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John Bennett Nichols III (September 28, 1931 – June 17, 2004) was a United States Navy aviator and author.
Biography
Raised in Hialeah, Florida, Nichols enlisted in the United States Army and served as a combat medic during the Korean War. After attending college he was accepted for NavCad training and commissioned in 1957. Originally he flew the North American FJ-4 Fury but shortly thereafter made the transition to the more advanced Vought F-8 Crusader, the last U.S. fighter designed with guns as its primary weapons system. This would be the aircraft that defined his professional career.
Nichols joined Fighter Squadron 62 (VF-62) and adopted the callsign "Pirate". During the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962, Nichols and pilots of VF-62 flew as escorts for classified RF-8 Crusader reconnaissance flights over Cuba to protect them from Cuban Air Force fighters. VF-62 was awarded the Navy Unit Commendation by President Kennedy. Nichols also became a landing signal officer as well as a flight and tactics instructor. In the latter capacity he was one of the founding members of the Naval Fighter Weapons School that evolved into "TOPGUN".
During the Vietnam War Nichols made three Gulf of Tonkin deployments between 1967 and 1973, flying from the aircraft carriers , and .
On his first combat deployment, assigned to VF-191, Nichols was wingman to LCDR Michael Estocin, who posthumously received the Medal of Honor for actions in April 1967. On the following deployment Nichols destroyed one of two North Vietnamese MiG-17s that were attacking an RF-8 Crusader reconnaissance plane. Nichols shoot down of the attacking Mig Fighter saved the life of the reconnaissance pilot and was the final aerial victory to be won with guns in Naval history. For Gallantry in action, Nichols was awarded the Silver Star Medal. He later commanded VF-24 during the closing days of the war in 1973. At the end of his naval career, he was one of only five pilots to log over 3,000 hours in the demanding Crusader. Nichols flew over 350 combat missions during the war.
Upon retirement in 1975, Nichols returned to Florida and wrote occasionally. The first of his two books was a combination memoir and analysis titled On Yankee Station (1987). Warriors, a novel about an air war in the Middle East, was released shortly before Operation Desert Storm in 1990. Both were written with his friend Barrett Tillman.
On Yankee Station was well received in military aviation circles, and was added to the Air Force and Marine Corps professional reading lists.
Nichols returned to Florida and settled in Melbourne with his wife Jacqueline. There he died of cancer at age 72, survived his three children from a previous marriage, his wife, and two step daughters. Nichols is also survived by two brothers and two sisters
References
Further reading
On Yankee Station by John B. Nichols (with Barrett Tillman), Naval Institute Press, 1987,
Warriors by John B. Nichols (with Barrett Tillman), Bantam Books, 1990,
Fast Movers by John Darrell Sherwood, St. Martin's Press, 2001,
1931 births
2004 deaths
United States Naval Aviators
United States Navy personnel of the Vietnam War
Deaths from cancer in Florida
20th-century American male writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20B.%20Nichols
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Matthew 27 is the 27th chapter in the Gospel of Matthew, part of the New Testament in the Christian Bible. This chapter contains Matthew's record of the day of the trial, crucifixion and burial of Jesus. Scottish theologian William Robertson Nicoll notes that "the record of this single day is very nearly one-ninth of the whole book".
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 66 verses.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
Papyrus 104 (~AD 250; extant verses 34–37, 43, 45)
Codex Vaticanus (325-350)
Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
Codex Bezae (c. 400; extant verses 1, 13–66)
Codex Washingtonianus (c. 400)
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (c. 450; extant verses 1–10, 47–66)
Papyrus 105 (5th/6th century; extant verses 62–64)
Codex Purpureus Rossanensis (6th century)
Codex Petropolitanus Purpureus (6th century; extant verses 27–33)
Old Testament references
: Psalm : Alexander Kirkpatrick notes that "allusion seems to be made to this passage ... though it is not actually quoted".
: Psalm
: Psalm
: Psalm
: Psalm
: Psalm
New Testament parallels
Matthew 27:1-2, : ; ;
: ;
: ; ;
: ; ;
: ; ;
Structure
The New International Version (NIV) organises the material in this chapter as follows:
Judas Hangs Himself (verses 1–10)
Jesus Before Pilate (verses 11–26)
The Soldiers Mock Jesus (verses 26-31)
The Crucifixion of Jesus (verses 32–44)
The Death of Jesus (verses 45–56)
The Burial of Jesus (verses 57–61)
The Guard at the Tomb (verses 62–66).
Overview
During the morning after his arrest, the trial of Jesus before the Sanhedrin is concluded with plans to have Jesus executed (verse 1), and he is taken to Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor (procurator) of Judea. As Jesus was being led away, Judas Iscariot, who had betrayed Jesus, sees that his former teacher has been condemned, and is overcome by remorse: in the words of the King James Version, he "repented himself". The word translated as "repented" (, metamelētheis) is not the same as the word for repentance which John the Baptist and Jesus himself used in their ministry (, metanoeite); Arthur Carr, in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges notes that "it implies no change of heart or life, but merely remorse or regret".
Judas brings back the 30 pieces of silver which had been given to him by the priests of Judea as recompense for identifying his master to Caiaphas, throwing them down in the temple, and then leaves to commit suicide. Meanwhile, Jesus impresses Pilate, who is taken aback by Jesus' silent dignity at his questioning. Pilate begins to address the crowd, and knowing (or "shrewdly suspecting") that the chief priests had handed Jesus over because they were jealous of his popularity, asks the crowd to choose between freeing a notorious prisoner known as Barabbas, or Jesus. The crowd, persuaded by the chief priests and elders, respond passionately, repeating "Let Him (Christ) be crucified!" Pilate, bewildered by this, asks the crowd for a reason for their choice. Instead, they continue to call ever more loudly for the crucifixion of Jesus.
Pilate comes to see that he cannot reason with the crowd. His wife has had a disturbing dream and asks him to have "nothing to do with that just man". Instead, he tries to absolve himself of his responsibility in the case, washing his hands in a basin and saying to the crowd: "I am innocent of the blood of this just Person. You see to it". Then the Jews present at the trial take responsibility for the shedding of Jesus' blood. Pilate has Barabbas released, lets Jesus be flogged and sends him off to be crucified.
Jesus is led away to the Praetorium of the Governor's Residence, where Pilate's guard and the praetorian guard mock him, giving him a scarlet robe in place of his own clothes, a reed to hold as a sign of his "kingship" and a crown made of twisted thorns. The soldiers then replace the robe with Jesus' own clothes and lead him to Golgotha (the "place of a skull"); in Luke's Gospel this journey is recorded with "several particulars of what happened on the way to Golgotha, omitted in the other Gospels: the great company of people and of women who followed Him; the touching address of Jesus to the women; the last warning of the coming sorrows; the leading of two malefactors with Him". A man named Simon, from Cyrene, is compelled to carry Jesus' cross. At Golgotha he is offered wine mingled with gall, but does not drink it. The soldiers cast lots for his garments once he is crucified. Those who passed him deride him, taunting him to come down from the cross, saying "He trusts in God, let God deliver him now".
At three o'clock Jesus cries "My God, why have you forsaken me?", and starts to give up on his life. One passer-by offers Jesus some wine to drink but the group tell him "Wait, let us see if Elijah comes to save him". They misunderstand Jesus' pleas, as he is in tremendous physical pain. Jesus cries out once more, but eventually dies.
Suddenly, "the crucifixion scene transforms into an explosion of triumph": the veil of the Temple sanctuary is torn in two, rocks start to split, and an earthquake occurs (verse 51), and there follows, after Jesus' resurrection, a resurrection of the dead saints, who enter the holy city. This indicates how the earth has been shaken by the death of the Son of God. Centurions stare on at Jesus in disbelief, as do other bystanders.
On the night following Jesus' death, Joseph of Arimathea, a disciple of Jesus, asks for the body of Jesus. Pilate permits this, and Joseph, wrapping the body in a linen cloth, buries the body and rolls a stone against the entrance of the tomb, sealing it from looters and gravediggers.
Meanwhile, the priests and pharisees remember Jesus' remark that "After three days I will rise". The chapter concludes with Pilate authorising a detachment of troops to guard the tomb, in case the disciples come to remove the body.
Analysis
Matthew's crucifixion story has many parallels with Mark's crucifixion story. However, Matthew follows a theme recurring throughout his gospel by providing deeper descriptions than Mark. Matthew's crucifixion scene runs for only sixteen verses from to , the same number of verses as in the Gospel of Mark, but one more than the Gospel of Luke, and three more than the Gospel of John. It is postulated that all writers wished to simply recall the facts surrounding Jesus' death, rather than engage in theological reflection.
, , , all share a succinct summary of the crucifixion, in that they all say, "They crucified Him". Mark and John give an account of the time of Jesus' death ("The third hour" in , and the "sixth hour" in ), whereas Luke, and Matthew himself do not.
There are differences between the Gospels as to what the last words of Jesus were. Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 declare that Jesus' last words were: "Why have you forsaken me"?, whereas his words in are "Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit", and in John 19:30, "It is finished".
Further differences can be found in the Gospels as to whether Jesus carried his own cross or not. In the Gospels of Matthew, Luke and Mark, Jesus receives assistance from Simon of Cyrene, whereas in the Gospel of John, Jesus carries the cross by himself.
Parallelism
Dale Allison notes an obvious formal feature in Matthew 27:3-10, that is, a parallelism underlining the fulfillment between the scriptural quotation (cf. Zechariah 11:13) and the narrative:
Other resemblances between and Matthew 28:1-11 are also noted by Allison:
See also
Blood curse
Christ carrying the cross
Crown of thorns
Crucifixion of Jesus
Judas Iscariot
Pontius Pilate
Pilate's court
Stephaton
Related Bible parts: Judges 9, Psalm 22, Jeremiah 32, Zechariah 11, Mark 15, Luke 23, John 18, John 19
References
Sources
Further reading
Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew.
Contradictions in the Gospel accounts of Jesus' crucifixion .
External links
King James Bible - Wikisource
English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
Gospel of Matthew chapters
Crucifixion of Jesus
Pontius Pilate
Calvary
Barabbas
Descent from the Cross
Joseph of Arimathea
Burial of Jesus
Crown of thorns
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%2027
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Edmar John Mednis (; March 22, 1937 – February 13, 2002) was a Latvian-American chess player and writer of Latvian origin. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1980.
Biography
Mednis' family were refugees in 1944 during World War II. As displaced persons, Edmar and his two sisters, with parents Edvin and Marita Mednis, were permitted to emigrate to the United States in 1950. Mednis was trained as a chemical engineer, then worked as a stockbroker, but became best known as a chess author. He wrote 26 chess books, including Practical Rook Endings (1982) and Strategic Chess: Mastering the Closed Game (1993), and hundreds of chess articles. He and Robert Byrne annotated many games for Chess Informant.
Mednis finished second in the 1955 World Junior Championship behind Boris Spassky (the two drew their game). He was the first player to beat Bobby Fischer in a U.S. Championship. He played on the 1962 US team at the 15th Chess Olympiad and finished equal third in the 1961–62 U.S. Championship. Tournament results included third at Houston 1974, equal fourth at New York City 1980, and equal first at Puerto Rico 1984. The Puerto Rico Chess Federation, rather than the United States Chess Federation, formally proposed him for the Grandmaster title. He played in the 1979 Interzonal tournament in Riga, his birthplace and finished 15th equal.
Mednis died of complications from pneumonia on February 13, 2002.
Books
How to Beat Bobby Fischer (1974). New York Times. Revised edition (Dover, 1998). . An annotated collection of all of Bobby Fischer's lost games.
How Karpov Wins (1975).
Practical Endgame Lessons (1978). McKay. .
Practical Rook Endings (1982). Chess Enterprises. .
From the Opening into the Endgame (1983). Pergamon Press.
King Power In Chess (1986).
Questions and Answers on Practical Endgame Play (1987). .
Practical Bishop Endings (1990). Chess Enterprises. .
Strategic Themes in Endgames (1991).
Rate Your Endgame (1992). Co-author Colin Crouch. Cadogan. .
Strategic Chess: Mastering the Closed Game (1993). .
Advanced Endgame Strategies (1996). Chess Enterprises. .
Practical Endgame Tips (1998). Cadogan. .
The king in the Endgame (1997). Chess Enterprises. .
Notable games
Here is Mednis's victory over Fischer: Fischer–Mednis, U.S. Championship 1962 1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e5 c5 5.a3 Bxc3+ 6.bxc3 Qc7 7.Nf3 Bd7 8.a4 Ne7 9.Bd3 Nbc6 10.0-0 c4 11.Be2 f6 12.Ba3 0-0 13.Re1 Rf7 14.exf6 gxf6 15.Bf1 Re8 16.Nh4 Ng6 17.Qh5 Rg7 18.g3 Qa5 19.Bb2 Nd8 20.Re3 Nf7 21.Kh1 Nd6 22.Nxg6 hxg6 23.Qe2 Rh7 24.Kg1 Kf7 25.h4 f5 26.Qf3 Ne4 27.Qf4 Rc8 28.Bg2 Qc7 29.Qxc7 Rxc7 30.a5 Rc6 31.Ba3 Ra6 32.Bb4 Rh8 33.Ree1 Bc6 34.Bf3 Nd2 35.Be2 Ne4 36.Kg2 Nf6 37.Rh1 Be8 38.Kf3 Ne4 39.Ke3 Nf6 40.f3 Bd7 41.g4 Be8 42.Kf4 Bb5 43.h5 gxh5 44.Rag1 Be8 45.Ke3 b6 46.axb6 Rxb6 47.Ra1 Rb7 48.Bd6 Rh7 49.gxf5? (Mednis considered this the losing move, because it gave black a second passed pawn; he felt 49.g5 was better) exf5 50.Rh4 Ke6 51.Bh2 Rb2 52.Kd2 Rhb7 53.Kc1 R2b6 54.Bf1 Ng8 55.Bf4 a5 56.Rh2 a4 57.Bh3 Ne7 58.Bg5 Kf7 59.Re2 Re6 60.Rxe6 Kxe6 61.Kd1 Nc8 62.Kd2 Bd7 63.Bg2 Ra7 64.Re1+ Kd6 65.Bh6 a3 66.Bf8+ Kc6 67.Bc5 Ra8 68.Ra1 a2 69.Ke3 Nd6 70.Kf4 Nb5 71.Bb4 h4 72.Bh3 Nc7 73.Be7
Here is a crushing win by Mednis over future World Champion candidate Jan Timman: Mednis–Timman, Sombor 1974 1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4 Nf6 5.Nc3 d6 6.g4 Nc6 7.g5 Nd7 8.Be3 Nc5 9.Qd2 a6 10.0-0-0 Bd7 11.f4 b5 12.Bg2 b4 13.Nce2 Rb8 14.Kb1 Qc7 15.h4 a5 16.h5 a4 17.g6 b3 18.gxf7+ Kxf7 19.cxb3 axb3 20.a3 h6 21.Rhf1 Nxd4 22.Nxd4 Ke8 23.Qf2 Bc8 24.e5 Rb6 25.f5 Bb7 26.fxe6 dxe5 27.Qg3 Bxg2 28.Qg6+ Kd8 29.Nb5+ Rd6 30.Qxg2
References
External links
1937 births
2002 deaths
Chess grandmasters
Latvian chess players
American chess players
Latvian chess writers
American chess writers
American male non-fiction writers
Latvian World War II refugees
Sportspeople from Riga
Sportspeople from Queens, New York
Deaths from pneumonia in New York (state)
20th-century chess players
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Latvian emigrants to the United States
20th-century American male writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmar%20Mednis
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Delerium Records was a British independent record label, that specialised in psychedelic music and which existed from 1991 to 2003, and was notable in promoting the careers of bands including Porcupine Tree, Ozric Tentacles, Kava Kava, Mandragora, Sons of Selina and Moom and for starting the Freak Emporium and Molten Records.
Foundation
Founded in 1991 by Richard Allen and Ivor Trueman in Chalfont St Peter in Buckinghamshire, England, Delerium Records was originally set up to provide the free 7" records that were given away with the Freakbeat fanzine before it evolved into a label to promote new psychedelic music. The development of the label had been encouraged by Greg Shaw who Allen had come to know through the international independent record scene and a mutual interest in psychedelic culture. Allen had previously written a music column for UK Counter-culture magazine Encyclopaedia Psychedelica, briefly managed Irish American rock band The Steppes and, in 1987, had joined up with Trueman to help co-edit Freakbeat, a 3D garage and psychedelia fanzine that Trueman had founded in 1985. Trueman had previously founded the Pink Floyd fan magazine, The Amazing Pudding.
Delerium became known due to the success of British progressive rock band Porcupine Tree - whom Allen discovered and then managed up until 2004 - but Delerium also released numerous recordings by many other artists, including Ozric Tentacles, Kava Kava, Mandragora, Sons of Selina, Moom, Sadaar Bazaar, and Omnia Opera. The double CD label sampler, Pick and Mix, was one of the first budget CD samplers and sold over 15,000 copies. Other compilations included the non psychedelic CD No Compromize released in aid of the Campaign for Free Education featuring artists including Dreadzone, Zion Train, Kava Kava, Utah Saints, Eat Static, Suede, Chumbawamba and The Wedding Present.
Trueman left the music industry in 2000 and Allen carried on managing Porcupine Tree and running the Delerium label. By 2002 Delerium had become inactive as the market for new psychedelic and progressive rock bands faded, but a couple of releases were re-issued including Psychomuzak's album The Extasie (2004) - which was produced by Porcupine Tree's Steven Wilson - and Porcupine Tree's Moonloop, which was previously a fan club only album that was reissued in limited quantities on both CD and vinyl.
Later labels
Allen started Molten Records in 2002 which signed up bands with a heavy psychedelic rock sound including Danish band On Trial, and UK power trio Josiah - who Allen not only christened but also managed - and related project The Beginning. Alongside Molten Allen ran a reissue label called Lightning Tree which rediscovered 1960s and 1970s recordings by Marianne Segal, Jade, Edwards Hand, The Picadilly Line and Stallion. The Lightning Tree labeul's most popular release was a collection of the original 78 rpm recordings that were covered by and inspired the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band. The album Songs The Bonzos Taught Us was put together over a three-year period during which Allen tracked down all the original 78s that had influenced the band, as well as researching and notating the CD with the help of "Legs" Larry Smith of The Bonzo Dog Band. The album was referenced by Neil Innes in the sleeve notes to the 2007 EMI reissues of the Bonzo Dog Band's catalogue.
The Freak Emporium
Allen and Trueman also ran The Freak Emporium, which had grown out of Freakbeat fanzine as a source of hard to find new psychedelic music. Starting out as a photocopied insert in the fanzine it went on to become one of the earliest UK music mail order operations on the internet. The success of The Freak Emporium funded the development of Delerium Records, particularly the early tours and recordings of Porcupine Tree, and by the late 1990s The Freak Emporium website and printed mail order catalogue were not just a platform for Delerium Records direct mail order, but were primarily an outlet for 30,000 specialist and hard to find items. The website featured a search engine covering over 120 genres of music as specialist as "Apocalyptic", "Experimental/Outsider Music" and "Sludge", along with many others that broke down pop and rock music from all over the world into genres named by decade and geographical location, as well as style. The Freak Emporium was reviewed and featured on BBC Radio 6 (The Freakzone), and in magazines and newspapers including The Guardian, Bizarre and Record Collector.
The Freak Emporium ceased trading in late November 2007, citing the problem of VAT free imports from the Channel Islands as the principal reason. Although no longer trading, the site remains online today as an archive and information resource for collectable and underground music. After giving evidence to the All Parliamentary Shops Committee in 2005, Allen became a pioneering tax campaigner in the era prior to the formation of UK Uncut and campaigned against retailers that were using an EU import VAT relief to obtain what he argued was a damaging and unfair advantage. He claimed that The Channel Island VAT free import fulfilment industry was devastating UK music retail and other UK retail sectors. In 2010, along with a number of retailers from various industries, Allen formed Retailers Against VAT Avoidance Schemes (RAVAS) and created a website. RAVAS successfully campaigned for the ending of the Channel Islands LVCR industry and after a landmark court hearing which took place on 13–15 March 2012 in London LVCR was no longer applicable to Channel Island mail order goods destined for the UK. The Judgement is now regarded as an important precedent clarifying the application of discretionary powers by EU member states.
Allen continues to run a campaign to end remaining LVCR abuse and, in 2013, was named one of the top 50 influential people in tax in 2012 by International tax review.
In 2006, Allen sold the Porcupine Tree catalogue to Snapper Music, and in 2010 the remainder of the Delerium and Molten catalogues were acquired by Cherry Red. Assisted by Allen a reissue programme was commenced in March 2011, with the release of a three CD boxed set retrospective entitled Last Daze of The Underground (ECLEC32245) featuring, for the first time, the full history of the Delerium label and packaging by renowned reissue designer Phil Smee. Re-releases of albums by Omnia Opera and The Aardvarks have followed since.
See also
List of record labels
References
External links
Official site
British record labels
Record labels established in 1991
Psychedelic rock record labels
1991 establishments in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delerium%20Records
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James Leonard Hamilton (born August 4, 1948) is an American basketball coach and the current men's basketball head coach at Florida State University. He is a former head coach at Oklahoma State University, the University of Miami, and for the National Basketball Association's Washington Wizards. In his 33 years as a collegiate head coach, his teams have qualified for 12 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournaments and 11 National Invitation Tournaments, highlighted by appearances in the NCAA Tournament's Elite Eight (2018) and Sweet 16 (2011, 2019, 2021) with Florida State, as well as a Sweet 16 appearance with Miami (2000). Other career benchmarks include the Big East Conference regular season championship in 2000, the ACC tournament title in 2012 and the ACC regular season championship in 2020. While with the Wizards in 2000–01, they posted a 19–63 record.
Biography
Hamilton played college basketball at the University of Tennessee at Martin. Hamilton is a member of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. His brother, Ray Jones, coaches a minor-league team.
Hamilton was an assistant coach and associate head coach at the University of Kentucky from 1974 to 1986 under then-head coach Joe B. Hall. Hamilton was on the staff at Kentucky when it finished as the NCAA runner-up in 1975, won the 1978 NCAA Championship and went to the 1984 Final Four. He was a successful recruiter for Kentucky basketball, with players including Jack Givens, James Lee, Sam Bowie, and Melvin Turpin
Hamilton was named ACC Coach of the Year on March 10, 2009, a second time in 2012, and again in 2020. Hamilton is the first coach to be named coach of the year in both the Big East and the ACC. In 2018, he was named the Clarence "Big House" Gaines National Coach of the Year by the National Sports Media Association.
Head-coaching record
College
NBA
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|82||19||63|||| 7th in Atlantic ||—||—||—||—|| align="center"| Missed Playoffs
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Personal life
Hamilton is married to Claudette Hamilton. They have two children.
References
External links
Florida State profile
Basketball-Reference.com: Leonard Hamilton
1948 births
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Austin Peay Governors men's basketball coaches
Basketball coaches from North Carolina
Basketball players from North Carolina
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Florida State Seminoles men's basketball coaches
Junior college men's basketball players in the United States
Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball coaches
Miami Hurricanes men's basketball coaches
Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball coaches
Sportspeople from Gastonia, North Carolina
UT Martin Skyhawks men's basketball players
Washington Wizards head coaches
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Hamilton
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Moondance Jam is an annual rock and classic rock festival held in mid-July in the Leech Lake/Chippewa National Forest Area near Walker, Minnesota. It is recognized as Minnesota's largest rock festival and a major classic rock festival in the United States. The Jam has gone from being a party for a few hundred family and friends back in 1992 to a rock 'n' roll and camping celebration that entertains tens of thousands today mainly because it has maintained a clean, safe and friendly atmosphere along with open festival seating for general admission ticket holders.
History
Early beginnings
The Moondance Jam was started by Bill and Kathy Bieloh in 1992, when they sought a way to promote the riding stables that they owned. The first jam was a modest start featuring mostly regional acts, as well as The Blenders, spread out over two days. In 1993, the jam expanded and featured Head East and Badfinger, beginning a tradition of more established and popular classic rock acts. For the third jam in 1994, popular country artists were brought in, and it became the most country music styled jam to date with bands like Pirates of the Mississippi and Johnny Paycheck.
The mid-1990s
The mid-1990s established Moondance Jam as the highly popular annual classic rock festival that it is today. 1995's jam featured the most popular classic rock acts yet, including Kansas, The Guess Who, Survivor and Starship featuring Mickey Thomas. The following year, the tradition continued with Starship featuring Mickey Thomas once again, along with Three Dog Night, Randy Bachman of Bachman–Turner Overdrive, .38 Special and the Edgar Winter Group. In 1997, the festival was lengthened to three days, and a record 35,000 people attended the jam. REO Speedwagon, America, Grand Funk Railroad and Loverboy entertained the record crowds.
The late 1990s
Moondance Jam became Minnesota's largest rock festival after 1998's jam when a crowd of 50,000 showed up to hear the music of a record number of national classic rock acts including Steve Miller, Foreigner, Yes and April Wine. After the jam of '98, the facilities were upgraded since traffic became backed up over leading up to the site. Many attendees pulled to the side of the road and walked five miles (8 km) to get to the grounds. In 1999, the jam continued to grow, although two inches of rain on the opening day created large amounts of mud that made a mess of the facility. Still, bands including Lynyrd Skynyrd, Blue Öyster Cult, Joan Jett and Electric Light Orchestra took the stage.
Turn of the millennium
2000's jam featured a more organized facility with an expanded parking lot, more camping space, and shuttles to and from each area of the grounds. Peter Frampton, The Beach Boys, Joe Walsh, Styx and The Doobie Brothers were among the largest spectrum of national classic rock acts yet. The Moondance Jam celebrated its 10th anniversary in 2001 with good weather and bands like Ted Nugent, Pat Benatar, Molly Hatchet, Night Ranger and George Thorogood, along with a very large selection of regional bands. 2002 continued the tradition with improved sound and lighting effects and bands such as Journey, Styx, Blondie, Scorpions and Loverboy. Four nights of the nation's top national classic rock bands in 2003 made the jam the largest classic rock festival in the United States. Alice Cooper, Sammy Hagar, Lou Gramm and Boston drew in a record crowd.
The Jam today
Since 2004, the Jam has been acclaimed as "the best classic rock festival in the nation", and as one of the best music festivals. The quantity and the popularity of the national classic rock bands increased almost every year afterward.
The Jam has also become a place for regional acts to find an audience on three smaller stages; one in the Moondance Jam Saloon, one outdoors in the Tiki Bar, and the acoustic stage in the Lazy Moon Bar & Grill. The Lazy Moon Bar & Grill was added to provide more entertainment and an opportunity for fans to get an up close view of the backstage area. The backstage viewing along with festival seating continues the Moondance tradition of giving general admission ticket holders more opportunities to get close to their favorite bands.
In 2010, Moondance Jam added a few modern and 90s rock bands to their festival lineup to mix in with the classic rockers. It turned out to be a huge success with huge crowds packing the festival grounds all three days. Blaze TV also joined the party to film 10 of shows in HD for DIRECTV. The programs aired as part of the DIRECTV Concert Series on The 101 Network from November 2010 through 2012. Moondance Jam has continued the mix modern and 90s rock bands with its 80s and classic rock lineup since then.
The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 caused officials to scrap the Jam and defer to 2021.
Facilities
Moondance Jam is Minnesota's largest rock festival and one of the premier classic rock festivals in the United States. The Jam is patrolled by many police agencies, as well as EMS crews in case of an emergency. The Jam features a rock and classic rock lineup, of camping and facilities, food and beverage stands, open festival seating up to the stage, along with available VIP seating and treatment. The friendly and safe atmosphere is considered one of reasons why the festival has gone from being a party for a few thousand in 1992 to an event that entertains tens of thousands from all over the world.
Promotion and production
In 2005, Moondance Jam was named the Premier Classic Rock Festival in the United States by the Classic Rock Revisited magazine and fanzine The event, along with its sister festival, Moondance Jammin Country Fest, was produced by TEA Productions of Minneapolis until 2011. In 2010, ten Moondance shows were filmed and produced by Blaze TV exclusively for DIRECTV to be shown on The 101 Network's concert series and rerun for two years. Reo Speedwagon also released the album "Live at Moondance Jam" from the Blaze TV footage. This was also the year that Moondance Jam began to feature more 90s and modern acts to go with its classic rock and 80s lineup of bands. Moondance's current production company is Neste Event Marketing of Nashville. They have been producing both festivals since the 2011–2012 season.
Past (and current) national bands at the Jam
JAM XXX - 2022
TBD
JAM 28 - 2019
Lynyrd Skynyrd, Train, Skillet (band), The Goo Goo Dolls, Gov't Mule, Rick Springfield, Survivor (band), Allen Stone, Molly Hatchet, Candlebox, Vixen (band), The Sweet, Cold Kingdom, ThundHerStruck, Mountain Ash
JAM 27 - 2018
Kid Rock, Tesla, Bret Michaels, Joan Jett & The Blackhearts, Kansas, Fuel, Ace Frehley, The Sweet, Jackyl, KIX, Lita Ford, Saliva, GB Leighton, Crow, Hairball, Def Leggend, Mountain Ash
JAM 26 - 2017
Steve Miller Band, Live, Halestorm, Peter Frampton, Melissa Etheridge, The Pretty Reckless, Better Than Ezra, Vince Neil of Mötley Crüe, Black Stone Cherry, Starship featuring Mickey Thomas, Jack Russell's Great White, Dorothy, Cowboy Mouth, Cold Kingdom, ThundHerStruck, The Fabulous Armadillos, Atomic Punks, Mountain Ash
JAM 25 - 2016
Godsmack, Boston, Chicago, Bush, Sixx A.M., Chevelle, Rick Springfield, Queensrÿche, Loverboy, Blues Traveler, Kix, Little River Band, Foghat, Firehouse, ThundHerStruck, Killer Queen, The Fabulous Armadillos & Collective Unconscious "Takin it to the Limit" Tribute to the Eagles, Mountain Ash
JAM 24 - 2015
Sammy Hagar with Michael Anthony, Shinedown, The Doobie Brothers, Huey Lewis and the News, Peter Frampton, Papa Roach, Black Stone Cherry, Jefferson Starship, Finger Eleven, Vixen, Honeymoon Suite, Black Star Riders, Pop Evil, Shinedown, Pat Travers, ThundHerStruck, Hairball, The Fabulous Armadillos, Alive: A Tribute To Pearl jam
JAM 23 - 2014
REO Speedwagon, Styx, Seether, Foreigner, Collective Soul, George Thorogood, Sublime with Rome, Don Felder, Alterbridge, Skillet, The Wallflowers, Sick Puppies, Slaughter, Autograph, Badfinger featuring Joey Molland
JAM 22 - 2013
Mötley Crüe, Slash, The Offspring, Cheap Trick, Bachman & Turner, Theory Of A Deadman, Buckcherry, Blue Öyster Cult, Halestorm, Shooting Star, Johnny Rivers, Head East, Cain, Sweet, Atomic Punks
JAM 21 - 2012
Kid Rock, John Fogerty, Heart, Hinder, Three Days Grace, Grand Funk Railroad, Skid Row, Don Felder, Night Ranger, April Wine, Cavo, Atomic Punks: The Tribute to Early Van Halen, Motley Inc: A Tribute to Mötley Crüe, Free Fallin: Tribute to Tom Petty, Them Pesky Kids, Hairball, Mountain Ash, The Bad Animals: A Tribute To Heart
JAM 20 - 2011
Three Doors Down, KISS, Stone Temple Pilots, 38 Special, Paul Rodgers, Joan Jett & The Blackhearts, Great White, Eddie Money, Candlebox, Outlaws, Fuel, Burton Cummings, Cracker, Belfast Cowboys: A Tribute To Van Morrison, ThundHerStruck: A Tribute To AC/DC, Hairball, Mountain Ash, Cain, The Bad Animals: A Tribute To Heart
JAM 19 - 2010
Lynyrd Skynyrd, Sammy Hagar and the Wabos, Buckcherry, REO Speedwagon, Pat Benatar, Jonny Lang, Collective Soul, Don Felder, The Smithereens, Hoobastank, Cinderella, Black Stone Cherry, Pat Travers, Blackberry Smoke, Tonic
JAM 18 (Rockin' 18) - 2009
Journey,
Yes,
Judas Priest,
Sheryl Crow,
Whitesnake,
Asia,
Kansas,
Grand Funk Railroad,
Lita Ford,
Foghat,
Spin Doctors,
Shooting Star,
Zed Leppelin,
ThundHerStruck,
Ozzmosis
JAM 17 (Sizzlin' 17) - 2008
Crosby, Stills & Nash,
Poison,
Sammy Hagar & The Wabos,
Styx,
George Thorogood & the Destroyers,
Creedence Clearwater Revisited,
Sweet,
Great White,
Toto
The Guess Who,
Boz Scaggs,
Sebastian Bach,
Kenny Wayne Shepherd,
Big Brother & The Holding Company,
Gear Daddies,
Otis Day and the Knights,
Led Zepagain
JAM 16 (Sweet 16) - 2007
Def Leppard,
The New Cars,
The Moody Blues,
Rick Springfield,
REO Speedwagon,
Tesla,
Toto,
Big Head Todd and the Monsters,
Loverboy,
The Fixx,
Kansas,
Rick Derringer,
Jackyl,
Soul Asylum,
Cheap Trick,
Scarlet Haze
JAM 15 (Dream 15) - 2006
Heart,
Poison,
Alice Cooper,
Steve Miller Band,
Doobie Brothers,
Ted Nugent,
The Bangles,
The Guess Who,
Dennis DeYoung,
Gregg Rolie Band,
Kenny Wayne Shepherd,
John Kay & Steppenwolf,
Starship featuring Mickey Thomas,
Outlaws,
Little River Band,
Y&T
JAM 14 (Fab 14) - 2005
Twisted Sister,
Whitesnake,
Cinderella,
Journey,
Tesla,
REO Speedwagon,
Cheap Trick,
Grand Funk Railroad,
Lynyrd Skynyrd,
38 Special,
Ratt,
FireHouse,
Blackfoot,
Wishbone Ash,
Loverboy,
Daisy Dillman Band,
Savoy Brown
JAM 13 (Lucky 13) - 2004
Huey Lewis and the News,
Rick Springfield,
John Waite,
The FIXX,
John Fogerty,
Pat Benatar & Neil Giraldo,
Santana's Gregg Rolie,
Edgar Winter,
The Allman Brothers Band,
Lynyrd Skynyrd,
Little Feat,
ZZ Top,
Chris Robinson & NEM
JAM 12 - 2003
Alice Cooper,
Sammy Hagar & the Waboritas,
Boston,
Joe Cocker,
George Thorogood & the Destroyers,
Rick Springfield,
Joan Jett,
Gypsy,
Lou Gramm,
War,
The Fabulous Thunderbirds,
Indigenous,
Mitch Ryder,
Head East,
Corey Stevens,
Rockin Dopsie Jr. & the Zydeco Twisters,
JAM 11 - 2002
Scorpions,
Deep Purple,
Dio,
Loverboy,
Journey,
Blondie,
Indigenous,
Gypsy,
Meat Loaf,
Styx,
Gin Blossoms,
Black Oak Arkansas,
.38 Special,
The Little River Band,
Paul Revere & the Raiders,
Gary Puckett
JAM 10 - 2001
Ted Nugent,
Pat Benatar,
Creedence Clearwater Revisited,
Night Ranger,
Dave Mason,
George Thorogood & the Delaware Destroyers,
REO Speedwagon,
Big Head Todd & the Monsters,
Molly Hatchet,
The Wallflowers,
Blues Traveler,
The Marshall Tucker Band,
Head East,
The Byrds Celebration,
The Little River Band
JAM 2000
Peter Frampton,
The Beach Boys,
Paul Rodgers,
The Knack,
The Yardbirds,
Joe Walsh,
George Thorogood & the Destroyers,
Kenny Wayne Shepherd Band,
NRBQ (New Rhythm & Blues Quartet),
Leslie West of Mountain,
The Doobie Brothers,
Creedence Clearwater Revisited,
Leon Russell,
Styx,
Eric Burdon & the New Animals,
Rockin Dopsie Jr. & the Zydeco Twisters
JAM VIII - 1999
Cheap Trick,
ELO Part II,
Joan Jett & the Blackhearts,
Blue Öyster Cult,
The Outfield,
Lynyrd Skynyrd,
Hank Williams Jr.,
Chris Duarte,
Lamont Cranston,
REO Speedwagon,
Eddie Money,
.38 Special,
John Cafferty & the Beaver Brown Band,
Starship featuring Mickey Thomas,
Mitch Ryder & the Detroit Wheels
JAM VII - 1998
Foreigner,
Eddie Money,
Steppenwolf,
April Wine,
Yes,
Alan Parsons' Live Project,
The John Entwistle Band,
Lamont Cranston,
Steve Miller,
Jonny Lang,
Foghat
JAM VI - 1997
REO Speedwagon,
Marshall Tucker Band,
Corey Stevens,
America,
Nazareth,
Loverboy,
The Turtles,
Felix Cavaliere
JAM V - 1996
.38 Special,
Randy Bachman,
Edgar Winter Group,
Starship featuring Mickey Thomas,
Mitch Ryder,
The Grass Roots,
Three Dog Night,
The Byrds Celebration
JAM IV - 1995
Kansas,
Survivor,
Starship featuring Mickey Thomas,
The Guess Who,
The Grass Roots
JAM III - 1994
Gary Puckett,
Mel McDaniel,
Pirates of the Mississippi,
Johnny Paycheck
JAM II - 1993
Ozark Mountain Daredevils,
Badfinger,
Head East,
Lamont Cranston
JAM '92 - 1992
The Blenders, Fantastic Convertibles, The Classics, Fever, Sparky and the Time Pirates
References
External links
Moondance Jam website
Music festivals established in 1992
Rock festivals in the United States
Annual events in Minnesota
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moondance%20Jam
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Amphibious fish are fish that are able to leave water for extended periods of time. About 11 distantly related genera of fish are considered amphibious. This suggests that many fish genera independently evolved amphibious traits, a process known as convergent evolution. These fish use a range of terrestrial locomotory modes, such as lateral undulation, tripod-like walking (using paired fins and tail), and jumping. Many of these locomotory modes incorporate multiple combinations of pectoral-, pelvic-, and tail-fin movement.
Many ancient fish had lung-like organs, and a few, such as the lungfish and bichir, still do. Some of these ancient "lunged" fish were the ancestors of tetrapods. In most recent fish species, though, these organs evolved into the swim bladders, which help control buoyancy. Having no lung-like organs, modern amphibious fish and many fish in oxygen-poor water use other methods, such as their gills or their skin to breathe air. Amphibious fish may also have eyes adapted to allow them to see clearly in air, despite the refractive index differences between air and water.
List of amphibious fish
Lung breathers
Lungfish (Dipnoi): Six species have limb-like fins, and can breathe air. Some are obligate air breathers, meaning they will drown if not given access to breathe air. All but one species bury in the mud when the body of water they live in dries up, surviving up to two years until water returns.
Bichir (Polypteridae): These 12 species are the only ray-finned fish to retain lungs. They are facultative air breathers, requiring access to surface air to breathe in poorly oxygenated water.
Various other "lunged" fish: now extinct, a few of this group were ancestors of the stem tetrapods that led to all tetrapods: Lissamphibia, sauropsids and mammals.
Gill or skin breathers
Rockskippers: These blennies are found on islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They come onto land to catch prey and escape aquatic predators, often for 20 minutes or more. Leaping blennies (Alticus arnoldorum) are able to jump over land using their tails. On Rarotonga, one species has evolved to become largely terrestrial.
Woolly sculpin (Clinocottus analis): Found in tide pools along the Pacific Coast, these sculpins leave water if the oxygen levels get low, and they can breathe air.
Mudskippers (Oxudercinae): This subfamily of gobies is probably the most land-adapted of fish. Mudskippers are found in mangrove swamps in Africa and the Indo-Pacific; they frequently come onto land, and can survive in air for up to 3-1/2 days. Mudskippers breathe through their skin and through the lining of the mouth (the mucosa) and throat (the pharynx). This requires the mudskipper to be wet, limiting them to humid habitats. This mode of breathing, similar to that employed by amphibians, is known as cutaneous breathing. They propel themselves over land on their sturdy fore fins. Some of them are also able to climb trees and skip atop the surface of the water.
Mangrove killifish (Mangrove rivulus): It can survive for about two months on land, where it breathes through its skin.
Eels: Some eels, such as the European eel and the American eel, can live for an extended time out of water and can also crawl on land if the soil is moist. The moray Echidna catenata sometimes leaves the water to forage.
Swamp eels, which are not true eels, can absorb oxygen through their highly vascularized mouths and pharynges, and in some cases (e.g., Monopterus rongsaw) through their skin.
Snakehead fish (Channidae): This family of fish consists of obligate air breathers, using their suprabranchial organs, which are a primitive labyrinth organ. The northern snakehead of Eastern Asia can "walk" on land by wriggling and using its pectoral fins, which allows it to move between the slow-moving, and often stagnant and temporary bodies of water in which it lives.
Airbreathing catfish (Clariidae): Amphibious species of this family may venture onto land in wet weather, such as the eel catfish (Channallabes apus), which lives in swamps in Africa, and is known to hunt beetles on land.
Labyrinth fish (Anabantoidei). This suborder of fish also use a labyrinth organ to breathe air. Some species from this group can move on land. Amphibious fish from this family are the climbing perches, African and Southeast Asian fish that are capable of moving from pool to pool over land by using their pectoral fins, caudal peduncle, and gill covers as a means of locomotion. Climbing gourami are said to move at night in groups.
Arapaima are obligate airbreathers that breathe air through a modified swim-bladder.
Knifefish: (Gymnotiformes) some species of Gymnotiformes, otherwise known as the knifefish, are obligate oxygen breathers that require resurfacing in order to survive, such as Electrophorus electricus and Gymnotus carapo, the latter of which uses an "esophageal force pump" to siphon air into its lungs for gas exchange.
See also
Walking fish
References
Ichthyology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibious%20fish
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SMCRA may refer to:
Service Members Civil Relief Act, a United States federal law
Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, a United States federal law
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMCRA
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Eli Attie is an Emmy-winning writer, producer, and former White House staff member. He served as Vice President Al Gore's chief White House and campaign speechwriter through Gore's concession of the 2000 presidential election, which Attie and Gore wrote together. Attie then became a longtime writer and producer on the drama series The West Wing, House, and most recently, Billions. He is also a writer and producer on Netflix's upcoming limited series Zero Day, which will star Robert De Niro, and a consulting producer on Netflix's political thriller The Diplomat.
Early life and education
Attie grew up in New York City. His mother is acclaimed feminist painter Dotty Attie, his father was commercial and fine art photographer David Attie, whose work he has helped to revive, and his brother is widely-published mathematician Oliver Attie. He is a graduate of Hunter College High School and Harvard College. While in college, he was an editor of The Harvard Crimson.
Career
Political work
Attie began his career in Democratic politics and government. He was chief White House and campaign speechwriter for Vice President Al Gore through the Florida recount in 2000. It was Attie who broke the news to Gore on election night – as he was about to deliver a concession speech Attie had written – that he was suddenly only 600 votes behind George W. Bush in Florida, and that the election might not be over.
Television
After working in the real White House and on the campaign trail, Attie became a writer on the NBC-TV series The West Wing for the last five of the show's seven seasons, ultimately serving as supervising producer. Series creator Aaron Sorkin has written that Attie "made a big impact immediately," reducing the show's need for part-time consultants. A number of the show's key storylines came from Attie's own experiences in politics. In addition, according to David Remnick's biography of Barack Obama, The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama, and other news sources, Attie used then-State Senator Obama as a model for the character of Matt Santos, a presidential candidate played by actor Jimmy Smits in the final two seasons of the show. Attie was nominated for Writers Guild and Humanitas awards for the episode "Election Day: Part 2", in which Santos wins the presidency. In 2020, Attie collaborated with Sorkin on new material for the show's HBO Max reunion special, A West Wing Special to Benefit When We All Vote.
