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KWES-TV (channel 9) is a television station licensed to Odessa, Texas, United States, serving the Permian Basin area as an affiliate of NBC. The station is owned by Tegna Inc. and maintains studios on West County Road 127 near the Midland International Air and Space Port, between Odessa and Midland; its transmitter is located near Notrees, Texas. Channel 9 in west Texas signed on as KVKM-TV from Monahans, Texas, in 1958. A small ABC affiliate, the station was a relatively minor player in the regional television market. The station was owned by Grayson Enterprises in the 1970s under the KMOM-TV call sign; allegations of falsified program logs and other violations, as well as the gutting of Grayson-owned KWAB (channel 4, now KCWO-TV) in Big Spring to rebroadcast KMOM-TV, led to license renewal hearings that culminated in a distress sale to a minority-owned company, Permian Basin Television Corporation. The new owners relaunched the station as KTPX in 1980, but advertiser misgivings continued to weigh the station down. ABC upgraded its affiliation by switching to KMID-TV in 1982, leaving KTPX with the NBC affiliation in the area. Drewry Communications purchased KTPX in 1991, ending a four-year period of receivership. The call sign was changed to KWES-TV in 1993 as part of a major overhaul that made the station competitive in the market. Drewry sold its portfolio of stations in Texas and Oklahoma to Raycom Media in 2015. When Raycom merged with Gray Television in January 2019, Tegna acquired KWES-TV; in the process, Gray separated KWAB and The CW and Telemundo affiliations for the market and combined them with Gray-owned CBS affiliate KOSA-TV (channel 7). History KVKM-TV Two groups competed for channel 9, which in west Texas was initially allocated to the community of Monahans, Texas, southwest of Odessa. In 1957, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) received two applications, which were placed in comparative hearing. The next year, the KMPS Broadcasting Company, associated with KMID-TV in Midland, withdrew its application, clearing the way for Tri-Cities Broadcasting Company to receive the construction permit. Tri-Cities Broadcasting consisted of John B. Walton and his wife Helen, as well as Ross Rucker, the general manager of Monahans radio station KVKM (1340 AM; now KCKM 1330). While it was initially proposed to build the tower at Pyote, a site north of Monahans was ultimately selected to house the transmitter facility for KVKM-TV. By the time a contract had been awarded to construct the station in September, KVKM-TV had signed for an affiliation with ABC. KVKM-TV began broadcasting on December 1, 1958. In addition to broadcasting to such cities as Midland, Fort Stockton, and Eunice, New Mexico, cable systems carried the new station's signal as far as Hobbs, New Mexico, and Alpine, Texas. Among the station's first local programs was a Friday night dance party show. From 1961 to 1963, KVLF-TV (channel 12) in Alpine operated as an ABC affiliate; reckoned by national advertising publications as a satellite station of KVKM-TV, it did not air all of the Monahans station's programming. In 1962, KVKM-TV applied for and was granted permission to move its transmitter to a new site northeast of Kermit, Texas, atop the Caprock, which would be the highest transmitter site in the state east of El Paso. This site, activated the next year, improved the station's signal in the comparatively populous Odessa–Midland area. Walton acquired KAVE-TV, a television station in Carlsbad, New Mexico, in 1966. At the same time, Rucker, who was no longer a part-owner of KVKM-TV but continued to manage KVKM radio, purchased the associated KAVE radio station in Carlsbad. By November, local programming had disappeared from KAVE-TV, which began to rebroadcast KVKM-TV. KMOM-TV The death of John B. Walton in 1967 came after his son, John B. Walton, Jr., had taken over the family's broadcasting properties. KVKM radio was sold to Rucker, while a television station construction permit in Lubbock was also sold off. In 1968, Walton announced the sale of KVKM-TV to Grayson Enterprises, which already owned KWAB, a CBS affiliate in Big Spring, east of Odessa and Midland. The call letters were changed to KMOM-TV (Monahans–Odessa–Midland) on March 15, 1969, and Grayson began an 11-year ownership tenure beset with problems. (Walton retained KAVE-TV, which switched to rebroadcasting another Walton-owned ABC affiliate, KELP-TV in El Paso.) In December 1969, citing economic issues with making the KMOM–KWAB business a viable one, Grayson converted KWAB to rebroadcasting KMOM-TV; while this brought color advertising and an improved network signal to the Big Spring area, the move was unpopular with Big Spring business interests and violated commitments Grayson had made to the FCC at the time of the purchase. Grayson also sought to leave Monahans. In 1970, remodeling plans were made for an Odessa building that would house KMOM-TV's operations. However, when the station filed to move its main studio in 1972, KOSA-TV objected, and the station had the proposal dismissed after nearly a year. More serious problems were on the horizon. In 1974, KMOM-TV filed for the renewal of its broadcast license. Midland Telecasting Company, which operated the short-lived KDCD-TV (channel 18) in Midland, filed a petition to deny the renewal with the FCC. Midland Telecasting had sued Grayson, the owners of KMID-TV and KOSA-TV, cable systems in Midland and Odessa, and other parties for what it alleged was a conspiracy to shut the company out of the broadcasting industry. It also charged that Grayson had falsified program logs and engaged in "clipping", a practice whereby local commercials covered up national advertisements or were added on top of national network programs. In June 1977, the FCC designated the license renewals of all four Grayson television properties—KMOM-TV and KWAB, KTXS-TV in Sweetwater, and KLBK-TV in Lubbock—for hearing, with the primary issues being KMOM-TV's program logs and a possible unapproved move of the KTXS-TV studios from Sweetwater to Abilene. A then-new FCC policy known as the "distress sale" came into play. In a distress sale, stations facing license renewal challenges could be sold to minority-controlled groups at a reduced price. In October 1978, the administrative law judge in the Grayson hearings stayed proceedings and allowed the company to begin seeking a qualified buyer. Grayson announced the sale of KMOM-TV and KWAB, along with the Sweetwater and Lubbock stations, to Silver Star Communications, a Black-owned company, in April 1979. However, Silver Star—which changed its name to Prima, Inc., to resolve a conflict with another company—decided instead to look for another minority buyer for the Monahans and Big Spring stations. The distress sale was also complicated by another minority group that was trying to buy KMOM-TV, KWAB, and KTXS-TV. Austin-based Manchaca Enterprises, headed by former U.S. representative Barbara Jordan, intervened in the case in part because guidance around the new distress sale policy had not been fully formulated. It believed that Prima, in presenting a $15 million bid for the stations, had offered too much money, something not permitted for a distress sale; Manchaca had consulted with Joe Allbritton, a television station owner in Washington, D.C., who had suggested that they lower their original bid, and one of its members, Stanley McClellan, specifically cited the need for significant equipment investments in Monahans and Big Spring. Midland Telecasting also objected to the high sale price. The sale application was still pending at the FCC by February 1980, when Grayson pleaded to the commission to approve its bids to sell KTXS-TV and KLBK-TV to Prima and KMOM-TV and KWAB to Permian Basin Television Corporation, a consortium of Mexican American businessmen from Albuquerque, New Mexico. New urgency was given to the sale of the television stations when Mercantile National Bank of Dallas, a major creditor of Grayson Enterprises, informed the FCC that it would foreclose on the stations by April 1 if they were not sold. KTPX The FCC approved the Permian Basin Television Corporation purchase of KMOM-TV and KWAB on March 28, 1980; when combined with another distress sale approved that same day, the number of Hispanic-owned TV stations in the United States went from one to four. After the sale took effect on July 1, the new ownership set out to improve stations in dire need of aid. The call letters on KMOM-TV changed on October 20, 1980, to KTPX, representing "Television for the Petroplex". Further, Permian Basin Television successfully applied to move KTPX from Monahans to Odessa, relocating to studios near the airport. These improvements, however, were not enough to lift the station out of third place in market television ratings. In 1982, ABC moved its affiliation to KMID-TV, with KTPX assuming the NBC affiliation. During this time, Brian Wilson, later of Fox News, was a reporter for the station. Permian Basin Television sold the station to MSP Television in a transaction that took effect in January 1986. MSP was named for its owners, all officers in San Francisco-based Chronicle Broadcasting: Francis A. Martin III, James H. Smith, and Glen E. Pickell. However, the company was unable to satisfy its lenders. In November 1987, KTPX was placed into receivership by Toronto-Dominion Bank, with sliding advertising revenues due to a poor economy and a lingering poor reputation from the KMOM-TV years cited as causes. KWES-TV In 1991, four years of receivership finally ended when Drewry Communications made a winning $4.8 million bid for KTPX. For Drewry, it was a return to the Permian Basin market, as he had been the majority owner of KMID-TV until 1985. Drewry drew on its connections at KMID as it started to rebuild the station. It lured general manager John Foster, a KMID employee of 32 years, to KTPX by offering him an equity position. Over the next two years, the new ownership invested $1.35 million in capital improvements, including a satellite newsgathering truck and a new news set, and the title of the stations' newscasts was changed to NewsWest 9 in July 1992. The call sign was changed to KWES-TV on August 16, 1993; by the time that Drewry Communications founder Ransom H. Drewry died in January 1994, station personnel credited his ownership with revitalizing channel 9. Drewry's expansion in the Permian Basin market grew to include Hispanic media. Telemundo had been broadcast to the Odessa area by translator K60EE since February 1991. Drewry assumed operations of the Telemundo station (now KTLE-LD) in 2000, and in March 2001, it debuted the first full-length Spanish-language local newscast in the market. The next year, the company acquired KTXC (104.7 FM), a station in Lamesa airing a Regional Mexican format, to add to its Hispanic media portfolio. Drewry had planned to sell its stations to London Broadcasting in 2008; however, by January 2009, the deal fell through. It was another six years before the company sold its broadcasting portfolio to Raycom Media for $160 million in 2015. The sale was completed on December 1. Raycom announced a $3.6 billion merger into Atlanta-based Gray Television, owner of KOSA-TV, on June 25, 2018. Gray opted to retain KOSA-TV as well as KWAB, KTLE, and The CW affiliation (which had aired on a subchannel of KWES since 2014) and sold KWES-TV, along with WTOL in Toledo, Ohio, to Tegna Inc. for $105 million. KWAB was subsequently converted to KCWO-TV, carrying CW+ programming with a simulcast on KOSA-TV's second digital subchannel. The sale was completed on January 2, 2019. Technical information Subchannels The station's digital signal is multiplexed: Analog-to-digital conversion KWES-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 9, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition VHF channel 13 to channel 9 for post-transition operations. References External links NBC network affiliates Bounce TV affiliates True Crime Network affiliates Quest (American TV network) affiliates Twist (TV network) affiliates Television channels and stations established in 1958 Tegna Inc. WES-TV 1958 establishments in Texas	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KWES-TV
The Miracle of the House of Brandenburg is the name given by Frederick II of Prussia to the failure of Russia and Austria to follow up their victory over him at the Battle of Kunersdorf on 12 August 1759 during the Seven Years' War. The name is sometimes also applied to Russia's switching sides in the war in 1762, saving Prussia from likely defeat. First Miracle of the House of Brandenburg After the Battle of Kunersdorf, Frederick thought Prussia faced certain defeat. He wrote that it was "a cruel reverse! I shall not survive it. I think everything is lost. Adieu pour jamais". Prussia had lost 19,000 soldiers and was left with 18,000. On 16 August, he wrote that if the Russians had crossed the Oder and marched on the Prussian capital, Berlin, "We'll fight them – more in order to die beneath the walls of our own city than through any hope of beating them". Russian field marshal Saltykov and his army crossed the Oder that same day, with Austrian field marshal Laudon and his army having already crossed the Oder on the previous day. Field Marshal Daun was marching the rest of the Austrian army north from Saxony. All three forces aimed to march on Berlin. Frederick massed 33,000 men to defend Berlin against enemy forces, which he estimated totalled 90,000. Frederick referred to the events that followed as "the Miracle of the House of Brandenburg". The Austrians and the Russians proved reluctant to follow through their victory by occupying Berlin, and in September, they began withdrawing their forces. The Austrians and Russians had lost 16,000 men at Kunersdorf, and both armies were concerned that their lines of communication were being stretched to the limit by marching so far. The army of Frederick's brother, Prince Henry, was not involved in Kunersdorf and so still posed a threat to the Austrian and Russian forces. Seeing the results of those events, Frederick regained confidence. Second Miracle of the House of Brandenburg By December 1761, after five years of war, the strategic situation for Prussia turned bleak despite several tactical successes. As Frederick wrote on 10 December: The Austrians are masters of Schweidnitz and the mountains, the Russians are behind the length of the Warthe from Kolberg to Posen... my every bale of hay, sack of money or batch of recruits only arriving by courtesy of the enemy or from his negligence. Austrians controlling the hills in Saxony, the Imperials the same in Thuringia, all our fortresses vulnerable in Silesia, in Pomerania, Stettin, Küstrin, even Berlin, at the mercy of the Russians. During the war the Prussians had lost 120 generals, 1,500 officers (out of 5,500) and over 100,000 men. Most Prussians now supported peace, and Frederick was trying unsuccessfully to bring the Ottoman Empire into the war. Then, in January 1762, Frederick received the news that the Empress Elizabeth of Russia had died on 5 January: "The Messalina of the North is dead. Morta la Bestia", wrote Frederick on 22 January. Elizabeth's nephew, Peter, a strong admirer of Frederick, succeeded her. He swiftly reversed Elizabeth's war policy and negotiated peace with Prussia, with an armistice in March and a treaty of peace and friendship signed on 15 May. References Sources Seven Years' War 1762 in Europe 1762 in the Russian Empire 1762 in the Holy Roman Empire 1762 in international relations Frederick the Great Silesian Wars Peter III of Russia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle%20of%20the%20House%20of%20Brandenburg
CMTA may refer to: Capital Metropolitan Transportation Authority, a public transit provider owned by the city of Austin, Texas. California Municipal Treasurers Association, a professional organization of California county, city, and special district public treasurers. Central Maryland Transportation Alliance, a coalition of Baltimore area business, civic and nonprofit leaders intent on improving travel efficiency within Central Maryland. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Association, which supports the development of new drugs to treat Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease. Christian Music Trade Association, an organization associated with the Christian music industry that focuses on traditional Gospel music, Southern Gospel music, and Contemporary Christian music. Certified Metabolic Typing Advisor, a professional certification for a diet-related holistic health care sub-speciality. Canadian Marine Transportation Administration, Canadian government entity, responsible for marine transportation Engineering Firm based out of Louisville Kentucky.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMTA
French Soul is a 2004 "best of" album by Belgian pop singer Axelle Red. Track listing CD 1 "Sensualité" — 3:53 "Elle danse seule" — 4:04 "Je t'attends" — 3:33 "Le Monde tourne mal" — 3:49 "À Tâtons" — 3:30 "Rien que d'y penser" — 3:08 "Ma Prière" — 4:26 "À quoi ça sert" — 3:37 "Rester femme" — 3:51 "Ce Matin" — 2:33 "Parce que c'est toi" — 4:08 "Faire des mamours" — 4:10 "Bimbo à moi" — 3:21 "J'ai jamais dit (Je serais ton amie)" — 3:54 "Je me fâche" — 3:50 "Pas maintenant" — 3:24 "Toujours" — 3:30 "Manhattan-Kaboul" Renaud and Axelle Red — 3:56 CD 2 "J'ai fait un rêve" (soul version) — 7:18 "Je pense à toi" (soul version) — 4:01 "Vole" (soul version) — 5:30 "Blanche Neige" (soul version) — 5:47 "Ma Prière" (soul version) — 4:04 "Elle danse seule" (soul version) — 4:06 "Faire des mamours" (soul version) — 5:32 "Voilà tout ce qu'on peut faire" (soul version) — 4:15 "Rester femme" (soul version) — 8:37 "People Get Ready" (soul version) — 3:33 Certifications Charts References Axelle Red albums 2004 compilation albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20Soul
John William Thomas (January 4, 1874 – November 10, 1945) was an American politician, a United States Senator from Idaho. A Republican, he served for a total of over ten years in two different seats, both times appointed after his predecessor died in office. He won three of the four elections for senator, falling only in the Democratic landslide of 1932, and died in office. Early life Born on a farm in northern Kansas near Prairie View in Phillips County, Thomas attended the rural schools and the Central Normal College at Great Bend. He taught school, serving as superintendent of schools of Phillips County in Phillipsburg from 1898 to 1903, and as register of land office at Colby from 1906 to 1909, then moved west to south central Idaho and settled at Gooding, where he engaged in banking and livestock business. Political life Thomas was elected mayor of Gooding in 1917 for a two-year term, and was a member of the Republican National Committee from 1925 to 1933. He was appointed to the U.S. Senate for the first time in 1928 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of his political mentor, Frank Gooding, by Governor H. C. Baldridge. Thomas won the special election later that year to finish the four years of the term, and chaired the Senate Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation from 1929 to 1933. Losing support from the progressives late in the term, he was defeated for re-election in 1932 by Democrat James Pope. After his 1932 defeat, Thomas resumed his former business pursuits. He was appointed to the Senate again in 1940, this time by Governor C. A. Bottolfsen, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William Borah, the dean of the Senate. Thomas won another special election to finish the term later that year, and was elected to a full term in 1942, both times defeating Democrat Glen H. Taylor, and died in office three years later. Election results Family Married in Kansas in 1906, Thomas and his wife Florence (1873–1943) had a daughter, Mary Elizabeth Thomas Peavey Brooks (1907–2002), who became a state senator in the 1960s and was the director of the U.S. Mint in the 1970s. Widowed in 1941, Mary moved her young family to Washington, D.C. after her mother's death in 1943. Three years later, she married C. Wayland Brooks, a U.S. Senator from Illinois who had served with her father. Her son, John Peavey (b. 1933), served for over two decades in the Idaho state senate, switching parties in 1978, and was the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor in 1994. Death Thomas had been in failing health for over a year and died in 1945 at age 71 of a cerebral hemorrhage at George Washington University Hospital in Washington, D.C. His wife Florence had died more than two years earlier, also from a cerebral hemorrhage. They are buried at Elmwood Cemetery in Gooding. See also List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49) Notes References External links South Fork Companion – Senator John W. Thomas 1874 births 1945 deaths Idaho Republicans People from Gooding, Idaho Ranchers from Idaho Republican Party United States senators from Idaho People from Phillips County, Kansas Burials at Elmwood Cemetery (Gooding, Idaho)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Thomas%20%28Idaho%20politician%29
Morgan High School is a public high school in Morgan, Utah, United States, for grades 9–12. It is the only high school in Morgan County. It was founded in 1911 and its athletic teams are known as the Trojans. Morgan School District is a small rural district located in Northern Utah. Morgan County is home to about 3100 students in five schools. Morgan High School is accredited by the Northwestern Accreditation Association. State championships source: Baseball - 1951 (B) Girls tennis 2019, 2021, 2022, 3A Katelyn Steel- First Singles 2021 Boys' basketball - 2019 (3A), 2014 (3A), 2013 (3A) 1974 (2A) Girls' basketball 2023 (3A) 2021 (3A) 2004 (3A), 2003 (3A), 1990 (2A) Football - 2022 (3A) 2019 3A 1997 (3A), 1993 (2A), 1983 (2A), 1979 (2A), 1977 (2A), 1940 (B) Girls' volleyball 2022 (3A) 2018 (3A) 2017 (3A), 2016 (3A) 2015 (3A), 2011 (3A), 2010 (3A), 2007 (3A)2005 (3A), 2002 (3A), 2001 (3A), 2000 (3A), 1999 (3A), 1997 (3A), 1996 (2A), 1995 (2A), 1989 (2A), 1979 (2A), 1975 (1A/2A), 1974 (1A/2A) Girl soccer 2020 3A 2018 3a 2017 3A Girl golf 2023 (3A) Wrestling - 1962 (A) Girls' track 1985 (2A) 2023 (3A) Boys' track 2023 (3A) 2021, 2019, 1996 (2A) Boys' soccer 1992 (2A) 1993 Cheerleading 2007 (3A), 2008 (3A) 2011 (3A), 2012 3A Girls soccer 2020 (3A) 2018 (3A), 2017 (3A) Boys golf 2023 (3A) 2021 (3A) 2020 (3A) 2019 (3A) 2018 (3A), 1994 (2A) Girls cross county 2020 (3A) 2019 (3A) 2018 (3A) Boys cross country 2018 Girls tennis (3A), 2019 2021 (3A) 2022 (3A) The volleyball team had won 19 state titles as of 2019. In 2016, the team finished with a 32-0 regular season record and a #9 national ranking, and won a championship. Following that season, head coach Liz Wiscombe was named Utah Coach of the Year by the Governor's State of Sport awards. The football team went 13-0 and won the 3A state title in 1997, its first year in that classification. The 1992 boys' soccer team won the state championship and finished with a record of 17–0. References Public high schools in Utah Educational institutions established in 1911 Schools in Morgan County, Utah 1911 establishments in Utah	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan%20High%20School%20%28Utah%29
