 1943.
World War II, 1943–1945
After shakedown off Bermuda, George W. Ingram departed New York on 13 October for convoy escort duty in the Atlantic. Steaming via the West Indies, she escorted a supply convoy to North Africa, where she arrived at Algiers, Algeria, on 7 November. She departed four days later, as convoy escort, and returned via the West Indies and the Panama Canal Zone to New York, arriving on 4 December. Between 26 December 1943 and 12 July 1944, she made five round-trip trans-Atlantic escort voyages (four from New York and one from Boston) to Northern Ireland.
After additional escort duty along the eastern seaboard, she departed Charleston, South Carolina, on 6 November to escort slow-moving convoy CK-4 to Plymouth, England. She arrived on 5 December, then sailed a week later, escorting ships and landing craft damaged during the Normandy invasion, back to the United States. On 20 December, attacked the slow-moving convoy northeast of the Azores, sinking and damaging the destroyer escort ; but prompt action by the escorts drove off the U-boat, preventing further damage. George W. Ingram reached New York on 12 January 1945.
After escorting a captured Italian submarine from Portsmouth, New Hampshire to New London, Connecticut, George W. Ingram was re-designated APD-43 on 23 February. During the next few months, she underwent conversion to a Charles Lawrence-class high speed transport at the Tompkinsville, Staten Island Naval Base in Tompkinsville, New York. Shortly after V-E Day, she departed New York and sailed via the Panama Canal and San Diego to Pearl Harbor, where she arrived on 20 June for training with Underwater Demolition Teams.
With UDT-26 embarked, she departed Pearl Harbor on 24 August and sailed via Eniwetok and Okinawa to Jinsen, Korea, where on 8 September, she supported the initial landings of American occupation troops in Korea. She steamed to Taku Bar, China, on 26 September, and from 29 September to 1 October, UDT-26 surveyed and sounded the approaches of the Peking River in preparation for landings by the III Marine Amphibious Corps. She supported additional landings by American troops at Chefoo and Tsingtao, China, before departing Tsingtao on 17 October. She steamed via Okinawa, Eniwetok, and Pearl Harbor to the West Coast, arriving at San Diego on 11 November.
Decommissioning and sale to the Republic of China
Remaining at San Diego, George W. Ingram decommissioned on 15 January 1947, and entered the Pacific Reserve Fleet at Bremerton, Washington. George W. Ingram was struck from the Navy List on 1 January 1967.
Acquired by the Republic of China Navy on 19 September 1967, ex-George W. Ingram was commissioned as frigate ROCS Kang Shan (PF-43). With a different hull number, 323, she was discarded in 1978.
References
External links
Buckley-class destroyer escorts
Ships built in Hingham, Massachusetts
1943 ships
World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
Charles Lawrence-class high speed transports
World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States
Charles Lawrence-class high speed transports of the Republic of China Navy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20George%20W.%20Ingram
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The Edmonton Expo Centre, formerly the Northlands AgriCom and also known as the Edmonton Exposition and Conference Centre is a multi-purpose convention centre in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Operated by Explore Edmonton on behalf of the City of Edmonton, it is located in Edmonton's Montrose neighbourhood, across the street from the now-closed Northlands Coliseum.
History and use
The facility was built in 1984 on the site of the old Edmonton Gardens, the first home of the Edmonton Oilers. The Oilers moved across 118 Avenue in 1974 to the new Northlands Coliseum. Prior to 2009, the EXPO Centre was known as the Northlands AgriCom, or simply The Agricom, from the agricultural and commercial trade shows which it was built to host.
From 1996 to 1998, a portion of the venue was used as the home arena of the Edmonton Ice of the Western Hockey League. It was considered a substandard venue for the team, which was prevented from using the nearby Coliseum; Edmonton Sun writer Terry Jones described the arena as being an "abomination of a building", "with the atrocious situation of a reasonable $13.50 ticket price but a $10 Northlands parking price to go with it." The team would subsequently re-locate to Kootenay.
In 2002 the arena became host of the 2002 World Ringette Championships.
In December 2009, renovations were completed that doubled the facility's size to , which was expected to make it the largest such facility in Canada outside of Toronto. The additions included four new exhibition halls, and new conference centre named the Alberta Ballroom. The Alberta government contributed $50 million to the project, while the federal government contributed $25 million. The city loaned $48 million.
In 2010, the Edmonton Expo Centre hosted the last Powerama Motoring Expo, which it had hosted since the expo's inception in 1984.
In February 2016, as part of the "Northlands Vision 2020" proposal, it was revealed that Northlands hoped to upgrade the existing arena to a more modern standard 5,000-seat indoor arena to the Expo Centre for concerts and sporting events. However, the 2016 opening of the new downtown arena Rogers Place, which replaced Northlands' Rexall Place as the home of Edmonton Oilers games and other major events, caused the organization to incur an increasing amount of debt due to lost event revenue.
In July 2017, it was reported that Northlands had been in private discussions with the city about its future. The organization intended to divest itself of Rexall Place, Northlands Park, and the Edmonton Expo Centre in order to focus on promoting agricultural innovation. On August 29, 2017, the city of Edmonton announced that it would take ownership of the Edmonton Expo Centre and forgive $42 million in debt. The venue's operations were merged with those of the downtown Shaw Conference Centre under the Edmonton Economic Development Corporation in 2018. The Northlands Coliseum was similarly taken over by the city on the same day, although it also ceased operations.
In June 2018, it was announced that the Edmonton Stingers of the newly established Canadian Elite Basketball League would play their home games at the Expo Centre.
Facilities
References
External links
Indoor arenas in Alberta
Sports venues in Edmonton
Western Hockey League arenas
Convention centres in Canada
Music venues in Edmonton
Event venues established in 1984
1984 establishments in Alberta
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonton%20Expo%20Centre
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Below is a list of newspapers published in Afghanistan.
Newspapers
See also
Communications in Afghanistan
Media of Afghanistan
External links
Afghanistan newspapers List of Afghan newspapers and online news sites in English
Newspapers List of Afghanistan
Newspaper map worldwide
Kārawān in DigitalCommons@UNO
References
Afghantistan
Newspapers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Afghanistan
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The compositions of Ludwig van Beethoven in the key of C minor carry special significance for many listeners. His works in this key have been said to be powerful and emotive, evoking dark and stormy sentiments.
Background
During the Classical era, C minor was used infrequently and always for works of a particularly turbulent cast. Mozart, for instance, wrote only very few works in this key, but they are among his most dramatic ones (the twenty-fourth piano concerto, the fourteenth piano sonata, the Masonic Funeral Music, the Adagio and Fugue in C minor and the Great Mass in C minor, for instance). Beethoven chose to write a much larger proportion of his works in this key, especially traditionally "salon" (i.e. light and diverting) genres such as sonatas and trios, as a sort of conscious rejection of older aesthetics, valuing the "sublime" and "difficult" above music that is "merely" pleasing to the ear. Paul Schiavo wrote the C-minor is a key "that Beethoven associated with pathos, struggle, and expressive urgency."
The key is said to represent for Beethoven a "stormy, heroic tonality"; he uses it for "works of unusual intensity"; and it is "reserved for his most dramatic music".
Pianist and scholar Charles Rosen writes:
A characteristic 19th-century view is that of the musicologist George Grove, writing in 1898:
Grove's view could be said to reflect the view of many participants in the Romantic age of music, who valued Beethoven's music above all for its emotional force.
Not all critics have taken a positive view of Beethoven's habitual return to the tonality of C minor. Musicologist Joseph Kerman faults Beethoven's reliance upon the key, particularly in his early works, as a hollow mannerism:
Of the works said to embody the Beethovenian "C minor mood", probably the canonical example is the Fifth Symphony. Beethoven's multi-movement works in C minor tended to have a slow movement in a contrasting major key, nearly always the subdominant of C minor's relative key (E major): A major, providing "a comfortingly cool shadow or short-lived respite", but also the relative key (E major, Op. 1/3), the tonic major (C major, Opp. 9/3, 18/4, 111) and the sharpened mediant major (E major, Op. 37), the last setting a precedent for Brahms' third Piano Quartet, Grieg's Piano Concerto and Rachmaninoff's second Piano Concerto.
In his essay Beethoven's Minority, Kerman observes that Beethoven associated C minor with both its relative (E) and parallel (C) majors, and was continually haunted by a vision of C minor moving to C major. While many of Beethoven's sonata-form movements in other minor keys, particularly finales, used the minor dominant (v) as the second key area – predicting a recapitulation of this material in the minor mode – his use of the relative major, E (III) as the second key area for all but two of his C minor sonata-form movements, in many cases, facilitated a restatement of part or all of the second theme in C major in the recapitulation. One exception, the first movement of the Piano Sonata No. 32, uses A major (VI) as its second key area, also allowing a major-mode restatement in the recapitulation – and the other exception, the Coriolan Overture, is only loosely in sonata form and still passes through III in the exposition and major-mode I in the recapitulation. Furthermore, of the final movements of Beethoven's multimovement works in C minor, three are in C major throughout (Opp. 67, 80, 111), one finishes in C major (Op. 37), and a further four (along with one first movement) end with a Picardy third (Opp. 1/3, 9/3, 10/1, 18/4, 111 i).
List of works
Here is a list of works by Beethoven in C minor that were felt by George Grove to be characteristic of how Beethoven used this key:
Cantata on the Death of Emperor Joseph II, WoO 87 (1791)
Piano Trio, Op. 1, No. 3 (1793)
Presto for piano, WoO 52 (1795)
Allegretto for piano, WoO 53 (1796-7)
Piano Sonata, Op. 10, No. 1 (1795-8)
Piano Sonata, Op. 13, "Pathétique" (1798)
String Trio, Op. 9, No. 3 (1798)
Piano Concerto No. 3, Op. 37 (1800)
String Quartet, Op. 18, No. 4 (1800)
Piano Sonata No. 13, Op. 27, 2nd movement (1800)
Violin Sonata, Op. 30, No. 2 (1802)
Symphony No. 3, Op. 55, second movement, "Funeral March" (1803)
32 Variations in C minor, WoO 80 (1806)
Coriolan Overture, Op. 62 (1807)
Fifth Symphony, Op. 67 (1808)
Choral Fantasy, Op. 80 (1808)
String Quartet No. 10, Op. 74, scherzo movement (1809)
Piano Sonata No. 26, Op. 81a, second movement, "Abwesenheit" (1810)
Piano Sonata No. 32, Op. 111 (his last piano sonata, 1822)
See also
Mozart and G minor
References
C minor
C minor
Compositions by Ludwig van Beethoven
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beethoven%20and%20C%20minor
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Wakeijuku (和敬塾), literally meaning "a place to seek harmony and respect", is an all-male dormitory located in the Mejirodai neighborhood in the Bunkyō ward of Tokyo, Japan. Established in 1955 by Kisaku Mayekawa, philanthropist and founder of Mayekawa Manufacturing Company, Wakeijuku has been the home of students of Japanese universities for more than sixty years, including nearby Waseda University. Wakeijuku alumni include four former Japanese prime ministers and Japanese author Haruki Murakami.
Location
Wakeijuku is located on the spacious grounds of a former feudal lord's mansion, at a prestigious address in central Tokyo. Residents simultaneously have convenient access to such major centers of Tokyo as Shinjuku, Ikebukuro, Ginza, Shibuya, Takadanobaba, and Yurakucho, while living in a secluded natural setting with gardens and trees. The Wakeijuku grounds also have tennis, basketball, and soccer facilities, and the institution is less than a five-minute walk from two public parks and the nearby Kanda River. The former Foreign Minister of Japan Makiko Tanaka lives next door in a house that belonged to her father, former Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka.
The dormitories
Wakeijuku is composed of six dormitories, namely East or Higashi (東), West or Nishi (西), North or Kita (北), South or Minami (南), Tatsumi (巽) which loosely translates as Southeast, and Inui(乾) which loosely translates as Northwest.
Each dormitory has its own traditions, blogs and activities.
The mansion
The most notable landmark on the Wakeijuku grounds is the old Hosokawa Marquis residence called “The Mansion”, built in 1936 by the 16th generation of the Hosokawa House. It is a representative of an official noble residence at the beginning of the Shōwa period. The external facade is based on a British Tudor-style architectural design and the interior is a creative mixture of Japanese, Tudor and Saracen designs. In 1955, the entire Hosokawa residence including the Mansion was purchased to make way for the construction of the Wakeijuku dormitories. The Mansion was kept to preserve the cultural heritage and history of the area. Currently it serves as a venue for symposia, concerts, plays, wedding banquets and art exhibits and serves also as a residence for guests of Wakeijuku. The mansion is also a tourist attraction and has been used as a location for Japanese film and television productions that require Shōwa era or European themed residences.
Wakeijuku in fiction
In the novel Norwegian Wood, written by Haruki Murakami, the main character resides in a dormitory modeled after Wakeijuku and also attends a university modeled similarly to nearby Waseda University.
It also appears in the TV dramas Fugo Keiji, Full Throttle Girl, Engine Sentai Go-onger, Kamen Rider Kabuto, Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger, Kamen Rider Agito, GARO (TV series), and in the mangas Zeni Geba, Jin (manga), Deka Wanko, GodHand Teru, Aim for the Ace!, Sailor Moon and Beautiful Bones: Sakurako's Investigation. It also appears in the novel Never Let Me Go (novel).
External links
(The Mansion)
Buildings and structures in Bunkyō
Tokyo Metropolitan Designated Tangible Cultural Property
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakeijuku
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Liang Tsai-Ping (, born Gaoyang County (), Hebei, China, February 23, 1910 or 1911; died Taipei, Taiwan, June 28, 2000) was a master of the guzheng, a Chinese traditional zither. He is considered one of the 20th century's most important players and scholars of the instrument. He also played and taught the guqin (7-string zither).
Early career
At age 14, Liang moved to Beijing, where he began his studies with Professors Ying-mei Shih (Shi Yingmei) and Tze-you Wei (Wei Ziyou). After printing his first work, Ni Cheng Pu (Ni Zheng Pu), a guzheng teaching manual in 1938, he brought his instruments and conferred with several masters and companies. He graduated from Beijing Jiaotong University, majoring in applied science.
He moved to Taiwan in 1949, where he lived for the rest of his life. He worked in the Ministry of Commerce while continuing his musical activities. Liang had much to do with the revival of the guzheng in the 20th century, helping to establish the instrument as one of the major Chinese traditional solo instruments, as well as a component of the Chinese orchestra. Throughout his life, he preferred the older steel string version of the instrument. For 25 years, he served as the president of the Chinese Classical Music Association, which was organized in Taipei in 1951.
In addition to performing on the guzheng, he researched the instrument's history and repertoire, studying the playing of elder guzheng masters from various parts of China, learning and comparing their styles.
He also created new works for the instrument. In 1951, following the release of his first composition, Longing for an Old Friend, he composed more than forty pieces for the guzheng. His book, Music of the Cheng, has been published in six editions.
International tours
Liang performed widely throughout the world. He first performed in India while on his way to the United States. While at Yale University in 1945–46, he introduced a performance on the "China Program" with the American writer Emily Hahn, on DuMont Television. A colorful sound film called Melody of Ancient China was produced for him by the Harmon Foundation in 1946. Under the sponsorship of Pearl S. Buck, Liang gave solo performances in several major U.S. cities.
He traveled to Japan in 1952, where he was greeted by the renowned koto player Michio Miyagi, and also traveled to Seoul, Korea, performing at Sarabul Art College and The National Center for Korean Traditional Performing Arts.
Liang introduced the guzheng at the First Southeast Asia Music Conference in Manila, Philippines in 1955. He performed in ten European nations in 1958, participated in the International Music Symposium in Manila, and served as the Chief Delegate of the Republic of China in April 1966. Under the sponsorship of the Honolulu Academy of Arts, he performed and lectured on seven U.S. college campuses in May 1967.
For the Asia Society in New York, he directed the Shantung Music Ensemble in 50 recitals in the United States in the spring of 1972. Invited by the overseas Chinese Teachers Federation, Liang performed in Singapore and in four cities of Malaysia, Bangkok, and Hong Kong in 1973.
Invited by the Performing Arts Programs, Asia Society, Liang conducted a three-month recital (including Carnegie Hall) and lecture tour to Japan, Canada, and the United States in the spring of 1974.
Students
Among Liang's students was the American composer Lou Harrison (1917-2003), who became the first American to become a proficient guzheng performer, and also a composer of idiomatic music for the instrument. In 1962, Harrison went on to form (with two other American musicians: his student Richard Dee, b. 1936, and William Colvig; along with the singer Lily Chin) an ensemble that toured the California playing traditional Chinese music, the first American group of its type.
Personal life
Liang's son is the scholar and composer David Mingyue Liang (Chinese: Liang Mingyue, 梁铭越). His daughter is the soprano Liang Mingshi (梁铭时).
Books by Liang Tsai-Ping
Liang, Tsai-Ping (1962). On Chinese Music. Taipei, Taiwan.
Liang, Tsai-Ping, ed. (1970). Chinese Musical Instruments & Pictures. Taipei, Taiwan: Chinese Classical Music Association.
Liang, Tsai-Ping (1971). Music of Cheng, Chinese 16-Stringed Zither. [Taipei, Taiwan]: Chinese Classical Music Association.
Discography
Liang, Tsai-Ping. Chinese Masterpieces for the Cheng. LP. Lyrichord.
China's Instrumental Heritage. CD. Lyrichord Discs. Recorded c. 1960.
Liang, Tsai-ping. The Chinese Cheng: Ancient and Modern. CD. Lyrichord Discs.
See also
Guzheng
References
Han Kuo-Huang. "Liang Tsai-Ping." The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians.
1910s births
2000 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Guzheng players
Taiwanese musicians
Musicians from Baoding
20th-century Chinese musicians
Taiwanese people from Hebei
[[Category:People from Gaoyang County]
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liang%20Tsai-Ping
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Kall is a municipality in the district of Euskirchen in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Eifel hills, approximatively 20 km south-west of Euskirchen.
Kall consists of the following districts: Anstois, Benenberg, Diefenbach, Dottel, Frohnrath, Gillenberg, Golbach, Keldenich, Krekel, Rinnen, Roder, Rüth, Scheven, Sistig, Sötenich, Steinfeld, Steinfelderheistert, Straßbüsch, Urft, Wahlen, Wallenthal, Wallenthalerhöhe, and Kall itself.
References
External links
Municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia
Euskirchen (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kall%2C%20North%20Rhine-Westphalia
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The first newspaper was published in Austria in 1605. Until 1940 there were 16 newspapers in Vienna, Austria, but six of them were shut down, leaving ten. The number of national daily newspapers in Austria was 35 in 1950. It decreased to 17 in 1965.
The number of daily newspapers in Austria was 17 in 1995 and remained the same between 1996 and 2000. Eight of them were nationwide newspapers and the remaining nine regional dailies.
In the mid-2000s, daily newspapers were very popular in the country with a cumulative readership of 72.7%. In 2009 the number of newspapers was 19 in Austria.
Below is a list of newspapers published in Austria.
In German
Heute
Kleine Zeitung
Kronen Zeitung
Kurier
Neue Kärnter Tageszeitung
Neue Vorarlberger Tageszeitung
Neues Volksblatt
Niederösterreichische Nachrichten
Oberösterreichische Nachrichten
Österreich
Die Presse
Salzburger Nachrichten
Salzburger Volkszeitung
Der Standard
Täglich Alles
Tiroler Tageszeitung
U-Express
Vaterland
Volksstimme
Vorarlberger Nachrichten
Wiener Zeitung
WirtschaftsBlatt
In English
ViennaTimes
The Local (web only)
Voice of Vienna (web only)
Vienna Würstelstand
See also
Media of Austria
List of magazines in Austria
List of Media in Austria
References
Austria
Newspapers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Austria
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AlityPC is a Hong Kong technology company that designs and develops technology products for the home. Their products include digital photo frames and high-tech lifestyle gadgets.
The Pixxa model of photo frame features a clock and calendar, a mirrored surface when photos are not being displayed, and a touch-screen user interface.
AlityPC also developed the first patented Wi-Fi digital photo frame with a peer-to-peer communication protocol. Most Wi-Fi photo frames available in the market now are one-way downstream. With AlityPC's peer-to-peer integration, it allows the product to be more interactive. Users can send photo messages to the photo frame via the Internet, similar to most IM application in the market. It can also synchronize with Google calendar and download live news.
Ality Online is an online service provided by AlityPC, it's the central portal for friends and family to send photo messages and greeting cards to Wireless Pixxa owners. Users can invite their friends and family to join Ality Online with no service charge. Photo Frame owners can also customize their online photo frame settings, for example, Google Calendar, Flickr, Picasa, Stock and live news.
AlityPC also developed the slimmest LCD photo frame in the world, Pixxa Slim.
References
External links
Ality Global Website
Ality Online Web Service
Technology companies of Hong Kong
Technology companies established in 2005
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ality
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The first local newspaper in Bahrain was Al Bahrayn which was published between 1939 and 1944.
Bahrain's Information Affairs Authority reported that the number of newspapers in 1999 was four which were published in Arabic and English languages. There were a total of 12 dailies and weeklies in the country in 2012.
Below is a list of the newspapers published in Bahrain.
See also
Media of Bahrain
Culture of Bahrain
Lists of newspapers
References
Newspapers List of Bahrain
Newspapers
Bahrain
Newspapers published in Bahrain
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Bahrain
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Great Salkeld is a small village and civil parish in the Eden District of Cumbria, England, a few miles to the north east of Penrith and bordering the River Eden. At the 2001 census the parish had a population of 445, decreasing to 412 at the 2011 Census.
The village is believed to have been connected at one time by a bridge over the River Eden to Little Salkeld. In the Middle Ages, the village was sometimes referred to in documents as Salkeld Regis as it was at times the property of the Crown.
Description
It is a linear village with a fine ensemble of vernacular buildings built in the attractive local red sandstone. The village's amenities are few, but include a village hall, a pub "The Highland Drove", which has won many awards for its food, and an Anglican church.
Occupying an imposing central position in the village, St Cuthbert's Church is a fortified church that was built in the 12th century, and is remarkable for the strong defensive pele tower which was added to it circa 1380. The tower room is tunnel-vaulted and the upper floor has a fireplace to make it habitable, and a doorway into the nave. A formidable yett, a door with interlaced iron bars, guards access to the tower. The Norman doorway to the church has similar features to that at St Bees Priory on the Cumbrian coast, with head masks incorporated into the zig-zag pattern. The chancel and arch were restored in 1866. There are six bells hung for full-circle ringing.
Great Salkeld Rectory, of medieval origins but modified in 1674 by Thomas Musgrave, also incorporates a pele tower, probably of the early 15th century.
The primary school, which could trace its origins back to 1515, closed in 2004 despite a rigorous campaign to save it.
The largest house in the parish is Nunwick Hall, built in 1892 to a design in the Tudor style by Charles John Ferguson. The local cricket team is named after it. This building should not be confused with the eighteenth-century Nunwick Hall in Northumberland.
Surrounding hamlets
The parish of Great Salkeld includes the hamlets of Salkeld Dykes, which is divided into North and South Dykes, Halfwaywell, Inglewood Bank and Burrell Green.
See also
Listed buildings in Great Salkeld
References
External links
Cumbria County History Trust: Great Salkeld (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Eden District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Salkeld
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Flight controllers are personnel who aid space flight by working in such Mission Control Centers as NASA's Mission Control Center or ESA's European Space Operations Centre. Flight controllers work at computer consoles and use telemetry to monitor various technical aspects of a space mission in real-time. Each controller is an expert in a specific area and constantly communicates with additional experts in the "back room". The flight director, who leads the flight controllers, monitors the activities of a team of flight controllers, and has overall responsibility for success and safety.
This article primarily discusses NASA's flight controllers at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston. The various national and commercial flight control facilities have their own teams, which may be described on their own pages.
NASA's flight controllers
The room where the flight controllers work was called the mission operations control room (MOCR, pronounced "moh-ker"), and now is called the flight control room (FCR, pronounced "ficker"). The controllers are experts in individual systems, and make recommendations to the flight director involving their areas of responsibility. Any controller may call for an abort if the circumstances require it. Before significant events, the flight director will "go around the room", polling each controller for a go/no go decision, a procedure also known as a launch status check. If all factors are good, each controller calls for a go, but if there is a problem requiring a hold or an abort, the call is no go. Another form of this is stay/no stay, when the spacecraft has completed a maneuver and has now "parked" in relation to another body, including spacecraft, orbiting the Earth or the Moon, or the lunar landings.
Controllers in MOCR/FCR are supported by the "backrooms", teams of flight controllers located in other parts of the building or even at remote facilities. The backroom was formerly called the staff support room (SSR), and is now called the multi-purpose support room (MPSR, pronounced "mipser"). Backroom flight controllers are responsible for the details of their assigned system and for making recommendations for actions needed for that system. "Frontroom" flight controllers are responsible for integrating the needs of their system into the larger needs of the vehicle and working with the rest of the flight control team to develop a cohesive plan of action, even if that plan is not necessarily in the best interests of the system they are responsible for. Within the chain of command of the MCC, information and recommendations flow from the backroom to the frontroom to Flight, and then, potentially, to the on board crew. Generally, a MOCR/FCR flight control team is made up of the more seasoned flight controllers than the SSR/MPSR, though senior flight controllers cycle back to support in the backroom periodically. One example of the usefulness of this system occurred during the descent of the Apollo 11 Lunar Module Eagle, when "1202" and "1201" program alarms came from the LM. GUIDO Steve Bales, not sure whether to call for an abort, trusted the experts in the guidance backroom, especially Jack Garman, who told him that the problem was a computer overload, but could be ignored if it was intermittent. Bales called "Go!", Flight Director Gene Kranz accepted the call and the mission continued to success. Without the support of the backroom, a controller might make a bad call based on faulty memory or information not readily available to the person on the console. The nature of quiescent operations aboard the International Space Station (ISS) today is such that the full team is not required for 24/7/365 support. FCR flight controllers accept responsibility for operations without MPSR support most of the time, and the MPSR is only staffed for high-intensity periods of activity, such as joint Shuttle/ISS missions.
The flight controllers in the FCR and MPSR are further supported by hardware and software designers, analysts and engineering specialists in other parts of the building or remote facilities. These extended support teams have more detailed analysis tools and access to development and test data that is not readily accessible to the flight control team. These support teams were referred to by the name of their room in Mission Control, the mission operations integration room (MOIR), and are now collectively referred to by the name of their current location, the mission evaluation room (MER). While the flight controllers and their backrooms are responsible for real-time decision making, the MOIR/MER provides the detailed data and history needed to solve longer-term issues.
Uncrewed U.S. space missions also have flight controllers but are managed from separate organizations, either the Jet Propulsion Laboratory or the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory for deep-space missions or Goddard Space Flight Center for near-Earth missions.
Each flight controller has a unique call sign, which describes the position's responsibilities. The call sign and responsibility refer to the particular console, not just the person, since missions are managed around the clock and with each shift change a different person takes over the console.
Flight controller responsibilities have changed over time, and continue to evolve. New controllers are added, and tasks are reassigned to other controllers to keep up with changing technical systems. For example, the EECOM handled command and service module communication systems through Apollo 10, which was afterward assigned to a new position called INCO.
Responsibility
Flight controllers are responsible for the success of the mission and for the lives of the astronauts under their watch. The Flight Controllers' Creed states that they must "always be aware that suddenly and unexpectedly we may find ourselves in a role where our performance has ultimate consequences." Well-known actions taken by flight controllers include:
The Apollo 11 Lunar Module computer was overloaded because the astronauts forgot to switch off their upper-stage radar before switching on the downward-pointing radar. Guidance officer Steve Bales had only a few seconds to determine whether it was safe to land anyway or to abort the mission mere feet above the Moon. Bales was later honored for his role in the mission, when he was selected to accept the NASA Group Achievement Award from President Richard Nixon on behalf of the Apollo 11 mission operations team.
During the launch of Apollo 12, the Saturn V was struck by lightning which knocked out all telemetry and multiple command module systems. Seconds before mission abort, EECOM controller John Aaron determined that switching to the backup electrical power distribution telemetry conditioning would reveal the true nature of the issue.
During Space Shuttle mission STS-51-F, a main engine failed during ascent to orbit. Subsequently, indications were received of a second engine beginning to fail, which would have caused a mission abort, possibly including loss of the shuttle. Booster officer Jenny Howard Stein determined that the anomalous readings on the second engine were a sensor error and not an engine problem. At her direction the crew inhibited the sensor, which saved the mission and possibly the crew.
Common flight control positions
There are some positions that have and will serve the same function in every vehicle's flight control team. The group of individuals serving in those positions may be different, but they will be called the same thing and serve the same function.
Flight director
Leads the flight control team. Flight has overall operational responsibility for missions and payload operations and for all decisions regarding safe, expedient flight. This person monitors the other flight controllers, remaining in constant verbal communication with them via intercom channels called "loops".
Flight operations directorate (FOD)
Is a representative of the senior management chain at JSC, and is there to help the flight director make those decisions that have no safety-of-flight consequences, but may have cost or public perception consequences. The FOD cannot overrule the flight director during a mission. The former mission operations directorate (MOD) position was renamed FOD when the flight crew operations directorate (FCOD) was merged back with MOD beginning in August 2014.
Spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM)
Generally, only the spacecraft communicator communicates directly with the crew of a crewed space flight. The acronym dates back to Project Mercury when the spacecraft was originally termed a "capsule." NASA felt it important for all communication with the astronauts in space to pass through a single individual in the Mission Control Center. That role was first designated the capsule communicator or CAPCOM and was filled by another astronaut, often one of the backup- or support-crew members. NASA believes that an astronaut is most able to understand the situation in the spacecraft and pass information in the clearest way.
For long-duration missions there is more than one CAPCOM, each assigned to a different shift team. After control of U.S. spaceflights moved to the Johnson Space Center in the early 1960s, each CAPCOM used the radio call-sign Houston. When non-astronauts are communicating directly with the spacecraft, CAPCOM acts as the communications controller.
, due to the shrinking size of the astronaut corps at the end of the Shuttle program, fewer astronauts are available to perform CAPCOM duties, so non-astronauts from the space flight training and flight controller branches also function as CAPCOM during ISS missions, while the role was filled solely by astronauts for the Apollo and Shuttle missions. Astronauts still take the CAPCOM position during critical events such as docking and EVA.
In the context of potential crewed missions to Mars, NASA Ames Research Center has conducted field trials of advanced computer-support for astronaut and remote science teams, to test the possibilities for automating CAPCOM.
Flight surgeon
The flight surgeon directs all medical activities during the mission – monitors crew health via telemetry, provides crew consultation, and advises the flight director. A private communication channel can be established between astronauts and the flight surgeon, to provide doctor–patient confidentiality.
Public affairs officer (PAO)
Provides mission commentary to supplement and explain air-to-ground transmissions and flight control operations to the news media and the public. The individual filling this role is often referred to colloquially as The Voice of Mission Control.
Apollo flight control positions
The flight control positions used during the Apollo era were predominantly identical to the positions used for the Mercury and Gemini vehicles. This was because of the similarity of the vehicle design of the capsules used for the three programs.
Booster systems engineer
The booster systems engineer monitored and evaluated performance of propulsion-related aspects of the launch vehicle during prelaunch and ascent. During the Apollo program there were three booster positions, who worked only until trans-lunar injection (TLI); after that, their consoles were vacated. Booster had the power to send an abort command to the spacecraft. All booster technicians were employed at the Marshall Space Flight Center and reported to JSC for the launches.
Control officer
The control officer was responsible for the Apollo Lunar Module guidance, navigation, and control systems – essentially the equivalent of the GNC for the Command and Service Module.
Electrical, environmental, and consumables manager (EECOM)
The EECOM monitored cryogenic levels for fuel cells, and cabin cooling systems; electrical distribution systems; cabin pressure control systems; and vehicle lighting systems. EECOM originally stood for electrical, environmental and communication systems. The Apollo EECOM was responsible for CSM communications through Apollo 10. Afterward the communication task was moved to a new console named INCO.