Attie was a writer and co-executive producer on House for the last five of its eight seasons, and was nominated for a Humanitas award for the series finale, "Everybody Dies", which he co-wrote with series creator David Shore. He makes an uncredited appearance in the episode as well.
Attie's more recent television credits include several seasons as a writer and producer on Showtime's hit Wall Street drama Billions -- he makes a brief appearance as a presidential aide in its series finale -- as well as on Netflix's upcoming limited series Zero Day and on Netflix's political thriller The Diplomat.
Other work
In addition to his work in television, Attie's screenplay "Smile Relax Attack" was included on the Black List, an industry list of executives' most-liked scripts, and he has done numerous uncredited movie rewrites.
He has also been a guest on political consultant David Axelrod's podcast "The Axe Files", and on Aimee Mann and Ted Leo's podcast "The Art of Process". Attie was a frequent guest on "The West Wing Weekly", a podcast that ran episode-by-episode through the entire series of The West Wing.
Attie has worked as a rock critic for The Washington Post, Slate, and other publications.
Attie is on the board of Let America Vote, a non-profit founded by Jason Kander that fights voter suppression.
Awards
Attie is a seven-time Emmy nominee and a three-time WGA award nominee; he won an Emmy Award for "The West Wing Documentary Special" and a Peabody Award for co-writing the September 11th special America: A Tribute to Heroes. He won ASCAP's Deems-Taylor award for pop music writing.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American speechwriters
Hunter College High School alumni
American male television writers
American television writers
Harvard College alumni
The Harvard Crimson people
Primetime Emmy Award winners
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%20Attie
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Snapper Music is an independent record label founded in 1996 by former head of Castle Communications Jon Beecher, Dougie Dudgeon and funded by Mark Levinson from Palan Music Publishing. In 1999, Snapper broke away from its Palan parent company in an MBO in association with ACT and CAI venture capitalists. In 2004, Snapper Music was bought out by music publisher and former agent and manager Bryan Morrison (deceased) and in 2005 Jon Beecher (MD) and Dougie Dudgeon (A&R) left the company and were replaced by Frederick Jude, a former employee of Palan Music Publishing and a Snapper director.
Included amongst the many artists the label has issued albums by are Anathema, Peter Andre, Cradle of Filth, No-Man, Ozric Tentacles, Pink Floyd, Porcupine Tree, Kenny Rogers, the Stooges, and W.A.S.P.
As well as having its own imprint, Snapper Music owns or distributes several labels which deal in a variety of genres of music: Peaceville (metal), Kscope (post-progressive), Madfish (Classic and progressive rock), and Charly (R&B, jazz, progressive rock and blues).
See also
List of record labels
References
External links
British independent record labels
Record labels established in 1996
IFPI members
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapper%20Music
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Asociación Deportiva Chalatenango is a Salvadoran professional football club based in Chalatenango, El Salvador, they are currently playing in the top-tier Primera División de Fútbol de El Salvador.
The club was founded in 1950 as C.D. Alacranes, and reformed in 1975, as C.D. Chalatenango.
In 1975, the club relocated to their current stadium, the Estadio José Gregorio Martínez stadium.
They initially competed in the regional and national competition before eventually joining the full Salvadoran Second Division in 1960s, and subsequently enjoyed promotion to the top flight for the 1979 season.
Since its formation in 1950, the club has won three Segunda División Salvadoreño titles (1979, 1990, 2003) and one Tercera División Salvadoreño (2013 Clausura).
Its emblem and mascot is a scorpion.
History
Early history
In 1977 Gregorio Martínez, started a club naming them Alacranes and purchased the spot of Independiente de San Vicente in the Liga de Ascenso for five Colon. They eventually changed their name to Club Deportivo Chalatenango.
Club Deportivo Chalatenango success and insolvency (1979–2009)
In 1979, the club was promoted to the First Division for the first time in its history. The club finished the 1979–80 season in 7th place, accumulating 18 points from 8 wins, 2 draws, and 12 losses. Chalatenango finished in last place during the 1983 season but was not relegated. It remained in the first division until being relegated to the Second Division following its last place finish during the 1989–90 season. During the club's first 11 seasons it was in the First Division, it never qualified for the postseason tournament.
They stayed in the Segunda División battling promotion for 13 years until they won promotion in 2003, but a year later they were relegated again.
However they were able to quickly return to the Primera División de Fútbol Professional by purchasing the spot of Coca-Cola for $250,000.
In the 2008 Apertura, Chalatenango reached the final for the first time in the club's history under the direction of Carlos Antonio Meléndez. After a 3–3 draw in normal time, they lost 4–3 on penalties, which allowed Isidro Metapán to become champions for the second time.
The team qualified for the 2009–10 CONCACAF Champions league knockout phase based on their record in apertura and clausura. On 26 June 2009, due to financial trouble, sold their spot in the Primera División de Fútbol Profesional to Municipal Limeño. Because the club failed to fill out the necessary paperwork to compete in the Second Division before the 23 July 2009 deadline, CD Chalatenango did not compete during the 2009–10 season.
At the time, the club owed its former players $17,000 in unpaid salaries, and it owed CONCACAF $7,500 for pulling out of the CONCACAF Champions League.
Merger years (2009–2013)
At the end of 2009, some of Chalatenango's former players created a new team, merging it with Nejapa FC to establish Alacranes Del Norte.
In 2010, the club filed the necessary paperwork to be able to compete in the Second Division.
In 2012, The club merged with Vendaval to form Chalatenango-Vendaval and they played in the second division.
However, after one season, in 2013, the partnership between Chalatenango and Vendaval ended and they split into two teams again, with Vendaval remaining in the Second Division while Chalatenango descending down a level to play in the third division.
Rebirth and another bankruptcy (2013–2017)
Chalatenango as a sole entity for the first time in five years, they were able to win promotion to the segunda division via promotion playoff and they continued several attempts to gain promotion to the first division, they were unsuccessful
However, on 18 June 2015 the team purchased a franchise license in the new expansion of the Primera Division and will be able to compete in the Primera Division for the Apertura 2015 season.
Financial troubles precipitated a succession of ownership changes and the club's eventual bankruptcy in June 2017 with total liabilities of €218 thousand dollars and months of unpaid salaries. The club was allowed to finish the season but finished bottom of the league in 12th place. They had License stripped and owner Francisco Perraza were suspended.
Another rebirth (2017–present)
The re-founded club, A.D. Chalatenango, was formed in July 2017, taking its name from the predecessor club and beating off competition from rival clubs to secure a place in the 2017–2018 season as the representative of Chalatenango. Rigoberto Mejia was appointed as president and former coach Ricardo Serrano was chosen as head coach.
The club was relegated to the second division in May 2023.
On 28 July 2023, the Segunda División confirmed the administrative relegatation of Chalatenango to Tercera Division due to their financial crisis, which meant all players contracts were voided.
Stadium
Chalatenango plays its home games at Estadio José Gregorio Martínez in Chalatenango. The Estadio José Gregorio Martínez is a 15,000-seat soccer-specific stadium.
In 2018, INDES stated that Estadio José Gregorio Martínez will undergo renovations to allow them to satisfy the ability to host CONCACAF matches
Rivalry
Chalatenango's current biggest rivalry was with fellow Chalatenango based team Atlético Comalapa, against whom they contest the derby chalateco.
Another of Chalatenango's rivalry was with fellow Chalatenango based but now defunct team Alacranes Del Norte, against whom they contest the derby chalateco. The rivalry stems from Alacranes Del Norte 's relocation from Nejapa to Chalatenango and using the same colours and stadium as Chalatenango
Sponsorship
Companies that Chalatenango currently has sponsorship deals with for 2021 Apertura include:
Arijam Sports – Official kit suppliers
Electrolit – Official sponsors
Powerade – Official sponsors
Canal 4 – Official sponsors
Aqua Sport – Official sponsors
Eurofarma – Official sponsors
Omnicom – Official sponsors
Fitness Sports – Official sponsors
Honours
Domestic honours
Leagues
First Division of Salvadoran Football and predecessors
Runners-up (1): Apertura 2008
Second Division of Salvadoran Football and predecessors
Champions (3) : 1979, 1990, 2003
Third Division of Salvadoran Football and predecessors
Champions (1) : 2013 Clausura
Club records
First game in the Primera Division for Chalatenango: 0–1 v Atletico Marte, 6 May 1979
First victory in the Primera Division for Chalatenango: 2–1 TBD, TBD, 2019
First goalscorer for Chalatenango: TBD v TBD, TBD, 2019
First goalscorer in the Primera Division for Chalatenango: TBD v TBD, TBD, 2019
Largest Home victory, Primera División: 3–0 v TBD, TBD, 2019
Largest Away victory, Primera División: 4–0 TBD, TBD, 2019
Largest Home loss, Primera División: 4–0 v TBD, TBD, 2019
Largest Away loss, Primera División: 0–3 v TBD, TBD, 2019
Highest home attendance: 14,403 v Primera División, Estadio Cuscatlán, 21 December 2008
Highest away attendance: 1,000 v Primera División, San Salvador, 2018
Highest average attendance, season: 49,176, Primera División
Most goals scored, Apertura 2019 season, Primera División: 21, TBD, 2018
Worst season: Primera Division Apertura 2019: 3 win, 5 draws and 14 losses (14 points)
Individual records
Record appearances (all competitions): TBD, 822 from 1957 to 1975
Record appearances (Primera Division): Salvadoran TBD, 27 from 2018
Most capped player for El Salvador: 74 (7 whilst at Chalatenango), Ramón Sánchez
Most international caps for El Salvador while a Chalatnenago player: 1, TBD
Most caps won whilst at Chalatenango: 1, TBD.
Record scorer in league: TBD, 396
Most goals in a season (all competitions): TBD, 62 (1927/28) (47 in League, 15 in Cup competitions)
Most goals in a season (Primera Division): René Andrés Ubau, 13
Top scorers
Most appearances
Note: Players in bold text are still active with Chalatenango
Top goalscorers
<small>Note: Players in bold text are still active with Chalatenango</small>
Current squad:Out on loan
In
Out
Players with dual citizenship
Josué Dubon
Fernando Estrada
Matthaus García
Captains
Personnel
Coaching staff
Management
Reserve League squad
Chalatenango's reserve squad plays in the twelve-team Primera División Reserves (El Salvador).Updated 9 May 2023''
Presidential history
Coaches
Chalatenango has had 22 permanent managers and two caretaker managers since the club's first appointed Oscar Rene Serrano as a professional manager in 1960. The longest-serving manager in terms of time was Armando Contreras Palma, who managed Chalatenango for three years from 1986 to 1990. Raúl Héctor Cocherari, who managed the club from 2002 to 2003, was the first Chalatenango manager to achieve a championship.
References
External links
Archived team website (archived 11 September 2014)
Historia – Alacranet
Una generación bendecida (Historia) – La Prensa Gráfica (archived 22 June 2008)
Association football clubs established in 1950
Chalatenango
1950 establishments in El Salvador
Alacranes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.D.%20Chalatenango
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Pacific Creosoting Company was a company founded on Bainbridge Island that treated logs with creosote as a preservative.
History
It began operations as The Perfection Pile Preserving Company in 1904. It moved in 1905 to Eagle Harbor at Winslow in the city of Bainbridge Island.
The company was taken over and renamed by Horace Chapin Henry in 1906 around when he introduced the new Bethell Process. The company's Vice President and General Manager was a victim of the 1912 RMS Titanic sinking.
After Henry died in 1928, his company and its competitor, J. M. Colman's creosote company (located in West Seattle), were combined in 1930 to form the West Coast Wood Preserving Company. In 1947, Walter Wyckoff bought out the Colman family's interest and, after joining with J. H. Baxter in 1959, renamed the company the Baxter-Wyckoff Company. In 1964, Wyckoff bought out Baxter and renamed the company the Wyckoff Company.
The Eagle Harbor site was one of the largest producers of treated wood products in the US. Treated wood from the site was used to build wharves in San Francisco, flood control channels in Los Angeles, and the Panama Canal.
The facilities remaining buildings, located along the southside of Eagle Harbor on Bainbridge Island, were documented in a 1996 Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) project. The historic documentation was done before their removal by the EPA for pollution remediation.
The severity of pollution from the Wyckoff Company wood treatment plant was first documented in the 1970’s by state and federal agencies, but it was only when property values started to drop in 1983 that the Bainbridge community at large became involved. The property value dropped on the land where Wyckoff was operating, due to internal reports that the land was polluted. In 1984, the Kitsap Health District banned fishing in Eagle Harbor, where it continues to be prohibited in the year 2022, due to environmental pollution and health concerns. The fact that this environmental pollution has damaged an ecosystem to the extent that shellfish cannot be collected in that area is in direct violation of the Treaty of Point Elliott. The Treaty of Point Elliott was the initial agreement signed in 1855 where Native Peoples, represented by the, “Dwamish, Suquamish, Sk-kahl-mish, Sam-ahmish, Smalh-kamish, Skope-ahmish, St-kah-mish, Snoqualmoo, Skai-wha-mish, N'Quentl-ma-mish, Sk-tah-le-jum, Stoluck-wha-mish, Sno-ho-mish, Skagit, Kik-i-allus, Swin-a-mish, Squin-ah-mish, Sah-ku-mehu, Noo-wha-ha, Nook-wa-chah-mish, Mee-see-qua-guilch, Cho-bah-ah-bish, and other allied and subordinate tribes and bands of Indians occupying certain lands situated in said Territory of Washington” ceded their land to the U.S. government, with the stipulation that reservation land would be allocated and provided, and that they would have continued access to their traditional hunting and fishing grounds. The Suquamish tribe originally inhabited Bainbridge Island before the Treaty of Point Elliott, and relocated to the Port Madison Indian Reservation in the subsequent years. During this time, little information is available about the transition process for the Suquamish Peoples, although it has been noted that they continued to harvest their traditional foods from the beaches while the area was being largely disseminated of its timber resources. Eagle Harbor is a traditional fishing area for the Suquamish tribe, and is represented as such on their tribal fishing & hunting regulation map. NOAA has released consumption advisories against bottom dwelling organisms, such as clams and geo ducks, both cultural foods to the Suquamish tribe, in the area since 1985, citing Eagle Harbor as the most polluted area in the Puget Sound of a specific carcinogenic hydrocarbon found within creosote. Even though the Wyckoff Co. did not operate on recognized tribal land at the time of its operation, it did operate on ancestral Suquamish land, and the pollution that Wyckoff Co. generated spread into recognized tribal fishing areas, prohibiting access to traditional foodways.
Superfund site
The Environmental Protection Agency started investigating environmental issues at the Wyckoff site in Eagle Harbor in 1971. Studies showed a high concentration of PAH pollution in the harbor and related it to liver lesions in fish. The Wyckoff site was put on the Superfund list in 1987 for PAH, heavy metals and PCB pollution. The Pacific Sound Resources site in West Seattle was put on the Superfund list in 1994. The company had renamed itself as Pacific Sound Resources and, due to expenses associated with clean-up, the company went bankrupt in 1993.
Between 1994 and 2002, the US Army Corps of Engineers created a cap of clean sediments over the bottom of the Eagle Harbor to contain polluted sediments. The West Seattle site was capped and use of the site restricted.
The Association of Bainbridge Communities (ABC) worked closely with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1985 to receive a spot on the National Priority List, which would then make the Wyckoff pollution available for federal cleanup funds under the Superfund allocation. Signatures totalling 2,000 people were delivered to the U.S. congress representative, eventually awarding National Priority List funding in 1987. At this time, the Wyckoff Co. began their own pollution treatment plan, using a pump and treat system with construction of a new wastewater treatment facility. However, in 1988 the EPA took over the cleanup operation after the Wyckoff Co. then transitioned to Pacific Sound Resources and declared bankruptcy. From 1992 to 1994, the EPA removed 29,000 tons of creosote sludge and 100,000 gallons of contaminated oils. Also during this time period, capping of the bay was initiated, which is the process of dumping clean sands and gravels on top of contaminated areas to bury contamination. The goal of capping is to isolate contamination, in this case creosote leakage from the initial site causing an increase in PAH, the carcinogenic hydrocarbon found in creosote. From the beginning of the capping process in 1993 to 1997, creosote was still being identified throughout the bay, spurring the construction of a containment wall around the initial Wyckoff site in 1997.
However, the response intensified after continued creosote sludge spills were still being recorded in the bay. In a monitoring exercise in 1997, EPA divers recorded pools of creosote laying 20-40 ft across the bed of the harbor bottom. Later that year, a final proposed plan was issued by the EPA to cap and contain the rest of the contaminants on site and those that had leached into Eagle Harbor and neighboring beaches, however after facing much opposition from the community and state, a new plan was devised and released in 2000 to continue the pump and treat operation with new steam injection technology. Steam treatment of contaminants began in 2002 in an effort to not leave any contaminants in the environment, but ended a short six months later due to technical problems within the pipes. Within the pressurized compartments, crystals formed to block passage of liquid, along with inconsistent flux of water flow and temperature due to seasonality. For these reasons, the steam enhanced treatment pump and treat operation project ended in 2003. It is important to note that EPA records are inconsistent with the review of this information, as the fourth five year report published in 2017 does not acknowledge the use nor failure of the steam injection pump and treat operation, meanwhile the redacted 2019 record of decision amendment acknowledges the use and failure of steam injection.
At the official closure of the steam enhanced pump and treat operation in 2004, an estimated 1 million gallons of contamination still needed treatment. The EPA has continued to treat contaminated groundwater and soils since then, using an updated version of the original 1994 construction. They also constructed a steel sheet pile wall to contain creosote seeps into the bay, however it is unclear how much groundwater and soils have been processed since the failure of the steam enhanced pump and treat operation failed. In 2008, the EPA readdressed a creosote seep through one of their formally declared “managed” areas by creating an exposure barrier system, which is a three foot deep cap over the entire exposed area. This continual repair of caps placed in the region, along with adding rocks to address erosion, has been the main course of action until a new plan was proposed in 2016. This plan obtained approval in 2019 calling for two defined phases. Phase one outlines the construction of a new site access road, replacing the perimeter wall around the original Wyckoff processing site to contain creosote in upper layers of the aquifer, and a continued dredge and cap of neighboring beaches. The second phase of the plan is unclear; the official Wyckoff Superfund website through the EPA does not specify what the second phase entails, nor do any of the linked pdf documents. However, a broad overview of the plan is listed, including: removing all of the machinery from the failed steam enhanced pump and treat operation, creating a diversion subterranean wall for clean ground water to be diverted so as not to mix with creosote infiltrated ground water, immobilizing 267,000 cubic yards of contaminants in the current creosote polluted upper aquifer with a cement slurry (important to note that lower aquifer contamination is not addressed in this current action plan), creating outfall drains and caps for all impacted areas, and creating new “institutional controls” for how to best not disturb the cap moving forward. All of these steps are scheduled to be completed by 2032.
Alongside the EPA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been working on restoration projects beginning in 2009. This has included restoring shorelines and vegetation, along with removing bulkheads left from the Wyckoff Co. wood treatment operation. In 2012, NOAA partnered with the Suquamish Tribe for a restoration project planting eelgrass on refilled dredged channel areas around Eagle Harbor that were created in the construction of the Wyckoff Co. wood treatment operation. Eelgrass habitat is native to the Puget Sound, and provides important meadows for salmon, other fish, and marine invertebrates. NOAA is quoted as saying that, “Increasing the amount of eelgrass is one of the highest priorities for restoring the health of Puget Sound.” Restoration of eelgrass habitats is vital to supporting salmon recovery projects, which is especially important to the Chinook Salmon in the region. The Suquamish Tribe was awarded the Restoration Excellence Award in 2016 for their work to replant eelgrass in a portion of the estimated 500 acres of creosote damaged waters.
See also
References
External links
Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) documentation, filed under 5350 Creosote Place, Northeast, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA:
Manufacturing companies based in Washington (state)
Bainbridge Island, Washington
Buildings and structures in Kitsap County, Washington
Defunct companies based in Washington (state)
Superfund sites in Washington (state)
Chemical companies established in 1904
Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1993
History of Kitsap County, Washington
Historic American Engineering Record in Washington (state)
1904 establishments in Washington (state)
1993 disestablishments in Washington (state)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific%20Creosoting%20Company
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Leukocyte-promoting factor, more commonly known as leukopoietin, is a category of substances produced by neutrophils when they encounter a foreign antigen. Leukopoietin stimulates the bone marrow to increase the rate of leukopoiesis in order to replace the neutrophils that will inevitably be lost when they begin to phagocytose the foreign antigens.
Leukocyte-promoting factors include colony stimulating factors (CSFs) (produced by monocytes and T lymphocytes), interleukins (produced by monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells), prostaglandins, and lactoferrin.
See also
White blood cell
Leukocytosis
Complete blood count
Indium-111 WBC scan
Leukocyte extravasation
References
Cytokines
Hormones of the blood
Hematology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukocyte-promoting%20factor
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Arctic Norway () comprises the northernmost parts of Norway that lie above the Arctic circle. Norway reaches from approximately 58°N to 81°N, so large parts lie north of the Arctic circle at 66°33′. In Norway, the name Northern Norway is used for the northernmost part of mainland Norway, while Arctic Norway is often understood as Svalbard.
Geography
Arctic Norway consists of four geographically separated parts:
Mainland Norway, from 66°33′ to 71°11'N;
Svalbard, located from 76°28 to 80°49' N;
Bjørnøya (Bear Island), situated at 74°31′N 19°01′E;
Jan Mayen, situated at 70°59′N 8°32′W.
The Arctic circle crosses mainland Norway at Saltfjellet, which separates Helgeland from the northern part of Nordland county. Thus about half of the county lies north of the Arctic circle, along with the whole of Troms and Finnmark counties. The total area of mainland Norway above the Arctic circle is ca. . The population is about 393,000, which makes this the most populated arctic region in the world.
Svalbard archipelago is situated some north of mainland Norway and has an area of . The population is about 2,400, and includes Longyearbyen, the northernmost town in the world.
Bear Island () is situated some north of mainland Norway, about two-thirds the distance to Svalbard. It has an area of . The population is 9, which is the staff of the weather station.
Jan Mayen is situated some 880 km northwest of mainland Norway and about 450 km off the coast of Greenland. It has an area of 373 km2. The population is 18, which is the staff of the weather station.
Geography of Norway
Arctic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic%20Norway
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Elfriede Martha Blauensteiner (22 January 1931 – 18 November 2003), dubbed The Black Widow, was an Austrian serial killer who murdered at least three victims by poison. In each case, she inherited the victim's possessions.
Crimes
On 7 March 1997, Blauensteiner was found guilty of murdering 77-year-old Alois Pichler and sentenced to life imprisonment. Her former lawyer Harald Schmidt was jailed for seven years for being an accomplice to grievous bodily harm and for forging the will of Alois Pichler. She was a gambling addict, and it is believed that she would deliberately date rich elderly men and poison them before gambling away the money which had been left to her in their fabricated wills. Four years later, she was found guilty of murdering her 64-year-old husband Friedrick Doecker and 84-year-old female neighbour Franziska Koeberl. Although she was only convicted of a total of three murders, Austrian police believe that she may have murdered at least 10 people. Keoberl is believed to have been her only female victim.
After serving less than seven years of her life sentence, Blauensteiner died from a brain tumour on 18 November 2003, in a Vienna hospital. She was cremated at Feuerhalle Simmering, where also her ashes were buried.
See also
List of serial killers by country
List of medical and pseudo-medical serial killers
References
Peter Vronsky: "Female Serial Killers: How and Why Women Become Monsters”, Berkley Books, New York (2007), p. 439
External links
Mayhem Net
1931 births
2003 deaths
Austrian female serial killers
Austrian people convicted of murder
Austrian people who died in prison custody
Austrian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Burials at Feuerhalle Simmering
Deaths from brain cancer in Austria
Mariticides
People convicted of murder by Austria
Poisoners
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Austria
Prisoners who died in Austrian detention
Serial killers who died in prison custody
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elfriede%20Blauensteiner
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Alexei Blinov (10 July 1965 - 26 November 2019 ) was a London-based electronic engineer and new media artist working out of Raylab in Hackney. As founder of experimental new media organisation "Raylab" he has collaborated with a number of creative artists including Jamie Reid.
He was trained as a doctor before moving to the Netherlands and then the UK. In the early 1990s he specialised in large scale high quality laser projections. Since the late 1990s he has produced a wide variety of interactive audio-visual installations. Over the past few years, he has been the creative force behind many interactive audio-visual art projects in the UK.
Between 1993 and 1996 he worked extensively in the Netherlands, creating laser projections for scientific events, music and arts festivals and for dance companies. Since 1997 he has worked mainly in the UK creating interactive audio-visual installations at a number of important art galleries including the ICA, London and the Barbican Art Centre, London. Collaborations include Ciron Edwards.
From 2006-2016 he led the technical development for feature film Dau – life and times of physicist Lev Landau, on set in the Ukrainian border city Kharkov where he revisited many period experiments and engineered his own to feature in the film. The movie is one of Russia's largest and most controversial cinematic projects to date.
He engaged with new media projects based on wireless networking such as WiFi, and was a well known and respected I/O specialist with a passion for high voltage and radio frequency experimentation. Blinov was also interested in blockchain resourcing. He also researched electro stimulation of neural feedback and, in collaboration with Dau and xname, he attempted the construction of an interactive system to transmit emotions (es pain, pleasure) from the brain of a subject to the body of another (project Empathy).
He has exhibited a selection of these HT experiments including the ‘Hairpin Circuit’ at Moscow University. A set of spectacular arctic ICE core holographic images were recently exhibited in St Petersburg.
Alongside Ilze Black and Martin Howse, he was a member of TAKE2030, a brave new media society that operated in parallel net media scheme. The London based collective produced public art projects, shifting social network missions into hypermedia playing fields. Past projects include RichAir2030, UK, EU (2003-2004) and Lets do Lunch, London (2005). Blinov had deep ties with the Open Wireless Network community between Moscow, London and Berlin, collaborating with Jamie Reid, Empress Stah, Shu Lea Cheang, Nancy Mauro-Flude and many others.
He died on 26 November 2019 following complications from pancreatic cancer.
References
External links
Hive Networks website.
Ray Lab
Dau . IMDb.
British artists
Russian male artists
1964 births
2019 deaths
Laser art
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei%20Blinov
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Fred McLeod Wilcox (December 22, 1907 – September 23, 1964) was an American motion picture director. He worked for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for many years and is best remembered for directing Lassie Come Home (1943) and Forbidden Planet (1956). These films were entered in the National Film Preservation Board's National Film Registry in 1993 and 2013 respectively.
Filmography
Joaquin Murrieta (1938)
Lassie Come Home (1943)
Courage of Lassie (1946)
Three Daring Daughters (1948)
Hills of Home (1948)
The Secret Garden (1949)
Shadow in the Sky (1952)
Code Two (1953)
Tennessee Champ (1954)
Forbidden Planet (1956)
I Passed for White (1960)
External links
1907 births
1964 deaths
People from Tazewell, Virginia
Film directors from Virginia
Science fiction film directors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20M.%20Wilcox%20%28director%29
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Siris or Siraš was a Mesopotamian goddess associated with beer. She was also worshiped in Ebla, where her name was spelled as Zilaš. Cognates of her name are also present as terms referring to alcoholic beverages or deities associated with them in languages such as Ugaritic and Hebrew. She was closely associated with another goddess of similar character, Ninkasi, though the nature of the connection between them varies between sources. She is attested in a variety of texts, including god lists, offering lists and a variant of the Ballad of Early Rulers.
Name and character
Siris' name was commonly written in cuneiform logographically as dŠIM, dŠIM✕A, or dŠIM✕NINDA, though syllabic phonetic spellings are known too. A theonym attested in the texts from Ebla, Zilaš (dZi-la-šu), is presumed to be another writing of the name too. Other related theonyms include trṯ, attested in the Ugaritic texts, and Tiršu, known from a theophoric name of a ruler of Hazor mentioned in the Amarna letters, Abdi-Tirši ("servant of Tiršu"). Cognates are also present in Phoenician (trš) and Hebrew (tîrôš) as ordinary nouns referring to wine or grape must. Most likely all of these words were derived from a common Semitic root possibly referring to fermentation, reconstructed as *ṮRŠ by John F. Healey.
In Mesopotamia Siris was associated with beer. As summarized by Manfred Krebernik, she was connected with production, consumption and the effects it had on humans, but not necessarily with innkeepers responsible for its sale. Her name functioned as a metonym for the beverage itself in Akkadian texts. When used in this context, it was written syllabically and without the so-called "divine determinative" (dingir), a sign used to indicate a word is a theonym in cuneiform. The Eblaite sources associate her with wine and honey. In Mesopotamian texts association between Siris and wine is not directly attested, though Krebernik notes it is not implausible that she was connected with more than one alcoholic beverage in this area.
Associations with other deities
Siris and Ninkasi, another goddess associated with beer, are juxtaposed in various texts, for example in god lists. They could be regarded as sisters as attested in a version of the Weidner god list with explanatory notes from Assur. However, in other sources they could be treated as equivalents, for example in the god list An = Anum and Neo-Assyrian versions of Lugalbanda myths. Richard L. Litke states that a single text might refer to Siris as a male deity and Ninkasi's husband, but according to Manfred Krebernik no references to either of them having a spouse are known. The view that a tradition in which Siris was considered Ninkasi's daughter is documented in some copies of An = Anum is considered unconvincing today. In the Nippur god list, Siris and Ninkasi are preceded by the deity Nintiḫal, who might be the mother of the former. She might be the same deity as Ninti, who was the mother of Ninkasi.
In An = Anum, Siris is listed in a section dedicated to the courtiers of Enlil. Manfred Krebernik argues that the deities of beer were placed in his circle because the goddess responsible for grain from which the beverage was made, Nisaba, was closely associated with him due to being viewed as his mother-in-law. A text only known from late copies referred as Gattung II in Assyriological literature refers to Siris as the "great cook of An," but this role is not attested for her otherwise. In Ebla, Siris (Zilaš) was associated with a local version of the god Ea, Ḥayya. In a Mesopotamia incantation to which Wilfred G. Lambert assigned the title The First Brick, Siris is said to be one of the deities created by Ea from clay taken from the Apsu.
In a number of texts, Siris appears alongside Ningishzida. For example, tablet VII of Maqlû contains a formula labeled as "the incantation of Siris and Ningishzida." They are also invoked together in Muššu'u and in Šurpu. The connection might be based on a shared association with alcohol, as it is sometimes assumed Ningishzida was associated with wine. An alternate proposal is that it depended on his character as an underworld god, as underworld and beer deities might have been associated with each other to illustrate the negative effects of excessive alcohol consumption. In the Weidner god list, Siris and other beer deities are placed between Laṣ and Nungal, which might be another example supporting the latter theory.
Attestations
The oldest reference to Siris occurs in an Eblaite offering list, while in Mesopotamia the first known instance of her name spelled syllabically occurs in an Old Babylonian incantation from Isin. She is also attested in various god lists, including An = Anum, the Nippur god list and the Weidner god list.
A single theophoric name invoking Siris has been identified in the corpus of texts from Nippur from the Kassite period. According to the Nippur Compendium, a text known from Neo-Babylonian copies, she was worshiped in the temple of Gula in this city, which at the time bore the ceremonial name Eurusagga. She is still attested in a text from this city from the Achaemenid period. Siris was also worshiped in Assur, where she had her own sanctuary, in Isin, and in Babylon in the temple of Mandanu, Erabriri, where she had a seat named Ekurunna, "house of liquor."
A variant of the Ballad of Early Rulers from Ugarit and Emar adds a reference to Siris which is not attested in known Mesopotamian copies of the same text. The composition is often interpreted as an example of "wisdom literature" or as a drinking song. The exact reasons behind Siris' inclusion are not certain. The line mentioning her is a blessing, "may Siraš rejoice over you!" It has been suggested that while only attested in Syrian copies of the text, it nonetheless originates in a variant of the composition which originally arose in Mesopotamia.
According to Julia M. Asher-Greve, Siris might also be represented in Mesopotamian visual arts, as a seal with a depiction of two goddesses seemingly holding drinking cups according to her might be a depiction of this goddess and Ninkasi. Another similar image has been identified on an object which might have originally been a part of an instrument or a gaming board.
References
Bibliography
Mesopotamian goddesses
Eblaite deities
Alcohol goddesses
Beer culture
Deities of wine and beer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siris%20%28goddess%29
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Leukopoiesis is a form of hematopoiesis in which white blood cells (WBC, or leukocytes) are formed in bone marrow located in bones in adults and hematopoietic organs in the fetus. White blood cells, indeed all blood cells, are formed from the differentiation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells which give rise to several cell lines with unlimited differentiation potential. These immediate cell lines, or colonies, are progenitors of red blood cells (erythrocytes), platelets (megakaryocytes), and the two main groups of WBCs, myelocytes and lymphocytes.
See also
Lymphopoiesis
Myelopoiesis
References
Hematopoiesis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leukopoiesis
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Widdecombe, Widecombe, Widdicombe or Widdicomb could refer to:
Ann Widdecombe (born 1947), British politician
Angus Widdicombe (born 1994), Australian rower
Danny Widdicombe, Australian musician
David Widdicombe (born 1962), Canadian filmmaker and playwright
Josh Widdicombe (born 1983), English stand-up comedian
Timothy Widdicombe (born 1990), Australian rower
Widecombe Fair, an annual event in England
Widecombe Fair (song), a folk song
Widecombe in the Moor, a Devon village
Widdicomb Furniture Company
See also
Widikum people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widdecombe
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The Pumpkin Roll is an annual event since 1969 in Chagrin Falls, Ohio involving rolling pumpkins down a hill at night. Historically, at the conclusion of the roll, the students attend a big party, leaving most of them either hungover or still drunk at school the next day.
History
The "Pumpkin Roll" began as a class prank undertaken by the Chagrin Falls High School class of 1969. The students took 69 pumpkins and rolled them down Grove Hill (part of Main Street in Chagrin Falls, Ohio). The two conductors of this prank were Steve and Allen Leach. Classmate Alvin "Beanie" Smith was the main transport for the pumpkins, utilizing the dump truck he owned. The Leaches' younger brother and many of his classmates from the class of 1971 advanced and continued the movement. Students from the class of 1972 and 1973 collected pumpkins typically no smaller than a basketball and dumped them out of the backs of their cars and watched them roll down the steep hill. The class of 1976 dumped around 900 pumpkins.
These students started a tradition that has been carried for over 46 years since. According to the de facto rules of the event, it is planned largely by the senior class of Chagrin Falls High School, with help from the juniors. The event is held on a day determined by the Chagrin Falls Police Department. Underclassmen are not invited to participate. As a result, the Pumpkin Roll has become a bonding experience for the junior and senior classes. They traditionally smash open the pumpkins and slide down the hill on a chosen night around Halloween. The event initially began as a "dump and run" operation but has currently evolved into a much more elaborate setup, as students sled down the hills on recycling bins, baby pools, and other objects that could be used as sleds. Police interference has had little effect over the years. The event often ends with some, typically minor, injuries to participants.
Pumpkins are typically stolen from houses surrounding the area. Juniors and seniors go out the nights before the actual event to steal them. This act has been dubbed by the locals as "pumpkining". When caught pumpkining, students have been charged with counts of theft. The record for most stolen and rolled pumpkins belongs to the Class of 2018 with an estimated 2,300 pumpkins. The current record for largest pumpkin stolen is held by a pumpkin weighing in at 776.5 pounds. The pumpkin was stolen by Juniors at the time, all from the class of 2009.
During the Pumpkin Roll of 2008, Solon resident Robert Bowen was talking with a police officer when he was struck from behind by a sled travelling down the hill. Bowen fell, hitting his head on the concrete, and had to be transported to a hospital. The incident left him unconscious and on life support. This was expected to affect the future of the Pumpkin Roll, though there proved to be no changes the following years.
The Class of 2012's Roll had no arrests and no injuries, a feat compared to Rolls of years prior.
A 2017 documentary produced by R43 Limited in Chagrin Falls and titled Grove Hill: A True Story chronicles the evolution of the annual Pumpkin Roll.
No roll is planned in 2020.
Coverage
Every year, footage from the event airs on Cleveland's local news stations. Footage from the 2004 Pumpkin Roll shot by former student Ryan Luby appeared on ESPN as number eight on the “Not Top 10 Plays of the Week”. This drew national attention towards Chagrin Falls, which is a small, quaint village with a population of roughly 4,000.
External links
Sources
Chagrin Falls Alumni Association: History
Sun News Report from 1997
WKYC TV station coverage
'Countdown with Keith Olbermann for October 19, 2005 -Features mention of Pumpkin Roll
Cleveland Plain Dealer Describes injury to man in 2008
The Chagrin Falls pumpkin roll aims for the silver screen
WATCH: Students smash pumpkins, slide down Grove Hill at the annual Chagrin Falls Pumpkin Roll
Festivals in Ohio
Cuyahoga County, Ohio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumpkin%20Roll
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Jean-Paul Kamudimba Kalala (born 16 February 1982), also known as JP Kalala, is a Congolese former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1999 to 2012.
He started his career in France playing for Nice before moving to Grimsby Town in 2005. Whilst with Grimsby he is notably remembered for scoring the winning goal in injury time in a League Cup tie against Tottenham Hotspur. He later went on to play for Yeovil Town and Oldham Athletic before moving back to Grimsby on loan in 2008. He re-joined Yeovil for a second spell in 2009 and went on to play for Bristol Rovers and Southend United. He earned seven caps for the DR Congo national team.
Club career
Nice
Kalala started his career with the French club OGC Nice in 1999, but it took him until 2003 to gain a promotion to the club's first team. After only two league appearances he was released at the end of the 2004–05 season after spending six years at the club playing for both the first team and the B side.
Grimsby Town
Kalala joined Swansea City on trial and played in several pre-season games, but wasn't offered a deal by Kenny Jackett who admitted the midfielder wasn't the type of player he was looking for. He then moved to England and joined Grimsby Town in June 2005 initially on a trial along with several other French league players Makhtar N'Diaye and Madjid Ben Haddou. His first appearance for Grimsby, was in a 1–1 draw against Rotherham United in pre-season in which Kalala hit the post from 25 yards. On 1 July 2005, he made his move to Grimsby a permanent one. Kalala was a regular in the first team, sitting in a central midfield role with Paul Bolland. Kalala's early season performances helped Town to become early pace setters in League Two.
He famously scored a goal that sent Premier League side Tottenham Hotspur out of the League Cup. The goal came in the 87th minute of play when Andy Parkinson's inswinging corner connected with Kalala who volleyed home from the edge of the area. The goal saw Grimsby win the game 1–0 and set up a tie with Newcastle United in the third round. Kalala went on to pick up five goals in the league for The Mariners, another noted strike was a 35-yard driver in a 4–0 home win over Notts County.
Kalala eventually lost his place in the starting eleven to Ciaran Toner, after he went to the African Nations Cup to represent the DR Congo national team. However, Kalala did not even manage to get on the pitch during the competition. On his return to Blundell Park, he found it tough going to dislodge Toner from the first team. Mariners boss Russell Slade had also signed Curtis Woodhouse, another centralised midfielder who played in the same natural position to Kalala. Grimsby failed to gain automatic promotion, and thus settled for a place in the play-offs. They eventually were knocked out by Cheltenham Town in the final, losing 1–0 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. Kalala was only an unused substitute in the game.
Yeovil Town
Following Grimsby's failure to secure promotion, Kalala opted to leave the club. He moved up a league and joined Yeovil Town soon after on a free transfer, where he followed Grimsby manager Russell Slade and goalkeeper Steve Mildenhall to Huish Park. After one season with the Somerset club, where he was part of the side that reached the playoff final, but like the previous season with Grimsby, he was on the losing side. Following the conclusion of the 2006–07 season, he was released by Russell Slade, the man who initially brought him to England.
Oldham Athletic
Following his release from Yeovil, Kalala moved again on a free to League One side Oldham Athletic, signing a two-year contract for the club on 28 June 2007. He made his first team debut for the Latics on 11 August in a 2–1 victory over Swansea City. Three days later, he would score his first goal for the club in a 4–1 victory over Mansfield Town in the League Cup. On 19 January 2008, Kalala returned to Huish Park in a League One clash versus Yeovil Town, his first trip back to his former club. The game ended in a 0–0 draw.
On 13 May, after returning from his Grimsby Town loan, Kalala was released by Oldham, after the club decided not to renew his contract.
Grimsby Town (loan)
On 30 October 2008 it was announced that Kalala would return to Grimsby, He joined his former side, struggling in League Two, and at and opposite end of the table to when he left them. He joined the club on an initial loan deal until 3 January and was Mike Newell's first signing as the new manager of the club. In his first game back he scored Grimsby's only goal in a 2–1 defeat against Darlington. It was announced in late December, Newell's desire to sign Kalala on a permanent basis along with fellow loanees Adam Proudlock and Rob Atkinson. On 9 January 2009, Kalala began to hold talks over a permanent switch back to the club. Newell had hoped the further acquisitions of fellow French speaking players Jean-Louis Akpa Akpro and Mickael Buscher would sway his decision to re-join the club permanently. However, due to the club's current low league position, Kalala snubbed a permanent contract, but did however extend his loan stay with the North East Lincolnshire club until the end of the season. Little under two months later, Kalala got injured, forcing him to spend the last two months of the season on the sidelines. He played 21 times in his loan spell, scoring twice. His final game for the club was on 11 March 2009, in a 2–1 defeat against Chesterfield.
Return to Yeovil Town and move to Bristol Rovers
Yeovil Town resigned Kalala in August 2009. Kalala joined fellow League One side Bristol Rovers on 31 January 2011. He was one of seventeen players released by the team in May 2011.
Southend United
On 27 July 2011, Kalala signed a one-year contract with Southend United with the option of a further year after impressing on trial. He scored his first and only goal for the club in a 4-1 loss to Swindon Town. Following the conclusion of the 2011–12 season, manager Paul Sturrock opted against extending his contract and he was subsequently released. Kalala returned to Southend in the summer to train with the club, but after picking up an injury he returned to France to help with his rehabilitation.
International career
Kalala was part of the Congolese 2004 African Nations Cup team, who finished bottom of their group in the first round of competition, thus failing to secure qualification for the quarter-finals. In 2006 he was again part of the squad that reached the quarter-finals, but did not get on the pitch.
Personal life
Kalala abruptly retired from football in 2012. He now resides in Nice, France where he works as a barber in a beauty salon he owns named "Estika". He holds French nationality.
Honours
Grimsby Town
League Two play-off final runner-up: 2005–06
Yeovil Town
League One play-off final runner-up: 2006–07
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Lubumbashi
Men's association football midfielders
Democratic Republic of the Congo men's footballers
Democratic Republic of the Congo men's international footballers
French men's footballers
2004 African Cup of Nations players
2006 Africa Cup of Nations players
Democratic Republic of the Congo expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Expatriate men's footballers in England
OGC Nice players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Yeovil Town F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Southend United F.C. players
Ligue 1 players
English Football League players
21st-century Democratic Republic of the Congo people
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Colonel Stig Erik Constans Wennerström (22 August 1906 – 21 March 2006) was a Swedish Air Force officer who was convicted of treason for espionage activities on behalf of the Soviet Union in 1964.
Early life
Wennerström was born on 22 August 1906 in Stockholm, Sweden, the son of major Gustaf Wennerström and his wife Ester Berggren. He passed studentexamen in 1926.
Career
Wennerström was commissioned as an officer in the Swedish Navy with the rank of acting sub-lieutenant in 1929 and conducted flight training from 1931 to 1932. Wennerström transferred to the newly created Swedish Air Force where he was promoted to lieutenant in 1936. He attended the Royal Swedish Naval Staff College's staff school from 1936 to 1937. He served as aide-de-camp to Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Västerbotten from 1938 to 1947 and was promoted to captain in 1939 and served as air attaché in Moscow from 1940 to 1941. Wennerström was promoted to major in 1944 and to lieutenant colonel in 1946. He was a teacher at the Royal Swedish Air Force Staff College from 1946 to 1948 and was again air attaché in Moscow from 1949 to 1952. Wennerström was promoted to colonel in 1951 and served as air attaché in Washington, D.C. from 1952 to 1957. He was section chief at the Military Office of the Minister of Defence from 1957 to 1961.