Elias Parish Alvars (surname sometimes given as Parish-Alvars), (28 February 1808 – 25 January 1849) was an English harpist and composer. He was born as Eli Parish in Teignmouth, Devon; his father was a local organist. His baptismal record at St James’s Church, West Teignmouth, reads: "Eli, son of Joseph and Mary Ann Parish". Parish gave his first concert in Totnes in 1818 and in 1820 was sent to London to study with Nicolas-Charles Bochsa. In 1822 he applied to the Royal Academy of Music, where Bochsa had been appointed harp professor, but was not accepted, because he could not afford the tuition fees without a scholarship. He was able to continue his lessons with Bochsa by undertaking teaching and playing at dances. He was also later able to study in Paris, and in 1828 studied music in Florence. At around this time he changed his first name to "Elias"; Parish appears to have used the name "Parish Alvars" from the early 1830s; the origins of the name are not known. In 1836, the first publication of his music by Artaria in Vienna used the name "Elias Parish Alvars", which was subsequently used in all his publications. In 1836 Alvars became first harp at the Vienna Opera. His 1838 Fantasia, op. 35, is dedicated to Sigismond Thalberg, who is said to have been inspired by Alvars's playing to develop his own three-hand effect piano technique. Alvars's tour of the Near East in the period 1838 to 1842 resulted in his suite Voyage d'un harpiste en l' Orient, op. 79. In 1842 Alvars married the harpist Melanie Lewy, a member of a Vienna-based family of musicians with whom Alvars frequently performed. His pupils included Charlotte Rothschild of the Rothschild family, to whom he dedicated his Serenade, Op. 83. In the same year he acquired a double-action pedal harp designed by ; the innovations he was able to bring to harp technique using this new instrument impressed many of his fellow musicians including Hector Berlioz, Felix Mendelssohn and Franz Liszt. Liszt wrote of Alvars "From beneath his forehead speak his dreamy eyes, expressive of the glowing imagination which lives in his compositions"; Berlioz called him "the Liszt of the harp". In 1847 Alvars was appointed chamber musician to Ferdinand I of Austria. That year his Concertino for Harp and Orchestra, Op. 34 was published in Paris with the enthusiastic endorsement of Berlioz. His last performance was in Vienna, at a concert of his own compositions, in January 1848. On 13 March 1848 riots erupted in Vienna and in April amid the general confusion Alvars found himself in serious financial straits. His health worsened suddenly and he died, probably of pneumonia, on 25 January 1849. He was buried in the St. Marx Cemetery. References Notes Sources Further reading Sacchi, Floraleda (1999a). "Elias Parish Alvars, Life, Music, Documents: annotated catalogue of his works for harp, piano, orchestra and voice", Odilia Publishing . Sacchi, Floraleda, (1999b) "Elias Parish Alvars", Harpa, no. 30, Spring 1999 (Retrieved 27 July 2017) Sacchi, Floraleda, (2008a) "Parish Alvars in Italy", World Harp Congress Review, 2008 External links Parish Alvars website Scores by Elias Parish Alvars on archive.org from the International Harp Archives 1808 births 1849 deaths 19th-century British composers 19th-century British male musicians 19th-century classical composers 19th-century English musicians Composers for harp English classical composers English classical harpists English expatriates in Austria English male classical composers English Romantic composers Musicians from Devon People from Teignmouth	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias%20Parish%20Alvars
George Musengi Saitoti, E.G.H. (3 August 1945 – 10 June 2012) was a Kenyan politician, businessman and American- and British-trained economist, mathematician and development policy thinker. As a mathematician, Saitoti served as Head of the Mathematics Department at the University of Nairobi, pioneered the founding of the African Mathematical Union and served as its vice-president from 1976 to 1979. As an economist, Saitoti served as the Executive Chairman of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1990–91, and as President of the African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) Group of States in 1999–2000, at the crucial phase of re-negotiating the new development partnership agreement to replace the expired Lomé Convention between the ACP bloc and the European Union (EU). His book The Challenges of Economic and Institutional Reforms in Africa influenced practical policy directions on an array of areas during the turbulent 1980s and 1990s. Saitoti joined politics as a nominated Member of Parliament and Minister for Finance in 1983, rising to become Kenya's longest-serving Vice-President, a proficient Minister for education, Internal Security and Provincial Administration and Foreign Affairs. Few recognise him as a "reformist", but his recommendations as the Chair of the KANU Review Committee, popularly known as the "Saitoti Committee" in 1990–91, opened KANU to internal changes and set the stage for the repeal of Section 2A and Kenya's return to pluralist democracy. Saitoti left KANU and joined the opposition, becoming a kingpin figure in the negotiations that led to the "NARC Revolution" in 2002. As Minister for Internal Security and Provincial Administration, Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs and key member of the National Security Advisory Committee (NSAC), he later worked closely with the national Ministry of Defence to see through the Operation Linda Nchi against the Al-Shabaab insurgent group. In addition, rival factions had for decades invoked the infamous Goldenberg fraud to knock Saitoti out of politics, but the legal courts cleared him of the scandal in July 2006. Saitoti's dual heritage as a Maasai with Kikuyu family members predisposed him to a pan-Kenyan vision, but also denied him a strong ethnic base unlike his competitors. As one of Kenya's most experienced, unassuming and shrewd politicians, Saitoti was billed as a front-runner in the race to succeed President Mwai Kibaki. Early life and education George Saitoti was born on 3 August 1945 and brought up in Maasailand, where he spent his childhood herding cattle in line with the Masai culture, and attending school. He attended Ololua Primary School, Kajiado where he acquired his basic education in the 1950s. Between 1960 and 1963, he secured a place at Mang'u High School in Thika where he attained his high school education. He joined the ranks of Mang'u High School's highly decorated alumni including Kenya's third President, Mwai Kibaki, former Vice-President Moody Awori, Catholic Archbishop Ndingi Mwana-a-Nzeki, the late Environment Minister John Michuki, the late Trade Unionist and former Minister for Justice and Constitutional Affairs, Tom Mboya, and late Cardinal Maurice Michael Otunga. Saitoti was one of the recipients of the Kennedy Airlift scholarships in 1963 at the age of 18. This was a scholarship program started by Tom Mboya and William X. Scheinmann and supported by the John F. Kennedy foundation and the African American Students Association to address the educational needs of newly independent Kenya. Through this program, hundreds of East Africans studied in the United States of America and Canada. Saitoti studied at Brandeis University between 1963 and 1967 where he was a mathematician. During his time there, he was on the Wien Scholarship, specialising in Mathematics and Economics. His colleagues at the time remember that he enjoyed spending time in Cholmondeleys (the coffeehouse in the Castle) and excelled at high jump, ranking as one of the best in New England. In 1988, Saitoti received the first Brandeis Alumni Achievement Award, the highest honour the university bestows upon its graduates. Saitoti later moved to the United Kingdom where he acquired a Master of Science (MSc) degree in mathematics from the University of Sussex, Brighton. He enrolled for his doctoral studies at the University of Warwick where he acquired his PhD in mathematics in 1972; writing his dissertation under the supervision of professor Luke Hodgkin in the area of algebraic topology under the topic: Mod-2 K-Theory of the Second Iterated Loop Space on a Sphere. Academic career Upon his graduation, Saitoti returned to Kenya in 1972, commencing a career as a Mathematics lecturer at the University of Nairobi. One of his contributions was the institutionalisation of Mathematics as a discipline in Africa. During the first Pan-African Conference of Mathematicians held in Rabat, Morocco, in 1976, Saitoti was involved in the creation of the African Mathematical Union (AMU). He was elected the AMU's vice-president, a post which he held on up to 1979. By 1983, Saitoti's academic career was on the rise as associate professor and Head of the Mathematics Department. Outside the academy, Saitoti received several public appointments. On 3 November 1972, the Minister of Labour appointed him as the chairman of the Agricultural Wages Council (AWC). On 4 September 1979, the Minister for Tourism and Wildlife, John Ogutu, also appointed him as a committee member of the Natural Sciences Advisory Research Committee (TNSARC) chaired by professor S. O. Wandiga. In September 1983, he was appointed chairperson of the board of directors for the Rift Valley Institute of Science and Technology. He also served in other public capacities as chairman of Mumias Sugar Company and the Kenya Commercial Bank. Development thinker Top decision-makers in government had recognised Saitoti as a policy thinker and technocrat, of whom the KANU desperately needed to fix its institutions, politics and the economy. His seminal book, The Challenges of Economic and Institutional Reforms in Africa was widely praised by leading officials as providing practical policy proposals to deal with the various challenges facing Kenya and Africa. The book drew from Saitoti's experience as a seasoned scholar, consultant and experienced policy-maker/thinker, presenting a rigorous and multidisciplinary analysis of strategies for poverty alleviation, sustainable development, poverty reduction, combating HIV/AIDS and peace diplomacy. Saitoti also emphasised the importance of institutional reforms and sound public policies to sustainable economic growth in Africa. Political career Long before joining mainstream politics, Saitoti had a stint in the legislative duties. From 1974 to 1977, he represented Kenya in the defunct (since-revived) East African Community as a member of the East African Legislative Assembly. Dual ancestry and politics of diversity In October 1983, President Daniel arap Moi nominated Saitoti as a member of parliament and subsequently appointed him to the Cabinet as Minister for Finance. He held the position until 1989. During the 1988 general elections, Saitoti entered competitive politics and won the Kajiado North parliamentary seat that was previously held by Philip Odupoy. Prior to the tenure of Adupoy and Saitoti, the Kajiado North multi-ethnic constituency was held by the popular politician, John Keen, another half-Maasai who champion a nationalist vision and worked over the years to ensure the advancement of his mother's people. For more than 25 years, professor George Saitoti has represented Kajiado North since 1988, recapturing the seat in consecutive elections in 1992, 1997, 2002 and 2007. Building on John Keen's legacy of a cosmopolitan constituency, Saitoti transformed Kajiado North into Kenya's most ethnically integrated multi-ethnic legislative area that also provided a safe haven to Kenyans, forcibly displaced by the 1991–2008 cycles of ethnic violence in neighbouring areas. The area is also ranked among the top ten wealthiest, economically dynamic and fastest growing regions in Kenya. According to figures released by the Government of Kenya in 2009, Kajiado North has had an average poverty index of 10.66 per cent for the last three years, making it one of the richest constituencies in Kenya (see table 1). Kenya's sixth Vice-President After the 1988 General Election, President Moi appointed Saitoti as Kenya's sixth vice-president. Saitoti became Kenya's longest sitting vice-president serving for 13 years under President Daniel arap Moi between May 1989 and January 1998 and again between April 1999 and August 2002 (see table 2). At the same time, he served as Minister for Finance. In 1990–1991, Saitoti was the Executive Chairman of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In 1999–2000, Saitoti also served as president of the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, becoming instrumental in helping negotiate a new development partnership agreement to succeed the previous Lomè Convention that expired in February 2000 between the ACP and the European Union. The hallmarks of Saitoti tenure as vice-president were efficiency, sobriety and loyalty as President Moi's most trusted lieutenant. Even when President Moi dithered in naming a new deputy after the 1997 elections, Saitoti was still his favoured choice 14 months down the line. The same traits of efficiency, patience and loyalty would make him one of President Mwai Kibaki's trusted Ministers. Reforming KANU'S one-party system When Saitoti was appointed vice-president on 1 May 1989, KANU was back-pedaling on re-democratizing the country. At the same time, the party was fragmented over the succession divide between a sit-tight "KANU-A" and a more pro-change "KANU-B" led by Saitoti. The new vice-president was, therefore, compelled to walk the tightrope between being the face of change in the ruling party and remaining loyal to his principal who, after re-election as president in 1988, had amended the constitution to increase his power to dismiss judges and widened police powers. On New Year's Day 1990, the vocal cleric Rev. Timothy Njoya called on all Africans to demand a multiparty system of government. Following the Saba Saba riots on 7 July 1990, President Moi announced the formation of the KANU Review Committee under the chairmanship of Prof George Saitoti, popularly known as the Saitoti Committee. The Saitoti Review Committee The Saitoti Review Committee was mandated to investigate the party's internal electoral and disciplinary conduct. The committee traversed the country collecting people's opinions on the party, astounding foe, friend and critics alike and offering a rare forum for direct criticism and outbursts. In January 1991, KANU's executive committee adopted the recommendation by George Saitoti, that critics of the party cease being expelled but suspended for one or two years. The recommendations of the report were open for debate during the National Delegates Conference at Karasani in Nairobi. President Moi backed the adoption and implementation of the report in toto, against what many speakers at the conference had expected. This opened the reforms gates, eventually setting the stage for the repeal of Section 2A in 1991 that returned Kenya to back to a multiparty system of government. The Saitoti Review Committee thrust the party on the reform path, but also widened internal ideological schisms between "KANU-A" conservatives and "KANU-B" pro-reformers over the Moi succession question. KANU'S war on Saitoti Saitoti was in the eye of a nasty succession storm that rocked KANU before and after the 1997 elections. Maasai purists led by Minister William Ole Ntimama and senior Maasai elders 're-Kikuyunized' Saitoti's dual ancestry, amplifying his Kikuyu family linkages as a scheme to weaken his political base and to challenge his status as a Maasai elder. Despite his steadfast loyalty to KANU and President Moi, Saitoti was frequently ignored, humiliated and frustrated by the party and its top echelons. Around the same time Foreign Affairs Minister Robert Ouko was murdered in February 1990, Saitoti claims that attempts were made on his life. After the 1997 general elections, he was dropped as vice-president, although no replacement was appointed. Even as President Moi reappointed him in April 1999, on the roadside in Limuru, Kiambu he made a scathing remark to the effect that: "I've given back Prof Saitoti the seat of Vice-President, hopefully now your sufurias (pots) will be full of food." Months before the general elections of 2002, Saitoti's name was deleted from the list of KANU delegates and his ascendancy to the presidency blocked by 'unknown' party members. On 18 March 2002, when KANU held its national delegates conference at the Kasarani sports complex, the move to block Saitoti from the succession game was manifest. The meeting amended the party constitution to allow for the merger between KANU and Raila Odinga's National Development Party (NDP) to create the "New KANU". But it also introduced four new positions of party vice-chairmen primarily to water down Saitoti's position as vice-president and Moi's most likely successor as president. The National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) It was clear that Moi did not even want him as one of the four vice-chairmen posts reserved for Uhuru Kenyatta, Kalonzo Musyoka, Katana Ngala and Musalia Mudavadi. Moi told Saitoti to his face that he was not "presidential material". As a "Maasai-Kikuyu," Saitoti lacked the ethnic numbers he needed in the political horse-trading in Moi's power game. Instead, Moi finger-pointed as his heir Uhuru Kenyatta, perceived to have a large ethnic base as a pure-bred Kikuyu with the "Kenyatta" mystique. Saitoti gracefully bowed out of the race, living to fight another day, but not without his famous line: There comes a time when the nation is much more important than an individual. But the KANU-NDP marriage came to a tragic end when Moi named Uhuru rather than Raila Odinga as his successor. In August 2002, Odinga left KANU to defeat Moi's "use and dump game," and joined a group of KANU rebels" coalesced around the "Rainbow Alliance" lobby that later transformed itself into the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). Saitoti also walking out of KANU and became a key LDP figure. In October 2002, LDP joined the National Alliance of Kenya (NAK) of Mwai Kibaki, Charity Ngilu and Wamalwa Kijana to form the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC). Saitoti became a member of the NARC Summit, the highest organ of the coalition. The "NARC revolution" When the NARC flag-bearer, Mwai Kibaki, decisively defeated KANU and Uhuru Kenyatta, Saitoti was appointed to the Ministry of Education. He was the man in charge of implementing NARC's flagship and globally acclaimed free primary education in Kenya. The Kibaki stalwart After 2004, as the NARC consensus crumbled, Saitoti left the agitating LDP camp and threw his lot behind President Kibaki. He canvassed for the government-sponsored draft Constitution, which lost to a combined KANU-LDP campaign during the November 2005 referendum. During the 2007 elections, Saitoti defended his Kajiado North parliamentary seat on the Party of National Unity (PNU) ticket, Kibaki's re-election vehicle, launched three months to the election on 16 September 2007. The courts ordered a vote recount in Kajiado North, but Saitoti beat his closest competitor, Moses Ole Sakuda with close to 20,000 votes. Saitoti blamed his re-election glitch on intrigues of power by KANU forces within the PNU campaign which underwrote his rivals to knock him out of politics and potentially out of the 2012 Presidential elections. But he had remained reticent about it. Saitoti's traits of patience, efficiency and loyalty to Kibaki paid off. On 8 January 2008, he was appointed Minister of State for Internal Security and Provincial Administration in the Office of the President, a position previously occupied by a Kibaki confidant, John Michuki. Saitoti retained the Internal Security docket even after President Kibaki and Prime Minister Raila Odinga established the power-sharing government that ended the 2008 post-election crisis. Between October 2010 and August 2011, Saitoti was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs on an acting capacity after the incumbent, Moses Wetangula, stepped aside to allow investigations on alleged corruption. Cabinet sub-committee on ICC In July 2009, Saitoti was appointed to head a special cabinet sub-committee formed to oversee the affairs of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in Kenya. Members of this bi-partisan committee include; George Saitoti, Mutula Kilonzo and Moses Wetangula (PNU) and James Orengo, Otieno Kajwang and Amason Kingi (ODM). (Following a cabinet reshuffle in April 2012, Eugene Wamalwa and Prof. Sam Ongeri have replaced Kilonzo and Wetangula). The role of the sub-Committee as a liaison and co-ordination body between the ICC and the Kenyan government took a center-stage from December 2010 when the ICC Chief Prosecutor, Luis Moreno Ocampo, indicted six prominent Kenyans for alleged crimes against humanity relating to the 2008 post-election violence. As the Minister of Internal Security and the chairman of the and security matters, Saitoti is the guarantor of the government's commitment to the ICC process. Arising from this, several analysts have claimed the suspects' fate lie with the sub-committee. Saitoti came out strongly criticising the invocation of President Kibaki in the ICC debate, calling for sobriety from politicians. Saitoti has maintained a legal interpretation on whether the suspects can vie for presidency in the coming elections, stressing that only the constitution can bar or let them free to enter the race. PNU party politics On 19 December 2008, President Mwai Kibaki who was