Perhaps the most famous NASA EECOMs are Seymour "Sy" Liebergot, the EECOM on duty at the time of the oxygen tank explosion on Apollo 13, and John Aaron, who designed the drastically reduced power budget for its return. Aaron also saved the Apollo 12 mission by realizing that using the backup power supply for telemetry of analog capsule sensors would allow diagnosis of all the seemingly-unrelated problems caused by a lightning strike.
Flight activities officer (FAO)
The FAO planned and supported crew activities, checklists, procedures and schedules.
Flight director
The flight directors held overall control of all of the individual positions in the MOCR. Some Apollo era directors were:
Gene Kranz, White Flight. Apollo missions 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16 and 17.
Glynn Lunney, Black Flight. Apollo missions 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15.
Gerry Griffin, Gold Flight. Apollo missions 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17.
Milt Windler, Maroon Flight. Apollo missions 8, 10, 12, 13, 14 and 15.
Clifford E. Charlesworth, Green Flight. Apollo missions 8, 11 and 12.
M. P. (Pete) Frank, Orange Flight. Apollo missions 9, 12, 16, 17, and Apollo–Soyuz.
Flight dynamics officer (FDO or FIDO)
Responsible for the flight path of the space vehicle, both atmospheric and orbital. During lunar missions the FDO was also responsible for the lunar trajectory. The FDO monitored vehicle performance during the powered flight phase and assessed abort modes, calculated orbital maneuvers and resulting trajectories, and monitored vehicle flight profile and energy levels during reentry.
Guidance officer (GUIDANCE or GUIDO)
The guidance officer monitored on board navigational systems and on board guidance computer software. Responsible for determining the position of the spacecraft in space. One well-known guidance officer was Steve Bales, who gave the go call when the Apollo 11 guidance computer came close to overloading during the first lunar descent.
Guidance, navigation, and controls systems engineer (GNC)
The GNC monitored all vehicle guidance, navigation, and control systems. Also responsible for propulsion systems such as the service propulsion system and reaction control system (RCS).
Integrated communications officer (INCO)
The INCO was responsible for all data, voice and video communications systems, including monitoring the configuration of in-flight communications and instrumentation systems. Duties also included monitoring the telemetry link between the vehicle and the ground, and overseeing the uplink command and control processes. The position was formed from the combination of LEM and CSM communicator positions.
Network
Supervised the network of ground stations that relayed telemetry and communications from the spacecraft.
Organization and procedures officer (O&P)
Supervised the application of mission rules and established techniques to the conduct of the flight.
Retrofire officer (RETRO)
Drew up abort plans and was responsible for determination of retrofire times. During lunar missions the RETRO planned and monitored Trans Earth Injection (TEI) maneuvers, where the Apollo Service Module fired its engine to return to Earth from the Moon.
Telemetry, electrical, EVA mobility unit officer (TELMU)
Monitored the lunar module electrical and environmental systems, plus lunar astronaut spacesuits. Essentially the equivalent of the EECOM for the lunar module.
Shuttle and Space Station flight controllers
NASA currently has a group of flight controllers at the Johnson Space Center in Houston for the International Space Station (ISS). The Space Shuttle flight control team (as well as those for the earlier Gemini, Apollo, and Skylab programs) were also based there. Console manning for short-duration and extended operations differed in operational philosophy.
The Space Shuttle (and prior program) flight controllers worked relatively brief periods: The several minutes of ascent, the few days the vehicle was in orbit, and reentry. The duration of operations for Space Shuttle flight controllers was short and time-critical. A failure on the Shuttle could leave flight controllers little time for talking, putting pressure on them to respond quickly to potential failures. The Space Shuttle flight controllers generally had limited capability to send commands to the shuttle for system reconfigurations.
In contrast, the ISS flight controllers work 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. This allows the ISS flight controllers time to discuss off-nominal telemetry. The ISS flight controllers have the opportunity to interface with many groups and engineering experts. The mentality of an ISS flight controller is to preempt a failure. Telemetry is closely monitored for any signatures that may begin to indicate future catastrophic failures. Generally, ISS flight controllers take a prophylactic approach to space vehicle operations. There are command capabilities that ISS flight controllers use to preclude a potential failure.
Shuttle flight control positions (1981-2011)
Many Apollo program mission control positions were carried forward to the Space Shuttle program. However, other positions were eliminated or redefined, and new positions were added.
Positions remaining generally the same:
Booster
FAO
FDO
Guidance (became guidance and procedures officer, or GPO)
GNC
INCO (became instrumentation and communications officer)
Positions eliminated or modified:
RETRO
EECOM (duties split up)
TELMU
CONTROL
After retirement of the Space Shuttle in 2011, the operational concept of flight control of a launched crewed vehicle was used as the basis for the Boeing CST-100 Commercial Crew vehicle starting in 2019.
Assembly and checkout officer (ACO)/payloads
Responsible for all Space Shuttle-based activities related to construction and operation of the Space Station, including logistics and transfer items stored in a multi-purpose logistics module (MPLM) or Spacehab. Also responsible for all Shuttle payloads, from Spacehab to the Hubble Space Telescope to deployable satellites. On Shuttle missions that did not dock with the ISS, this position was known as payloads.
Booster systems engineer (BOOSTER)
Monitored and evaluated performance of propulsion-related aspects of the launch vehicle during prelaunch and ascent, including the main engines and solid rocket boosters.
Data processing system engineer (DPS)
Responsible for data processing systems in a space flight. This included monitoring the on board General Purpose Computers (GPCs), flight-critical, launch and payload data buses, the multi-function electronic display system (MEDS), solid-state mass memory (SSMM) units, flight critical and payload multiplexer/de-multiplexer (MDM) units, master timing unit (MTU), backup flight control (BFC) units and system-level software.
The Space Shuttle general purpose computers were a critical subsystem, and the vehicle cannot fly without them.
Emergency, environmental, and consumables management (EECOM)
EECOM's revamped Space Shuttle responsibilities included the atmospheric pressure control and revitalization systems, the cooling systems (air, water, and freon), and the supply/waste water system.
MPSR positions
Life support – monitored atmospheric pressure control systems, // maintenance and management, air cooling equipment, waste water systems,
Thermal – monitored water and refrigerant coolant loop systems, supply water maintenance
EECOM's critical function was to maintain the systems, such as atmosphere and thermal control, that keep the crew alive.
Electrical generation and integrated lighting systems engineer (EGIL)
Monitored cryogenic levels for the fuel cells, electrical generation and distribution systems on the spacecraft, and vehicle lighting. This was a portion of the job formerly done by EECOM.
MPSR positions
EPS – provided expert support monitoring of the fuel cells, cryo system, and electrical bus system
Extravehicular activity officer (EVA)
Responsible for all spacesuit and spacewalking-related tasks, equipment and plans when the EVA took place from the shuttle.
Flight activities officer (FAO)
Planned and supported crew activities, checklists, procedures, schedules, attitude maneuvers and timelines.
MPSR positions
Attitude and pointing officer (Pointing) – Generated and maintained the attitude timeline, monitored the executions of all attitude maneuvers, provided attitude maneuver inputs for the crew, generated star pairs and attitudes for IMU aligns.
Message and timeline support (MATS) – Created messages based on MCC inputs, created the execute package, monitored crew activities and assessed impacts to the timeline.
Orbital communications officer (OCA) – Transferred electronic messages to the crew, synced the crews e-mail, uplinked and downlinked files for the crew.
Timeline – Generated the pre-flight timelines for the flight plan, monitored in-flight crew activities, coordinated activities with other flight controllers.
Flight dynamics officer (FDO or FIDO)
Responsible for the flight path of the Space Shuttle, both atmospheric and orbital. FDO monitored vehicle performance during the powered flight phase and assessed abort modes, calculated orbital maneuvers and resulting trajectories, and monitored vehicle flight profile and energy levels during re-entry.
MPSR positions
Abort support (ascent only) – provided expert support during the powered flight portion of an RTLS or TAL
ARD support (ascent only) – maintained the abort region determinator processor which is used to predict trajectory capabilities during powered flight
Ascent support team (ascent only) – monitored the winds and weather at the launch site, help compute day-of-launch updates
Dynamics – maintained the inputs to the mission operation computer for all processors
Entry console – provided expert support for entry, approach, and landing
Entry support team (ascent and entry) – monitored the winds and weather at the various potential landing sites, prepare trajectory adjustments
Landing support officer (LSO) team – maintained the airspace at any landing site, dispatch Search and Rescue teams if needed, act as first liaison in case of a landing outside the US
Nav support team – responsible for maintaining the on-board navigation (telemetry) and the ground navigation (tracking)
Profile support (rendezvous only) – assisted the FDO with rendezvous profile evaluation and determination
Range safety team (ascent only) – tracked the falling external tank and solid rocket boosters
Targeting (ascent only) – provided expert support for abort to orbit (ATO) or abort once around (AOA) trajectories
Track – coordinated tracking site data flow and data requests
Weather – a member of the spaceflight meteorology group who provided worldwide weather data
Ground controller (GC)
Directed maintenance and operation activities affecting Mission Control hardware, software and support facilities; coordinated space flight tracking and data network, and Tracking and Data Relay Satellite system with Goddard Space Flight Center.
Guidance, navigation, and controls systems engineer (GNC)
Monitored all shuttle guidance, navigation and control systems.
MPSR positions
GNC Support: Provided support to the orbit GNC officer during the orbit phase of flight.
Control: Provided support to the ascent/entry GNC officer during those phases of flight.
Sensors: Provided support to the ascent/entry GNC officer during those phases of flight.
Instrumentation and communications officer (INCO)
Responsible for all data, voice and video communications systems, including monitoring the configuration of in-flight communications and instrumentation systems. Duties also included monitoring the telemetry link between the vehicle and the ground, and overseeing the uplink command and control processes. The INCO was the only position that uplinked commands to the orbiter. This position was a direct evolution of the integrated communications officer from the Apollo program.
MPSR positions
RF COMM: MPSR lead and responsible for the Ku-band and S-band communication systems.
INST: Responsible for uplinking commands and telemetry flows.
DATA COMM: Responsible for recording and downlinking telemetry that was not streamed live and the FM communication system.
Mechanical, maintenance, arm, and crew systems (MMACS)
Responsible for Space Shuttle structural and mechanical systems, monitoring auxiliary power units and hydraulic systems, managing payload bay door, external tank umbilical door, vent door, radiator deploy/stow, Ku-band antenna deploy/stow, and payload retention latch operations, landing gear/deceleration systems (landing gear deploy, tires, brakes/antiskid, and drag chute deploy), and monitoring the orbiter docking system. MMACS also followed use of on board crew hardware and in-flight equipment maintenance. This represented another portion of the job formerly done by EECOM, with additional responsibilities added by the specific requirements of Space Shuttle operations. The MMACS officer served as the point of contact for PDRS, Booster, and EVA during periods in a mission when these positions did not require constant staffing.
MPSR positions
MECH – provided expert support monitoring of mechanical, hydraulic, and landing gear systems
MECH 2 – provided extra support during the dynamic ascent and entry phases of flight
IFM – In-flight maintenance support
Crew systems/escape – responsible for operations of on board crew hardware and the crew's launch and entry suits
Photo/TV – responsible for the "loose" camera operation and maintenance, such as still cameras and camcorders, and the integration of video into and out of the orbiter's TV monitors
Payload deployment and retrieval system (PDRS)
Responsible for Space Shuttle remote manipulator system (RMS) or "robot arm".
Propulsion engineer (PROP)
Managed the reaction control thrusters and orbital maneuvering engines during all phases of flight, monitored fuel usage and propellant tank status, and calculated optimal sequences for thruster firings.
MPSR Positions
OMS & RCS Engine Officer (OREO): Monitored health of shuttle on-orbit engines
Consumables: Monitored fuel usage and mass properties through the mission
Rendezvous (RNDZ)
Responsible for activities such as trajectory operations related to the rendezvous and docking/capture with another spacecraft, including Mir, the ISS, and satellites such as the Hubble Space Telescope.
Trajectory officer (TRAJ)
Assisted the FDO during time-critical operations, responsible for maintaining the various processors that helped determine the shuttle's current and potential trajectories. A FDO was certified as a TRAJ first. Shares the FCR with FDO.
Transoceanic abort landing communicator (TALCOM)
One of the few members of Shuttle Mission Control not physically present in Houston. If an emergency had occurred, such as loss of one or more main engine during a Space Shuttle launch, requiring the shuttle to land at one of the contingency landing sites in Africa, Europe or the Middle East, TALCOM would have assumed the role of CAPCOM providing communications with astronauts aboard the crippled orbiter. Like CAPCOM, the TALCOM role was filled by an astronaut. Three astronauts were deployed to the alternate landing sites in Zaragoza Air Base and Moron Air Base in Spain, and Istres Air Base in France. These astronauts flew aboard weather reconnaissance aircraft to provide support at the selected landing site.
ISS flight control positions to 2010
The International Space Station flight control positions used by NASA in Houston are different from those used by previous NASA programs. These differences exist primarily to stem the potential confusion that might otherwise follow from conflicting use of the same name in two different rooms during the same operations, such as when the space shuttle was conducting mated operations with the space station. There are also differences in the control positions because of differences in the operation of the two. The following is a list of those flight controllers located in Mission Control Center – Houston. There are several other control centers which house dozens of other flight controllers that support the vastly complex vehicle.
Positions formerly used but eliminated or modified:
Assembly and checkout officer (ACO) – Retired position at end of shuttle. Was responsible for the integration of assembly and activation tasks for all ISS systems and elements. Coordinated with station and shuttle flight controllers on the execution of these operations. Was also the front room position to ACO Transfer who was responsible for the exchange of cargo between the shuttle and the ISS.
Cargo integration officer (CIO) – Former front room position that answered for ISO and PLUTO
Station duty officer (SDO) – During early phases of ISS, when the vehicle was free-flying (no shuttle present) and uncrewed, the SDO and GC were the only positions on duty, and would call in the appropriate personnel if any problems arose.
Starting in 2001, the ISS flight control room has consolidated six of the below positions into just two, to reduce staffing during low-activity periods. This concept is known as Gemini. After Assembly complete, the Gemini concept was eliminated in the realignment of the core ISS flight control positions.
TITAN (Telemetry, Information Transfer, and Attitude Navigation) is responsible for Communication & Tracking (CATO), Command & Data Handling (ODIN), and Motion Control Systems (ADCO).
ATLAS (Atmosphere, Thermal, Lighting and Articulation Specialist) is responsible for Thermal Control (THOR), Environmental Control & Life Support (ECLSS), and Electrical Power Systems (PHALCON). ATLAS is also responsible for monitoring Robotics (ROBO) and Mechanical Systems (OSO) heaters, as those consoles are not supported during the majority of Gemini shifts.
Attitude determination and control officer (ADCO)
Works in partnership with Russian controllers to determine and manage the station's orientation, controlled by the on board motion control systems. This position also plans and calculates future orientations and maneuvers for the station and is responsible for docking the ISS with other vehicles.
MPSR positions
HawkI – Pronounced (Hawk-eye) – provides expert support monitoring of all US GNC systems, leaving the ADCO to coordinate with other flight controllers and MCC-M. Hawki is actually a strung-together set of common engineering abbreviations for quantities that affect or reflect ISS attitude, primarily chosen because they fit well enough to make a name:
H – Momentum.
α – angular rate.
ω – angular velocity.
k – kinetic energy.
I – moment of inertia.
Biomedical engineer (BME)
The BME monitors health-related station systems and Crew Health Care Systems (CHeCS) equipment. The BME provides technical and operational support for CHeCS and all other medical operations activities. Along with the SURGEON, the BME serves as a Medical Operations Branch representative to the USOS Flight Control Team.
Communication and tracking officer (CATO)
Responsible for management and operations of the U.S. communication systems, including audio, video, telemetry and commanding systems.
Environmental control and life support system (ECLSS)
Responsible for the assembly and operation of systems related to atmosphere control and supply, atmosphere revitalization, cabin air temperature and humidity control, circulation, fire detection and suppression, water collection and processing and crew hygiene equipment, among other areas.
MPSR Position
ACE (Atmosphere and Consumables Engineer)
Extravehicular activity officer (EVA)
Responsible for all spacesuit and spacewalking-related tasks, equipment and plans when the EVA takes place from the ISS.
Inventory and stowage officer (ISO)
Responsible for the daily tracking and inventory of all US cargo on the ISS. ISO is the integrator for all cargo that is delivered to and from the ISS for ATV, HTV, Dragon, and Cygnus vehicles.
Integration systems engineer (ISE)
A specialist position, the ISE is the systems liaison between ISS and visiting vehicles that are berthed to the US side of ISS. The ISE flight control is responsible for the safety of the ISS such that the visiting vehicle can safely approach, berth, and integrate with the ISS. This includes HTV, Dragon, Cygnus, and even special missions like the deployment of Bigelow Expandable Activity Module (BEAM). ISE works closely with VVO.
Onboard data interfaces and networks (ODIN)
The ODIN is responsible for the Command and Data Handling (C&DH) system, the Portable Computer System (PCS) computers, the Caution & Warning (C&W) system, overall responsibility for commanding, and interfaces with International Partner avionics systems. The C&DH system consists of the Multiplexer/DeMultiplexers (MDMs) which are the ISS computers. Core software in each MDM (not User Application Software), the MIL-STD-1553 data busses, Automated Payload Switches (APSs), fiber optic network, Payload Ethernet Hub Gateway (PEHG), and the Ethernet network. This does not include the Ops LAN, Station Support Computers (SSC), or file server.
MPSR positions
Resource avionics engineer (RAVEN)
Operations planner (OPSPLAN)
Leads the coordination, development and maintenance of the station's short-term plan, including crew and ground activities. The plan includes the production and uplink of the on board station plan and the coordination and maintenance of the on board inventory and stowage listings.
MPSR positions
Real time planning engineer (RPE)
Real time planning engineer support (RPE-Support)
Orbital communications adapter officer (OCA)
on board data file and procedures officer (ODF)
Operations support officer (OSO)
Charged with those logistics support functions that address on-orbit maintenance, support data and documentation, logistics information systems, maintenance data collection and maintenance analysis. The OSO is also responsible for mechanical systems—such as those used to attach new modules or truss sections to the vehicle during assembly.
MPSR position
OSO Support
Plug-in port utilization officer (PLUTO)
The name PLUTO is inherited from the flight controller's original role, which was to maintain and coordinate changes to the U.S. segment of the electrical plug-in plan (PiP). The PiP is the tracking of portable electronic equipment, making sure equipment connected is compatible and does not violate constraints, and will not overdraw the power source. Along with this, PLUTO is responsible for maintaining the OPSLAN (Operations Local Area Network) and the JSL (Joint Station LAN). PLUTO has remote desktop administration and monitoring capability to the network from the ground. The PLUTO is also responsible for certain Station Developmental Test Objectives, or SDTOs during the mission. This includes programming the Wireless Instrumentation System (WIS) and also remote desktop commanding for ROBONAUT activities.
MPSR position
Hydra
Power, heating, articulation, lighting control officer (PHALCON)
Manages the power generation, storage, and power distribution capabilities.
Remote interface officer (RIO)
Formerly known as the Russian interface officer. Responsible for integrating operations between MCC-Houston (MCC-H) and the other International Partner (IP) Control Centers. RIO is a FCR-1 position in MCC-Houston and works closely in conjunction with the Houston Support Group (HSG) teams located at the IP Control Centers:
HSG-Moscow (HSG-M): Team of NASA Flight Controllers working with Russian Flight Controllers at MCC-Moscow (MCC-M). Responsible for integrating operations between MCC-H and MCC-M. HSG-M also has taken over operations of the US segment of ISS during Hurricanes Lili and Rita (2002 and 2005, respectively). MSFC in Huntsville took over ISS Backup Control Center operations from HSG-M in 2008.
HSG-Columbus (HSG-C): Small team of NASA Flight Controllers that were responsible for integrating MCC-H and Columbus Control Center (COL-CC) operations at Oberpfaffenhofen, near Munich, Germany. Following completion of Columbus commissioning in August 2008, this team discontinued operations.
HSG-ATV (HSG-A): Small team of NASA Flight Controllers responsible for integrating MCC-H and Autonomous Transfer Vehicle (ATV) operations at ATV-CC near Toulouse, France. Following completion of the ATV5 mission in February 2015, this team discontinued operations.
HSG-Japan (HSG-J): Small team of NASA Flight Controllers responsible for integrating MCC-H and Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) and H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV) operations at the Space Station Integration and Promotions Center (SSIPC) at Tsukuba, Japan near Tokyo. This team discontinued permanent operations in October 2008, but afterwards did temporarily support the STS-127 and HTV-1 missions.
Robotics operations systems officer (ROBO)
Responsible for the operations of the Canadian Mobile Servicing System (MSS), which includes a mobile base system, station robotic arm, station robotic hand or special purpose dexterous manipulator. (Call sign: ROBO) represents a joint NASA-Canadian Space Agency team of specialists to plan and execute robotic operations.
MPSR Position: MSS Systems
MPSR Position: MSS Task
Thermal operations and resources (THOR)
Responsible for the assembly and operation of multiple station subsystems which collect, distribute, and reject waste heat from critical equipment and payloads.
Trajectory operations officer (TOPO)
Responsible for the station trajectory. The TOPO works in partnership with Russian controllers, ADCO, and the U.S. Space Command to maintain data regarding the station's orbital position. TOPO plans all station orbital maneuvers.
Visiting vehicle officer (VVO)
A specialist position, the VVO is the guidance and navigation liaison between the ISS and "visiting vehicles" such as Progress, Soyuz or Dragon.
ISS flight control positions 2010–present
After "Assembly Complete" in 2010 (which was the name given to the phase following the completion of the ISS assembly using the Space Shuttle), the core ISS flight control positions were realigned and the Gemini manning concept eliminated. While the other specialty positions – ADCO, BME, EVA, ISO, ISE, OPSPLAN, OSO, PLUTO, RIO, ROBO, TOPO, and VVO – remain the same, the new core positions are:
Communications RF on board networks utilization specialist (CRONUS)
This is a combination of the previous ODIN and CATO positions. Responsibilities for this group include the control and monitoring of on-board command and data systems (i.e. computers). Video cameras, both on board and external, are managed by CRONUS. The Caution And Warning System is also used to alert the crew and flight controllers to serious and dangerous safety situations. Communication radios, both for space-to-ground communication (S-Band and Ku-Band) and space-to-space communication (C2V2) are operated by CRONUS.
MPSR Position: RAPTOR
Environmental and Thermal operating systems (ETHOS)
This consists of the ECLSS system responsibilities as well as the internal thermal control systems from THOR.
MPSR position: TREC
Station power, articulation, thermal, and analysis (SPARTAN)
This consists of the electrical power (old PHALCON) and external thermal control systems from THOR.
MPSR position: SPOC
Exploration Flight Test-1 (2014)
The Orion program, later to become part of the Artemis program, had its own flight control team, mostly derived from Space Shuttle flight control positions. The Primary Team sat in the main flight control room (FCR), while the Support Team sat in the various multi-purpose support rooms (MPSRs) nearby. All positions named below had similar responsibilities to their Shuttle counterparts. The Orion flight control team operated out of the Blue FCR, which had previously been used in the early days of ISS. As this was an uncrewed mission, the CAPCOM and SURGEON were not needed on console.
Command and Data Handling (C&DH)
Responsible for the command and data handling system, including the flight control module, the on-board storage module, the Orion data network and portions of the power and data units.
Support Team position: C&DH Support
Emergency, Environmental, and Consumables manager (EECOM)
Responsible for spacecraft pressure control and active thermal control systems.
Support Team position: EECOM Support
Electrical Power System Officer (EPS)
Responsible for spacecraft electrical and mechanical systems.
Support Team position: EPS MPSR
Flight Dynamics Officer (FDO)
Responsible for the pre-launch heading alignment update and orbit and entry trajectory predictions.
Support Team position: DOD-H
Support Team position: Landing Support Officer (LSO) - responsible for relaying mission status and milestones to external interfaces, such as the State Department, the Department of Defense, the recovery team, NASA Headquarters and others as required
Support Team position: Trajectory Officer (TRAJ)
Support Team position: Weather - responsible for providing landing and contingency weather forecasts, as well as sea state information; located in a supporting room in the Mission Control Center
Flight Director (FLIGHT)
The responsible authority for the spacecraft between liftoff and the post-splashdown handover to the Orion recovery team. Provide a go or no-go decision for Orion's launch to the Mission Management Team and provide recommendations on operations outside the flight rules as needed.
Flight Operations Directorate (FOD)
Formerly known as MOD (Mission Operations Directorate), the console position representing the Directorate was renamed when the directorate itself was, taking the Apollo-era name of Flight Operations Directorate.
Ground Control Officer (GC)
Responsible for ground data systems and data flows that interface with the Mission Control Center.
Guidance Navigation and Control Officer (GNC)
Responsible for operations of the navigation hardware, including inertial measurement units, barometric altimeters and the GPS receiver and antennas.
Support Team position: GNC Support
Support Team position: Nav
Guidance Officer (GUIDANCE)
Responsible for the onboard navigation performance; launch vehicle and onboard navigation state vector quality assessments; guidance performance monitoring and associated flight test objectives evaluations; ground navigation processing and best state vector source determination; and the Mission Control Center contingency state vector update command.
Support Team position: Pointing
Instrumentation and Communications Officer (INCO)
Responsible for Orion's communication systems, development flight instrumentation systems, video systems and recovery beacon; INCO sends all nominal and contingency commands to Orion.
Support Team position: INCO Support
Public Affairs Officer (PAO)
Propulsion Officer (PROP)
Responsible for the propulsion system hardware and software.
Support Team position: PROP Support
Commercial Crew, 2019-present
While SpaceX manages its own Mission Control Center for Dragon 2 vehicles in Hawthorne, CA, the management of the Boeing CST-100 Starliner launch, orbit, and entry operations is controlled from various flight control rooms in MCC Houston (MCC-H) collectively known as MCC-CST. The concept of operations in MCC-CST is derived from the Space Shuttle flight control room, and the following positions are largely unchanged from Shuttle responsibilities: CAPCOM, EECOM, FAO, FDO, Flight, FOD, GC, GNC, INCO, PAO, PROP, RNDZ, Surgeon, and TRAJ.
Some positions were formerly Shuttle back-room positions: Crew Systems, Nav, Pointing, Profile, Timeline, and Weather
And the positions newly invented for CST-100: CDH, FDF, MPO (combining the Shuttle's EGIL and MMACS controllers), Recovery, SDO, and Tablet
Newly invented position for SpaceX Crew Dragon 2 is CORE (replaces CAPCOM among other roles)
Command and Data Handling (CDH)
CDH is responsible for monitoring the health and status of the CST-100 avionics systems including the on board computers, display units, keyboards, on board data bus, wireless networks, tablets, on board software, data services for payloads and more.
Crew Systems and Photo/TV
The roles and responsibilities for CREW SYSTEMS include developing operations products supporting crew and cargo integration and being hardware experts for flight crew equipment that deal with crew escape, human habitability, productivity, and well-being. The docking system centerline camera and digital imagery experts from Photo/ TV group will be relied upon for direct mission support and training.
Emergency, Environmental, and Consumables Management (EECOM)
EECOM is responsible for the environmental control and life support systems; monitoring and control of the active thermal control subsystems; atmosphere; suits; consumables management and reporting; cooling services for payloads and ingress/egress support. EECOM leads an integrated team response to emergencies (fire/cabin leak/toxic atmosphere/loss of cooling), and to internal and EECOM system leaks.
Flight Data File (FDF)
FDF manages the development and publication of FDF books for use by the crew and flight controllers. FDF provides real-time support for crew procedures and other FDF related activities. Duties include coordinating technical changes to procedures with flight directors, flight controllers, crew, and international partners. The FDF develops software requirements for procedures tools.
Flight Activities Officer (FAO)
FAO leads the coordination and integration of the crew activities, ground activities and attitude timeline into an integrated flight plan that meets the mission requirements defined by the program. For missions to the International Space Station (ISS), the FAO also works with the ISS Operations Planner to integrate CST-100 vehicle operations and preparations into the station timeline during both the joint-mission timeframe and during quiescent operations.
Flight Dynamics Officer (FDO)
FDO is responsible for pre-mission planning and real-time execution of all CST-100 trajectory operations, including launch, undocking re-entry and landing.
Ground Control (GC)
The GC team is responsible for the ground systems infrastructure and ground communications necessary to perform planning, training, testing, execution and evaluation of human spaceflight mission operations at the Johnson Space Center Mission Control Center for Boeing CST Mission Operations (MCC-CST).
Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC)
GNC manages guidance, navigation and control hardware, and associated software during all phases of flight, including GPS, attitude controllers, the Vision-based Electro-optical Sensor Tracking Assemblies (VESTAs) and more.
Integrated Communications Officer (INCO)
INCO is responsible for monitoring the health and status of the communications avionics including the Space-to-Ground (S/G) and Space-to-Space (S/S) systems, handheld radio communication, command encryption, audio systems and associated loose equipment functionality such as handheld microphones and headsets.
Mechanical and Power Officer (MPO)
MPO is responsible for the CST-100 spacecraft electrical, mechanical, structural, and landing and recovery systems. These systems include batteries, solar arrays, power converters, interior lighting, vehicle structure, thermal protection, parachutes, airbags, crew hardware and more.
Navigation (NAV)
NAV is responsible for ensuring both the on board and ground segments of the CST-100 navigation system is operating properly. NAV monitors performance of the on board navigation hardware and software, sensor status and performance, acceptability of sensor data, navigation convergence, VESTA performance and the VESTA Ground Station. NAV supports the GNC officer for issues related to relative and inertial navigation hardware, and for inertial navigation performance. NAV supports FDO for relative navigation performance monitoring and troubleshooting.
Public Affairs Officer (PAO)
PAO duties will be shared between NASA and Boeing. PAO coordinates news media events between the news media and the crew and/or Mission Control, and provides mission commentary to supplement and explain air-to-ground transmissions and flight control operations to the news media and the public.
Pointing
The Pointing console is responsible the integration of all CST-100 Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) communication requirements, communication predictions and unique target lines-of-sight analysis for payloads and on board systems. Pointing also provides attitude optimization to support unique pointing requirements, as needed.
Profile
The Profile console monitors the CST-100 relative trajectory and translational maneuvers to ensure performance within defined limits. Profile assists in monitoring the progress of crew and automated procedures related to rendezvous and proximity operations. Profile monitors vehicle compliance with applicable flight rules and provides to the Rendezvous position a go/no-go recommendation prior to Authority to Proceed (ATP) points. Profile maintains awareness of potential vehicle automated responses to failure conditions and the resulting abort trajectories.
Propulsion (PROP)
PROP is responsible for all aspects of the operation and management of the propulsion system hardware and software used during all phases of flight. This includes thruster performance and propellant usage, translation burns and attitude control maneuvers, and consumables budgeting, management and reporting.
Recovery
The Recovery position is responsible for planning CST-100 recovery and executing recovery operations once the vehicle has landed.
Rendezvous (RNDZ)
The Rendezvous position monitors the CST-100 during integrated operations with the space station and ensures that all space station trajectory safety requirements are satisfied. Rendezvous is the primary interface to the space station Visiting Vehicle Officer (VVO) and monitors relative navigation, guidance, and trajectory performance in the proximity operations, docking, separation and flyaround phases of flight.
Starliner Duty Officer (SDO)
For the OFT mission only, the SDO is responsible for monitoring the CST-100 while it is docked to the space station in a quiescent configuration while the remainder of the CST-100 Flight Control Team is on-call. The SDO is responsible for leading the ground and crew response to Starliner events that result in cautions or warnings on the space station.