During the 1950s, Wennerström leaked Swedish air defence plans and the entire Saab Draken fighter jet project to the Soviet Union. When working as an air attaché in Washington, D.C., he was very useful to the Soviet military intelligence agency, the GRU. As early as 1943, the Swedish Security Service (SÄPO), suspected that Wennerström was working for Germany and in 1947 there were indications that he had connections with the Soviet Union, but the suspicions couldn't be proven. The counterintelligence operation centred on him was intensified towards the end of the 1950s and his household maid was recruited by SÄPO. In June 1963, the maid reported that she had found some film rolls hidden in his attic. The films contained photographs of secret documents.
Arrest and conviction
In the morning of 30 June 1963, Wennerström was on his way to his work at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in central Stockholm. Just as he passed the Riksbron Bridge, three people from SÄPO came up behind Wennerström and arrested him. After his arrest, Wennerström was brought to SÄPO's premises on Bergsgatan in Kungsholmen, where the hearings began immediately. At the same time, Wennerström's house on Skirnervägen 20 in Djursholm was locked for a search warrant that would take almost a week. Initially, Wennerström denied the charges. At the same time, SÄPO failed to develop the film rolls containing Wennerström's photographs of secret documents. An expert was called in, and after three and a half days, found the right method. When the photographed documents were displayed to Wennerström, he confessed, but at the same time denied that his spying had been directed against Sweden. Soon, however, he was convicted. During the six years prior to his arrest, Wennerström is believed to have handed over 20,000 pages of secret documents about the Swedish defences. The documents contained information about the Swedish Air Force's strategy, secret military bases, and radar defense and mobilization plans.
Wennerström was initially sentenced to life in prison, the most severe peacetime sentence (under a military tribunal in wartime, treason could have been punishable by execution by firing squad, before Sweden banned capital punishment even in wartime in 1973). In 1972 the Swedish government commuted the sentence to 20 years, despite the Supreme Commander, General Stig Synnergren, still considering him to be a high security risk. He was paroled in 1974 after serving a total of 10 years; the norm in Sweden at the time was to release prisoners after they had served half their sentences.
Personal life and death
In 1939 he married Ulla-Greta Carlsson (1919–2015), the daughter of consul Eric Carlsson and Helga Andersson. He had two daughters. One of his daughters, Christine, made headlines in 1957 when at the age of 16 she ran away to elope with her 18-year-old boyfriend, a Senate page named Huw Williams. The couple was apprehended eighteen days later in Pennsylvania, having been denied in their effort to obtain a marriage license in several states, and in Canada.
Wennerström died on 21 March 2006 at the retirement home Tallgården in Enebyberg, north of Stockholm. The funeral took place on 28 March 2006 at Altorp's Cemetery Chapel in Djursholm and he was buried on 3 May 2006 at Djursholm's Cemetery.
Dates of rank
1929 – Acting sub-lieutenant (Navy)
1936 – Lieutenant (Air Force)
1939 – Captain
1944 – Major
1946 – Lieutenant colonel
1951 – Colonel
Awards and decorations
Swedish
King Gustaf V's Jubilee Commemorative Medal (1948)
Knight of the Order of the Sword (1946) – excluded from the order by King Gustav VI Adolf on 21 September 1964.
Knight of the Order of Vasa (1954) – excluded from the order by King Gustav VI Adolf on 21 September 1964.
Foreign
Officer of the Legion of Merit (15 January 1958)
Aeronautical Medal
Mexican Air Force medal
Bibliography
See also
Stig Bergling
Bertil Ströberg
References
Further reading
External links
English language obituary at Sveriges Radio International
1906 births
2006 deaths
Swedish Air Force colonels
Swedish expatriates in the Soviet Union
Swedish people convicted of spying for the Soviet Union
1963 in politics
Swedish prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Sweden
People convicted of treason against Sweden
Officers of the Legion of Merit
Military personnel from Stockholm
Swedish air attachés
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stig%20Wennerstr%C3%B6m%20%28colonel%29
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Nula Conwell (born 24 May 1959) is an English character actress.
Career
Conwell is best known for playing W.P.C/W.D.C. Viv Martella in the long-running crime UK series The Bill from 1984 to 1993, until her character was killed off. She is also known for her role as Maureen the barmaid in five episodes of Only Fools and Horses. She was asked to appear in the 1985 Christmas special To Hull and Back, but was unable to continue appearing in the sitcom when The Bill producers would not release her to their rival channel. She also appeared as Kathleen the nurse in David Lynch's 1980 Oscar nominated film The Elephant Man and also had roles in Telford's Change and Bloody Kids.
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
20th-century English actresses
Actresses from London
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nula%20Conwell
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The Wanshan Archipelago, formerly known as the Ladrones Islands, is a 104-island archipelago that is a part of Xiangzhou District in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China.
Administration
Most of the islands of the archipelago are in the () which consist of three towns: Guishan Town (), Dangan Town () and Wanshan Town ().
Before was created in 1953, the islands were part of Po-On County.
Geography
The islands are situated in the South China Sea, to the south of the opening of the Pearl River estuary and Hong Kong.
The archipelago includes several groups of islands. The western group, located south of the Pearl River estuary and Lantau Island, was formerly known to Europeans as the Ladrones, from the Spanish for "thieves". It comprises Greater Wanshan, Guishan, and Wai Dangling Islands and the Zhizhou, Sanmen, and Aizhou groups. The eastern group, located south of Hong Kong Island, was known as the Lema Islands. Today, they are known as the Jiapeng Liedao and Dangan Liedao, respectively.
The largest island, Dangan, features mountainous terrain similar to Hong Kong.
List of islands
Islands of the archipelago include:
Dangan Liedao (), the eastern group of Wanshan archipelago, and the eastern half of the former Lema Islands chain
Dangan Dao (), 13.2 km2 in area and the largest of the islands; 200 permanent residents mainly along Zhangmu Bay and Hengkeng.
Erzhou Dao (), 8.15 km2
Zhiwan Dao (), 4.5 km2
Xidan Dao (), 0.85 km2
Jiapeng Liedao (), the southern group of Wanshan archipelago, and the western half of the former Lema Islands chain
Eyan Shi Dao (, O-yen Shih). A 39m high islet about 1 mile north of Beijian Dao.
Beijian Dao (), 3.17 km2. Two peaks rising almost perpendicularly to a height of 300m on the southwestern end of the island, are known as Asses' Ears.
Miaowan Dao (), 1.46 km2 in area. 240m high. It has a small population of fishermen.
Shan Zhou (), 0.16 km2
Wanzhou Dao ()
Huangmao Zhou ()
Ping Zhou (), 0.144 km2
Wenwei Zhou (, also Gap Rock in English), 0.022 km2. The small island is in the form of two hillocks, about 80 to 100 feet high, and the island derives its English name from the gap between them. The () on the island was built to serve as a navigation aid to vessels sailing to Hong Kong. It was built by a Hong Kong contractor and partly funded by the Imperial Qing Government for both construction and maintenance costs. Besides the lighthouse it had separate European and living quarters, telegraph and storage rooms. It came into operation in 1892 under Hong Kong control (island still under Chinese sovereignty) staffed by British lighthouse keeper and assistants. The lighthouse lenses and windows were damaged by typhoons in 1893 and 1905, the keepers eventually abandoned the site, civil war in China left it in ruins by the 1930s and 1940s. Taken over in by the Communists in Beijing, lighthouse was restored in 1986 with solar panels and fully automated.
Southwestern group:
Dawanshan Dao (), 8.07 km2. The seat of Wanshan Town () of Zhuhai is located on the island
Xiaowanshan Dao (), 4.35 km2.
Baili Dao (), 7.94 km2
Dong'ao Dao (), 4.62 km2 in area with population of 500. Club Med opened a holiday resort on the island in 2014.
Heng Zhou (), 0.54 km2
Zhu Zhou (), 1.66 km2
Gui Zhou (), 0.32 km2
Dalie Dao (), 0.36 km2
Huangmao Dao (), 1.08 km2
Central group, located south of Lantau:
Wai Lingding Dao (), 3.7 km2 in area and a tourist attraction with natural sites (Dangandao Provincial Nature Reserve) and temples. The seat of Dangan Town () of Zhuhai is located on the island
Sanmen Liedao ()
Hei Zhou ()
Henggang Dao (), 0.74 km2
Sanmen Dao (), 0.98 km2
Sanmen Zhou ()
Yuangang Dao (), 0.016 km2
Zhuwantou Dao (), 0.33 km2
Aizhou Liedao ()
Ai Zhou (), 1.2 km2
Ai Zhou Zi (), 0.6 km2
Northwestern group, located between Lantau and Macau:
Zhizhou Liedao ()
Dazhi Zhou (), 1.67 km2
Xiaozhi Zhou (), 1.2 km2
Guishan Dao () - formerly PLA base from the 1950s. The seat of Guishan Town () of Zhuhai is located on the island
Niutou Dao (), 1.1 km2. Connected by a road to Guishan Dao
Zhongxin Zhou (), 0.6 km2
Chitou Dao (), 0.17 km2
Sanjiaoshan Dao (), 0.82 km2
Qing Zhou ()
Sanjiao Zhou
Jishiling Pai ()
Dalu Dao ()
Datou Zhou ()
Other geographical elements
Other geographically important points of interest:
Lema Channel is a major waterway in the archipelago.
Dahengqin Dao is an island off Macau and not part of this archipelago.
Erzhou, rising to 437.7m above sea level, is the highest point in the archipelago
Population
There is a small local population, mostly in small fishing villages:
Dangan
Danganwei
Nacun
Economy
The archipelago's economy is mainly fisheries (crystal prawn, peeler crab). There is a growing tourism industry with a focus on history, beaches, and the natural beauty of the islands. About 350,000 tourists visit the islands annually. Club Med opened a holiday resort on Dong'ao in 2014.
There is also potential for petroleum extraction in the waters off the islands.
Tourist sites
Tourist sites of Wanshan Archipelago include:
Dong'ao: Blundbuss Tower; Son-Soliciting Springs
Dangan: Dangan Village
Guishan: Monument to the Martyrs of Guishan Warship; Wen Tianxiang Park
Miaowan: Xiafeng Bay, a coral beach adjacent to the fishing village.
Wanshan: A-Ma Temple; Floating Cobbles Bay
Transport
Ferry service from Zhuhai to Guishan, Wai Lingding, Dan'gan, Dong'ao and Wanshan
Fast/slow ferry service to Guishan, Wai Lingding, Xiangzhou
Sightseeing ferryboats from Zhuhai
See also
Wanshan Archipelago Campaign
Guishan Offshore Windfarm
Pirates of the South China Coast (18th-19th century)
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
The Atlas of Guangdong (), published by (Xingzhu Ditu Chubanshe), 2007. .
Further reading
External links
Aerial image of the islands (Google map)
Interactive map with the name of most islands
Map of the archipelago
Website of the Wanshan Marine Development Experimental Zone
Archipelagoes of the Pacific Ocean
Archipelagoes of China
Populated places in China
Islands of Guangdong
Islands of China
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanshan%20Archipelago
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"NoMa" is a moniker for the area north of Massachusetts Avenue located north and east of Union Station in Washington, D.C. NoMa includes the neighborhoods of Sursum Corda, Eckington, and Near Northeast and includes a section historically known as Swampoodle.
NoMa includes:
A core area consisting of all the blocks bounded by North Capitol Street on the west, Q Street NE on the north, the Amtrak/MARC railroad on the east and K Street NE on the south,
To the south of the core area, one to two blocks west of the railroad tracks/Union Station from K Street south to Massachusetts Avenue,
To the northeast of the core area, one to two blocks east of the railroad tracks from K Street north to Florida Avenue, and
To the north of the core area, the blocks between First Street NE and the railroad tracks from Q to R streets
NoMa's southern tip at Union Station/Columbus Circle is a half-mile north of the U.S. Capitol. According to the NoMa Business Improvement District, the neighborhood was home to 13,000 residents as of January 2023, with a total of 50,000 employees working in the area.
History
After much planning for the area in the late 1990s, the 2004 opening of the New York Ave–Florida Ave Metro, now NoMa-Gallaudet U station, sparked development in the neighborhood. By 2016, NoMa had turned a corner and become one of the most up-and-coming neighborhoods in D.C., according to a report in The New York Times. REI opened one of its outdoor supply big box stores in the renovated Washington Coliseum, where the N.B.A.’s Capitols had played in the 1940s. 2020 Census data showed that Ward 6 which includes parts of NoMa, Navy Yard and Southwest, was responsible for a third of D.C.'s 15% population growth over the previous decade.
A longstanding homeless encampment under the K Street underpass was cleared in 2020, with similar encampments under the L Street and M Street underpasses cleared in 2021. Most of the unhoused people agreed to move into apartments as part of a city program. The underpasses had previously been cleared around 100 times, but people returned soon thereafter. The city's removal of the encampments drew criticism after a bulldozer operator accidentally began to clear a tent with a man inside, and who was hospitalized as a result.
Landmarks
NoMa includes several historic structures:
the Woodward & Lothrop Service Warehouse (on the National Register of Historic Places)
the Uline Arena
St. Aloysius Church
Gonzaga College High School
the Government Printing Office building
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
Union Market borders NoMa on the east and has a gourmet food hall, retail non-food stalls and a rooftop with bar, picnic tables and event stage.
Transportation
The area is served by many modes of transportation, including:
Washington Metro Rail, with stations at NoMa-Gallaudet U station and Union Station both on the Red Line
MARC commuter trains to Maryland and West Virginia at Union Station
VRE commuter trains to Virginia at Union Station
Amtrak long-distance trains, and Northeast Corridor trains including Acela, at Union Station
bus, including local (WMATA), suburban, and intercity services
bicycle, including the Metropolitan Branch Trail, bicycle lanes and Capital Bikeshare stations
on foot: according to WalkScore, NoMa received a score of 93, indicating good walkability
Education
Eighteen schools serve the NoMa neighborhood, from pre-K to university.
References
External links
NoMa Business Improvement District
"History of NoMa", NoMa Business Improvement District
2004 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Neighborhoods in Northeast (Washington, D.C.)
Near Northeast (Washington, D.C.)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoMa
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The Magic Box is a 1951 British Technicolor biographical drama film directed by John Boulting. The film stars Robert Donat as William Friese-Greene, with numerous cameo appearances by performers such as Peter Ustinov and Laurence Olivier. It was produced by Ronald Neame and distributed by British Lion Film Corporation.
The film was a project of the Festival of Britain and adapted by Eric Ambler from the controversial biography by Ray Allister.
This biographical drama gives an account of William Friese-Greene, who designed and patented one of the earliest working cinematic cameras. Told in flashback, the film follows Friese-Greene's obsessional pursuit of recording the "moving image", to the neglect of his financial situation, and the problems this causes in his two marriages.
Plot
The first section of the film is told from the perspective of Mrs Friese-Green telling the story of how she met Willie to a friend. They marry and have four sons but are in constant financial difficulties due to his experiments to create colour film. The three oldest boys lie about their age in order to enlist in the army in the First World War. His wife leaves him due to the stress.
Coming out of her flashback, back in 1921, William Friese-Greene, is still in dire financial straits, he attends a film conference in London. He is saddened that all those attending are businessmen interested only in moneymaking. He attempts to speak, but no-one is interested and he sits down. He thinks back to his early pioneering days and a longer flashback begins.
Young "Willie" works as an assistant to photographer Maurice Guttenberg, who will not let him take portraits his way. After an argument with Guttenberg he leaves and, with his new wife, a client of his former employer, he opens a studio. After a slow start, he does well and opens other studios, but he is more interested in developing moving pictures and colour films.
He goes to visit Fox Talbot on the same day he is meant to sing a solo within a choir with his wife. He forgets to go and she has to sing his part, but he is delighted with his meeting with Talbot. They move to London. Although he is a successful photographer he sidetracks this profitable work for his costly experiments in creating celluloid film. He is in partnership with Mr Collings who initially has faith in him but as a businessman is eventually forced to break the partnership. He mortgages his house to raise money.
One Sunday he lies to his wife and excuses himself from church and instead meets a relative and his son in Hyde Park. He films them approaching on his new camera and tripod and asks them to help carry the tripod to the parade. At night he starts to develop the first film. He waits patiently. The clock strikes 3 a.m. The film develops and he puts it in his projector, hardly daring to look. We see the flicker of light on his face.
Excited, he rushes out and drags in a passing policeman (Laurence Olivier credited as Larry Oliver), he says "it is almost as if he was alive". The policeman gets worried and draws his truncheon. He asks the policeman to witness the success of the film. The policeman is dumbfounded, not quite comprehending what he has just seen. Willie explains he is seeing eight pictures per second and it looks like movement.
He tells his wife they will be millionaires. Instead we see him in the bankruptcy court. His wife collapses in a side office. The doctor says she has a heart condition and recommends a year in bed. She tears up the list of expensive medicines on her journey home. She tells Willie she has sold jewellery to allow him to rent a new studio. It is his birthday, he has forgotten, but she gives him a prism as a present and he is delighted. The story then ends flashback.
Back at the conference, Friese-Greene again stands up to speak, clutching a reel of film. He states how film has become a "universal language" but becomes incoherent and is forced to sit down. He collapses. A doctor is called, but it is too late. Examining the contents of his pockets in an attempt to identify him, the doctor comments that all the money he could find was just enough for a ticket to the cinema.
Cast
Cameos
Production
Half the budget was provided by the National Film Finance Corporation (NFFC). The film was made by Festival Film Productions, a semi co operative to which all major British film companies contributed their services either free or on a reduced rate basis.
Release and reception
The film was completed and shown just before the end of the 1951 Festival of Britain, but it did not enter general release until 1952.
In The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote: "it seems to have no ground beneath it—no association with historic events—and it turns out to be, in large measure, just a handsome exercise in pathos and sentiment. That doesn't say, however, that it is not expertly done and that it doesn't deserve the attention of all who are interested in the craft of the screen. In the principal role, Robert Donat does a superlative job of conveying both the vigor of a young man and the fragile dignity of old age—a role highly reminiscent of his unforgettable 'Mr. Chips'. As his two wives, Margaret Johnston and Maria are excellent, and a host of the best British performers are all fine in smaller roles. An idea of the extravagance may be had in the fact that the distinguished Laurence Olivier plays a policeman "bit." While Eric Ambler's script, based on a biography of Friese-Greene by Ray Allister, is understandably vague and extended, it is quaintly eventful and literate, and John Boulting's direction is finished and polished to the nines. Excellent color (by Technicolor) and superb setting and costuming all around add to the lustre of a picture that has everything but a major theme."
Box office
The film was a major financial failure.
Nominations
The film was nominated for two BAFTA Awards in 1952—BAFTA Award for Best Film and BAFTA Award for Best British Film.
References
Further reading
External links
William Friese-Greene & Me – Research on William Friese-Greene
1951 films
1950s biographical drama films
1950s historical drama films
British historical drama films
British biographical drama films
British black-and-white films
1950s English-language films
Films about filmmaking
Films about technology
Films set in the 1870s
Films set in the 1880s
Films set in the 1890s
Films set in the 1900s
Films set in the 1910s
Films set in 1921
Films shot at Associated British Studios
Films directed by John Boulting
Films produced by Ronald Neame
Films scored by William Alwyn
1951 drama films
1950s British films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magic%20Box
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Cao Song (died 193), courtesy name Jugao, was an official who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was the foster son of the eunuch Cao Teng and the father of the warlord Cao Cao, who rose to prominence in the final years of Eastern Han and laid the foundation of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. Cao Song was posthumously honoured as "Emperor Tai" ("Grand Emperor") by his grandson Cao Pi in 220 when the latter ended the Han dynasty and founded the Cao Wei regime.
Career
Cao Song was known to be honest, sincere and of good moral conduct. He served as the Colonel-Director of Retainers () in the Han imperial court. During the reign of Emperor Ling, he served consecutively as the Minister of Finance () and Minister Herald () before replacing Cui Lie (崔烈) as the Grand Commandant (). However, it was alleged that Cao Song obtained the post of Grand Commandant by bribing eunuchs, who were deeply trusted by the emperor. Another account stated that Cao Song purchased those official posts because Emperor Ling introduced a practice of selling political offices for money.
Death
Around 193, Cao Song retired and returned to his hometown in Qiao County (譙縣; present-day Bozhou, Anhui). Along the way, he was murdered while passing through Langya State (琅玡國; present-day Linyi, Shandong) in Xu Province. At the same time, Cao Song's eldest son, the warlord Cao Cao, had established a base in Yan Province (covering present-day southwestern Shandong and eastern Henan).
There are three different accounts of Cao Song's death:
An account from Wei Zhao's Wu Shu () stated that Cao Song had with him more than 100 carts full of his personal belongings. Tao Qian sent one of his officers, Zhang Kai (), and 200 horsemen to escort Cao Song and his family to Yan Province. At Hua County, Zhang Kai murdered Cao Song, seized his riches and fled to Huainan.
The Houhanshu wrote that Cao Song was travelling to Langya Commandery to evade chaos. Along the way, he passed by Yinping County (陰平縣; southwest of present-day Zaozhuang, Shandong), where Tao Qian had garrisoned some troops. Tempted by greed, Tao Qian's men killed Cao Song and seized his wealth.
The Shiyu () mentioned that Cao Song was in Hua County (華縣; north of present-day Fei County, Shandong) at the time. Cao Cao ordered Ying Shao, the Administrator of Taishan Commandery (泰山郡; east of present-day Tai'an, Shandong), to escort his father and family to Yan Province. However, before Ying Shao's men arrived, Xu Province's governor Tao Qian secretly sent a few thousand riders to attack Cao Song and his family. Cao Song thought that Ying Shao had come to receive him, so he was unprepared and completely taken by surprise. Tao Qian's men killed Cao De (), one of Cao Song's sons. Cao Song became afraid and brought one of his concubines with him as they tried to squeeze through a crack in a wall to escape. However, Cao Song's concubine was too fat and could not squeeze through, so they hid in the latrine. Tao Qian's men found them eventually and killed Cao Song and all his family members who were with him at the time.
All the accounts agree that Cao Cao held Tao Qian responsible for the murder of his father regardless of the degree of Tao Qian's involvement in the incident. This led to Cao Cao launching an invasion on Xu Province between 193 and 194 to punish Tao Qian for his role in Cao Song's death.
Posthumous honour
In 220, Cao Cao's son and successor, Cao Pi, ended the Eastern Han dynasty and established the state of Cao Wei, marking the start of the Three Kingdoms period. Cao Pi granted his grandfather the posthumous title "Emperor Tai" ("Grand Emperor").
Family background
Cao Song's family background is a mystery. Chen Shou wrote in the Sanguozhi that Cao Song's origin could not be determined. The Cao Man Zhuan () and the Shiyu (), two sources used by Pei Songzhi in his annotations to the Sanguozhi, mentioned that Cao Song's original family name was Xiahou () and that he was an uncle of Xiahou Dun. Therefore, Cao Cao and Xiahou Dun were cousins.
The Qing dynasty scholar He Zhuo (何焯; 1661–1722) refuted the claim in the Cao Man Zhuan and Shiyu that Cao Song was from the Xiahou clan and dismissed it as a rumour started by people from Eastern Wu, a state founded by Cao Cao's rival, Sun Quan. This was because Xiahou Dun's son Xiahou Mao married Cao Cao's daughter Princess Qinghe (), and Xiahou Yuan's son Xiahou Heng () married Cao Cao's niece, so the Xiahous and Caos could not have shared the same lineage.
On the other hand, the Qing dynasty historians Pan Mei (潘眉; 1771–1841) and Lin Guozan () believed it was true that Cao Song was a Xiahou, as evident from the fact that Chen Shou placed the biographies of Xiahou Dun, Xiahou Yuan, Xiahou Shang, Cao Ren, Cao Hong, Cao Xiu, Cao Zhen in the same volume (volume 9) in the Sanguozhi.
Li Jingxing (李景星; 1876–1934), a scholar who lived in the late Qing dynasty, speculated that when Chen Shou wrote that Cao Song's origin could not be determined, his intention was to expose a scandal behind Cao Cao's family background.
Wu Jinhua (), a history professor from Fudan University, believed that Chen Shou employed a writing technique to distort facts when he wrote that Cao Song's origin could not be determined. Wu consolidated all the earlier differing viewpoints and pointed out three pieces of evidence to prove that Cao Song was from the Xiahou family:
The Weilüe recorded a letter written by Sun Quan to the Wei official Hao Zhou () sometime between 220 and 222, when Sun was nominally a vassal of the Wei regime. The letter mentioned that Hao Zhou suggested that Sun Quan's son could establish marital ties with the Cao family in the same way as how the Caos and Xiahous were connected by marriages. This proved that the claim that Cao Song was a Xiahou was not a rumour spread by people from Wu because a person from Wei already spoke of it sometime between 220 and 222.
The Wei Shu () mentioned that when Xiahou Dun died, Cao Pi dressed in plain clothing and mourned at the eastern gate of Ye (in present-day Handan, Hebei). The Eastern Jin dynasty historian Sun Sheng commented that it was still within traditions for an emperor to mourn his kinsmen outside of an ancestral temple, and that Cao Pi had clearly lost his composure when he cried for Xiahou Dun at the city gate. As Sun Sheng lived during the Eastern Jin dynasty (317–420), not long after the Three Kingdoms period ended in 280, his remark gave an impression that the people in his time were already aware that Cao Song was from the Xiahou clan.
Between 1974 and 1979, parts of a tombstone from Cao Cao's family ancestral tomb were unearthed in Bozhou, Anhui (the ancestral home of Cao Cao's clan). The Chinese characters "xia hou you" () were inscribed on it.
The late Qing dynasty writer Zhou Shouchang (周壽昌; 1814–1884) explained in Sanguozhi Zhu Zheng Yi () about the inter-clan marriages between the Caos and Xiahous. He cited Chen Jiao (陳矯) as an example – Chen Jiao's original family name was "Liu" (). He was raised by his uncle (his paternal aunt's husband), whose family name was "Chen" (), and adopted "Chen" as his family name. Chen Jiao later married the daughter of Liu Song (), a close relative. Cao Cao appreciated Chen Jiao's talent and wanted to protect Chen's reputation, so he gave an order forbidding any dissent about Chen's personal life. Zhou Shouchang felt that when Cao Cao banned people from speaking against marriages between those who share the same family name, he was actually making it convenient to cover up his own family background.
Wu Jinhua also pointed out that in the late Han dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, it was not uncommon to find married couples who shared the same family name. For example, one of Cao Cao's foster sons, He Yan, married Cao's daughter Princess Jinxiang (), who was possibly his half-sister (born to the same mother), even though the identity of the princess's mother is not confirmed. Wu Jinhua mentioned that a person will have no doubts that Cao Song was from the Xiahou clan as long as he/she understands that inter-clan marriages were not unusual in that era.
Others such as history professors Zhu Ziyan () and Han Sheng () argue that the accounts from the Cao Man Zhuan and Shiyu are not reliable, and the fact that Xiahou Mao, Xiahou Heng and Xiahou Shang married women from Cao Cao's clan proved that Cao Song was not a Xiahou.
See also
Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms
Cao Wei family trees#Cao Song
Notes
References
Chen Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
Fan Ye (5th century). Book of the Later Han (Houhanshu).
Pei Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
Year of birth unknown
193 deaths
2nd-century births
Family of Cao Cao
Politicians from Bozhou
Han dynasty government officials
Assassinated Chinese politicians
Ancient assassinated Chinese people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao%20Song
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Richard Brush (born 26 November 1984) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Irish side Sligo Rovers in the League of Ireland Premier Division.
Club career
Early career (2003–2006)
Brush started his career with Coventry City where after one year as an apprentice, he signed a three-year professional contract. Whilst at the club went out on loan to Tamworth in November 2003 with his loan spell being extended into a second, and then a third month. His time at Coventry included a wrist injury, which led to him missing an entire season. He moved to a month by month contract in June 2005, before parting ways with Coventry at the end of August 2005 when his contract expired.
He joined Shrewsbury Town, where he served as backup to a young Joe Hart. He played for the club's reserves and remained with the club, still without a contract.
In September 2005 he played for Stafford Rangers and in November 2005 he turned out for Hednesford Town making four appearances including making his debut in an FA Cup first round match against Histon.
He left Shrewsbury in January 2006. and next joined Nuneaton Borough
Sligo Rovers
First spell (2006–2011)
Brush's next move was to League of Ireland club Sligo Rovers where he made his League of Ireland debut against Shelbourne on 28 July 2006. He stayed with the club until 2011.
At Sligo, he broke his wrist.
Second spell (2012–2013)
Brush returned to Sligo in January 2012.
Third spell (2014–2016)
Brush signed back for the third time for the 2014 season. These were difficult seasons for Sligo as their golden period was ending, despite a Setanta Cup win in 2014. At the end of the 2015 campaign, Brush departed the club again.
Fourth spell (2021–present)
On 1 February 2021, Brush signed again for Sligo Rovers.
Shamrock Rovers
First spell (2011–2012)
Brush was signed by Shamrock Rovers on 21 July 2011. He made his Rovers debut on 3 September 2011 against Dundalk helping them to a 2–1 victory.
He made two appearances in the 2011–12 UEFA Europa League as Rovers became the first Irish side to reach a European competition group stage.
Second spell (2013–2014)
Brush signed back for The Hoops in December 2012.
Finn Harps (2016–2017)
In January 2016, Brush started training with newly promoted Finn Harps with a view to signing for the 2016 season. After joining the Ballybofey-based club, he made 19 league appearances.
Ballinamallard United (2017–2018)
In January 2017, Brush signed for Ballinamallard United on a free transfer taking the shirt number 30. He made his first appearance in the Irish Cup against Warrenpoint Town.
Cliftonville (2018–2021)
Brush signed for Cliftonville in July 2018, and played his first official match for the side on 4 August 2018 in a 2–1 win against Glentoran at the Oval.
Personal life
In November 2018, he suffered a stroke while driving.
Honours
Sligo Rovers
League of Ireland Premier Division (1): 2012
FAI Cup (1): 2010
League of Ireland Cup (1): 2010
Setanta Sports Cup (1): 2014
Shamrock Rovers
League of Ireland Premier Division (1): 2011
League of Ireland Cup (1): 2013
Setanta Sports Cup (1): 2013
References
External links
Living people
1984 births
English men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Coventry City F.C. players
Tamworth F.C. players
Stafford Rangers F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Sligo Rovers F.C. players
Shamrock Rovers F.C. players
League of Ireland players
National League (English football) players
Expatriate men's association footballers in the Republic of Ireland
Nuneaton Borough F.C. players
Footballers from Birmingham, West Midlands
Hednesford Town F.C. players
Finn Harps F.C. players
Ballinamallard United F.C. players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Brush
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Charlotta Eva Schelin (born 27 February 1984) is a Swedish former professional footballer who most recently played as a striker for FC Rosengård of the Damallsvenskan. She made her debut for the Sweden national team in March 2004 and was appointed joint captain alongside Caroline Seger in October 2012. Schelin has represented her country in the 2005, 2009, 2013, and 2017 editions of the UEFA Women's Championship, as well as the 2007, 2011, and 2015 FIFA Women's World Cups. She also played at the Olympic football tournaments in 2004, 2008, 2012 and 2016.
In October 2014, Schelin became Sweden's all time record goalscorer by scoring her 73rd international goal in a friendly defeat by Germany.
Schelin began her senior club career with Kopparbergs/Göteborg FC (then known as Landvetter FC) in 2001. She developed into a prolific goalscorer in the Damallsvenskan then made a lucrative transfer to Lyon in 2008, rejecting a competing offer from the American Women's Professional Soccer league. During her eight-season stay at Lyon, she won eight consecutive Division 1 Féminine titles, five Coupes de France Féminine, three UEFA Women's Champions Leagues and was the top goalscorer in the 2012–13 and 2014–15 Division 1 Féminine seasons. In 2013, she became the first foreign UNFP Player of the Year. In 2016, she returned to Swedish football with FC Rosengård, departing Lyon as the French club's all time record goalscorer with 225 goals in 225 appearances. She has been awarded Diamantbollen (the Diamond Ball), given to the Swedish player of the year, a record five times, including four consecutive times from 2011 to 2014.
On 30 August 2018, she announced her retirement due to chronic head and neck pain resulting from an injury suffered while playing for FC Rosengård in 2017.
Early life
Although Schelin was born in Stockholm, her family moved away from the capital when she was two years old. With her father Kjell and mother Nina, she grew up in Kållered outside Gothenburg and began to play football for Kållereds SK along with her older sister, Camilla. She has also played for Hällesåkers IF and Mölnlycke IF. Schelin was also adept at sports including table-tennis, track and field, and snowboarding before opting to focus on football full-time. As a teenager, she developed problems with her spine and was advised to stop playing the sport. Schelin went through intensive strength training and recovered by the time she turned 17. She credited her sister and former teammate Camilla and Tina Nordlund as important role models for her.
Club career
Göteborg FC
In 2001, when she was 17 years old, Schelin made her debut in the Damallsvenskan for Landvetter FC, now known as Göteborg FC. Her debut season yielded eight goals in 19 appearances. After an injury in August 2002, she was out of the league for almost a year and a half, returning in June 2003. In 2004 Schelin was named Breakthrough Player of the Year after netting 14 goals in 15 games for Göteborg. In 2006, Schelin scored 21 goals in 21 league games. At the end of season Fotbollsgalan, she was named Forward of the Year, Player of the Year and Top Goalscorer. She was also shortlisted for the 2006 FIFA World Player of the Year and was recognised by Swedish referees with a special award for her sporting treatment of opponents and officials. In 2007, she retained her top scorer title by scoring 26 league goals. Despite persistent interest from leading Damallsvenskan clubs including Umeå IK and Linköpings FC, Schelin opted to stay at her hometown team. She ultimately played in over 120 league matches with Göteborg, establishing herself as one of the club's most prominent players.
Lyon
After the re-branding and re-launch of the new United States-based league, Women's Professional Soccer (WPS), Schelin declared that she would be interested in playing in the league. However, after the 2008 Summer Olympics, Schelin announced that she would instead be joining Division 1 Féminine club Olympique Lyonnais in France. Upon signing her contract, it was reported by Göteborgs-Posten that Schelin would be earning over 1 million kr (US$160,000) per year. The move to France was criticised in Sweden, as, although Lyon were a well-resourced club, the overall standard of the Division 1 Féminine was considered much weaker than the Damallsvenskan. On 24 September 2008, Schelin's American transfer rights were drafted by the Saint Louis Athletica in the 2008 WPS International Draft. She declined the chance to join WPS, citing her contract with Lyon as the primary reason. Saint Louis signed Schelin's compatriot Sara Larsson instead.
Schelin arrived in Lyon in poor condition, after a thigh injury disrupted her 2008 spring season with Göteborg and migraines and stomach aches afflicted her at the 2008 Olympic Games. When she told Lyon's coach Farid Benstiti that she could also play on the wing, he shook his head and replied that he had signed her to score goals. Alongside Brazil's Kátia Cilene Teixeira, Schelin formed a productive attack for Lyon as the club defended its French title and reached the 2008–09 UEFA Women's Cup semi-final, where they lost to FCR 2001 Duisburg. The following season, Schelin was afflicted by injuries and was ruled out of Lyon's 2010 UEFA Women's Champions League Final defeat by Turbine Potsdam with ligament damage.
Schelin did play in the 2011 final, as Lyon avenged the previous year's defeat to beat Turbine Potsdam 2–0 at Craven Cottage and secure their first continental title. She had scored nine times on Lyon's route to the final, including twice in the semi-final, to bring about what she termed "the proudest moment" of her career. Lyon won a domestic double in 2011–12 and retained their European title by beating Frankfurt 2–0 in the 2012 final at the Olympic Stadium in Munich. In 2012–13 Schelin was in the best form of her career and finished as Division 1 Féminine top scorer with 24 goals in 16 appearances. She was also named French Player of the Year for the first time, but missed out on a third successive Champions League winner's medal when Lyon lost the final 1–0 to Wolfsburg at Stamford Bridge. In May 2013 she signed a new three-year contract with Lyon, reportedly worth an annual 2 million kr.
In 2013–14 Schelin contributed 12 league goals to another domestic double but Lyon lost to Turbine Potsdam in the Champions League round of 16. Her form had slumped after a breakdown in her working relationship with coach Patrice Lair. She rebounded the following season, scoring Lyon's 1000th Division 1 Féminine goal in a 7–0 home win over Rodez on 16 November 2014. Her second goal in the same match drew her level with Sandrine Brétigny as Lyon's all-time record scorer. She finished 2014–15 as Division 1 Féminine top scorer with 34 goals in 21 games, but Lyon were upset by French rivals Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League round of 16.
Towards the end of another successful season in 2015–16, Lyon announced that Schelin would depart the club at the end of her contract. Her final game for the club was the 2016 UEFA Women's Champions League Final; in which she scored in the penalty shootout win over Wolfsburg. With Lyon Schelin won eight consecutive Division 1 Féminine titles, five Cups and three Champions Leagues. She left as the team's all-time record goalscorer with 225 goals in 225 appearances. Schelin's 41 goals for Lyon in the UEFA Women's Champions League left her fourth in the competition's all-time top scorer list. She held the record for Champions League goals for a single club, since Anja Mittag (49), Conny Pohlers (48) and Marta (46) all accrued their totals with more than one club.
Rosengård
On 8 June 2016, Schelin was presented as a player for Swedish champions FC Rosengård, of Malmö. She rejected an offer to rejoin Göteborg FC because they were unable to offer Champions League football. Schelin made her Rosengård debut slightly earlier than expected, substituting in for the injured Nataša Andonova after 22 minutes of a league fixture against Djurgårdens. Schelin scored a 90th-minute goal to salvage a 2–2 draw.
International career
In March 2004 Schelin scored twice on her debut for the Swedish under-21 team, in their 6–0 win over the full Republic of Ireland national team in Dublin. She previously scored three goals in six appearances for Sweden's under-16 team and two goals in seven appearances for the under-18s.
Schelin made her senior national team debut for Sweden on 16 March 2004; a 3–0 Algarve Cup defeat by France. In the fifth place play-off against China, Schelin was praised for scoring in Sweden's penalty shootout win after a 1–1 draw. She had been called into the squad as a replacement for Sara Johansson who had flu. Schelin retained her place and represented her nation at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Throughout this period, Schelin endured injuries to the groin and hamstring, which required extensive rest. She was selected by coach Marika Domanski-Lyfors for UEFA Women's Euro 2005 in North West England. She entered play as a second-half substitute but failed to score as Sweden lost 3–2 to rivals Norway in extra time of the semi-final in Warrington.
Schelin was a key player in the 2006 edition of the Algarve Cup; leading Sweden to their third-place finish. She scored the only goal in the bronze medal victory over France. After overcoming her injury problems, Schelin was awarded the Diamond Ball as the country's best female football player. That same year, she was named the Forward of the Year in the Damallsvenskan. Schelin's success brought her to mainstream attention in her country and she was rewarded with selection to attend the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup draw in China on behalf of Sweden.
At the World Cup in China, Schelin scored two goals in three matches (one start) but Sweden unexpectedly failed to progress out of their group. After that failure some experienced players retired and coach Thomas Dennerby gave Schelin and other younger players a more prominent role in the team. Back in China the following year for the 2008 Beijing Olympics, she contributed three goals in four games but the Swedes lost 2–0 to Germany in the quarter-final.
Schelin helped Sweden to a bronze medal position at the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup in Germany and was named in the All-Star Team. She featured in Sweden's 3–1 semi-final defeat to eventual winners Japan in Frankfurt. Sweden secured third place by beating France 2–1 in Sinsheim, Schelin scoring her second goal of the tournament. Third place also ensured Sweden's qualification for the 2012 Olympic football tournament in London. Dennerby kept Schelin in Sweden's Olympic squad for London, where they lost to France in the quarter-finals. Schelin scored twice in four matches but felt Dennerby's emphasis on defence had left her isolated in Sweden's attack.
In October 2012, new national team coach Pia Sundhage decided that Schelin and Caroline Seger would share the captaincy. Sundhage named Schelin in the squad for UEFA Women's Euro 2013, which Sweden hosted. Schelin finished as the tournament top scorer with five goals but was disappointed when Sweden lost 1–0 to Germany in the semi-final. She criticised the decision of Swiss referee Esther Staubli, who disallowed her equalising goal for a very questionable foul on Germany's centre-back Annike Krahn. Schelin's goal against Germany in October 2014's 2–1 home friendly defeat was her 73rd goal for Sweden, which broke the national record previously set by Hanna Ljungberg.
Schelin arrived at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup suffering from persistent knee pain. In Sweden's opening game she was unable to make any impression on Nigeria's defence, as the Africans recovered from 3–1 down to draw 3–3. In the team's 4–1 second round loss to Germany, goalkeeper Hedvig Lindahl made several saves to prevent an even heavier defeat for the disorganised Swedes.
With 165 caps and 84 goals, Schelin was the most experienced member of Sweden's 18-player squad for the 2016 Summer Olympics. When the team suffered a record 5–1 defeat by hosts Brazil in the second match, Schelin scored the late consolation goal and tried to lift the spirits of her demoralised teammates. In the quarter-final against the United States, captain Schelin had an extra-time goal incorrectly ruled out for offside and the match finished 1–1. She scored in Sweden's penalty shootout win. Sweden reached the gold medal match, but lost 2–1 to Germany. Schelin was disappointed by the defeat but proud to win a silver medal.
Matches and goals scored at World Cup & Olympic tournaments
Matches and goals scored at European Championship tournaments
International goals
Style of play
In June 2015 Schelin described herself as "not a typical center-forward" as she likes to drop deep or go wide in order to find space: "I always think of the collective because the danger can come from all players. Even if I do not score, I pass, I run to attract defenders. In the end, I want to win." She attributes her unselfish play to her upbringing in communal Swedish culture. After moving to Lyon, her instinct to pass to better-placed teammates annoyed her coach Farid Benstiti, who wanted her to concentrate on converting chances herself. Sweden's former coach Thomas Dennerby felt that Schelin became more comfortable on the ball after moving to Lyon, but retained her pace and ability in one-on-one situations.
Schelin is capable of playing as a winger. But when Dennerby deployed her wide in the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup, her Göteborg coach Martin Pringle called for her to be given a more central role: "she is too good a player to play out there". China's coach Shang Ruihua highlighted Schelin as Sweden's best player ahead of the countries' opening match at the 2008 Summer Olympics: "Schelin has fast pace and excellent technique, and few defenders could keep up with her." Although tall and slender, she is also physically strong; England captain Steph Houghton rated Schelin as the "toughest opponent" of her career.
As a tall, skilful and prolific Swedish forward, Schelin has frequently drawn comparison with the contemporary male footballer Zlatan Ibrahimović. Former Denmark national team manager Peter Bonde branded Schelin "the female Zlatan" in 2005. In December 2013, Ibrahimović made an outspoken rejection of any comparison: "I was asked [by Swedish media] in the summer who was the better player, me or Lotta Schelin. You're kidding me, right? When I've broken all these records, this goal record, the goals in the national team, who shall I compare it to? Shall I compare it to whoever has the record, or the ladies?" Schelin's national team coach Pia Sundhage described his comments as sad and boring. Johanna Frändén, a journalist specialising in coverage of Ibrahimović, noted Schelin's contrasting temperament: "She is polite, charming, she does not have the same arrogance".
Personal life
Schelin came out publicly as a lesbian in August 2018. She has been married to her wife Rebecca since 2018.