unanimously endorsed as Party Leader at the PNU National Delegates Conference (NDC) held at Kasarani sports complex in Nairobi. In accordance with the Political Parties Act (2008), Saitoti was elected PNU chairman, becoming the second-in-command in the party hierarchy since he lost as KANU Vice-President in the battle for the Moi succession in March 2002. His elevation, however, complicated coalition politics and raised the stakes for the Kibaki succession in PNU. Other presidential hopefuls, Uhuru Kenyatta and Kalonzo Musyoka, shunned the party and embarked on consolidating their respective parties. In November 2010, Musyoka, Kenyatta and Saitoti signed a protocol to form and transform the PNU Alliance into a common political vehicle for the 2013 presidential race. But the imperative to comply with the Political Parties Act (2011) forced them to abandon the Alliance and shift attention to their respective parties. Goldenberg scandal Saitoti was both Vice-President and Finance Minister at the height of the 1991–1993 Goldenberg scandal. Even though his own culpability in the fraud has never been established, for decades the Goldenberg has become the proverbial Sword of Damocles used against Saitoti in intra-elite power wars. In early 1999, Raila Odinga as a presidential contender to succeed Moi as president, sued Saitoti and others over alleged role in the Goldenberg scandal. Three months after his re-appointment as vice-president on 3 April 1999, Otieno Kajwang', a Raila ally, moved a private member's motion of no confidence in the vice-president for his alleged role in the Goldenberg fraud. Saitoti survived the onslaught. The Goldenberg spectre returned to haunt Saitoti in the wake of the fierce political infighting between the LDP/KANU faction and Kibaki supporters in NARC that followed the 2005 referendum. On 3 February 2006 a report by the Goldenberg Commission of Inquiry, chaired by Justice Samuel Bosire, recommended that George Saitoti should face criminal charges for his involvement in the Goldenberg scandal. On 13 February 2006, Saitoti voluntarily stepped aside from his ministerial docket to pave way for investigations into the allegations. However, on 31 July 2006, a three-judge bench headed by Justice Joseph Nyamu issued a certiorari order clearing Prof Saitoti of any wrongdoing, expunging his name from the Bosire Commission Report and issuing an order on permanent stay of prosecution against Saitoti. In dismissing the 23 paragraphs of the report, the High Court bench cited three inter-related errors of commission and omission by the Bosire Commission: The inquiry into the Goldenberg fraud had created a pyramid of noticeable bias, discriminatory treatment of evidence, submissions and factual errors that undermined the pursuit of justice and fairness. The factual flaws, biased and unprofessional handling of evidence by Inquiry led to wrong findings. The Inquiry's claim that Prof Saitoti illegally approved the 15 per cent ex-gratia payments as additional payment over and above the 20 per cent export compensation allowed at the time under the law were factually wrong. Indeed, the customs refunds, which Saitoti was accused of approving, were actually passed by Parliament. Long delay and wrong findings by the Goldenberg inquiry denied Prof. Saitoti any conceivable chance fair trial and justice. On 15 November 2006, President Kibaki reappointed Saitoti back to Cabinet. In April 2012, the vetting board found Justice Samuel Bosire unfit to serve in the judiciary citing fails as the Chairman of the Goldenberg Commission of Inquiry. He ignored a High Court Order to summon retired President Daniel arap Moi, Musalia Mudavadi and Nicholas Biwott as witnesses. The vetting board also accused Justice Nyamu of undermining public confidence in the courts for issuing a permanent stay of prosecution against Saitoti. Linda Nchi Starting October 2011, Saitoti worked closely with national Minister of Defence Mohamed Yusuf Haji to see through Linda Nchi, a coordinated operation in southern Somalia between the Somali military and the Kenyan military against the Al-Shabaab group of insurgents. The mission was officially led by the Somali army, with the Kenyan forces providing a support role. In early June 2012, Haji signed another agreement re-hatting Kenya's deployed military forces in Somalia under the AMISOM general command. The Kibaki succession race In November 2011, Saitoti confirmed that he was in the race to succeed President Kibaki, who is set to retire after the next general election. Saitoti reiterated his candidature in January 2012, continuing to tour Kenya, with meet-the-people excursions to the Rift Valley, Eastern and Central provinces. It appeared to be history repeating itself in the battle for the soul of the Kikuyu between, Saitoti, a Maasai with Kikuyu kith and kin, and Uhuru Kenyatta, a thorough-bred Kikuyu. Uhuru is widely thought as the presumptive successor to President Kibaki, but Saitoti was emerging also, as a likely candidate. In the event that Uhuru's run for the presidency is thwarted by the confirmed charges by the ICC, it remains a too-up as to whether Saitoti would have benefited from the spin-off. Private life Saitoti was a businessman who had interests in agriculture, horticulture, real estates, hospitality and pastoralism. Saitoti's family life received little publicity. His wife, Margaret Saitoti, was with him when the High Court dropped charges in the 16-year Goldenberg case. His brother, Ronald Musengi, has been a banking executive with the Kenya Commercial Bank. In February 2012, Ronald Musengi applied to be a member of the National Police Service Commission. Death Saitoti died on Sunday 10 June 2012 at around 9:00 am when a Eurocopter AS350 helicopter belonging to the Kenya Police Air Wing registration 5Y-CDT, carrying him and the Assistant Minister for Internal Security, Joshua Orwa Ojode, crashed in the Kibiku area of Ngong forest, killing them and four others. He was buried on 16 June in Kajiado North constituency. After the Maasai elders agreed to abandon the traditional burial rites and embrace the Catholic way, fifty bulls were slaughtered at the funeral in accordance with Maasai tradition. Al Shabaab militias and drug traffickers are the main suspects for the disaster. Investigations have not yet found anyone guilty. Saitoti was to table a ministerial statement in Parliament. List of publications Saitoti, G. (2005). "Keynote address given during the official opening of the sub-regional seminar for TIVET policy makers and UNESCO UNEVOC Center Coordinators". Nairobi, Kenya. (2004). "Education in Kenya: Challenges and policy responses". Paper presented at the Council on Foreign Relations, Washington D.C. (2003) "National conference on education and training, Meeting the challenges of education and training during 21st century". Nairobi. (2003). "Reflections on Africa Development", Journal of Third World Studies. Saitoti, G. and KANU Review Committee(2002), Report of the KANU Review Committee, 1990. The Committee, Nairobi. (2002).The Challenges of Economic and Institutional Reforms in Afric. Ashgate Publishers Limited. (1985). i mathematica, Politechnika Warszawska Technical. "A remark on Mod 2 K-Theory fundamental classes". Ann. Fac. Sci. Univ. Nat. Zaïre (Kinshasa)Sect. Math.-Phys. 3 (1977), no. 1, 61–63. "Homology of a differential algebra". Publ. Math. Debrecen 23 (1976), no. 3-4, 235—237. "K-Theory fundamental classes". Demonstration Math. 8 (1975), No. 4, 365–377. A note on the homology of a differential graded algebra. Nigerian Journal of Science. 8 (1974), no. 1-2,127–130. Loop spaces and K-theory. Journal of London Mathematics Society''.(2) 9 (1974/75), 423–428. Positions Member, National Security Committee (NSAC), Kenya. (2008 – death) Chairman, Cabinet Sub-committee on ICC, Kenya. (2009 – death) Chairman, Party of National Unity (PNU) (2008 – death) Acting Minister for Foreign Affairs (October 2010 – August 2011) Minister of State for Provincial Administration and Internal Security (January 2008 – death) Minister of Education (November 2006 – January 2008) Minister of Education (7 December 2005 – 13 February 2006) Minister of Education (January 2003 – November 2005) Vice-President (3 April 1999 – 30 August 2002) Minister for Planning and National Development (December 1997 – April 1999) Vice-President (1 May 1989 – 8 January 1998) Minister of Finance (1983–1988) Vice-President, African Mathematical Union (1976–1979) References External links https://web.archive.org/web/20070927182239/http://www.parliament.go.ke/MPs/members_saitoti_prof_g.php Research Goldenberg a tough test for the maths don 1945 births 2012 deaths Members of the National Assembly (Kenya) Vice-presidents of Kenya Brandeis University alumni Alumni of the University of Warwick National Rainbow Coalition politicians Government ministers of Kenya Interior ministers of Kenya Party of National Unity (Kenya) politicians Kenya African National Union politicians Kenyan mathematicians Alumni of Mang'u High School Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Kenya Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2012 Victims of helicopter accidents or incidents Maasai Kikuyu people Ministers of Finance of Kenya United Democratic Forum Party politicians Burials in Kenya	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Saitoti
BackHome was a magazine that was created in 1990 as a competitor to Mother Earth News after the latter was taken over by a major publisher (and then, ultimately, Ogden Publications). Richard Freudenberger is the co-founder of BackHome. Following the earlier, simpler, style of Mother Earth News, it became a strong competitor in the homesteading and simple living tutorial and instructional print market. The headquarters was in Flat Rock, North Carolina. It was formerly based in Hendersonville, North Carolina. The magazine was subtitled "Your Hands-On Guide To Sustainable Living". According to its website, BackHome ceased print publication in 2014. See also Similar periodicals Backwoods Home Magazine Grit Natural Life References External links Defunct magazines published in the United States Lifestyle magazines published in the United States Magazines established in 1990 Magazines disestablished in 2014 Magazines published in North Carolina	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BackHome
Michael Begley (22 August 1932 – 26 March 2012) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Minister of State at the Department of Trade, Commerce and Tourism from 1981 to 1982, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance from 1975 to 1977 and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Local Government from 1973 to 1975. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kerry South constituency from 1969 to 1989. Born in Dingle, County Kerry, in 1932, to a farming family. Begley was a carpenter and secondary school teacher before entering national politics. Prior to his election as a TD, Begley was elected to Kerry County Council and subsequently served as chairman of the council in 1966–67. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann on his third attempt at the 1969 general election for Kerry South. Four years later in 1973, Fine Gael came to power in coalition government with the Labour Party and Begley was appointed as Minister of State with responsibility for Local Government. In 1975, Begley became Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance following the death of Henry Kenny. He served in that position until 1977. In 1981, he became a Junior Minister for the Department of Industry and Commerce in the government of Garret FitzGerald. He served in this capacity until 1982 when the government fell. Begley remained a TD until losing his seat at the 1989 general election to the Labour Party's Michael Moynihan. He then retired from politics. Michael Begley died aged 79. Tributes were paid among many politicians including Taoiseach Enda Kenny and Tánaiste Eamon Gilmore. References 1932 births 2012 deaths Fine Gael TDs Members of the 19th Dáil Members of the 20th Dáil Members of the 21st Dáil Members of the 22nd Dáil Members of the 23rd Dáil Members of the 24th Dáil Members of the 25th Dáil Members of Kerry County Council Politicians from County Kerry Ministers of State of the 22nd Dáil Parliamentary Secretaries of the 20th Dáil People from Dingle	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Begley%20%28politician%29
Criollos de Caguas, Spanish for "Caguas Creoles", is the name of three professional sport teams of Caguas, Puerto Rico: Criollas de Caguas, a women's volleyball team in the Liga de Voleibol Superior Femenino Criollos de Caguas (baseball), a baseball team in the Puerto Rico Baseball League Criollos de Caguas (basketball), a basketball team in the Baloncesto Superior Nacional Criollos de Caguas FC, a football team that joined the Puerto Rico Soccer League for the 2009 season See also Caguas (disambiguation) Criollos (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criollos%20de%20Caguas
Montenegro holds national election for the Parliament and the office of President. Montenegro has a multi-party system with numerous parties. The Parliament has 81 members elected by a system of proportional representation using D'Hondt method for a four-year term. To enter the national parliament, parties have to surpass the electoral threshold of 3%, except for minority lists, for which that threshold does not apply. President is elected at large, with a second round runoff between the two first placed candidates, if no candidate receives an absolute majority in the first round. Latest elections 2023 Parliamentary election 2023 Presidential elections See also Electoral calendar Electoral system External links Adam Carr's Election Archive Parties and Elections in Europe The Njegoskij Fund Public Project >> Today's Montenegro >> Politics it:Politica del Montenegro	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections%20in%20Montenegro
Klover was an American, short-lived Boston punk band, consisting of Mike Stone (later a Queensrÿche guitarist) on vocals and guitar, Chris Doherty (ex-Gang Green) on lead guitar, Darren Hill (ex-Red Rockers, Paul Westerberg) on bass and Brian Betzger (ex-Jerry's Kids, Gang Green) on drums. They released only one album, Feel Lucky Punk?, and an EP, Beginning to End, on Mercury Records in 1995 and disbanded after the subsequent tour. "Beginning to End" was used in the soundtrack for the 1995 Sylvester Stallone film Assassins. Discography Feel Lucky Punk? (Mercury, 1995) "Our Way" "Beginning to End" "Here I Go Again" "All Kindsa Girls" "What a Waste" "I Wanna Be" "Memory" "Brain" "Illusions (Make It Go Away)" "Sandbag" "Building a Wall" "Y.R.U. (Still Here)" Beginning to End (EP) (Mercury, 1995) "Beginning to End" "Common Factor" (non-lp) "Nothing" (non-lp) "Building a Wall" References External links Klover Robert Christgau: CG: Klover Punk rock groups from Massachusetts Musical groups from Boston Musical groups established in 1995 Musical groups disestablished in 1995 1995 establishments in Massachusetts 1995 disestablishments in Massachusetts	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klover
Pieter Van den Abeele is a computer programmer, and the founder of the PowerPC-version of Gentoo Linux, a foundation connected with a distribution of the Linux computer operating system. He founded Gentoo for OS X, for which he received a scholarship by Apple Computer. In 2004 Pieter was invited to the OpenSolaris pilot program and assisted Sun Microsystems with building a development eco-system around Solaris. Pieter was nominated for the OpenSolaris Community Advisory Board and managed a team of developers to make Gentoo available on the Solaris operating system as well. Pieter is a co-author of the Gentoo handbook. The teams managed by Pieter Van den Abeele have shaped the PowerPC landscape with several "firsts". Gentoo/PowerPC was the first distribution to introduce PowerPC Live CDs. Gentoo also beat Apple to releasing a full 64-bit PowerPC userland environment for the IBM PowerPC 970 (G5) processor. His Gentoo-based Home Media and Communication System, based on a Freescale Semiconductor PowerPC 7447 processor won the Best of Show award at the inaugural 2005 Freescale Technology Forum in Orlando, Florida. Pieter is also a member of the Power.org consortium and participates in committees and workgroups focusing on disruptive business plays around the Power Architecture. References People in information technology Gentoo Linux people Living people Year of birth missing (living people)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter%20Van%20den%20Abeele
"The Width of a Circle" is a song written by English musician David Bowie in 1969 for his 1970 album, The Man Who Sold the World. Recorded during the spring of 1970, it was released later that year in the United States and in April 1971 in the UK. The opening track on the album, it features hard rock and heavy metal overtones. Bowie had performed a shorter version of the song in concerts for several months before recording it. Featuring Mick Ronson's lead guitar work and occasional choral effects from the band, this 8-minute song is divided into two parts. The music takes on a heavy R&B quality in the second half, where the narrator enjoys a sexual encounter – with God, the Devil or some other supernatural being, according to different interpretations – in the depths of Hell. Some sources claim that the song was released as a single by RCA in Eastern Europe, with "Cygnet Committee" from Bowie's 1969 album Space Oddity on the B-side. However, this 'Russian' single was pressed by a fan and therefore is unofficial. Live versions Several live versions of the song have been released: A 10-minute, 43-second version recorded at Santa Monica Civic Auditorium on 20 October 1972 has been released on Santa Monica '72 and Live Santa Monica '72. A 9-minute edited version recorded at the Hammersmith Odeon, London, on 3 July 1973 was released on Ziggy Stardust – The Motion Picture in 1983, the complete 16-minute performance being issued on the 30th Anniversary 2CD Special Edition in 2003. The additional length, featuring an extended instrumental break by Mick Ronson and the band, allowed for Bowie's costume change, a common occurrence during the Ziggy Stardust tours. A version from Bowie's 1974 North American tour was released on David Live in 1974. A version recorded with the Tony Visconti Trio (also known as The Hype) on The Sunday Show on 5 February 1970, introduced by John Peel, was released on Bowie at the Beeb in 2000. Other releases The song appeared on the Japanese compilation The Best of David Bowie in 1974. The box set The Width of a Circle, released posthumously in 2021, features an early recording of the song from The Sounds of the 70s: Andy Ferris. Cover versions Spurge – Crash Course for the Ravers – A Tribute to the Songs of David Bowie (1996) The Spiders from Mars – The Mick Ronson Memorial Concert (2001); the Spiders here consisting of Joe Elliott (vocals, acoustic guitar), Trevor Bolder (bass), Woody Woodmansey, (drums), Billy Rankin (guitar), and Nicky Graham (piano) Personnel David Bowie - lead vocals, acoustic guitar Mick Ronson - electric guitar, backing vocals Tony Visconti - bass, backing vocals Woody Woodmansey - drums, percussion Notes References Pegg, Nicholas, The Complete David Bowie, Reynolds & Hearn Ltd, 2000, David Bowie songs 1970 songs 1973 singles Songs written by David Bowie Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti Mercury Records singles LGBT-related songs	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Width%20of%20a%20Circle
Admiral Sir Harold Martin Burrough (4 July 1889 – 22 October 1977) was a senior Royal Navy officer and Assistant Chief of Naval Staff to the Royal Navy during World War II. Early career Born the tenth son of Rev. Charles Burrough and his wife Georgina Long, Burrough began his career as a naval cadet in 1903 after being educated at St Edward's School, Oxford. He first saw action during World War I as a gunnery officer aboard HMS Southampton, later taking part in the Battle of Jutland in 1916. In 1930 he was given command of HMS London. He was made Commander of the 5th Destroyer Flotilla in 1935 and of HMS Excellent in 1937. He was made Assistant Chief of the Naval Staff in 1939. World War II In September 1940 he was appointed Rear-Admiral Commanding 10th Cruiser Squadron. During the Second World War he was awarded the DSO after Operation Archery a raid on the Norwegian islands of Vågsøy and Måløy on 27 December 1941 in which nine enemy ships were sunk by the Navy and Royal Air Force and the garrisons were wiped out by the raiding force. Burrough would serve on the Naval Staff for two years until 1942. In July of that year he was given command of the close escort force for Operation Pedestal, and subsequently placed in command of Allied naval forces in the assault on Algiers during Operation Torch, as well as directing the Northwest Africa landings. After becoming Flag Officer Commanding Gibraltar and Mediterranean Approaches in September 1943, Burrough succeeded Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay as Allied Naval Commander-in-Chief, Expeditionary Force (ANXF), following Ramsay's death after an aircraft accident in January 1945. Planning the Allied naval strategy and operations, working closely with U.S. General Dwight D. Eisenhower during the final years of the war, Burrough was one of the signatories to the German Surrender Documents on 7 May 1945 at Rheims, France. He remained as naval commander occupying post-war Germany, where among his duties he authorised the formation of the German Mine Sweeping Administration. He then became Commander-in-Chief, The Nore in 1946. He retired in 1949, being created Knight Grand Cross of the order of the Bath (GCB) that year. He died on 22 October 1977 from pneumonia at the Moorhouse Nursing Home, Hindhead, Surrey. Family Burrough married in 1914, Nellie Wills, daughter of C.W Outhit of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and had two sons and three daughters. His wife died in 1972. References Further reading External links King's College London: Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives - Survey of the Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel, 1900-1975 German Surrender Documents of World War II Royal Navy (RN) Officers 1939-1945 \|- 1889 births 1977 deaths Royal Navy admirals Military personnel from Herefordshire Royal Navy admirals of World War II Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire Deaths from pneumonia in England Royal Navy officers of World War I Lords of the Admiralty Admiralty personnel of World War II	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Burrough