Tablet
The Tablet position monitors crew usage of the tablet devices and provides assistance/advice to the crew as needed.
Timeline
The Timeline position assists the FAO in all aspects of preflight mission planning and coordination, and in real-time planning and replanning operations. TIMELINE generates the pre-flight timelines for the flight plan, monitors in-flight crew activities and coordinates activities with other flight controllers.
Trajectory (TRAJ)
TRAJ tracks the spacecraft's position in orbit to support acquisitions, plotting, external notifications, conjunction screening, and debris conjunction message evaluation and notification. TRAJ coordinates trajectory planning and events with the mission planning team, and is the primary member of the team responsible for running the CST-100 simulation to accomplish replanning and position update tasks.
Weather
The Weather officer provides weather forecasts and real-time weather observations for launch and landing operations to the mission management community, Flight Director, and flight control team. The Weather officer manages meteorological forecasting models and computer systems that access and assemble radar and satellite imagery, and provides mission-critical inputs to the flight director for go-for-launch and go-for-deorbit decisions.
Crew Operations and Resources Engineer (CORE)
CORE or Crew Operations and Resources Engineer is SpaceX Crew Dragon 2 specific position that replaces CAPCOM and is the point person between Mission Control and crew on board the Dragon 2 spacecraft.
See also
Space centers and mission control centers
Baikonur Cosmodrome (launch control center for the Russian Federal Space Agency, Tyuratam, Kazakhstan)
Beijing Aerospace Command and Control Center (mission control center for the China National Space Administration, Beijing, People's Republic of China)
Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center (mission control center for NASA, Houston, Texas)
John H. Chapman Space Centre, the Canadian Space Agency Robotics Misison Control centre, Longueuil, Quebec
European Space Operations Centre (mission control center for the European Space Agency, Darmstadt, Germany)
German Space Operations Center (mission control center for the German Aerospace Center, including Columbus Control Centre for the European Space Agency, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany)
Guiana Space Centre (launch control center for the European Space Agency, the French space agency CNES, and the commercial Arianespace, Kourou, French Guiana)
Kennedy Space Center (NASA launch center, Cape Canaveral, Florida)
Johnson Space Center (NASA field center, Houston, Texas)
Payload Operations and Integration Center (Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL)
RKA Mission Control Center (mission control center for the Russian Federal Space Agency, Korolyov, Russia)
SpaceX Headquarters and Mission Control Center (mission control center for SpaceX Dragon 2, Hawthorne, California)
Tanegashima Space Center (launch control center for JAXA, Tanegashima Island, Japan)
Tsukuba Space Center (mission control center for JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan)
Current and former NASA human space flight programs
Mercury program
Gemini program
Apollo program
Skylab
Space Shuttle program
International Space Station
Former NASA flight controllers
John Aaron, EECOM
Steve Bales, GUIDO
Jay Greene, FDO, Range Safety, Flight Director
John Hodge, Flight Director
Christopher C. Kraft, Jr., Flight Director
Eugene Kranz, Flight Director
Sy Liebergot, EECOM
Glynn Lunney, FDO, Flight Director
Roger Balettie, FDO
William (Bill) Gravett, PHALCON (Apollo), EGIL (STS)
References
Sources
External links
National Park Service mission control page
Space Station Live!
Flight Dynamics Officer (FDO)
Former FDO Roger Balettie
What is a FDO?
What is the FDO looking at?
Former FDO Chris Edelen
Former Targeting Michael Grabois, behind the scenes at a launch from the MPSR
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight%20controller
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is a Japanese manga artist. She is best known for the manga, High School Girls which was adapted to an anime called Girl's High. Her father, Yasuichi Oshima, was a successful manga artist as well.
Manga
High School Girls (2001–06), originally serialized in Futabasha's Weekly Manga Action magazine from 2001–04, then Comic High! from 2004–06.
Mel Kano - Serialized in Japan by Monthly Sunday Gene-X Magazine.
同棲レシピ (dōsei reshipi) - Serialized in Japan by Square Enix's bi-weekly Young Gangan Magazine.
Berry Ecstasy
Towakan
Dousei Recipe
Joshikousei: Girls-Live – a sequel to High School Girls
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Manga artists from Tokyo
University of Tokyo alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towa%20Oshima
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Grand-Hornu is an old industrial coal mining complex and company town (cité ouvrière) in Hornu (Boussu), near Mons, in Belgium. It was built by Henri De Gorge between 1810 and 1830. It is a unique example of functional town-planning. Today it is owned by the province of Hainaut, which houses temporary exhibitions in the buildings. It is one of the four industrial sites which were listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 2012
External links
Official website
Grand-Hornu at 365.be
Wallonia's Major Heritage
Buildings and structures in Hainaut (province)
Mines in Belgium
Museums in Hainaut (province)
Art museums and galleries in Belgium
World Heritage Sites in Belgium
Company towns
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand-Hornu
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Peggy March (born Margaret Annemarie Battavio, March 8, 1948) is an American pop singer. In the United States, she is primarily known for her 1963 million-selling song "I Will Follow Him". Although she is sometimes remembered as a one-hit wonder, she continued to have success in Europe well into the 1970s.
Career
Born to an Italian-American family, March was discovered at age 13 singing at her cousin's wedding and was introduced to record producers Hugo & Luigi. They gave her the nickname Little Peggy March because she was tall, she was only 13, the record she did with them was "Little Me", and her birthday was in March.
On April 24, 1963, her single "I Will Follow Him" soared to number one on the United States charts. She recorded the song in early January 1963 and it was released on January 22, when she was only 14. March became the youngest female artist with a number-one hit, at 15, in late April 1963, a record that still stands for the Billboard Hot 100. The recording also reached number one in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Japan, and Scandinavia. It failed to chart in the United Kingdom. It was a translation of the French song "Chariot" recorded a year earlier by Petula Clark. March also became the first white female solo artist to hit number one on the Billboard R&B chart.
March's success also came with financial trouble. She was a minor and the "Coogan Law" prevented her parents from managing her money. The responsibility was placed on her manager, Russell Smith. It was discovered in 1966 that he had squandered the fortune, leaving her with $500. March graduated from Lansdale Catholic High School in 1966.
Although she is remembered in the United States by some as a one-hit wonder, her singles, "I Wish I Were a Princess" and "Hello Heartache, Goodbye Love". made the top 30 in the US, with the latter also reaching No. 29 on the UK Singles Chart. As with many American artists, March's career in her native country was derailed in part by the British Invasion, which at the time was pushing many American acts out of popularity, and she had no hits at home once the Invasion began in 1964. Recording for RCA Victor, March made 18 singles from 1964 to 1971. She also cut several albums, none of which sold well in the United States. She began having a strong presence in the European and Asian music markets and moved to Germany in 1969. She won the Deutscher Schlager Contest in 1965 and her song "Mit 17 hat man noch Träume" ("At 17 you still have dreams") placed No. 2 in the German Singles Chart. This was followed by German songs like "In der Carnaby Street", "Einmal verliebt – immer verliebt", "Romeo und Julia" ("On Carnaby Street", "Once in Love – Always in Love", "Romeo and Juliet" ... No. 1 in German Charts), "Der Schuster macht schöne Schuhe" ("'The Cobbler Makes Beautiful Shoes"), "Telegramm aus Tennessee", "Die Maschen der Männer" and "Das sind die Träume, die man so träumt". Her commercial success in Germany continued through much of the 1970s; she tried her luck in representing Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest in 1969, only to be placed second in the national final with the song "Hey! Das ist Musik für mich". March made another Eurovision attempt in 1975, when she performed the Ralph Siegel composition "Alles geht vorüber" in the German national contest. Again, she was placed second.
In 1979, she experimented with disco on the album Electrifying, but it failed to achieve commercial success. By 1981 EMI did not renew her contract, and she moved back to the United States. In 1984, however, Jermaine Jackson and Pia Zadora achieved a major European hit single with the track "When the Rain Begins to Fall", co-written by March. Although not a hit in the UK or in the US, it went to #1 in Germany, France, the Netherlands and Switzerland. In 1998, the song entered the German Top 10 again when covered by rapper Pappa Bear. The cult film Hairspray featured "I Wish I Were a Princess" in 1988, and a retro fad in Germany brought her some continuing success starting in the mid-1990s with the album Die Freiheit Frau zu sein (1995). Her song "I Will Follow Him" was featured in the 1992 movie Sister Act.
March currently works largely in Germany and in the Las Vegas music scene and has also performed at Dick Clark's American Bandstand Theater in Branson, Missouri. In 2004 she was the headliner in Riff Markowitz's Fabulous Palm Springs Follies at the Plaza Theater in Palm Springs, California. In 2005, she released an album of standards, Get Happy, followed by the album Meine Liebe ist stark genug (2008).
In March 2010, March went into the recording studio to record her first album of new, original material in English in over 30 years. A collaboration with Scandinavian songwriter and producer Soren Jensen, the album Always and Forever was released on October 13, 2010. It was followed by a special edition for the German-speaking countries in April 2012, including two duets with the Dutch singer José Hoebee, one of them being a cover version of "I Will Follow Him"; which had also been a number-one single in the Netherlands and Belgium for Hoebee in 1982 (March further recorded a subsequent recording in 2012 for a 2013 release to commemorate the song's 50th anniversary). March also recorded another version of "When the Rain Begins to Fall", as a duet with the German singer Andreas Zaron.
Personal life
In 1969, March married Arnie Harris, her longtime manager. They had one daughter, Sande Ann, born in 1974. In 2013, Harris died. After living in Germany since 1969, March moved to Florida in 1999.
Discography
Singles
Albums
References
External links
fan site
Dick Clark's American Bandstand Theater
[ Little Peggy March biography] provided by AllMusic
1948 births
Living people
American people of Italian descent
American expatriates in Germany
American women pop singers
RCA Victor artists
People from Lansdale, Pennsylvania
Singers from Pennsylvania
21st-century American women
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy%20March
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Below is a list of newspapers published in Bulgaria.
0-9
168 Chasa
24 Chasa (left-wing)
7 Dni Sport
A
ABV
Agrovestnik
Arh i Art borsa
Ataka
Avto Moto Svyat
Avto trud
B
Balgarsko voynstvo
Bilka
Biznes kontakti
Biznes vesti
Bojie slovo
Byudjeten konsultant
Byuletin Voenen glas
Bulgaria Today
Bulgaria Today/Bulgaria Dnes
Bulgarian army
Bulgarian farmer
Bulgarian transport newspaper
Bulgarian writer
C
Capital (liberal conservative, pro-business)
D
Dar
Darjaven vestnik
Detonatsia
Dneven Trud
Dnevnik
Duma
G
Gimnazist
Glaven schetovoditel
H
I
Idealen dom
Ikonomicheski jivot
Imoti
Impuls
Iskrenno i lichno
J
Jena
Jenski svyat
Jensko charstvo
Jensko zdrave
K
Krisse-basse
KESH
Kultura
Kuraj
L
Levski
Lichna drama
Literaturen vestnik
M
Makedonia
Maja Lugter
Media svyat
Meditsinski magazin
Mejduchasie
Meridian Match
Misterii na tsilivizatsyata
Mobilen svyat
Monitor
Moyata sadba
Morski vestnik
Moto spravochnik
N
Natsionalen kurier 5
Natsionalen podem
Natsionalna biznes poshta
Nad 55
Naroden lechitel
Nasluka
Nie jenite
NLO
O
Osteoporoza
P
Pchela i kosher
Pensioneri
Politika
Praktichna domakinya
Prelom
R
Rabotnichesko delo
Retsepti za zdrave
Revyu
Ribar
Ribolov
Rikcho
Riki kandidat-gimnazist
Rusia dnes
S
Semeen advokat
Semeen globus
Slavia
Smyah
Standart (newspaper)
Stomatologichen svyat
Strogo sektretno
Svetat v mrejata
Svobodna misal
T
Taber Sofia
Trud
V
Vestnikat
Vkusen svyat
Vsichko za vseki
Z
Za jenata
Zastrahovatel
Zemedelska tehnika
Zemedelsko zname
Zemia
Zlatna vazrast
Zora Nova
See also
List of magazines in Bulgaria
Further reading
Bulgaria
Newspapers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20Bulgaria
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Barrow Gurney Reservoirs () (also known as Barrow Gurney Tanks or Barrow Tanks) are three artificial reservoirs for drinking water near the village of Barrow Gurney, which lies southwest of Bristol, England. They are known by their numbers rather than names.
They are fed by several springs including one which becomes the Land Yeo. Some of the outfall is also used to feed the river which flows to the Bristol Channel.
There are three reservoirs in total, one (Tank number three, to the north of the A38 and two (Tank number one, and number two, to the south.
The reservoirs are operated by Bristol Water. The first opened in 1852 to store the water from the newly finished "Line of Works", but within two years it developed a leak and had to be drained for repair, causing serious disruption to Bristol's water supply. Over the following decades, work was undertaken to improve the water quality. First with sand filters and in 1935 with chlorination
During 1962 maximum output was increased from to a day by lowering the outlet of the filtered tank and duplicating inlets to the seven filters which received microstrained water.
The stony banks on all the tanks provide a habitat for sedges.
Fishing (under permit) is generally for rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss, formerly Salmo iridia) and Brown trout (Salmo trutta morpha fario and S. trutta morpha lacustris).
References
Drinking water reservoirs in England
Reservoirs in Somerset
Environment of Bristol
Protected areas of Somerset
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrow%20Gurney%20Reservoirs
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The Markusbierg tunnels are a pair of parallel tunnels, which form the most easterly section of the A13 motorway through Luxembourg, near the town of Schengen. The tunnels are 1575 metres in length, and descend easterly, towards the German border at a 5% gradient. The eastern end of the tunnel runs directly to a viaduct crossing the river Moselle, which forms the border with Germany.
Construction work was initiated on 15 September 1997 and the tunnels opened to public traffic on 24 July 2003, along with the rest of the A13 motorway. Total construction costs were €65m, including €15m for the installation of added security systems.
Each tunnel has regular emergency crossing points into the other, to allow escape in case of emergency. In addition to the normal lighting of the tunnels, and because of their gradient and curve, the road edges (including the kerb) are also fully illuminated, which helps to indicate the tight radius. Support staff are located near the German border.
External links
Paul Wagner et fils - Safety Contractor
Luxembourg Roads and Bridges Authority
Remich (canton)
Tunnels in Luxembourg
Tunnels completed in 2003
Road tunnels
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markusbierg%20Tunnel
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HNoMS Ellida was a Royal Norwegian Navy corvette first commissioned 16 May 1849.
Cordt Holtermann Valeur was her first commander. The ship was used as a cadet-ship until 1864 and sold in 1866.
Sources
Norwegian Navy history page
Corvettes of the Royal Norwegian Navy
Ships built in Horten
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNoMS%20Ellida%20%281849%29
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The Outside Chance of Maximilian Glick is a 1988 Canadian film based on the novel by Morley Torgov. The film was shot in Winnipeg and Beausejour, Manitoba.
Plot
The early 1960s: In preparation for his Bar Mitzvah, a Jewish boy from a small Manitoba community with an overbearing family tries to navigate his coming-of-age with his family's condescension and bigotry using his sarcastic Jewish humor. The town's rabbi dies, and a subplot develops in which Max's father and grandfather (synagogue leaders) are saddled with a traditional Hassidic rabbi who sticks out like a sore thumb among the otherwise assimilated Jewish community. To make matters more difficult, Max likes a Catholic girl, with whom he later duets in a piano competition. The quirky, fun-loving rabbi tries to help him with his problems, yet harbours a secret ambition of his own.
Primary cast
Noam Zylberman - Maximilian Glick
Jan Rubeš - Augustus Glick
Susan Douglas Rubeš - Bryna Glick
Sharon Corder - Sarah Glick
Aaron Schwartz - Henry Glick
Howard Jerome - Zelig Peikes
Nigel Bennett - Derek Blackthorn
Fairuza Balk - Celia Brzjinski
Saul Rubinek - Rabbi Teitelman
Production
Development
In 1985, Stephen Foster was hired by Meta Communications, led by his friend Alan Morinis, to work as vice president of development for its production division, Northern Lights Media Corporation. Foster bought the film rights to Morley Torgov's novel The Outside Chance of Maximilian Glick for $25,000, but was unable to buy the television rights due to opposition from other members of Northern Lights Media Corporation.
Joe Wiesenfeld, the writer of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's adaption Anne of Green Gables, was asked to write the film, but he was involved with another project. Paul Shapiro was also asked, but Shapiro wanted to work on a feature film while Foster was planning The Outside Chance of Maximilian Glick to be a television film. Phil Savath was hired to write the script in June 1986, but was doubtful about the project due to Foster and his company's inexperience.
Savath wrote a treatment in two weeks and offered to write a first draft if further funds were raised for the film. Foster unsuccessfully sought funding from numerous groups, including the Jewish community of Vancouver. Don Smith, who worked at an affiliate of CTV News, gave the film $1,000 for its treatment, thousands for further script development, and a $11,000 equity position in the production financing. Telefilm Canada provided $5,000 in funding. Foster later sought a development budget of $50,000-60,000 which was funded by CBC, BCTV, and Telefilm.
Savath was shocked that the film received its funding and started writing the script in November 1986, and his first draft received positive reviews from friends in February 1987. Foster and Savath did not like the title of the film, but chose to retain it as their proposed titles of Red River Rabbi, Bar Mitzvah Boy, and Maximilian Glick and the Master of the Universe were not better.
Funding
The film cost $2,354,900. It was given a preliminary budget of $1.5 million, based off of My American Cousin which Foster believed to be in similar scale, and cost $2,354,900 to make. Foster hired Richard Davis, a film producer from Australia who once headed the New South Wales film commission, to co-produce the film as he understood budgeting better. This was Davis' first film in Canada. Foster attempted to hire Peter O'Brian as an executive producer, but rejected O'Brian's creative demands.
Foster wanted the project to be a television film for the CBC, but CBC executives were opposed to the idea and requested a second draft before agreeing to a broadcast license pre-sale of $500,000. Foster wanted the pre-sale in order to apply for $725,000 from Telefilm's Broadcast Fund. John Kennedy, the head of drama at CBC, agreed to finance the film after a 15 minute meeting with Foster and Foster then received the funding from Telefilm. Foster attempted to obtain the remaining $250,000 needed from the Cultural Industries Development Office, but the organization's contribution was below its maximum of $300,000 and left Foster $75,000 below his target.
Linda Beath, the head of production at Telefilm, supported turning the project into a feature film. Telefilm's Broadcast Fund was running out of money while its fund with the National Film Board of Canada saw the project as a good candidate for funding. The film's budget was increased beyond its initial $1.5 million as Foster wanted to shoot in 35 mm instead of 16 mm. The NFB contributed $456,811 to the project and the B.C. Film Fund contributed $170,000, half of its equity in the film was sold to the Beacon Group.
The CBC opposed the project becoming a theatrical film and threatened to end its funding, but agreed to only reduce it to $250,000. The NFB demanded that it be given a lead credit against the wishes of Foster, but agreed to compromise with an "in association with" credit instead. Telefilm was going through budgetary problems at the time and froze all project funding resulting in Foster needing $50,000 to prevent suspending operations. Rudy Carter agreed to have the CBC give Foster the funds. B.C. Film and the NFB provided additional funding for until the beginning of Telefilm's next fiscial year.
The budget of the film consisted of $1,153,000 in funding from Telefilm, $456,811 from the NFB, $250,000 from CBC, $245,000 from CIDO, $170,000 from B.C. Film, $68,188 in tax deferrals, and $11,000 from BCTV. It was the most expensive film made in Manitoba up to that point.
Casting and crew
Foster wanted Sheldon Larry to direct the film and talked to Larry about casting Robin Williams or Jeff Goldblum for the role of Rabbi Teitleman. However, Telefilm would not commit as much money if an American actor was cast. Foster offered the position of director to Shapiro, Sandy Wilson, and George Bloomfield. He sent Torgov's novel to Allan A. Goldstein, who liked it and requested to see Savath's script. Goldstein accepted the offer while filming for American Playhouse and was paid $100,000. This was the first feature film Goldstein directed. Davis later hired Goldstein to direct Chaindance.
Foster hired casting agent Arlene Berman and she was able to hire all of the actors on his list except for two. Foster rejected all of the child actors that auditioned for Max Glick as he wanted Seth Green to play the role. However, he was not allowed to hire Green as he was American and Noam Zylberman was selected instead.
Foster wanted Saul Rubinek to play Rabbi Teitelman, but auditioned other actors first. He sent the script to Rubinek, but told him that he was to audition for Max's father. Rubinek made multiple requests to play Teitleman, but Foster declined to answer them in order to gain negotiating leverage. Rubinek agreed to play the role for $25,000 despite protests from his agent Ralph Zimmerman.
The film was edited by Richard Martin.
Filming
The film was shot in Winnipeg and Beausejour, Manitoba over the course of five weeks from November to December 1987. Eight indoor sets were built in an abandoned Winnipeg apartment, which the production managed to delay from being turned into an urban housing project. Foster and Davis used a local non-union crew in accordance with the agreement with CIDO.
Ian Elkin, who had never worked on a feature film, was originally selected as Director of Photography by Foster. Goldstein wanted Elkin replaced, but CIDO refused stating that a Manitoban was required for the position. Goldstein had a poor relationship with the crew with Davis stating that "Allan's not the most balanced of people" and that the "crew thought he was somewhere to the right of Attila the Hun". Goldstein punched his fist through a wall at one point during production.
Synagogue and piano competition scenes were filmed at the Baha'i Temple of Winnipeg.
Outdoor shooting had the be delayed due to a lack of snow in December resulting in indoor scenes being filmed first and some outdoor scenes being turned into indoor scenes. Savath considered changing the film from Christmas to Easter. The production planned on delaying filming until January, but it started snowing one day before production was meant to stop.
The film was subsequently adapted into the CBC Television comedy-drama series Max Glick.
Release
Foster first asked Northstar, headed by his friend Daniel Weinzweig, to distribute the film, but Weinzweig believed the film was better on television. Foster sold the Canadian distribution rights to René Malo's Malofilm for $250,000. However, Foster later decided that he needed a different distributor as "Malo kept sending these bizarrely Draconian contracts". A fine-cut screening of the film at Famous Players received unanimous praise except from the Malo representatives. Telefilm allowed Foster to end the distribution contract with Malofilm.
The film was shown at the 1988 Toronto Festival of Festivals. The distribution rights were sold to Alliance Films for a minimum of $250,000 after this screening. Alliance spent $100,000 advertising the film, including $10,000 spent on the film's trailer.
The Outside Chance of Maximilian Glick premiered in Winnipeg on 3 March 1989. Alliance did not want to open in Winnipeg as it felt it was too small, but Foster supported the decision. Foster stated that the premiere had "the deadest audience" and was mainly seen by local politicians. It was released in Toronto and Vancouver on 10 March. Foster stated that Cineplex Entertainment promised them multiple theatres in Toronto, but the film was only shown in one. Foster lobbied for the film to be shown in Vancouver's Jewish district as its original location would hurt the film. The film was released in Montreal on 19 May, and earned $40,106 during its theatrical run in the city. The film earned $179,981 in Canada after it was shown in Toronto for twelve weeks, Montreal for ten weeks, and Vancouver for six weeks.
Foster wanted The Samuel Goldwyn Company to distribute the film in the United States and hired Linda Beath, a former Telefilm employee, to shop the distribution rights around. Foster formed his own company, Fosterfilm, in 1989, leaving the foreign distribution rights to Northern Lights. Goldstein stated Davis and Foster "dropped the ball on the U.S. release" as according to him New Line Cinema, The Samuel Goldwyn Company, Orion Classics, and other companies made offers for the rights after the Toronto Festival of Festivals showing. International Movie Group gained the distribution rights after acquiring Northern Lights in 1989.
The United States and Israeli distribution rights were sold to South Gate Entertainment. The film performed poorly during test marketing in San Francisco. South Gate Entertainment lacked enough money for a proper theatrical run and later filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy and instead did a home video release. A theatrical run lasted in the Miami and Fort Lauderdale area for twenty-two weeks.
Reception
The film received mixed reviews. Variety'''s review stated that "Stereotypes never get out of the box in this slight, small-town comedy". Rick Groen, writing in The Globe and Mail, stated that the film was a "sweetly comic ode to the virtues of middle class life". Brian D. Johnson, writing in Maclean's'', stated that the film was full of "brotherhood themes too cutely portrayed".
Accolades
References
Works cited
External links
1988 films
Canadian coming-of-age comedy-drama films
English-language Canadian films
Films based on Canadian novels
Films shot in Winnipeg
Films set in the 1960s
National Film Board of Canada films
Films set in Manitoba
Films directed by Allan A. Goldstein
Films about Jews and Judaism
1980s coming-of-age comedy-drama films
Jewish Canadian films
1988 comedy films
1988 drama films
1980s English-language films
1980s Canadian films
1988 directorial debut films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Outside%20Chance%20of%20Maximilian%20Glick
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Jeff Alulis, better known by his stage name Jeff Penalty, is a writer, filmmaker, and musician, known mainly for his documentary work and his position as a former lead singer of Dead Kennedys.
Early life
Penalty was born and raised in Broomall, Pennsylvania. He attended college at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, where he was a member of the fencing team and attended graduate school at the University of Southern California, where he earned an MFA in Writing for Screen and Television and fenced on the Men's Épée team. As of 2016, he resides in Los Angeles, CA.
Musical career
Penalty's musical background was mostly as a drummer, performing temporarily with the Pennsylvania band Ralphus and the glam metal parody band Vaz Hoil. He also played drums with Sidekick and The Eyeliners on one occasion each. He shared vocal duties in the Massachusetts pop punk act Just About Done and sang for a short-lived California band called Stupid Ferrets.
In 2003, Penalty became the vocalist for Dead Kennedys, replacing Dr. Know's Brandon Cruz, who was with the band for two years following their reformation without original vocalist Jello Biafra, who has been found guilty of civil fraud and malice for withholding years worth of royalties from his former bandmates. Penalty had a fascination with Dead Kennedys ever since he listened to their debut album, Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables. He said singing for Dead Kennedys was "the realization of a dream I never even dared to have." Joining the band at twenty-five, he was considerably younger than his former bandmates. After performing over 50 shows with Dead Kennedys, in March 2008 Penalty announced he was parting ways with the band.
Penalty has since filled in on drums with pop-punk band The Dollyrots for tours of Canada and California, and on vocals for Reagan Youth for tours of California and Texas.
Film and television career
Penalty (under his given name, Jeff Alulis) directed and co-produced (along with Ryan Harlin of Techno Squirrels) Do You Remember? Fifteen Years Of The Bouncing Souls, which won the Best Documentary Feature award at the 2003 D.I.Y. Film Festival in Los Angeles. Alulis and Harlin have since gone on to direct/produce the documentary feature Let Them Know: The Story of Youth Brigade and BYO Records, which was an Official Selection at the 2009 San Francisco Independent Film Festival.
From 2006 through 2007, Alulis and Harlin traveled around the world with NOFX filming a tour documentary that later became the series NOFX: Backstage Passport on Fuse TV. Alulis and Harlin served as directors, camera operators, and executive producers on the show, which premiered at the 2008 SXSW Film Festival and aired on Fuse TV in the spring of that year. It was released as a double DVD set with two hours of bonus footage by Fat Wreck Chords on March 17, 2009.
Alulis and Harlin also directed/produced NOFX: Backstage Passport 2, a feature-length follow-up documentary filmed between 2009 and 2012 as NOFX returned to several South American countries where concerts had been canceled during the original "Backstage Passport" tour. It was released by Fat Wreck Chords on August 21, 2015, and won "Best Music Documentary" at both the Kingston Film Festival and the Oregon Independent Film Festival.
Writing
Penalty, as Alulis, was the writer for NOFX's official autobiography, NOFX: The Hepatitis Bathtub and Other Stories, published by Da Capo Press on April 12, 2016. The book reached number 9 on the New York Times bestseller list for paperback nonfiction two weeks after it was released. He was a featured author at the first It's Not Dead Festival in 2015.
On October 12, 2021, The Doors guitarist Robby Krieger released a memoir Set the Night on Fire: Living, Dying, and Playing Guitar With the Doors, which was cowritten with Alulis.
Appearances in pop culture
Franz Nicolay (most famed as former keyboard player of The Hold Steady) has recorded a song "Jeff Penalty" for his third solo album, Major General, previously appearing on the demo "The Black Rose Paladins". The song refers to a Dead Kennedys performance at Irving Plaza in New York City, at which Nicolay performed with the World/Inferno Friendship Society as an opening act, and the growth in appreciation by an initially cynical crowd.
References
External links
Official website
American punk rock singers
American punk rock musicians
University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni
USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni
Singers from California
Dead Kennedys members
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Marple Township, Pennsylvania
Reagan Youth members
21st-century American singers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Penalty
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Arachnophobia is the state of being afraid of spiders. Other uses include:
Arachnophobia (film), a 1990 American comedy-horror film starring Jeff Daniels
Arachnophobia (video game)
Arachnophobiac, an album by Michael Schenker Group, 2003
Araknofobia, a 1990s electronic music group
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arachnophobia%20%28disambiguation%29
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John Rae (1845 – 1915) was a Scottish journalist and biographer. The long-time editor of The Contemporary Review, and contributor to The British Quarterly Review, he became famous for his 1895 biography of Adam Smith, Life of Adam Smith, which replaced the Biographical Memoir of Adam Smith of 1811, by Dugald Stewart, as the standard Smith reference.
Bibliography
Contemporary Socialism (1884; and new editions 1891, 1901, 1908)
'The Eight Hours Day in Victoria' (1891), in: The Economic Journal (EJ), Vol. 1, pp. 15–42 (in Wikisource)
Eight Hours for Work (1894)
Life of Adam Smith (1895)
Notes
References
Rae: a journalist out of his depth, by Aaron B. Fuller, The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, November 2003
External links
1845 births
1915 deaths
Scottish biographers
Scottish magazine editors
Scottish journalists
Place of birth missing
Scottish political journalists
19th-century Scottish people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Rae%20%28biographer%29
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MV Kenilworth is a historic passenger ferry built in 1936 as MV Hotspur II. She was used on the Hythe Ferry service across Southampton Water until 1978, and then on the Kilcreggan ferry on the Firth of Clyde until 2007.
History
MV Hotspur II was built in 1936 by Rowhedge Ironworks as a passenger ferry for the Hythe Ferry service across Southampton Water. One of the Kenilworth'''s half-sisters, , remained operational with the Hythe Ferry service until 2014. The use of the name Hotspur for several generations of Hythe ferries derives from the involvement, and later ownership, of the ferry service by the Percy family, whose member Hotspur was immortalised by William Shakespeare.
In 1978, Hotspur II was bought by Clyde Marine Motoring to operate the Gourock – Kilcreggan service. Arriving on the Clyde on 22 March, she was modified before entering service on 2 April 1979. Renamed Kenilworth, after the novel Kenilworth by Walter Scott, she provided the main ferry service, initially on subcontract to Caledonian MacBrayne and after 1983, on behalf of Strathclyde Passenger Transport Executive. Other company vessels (Clyde Marine Services Ltd. from 2003), including and CalMac vessels provided relief.
Along with , Kenilworth was listed in the UK Historic Ship Register from 2001.
Replaced by the purpose-built in 2007, she continued to provide morning and afternoon cruises. In 2009, she was reported to be sold to a new owner in Inverness and was reportedly sold again in 2018 for conversion into a houseboat.
Kenilworth is berthed in Hartlepool undergoing restoration
2006 Incident
At 9.40 am BST on 23 October 2006, a US Navy warship taking part in the Neptune Warrior training exercise radioed the Kenilworth'' to warn "Unidentified vessel approaching on my starboard side, please identify yourself. If you fail to do so, we will open fire on you with live ammunition." The message caused alarm as it was broadcast on VHF channel 16, the international calling and distress frequency. A spokeswoman at Faslane indicated that channel 16 had been correctly used to request identification, but should not have been used for the warning which should have been on an exercise frequency. She stated that the ferry had not been in any danger, and advised that the organiser of the exercise, Commander Don Chalmers, deputy director of the Joint Maritime Operational Training Staff, had apologised to the skipper.