Statistics
Club
Updated 21 May 2018
Honours
Club
Lyon
Division 1 Féminine: Winner 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16
Coupe de France Féminine: Winner 2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16
UEFA Women's Champions League: Winner 2010–11, 2011–12, 2015–16
International Women's Club Championship: Winner 2012
Valais Women's Cup: Winner 2014
FC Rosengård
Svenska Cupen: Winner 2016
Country
Sweden
2007 FIFA Women's World Cup: Group stage
2011 FIFA Women's World Cup: Third place
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup: Round of 16
2004 Summer Olympics in Athens: Fourth place
2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing: Quarter-final
2012 Summer Olympics in London: Quarter-final
2016 Summer Olympics in Rio: Runner-up
UEFA Women's Euro 2005: Semi-finals
UEFA Women's Euro 2009: Quarter-final
UEFA Women's Euro 2013: Semi-finals
UEFA Women's Euro 2017: Quarter-final
Algarve Cup (Participated from 2004 to 2015): Winner 2009
Sweden U19
UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship: Group stage 2002
Sweden U17
Nordic Cup: Runner-up 2001
Individual
2004: Sweden Breakthrough Player of the Year
2006: Diamantbollen Winner, Forward of the Year, Won the Swedish Premier Division, MVP of Kopparbergs/Göteborg FC.
2006: Topscorer in Damallsvenskan
2007: Topscorer in Damallsvenskan
2011: FIFA Women's World Cup All Star Team
2011: Diamantbollen Winner, Forward of the Year
2012: Diamantbollen Winner
2013: Best player in France
2013: Topscorer in Division 1 Féminine
2013: Golden Boot UEFA Women's European Championship
2013: UEFA Women's European Championship All Star Team
2013: UEFA Best Women's Player in Europe Award Third place
2013: Diamantbollen Winner, Forward of the Year
2014: Diamantbollen Winner, Forward of the Year
2015: Topscorer in Division 1 Féminine
All-Time Top Scorer Sweden women's national football team with 88 goals.
In popular culture
Television and film
Schelin featured in the Sveriges Television documentary television series The Other Sport from 2013.
In 2021 Schelin participated in the Swedish version of the South Korean game show Masked Singer as Jokern (The Joker).
References
Match reports
External links
(archive 1, archive 2)
(archive 1, archive 2)
Player French football stats at statsfootofeminin.fr
Profile at Olympique Lyonnais
pre-2004 Olympic tournament interview with Lotta Schelin at SVT's open archive
1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Stockholm
Footballers from Gothenburg
Swedish women's footballers
Women's association football forwards
BK Häcken FF players
Olympique Lyonnais Féminin players
FC Rosengård players
Damallsvenskan players
Division 1 Féminine players
Olympic footballers for Sweden
Sweden women's international footballers
Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
2007 FIFA Women's World Cup players
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
2011 FIFA Women's World Cup players
Footballers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup players
Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
FIFA Women's Century Club
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Sweden
Olympic medalists in football
Swedish expatriate women's footballers
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate women's footballers in France
Lesbian sportswomen
Swedish LGBT footballers
Swedish lesbians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotta%20Schelin
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Robert Henry Adams (December 14, 1921 – February 13, 1997) was an American professional baseball third baseman and second baseman. He played in Major League Baseball from 1946 through 1959 for the Cincinnati Reds / Redlegs, Chicago White Sox, Baltimore Orioles and Chicago Cubs. He batted and threw right-handed, stood at tall and weighed . He was born in Tuolumne County, California.
In a 14-season career, Adams posted a .269 batting average with 37 home runs and 303 RBI in 1281 games played.
Adams started his Major League career in 1946 with Cincinnati as their regular second baseman. Despite his infield background, the next five years he served mostly as a backup for Grady Hatton (3B) and Connie Ryan (2B). Finally, Adams became the regular third baseman for Cincinnati in 1951. His most productive season came in , when he led the National League in singles (152), at-bats (637) and games (154), while batting .283 with career-numbers in hits (180) and doubles (25). He also was considered in National League MVP voting.
In the 1955 midseason, Adams was purchased by the Chicago White Sox. Traded to the Baltimore Orioles before 1956, he also played for the Chicago Cubs from 1957 to 1959, helping young infielders improve their play.
Following his playing career, Adams continued as a coach with the Cubs and was a member of the team's experimental College of Coaches. In 1966, the organization named him club president of the Triple-A Tacoma Cubs of the Pacific Coast League. But Adams’ six-year tenure in Tacoma ended after the 1971 season, when Chicago moved its Triple-A affiliate to Wichita, Kansas. After that, he again coached for the Cubs, in 1973, then retired from baseball.
Bobby Adams died in Gig Harbor, Washington, at age 75.
Facts
Adams hit a leadoff homerun against Robin Roberts that end up being the only hit the Cincinnati Redlegs get in the 8–1 loss on May 13, 1954
Brother of 1B Dick Adams and father of OF Mike Adams.
See also
List of second generation MLB players
External links
Bobby Adams at The Deadball Era
1921 births
1997 deaths
Baseball players from California
Major League Baseball second basemen
Major League Baseball third basemen
Cincinnati Reds players
Cincinnati Redlegs players
Chicago White Sox players
Baltimore Orioles players
Ogden Reds players
Columbia Reds players
San Antonio Missions managers
Seattle Rainiers players
Portland Beavers players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Miami Marlins (International League) players
San Antonio Missions players
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago Cubs coaches
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
People from Tuolumne County, California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby%20Adams
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Adnan Farooq Ahmed (Urdu: ; born 7 June 1984) is a former footballer who played as a midfielder. Born in England, he represented the Pakistan national team. He had an 11-year career in football, including a six-year international career in which he scored four goals and won 27 caps.
Starting his career at Huddersfield Town in 2003, after three years he transferred to Tranmere Rovers. After a two-year spell which included loans to Mansfield Town and Port Vale, he signed with Hungarian club Ferencvárosi TC in 2009. A year later he moved to Iran to spend a brief period at Aboumoslem. He returned to England, and in October 2011 joined Bradford Park Avenue. He switched to Nelson in May 2012 and returned to Nelson after a brief spell with Droylsden in 2013. He helped Nelson to win the North West Counties League Division One title in 2013–14.
Early life
Ahmed was born in Burnley and lived in Barnoldswick, Lancashire during his early life, attending Moorland School in Clitheroe. Ahmed is a British Asian of Pakistani descent.
Club career
Huddersfield Town
Initially part of Bury youth academy, as well as a two-year stint at Manchester United Academy afterwards, Ahmed chose to join Huddersfield Town where he turned professional. Despite making a few appearances for the club in league and cup competitions since turning professional, Ahmed's career has been hampered by persistent injury troubles. Ahmed has the unfortunate distinction of being the very first player to be sent off at the Keepmoat Stadium, the new home of Doncaster Rovers. He was shown the red card for a two footed challenge on Rovers' Mark McCammon, the scorer of the very first goal in the stadium during Huddersfield's 3–0 defeat on 1 January 2007.
In January 2007, Ahmed went to Lincoln City, who had shown an interest in him, on a one-week trial with Huddersfield manager Peter Jackson saying "It will be a good experience for him and will hopefully make him appreciate what he's got here". However, no deal was done between the clubs and as a result the player returned to Huddersfield. He was released from the club in May 2007.
Tranmere Rovers
On 25 May 2007, it was announced that Ahmed had joined Tranmere Rovers side on a free transfer, becoming manager Ronnie Moore's first summer signing of 2007. He made his debut coming on as a substitute in the second-half at home in a 1–1 draw with Yeovil Town on 1 September 2007. However, competition for places in midfield saw him make just five further appearances during his debut season with the club.
Because of lack any real first team opportunities, Ahmed went on loan to Conference National side Mansfield Town at the end of October 2008, making his first team debut in a 2–0 defeat away to Torquay United on 1 November 2008. He became an instant hit with the Mansfield fans scoring a penalty in the 3–0 win against Salisbury City, also scoring a diving header against Weymouth to set up a 2–1 victory. Following his return to Tranmere, he joined Port Vale on trial. He went on loan to Vale on 21 January 2009. Ahmed opened his account with the "Valiants" by scoring the match winner in a 2–0 win at Macclesfield Town on 25 February 2009. He returned to Tranmere in late March after Vale manager Dean Glover rejected the opportunity to extend his loan, despite impressing fans with his performances.
Ferencváros
In July 2009, having impressed coaching staff during pre-season trial matches at Hungarian team Ferencvárosi TC, Ahmed signed a two-year deal with the team to play in Nemzeti Bajnokság I. He played his first competitive game for the team in a 2–0 win over Diósgyőri VTK in the 2009–10 Hungarian League Cup on 29 July 2009. After one season, he was released from the team having played a total of 20 games in all competitions with 1 goal in a 4–2 win against Kecskeméti TE in the Hungarian League Cup on 23 September 2009.
In July 2010 he went on trial at Scottish Premier League side Aberdeen, but was not offered a contract.
Aboomoslem
In September 2010, after taking part in training sessions and trials, Adnan was given a one-year contract with Mashhad-based Iranian club Aboumoslem for the 2010–11 Azadegan League season. He made his first team debut in a 1–0 home win over Iranjavan Bushehr on 7 October 2010. However, at the start of 2011, Adnan left the side and headed back to England as a free agent after playing just five games for Aboomoslem.
Nelson & Droylsden
Ahmed signed with Northern Premier League Premier Division club Bradford Park Avenue in October 2011. He scored a stoppage time winner on his debut, helping Avenue to defeat Chester 2–1 on 2 November. In May 2012, he joined Nelson in Division One of the North West Counties League. In November 2013, Ahmed rejoined Nelson after a short spell playing for Conference North side Droylsden. He helped the "Admirals" to the Division One title in the 2013–14 season. He made four appearances at the start of the 2014–15 campaign, but did not feature after mid-August.
However, Ahmed re-joined Nelson once again in January 2016. He balanced part-time football with working as operating director of his father's bedroom furniture company.
International career
Ahmed received his first formal call up to the Pakistan national football team for their World Cup 2010 qualification against Iraq on 22 October 2007 in Lahore, where he made his debut in a hefty 7–0 loss, and 28 October 2007 for the return leg in Aleppo, Syria which surprisingly finished goal-less between the two sides, although Iraq went through the next round on aggregate scores. Adnan scored his first goal for Pakistan in a humiliating 7–1 loss against Sri Lanka in the 2008 AFC Challenge Cup qualification.
Ahmed took part in the 2008 SAFF Cup where he scored a goal against arch-rivals India in a disappointing 2–1 loss and ended Pakistan's chances of going past the group stage. Ahmed scored two goals in 2010 AFC Challenge Cup qualification against Taiwan 1–1 draw and against Brunei 6–0 but in end they finished as 2nd and could not qualify for 2010 AFC Challenge Cup. He showed very good performance and skill. Ahmed also took part in the 2009 SAFF Cup hosted by Bangladesh, but it was again disappointment as Pakistan crashed out in the group stages once again; Ahmed playing two games in which he missed a late crucial penalty in the 1–0 loss against Sri Lanka. After missing out on the Pakistan squad for the 2010 Asian Games football tournament, Adnan returned to the senior team for the 2012 AFC Challenge Cup qualification Group B held in Malaysia where he played in all 3 games and starred in midfield despite Pakistan once again disappointing in another qualification tournament.
Career statistics
Club statistics
International
International goals
Scores and results list Pakistan's goal tally first.
Honours
Nelson
North West Counties Football League First Division: 2013–14
See also
British Asians in association football
References
1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Burnley
English people of Pakistani descent
British Asian footballers
English men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Pakistani men's footballers
Pakistani expatriate men's footballers
Pakistan men's international footballers
Pakistani expatriate sportspeople in England
British sportspeople of Pakistani descent
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Hungary
Ferencvárosi TC footballers
Pakistani expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
Expatriate men's footballers in Iran
F.C. Aboomoslem players
Bradford (Park Avenue) A.F.C. players
Nelson F.C. players
Droylsden F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Nemzeti Bajnokság I players
Northern Premier League players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan%20Ahmed
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Tehching (Sam) Hsieh (謝德慶; born 31 December 1950; Nan-Chou, Pingtung County, Taiwan) is a Taiwanese-born performance artist. He has been called a "master" by fellow performance artist Marina Abramović.
Early life
Hsieh was one of 15 children from a family in southern Taiwan. He dropped out from high school and started creating paintings; he went on to create several performance pieces after finishing his three years of compulsory military service in Taiwan. In 1974, he jumped ship onto a pier on the Delaware River, near Philadelphia, and made his way to New York City, working as a dishwasher and cleaner during his first four years there.
Career
From 1978 to 1986, Hsieh accomplished five One Year Performances; from 1986 to 1999, he worked on what he called his "Thirteen-Year Plan". On 1 January 2000, in his report to the public, he announced that he had "kept himself alive". He has stopped making art since then.
In 2008, MIT Press published Out of Now, The Lifeworks of Tehching Hsieh by Adrian Heathfield and Hsieh – a monograph with documentation, essays by academics and artists and an extended conversation. The year after its release, he told the New York Times, "Because of this book I can die tomorrow."
The next year, the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York exhibited a collection documenting his work. The exhibition, titled "Performance 1: Tehching Hsieh" and organized by Klaus Biesenbach, was the inaugural installation in a series of original performance pieces at the museum. Positively reviewed by the New York Times, the show led to a larger recognition of Hsieh's work. The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York also showed one of his works the same year as part of its retrospective exhibition, "The Third Mind: American Artists Contemplate Asia: 1860–1989."
Curated by Adrian Heathfield, Taiwan's Pavilion at the 57th Venice Biennale in 2017 featured Hsieh's work in an exhibition titled "Doing Time".
Early works
Jump Piece
In 1973, Hsieh documented himself jumping out of a second-story window in Taiwan, and breaking both of his ankles on the concrete.
Durational works
He is most known for six durational performance pieces completed between 1978 and 2000.
One Year Performance 1978–1979 (Cage Piece)
In this performance, which lasted from 29 September 1978 through 30 September 1979, the artist locked himself in an wooden cage, furnished only with a wash basin, lights, a pail, and a single bed. During the year, he did not allow himself to talk, to read, to write, or to listen to radio and TV. A lawyer, Robert Projansky, notarized the entire process and made sure the artist never left the cage during that one year. His loftmate Cheng Wei Kuong came daily to deliver food, remove the artist's waste, and take a single photograph to document the project. In addition, this performance was open to be viewed once or twice a month from 11am to 5pm.
One Year Performance 1980–1981 (Time Clock Piece)
For one year, from 11 April 1980 through 11 April 1981, Hsieh punched a time clock every hour on the hour. Each time he punched the clock, he took a single picture of himself, which together yield a 6-minute movie. He shaved his head before the piece, so his growing hair reflects the passage of time.
Documentation of this piece was exhibited at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 2009, using film, punch cards and photographs.
This work was the first of Hsieh's ever to be displayed in the UK at the Liverpool Biennial in 2010.
During the summer of 2017, this piece was displayed at the Tate Modern Art gallery in London.
In his 2013 list of the greatest performance art works, Dale Eisinger of Complex wrote that One Year Performance 1980–1981 (Time Clock Piece) "is thought to have bridged a gap between industry and art in a way particular to the individual that Warhol's grand factory pieces couldn't achieve."
One Year Performance 1981–1982 (Outdoor Piece)
In his third one-year performance piece, from 26 September 1981 through 26 September 1982, Hsieh spent one year outside. He did not enter buildings or shelter of any sort, including cars, trains, airplanes, boats, or tents, with one exception: he was arrested and brought into the police station for a total of 15 hours. It came after he wielded nunchucks in self defense during a street altercation. He spent the year moving around New York City with a backpack and a sleeping bag.
Art / Life: One Year Performance 1983–1984 (Rope Piece)
In this performance, Hsieh and Linda Montano spent one year between 4 July 1983 and 4 July 1984 tied to each other with an rope. They had to stay in the same room when inside, but were not allowed to touch each other until the end of the one-year period. Both shaved their hair in the beginning of the year, and the performance was notarized initially by Paul Grassfield and later by Pauline Oliveros.
One Year Performance 1985–1986 (No Art Piece)
For one year, Hsieh unaffiliated himself with art in any way possible: he did not create any art, didn't talk about art, didn't look at anything related to art, didn't read any books about art, and did not enter any art museum or gallery.
Tehching Hsieh 1986–1999 (Thirteen Year Plan)
At the beginning of this epic piece, Hsieh declared, "Will make Art during this time. Will not show it publicly."
This plan began on his 36th birthday, 31 December 1986, and lasted until his 49th birthday, 31 December 1999.
At the end, on 1 January 2000 he issued his concluding report, "I kept myself alive. I passed the December 31st, 1999." The report consisted of cutout letters pasted onto a single sheet of paper.
Philosophy
His pieces are not feats of stamina nor consciously motivated by a desire to suffer (although they have been described as ordeals), but rather are explorations of time and of struggle. According to the American cultural critic Steven Shaviro, Hsieh's work can be seen as being about imprisonment, solitude, work, time, homelessness, exposure, marriage / human relations, and the way in which art and life are related. The artist himself states his work is about "wasting time and freethinking".
A little after 1999, he declared he was no longer an artist. He has, however, continued to give interviews to an art audience. He has expressed that he likes the work of Praxis (Delia Bajo and Brainard Carey).
Influences on contemporary artists
In 2001, André Éric Létourneau embarked on a 16-year-long art project during which he meets 198 different persons unknown to him and spends a day with each of them, searching for a place to keep a three-minute silence for one of the countries in the world.
In 2014, Benjamin Bennett embarked on a series of live actions broadcast by streaming on the Web named Sitting and Smiling. For each section he stares motionless in front of the camera for a period of four hours, twice a week without pause since the project started. He told Vice magazine that he was inspired by Hsieh's work.
Lisa Hsiao Chen’s 2022 novel, Activities of Daily Living, tells the story of a narrator named Alice working on a project about Hsieh’s work, interspersed with documenting her father’s decreasing faculties and memory loss.
Personal life
Hsieh currently lives in Clinton Hill, Brooklyn. Ai Weiwei is a former landlord and an old friend.
See also
Taiwanese art
References
External links
Tehching Hsieh official website
Video interview in the Art Newspaper with Jean Wainwright, 7 April 2009
Interview with Robert Ayers, April 2009
"Body of Art" audio slideshow on BBC Radio 4
Official website – The Taiwan Pavilion "Doing Time" at the 57th Venice Biennial
Taipei Fine Arts Museum official website – The Taiwan Pavilion "Doing Time" at the 57th Venice Biennial
Asia Art Center
1950 births
Living people
American performance artists
Taiwanese painters
Painters from New York City
People from Pingtung County
Taiwanese emigrants to the United States
20th-century American painters
Taiwanese performance artists
People from Clinton Hill, Brooklyn
21st-century American painters
Endurance artists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehching%20Hsieh
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Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman (), or pronounced Huthaifah or Huzaifah (died in 656), was one of the Sahabah (companion) of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.
Early years in Medina.
At Medina, Hudhayfah became a trusted and great companion of Muhammad, participating in all the military engagements except Badr. He participated in the Battle of Uhud with his father. Before the battle, Muhammad left al-Yaman, Hudhayfah's father, and Thabit ibn Waqsh with the other non-combatants because they were both quite old. As the fighting intensified, al-Yaman and his friend decided that despite their age they did not want to miss the opportunity to participate. They quickly prepared for battle and were soon in the thick of the fighting. Thabit ibn Waqsh was killed at the hands of the mushrikin. The father of Hudhayfah, however, was killed by friendly fire. (Friendly fire is when somebody gets killed by somebody else who is on their side.) As they attacked him, Hudhayfah cried out: "My father! My father! It's my father!"
No one heard him and al-Yaman was killed in error. Grieved as he was, Hudhayfah told his fathers killers:
"May God forgive you for He is the Most Merciful of those who show mercy."
Muhammad wanted diyyah (compensation) to be paid to Hudhayfah for the death of his father but Hudhayfah said: "He was simply seeking shahadah and he attained it. O Lord, bear witness that I donate the compensation for him to the Muslims."
The Hypocrites
Hudhayfah had three qualities which particularly impressed Muhammad: his unique intelligence, quick-wittedness, and his ability to keep a secret even under persistent questioning. A notable policy of Muhammad was to utilize the special strengths of each companion, carefully choosing the right man for the right task. A primary problem the Muslims encountered were hypocrites who had superficially accepted Islam while simultaneously plotting against the Muslim community. Because of Hudhayfah's ability to keep a secret, Muhammad told him the names of the twelve hypocrites, a trust not bestowed upon any other companion.
Hudhayfah was commissioned to watch their movements and follow their activities. The hypocrites, because of their secrecy and intimate knowledge of the developments and plans of the Muslims, presented a greater threat to the community than external enemies. From this time onward, Hudhayfah was called The Keeper of the Secret of the Messenger of Allah, remaining faithful to his pledge of secrecy.
After Muhammad's death, the Caliph often sought his advice concerning their activities but he remained tight-lipped. Umar, during his caliphate was only able to find out indirectly who the hypocrites were by monitoring Hudhayfah’s attendance at the funeral prayer following the death of a Muslim. If Hudhayfah did not attend the funeral prayer, Umar refrained from performing the funeral prayer for that person. Once Umar asked Hudhayfah if any of his governors was a Munafiq. Hudhayfah told him that one was but declined to inform whom. Hudhayfah later said that shortly after their conversation, Umar dismissed the person as if he had been guided to him.
Battle of the Ditch
Muslims continued their siege for many days and were getting tired. Ali ibn Abi Talib and Zubayr ibn al-Awwam proceeded with ‘Ali swearing that he would never stop until he had either stormed their garrisons or been martyred like Hamza.
Muhammad meanwhile asked one of his poets, Hassan bin Thabit to respond to the mushrikin with his poems. This is mentioned in Sunni hadith collections:
Hudhayfah's special qualities were made use of by Muhammad at various times, including the battle of the Ditch. The Muslims on that occasion were surrounded by enemies and endured severe hardships. The Quraysh and their allies were not much better off. A violent wind overturned their tents, extinguished their fires and pelted their faces with sand and dust. At this stage of the confrontation Muhammad sent Hudhayfah into the midst of the enemy's positions to bring him information on their situation and morale before deciding his next move. Hudhayfah related what happened on this mission:
"That night, Abu Sufyan and his men were in front of us. The Jewish tribe of Banu Quraiza were at our rear and we were afraid of them because of our wives and children. Never before was there a darker night nor a wind so strong; no one could see his fingers and the blast of the wind was like the peal of thunder. The hypocrites began to ask Muhammad for permission to leave, saying, 'Our houses are exposed to the enemy.' Anyone who asked Muhammad's permission to leave was allowed and many sneaked away until we were left with about three hundred men. Muhammad then began a round of inspection passing us one by one until he reached me. I had nothing to protect me from the cold except a blanket belonging to my wife which scarcely reached my knees. He came nearer to me as I lay crouching on the ground and asked 'Who is this?' 'Hudhayfah,' replied. 'Hudhayfah?' he queried as I huddled myself closer to the ground too afraid to stand because of intense hunger and cold. 'Yes, O Messenger of God,' I replied. 'Something is happening among the forces of Abu Sufyan. Infiltrate their encampment and bring me news of what's happening,' he instructed. I set out. At that moment I was the most terrified person and felt terribly cold. Muhammad prayed 'O Lord, protect him from in front and from behind, from his right and from his left, from above and from below.' By God, no sooner had Muhammad completed his supplication that God removed from my stomach all fear and from my body all cold. As I turned to go, Muhammad called me back and said 'Hudhayfah, on no account do anything among the opposing forces until you return.' I went on, inching my way under cover of darkness until I penetrated into the mushrikin camp and became just like one of them. Shortly afterwards, Abu Sufyan got up and addressed his men: 'O people of the Quraysh, I am about to make a statement to you which I fear would reach Muhammad. \Therefore, let every man among you look and make sure who is sitting next to him...' On hearing this, I immediately grasped the hand of the man next to me and asked, 'Who are you?' (putting him on the defensive and clearing myself). "Abu Sufyan went on: 'O people of the Quraysh, you are not in a safe and secure place. Our horses and camels have perished. The Banu Qurayzah have deserted us and we have had unpleasant news about them. We are buffered by this cold wind. Our fires do not light and our uprooted tents offer no protection. So get moving. For myself, I am leaving.' He went to his camel, untethered and mounted it. He struck it and it stood upright. If the Messenger of God had not instructed me to do nothing until I returned to him, I would have killed Abu Sufyan then and there with an arrow. “
Philosophy
Hudhayfah Ibn Al-Yaman felt the sources of good in life were easily recognizable for those desiring good but evil was deceptive and often difficult to perceive. He warned people to struggle against evil with their heart, hands and tongue. Those who stood against evil only with their hearts and tongues, and not hands, he considered as having abandoned a part of truth. Those who hated evil only in their hearts but did not combat it with their tongues and hands forsook two parts of truth and those who neither detested nor confronted evil with their hearts, tongues or hands he considered as physically alive but morally dead.
Speaking about the heart, he once said: "There are four kinds of hearts. The heart that is encased or atrophied. That is the heart of the kafir or ungrateful disbeliever. The heart that is shaped into thin layers. That is the heart of the munafiq or hypocrite. The heart that is open and bare and on which shines a radiant light. That is the heart of the mumin or the believer. Finally there is the heart in which there is both hypocrisy and faith. Faith is like a tree which thrives with good water and hypocrisy is like an abscess which thrives on pus and blood. Whichever flourishes more, be it the tree of faith or the abscess of hypocrisy, wins control of the heart."
Hudhayfah's experience with hypocrisy and his efforts to combat it gave a touch of sharpness and severity to his tongue. He himself realized this and admitted it with a noble courage: "I went to [Muhammad] and said: 'O Messenger of God, I have a tongue which is sharp and cutting against my family and I fear that this would lead me to hell.' And [Muhammad], said to me: 'Where do you stand with regard to istighfar - asking forgiveness from Allah? I ask Allah for forgiveness a hundred times during the day. "
During the Caliphate of Umar ibn Al-Khattab
Hudhayfah was one of the foremost military commanders in the expansion into Iraq, distinguishing himself at Hamadan, ar-Rayy, ad-Daynawar, and at the famous battle of Nihawand in December 641. For the encounter at Nihawand against the Persian forces, Hudhayfah was placed second in command by Umar over the Muslims who numbered some thirty thousand. The Persian forces outnumbered them by five to one being some one hundred and fifty thousand strong. The first commander of the Muslim army, an-Numan ibn Maqran, fell early in the battle, and Hudhayfah, immediately took charge, instructing that the commanders death should not be broadcast. Under Hudhayfah's leadership, the Muslims won a decisive victory despite tremendous odds. Hudhayfah also took part in the multi-pronged advance into Armenia, leading a column into the Al-Lan mountains in 644.
Hudhayfah was made governor of Kufa and Ctesiphon (al-Madain). When the news of his appointment spread, Ctesiphon crowds went to meet this famous companion of whose great role in the conquests of Persia was already a legend. As they waited, a lean man approached on a donkey eating a loaf of bread. When the rider was in their midst they realized that he was Hudhayfah, the governor for whom they were waiting. They could not contain their surprise being accustomed to the pomp and the grandeur of Persian rulers. Hudhayfah saw they were expecting him to speak and he eventually said: "Beware of places of fitnah and intrigue." "And what," they asked, "are places of intrigue?" He replied: "The doors of rulers where some people go and try to make the ruler or governor believe lies and praise him for qualities he does not possess.".
See also
Sunni view of the Sahaba
References
656 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Companions of the Prophet
Rashidun governors of Arminiya
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudhayfah%20ibn%20al-Yaman
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Gangelt is a municipality in the district of Heinsberg, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on the border with the Netherlands and about 10 km east of Sittard and 10 km south-west of Heinsberg.
Its most well-known resident was cartographer Gerard Kremer, better known as Gerardus Mercator, who lived the first five or six years of his life there.
Geography
Local subdivisions
Gangelt with 2,521 inhabitants
Birgden with 2,977 inhabitants
Breberen with 828 inhabitants
Broichhoven with 168 inhabitants
Brüxgen with 513 inhabitants
Buscherheide with 132 inhabitants
Harzelt with 201 inhabitants
Hastenrath with 536 inhabitants
Hohenbusch with 45 inhabitants
Kievelberg with 32 inhabitants
Kreuzrath with 504 inhabitants
Langbroich with 807 inhabitants
Mindergangelt with 244 inhabitants
Nachbarheid with 120 inhabitants
Niederbusch with 601 inhabitants
Schierwaldenrath with 596 inhabitants
Schümm with 93 inhabitants
Stahe with 1,029 inhabitants
Vinteln with 42 inhabitants
(21.02.2007)
History
Gangelt was first mentioned in a document in 828 as a King's property.
In February 2020, a carnival celebration caused a massive COVID-19 outbreak. In April 2020, one in seven residents was seropositive, in a sample of 500.
Town twinning
Sohland an der Spree, Germany, since 1991
Kruibeke, Belgium, since 1998
Onderbanken, Netherlands, since 1975
Local people
Gerardus Mercator, cartographer born 1512
Karl-Josef Kutsch (born 1924), German physician and co-author of Großes Sängerlexikon
References
External links
Heinsberg (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangelt
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Krasny Oktyabr () may refer to:
Places
Krasny Oktyabr, Belgorod Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Belgorod Oblast, Russia
Krasny Oktyabr, Kurgan Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Kurgan Oblast, Russia
Krasny Oktyabr, Saratov Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Saratov Oblast, Russia
Krasny Oktyabr, Kirzhachsky District, Vladimir Oblast, merged with the town of Kirzhach
Companies
Krasny Oktyabr (confectionery brand), a Russian confectioner
Krasny Oktyabr (steel plant), based in Volgograd
Krasny Oktyabr (engine plant), based in Saint Petersburg
Sport
BC Krasny Oktyabr, a Russian basketball club, based in Volgograd
Fiction
Red October (fictional submarine), the submarine in the novel The Hunt for Red October by Tom Clancy and the subsequent film adaptation
See also
Krasnooktyabrsky (disambiguation)
Red October (disambiguation)
October Revolution (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasny%20Oktyabr
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Blaster is a first-person rail shooter video game, released for arcades by Williams Electronics in 1983. It was developed by Eugene Jarvis and Larry DeMar. A vague sequel to Robotron: 2084, the game is a shoot 'em up set in outer space. The goal is to destroy enemies, avoid obstacles, and rescue astronauts in twenty levels, to reach paradise.
The game uses large, scaled sprites to give the impression of attackers and asteroids approaching the player's ship. It was originally written for the Atari 8-bit family–something not made public until 2004. Neither the Atari 8-bit nor the arcade machine has bitmap scaling hardware; the Atari CPU has a higher clock rate.
Cabinet art was done by Tom Schmelzer and Larry Day of Advertising Posters in Chicago.
Blaster was sold in both Duramold and, much less commonly, traditional wooden cabinets.
Plot
According to the opening demo:
This implies that the game takes place after the events of Robotron: 2084. However, aside from a few oversized G.R.U.N.T. robots in the first stage, none of the Robotron characters make an appearance in Blaster.
Gameplay
The game is controlled with an optical joystick and two buttons: fire and thrust. The ship's weapon fires from a linear bank of four pyramid-shaped shots. Shots do not emanate toward the exact center of the screen; the first shot in the series will be furthest left, while the fourth will be furthest right. The Blastership is given three lives, and extra lives are awarded every 100,000 points. The player has a life bar, in likeness to similar games such as Star Fox; however, in this implementation, the life bar represents three hit points, and not a continuum of health points. When the ship gets hit a second time the text "ENERGY CRITICAL" will be flashed on-screen. Almost everything in the game can be destroyed, from the asteroids to enemy shots. In fact, the latter is a critical component of surviving for an extended period of time.
Marooned astronauts can be rescued by interception. They are initially worth 1,000 points, which is incremented by 200 points for each subsequent rescue during the same life, for a maximum value of 2,000 points per rescue. Any situation where enemies appear in groups offers additional bonuses for destroying all enemies in the group. In some levels, such as the Saucerland waves, there are conditions which necessitate a certain order for the ships to be destroyed. In most of the levels, a large blue 'E' decorated with arcs of lightning can be found. Shooting these 'E's will completely fill the shields, while colliding with them will cause the player to warp to the next wave. Before warping, every object in the level will turn into 'E's and the ship will speed against a backdrop of a field of E with Energizers.
Development
Blaster was originally programmed by Vid Kidz for the Atari 8-bit family and the Atari 5200 console, and then converted to the arcade version. It was the third and last release by Vid Kidz. The Atari versions were eventually cancelled during the corporate shuffling that occurred after the video game crash of 1983, although they were finally found and released to the public in 2004.
The Motorola 6809 of the arcade machine runs at only 1 MHz, "and man did it hurt," said Jarvis.
Only three cockpit (sit-down) machines were ever produced. One is on display in Palo Alto, California in the home of Jarvis's father and the second was converted into a machine for Devastator, a prototype game that was never released. According to Jarvis, there have been unconfirmed sightings of the third.
Reception
Gene Lewin of Play Meter magazine reviewed the arcade game in 1983, scoring it 3 out of 10 as a dedicated arcade cabinet, but would raise it to 8 out of 10 if released as a conversion kit. The review called it "a space shoot-'em-up with good graphics and sound effects."
Legacy
Blaster was one of the video games on the television game show Starcade.
The game was first made available as a part of Midway Classics Volume II. It is available on the PlayStation 2, GameCube, IBM PC, and Xbox as part of Midway Arcade Treasures, and also included in Arcade's Greatest Hits: The Midway Collection 2.
See also
Buck Rogers: Planet of Zoom (1982) – third-person rail shooter with sprite scaling
Space Harrier (1985) – relies on sprite-scaling hardware for the visuals
References
External links
Blaster at Arcade History
Upright and cockpit cabinets
1983 video games
Arcade video games
Cancelled Atari 5200 games
Cancelled Atari 8-bit family games
Shoot 'em ups
Williams video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Video games developed in the United States
Video game sequels
Video games set in the 2080s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaster%20%28video%20game%29
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The women's halfpipe event in snowboarding at the 2006 Winter Olympics was held in Bardonecchia, a village in the Province of Turin, Italy. Competition took place on 13 February 2006.
Results
References
Snowboarding at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 in women's sport
Women's events at the 2006 Winter Olympics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowboarding%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20halfpipe
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Several ships of the Royal Norwegian Navy have been named Æger after Ægir, the Jötunn king of the sea in Norse mythology:
, a in service from 1894 to 1932.
, a commissioned in 1938.
, a in service from 1967 to 1992.
Royal Norwegian Navy ship names
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HNoMS%20%C3%86ger
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was a Japanese aristocrat, garden designer, painter, poet, and tea master during the reign of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
Biography
His personal name was Masakazu (政一). In 1604, he received as inheritance a 12,000-koku fief in Ōmi Province at Komuro, present Nagahama, Shiga.
He excelled in the arts of painting, poetry, Ikebana flower arrangement, and Japanese garden design. His accomplishments include garden designs for the Sentō Imperial Palace and Katsura Imperial Villa (Kyoto), Kōdai-ji, Sunpu Castle, the Nagoya Castle keep, Bitchū Matsuyama Castle, and the central enceintes of Fushimi Castle, Nijō-jō (Kyoto), and Osaka Castle.
He was though known best as a master of the tea ceremony. His style soon on became known as "Enshū-ryū". In light of his ability, he was tasked with teaching the 3rd Tokugawa shōgun, Tokugawa Iemitsu the ways of tea ceremony. In this role, he designed many tea houses including the Bōsen-seki in the subtemple of Kohō-an at the Daitoku-ji, and the Mittan-seki at the Ryūkō-in of the same temple as well as the Hassō-an.
References
External links
1579 births
1647 deaths
16th-century Japanese painters
16th-century Japanese poets
17th-century Japanese painters
17th-century Japanese poets
Daimyo
Japanese landscape painters
Japanese tea masters
Kadōka
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobori%20Ensh%C5%AB
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MM – Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine was an Italian monthly comic, published by Disney Italy from May 1999 to March 2001, about Mickey Mouse and his investigation in the city of Anderville.
Overview
The series, a noir story starring Mickey Mouse as the main character and is composed of twelve parts. It is often called MM or MMMM and it is set in Anderville, a chaotic metropolis, modelled on the city of New York City. Anderville is a deceiving city, full of criminals. In this new setting, Mickey Mouse has a hard life, because he has no friends and because the authors wanted to break traditional cliché of his adventures in Mouseton, featured in Italian comic Topolino. Villains are different from Black Pete and even from Phantom Blot, often unsuspected, and even friends act in a rude way toward Mickey Mouse, who often feels disoriented in the big city. These stories were directed to a more adult reader, trying to bring to a new life the "old style Mickey Mouse" of the 1930s and 1940s stories, written and illustrated by Floyd Gottfredson.
Mickey Mouse leaves Mouseton for Anderville, being involved in the case of his missing young friend Sonny Mitchell. To prove his innocence, being mistaken for a criminal, both by Anderville villains and police inspector Jan Clayton, he faces some dangerous situations, running the risk of being killed. He becomes friends with Little Ceaser, a well-respected, and somewhat rude, bartender, and with his friendly customers. He eventually proves his innocence but he is forced to stay in Anderville, waiting for furthermore investigations. He finds out that his friend left him an investigation agency: Mickey Mouse becomes a detective and gets involved in very dangerous events, which led him to act in a more violent way than the usual Mickey Mouse.
The first issue of the series was written by Tito Faraci and illustrated by Giorgio Cavazzano. They created Anderville, through many sketches and decided on a specific range of colors to use for the stories, preferring the dark and cold tones to the light and warm ones.
MM demonstrated the talent of Francesco Artibani and Tito Faraci, main writers of the series, and was a showcase for the talent of some young, at the time, drawers: Silvio Camboni, Corrado Mastantuono, Paolo Mottura, Marco Palazzi, Alessandro Perina, Claudio Sciarrone, Stefano Turconi, Silvia Ziche and Giuseppe Zironi.
There were also two side stories: one featuring the weird journalist Chester Soup, a comical one, and one called Anderville Confidential.
Main characters
Mickey Mouse
Sonny Mitchell
Patty Ballestreros
Jan Clayton
Little Caesar
Issues
The series was originally published in Italian from May 1999 to March 2001. The entire series has been translated to German, Dutch, Greek and European Portuguese, and is currently published in Finnish and Brazilian Portuguese. The first story has also been translated to Spanish, Swedish and French. No English translation has been published so far.
Plot summaries
MM #0 Anderville – Mickey Mouse leaves Mouseton to Anderville, being involved in the case of the missing of his old friend, Sonny Mitchell.
MM #1 The Link
MM #2 Estrelita
MM #3 Lost & Found
MM #4 MousetrapMM #5 FirestormMM #6 CalypsoMM #7 Black Mask – Mickey is now free to return to Mouseton. He will leave Anderville aboard a new train, in its inaugural trip. The train, named Black Mask is controlled by an A.I. During the trip, a killer is sent to kill Mickey. When she misses her target, the blast of his weapon causes the A.I. to malfunction and Black Mask becomes unstoppable. With a surprising idea Mickey saves the train and finds the killer.MM #8 VictoriaMM #9 Run Run RunMM #10 The Dark Side – A parallel police acts in the shadow against villains in Anderville.MM'' #11 Small World – A pyromaniac is coming from the past to menace the old members of a firefighter squad.
References
1999 comics debuts
2001 comics endings
1999 establishments in Italy
2001 disestablishments in Italy
Crime comics
Defunct magazines published in Italy
Disney comics titles
Humor comics
Comics magazines published in Italy
Italian comics titles
Italian-language magazines
Monthly magazines published in Italy
Magazines established in 1999
Magazines disestablished in 2001
Mickey Mouse comics
Mystery comics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MM%20Mickey%20Mouse%20Mystery%20Magazine
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Karelia Suite, Op. 11 is a subset of pieces from the longer Karelia Music (named after the region of Karelia) written by Jean Sibelius in 1893 for the Viipuri Students' Association and premiered, with Sibelius conducting, at the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland, on 23 November of that year. Sibelius first conducted the shorter Suite ten days later; it remains one of his most popular works.
Karelia Music was written in the beginning of Sibelius's compositional career, and the complete Music consists of an Overture, 8 Tableaux, and 2 Intermezzi; it runs for about 44 minutes, whereas the Suite lasts about 12 minutes.
The rough-hewn character of the Music was deliberate – the aesthetic intention was not to dazzle with technique but to capture the quality of naive, folk-based authenticity. Historical comments have noted the nationalistic character of the music.
Orchestration
The piece is orchestrated for three flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), three oboes (3rd doubling English horn), two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns in F and E, three trumpets in F and E, three trombones, tuba, timpani, bass drum, cymbals, triangle, tambourine, two sopranos/baritones (Tableau 1), a baritone (Tableau 5), SATB choir (Tableau 8) and strings.
Ralph Wood has commented on the role of the percussion in this composition.
History
The movements in the suite are all borrowed from the Karelia Music, which consisted of an overture and eight tableaux. Sibelius was commissioned to write it in 1893 by the Viipuri Students' Association for a lottery to aid the education of the people of the Viipuri Province.
Sibelius conducted the Karelian Music at its premiere on 13 November 1893 at the Imperial Alexander University in Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland. The behaviour of the audience was, however, far from ideal. As Sibelius noted later:
Ten days later, Sibelius conducted a popular concert that included the Overture, followed by the three movements that would become the Karelia Suite. These four pieces were sold to Edition Fazer in 1899 and, at Sibelius's request, Overture and Karelia Suite were published as Op. 10 & 11, respectively. The rest of the Karelia Music pieces that were yet to be printed ended up in the hands of Breitkopf & Härtel in 1905.
The score was at some point left in the possession of Robert Kajanus and, in 1936, Kajanus's wife Ella returned it back to Sibelius. It is thought that Sibelius burned his eighth symphony along with most of the Karelia Music in August 1945, with only the 1st and 7th tableaux spared from the fire. The viola, cello and double bass parts are also missing from the 1st and 7th tableaux, and the flute parts are completely missing from the 7th tableau.
Composition
The original movements are as follows:
Overture
Tableau 1 – A Karelian home. News of War (1293)
Tableau 2 – The founding of Viipuri Castle
Tableau 3 – Narimont, the Duke of Lithuania, levying taxes in the province of Käkisalmi (1333)Intermezzo (I)Tableau 4 – Karl Knutsson in Viipuri Castle (1446)Tableau 5 – Pontus De la Gardie at the gates of Käkisalmi (1580)Intermezzo (II) (Originally titled Tableau ) – Pontus de la Gardie's March)Tableau 6 – The Siege of Viipuri (1710)Tableau 7 – The Reunion of Old Finland (Karelia) with the rest of Finland (1811)Tableau 8 – The Finnish National AnthemThe suite is in three movements:
The Intermezzo is the only original movement of the suite. Sibelius borrowed the brass theme in the middle of Tableau 3 and made it into its own movement. The Intermezzo is a jaunty Allegro march-like theme, the orchestra portraying the atmosphere of marching contingents.
The Ballade was based on Tableau 4, and is 'sung' by a bard (on cor anglais), reflecting the mood of a fifteenth-century Swedish king, Karl Knutsson, reminiscing in his castle whilst being entertained by a minstrel.Alla Marcia is an exhilarating march, which was originally incidental to Tableau 5½ and is practically the same as the original music, except for some minor chord changes.
Completions of the original complete score
Most of the music was reconstructed in 1965 by Kalevi Kuosa, from the original parts that had survived. The parts that hadn't survived were those of the violas, cellos, and double basses. Based on Kuosa's transcription, the Finnish composers Kalevi Aho and Jouni Kaipainen have individually reconstructed the complete music to Karelia Music. A recording of Kalevi Aho's completion was released in 1997 in a recording with the Lahti Symphony Orchestra conducted by Osmo Vänskä, and Jouni Kaipainen's completion was recorded for a 1998 release with the Tampere Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Tuomas Ollila.
In popular culture
The suite was one of the 17 classical compositions used to create the title track of the 1981 Hooked on Classics project.
In the UK, the Intermezzo was used as the theme tune for the Associated-Rediffusion and Thames TV show This Week. It was also used in the "Piranha Brothers" sketch on Monty Python's Flying Circus.
A speeded-up version of the first Intermezzo is used by the Chilean TV station Televisión Nacional de Chile to introduce its sports broadcasts.