Richmond is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Richmond, Queensland, Australia. In the , the locality of Richmond had a population of 648 people. It is the administrative centre of the Shire of Richmond. Toponymy The origin of the name Richmond comes from when Arthur Bundock and Walter Hayes took up land in the district which they named the Richmond Downs Pastoral Run. It was named after the Richmond River in northern New South Wales which was where Bundock had been born. Geography The town is west of Townsville and east of Mount Isa. The Flinders Highway traverses the locality from east to west passing through the town which is located in about the centre of the locality. The Great Northern railway runs immediately south and parallel to the highway through the east of the locality, crossing over in the town which is served by the Richmond railway station, and then the railway runs immediately north and parallel to the highway through the west of the locality. There is a second railway station, the Moselle railway on the far eastern edge of the locality, named after the pastoral run, which in turn was named in about the 1870s by pastoralist J.B. Brodie after the Moselle River in eastern France. The Flinders River flows through the locality from east to west, passing to the west of the town, where the river has its confluence with its tributary Dutton River. The Richmond–Croydon Road exits to the north-west, and the Richmond–Winton Road to the south-west. History Jirandali (also known as Yirandali, Warungu, and Yirandhali) is an Australian Aboriginal language of North-West Queensland, particularly the Hughenden area. The language region includes the local government area of the Shire of Flinders, including Dutton River, Flinders River, Mount Sturgeon, Caledonia, Richmond, Corfield, Winton, Torrens, Tower Hill, Landsborough Creek, Lammermoor Station, Hughenden, and Tangorin. Wanamarra (also known as Maykulan and Wunumura is an Australian Aboriginal language in North West Queensland. The language region includes areas within the Shire of McKinlay, Shire of Cloncurry and Shire of Richmond, including the Flinders River area, and the towns of Kynuna and Richmond. The explorer William Landsborough camped at the site that would become the town of Richmond on 13 March 1862. Explorer and former Commandant of the Native Police, Frederick Walker, had previously passed through the area in October 1861, naming and camping on the Dutton River. Both the Landsborough and Walker parties were attempting to locate the Burke and Wills expedition. The leasehold of the Richmond Downs Pastoral Run was granted in 1863 to Wellington Cochrane Bundock and Enoch Price Walter Hays who came from the Richmond River in New South Wales. In 1866 the Crown Lands Office transferred the leasehold on the Pastoral Runs of Wyanganie, Landsborough Downs and Richmond Downs in the Burke district from W C Bundock and F S Hays to Robert Napier, manager of the Commercial Banking Company of Sydney. Then in 1867 the interest of the bank in these three properties was transferred back to W C Bundock and Francis S Hays. By 1867 Richmond Downs had a postal service. However at some stage the service drew the attention of the Postmaster General for inefficiency. In the 1870s services became intermittent. In May 1899, the post office name was changed from Richmond Downs to Richmond, and a new post office built. In 1880, gold was found at Woolgar to the north and Richmond became an important stagecoach stop en route to Woolgar. The town was surveyed on 9 December 1882 by surveyor Joseph Hargreaves with town lots sold from April 1883. Richmond Provisional School opened on 22 May 1889 with 23 pupils, becoming Richmond State School on 27 February 1902 when it had 113 pupils. The Great Northern railway reached the town in June 1904. At the official celebration on 2 June 1904, it was explained that the line was the first to be built by cheaper methods by replacing the track ballast with packed earth, but the cost saving was at the expense of train speed, which was expected to be 15 miles per hour. It was hoped that cheaper methods would allow more pastoral areas to be serviced by rail with an immediate desire to connect through to Cloncurry. The Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart opened a Catholic primary school in 1915. The Richmond Public Library was opened in 1996. At the , Richmond had a population of 554. In the 2011 census, Richmond had a population of 522 people. In the , the locality of Richmond had a population of 648 people. Heritage listings Richmond has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: 55 Crawford Street: St John the Baptist Anglican Church Complex (Constructed in 1909). Economy Traditionally, the two biggest industries in Richmond are sheep- and cattle-farming, however tourism is an increasingly important aspect of the local economy. In addition to being a major transit stop on the Flinders Highway, recent paleontological discoveries have unearthed the fossils of prehistoric marine creatures, some of which are on display in Richmond. Attractions Cambridge Downs Heritage Display Centre - a replica of the original Cambridge Downs Homestead built in the late 1860s. Kronosaurus Korner - fossil museum. Lake Fred Tritton Richmond War Memorial Moon Rocks Monument Facilities Richmond has a golf course, bowling club, swimming facilities, race course, caravan park and a tourist information centre. The Richmond Shire Council operates a public library in Richmond at 76 Goldring Street. The Richmond branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association has its rooms at 74 Goldring Street. Education Richmond State School is a government primary and secondary (Prep-10) school for boys and girls at 88 Crawford Street (). In 2016, the school had an enrolment of 78 students with 10 teachers and 12 non-teaching staff (7 full-time equivalent). In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 84 students with 12 teachers and 13 non-teaching staff (8 full-time equivalent). There is no school in Richmond providing education to Year 12; the nearest such school is Hughenden State School in Hughenden to the east. However, given the distances involved, other options are distance education and boarding schools. Climate Richmond has a hot semi-arid climate bordering on a tropical temperature regime. Transport See Richmond Airport References External links Richmond Shire Council University of Queensland: Queensland Places: Richmond and Richmond Shire Travelmate - Richmond, Queensland Town map of Richmond, 1973 Towns in Queensland Shire of Richmond Localities in Queensland	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond%2C%20Queensland
Ernest Clarke Williamson (24 May 1890 – 30 April 1964) was an English football goalkeeper. Career Born in Murton, County Durham, Williamson began his career at local sides before moving to London in 1913 to join Croydon Common. During World War I he served in the Royal Army Service Corps and also turned out for various teams as a guest, including over 120 appearances for Arsenal. After the war ended, Williamson officially signed for Arsenal, who had just been promoted to the First Division, for a £150 fee. After sharing the keeper's jersey with Stephen Dunn in 1919–20 he made it his own the following season, playing 33 of the Gunners' 42 matches in 1920–21, and only missing one match the season after that. His consistency for Arsenal brought the attention of the England selectors, and he became Arsenal's first post-First World War international, playing in both of England's matches away to Sweden on 21 May and 24 May 1923. However, by this time his Arsenal place was under threat; after conceding fourteen goals first in five matches during 1922–23 he had been dropped in favour of Dunn, and later Jock Robson. In June 1923 he left Arsenal for free to go to Norwich City. In all he played 113 official first-class matches for Arsenal, in addition to his unofficial wartime matches. After playing for Division Three South Norwich for two seasons, Williamson retired from football altogether in 1925. He died in 1964, aged 73. Career statistics References 1890 births 1964 deaths People from Murton, County Durham Footballers from County Durham English men's footballers England men's international footballers England men's wartime international footballers Men's association football goalkeepers Croydon Common F.C. players Arsenal F.C. players Norwich City F.C. players English cricketers Norfolk cricketers British Army personnel of World War I Middlesex Regiment soldiers Royal Army Service Corps soldiers Military personnel from County Durham	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20Williamson
The Open Desktop Workstation, also referred to as ODW is a PowerPC based computer, by San Antonio-based Genesi. The ODW has an interchangeable CPU card allowing for a wide range of PowerPC microprocessors from IBM and Freescale Semiconductor. It is a standardized version of the Pegasos II. It was the first open source based PowerPC computer and gave PowerPC a host/target development environment. Genesi have released the complete specification (design and component listing) free of charge. The ODW-derived Home Media Center won the Best in Show award at the Freescale Technology Forum in 2005. It also features an ATI certification and a "Ready for IBM Technology" certification. It supports a variety of operating systems such as MorphOS, Linux, QNX and OpenSolaris. Manufacturing of the ODW have been discontinued in favour for EFIKA. Specification Freescale 1.0 GHz MPC7447 processor 512 MB DDR RAM (two slots, up to 2 GB) 80 GB ATA100 hard disk Dual-Layer DVD±RW Drive Floppy disk support 3× PCI slots AGP based ATI Radeon 9250 graphics (DVI, VGA and S-Video out) 4× USB PS/2 mouse and keyboard support 3× FireWire 400 (two external) 2× Ethernet ports, 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit AC'97 sound - in/out, analog and digital (S/PDIF) PC game/MIDI-port Parallel and serial ports (supporting IrDA) MicroATX motherboard (236×172 mm) Small Footprint Case - (92×310×400 mm) References External links Genesi's ODW page ODW specification at PowerDeveloper.org Linux resources for ODW at Freescale PowerPC mainboards	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Desktop%20Workstation
The Klingspor-Museum is a museum in Offenbach, Germany, specializing in the art of modern book production, typography and type. It includes a collection of fine art books from Karl Klingspor, one of the owners of Klingspor Type Foundry in Offenbach am Main, which inspired the museum's creation. The collection The museum hosts the work of famous type designers like Rudolf Koch, Otto Eckmann, Peter Behrens, Walter Tiemann, Rudo Spemann, Imre Reiner, Hans Bohn, Karlgeorg Hoefer, Ernst Schneidler, Werner Bunz and Georg Trump. Paul Ritter donated his collection of Frans Masereel to the museum. Many works from other printing collections such as the Acorn Press, Bremer Presse, Cranach Presse, Doves Press, Edition Tiessen, Ernst Engel Presse (to name a few), are in the collection of the museum. The library is open for visitors and holds several exhibitions each year. See also Museumsufer External links Archiv der internationalen Schriftdesigner / International Type Designer Archive at the Klingspor Museum Design museums Art museums and galleries in Germany Typography Libraries in Germany Literary museums in Germany Museums in Offenbach am Main Printing museums in Germany	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klingspor%20Museum
Major General Thomas Francis Farrell (3 December 1891 – 11 April 1967) was the Deputy Commanding General and Chief of Field Operations of the Manhattan Project, acting as executive officer to Major General Leslie R. Groves Jr. Farrell graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute with a degree in civil engineering in 1912. During World War I, he served with the 1st Engineers on the Western Front, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and the French Croix de guerre. After the war, he was an instructor at the Engineer School, and then at the United States Military Academy at West Point. He resigned from the Regular Army in 1926 to become Commissioner of Canals and Waterway for the State of New York from 1926 to 1930, and head of construction and engineering of the New York State Department of Public Works from 1930 until 1941. During World War II he returned to active duty as Groves' executive officer in the Operations Branch of the Construction Division under the Office of the Quartermaster General. He went to the China-Burma-India theater to help build the Ledo Road. In January 1945, Groves chose Farrell as his second-in-command of the Manhattan Project. Farrell observed the Trinity test at the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range with J. Robert Oppenheimer. In August 1945, he went to Tinian to supervise the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Afterwards he led teams of scientists to inspect the effects of the atomic bombs. In 1946 he was appointed chairman of the New York City Housing Authority. He subsequently worked as a consultant for the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority on projects such as the Cross Bronx Expressway. He was a member of the evaluation board for Operation Crossroads, and was an advisor to Bernard Baruch, the United States representative on the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. During the Korean War, Farrell returned to active duty once more, serving with the Defense Production Administration, and then with the Atomic Energy Commission as its Assistant General Manager for Manufacturing. He oversaw a vast increase in the Commission's production capabilities before retiring again in 1951. From 1960 to 1964, he worked on the preparations for the 1964 New York World's Fair. Early life Thomas Francis Farrell was born on 3 December 1891 in Brunswick, New York, the fourth of nine children of John Joseph Farrell Sr., a farmer, and his wife Margaret née Connolly. Farrell was raised on the family's farm, where his father had an apple orchard, and raised pigs and dairy cattle. The children helped with the farm chores, and delivering the milk, but none stayed on as adults. Farrell graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1912. His first professional job was working on the New York State Barge Canal. Seeing Irish workers being mistreated by bosses made him a staunch supporter of organized labor. He worked on the Panama Canal from 1913 to 1916. Farrell joined the Corps of Engineers Officers Reserve Corps in 1916. He married Maria Ynez White in 1917 before departing for France with the American Expeditionary Force (AEF). He joined the 1st Engineers with the rank of second lieutenant, and departed from Hoboken, New Jersey on the USAT Finland on 6 August as the assistant supply officer with the rank of first lieutenant. He became a captain and regimental supply officer in October, and subsequently, with the rank of major, commanded the 2nd Battalion from January to May 1918, Company F from May to July, and finally the 1st Battalion from July 1918. Farrell participated in the Battle of Cantigny, the Aisne-Marne Offensive, the Battle of Montdidier-Noyon and the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. The 1st Engineers' main role was maintenance of the roads and construction of bridges in the 1st Division area, although detachments also employed Bangalore torpedoes to clear paths through barbed wire. However, during the Argonne battle, Farrell's 1st Battalion was committed to the line as infantry. For his leadership in the action that followed, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. His citation read: Farrell was also awarded the Croix de guerre with palm for his actions, and the 1st Battalion received a citation from Major General Charles Summerall, the commander of V Corps. After the Armistice with Germany in November 1918, the 1st Engineers participated in the occupation of the Rhineland, with Farrell's 1st Battalion basing itself at Ebernhahn. The 1st Engineers returned to the United States in August and September 1919. After the war, Farrell joined the Regular Army. He served as an instructor at the Engineer School at Camp A. A. Humphreys from 1921 to 1924, and then at the United States Military Academy at West Point until 1926. Farrell resigned from the Regular Army in 1926, but remained in the reserves. The Governor of New York, Al Smith, appointed Farrell as Commissioner of Canals and Waterway for the State of New York. He was head of construction and engineering of the New York State Department of Public Works from 1930 until 1941. He was considered as a possible candidate to replace Frederick Stuart Greene as Superintendent of Public Works, but Greene did not retire. The Great Depression led to a vast expansion of public works activity, both nationally and in New York. Major projects in New York included the 1939 New York World's Fair at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, as well as the construction of LaGuardia Airport. World War II Construction in the United States Farrell returned to active duty in February 1941 with the rank of lieutenant colonel to act as then-Colonel Leslie R. Groves Jr.'s executive officer in the Operations Branch of the Construction Division under the Office of the Office of the Quartermaster General. At this point, the US Army was about to embark on a national mobilization, and it was the task of the Construction Division of the Quartermaster Corps to prepare the necessary accommodations and training facilities for the vast army that would be created. The enormous construction program had been dogged by bottlenecks, shortages, delays, spiralling costs, and poor living conditions at the construction sites. Newspapers began publishing accounts charging the Construction Division with incompetence, ineptitude, and inefficiency. Farrell and Groves worked out new, simplified procedures for centralized procurement that provided the flexibility needed to get projects done on time with the accountability that such enormous expenditures demanded. He was awarded the Legion of Merit for his services. China-Burma-India In September 1943, the Chief of Army Service Forces, Lieutenant General Brehon B. Somervell, created a special India Committee to coordinate activities in the China-Burma-India theater with those of Army Service Forces back home. Farrell, now a colonel, was appointed to the committee to oversee construction. The creation of a line of communications from India to China would be the largest engineer undertaking of the war. A number of new units were trained in the United States specifically for the task. In a reorganization later that year, Farrell became Chief Engineer of the Services of Supply in the China-Burma-India theater. In December he also became head of its Construction Division. Farrell, who was promoted to brigadier general in January 1944, organized his command into two divisions and six districts. He was in charge of the work inside India; construction of the Ledo Road itself was the responsibility of Colonel Lewis A. Pick. In addition to this work, Farrell had to support Operation Matterhorn, the deployment of B-29 bombers to China and India, which involved the construction and expansion of a series of air bases. The B-29s required runways that were almost twice the size of those for the older B-17s, and he was forced to divert his resources to construct a oil pipeline to the Matterhorn airfields. To bridge the fast-following rivers of northern Burma, Pick and Farrell selected the H-20 Portable Steel Highway Bridge. Production of these had been discontinued in favor of the Bailey bridge, but Farrell's technical arguments won out and the Corps of Engineers had to reinstate production of the H-20. In view of these difficulties, Farrell obtained Bailey bridges from British sources. In the end, all the major bridges beyond the Irrawaddy River would be Baileys. He also made the decision, controversial in Washington, to shift the terminus of the oil pipeline from Calcutta to Chittagong in order to avoid crossing the Ganges and Brahmaputra Rivers, and the dangers of concentrating too many vulnerable installations in the Calcutta area. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal. Manhattan Project In December 1944, the Secretary of War, Henry L. Stimson, ordered Groves, now the Director of the Manhattan Project, to find a deputy. Stimson was concerned about what would happen if Groves became incapacitated. "You can have any officer in the Army," Stimson told Groves, "no matter who he is, or what duty he is on." Groves told Colonel Kenneth Nichols, the commander of the Manhattan District, that his first choice would be Farrell. Nichols replied: "He would be my first choice too." "Site Y" was the code name for the remote Los Alamos County, New Mexico facilities that housed the main group of researchers and was responsible for final assembly of the bombs. Farrell was briefed on the physics of the atomic bomb by Robert Oppenheimer, and he made several extended tours of the Alamogordo Bombing and Gunnery Range, which had been chosen as the site for the Trinity test. On signing a receipt for the plutonium from Oak Ridge, Farrell commented: Farrell observed the Trinity (nuclear test) with Oppenheimer from the control dugout located from the test tower. He initially said to a fellow officer The long-hairs have let it get away from them. In his report on the test to President Truman on 21 July 1945, Farrell stated: . Farrell assumed special responsibility for combat operations. He served on the target committee, acting as its chairman when Groves was absent. In July 1945, Farrell arrived on Guam to coordinate the project with the local commanders. One of his tasks was to brief General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, which he did on July 26. Farrell was joined by Rear Admiral William R. Purnell, who represented the Military Liaison Committee, and Captain William S. Parsons, the commander of Project Alberta. They became, informally, the "Tinian Joint Chiefs", with decision-making authority over the nuclear mission. Farrell notified Groves that the Little Boy bomb would be ready for use on or about 3 August, weather permitting. In the space of a week on Tinian, four B-29s crashed and burned on the runway. Parsons became very concerned. If a B-29 crashed with a Little Boy, the fire could cook off the explosive and detonate the weapon, with catastrophic consequences. Parsons raised the possibility of arming the bomb in flight with Farrell, who agreed that it might be a good idea. Farrell asked Parsons if he knew how to do it. "No sir, I don't", Parsons conceded, "but I've got all afternoon to learn." After the bombing of Hiroshima on 6 August, Farrell, along with Generals Carl Spaatz, Nathan Twining, Barney Giles and James H. Davies, debriefed Parsons, the aircrews and the observers, and sent Groves a detailed report. Farrell brought forward the date for the next attack because good weather was only predicted until 9 August. He signed the Fat Man bomb, "To Hirohito, with love and kisses, T. F. Farrell." The bomb was loaded on the B-29 Bockscar. During pre-flight inspection, a fuel pump was found to be faulty, meaning that of fuel in the bomb bay tank could not be used, although it would have to be carried. Farrell took the difficult decision to continue the mission, in view of the worsening weather. This was only the first of a number of problems that faced the mission crews that day, but the mission was carried out successfully. The surrender of Japan on 14 August precluded further attacks. Groves had already directed Farrell to prepare teams to inspect the effects of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and Farrell had begun assembling the required personnel and equipment. Farrell arrived in Hiroshima by air on 8 September as part of a group, equipped with portable geiger counters, that was headed by himself, and also included Brigadier General James B. Newman, Jr from the US Army Air Forces, Japanese Rear Admiral Masao Tsuzuki, who acted as a translator, and Colonel Stafford L. Warren, the head of the Manhattan District's Medical Section. They remained in Hiroshima until 14 September and then surveyed Nagasaki from 19 September to 8 October. They were greatly impressed by both the damage done by the atomic bombs, and the extensive Japanese preparations for the Allied invasion that had been planned prior to the surrender. Post-war Farrell was promoted to the rank of major general in October 1945. He remained Deputy Commander of the Manhattan Project until he retired from active service in April 1946. He was appointed chairman of the New York City Housing Authority by Mayor William O'Dwyer on Robert Moses's recommendation. In the aftermath of the war, providing public housing, especially for returning veterans, was a major priority for the city. Unlike other projects of the time, New York City public housing was not racially segregated. Writing in 1950, Farrell declared, "New York's public housing projects demonstrate that Negroes and whites can live together." He served as a member of the evaluation board for Operation Crossroads, and was an advisor to Bernard Baruch, the United States' representative on the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. In 1950, during the Korean War, Farrell returned to active duty with the Army once more, and served with the Defense Production Administration. In July 1951, he was transferred to the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), the successor organization to the Manhattan Project, where he became the Assistant General Manager for Manufacturing. In this role, he oversaw a vast increase in the Commission's production capabilities. The construction of new reactors at the Hanford and Savannah River Sites would eventually triple the production of nuclear weapons. Farrell left the AEC and active duty Army again in February 1952. He subsequently worked as a consultant for the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority on projects such as the Cross Bronx Expressway. From 1960 to 1964, he worked on the preparations for the 1964 New York World's Fair at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park. His children were Thomas, Barbara, Peter, Patricia, and Stephen. Thomas graduated from West Point in the class of 1942, received the Silver Star Medal and the Distinguished Service Cross, and reached the rank of captain before being killed at Anzio on 25 February 1944. An Army port repair ship, the Thomas F. Farrell Jr., was named in his honor. Peter graduated from West Point in the class of 1950. He served with the Army in the Vietnam War, where he commanded the 6th Battalion, 56th Air Defense Artillery during the Tet Offensive. He retired from the Army in 1978 with the rank of colonel. Farrell's daughter, Barbara Vucanovich, was the first woman from Nevada to be elected to the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1983 to 1997. His granddaughter, Patricia Dillon Cafferata, served as Nevada State Treasurer from 1983 to 1987. Farrell died at Saint Mary's Hospital in Reno, Nevada, on 11 April 1967. His wife Ynez had died the year before. Ironically, the man who had spent a lifetime building things was principally remembered for the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. In popular culture He was portrayed by Henry O'Neill in The Beginning or the End, a docudrama about the Manhattan Project. Notes References Further reading Vogel, Steve (2007), The Pentagon—A History: The Untold Story of the Wartime Race to Build the Pentagon—and to Restore It Sixty Years Later, New York: Random House. External links Annotated Bibliography for Thomas Farrell from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues Story of the Ledo Road General Thomas Farrell expresses his views at North Field base in Tinian Island, in World War II Farrell's report of the Trinity bomb test Generals of World War II 1891 births 1967 deaths Manhattan Project people United States Army generals of World War II United States Army generals People from Brunswick, New York Military personnel from New York (state) Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France) Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States) Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) Recipients of the Legion of Merit People associated with the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki United States Army personnel of World War I United States Military Academy faculty United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Farrell%20%28United%20States%20Army%20officer%29
The Old Four is a soccer conference composed of four public institutions of higher education in Central Canada. The name is also an appellation for the four universities as a group, consisted of McGill University, Queen's University, University of Toronto and University of Western Ontario. They are home to the original four soccer teams in Canadian collegiate athletics. The Old Four holds an annual exhibition tournament over the Labour Day weekend, although the teams do not accumulate points toward the regular season of the Canadian Interuniversity Sport competition. As the name suggests, the Old Four schools are among Canada's oldest and most prestigious universities. Except for the University of Western Ontario, all were founded by royal charter during the British colonial era before Canadian Confederation. Historically, these schools have held intense rivalries in athletics. Today, the Old Four are all research universities and members of Canada's U15 Group of Canadian research universities. They are the only universities in eastern Canada with endowments of over $1 billion respectively. The Old Four was for several decades also a conference for Canadian football competition between these same four schools, but conference realignment, beginning in the early 1970s, has meant that it no longer exists in its original form. Members The Old Four schools are all public institutions unaffiliated with any religion. Although three were founded as religious schools, they have all since become secular institutions. Summary of tournament finals Note: The 2011 finals were cancelled due to field conditions. References External links McGill Athletics Queen's Golden Gaels Toronto Varsity Blues Western Mustangs Conference news https://web.archive.org/web/20060509054448/http://universitysport.ca/e/w_fieldhockey/story_detail.cfm?id=5898 https://web.archive.org/web/20060220081001/http://www.goldengaels.com/interuniversity/soccerm.html https://web.archive.org/web/20051016033626/http://www.varsityblues.ca/news/?id=2572 Mustangs blank Redmen in Old Four gold medal game - Aug 26, 2007 McGill claims Old Four soccer titles - August 31, 2008 Old Four Tournament wraps up at Queen's 8/29/2010 College athletics conferences in Canada University and college soccer in Canada Universities in Ontario Universities in Quebec Soccer competitions in Canada	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Four
Heaviside–Lorentz units (or Lorentz–Heaviside units) constitute a system of units and quantities that extends the CGS with a particular set of equations that defines electromagnetic quantities, named for Oliver Heaviside and Hendrik Antoon Lorentz. They share with the CGS-Gaussian system that the electric constant and magnetic constant do not appear in the defining equations for electromagnetism, having been incorporated implicitly into the electromagnetic quantities. Heaviside–Lorentz units may be thought of as normalizing and , while at the same time revising Maxwell's equations to use the speed of light instead. The Heaviside–Lorentz unit system, like the International System of Quantities upon which the SI system is based, but unlike the CGS-Gaussian system, is rationalized, with the result that there are no factors of appearing explicitly in Maxwell's equations. That this system is rationalized partly explains its appeal in quantum field theory: the Lagrangian underlying the theory does not have any factors of when this system is used. Consequently, electromagnetic quantities in the Heaviside–Lorentz system differ by factors of in the definitions of the electric and magnetic fields and of electric charge. It is often used in relativistic calculations, and are used in particle physics. They are particularly convenient when performing calculations in spatial dimensions greater than three such as in string theory. Motivation In the mid-late 19th Century, electromagnetic measurements were frequently made in either the so-called electrostatic (ESU) or electromagnetic (EMU) systems of units. These were based respectively on Coulomb's and Ampere's Law. Use of these systems, as with to the subsequently developed Gaussian CGS units, resulted in many factors of appearing in formulas for electromagnetic results, including those without circular or spherical symmetry. For example, in the CGS-Gaussian system, the capacitance of sphere of radius is while that of a parallel plate capacitor is , where is the area of the plates and is their separation. Heaviside, who was an important, though somewhat isolated, early theorist of electromagnetism, suggested in 1882 that the irrational appearance of in these sorts of relations could be removed by redefining the unit of the charges and fields. In 1893 Heaviside wrote Length–mass–time framework As in the Gaussian system (), the Heaviside–Lorentz system () uses the length–mass–time dimensions. This means that all of the units of electric and magnetic quantities are expressible in terms of the units of the base quantities length, time and mass. Coulomb's equation, used to define charge in these systems, is in the Gaussian system, and in the HL system. The unit of charge then connects to , where 'HLC' is the HL unit of charge. The HL quantity describing a charge is then times larger than the corresponding Gaussian quantity. There are comparable relationships for the other electromagnetic quantities (see below). The commonly used set of units is the called the SI, which defines two constants, the vacuum permittivity () and the vacuum permeability (). These can be used to convert SI units to their corresponding Heaviside–Lorentz values, as detailed below. For example, SI charge is . When one puts , , , and , this evaluates to , the SI-equivalent of the Heaviside–Lorentz unit of charge. Comparison of Heaviside–Lorentz with other systems of units This section has a list of the basic formulas of electromagnetism, given in the SI, Heaviside–Lorentz, and Gaussian systems. Here and are the electric field and displacement field, respectively, and are the magnetic fields, is the polarization density, is the magnetization, is charge density, is current density, is the speed of light in vacuum, is the electric potential, is the magnetic vector potential, is the Lorentz force acting on a body of charge and velocity , is the permittivity, is the electric susceptibility, is the magnetic permeability, and is the magnetic susceptibility. Maxwell's equations The electric and magnetic fields can be written in terms of the potentials and . The definition of the magnetic field in terms of , , is the same in all systems of units, but the electric field is in the SI system, but in the HL or Gaussian systems. Other basic laws Dielectric and magnetic materials Below are the expressions for the macroscopic fields , , and in a material medium. It is assumed here for simplicity that the medium is homogeneous, linear, isotropic, and nondispersive, so that the susceptibilities are constants. Note that The quantities , and are dimensionless, and they have the same numeric value. By contrast, the electric susceptibility is dimensionless in all the systems, but has for the same material: The same statements apply for the corresponding magnetic quantities. Advantages and disadvantages of Heaviside–Lorentz units Advantages The formulas above are clearly simpler in units compared to either or Gaussian units. As Heaviside proposed, removing the from the Gauss law and putting it in the Force law considerably reduces the number of places the appears compared to Gaussian CGS units. Removing the explicit from the Gauss law makes it clear that the inverse-square force law arises by the field spreading out over the surface of a sphere. This allows a straightforward extension to other dimensions. For example the case of long, parallel wires extending straight in the direction can be considered a two-dimensional system. Another example is in string theory, where more than three spatial dimensions often need to be considered. The equations are free of the constants and that are present in the SI system. (In addition and are overdetermined, because .) The below points are true in both Heaviside–Lorentz and Gaussian systems, but not SI. The electric and magnetic fields and have the same dimensions in the Heaviside–Lorentz system, meaning it is easy to recall where factors of go in the Maxwell equation. Every time derivative comes with a , which makes it dimensionally the same as a space derivative. In contrast, in SI units is . Giving the and fields the same dimension makes the assembly into the electromagnetic tensor more transparent. There are no factors of that need to be inserted when assembling the tensor out of the three-dimensional fields. Similarly, and have the same dimensions and are the four components of the 4-potential. The fields , , , and also have the same dimensions as and . For vacuum, any expression involving can simply be recast as the same expression with . In SI units, and have the same units, as do and , but they have different units from each other and from and . Disadvantages Despite Heaviside's urgings, it proved difficult to persuade people to switch from the established units. He believed that if the units were changed, "[o]ld style instruments would very soon be in a minority, and then disappear ...". Persuading people to switch was already difficult in 1893, and in the meanwhile there have been more than a century's worth of additional textbooks printed and voltmeters built. Heaviside–Lorentz units, like the Gaussian CGS units by which they generally differ by a factor of about 3.5, are frequently of rather inconvenient sizes. The ampere (coulomb/second) is reasonable unit for measuring currents commonly encountered, but the ESU/s, as demonstrated above, is far too small. The Gaussian CGS unit of electric potential is named a statvolt. It is about , a value which is larger than most commonly encountered potentials. The henry, the SI unit for inductance is already on the large side compared to most inductors; the Gaussian unit is 12 orders of magnitude larger. A few of the Gaussian CGS units have names; none of the Heaviside–Lorentz units do. Textbooks in theoretical physics use Heaviside–Lorentz units nearly exclusively, frequently in their natural form (see below), system's conceptual simplicity and compactness significantly clarify the discussions, and it is possible if necessary to convert the resulting answers to appropriate units after the fact by inserting appropriate factors of and . Some textbooks on classical electricity and magnetism have been written using Gaussian CGS units, but recently some of them have been rewritten to use SI units. Outside of these contexts, including for example magazine articles on electric circuits, Heaviside–Lorentz and Gaussian CGS units are rarely encountered. Translating expressions and formulas between systems To convert any expression or formula between the SI, Heaviside–Lorentz or Gaussian systems, the corresponding quantities shown in the table below can be directly equated and hence substituted. This will reproduce any of the specific formulas given in the list above. As an example, starting with the equation and the equations from the table Moving the factor across in the latter identities and substituting, the result is which then simplifies to Notes References Special relativity Electromagnetism Hendrik Lorentz	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaviside%E2%80%93Lorentz%20units
VfL Osnabrück is a German multi-sport club in Osnabrück, Lower Saxony. It currently fields teams in basketball, gymnastics, swimming, table tennis, and tennis but is by far best known for its football section. The football team currently plays in the 2. Bundesliga, having been promoted from the 3. Liga in 2023. They are coached by Tobias Schweinsteiger and last season were captained by Marc Heider. The club has the record for most seasons played in the 2. Bundesliga without ever playing in the Bundesliga, and is 10th in the 2. Bundesliga's all-time table. History Foundation to WW2 The club has its origins in the coming together on 17 April 1899 of the memberships of the "wild" clubs Antipodia, Germania, and Minerva to create Fußball Club 1899 Osnabrück. This group joined Osnabrücker Ballverein 05 in 1920 to play as BV 1899 Osnabrück. Predecessor Osnabrücker BV 05 was the product of the 1905 merger of Fußball Club Edelweiß 1902 Osnabrück and Fußball Club Alemannia Osnabrück. This club made an appearance in the quarterfinals of the regional Westdeutsche (West German) final in 1910 where they were decisively put out (2–9) by Duisburger SV. The merger that created Verein für Leibesübungen Osnabrück took place in 1924 when BV was joined by Spiel- und Sport Osnabrück. Prior to 1921, SuS had played as the football department of the gymnastics club Osnabrücker Turnverein 1861, created in 1914 when Fußball Club 1903 Olympia Osnabrück and Fußball Club Teutonia 1902 Osnabrück became part of TV. Established 24 June 1902, Teutonia Osnabrück also had quarterfinal appearances in the Westdeutsche final to its credit, dropping decisions to FC München-Gladbach in 1908 (0–3), and BV Dortmund (3–4) in 1909. VfL was formally incorporated on 8 March 1925, but part of the membership of the newly formed association soon left to create a separate side called Sportclub Rapid Osnabrück – styled after well known club Rapid Vienna. Rapid came back to the fold thirteen years later in 1938 and the re-unified club adopted the light-purple colours of the returning footballers. After the re-structuring of German football leagues in 1933 under the Third Reich, Osnabrück played second division football until winning promotion to the Gauliga Niedersachsen (I) in 1935. They were relegated after their first campaign, but returned to the top flight in 1937, capturing the division title in the 1938–39 season. The Gauliga Niedersachsen was then split into two divisions, and in each of the following two seasons VfL took the Niedersachsen-Nord title. They went on win to the overall division title in 1940, beating Hannover 96 (3–2, 2–2), but lost their title to the same club the following year (1–1, 1–3). Their Gauliga titles in 1939 and 1940 put VfL into opening round group play for the national championship, but they were unable to advance. Post-War era After World War II, the club returned to play as 1. FSV Osnabrück but again took up their traditional name in 1946. The team played in the Oberliga Nord (I) and delivered credible performances that left them standing fourth in the league's all-time table behind well-known sides Hamburger SV, Werder Bremen, and FC St. Pauli. Golden years The Bundesliga was formed in 1963 as Germany's new nation-wide professional league. The club did not qualify for play there and were seeded into second division Regionalliga Nord. Osnabrück would never make it into the Bundesliga, but did enjoy lots of success in the early years of the Bundesliga era. VfL won the Regionalliga Nord three times in a row in 1969, 1970 and 1971, and finished as runners-up in 1972 and 1973. That meant five consecutive participations in the 'Aufstiegsrunde', where the best teams from each Regionalliga competed for a place in the Bundesliga. In their first attempt, in 1969, Osnabrück finished 2nd behind Rot-Weiss Essen, only losing once in the eight-game promotion playoff. That was the closest the club came to the Bundesliga; although they would finish second in the promotion playoff round twice more, the gap to first was bigger both times. At this time, VfL Osnabrück also had very successful departments in basketball and table tennis, becoming German basketball champions in 1969. 