Layout
There is covered passenger accommodation on two decks forward, with a bar in the lower saloon.
She was re-engined in 2000.
Service
Hythe Ferry service across Southampton Water
Gourock – Kilcreggan – service on the Firth of Clyde. She also crossed Gare Loch to Helensburgh and provided cruises and charters in summer.
Notes
External links
Ferries of Scotland
Ships of Scotland
1936 ships
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV%20Kenilworth
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Terence William Harvey 'Terry' Cox (born 13 March 1937, in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire) played drums in the British folk rock bands The Pentangle, Duffy's Nucleus and Humblebums.
He also drummed with several other artists, most notably David Bowie and Elton John. He was drummer for Charles Aznavour from 1974 till 1982. In 1973, he had a songwriting partnership with Lynsey de Paul and Lenny Zakatek recorded two of their songs "Get Your Gun" and "Gotta Runaway" that was released as Zakatek on Bell Records.
Collaborations
Alexis Korner - Sky High (1966)
Alexis Korner - Blues Incorporated (1967)
Alexis Korner - Bootleg Him! (1972)
Alexis Korner - The BBC Radio Sessions (1994)
Ashton & Lord - First of the Big Bands (1974)
Bee Gees - Cucumber Castle (1970)
Bert Jansch - Birthday Blues (1968)
Bert Jansch - Rosemary Lane (1971)
Bread, Love & Dreams - Amaryllis (1971)
Charles Aznavour - Aznavour Live 4: Olympia (1980)
Cleo Laine - Return to Carnegie (1976)
Damian Halloran and Maria Millward - Great Stories and Songs (2002)
Dana Gillespie - Weren't Born a Man (1973)
David Bowie - Space Oddity (1969)
Digby Fairweather - "Song for Snady"
Duffy Power - Little Boy Blue (1965–67)
Duffy Power - Sky Blues (Rare Radio Sessions, 1968–94)
Duffy Power - Innovations (1970)
Elton John - Elton John (1970)
Elton John - Madman Across the Water (1971)
Fishbaugh Fishbaugh Zorn - Fishbaugh Fishbaugh & Zorn (1972)
George Martin - Live and Let Die (Soundtrack, 1973)
Harold McNair - Fence (1970)
Harvey Andrews - Friends of Mine (1973)
Jade - Fly on Strangewings (1970)
Jan & Lorraine - Gypsy People (1969)
John Dawson - Friend of Mine (1975)
John Renbourn - Sir John Alot of Merrie Englandes Musyk Thyng & Ye Grene Knyghte (1968)
John Renbourn - Lady and the Unicorn (1970)
John Renbourn - Faro Annie (1971)
John Williams - Changes (1971)
Leslie Duncan - Sing Children Sing (1971)
Linda Lewis - Say No More (1971)
Long John Baldry - Good to Be Alive (1976)
Lynsey de Paul - Surprise (1973)
Lynsey de Paul - Taste Me...Don't Waste Me (1974)
Marian Segal - Fly on Strange Wings
Mike Batt - Schizophonia (1977)
Mike Silver - Troubadour (1973)
Patrick and Matrix Yandall - That Feels Nice! (1993)
Pete Atkin - The Road of Silk (1974)
Philwit & Pegasus - Philwit & Pegasus (1970)
Ray Warleigh - First Album (1969)
Rick Springfield - Comic Book Heroes (1974)
Rupert Hine - Pick Up a Bone (1971)
Scott Walker - Stretch (1973)
Scott Walker - We Had It All (1974)
Shawn Brothers - Follow Me (1974)
Shirley Collins - Within Sound Box Set (1970)
Shirley & Dolly Collins - Love, Death and The Lady (1970)
The Sallyangie - Children of the Sun (1969)
Therapy - Almanac (1972)
Tudor Lodge - Tudor Lodge (1971)
Wally Whyton - It's Me Mum
References
English drummers
British folk rock musicians
English session musicians
1937 births
Living people
People from High Wycombe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Cox
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A foreign agent is any person or entity actively carrying out the interests of a foreign principal while located in another host country, generally outside the protections offered to those working in their official capacity for a diplomatic mission.
Foreign agents may be citizens of the host country. In contemporary English, the term has a generally pejorative connotation. A covert foreign agent, also known as a secret agent of a foreign government, may in some countries be presumed to be engaging in espionage.
Legality
Some countries have formal procedures to legalize the activities of foreign agents acting overtly. Laws covering foreign agents vary widely from country to country, and selective enforcement may prevail within countries, based on perceived national interest.
United States
In the United States, the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) created a wide-ranging and detailed definition of "foreign agent". The FARA was enacted in 1938 to counter Nazi propaganda. The law is sometimes claimed to be used to target countries out of favor with an administration. In 2021, the American Bar Association (ABA) called for a reform of FARA, including "renam[ing] FARA and otherwise replacing] the term 'agent of a foreign principal' with a term that elicits less stigma and causes less confusion".
Russia
Under the Russian foreign agent law, non-governmental organizations, media outlets and private individuals have to designate themselves "foreign agents" in all external communication if they engage in "political activity", a broadly interpreted term, and receive any foreign funding. Specifically, it requires anyone who receives "support" or "influence" from outside Russia to register and declare themselves "foreign agents".
The law was initially likened to FARA, although its scope has since been expanded significantly to include anyone who has received foreign support of any kind or has ever been "affiliated" with foreign actors; registrants are also prohibited from receiving state funding, teaching at state universities, or working with children.
Failure to comply is subject to legal consequences. Still, many human rights organizations resisted the requirement and in 2014 the law was amended to authorize the Justice Ministry to register organizations as foreign agents without their consent.
Georgia
In 2023, People's Power and Georgian Dream submitted a draft of new foreign agent law to the Parliament of Georgia. This caused the 2023 Georgian protests. The bill proposed that all non-governmental organizations and media outlets should disclose sources of their funding and register themselves as "agents of foreign influence" if they receive more than 20% of their funding from abroad. The president of Georgia, Salome Zurabishvili, supported the protesters and said she would veto the bill. The parliament withdrew the bill after protests.
Hungary
Legislation similar to the US Foreign Agents Registration Act had been passed in Hungary. On 13 June 2017, the Hungarian National Assembly adopted the Law No LXXVI of 2017 on the Transparency of Organisations which receive Support from Abroad. The law required "associations and foundations" which receive at least 7,2 million HUF annually from abroad to disclose sources of their funding, register with the court as "an organization receiving foreign funding" and indicate this label on their website and publications. The violations resulted in fines and ultimately revoking of the entity's legal status.
On 18 June 2020, the European Court of Justice ruled that the law violated European Union law by "introduc[ing] discriminatory and unjustified restrictions", violating free movement of capital and other guaranteed rights. The law was revoked in 2021.
Australia
Australia's Foreign Influence Transparency Scheme Act (FITSA), enacted in December 2018, is based explicitly on FARA and was drafted in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Justice. Like its American counterpart, FITSA establishes registration obligations for individuals and entities that undertake certain activities aimed at "political or governmental influence" on behalf of foreign principles. The law imposes a lifetime obligation on former cabinet ministers to register any activity they undertake on behalf of a foreign principal unless an exemption applies.
Canada
Since 2021, Canada has considered implementing a foreign agent registry modeled on the disclosure laws of the U.S. and Australia. As of August 2022, the Senate was considering Bill S-237, An Act to Establish the Foreign Influence Registry, which would publicly name all federal lobbyists acting for "a foreign government, an individual or entity related to a foreign government" and require disclosure of payments and identities of foreign clients, with penalties of up $200,000 in fines and two years’ imprisonment. Unlike FARA, the proposed act emphasizes activities on behalf of governments, with sponsor Leo Housakos of Quebec stating that it would "[expose] those who seek to influence on behalf of foreign regimes" and "countries like" China, Iran and Russia.
European Union
In March 2023, it was reported that the European Commission was working on a foreign agents law which would require commercial and nonprofit organizations around the European Union to reveal non-EU funding pertaining to transactions such as paying for academic study. This law aimed to contain influence of Russia and China and limit the corruption scandals such as Qatargate. A preliminary questionnaire supposed to feed into an impact assessment was sent out to the NGOs on behalf of the European Commission. The legislation is supposed to be modeled on the disclosure laws of the U.S. and Australia.
Ukraine
On 16 January 2014, amid the Euromaidan protests, a group of laws was adopted in Ukraine, which defined a foreign agent as a public association that receives funding from foreign states, foreign and international non-governmental organizations, as well as individuals who are not citizens of Ukraine, and participates in political activities on the territory of Ukraine. According to the law, foreign agents had to be registered, face high scrutiny and additional tax measures. On 2 February 2014, the relevant law was repealed.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republika Srpska
Legislation similar to the US Foreign Agents Registration Act has been passed in Republika Srpska.
See also
Foreign funding of NGOs
Anti-Infiltration Act
References
International relations
Foreign intervention
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign%20agent
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On Red Hand Day or the International Day against the Use of Child Soldiers, February 12 each year since 2002, pleas are made to political leaders and events are staged around the world to draw attention to child soldiers: children under the age of 18 who participate in military organizations of all kinds. Red Hand Day aims to call for action to stop this practice, and support children affected by it.
Background
Definition
The Paris Principles define a child associated with an armed force or group as:
Current situation
Due to the widespread military use of children in areas where armed conflict and insecurity prevent access by UN officials and other third parties, it is difficult to estimate how many children are affected. In 2017 Child Soldiers International estimated that several tens of thousands of children, possibly more than 100,000, were in state- and non-state military organizations around the world, and in 2018 the organization reported that children were being used to participate in at least 18 armed conflicts.
, the UN list of countries where children are known to be used in armed conflict situations on the agenda of the Security Council includes: Afghanistan, Central African Republic, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, India, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Libya, Mali, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Somalia, South Sudan, State of Palestine, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand and Yemen. Child Soldiers International produces a world map showing where children are members of military organizations around the world.
Since 2008 Sierra Leone, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia, and Côte d'Ivoire have been removed from the UN list of countries where children are used in hostilities. Once children have been released from military service, they typically need support to rejoin their communities. The rehabilitation and reintegration of child soldiers is an important part of a peace process but is expensive and requires the participation of whole communities.
Child soldiers and the law
Children aged under 15
The Additional Protocols to the 1949 Geneva Conventions (1977, Art. 77.2), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (2002) all forbid state armed forces and non-state armed groups from using children under the age of 15 directly in armed conflict (technically "hostilities"). This is now recognised as a war crime.
Children aged under 18
Most states with armed forces are also bound by the higher standards of the Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (OPAC) (2000) and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (1999), which forbid the compulsory recruitment of those under the age of 18. OPAC also requires governments that still recruit children (from age 16) to "take all feasible measures to ensure that persons below the age of 18 do not take a direct part in hostilities". In addition, OPAC forbids non-state armed groups from recruiting children under any circumstances, although the legal force of this is uncertain.
Movement to end the military use of children
The military use of children has been common throughout history; the practice has only met with informed criticism and concerted efforts to end it in recent decades. Many international organizations are active against the use of children as soldiers. These organizations include, for example, Amnesty International, Child Soldiers International, the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, Terre des hommes, and the United Nations Child Fund (UNICEF).
Red Hand campaign
Since 2002, nations and regional coalitions from around the world have been holding events on February 12, Red Hand Day, to draw attention to the issue and encourage steps to end the use of children for military purposes. The date reflects the entry into force of the OPAC treaty.
For example, in 2008, children and teenagers initiated a campaign to collect as many red hand-prints as possible to present to the United Nations on Red Hand Day. The red hands were made on paper, banners and personal messages calling for an end to the use of child-soldiers. Seven thousand red hands were collected in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo where child recruitment had increased dramatically. Former child soldiers from Guinea and Côte d'Ivoire sent messages pleading for rehabilitation and assistance for former child soldiers. Hundreds of events, such as marches, petitions, school awareness programs, exhibitions, and red hands were delivered to members of local congress and parliaments. Over 250,000 red hands were collected from youths of 101 countries around the world and presented to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in a book at 5 pm on February 12, 2009, in New York City by former child-soldiers from Colombia and Côte d'Ivoire accompanied by young activists from Germany. Ban said it was an impressive effort, and the UN is determined to stamp out such abuse.
See also
History of children in the military
Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict
Notes
External links
Child Soldiers World Index (2018), child soldier world map and statistics
Red Hand Day – official website, Germany
Red Hand Day 2009 – press release photos
Awareness days
Children in war
Children's rights instruments
February observances
International observances
Military sociology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Hand%20Day
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Nettersheim is a municipality in the district of Euskirchen in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Eifel hills, approx. 20 km south-west of Euskirchen. The rivers Erft and Urft have their source in the municipality.
Location
The district of the city Netterheim is built out of the constituent communities (Ortsteile):
Zingsheim, also administrative headquarters
Pesch
Roderath
Tondorf
Bouderath
Buir
Engelgau
Frohngau
Holzmülheim
Marmagen
Nettersheim (accordingly)
Education and culture
Kindergarten (5 in city district)
Family center
Primary school (2 in city district)
Secondary school (lower level, Hauptschule)
House of literature, with included library
Nature information centrum Eifel
Archeological park with several information points
Public education center
Culture and Art center, located at the old railway station building
Permanent exhibition, located at town hall (since 2007)
Art installation, named „Macht der Drei“
Agricultural museum Nettersheimer Hof
Wood competence center
Tourism
In the city of Nettersheim there is a tourist information, which is located at the „Naturzentrum Eifel” building.
Hiking
Several hiking trails start or pass by Nettersheim, such as:
Eifelsteig
Römerkanal-Path
Jakobsweg
Eifeler Quellenpfad
Eifeler Kräuterpfad
Climate
People
Cornelius Agrippa (1486–1535), German Renaissance polymath, writer, physician and legal scholar
Horst Lichter (born 1962), German cook, television cook, cookbook author and moderator
References
External links
Nettersheim website
Archeological park
Cultural association
Wood competence center
Municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia
Euskirchen (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettersheim
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Thomas Salem Bocock (May 18, 1815 – August 5, 1891) was a Confederate politician and lawyer from Virginia. After serving as an antebellum United States Congressman, he was the speaker of the Confederate States House of Representatives during most of the American Civil War.
Early and family life
Born at Buckingham County Court House in Buckingham County, Virginia, he was the sixth of eleven children born to John Thomas Bocock and Mary Flood. His mother was of a powerful and distinguished family which later produced Harry Flood Byrd and his father was a farmer, lawyer, clerk of the Appomattox County Court House and friend of Thomas Jefferson. Bocock was educated by his father and other private teachers as a child. He attended Hampden–Sydney College, where he befriended Robert L. Dabney (his rival for class valectedorian) and graduated in 1838.
His oldest brother, Willis Perry Bocock (1807-1887), may have been the most successful lawyer in the area (Buckingham County splitting off Appomattox county in 1845), as well as state attorney general beginning in 1852. Although Thomas' legal mentor, Willis resigned his official position and moved to Marengo County, Alabama in 1857 shortly after marrying Mourning Smith, a wealthy widow originally from South Carolina, although returning for family visits. Another elder brother, John Holmes Bocock, became a Presbyterian minister in Lynchburg and then the District of Columbia. A slightly younger brother, Henry Flood Bocock (b. 1817), also became a lawyer, clerk of the Appomattox County courthouse (at the time of Lee's surrender to Grant), director of Farmer's Bank in Lynchburg, as well as Presbyterian lay leader and later trustee of Hampden-Sydney College. Their brothers William Stevens Bocock, Charles Thomas Bocock, and Nicholas Flood married but did not have such distinguished careers, and Milton Bocock died as a teenager; their sisters Amanda, Martha, Mary Matson and Mary Fuquar all married.
Thomas Bocock married his second cousin Sarah Patrick Flood in 1846, but she may have died in childbirth or from complications. They had a daughter Bell (1849-1891). His second wife was Annie Holmes Faulker. They married in Berkeley County, Virginia (later West Virginia) in 1853 and had five children: Thomas Stanley Bocock, Willis P Bocock (1861-1947) and daughters Mazie F., Ella F. and Sallie P. (all of whom married twice).
Early legal career
Bocock studied law under his eldest brother and was admitted to the bar in 1840. He began his legal practice in Buckingham Court House, and was elected to the Virginia House of Delegates, where he served from 1842 to 1844. He was also the first prosecuting attorney for Appomattox County, Virginia when it split off Buckingham County, serving from 1845 to 1846.
Bocock was elected a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives in 1846, serving from 1847 to 1861. He became chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs from 1853 to 1855 and again from 1857 to 1859. In 1859, Bocock was nominated for speaker of the House, but withdrew after eight weeks of debate and multiple ballots failed to elect a speaker.
A committed slaveholder and Southern nationalist, Bocock praised Senator Preston Brook's attack on Charles Sumner, but later reinvented himself as a moderate on the Kansas slavery issue. Bocock spoke at the inauguration of the Washington Equine Statue on the grounds of the State Capital in Richmond in 1860, but his rise in Confederate circles came after his speech against Force Bill on February 20 and 21, 1861 which he had published and distributed at Virginia's Secession Convention.
Elections
1847; Bocock was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 51.42% of the vote, defeating Whig Henry P. Irving.
1849; Bocock was re-elected with 53.04% of the vote, defeating Whig Irving.
1851; Bocock was re-elected with 63.49% of the vote, defeating Whig Phillip A. Bolling.
1853; Bocock was re-elected with 51.74% of the vote, defeating Whig John T. Wootton and Independent Thomas H. Averett
1855; Bocock was re-elected with 57.25% of the vote, defeating American Nathaniel C. Claiborne .
1857; Bocock was re-elected unopposed.
1859; Bocock was re-elected with 88.78% of the vote, defeating two Independents identified only as Speed and Boisseau.
Civil War
Following the start of the Civil War and Virginia's secession, Bocock was elected as a Democrat to the Confederate States House of Representatives in 1861, serving until the end of the war in 1865. He was a member of the unicameral Provisional Confederate Congress, as well as the succeeding First and Second Confederate Congresses. Bocock was unanimously elected speaker of the Confederate States House of Representatives, and served from 1862 to 1865. However, in the final year, he broke with President Jefferson Davis and his personal friend and political ally Secretary of War James A. Seddon over the issue of arming slaves, arguing that such would be tantamount to abolishing slavery, as did his ally Robert M. T. Hunter. He left Richmond during the April 1865 evacuation, and later fled his home, the Wildway plantation.
Postwar career
As the war ended at nearby Appomattox Court House, Bocock owned more than twenty slaves. He did not want to pay his former slaves as workers, instead of telling them he would provide food and shelter, as he had under slavery. Bocock even tried to purchase several formerly enslaved people from neighbors. The African Americans appealed to the provost marshal, who said they deserved "liberal compensation."
Bocock moved to Lynchburg while maintaining Wildway as his summer home, where he practiced law and helped form the Virginia Conservative Party. He supported President Andrew Johnson for election in 1868, and later unsuccessful Democratic Presidential candidates Horace Greeley in 1872 and Samuel Tilden in 1876.
One of the architects of Jim Crow Laws, Bocock served in Virginia's House of Delegates again from 1877 to 1879. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1868, 1876 and 1880. Bocock opposed the Virginia Readjuster Party and ultimately handed over the political reins to a younger generation, including Alexander H. H. Stuart, and concentrated on his legal practice and family.
Death and legacy
He died in Appomattox County, Virginia, on August 5, 1891, and was interred at Old Bocock Cemetery near his plantation, Wildway.
Notes
References
Retrieved on 2009-04-29
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1815 births
1891 deaths
Burials in Virginia
Deputies and delegates to the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States
Hampden–Sydney College alumni
Members of the Confederate House of Representatives from Virginia
Democratic Party members of the Virginia House of Delegates
People from Appomattox County, Virginia
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia
People from Buckingham, Virginia
Virginia lawyers
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American lawyers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20S.%20Bocock
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John Rae (1 June 1796, Footdee, Aberdeen – 12 July 1872, Staten Island, NY), was a Scottish/Canadian economist.
Life
Rae was one of six children to merchant shipbuilder John Rae and Margaret Cuthbert. He graduating from Marischal College (University of Aberdeen) in 1815 with the degree of Master of Arts, followed by two years of medicine at the University of Edinburgh.
Changes in family circumstances with his father's bankruptcy in 1820 led to Rae's move to Canada in 1822. He was located in Williamstown (Glengarry County), and later, Hamilton in Ontario, Canada, where his wife died of cholera. He was well acquainted with the Scottish/Canadian community and was affiliated with the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. In Canada, he worked as a timber trader, schoolteacher, and a doctor.
In 1834, he moved to Boston, and then New York, where he also worked as a teacher. He went on to Central America where he was a physician. He moved with gold-miners to California in 1849, and a couple of years later, poor and sick with malaria, he found enough money to board a ship to the Kingdom of Hawaii, where he worked in many different professions. He was a medical officer for the Hawaiian Board of Health and vaccinated a number of native children with the smallpox vaccine. He was a geologist and wrote papers on the geology of the islands. He was also a historian in Hāna, Maui, writing articles for the newspaper Polynesian. He also wrote a number of manuscripts, but these were lost in a fire at Lahainaluna Seminary. His most famous work was the Statement of Some New Principles on the Subject of Political Economy.
His sister Ann was a schoolteacher who developed a series of textbooks which were among the earliest to incorporate Canadian content.
Work
Rae's most famous work was the Statement of Some New Principles on the Subject of Political Economy, republished in 1905 as The Sociological Theory of Capital. Influenced by both Adam Smith and David Hume, his influence lingered all the way to the 20th century; so much so that economists Irving Fisher and Austrian economist Eugen Böhm von Bawerk prefaced their work with Rae's, thanking him for contributions to modern economics even when very few had heard of his work.
Influence
The Canadian Economics Association awards the John Rae prize every two years since 1994 to the Canadian economist with "the best research record for the past five years." The prize has been named after John Rae (1796–1872) who did most of his work in Canada and was "a genuine precursor of endogenous growth theory."
References
Sources
Goodwin, Craufurd D.W. (1961) – Canadian Economic Thought: The Political Economy of a Developing Nation 1814–1914, Duke University Press
James, R. Warren (1965) – John Rae, political economist. An account of his life and a compilation of his main writings (2 vols.), Toronto.
Schumpeter, Joseph Aloys (1954) – History of Economic Analysis, New York
External links
Full text of Statement of Some New Principles on the Subject of Political Economy
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
People from Footdee
Canadian economists
Scottish emigrants to Canada
Scottish emigrants to the United States
19th-century Scottish medical doctors
Scottish economists
Scottish educators
1796 births
1872 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Rae%20%28economist%29
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Crimplesham is a village and civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It is situated east of the small town of Downham Market, south of the larger town of King's Lynn, and west of the city of Norwich.
History
Crimplesham's name is of Anglo-Saxon origin and derives from the Old English for Crymple's homestead or farmstead.
In the Domesday Book, Crimplesham is recorded as a settlement of 28 households in the hundred of Clackclose. In 1086, the village formed part of the estate of Reginald, son of Ivo. Additionally, the Domesday Book tells us that the landowner of Crimplesham in 1066 was Aelgyth, a woman.
During the Nineteenth Century, Crimplesham Manor was owned by the Bagges, with Crimplesham Hall being remodelled in the 1880s by Alfred Waterhouse at the expense of John Grant Morris. Crimplesham Hall stills stands today and is Grade II listed. Furthermore, Crimplesham was a centre for Abolitionist Movement with records showing how Elizabeth Doyle of Crimplesham Hall inviting freed slaves to Crimplesham to meet the local schoolchildren.
Geography
According to the 2011 Census, Crimplesham has a population of 298 residents living in 145 households.
Crimplesham falls within the constituency of South West Norfolk and is represented at Parliament by Liz Truss MP of the Conservative Party.
St. Mary's Church
Crimplesham's parish church is of Norman origin and is dedicated to Saint Mary. St. Mary's was heavily remodelled in the Fifteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, with a new chancel being installed in the 1860s.
Notable Residents
Francis Dereham- Tudor courtier, executed in 1541 on the orders of King Henry VIII
War Memorial
Crimplesham's war memorial takes the form of a framed paper plaque listing the following names of the fallen for the First World War:
Private Walter Bowman (1895-1915), 1st Battalion, Hampshire Regiment
Private Frank Wade (d.1915), 7th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
Private Harry Sayers (1873-1919), 1/5th Battalion, Somerset Light Infantry
Frederick Wade
Crimplesham does not have a memorial for the fallen of the parish from the Second World War, however, the following men are recorded to have fought and died in the conflict:
Pilot-Officer Anthony M. Dillon (1922-1940), No. 229 Squadron RAF
Aircraftman-First Class Francis C. Reeves (1912-1940), No. 907 (Balloon) Squadron RAF
Private Kenneth D. Bland (1920-1942), 4th Battalion, Royal Norfolk Regiment
Crimplesham also has a memorial bench dedicated to the fallen of the First World War.
References
External links
Villages in Norfolk
King's Lynn and West Norfolk
Civil parishes in Norfolk
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimplesham
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Procom, ProCom or PROCOM may refer to:
Processes of Compounds (PROCOM), a process simulation software package; see
ProCom, the Promotion Commission of the World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure
Procom Technology, a company acquired by Sun Microsystems in 2005
Protective Security Command (ProCom), a Singapore counter terrorism police unit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procom
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Bennett Bean (born March 25, 1941) is an American ceramic artist. Although commonly described as a studio potter, some would characterize him as a sculptor and painter who works primarily in studio pottery. Bean resides in Frelinghuysen Township, New Jersey. Bean is best known for his pit fired white earthenware vessels, especially his collectible, non-functional bowls and teapots. His ceramics works are often asymmetrical, non-functional, and fluid looking.
Early life and education
Bean was born in Cincinnati, Ohio on March 25, 1941. Bean's father, a medical doctor, was serving in the army at the time of his birth, and went on to become the head of the Department of Internal Medicine at the State University of Iowa (an earlier name for the University of Iowa) in 1949. From that point on, Bean grew up in Iowa City, Iowa.
He attended Grinnell College in Grinnell, Iowa, but transferred to University of Iowa to pursue his art studies. At the University of Iowa, Bean studied both drawing and painting, but he was drawn to the ceramics department, seduced by the technique of throwing and attracted by the university's ceramics faculty. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1963 from University of Iowa. After a semester of graduate studies at the University of Washington, where Patti Warashina was also a student, Bean moved to California to continue his art studies at the Claremont Graduate School where he studied under artist Paul Soldner. At Claremont he received a Master of Fine Arts degree in 1966.
Bean also met and married fellow Claremont graduate student (of philosophy), Cathy Bao. After graduation, Bean accepted a position teaching ceramics at Wagner College on Staten Island in New York City, where he remained until 1979.
Work
At Wagner College, Bean tried his hand at minimalist sculpture, using acrylic glass and cast acrylic. The Whitney Museum of American Art bought one of his minimalist sculptures in 1967 and included him in its Biennial the following year. Despite this success, Bean refocused his work on ceramic vessels.
An independent studio artist since 1979, Bean has served as an artist-in-residence at Artpark in Lewiston, New York, in 1980, as well as at the Sun Valley Center for the Arts in Indiana in 1981. In 1980, he received a National Endowment for the Arts fellowship. Later, he served on the faculty at the Penland School of Crafts in North Carolina.
Although he has worked in other media and other forms, Bean gained considerable success with his pit-fired earthenware bowls. In the mid-1960s, Bean developed a Japanese-influenced style for throwing bowls and other pottery. Like other potters of that era, Bean primarily threw simple pottery using little surface design other than the spontaneous markings characteristic of the pit-firing technique. Over time, his forms and surface decoration have become more complex, although he has continued to work within the vessel tradition. For example, he has developed numerous post-firing techniques for decorating the pottery. Since 1983, he has typically applied 24 carat gold leaf to the bowls' interiors. Similarly, since 1982 he has used acrylic paints as well as various glazes to apply extensive abstract designs to their exteriors. Since the mid-1990s he has typically arranged his bowls in pairs or trios, often painting across them to create the appearance of continuity among separate, independent objects. He has also worked in other ceramic forms and has ventured outside of ceramics to design various other art objects, including pedestals, rugs, and garden tools.
Bean's influences have included Japanese pottery, Native American pottery, English pottery in the tradition of Bernard Leach, and modern American pottery, including the work of George Ohr.
Bean's work appears in the permanent collections of many museums, including the Boston Museum of Fine Arts in Massachusetts, the Philadelphia Museum of Art in Pennsylvania, the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C., the Newark Museum in Newark, New Jersey, the New Jersey State Museum in Trenton, New Jersey, the JB Speed Art Museum in Louisville, Kentucky and the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City.
References
Additional sources
James Yood, "Bennett Bean," American Craft, vol. 59 no. 6, (December 1999- January 2000).
Karen S. Chambers, "Not Just Another Pretty Pot," Ceramics: Art and Perception, Issue 29, September 1997.
Michael Monroe, "The White House Collection of American Crafts" (Abrams: 1995).
External links
Artist's website
Cathy Bao Bean's website
Interview: "Oral history interview with Bennett Bean, 2011 June 16-17" from Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution
1941 births
Living people
Grinnell College alumni
University of Iowa alumni
University of Washington School of Art + Art History + Design alumni
Penland School of Crafts faculty
American potters
People from Iowa City, Iowa
People from Blairstown, New Jersey
People from Frelinghuysen Township, New Jersey
Artists from Cincinnati
Artists from Iowa
Artists from New Jersey
Claremont Graduate University alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennett%20Bean
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Kenneth Skinner Jr. is a jazz pianist, head of the group Ken Skinner and the jazzmongers!.
Ken Skinner and the jazzmongers! recordings have showcased jazz players such as Bob Mover, Kirk MacDonald, Kevin Turcotte, Jake Wilkinson and Duncan Hopkins. Also, Skinner has sat in at jam sessions with the likes of Wynton Marsalis. His jazz material can be found on 2 CDs on the Village Jazz label. One Lucky Piano features 16 of Canada's pianists all recorded on the piano formerly housed in the famed "Montreal Bistro" in Toronto.
Skinner's music has been included in 3 feature-length films, 2 videos, with numerous appearances on television and radio. Of those films is "Pitch" produced by Kenny Hotz and Spencer Rice, also known as "Kenny and Spenny". During a period of activity in 1996, he worked with prima ballerina Kimberley Glasco, of the National Ballet of Canada, on two projects, one of those being a Bravo! video for "Jombo Memsahb" found on the jazzmongers! first release Stirling Silver. A second video, also for the Bravo! network, "Maroon" is the title track of the jazzmongers! second release, earning Ken the title of Bravo! artist of the week.
Discography
Live: Stirling Theatre (Village Jazz 9901, 1995)
Maroon (Village Jazz 9902, 1997)
Kin of Kensington (Global Sync Media, 1999)
One Lucky Piano (Timely Manor, 2007)
References
1962 births
Living people
Musicians from Montreal
Canadian jazz pianists
21st-century Canadian pianists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Skinner
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Herblay-sur-Seine (, "Herblay-on-Seine"; before 2018: Herblay) is a commune in the Val-d'Oise department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. It is located from the centre of Paris, in its northwestern outer suburbs, on the departmental border with Yvelines. In 2019, it had a population of 31,314. It is twinned with Yeovil, England.
Geography
Climate
Herblay-sur-Seine has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Herblay-sur-Seine is . The average annual rainfall is with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in December, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Herblay-sur-Seine was on 6 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 7 January 2009.
Demographics
Transport
Herblay-sur-Seine is served by Herblay station on the Transilien Paris-Saint-Lazare suburban rail line.