The rock group The Nice recorded an arrangement of the Intermezzo which appeared on the album Ars Longa Vita Brevis. They later recorded a live version with the Sinfonia of London, which appeared on the album Five Bridges''.
References
External links
Alla Marcia from Karelia Suite conducted by Robert Kajanus
Suites by Jean Sibelius
1893 compositions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karelia%20Suite
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Kucura (; ; ) is a village in Serbia, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. It is located in the municipality of Vrbas, in the South Bačka District. The village is ethnically mixed and has a population of 4,663 (2002 census).
Ethnic groups
1971
According to the 1971 census, ethnic Rusyns comprised 60% of the population of the village.
2002
According to the 2002 census, the population of the village include:
2,200 (47.18%) Rusyns
1,808 (38.77%) Serbs
352 (7.55%) Hungarians
others.
Historical population
1961: 4,881
1971: 4,655
1981: 4,687
1991: 4,713
Notable residents
Ljubomir Fejsa
Gallery
See also
List of places in Serbia
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
References
Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
External links
KucuraOnline
Kucura location map
Places in Bačka
South Bačka District
Pannonian Rusyns
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kucura
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George Woodcock, (20 October 1904 – 30 October 1979) was a British trade unionist and general secretary of the Trades Union Congress from 1960 to 1969.
Born and brought up in Bamber Bridge, Lancashire, he started work at age 12 in the local cotton mill. He became, in 1924, an official of the Bamber Bridge and District Weavers' Union. He was also active in the Independent Labour Party and the Labour Party. In 1929 he won a TUC scholarship to Ruskin College, Oxford, in 1929. Having distinguished himself at undergraduate and postgraduate level, and following two years in the civil service, Woodcock joined the TUC in 1936 as head of the research and economic department. Here, Woodcock was much influenced by leading moderates in the trade union movement, such as Walter Citrine and Ernest Bevin, and also by the economic ideas of John Maynard Keynes.
In 1947 he became the TUC's Assistant General Secretary and in 1960, was appointed General Secretary, serving in that position until 1969. In 1970 Woodcock was a candidate for the Chancellorship of the University of Kent at Canterbury, but lost to Jo Grimond.
References
George Goodman, "Woodcock, George, (1904–1979), trade unionist", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
External links
Catalogue of Woodcock's papers, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick
1904 births
1979 deaths
General Secretaries of the Trades Union Congress
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Alumni of Ruskin College
People from Bamber Bridge
People from Epsom
Honorary Fellows of the London School of Economics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Woodcock%20%28trade%20unionist%29
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Richilde, Countess of Mons and Hainaut ( 1018 – 15 March 1086), was a ruling countess of Hainaut from c. 1050 until 1076, in co-regency with her husband Baldwin VI of Flanders (until 1070) and then her son Baldwin II of Hainaut. She was also countess of Flanders by marriage to Baldwin VI between from 1067 to 1070. She ruled Flanders as regent during the minority of her son Arnulf III in 1070–1071.
Life
Richilde may have been a daughter of Reinier of Hasnon (died c. 1049) and Adelheid of Egisheim.
She was born c. 1018. In 1040, she married Herman of Mons, who became Count of Hainaut.
Countess of Hainaut
For a long time, Richilde's own rights and position were not well understood. She is counted as ruling countess of Hainaut for different periods in different sources. In a first phase, she followed in the marche of Valenciennes c. 1049 as only heir of her father, Reinier of Hasnon, who was installed in 1047 as margrave of Valenciennes to replace Baldwin V of Flanders (who rebelled against the empire and lost his fiefs). Richilde's first husband, Herman of Mons, count of Hainaut, died c. 1050/1051. She was countess in her own right in Valenciennes and in her husband's rights in Hainault.
Her alleged control over Hainault made her an attractive bride, but placed the county in a dangerous position. She was forced, by the threat of invasion, by Baldwin V of Flanders to marry his eldest son Baldwin.
As Hainaut and Valenciennes were imperial fiefs and Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor had not been consulted, the marriage resulted in a war between the emperor and the Baldwins, ending in a total defeat of the latter in 1054.
But still Richilde's husband Baldwin became ruling count of Hainaut jure uxoris and the two children she had with Herman were disinherited. Roger, probably lame, became a secular clerk (later bishop of Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne) and her daughter a nun. Hainaut and Valenciennes being inherited by the count of Flanders.
Baldwin VI followed as count of Flanders in 1067, unifying as such Hainaut, Valenciennes and Flanders, and ruled until his death (17 July 1070).
Regency of Flanders
Baldwin VI left Flanders to their eldest son, Arnulf III, and the County of Hainaut to the younger son, Baldwin II, with the provision that if either son preceded the other in death, he would inherit the other's county as well. Baldwin VI also obtained assurances from his brother Robert who gave his oath of homage and promised to protect his nephew. After Baldwin VI's death their son Arnulf III became Count of Flanders, but as he was a minor, Richilde served as regent of Flanders.
Almost immediately, Robert broke his oath and disputed Arnulf's right to Flanders. Richilde obtained support from King Philip I of France. William FitzOsbern of Normandy (who married her) also assisted her in the conflict, but likely with a very small contingent. However, her forces were defeated at the Battle of Cassel and William Fitzosbern was killed along with her oldest son, Arnulf. Richilde herself was captured and released, and King Philip later married Robert's stepdaughter Bertha and recognized him as Count of Flanders, abandoning the cause of Richilde and her son.
Later reign
Richilde and her younger son, Baldwin II, retained Hainaut, and made subsequent unsuccessful attempts to recover Flanders. They enfeoffed Hainaut to the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, and formed a big coalition of nobles which included Duke Godfrey of Bouillon, Albert I, Count of Namur, Lambert I, Count of Louvain and Conon, Count of Montaigu. However, the attempt was ultimately unsuccessful.
Richilde built the Château de Beaumont along with a chapel there dedicated to St. Venantius. She, along with her son Baldwin, founded the monastery of Saint-Denis-en-Broqueroie.
At the end of her regency she retired to the Abbey of Messines. In 1076, she was evidently deposed by her son.
Richilde died on 15 March 1086.
Family
Richilde married Herman, Count of Hainaut. They had two children:
Roger (d. 1093) who was apparently lame, became Bishop of Châlons-sur-Marne.
Daughter, whose name is unknown.
Richilde married secondly Baldwin VI, Count of Flanders. They were the parents of:
Arnulf III, Count of Flanders (c. 1055 – 22 February 1071).
Baldwin II, Count of Hainaut (c. 1056 – 1098).
In 1071 Richilde married thirdly William FitzOsbern, 1st Earl of Hereford (c. 1025 – 1071).
Notes
References
1030s births
1086 deaths
11th-century women rulers
Countesses of Flanders
Countesses of Hainaut
Hereford
Counts of Hainaut
Countesses regnant
11th-century counts in Europe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richilde%2C%20Countess%20of%20Hainaut
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In group theory, Higman's embedding theorem states that every finitely generated recursively presented group R can be embedded as a subgroup of some finitely presented group G. This is a result of Graham Higman from the 1960s.
On the other hand, it is an easy theorem that every finitely generated subgroup of a finitely presented group is recursively presented, so the recursively presented finitely generated groups are (up to isomorphism) exactly the finitely generated subgroups of finitely presented groups.
Since every countable group is a subgroup of a finitely generated group, the theorem can be restated for those groups.
As a corollary, there is a universal finitely presented group that contains all finitely presented groups as subgroups (up to isomorphism); in fact, its finitely generated subgroups are exactly the finitely generated recursively presented groups (again, up to isomorphism).
Higman's embedding theorem also implies the Novikov-Boone theorem (originally proved in the 1950s by other methods) about the existence of a finitely presented group with algorithmically undecidable word problem. Indeed, it is fairly easy to construct a finitely generated recursively presented group with undecidable word problem. Then any finitely presented group that contains this group as a subgroup will have undecidable word problem as well.
The usual proof of the theorem uses a sequence of HNN extensions starting with R and ending with a group G which can be shown to have a finite presentation.
References
Infinite group theory
Theorems in group theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higman%27s%20embedding%20theorem
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The Manor Ground located in Plumstead, south east London was a football stadium. This arena was the home of football club Royal Arsenal, which was later named Woolwich Arsenal, and as such came to be known as Arsenal F.C.
History
Under their original name of Dial Square, the club's very first match in December 1886 was on a field in the Isle of Dogs, that's close to Glengall Road which is now known as Tiller Road. After such, during the remainder of the 1886–87 season, the club which was newly renamed Royal Arsenal played upon Plumstead Common. They moved in September 1887 to a field on Plumstead Marshes, which was renamed the Sportsman Ground after the Sportsman pub nearby. They continued to play there for the next six months.
In 1888, after flooding to the Sportsman Ground, the club moved to the adjoining Manor Field which was soon renamed Manor Ground. The pitch was notoriously muddy and upon its southern border lay the Ridgeway containing the Southern Outfall Sewer that ended at Crossness Pumping Station. There were no stands as such as the club used wagons borrowed from nearby Army bases to house spectators. The Royal Arsenal's first match there was against Millwall Rovers on 30 March 1888, a game won by a margin of 3 goals to nil.
In 1890, Royal Arsenal decided to move to the Invicta Ground which was more suitable as it possessed a stand, terracing and changing rooms. Whilst there they changed their name to Woolwich Arsenal and became a professional club. The side went on to leave the Invicta after three years as its owner raised the ground's rent. Arsenal bought the Manor Ground with money raised from an issue of shares, thereafter erecting a single main stand and banks of terracing. The club moved back there prior to the start of the 1893–94 season, just in time for its debut within the Football League. The stadium had an average attendance of 6,000 for that season.
Woolwich Arsenal continued to play their home matches at Manor Ground for the next twenty years. As such there were two instances where they had to stage one league fixture against Burton Swifts at New Brompton's Priestfield Stadium and another versus Leicester Fosse at Lyttelton cricket ground, Leyton. During 1895 the Manor Ground had been closed by the Football League for a period of five weeks after crowd trouble at a match against Burton Wanderers in January of that year.
In 1904 a second stand was added of which is the earliest known terrace in the country to be nicknamed as the Spion Kop. With the club having achieved promotion to the First Division that year, due to the additional capacity attendances reached over 20,000 for some matches. However, the numbers of these crowds soon dipped, thanks in no small part to the Manor Ground's being relatively isolated and located within an industrial area with few local residents.
After years of financial precarity, in 1910 Woolwich Arsenal faced bankruptcy, with the club managing an average crowd of only 11,000, compared to Chelsea's average gate of 28,000. That year, London property magnate and Fulham chairman Sir Henry Norris bought Arsenal out to rescue the club, and he proceeded to move the club all the way across London to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury three years later. This came after an unfruitful attempt to merge clubs Fulham and Arsenal.
Woolwich Arsenal played their last game at the Manor Ground on 26 April 1913 in a 1–1 draw against Middlesbrough. Afterwards the ground soon fell derelict, and was eventually demolished with the land redeveloped. The stadium's former site is roughly bound by Nathan Way, Griffin Manor Way, and Hadden Road; it became an industrial estate for several decades until demolition in 2016, and from 2021 was set to become a residential development, Lombard Square.
Arsenal's departure saw another local club, Charlton Athletic, turn professional in 1920 and thus take their place as the main club of the area.
References
External links
Satellite photo of the stadium site on Google Maps
Historical map of the Borough of Woolwich, Revised: 1893 to 1894 Published: 1897
Arsenal F.C. home grounds
Defunct football venues in England
Sports venues in London
Sport in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
1888 establishments in England
Sports venues completed in 1888
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manor%20Ground%20%28Plumstead%29
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Doug DeWitt (born August 13, 1961) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1980 to 1992, holding the inaugural WBO middleweight title from 1989 to 1990.
Career
DeWitt made his professional debut in 1980 & compiled a record of 30–6–4 before winning the inaugural WBO middleweight title. He would lose the title in his second defense to British boxer Nigel Benn.
Professional boxing record
See also
List of world middleweight boxing champions
References
External links
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1961 births
Living people
American male boxers
Boxers from Youngstown, Ohio
Sportspeople from Yonkers, New York
Boxers from New York (state)
World middleweight boxing champions
Middleweight boxers
World Boxing Organization champions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug%20DeWitt
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Esperanza is a city in the center of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. It had about 36,000 inhabitants at the and it is the head town of the Las Colonias Department.
Esperanza is at the heart of the most important dairy district of the country (milk production is based on the Holando-Argentino breed). Cattle farming is also a major activity. Additionally it hosts many small and medium industries in a variety of sectors (wood, metal mechanics, food products, book printing, editorials, textile, leather, etc.).
History
Esperanza was the first formally organized agricultural colony in Argentina, formed by 200 families of immigrants from Switzerland, Germany, France, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg who arrived during January and February 1856. The town was officially founded on 8 September 1856. The lands for each family in the colony had been set aside on 15 June 1853 by an agreement (the Agricultural Colonization Contract) between the government of Santa Fe and the entrepreneur Aarón Castellanos. The original name of the city was Colonia Esperanza, that is "Colony Hope".
The city was the third one in the province to have a Municipal Council, after Rosario and Santa Fe, on 4 May 1861. It was declared the head town of its department in 1884. In 1892, it hosted the first Agricultural Congress of the Republic.
In 1944, the national government decreed that September 8, the feast of the birth of the Virgin Mary (patron of Esperanza), was to be the National Day of the Agricultural Worker, and in 1979 Esperanza was declared permanent seat of the National Festival of Agriculture and National Agricultural Worker Day.
Notable natives
Fernando Paillet, photographer
Gastón Gori, essayist, writer
Eduardo Gudiño Kieffer, writer and journalist
Álvaro Alsogaray, politician
José Pedroni, poet and writer
Aldo Tessio, politician
Hector Borla, visual artist
Sebastian Spreng, visual artist
Matías Donnet, football player
References
Municipality of Esperanza - Official website.
Populated places in Santa Fe Province
Cities in Argentina
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esperanza%2C%20Santa%20Fe
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The Lemminkäinen Suite, or more correctly Four Legends from the Kalevala, Op. 22, is a sequence of four tone poems for orchestra completed in 1896 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. The work was conceived as (The Building of the Boat), an opera with a mythological setting, before taking its form as a suite. There is a narrative thread: the exploits are followed of the heroic character Lemminkäinen from the Kalevala, which is a collection of folkloric, mythic, epic poetry. The second tone poem, The Swan of Tuonela, is popular as a standalone orchestral work.
History
The piece was originally conceived as a mythological opera before Sibelius abandoned the idea and made it a piece consisting of four distinct movements. The first two though were withdrawn by the composer soon after its premiere and were neither performed, nor added to the published score of the suite until 1935. Sibelius changed the order of the movements when he made his final revisions in 1939, placing The Swan of Tuonela second, and Lemminkäinen in Tuonela third.
Sibelius revised the score in 1897 and 1939.
Movements
Lemminkäinen and the Maidens of the Island is based on Canto 29 ("Conquests") of the Kalevala, where Lemminkäinen travels to an island and seduces many of the women there, before fleeing the rage of the men on the island. The movement is also known as Lemminkäinen and the Maidens of Saari, Saari being the Finnish word for island.
The Swan of Tuonela is the most popular of the four tone poems and often is featured alone from the suite in orchestral programs. It has a prominent cor anglais solo. The music paints a gossamer, transcendental image of a mystical swan swimming around Tuonela, the island of the dead. Lemminkäinen has been tasked with killing the sacred swan, but on the way he is shot with a poisoned arrow, and dies himself.
Lemminkäinen in Tuonela is based on Canto 14 ("Elk, horse, swan") and 15 ("Resurrection"). Lemminkäinen is in Tuonela, the land of the dead, to shoot the Swan of Tuonela to be able to claim the daughter of Louhi, mistress of the Pohjola or Northland, in marriage. However, the blind man of the Northland kills Lemminkäinen, whose body is then tossed in the river and then dismembered. Lemminkäinen's mother learns of his death, travels to Tuonela, recovers his body parts, reassembles him and restores him to life.
Lemminkäinen's Return: The storyline in the score roughly parallels the end of Canto 30 ("Pakkanen"), where after his adventures in battle, Lemminkäinen journeys home.
Instrumentation
The suite is scored for two flutes (both doubling piccolo), two oboes (one doubling cor anglais), two clarinets in B (one doubling on bass clarinet), two bassoons, four horns (in E and F), three trumpets (in E and F), three trombones, tuba, timpani, triangle, bass drum, cymbals, tambourine, glockenspiel, harp, and strings.
Recordings
The original versions of Lemminkäinen and the Maidens of the Island and Lemminkäinen's Return have been recorded by Osmo Vänskä and the Lahti Symphony Orchestra (BIS CD-1015). Other recordings of the full published suite are by the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra under Leif Segerstam, the Helsinki Radio Symphony Orchestra under Okko Kamu, the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra under Neeme Järvi, The Philadelphia Orchestra under Eugene Ormandy, the Los Angeles Philharmonic Orchestra under Esa-Pekka Salonen, the London Symphony Orchestra under Sir Colin Davis, and the Iceland Symphony Orchestra under Petri Sakari.
References
Sources
External links
Suites by Jean Sibelius
Symphonies by Jean Sibelius
Symphonic poems by Jean Sibelius
Music based on the Kalevala
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemmink%C3%A4inen%20Suite
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The Carmen McRae-Betty Carter Duets is a 1987 live album of duets by the American jazz singers Betty Carter and Carmen McRae. Originally released on American Music Hall Records, it was reissued in 1996 by Verve under the title Duets: Live at the Great American Music Hall with three previously unreleased tracks by McRae alone.
Track listing
"What's New?" (Johnny Burke, Bob Haggart) – 4:20
"Stolen Moments" (Oliver Nelson) – 3:36
"But Beautiful" (Burke, Jimmy Van Heusen) – 5:55
"Am I Blue?" (Harry Akst, Grant Clarke) – 6:45
"Glad to Be Unhappy"/"Where or When" (Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart)/(Rodgers, Hart) – 5:33
"Sometimes I'm Happy" (Irving Caesar, Clifford Grey, Vincent Youmans) – 7:54
"Isn't It Romantic?" (Rodgers, Hart) – 2:57
"Sophisticated Lady" (Duke Ellington, Irving Mills, Mitchell Parish) – 3:34
"It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" (Ellington, Mills) – 6:10
"I Hear Music" (Burton Lane, Frank Loesser) – 2:52
"Love Dance" (Ivan Lins, Vitor Martins, Paul Williams) – 8:09
"Old Devil Moon" (Yip Harburg, Lane) – 3:48
Tracks 10-12 not included on original LP release.
Personnel
Betty Carter - vocals
Carmen McRae - vocals, piano
Eric Gunnison - piano
Jim Hughart - double bass
Winard Harper - drums
References
Betty Carter live albums
Carmen McRae live albums
Vocal duet albums
1987 live albums
Verve Records live albums
Albums recorded at the Great American Music Hall
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Carmen%20McRae%20%E2%80%93%20Betty%20Carter%20Duets
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Spring Song (in Swedish: ; in Finnish: ), Op. 16, is a single-movement tone poem for orchestra written in 1894 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius.
History
The piece was initially composed as Improvisation for Orchestra, in the key of D major. It premiered on 21 July 1894 at an outdoor festival in Vaasa, organized by the (). Short, lyrical, and delicately scored, Sibelius's piece was ill-suited for the open-air concert, and the audience received it less enthusiastically than another work on the program: Korsholm, by Sibelius's brother-in-law and friend Armas Järnefelt. Shortly therefore, Sibelius withdrew Improvisation for revision. In 1895, he recast it in F major and retitled the work Spring Song (), appending the subtitle "The Sadness of Spring" to that (unpublished) version.
Structure
The work is scored for 2 flutes (both doubling piccolo), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets (in B), 2 bassoons, 4 horns (in F), 3 trumpets (in F), 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, glocken, violins, violas, cellos and double basses. Spring Song takes about 8 minutes to play.
The tempo marking is: Tempo moderato e sostenuto. The piece contains an optimism that is relatively rare among Sibelius' works. It is known for its prominent use of bells at the end of the song.
Discography
The sortable table below lists commercially available recordings of Spring Song:
Notes, references, and sources
References
External links
Symphonic poems by Jean Sibelius
1894 compositions
Compositions in F major
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring%20Song%20%28Sibelius%29
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Ian David Bone (born 28 August 1947 in Mere, Wiltshire) is an English anarchist and publisher of anarchist newspapers and tabloids, such as Class War and The Bristolian. He has been involved in social campaigns since the 1960s, including the 2001 "Vote Nobody" election campaign.
In 1984, British tabloid newspaper The Sunday People described Bone as "The Most Dangerous Man in Britain".
Activities
Ian Bone is the son of a butler, and has said that this background greatly contributed to his later political outlook. He studied politics at Swansea University, becoming an active anarchist throughout the 1960s to early 1990s. He set up the anarchist agit-mag Alarm in Swansea. In 1983, with others, he established the anarchist paper Class War. The confrontational style of the paper led to Bone becoming an infamous figure in the politics of the 1980s.
Based in London for most of the 1980s, he moved to Bristol in the early 1990s, where he became involved in various campaigns, but often keeping a low profile. Bone left the Class War federation in 1992, citing "too much dead wood" as the reason for his departure. Along with other members who left with him, Bone set up the rival Class War Organisation, a venture which lasted less than six months.
In October 1994, Bone organised the Anarchy in the UK festival. Billed as "10 days that shook the world" and described in the festival programme as an attempt to host the largest gathering of international anarchists, the festival attempted to bring together different strands of the anarchist movement. Amongst events featured were an attempt to levitate parliament, an anarchist picnic, punk gigs and meetings about various aspects of anarchism. The festival was criticised by some anarchist groups (including Class War) for being too focused on lifestyle politics and only featuring a small amount of class struggle-based events.
In 2001 Bone started the Vote Nobody campaign which encouraged residents in Easton, Bristol to turn out for the local election and vote for 'Nobody'. In that same year he started The Bristolian, a scandal sheet that gave "independent news from Bristol that the other papers won't touch". Distributed for free in bars and pubs of Bristol, and by Bone himself in Bristol's Corn Street, the news-sheet gained a weekly circulation of over 15,000. He wrote much of the paper himself, but was assisted by local journalist Roy Norris and by his long-term partner Jane Nicholl. The success of The Bristolian led to the Bristolian Party, which stood in the 2003 Bristol City Council elections in an attempt to mobilise discontent with Bristol City Council's policies. Bone was criticised by some in the anarchist community for his involvement with this campaign. On 1 May 2003, 2,560 people voted for the Bristolian Party, which gained an 8% share of the vote in the 12 wards they contested. The Bristolian was runner-up for the Paul Foot Award for investigative journalism in 2005. It ceased publication shortly afterwards but has since returned in the same format with occasional double-page issues.
On 6 December 2006, Bone appeared on Channel 4's current affairs discussion show Starkey's Last Word, alongside Ed Vaizey and Harriet Harman, discussing the Iraq War. In it, Bone contended that the solution to the failing war was that British soldiers serving in Iraq should take part in mass desertion, that 10 Downing Street should be blockaded on May Day (International Workers' Day), and that the two speakers beside him, both of whom were pre-war advocates of the Iraq invasion, should be put on trial for war crimes.
Tangent Books published Bone's autobiography, Bash the Rich, in 2006. He sold its film rights to cult British film maker Greg Hall for £10 in 2007. A blog was created to follow the film from its conception to release. To promote the book, Bone organised a "Bash the Rich" march through Notting Hill, claiming he would march on David Cameron's house.
Bone said that Class War was standing candidates at the 2015 United Kingdom general election "because all other candidates are scum".
In September 2018, Russia Today broadcast footage of Bone doorstepping Conservative MP Jacob Rees-Mogg, shouting "Your daddy is a very horrible person" and "lots of people hate your daddy" at his young children. Bone's targeting of Rees-Mogg's children was widely condemned.
In May 2021, Bone unsuccessfully stood for election in a council by-election in Croydon.
Works
Anarchy in the UK podcast episodes
References
External links
The Ian Bone Blog
1947 births
English anarchists
Living people
Politicians from Bristol
Alumni of Swansea University
People from Mere, Wiltshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Bone
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Waldfeucht ( ) is a German municipality in the Heinsberg district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Federal Republic of Germany. It is situated on the border with the Kingdom of the Netherlands, approx. 15 km south of Roermond and 8 km west of Heinsberg.
Geography
Waldfeucht is located west of Heinsberg in the Selfkant natural area between the Wurm river in the east and the Meuse river in the west.
To the west, the border between the Netherlands and Germany forms the municipal boundary over a length of about 10 km. The highest point in the community is 72.7 m above sea level, normalnull is located south of the "Breuner Maar" between Bocket and Breberen, the lowest point 31.7 m is in the Kitscher Bruch between the villages of Haaren and Karken on the municipal border.
The municipal area extends 8.5 km north to south and it is 6.0 km from west to east.
Population centers
In addition to the town of Waldfeucht, these villages belong to the municipality:
Bocket
Braunsrath
Brüggelchen
Frilinghoven
Haaren
Hontem
Löcken
Obspringen
Schöndorf
Selsten
History
Traces of settlement and prehistoric burial grounds prove the presence of people in the Waldfeucht municipal area since the 4th millennium BC. Today's communities are either Franconian settlements of the 6th and 7th centuries, or they emerged as clearing settlements in the 9th and 10th centuries. They are all mentioned in documents from the 12th and 13th centuries.
As early as the 13th century, the village of Waldfeucht was the most important place in the surrounding area, which went beyond today's municipal boundaries, it was called a "city" and had market rights. The location on the Roman road from Heerlen - Xanten and on the road that led from Heinsberg through the Echter Bruch into the Maasland contributed significantly to this development and led to the fact that the ownership of Waldfeucht was disputed between the rival territories of Geldern, Burgundy, Brabant and Heinsberg for centuries. The fortifications around Waldfeucht, today characterized by hedge paths and cottage gardens, which consisted of ramparts, ditches and two city gates destroyed in World War II, bear witness to these times.
The abundance of forests and the fertile arable soils formed the basis for the community's economic life in the Middle Ages . Very early on, handicrafts and trading companies settled in Waldfeucht, from which tanning and brewing trades were carried out up until today. The metalworking and blacksmithing trade was in full bloom in Waldfeucht in the 16th century. Linen and velvet weaving was also carried out in Waldfeucht until the 19th century.
The demarcation established by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 cut up a cultural and economic area that had grown over the centuries. Waldfeucht became part of the Rhine Province and became a border town. Today's municipality of Waldfeucht was formed in connection with the Aachen Act on January 1, 1972 from the former office of Waldfeucht with the municipalities of Braunsrath, Haaren and Waldfeucht, as well as the districts of Haas and Haaserdriesch of the former municipality of Kirchhoven.
References
External links
Official site
Heinsberg (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldfeucht
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The Western Water Polo Association (WWPA) is a single sport intercollegiate college athletic conference sponsoring men's and women's water polo. The WWPA is affiliated with the NCAA, and includes 15 member institutions, mostly in California, with one institution each in Illinois, and West Virginia and two in Erie, Pennsylvania. The league has five teams in its men's league and nine in its women's league, with only Fresno Pacific and UC San Diego fielding teams for both sexes in the WWPA. The three easternmost schools, Gannon, Mercyhurst, and Salem, also field teams for both men and women, but only the women's teams are in the WWPA, with the men's teams instead playing in the Collegiate Water Polo Association.
The WWPA members play a regular season of conference and non-conference games, followed by a championship tournament at the conclusion of both the men's and women's seasons, with the winner earning the league's automatic bid to the NCAAs.
Members
NCAA water polo is a fall sport for men and a spring sport for women. For women's members, the year of joining is the calendar year before the first season of competition. For men's members, the year of departure is the calendar year after the final season of competition.
Men's teams
Women's teams
Former members
References
External links
Water polo in the United States
NCAA conferences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Water%20Polo%20Association
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Edo Mulahalilović (; born 23 March 1964 – 27 June 2010) was a Bosnian songwriter and producer.
He was born in Sarajevo and died in Belgrade in 2010 after a long battle with cancer.
1983: Edo together with Zoran Kesić (keyboards), Pjer Žalica (bass player and film director) and Izudin Kolečić (drummer) founded the band called Baobab (Edo was guitar player and singer).
1985: The four musicians together with singer Hajrudin Varešanović formed the band Hari Mata Hari, which became one of the most popular pop bands in former Yugoslavia.
1991: Edo released a solo album “Jedna je pjesma cijeloga života” but the war in ex-Yugoslavia stopped the tour and promotion.
1994: For the Eurovision song contest in Dublin, Edo wrote a song “Ostani kraj mene” ("Stay with me”) in cooperation with his brother Adi, to represent Bosnia and Herzegovina.
1996-2002: Edo worked in Finland as composer and producer with many Scandinavian artists.
References
1964 births
2010 deaths
Musicians from Sarajevo
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina
20th-century Bosnia and Herzegovina male singers
Yugoslav musicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edo%20Mulahalilovi%C4%87
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Malé English School (M.E.S.) was a private school in Malé, the capital of the Maldives. M.E.S was established on 10 April 1977. When it first opened it had 60 students and 2 permanent teachers, in 1998 it had over 2000 students and 60 teachers. The founders were Ahmed Zahir and Hussain Shibab of Maafannu Seena and Maafannu Kaly. Mr. Ali Musthafa became the principal in 1978. The school had received many achievements in Singing & Music, Literature and Sports.
This school is no longer functioning. The Ministry of Education decided that the old M.E.S. building will be used for the newly made, Izzudheen School.
Uniform Bodies
Cadet
Cadet activities began at the school on 17 May 1992, since then the activities had improved. M.E.S. Cadets had took part in national level celebrations by keeping pace with other participants of route marchers. M.E.S. cadets had participated in training camps organized by the NSS and had significant achievements. With the birth of the National Cadet Corps of Maldives (NCC), M.E.S. cadets easily found their way into officer ranks of NCC.
Brass Band
Brass band instruments were received under the auspices of former president, Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, brass band activities started on 18 May 1990. Towards the end of 1994, under special assistance of the former president, band instruments were further enriched and new heights were achieved.
Scouting
Scouting began at M.E.S. on 26 August 1983 in the name of the Second Malé Scout Group. Numerous training coursed had been run to train assistant patrol leaders and a number of training camps were conducted. The most significant feats in scouting had been the participation of 4 M.E.S. scouts at the Pakistan National Jumboree in Koitar held from 10 September - 4 August in 1994, and also the participation of 6 scouts at the Fourth International Adventure held in Panchmadhi of Madhya Pradesh, India from 16 to 25 February. Ahmed Nasheed was incharge of Scouting at MES.
Girl Guides
In the name of the Second Malé Girl Guides, the activity was started on 12 October 1983. Several camps have been held to promote girl guide activity. In addition to training camps and courses held in the country, M.E.S. guides had attended training programmes overseas, One of the most significant experiences for the guides had been the one organized in Kuching Sarawak, Malaysia on 21 May 2000. Six guides took part in the event. Fathimath Nihad and Sausan Saeed were in charge of the M.E.S. girl guides activities.
Adhabee Busthaan (Literary Association)
Ever since its inception in 1980, this association has been producing orators, poets and writers of outstanding calibre. The president was Muhammad Widad, Amin Ibrahim as Chief Coordination and Abdulla Amin as assist as coordinators.
Society for Environmental Awareness (SEA)
This society was officially inaugurated by one of the two founders of M.E.S., who was then Director of Environment at the Ministry of Planning and Environment, Hussain Shihab. He was the former Permanent Representative of the Maldives to the UN.
M.E.S. Prefects
Prefects of M.E.S. were selected on the basis of merit and prominence in co-curricular activities. The first prefects were appointed on 9 September 1980. The first captain of M.E.S. was Amina Afeef of Alidhoadhi, GDh. Thinadhoo. This honor was conferred on her in 1987.
External links
School Website (Archived)
References
Educational institutions established in 1977
Schools in the Maldives
Malé
1977 establishments in the Maldives
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%A9%20English%20School
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Rhodogune (; 2nd century BCE) was a queen of the Seleucid Empire by marriage to Demetrius II Nicator. She was the daughter of the Parthian king Mithridates I (171 BCE-132 BCE), and sister of Phraates II (ruled 132 BCE-127 BCE).
Life
In 138 BCE Rhodogune married Seleucid King Demetrius II Nicator (ruled 146-139 BCE, 129-126 BCE). They were kept by her brother in Hyrcania on the shores of the Caspian Sea, during which time they had several children. During their marriage, Demetrius was temporarily a hostage in the Parthian court after an ill-fated campaign in Babylonia.
Polyaenus wrote that Rhodogune, informed of a revolt while preparing for a bath, vowed not to bathe or brush her hair until the revolt was quashed. She immediately went into battle, riding out to the head of her army. She defeated the rebels, and was depicted thereafter on seals of the kings of Persia with long, disheveled hair because of her adherence to her vow. This incident is also mentioned in the anonymously written Tractatus de mulieribus, which elaborates further on the story, describing her as being depicted with a golden statue showing her hair half-braided, half unbraided.
She was presumably abandoned in 129 BCE when Demetrius, after numerous failed attempts to escape from Parthia, was dispatched back to Antioch during the invasion of Parthia by Demetrius's brother, Antiochus VII Sidetes.
References
Sources
2nd-century BC births
2nd-century BC Iranian people
2nd-century BC women
Seleucid royal consorts
Parthian princesses
Women in ancient Near Eastern warfare
Year of death unknown
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodogune%20of%20Parthia
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Ischnura senegalensis, also known variously as common bluetail, marsh bluetail, ubiquitous bluetail, African bluetail, and Senegal golden dartlet, is a widespread damselfly of the family Coenagrionidae. It is native from Africa, through the Middle East, to southern and eastern Asia.
Description and habitat
It is a small damselfly with black capped bluish green eyes. Its thorax is black on dorsum and greenish blue on the sides. Its abdomen is black on dorsum up to segment 7. Segments 1 and 2 are greenish blue and 3 to 7 are khaki yellow on the sides. Segments 8 and 9 are azure blue, with 9 black on dorsum. Segment 10 is black on dorsum and khaki yellow on the sides. The green on thorax and abdomen may turn to blue in both male and female when aged.
The females of this species exhibit sexual mimicry. One group mimics the males’ colour (androchromes). Other group will have their own female colouration (gynochromes). Androchrom female looks exactly like the male except in sexual characteristics. In gynochrome, the eyes are olive green with orange above. Sides of the thorax is mud colored, will pale when matured. All the abdominal segments are marked with black on dorsum. The lateral sides are khaki yellow. Segments 1-2 and 8-10 have orange color laterally, will fade when matured.
It breeds in marshes, weedy ponds and wetlands.
See also
List of odonates of India
List of odonates of Sri Lanka
List of odonata of Kerala
References
External links
Ischnura senegalensis photos
Notes on dragonflies in Egypt
Ischnura senegalensis in Borneo Island
Ischnura
Odonata of Africa
Insects described in 1842
Taxa named by Jules Pierre Rambur
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischnura%20senegalensis
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CATOBAR ("Catapult Assisted Take-Off But Arrested Recovery" or "Catapult Assisted Take-Off Barrier Arrested Recovery") is a system used for the launch and recovery of aircraft from the deck of an aircraft carrier. Under this technique, aircraft launch using a catapult-assisted take-off and land on the ship (the recovery phase) using arrestor wires.
Although this system is costlier than alternative methods, it provides greater flexibility in carrier operations, since it imposes less onerous design elements on fixed wing aircraft than alternative methods of launch and recovery such as STOVL or STOBAR, allowing for a greater payload for more ordnance and/or fuel. CATOBAR can launch aircraft that lack a high thrust to weight ratio, including heavier non-fighter aircraft such as the E-2 Hawkeye and Grumman C-2 Greyhound.
Types
The catapult system in use in modern CATOBAR carriers is the steam catapult. Its primary advantage is the amount of power and control it can provide. During World War II the US Navy used a hydraulic catapult.
The United States Navy has developed a system to launch carrier-based aircraft from catapults using a linear motor drive instead of steam, called the EMALS.
Current users
Only three states currently operate carriers that use the CATOBAR system following the decommissioning of Brazil's NAe São Paulo in February 2017; the U.S. with its Nimitz-class and Gerald R. Ford-class, France with its Charles De Gaulle, and China with its Type-003 Fujian carrier.
U.S. Navy Gerald R. Ford-class carriers will use the EMALS electromagnetic aircraft launch system in place of steam catapults.
Active CATOBAR aircraft carrier classes
CATOBAR carriers under construction
List of CATOBAR aircraft
F/A-18E/F – only operated by the US Navy.
EA-18G – only operated by the US Navy.
C-2A – only operated by the US Navy.
F/A-18 – only operated by the US Marine Corps.
Rafale M – only operated by the French Navy.
E-2C/D – only active with the US Navy and the French Navy.
F-35C – only operated by the US Navy and Marine Corps.
Potential users
The Chinese Fujian (Type 003) features an integrated electric propulsion system that will allow the operation of electromagnetic catapults, similar to the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) used by the United States Navy.
INS Vishal, India's second indigenous aircraft carrier of the Vikrant-class, is planned to be of 65,000 ton displacement and to utilize the EMALS catapults developed by General Atomics, as it supports heavier fighters, AEW aircraft and UCAVs that cannot launch using a STOBAR ski jump ramps.
See also
List of all aircraft carriers
References
Aircraft carriers
Naval aviation technology
Types of take-off and landing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CATOBAR
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The Chevrolet SS was a concept car designed, branded, and built by Chevrolet. It was introduced at the 2003 North American International Auto Show, but was never approved for official production.
References
External links
Chevy SS at Edmunds.com
SS
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Cars introduced in 2003
Sports sedans
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevrolet%20SS%20%28concept%20car%29
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George William Allan (August 13, 1860 – December 6, 1940) was a Canadian lawyer and politician.
Life and career
Born in Toronto, his father, George William Allan Sr., served in the Senate of Canada for 35 years, including a term as Speaker of the Senate. The younger Allan moved during his adult life to Winnipeg, Manitoba, where he was elected to one term in the House of Commons of Canada in the 1917 election as the Unionist Member of Parliament for Winnipeg South.
Allan's grandfather was William Allan, member of the Home District and Legislative Council of Upper Canada.
Allan was married to Muriel Hester Wragge and had five children:
Jocelyn Otillie Allan (1897-?)
Enid Carlyon Allan (1899-?)
George William Allan (1902-?)
Arthur Carlyne "Tony" Allan (1907-?)
Edmund Allan (1913-?)
He died in Victoria in 1940 and was buried in Winnipeg.
References
External links
1860 births
1940 deaths
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Manitoba
Unionist Party (Canada) MPs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20William%20Allan%20%28Manitoba%20politician%29
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Rebelde is a 2004–2006 Mexican telenovela adapted from Rebelde Way.
Rebelde may refer to:
Music
Albums
Rebelde (album), a 2004 album by RBD
Rebelde (Edição Brasil), the 2004 Brazilian Portuguese version of the album
Rebelde (soundtrack), a 2012 soundtrack album for the Brazilian soap opera
La Rebelde, a 2005 album by Ninel Conde
Rebelde, a 2002 album by Celso Piña
Rebelde, a 1998 album by Rebeca
Rebelde, a 1990 album by Jerry Rodriguez and Mercedes for SugarHill Recording Studios
Songs
"Rebelde" (song), a song by RBD from Rebelde
"La Rebelde", a song by Ninel Conde
"Rebelde", a song by Hamlet
Other uses
Rebelde (comics), a 2006 comic book series based on the Mexican telenovela
Rebelde (Brazilian TV series), a 2011–2012 Brazilian telenovela adapted from the Mexican telenovela
Rebelde (2022 TV series), a Mexican series based on the Mexican telenovela of the same name that premiered on Netflix in 2022
See also
Rebelde Way, an Argentine soap opera created by Cris Morena, 2002-2003
Soy rebelde, a 1971 Spanish album by singer Jeanette
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebelde%20%28disambiguation%29
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Inquirer or The Inquirer may refer to:
The Inquirer, a British technology news website
The Inquirer (Liberia), a Liberian newspaper
The Inquirer (Perth) a newspaper published in Perth, Western Australia, between 1840 and 1855
The Inquirer, a British Unitarianism magazine that has been published since 1842
The Philadelphia Inquirer, an American newspaper
Philippine Daily Inquirer, a Filipino newspaper
Radyo Inquirer, a Filipino AM Radio Station
The New York Daily Inquirer, a fictional newspaper in the film Citizen Kane
The St. Louis Inquirer, a fictional newspaper in the film Citizen Kane
The Indianapolis Daily Inquirer, a fictional newspaper in the film The Magnificent Ambersons
The US Inquirer, an American newspaper
See also
Enquirer (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inquirer
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Alexander Gibson may refer to:
Alexander Gibson, Lord Durie I (died 1644), Scottish judge
Alexander Gibson, Lord Durie II (died 1656), Scottish judge, son of Alexander Gibson, Lord Durie I
Alexander Gibson (botanist) (1800–1867), botanist and forester in India
Alexander Craig Gibson (1813–1874), folklorist around Coniston, Cumbria
Alexander Gibson (conductor) (1926–1995), Scottish conductor and music director
Alexander Gibson (industrialist) (1819–1913), Canadian industrialist
Alexander Gibson (politician) (1852–1920), Canadian politician
Alexander George Gibson (1875–1950), English physician
Alexander James Gibson (1876–1960), professor of engineering at University of Queensland in Australia
See also
Alex Gibson (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Gibson
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TVRI (, Television of the Republic of Indonesia), legally ( Public Broadcasting Institution Television of the Republic of Indonesia) is an Indonesian national public television network. Established on 24 August 1962, it is the oldest television network in the country. Its national headquarters is in Gelora, Central Jakarta.
TVRI monopolized television broadcasting in Indonesia until 24 August 1989, when the first commercial television station RCTI went on the air. Alongside RRI, TVRI was converted from a state-controlled broadcaster under government department into an independent public broadcaster on 18 March 2005, becoming the first public broadcaster in the country.
TVRI currently broadcasts throughout the country with three national channels as well as 33 regional stations. As of 2020 it has 361 transmitters; making it the network with the largest terrestrial coverage than any other television network in the country. Its funding primarily comes from annual state budget approved by the parliament, advertisement, and other services.
History
1962–1975: The idea and initial broadcast
The initial idea to establish a television station in Indonesia was put forward by then Minister of Information Maladi as far as 1952. The argument at the time is that it would be useful for the socialization of the upcoming 1955 general election, but the idea was deemed as too expensive by the cabinet.
The plan to organize the first television broadcast finally began to materialize when in 1961, the Indonesian Government decided to include the television mass media project in the IV Asian Games development project under the IV Asian Games Project Affairs Command (KUPAG). On July 25 1961, the Minister of Information issued Decree of the Minister of Information of the Republic of Indonesia (SK Menpen) No. 20/SK/M/1961 concerning the formation of the Television Preparatory Committee (P2TV). This institution is chaired by RM Soetarto, head of the State Film Directorate. Apart from Soetarto, there were also his representatives, namely RM Soenarjo and 7 committee members, and they worked together with the Ministry of Information to prepare television broadcasts in Indonesia. To learn more about television, the President then sent Soetarto to New York and Atlanta, United States.
On 23 October 1961 at 09.30, President Sukarno who was in Vienna, Austria sent a telex to Maladi to immediately prepare a television project with the following targets:
Building a studio at the former AKPEN (Information Academy) in Senayan, which is now the location of the LPP TVRI head office. This location was chosen because it was close to the Bung Karno Sports Arena, so it was more practical for broadcasting the Asian Games event. Before occupying this location, other locations that had been studied as TVRI studios included the PFN Jatinegara Building, the Topography Bureau Building, the RRI transmitter in Kebayoran, and several other places.
Built two transmitters: 100W and 10 kW with a tower 80 meters high. Built in the TVRI Senayan complex, initially this tower was planned to be above the Hotel Indonesia or the former Perfini Building. The second transmitter was completed on 22 August 1962 and was ready for operation a few hours before the start of the IV Asian Games.