2. Bundesliga regulars In 1974, a new national second division was introduced, although split into two North and South groups. Osnabrück played in the new 2. Bundesliga Nord, but could not repeat their previous achievements. In 1978–79, Osnabrück managed one of their most famous victories, a 5–4 win over Bayern Munich in the DFB-Pokal at the Olympiastadion, with a hat-trick from Andreas Wagner. In the league, the team was far less successful, finishing 18th out of 20. This would ordinarily have seen the team relegated, but they were saved by St. Pauli and Westfalia Herne, who did not receive licenses for the next 2. Bundesliga season and had to be relegated despite finishing in the top half. The 2. Bundesliga was reformed in 1981, becoming a single national league. A top half finish in the final year of the 2. Bundesliga Nord meant that Osnabrück qualified for the inaugural 2. Bundesliga season in 1981–82. Aside from a single season in the third tier Oberliga Nord, which they won, the club spent the entire decade in the second division. The high point of this spell was the sixth place finish in 1986–87, the club's best ever result in the division. A year later, the club made headlines by firing coach Anton Rudinski just one game into the 1988–89 season, in which they narrowly avoided relegation. That became a trend – in both 1990 and 1991, Osnabrück only managed to remain in the 2. Bundesliga thanks to late upturns in form.In 1992/93, the first year of a single 2. Bundesliga post reunification, Osnabrück were finally relegated to the Oberliga Nord. After one season in the Oberliga, the leagues were reorganised again and Osnabrück would finish runner up in the new Regionalliga Nord. Although that did not mean promotion, that did qualify VfL to compete for the German amateur football championship, which they won in 1995. In 1996, long-time president and sponsor Hartwig Piepenbrock stepped back. 21st century After a number of years in the Regionalliga Nord, Osnabrück were finally promoted back to the 2. Bundesliga in June 2000. Having won the Regionalliga Nord for the second year in a row, Osnabrück met Union Berlin in the promotion playoff, winning on penalties thanks to goalkeeper Uwe Brunn, who made three saves in the shootout and scored the decisive penalty. However, the club was immediately relegated back to the third tier. The club won promotion again in 2002–03, but coach Jürgen Gelsdorf surprisingly left the club after promotion, and the club finished last in the 2. Bundesliga in 2003–04. After returning to the Regionalliga Nord, former player Claus-Dieter Wollitz was appointed coach. In his third season, 2006–07, Osnabrück were able to take second place in the league on the final day of the season, securing promotion. Wollitz was able to lead the team to safety in 2007–08, with a victory over Kickers Offenbach on the final day sending Offenbach down and putting Osnabrück in 12th place, their highest finish since 1988. The game was also the final appearance of Joe Enochs, who played more times for Osnabrück than any other player. The following season, the club was relegated in controversial circumstances. After losing the relegation playoff, it emerged that defender Marcel Schuon was implicated in a match-fixing scandal, without which the club may have survived. Wollitz left the club, replaced by Karsten Baumann. Under Baumann, Osnabrück had a very successful season in 2009–10, winning the new 3. Liga and reaching the DFB-Pokal quarter finals with wins over Hamburger SV and Borussia Dortmund. Again, the club was relegated straight back down to the third tier in 2010–11, losing in the relegation playoff to Dynamo Dresden. During these years, the club developed a reputation as a 'Fahrstuhlmannschaft' (in English, a Yo-yo club). That relegation began a spell of eight consecutive seasons in the 3. Liga. Claus-Dieter Wollitz returned in 2012, but left the team with one game remaining in the 2012–13 season after criticising the club's management. Osnabrück still finished third, qualifying for the promotion playoff, but lost to Dynamo Dresden again. After a period of financial difficulty and little sporting success, the club returned to its traditional logo in 2017, while the name of the stadium also changed back from the Osnatel-Arena to the traditional name, Bremer Brücke. The 2017–18 season saw VfL almost relegated to the fourth tier, finishing 17th in the 3. Liga, with former player Daniel Thioune taking over as coach during the campaign, replacing Joe Enochs. In his first full season as coach, Thioune's Osnabrück won the 3. Liga title, winning promotion on the day the club celebrated their 120th anniversary. Back in the 2. Bundesliga, Osnabrück spent much of the season in the top half, and managed victories over big clubs like Hamburger SV and VfB Stuttgart, though they ultimately finished 13th. Thioune left for Hamburg at the end of the campaign, and in the 2020–21 season (played mostly without fans due to the COVID-19 pandemic) the club went through two coaches, Marco Grote and Markus Feldhoff. Under Feldhoff, Osnabrück again finished in the relegation playoff spot, losing to FC Ingolstadt and returning to the 3. Liga. Honours Gauliga Niedersachsen (I) Champions: 1939, 1940 Regionalliga Nord (II) Champions: 1969, 1970, 1971 Runners-up: 1972, 1973 Oberliga Nord (III) Champions: 1985 Regionalliga Nord (III) Champions: 1999, 2000 Runners-up: 1995, 2003 3. Liga (III) Champions: 2009–10, 2018–19 German amateur championship Champions:1995 Lower Saxony Cup (Tiers III-V) Winners: 2005, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2023 Players Current squad Out on loan Stadium The club plays at the Stadion an der Bremer Brücke, commonly known simply as the Bremer Brücke. The stadium has also gone by the names, "Kampfbahn Bremer Brücke", "Piepenbrock-Stadion an der Bremer Brücke", and "Osnatel-Arena". It returned to the traditional name in 2017. The stadium was built in 1931 by Rapid Osnabrück, who emerged from VfL and reunited in 1938. It has been the home ground of VfL Osnabrück ever since. It once had a capacity of over 30,000, but now holds just over 16,000. In recent years, the possibility of the club moving to a new stadium has been suggested due to the limitations of the current ground. The stadium remains very popular with fans and was voted the most atmospheric stadium in the 3. Liga in an online poll. Fans & club identity The club colours are purple and white, and the team is often referred to as die Lila-Weißen (The purple & whites). Home kits are usually primarily purple. When the club celebrated its 120th anniversary in 2019, they wore a one-off black kit, inspired by the club's original colours. In the 2019–20 season, the home shirt was purple and black, combining the original colours with the normal purple. The club has made statements against racism, wearing a special kit in 2018 with a message against the far right, and a special kit in 2022 with the message "Build Bridges!". The "VfL Bündnis" alliance between the VfL Museum, Fanprojekt Osnabrück, the Violet Crew ultra group, and the club's fan department was recognised by the DFB in 2019 and awarded the Julius Hirsch Prize for their work in memory of Felix Löwenstein, a Jewish member and supporter of the club who was a victim of the Nazi regime killed in the Sandbostel camp in 1945. The VfL Museum had also advocated for a road next to the stadium to be renamed to the Felix-Löwenstein-Weg, which was done as part of the club's 120th anniversary. Their main rivals are SC Preußen Münster. Managerial history Recent seasons The recent season-by-season performance of the club: Key References External links Football clubs in Germany Football clubs in Lower Saxony Association football clubs established in 1899 1899 establishments in Germany Sport in Osnabrück 2. Bundesliga clubs 3. Liga clubs	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VfL%20Osnabr%C3%BCck
Townend is a 17th-century house located in Troutbeck, in the civil parish of Lakes, near Windermere, Cumbria, England, and in the ownership of the National Trust. It was donated to the Trust in 1948. Prior to this it was the home of the Browne family, local farmers, for 400 years. Although not the sort of stately home usually associated with the National Trust, it provides an insight into the life of a reasonably wealthy farming family. It is a grade I listed building. References External links Papers of several generations of the Browne family of Townend, Troutbeck, at Cumbria Archive Centre, Kendal Country houses in Cumbria National Trust properties in the Lake District Historic house museums in Cumbria Grade I listed houses in Cumbria South Lakeland District	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Townend
SG Wattenscheid 09 is a German association football club located in Wattenscheid, Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia. The club claimed an official founding date of 18 September 1909 as Ballspiel-Verein Wattenscheid out of the merger of two earlier sides known as BV Sodalität der Wattenscheid and BV Teutonia Wattenscheid. On 23 October 2019, the club filed for bankruptcy and retired from the 2019–20 Regionalliga West season, so it was relegated to the Oberliga Westfalen. History The club played quietly as a local side until briefly coming to notice in the war-ravaged Gauliga Westfalen, then a division of top flight German football, in the abbreviated 1944–45 season. In 1958, Wattenscheid joined the Verbandsliga Westfalen (III) and a title there in 1969 saw the club promoted to the Regionalliga West (II). Despite a Regionalliga title in 1974 they did not move up due to the restructuring of the German competition, but instead continued to play second-division football in the newly formed 2. Bundesliga Nord. Through a period from the late 70s on to the late 80s the team struggled somewhat, earning uneven results and having several close brushes with relegation. They played well enough to earn a 10th-place finish in 1981 and stay up when the 2. Bundesliga Nord and 2. Bundesliga Süd were combined into a single division, but the next year they escaped being sent down in the bottom four only because TSV 1860 Munich was denied a license and was instead forced down to tier III play. From that point the club slowly turned itself around and in 1990 earned promotion to the top-flight by way of a second-place result in their division. However, their Bundesliga stay was a brief four years with their best result being an 11th-place finish in their debut season. The most memorable matches in this period are the victory in the derby against VfL Bochum in 1992 (2–0) and the two victories against German record champion Bayern Munich in 1991 (3–2) and 1993 (2–0). After relegation in 1994, Wattenscheid spent two campaigns in the 2. Bundesliga, before slipping to Regionalliga in 1996 for one season and returned for two campaigns back in the 2. Bundesliga. In 1999, Wattenscheid was slipping to Regionalliga and Oberliga in 2004. The next season, in 2005, they could advance to the Regionalliga again. Two consecutive relegations brought them to the Verbandsliga Westfalen in 2007, where they played for one season before qualifying for the new Oberliga Nordrhein-Westfalen. Wattenscheid played Oberliga for 2 seasons and relegated again to Verbandsliga after finishing 18th in 2009–10 season. After winning the regional Westfalenpokal in 1996, Wattenscheid qualified for the first round of DFB-Pokal in 1996–97 where they faced Borussia Dortmund, at that time the reigning German champions. They won the match 4–3 (after extra time) but were eliminated by Karlsruher SC II in the following round, losing 4–2 in a penalty shootout. After being relegated from the NRW-Liga in 2009–10, they dropped to the six-tier Verbandsliga Westfalen II, but climbed to the fourth-tier Regionalliga West three years later, in 2013. The club filed for bankruptcy during the 2019/20 season resulting in relegation to the Oberliga Westfalen for the 2020/21 season where they currently play. Squad Notable managers Hubert Schieth (1969–1971) Helmut Witte (1975–1976) Erhard Ahmann † (1976–1977) Hubert Schieth (1977–1981) Fahrudin Jusufi (1982–1985) Hans-Werner Moors (1985–1987) Gerd Roggensack (1987–1989) Hans Bongartz (1990–1994) Frank Hartmann (1994) Heinz-Josef Koitka (1994) Franz-Josef Kneuper (1994) Hans-Peter Briegel (1994–1995) Frank Wagener (1995–1996) Peter Vollmann (1996) Franz-Josef Tenhagen (1996–1998) Hans Bongartz (1998–2004) Marcel Witeczek (2004) Georg Kreß (2004–2006) Dirk Helmig (2006–2009) Thomas Obliers (2009) Honours 2. Bundesliga (II) Runners-up: 1989–90 (promoted to Bundesliga) Regionalliga West (II) Champions: 1973–74 Regionalliga West/Südwest (III) Champions: 1996–97 Amateurliga Westfalen (III) Champions: 1968–69 Oberliga Westfalen (IV) Champions: 2004–05 Verbandsliga Westfalen (V) Champions: 2007–08 Westphalia Cup Winners: 1995–96, 2015–16 German Under 17 championship Champions: 1981–82 References External links Abseits Guide to German Soccer Football clubs in Germany Football clubs in North Rhine-Westphalia Sport in Bochum Association football clubs established in 1909 1909 establishments in Germany Bundesliga clubs 2. Bundesliga clubs	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SG%20Wattenscheid%2009
BSV Kickers Emden is a German association football club, located in Emden, Lower Saxony. History The club first began playing in 1928 as a section of the gymnastics club Emder Turnverein, which was founded in 1861. An independent football club was formed on 24 March 1946 out of the membership of this predecessor side and several other local associations which had been dissolved after World War II. In 1949, the club was promoted to the Amateuroberliga Niedersachsen-West, a second-division league at the time. They went on to finish first in the league at the end of the 1950–51 season and advanced therewith to the promotion play-offs for at the time first-division Oberliga Nord, but did not manage to get promoted. They were only a mediocre team in the Amateuroberliga Niedersachsen-West in the remainder of the decade and eventually slipped down to the fourth-division Verbandsliga Niedersachen-Nord in 1964. They returned to the third-division Amateurliga Niedersachsen in 1970, but were relegated back to the fourth division after three seasons. Between 1975 and 1983, the club competed below fourth division. They managed to return to the fourth division for the 1983–84 season, but were relegated back to the fifth division after three seasons. Another return to the fourth division followed in 1988 and the club was eventually promoted to the third-division Amateuroberliga Nord after finishing first in the 1990–91 season of the fourth-division Verbandsliga Niedersachsen. They participated in the DFB-Pokal for the first time in the 1992–93 season, but were eliminated in the first round by then Bundesliga side 1. FC Saarbrücken, who easily beat them 5–1. The club also won berths in the German Cup after winning the Cup of Lower Saxony in 1996 and 2000. However, both of these two appearances in the German Cup ended in the first round as well. In the 1996–97 season, they lost 3–1 to then Bundesliga side Fortuna Düsseldorf and in the 2000–01 season they suffered a minimal 1–0 defeat to 1. FSV Mainz 05, a 2. Bundesliga side at the time. A first-place finish in the third-division Amateuroberliga Nord in the 1993–94 season, after which the club failed to ascend to the 2. Bundesliga in a post-season tournament, would have to be considered the recent high point. The club continued to compete in then newly founded third-division Regionalliga Nord and never finished below 9th place in the following four seasons, but a 15th-place finish in the 1998–99 season of the league dropped them back to the fourth division after eight seasons in the third division. The club subsequently competed in the fourth-division Oberliga Niedersachsen/Bremen for five seasons and narrowly missed return to the Regionalliga Nord in 2000 and 2003, when they advanced to the promotion play-offs in which they lost to Lüneburger SK and VfR Neumünster respectively. In the 2004–05 season, the club finished first in then newly founded fourth-division Oberliga Nord and returned to the third-division Regionalliga Nord for the 2005–06 season. In their first season since returning to the third division, Kickers Emden managed a ninth-place finish in the Regionalliga Nord. After a successful 2008–09 season in the 3. Liga, finishing sixth, the club decided to withdraw from the league for financial reasons. Instead of the tier-four Regionalliga Nord, the club decided to enter the tier-five Oberliga Niedersachsen-West for 2009–10, also for financial reasons. In 2012, Kickers were sent down to Landesliga after insolvency, annulling games they played in Oberliga and downgrading their remaining fixtures into friendlies. Other departments Kickers Emden has other departments for table tennis and gorodki. Notable coaches Jürgen Bogs, former trainer of BFC Dynamo. One of the most successful trainer in DDR with a total of 10 major titles in a row (1979–1988). Stefan Emmerling, former player in the Bundesliga Marc Fascher, led Kickers Emden into the third division (Regionalliga) Michael Krüger Thomas Richter Gerd Roggensack Recent seasons Recent seasons of the club: Honours The club's honours: Oberliga Nord Champions: 1994, 2005 Oberliga Niedersachsen/Bremen Champions: 2000, 2003 Verbandsliga Niedersachsen Champions: 1989, 1991 Staff Head Coach Stefan Emmerling Assistant Coaches Sascha Richarz (Assistant coach) Yasin Turan (Assistant coach) Gerwin Schmidt (Goalkeeper coach) Management Carsten Herzog (Sporting management) Arno Janssen (Team manager) Physiotherapist Hendrik Peters References External links Official website The Abseits Guide to German Soccer Football clubs in Germany Football clubs in Lower Saxony Association football clubs established in 1946 1946 establishments in Germany Emden 3. Liga clubs	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kickers%20Emden
Roswell: The Aliens Attack is a 1999 science fiction television film directed by Brad Turner, written by Jim Makichuk, and starring Steven Flynn, Kate Greenhouse, and Heather Hanson. The story is about two aliens who escape from Roswell, New Mexico, in 1947 with intentions to blow up the earth. Roswell: The Aliens Attack was filmed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. It premiered on UPN on February 4, 1999. Cast Steven Flynn as John Dearman Kate Greenhouse as Katie Harras Heather Hanson as Eve Flowers Brent Stait as Capt. Philips Sean McCann as Col. Woodburn Donnelly Rhodes as Tyler Ben Baxter as Sam Harras See also List of television films produced for UPN External links 1999 television films 1999 films 1999 science fiction films 1990s American films 1990s Canadian films 1990s English-language films Alien invasions in films Alien invasions in television American science fiction television films Canadian science fiction television films English-language Canadian films Films directed by Brad Turner Films scored by Fred Mollin Films set in 1947 Films set in New Mexico Films shot in Winnipeg Roswell incident in fiction UFO-related films UFO-related television UPN original films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roswell%3A%20The%20Aliens%20Attack
Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd Earl of Camperdown (25 March 1812 – 30 January 1867), styled Viscount Duncan between 1831 and 1859, was a British nobleman and politician. Early life Hon. Adam Duncan was born in Edinburgh on 25 March 1812. He was the son of Robert Haldane-Duncan, 1st Earl of Camperdown and the former Janet Hamilton-Dalrymple (1783–1867). His paternal grandparents were the former Henrietta Dundas and Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan, a well known British admiral who defeated the Dutch fleet off Camperdown in what is considered one of the most significant actions in naval history. His mother was the second daughter of Sir Hew Dalrymple, 3rd Baronet and the former Janet Duff (a daughter of William Duff of Crombie). Through his brother Hew, he was uncle to Georgiana Wilhelmina Mercer-Henderson (wife of the 7th Earl of Buckinghamshire), and through his sister Lady Henrietta, he was uncle to Wilhelmina Frederica Allen (wife of Thomas Graves Law, a grandson of the 1st Baron Ellenborough). He was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge. Career He first entered parliament as a member for Southampton in 1837, which seat he held until 1841 when he exchanged it for Bath. He was briefly out of parliament between 1852 and 1854, when he was returned again, this time for Forfarshire. He held this seat until he was elevated to the House of Lords in 1859 on the death of his father. Personal life On 23 May 1859, Viscount Duncan married Juliana Cavendish Philips, eldest daughter and co-heiress of Whig MP Sir George Philips, 2nd Baronet and Hon. Sarah Georgiana Cavendish (eldest daughter of Richard Cavendish, 2nd Baron Waterpark). Together, they were the parents of: Julia Janet Georgiana Haldane-Duncan (1840–1915), a notable artist and Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria who married George Abercromby, 4th Baron Abercromby. Robert Haldane-Duncan, 3rd Earl of Camperdown (1841–1918), a Civil Lord of the Admiralty from 1870 to 1874 who never married. George Haldane-Duncan, 4th Earl of Camperdown (1845–1933), a philanthropist who married American heiress Laura (née Dove) Blanchard, daughter of John Dove, in 1888. Lord Camperdown died on 30 January 1867 at the age of 54. He was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son Robert. After Robert died unmarried in 1918, the earldom passed to his younger brother George, upon whose death in 1933 the earldom became extinct. References Works cited External links Camperdown, Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd Earl of Camperdown, Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd Earl of British people of Scottish descent Camperdown, Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd Earl of Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies UK MPs 1837–1841 UK MPs 1841–1847 UK MPs 1847–1852 UK MPs 1852–1857 UK MPs 1857–1859 Camperdown, Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd Earl of Politics of Bath, Somerset People educated at Eton College Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Haldane-Duncan%2C%202nd%20Earl%20of%20Camperdown
A Break from the Norm is a compilation album arranged and released by British big beat musician Fatboy Slim, under his name of Norman Cook. It was released in 2001. The album was released to illustrate where Cook obtained a number of his samples for famous Fatboy Slim songs, and as such most of the artists (and tracks) are relatively obscure. Track listing References Fatboy Slim compilation albums 2001 compilation albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Break%20from%20the%20Norm