Education
Schools in Herblay-sur-Seine:
Six primary school : Jean-Louis Etienne, Jean Moulin, Buttes Blanches, Chênes, Tournade, Saint-Exupéry
Seven public preschools (maternelles): Jean Moulin, Buttes Blanches, Chênes, Tournade, Saint-Exupéry, Louis Pergaud, Jean Jaurès
Seven public elementary schools: Jean Moulin, Pasteur, Buttes Blanches, Chênes, Saint Exupéry, Marie Curie, Jean Jaurès
Two public junior high schools (collèges): Georges Duhamel and Jean Vilar
Lycée Montesquieu (public senior high school/sixth-form college)
Three private schools: Sainte Jeanne d'Arc, Montaigne, Léonard de Vinci
The commune has a municipal library.
People from Herblay
See :Category:People from Herblay
Pierre Pincemaille (1956-2018), musician and organist.
See also
Communes of the Val-d'Oise department
References
External links
Official website
Pictures Quais de Seine
Universite inter-Ages Herblay
Association of Mayors of the Val d'Oise
Communes of Val-d'Oise
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herblay-sur-Seine
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Every borough has its own president.
La Cité
January 1, 2002 - January 1, 2006: Yvon Bussières
November 6, 2006- November 6, 2009: Louise Lapointe
Les Rivières
January 1, 2002 - January 1, 2006: Gérald Poirier
November 6, 2006- November 6, 2009: Gérald Poirier
Sainte-Foy–Sillery
January 1, 2002 - January 1, 2006: Gilles Latulippe
November 6, 2006- November 6, 2009: Francine Bouchard-Boutet
Charlesbourg
January 1, 2002 - January 1, 2006: Ralph Mercier
November 6, 2006- November 6, 2009: Jean-Marie Laliberté
Beauport
January 1, 2002 - January 1, 2006: Jacques Langlois
November 6, 2006- November 6, 2009: André Letendre
Limoilou
January 1, 2002 - January 1, 2006: France Dupont
November 6, 2006- November 6, 2009: Alain Loubier
La Haute-Saint-Charles
January 1, 2002 - January 1, 2006: Renaud Auclair
November 6, 2006- November 6, 2009:
Laurentien
January 1, 2002 - January 1, 2006: Marcel Corriveau
November 6, 2006- November 6, 2009: Jean-Marie Matte
Municipal government of Quebec City
Pres
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20presidents%20of%20districts%20of%20Quebec%20City
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Weilerswist () is a municipality in the district of Euskirchen in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Eifel hills, approximately 10 kilometers north of Euskirchen, and 20 kilometers south-west of Cologne.
References
Municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia
Euskirchen (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weilerswist
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Skambankt (Beaten to a pulp or beaten up) was a Norwegian hard rock band from Klepp, just south of Stavanger, formed in 1994. They played their last concert on November 4, 2022, at the DNB Arena in Stavanger.
They played a mixture of classic rock'n'roll, punk and hardrock in the tradition of bands like Motörhead, AC/DC, Sex Pistols, Ramones and The Stooges, with lyrics against the state, the system, religious fanaticism, hatred, capitalism, and betrayal among other things. All song lyrics are in Norwegian (Nynorsk).
History
Formation
Skambankt was formed in 1994 at Klepp Rockeklubb in Klepp when a band scheduled to play couldn't make it. Ted Winters (Terje Winterstø, guitar and vocals), Don Fist (Tollak Friestad, bass), and Hans Panzer (Hans Egil Løe, drums) wrote 9 songs in the period of about 3 hours and played that night in place of the other band. They continued to play in live-gigs and made demo recordings from fall 1994 to spring of 1995, disbanding thereafter.
The original line-up met again at a bachelor party in 2003 and decided to reform. Persuing record deals, Hans Panzer shifted from drums to rhythm guitar and backing vocals and recruited Tom Skalle (Tom-Erik Løe) to act as drummer. The band signed for Norwegian record company DogJob and started work on their self-titled album Skambankt, released in November 2004. Skambankt was developed with help from Geir Zahl (songwriting, Kaizers Orchestra) and Prepple Houmb (guest vocals, DumDum Boys) for tracks like "Kristelig KulturKaos".
Skamania EP, Roskilde festival, and Wolsman joins
Skambankt released the EP Skamania on June 15th of 2005, just two weeks before playing at Roskilde Festival in Denmark. Skamania consisted of six new tracks and produced two music videos which bolstered their setlist at Roskilde. This was the largest venue the band had played at, with an estimated audience of 20,000 members.
That year, Bones Wolsman (Børge Henriksen) joined the band, replacing Tom Skalle on drums.
Eliksir and Hardt Regn
In 2007, they released their second full-length album, Eliksir (Elixir), with the album title inspired by Harry Potter. The first single from the album, The first single from the album, "Tyster" was b-listed on Norwegian radio with "Dynasi" also receiving significant radio time on NRK P3. Eliksir received positive reviews and entered the Norwegian album charts at 8th place. This kicked off extensive touring in Norway and Denmark for the rest of 2007.
In fall 2008, Skambankt entered the studio for a third time, this time to record their third album, Hardt Regn (Hard Rain). The first single from the album, "Malin" was released on their MySpace in October. The album was released on January 27, and received good reviews as well as a respectable chart placement during the first week of its release. "Malin", "O dessverre", "Vår bør", and "Slukk meg" proved popular with fans and became regulars in concert setlists. Hardt Regn was nominated for the 2009 Spellemannprisen for best rock album.
Skambankt supported the Danish rockband D-A-D on their Monster Philosophy Tour in Denmark in 2009 and AC/DC at their Valle Hovin, Oslo concert on June 15, 2009. They continued touring at Pstereo in August.
Moving to Columbia Records: Søvnløs and Voodoo
Following the release of Hardt Regn, Skambankt signed with Columbia Records. They released their fourth full length effort entitled Søvnløs (Sleepless) on September 6, 2010. The album's first single "Mantra" was released on the 17th of May, the Norwegian national day.
The fifth album Sirene (Siren) was released on January 27, 2014. It was well-received and peaked at number 1 on the Norwegian charts, charting for 5 weeks. The first single of the album, "Voodoo", was released in November 2013 with a marketing stunt where fans could hand in old plastic guitars which would then be melted in and transformed into vinyl records. This earned them the award of Spotify Innovator of the Year in January of 2014, presented at the Spillmannprisen 2013 ceremony in Stavanger. The single was accompanied by its own brand of beer, brewed at Kinn Bryggeri in Florø, and called "Voodoo" as well.
Skambankt did extensive touring in 2014, playing songs from Sirene at Steinkjer festival, Roskilde festival, and Pstereo festival in Trondheim.
Indie Recordings
Skambankt signed with record company Indie Recordings prior to work on their sixth album, produced by Janove Ottesen. A single from the album, Fremmed I En Fremmed Verden (Stranger in a Strange World), released in 2017 prior to the full release of Horisonten brenner (The horizon is burning) on February 9th, 2018. Speaking with NPS Music, Skambankt detailed that they had worked hard to build a studio for the new album out of an old pig shed which took longer than anticipated. The album was a success and peaked at #6 in the Norwegian charts (VG-lista), with the Stavanger Aftenblad calling it "heavy and solid". Horisonten brenner marked a change in tone for the band, with songs like "Horisonten Brenner" and "Levende Legende (Living legend)" (as well as "Balladen Om Deg" on the 2017 single) incorperating pianos and keyboards for a rock ballad feel. During this time, Jonny Engelsvoll was recruited to cover keyboard parts (having previously played pianos and organs for Hardt Regn and Søvnløs). The band went on a long tour in Norway which concluded at the Rockefeller Music Hall in Oslo. The live performance from the Rockefeller was recorded as Rockefeller 09.03.18.
Marking Skambankt's 25 years as a band, 1994 released in 2019. Stylized as a MTV Unplugged album, the group unveiled "Når eg sover (When I sleep)" as the title track and rerecorded 11 songs from prior albums. They opened for Bon Jovi (along with The Golden Circles) at Sr-Bank Arena in Stavanger for the This House Is Not for Sale Tour on June 8, 2019.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, recording for the next album Jærtegn (Milestone), was delayed. In 2020, they had planned an unplugged tour in the spring, but had to delay it until the fall. Jærtegn released on January 29, 2021, with the band travelling from February to April (Oslo to Trondheim) to promote the album. The album was planned to be somewhere between an unplugged album and their more conventional rock sound, functioning as a more "pandemic friendly sound".
The band's final album, Ti (Ten), released in September 2021. Including their Rockefeller 09.03.18 live album, Ti marked their 10th studio album. Following the release of Ti, the band embarked on a final tour with the "Grand Finale" in 2022.
Throughout much of Skambankt's life, Ted Winters was also the guitarist for Kaizer's Orchestra, which took a major hiatus beginning in 2013. In a 2022 interview with NRK, Ted Winters said that for many years he did not want to play in Kaizers Orchestra again, but now was feeling very ambitious and had big plans.
Line-up
Final line-up:
Ted Winters (Terje Winterstø Røthing) - guitar, vocals
Hanz Panzer (Hans Egil Løe) - guitar, backing vocals
Don Fist (Tollak Friestad) - bass, backing vocals
Bones Wolsman (Børge Henriksen) - drums
Jonny Engelsvoll - keys
Former members:
Tom-Skalle (Tom-Erik Løe) - drums, backing vocals (2003-2006)
Timeline
Discography
Studio Albums
Skambankt (2004)
Eliksir (2007)
Hardt Regn (2009)
Søvnløs (2010)
Sirene (2014)
Horisonten brenner (2018)
1994 (2019)
Jærtegn (2021)
Ti (2022)
Live Albums
Rockefeller 09.03.18 (2018)
EPs/Singles/Others
Skamania (EP)|Skamania (2005)
Mantra (2010)
Fremmed I En Fremmed Verden/Balladen Om Deg (2017)
For En Evighet/Om Nettene (2019)
External links
Official website
Facebook
Instagram
Fansite (in English)
References
Musical groups established in 1994
Musical groups disestablished in 1995
Musical groups reestablished in 2004
Norwegian rock music groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skambankt
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Hunsonby is a village and civil parish in the Eden district of Cumbria, England, north east of Penrith. The parish is located south east of the city of Carlisle. Within the parish is the ancient stone circle of Long Meg and Her Daughters but not the nearby standing stone of Little Meg which is located near Langwathby. In 2011 the Census reported the parish to have a total population of 388.
In 1870–72, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Hunsonby (and Winskill) as:
"Hunsonby and Winskel, a township in Addingham parish, Cumberland; on a branch of the river Eden, 4 miles SSE of Kirkoswald. Real property, £1,690. Pop., 208. Houses, 38. There is a Wesleyan chapel."
History
19th Century
The civil parish of Hunsonby was formed in 1934 from a merger of the two parishes of Hunsonby and Winskill; and Little Salkeld, which were formed in 1866 out of the ecclesiastical and former civil parish of Addingham.
20th Century
Geography
Hunsonby is 11,397.593m² in area, with an area of 33.22m² used for domestic buildings.
Places of Worship
The only place of worship is an old Wesleyan Methodist chapel, which opened in 1862 but was closed in 2001.
Population
Over time, there hasn't been a massive change in Hunsonby's population density. Between 1881 and 1921, the population fluctuates marginally, but stays reasonably the same. In 1931, the population gradually starts to increase, reaching 371 residents in 1951. The following decade, the population then reaches 435 residents. However, in 2001 the population then decreases again, and the most recent data recorded shows Hunsonby with a population of 388 people.
Employment
Occupational History
According to the 1881 census, the occupation sector that employed the most residents and the most males was agriculture. For the majority of the female residents, their occupation was unknown, or not specified. Those whose occupation was specified, they worked in the Domestic service and office sector.
Recent Occupational Structure
The 2011 census revealed that still the biggest majority of workers are employed in the agriculture sector, matching Hunsonby's history. However, the second highest occupational group was managerial and Professional sector, showing a real shift in the occupations the last two centuries.
Transport
The A686 is the main road located near Hunsonby, which is the main route to the market town of Penrith. The nearest train station is in Langwathby.
See also
Listed buildings in Hunsonby
References
External links
Cumbria County History Trust: Hunsonby and Winskill (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
Villages in Cumbria
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Eden District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunsonby
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Smithville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located within Galloway Township, in Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, that was established as part of the 2010 United States Census. Smithville is located north of and inland from Atlantic City. As of the 2010 Census, the CDP's population was 7,242.
Although Smithville has existed as a community since the American Revolutionary War, most of the community remained very rural until the 1960s when the Smithville Towne Center, a tourist attraction containing over 80 shops, opened. The Towne Center was expanded to include numerous rides and other shops named "The Village Greene", which was the centerpiece of a large planned community developed since the 1980s.
History
It is in the Smithville in Atlantic County that James Baremore built what is now the Smithville Inn in 1787, a single room along a well-traveled stagecoach route. However, historians debate whether it was originally planned as an inn. The area of Smithville was originally considered part of Leeds / Leeds Point at the time. By 1874 the inn had grown to six times its original size. Its success was well established, but it was eventually abandoned at the turn of the 1900s. In 1952, Ethel and Fred Noyes purchased the inn and restored the building, opening it as a restaurant with 42 seats.
Later history
Around the 1960s, Ethel and Fred Noyes decided to expand the site into a historical attraction, similar to Colonial Williamsburg. Several historic buildings from around South Jersey were brought to the site, restored, and converted into shops and attractions.
In 1990, the newly formed Smithville Development Company began construction on the second part of the Smithville Towne Center, named "The Village Greene", which includes more stores and other activities, such as paddleboats, miniature golf, a carousel, an old-fashioned steam train, and several other attractions. In addition to The Village Greene, the company embarked on a Planned Unit Development containing 6,800 condominium units. Due to legal disagreements, the number of units was reduced to 4,000. Soon after, a recession forced the construction to stop in 1991, leaving around 1,600 completed units. In 1995, the remaining land was sold to KHovnanian of Red Bank. KHovnanian reduced the number of planned residences from 2,500 condominium units to a 1200-unit retirement community. The project was later renamed "Four Seasons at Historic Smithville", which was built in several phases.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, Smithville had a total area of 5.055 square miles (13.091 km2), including 5.001 square miles (12.952 km2) of land and 0.054 square miles (0.139 km2) of water (1.06%).
Smithville is located in the New Jersey Pine Barrens.
Demographics
Census 2010
The 2010 United States census counted 7,242 people, 3,282 households, and 2,084 families in the CDP. The population density was . There were 3,548 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup was 77.53% (5,615) White, 10.37% (751) Black or African American, 0.07% (5) Native American, 7.71% (558) Asian, 0.04% (3) Pacific Islander, 2.13% (154) from other races, and 2.15% (156) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.95% (576) of the population.
Of the 3,282 households, 19.7% had children under the age of 18; 47.8% were married couples living together; 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present and 36.5% were non-families. Of all households, 29.7% were made up of individuals and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.71.
16.8% of the population were under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 21.0% from 25 to 44, 29.7% from 45 to 64, and 25.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48.6 years. For every 100 females, the population had 85.3 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 83.3 males.
Transportation
Smithville is accessible via exit 48 of the Garden State Parkway (southbound only) by way of U.S. Route 9 (New York Road) and via exit 44 of the Garden State Parkway (northbound), by following Moss Mill Road (County Route 561 Alternate) east/south.
New Jersey Transit provides bus service to Atlantic City on the 559 route.
Notable people
People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Smithville include:
Enoch Johnson or "Nucky" Johnson was born in Smithville, although he was most associated with Atlantic City.
Mushond Lee (born 1970), actor who appeared on The Cosby Show and in the film Lean on Me
References
External links
Historic Smithville website
Smithville History and Information
Shoobees Guide to Smithville
Census-designated places in Atlantic County, New Jersey
Census-designated places in New Jersey
Galloway Township, New Jersey
Populated places in the Pine Barrens (New Jersey)
Planned communities in the United States
Tourist attractions in Atlantic County, New Jersey
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithville%2C%20Atlantic%20County%2C%20New%20Jersey
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In 1995 there were eight national newspapers in the Czech Republic and their total circulation was about 1.8 million copies. The number of daily newspapers was 96 in 2004.
Major national newspapers
Paid classified advertising newspaper Anonce is published four times per week, with a circulation of 306 thousand copies in 2015.
This is a list of weekly newspapers published in the Czech Republic, not including magazines.
German newspapers in the Czech Republic
Landeszeitung der Deutschen in Böhmen, Mähren und Schlesien (bi-weekly)
Prager Zeitung
Defunct newspapers of the Czech Republic
Brno Noppeisen
Ostrauer Volksblatt, German-language social democrat newspaper, later a communist newspaper
Prague Business Journal
The Prague Post, English-language newspaper, ceased printing in 2013
Munkás, Hungarian-language Communist newspaper
See also
List of magazines in the Czech Republic
References
Czech Republic
Newspapers
List
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20newspapers%20in%20the%20Czech%20Republic
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The Symphony No. 70 in D major, Hoboken 1/70, was written by Joseph Haydn to mark the start of construction of a new opera house on the Eszterháza estate. It was premiered on December 18, 1779—one of the few Haydn symphonies where the exact premiere date is known.
Form
The work is in standard four-movement form and is scored for flute, two oboes, bassoon, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings. The first draft had neither trumpet and timpani parts; Haydn added those later.
Vivace con brio, (D major)
Specie d'un canone in contrapunto doppio Andante, (D minor)
Allegretto, (D major)
Allegro con brio, (D minor, ending in D major)
The first movement is a sonata form allegro in time, dominated by a motif established in the opening bars and consisting of two descending pairs of notes, firmly establishing the home key by using only notes in the D major triad.
The exposition is marked for repeat, as are the development and recapitulation. The development begins with a repetition of the exposition's ending, but on unison C-naturals in the woodwinds and strings. The C-naturals come as a surprise to the listener: the note does not appear at all in the exposition. The rest of the development consists mainly of sustained notes for the woodwinds and opening descending pairs of notes in three-part counterpoint in the strings. In the recapitulation, the second half of the first theme group is heard in canon.
The second movement is a double variation canon in the form ABA1B1A2, beginning and ending in the minor. The minor episodes are in double-inverted counterpoint, while the major episodes are homophonic.
The third movement returns to the major key in a minuet with trio.
As something of a surprise, fairly unusual in Haydn's symphonic minuets, "a coda which is immensely affirmative" is added for the da capo repeat of the minuet.
The final movement, in D minor, is structured in an ABABA form. The A section begins hesitantly with a five-note motif of repeated Ds, initially pianissimo, but quickly erupting into a "triple [two-part] fugue of real power."
The B section is contrapuntal, with a singular theme somewhat based on the A section motif, and beginning with a fugue-like opening. This is developed at length and then winds down, leading to a short restatement of the A section and an even shorter restatement of the B section. The movement finishes with a playfully modified version of the A section in D major, ending on a single tonic note tutti. As all of the movements have the same tonic, the work is homotonal.
Editions
The Cianchettini & Sperati edition of 1807 bears a dedication to the Prince of Wales; however, it omits the trumpet and timpani parts, and presents the bassoon part for three of the movements as an appendix. The edition looks like a handwritten score rather than an engraved score, but the Minuet is presented as an appendix (with bassoon part) with an engraved look contrasting with the rest of the score. Stems for half notes face the opposite of the usual direction and the dots for dotted notes are placed farther away than is customarily normal, except for dotted half notes crossing the barline which are presented as is now customary.
A more modern edition of the score comes from the Haydn-Mozart Presse in Salzburg, edited by H. C. Robbins Landon. An engraved score, it is more modern in its notation but it employs the archaic shortcut for dotted notes across barlines in which instead of a tie to a quarter note only a dot appears. More confusingly, the coda of the minuet has the annotation "Fine II" under its final barline, while the ending of the first go-round at the minuet is labelled "Fine I" even though it is also supposed to be played in the da capo. No metronome markings are provided but the duration of the work is given as "ca. 22 Min."
References
External links
Symphony 070
Compositions in D major
1779 compositions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony%20No.%2070%20%28Haydn%29
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John Brendan Kelly Sr. (October 4, 1889 – June 20, 1960) was an American triple Olympic champion, the first in the sport of rowing. The Philadelphia-based Kelly also was a multimillionaire in the bricklaying and construction industry. He also was involved in politics, serving as Pennsylvania secretary of revenue and running unsuccessfully for mayor of Philadelphia in the 1935 Philadelphia mayoral election.
Kelly was the father of actress Grace Kelly, Princess of Monaco (thus maternal grandfather of Albert II, Prince of Monaco), and of Jack Kelly Jr., an accomplished rower who served as president of the U.S. Olympic Committee.
Early life
Kelly was born in Philadelphia, one of 10 children of Irish immigrants John Henry Kelly (1847–1917), who emigrated from his homestead near Newport, County Mayo, in 1869, and Mary Ann Costello (1852–1926), who arrived in the U.S. in 1867. He attended public schools and at night attended the Spring Garden Institute.
In 1907, he began bricklaying in Philadelphia as an apprentice at his brother Patrick's construction firm. Standing 6'2", he was a gifted athlete and competed in football and basketball in addition to rowing, which he learned on the Schuylkill River. By 1916, Kelly was a national rowing champion and the best sculler in the United States. As part of the World War I callup, Kelly joined the United States Army as a private in October 1917. He rose to the rank of lieutenant by the time he was discharged in April 1919. While in the Army, Kelly entered the armed forces boxing tournament as a heavyweight and ran up a 12–0 record before being waylaid by a broken ankle. Future world professional boxing champion Gene Tunney won the tournament. In later years, Kelly would kid Tunney: "Aren't you lucky I broke my ankle?"
Following his Army discharge in 1919, Kelly continued his dominance in the single scull. He also started a brickwork contracting company in Philadelphia, John B. Kelly, Inc, with a $7,000 loan from his brothers George, a future Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright, and Walter, who was a popular vaudeville actor. A self-promoter, Kelly coined the slogan "Kelly for Brickwork", which was often seen at local construction sites.
Kelly developed a technique to ensure payment for his brickwork from less-than-trustworthy real estate developers. Kelly's crews would mortar a single pane of glass into each chimney they built. When new home owners would complain to realtors about smoke backing into their houses from the fireplaces, and the developers would then complain to Kelly, he would reply, "I'll take care of it when your check clears." Once paid, Kelly would send crews out to drop a brick down each chimney they'd constructed, smashing the glass panes and solving the problem.
In 1919, Kelly played professional football for the Holmesburg Athletic Club. The team would go on to win the 1919 and 1920 Philadelphia City Championship. In a 1919 game against a team from Camden, New Jersey, Kelly scored three touchdowns in just the first quarter of the game.
Rowing career
Kelly won 126 straight races in the single scull in 1919 and 1920, a six-time U.S. national champion who was one of the most popular figures in the sport.
Rejection by the Henley Royal Regatta
In 1920, amid his winning streak, Kelly applied to race in the Diamond Sculls at the Henley Royal Regatta. Held annually on the River Thames in Henley, England, it was the most prestigious event in rowing. But the event's organizers rejected his application, citing an earlier dispute with his rowing club and the fact that he had worked as a manual laborer.
The minutes of the regatta's Committee of Management for June 3, 1920, read: "The list of entries ... outside of the United Kingdom under Rule iv was presented ... and received with the exception of Mr J.B. Kelly of the Vesper Boat Club to compete in the Diamond Sculls, which was refused under the resolution passed by the Committee on 7th June, 1906 'viz' 'That no entry from the Vesper Boat Club of Philadelphia, or from any member of their 1905 crew be accepted in future': Mr Kelly was also not qualified under Rule I (e) of the General Rules (manual labour)."
That 1906 resolution banned members of the Vesper Boat Club from the event because their eight-man team in the Grand Challenge Cup had used a public subscription to raise the money to travel to London, breaching the regatta's rule on amateurism.
The regatta committee's minutes also note that they rejected Kelly because he had worked as a bricklayer. The regatta's rules on amateurism excluded anyone "who is or ever has been...by trade or employment for wages a mechanic, artisan or labourer." Two days before Kelly was due to sail to the UK, with his passage booked and his boat boxed, he received a telegram which said: "Entry rejected; letter follows." He never received the letter. The Henley Stewards later declared that they had informed the governing board for U.S. rowing as soon as Kelly's entry was processed, and that it was not their fault if the information was not passed on.
The affair was widely reported, especially in London, New York and Philadelphia. The Stewards of Henley Royal Regatta came in for heavy criticism. One interpretation was that they had excluded Kelly because they did not want an American to win the Diamonds. The publicity made Kelly widely popular and would later help his bricklaying business. The ban on Vesper Boat Club was rescinded soon afterward and in 1937 the references in the Henley rules excluding manual labourers, mechanics, artisans and menial duties were deleted.
In 2003, the Princess Grace Challenge Cup was launched as an event for women's quadruple sculls both in recognition of John B. Kelly and in memory of his daughter, Grace.
Kelly was surprised that his entry was rejected. Kelly always maintained that he had been assured by United States rowing officials that his entry would be accepted. In the 1950s he wrote to Jack Beresford, the winner of the 1920 Henley Diamond Sculls race, the following:
"Russell Johnson, secretary of the NAAO [the governing board for U.S. rowing] had an arrangement with the Henley officials that they would approve all entries from the United States, which he had made during his visit to England in the winter of 1919–20... I asked him to check with the Stewards to see if they would accept my entry because in my earlier days I had served an apprenticeship as a bricklayer. He contacted four of them and they told him to send my entry in; the war had changed the old rule and everything would be all right".
This led Kelly to seek and gain redemption by going to the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium, which he had originally not planned to attend.
Redemption at the 1920 Olympics
When he first made his application to race at Henley, Kelly told the press that if his entry was accepted, he would go to Henley and most likely would skip the Olympics. On learning of his rejection, Kelly was surprised and angered and stated: "I had made all the arrangements to sail for England ... I'll go to the Olympics now for sure. I want to get a crack at the man who wins the diamond sculls."
Kelly soon had his chance, representing the United States at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. In a hard-fought race, he won the single scull event, extracting a measure of revenge by defeating the winner of the Diamond Sculls, British sculler Jack Beresford. Beresford was one of the most talented oarsmen of the day and would go on to win medals at five Olympics. The race, one of the closest in Olympic history, featured a dramatic duel down the stretch with Kelly winning by a second. Kelly and Beresford would go on to become good friends. Half an hour after the singles final, Kelly teamed with his cousin Paul Costello to win the double scull (2x) race, a feat which has never been repeated at the Olympic games. After his Olympic victory, Kelly purportedly mailed his racing cap to King George V with the note, "Greetings from a bricklayer", for having been snubbed at Henley.
Repeat at the 1924 Olympics
In 1924, Kelly and Costello repeated their success, winning the double-scull event at the Summer Olympics in Paris. This made Kelly the first rower to win three Olympic gold medals and one of the most famous and successful athletes of his generation.
Personal life
After a long courtship, Kelly married Margaret Katherine Majer (1898–1990) in 1924, daughter of German immigrants. Well known herself in the world of sports, she was the founder of women's sports in the University of Pennsylvania. Majer's family was Lutheran and she converted to Catholicism prior to the marriage. They had four children: Margaret "Peggy" Katherine (1925–1991), John "Kell" Brendan Jr. (1927–1985), Grace Patricia (1929–1982) and Elizabeth "Lizanne" Anne (1933–2009).
John B. Kelly Jr. won the Diamond Sculls at Henley in 1947 and 1949. Jack Jr., as he was also known, won the James E. Sullivan Award as the best amateur athlete in the U.S. in 1947 for his accomplishments. He would go on to represent the United States at the 1948, 1952, 1956 and 1960 Olympic Games. Jack Jr. won the bronze medal in the single scull at the 1956 Olympics and continue to be involved in amateur sports, eventually being appointed President of the United States Olympic Committee shortly before his sudden death from a heart attack in 1985.
Kelly's daughter Grace was an Academy Award-winning actress who became Princess consort of Monaco when she married Prince Rainier in 1956. Kelly purportedly gave Prince Rainier a $2 million dowry for his daughter's marriage. Kelly is the maternal grandfather of Albert II, the reigning prince of Monaco. When Grace's engagement to Prince Rainier was announced, Kelly quipped: "I told the Prince that royalty didn't mean that much to us, and that I hoped he wouldn't run around the way some Princes do."
Kelly was the model for the character of George Kittredge, Tracy Lord's brash, up-and-coming, man-of-the-people fiancé, in Philip Barry's 1939 Broadway comedy The Philadelphia Story. Grace Kelly played Tracy Lord in the 1956 Cole Porter movie musical version, High Society. Grace visited her grandfather's cottage, the Kelly homestead, near Newport, County Mayo during her 1961 state visit to Ireland.
Later life
Kelly was actively involved in city politics, including chairmanship of the Philadelphia County Democratic Party in 1937 and ran for mayor of Philadelphia in 1935. At the time, Philadelphia was a heavily Republican city, but he came close to winning, losing by fewer than 50,000 votes compared with the usual margin of 300,000. From January 1936 until June 1937, Kelly served as Pennsylvania secretary of revenue under Governor George Howard Earle III.
He was a commissioner and later president of the Fairmount Park Commission, which administered Fairmount Park in Philadelphia, one of the largest municipal parks in the world. In 1941, President Roosevelt named the still popular Kelly as the National Physical Fitness Director, a post he held throughout World War II. Kelly was a strong advocate for physical fitness for all Americans, and in particular those inducted into the military.
Kelly was Commodore of the Schuylkill Navy from 1935 to 1940, and was president of the NAAO, the then governing board for U.S. rowing, from 1954 through 1955. Kelly is the only rower who is a member of the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame. He is also a member of the United States Rowing Hall of Fame, having been elected in 1956 at the same time as his son Jack Jr.
Kelly died of intestinal cancer at his home in Philadelphia, age 70. He was interred at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Cheltenham, Pennsylvania.
In 1967, Philadelphia erected a prominent statue of Kelly by artist Harry Rosin near the finish line of the Schuylkill River course that Kelly rowed. It is located just off of the scenic Kelly Drive, which is named for Kelly's son, Jack Jr. Every year, USRowing, as the governing board is now known, bestows the Jack Kelly Award on an individual who represents the ideals that Kelly exemplified, including superior achievement in rowing, service to amateur athletics and success in their chosen profession.
Achievements and awards
Gold Medal, Single Scull, 1920 Olympic Games
Gold Medal, Double Scull, 1920 Olympic Games
Gold Medal, Double Scull, 1924 Olympic Games
126 consecutive victories in the single scull
Member, United States Olympic Hall of Fame
Member, United States Rowing Hall of Fame, Single Scull (elected 1956 at the same time as his son, Jack Jr.)
Member, United States Rowing Hall of Fame, Double Scull (elected 1956)
National Physical Fitness Director (World War II)
Member Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame, (elected in the charter class of 2003 with Wilt Chamberlain, Joe Frazier, Jimmie Foxx, et al.)
References
External links
Schuylkill Navy site on Kelly, et al.
Time Magazine Obituary
Article on Kelly Sr. and Kelly Jr.
Kelly Statue
Kelly Statue
Holmesburg Athletic Club Philadelphia Athletic Champs 1919 & 1920
1889 births
1960 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War I
American bricklayers
American people of Irish descent
Burials at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery
Catholics from Pennsylvania
Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Kelly family
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in rowing
Rowers from Philadelphia
Rowers at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 1924 Summer Olympics
United States Army officers
United States Army soldiers
Holmesburg Athletic Club players
American male rowers
Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics
People associated with the Philadelphia Museum of Art
Pennsylvania Democrats
Military personnel from Philadelphia
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Sunset is a 1988 American crime mystery western film written and directed by Blake Edwards and starring Bruce Willis as Western actor Tom Mix, who teams up with lawman Wyatt Earp, portrayed for the second time in a theatrical film by James Garner. Based on an unpublished novel by Rod Amateau, the plot has Earp and Mix solve a murder in Hollywood in 1929.