Preparing the equipment (programs and personnel). Specifically, the equipment supply comes from NEC (Japan), after going through selection from other providers, such as Siemens (West Germany), RCA (United States), and Marconi (England). Apart from NEC, another Japanese company involved in the preparation of TVRI was NHK, which trained prospective employees and provided technical assistance for the broadcast. This training was carried out for TVRI employees who generally had no experience in television at that time, because they came from RRI, PFN, as well as ITB students.
On August 17 1962, TVRI began conducting trial broadcasts of the 17th Indonesian Independence Day event from the grounds of the Merdeka Palace, Jakarta, in black and white format and supported by a backup transmitter with a power of 100W. The TVRI broadcast complex was completed in less than a year and was inaugurated on 23 August 1962 by the chairman of P2TV.
TVRI was formed based on the Decree of the Minister of Information of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20/SK/VII/61, then it became part of the Bureau of Radio and Television under the Asian Games IV Organizing Committee for the IV Asian Games that year. TVRI broadcast its first test transmission on the Independence Day celebrations from the Merdeka Palace on 17 August 1962. TVRI went on air, airing the 1962 Asian Games opening ceremony on 24 August. Throughout the Games TVRI aired every event of the meet especially those involving Indonesian athletes; live broadcasts were held from the morning to evening and delayed broadcasts were held from 20:45 until 23:00 WIB when it signed off for the night. With TVRI's presence, Indonesia became the sixth country in eastern Asia to introduce television, behind Japan, the Philippines, Thailand, China and South Korea. During the Asian Games, Matsushita awarded a contract from the Indonesian Ministry of People's Industry for the installation of television sets, worth $3 million.
TVRI began broadcasting advertisements starting March 1963. Later on 20 October, the Yayasan TVRI (TVRI Foundation) was formally created as the official governing authority for the station with President of Indonesia as chairman. The foundation experienced several changes and lasted until late 1990s.
Two years later, the first regional TVRI station opened in Yogyakarta. Later, many regional TVRI stations were opened, including stations and studios in Bandung, Semarang, Medan, Surabaya, Makassar, Manado, Batam, Palembang, Denpasar and Balikpapan. In the succeeding years, TVRI aired as a network carrying programming from Jakarta supplemented by opt-out broadcasts from the regional stations.
1975–1998: Under the New Order
In 1974, eight years after President Suharto took office, TVRI became a part of the Department of Information, with the status as a directorate. Its role was to inform the public about government policies. A year after, a decree instituted TVRI a dual status, as a part of the TVRI Foundation and a part of the directorate. In 1976, it began to be broadcast all over Indonesia via Palapa satellite.
The first colour television signal was transmitted via satellite transmission in 1979. The first colour news bulletins were Berita Nasional (National News), Dunia Dalam Berita (The World in News), breaking events segments on Laporan Khusus (Special Report) and Berita Terakhir (Latest News).
TVRI in the late 1970s and 1980s became a well-defined mass media component of the Department of Information, in early years it generating income from advertising slots. After enjoying income from advertisements for years, President Suharto in his speech abolished the advertisement on TVRI in 1981 in order to "better directing television to help the development programs and avoid negative effects that do not support the spirit of development". This policy would later be revoked after the reform era. In 1982 TVRI Tower was officially opened to broadcast a wider signal.
During the era, the government-backed TVRI progressively established television production studios and television stations in many provinces across the country. As of 1998, all provinces in Indonesia had their own TVRI regional station or production studio; including East Timor.
It was decided in February 1981 that television commercials were to be banned by April, with TVRI scheduled to lost 20 billion rupiahs ($64 million) a year. With the ban, TVRI eyed the creation of programming for rural audiences.
In the 1980s the decision was made to split TVRI into two channels - Channels 6 and 8 - the latter as a test service for Jakarta and West Java viewers as well as in other areas wherein network-produced programs and foreign imports would be shared between the two channels.
On the Channel 8 basis TVRI launched its second channel TVRI Programa Dua (TVRI Programme Two) in 1989 to attract Jakarta urban audience, with a single English-language news program Six Thirty Report for half an hour that began at 18:30 WIB; later Programa Dua became a local channel under the name TVRI Jakarta. However, in the same year TVRI lost its monopoly when the government's sixth Five Year Plan allowed private television networks, channels, and stations to begin broadcasting, the first commercial television network being RCTI.
In 1994, TVRI launched its teletext service TVRI-Text, in partnership with PT Pilar Kumalajaya, about four months after RCTI launched the first teletext in the country.
1998–2006: Transformation and restructurization
After the start of the reform era, especially in 2000, TVRI's status was changed. Under a service corporation (Perusahaan Jawatan or Perjan) form, it became responsible firstly to the Ministry of Finance and was then turned into a limited company under the authority of the State Ministry of State-Owned Enterprises for organizational matters and Ministry of Finance for financial matters. Under this arrangement, TVRI broadcasts in accordance with the principles of public television such as independent, neutral and public interest-oriented. Later in 2002, the status of TVRI changed again to a limited company (Perseroan Terbatas or PT), still under the two ministries.
The enactment of the Act No. 32/2002 on Broadcasting designated TVRI, along with RRI, as the public broadcasting institution (Lembaga penyiaran publik or LPP) and were removed from any direct governmental control. TVRI was given a transition period of 3 years from PT to public broadcasting form. The status then reaffirmed by Government Regulation (Peraturan Pemerintah) No. 13/2005. TVRI officially became LPP on 18 March 2005.
2006–present: Modernization and rebranding
Following the government plan to introduce digital television in Indonesia, TVRI launched its digital broadcasting on 21 December 2010. Initially launched in Jakarta, Surabaya and Batam, TVRI also launched two digital terrestrial channels, which were the first of its kind in Indonesia: TVRI 3 (currently TVRI World) and TVRI 4 (currently TVRI Sport). The launch was attended by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Minister of Communications and Information Technology Tifatul Sembiring.
In 2017, the TVRI board of supervisors installed a well-known television figure, Helmy Yahya as the chief director and Apni Jaya Putra (former programming director at Kompas TV and employer of SCTV, RCTI and SUN TV) as the news and programming director. During the leadership of Helmy Yahya and Apni Jaya Putra, TVRI began to remodel its programming on a large scale.
On 29 March 2019, at the concert special Menggapai Dunia (Reaching the World), TVRI adopted its new logo as a part of the rebranding efforts. The new logo was actually decided to be released in the fourth quarter of 2018, but for several reasons, it was postponed to the end of March 2019. At the same time, all TVRI regional stations have changed their logo in front of their respective studios.
In August 2019, TVRI together with two national private networks (Metro TV and Trans7) and Ministry of Communication and Information Technology officially launched digital television broadcasts for border regions in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan. With the launch, the government hoped that people in all regions of Indonesia can watch television with high quality.
A proposed new Broadcasting Act currently in the making, replacing Act No. 32/2002, would merge TVRI with RRI into RTRI (Radio Televisi Republik Indonesia, Radio [and] Television of the Republic of Indonesia).
Structure
TVRI is designated as public broadcasting institution per Act No. 32 of 2002 on Broadcasting, which defined as a "legal entity established by the state, independent, neutral, not commercial, and has the function to provide services for the public benefit". Its duty, according to Government Regulation No. 13 of 2005, is "to provide the healthy information, education and entertainment services, (maintain) social control and unity, and preserve the nation's culture for the whole public benefit by organizing television broadcast that reaches all parts of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia".
TVRI organization structure consists of five Board of Supervisors (Dewan Pengawas) appointed by the People's Representative Council (DPR) and six Board of Directors (Dewan Direksi) appointed by the Board of Supervisors. Both are sworn in by the President, serve for five years and renewable once.
According to article 15 of the Broadcasting Act, TVRI is funded by several sources such as broadcasting fees, annual state budget (drafted by the government and approved by the DPR), community contribution, and advertisement, as well as other legal efforts related to its broadcasting operation. In fact, as of today the broadcasting fee is yet to be implemented, and for "other legal efforts" TVRI is asked to generate "non-tax state revenue" by various funding sources besides annual state budget; such as website ads, training service, professional certification, assets rent, program production, multiplexing service, and programming royalty. Previously, "television fee" has existed to supplement TVRI funding besides the government budget until the 1990s, but later abolished.
As of 2018 TVRI has approximately 4,300 employees, with an estimated 1,800 of whom being based in Jakarta. 90% of its employees are civil servants under Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, though the network is not a part of the ministry.
Services
Channels
TVRI currently operates three national channels and a dedicated regional channel:
TVRI: The main channel of TVRI, it broadcasts information and educational content as well as entertainment for 24 hours a day.
TVRI regional station: The channel hosts TVRI regional stations by their respective on-air names. In Jakarta, TVRI Jakarta serves as a local station in both analog (until 2022) and digital terrestrial broadcast. See #Regional stations for lists.
TVRI World: The channel broadcasts TVRI programming in English subtitle that targeted for international audience, previously known as TVRI Kanal 3.
TVRI Sport: The channel broadcasts sports programming as well as simulcasting live sports events from the TVRI main channel in high definition.
Regional stations
TVRI has 33 regional stations covering all provinces of Indonesia, shown below in their native names and broadcast area:
A former regional station for East Timor, TVRI Dili, ceased operation in 1999. East Timor national broadcaster RTTL currently takes its place.
Online services
TVRI currently maintain two online services. TVRI Klik, launched in 2018, is the primarily online streaming service for all TVRI channels, as well as its regional stations. TVRI VoD is the network's video-on-demand service. Both services could be accessed from their dedicated Android and iOS apps as well as their website.
Besides TVRI Klik, the channels and regional stations streaming service can also be found on the network's official website, YouTube, and other social media where available.
TVRI has its own news portal on TVRINews.com. The portal, which is active as far as 2014, has undergone several changes since.
Others
TVRI has an educational center called Pusat Pendidikan dan Pelatihan TVRI (Pusdiklat TVRI, TVRI Educational and Training Center) which provides television skill training.
TVRI also manages Studio Alam TVRI (literally "TVRI Natural Studio"), an outdoor studio in Sukmajaya, Depok, West Java. It is a green open space which is used for the production of several TVRI shows, and is also used as a recreational area.
Criticism and controversies
Structural problems
Corruption scandals
In 2008, former TVRI President Director, Sumita Tobing was arrested due to alleged corruption in the procurement of 50 cameras worth 5.2 billion rupiah. She was found guilty in 2012, and imprisoned for 1 year and 6 months in 2014.
In 2013, TVRI Director of Finance Eddy Machmudi Effendi was sentenced to 8 years 6 months in prison due to a scandal involving Director of News and Programming Irwan Hendarmin and Indonesian senior comedian Mandra, regarding purchasing of programs.
Broadcasting of political events
On 6 June 2013, TVRI aired a delayed broadcast of the Muktamar Khilafah (Caliphate Conference) organized by Hizb ut-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) in Gelora Bung Karno Stadium, Jakarta. The Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) Commissioner, Idy Muzayyad assessed that TVRI as a public broadcasting institution was "experiencing national disorientation" by broadcasting this event because "HTI's ideology is questioning the state ideology and nationalism, as well as rejecting democracy"; but HTI spokesperson Ismail Yusanto says that "TVRI is a public broadcaster, and HTI is also a part of the public" and the broadcast is "a part of the public's right to be broadcast and heard". TVRI was subsequently warned by KPI that they could face sanctions for the broadcast.
Later on 15 September, TVRI aired a delayed broadcast of the Democratic Party convention for more than 2 hours, the political party of which was founded by the incumbent president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. The broadcast again caused KPI sanctioning, due to the violation of political independence principle according to the law. However, TVRI directors secretary manager Usi Karundeng said that the network was never intervened or paid for by the party.
Dismissal of Helmy Yahya and internal chaos
On 6 December 2019, Helmy Yahya was temporarily dismissed as President Director for the 2017-2022 period by the TVRI Board of Supervisors led by Arief Hidayat Thamrin and replaced by acting President Director Supriyono. According to news sources in almost all mass media on 16 January 2020, Helmy Yahya was officially dismissed from his position by the board permanently and unilaterally, citing the "expensive" purchase of broadcast rights for the Premier League from Djarum-owned premium multi-platform network, Mola TV, a problem during Siapa Berani quiz show, and various other problems. Despite public pushback against the dismissal, the board continued to refuse Helmy Yahya's opposition to his dismissal until the election for the new president director to replace him.
On 17 January, 4,000 TVRI employees declared a motion of no confidence to the Board of Supervisors. One day before, the board's room was sealed. As of 27 March 2020, another three directors (including News (Editor in Chief) and Program Director Apni Jaya Putra) were also temporarily dismissed for less than a month by the TVRI Board of Supervisors regarding the Helmy Yahya case. On 13 May, all of them (including Apni) were permanently dismissed.
On 27 May 2020, the TVRI Board of Supervisors appointed Indonesian advertising practitioner, journalist, and filmmaker/film director Iman Brotoseno as the new President Director for the remainder of the 2017–2022 period, replacing Helmy Yahya. The appointment caused controversy thanks to his endorsement of incumbent president Joko Widodo in the 2019 election, but he stated that he "would be independent and impartial". He was also criticized for his past posts on Twitter which included Indonesian colloquial terms for pornography and porn films.
On 5 October 2020, the Board of Supervisors Arief Hidayat Thamrin was ultimately dismissed by first commission of People's Representative Council. However, Arief was suspended from power since 11 May.
Identity
List of logos
List of slogans
Menjalin Persatuan dan Kesatuan (Weaving Unity and Oneness, 1962–2001)
Makin Dekat Di Hati (Going Closer to The Heart, 2001–2003)
Semangat Baru (New Spirit, 2003–2012)
Saluran Pemersatu Bangsa (The Nation's Unifying Channel, 2012–2019)
Media Pemersatu Bangsa (The Nation's Unifying Media, 2019–present)
See also
Television in Indonesia
Radio Republik Indonesia, the Indonesian public radio network
Antara, the Indonesian news agency
Public broadcasting in Indonesia
References
Further reading
Department of Information, Republic of Indonesia (1999) Indonesia 1999: An Official Handbook (No ISBN)
Schwartz, Adam (1994) A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s, Allen & Unwin.
External links
TVRI Video On-Demand
TVRI Klik
1962 establishments in Indonesia
Publicly funded broadcasters
Public broadcasting in Indonesia
Mass media companies of Indonesia
Television companies of Indonesia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TVRI
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Sans Plus Attendre is the debut album by Belgian singer Axelle Red, released in 1993.
Five singles were taken from the album: "Kennedy Boulevard", "Elle danse seule", "Je t'attends", "Sensualité" and "Le monde tourne mal".
Track listing
"Elle danse seule" (Richard Seff) – 4:01
"Amoureuse ou pas" (Edward Holland, Lamont Dozier, Brian Holland, Axelle Red) – 3:23
"Vendredi soir" (Brian Nelson, Red) – 2:55
"Sensualité" (Albert Hammond, Shelly Peiken, Red) – 3:50
"Le monde tourne mal" (R. Seff) – 5:18
"Pars" (Daniel Seff, R. Seff) – 3:08
"Je t'attends" (D. Seff, R. Seff) – 3:33
"Un homme ou une femme" (Wigbert Van Lierde, Red) – 3:28
"Femme au volant" (Van Lierde, Red) – 3:41
"Les voisins" (D. Seff, R. Seff) – 3:35
"Présence" (D. Seff, R. Seff) – 4:05
"Kennedy Boulevard" (D. Seff, R. Seff) – 3:42
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
1993 debut albums
Axelle Red albums
Virgin Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sans%20plus%20attendre
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Yiannis Ritsos (; 1 May 1909 – 11 November 1990) was a Greek poet and communist and an active member of the Greek Resistance during World War II. While he disliked being regarded as a political poet, he has been called "the great poet of the Greek left".
Life
Born to a well-to-do landowning family in Monemvasia, Ritsos suffered great losses as a child. The early deaths of his mother and eldest brother from tuberculosis, his father's struggles with a mental disease, and the economic ruin of his family marked Ritsos and affected his poetry. Ritsos himself was confined in a sanatorium for tuberculosis from 1927–1931.
Literary start
In 1934, Ritsos joined the Communist Party of Greece (KKE). He maintained a working-class circle of friends and published Tractor in 1934. Kostis Palamas, the well known and respected poet, impressed by his talent, praised him publicly.
In 1935, he published Pyramids; these two works sought to achieve a fragile balance between faith in the future, founded on the Communist ideal, and personal despair. Tractors and Pyramids initially were not well-received by leftist critics, who found the language "too embellished" and Ritsos overly focused on form.
He was inspired for his landmark poem Epitaphios by a photo of a dead protester during a massive tobacco-workers demonstration in Thessaloniki in May 1936. Published the same year, it broke with the shape of the Greek traditional popular poetry and expressed in clear and simple language a message of the unity of all people.
Political upheaval and the poet
In August 1936, the right-wing dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas came to power and Epitaphios was burned publicly at the foot of the Acropolis in Athens. Ritsos responded by taking his work in a different direction. He began to explore the conquests of surrealism through the domain of dreams, surprising associations, explosions of images and symbols, a lyricism illustrative of the anguish of the poet, and both tender and bitter souvenirs. During this period Ritsos published The Song of my Sister (1937) and Symphony of the Spring (1938).
Axis occupation, Civil War and the Junta
During the Axis occupation of Greece (1941–1945) Ritsos became a member of the EAM (National Liberation Front) and authored several poems for the Greek Resistance. These include a booklet of poems dedicated to the resistance leader Aris Velouchiotis, written immediately upon the latter's death on 16 June 1945. Ritsos also supported the Left in the subsequent Civil War (1946-1949); in 1948 he was arrested and spent four years in prison camps. In the 1950s Epitaphios, set to music by Mikis Theodorakis, became the anthem of the Greek Left.
In 1967 he was arrested by the Papadopoulos dictatorship and sent to a prison camp in Gyaros, later to Samos and finally Lemnos.
Legacy
Today, Ritsos is considered one of the great Greek poets of the twentieth century, alongside Konstantinos Kavafis, Kostas Kariotakis, Angelos Sikelianos, Giorgos Seferis, and Odysseas Elytis. The French poet Louis Aragon once said that Ritsos was "the greatest poet of our age." Pablo Neruda declared him to be more deserving of the Nobel Prize for Literature than himself. Ritsos was unsuccessfully proposed nine times for it. When he won the Lenin Peace Prize in 1975, he declared "this prize is more important for me than the Nobel."
His poetry was banned at times in Greece due to his left wing beliefs.
Notable works by Ritsos include Pyramids (1935), Epitaphios (1936; second edition, 1956), Vigil (1941–1953), Romiosini (1954) and 18 short songs of the bitter Motherland (/) (1973). Stratis Haviaras also praised two poems (the one about Jesus and the one about Karl Marx) in his first collection Tractor (1934). Robert Shannan Peckham described him as "perhaps Greece's greatest contemporary poet." Epitaphios became an anthem of the Greek left in the 1950s, and his best-known work.
Ritsos won the first Greek state poetry award for Moonlight Sonata:
Some offer more measured praise. In a review of Selected Poems: 1938-1988, James Erdman argued,
To my ear, many of these selections are simply short prose works, lacking the concentration of the best poetry. The pieces of ancient history and mythology from Repetitions such as "The Graves of Our Ancestors," "Alcmene," "Philometa," and "Achilles After Death" seem among the better efforts. [...] he often uses dream imagery, which can be effective in small doses but soon grows monotonous: not all concepts can be expressed in images. [...] But Ritsos is also capable of writing with great power. His best poem is "Romiosini," a lengthy paean to the spirit of the Greek Resistance.Ted Sampson stated that Louis Aragon's declaration about Ritsos was "hyperbolic", but wrote that the poet still "excelled in brief epigrammatic utterances as well as in extended lyrics, sequences, and verse dramas of astonishing imagistic and thematic originality—to say nothing of their latent emotional intensity".
Ritsos is also a Golden Wreath Laureate of the Struga Poetry Evenings for 1985.
His daughter, Eri, was a candidate for the European Parliament with KKE in the elections of 25 May 2014.
Translations
Subterranean Horses, tr. Minas Savvas, illustrations by the author (1980)
Chronicle of Exile, tr. M. Savvas (1977) [select poems]
Eighteen Short Songs of the Bitter Motherland, tr. A. Mims, illus. Y. Ritsos (1974) [Greek and English]
Exile and Return, tr. E. Keeley (1985; repr. 1987, 1989) [select poems]
Gestures and other poems, 1968-1970, tr. N. Stangos, illus. by the poet (1971)
Repetitions, Testimonies, Parentheses, tr. E. Keeley (1990)
Selected Poems 1938-1988, tr. K. Friar, K. Myrsiades & others (1989)
Selected Poems, tr. N. Stangos (1974)
The Fourth Dimension, tr. P. Green, B. Bardsley (1993)
Late Into the Night: The Last Poems of Yannis Ritsos, trans. Martin McKinsey (Oberlin College Press, 1995).
Diaries of Exile, Archipelago Books, , (2012)
Petrified Time: Poems from Makrónissos, trans. Martin McKinsey and Scott King (Red Dragonfly Press, 2014). .
Twelve Poems About Cavafy, tr. Paul Merchant (Tavern Books, 2010)
Monochords, tr. Paul Merchant (Tavern Books, 2017)
References
External links
Poetry translated into English
Moonlight Sonata (in Greek and English)
Ritsos on poetryfoundation biography and poems translated into English
1909 births
1990 deaths
People from Laconia
Greek communists
Modern Greek poets
Generation of the '30s
Communist writers
Communist poets
Prisoners and detainees of Greece
20th-century Greek poets
National Liberation Front (Greece) members
Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath laureates
Recipients of the Lenin Peace Prize
20th-century Greek male writers
Greek male poets
Male dramatists and playwrights
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiannis%20Ritsos
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Enquirer or The Enquirer may refer to:
National Enquirer, an American supermarket tabloid newspaper
National Enquirer (1836), an American abolitionist newspaper from Pennsylvania
The Cincinnati Enquirer, an American newspaper from Ohio
Columbus Ledger-Enquirer, an American newspaper from Georgia
See also
Inquirer (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enquirer
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Artificial creation is a field of research that studies the primary synthesis of complex lifelike structures from primordial lifeless origins.
The field bears some similarity to artificial life, but unlike artificial life, artificial creation focuses on the primary emergence of complex structures and processes of abiogenesis. Artificial creation does not rely exclusively on the application of evolutionary computation and genetic algorithms to optimize artificial creatures or grow synthetic life forms. Artificial creation instead studies systems of rules of interaction, initial conditions and primordial building blocks that can generate complex lifelike structures, based exclusively on repeated application of rules of interaction.
An essential difference that distinguishes artificial creation from other related fields is that no explicit fitness function is used to select for fit structures. Structures exist based only on their ability to persist as entities that do not violate the system's rules of interaction. Artificial creation studies the way in which complex emergent properties can arise to form a self-organizing system.
Origins
Although concepts and elements of artificial creation are represented to some degree in many areas, the field itself is less than a decade old. There are models of self-organizing systems that produce emergent properties in biology, computer science, mathematics, engineering and other fields. Artificial creation differs from these in that it focuses on underlying properties of systems that can generate the endless environmentally interactive complexity of living systems.
One of the primary impetuses for the exploration of artificial creation comes from the realization in the artificial life and evolutionary computing fields that some basic assumptions common in these fields represent subtle mischaracterizations of natural evolution. These fall into two general classes: 1) there are fundamental problems with the use of fitness functions for the primary synthesis of complex systems, and 2) the process of self-replication used in almost all artificial life research is not a fundamental property of self-organizing systems.
Issues
The concept of a fitness function (or objective function) is central to artificial life systems. The fitness function is used to drive a given artificial evolution process to create synthetic organisms capable of performing a given task. However, fitness functions, even aggregate high-level ones, drive evolving systems to particular solutions and place a ceiling on innovation and complexity. Natural evolution does not drive organisms toward particular solutions to problems. There is no motive force for evolution in our universe beyond that of adherence to physical law. This is a subtle point: when modern organisms are viewed in a local context it does appear that they are evolving to optimize particular abilities that will help them survive. This is not the case in a global sense. In fact, the pressure to optimize a given ability comes from the current state of a given population. The only fundamental selective pressure is the ability of structures to adhere to physical law. Stochastic events initiated the appearance of features that we might view as adaptive traits, and it is the local evolution of these traits that much of evolutionary theory is based upon.
The universe maintains its own consistency. However, when trying to model the universe, or create artificial organisms by mimicking natural evolution, the application of fitness functions that select for particular abilities force an unnatural bias onto the evolving organisms.
In evolutionary biology, it is well understood that all properties of organisms and ecosystems are emergent properties of fundamental physical law. The conceptual problems related to generations, offspring and populations that occur in artificial life systems stem from the fact that self-replication is itself an innovation of life on Earth. The dynamics observed in modern self-replicating life forms on Earth are extremely complex emergent properties of the organisms themselves, not driving forces imposed by an external controlling entity.
References
Conferences
Alife: http://alife.org/conferences
GECCO: http://www.sigevo.org/gecco-2016/
Artificial life
Simulation software
Emergence
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20creation
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Sir Harold Vincent Tewson (4 February 1898 – 1 May 1981) was an English trade unionist who served as General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) from 1946 to 1960.
Biography
Harold Vincent Tewson was born in Bradford, Yorkshire. After leaving school at the age of 14, he began working in the office of the Amalgamated Society of Dyers, Finishers and Kindred Trades.
He served in the Army during World War I, being commissioned as a second lieutenant in the West Yorkshire Regiment on 1 August 1917. On 4 February 1918 he was awarded the Military Cross, which was gazetted on 2 July. His citation read:
2nd Lieutenant Harold Vincent Tewson, West Yorkshire Regiment.
"For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. When his men came under very severe machine-gun fire he dashed in front, and so encouraged them by his fearless example that they drove the enemy back and captured the objective. When the fire became so heavy that a gap was caused on his flank, he ran along the front of the line, rallied the men and formed a defensive flank, thus saving a critical situation."
On 1 February 1919 Tewson was promoted to lieutenant in the 5th Battalion of the West Yorkshires.
After the war, Tewson returned to Bradford to work for the Dyers Union. He became involved with the Independent Labour Party, and, aged 25, became the youngest member of Bradford City Council. He joined the TUC in 1925, as Organization Secretary, and was appointed Assistant General Secretary in 1931.
In the late 1930s, during the Spanish Civil War, Tewson was active in the Aid Spain Movement, serving as Vice-Chairman of the Basque Children's Committee, an offshoot of the National Joint Committee for Spanish Relief, founded to care for the nearly 4,000 Basque children evacuated to the UK on the ship Habana in May 1937. He and his wife also organised a committee in Barnet that involved 40 organisations, including "three churches, each political party, the Odd Fellows, the British Legion and several others", all of which agreed to support individual Basque children financially, and the Tewsons helped to run the Barnet home until 1946. He was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in June 1942.
Tewson succeeded Walter Citrine as General Secretary of the TUC in 1946, supporting the post-war economic recovery of Europe, and assisting in creating a trades union advisory Committee for the Marshall Plan. In 1949 he was the secretary of the conference at Geneva during which the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) was created, and served as its President from 1951 to 1953. He was knighted on 14 March 1950. Tewson retired as General Secretary in 1960, and in 1964 was appointed a member of the Independent Television Authority. He died in Letchworth, Hertfordshire in 1981.
References
1898 births
1981 deaths
People from Letchworth
Trade unionists from Bradford
West Yorkshire Regiment officers
Recipients of the Military Cross
General Secretaries of the Trades Union Congress
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
British Army personnel of World War I
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20Tewson
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Patrick Beegan (26 May 1895 – 2 February 1958) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician.
He was born in the townland of Oatfield, Cappataggle, County Galway, to John Beegan, a herdsman, and Mary Stephenson.
He was first elected to Dáil Éireann at the 1932 general election when Fianna Fáil first came to power. He was re-elected for various Galway constituencies a further nine occasions. In 1951 he was appointed to the position of Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance by Éamon de Valera's government. He served in that position until 1954, and was re-appointed in 1957 when Fianna Fáil returned to power. Beegan served in that post until his death on 2 February 1958.
The subsequent by-election to fill Beegan's seat in the Galway South constituency was won by his nephew, Anthony Millar, whose mother, Mary, was Beegan's sister.
References
1895 births
1958 deaths
Fianna Fáil TDs
20th-century Irish farmers
Members of the 7th Dáil
Members of the 8th Dáil
Members of the 9th Dáil
Members of the 10th Dáil
Members of the 11th Dáil
Members of the 12th Dáil
Members of the 13th Dáil
Members of the 14th Dáil
Members of the 15th Dáil
Members of the 16th Dáil
People educated at Garbally College
Politicians from County Galway
Parliamentary Secretaries of the 14th Dáil
Parliamentary Secretaries of the 16th Dáil
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Beegan
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À Tâtons is the second album by the Belgian singer Axelle Red. It was released in 1996.
Singles taken from À Tâtons were "Rien Que d'y Penser", "À Tâtons", "Rester Femme", "À Quoi Ca Sert" and "Ma Prière".
Track listing
"À Tâtons" (Axelle Red, Albert Hammond, Shelly Peiken) – 3:30
"C'était" (Red, Hammond, Peiken) – 4:07
"Mon Café" (Red) – 4:37
"Ma Prière" (Red) – 4:44
"Pas si naïf" (Red, Christophe Vervoort) – 3:42
"À quoi ça sert" (Red, Vervoort) – 3:36
"Papa dit" (Red, Patrick Deltenre, Vervoort) – 4:58
"Qui connaît la route" (Richard Seff, Red) – 3:30
"Rien que d'y penser" (Red, Hammond, Peiken) – 3:06
"T'en fais pas pour moi" (Red, S. Cropper, C. Marsh) – 5:10
"Rester Femme" (Red) – 5:02
"Légère" (R. Seff, Red) – 3:55
"Un Été pour rien" (R. Seff, Daniel Seff, Red) – 3:30
"À Tâtons (reprise)" – 7:32
Charts
Certifications
References
1996 albums
Axelle Red albums
Virgin Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80%20T%C3%A2tons
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Alexander Heath (born 21 September 1978) is a South African Olympic athlete. In the 2006 Winter Olympics, he became the first African to participate in all five Alpine events. He resides in Cape Town.
He said about Bode Miller, "I used to race against Bode, until he made the U.S. team. I went to ski academy in New Hampshire ... I was close behind him in junior champs on a couple of occasions but I never beat him."
Participation
2006 Winter Olympics - Torino, Italy
2002 Winter Olympics - Salt Lake City, Utah
1998 Winter Olympics - Nagano, Japan
External links
NBC Olympic profile
1978 births
Living people
South African male alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers for South Africa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Heath
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Walter Muir Whitehill (September 28, 1905 – March 5, 1978) was an American writer, historian, medievalist, preservationist, and the Director and Librarian of the Boston Athenaeum from 1946 to 1973. He was also editor for publications of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts from 1946 to 1978. From 1951 to 1972, Whitehill was a professor at Harvard University.
Early life and education
Whitehill's father, Reverend Walter Muir Whitehill, was an Episcopalian minister; his mother, Florence Marion Whitehill (née Williams), was a painter. Whitehill attended the Boston Latin School for two years before graduating from Wellesley High School. In 1926, he received an A.B. in English from Harvard University, where he continued to tutor (in art history) for three years following graduation. He returned to Harvard as a student, earning an A.M. degree in medieval art in 1929. On June 5, 1930, he married Jane Revere Coolidge, a descendant of Thomas Jefferson and eldest daughter of Julian Coolidge. He then went to England, where he received a Ph.D. from the University of London in 1934. His dissertation was later published as Spanish Romanesque Architecture of the Eleventh Century (Oxford University Press, 1941). In 1932, he did the first full transcription of the medieval Codex Calixtinus in Santiago de Compostela.
Career
Whitehill was living in Spain studying medieval art when the Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936. He returned to Massachusetts, taking up a position as associate director of the Peabody Essex Museum from 1936 to 1942, while redirecting his research interest from medieval art to American maritime history. In 1942, he went on active duty as a lieutenant in the United States Naval Reserve, where he worked on operation records of World War II.
In 1946, Whitehill began working at the Boston Athenaeum, where he served as its Director and Librarian until 1973. During his tenure at the Boston Athenaeum, Whitehill also assumed the role of recording secretary of the Massachusetts Historical Society as well as a council member of the American Antiquarian Society. He served on the editorial boards of The New England Quarterly, The American Neptune (which he founded in 1941), and the William and Mary Quarterly. Other titles Whitehill held were: editor of the Colonial Society of Massachusetts; librarian of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences; president of Boston's Old South Association; director of the Thomas Jefferson Foundation; and chairman of the Institute of Early American History and Culture.
Whitehill was selected to deliver an important televised address about the history and development of Boston on the occasion of the Bicentennial Celebration of the United States. On July 11, 1976, he spoke at the Old State House in the presence of Queen Elizabeth II, the Mayor of Boston, the Governor of Massachusetts, and a large audience. The text of his address was printed in a publication by the Bostonian Society, which operates the Old State House on behalf of the National Park Service. He delivered the commencement address in 1974 at the College of William and Mary.
Although Whitehill's publishing career focused on Bostoniana, his significant work on Spanish medieval topics represented the first American interest in the subject. He was the author or editor of over a dozen book-length works.
Personal life and death
A 1960 publication described Whitehill's recreations as "gardening, collecting books and prints, printing, and cooking." He was an Episcopalian and a Republican. He lived in North Andover, Massachusetts, where he kept a 15,000 volume personal library in a converted barn.
Whitehill died on March 5, 1978. In his obituary, The New York Times wrote that Whitehill was "regarded as [Boston's] leading cultural figure."
Publications
As author
With Ernest J. King.
2nd ed., enl., 1968. 3rd ed., enl., 2000.
With Frederick Nichols.
As editor
With Sinclair H. Hutchings.
See also
Codex Calixtinus
References
Further reading
External links
Walter Muir Whitehill Prize in Early American History
1905 births
1978 deaths
Writers from Cambridge, Massachusetts
Harvard University alumni
Alumni of the University of London
Harvard University faculty
20th century in Boston
Burials at Monticello
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
Historians from Massachusetts
20th-century American male writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Muir%20Whitehill
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Kenneth Raymond Hunt Jr. (December 14, 1938 – January 27, 2008) was an American starting pitcher who played one full Major League Baseball season for the Cincinnati Reds. Listed at tall and , Hunt batted and threw right-handed. He overcame control problems to reach the major leagues with the Reds in 1961, starting games for the National League champions. He won The Sporting News Rookie Pitcher of the Year Award and appeared in the World Series, which the Reds lost in five games to the New York Yankees. However, his control problems resurfaced in the minor leagues after that, and he never appeared in another major league game. Following his career, he coached baseball and basketball at Morgan High School in Utah for 20 years.
Early life
Hunt was born to Kenneth Sr. and Wanda Hunt in Ogden, Utah. He grew up in that city, getting named to the All-State baseball and basketball teams while attending Ogden High School. After high school, he received baseball and basketball scholarships to Brigham Young University but only went to the institution for a year at the time before starting his professional baseball career. He would later become the first Cougar to make it to the major leagues.
Career
Hunt signed a contract with the Cincinnati Redlegs before the 1958 season after getting spotted by one of the scouts for Redlegs' general manager Gabe Paul. He began his minor league career that year with the Class C Visalia Redlegs of the California League. Hunt struggled with control, prompting Visalia manager Dave Bristol to phone the Redlegs' front office and ask, "Do I really have to pitch this guy that often? They're gonna run me out of town." The front office told him to keep it up, believing the solution to Hunt's control problems was experience. He spent the whole year with Visalia but did not stick in the starting rotation, only starting seven of his 21 games. 75 walks in 54 innings pitched contributed to a 2–5 record and an earned run average (ERA) of 9.00. Next season, Hunt remained with Visalia. Once again, he had more walks (185) than innings pitched (150), and his record was 4–14. However, he lowered his ERA to 6.66 and struck out 160 batters. Sometime in 1959, he married Carol Nelson; later, the couple had their marriage solemnized at the Salt Lake Temple.
The repeated use began to pay off with the Columbia Reds of the Class A South Atlantic League in 1960. Hunt shoved his walk total down to 134, even as his innings pitched rose to 211, in 30 starts. He spent the whole year in Columbia's rotation, winning 16 games (to only six losses) and striking out 221. This earned him a spot at spring training for the Reds in 1961.
Despite his improvement, Hunt was not expected to make the Reds' roster in 1961. Fred Hutchinson, the manager, did not even bother to mention Hunt in a pre-season news release where he discussed rookies to watch. However, Hunt's improved control helped him win a spot in the Reds' starting rotation. His first game actually was not a start, but a relief outing in which he filled in for Reds' ace Jim O'Toole, in a 5–3 loss to the St. Louis Cardinals on April 16. Three days later, he made his first start and got his first career win, giving up two runs (one earned) in eight innings in a 4–2 victory over the San Francisco Giants. On May 23, despite allowing five hits and six walks in innings, he held the Los Angeles Dodgers scoreless, beating Don Drysdale in a 2–0 victory. Hunt got off to a fast start, sporting an 8–3 record and a 2.73 ERA through his first 14 games (13 as a starter). However, after that, he struggled to a 1–7 record and a 6.27 ERA over the rest of the season (though he only walked 22 in innings over that time). He started only one game after August 5 as the Reds went to a four-man rotation down the stretch. Despite his late fade, Hunt won The Sporting News Rookie Pitcher of the Year Award after going 9–10 with 75 strikeouts in 136⅓ innings of work. The Reds surprised experts (Sports Illustrated said they had 25–1 odds of winning the pennant before the season) by finishing in first place in the National League, earning a trip to the World Series against the New York Yankees. Not needed as a starter, Hunt made only one appearance, striking out one and walking one in the ninth inning of the fifth and final game, a blowout 13–5 loss.
Hunt was mentioned in Sports Illustrated's preview of the 1962 Reds as a backup for the Big Three starters of Joey Jay, O'Toole, and Bob Purkey. However, he did not pitch for the Reds that year. In fact, he never pitched in the major leagues again. Hunt did throw in the minor leagues, pitching 16 games (14 starts) between the Reds' Class A affiliate (now the Macon Peaches) and the San Diego Padres of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League. He had a 2–8 record between those teams, with a 7.67 ERA, and his control problems returned, as he walked 80 in 61 innings. Strangely, he gave up fewer earned runs per game at San Diego (3.46 ERA) than at Macon (10.80 ERA).
In 1963, Hunt again split the season between Macon (now a Class AA affiliate) and San Diego, though he only pitched two games for the Padres. In 19 games (18 starts), he had a 7–9 record, a 4.50 ERA, 56 strikeouts, and 89 walks in 88 innings. He spent all of 1964 with Macon, which switched to the Southern League. In 25 games (14 starts), he had a 7–6 record, a 4.59 ERA, 69 strikeouts, and 63 walks in 98 innings.
Cincinnati switched its AA affiliate to the Knoxville Smokies of the Southern League in 1965, and Hunt pitched one final season for them, losing two games and posting a 6.92 ERA in 12 games (four starts). He also got spent time with the Baltimore Orioles' organization that season, giving up five runs in three innings of three games for the Class AAA Rochester Red Wings of the International League that year. His career ended at the age of 26, with him having pitched one season in the major leagues.
Later life
Following his baseball career, Hunt earned his bachelor's degree from Brigham Young University, then taught English and coached basketball and baseball at Morgan High School in Utah from 1983 through 2003. As a basketball coach, he was twice named Utah's 2A coach of the year. In 2004, he was grateful to be inducted into the Utah Sports Hall of Fame. He and his wife had three children: Ken III, Jennifer, and Adam. An avid sportsman, he liked to fish, hunt and camp. Hunt also was an enthusiastic Utah Jazz fan who would shout at the TV while watching their games. Hunt died in Morgan at age 69 while in hospice.
References
External links
Retrosheet
Utah Sports Hall of Fame
Obituary
1938 births
2008 deaths
Baseball players from Utah
Brigham Young University alumni
Cincinnati Reds players
Columbia Reds players
Knoxville Smokies players
Macon Peaches players
Major League Baseball pitchers
People from Morgan, Utah
Sportspeople from the Salt Lake City metropolitan area
Rochester Red Wings players
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
Sportspeople from Ogden, Utah
Visalia Redlegs players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Hunt%20%28pitcher%29
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The Cholones are a tribe of South American Indians in Peru, living on the left bank of the Huallaga River in the Amazon valley. The name
is that given them by the Spanish. They were first met by the Franciscans, who established mission villages among them in 1676.
Life
Cholones were living in the district of Tingo Maria, having their own language, Tinganeses, Seeptsa, which was formerly spoken in the valley of Huallaga River from Tingo Maria to Valle. In 1985 there were only one or two speakers of Tinganeses, Seeptsa. Father Francisco Gutierrez of Franciscans composed a work on their language. Cholones believe that carrying the poisonous tooth of a serpent is a protection against the bite of a serpent.
Economy and trade
The common economic pursuits of Cholones include agriculture, hunting, and fishing. Women were engaged in cultivating cotton and weaving. For centuries, the lowland Cholones had trade relations with the highland Hibitos across the bank of the Huallaga river. Some of the important products, which were generally traded, include feather, wax, honey, stone and metal axes, coca, cotton, hardwoods and medicinal herbs.
References
Indigenous peoples in Peru
Indigenous peoples of the Amazon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholones
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Toujours Moi is a 1999 album by the Belgian singer Axelle Red.
The singles released from this album were "Parce Que C'est Toi", "Bimbo A Moi", "Faire des Mamours", "Ce Matin", "Toujours Moi" and "J'ai Jamais Dit (Que Je Serais Ton Amie)".
Track listing
"Faire des mamours" (Axelle Red, Christophe Vervoort) – 7:42
"Mon Futur proche" (Red, Vervoort) – 3:31
"Ce Matin" (Red, Vervoort) – 2:35
"Parce que c'est toi" (Red, Daniel Seff) – 4:08
"À 82 Ans" (Red, D. Seff) – 2:35
"La Réponse" (Red, Richard Seff) – 4:21
"Bimbo à moi" (Red, R. Seff) – 3:55
"Stay or not" (Red, Vervoort) – 8:42
"J'ai jamais dit (Je serais ton amie)" (Red, D. Seff) – 3:53
"Quitter tôt" (Red, D. Seff) – 2:56
"Toujours Moi" (Red, R. Seff) – 5:49
Charts
Certifications
References
1999 albums
Axelle Red albums
Virgin Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toujours%20Moi
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External stowage platforms (ESPs) are key components of the International Space Station (ISS). Each platform is made from steel and serves as an external pallet that can hold spare parts, also known as orbital replacement units (ORUs), for the space station. As a platform it is not pressurized, but does require electricity to power the heaters of some of the stored equipment. ORUs are attached to the ESP via Flight Releasable Attachment Mechanisms (FRAMs), matching witness plates that mate the ORU to the platform.
While ESP-1 is unique in shape, ESP-2 and ESP-3 were based on the deployable version of the Integrated Cargo Carriers (ICC), which were designed to transport unpressurized cargo inside the Space Shuttle's cargo bay. ESP-1 was transported to the International Space Station on STS-102, ESP-2 flew on mission STS-114 'Return to Flight' and ESP-3 on mission STS-118.
Locations and components
ESP-1
The first of the external stowage platforms, called ESP-1, was installed on the port side trunnion pin on the outer hull of the Destiny Laboratory Module on March 13, 2001 during the second EVA of the STS-102 Space Shuttle mission. It is powered by the Unity Module and has two attach points to store ORUs.
ESP-1 was carried into orbit on the underside of an Integrated Cargo Carrier. It is smaller than the other ESPs and ELCs, with dimensions approximately wide by long, and is differently shaped.