In baseball statistics, defense-independent ERA (dERA) is a statistic that projects what a pitcher's earned run average (ERA) would have been, if not for the effects of defense and luck on the actual games in which he pitched. The statistic was first devised by Voros McCracken in 1999. Method Version 2.0 of dERA uses the following statistics: batters faced Home runs allowed Base on balls Intentional base on balls Strikeouts Hit by pitch 0) Multiply BFP by .0074 to get the number of intentional walks allowed (dIBB). 1) Divide HB by BFP-IBB. Call this $HB. Then multiply $HB by BFP-dIBB. This number gives the DIPS number of Hit Batsmen (dHB). 2) Divide (BB-IBB) by (BFP-IBB-HB), and call this number $BB. Multiply BFP by 0.0074, and call this dIBB. 2a) Then multiply $BB by (BFP-dIBB-dHB). Take this number and add IBB. This number is now the DIPS number of total walks allowed (dBB). 3) Divide K by (BFP-HB-BB) and call this number $K. Remember this number for later. 3a) Multiply $K by (BFP-dBB-dHB). This gives the DIPS number of strikeouts (dK). 4) Divide HR by (BFP-HB-BB-K) and call this number $HR. Remember this number for later. 4a) Multiply $HR by (BFP-dBB-dHB-dK). This gives the DIPS number of Home Runs (dHR). 5) Calculate the number of 'Balls Hit in the Field of Play'. This is BFP-dHR-dBB-dK-dHB. 6) Estimate hits per balls in the field of play ($H): 6a) Take the number 0.304396 and subtract 0.010830 if the pitcher is strictly a knuckleball pitcher. If not keep the 0.304396 number. 6b) Take the result from the last step and add 0.002321 if the pitcher is left-handed, if not keep the number from the above step. 6c) Take the $K figure from above and multiply it by 0.04782. Subtract this number from the number in 6b. 6d) Take the $HR figure from way above and multiply it by 0.08095. Subtract this number from the number in 6c. 6e) Whatever remains is the $H figure. 7) To get the projected number of Hits Allowed (DIPS 'Hits Allowed', or dH), multiply $H by the number of balls hit in the field of play (BHFP). 7a) Add this number to dHR. This number is the DIPS total of Hits Allowed (dH). 8) Take BFP-dBB-dHB-dK-dH and multiply that number by 1.048. Add dK to that number. Take that number and divide by 3. This is the DIPS total of Innings Pitched (dIP). 9) Sum the following products: (dH-dHR)0.49674 dHR1.294375 (dBB-dIBB)0.3325 dIBB0.0864336 dK(-0.084691) dHB0.3077 (BFP-dHB-dBB-dK-dH)(-0.082927) The sum of all of these is the DIPS total of earned runs (dER). 10) Calculate ERA as usual: (9dER)/dIP. This is the DIPS ERA (dERA). Alternative formulation 0) 1) 2) 3) 4) See also Earned run Earned run average Component ERA PERA QERA References External links Defense Independent Pitching Stats Pitching statistics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense-independent%20ERA
Keld is a village in the English county of North Yorkshire. It is in Swaledale, and the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The name derives from the Viking word Kelda meaning a spring and the village was once called Appletre Kelde – the spring near the apple trees. Keld is the crossing point of the Coast to Coast Walk and the Pennine Way long-distance footpaths at the head of Swaledale, and marks the end of the Swale Trail, a 20 km mountain bike trail which starts in Reeth. At the height of the lead-mining industry in Swaledale in the late 19th century, several notable buildings – now Grade II listed – were erected: they include the Congregational and Methodist chapels, the school and the Literary Institute. A tea room and small shop operate at Park Lodge from Easter to autumn. Out of season, local volunteers provide a self service café for visitors in the village’s Public Hall. Keld’s Youth Hostel closed in 2008 and has since reopened as Keld Lodge, a hotel with bar and restaurant. There is a series of four waterfalls close to Keld in a limestone gorge on the River Swale: Kisdon Force, East Gill Force, Catrake Force and Wain Wath Force. Keld Resource Centre The Keld Resource Centre, a local charity, is restoring a series of listed buildings in the village centre and returning them to community use. The first phase involved restoring the Manse, the minister's house attached to the United Reformed Church, which was completed in 2009 and is now used as a holiday cottage, proceeds from which support the Centre's work. In 2010 the Centre created the Keld Well-being Garden in the chapel churchyard. It provides a quiet spot for visitors to contemplate their well-being in the beautiful natural environment of Upper Swaledale. The Keld Countryside and Heritage Centre opened in 2011; it provides interpretation of the countryside, buildings and social history of Keld, and displays of artefacts relevant to Upper Swaledale. It is open throughout the year, operating alongside The Upper Room which is used for meetings, exhibitions, workshops and social events. A range of guided walks, exhibitions, talks and other activities take place during the summer months. Further projects will involve restoring Keld’s former school. Crackpot Hall The ruins of Crackpot Hall lie about a mile east of Keld on the northern slope of the dale at . There may have been a building on this site since the 16th century when a hunting lodge was maintained for Thomas, the first Baron Wharton, who visited the Dale occasionally to shoot the red deer. Survey work by the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority has shown that the building has changed many times over the years. At one time it even had a heather or "ling" thatched roof. The current ruin is of a farmhouse dating from the mid 18th century. It was an impressive two-storey building with a slate roof and matching "shippons" or cowsheds at each end for animals. The building may also have been used as mine offices, as intensive lead mining was carried out in the area, and there were violent disputes over mine boundaries in the 18th century. In the 1930s Ella Pontefract and Marie Hartley wrote of a wild 4-year-old child named Alice. On 7 November 2015, BBC Radio 3 broadcast a documentary about the story in the Between the Ears strand titled Alice at Crackpot Hall. The current building was abandoned in the 1950s because of subsidence. Crackpot Hall has been saved from further decay by Gunnerside Estate with the aid of grants from the Millennium Commission and European Union through the Yorkshire Dales Millennium Trust. The name Crackpot is said to mean "a deep hole or chasm that is a haunt of crows". References External links Keld Lodge Villages in North Yorkshire Swaledale	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keld%2C%20North%20Yorkshire
Verein für Rasenspiele 1921 Aalen e.V., known simply as VfR Aalen, is a German football club based in Aalen, Baden-Württemberg. The football team is part of a larger sports club which also offers its members gymnastics, table tennis, and cheerleading. The club's greatest success came in 2011–12 when it finished second in the 3. Liga and earned promotion to the 2. Bundesliga for the first time. History The club was founded on 8 March 1921 out of the football department of the gymnastics club MTV Aalen and has led a largely unremarked existence as a lower division side. In 1939, Aalen was promoted to the first division Gauliga Württemberg, one of sixteen top-flight leagues established through the 1933 re-organization of German football under the Third Reich. They played there until 1945, typically finishing in the lower half of the table. After the war the club was joined by Boxclub Aalen in 1950. They went on to the third tier Landesliga Württemberg and in 1951 captured the title in what had become the Amateurliga Württemberg (III). After a single season appearance in the 2nd Oberliga Süd in 1951–52 they returned to play in the III and IV divisions over the next two decades. The club slipped to fifth division play in the late 1970s for a couple of seasons before recovering itself. At the turn of the millennium, Aalen managed an advance to the third division Regionalliga Süd and played at that level as a mid-table side from 1999 onwards. A fourth-place finish in 2007–08 qualified them for the new 3. Liga. They were immediately relegated after just one season, but captured the Regionalliga title in 2011, and returned to third-tier play. A second-place result in 2011–12 earned the team promotion to the 2. Bundesliga. After two good seasons in the league the club finished last in the league in 2014–15 and was relegated. Following relegation the club experienced financial difficulties and was initially unable to provide coverage for the required €5.6 million for a 3. Liga licence but was eventually able to apply for one. It deregistered its reserve team, VfR Aalen II, playing in the fifth tier Oberliga, to save money. In December 2016, the club filed for bankruptcy while competing in the 2016–17 season, leading to a nine point-deduction decided by the DFB on 10 March 2017, a further relegation to the Regionalliga Südwest ensued in 2019 Honours League 3. Liga Runners-up: 2012 Oberliga Baden-Württemberg (IV) Champions: 1999 Amateurliga Württemberg (III) Champions: 1951 Amateurliga Nordwürttemberg (III) Champions: 1974, 1975 Verbandsliga Württemberg (IV–VI) Champions: 1980, 1983, 2014‡ Cup Württemberg Cup Winners: 1972, 1979, 1986, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2010 Runners-up: 1987, 1992, 1999 ‡ Denotes title won by reserve team. Players Current squad Recent managers Recent managers of the club: Recent seasons The recent season-by-season performance of the club: VfR Aalen VfR Aalen II With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier. Key Stadium The team plays its home matches in the OSTALB-ARENA – popularly known as the Rohrwang – which has a capacity of 11,183. References External links VfR Aalen at Weltfussball.de Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables The Abseits Guide to German Soccer Football clubs in Germany Football clubs in Baden-Württemberg Association football clubs established in 1921 1921 establishments in Germany Ostalbkreis 2. Bundesliga clubs 3. Liga clubs	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VfR%20Aalen
SpVgg 07 Elversberg is a German association football club, located in Spiesen-Elversberg, Saarland. The club plays in 2. Bundesliga from 2023–24 after promotion from 3. Liga in 2022–23. History The club was founded in 1907 as FC Germania Elversberg. It was dissolved in 1914, but then re-constituted in 1918 as Sportvereinigung VfB Elversberg, spending a season in the tier-one Kreisliga Saar in 1921–22. After World War II a number of local associations came together to form Sportgemeinde Elversberg. The current club became independent of SG as SV Elversberg VfB 07 in 1952. From 1951 to 1960 SV played in the Amateurliga Saarland (III), but then disappeared into tier IV and V football until 1980 when they re-emerged in the Amateur Oberliga Südwest (III) for a span of seven seasons. After nearly another decade spent between the Verbandsliga Saarland (IV) and the Landesliga Saarland/Nordost (V) the club returned to tier III football in the Regionalliga West/Südwest. Since 1998, SV Elversberg has played in the Regionalliga Süd (III) as a lower table side. For the 2008–09 season, the club belonged to the new Regionalliga West where it stayed until 2012 when it became part of the new Regionalliga Südwest. In 2012–13, the club finished runners-up in the new league and qualified for the promotion play-off to the 3. Liga where it overcame the reserve team of TSV 1860 München to earn promotion to this league. SV Elversberg lasted for only one season in the 3. Liga, suffering relegation alongside fellow Saar side 1. FC Saarbrücken back to the Regionalliga. They finished runners-up in the Regionalliga Südwest in 2015–16 but lost to FSV Zwickau in the promotion play-off and had to remain in the league. The following season, they won the league but were denied promotion by SpVgg Unterhaching, who beat them 5–2 on aggregate in another promotion play-off. In the 2021–22 season, SV Elversberg finished first in the Regionalliga Südwest to promote to the 3. Liga. In the 2022–23 season, SV Elversberg secured promotion to the 2023–24 2. Bundesliga for the first time ever in history on 21 May 2023, before they managed to win the league on the final matchday following a 2–1 victory over Ingolstadt. Honours League 3. Liga Champions: 2023 Regionalliga Südwest (IV) Champions: 2017, 2022 Runners-up: 2013, 2016 Oberliga Südwest (IV) Champions: 1996, 1998 Verbandsliga Saarland (IV) Champions: 1980, 1994, 2008 (reserve team) Cup Saarland Cup Winners: 2009, 2010, 2015, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023 Runners-up: 1979, 1982, 2004, 2014, 2016, 2019 Recent managers Recent managers of the club: Recent seasons The recent season-by-season performance of the club: SV Elversberg SV Elversberg II With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier. Key Current squad Out on loan References External links SV 07 Elversberg at Worldfootball.net Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables Football clubs in Germany Football clubs in Saarland Association football clubs established in 1907 1907 establishments in Germany Neunkirchen (German district) 3. Liga clubs	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SV%20Elversberg
1. FC Eschborn was a German association football club which played in Eschborn, a town close to Frankfurt, Hesse. History The association was founded 10 September 1930 and after World War II was re-established as SG Eschborn. In 1950, the football department left behind the postwar sports club, which was by then known as Turnverein Eschborn, to become an independent club under its current name. A perennial lower division amateur side, 1. FC made strides that have seen it playing in the Regionalliga Süd (III) as recently as the 2005–06 season. Their success was mixed, however: while making some strong showings in the fourth division Oberliga Hessen, they were not able to compete effectively at the Regionalliga level. The club was also suffering financially, and unable to find a strong sponsor, faced bankruptcy from which it never recovered. Eschborn took part in the 2005–06 German Cup tournament on the strength of their championship in the Oberliga Hessen (IV) the previous season, but were eliminated in the opening round by 1. FC Nürnberg. The club returned to the Hessenliga (V) again after spending the 2007–08 season in the Landesliga. It won the league in 2011–12 and thereby earned promotion to the new Regionalliga Südwest. At this level it lasted for only one season before being relegated back to the Hessenliga. At the end of the 2015–16 Eschborn withdrew from the Hesenliga and competitive football after declaring insolvency and ceased to exist. Honours The club's honours: League Hessenliga Champions: 2003, 2005, 2012 Landesliga Hessen-Mitte Runners-up: 2000, 2001, 2008 Cup Hesse Cup Runners-up: 2005 Recent managers Recent managers of the club: Recent seasons The recent season-by-season performance of the club: With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier. Also in 2008, a large number of football leagues in Hesse were renamed, with the Oberliga Hessen becoming the Hessenliga, the Landesliga becoming the Verbandsliga, the Bezirksoberliga becoming the Gruppenliga and the Bezirksliga becoming the Kreisoberliga. In 2012, the number of Regionalligas was increased from three to five with all Regionalliga Süd clubs except the Bavarian ones entering the new Regionalliga Südwest. References External links 1. FC Eschborn at Weltfussball.de Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables Defunct football clubs in Germany Defunct football clubs in Hesse Association football clubs established in 1930 1930 establishments in Germany Association football clubs disestablished in 2016 2016 disestablishments in Germany	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1.%20FC%20Eschborn
Turn- und Sportgemeinschaft 1899 Hoffenheim e.V., or simply TSG Hoffenheim, or just Hoffenheim (), is a German professional football club based in Hoffenheim, a village of Sinsheim, Baden-Württemberg. Originally founded in 1899 as a gymnastics club, Hoffenheim came into being in its modern form in 1945. A fifth division side in 2000, the club rapidly advanced through the German football league system with the financial backing of alumnus and software mogul Dietmar Hopp, and in 2008 Hoffenheim was promoted to the top tier Bundesliga. In the 2017–18 season, Hoffenheim finished third in the Bundesliga (its best to date), qualifying for the UEFA Champions League group stage for the first time. Since 2009, Hoffenheim has played its home games at the Rhein-Neckar-Arena (currently known as PreZero Arena), having previously played at the Dietmar-Hopp-Stadion from 1999. History The modern-day club was formed in 1945, when gymnastics club Turnverein Hoffenheim (founded 1 July 1899) and football club Fußballverein Hoffenheim (founded 1921) merged. At the beginning of the 1990s, the club was an obscure local amateur side playing in the eighth division Baden-Württemberg A-Liga. They steadily improved and by 1996 were competing in the Verbandsliga Nordbaden (V). Around 2000, alumnus Dietmar Hopp returned to the club of his youth as a financial backer. Hopp was the co-founder of software firm SAP and he put some of his money into the club. His contributions generated almost immediate results: in 2000 Hoffenheim finished first in the Verbandsliga and was promoted to the fourth-tier Oberliga Baden-Württemberg. Another first-place finish moved the club up to the Regionalliga Süd (III) for the 2001–02 season. They finished 13th in their first season in the Regionalliga, but improved significantly the next year, earning a fifth-place result. Hoffenheim earned fifth and seventh-place finishes in the next two seasons, before improving to fourth in 2005–06 to earn their best result to date. The club made its first DFB-Pokal appearance in the 2003–04 competition and performed well, advancing to the quarter-finals by eliminating 2. Bundesliga sides Eintracht Trier and Karlsruher SC and Bundesliga club Bayer Leverkusen before being put out themselves by another 2. Bundesliga side, VfB Lübeck. Negotiations to merge TSG Hoffenheim, Astoria Walldorf, and SV Sandhausen to create FC Heidelberg 06 in 2005 were abandoned due to the resistance of the latter two clubs, and the failure to agree on whether the new side's stadium should be located in Heidelberg or Eppelheim. Team owner Hopp clearly preferred Heidelberg, but could not overcome the resistance of local firm Wild, which had already reserved the site of the planned stadium for its new production facilities. 2006–2008: Major investments, promotion to the Bundesliga In 2006, the club sought to improve its squad and technical staff by bringing in players with several years of Bundesliga experience, most notably Jochen Seitz and Tomislav Marić, and young talents like Sejad Salihović, while signing manager Ralf Rangnick, who managed Bundesliga teams such as SSV Ulm 1846, VfB Stuttgart, Hannover 96 and Schalke 04, to a five-year contract. The investment paid off in the 2006–07 season with the club's promotion to the 2. Bundesliga after finishing second in Regionalliga Süd. The 2007–08 season was Hoffenheim's first season in professional football. After a weak start with three losses and only one draw in the first four games, the team's performance improved remarkably and Hoffenheim climbed from 16th place on matchday four to second place on matchday 23. The team managed to defend their place until the end of the season, having scored 60 points after matchday 34. As a result of their second-place finish, they received automatic promotion to the Bundesliga, the highest tier in German football, after playing in the 2. Bundesliga for just one season. 