Although Sunset had some comedic elements, it veered much more to the period mystery genre of old Hollywood. Reviewers, such as Roger Ebert, struggled trying to define the film. Ebert noted, "The strangest thing about 'Sunset' is that it's not a comedy, not exactly. It has some laughs, but it's a sort of low-key, elegiac mood film ..."
While Willis received top billing in Sunset, Garner actually has much more screen time in the film. This was the second film in which Garner played Wyatt Earp, the first being John Sturges's Hour of the Gun, released in 1967. This was director Edwards' second collaboration with Willis, whom he directed in Blind Date (1987).
Plot
In Hollywood in the late 1920s during the waning days of the industry's transition to sound film, producer and studio head Alfie Alperin wants to produce an epic Western film about Wyatt Earp. Tom Mix is cast as the great United States Marshal and the real Earp is on the set as a technical adviser.
While Earp and Mix, the "real" and "reel" western heroes, are involved in their film adventure, they also get caught up in an actual case of murder, prostitution and corruption with vicious gangster Dutch Keiffer. Together, they try to straighten out the problems of the missing son of Earp's former girlfriend, Christina. She is now the wife of studio boss Alfie Alperin and he is not pleased by Earp's investigation. Hostess Cheryl King becomes romantically involved with Earp.
Alfie's sister, Victoria Alperin, is dating a notorious mobster and all three were at the scene of the murder of Madam Candice Gerard. Soon Earp unveils the true sadistic character of Alfie Alperin. Two of his accomplices, studio Chief of Studio Police Dibner, whose interest is in protecting Alperin, and corrupt Capt. Blackworth, turn nasty.
Mix and Earp get to fight a real gunfight at a real isolated ranch, with Mix telling Earp "I wish there was a camera here" before drawing a real gun.
After the death of Christina, matters become personal for Earp, leading to the explosive climax between Mix, Alperin, and Earp.
Cast
Bruce Willis as Tom Mix
James Garner as Wyatt Earp
Malcolm McDowell as Alfie Alperin
Mariel Hemingway as Cheryl King
Kathleen Quinlan as Nancy Shoemaker
Jennifer Edwards as Victoria Alperin
Patricia Hodge as Christina Alperin
Richard Bradford as Captain Blackworth
M. Emmet Walsh as Chief Dibner
Joe Dallesandro as "Dutch" Kieffer
Andreas Katsulas as Arthur
Dann Florek as Marty Goldberg
Bill Marcus as Hal Flynn
Michael C. Gwynne as "Mooch"
Dermot Mulroney as Michael Alperin
Jeffrey Briar as Stan Laurel
Bevis Faversham as Oliver Hardy
John Fountain as John Gilbert
Peter Jason as Frank Coe
Historical context
Although largely fictitious, the story does contain elements of historical fact. Sunset depicts Wyatt Earp as a technical advisor to a fictional Tom Mix film of the Gunfight at the OK Corral in which Mix portrays the famous western marshal. Earp had been living in the Los Angeles area since about 1910. He had served as an unpaid technical adviser on some early silent Westerns from 1915 on and knew Western stars William S. Hart and Mix.
When he died on January 13, 1929, at the age of 80, Earp's funeral featured both Hart and Mix as pallbearers.
Both Mix's and Earp's personas are part of the plot in Sunset, with each figure alternately exploiting and deflating their public images. While Earp recounts some of his exploits, dropping names like Doc Holliday and Calamity Jane, he remains a taciturn and steadfast former lawman. The gunfight in Tombstone, Arizona had lasted only 30 seconds, but it would end up defining Earp for the rest of his life.
Mix also deals with his personal story, dismissing much of the conjecture about his origins, yet showing some of the bravado and derring-do that characterized his screen career. He compared himself as a "movie star cowboy" to the made-up heroics of Buffalo Bill Cody. His skills as a horseman, however, were faithfully derived from an early life as a cowboy; the impresario personality came later.
Production
Mariel Hemingway, like Bruce Willis and James Garner, signed up for the film for the chance to work with Blake Edwards. Hemingway confessed, "The movie sounded a little chaotic, but it had a secret weapon: it was directed by Blake Edwards who had made Breakfast at Tiffany's, a movie that was almost a religion with me. I couldn't pass up the chance to work with him."
Garner had fond memories of working with Edwards in Victor Victoria (1982), and Willis and Edwards had a close working relationship after Willis had made his film debut in Edwards' Blind Date. Throughout the pre-production phases of the film, Edwards counseled his young star that, "... he couldn't rely on the jokes and the leer" that had been his trademark in the Moonlighting television series (1985–1989). The relationship between the two male leads was not as sunny, however. After filming, Garner said he would never work with Willis again, saying "Willis is high school. He's not that serious about his work. He thinks he's so clever he can just walk through it, make up dialogue and stuff. I don't think you work that way."
A running gag throughout the film was that Wyatt Earp cannot drive, though he does so on more than one occasion. Garner was considered an expert stunt driver and did quite a lot of his own driving on his TV series, The Rockford Files (1974–1980).
Edwards went to great lengths to recreate the 1920s Hollywood era, including a recreation of the 1929 Academy Awards dinner, complete with a mime act that closely resembled the antics of silent screen comedians such as Charlie Chaplin. This focus on period detail was noted as one of the serious flaws in the staging of the film.
Principal photography on Sunset took place from April 6, 1987 and wrapped on July 2, 1987. The filming locations included locations in southern California: Ambassador Hotel, 3400 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, 7000 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood. For exteriors, the Orange Empire Railroad Museum, Perris, California (railroad scenes) and the Bell Ranch, Santa Susana, California and Melody Ranch, 24715 Oak Creek Avenue, Newhall, California were utilized. Studio work took place at Culver City Studios.
Historical inaccuracies
The film features Earp attending the 1st Academy Awards which took place on May 16, 1929. Historically, Wyatt Earp died on January 13, 1929 (at the age of 80). He was ill prior to his death.
The film omits any mention of Josephine Marcus, who had been Earp's common law wife for over twenty-five years at the time of his death. In 1929 she lived in Los Angeles with Earp.
Soundtrack
The musical soundtrack for Sunset was scored by Henry Mancini. The film features the song "Black and Tan Fantasy" by Duke Ellington and His Orchestra.
Reception
Box office
Studio executives were divided on how to promote Sunset as most filmgoers would have expected a Blake Edwards film to be a comedy. The trailer began with the catchphrase "The following story is almost true ... give or take a lie or two" and emphasized comedic scenes. Upon release, Sunset was a box office failure, produced on a $16 million budget, and making only $4.6 million domestically.
Critical
Sunset earned predominately negative reviews from critics and the public alike. Most reviewers noted that Garner's screen presence was the only thing that made the film watchable. Hal Hinson in his review for The Washington Post contrasted the impact of the two male stars: "Ultimately, 'Sunset' plays like deluxe dinner theater fare. It's a diversion to take along with your after-meal coffee and dessert. Garner's western suavity is the only grace note. Few performers have generated the sort of good will that Garner has, and this may be the most solid work he's ever done in the movies. The figure he cuts is an evocative one. Watching him, you may think you smell a trace of sagebrush."
Film critic Robert Horton was scathing in his review of Sunset, calling it "... a moribund movie made by a collection of people who have an abundance of talent. How does a movie like this go wrong?" He laid the blame squarely on Edward's limp direction. "... Edwards seems to have lost his verve. Sunset crawls along with little conviction or life."
Movie historian Leonard Maltin seemed to agree with Horton, calling the picture an "appalling piece of junk, unpleasant and unbelievable from the word go. Willis registers zero playing one of the Western genre's most magnetic stars; only Garner's charisma saves this bomb."
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 21% based on 14 reviews, with an average score of 3.70/10.
Awards and nominations
Patricia Norris, costume designer for Sunset was nominated for Best Costume Design at the 1989 Academy Awards. However, winning the 1989 Razzie Award for Blake Edwards for Worst Director and nominating Mariel Hemingway for Worst Supporting Actress, was a dubious distinction.
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
1988 films
1980s crime thriller films
1980s mystery thriller films
American buddy films
American crime thriller films
American mystery thriller films
American Western (genre) films
1988 Western (genre) films
Films scored by Henry Mancini
Films about Hollywood, Los Angeles
Films directed by Blake Edwards
Films with screenplays by Blake Edwards
Films set in 1929
TriStar Pictures films
Cultural depictions of Wyatt Earp
Cultural depictions of Laurel & Hardy
1980s buddy films
Golden Raspberry Award winning films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
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Neuroimmunology is a field combining neuroscience, the study of the nervous system, and immunology, the study of the immune system. Neuroimmunologists seek to better understand the interactions of these two complex systems during development, homeostasis, and response to injuries. A long-term goal of this rapidly developing research area is to further develop our understanding of the pathology of certain neurological diseases, some of which have no clear etiology. In doing so, neuroimmunology contributes to development of new pharmacological treatments for several neurological conditions. Many types of interactions involve both the nervous and immune systems including the physiological functioning of the two systems in health and disease, malfunction of either and or both systems that leads to disorders, and the physical, chemical, and environmental stressors that affect the two systems on a daily basis.
Background
Neural targets that control thermogenesis, behavior, sleep, and mood can be affected by pro-inflammatory cytokines which are released by activated macrophages and monocytes during infection. Within the central nervous system production of cytokines has been detected as a result of brain injury, during viral and bacterial infections, and in neurodegenerative processes.
From the US National Institute of Health:
"Despite the brain's status as an immune privileged site, an extensive bi-directional communication takes place between the nervous and the immune system in both health and disease. Immune cells and neuroimmune molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors modulate brain function through multiple signaling pathways throughout the lifespan. Immunological, physiological and psychological stressors engage cytokines and other immune molecules as mediators of interactions with neuroendocrine, neuropeptide, and neurotransmitter systems. For example, brain cytokine levels increase following stress exposure, while treatments designed to alleviate stress reverse this effect.
"Neuroinflammation and neuroimmune activation have been shown to play a role in the etiology of a variety of neurological disorders such as stroke, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, pain, and AIDS-associated dementia. However, cytokines and chemokines also modulate CNS function in the absence of overt immunological, physiological, or psychological challenges. For example, cytokines and cytokine receptor inhibitors affect cognitive and emotional processes. Recent evidence suggests that immune molecules modulate brain systems differently across the lifespan. Cytokines and chemokines regulate neurotrophins and other molecules critical to neurodevelopmental processes, and exposure to certain neuroimmune challenges early in life affects brain development. In adults, cytokines and chemokines affect synaptic plasticity and other ongoing neural processes, which may change in aging brains. Finally, interactions of immune molecules with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system indicate that sex differences are a significant factor determining the impact of neuroimmune influences on brain function and behavior."
Recent research demonstrates that reduction of lymphocyte populations can impair cognition in mice, and that restoration of lymphocytes restores cognitive abilities.
Epigenetics
Overview
Epigenetic medicine encompasses a new branch of neuroimmunology that studies the brain and behavior, and has provided insights into the mechanisms underlying brain development, evolution, neuronal and network plasticity and homeostasis, senescence, the etiology of diverse neurological diseases and neural regenerative processes. It is leading to the discovery of environmental stressors that dictate initiation of specific neurological disorders and specific disease biomarkers. The goal is to "promote accelerated recovery of impaired and seemingly irrevocably lost cognitive, behavioral, sensorimotor functions through epigenetic reprogramming of endogenous regional neural stem cells".
Neural stem cell fate
Several studies have shown that regulation of stem cell maintenance and the subsequent fate determinations are quite complex. The complexity of determining the fate of a stem cell can be best understood by knowing the "circuitry employed to orchestrate stem cell maintenance and progressive neural fate decisions". Neural fate decisions include the utilization of multiple neurotransmitter signal pathways along with the use of epigenetic regulators. The advancement of neuronal stem cell differentiation and glial fate decisions must be orchestrated timely to determine subtype specification and subsequent maturation processes including myelination.
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neurodevelopmental disorders result from impairments of growth and development of the brain and nervous system and lead to many disorders. Examples of these disorders include Asperger syndrome, traumatic brain injury, communication, speech and language disorders, genetic disorders such as fragile-X syndrome, Down syndrome, epilepsy, and fetal alcohol syndrome. Studies have shown that autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may present due to basic disorders of epigenetic regulation. Other neuroimmunological research has shown that deregulation of correlated epigenetic processes in ASDs can alter gene expression and brain function without causing classical genetic lesions which are more easily attributable to a cause and effect relationship. These findings are some of the numerous recent discoveries in previously unknown areas of gene misexpression.
Neurodegenerative disorders
Increasing evidence suggests that neurodegenerative diseases are mediated by erroneous epigenetic mechanisms. Neurodegenerative diseases include Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimmunological research into these diseases has yielded evidence including the absence of simple Mendelian inheritance patterns, global transcriptional dysregulation, multiple types of pathogenic RNA alterations, and many more. In one of the experiments, a treatment of Huntington’s disease with histone deacetylases (HDAC), an enzyme that removes acetyl groups from lysine, and DNA/RNA binding anthracylines that affect nucleosome positioning, showed positive effects on behavioral measures, neuroprotection, nucleosome remodeling, and associated chromatin dynamics. Another new finding on neurodegenerative diseases involves the overexpression of HDAC6 suppresses the neurodegenerative phenotype associated with Alzheimer’s disease pathology in associated animal models. Other findings show that additional mechanisms are responsible for the "underlying transcriptional and post-transcriptional dysregulation and complex chromatin abnormalities in Huntington's disease".
Neuroimmunological disorders
The nervous and immune systems have many interactions that dictate overall body health. The nervous system is under constant monitoring from both the adaptive and innate immune system. Throughout development and adult life, the immune system detects and responds to changes in cell identity and neural connectivity. Deregulation of both adaptive and acquired immune responses, impairment of crosstalk between these two systems, as well as alterations in the deployment of innate immune mechanisms can predispose the central nervous system (CNS) to autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Other evidence has shown that development and deployment of the innate and acquired immune systems in response to stressors on functional integrity of cellular and systemic level and the evolution of autoimmunity are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Autoimmunity has been increasingly linked to targeted deregulation of epigenetic mechanisms, and therefore, use of epigenetic therapeutic agents may help reverse complex pathogenic processes. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one type of neuroimmunological disorder that affects many people. MS features CNS inflammation, immune-mediated demyelination and neurodegeneration.
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (also known as Chronic fatigue syndrome), is a multi-system disease that causes dysfunction of neurological, immune, endocrine and energy-metabolism systems. Though many patients show neuroimmunological degeneration, the correct roots of ME/CFS are unknown. Symptoms of ME/CFS include significantly lowered ability to participate in regular activities, stand or sit straight, inability to talk, sleep problems, excessive sensitivity to light, sound or touch and/or thinking and memory problems (defective cognitive functioning). Other common symptoms are muscle or joint pain, sore throat or night sweats. There is no treatment but symptoms may be treated. Patients that are sensitive to mold may show improvement in symptoms having moved to drier areas. Some patients in general have less severe ME, whereas others may be bedridden for life.
Major themes of research
The interaction of the CNS and immune system are fairly well known. Burn-induced organ dysfunction using vagus nerve stimulation has been found to attenuate organ and serum cytokine levels. Burns generally induce abacterial cytokine generation and perhaps parasympathetic stimulation after burns would decrease cardiodepressive mediator generation. Multiple groups have produced experimental evidence that support proinflammatory cytokine production being the central element of the burn-induced stress response. Still other groups have shown that vagus nerve signaling has a prominent impact on various inflammatory pathologies. These studies have laid the groundwork for inquiries that vagus nerve stimulation may influence postburn immunological responses and thus can ultimately be used to limit organ damage and failure from burn induced stress.
Basic understanding of neuroimmunological diseases has changed significantly during the last ten years. New data broadening the understanding of new treatment concepts has been obtained for a large number of neuroimmunological diseases, none more so than multiple sclerosis, since many efforts have been undertaken recently to clarify the complexity of pathomechanisms of this disease. Accumulating evidence from animal studies suggests that some aspects of depression and fatigue in MS may be linked to inflammatory markers. Studies have demonstrated that Toll like-receptor (TLR4) is critically involved in neuroinflammation and T cell recruitment in the brain, contributing to exacerbation of brain injury. Research into the link between smell, depressive behavior, and autoimmunity has turned up interesting findings including the facts that inflammation is common in all of the diseases analyzed, depressive symptoms appear early in the course of most diseases, smell impairment is also apparent early in the development of neurological conditions, and all of the diseases involved the amygdale and hippocampus. Better understanding of how the immune system functions and what factors contribute to responses are being heavily investigated along with the aforementioned coincidences.
Neuroimmunology is also an important topic to consider during the design of neural implants. Neural implants are being used to treat many diseases, and it is key that their design and surface chemistry do not elicit an immune response.
Future directions
The nervous system and immune system require the appropriate degrees of cellular differentiation, organizational integrity, and neural network connectivity. These operational features of the brain and nervous system may make signaling difficult to duplicate in severely diseased scenarios. There are currently three classes of therapies that have been utilized in both animal models of disease and in human clinical trials. These three classes include DNA methylation inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, and RNA-based approaches. DNA methylation inhibitors are used to activate previously silenced genes. HDACs are a class of enzymes that have a broad set of biochemical modifications and can affect DNA demethylation and synergy with other therapeutic agents. The final therapy includes using RNA-based approaches to enhance stability, specificity, and efficacy, especially in diseases that are caused by RNA alterations. Emerging concepts concerning the complexity and versatility of the epigenome may suggest ways to target genomewide cellular processes. Other studies suggest that eventual seminal regulator targets may be identified allowing with alterations to the massive epigenetic reprogramming during gametogenesis. Many future treatments may extend beyond being purely therapeutic and may be preventable perhaps in the form of a vaccine. Newer high throughput technologies when combined with advances in imaging modalities such as in vivo optical nanotechnologies may give rise to even greater knowledge of genomic architecture, nuclear organization, and the interplay between the immune and nervous systems.
See also
Immune system
Immunology
Gut–brain axis
Neural top down control of physiology
Neuroimmune system
Neurology
Psychosomatic illness
References
Further reading
(Written for the highly technical reader)
Mind-Body Medicine: An Overview, US National Institutes of Health, Center for Complementary and Integrative Health
technical.
(Written for the general public)
External links
Online Resources Psychoneuroimmunology, Neuroimmunomodulation
(6 chapters from this Cambridge UP book are freely available)
More than 100, freely available, published research articles on neuroimmunology and related topics by Professor Michael P. Pender, Neuroimmunology Research Unit, The University of Queensland
Branches of immunology
Clinical neuroscience
Neurology
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The behavioral approach to systems theory and control theory was initiated in the late-1970s by J. C. Willems as a result of resolving inconsistencies present in classical approaches based on state-space, transfer function, and convolution representations. This approach is also motivated by the aim of obtaining a general framework for system analysis and control that respects the underlying physics.
The main object in the behavioral setting is the behavior – the set of all signals compatible with the system. An important feature of the behavioral approach is that it does not distinguish a priority between input and output variables. Apart from putting system theory and control on a rigorous basis, the behavioral approach unified the existing approaches and brought new results on controllability for nD systems, control via interconnection, and system identification.
Dynamical system as a set of signals
In the behavioral setting, a dynamical system is a triple
where
is the "time set" – the time instances over which the system evolves,
is the "signal space" – the set in which the variables whose time evolution is modeled take on their values, and
the "behavior" – the set of signals that are compatible with the laws of the system
( denotes the set of all signals, i.e., functions from into ).
means that is a trajectory of the system, while means that the laws of the system forbid the trajectory to happen. Before the phenomenon is modeled, every signal in is deemed possible, while after modeling, only the outcomes in remain as possibilities.
Special cases:
– continuous-time systems
– discrete-time systems
– most physical systems
a finite set – discrete event systems
Linear time-invariant differential systems
System properties are defined in terms of the behavior. The system is said to be
"linear" if is a vector space and is a linear subspace of ,
"time-invariant" if the time set consists of the real or natural numbers and
for all ,
where denotes the -shift, defined by
.
In these definitions linearity articulates the superposition law, while time-invariance articulates that the time-shift of a legal trajectory is in its turn a legal trajectory.
A "linear time-invariant differential system" is a dynamical system whose behavior is the solution set of a system of constant coefficient linear ordinary differential equations , where is a matrix of polynomials with real coefficients. The coefficients of are the parameters of the model. In order to define the corresponding behavior, we need to specify when we consider a signal to be a solution of . For ease of exposition, often infinite differentiable solutions are considered. There are other possibilities, as taking distributional solutions, or solutions in , and with the ordinary differential equations interpreted in the sense of distributions. The behavior defined is
This particular way of representing the system is called "kernel representation" of the corresponding dynamical system. There are many other useful representations of the same behavior, including transfer function, state space, and convolution.
For accessible sources regarding the behavioral approach, see
.
Observability of latent variables
A key question of the behavioral approach is whether a quantity w1 can be deduced given an observed quantity w2 and a model. If w1 can be deduced given w2 and the model, w2 is said to be observable. In terms of mathematical modeling, the to-be-deduced quantity or variable is often referred to as the latent variable and the observed variable is the manifest variable. Such a system is then called an observable (latent variable) system.
References
Additional sources
Paolo Rapisarda and Jan C.Willems, 2006. Recent Developments in Behavioral System Theory, July 24–28, 2006, MTNS 2006, Kyoto, Japan
J.C. Willems. Terminals and ports. IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine Volume 10, issue 4, pages 8–16, December 2010
J.C. Willems and H.L. Trentelman. On quadratic differential forms. SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization Volume 36, pages 1702-1749, 1998
J.C. Willems. Paradigms and puzzles in the theory of dynamical systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control Volume 36, pages 259-294, 1991
J.C. Willems. Models for dynamics. Dynamics Reported Volume 2, pages 171-269, 1989
Systems theory
Dynamical systems
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The Intermediate dispute was a major split in Scottish football which lasted from 1925 to 1931 and concerned the compensation that Junior clubs received when one of their players moved to a Senior football league side. Although largely confined to the West of Scotland, the dispute involved many of the best Junior clubs in the country, setting them in direct conflict with both the Scottish Football Association (SFA) and their own organisation, the Scottish Junior Football Association (SJFA).
History
The dispute was principally led by the Glasgow Junior Football League (GJL). The GJL was the strongest Junior league in Scotland, having provided fifteen of the twenty-six Scottish Junior Cup winners since the turn of the century. Its clubs were increasingly dissatisfied with the behaviour of Senior clubs, in both Scotland and England, who would often approach a player without first contacting the Junior club themselves, then offering little or no compensation for that player if signed. In 1925, the GJL introduced a new player registration form, known as the "White Form". This document gave clubs a two-year option on a players services, enabling greater compensation to be demanded and became the principle to unite the Intermediate movement.
In March 1927, sixty-two clubs met to form the Scottish Intermediate Junior Football Association and a split with the Scottish Junior Football Association became inevitable. The SJFA sympathised with the Intermediate cause but would not sanction a breakaway. The Intermediates for their part, felt that the SJFA had failed to negotiate powerfully enough on their behalf with the Scottish Football Association. The reaction of the SFA was simply to prohibit the signing of any registered Intermediate player. In practice however, once a transfer fee was agreed between Senior and Intermediate clubs, a player's registration was cancelled, evidence destroyed, and the player could sign as a free agent.
In June 1927, the powerful GJL dissolved itself at its AGM and its twenty member clubs were joined by a further twenty from other leagues to form the breakaway Scottish Intermediate Football League. Winners of this league lifted the Evening Times Trophy, previously awarded to the Glasgow Junior League champions. In Ayrshire, the Western Junior Football League reformed as the Western Intermediate Football League at the same time with sixteen out of the eighteen clubs supporting the dispute. Clubs in Fife also showed an interest however the prospect of increased travel meant their participation was not viable. From the beginning of season 1927–28, Intermediate clubs began to compete in separate competitions, including their own Scottish Intermediate Cup (i.e. they did not take part in the Scottish Junior Cup).
For the next four seasons, despite much negotiation, both sides in the dispute maintained their positions. Numbers in the Intermediate leagues however were beginning to dwindle. A combination of clubs folding and defections to Junior leagues meant that by 1931, only forty-two Intermediate sides remained. Some influential clubs, including Irvine Meadow, started to push for a resolution. A series of meetings in February 1931 led to one final meeting on 27 May 1931 when the Intermediate clubs and SFA agreed terms with only two clubs voting against. A standard transfer fee of £75 was introduced for a professional Junior player. Provisional transfer arrangements also made it easier for clubs to keep their players whilst still involved in major competitions. With this compromise reached, the Scottish Intermediate Association renamed itself the West of Scotland Junior FA. It was also decided not to reform the GJL but to keep the Scottish Intermediate League format as the Central Junior Football League. The Scottish Intermediate Cup was also renamed as the West of Scotland Junior Cup, and whilst it was initially only open to the 'breakaway' clubs it is now open to all junior clubs in the region.
Winners of Intermediate competitions
Scottish Intermediate Cup
1927–28 Ashfield
1928–29 Ashfield
1929–30 Clydebank Juniors
1930–31 Yoker Athletic
Scottish Intermediate League
1927–28 BailliestonRunners-up: Ashfield
1928–29 AshfieldRunners-up: Baillieston
1929–30 Clydebank JuniorsRunners-up: Bridgeton Waverley
1930–31 Bridgeton WaverleyRunners-up: Yoker Athletic
Scottish Intermediate League Cup
1927–28 Kirkintilloch Rob Roy
1928–29 Ashfield
1929–30 Clydebank Juniors
1930–31 Pollok
Glasgow Intermediate Cup
1927–28 Kirkintilloch Rob Roy
1928–29 Ashfield
1929–30 Clydebank Juniors
1930–31 Pollok
Western Intermediate League
1927–28 Kilwinning RangersRunners-up: Kilwinning Eglinton
1928–29 Irvine Meadow XIRunners-up: Ardeer Thistle
1929–30 Kilwinning EglintonRunners-up: Troon Athletic
1930–31 Kilwinning RangersRunners-up: Irvine Meadow XI
Western Intermediate League Cup
1927–28 Irvine Meadow XI
1928–29 Irvine Meadow XI
1929–30 Kilwinning Rangers
1930–31 Darvel
Notes
References
History of football in Scotland
Scottish Junior Football Association, West Region
Sports labor disputes
1920s in Scotland
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Zhang Shijie () was a Chinese admiral, military general, and politician during the Mongol invasion of China.
Zhang was born to a prosperous family in present-day Hebei (part of the Liao empire, then Jin empire). After the fall of the Jin to the Mongol Empire, Zhang joined the Mongol army and was stationed in present-day Henan province under the command of Zhang Rou, a Han Chinese general of the Mongol Empire.
Zhang Shijie defected from the Mongols to the Southern Song dynasty after he committed a crime, to evade punishment. Zhang Shijie gained his position in the Song administration after passing his civil service examination, eventually becoming a successful administrator overseeing civil, military, and naval duties for the Southern Song.
After the fall of the capital Lin'an (modern-day Hangzhou), Zhang commanded the Song naval forces during the Mongol invasion of China in 1276, and served as the last commander of the Song fleet, during the attempt to escort Emperor Bing of Song and other Imperial officials as they fled the Mongols in 1279. However, Zhang's fleet was intercepted by Mongol forces under the command of Zhang Hongfan (the son of Zhang Shijie's former commander Zhang Rou) off the coast of Xinhui and destroyed at the Battle of Yamen on 19 March 1279. Prime Minister Lu Xiufu committed suicide, drowning the child Emperor with him, following their defeat. Although Zhang Shijie was able to escape with his remaining ships, he was said to have died a few days later during a storm at sea. Along with Lu Xiufu and Wen Tianxiang, Zhang is considered one of the "Three Loyal Princes of the Song".
References
Giles, Herbert A. A Chinese Biographical Dictionary. Taipei, 1975.
1279 deaths
Chinese admirals
Deaths due to shipwreck at sea
Generals from Hebei
Politicians from Baoding
Song dynasty generals
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Shijie
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This is a list of members of Parliament (MPs) elected at the 1895 general election, held over several days from 13 July to 7 August 1895.