ESP-1 holds the following ORUs:
FRAM-1 Pump Flow Control System (PFCS) nicknamed 'Leaky' from ITS-P6 was swapped out during an EVA on Exp. 55 May 18, 2018 with the PFCS nicknamed 'Frosty' originally added here by the STS-102 crew
FRAM-2 Direct-Current Switching Unit (DCSU) added by STS-100 crew
ESP-2
ESP-2 was detached from its Keel Yoke Assembly (which remained in the Orbiter) and installed with the assistance of Space Shuttle Discovery's robotic arm and two spacewalkers during the STS-114 mission. It is much larger than ESP-1 with eight FRAM sites creating room for up to eight spare parts (ORUs). Like ESP-1, it is powered by the Unity Module. However, unlike ESP-1, ESP-2 is attached to the Quest Joint Airlock using a specialized ESP Attachment Device (ESPAD). ESP-2 and ESP-3 are deployable versions of the integrated cargo carrier and have the same dimensions, approximately long and wide. The ORUs on ESP-2 are:
FRAM-1 (top side) Pump Module SN0005. Moved here robotically from ELC-2 on 6 March 2015 in a swap with failed Pump Module SN0004, which had been relocated here by the ISS-41 US EVA-27 crew in Oct. 2014
FRAM-2 (top side) Direct Current Switching Unit (DCSU) (added by STS-123 crew) FRAM formerly held the VSSA
FRAM-3 (top side) CTC-3 container moved here via SPDM. DCSU added by STS-123 crew) had been relocated via SPDM Jan. 30, 2013 to ELC-2.
FRAM-4 (top side) Latching End Effector Support Equipment moved here via SPDM from ELC1.)Main Bus Switching Unit (MBSU) launched on ESP-2 moved to truss to replace a degraded unit which was brought inside and returned to earth on SpaceX CRS-12.
FRAM-5 (keel side) Pitch/Roll Joint (P/R-J) added by STS-123 crew FRAM formerly held a CMG
FRAM-6 (keel side) Main Bus Switching Unit (MBSU) added by STS-120 crew This unit was swapped with a failed unit MBSU #1 from the SO truss, by the Exp 32 crew in late 2012.
FRAM-7 (keel side) Flex Hose Rotary Coupler (FHRC SN1003) launched on ESP-2
FRAM-8 (keel side) S band Antenna Sub-System Assembly #1 (SASA) Support Equipment FRAM formerly held Utility Transfer Assembly (UTA) which was launched on ESP-2 UTA relocated to ExPRESS 3 FRAM 8 to stage for SASA #1's return to Earth.
Notes:
Video Stanchion Support Assembly (VSSA) launched on ESP-2 at FRAM-2 was jettisoned overboard on July 23, 2007 (the video stanchions were placed on the truss during EVAs).
Pump Module (PM) (SN0004), initially installed on FRAM-1 during STS-121, was removed on August 17, 2010 by the Exp 24 crew and installed on S1 Truss, replacing the original (failed) PM SN0002. The failed unit had been temporarily stored on an ORU site on the MBS, then moved to ESP-2 by the STS-133 crew, then returned to earth by the STS-135 crew July 13, 2011.
A failed Control Moment Gyroscope was installed on FRAM-5 from August 13, 2007 during STS-118 until February 13, 2008 when it was returned by STS-122.
MBSU was moved to the truss during Expedition 52 and the Latching End Effector was moved to ESP2 to prepare for the spacewalk on January 23, 2018. The failed MBSU was returned to earth on Space X CRS12.
ESP-3
ESP-3 was detached from its Keel Yoke Assembly (which remained in the Orbiter) and installed on the P3 Truss at UCCAS-1 on August 14, 2007 during the Space Shuttle STS-118 mission. It has seven attachment sites for ISS spare parts and assemblies, called Orbital Replacement Units (ORUs). The platform also has handrails and attachment points for tethers and foot restraints that astronauts can use while working with the ORUs on the ESP-3. ESP-3, as with ESP-2 are deployable versions of the Integrated Cargo Carrier and have the same dimensions, approximately 8.5 feet long and 14 feet wide. ESP-3 has two grapple fixtures to aid deployment.
ESP-3 was the first major station element to be installed completely by robotics, using only the shuttle and station's robotic arms, an external berthing camera system (BCS) and a Photovoltaic Radiator Grapple Fixture (PVRGF). Astronauts robotically installed the platform onto the station's P3 truss segment during the STS-118 mission's seventh day.
On January 12, 2010, the station's robotic arm was used again to move ESP-3 from the P3 truss segment UCCAS-1 site. It was grappled by the arm and then transferred down the station's backbone on the mobile transporter. ESP-3 was then attached to its new location on the lower part of S3 truss segment at the PAS-3 site. Moving the storage platform cleared the way for ExPRESS Logistics Carrier-3 to be installed during STS-134.
The ORUs (currently) installed on ESP-3 are:
FRAM-1 (top side) Pitch/roll joint (P/R‐J) launched on ESP-3
FRAM-2 (top side) Flex Hose Rotary Coupler (FHRC SN1004) added by STS-126 crew
FRAM-3 (top side) empty
FRAM-4 (top side) Linear Drive Unit (LDU) added by STS-127 crew
FRAM-5 (keel side) Space-to-Ground Antenna (SGANT) added by STS-127 crew
FRAM-6 (keel side) Battery Charge/Discharge Unit (BCDU) launched on ESP-3
FRAM-7 (keel side) ATA Flight Support Equipment (FSE) added by STS-118 crew.
Notes:
FRAM-2 originally hosted NTA tank (SN0005) that was launched on ESP-3, it was swapped for the depleted NTA (SN0002) from the S1 truss during STS-124. That failed unit was later returned on STS-126 when the FHRC was placed here.
FRAM-3 hosted Pump Module (PM) SN0006 that was added by the STS-127 crew. The ISS Exp 38 crew swapped PM SN0006 with the failed PM SN0004 from the S1 Truss during 2 EVAs Dec. 21 and 24, 2013, leaving PM SN0004 on the MBS ORU POA for later storage. It was eventually (in Oct. 2014) stored on ESP-2 FRAM-1, rather than ESP-3 FRAM-3.
FRAM-4 hosted a CMG & frame and both were removed Aug. 13, 2007 during STS-118. Support frame was placed on ESP-2, CMG was installed in the Z1. The failed CMG was placed on the CMG frame on ESP-2 FRAM-5 and later returned to earth by STS-124.
See also
Scientific research on the ISS
Notes
External links
NASA videos related to ESP-2
Astrium North America, Inc.
Components of the International Space Station
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External%20stowage%20platform
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ʿAbbād ibn Bishr () (c.597–632) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. After the Hijrah of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca, Abbad and his clansmen were given name of Ansar for their assistance to gave shelter to the Muslims who came to their town. His Kunya or Teknonymy were Abu al-Rabi'.
Abbad ibn Bishr was known for his devotion to worship, knowledge and courage in battle. He was enthralled by the Qur'an after i first hearing it recited by Musab ibn Umayr before the hijra when Abbad was about eighteen years old. The Qur'an had a special place in his heart, and he became renowned for his recitation so much so that he was known among the companions as the friend of the Qur'an.
Background
Abbad ibn Bishr hailed from banu 'Abd al-Ash'al clan, a sub branch of Banu Aws, an immigrant clan came from Yemen which descended from Azd and settling in Yathrib, as they migrate from their homeland due to great flood in Yemen, before being renamed as Medina, around 300 AD. The Azdian Yathrib settler, which consisted of Aws and Banu Khazraj were widely known in Arabia before Islam as warlike peoples with full battle experiences,
particularly the Aws, which was deemed by historian as the more military minded of the two.
The Medinese, which consisted of Aws and Khazraj, along with their Jewish allies, Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza, and Banu Qaynuqa, were involved in degenerating years of warfare such as battle of Sumair, battle of Banu Jahjaha of Aus-Banu Mazin of Khazraj, battle of Sararah day, battle of Banu Wa'il ibn Zayd, battle of Zhufr-Malik, battle of Fari', battle of Hathib, battle of Rabi' day, first battle of Fijar in Yathrib (not Fijar war between Qays with Kinana in Mecca), battle of Ma'is, battle of Mudharras. and second battle of Fijar in Yathrib. The Medinese also even contacted against foreign invaders came from outside Hejaz, including such as Shapur II of Sasanian Empire in relatively vague result, and also in successful defense against Himyarite Kingdom under their sovereign, Tabban Abu Karib, who also known as Dhu al-Adh'ar. However, the most terrible conflict for both Aws and Khazraj were a civil war called the battle of Bu'ath, which leave bitter taste for both clans, and caused them to grew weary of war, due to the exceptionally high level of violence, even by their standards, and the needless massacres that occurred during that battle.
Thus, in search of enlightenments and seeking arbitration from third party, the Yathribese then pledge their allegiance to Muhammad, a Qurayshite Meccan who preach new faith of Islam during the Medinese pilgrimage to Kaaba time. As Muhammad managed to convince many notables of both Aws and Khazraj, which also included Abbad ibn Bishr who personally convinced by a Muhajirun named Mus'ab ibn Umayr of his cause on his new faith, the chieftains of both Aws and Khazraj tribe, particularly Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, Usaid Bin Hudair, Saʽd ibn ʽUbadah, and As'ad ibn Zurara agreed to embrace Islam and appoint Muhammad as arbitrator and de facto leader of Medina. In no time, Abbad and other Yathribese agreed to provide shelter for Meccan Muslims who has been persecuted by Quraysh polytheists, while also agreeing to change their city name from Yathrib to Medina, as Yathrib has bad connotation in Arabic.
Biography
As Abbad ibn Bishr embraced Islam and pledged his loyalty to Muhammad, he immediately instructed to be paired with one of Muhajirun as sworn brother, which is Abu Hudhayfa ibn Utba. Thus, Hereafter the arrival of Muslims of Mecca, Abbad served in various military campaign, where he along with other Ansaris and Muhajirun fought the first pitched battle were fought at the Battle of Badr in March 624. Later in the same year, after the Muslims defeated the Qaynuqa tribe in April as the Jewish tribe has been accused of treachery,
Approximately in the month of September, Muhammad ibn Maslamah were sent by Muhammad along with some of his kinsmen and allied tribe of Aws in a mission to assassinate Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, one of Banu Nadir clansmen who conspired against Muhammad. Ibn Maslamah bring along some of his Aws clansmen including Abbad, and several other clan member that historically count as allies of Banu Aws, such as Banu Sulaym, Banu Mustaliq, and Banu Khuza'ah. Ibn Maslamah pretended to Ibn al-Ashraf that he needed a loan and offered to leave his weapons with him as security. Ibn al-Ashraf therefore came out to meet him and four others by night when they were fully armed, as Ka'b instructed the gate guards to allow Ibn Maslama and his colleagues to bring out the weapons. Then, as the unsuspecting Ka'b lowered his guard, The assassin group led by Ibn Maslama immediately struck him and killed him with their weapons, followed by Ibn Maslama, Abbad, and their colleagues managed to escape undetected within the night, as the tribes of Ka'b only learned the death of Ka'b on tomorrow, as they found the corpse of Ka'b lying on the ground.
In the year 625 (four years after hijra), The Muslims engaged in the expedition of Dhat al-Riqa as an effort of pre-emptive attack as Muhammad received news that the Ghatafan tribe in Najd were planning to attack Medina. In preemption, he assembled a detachment of over four hundred men including Abbad ibn Bishr. Arriving at Najd, they found the men of the tribes had fled to the hills. When the time of obligatory evening prayer came, Muhammad feared an ambush so he arranged the Muslims in ranks and divided them into two groups and performed salatul-khawf (emergency prayer of during conflict). As the Ghatafan witnessed the disciplined and vigilant rank of Muslim, they immediately cease their plan to attack the Muslims and stay at their position. After Muhammad saw the Ghatafan would not come down to face them, he immediately commanding the Muslims to depart. Then, as the Muslims packed their camp to return, Muhammad appointed Abbad ibn Bishr and Ammar ibn Yasir, whom Muhammad had paired as sworn-brothers, to patrol at night on the rear guard so they can alert the Muslims if there are any attempts from Ghatafan to ambush them during their departure. Thus, Ammar sleep a while and it is Abbad turn to stay on guard, Abbad performing night non-obligatory prayer to fill his duty time. Meanwhile, Abbad and Ammar were monitored by Ghatafan scout from afar, who in turn shooting his arrow to Abbad, who at that time were standing in his prayer. Ammar then wake up and terrified that he see Abbad were still standing in his prayer, while several arrows stuck on his body, while the Ghatafan scout has been away according to Abbad after he finished his prayer. Then both returned to Medina as the Muslim army have packed.
Later, Abbad were tasked by Muhammad to manage the massive spoils of war on the aftermath of the battle of Hunayn, which consisted tens of thousand of camels, sheep and goats, along with thousands Uqiyyah of gold ingots.
Abbad were involved in all military operations led by Muhammad and were tasked as Zakat collector for the tribe of Sulaym, Mustaliq, and Khuza'ah while not undergoing military operations.
Death
Abbad was killed fighting the forces of Musailma at the battle of Yamamah in 632. Before the battle, he observed the lack of mutual confidence between the Muhajirin and Ansar, realized the campaign would fail unless they were separately regimented, and distinguished those who bore their responsibility and were steadfast in combat. When the battle commenced, Abbad ibn Bishr stood on a mound and shouted:
"O Ansar, distinguish yourselves among men. Destroy your scabbards. And do not forsake Islam."
Abbad gathered about four hundred men from the Ansar and launched an offensive into the enemy ranks, forcing their retreat to the garden of death, where Abbad ibn Bishr was mortally wounded. Although the battle was a victory for the Muslims, twelve hundred of their force were killed. So numerous were Abbad's wounds, that he was hardly recognizable. Although he passed at a young age, Abbad contributed much to the strength of the early Muslim community, and his life and martyrdom continue to inspire followers of Islam the world over.
Appraisal
Aishah bint Abi Bakr, wife of Muhammad narrated a Hadith from her husband praising Abbad: "There are three persons among the Ansar whom no one could excel in virtue: Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, Usaid Bin Hudair, and Abbad ibn Bishr.", Rather, another narration tells "...Among the best ansar were banu Ash'al... and the best of banu Ash'al are Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, Usaid ibn Hudair, and Abbad ibn Bishr...".
In another narration, Anas ibn Malik said, "Usaid ibn Hudair and Abbad ibn Bishr were with the Prophet (Muhammad) [in his house]."
Abbad also mostly known for his narration of a purview hadith regarding the virtues of Medinese Ansaris During the aftermath of the battle of Hunayn, which solidified the Ansaris status in scholarly view. In the hadith, Muhammad has dubbed that loving and caring the Ansars and their descendants as a sign of faith, while disliking and not caring the Ansars and their descendants as a sign of Hypocrisy and faithless, thus prompting scholars of Islam, both classical and contemporary, to observe the context of this hadith that Ansaris relevance in Islam is a major section within Islam systemic belief, regardless the era.
References
Sources
See also
Salaf
As'ad ibn Zurara
Sahabah hadith narrators
Sahabah who participated in the battle of Badr
Year of birth unknown
632 deaths
Medieval Arabs killed in battle
Sahabah who participated in the battle of Uhud
Ansar (Islam)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbad%20ibn%20Bishr
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Stig Svante Eugén Bergling, later Stig Svante Eugén Sandberg and Stig Svante Eugén Sydholt, (1 March 1937 – 24 January 2015) was a Swedish Security Service officer who spied for the Soviet Union. The Stig Bergling-affair, one of Sweden's greatest spy scandals, began when he was arrested in Israel in 1979 by Israeli counterintelligence and in the same year in Sweden was sentenced to life imprisonment for aggravated espionage. He escaped in 1987, with the assistance of his then–wife Elisabeth Sjögren during a conjugal visit, and fled to Moscow. Bergling's escape was a major embarrassment for Sweden's liberal prison system and prompted the resignation of the justice minister.
Bergling lived for several years in the Soviet Union, Hungary and Lebanon until, for health reasons, he voluntarily returned to Sweden in 1994. He continued to serve his sentence until 1997, when he was paroled. During the last years of his life, Bergling lived in a Stockholm nursing home and had been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. He died there on 24 January 2015, at 77 years old.
Early life
Bergling's father, who came from a wealthy home in Sala, was an engineer and worked with general insurance at an insurance company. Bergling's mother, who came from a working class home in Falun, had a strictly religious upbringing and worked as a secretary during Bergling's upbringing. Bergling had a younger sister. He attended ,a private school in Östermalm, Stockholm, and then attended Östra Real. In 1957, he did his military service as a coastal ranger at the Vaxholm Coastal Artillery Regiment (KA 1) in Vaxholm. He also became a reserve officer and advanced to the rank of lieutenant in the "Blocking Battalion Bråviken" where Bergling was responsible for security matters. The battalion had – in the event of war – the task to defend the inlet to Oxelösund and its surroundings.
Säpo, Fst/Säk and overseas service
In 1958 he began working at Östermalm police station at the same time as . Forsberg was the man who was to become the head of the Swedish counterintelligence and later be one of the men who disclosed Bergling. After some time, Bergling started working within radiopolisen and then the utlänningsroteln ("alien department"). After having worked as a police officer for 10 years, Bergling was employed in 1969 at the Swedish Security Service (Säpo) and worked at the Bureau II, the surveillance unit, the unit engaged in counterintelligence against Soviet Union agents in Sweden. In 1971, Bergling was on temporary leave from Säpo and began working at the Defence Staff's Security Department (Fst/Säk). In his new role as a liaison officer between the Säpo and the Defence Staff, he participated in the work to map the Soviet diplomats' activities in Sweden. Meanwhile, at Fst/Säk, Bergling copied a binder with classified documents. The binder contained the so-called fortification code, or FO code (Fortifikationskoden), the top-secret list of Sweden's defence facilities, coastal artillery fortifications, mobilization stores, command centers and radar stations. Bergling needed the information for his work at the Defence Staff, some times for long periods of time and it was impractical for him to return the original every day. He got permission from one of his superiors to obtain a copy of it. When Bergling was later to return it, he became angry with one of his superiors, Bengt Wallroth (later Director-General of the National Defence Radio Establishment) who started arguing and criticizing him. Bergling disliked the Defence Staff and Wallroth and instead of destroying the copy he kept it and put it in a safe deposit box at Erik Dahlbergsgatan in Stockholm.
Alongside the work home in Sweden, Bergling served several times in various UN battalions around the world. Bergling was a reserve officer in the Swedish Coastal Artillery, and in 1968 he was stationed in Cyprus as a military police chief. In November 1972 he came to the Middle East as a UN observer, at first in Israel and the following year in Lebanon. At that time, GRU officer Alexander Nikiforov was working as military attaché in the Soviet Embassy in Beirut. Bergling was in need of money and went to the Soviet Embassy and offered Nikiforov the copied binder with secret information. In November 1973, Bergling switched duty tour in Lebanon with a Belgian major so he could go to Stockholm and retrieve the binder. He flew from Stockholm via Budapest to Beirut and on the 30 November 1973, he sold the copied binder with the documents to the Soviets. Bergling received 3,500 dollars for it and was later told, after the binder had been examined in Moscow, that "we already have this information, ours is just a bit older."
Bergling stayed as an UNTSO observer another year in the Middle East and returned home in January 1975, and was then back at the Security Service and the so-called "Russian Division" (Ryssroteln) where he previously worked. Bergling's contact, Alexander Nikiforov, had realized that as a newly acquired Soviet agent, Bergling would be able to do more good in Sweden. Back at Säpo, Bergling was instructed by the Soviets to investigate what the Soviet intelligence men did wrong. The errors were reported by Bergling to Moscow who called them back home. To get in touch with the Soviets he wrote letters with "invisible writing", which was done with the help of carbon paper. The writings were then presented with a special liquid. He got messages back using a shortwave radio.
However, it was not in the Middle East where Bergling was trained as a spy but in East Germany. As an employee of the Security Service, he was not allowed to go to the Eastern Bloc countries so the trips to his employers in East Berlin were made in the greatest secrecy. To get into East Berlin, Berling had to go through the Berlin Wall at a special door at Friedrichstraße. It was an ordinary door in the house next to the Friedrichstraße station entrance. His liaison officer went ahead and then Berling could go straight out through a small door and suddenly he found himself in the station on the western side. It was, however, not just the work at the Security Service that gave Bergling the opportunity to conduct espionage. As a Swedish military reservist, he served several times in connection with various military unit exercises all around Sweden. In the autumn of 1975 he was stationed at the top secret coastal artillery battery "OD" (Femöre battery) in Oxelösund which at that time was an important part of the Swedish coastal defence and protection against the Soviet Union in the east. As a high ranking staff officer and head of the Section II of the Defence Staff, Bergling had access to the safe and had the opportunity to look through the documents when he was duty officer by himself.
Bergling suspected and arrested
In March 1976, Bergling was placed at the surveillance division at Säpo, and then got a unique insight into the ongoing projects, which had the purpose of exposing the Soviet intelligence officers and to recruit its own Soviet informers. As Bergling increasingly revealed more to his Soviets employers, suspicions also increased at Säpo that something was not right, and that it had a mole in the organization. Bergling soon became a suspect and Säpo began to follow him. At this time, the civilian Soviet secret service KGB also had a mole high up in its own organization; Oleg Gordievsky, who for some years had regularly provided the Western Bloc with information. Through contacts with his military colleagues at the GRU, Gordievsky understood that they had an agent placed in Säpo in Sweden. This information was communicated by Gordyevsky to the west through his regular contacts with the British MI6. Meanwhile, in 1976, Bergling's Swiss fiancee reported him for assault. At the same time she informed about her suspicions that he was a spy. Nothing happened except that police interrogated the woman.
In 1977, Bergling applied for a new UN service and was deployed to Suez. Säpo had then received information regarding Bergling's contacts with an identified GRU officer in the Middle East. Bergling was in Jordan when he decided to fly back to Sweden. However, there were no flights to Sweden from Jordan, so Bergling went to Israel instead. On 12 March 1979, Bergling was arrested by the Israeli counterintelligence and security service Shin Bet at the passport control at Ben Gurion Airport after the Israelis had been informed by Säpo. Säpo believed, however, that they themselves could not arrest him because their information would not have been useful in a Swedish court. At the same time, Säpo bureau chief informed the Israelis that Bergling had intended to return to Israel. The arrest of Bergling occurred therefore independently by Israel, and the reason for this was that Shin Bet needed to find out if Bergling also had conducted espionage on Israeli interests during his time in the Middle East. He got to choose where the interrogations would take place – in a prison or in a luxury hotel. Bergling got half an hour to decide and chose the luxury hotel. After seven days of interrogation, Bergling was put on a flight to Copenhagen where he was met by staff from the Danish secret service. They brought him to Helsingborg where he was met by old colleagues from Säpo and then taken to Stockholm. All in all, Bergling had earned 67,000 SEK on his spying.
Prosecution, in prison and conjugal visits
Bergling was detained in custody in March 1979 and defended by the lawyer . On 7 December 1979, he was sentenced in Sweden to life imprisonment for aggravated espionage and aggravated unauthorised dealing with secret information for handing out the fortification code (FO code) – the list of Sweden's defence installations, coastal artillery fortifications and mobilization stores. He was also accused of having handed over the Supreme Commander's war planning of the Soviets – planning on how the Swedish Armed Forces should act at different levels in a war situation. These were documents that had even greater secrecy than the binder that Bergling handed to the Soviets in Beirut. Bergling said that he simply did not know where these documents were and that he would never had the time to copy the documents without being detected. Also, in his defence, Oleg Gordievsky (the Western agent in the KGB) reported to the West that Bergling handed out the fortification code, but never said anything about the Supreme Commander's war planning documents. The Stockholm District Court cleared him of these charges. Bergling's then fiancee was sentenced to three months in prison for accessory to espionage.
After the verdict, Bergling was subjected to, for reasons of national security, a very strict solitary confinement. The then government under Minister for Justice Håkan Winberg decided on 10 January 1980 of certain restrictions for Bergling under the penal law (kriminalvårdslagen). Letters to and from Bergling were reviewed by Säpo and were kept. Visits and phone calls could be banned if they were detrimental to national security. Regulations regarding Bergling's treatment in prison was entrusted to the National Prison and Probation Administration (Kriminalvårdsstyrelsen) to consult with the National Police Board on the application. It was the National Police Board's Security Department that would account for the safety assessment and determine what considerations of national security demanded in the form of restrictions. On 12 June 1980, Bergling offered himself to be replaced by Raoul Wallenberg, but the Soviet Union did not respond. According to information from there, Wallenberg died in prison in 1947.
Bergling was in solitary confinement for 39 months in Kumla Prison before he ended up in mental health care, first in in Katrineholm and then in Västervik in 1982. In 1983, he was not considered to be in need of any additional care and the same year he came to . In Norrköping Prison, he had, at an early stage, been given permission to receive visits. A childhood friend, Elisabeth Sandberg, was coming to greet Bergling more often. The relationship developed, and while in prison Bergling change his name to Eugén Sandberg – Sandberg was his mother's maiden name – in connection with the marriage to Elisabeth Sandberg. They married in prison on 1 March 1986, the day after prime minister Olof Palme was murdered. They had resumed their acquaintance through correspondence during his prison time. She was at that time care assistant in the home care services in Spånga, divorced with four children. During the numerous visits in Norrköping and conjugal visits in her residence in Rinkeby the opportunity to plan an escape was given to them.
From the beginning of 1985, Bergling was granted a total of 15 supervised or accompanied conjugal visits. In July 1985, the government rejected Bergling's request for pardon. Six months later his request for repeal of the special restrictions was also rejected. After he, in October 1985 smuggled out a letter, where he told of advanced escape plans, the accompanied conjugal visits were ceased. Until May 1987, he was only admitted supervised conjugal visits. In March 1987, he applied again for pardon and that the special restrictions be lifted. The government rejected the pardon application on August 27. According to the Supreme Commander's opinion, it would take more time before the most important actions to reduce the harmful effects of Bergling espionage were completed. There was also, according to the Supreme Commander, a real risk that Bergling still had knowledge that, if it came to the hands of some foreign power, would bring harm to the national security. Somewhat later the Ministry of Justice remitted the petition to amend the regulation of Bergling to the relevant authorities. On 24 September 1987, the Director General of the National Prison and Probation Administration, , submitted a memorandum on Bergling to the Ministry of Justice. He also informed that the National Prison and Probation Administration, in view of the government's rejection of pardon and the reasons for it, opposed easing of the regulations for Bergling. On 24 September, the National Prison and Probation Administration Department Manager Clas Amilon decided, without having been informed of Larsson's consultation response to the Ministry, to grant Bergling a new accompanied conjugal visit with the same arrangement as in July when he visited Gröna Lund in Stockholm – including a restaurant visit. The accompanied conjugal visit that began in the morning of 5 October 1987 was the first after the government's rejection of the pardon in August.
Escape from prison
On 6 October 1987, while on conjugal visit from Norrköping Prison, he and his wife, Elisabeth, managed to escape. Bergling had been planning the escape from prison for three years. On Monday morning, 5 October, Bergling left prison on a conjugal visit with a prison overseer. They had met his wife during the day and later in the evening, all three had eaten dinner together at restaurant Stallmästaregården. The prison overseer had left the couple in his wife's apartment in Rinkeby at about 23:00 in the evening and would return 13:00 the day after. The only surveillance Bergling had was Säpo's surveillance team in a car in front of the house. The wife had arranged three rental cars that would serve as escape vehicles. The first one was parked in front of the house to attract the surveillance team. At midnight, he put plans into action. First, his wife left the apartment disguised and passed Säpo's surveillance car. Then, Bergling went down into the garage of the house dressed in jogger outfit and went out of the gate. There was a fog and the surveillance team could not see him.
The plan now was to meet at the second escape vehicle, which was in a parking lot in Rinkeby, one kilometer away. Before he could reach the second car, Säpo's surveillance car had stopped behind it because it checked on all the cars in the area. His wife went off to get to the third escape vehicle parked in Djursholm. Bergling ran over towards Tensta and reached E18, where he found a vacant taxi. He ordered the taxi to Djursholms Ösby and ran from there the last bit to Djursholm square. He met up, as planned, with his wife Elisabeth at the third escape vehicle, an Opel Ascona, which had been parked just 50 meters from where the previously convicted spy Stig Wennerström lived.
From Djursholm they made their way further north to Grisslehamn where Ålandsfärjan departed at 09.00. They made their way through Eckerö in Åland to the Soviet Consulate in Mariehamn, where they arrived at 13:00, at the same time as the prison overseer knocked on the door of the apartment in Rinkeby. From here the couple were instructed to take the ferry to Naantali in to mainland Finland and on to the Soviet Embassy in Helsinki. They stayed there for a week. In the suburb area of Tapiola in Espoo, the police found the couple's escape vehicle. It took more than 10 hours before the Swedish authorities issued an official alert for Bergling. Bergling was now transported in the trunk of a diplomatic car to the Finnish–Soviet border crossing station Vaalimaa and his old clients.
The Government Offices were informed of Bergling's escape during the afternoon of 6 October 1987, by a telephone message from Director General of the National Prison and Probation Administration to the Minister of Justice Sten Wickbom. Approximately at 16.00 the Justice Minister had spoken to the Director General, and half an hour later with , the director of the police security department. The Justice Minister and his colleagues was, throughout the night of Wednesday, until at 05:30 in the morning, working in the department. They had had regular contact with, primarily Säpo. At his first contact with the security department at 16:30, the Justice Minister Wickbom asked if the official alert (rikslarm) had been issued and got the answer that no such alert had been issued, but it would immediately be. The official alert was first issued at 22:14, nearly 24 hours after the prison overseer had left the couple in the apartment in Rinkeby.
Political consequences
On 8 October 1987, the Government decided to assign the Chancellor of Justice to the task of investigating the circumstances surrounding the conjugal visit Bergling had been granted, the security that had occurred and responsibilities associated with it and the responsible authorities' actions during the time of his dissenting. On 19 October 1987, the Chancellor of Justice reported his assessment. The National Police Board's security department and staff could not be responsible for the deviation but instead the National Prison and Probation Administration's client department. Concerning the subsequent handling of the issue regarding the notification of the fugitive once it was clear that Bergling has fled, the Chancellor of Justice meant that the "arrest warrant and the official alert was delayed in an unacceptable manner" and that the responsibility for this lay with the officers at Norrköping Police Department.
Justice Minister Wickbom was forced to resign after Bergling's escape. Wickbom had claimed that he had not been informed that Bergling had been granted regular conjugal visits and that his escape was a result of a series of mix-ups between the police and the prison service. The information about Bergling's conjugal visit was at the Department of Justice at the time of the escape, though he had not seen it. Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson said he accepted Wickboms departure, but praised his courage in his decision to resign. On 20 October 1987 the Director General of the National Prison and Probation Administration , the State Secretary , the Information Officer at the Ministry of Justice Björn Fougelberg and the political adviser to the former minister Pär Nuder all resigned.
Time abroad and the return to Sweden
Under the alias of Ivar and Elisabeth Straus, they lived in Moscow for a while. From the start, the Soviets did not trust Bergling suspecting him as a Säpo (double) agent. The escape had been too easy and the GRU thought it was prearranged. Again and again Bergling has to show how Elisabeth's house looked like and how they could run away from Säpo. Because of the questions the Soviets asked after they arrived in Moscow, he understood that there would be no intelligence work in for him. Bergling received 500 rubles per month, which was more than most senior Soviet state and party officials earned.
1988-89 they lived in the Hungarian capital Budapest before they moved back to Moscow. However, in autumn of 1990, as the Soviet Union was collapsing, they were moved to Lebanon. There, Bergling was active under the name of Ronald Abi and pretended to be a British agricultural engineer while he worked as a security consultant for Walid Jumblatt at the end of the civil war. Jumblatt was head of the Progressive Socialist Party, a Druze-based party and ally of the Soviet Union. He first lived in Jumblatt's home in Moukhtara in the Chouf Mountains before he got his own house. In Lebanon, Bergling got 5,000 dollars every six months, they lived rent free, got cars almost for free and they got pocket money from Jumblatt himself. Jumblatt later apologized to Sweden for having protected a convicted spy for four years but had done so at the request of his former friends in the Soviet Communist Party.
On 2 August 1994, Bergling called the Säpo from Cyprus. He was then ill with Parkinson's disease, his wife had cancer and longed for her children. They wanted to go home to Sweden. When Bergling said who he was, he was at first not believed. After a few checks Säpo realised that it actually was Bergling. The day after the couple returned voluntarily to Sweden and Bergling was arrested at Stockholm Arlanda Airport. On returning home, Bergling's own mother didn't know if he was alive. Bergling spent three years in prison until his release due to health reasons on 17 July 1997. The final time in Asptuna Prison. The last time at Asptuna Prison he spent in his room because he was ostracised and bullied by other prisoners. On one occasion he was attacked and stabbed by a fellow prisoner who thought he disturbed him when he was cleaning. Bergling received a blow over the ear, but no serious injuries. During the end of the prison term, his then wife became acutely ill with chronic cancer. Bergling did not get to the hospital in time, before she died on their wedding day. The following year, Bergling married the psychologist Elisabeth Robertson, 20 years his junior.
Later life and death
On 8 October 2003, Bergling met for the first time before an audience , the former head of the Swedish counterintelligence, in a meeting in Akademiska Föreningen's premises in Lund.
In the middle of 2006, Bergling became a member of the Swedish Left Party, but he later left the party in September the same year, disappointed at the outcome of the elections according to Aftonbladet. In 2008 Bergling pronounced in media his support for the FRA law.
In 1992 he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and moved around, at the end of his life, using a wheelchair or a mobility scooter. In 2004 he divorced a Polish woman whom he had been married to twice. Bergling had an adult son which his ex-wife's new husband adopted. The son was adopted when he was a year and a half old. Bergling lived from October 2012 in .
In March 2013 Bergling was suspected to have shot a nurse in the face with an airsoft gun. The incident occurred when the nurse was in Bergling's room to help him with some practical details. According to Bergling himself, he had felt provoked by the keeper and then brought up an airsoft gun and fired the gun into the wall. The police investigation was later discontinued and Bergling's airsoft gun, which had been seized by the police, was returned. Bergling died from Parkinson's disease on 24 January 2015. He was buried on 7 May 2015 at Kungsholms Cemetery in Kungsholmen, Stockholm.
Personal life
In his first marriage, Bergling was married 1961–1965 to Marianne Rinman (1941–2009), daughter of diploma engineer Kurt Rinman. In his second marriage, from 1965–1973, he was married to Kyllikki Kyyrö (born 1934); in his third, he was married in 1986 to Elisabeth Sjögren (also named Lillemor Geuken and Elisabeth Sandberg) (1940–1997); and in his fourth (from 1998–2002) and fifth (from 2003–2004), to psychologist Helena Smejko (also named Elisabeth Robertsson) (born 1955), a native of Poland.
Enemy's Enemy
In the novel Enemy's Enemy (1989) by author Jan Guillou, Carl Hamilton gets the task from his clients to go to Moscow and kill the spy Stig Bergling (in the book called Stig Sandström) who has escaped during his conjugal visit, killed his wife and went to Moscow to work for the Russians. The surname Sandström was taken from Sune Sandström, the then head of Säpo. Bergling wasn't murdered or killed his wife, but later returned to Sweden to serve the remainder of his sentence for espionage. In the 2006 edition of Enemy's Enemy, Guillou writes:
”One morning he [Bergling] phoned me from Hall Prison and woke me up. He felt that he was entitled to a dedicated copy of the book. I could only agree and wrote truthfully that this is the most remarkable dedication I have ever written. One must say that I got off cheaply.”
Bibliography
Notes
References
Footnotes
Print
Further reading
External links
Radio documentary about Stig Bergling on P3 Dokumentär
1937 births
2015 deaths
Swedish people convicted of spying for the Soviet Union
People convicted of treason against Sweden
Swedish Coastal Artillery officers
Neurological disease deaths in Sweden
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Defectors to the Soviet Union
1979 in international relations
Swedish police officers
Military personnel from Stockholm
20th-century Swedish military personnel
20th-century Swedish criminals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stig%20Bergling
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Luke Piper (born 1966) is an English landscape painter, especially in watercolours. The Guardian newspaper has described him as "arts establishment aristocracy".
Biography
Luke Piper is the son of the painter Edward Piper. He is also the eldest grandson of another artist, John Piper. He grew up in Frome, Somerset and is still based in the county. He studied at Frome College and then studied geography at the University of Cambridge.
Piper's first major show of artworks was at the CCA Galleries, Dover Street, London, in 1992, also used by his father, and has produced prints in association with the CCA Galleries since 1994. Since that time he has exhibited regularly in London and at venues such as the Henley Festival, Renishaw Hall, the River and Rowing Museum, Stonor, the West Wales Art Centre, The Wykeham Gallery, the Museum of Somerset, Messum's. (in Cork Street, London) and elsewhere in the United Kingdom.
Luke Piper has travelled around the world to paint, including Nairobi via Western Sahara and Zaire in 1995, the Sahara desert in 1999 and 2000, Nepal and the Himalayas in 1998 and 2000–01, and Australia, New Zealand and Fiji in 2002–03. In 2008, he painted in Egypt (including Luxor), Greece (including Paxos), Switzerland and Italy. He has also painted in France, Ireland and Spain as well as around the United Kingdom, including many paintings of the River Thames.
Piper married in 1997. His younger brother Henry Piper is a sculptor.
See also
Piper family
References
External links
Luke Piper website including a biography
1966 births
Living people
People from Frome
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
20th-century English painters
English male painters
21st-century English painters
English landscape painters
English watercolourists
Luke
20th-century English male artists
21st-century English male artists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke%20Piper
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Sulochana Brahaspati (born 1937, in Allahabad) is one of the noted vocalist of Hindustani classical music.
In 1994, she was awarded the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award, the highest Indian recognition given to practicing artists, given by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy of Music, Dance & Drama.
Background
She is a vocalist and an exponent of the Rampur-Sadarang Parampara. She learned music from Pandit Bholanath Bhat and Ustad Mushtaq Hussain Khan (d. 1964) of Rampur-Sahaswan Gharana. Later she received intensive training from her guru, and her husband, Acharya K.C.D. Brahaspati. A large number of his compositions – Khayals, Thumris, Tappas, and Dadras – are part of her portfolio.
She is also an accomplished teacher and musicologist and has published books including Raga Rahasya.
Awards
Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1994.
Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Academy Award in 1984.
Tansen Samman by Madhya Pradesh government in 2006.
References
Sources
External links
Artist's Official Website
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Musicians from Prayagraj
1937 births
Living people
Indian women classical singers
Hindustani singers
Women Hindustani musicians
Singers from Uttar Pradesh
20th-century Indian singers
20th-century Indian women singers
Women musicians from Uttar Pradesh
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulochana%20Brahaspati
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The giant Hawaiian darner, also known as the giant Hawaiian dragonfly or pinao (Anax strenuus), is a species of dragonfly in the family Aeshnidae. It is one of two species of dragonfly that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. It is particularly common at higher elevations.
This species is one of the largest of all modern dragonflies, reaching a wingspan of 152 mm.
References
Aeshnidae
Insects of Hawaii
Insects described in 1867
Endemic fauna of Hawaii
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant%20Hawaiian%20darner
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Clarksville/Red River County Airport , also known as J. D. Trissell Field, is a public use airport located three nautical miles (6 km) southwest of the central business district of Clarksville, in Red River County, Texas, United States. It is owned by Clarksville and Red River County.
Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, this airport is assigned LBR by the FAA but has no designation from the IATA (which assigned LBR to Lábrea Airport in Lábrea, Amazonas, Brazil).
Facilities and aircraft
The airport covers an area of at an elevation of 440 feet (134 m) above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 18/36 with an asphalt surface measuring 3,000 by 50 feet (914 x 15 m). For the 12-month period ending September 14, 2022, the airport had 1,300 general aviation aircraft operations, an average of 25 per week.
References
External links
page from Texas DOT Airport Directory
Aerial image as of February 1995 from USGS The National Map
Airports in Texas
Buildings and structures in Red River County, Texas
Transportation in Red River County, Texas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarksville/Red%20River%20County%20Airport
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Whatever Happened to Micheal Ray? is an American documentary produced in 2000 by NBA Entertainment about the rise and fall of All-Star point guard Micheal Ray Richardson. The film was written by Larry Weitzman and co-directed by Weltzman and Jim Podhoretz. The film is narrated by Chris Rock.
Rock, a native New Yorker, is entranced by the arrival of Micheal Ray Richardson on the New York sports scene. Richardson was a relatively unknown collegiate basketball player from the University of Montana—nicknamed "Sugar"—who had been drafted by the New York Knicks with the 4th overall pick in the 1978 NBA draft. According to the film documentary and first coach Willis Reed, Richardson could be compared favorably to Knick legend and man-about-town Walt Frazier ("Clyde"). In his rookie year, Richardson performed better off the court than on, but in his second year, blossomed into an All-Star, leading the NBA in both assists and steals and bearing a strong resemblance not only to Clyde, but to Earvin "Magic" Johnson, another tall and versatile point guard. Johnson tells us clearly how difficult it was to play against Richardson. Isiah Thomas, another contemporary superstar point guard, in the same vein says simply, "He was Sugar Ray, man. He was sweet."
Richardson was again an All-Star in his third year, 1980–81, but a poor performance by the Knicks in the playoffs that year led the team to trade Richardson's two closest friends on the team, Ray Williams and Mike Glenn, which in turn, according to the film, helped change the eager-to-please Richardson from a drug user to a drug abuser. Richardson found professional rejection difficult to accept; a particularly poignant anecdote comes from his first coach at Montana, Jud Heathcote. When Heathcote accepted the head coaching job at Michigan State, Richardson came to him in tears of disbelief asking whether the rumors of the coach's departure were true. Heathcote attempted to disabuse Richardson of the notion that he was like a father to the player. Richardson responded by telling Heathcote, "Coach, you have to remember, I don't have a father."
The Knicks and Richardson regressed together in 1981–82, and the Knicks traded Richardson to the Golden State Warriors at the beginning of the 1982–83 season.
External links
Whatever Happened to Micheal Ray? Official website
2000 films
Documentary films about basketball
NBA Entertainment films
New York Knicks
2000s English-language films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whatever%20Happened%20to%20Micheal%20Ray%3F
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Alive (in concert) is a live album by Belgian artist Axelle Red. It was released in 2000.
Track listing
Charts
Certifications
References
Axelle Red albums
2000 live albums
Virgin Records live albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alive%20%28in%20concert%29
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Konstantin Alekseyevich Soukhovetski (born January 19, 1981) was born into a family of artists, and began playing the piano at the age of four. He studied at the Moscow Central School under the auspices of the Moscow Conservatory, where his special subjects also included composition and acting. He then studied at the Juilliard School of Music in New York City, gaining his bachelor's degree in 2003 with the Anton Rubinstein Prize as an outstanding pianist. He received his Master's degree from Juilliard in 2005 with the support of The Paul & Daisy Soros Fellowships for New Americans, and is in the Artist's diploma program at Juilliard, studying with Jerome Lowenthal. He was named winner of the William Petschek Piano Debut Recital Award for 2006. His NYC debut recital was on April 20, 2006 at Alice Tully Hall at Lincoln Center.
In 2002, Soukhovetski won Second Prize in the Walter W. Naumburg Piano Competition and Second Prize in the Hilton Head International Competition. This was followed in 2003 with success in Juilliard's Gina Bachauer Competition and the Cleveland International Piano Competition, and in 2004 he won Second Prize in the UNISA International Piano Competition in Pretoria, South Africa.
Before moving to the United States, Soukhovetski performed extensively in Western Europe and Russia. During 1998 and 1999, he toured and performed with the Russian violinist Vladimir Spivakov in France, Romania, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and North America. He also performed at the Colmar Festival in France.
Soukhovetski has performed with the Cleveland Orchestra, the Pretoria Symphony (South Africa), and the Austin Symphony (Minnesota). He gave his Weill Recital Hall, Carnegie Hall debut in 2003, and played for Prince Raed and Princess Maida in Amman, Jordan and Beirut, Lebanon. He has also performed at Alice Tully Hall, Lincoln Center, Severance Hall, Jordan Hall in Boston, and the Bolshoi Hall of the Moscow Conservatory. In May 2002, Soukhovetski was featured in a live performance on NPR's Performance Today, and in October 2003, he appeared on WQXR's Young Artists Showcase, hosted by Bob Sherman, live from the Juilliard School. In September 2005, Soukhovetski completed a four-week tour in South Africa (solo recitals and concerti with major orchestras) and had a recital at the Louvre Museum in Paris on March 2, 2006.