By-elections
1895
22 August: Cavan West - James Patrick Farrell, Anti-Parnellite, replacing Edmund Francis Vesey Knox
31 August: Inverness Burghs - Sir Robert Finlay QC, Liberal, replacing Gilbert Beith
5 September: Kerry South - Thomas Joseph Farrell, Anti-Parnellite, replacing
11 September: Limerick - Francis Arthur O'Keefe, Anti-Parnellite, replacing
12 September: Waterford West - James John O'Shee, Anti-Parnellite, replacing
28 November: Kensington South - The Earl Percy, Conservative, replacing
29 November: Liverpool East Toxteth - Augustus Frederick Warr, Conservative, replacing
6 December: Dublin University - Rt Hon William Lecky, Unionist, replacing David Plunket, Irish Unionist
1896
22 January: Belfast North - Sir James Horner Haslett, Ulster Unionist, replacing Edward Harland, Ulster Unionist
28 January: St Pancras South - Capt Herbert Jessel, Unionist, replacing
30 January: Brixton - Hon Evelyn Hubbard, Conservative, replacing Marquess of Carmarthen
21 February: Wycombe - Viscount Curzon, Conservative, replacing
22 February: Southampton - Sir Francis Evans KCMG, Liberal, replacing
26 February: Lichfield - Courtenay Warner, Liberal, replacing
19 March: Louth South - Richard McGhee (Irish National Federation) replacing Dr Daniel Ambrose (Irish National Federation) who died 17 December 1895
27 March: Kerry East - The Hon James Burke Roche (Irish National Federation) replacing Michael Davitt (Irish National Federation) who had been elected for two seats and chose to sit for Mayo South
6 April: Dublin College Green - James Laurence Carew, Parnellite, replacing J. E. Kenny Parnellite
24 April: Kerry North - Michael Joseph Flavin (Irish National Federation) replacing Thomas Sexton (Irish National Federation) who had resigned
1 May: Aberdeen North- Duncan Pirie, Liberal replacing William Hunter, Liberal
12 May: Edinburgh & St Andrews Universities - Sir William Overend Priestley, Conservative, replacing
2 June: Wick Burghs - Thomas Hedderwick, Liberal, replacing Sir John Pender
2 June: Frome - John Barlow, Liberal, replacing
10 November: Bradford East - Capt Hon Ronald Greville, Conservative, replacing Henry Byron Reed
1897
12 January: Cleveland - Alfred Pease, Liberal, replacing Henry Fell Pease
30 January: Forfarshire - Capt John Sinclair, Liberal, replacing Martin White
1 February: Romford - Louis Sinclair, Conservative, replacing Alfred Wigram
3 February: Walthamstow - Sam Woods, Liberal (Lib-Lab), replacing Edmund Widdrington Byrne
15 February: Glasgow Bridgeton - Sir Charles Cameron Bt, Liberal replacing Sir George Trevelyan, Liberal
18 February: Chertsey - Henry Leigh-Bennett, Conservative, replacing Charles Harvey Combe
3 March: Halifax - Alfred Billson, Liberal, replacing William Rawson Shaw
8 June: Petersfield - William Graham Nicholson, Conservative, replacing William Wickham
15 July: Roscommon South - John Patrick Hayden, Parnellite, replacing Luke Hayden
6 August: Sheffield Brightside - Frederick Maddison, Liberal, replacing A. J. Mundella
28 September: Denbighshire East - Samuel Moss, Liberal, replacing George Osborne Morgan
28 October: Barnsley - Joseph Walton, Liberal, replacing William Compton, Liberal
4 November: Middleton - Ald James Duckworth, Liberal, replacing Thomas Fielden
10 November: Liverpool Exchange - Charles McArthur, Unionist, replacing John Bigham
1898
12 January: Plymouth - Sigismund Mendl, Liberal, replacing
13 January: York - Rear Adm Lord Charles Beresford CB, Conservative, replacing
21 January: Mid Armagh - Dunbar Barton QC, Conservative, reelected
21 January: Dublin St Stephen's Green - James Campbell QC, Conservative, replacing
3 February: Marylebone West - Sir Samuel E. Scott Bt, Conservative, replacing
3 February: Wolverhampton South - John Lloyd Gibbons, Unionist, replacing Charles Pelham Villiers
15 February: Pembrokeshire - John Wynford Philipps, Liberal, replacing
15 February: Edgbaston - Francis William Lowe, Conservative, replacing
24 February: Cricklade - Edmund Fitzmaurice, Liberal, replacing Alfred Hopkinson
9 March: Stepney - W. C. Steadman, Liberal (Lib-Lab), replacing
26 March: Maidstone - Fiennes Cornwallis, Conservative, replacing
30 March: Wokingham - Comm Oliver Young RN, Conservative, replacing
10 May: Newark - Viscount Newark, Conservative, replacing
10 May: Staffordshire West - Alexander Henderson, Unionist, replacing
12 May: Norfolk South - Arthur W. Soames, Liberal, replacing
22 June: Hertford - Evelyn Cecil, Conservative, replacing
13 July: Gravesend - John H Dudley Ryder, Conservative, replacing
18 July: Down West - Capt Arthur Hill, Conservative, replacing
25 July: Reading - George William Palmer, Liberal, replacing
2 August: Great Grimsby - George Doughty, Unionist, replacing
3 August: Launceston - J Fletcher Moulton QC, Liberal, replacing
7 September: Down North - John Blakiston-Houston, Conservative, replacing
17 September: Darlington - Herbert Pike Pease, Unionist, replacing
20 October: Ormskirk - Hon Arthur Stanley, Conservative, replacing Arthur Bower Forwood
1 November: North Fermanagh - Edward Mervyn Archdale, Conservative, replacing Richard Martin Dane
9 December: Liverpool Kirkdale - David MacIver, Conservative, replacing
1899
6 January: Aylesbury - Hon Lionel Walter Rothschild, Unionist, replacing Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild
16 January: Newton - Lt Col Richard Pilkington, Conservative, replacing
23 January: Epsom - William Keswick, Conservative, replacing
14 February: Birmingham North - John Throgmorton Middlemore, Unionist, replacing William Kenrick
16 February: Londonderry - Count Arthur Moore, Anti-Parnellite, replacing Edmund Vesey Knox
21 February: Lanarkshire North West - Charles Mackinnon Douglas, Liberal, replacing John Goundry Holburn
23 February: Rotherham - William Henry Holland, Liberal, replacing
25 February: Antrim North - William Moore, Unionist, replacing Hugh McCalmont
March: Hythe - Sir Edward Albert Sassoon Bt, Conservative, replacing
8 March: Elland - Charles Philips Trevelyan, Liberal, replacing
16 March: Norfolk North - Sir William Brampton Gurdon KCMG, Liberal, replacing Herbert Cozens-Hardy (appointed to bench)
5 April: Harrow - Irwin Cox, Conservative, replacing William Ambrose
2 May: Merionethshire - Prof Owen Morgan Edwards, Liberal, replacing
11 May: Oxford University - Sir William Reynell Anson Bt, Unionist, replacing
30 May: Southport - Sir George Augustus Pilkington, Liberal, replacing
20 June: Edinburgh South - Arthur Dewar, Liberal, replacing Robert Cox
23 June: Edinburgh East - George McCrae, Liberal, replacing Robert Wallace
5 July: Osgoldcross - Sir John Austin Bt, Liberal, replacing
6 July: Oldham - Alfred Emmott and Walter Runciman, Liberal, replacing Robert Ascroft and James Francis Oswald
12 July: St Pancras East - Thomas Wrightson, Conservative, replacing
27 October: Bow and Bromley - Walter Murray Guthrie, Conservative, replacing Lionel Holland
6 November: Exeter - Sir Edgar Vincent KCMG, Conservative, replacing
1899: Clackmannan and Kinross-shires- Eugene Wason, replacing John Balfour, Liberal
1899: Wells -
1899: Mayo South -
incomplete for 1899 and 1900
Sources
Whitaker's Almanac 1900
See also
List of parliaments of the United Kingdom
UK general election, 1895
1895
List
UK MPs
1895 United Kingdom general election
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20MPs%20elected%20in%20the%201895%20United%20Kingdom%20general%20election
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Audio Karate is an American rock band from Rosemead, California.
History
Audio Karate signed to Kung Fu Records in fall 2001. They put out their debut album, Space Camp, on May 14, 2002. The album featured the songs "Nintendo 89," "Rosemead," and "Senior Year." After the release of Space Camp, Audio Karate toured the world with bands such as The Ataris, NOFX, Blink-182. In November and December, the group went on the Kung Fu Records 2002 tour in the US and UK alongside The Vandals and Tsunami Bomb. This was followed by a European leg in January and February 2003. In late June, the group appeared on the Warped Tour.
In January 2004, the group played on the Japanese leg of Warped Tour. After the heavy touring, the band decided to take a break to write their next record. The result was an album named Lady Melody that was produced by Bill Stevenson of the Descendents. "Jesus Is Alive and Well (and Living in Mexico)" was posted online on April 3, 2004. A music video was released for the song on May 7, 2004. They went on a US tour with Denver Harbor, who dropped off partway through the trek and was replaced by Dynamite Boy and Sing the Body Electric. Lady Melody was originally scheduled for release on May 18, it was eventually released on June 1, 2004 on Kung Fu Records. Lady Melody is considered a much darker and angrier record than Space Camp. In June and July 2004, the band toured with Say Anything, Lances Hero, and MC Lars. In August and September 2004, they went on tour with Tsunami Bomb, Pipedown and Time in Malta. At the end of the year, the band announced that they would take a "vacation".
On October 15, 2006 Audio Karate updated their fans via a blog entry on their MySpace page. The entry stated that vocalist/guitarist Arturo Barrios & guitarist Jason Camacho are writing the soundtrack to an independent movie titled "Maquillaje", a dark movie about botched love and suicide. It is directed by Marcial Rios, a friend of the band. The film is done entirely in Spanish. The music that they are writing for the movie doesn't sound like the typical Audio Karate songs; most of the songs have been fueled by heavy drinking. They also mentioned that they are working on a new album, but they don't know when it will be coming out, or when they will be able to go on tour again. On November 7, 2008, two songs were posted on the group's Myspace profile, "Lovely Residence" and "I Don't Know Sorry".
In 2009, the band resurfaced and reunited, releasing several new tracks through their Myspace page, but with no further news of an album release. On January 5, 2011 Gabriel posted on Twitter, "Audio Karate 2011 back in the Studio.... Interesting news to the 6 followers i have! Somebody get this twitter thing spreadin the word!"
Audio Karate can be followed @theAudioKarate. News of the return surfaced on Absolutepunk.net on January 13, 2011 As of July 11, 2011 the band formerly known as Audio Karate has picked up a new guitar player and piano player and has officially changed their name to Indian School. The new Indian School EP Titled "The Cruelest Kind" was released physically in January 2012 by Walnut Tree Records in the UK, and digitally by Ewok Teeth Records in the US.
"The Cruelest Kind" was re-released on vinyl on September 25, 2012. Indian School is attempting to raise money for a tour bus using the website Kickstarter. As of May 2014, Indian School is in the process of recording their debut album.
In March 2018, after the account lay dormant for nearly 6 years, the Audio Karate Twitter account, @theAudioKarate, posted that they were “Pickin’ up the instruments this year.”, and in April, it was announced that Audio Karate would be reforming to tour with the punk band Descendents.
The band announced in September 2018 that they would be releasing a self-titled, two-song EP on the 28th made up of recordings from sessions that took place some time after the release of 2004's Lady Melody, recorded at their studio of the same name in Montebello, CA. The sessions yielded 13 songs, including three with Rufio drummer Mike Jimenez. The EP, Audio Karate, includes two of these songs.
On August 28, 2019 Audio Karate announced that they will release their third full-length album, Malo, on October 18 of that year through Wiretap Records, A-F Records, and SBAM Records. This will be the band's first full-length album in 15 years. Along with this announcement, the band released the music video for the album's first single, "Sin Cuchillo."
The band released their fourth full-length album, ¡Otra!, on March 18, 2022 via Iodine Recordings.
Band members
Arturo Barrios - vocals, guitar (1995–2005, 2018–present)
Justo Gonzalez - bass, backing vocals (1995–2005, 2018–present)
Gabriel Camacho - drums, percussion (1995–2005, 2018–present)
Jason Camacho - guitar (1995–2005, 2018–present)
Discography
Albums
Demo (2000)
Space Camp (May 14, 2002)
Lady Melody (June 1, 2004)
The Cruelest Kind (EP) (January 2012) (as Indian School)
Audio Karate (EP) (September 28, 2018)
Malo (October 18, 2019)
¡Otra! (March 18, 2022)
A Show of Hands (EP) (June 30, 2023)
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Audio Karate on Twitter
Official MySpace
Bandpage at Kung Fu Records
Unofficial fanpage
Audio Karate on PureVolume.com
Musical groups from California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20Karate
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Cheshire County Council was the county council of Cheshire. Founded on 1 April 1889, it was officially dissolved on 31 March 2009, when it and its districts were superseded by two unitary authorities; Cheshire West and Chester and Cheshire East.
At the time of its abolition in 2009, it had six districts: Chester, Congleton, Crewe and Nantwich, Ellesmere Port and Neston, Macclesfield, and Vale Royal.
History
Cheshire County Council was created on 1 April 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888, which established elected county councils across England and Wales to take over the local government functions previously performed by the Quarter Sessions. Certain large towns were made county boroughs, administering their own affairs independently from the county councils. When Cheshire County Council was established in 1889, three county boroughs were created in Cheshire: Birkenhead, Chester, and Stockport. The area of the county excluding these towns was known as the administrative county and was the area under the jurisdiction of Cheshire County Council. Wallasey was later made a county borough in 1913, removing it from the administrative county.
Under the Local Government Act 1972, Cheshire was reconstituted as a non-metropolitan county and had its boundaries revised, with an area in the north-east of the county (including Stockport) being transferred to Greater Manchester, the Wirral peninsula (including Birkenhead and Wallasey) being transferred to Merseyside and the eastern tip of the county at Upper Longdendale and Tintwistle being transferred to Derbyshire. In return, the county gained the area around Widnes and Warrington from Lancashire. County boroughs were abolished at the same time, and so the city of Chester came under the jurisdiction of the county council for the first time. The lower tier of local government was also reorganised, with the county's previous municipal boroughs, urban districts and rural districts being replaced by eight non-metropolitan districts. These changes all took effect on 1 April 1974.
On 1 April 1998, two of the county's districts, Halton and Warrington, became unitary authorities, making them independent from Cheshire County Council.
Cheshire County Council and its six remaining districts were abolished on 31 March 2009. From 1 April 2009 the area formed two unitary authorities, with Cheshire East covering the area of the former Congleton, Crewe and Nantwich and Macclesfield districts, and Cheshire West and Chester covering the area of the former Chester, Ellesmere Port and Neston, and Vale Royal districts.
Premises
From 1889 until 1957 the county council met at the Crewe Arms Hotel in Crewe as a location conveniently accessible by railway to most of the county. Work began on building a new County Hall on Castle Drive in Chester in 1938, but work on the building was paused due to the Second World War, and it was not formally opened until 1957. After Cheshire County Council's abolition, County Hall was sold to the University of Chester.
Political control
From 1889 until 1970, elections to the county council were generally held every three years. As part of the reforms under the Local Government Act 1972, those councillors still in post in 1972 on the old county council had their terms of office extended to 31 March 1974. The first election to the reconstituted county council was held in 1973, initially operating as a shadow authority until the new arrangements came into effect on 1 April 1974. Elections were thereafter generally held every four years for the county council. The last election to Cheshire County Council was held in 2005. Voting for the new unitary authorities took place on 1 May 2008, which then acted as shadow authorities until formally taking over from the abolished county and district councils on 1 April 2009. Political control of Cheshire County Council from 1974 until its abolition in 2009 was held by the following parties:
Leadership
The chairmen of the county council from 1889 until the 1974 reforms were:
1889–1893: Duncan Graham.
1893–1922: Col. Sir George Dixon, 1st Baronet, JP, DL.
1922–1935: Sir William Hodgson, JP.
1935–1940: Maj. Thomas Clayton Toler.
1940–1944: Joseph Cooke.
1944–1948: Maj. Hewitt Pearson Montague Beames, CBE.
1948–1951: Sir Edward Otho Glover.
1952–1967: Lt-Col. Sir John Wesley Emberton.
1968–1974: Sir Herbert John Salisbury Dewes, CBE, JP, DL.
The leaders of the council from 1974 until 2009 were:
Council elections
1973 Cheshire County Council election
1977 Cheshire County Council election
1981 Cheshire County Council election
1985 Cheshire County Council election
1989 Cheshire County Council election
1993 Cheshire County Council election
1997 Cheshire County Council election
2001 Cheshire County Council election
2005 Cheshire County Council election
By-election results
External links
Cheshire Council
References
Former county councils of England
1889 establishments in England
2009 disestablishments in England
Former local authorities in Cheshire
Local government in Cheshire
Council elections in Cheshire
County council elections in England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheshire%20County%20Council
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Band of Gold is a British television crime drama series, written and created by Kay Mellor, first broadcast on ITV on 12 March 1995. Produced by Granada Television, the series revolves around the lives of a group of prostitutes who live and work in Bradford's red-light district. Principal actresses in the series include Geraldine James, Cathy Tyson, Barbara Dickson, and Samantha Morton. Three series of Band of Gold were produced (the third under the moniker of Gold, with only a small number of characters from the first two series), with the final episode broadcast on 1 December 1997.
Each series was released on VHS after its broadcast, followed by DVD reissues under the Cinema Club brand in July 2004. The complete series was released on DVD by Network on 6 February 2006, and was reissued on 22 May 2009. Prolific tie-in specialist John Burke novelised the first series' teleplays in Band of Gold: Ring of Lies (15 February 1996); and the second series' teleplays in Band of Gold: Chain of Power (9 May 1996); the publisher was Headline Books. A behind-the-scenes book, Gold: The Making of Band of Gold, written by Anthony Hayward, was published on 2 September 1997, to tie in with the broadcast of the third and final series.
Synopsis
Series 1
Gina Dickson (Ruth Gemmell) is a young mother living in Bradford, West Yorkshire who has thrown out her abusive husband, Steve, but finds herself in debt to numerous bill collectors. Gina goes to a loan shark named Mr. Moore to pay off her debts. But Gina can't find work, and there's no one to look after her three young daughters, while Mr. Moore wants his money back, with interest. She meets Carol (Cathy Tyson) since their children go to the same school and are friends. Carol currently works as a prostitute to support herself and her young daughter Emma. The desperate Gina tells Carol that she wants to join her profession to pay off her debts. Carol teaches Gina how to "work the Lane" and introduces Gina to the world of ponces, punters, and police. Gina also meets Carol's friends: Rose (Geraldine James), an older hooker who rules the lane, and Tracy (Samantha Morton), a 15-year-old runaway who's hooked on drugs supplied by her pimp. Anita Braithwaite (Barbara Dickson), is another friend who allows the women to rent out rooms in her flat in exchange for a cut of their earnings.
In the first episode, Carol accompanies Gina to a client's house. Whilst Gina is in another room with the client, Carol steals money from the client. Gina, putting her safety on the line, decides to work "The Lane" alone hoping to make up the last few pounds from one job so she can pay off her debts and go straight. Gina is later found murdered. Carol spends the rest of the series trying to avoid the serial killer, who proceeds to murder other prostitutes in Bradford. During the first series, Carol meets and becomes both intrigued and wary of a middle-aged client, named Curly (Richard Moore), who has a stocking fetish. Anita struggles to get by and her benefactor George Ferguson controls her. Tracy is attacked and nearly killed by her pimp Dez (Ashan Bhatti), but she recovers and her parents take her home. She is unable to stand living under their rules. Tracy's father abused her, she is not sure that her mother believes her, and her sister is resentful towards her for leaving home because her parents argued a lot since Tracy left. As a result, Tracy runs away from home again.
Tracy and Rose travel to London where Tracy continues her street-walking profession and Rose tries to go straight by going to college and meets a man, Richard, for whom she starts to have feelings. Tracy puts one of her calling cards in Richard's pocket; Richard phones and asks for two girls. Thinking that Rose will come with Tracy, he arranges to meet her. When Rose does not turn up, he leaves Tracey standing and visits Rose who comes clean to Richard (after they sleep together) about her life up North in Bradford and working the Lane. Rose can't understand when Richard rejects her as she liked him. She quits college and leaves town without Tracy, who is unwilling to go back up North as business is good in London. Rose then returns to Bradford.
In another subplot, Gina's murder sends shock waves through the community as her husband, Steve, is forced to help Gina's mother, Joyce, raise their three children as well as try to find a way to pay off her debts to the loan shark Mr. Moore.
DCI Newall, the police detective in charge of the murder investigation, is revealed to be having a tryst with Carol, who allows herself to be taken advantage of by the corrupt police officer in order to avoid being arrested for prostitution. She ends up suffering an emotional breakdown after pouring a kettle of hot water on Curly. Carol spends some time in a mental hospital and her daughter Emma is taken away from her. Upon her release, Carol sets off to try to find Gina's killer, and encounters many red herrings, from Curly, to Newall, to George Ferguson and Gina's husband, Steve.
In the final episode of the first series, Rose returns to Bradford to try to find another legitimate way to go straight. Tracy soon follows her, but still wants to keep her old profession. Carol finally comes face-to-face with the killer in a deserted community centre: he is revealed to be Ian, a psychotic community board member whom Carol and Gina briefly met in the first episode. He was the same client from whom Carol stole money. Fortunately Tracy raises the alarm and the other women, led by Curly, break into the building and the killer is subdued and arrested before he can kill Carol by drowning her in a swimming pool.
The first series ends on a somewhat upbeat note when Carol and Rose, still distraught over Gina's death, decide to quit prostitution and set up a legitimate cleaning company, with Anita and Gina's mother, Joyce, as silent partners, to rival that of the businessman, George Ferguson, for whom the loan shark, Mr Moore, was revealed to be working and who was responsible for Gina's harassment that led to her death.
Series 2
In the past several months in between the first and second series, Rose and Carol have turned their backs on prostitution and are trying to make a living by running their own cleaning company, "Scrubbit", with the financial support of Anita. But the women's old enemy, George Ferguson, is released from jail wanting revenge and needing a way to clear the debts he owes the local gangster Alf Black. Meanwhile, Tracy is still on the game and is in a sexual dalliance with Alf Black a dirty Old Man and most powerful crime lord on the streets, he also supplies her drugs. But is just using as a pawn in a grander scheme to import lucrative drugs into the country. There's also a new prostitute on the streets, the emotionally damaged and dangerous S&M specialist Colette (Lena Headey).
In the beginning of the second series, Rose and Carol are still going straight and working for Scrubbit. Tracy is now living with Rose and using the house as a Brothel much to Rose's dismay. Tracy has befriended Colette, who Rose dislikes by saying to Tracy she is bad news as Colette is a drug user as is Tracy who is spiralling out of control. George Ferguson tries to seek revenge on the women since he owns part of Scrubbit as his estranged wife Kathleen backed the company for the woman so they could set it up, as Anita went and told Kathleen she had been having an affair with her husband George for years. Anita lies and tells George that the women are interested in having him involved they set up a meeting with him where they work and get George admitting on tape that he has still got financial wealth Anita tapes it and blackmails him and tells him to stay away or she will take the tape to the police.
The woman's celebrations are short lived when George runs Anita over with his car and snatches the tape from Anita's handbag. Earlier, Anita lets on about Colette's punter giving them advice about Scrubbit and George's intentions with the company. Rose knows that Tracy was letting Colette use the house as a Brothel and goes to confront Tracy the episode ends with Anita laid in the road as George drives off in his Jaguar. During this episode Tracy is introduced to Alf at a party, who smiles lecherously at her from afar, before engaging in sex with each other.
Series 2 contains the most graphic portrayal of prostitution and has Tracy perform in some explicit sex scenes. The main story arc of the sequel is based around Tracy as her drug addiction becomes worse and leads to psychosis.
Rose is the only member of the team who isn't fed up with running Scrubbit. Carol's old client, Curly (Richard Moore), has become more of a friend. Brenda (Margo Gunn) is a Klenzit employee who helps Ferguson in his attempt to sabotage Scrubbit. She is working for Scrubbit and going behind the women's backs to Ferguson telling him information about Scrubbit. However, Curly found dead in Carol's house with his throat cut. Rose suspects it was George Ferguson, but he too is later found murdered. Carol worries that the police will accuse her because she had a mental breakdown earlier on in series one and that Curly was one of her punters. She panics and disposes of his body with Rose's help, but police find the car the next day with Carol's fingerprints all over the car. Carol is arrested for Curly's murder.
Meanwhile, there's heartbreak for Rose when she thinks that cellist Sarah is her long-lost daughter. Rose tells Sarah that she thinks she is her daughter. Sarah gets upset and explains that she had a sister, named Hannah, a foster child who ran away when she was 12. Rose goes back to the house to speak to Sarah's mother only to find out Hannah went to a children's home in Sheffield after running away several times and tying Sarah to a chair and cutting all her hair off and stabbing her three times.
Later on, Rose finds out that Colette is her daughter. Sarah's family fostered Colette but she ran away after being violent towards Sarah who tells Rose what Colette did to her when they were children. Rose is shocked by the news.
Carol gets in the clear after the police discover Ferguson was killed in the same way as Curly. Vinnie is still pestering Carol and he kidnaps Emma after she comes back from swimming he rings Carol and tells her he's got Emma. Carol quickly goes to where Vinnie says he's holding Emma. DCI Newell saves Emma and Vinnie is arrested for this and questioned about the death of his uncle, Curly, which he denies killing him.
Meanwhile, Tracy is in deeper trouble with Alf Black. Rose is shocked when she discovers that her daughter is actually Colette. Carol re-evaluates her feelings for DCI Newall, who is now investigating these latest murders. Tracy's ex-pimp, Dez (who almost killed her in Series 1) is released from jail. Tracy enlists Colette's help in order to take her revenge against Dez, but Colette hadn't bargained for Tracy murdering him.
It was Tracy who murdered Curly in Carol's house when he comes round to visit her but Carol is not in as she had taken Emma to the park. Tracy also murders George Ferguson in cold blood while he is coming out of where he works in the car park. Tracy slits his throat and leaves him for dead. Anita hits him over the head with a crutch and knocks him out, she is later brought by the police as a suspect but is later released. Anita later realises that it was Tracy who murdered all three men and she is now a psychotic mass murderer.
Meanwhile, Joyce takes her grandchildren to Blackpool to see Steve who is now working there. They have a pleasant day at the seaside but things are soured when they both have too much to drink and sleep together, they both wake up the next day regretting what they have done as Steve was married to Joyce's dead daughter Gina who was murdered in series 1.
In the final episode, Colette asks for Rose's help to cover up Dez's murder when Tracy refuses to acknowledge what she has done in committing cold-blooded murder. Tracy's psychosis leads her in deeper with her demons when she goes back to Harrogate to her parents house and her father answers the door. Tracy murders her father when she is alone with him. Rose rings the house, Tracy answers, and after hearing Rose's voice, she unplugs the phone. Rose borrows a van and the girls go to Harrogate to rescue Tracy, but they get there too late as Tracy had already committed suicide upstairs in her mother and father's house. The scene ends with Tracy laid in her bed covered in blood after having stabbed herself.
At the end of series 2, sees the girls sitting at the pub where they were in the beginning of the first series but it's revealed that it's the day of Tracy's funeral and they are saying goodbye to her. Carol sees Curly's solicitor and discovers she has inherited his factory and all his wealth. The scene ends with Rose, Anita, Carol, Joyce, and Colette sadly toasting Tracy's life, and survival, and The Lane.
Series 3
Re-titled Gold, the third and final series is regarded as a spin-off or a sequel due to the series being heavily retooled. The series begins as Carol moves from the Ingram Estate to Curly's large house in an upmarket area. Carol is unwisely spending her inheritance money like water on everything now having newfound wealth and she doesn't know what to do with it. She goes to visit Colette in the house where she lived with Tracy, but she doesn't recognise Carol. Colette asks what Carol is doing there she explains that she has come to visit old friends.
Carol's inheritance is threatened when Curly's nephew, Vinnie, has hired a private detective to try to prove that Carol is still on the game as a prostitute. Meanwhile, Rose take on a cause to celebrate when a beautiful escort, named Paula, is implicated in two murders. After DCI Mace is killed, Paula disappears and Rose is asked to assist the police to find her. Rose finally locates Paula and takes her to Carol's house. The only person who can save Paula is murdered. Paula goes back home to her husband where he shoots her and them himself. Rose finds them both dead.
Also, a young transsexual prostitute named Sherrie is raped and Rose and Carol must ensure the victim gets justice by finding her assailant. In the final arc of the series, Rose takes on dangerous gangsters from Leeds and a confused but dangerous young prostitute (Alicya Eyo) as they control the lives of the girls on the lane.
Meanwhile, Carol accuses Vinnie of trying to take over Curly's factory and arranges for him to be dealt with. Rose continues to do good work in the community and on the tolerance zone all the girls are being targeted. Sherrie identifies the attacker as a magistrate that works with Rose. The worker, Ed Smithson, is stalking Sherrie when he breaks into her flat and threatens her with a razor. Sherrie is raped by Ed Smithson and afterwards she tells Rose about it. The police become involved and Sherrie then retracts her statement, when bribed by Ed. Rose accuses Smithson of blackmailing and bribing Sherrie. Rose loses her job and Inspector Henryson awards Rose by giving her job back and sacking Smithson as the sponsor and hiring someone else.
Carol's half sister, Lisa, turns up at her house because their mother is in hospital. Lisa ends up leaving after her and Carol had an argument and she called Carol a whore. Lisa leaves and is manipulated into working on the lane by Charlie, nicknamed Little Charlie for his false hope of running the lane.
The body of a murdered black woman is found and is identified as Marva. Raymond is questioned by the police. After he is released. he comes after Rose and attacks her with a gun.
In the final episode, Raymond kidnaps Rose, who tells her that Shaun killed Marva. Shaun is then killed and Carol and Rose realise that Charlie is the killer. Vinnie burns down the factory to get back at Carol and collect the insurance money, but he does not know that Carol, Rose, Emma, Lisa, and Charlie are still inside. They all manage to get out, except for Charlie, who perishes in the fire, as the series ends on this dramatic and tragic note.
Locations
"The lane" referred to in the production is a reference to "Lumb Lane" which is a real street in Manningham, Bradford, historically renowned for being an area in which many prostitutes work. In recent years, however, "The Lane" has fallen into disfavour among sex workers due to alleged intimidation by groups of local residents who have formed "clean-up" gangs. Part of the filming took place in the West End area of Ashton-under-Lyne.
Cast
Main
Geraldine James as Rosemary "Rose" Garrity (Series 1–3)
Cathy Tyson as Carol Johnson (Series 1–3)
Barbara Dickson as Anita Braithwaite (Series 1–2)
Samantha Morton as Naomi "Tracy" Richards (Series 1–2)
Tony Doyle as George Ferguson (Series 1–2)
David Schofield as DCI David Newhall (Series 1–2)
Rachel Davies as Joyce Webster (Series 1–2)
Richard Moore as Granville 'Curly' Dirken (Series 1–2)
Ray Stevenson as Steve Dickson (Series 1–2)
Fiona Allen as DI Erica Cooper (Series 3)
Supporting
Ruth Gemmell as Gina Dixon (Series 1)
Ace Bhatti as Dez (Series 1–2)
Lena Headey as Colette (Series 2 - 3)
Anthony Milner as Bob (Series 1)
Adam Kotz as Vinnie Marshall (Series 1 & 3)
Judy Browne as DS Kershaw (Series 1)
Laura Kilgallon as Emma Johnson (Series 1–3)
Stephen MacKenna as Ian (Series 1)
Darren Tighe as Smiley (Series 2)
Rebecca Callard as Tula (Series 2)
Darren Warner as Lloyd (Series 3)
Judy Brooke as Julie (Series 3)
Danny Edwards as Sherrie Goodman (Series 3)
Alicya Eyo as Jae (Series 3)
Kern Falconer as Insp. Henryson (Series 3)
Ifan Meredith as Little Charlie (Series 3)
Episodes
Series overview
Series 1 (1995)
Producer — Tony Dennis. Executive Producer — Sally Head. Broadcast — Sundays, 9:00pm.
Series 2 (1996)
Producer — Elizabeth Bradley. Broadcast — Sundays, 9:00pm.
Series 3: Gold (1997)
Producer — Gillian McNeill. Broadcast — Mondays, 9:00pm.
References
External links
1995 British television series debuts
1997 British television series endings
1990s British drama television series
English-language television shows
ITV television dramas
Prostitution in British television
Serial killers in television
Television shows produced by Granada Television
Television series by ITV Studios
Television shows shot in Bradford
Television shows set in Bradford
Television shows set in West Yorkshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20of%20Gold%20%28TV%20series%29
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P.A. (short for Parental Advisory) was a Southern hip hop trio, part of the Atlanta-based Dungeon Family. The group composed of rappers/producers James "Mello" Hollins, Kawan "K.P." Prather and Maurice "Big Reese" Sinclair. In 1993, they released their debut studio album, Ghetto Street Funk. In 1998, they released their second full-length titled Straight No Chase via DreamWorks Records. The single "Like We Do" became a southern anthem while the group's second single, "Reservations" secured a spot on the Blade (soundtrack) earning the group a Gold Record for the soundtrack. My Life, Your Entertainment was the group's third album overall and their second record distributed by DreamWorks as well. The single "Sundown" featuring 8Ball filled the southeastern airwaves while BET played the video in heavy rotation.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
Production
YoungBloodZ: "85 / Billy Dee Interlude", "It's the Money / Fake ID Interlude", "Booty Club Playa" from Against da Grain (1999)
Mystikal: "Come See About Me" from Let's Get Ready (2000)
T.I. & Beanie Sigel: "2 Glock 9's" from Music from and Inspired by Shaft (2000)
Pink: "Do What U Do" from Can't Take Me Home (2000)
Rehab: "Escape Intro", "Storm Chaser", "Rattle My Cage" from Southern Discomfort (2000)
References
External links
Parental Advisory at AllMusic
Parental Advisory at Discogs
Musical trios from Georgia (U.S. state)
Dungeon Family members
Southern hip hop groups
MCA Records artists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.A.%20%28group%29
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Borgholzhausen is a town in the district of Gütersloh in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Teutoburg Forest, approx. 20 km north-west of Bielefeld.
Borgholzhausen is a sister city to New Haven, Missouri in the Missouri Rhineland of the United States.
Geography and early history
Borgholzhausen is located in a clearing in the Teutoburg Forest, on the northern edge of the Westphalian Plain. The mountain range roughly bisects the city area NW-SE and is in turn bisected by the mountain pass where the town of Borgholzhausen was founded. The mountainous part of the Borgholzhausen area generally reaches elevations of 200–300 meters above sea level, while the pass area and other lower-lying parts are less than half that elevation.
The town center is about one kilometer east of the Johannisegge mountain and south of the Hankenüll mountain. The northern parts of Borgholzhausen are in the Ravensberger mountains, while the south is in the Münsterland. The bedrock in the former part is a thick layer mainly of Cretaceous sediments, while the latter has a less thick layer of generally Mesozoic rocks covering the trunk of a Paleozoic mountain range.
The Borgholzhausen pass was an important route for crossing the Teutoburg Forest in the Bronze Age. As early as 1,500 B.C. The pass area was populated across the board. Numerous urn field cemeteries have been excavated in and around the city.
Town divisions
Barnhausen
Berghausen
Borgholzhausen
Casum
Cleve
Hamlingdorf
Holtfeld
Kleekamp
Oldendorf
Ostbarthausen
Westbarthausen
Wichlinghausen
Church
The Protestant Church dates back to the 14th century and features a stone-carved altar from around 1500.