External links
Artsglobal website
Living people
1981 births
Russian pianists
Russian classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Moscow Conservatory alumni
Cleveland International Piano Competition prize-winners
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century Russian male musicians
Paul & Daisy Soros Fellows
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin%20Soukhovetski
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Raft of Dead Monkeys was an American rock band from Seattle, Washington, United States, known for their controversy within the Christian punk scene. Described as a hypothetical band mocking rock culture, their early stage shows consisted of vulgar lyrics, male strippers and bloody nurses. They broke up on October 22, 2001.
The majority of the band members were openly Christian and previously played in bands on Tooth & Nail Records, a label that featured primarily Christian rock bands. The band itself was not affiliated with Tooth & Nail, but the fan base of affiliated bands (Roadside Monument, Ninety Pound Wuss) was largely Christian, and was left confused when Raft released their first album which contained explicit lyrics.
In 2001 Raft was invited to play Tomfest, a Christian underground music festival, and received mixed reactions when singer Jeff Suffering flipped off the crowd during their song "Two Year Lease", which features the lyrics, "you're not the only whore in town, you're just the best fuck around." Tomfest founder Mikee Bridges later issued an apology to those who were offended by the performance.
In an interview, Suffering explained the band's concept with the following:
It was art and we were making some statements about our culture by mirroring it, copying it and throwing it back on people’s faces to like say, “Hey, this is what people adhere to and this is it.” We thought it was funny and humorous and a lot of people didn’t get the joke and didn’t get that we were characters that we had created when we performed sort of to break the Rock ‘n’ Roll idea/lifestyle, although we don’t really have that idea or lifestyle, at least I don’t.
Raft of Dead Monkeys played a reunion show in January 2004 at Studio 7 in Seattle.
In 2016, Interesting Productions released a documentary about the band.
Members
Last known lineup
Jeff Suffering - Bass, Vocals (DRYBNZ, Suffering and the Hideous Thieves, Ninety Pound Wuss)
Doug Lorig - Guitar, Vocals - (Roadside Monument, Black Eagle, Patrol)
John Spalding - Guitar (Ninety Pound Wuss, Suffering and the Hideous Thieves) (RIP)
Davey B. - Drums
Former
Matt Johnson - Drums (Roadside Monument, Blenderhead, Ninety Pound Wuss, Don't Know, Supine to Sit, Rocky Votolato, Jeremy Enigk, Starflyer 59)
Jonathan Ford - (Unwed Sailor, Roadside Monument, Decahedron, Pedro the Lion, Mr. Bishop's Fist, Ester Drang, Scientific, Native Lights)
Damien Jurado - (Coolidge)
James Parks
Brian Wall
Christopher Pugmire
Discography
Albums
Thoroughlev (2001 Burnout Records)
Extended plays
DBM EP (1999 Make Believe Recordings)
Joey the Pigfucker (unreleased)
Compilation appearances
Various Artists: Is It... Dead? (2001 Sub Pop)
"tijuana"{making pots and pans}/{rock n rolls not dead}volume 2,(2001(c)orangepuss records)
References
External links
Official website
What a great name for a band! Seattle Times interview with Matt Johnson.
SHZine interview Raft of Dead Monkeys June 2000 interview with Jeff Suffering
Troy McClure Interviews Raft of Dead Monkeys February 2000 interview with Jeff Suffering and John Spalding.
Bandoppler interview with Matt Johnson
Decapolis interview with Jeff Suffering
Punk rock groups from Washington (state)
Hardcore punk groups from Washington (state)
Christian punk groups
Musical groups from Seattle
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raft%20of%20Dead%20Monkeys
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Manuela Laura Pesko (born 18 September 1978 in Chur) is a Swiss snowboarder.
External links
ManuelaPesko.com
Swiss female snowboarders
Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic snowboarders for Switzerland
1978 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Chur
21st-century Swiss women
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuela%20Pesko
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Tim Bowness (born 29 November 1963) is an English singer and songwriter primarily known for his work as part of the band No-Man, a long-term project formed in 1987 with Porcupine Tree's Steven Wilson.
Music career
In addition to recording albums with No-Man (for record labels such as One Little Indian, Sony/Epic, and Kscope), Bowness has appeared on albums by US artists OSI and David Torn, Italian artists Alice, Saro Cosentino, Fjieri, Nosound and Stefano Panunzi, Norwegian groups White Willow and The Opium Cartel, and others.
In 1994, he recorded an album with Porcupine Tree/Japan/Rain Tree Crow keyboard player Richard Barbieri, called Flame.
Bowness has been a core or occasional member of several other bands. He has sung for German band Centrozoon and British electro-improvisers Darkroom on the more vocal-orientated projects performed and released by each group. He is the lead singer and guitarist for Henry Fool and also sings for Memories of Machines. He was singer (and occasional second guitarist) for Samuel Smiles between 1992 and 2000. Bowness also has a longstanding duo collaboration with Peter Chilvers (with whom he has worked in Samuel Smiles and Henry Fool). This project has so far produced two albums, California, Norfolk (2002) and Modern Ruins (2020).
Bowness's debut solo album, My Hotel Year was released on One Little Indian in 2004. The album made use of Bowness collaborators both old and new, and featured Roger Eno and Hugh Hopper amongst others.
In 2009, Bowness co-wrote and co-produced Talking with Strangers, an album by former Fairport Convention singer, Judy Dyble.
Warm Winter, the debut album by Memories of Machines (a collaboration with Nosound's Giancarlo Erra), was issued on Mascot in April 2011, and the self-titled debut release by Anglo Estonian project Slow Electric was released on Panegyric in October 2011.
Bowness's second solo album Abandoned Dancehall Dreams was released on 23 June 2014 on Inside Out Music. Produced by Bowness and mixed by Steven Wilson, collaborators included Stephen James Bennett. Pat Mastelotto, Colin Edwin and Classical composer Andrew Keeling. Richard Barbieri and Grasscut provided mixes for the bonus disc. Abandoned Dancehall Dreams came out to some of the best reviews of Bowness' career. Receiving positive endorsements from Prog and Classic Rock, the album reached No. 18 in the official UK Rock charts and No. 1 in Prog magazine's July 2014 and August 2014 charts.
A follow-up to Abandoned Dancehall Dreams, Stupid Things That Mean the World, was released on 17 July 2015 on Inside Out Music. Bowness admitted similarities between the two albums, in both the musical approach and artwork, calling it the second part of a new chapter that began with Abandoned Dancehall Dreams. Produced by Bowness and mixed by Bruce Soord, collaborators included Stephen James Bennett, Peter Hammill, Colin Edwin, Phil Manzanera and David Rhodes. The album reached No. 10 in both the official UK Rock and UK Vinyl charts, and No. 1 in Prog magazine's July 2015 and August 2015 charts. In September 2015, Stupid Things That Mean the World was No. 9 in the first ever Official Charts Company Progressive Albums chart.
Tim Bowness's fourth solo album Lost in the Ghost Light - a concept album revolving around the onstage and backstage thoughts of a veteran musician - was released on 17 February 2017 on Inside Out Music. The album garnered very positive reviews from the Rock media - Prog, Powerplay, Classic Rock, Shindig! - as well as in more mainstream publications such as The Daily Express, Mojo and Classic Pop. Produced Tim Bowness with Stephen James Bennett, the album mixed and mastered by Steven Wilson and alongside performances by regular collaborators such as Stephen James Bennett, Bruce Soord, Colin Edwin and Andrew Keeling, featured guest appearances from Jethro Tull's Ian Anderson, and ex Camel/Happy The Man keyboard player Kit Watkins. Lost in the Ghost Light reached No.5 in the official UK Rock chart, No.8 in the official UK Progressive chart and won "Album Cover of the Year" at the 2017 Progressive Music Awards.
Flowers at the Scene was released on 1 March 2019 on Inside Out Music. Like its predecessor, the album garnered extremely positive reviews from the Rock media in Britain and Europe, as well as in more mainstream publications such as The Daily Express, Mojo and Classic Pop. Produced by Tim Bowness with Steven Wilson - as No-Man - and Brian Hulse, the album featured guest appearances from Peter Hammill, Kevin Godley, Andy Partridge, Jim Matheos, David Longdon, Colin Edwin, Dylan Howe and others. Flowers at the Scene reached No.5 in both the official UK Rock and UK Progressive charts, No.24 in the official UK Vinyl chart, and No.38 in the official UK Physical sales chart.
Late Night Laments, Bowness's sixth solo album, was released on 28 August 2020 on Inside Out Music. A more intimate and atmospheric work than any of his previous solo albums, guest players included Richard Barbieri, Kavus Torabi and Colin Edwin. The album was mixed by Steven Wilson, mastered by Calum Malcolm, and reached No.45 in the official UK Physical sales chart, No.4 in the UK Progressive charts, and No.56 in the official Scottish chart. The album was No.14 in Prog Magazine's Best Of 2020 critic's list.
Butterfly Mind, Bowness's seventh solo album, was released on 5 August 2022 on Inside Out Music. Seen as the most eclectic and dynamic of his solo releases, high-profile guests such as Ian Anderson, Dave Formula, Peter Hammill, Nick Beggs, (ex-Elbow drummer) Richard Jupp and others contributed to the album. Butterfly Mind generated the most positive reviews of Bowness's career, alongside his highest UK chart placings.
Business
In 2001, Bowness co-founded the online record label and store Burning Shed with Peter Chilvers and Pete Morgan. Originally a label dedicated to producing online, on-demand CDRs of experimental side-projects by the likes of Bass Communion, Hugh Hopper and Roger Eno) it quickly evolved into hosting official online stores for No-Man, Porcupine Tree, Jethro Tull, King Crimson, Andy Partridge, Big Big Train, Will Sergeant and many other artists.
Podcast
In May 2020, Bowness launched 'The Album Years', an audio only podcast with his partner in No-Man, Steven Wilson. It was very successful upon release, charting highly all around the world on Apple Podcasts.
Charting songs and albums
Select discography (Outside No-Man)
Solo albums
My Hotel Year (One Little Indian, 2004) – Debut solo album
Abandoned Dancehall Dreams (Inside Out Music, 2014) – 2nd solo album
Stupid Things That Mean the World (Inside Out Music, 2015) – 3rd solo album
Lost in the Ghost Light (Inside Out Music, 2017) – 4th solo album
Songs from the Ghost Light (Burning Shed, 2017) – Lost in the Ghost Light companion release featuring outtakes, remixes and live performances.
Flowers at the Scene (Inside Out Music, 2019) – 5th solo album
Late Night Laments (Inside Out Music, 2020) – 6th solo album
Butterfly Mind (Inside Out Music, 2022) – 7th solo album
With Peter Chilvers
California, Norfolk (Burning Shed, 2002) – with Peter Chilvers
Slow Electric (Burning Shed, 2010) – as Slow Electric - with Peter Chilvers, UMA (Robert Jüjendal, Aleksei Saks) and Tony Levin
Modern Ruins (Burning Shed, 2020) – with Peter Chilvers
With Plenty
It Could Be Home (2018)
Enough (2021)
Other albums
Flame (One Little Indian, 1994) – with Richard Barbieri
[[Ones And Zeros ]](Voiceprint, 1997) – with Saro Cosentino (guest vocals on one track)
Viaggio in Italia (NuN Entertainment, 2003) – with Alice (guest vocals on two tracks)
The Scent of Crash and Burn EP (Burning Shed, 2003) – with centrozoon
Never Trust the Way You Are (Resonancer, 2004) – with centrozoon
Duality (Holy Records, 2008) – with Rajna (guests on three tracks)
Lightdark (Kscope, 2008) – with Nosound (guest vocals on one track)
Blood (Inside Out, 2009) – with OSI (guest vocals on one track)
Talking with Strangers (FixIt, 2009) with Judy Dyble (guest vocals throughout the album, co-written & co-produced by Bowness)
"Fjieri: "Endless"", (Forward Music Italy, 2009) - with Stefano Panunzi, Nicola Lori, Mick Karn, Richard Barbieri, Gavin Harrison, Nicola Alesini, Andrea Chimenti
"A Rose (Stefano Panunzi album)" (Emerald Recordings, ER-CD 01/09, 2009) - with Mick Karn, Thomas Leer, Giancarlo Erra, Theo Travis, Robby Aceto, Fabio Fraschini, Markus Reuter, Andrea Chimenti
Warm Winter (Mascot, 2011) – with Giancarlo Erra (as Memories of Machines)
"Fjieri: "Words Are All We Have", (Emerald Recordings, ER-CD 02/15, 2015) - with Stefano Panunzi, Jakko Jakszyk, Gavin Harrison, Nicola Lori
Skyscraper Souls (Cherry Red, 2017) – with Geoff Downes & Chris Braide (guests on one track)
UBIK (Sweet Hole, 2022) – with Sweet Hole (guests on as UBIK voice on some tracks)
References
External links
Tim Bowness official website
No-Man official website
No-Man "A Confession"
Burning Shed
1963 births
Living people
English male songwriters
English male singers
One Little Independent Records artists
People from Stockton Heath
OSI (band) members
Inside Out Music artists
No-Man members
Henry Fool (band) members
Musicians from Warrington
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Bowness
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Xiafs was a file system for the Linux kernel which was conceived and developed by Frank Xia and was based on the MINIX file system. Today it is obsolete and not in use, except possibly in some historic installations.
History
Linux originally used the MINIX file system, but it had a number of limitations. For example, the length of filenames was limited to 14 characters and the partition size was limited to 64 MB. To replace the MINIX file system, the extended file system (or ext) was developed. However, ext retained some problems such as poor performance and the lack of some date stamps. Two contenders for replacing ext were quickly developed: ext2 and Xiafs. The two file systems were included in the standard kernel in December 1993 (Linux 0.99.15). ext2 and Xiafs had the same goal: To offer good performance, reasonable limitations, and fixing the flaws of ext. Initially, Xiafs was more stable than ext2, but being a fairly minimalistic modification of the MINIX file system, it was not very well suited for future extension.
The end result was that Xiafs changed very little while ext2 evolved considerably, rapidly improving stability and performance, and adding extensions. ext2, after some shakedown time, quickly became the standard file system of Linux. Since then, ext2 has developed into a very mature and robust file system.
Xiafs and the original ext were removed from Linux version 2.1.21, as they were no longer in use and were not maintained. ext2, ext3, and their successor ext4 are in the Linux kernel. As an exercise in computer history and as a file system tutorial, Xiafs was ported to modern Linux in 2013.
Comparison with ext2
Xiafs was less powerful and offered less functionality than ext2. The maximum size of a file was 64 MiB and the maximum size of a partition was 2 GiB. While this was an improvement over ext, it did not measure up to ext2. Xiafs used less disk space for its control structures and it had greater stability at that time.
See also
List of file systems
Comparison of file systems
External links
A modern implementation of Xiafs
References
Disk file systems
File systems supported by the Linux kernel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiafs
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Charge sharing is an effect of signal degradation through transfer of charges from one electronic domain to another.
Charge sharing in semiconductor radiation detectors
In pixelated semiconductor radiation detectors - such as photon-counting or hybrid-pixel-detectors, charge sharing refers to the diffusion of electrical charges with a negative impact on image quality.
Formation of charge sharing
In the active detector layer of photon detectors, incident photons are converted to electron-hole pairs via the photoelectric effect. The resulting charge cloud is being accelerated towards the readout electronics via an applied voltage bias. Because of thermic energy and repulsion due to the electric fields inside such a device, the charge cloud diffuses, effectively getting larger in lateral size. In pixelated detectors, this effect can lead to a detection of parts of the initial charge cloud in neighbouring pixels. As the probability for this cross talk increases towards pixel edges, it is more prominent in detectors with smaller pixel size. Furthermore, fluorescence of the detector material above its K-edge can lead to additional charge carriers that add to the effect of charge-sharing. Especially in photon counting detectors, charge sharing can lead to errors in the signal count.
Problems of charge sharing
Especially in photon counting detectors, the energy of an incident photon is correlated with the net sum of the charge in the primary charge cloud. This kind of detectors often use thresholds to be able to act over a certain noise level but also to discriminate incident photons of different energies. If a certain part of the charge cloud is diffusing to the read-out electronics of a neighbouring pixel, this results in the detection of two events with lower energy than the primary photon. Furthermore, if the resulting charge in one of the affected pixels is smaller than the threshold, the event is discarded as noise. In general, this leads to the underestimation of the energy of incident photons. The registration of one incident photon in several pixels degrades spatial resolution, as the information about the primary interaction is smeared out. Furthermore, this effect leads to degradation of energy resolution due to the general underestimation. Especially in medical applications, charge sharing reduces the dose efficiency, meaning that the useful proportion of the incident dose for imaging applications is reduced.
Correction of charge sharing
There are several approaches on the correction of charge sharing. One approach is to neglect all events, where in the same time window there is a detector response in more than one corresponding pixel - which severely reduces detector efficiency and limits the possible maximum countrate. Another approach is addition of the low levels of signal of correlated events in neighbouring pixels and attribution to the pixel with the largest signal. Other correction approaches basically rely on a deconvolution in the signal domain, taking calibrated detector response into account.
Charge sharing in digital electronics
In digital electronics, charge sharing is an undesirable signal integrity phenomenon observed most commonly in the Domino logic family of digital circuits. The charge sharing problem occurs when the charge which is stored at the output node in the precharge phase is shared among the output or junction capacitances of transistors which are in the evaluation phase. Charge sharing may degrade the output voltage level or even cause erroneous output value
References
Digital electronics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge%20sharing
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Pembrey Circuit is a motor racing circuit near Pembrey village, Carmarthenshire, Wales. It is the home of Welsh motorsport, providing racing for cars, motorcycles, karts and trucks. The circuit's facilities have also been used for a single-venue rally.
History
The stimulus for the creation of a racing circuit at Pembrey was the closure of the motor racing facility at Llandow near Cardiff. Port Talbot Motor Cycle Racing Club were the first organisation to put on racing events at this circuit. In 1981 the Welsh Race Drivers' Association (WRDA) was formed with the expressed intention of developing a new race circuit in Wales. At the same time the former RAF airfield at Pembrey, which had been used as a chicken farm, was acquired by Llanelli Borough Council. Following a representation by the WRDA the decision was taken to construct a racing circuit at the venue. The first race meeting was held on 21 May 1989, and the winner of the first race at the circuit was Nigel Petch in an MGB.
In 1990 the BARC signed a 50-year lease to operate the circuit on behalf of Carmarthenshire County Council.
Testing
The circuit is popular for testing, mainly due to its variety of fast sweeping corners and tight hairpins. It is often referred to as a drivers favourite. Formula One teams have tested at the circuit including McLaren and their drivers Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost in the late 1980s. Arrows, Benetton, Jordan and Williams all tested at Pembrey in the early 1990s with BAR being the last Formula One team to test at Pembrey in 1998. The Seat and VX Racing BTCC teams have tested there in previous years, as has Nigel Mansell in a GP Masters car. These F1 cars are likely to have set times faster than the official lap record, and indeed locals at the circuit still talk of the sensational unofficial lap record set by Ayrton Senna. However, convention dictates that the official lap record is the fastest lap set under racing conditions, so that honour goes to Argentine Formula 3 driver, Brian Smith, who in a Dallara F397 set a time of 50.079 seconds in 1997.
Senna's lap time in testing was 44.43.
In recent seasons the circuit has been a popular venue for GT and F3 teams to test at, not only because of the quality of the circuit, but also due to the less stringent noise restrictions in place than at other British circuits.
Configurations
The circuit has two different sections, an all tarmac race circuit and a rally cross circuit utilizing some of the race circuit with an addition off-road surface. The circuit is operated by the British Automobile Racing Club (BARC) under the terms of a 50-year lease from Carmarthenshire County Council. A third configuration was also used in 1996, which was that of a short oval. This followed the race circuit from the Start/Finish straight, through the first two corners of the track, before turning left at the third corner and returning to the Start/Finish straight. There were plans to include a quarter mile drag strip, but this never came to fruition.The proposed Drag Strip never got off the ground.
Major events
The circuit has hosted the British Touring Car Championship twice, in 1992 and 1993 at which time the championship was the most popular motorsport series in the UK outside Formula One. Formula 3 races have also been run at Pembrey Circuit, and indeed many recent Formula 1 drivers including Jenson Button raced at Pembrey in their early F3 days. Pembrey twice hosted the European Rallycross Championship in 1997 and 1998. Top-level Superbike racing has also been hosted at Pembrey, in 1990 and 1994.
Over the winter of 2005/06 a new pit lane was constructed. Highlights on the current calendar (2018) include rounds of the British Rallycross Championship and two rounds of the British Truck Racing Championship, organized by the BTRA. The circuit serves as the main venue for the Welsh Sports and Saloon Car Championship, which has been particularly successful in recent years attracting a wide range of cars and averaging grids of over 20. In addition, the British Motorcycle Racing Club, the British Drift Championship and two single venue rallies, amongst others, were held in February and October.
Prost vs. Senna – Pembrey Folklore
Following an incident at the 1989 San Marino Grand Prix, the Alain Prost/Ayrton Senna war began to build up speed after the Frenchman said that McLaren had a pre-race agreement that whoever led into the first turn should stay there, which was ironically suggested by Senna. In Prost's view, Senna had broken this agreement by passing him partway round the first lap after the restart. The following week McLaren were testing at Pembrey, and Ron Dennis (team principal) summoned both drivers to attend, as he was determined to re-establish law and order. Senna was refusing to apologise, and Jo Ramírez even heard that “he’d apparently said that the deal had been not to actually pass Prost by slipstreaming before that the move was allowable!” He really only apologised because of the pressure under which Dennis put him at Pembrey, and for the good of the team but he wasn’t happy about it.
Major race results
British Formula Three Championship
British Touring Car Championship
European Rallycross Championship
British Superbike Championship
See also
RAF Pembrey
Pembrey Airport
Court Farm, Pembrey
Llandow Circuit
Anglesey Circuit
Notes
References
External links
BARC Wales
Welsh Racing Drivers' Association
BARC
FIA Grade 4 circuit
Motorsport venues in Wales
Sport in Carmarthenshire
Sport in Llanelli
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrey%20Circuit
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Face A / Face B is a 2002 album by the Belgian singer Axelle Red.
The singles released from the album were "Je Me Fâche", "Venez Vers Moi", "Pas Maintenant", "Toujours" and "Gloria".
Track listing
"Venez vers moi" (Axelle Red, Richard Seff) – 4:52
"Voilà tout ce qu'on peut faire" (Red, R. Seff) – 4:18
"Vole" (Red) – 5:17
"Blanche Neige" (Red) – 6:01
"Je me fâche" (Red) – 4:55
"Toujours" (Red, Daniel Seff) – 4:14
"Amants de minuits" (Red, Christophe Vervoort) – 4:26
"Disco grenouille" (Red) – 5:31
"Gloria" (Red, Vervoort) – 4:04
"Pas maintenant" (Red, D. Seff) – 3:39
"T'es ma maman" (Red, Vervoort) – 3:50
"Bon Anniversaire" (Red, Vervoort) – 12:55
Certifications
Charts
References
2002 albums
Axelle Red albums
Virgin Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face%20A%20/%20Face%20B
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Raúl Francisco Martínez-Malo Jr. (born August 7, 1965), known professionally as Raúl Malo, is an American singer, songwriter, guitarist and record producer. He is the lead singer of country music band The Mavericks and the co-writer of many of their singles, as well as Rick Trevino's 2003 single "In My Dreams". After the disbanding of The Mavericks in the early 2000s, Malo pursued a solo career. He has also participated from 2001 in the Los Super Seven supergroup. The Mavericks re-formed in 2012 and continue to tour extensively. In 2015 they won the Americana music award for duo/group of the year.
Solo discography
Albums
Singles
Music videos
References
External links
1965 births
Living people
American male singer-songwriters
American country singer-songwriters
American musicians of Cuban descent
Singers from Miami
Country musicians from Florida
Progressive country musicians
Singer-songwriters from Florida
The Mavericks members
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raul%20Malo
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Alexander "Boss" Gibson (1 August 1818 – 14 August 1913) was a Canadian industrialist in New Brunswick, Canada. His business interests included sawmills, railways, and a cotton mill. He founded the company town of Marysville, New Brunswick.
Early life
Alexander Gibson was born in St. Andrews, New Brunswick on 1 August 1818. He was the first of seven children born to John Gibson and his wife Mary Jane Johnson, who had immigrated to Canada from Ireland in 1818, accompanied by John Gibson's parents, Alexander Gibson Sr. and Janet Moore, brothers James and Stuart, and sister Margaret. During Alexander Gibson's childhood in the 1820s the family lived in a log house and farmed six acres of land. The grandparents seem both to have been born in Scotland, but all of the children were of Irish birth. Unlike the waves of poor Irish who were beginning to land in the Maritimes (St. Andrews alone landed several thousands between 1817 and 1818), Gibson's grandfather seems not to have been poor, as he speculated modestly in land in St. Andrews until about 1825, when he applied for and was granted a 60-acre tract of farmland in Oak Bay, near St. Stephen, selling two 20-acre lots and reserving the easternmost portion for his own family. John Gibson, the Boss's father, is given as "shoemaker" on his son's baptismal record, but became a farmer upon the move to Oak Bay.
Gibson married Mary Ann Robinson on 31 December 1843. She had been born in County Donegal, Ireland in 1827, two years before her parents emigrated to Canada and settled in Baillie Settlement, one of many tiny farming communities surrounding St. Stephen and Milltown, little more that what one commentator described as "windows in the forest.". Alexander Gibson and his wife were to have twelve children, of whom six lived to adulthood.
Sawmills and lumbering
Alexander Gibson went to work in the sawmills in Milltown, New Brunswick, first as a laborer, then as sawyer and later mill manager. He became an expert at managing water-powered mills using the innovative gang saws which were first used in the area in the 1840s. In the 1850s, with an American partner, Gibson leased a sawmill and water rights on the Lepreau River in Charlotte County, New Brunswick.
In 1862 Gibson left Charlotte County and purchased land and a sawmill operation on the Nashwaak River near Fredericton. A company directed by Robert Rankin owned the operation, which was failing because of poor management and had been offered for sale for several years before Gibson purchased it for £7,300. The property included sawmills, a gristmill, a store, a blacksmith shop, and "a number of houses well suited for workmen", as well as a farm and 7,000 acres of woodland. The purchase price also included the right to float logs and rafts down the Nashwaak River to its mouth in the Saint John River across from the city of Fredericton.
Gibson immediately began to improve and expand the operation. He enlarged the mill pond by putting a chain of piers across the river above an existing dam, and built more dams in order to improve the flow of logs to his sawmills. He also renovated the mills, outfitting them with double gang saws, and brought in experienced workers from Lepreau to run them. In the spring of 1863 the mills began sawing 3 inch planks, called deals, which were floated to a log boom at the mouth of the Nashwaak. They were then taken on lighters or rafts down the Saint John River to the port of Saint John, New Brunswick, and thence to the British or American markets. Eventually Gibson also shipped wood to South America, Australia, and the West Indies. At times his wood production accounted for more than half of the goods exported annually from the port of Saint John.
In his first 10 years of operation on the Nashwaak, Gibson was granted 30,000 acres of forested Crown Land, and bought another 93,000 acres of forest from the New Brunswick and Nova Scotia Land Company.
Railways
In 1864 the New Brunswick government passed the Railway Facility Act, which encouraged the building of railways by giving companies a subsidy of $10,000 per mile. The first railway company in the Fredericton area was the Fredericton Railway Company, of which Gibson was a director. It was incorporated in 1866 to build a line from Fredericton to the community of Hartt's Mills. When it opened in November 1867 it joined the Western Extension of the European and North American Railway which ran from Maine to Saint John, New Brunswick.
Gibson's second railway venture was as a director, and later president, of the New Brunswick Land and Railway Company, which received a provincial government charter in 1870 to build a line north to Edmundston. The province granted the company 10,000 acres of crown land per mile of track, for a total of 1,647,772 acres of forested land. The charter stipulated that construction must start in three years, with completion in eight years. After two years of unsuccessful efforts by the company to raise money in England to finance construction, Gibson offered to pay one quarter of the cost. Gibson took over as president of the company and with the granting of another $225,000 by city and county governments, construction began in May 1872. The railway, which was called the "Gibson Line" reached Edmundson in 1878. Its southern terminus was at the village of Gibson (named after Alexander Gibson) on the north bank of the Saint John River near the mouth of the Nashwaak. In 1880 the company was sold and Alexander Gibson received $800,000 for his shares.
Gibson's involvement in a third railway company took place when he opened the Marysville Cotton Mill, which was not yet served by a railway line. In 1882 he became president of the Northern and Western Railway Company, which had been incorporated to build a railway from Fredericton to the towns of Newcastle and Chatham on the Miramichi River in northeastern New Brunswick. The federal and provincial governments pledged subsidies of $3,000 and $3,200 per mile, respectively. A line between Gibson and Marysville was completed in the summer of 1884, while the remainder was finished by September 1886. In 1893 Gibson bought out his partner Jabez Bunting Snowball and became sole owner of the company, which had become the Canada Eastern Railway in 1890. In 1904 he sold the railway to the federal government for $800,000.
Gibson was president of the Fredericton and St. Mary's Railway Bridge Company, which was incorporated by federal government in 1885 to build the bridge across the Saint John River between Fredericton and Gibson. The Fredericton Railway Bridge was completed in June 1888.
Cotton mill
In 1883 Gibson embarked on a new venture, the manufacture of cotton textiles. The protectionist National Policy of 1879 encouraged the building of cotton mills in Canada, particularly in the Atlantic Provinces, and Gibson soon had one of the largest in Canada. The mill, which was designed by Lockwood, Greene & Co. of Providence, Rhode Island, had four storeys and was 418 feet long by 100 feet wide. It had steam heat and a sprinkler system as fire protection. Its 800 carbon arc electric lights were the first in the Fredericton area.
Most of the building materials came from Gibson's own land. The bricks were manufactured on the site, from clay dug on Gibson's property. Brick was used to construct rows of duplex houses for the mill workers, as well as a brick hotel to house unmarried female employees. Raw cotton from the United States started arriving at Marysville in 1885 and the mill was in full production by the end of 1889, employing 500 people by 1893.
Marysville
When Gibson arrived at his newly purchased property on the Nashwaak in 1862 he found poor sanitation and endemic typhoid fever. Gibson had the site cleaned up and then built a new model village to accommodate the mill workers and their families, calling it Marysville after his wife and his eldest daughter, both of whom were named Mary. He had 24 duplex houses built on the opposite side of the river from the mill, with a foot bridge crossing the river. Gibson paid for the building of a school, which opened in 1864 and included a library room containing 300 books.
The top floor of Gibson's large new store was used as a Methodist meeting-house until he funded the construction of a magnificent Methodist church. The Marysville Methodist Church, which cost Gibson over $65,000, was dedicated on 5 January 1873. Built of wood in Gothic Revival style, it was octagonal in shape with a 156-foot spire. It was framed with imported southern pine with walnut, mahogany and ash interior fittings, and had elaborate stained glass windows imported from England. Gibson paid the minister's and organist's salaries and gave each choir member an annual stipend.
The New Brunswick Legislature passed an act incorporating the Town of Marysville in April 1886. As well as naming the town after his wife and daughter, Gibson chose the pine tree as the image to appear on the town's crest. In the town's first election in January 1887, his son Alexander Gibson Jr. was elected mayor, a position he held until 1908.
The building of the cotton mill and worker's houses in the 1880s transformed the community, which was designated the Marysville Historic District National Historic Site of Canada in 1993. It was described as "among the earliest and most complete Canadian examples of an integrated industrial/ residential community", while the "high quality, brick construction of both tenements and mill reflect Gibson's optimism for the community". The cotton mill building received a separate National Historic Site designation in 1986.
Later years and legacy
The Canadian cotton textile industry, including Gibson's enterprise, soon ran into difficulties. These included a shortage of skilled workers, competition for raw materials, and dependence on imported technology. Most serious was the fact that the market could not support the amount of cotton cloth produced by all the mills. Gibson refused to join a trade association organized as early as 1886 to try to prevent overproduction, but in 1892 he agreed to market all his production through the Canadian Colored Cotton Mills Company Limited of Montreal.
Through the 1890s, also, his lumber export business became less profitable, due to the increasing age of his mills and the declining supply of suitable lumber on his land. He reorganized and recapitalized his businesses, first as Alexander Gibson & Sons in 1897, and then as the Alexander Gibson Railroad and Manufacturing Company in 1900. Finally, he was unable to extricate himself from his financial difficulties. The cotton mill property was taken over by the Canadian Colored Cotton Mills Company in 1907, while his remaining business assets were transferred to his creditors in 1908. He received an annual pension of $5,000 and the right to live in his house in Marysville for the rest of his life. Alexander Gibson died at his home in Marysville on 14 August 1913, at the age of ninety four. His wife had predeceased him in 1898.
Alexander Gibson was remembered as a generous philanthropist as well as a "hard-driving entrepreneur". He was recognized as a Person of National Historic Significance by the Canadian government in 2007. The citation noted that he was "a pivotal figure in the economy of the Maritimes at a time of transformation and integration within the national economy" and that he "left an important legacy of railway and industrial infrastructure in his province". His Family Plot in the Alexander Gibson Memorial Cemetery, 351 Canada Street, Fredericton was declared an Historic Place in 2010.
References
1819 births
1913 deaths
People from Charlotte County, New Brunswick
Colony of New Brunswick people
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Businesspeople in wood products
Businesspeople in textiles
Canadian railway entrepreneurs
Businesspeople from New Brunswick
19th-century Canadian businesspeople
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Gibson%20%28industrialist%29
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Roger Frank Tomlinson (17 November 1933 – 7 February 2014) was an English-Canadian geographer and the primary originator of modern geographic information systems (GIS), and has been acknowledged as the "father of GIS."
Biography
Roger Tomlinson was a native of Newmarket, England, and prior to attending university, he served in the Royal Air Force from 1951–1954 as a pilot and flying officer.
After his military service, Dr. Tomlinson attended the University of Nottingham and Acadia University for two separate undergraduate degrees in geography and geology, respectively. He received a master's degree in geography from McGill University where he specialised in the glacial geomorphology of Labrador. His Doctoral thesis at University College London was titled: The application of electronic computing methods and techniques to the storage, compilation, and assessment of mapped data.
Dr. Tomlinson's early career included serving as an assistant professor at Acadia, working as the manager of the computer mapping division at Spartan Air Services in Ottawa, Ontario (following his studies at McGill), and work with the Government of Canada first as a consultant and later as a director of regional planning systems with the Department of Forestry and Rural Development.
It was during his tenure in the 1960s with Ottawa-based aerial survey company Spartan Air Services that Dr. Tomlinson conceptualized combining land use mapping with emerging computer technology. This pioneering work led him to initiate, plan and direct the development of the Canada Geographic Information System, the first computerised GIS in the world.
From the 1970s until his death, Dr. Tomlinson worked in geographic consulting and research for a variety of private sector, government, and non-profit organisations, largely through his Ottawa-based company, Tomlinson Associates Ltd., which has branches of consulting geographers in Canada, the United States, and Australia.
He was Chairman of the International Geographical Union GIS Commission for 12 years. He pioneered the concepts of worldwide geographical data availability as Chairman of the IGU Global Database Planning Project in 1988. He was also a president of the Canadian Association of Geographers.
Awards and honours
He was recipient of Canadian Association of Geographers rare award for Service to the Profession. The Association of American Geographers in the United States awarded him the James R. Anderson Medal of Honor for Applied Geography in 1995 and he was the first recipient of the Robert T. Aangeenbrug Distinguished Career Award in 2005.
Dr. Tomlinson was an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and winner of their Murchison Award for the Development of Geographic Information Systems. In 1996 he was awarded the GIS World Lifetime Achievement Award for a lifetime of work with GIS, and he was the first recipient of the ESRI Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997. In 2004, in recognition of his numerous achievements in the industry, the GIS Certification Institute awarded Dr. Tomlinson the GISP Certificate for Lifetime GIS Achievement and he was inducted into URISA's GIS Hall of Fame and awarded lifetime membership. In 2010 Tomlinson received the Alexander Graham Bell Medal of the National Geographic Society (together with Jack Dangermond). In 2011, he was presented with an Honorary Membership in the Association of Ontario Land Surveyors.
Tomlinson also received the Geospatial Information & Technology Association Lifetime Achievement Award.
In 2013, Tomlinson was awarded a Fellow of the University Consortium for Geographic Information Science.
More recently, he was made a fellow of University College London and received honorary Doctorates of Science from the University of Nottingham, Acadia University, McGill University, and the University of Lethbridge. He was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Canadian Geographical Society and was awarded the Order of Canada by the Governor General for "changing the face of geography as a discipline." In 2013, he was promoted to Officer of the Order of Canada by the Governor General.
References
External links
Interview with Dr. Tomlinson in ESRI News Fall 2001 issue
Announcement from McGill University granting Dr. Tomlinson an honorary Doctor of Science degree at the May 31, 2006 convocation.
Videos of Dr. Tomlinson from the video.esri.com site
Conversation with Dr. Tomlinson from 2009
1933 births
2014 deaths
Military personnel from Cambridgeshire
20th-century Royal Air Force personnel
Royal Air Force officers
People from Cambridge
Military personnel from Ottawa
Officers of the Order of Canada
English geographers
Alumni of the University of Nottingham
Acadia University alumni
Academic staff of Acadia University
McGill University Faculty of Science alumni
Alumni of University College London
Geographic information scientists
Royal Canadian Geographical Society fellows
National Geographic Society medals recipients
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Tomlinson
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The following is a list of flags of entities named or related to Norway.
Kingdom of Norway
National flags
Civil pennant
Royal standards
Flags of the Government
Other flags
Flags of the Military
Flags of the Navy
Flags of the Army
The rank flags are also used by the Air Force and Home Guard.
Flags of the Air Force
The Air Force uses the same rank flags as the Army.
Flags of the Home Guard
Flags of the Coastal Artillery
The now obsolete Coastal artillery of Norway used to have separate rank flags.
Other flags
Military Standards
Army Standards
Historical Army Standards
Air Force Standards
Home Guard Standards
Historical flags
These flags are no longer in use, except the merchant flag of 1821–1844, which was also used from 1899 until the present. Note: The Royal Standard of Norway is seen as the official flag of the Old Kingdom of Norway.
Raven Banner (9th - 11th century)
Kingdom of Norway (872 - 1397)
Kalmar Union (1397 - 1537)
Denmark-Norway (1537 - 1814)
Kingdom of Norway (1814)
Sweden-Norway (1814 - 1905)
Other flags of Sweden-Norway (1815-1844)
Other flags of Sweden-Norway (1844-1905)
German occupation of Norway
Nasjonal Samling and collaborationists
Party Flags
Rikshirden (Hird of the realm)
Unghirden (Youth Hird)
Unghirden was a branch of the youth organisation specialized for boys between 14 and 18. The flags of Unghirden was also used by the Guttehirden (Boys hird).
NS Ungdomsfylking (Youth organisation)
NS Ungdomsfylking was Nasjonal Samling's youth organisation for children and youth from 10 and 18. The flags of Ungdomsfylking was also used by the Gjentehirden (Girls hird) and the Småhirden (Small hird).
Kvinnehirden (Women's hird)
Kvinnehirden was a branch of the NS Kvinneorganisajonen. Despite being named a Hird, they were not officially part of the hird did not serve any military function, therefore their flags lacked the swords in the sun cross.
Kvinneorganisasjon (Women's organisation)
NS Kvinneorganisasjonen was an organisation for women connected to the party.
Hirdmarinen (Hird Navy)
Hirdmarinen was the Hirden's naval branch meant to form the basis for the future Norwegian navy under Quisling's rule.
Nasjonal Samling Labour Service
The NS Labour Service (NS Arbeidstjeneste) was one of the Nasjonal Samling party's special organisations. The Labour Service was meant to combat unemployment in Norway, similar to the German Reich Labour Service.
Flags of other Norwegian collaborationists
Political flags
Subnational flags
Ethnic group flags
Proposed flags of Norway
1814 proposals
1815 proposals
1820 proposals
1821 proposals
In 1821, a flag committee was deducted in the Storting to find a new merchant flag of Norway. 18 Proposals were put forward to be judged by the committee. On May 4, The Storting discussed and held the vote on what would become the Norwegian flag.
The original documents of 14 of the 18 flag proposals are stored in the Storting Archive. Proposal 4, 5, 9, and 17 are missing.
1836 union flag proposals
Dependent territory proposals
House flags of Norwegian freight companies
See also
Norwegian heraldry
Coat of arms of Norway
Ja, vi elsker dette landet
Kongesangen
History of Norway
References
External links
Norway Army & Air Force Flags Since 1905
Norway
Flags of Norway
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20flags%20of%20Norway
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Stonor Park is a historic country house and private deer park situated in a valley in the Chiltern Hills at Stonor, about north of Henley-on-Thames in Oxfordshire, England, close to the county boundary with Buckinghamshire. The house has a 12th-century private chapel. The remains of a prehistoric stone circle are in the grounds. It is the ancestral home and seat of the Stonor family, Baron Camoys. The current Lord Camoys is William Stonor.
Setting
The house nestles in the Chiltern Hills. Behind the main house, there is a walled garden in an Italianate style on a rising slope, providing good views. Around the house is a park with a herd of fallow deer. Around the park are Almshill Wood, Balham's Wood and Kildridge Wood. The house and garden are open to the public.
History
Stonor House has been the home of the Stonor family for more than eight centuries. In the house are displays of family portraits, tapestries, bronzes and ceramics. The house has a 12th-century private chapel built of flint and stone, with an early brick tower.
The house was probably begun after 1280, when Sir Richard Stonor (1250–1314) married his second wife, Margaret Harnhull.
During and after the English Reformation the Stonor family and many other local gentry were recusants. In 1581, the Jesuit priests Edmund Campion and Robert Parsons lived and worked at Stonor Park, and Campion's Decem Rationes was printed here on a secret press. On 4 August 1581, a raid on the house found the press. Campion and Parsons had left a few days earlier, but the elderly Lady Cecily Stonor, her son John, the Jesuit priest William Hartley, the printers and four servants were taken prisoner, and in 1585, Hartley was exiled. Despite further prosecutions and fines the Stonors remained Roman Catholic throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, and enabled many local villagers to remain Roman Catholic by allowing them to attend Mass at their private chapel. Between 1716 and 1756, John Talbot Stonor, Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District, used Stonor Park as his headquarters.
The Stonor family's steadfast adherence to Roman Catholicism throughout the reformation led to their marginalisation and relative impoverishment in subsequent centuries. This has inadvertently resulted in the preservation of the house in a relative unspoiled and unimproved state.
Stone circle
The house was built on the site of a prehistoric stone circle or henge and this has given it its name. The remains of the circle are still visible with one stone incorporated into the south-east corner of the chapel. The stones are a mixture of sarsens and puddingstone. The current stone positions are the result of re-positioning during 17th-century landscaping and 20th-century reconstruction. The site is listed as a folly in the Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) (PRN 2064)).
Media appearances
Stonor has been used as a filming location including; The Pumaman (1980), The Living Daylights (1987), film version (1987), One Foot in the Grave, Endeavour (2019), A Christmas Carol (2019), and Antiques Roadshow (2020).
Bibliography
References
External links
Stonor official website
AboutBritain.com information
Great British Gardens information
Tour UK information
The Living Daylights information
Stonor Cricket Club official website
Gardens in Oxfordshire
Henley-on-Thames
Country houses in Oxfordshire
Parks and open spaces in Oxfordshire
Tourist attractions in Oxfordshire
Grade I listed houses in Oxfordshire
Historic house museums in Oxfordshire
Stone circles in Oxfordshire
History of Oxfordshire
Grade II* listed parks and gardens in Buckinghamshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonor%20Park
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