References
Borgholzhausen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgholzhausen
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See Here, Private Hargrove (1942) is a book by Marion Hargrove, about his experiences in U.S. Army basic training.
Origin
The author, a North Carolina native, was a correspondent for The Charlotte News prior to World War II. After he was drafted in the U.S. Army, he wrote columns for the newspaper as a private at Fort Bragg. See Here, Private Hargrove is his collection of those columns, detailing his experiences in basic training with humor and sarcasm.
See Here, Private Hargrove was a good-natured look at Army ways, its early portions making the Army seem like a boys' camp. Private Hargrove and his buddies irritated their sergeants endlessly but were punished with nothing worse than stints polishing garbage cans.
Success
The light-hearted book was a hit with readers, spending 15 weeks on the New York Times best-seller list. It was regarded as a "publishing phenomenon," selling more than 400,000 hardcover copies, and more than two million copies in a paperback edition.
In 1944 the book was made into a movie of the same name, starring Robert Walker, Donna Reed, Keenan Wynn, Chill Wills and Robert Benchley. This was followed the next year by What Next, Corporal Hargrove?.
The book mentions fellow North Carolinian and journalist Lloyd Shearer, who later became a gossip columnist. It was said he "gained some notoriety" as a result of his appearance in the book.
References
Sources
Bear, John. The #1 New York Times Best Seller: intriguing facts about the 484 books that have been #1 New York Times bestsellers since the first list, 50 years ago, Berkeley: Ten Speed Press, 1992
Notes
1942 non-fiction books
Military humor
Military life
World War II memoirs
Henry Holt and Company books
Memoirs adapted into films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/See%20Here%2C%20Private%20Hargrove
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Isaac Chapman Bates (January 23, 1779March 16, 1845) was an American politician from Massachusetts.
He was born in Granville, Massachusetts, and graduated from Yale College in 1802. He practiced law in Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1808.
Political career
Massachusetts House of Representatives
He was a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives (1808–1809).
United States House of Representatives
Bates was elected to the United States House of Representatives (March 4, 1827 – March 3, 1835), where he was an Anti-Jacksonian. He was chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Military Pensions in the Twenty-first Congress. He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1834.
United States Senate
He was elected as a Whig to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy in the term ending March 3, 1841, caused by the resignation of John Davis and on the same day elected for the term commencing March 4, 1841, and served from January 13, 1841, until his death. He was chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Pensions (Twenty-seventh and Twenty-eighth Congresses); interment in Bridge Street Cemetery, Northampton, Massachusetts.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)
Sources and external links
"Memoir of Hon. I.C. Bates, Late United States Senator from Massachusetts." American Whig Review 3 (February 1846): 186–192.
1779 births
1845 deaths
Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
United States senators from Massachusetts
Yale College alumni
Massachusetts Federalists
Massachusetts Whigs
19th-century American legislators
Whig Party United States senators
National Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
People from Granville, Massachusetts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac%20C.%20Bates
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Luis Caballero is a comedian and writer of Puerto Rican descent, who lived in New York City for most of his life. After performing stand-up in comedy clubs for several years, he teamed up with filmmaker Ben Model to adapt his comedy material into a film. That film, which Model produced and directed, became The Puerto Rican Mambo (Not a Musical), a 74-minute feature which was released theatrically in 1992 and on home video in 1996. Caballero's sardonic humor sought to shed light on the Puerto Rican experience.
References
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
American male comedians
21st-century American comedians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis%20Caballero%20%28comedian%29
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Straight No Chase is the second studio album by the Dungeon Family associates P.A., released 1998 via DreamWorks Records.
The album peaked at No. 90 on Billboard'''s Top R&B Albums chart.
Critical receptionThe Record wrote that the album "incorporates live instrumentation and pure singing as a natural outgrowth of the compositions, rather than a gimmick or gesture." The Atlanta Constitution thought that "spaghetti guitars, soul and rock propel this sample-free and cinematic sophomore effort."
AllMusic called Straight No Chase'' "a brilliantly funky, unpredictable record that veers between street hip-hop, soul, rock and funk."
Track listing
Resurrection
Like We Do
China White
Crime Don't Pay
Ecstasy
Po Hustlin'
Dope Stories
Temptation
The Lick
10K Ho
Whoever Who
Reservations
WPA Radio
Southern Bread
Paradise
A Word to the Underachiever
References
1998 albums
P.A. (group) albums
DreamWorks Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight%20No%20Chase
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Joseph Kemp Toole (May 12, 1851 – March 11, 1929) was a Democratic politician from Montana. He served as the first and fourth Governor of Montana.
Biography
Toole was born in Savannah, Missouri and attended public school in St. Joseph, Missouri. In 1868, he graduated from the Western Military Institute in New Castle, Kentucky with honors. He moved to Helena, Montana in 1870; studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1871 and commenced practice in Helena. Toole was district attorney of the third judicial district of Montana (1872–1876), and a member of the Montana Territorial House of Representatives (1879-1881), and member and president of the Montana Territorial Council (1881–1883). He married Lily Rosecrans, daughter of General William Rosecrans, in 1890 and they had three children.
Career
Toole was a delegate to the State Constitutional Convention at Helena in 1884 and 1889, and elected as a Democrat to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses (March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1889); he did not seek renomination in 1888.
Toole was the first Governor of Montana (the only Democrat on the ticket that year to be elected), serving from November 8, 1889, until January 1, 1893. He resumed practice of law in Helena. Toole was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1892 and 1904.
He served as the fourth Governor of Montana from January 7, 1901 until April 1, 1908, when he resigned because of ill health. During his tenure, county treasurers were authorized to collect taxes on personal property, and there was legislation to ensure mine safety and mineworker protection.
Death
During retirement, Toole divided his time between his home in Helena and San Francisco, California, until his death on March 11, 1929, at the age of 77. He is interred at Resurrection Cemetery in Helena, Montana.
References
External links
National Governors Association
The Encyclopedia of Montana
1851 births
1929 deaths
People from Savannah, Missouri
Politicians from Helena, Montana
Politicians from San Francisco
Members of the Montana Territorial Legislature
19th-century American politicians
Democratic Party governors of Montana
Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from Montana Territory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Toole
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Robert Alexander Frazier (born 1951 in Ayer, Massachusetts) is an American writer of speculative poetry and fiction, as well as an impressionist painter on Nantucket Island.
Background
His mother, Barbara Brown Frazier, was an oil painter, educated by Emil Gruppe (1896–1978) and Dimitri Romanovsky (Russian/American, 1887–1971) for portraiture. His father, Stuart Wilson Frazier, was a civilian teacher of cryptoanalysis - code breaking - for U.S. Army security at Fort Devens, a post he obtained after serving in the Army with a small contingent of Americans during World War II at Bletchley Park, the famous codebreaking center in England.
Frazier was educated at the University of Iowa, where as an undergraduate, after being misplaced in a first course, he was allowed to take graduate courses in poetry at the Iowa Writers' Workshop.
Move to Nantucket Island
In the mid-1970s, he moved to Nantucket Island (his distant relatives were among the early settlers there), where an artists colony existed. He married Karol Marie Lindquist, a maker of the Nantucket Lightship Basket, in 1978, and attended the Clarion Workshop in Ann Arbor, Michigan in 1980 (and returned there as the assistant in 1981).
He also began a career in oil painting then, which after a hiatus to try working as a fiction writer from 1988 to 1998 (he sold 60 or so stories and was a regular attendee at the Sycamore Hill Writer's Workshop), he resumed in 1998.
Frazier freelances as a graphic designer, for a time designing books for SF publisher Mark V. Ziesing and was art director for Nantucket Magazine from 1995 - 2005.
He was president of the Artists Association of Nantucket from 1999 to 2004, and now works as their Curator of Exhibitions.
In 2016, he had his 15th consecutive solo exhibition of oil paintings at the Old Spouter Gallery on Nantucket Island. In 2007, his article on painter Frank Swift Chase was published in Historic Nantucket, a publication of the Nantucket Historical Association.
Science fiction
His first science fiction story, Across Those Endless Skies, appeared in In the Field of Fire (1987). He has won the Rhysling Award three times: for Best Long Poem in 1994, and for Best Short Poem in 1980 and 1989. In 1984, Frazier edited the landmark anthology of SF poetry Burning With A Vision: Poetry of Science and the Fantastic (Owlswick Press).
He is a founding member of the Science Fiction Poetry Association, and a past editor of their newsletter, Star*Line. He also edited and published one of the early magazines of SF poetry, The Speculative Poetry Review (later titled TASP). As a historian, Frazier has written several articles on the evolution of the SF poetry movement...the most recent being a 2005 primer on the Rhysling Awards for the poetry anthology, The Alchemy of Stars, the Rhysling Award Winners Showcase. The Science Fiction Poetry Association named Frazier a Grand Master] in 2005.
His Robot Origami, from the Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction March 2005 was nominated for the 2006 Rhysling Award.
His When Will Time Unfold, from the Magazine of Speculative Poetry, Spring 2006, was nominated for the 2007 Rhysling Award.
His collaborative poem with Bruce Boston, Chronicles of the Mutant Rain Forest, received first place in the 2006 Locus Online Poetry Poll for "Best All-Time Science Fiction, Fantasy, or Horror Poem".
In 2016, 25 years after first winning the award, he won the Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine Reader's Choice Award for poetry.
Frazier's work is taught to students as the major American SF poet; this is done (academic year 2005–2006) at the Faculty of Philology and Arts in the city of Kragujevac, Serbia.
Family
He and his wife have one daughter, born in 1973, Timalyne (also a graduate of Clarion and an SF writer), and two granddaughters, Phoebe and Chloe.
Bibliography
Family Secrets. Eel Grass Press, 1993.
The Daily Chernobyl and other poems. Cover by Katie Trinkle Legge, Anamnesis Press, 2000, winner of the Anamnesis Press Poetry Chapbook Competition of 1999.
The Art Colony on Nantucket: Sixty Years of Contemporary Art. with George Thomas, The AAN Press, 2005.
'Exiled on Main Street, The AAN Press, 2011.
'The Waterfront Artists, Painters Who Changed Nantucket, The AAN Press, 2012.
"Phantom Navigation", cover by Margaret Fox, Dark Regions Press, 2012.
"Visions of the Mutant Rain Forest", in collaboration with Bruce Boston, Crystal Lake Publishing, 2017.
Poetry
Collections
List of poems
Anthologies
Short fiction
Collections
References
External links
Locus Online Poetry Poll
Science Fiction Poetry Association
Artists Association of Nantucket
Locus Online Partial Bibliography
Sycamore Hill Writer's Workshop
Timalyne Frazier at Wheatland Press
Nantucket Historical Association
1951 births
Living people
American male novelists
American male poets
American male short story writers
American science fiction writers
American short story writers
Asimov's Science Fiction people
The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction people
People from Ayer, Massachusetts
People from Nantucket, Massachusetts
Rhysling Award for Best Long Poem winners
Rhysling Award for Best Short Poem winners
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Frazier%20%28writer%29
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Electric Circus is a Canadian television program.
Electric Circus may also refer to:
Electric Circus (album), by the rapper Common
Electric Circus (nightclub), a nightclub in Manhattan
Electric Circus, Manchester, a punk rock venue in 1970s
"Electric Circus", a song by Thee Michelle Gun Elephant
"Electric Circus", a song by Bad Suns from the 2022 album Apocalypse Whenever
Electric Circus, an entertainment segment running on BBC children's Saturday morning show Live & Kicking
See also
Inside the Electric Circus, a 1986 album by W.A.S.P.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20Circus%20%28disambiguation%29
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Bae Yong-Kyun (; born 1951) is a South Korean film director, painter, and professor. He is best known for his 1989 film Why Has Bodhi-Dharma Left for the East?
Life and career
Bae is a painter by training and a graduate of the University of Paris.
In the early 1980s, Bae began production on the film Why Has Bodhi-Dharma Left for the East? without any experience in the Korean film industry and using amateur actors. Production lasted for almost ten years, with Bae directing, writing, filming, editing and financing the film by himself. The film won the Golden Leopard at the Locarno Film Festival and was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. It was the first South Korean film to receive theatrical distribution in the United States.
Bae wrote and directed one other film, The People in White (, 1995).
Until 2000 he taught painting at Catholic University of Daegu. He has not been seen in public since August 2001. However, in 2020 the Korean Film Archive reported that he had assisted them in a digital restoration of Why Has Bodhi-Dharma Left for the East?
References
External links
General information about Bae Yong-gyun at the Cine21
Living people
1951 births
South Korean film directors
Buddhism in Korea
People from Daegu
20th-century South Korean painters
21st-century South Korean painters
Buddhist artists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bae%20Yong-kyun
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Harsewinkel () is a town in Gütersloh District in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It lies on the river Ems, some 15 km north-west of Gütersloh.
It is the home and domicile of Europe's leading combine harvester manufacturer CLAAS, which is a major employer in the town.
Notable people
Josef Homeyer (1929–2010), Roman Catholic bishop
Adrian Wewer, Church architect in the United States
Johann Christoph Rincklake, painter
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harsewinkel
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My Life, Your Entertainment is the third and final studio album by P.A., released in 2000. Jim Crow, T.I., 8Ball, Goodie Mob, N.O.R.E., Pimp C, and YoungBloodZ make guest appearances on the album.
Production
The album was produced by P.A., Organized Noize, and Craig Love.
Critical reception
The Pitch wrote that the group "blasts dynamic street rhymes over guitar-laced tracks that would have both Jimi Hendrix and Iceberg Slim smilin’ ... the combination of heavy-metal riffs and seductive pimp-licious grooves created a unique, richly textured sound." Rolling Stone wrote that P.A. "import shades of New York's ride-or-die anthems and old West Coast G-Funk into their crunk landscapes." The New Pittsburgh Courier thought that the album "takes P.A.'s funkadelic hip-hop to a new level with grimy ghetto rhymes, syrupy rock guitars and ham-hock-thick beats."
Track listing
Hello (Intro)
My Life, Yo Entertainment
U Got We Got
They Come Thru (featuring Jim Crow)
Just Like That
Down Flat (featuring T.I.)
Sundown (featuring 8Ball)
Handcuffin' (Interlude)
Playaz Do
Problems (featuring Khujo)
Entertainment (Interlude)
What Was It Fo?
Dope Stories [Remix] (featuring Big Gipp, Noreaga and Pimp C)
Somethin' 2 Ride (featuring YoungBloodZ)
My Time 2 Go (featuring Cee-Lo Green)
References
External links
Album on Discogs
2000 albums
P.A. (group) albums
DreamWorks Records albums
Albums produced by Organized Noize
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Life%2C%20Your%20Entertainment
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Let Love In is the eighth studio album by American rock band the Goo Goo Dolls, released in 2006. The album peaked at #9 on the US Billboard 200, selling around 83,000 copies in its first week. The album was certified Gold for sales of 500,000
units in May 2019 by the Recording Industry Association of America.
Track listing
All songs written by Johnny Rzeznik except when noted.
Tour Edition DVD
Live and Intimate
"Stay with You"
"Let Love In"
"Feel the Silence"
"Better Days"
"Without You Here"
"Listen"
"Can't Let It Go"
"We'll Be Here (When You're Gone)
"Strange Love"
"Black Balloon"
"Iris"
"Become"
"Broadway"
"Here Is Gone"
Audio studio tracks
"We'll Be Here (When You're Gone) (Acoustic)
"Better Days" (Acoustic) (also included on Japan pressings)
Personnel
John Rzeznik – guitar, lead and backing vocals
Robby Takac – bass, backing vocals, lead vocals on "Listen" and "Strange Love"
Mike Malinin – drums, percussion
Additional personnel
Joel Shearer – rhythm guitars
Zac Rae – keyboards
Tim Pierce – rhythm guitars
Greg Suran – rhythm guitars
Paul Gordon – keyboards
Brian Kilgore – percussion
Production notes
Mixed by Jack Joseph Puig
Mastered by Ted Jensen
Charts
Certifications
References
External links
2006 albums
Goo Goo Dolls albums
Albums produced by Glen Ballard
Albums produced by Rob Cavallo
Warner Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%20Love%20In%20%28Goo%20Goo%20Dolls%20album%29
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Postman Pat is a British stop-motion animated television series first produced by Woodland Animations. The series follows the adventures of Pat Clifton, a postman who works for Royal Mail postal service in the fictional village of Greendale (inspired by the real valley of Longsleddale in Cumbria).
Postman Pat'''s first 13-episode series was screened on BBC1 during 1981 and 1982. John Cunliffe wrote the original treatment and scripts, and was directed by animator Ivor Wood, who also worked on The Magic Roundabout, Paddington, and The Herbs. Following the success of the first season, and that of several subsequent television specials, a second season of 13 episodes was produced by the same crew in 1996. Here, Pat has a family for the first time. A new version of the series has been produced by Cosgrove Hall from November 2003, which expanded on many aspects of the original series.
Series overview
Episodes
The episode number follows the first broadcast order.
Series 1 (1981–1982)
Series 2 (1997)
Series 3 (2004)
Series 4 (2006)
Series 5 (2007)
Special Delivery Service episodes
Series 6 (2008)
This is the first season of Postman Pat: Special Delivery Service.
Series 7 (2013)
This is the second season of Postman Pat: Special Delivery Service.
Series 8 (2016–2017)
This is the third and high season of Postman Pat: Special Delivery Service''.
Specials (1990–2006)
References
External links
Postman Pat episode guide, TV Guide
Postman Pat Special Delivery Service, OVGuide
Lists of British animated television series episodes
Lists of British children's television series episodes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Postman%20Pat%20episodes
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John Joseph Cavanaugh III (born August 1, 1945) is an American politician and lawyer from Nebraska.
Early life and education
Born in Omaha, Nebraska, he graduated from Creighton Preparatory School in 1963, from Regis College in Denver, Colorado in 1967 and from Creighton University School of Law in 1972,. He was admitted to the bar in 1972 and set up practice in Omaha.
Career
From 1968 to 1970 he served in the United States Army. In 1972 he was elected to the Nebraska Legislature and served until 1976 when he was elected to represent Nebraska's 2nd district in the Ninety-fifth United States Congress. He was reelected to the Ninety-sixth United States Congress serving from January 3, 1977, to January 3, 1981. He did not run for reelection in 1980, opting to resume his law practice in Omaha. He is a Catholic and was a delegate for Nebraska to the Democratic National Convention of 1980, 2000, and 2004. Cavanaugh is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One.
References
John J. Cavanaugh, III - Martindale-Hubbell Law Profile
1945 births
Living people
Nebraska lawyers
Democratic Party Nebraska state senators
Politicians from Omaha, Nebraska
Creighton University School of Law alumni
Regis University alumni
United States Army soldiers
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Joseph%20Cavanaugh%20III
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Harnoncourt-Unverzagt is the name of an old Austrian noble family, which came to Austria from the Duchy of Lorraine, but originated from Luxembourg.
History
Counts d'Harnoncourt intermarried with Unverzagt family in the 18th century when Joseph Ludwig Matthias de la Fontaine, Count of Harnoncourt (1736–1816) married Countess Maria Leopoldine Unverzagt (1754–1835), who was the last of her line. Their son Count Herbert Ludwig de la Fontaigne, Count of Harnoncourt (1789–1846), took over her coat of arms in 1839 and called himself Graf von Harnoncourt-Unverzagt. All members of the family have descended from him and his wife, Countess Sophie von Haugwitz (1798–1859).
Notable members
Alice d'Harnoncourt (1930–2022), Austrian violinist, wife of Nikolaus
Anne d'Harnoncourt (1943–2008), American museum director, historian of modern art and daughter of Rene
Franz d'Harnoncourt (born 1937), Austrian physician and academic teacher, brother of Nikolaus
Karl d'Harnoncourt (born 1934), Austrian jurist, brother of Nikolaus
Ladislaja d'Harnoncourt (1899–1997), mother of Nikolaus, Philipp, Franz and Karl
Nikolaus d'Harnoncourt (1929–2016), Austrian conductor, son of Ladislaja
Philipp d'Harnoncourt (1931–2020), Austrian theologian, brother of Nikolaus
Rene d'Harnoncourt (1901–1968), Austrian-American museum director
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harnoncourt
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John Minsheu (or Minshew) (1560–1627) was an English linguist and lexicographer.
Biography
He was born and died in London. Little is known about his life. He published some of the earliest dictionaries and grammars of the Spanish language for speakers of English. His major work was the Ductor in linguas (Guide into tongues), an eleven-language dictionary. With his Ductor in linguas he is also one of the first known inventors of the use of subscription as a method of funding publication of a book.
He also expanded Richard Percivale's Spanish dictionary.
Works
Joyful Newes out of the Newe Founde Worlde (1577)
Spanish Grammar (1599)
Dictionarie in Spanish and English (1599 & 1623), an augmented version of Bibliotheca Hispanica (1591) by Richard Percyvall (1993 reprint: )
Ductor in linguas (The Guide into Tongues) (1617)
including Vocabularium Hispanicolatinum et Anglicum copiossissimum (A Most Copious Spanish Dictionarie with Latine and English)
Pleasant and Delightfull Dialogues in Spanish and English (1623)
References
Sources
Jürgen Schäfer, John Minsheu: Scholar or Charlatan?, in Renaissance Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 1 (Spring, 1973), pp. 23–35.
GIGA Quotes
Some Notes on the Life and Work of John Minsheu (1560–1627)*, Vivian Salmon, London (PDF)
External links
Online version of Minsheu's Spanish-English dictionary at King's College, London
Example of a page from 1617 ed. of Ductor in Linguas
1560 births
1627 deaths
Writers from London
English lexicographers
16th-century English writers
Linguists from England
British Hispanists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Minsheu
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Rheda-Wiedenbrück (; Westphalian: Raie-Wienbrügge) is a city in the district of Gütersloh, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
The twin community lies within the valley of the river Ems in the Westphalian Lowland south of the Teutoburg Forest, which is about 30 km away. The formerly independent towns of Rheda and Wiedenbrück are separated by the Federal Highway 2 which does not, however, form the historic border between the two districts. The Ems river runs through the city. The nearest major cities are Gütersloh (about 11 km), Bielefeld and Paderborn around 35 km away, and Hamm about 55 km away.
The river enters from the southeast into an urban area. Close to the public pool in Wiedenbrück, an artificial side arm branches off to the north of the river Ems. The Ems and the artificial branch are flowing around the old historic Wiedenbrück city centre and come together again behind the Ems lake at the height of the Wiedenbrück High School. The river then flows through the grounds of the State Garden Show 1988, connects the Wiedenbrücker center with the center of Rheda and leaves the urban area in the northernmost tip. Several small tributaries of the Ems are located in the municipality. Other notable waters are the Buxelssee northeast of the motorway, the Bänischsee northeast of Rheda and Lintel lake east of Wiedenbrück. One characteristic of the two combined cities is a green strip several kilometers long along the Ems, starting at Emssee in downtown Wiedenbrück and ending near the water castle in Rheda. The overall flat terrain falls from south to north. Outside the settlement areas, the city is dominated by agriculture and the city has comparatively large forest areas surrounding the city.
Expanse and utilisation of city area
The city, which is classified as a small center city municipality has an area of 86.68 km². The majority consists of agricultural and forest area, a combined 72%. The greatest distance from north to south is 12.6 km, from east to west about 14 km.
The length of the city border is 50,2 km, the highest elevation at 105m and the lowest point at 66m above mean sea level.
Neighbouring municipalities
Oelde
Herzebrock-Clarholz
Gütersloh
Rietberg
Langenberg
Division and organisation
Rheda-Wiedenbrück is divided according to § 3 of the main articles of association in the city itself and the three villages Batenhorst, Lintel and St. Vit. Before 1 October 2004 the neighbourhood Nordrheda-Ems also was classified as a village, but was then merged with Rheda. The following table shows the numbers of inhabitants and areas of the towns and city areas as of 1 January 2013.
History
It is suspected that in 785 a first small church was built in Wiedenbrück. Excavations show the emergence of a transept basilica built after 900. The dendrochronological analysis of two tree coffins found north of the Saint Aegidius church resulted in a dating to the years 907/923 and 926/42. Rheda was documented at the latest in 1088 and earliest in 1085. Since its first mentioning in 1170 until 1807/1815, the castle or the later Rheda Castle was the center of the Rheda ruling region.
Wiedenbrück was the seat of the Office Reckenberg and thus an exclave of the Bishopric of Osnabrück.
Emperor Otto granted the rights of market, coin and customs law for Wiedenbrück to the bishop of Osnabrück in the year 952. Several certificates issued by Otto III (HRE) in Wiedenbrück in 985 are known. It is therefore assumed that a royal court existed in Wiedenbrück at that time.
In 1225 bishop Engelbert of Osnabrück took over the ancient legal court responsibility for Wiedenbrück and other cities. This is one of the starting points of the development of the Bishopric of Osnabrück to a territorial state of the Bishop of Osnabrück. The oldest surviving coins from Wiedenbrück are dated 1230. In 1231 Wiedenbrück was proclaimed civitas. Aldermen were elected to the Court and a seal was announced. In 1249 the new town was founded and a year later castle Reckenberg was mentioned for the first time.
Around 1462 a first constitution was drafted, based on the constitution of Osnabrück. In 1543 Wiedenbrück was reformed by Hermann Bonnus, a representative of the Bishop Franz of Waldeck. By 1565 Wiedenbrück was predominantly Lutheran. In the same year the boundaries between the Office Reckenberg to which Wiedenbrück counted, and the adjacent Rheda were established in the so-called Bielefeld recess, as two independent sovereign areas were first recognized.
After first steps for a Counter-Reformation were taken in 1624/1625, Wiedenbrück was occupied in 1626 during the Thirty Years' War by the Danes . When the Bishop Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg assumed office in 1628, he continued the Counter-Reformation.
In 1637 Wiedenbrück established one of the oldest high schools in the region, the Gymnasium Marianum, a Latin School and forerunner of the current Ratsgymnasium high school in Wiedenbrück. The Franciscan monastery was founded in 1644 by Bishop Franz Wilhelm. Three years later, in July 1647 Wiedenbrück was taken by the Swedes, but cleared after dismantling of the fortress within two months. When in 1648 in Münster and Osnabrück the Peace of Westphalia was negotiated, this did require the alternation of a Catholic and a Lutheran bishop in the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg for the Bishopric of Osnabrück.
In 1664, prompted by Ernst August I., the refortification of the city began. In 1716 the last urban copper coins were minted. In 1726, a new office building was constructed on the Reckenberg.
As a result of the conversion of bishopric Osnabrück into a principality, Wiedenbrück was attached to the house of Hanover in 1802. In 1807 the city became part of the Kingdom of Westphalia. The chapter of fellows of collegiate was disbanded in 1810, and the Office Reckenberg with Wiedenbrück were ceded to Prussia at the Congress of Vienna in 1816 and assigned to the new province of Westphalia. Wiedenbrück thus separated from the Diocese of Osnabrück, the Catholic communities of the former Office Reckenberg came to the Archdiocese of Paderborn.
In the early morning hours of 10 November 1938 members of the SA, who had previously gathered in the adjacent restaurant Neuhaus, set the Rheda synagogue on fire. The remains were demolished and the property subsequently sold. In
1938 the federal highway A2 was opened to traffic. The highway was not, as is sometimes falsely claimed built almost exactly on the border between Rheda Wiedenbrück, but crosses it several times in different city areas.
In 1940, Field Marshal Hermann Goering ordered the confiscation of all bronze church bells, which were to be used for arms manufacturing. From 1816 until the local government reform in 1970, the city was the seat of the district named after the city of Wiedenbrück.
Religions
Of the 47,723 inhabitants (as of 1 January 2013), a total of 23,428 or about 49.1% are of Roman Catholic faith. Rheda-Wiedenbrück belongs to the Archdiocese of Paderborn. 10,274 inhabitants, or about 21.6% are Protestant faith. These believers are part of the church district of Gütersloh in the Evangelical Church of Westphalia. The remaining 10,802 inhabitants or 23.6%, have a different creed or religious affiliation. Because the district of Gütersloh is a stronghold of the Assyrian people living in Germany, the city has a relatively high share of members of the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Population history
The following overview shows the numbers of inhabitants of the city Rheda-Wiedenbrück and for 1939, 1950 and 1961 the number of inhabitants of the present-day city area. The figures up to 1970 and for 1987 are census results and from 1975 based on official updates by the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. The figures from 1975 to 1985 are estimated values, the figures from 1990 extrapolations based on the results of the census of 1987. The data refer to the resident population and from 1985 to the population with the main place of residence in the city.
Economy
The Tönnies Holding has its headquarters in Rheda-Wiedenbrück and operates the largest pork plant in Germany there.
Twin towns – sister cities
Rheda-Wiedenbrück is twinned with:
Adjengré, Togo
Aouda, Togo
Oldenzaal, Netherlands
Palamós, Spain
Notable people
Martin Harlinghausen (1902–1986), general
Liz Mohn (born 1941), businesswoman and philanthropist
Tim Krohn (born 1965), Swiss writer
Hanne Wolharn (born 1968), actress
Ingo Pohlmann (born 1972), pop musician
Nicole Kortlüke (born 1974), film editor
Tobias Böckers (born 1964), anatomist and neuroscientist
Markus Siegenhort, metal musician
Associated with the town
Luise Hensel (1798–1876), poet, lived for more than 20 years in Wiedenbrück
Bernhard Hoetger (1874–1949), artist, lived in Wiedenbrück for a short time
Luigi Colani (1928–2019), designer, lived temporarily in Rheda
Judith Lefeber (born 1981), singer, grew up in Rheda-Wiedenbrück
References
External links
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheda-Wiedenbr%C3%BCck
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Belle Haven Consultants was a for-profit organization founded in 1997 by former Heritage Foundation president Edwin Feulner and Heritage Foundation Asia policy expert Ken Sheffer. Feulner's wife, Linda Feulner, later took her husband's place as a partner until 2001, when she became a paid senior adviser in the firm.
History
Belle Haven, The Heritage Foundation, and the Alexander Strategy Group (ASG) shared the same office in Hong Kong, located in Suite 401 of the Baskerville House office building in Central Hong Kong. Belle Haven was a subcontractor, then was purchased by ASG partner Edward Stewart, co-owner of the firm along with long-time associate Beth Allison Cave. In 2006, ASG closed as a result of the Jack Abramoff lobbying scandals.
By the end of 2001, Belle Haven hired ASG for help "promoting and advocating Malaysia's positive investment climate and business opportunities" in connection with a company called PK Baru Energy. A new group called the US-Malaysia Exchange Association also hired ASG for support "enhancing the bilateral relationship between Malaysia and the US." Megat Junid, an associate of then-prime minister Mahathir Mohammed, said in a 2004 interview that he organized Malaysia Exchange after talks with Edwin Feulner.
In 2001, House majority leader Tom DeLay and three other congressmen traveled to Malaysia with their spouses on a trip officially sponsored by Heritage. Heritage senior fellow and former U.S. Senator Malcolm Wallop, who went on the trip, told Time magazine that Belle Haven's financial involvement was more important to the trip than Heritage's. In the following months, more congressmen made their way to Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia and senior Malaysian officials began beating a path to Washington, D.C., an interchange that climaxed with Mahathir visiting the White House in May 2002, which was his first state visit in eight years. Though in past years Heritage had been publicly critical of Mahathir, Feulner hosted a dinner reception on that visit to honor the prime minister.
According to U.S. Senate records, Belle Haven paid ASG at least $620,000 between September 2001 and January 2006. Belle Haven also hired three other Washington, D.C.-based lobbying firms, including the Western Strategy Group, run by Wallop, and the Harbour Group, around the same time, to support its Malaysian campaign, paying them a total of $780,000.
External links
Companies established in 1997
Conservative organizations in the United States
The Heritage Foundation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belle%20Haven%20Consultants
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