2008–present: Growth of the club and Champions League football Hoffenheim had a successful season in their debut in the Bundesliga, the top German division, as they went on to record a 7th place finish. The club's best players of the season were Vedad Ibišević and Demba Ba, who scored 18 and 14 goals respectively. In the 2009–10 Bundesliga, the club had a less successful season, recording a finish outside of the top 10, finishing 11th. The club eventually went on to finish in 11th place for the next two consecutive seasons. In the 2012–13 Bundesliga, the club came very close to suffering relegation, after a 16th place finish, meaning they would have to play in the relegation play-offs to survive; the club went on to beat their opponents Kaiserslautern by a scoreline of 5–2 on aggregate over two legs, with Roberto Firmino scoring two goals in the first leg. In the 2013–14 Bundesliga, the club had strange statistics; being the third best goalscoring team in the league, but also the worst defensive team, scoring 72 goals and conceding 70. The club's best goalscorer of the season, also their best assist provider, was Roberto Firmino, scoring 16 goals and providing 12 assists, with the player winning the Bundesliga Breakthrough Player of the Season award. In the 2014–15 Bundesliga, the club came very close to qualifying for the Europa League, with just two points separating them from Borussia Dortmund, who were in 7th place. Despite the 8th place finish, Hoffenheim still had a goal difference of −6 in the 2014–15 season. In the 2015–16 Bundesliga, the club once again came close to suffering relegation, with just one point separating them from the relegation play-offs. In the 2016–17 season, new coach Julian Nagelsmann took over, beginning to recruit several new players, including Andrej Kramarić, Kerem Demirbay and Sandro Wagner. Initially, the club struggled for form, with four draws in the first four games of the season, before a rise in form rose the club to 3rd place in the league by the end of October. On 4 April 2017, the club beat Bayern Munich by a scoreline of 1–0, one of the most significant wins in the club's history. On 21 April 2017, the club confirmed that they would play European football next season following a 1–1 draw with Köln. Following a 4th place finish in the 2016–17 Bundesliga, Hoffenheim confirmed Champions League football for the 2017–18 season. The club were eventually drawn to play six-time European champions Liverpool in the play-off round. The club lost the first leg by a scoreline of 1–2, before a 4–2 loss in the second leg confirmed Hoffenheim's elimination from the tournament, as the club lost 3–6 on aggregate. Due to their elimination from the play-off stages, the club would continue playing European football in the Europa League group stages, however, the club would suffer elimination from the tournament as they would finish bottom of their group. In the 2017–18 Bundesliga season, Hoffenheim had a successful season, finishing third, automatically qualifying for the next year's Champions League. The 2018–19 season was more disappointing for Hoffenheim, as they finished bottom of their Champions League group with only 3 draws and 3 losses whilst playing against the likes of Manchester City, Lyon and Shakhtar Donetsk. This meant that they did not make it out of the group stages of a European competition again. In the Bundesliga, Hoffenheim didn't fare much better, finishing a disappointing 9th place, 6 places below their ranking of 3rd during the 2017–18 campaign with 51 points. This was just two places and 3 points away from the Europa League qualifying rounds. In the DFB-Pokal, Hoffenheim were eliminated by RB Leipzig in a 2–0 loss with two goals from Timo Werner. The season's top scorer was Andre Kramarić, with the Croatian finding the goal 22 times in 37 appearances. The German Kerem Demirbay had the most assists with 11 assists during the 2018–19 season. Head coach Julian Nagelsmann left the club to join RB Leipzig at the end of the season. Alfred Schreuder, former assistant coach under Huub Stevens and Julian Nagelsmann was appointed as the new head coach. Players Current squad Players out on loan Reserve team Women's team Staff First team Stadium Before being promoted to the Bundesliga in 2008, the club played in the Dietmar-Hopp-Stadion, which was built in 1999 with a capacity of 5,000 (1,620 seats). TSG 1899 Hoffenheim made their lofty ambitions clear in 2006, when the club's management decided to begin building the new 30,150 seat Rhein-Neckar-Arena suitable for hosting Bundesliga matches. The stadium was originally to be built in Heidelberg before the selection of a site in Sinsheim. They opened their first season in the Bundesliga at the 26,022 capacity Carl-Benz-Stadion in Mannheim, and played their first match in their new stadium on 31 January 2009. Interwetten had agreed to be the stadium's betting partner for TSG Hoffenheim in August 2017 until 2020. Controversy Criticism of the club Dietmar Hopp's financial support, which transformed Hoffenheim from a local amateur club into a competitive Bundesliga club, has been strongly criticized by other clubs, fans and some in the German press. The main points of criticism are the club's lack of "tradition" and a proper fan base, as the club is a historically insignificant side from a village of just 3,300 inhabitants. This situation is similar to that of now-defunct Scottish side Gretna and German clubs VfL Wolfsburg, Bayer Leverkusen and RB Leipzig, as those teams also received large financial support; Wolfsburg is wholly owned and supported by automobile manufacturer Volkswagen, Bayer Leverkusen by pharmaceutical company Bayer and RB Leipzig by Red Bull. On 16 August 2011, the club released a statement regarding complaints of a loudspeaker that was strategically placed under away fans during a home game against Dortmund. The loudspeaker was designed to drown out the noise of the away fans cheers and chants during the game. It was reported that the speaker was placed by the groundskeeper, although the club denied any involvement, saying he acted alone. It was also reported that the loudspeaker was used during other games, not just the home game against Dortmund. In a later statement, the club admitted that the disruptive sound assembly has been used at least five times, although club officials claim to have no knowledge of these measures. On 29 February 2020, Bayern Munich supporters unfurled an offensive banner aimed at Hoffenheim owner Dietmar Hopp, resulting in the match being suspended with less than 15 minutes left to play. After concerns that the game could be abandoned, both teams returned to finish the match, but had decided to just run down the clock to end the game in solidarity with Hopp. Rather than play on, the two teams began passing the ball between each other and chatting as if they were all teammates. The very next day, the Bundesliga match between Vfl Wolfsburg and 1. FC Union Berlin was stopped at the 44th minute of play due to derogatory banners once again being unfurled, one of which showed Hopp under crosshairs. The two teams left the field and returned 10 minutes later to play out the remainder of the 1st half and subsequently the game. Partnership On 25 September 2020, TSG 1899 Hoffenheim signed a partnership agreement with MLS club FC Cincinnati. Honours The club's honours: League 2. Bundesliga Runners-up: 2007–08 Regionalliga Runners-up: 2006–07 Oberliga Baden-Württemberg (IV) Champions: 2000–01 Runners-up: 2009–10‡ Verbandsliga Nordbaden (V) Champions: 1999–2000 Runners-up: 2002–03‡ Cup North Baden Cup (Tiers III-VII) Winners: 2001–02, 2002–03, 2003–04, 2004–05 Runners-up: 2006–07 Youth German Under 19 championship Champions: 2013–14 Runners-up: 2014–15, 2015–16 German Under 17 championship Champions: 2007–08 Under 19 Bundesliga South/Southwest Champions: 2013–14, 2014–15, 2015–16 Under 17 Bundesliga South/Southwest Champions: 2007–08 Runners-up: 2010–11 Under 15 Regionalliga Süd Champions: 2011–12, 2012–13, 2015–16 ‡ Won by reserve team. Coaching history Recent coaches of the club: *As caretaker coach. Recent seasons The recent season-by-season performance of the club: Key With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier. In 2012, the number of Regionalligas was increased from three to five with all Regionalliga Süd clubs except the Bavarian ones entering the new Regionalliga Südwest. European record Hoffenheim made their debut in European competition in 2017, qualifying for the play-off round of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League play-offs. Their first match was on 15 August 2017, losing the first leg of the play-offs 2–1 to Liverpool. Matches UEFA club coefficient ranking Top scorers Women's team The women's team started playing in 2006–07 and rushed through the lower leagues. The women's team plays at Dietmar-Hopp-Stadion. References Literature Grüne, Hardy (2001). Vereinslexikon. Kassel: AGON Sportverlag External links Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables TSG 1899 Hoffenheim at Weltfussball.de TSG 1899 Hoffenheim II at Weltfussball.de TSG 1899 Hoffenheim at Vkontakte 1899 establishments in Germany Association football clubs established in 1899 Football clubs in Germany Football clubs in Baden-Württemberg Bundesliga clubs Rhein-Neckar-Kreis 2. Bundesliga clubs	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSG%201899%20Hoffenheim
Sròn is the Scottish Gaelic word for nose and is the name of some hills in the Scottish Highlands. Before the abolition of the acute accent in Scottish Gaelic, it was sometimes spelt as srón. The name "sròn" is often applied to pointed hills or promontories that form the edge of a mountain massive, giving the appearance of a nose-like ridge. As such, they are often not the highest hilltops; in fact only one of the 282 Munros is called Sròn: Sròn a' Choire Ghairbh ("the nose of the rough corrie"), located west of Loch Lochy. Sròn also appears in names of towns (often anglicized as Stron), such as Strontian (Sròn an t-Sìtheinn), the nose of the fairies (Sìth), and Stranraer, (An t-Sròn Reamhar) the fat nose. Scottish Gaelic language Geography of Scotland	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sr%C3%B2n
Arthur Schuyler Carpender (24 October 1884 – 10 January 1960) was an American admiral who commanded the Allied Naval Forces in the Southwest Pacific Area during World War II. A 1908 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, Carpender sailed around the world with the Great White Fleet. He commanded a landing force that went ashore at Puerto Cortes, Honduras in 1911, and participated in the United States occupation of Veracruz as adjutant of the First Regiment of Bluejackets in 1914. As commander of the destroyer in the action of 17 November 1917 during World War I, he engaged the U-boat U-58, and forced it to surrender. At the start of World War II Carpender was Commander Destroyers, Atlantic Fleet. In July 1942, he arrived in the Southwest Pacific Area, where he became commander of Task Force 51, the naval forces based in Western Australia. In September 1942, he was appointed commander of the Southwest Pacific Force, later renamed the Seventh Fleet, and Allied Naval Forces, Southwest Pacific Area, which he led through the Battle of Buna–Gona and the Battle of the Bismarck Sea. The following year he oversaw the fleet's operations during Operation Cartwheel. He commanded the Ninth Naval District from January 1944 until August 1945, retiring in November 1946 with a tombstone promotion to the rank of admiral. Early life A direct descendant of Wolphert Gerretse Van Kouwenhoven, one of the early settlers the New Netherland colony, Arthur Schuyler Carpender was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, the sixth of seven children of John Neilson Carpender and his wife Anna Neilson née Kemp on 24 October 1884. He was educated at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, and Rutgers Preparatory School in New Brunswick. Carpender was appointed to the United States Naval Academy by Senator John Kean in 1904. He graduated in 1908. At the time midshipmen had to serve two years service at sea before being commissioned, so he reported for duty with the crew of the new battleship . This was one of the battleships of the Great White Fleet sent by President Theodore Roosevelt on an epic voyage around the world in 1907. In 1909, Carpender was transferred to the . He was commissioned as an ensign in the United States Navy on 6 June 1910. Amidst the backdrop of the Banana Wars, he commanded a 16-man landing force from the Marietta that was put ashore at Puerto Cortes, Honduras, on 14 January 1911 to help protect American citizens during a period of unrest; after four days ashore Carpender's force returned to the ship. Leaving the Marietta in March 1911, Carpender was involved with the fitting out of the new battleship . Like other naval officers of the day, he acquired a nickname, "Chips" (a traditional nickname for a ship's carpenter in the days of wooden ships). He married Helena Bleecker Neilson, who was also from New Brunswick, on 30 April 1912. Their marriage produced no children. World War I Carpender participated in the United States occupation of Veracruz in April 1914 during the Mexican Revolution as adjutant of the First Regiment of Bluejackets, which was formed from sailors from Florida, Utah and Arkansas. Landing mid-morning on 21 April, the sailors remained under fire on the beachhead until early the next morning when they began their advance through Veracruz. After a series of street fights, they captured the town shortly before noon on 22 April. The town was cleared and defense lines established before it was handed over to United States Army troops on 30 April. On returning to the United States, Carpender was assigned to the Office of Naval Militia Affairs in Washington, D.C. In June 1916, Carpender helped fit out and commission the new destroyer at the Bath Iron Works in Bath, Maine. He served as a member of its crew until March 1917, when he assumed command of the destroyer . During the action of 17 November 1917, he engaged the U-boat U-58, which was forced to the surface and compelled to surrender. For his part in the engagement, Carpender was awarded the Navy Distinguished Service Medal. In December 1917, Carpender became an aide to the Commander, Destroyer Flotillas Operating in European Waters. In August 1918 he reported to the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company to help fit out the new destroyer , and assumed command of the ship when it was commissioned on 30 September 1918. The ship sailed for Europe in October 1918, escorting a convoy. Between the wars Carpender returned to the United States in April 1919, and became a Member of the Naval Examining Board, and Judge Advocate General of the General Court Martial at the Naval Training Station Great Lakes. In August 1921 he assumed command of the . He reported to the Naval Submarine Base New London for training in June 1922, after which he was posted to the United States Asiatic Fleet as commander of Submarine Division 14. In August 1923 Carpender returned to Washington, D.C., where he served ashore for the next two years in the Bureau of Navigation, before becoming executive officer of the in December 1925. He was assigned to the Receiving Ship, New York, from October 1926 until March 1927, when he assumed command of the destroyer . Following the familiar pattern of shore duty alternating with sea duty, Carpender served in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations in Washington, D.C. from 1928 until 1931. This was followed by two years as executive officer of the light cruiser . He then attended the Naval War College at Newport, Rhode Island, after which he returned to the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations. In June 1936, he became Chief of Staff of Destroyers, Scouting Force. He assumed command of the cruiser in August 1937. In February 1938 he became Professor of Naval Science and Tactics of the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps at Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois. World War II Carpender returned to sea duty in September 1939, when he helped fit out a new destroyer squadron, Destroyer Squadron 32. He commanded it until September 1940, when he became Director of Officer Personnel at the Bureau of Navigation. In this capacity, he helped foster the careers of many other officers. In December 1941 he was promoted to rear admiral, as Commander Destroyers, Atlantic Fleet. In July 1942, Carpender arrived in the Southwest Pacific Area, where he reported to Vice Admiral Herbert F. Leary, the commander of the Southwest Pacific Force and Allied Naval Forces, Southwest Pacific Area. Leary assigned Carpender to replace Captain Charles A. Lockwood in command of the naval forces based in Western Australia, known as Task Force 51. The main U.S. naval forces based in the west were the submarines, which remained under Lockwood. As a submariner himself, Carpender took a great interest in submarine operations, and did not like what he saw. Carpender and Lockwood did not get along well, and soon came to detest one another. "I've heard about how they run things in the Atlantic Fleet", Lockwood wrote, "so often that I'm ready to shoot any Atlantic Fleet sailor on sight—and they, after all, haven't done so much to write home about." On 11 September 1942, Carpender succeeded Leary as commander of both the Southwest Pacific Force and the Allied Naval Forces, Southwest Pacific Area. In the former role, he reported to the Commander in Chief, United States Fleet, Admiral Ernest J. King; in the latter he was answerable directly to the Commander in Chief, Southwest Pacific Area, General Douglas MacArthur. The new post came with a promotion to the rank of vice admiral, but Carpender was not the most senior naval officer in the theater, as the Royal Australian Navy′s Admiral Sir Guy Royle and the Royal Netherlands Navy′s Vice Admiral Conrad Helfrich were both senior to him. The Southwest Pacific Force was small; when Carpender assumed command, it consisted of just five cruisers, eight destroyers and 20 submarines. Leary's reluctance to risk his ships, and his habit of communicating directly with King without going through MacArthur's General Headquarters (GHQ) in Brisbane, had aroused the ire of MacArthur. Carpender would soon find himself involved in similar conflicts. In October, Carpender rebuffed a request for the Allied Naval Forces to transport troops to Cape Nelson. Carpender refused as there was no adequate hydrographic survey of that part of the Papuan coast, making it dangerous to sail at night, and movements in the area by day were subject to attack from Japanese aircraft. A survey was conducted in October and lighters and luggers began making their way up the coast to Cape Nelson, escorted on occasion by Royal Australian Navy corvettes. In November 1942, Carpender turned down a similar request from the Commander of Allied Land Forces, General Sir Thomas Blamey, for the Allied Naval Forces to escort some small transports to Oro Bay, as the Imperial Japanese Navy was doing during the Battle of Buna–Gona. However, Carpender subsequently relented somewhat and, starting in December, small ships escorted by corvettes carried out Operation Lilliput to deliver vital supplies to Oro Bay. During the Pacific Military Conference in March 1943, MacArthur's chief of staff, Major General Richard K. Sutherland, spoke to Admiral King and expressed his dissatisfaction with Carpender. On 15 March 1943, the Southwest Pacific Force, known colloquially as "MacArthur’s Navy", became the Seventh Fleet. It remained very small. The Seventh Fleet acquired an amphibious force under the command of Rear Admiral Daniel E. Barbey. This eventually became the VII Amphibious Force, but for some time most of its strength was only on paper, or en route to Australia from the United States. Observing the capabilities of PT boats during his evacuation from the Philippines, MacArthur encouraged their use, although initial results were disappointing. Carpender made effective use of them during the Battle of the Bismarck Sea on 25 March 1943. Carpender oversaw the Seventh Fleet's operations during the early stages of Operation Cartwheel, MacArthur's advance towards the main Japanese base at Rabaul. A crisis arose during the Battle of Finschhafen, when Carpender became reluctant to reinforce the Australian position. As the situation at Finschhafen became increasingly precarious, Lieutenant General Sir Edmund Herring grew frustrated with Carpender's attitude, and appealed to Blamey, who in turn took up the matter with MacArthur. On 29 September 1943, Carpender agreed to use high-speed transports to send an additional battalion to Finschhafen, and the crisis passed. Carpender told Lieutenant General Frank Berryman that he "resented the implication that Uncle Sam's Navy was letting [the Australians] down at Finschhafen." Carpender was replaced by Admiral Thomas C. Kinkaid on 26 November 1943. For his services in the Southwest Pacific, he was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal by MacArthur, and the Legion of Merit by the Navy. He was also appointed an honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire on the recommendation of the Australian government, and a Grand Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau by the Netherlands. He returned to the United States, where he commanded the Ninth Naval District from 3 January 1944 until 31 August 1945, for which he was awarded a second Legion of Merit. Later life Carpender's last naval assignment was as Coordinator of Public Relations in the Office of the Secretary of the Navy from 28 May 1946. He retired from the Navy on 1 November 1946, with a tombstone promotion to the rank of admiral. He lived in retirement in Washington, D.C. until his death on 10 January 1960, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. His papers are held by the New Jersey Historical Society. Notes References . 1884 births 1960 deaths United States Navy personnel of World War I United States Navy World War II admirals Burials at Arlington National Cemetery Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Grand Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau Honorary Commanders of the Order of the British Empire People from New Brunswick, New Jersey Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) Recipients of the Legion of Merit United States Naval Academy alumni United States Navy admirals Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal Military personnel from New Jersey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20S.%20Carpender
TuS Koblenz is a German association football club, located in Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate. Fussball Club Deutschland Neuendorf, which was formed in 1911, is viewed as the foundation of the modern club. History Nazi era (1933–1945) The original club was lost in 1917, but in 1919 the successor side Fussball Verein 1911 Neuendorf was assembled out of the former memberships of FCD, Fussball Club Concordia 1910 Neuendorf, and Fussball Club Alemania 1912 Neuendorf, both of which had folded in 1914. In 1933, FV joined the Gauliga Mittelrhein, one of sixteen top flight divisions established with the re-organization of German football in Nazi Germany that year. The club was immediately relegated, and in 1934 was joined by Turnverein 1864 Neuendorf, Arbeitersportverein Neuendorf and DJK Neuendorf, to create Turn- und Spielvereinigung Neuendorf. Both ASV and DJK were forced into the merger through the policies of the Nazi regime which regarded worker's and church-sponsored clubs as politically undesirable. TuS Neuendorf returned to first division play in 1935 and was in and out of the Gauliga over the next several seasons. In 1941, the Gauliga Mittelrhein was divided into two new divisions: the Gauliga Köln-Aachen and the Gauliga Moselland. TuS again returned to first division football in the Gauliga Moselland (Gruppe Ost) and this time earned much better results, finishing second in 1942 and then winning their group in 1943 and 1944 before decisively taking the division in single game playoffs in each of these seasons. That put the club into the national playoffs, where they were eliminated in the early going in both appearances. As World War II progressed and Allied armies advanced into Germany, the Gauliga Moselland played progressively shorter schedules until the league finally collapsed and did not play the 1944–45 season. Postwar In the immediate post-war period, the club returned to tier I football in the Oberliga Südwest (Gruppe Nord) in 1946 as SpVgg Neuendorf. Resuming their old identity as TuS, they re-appeared in the national playoffs in 1948 even though they had managed only a third-place finish in their division. 1. FC Saarbrücken had taken second place by finishing three points ahead of TuS and so were entitled to a playoff spot. However, Saarbrücken was one of several teams in the French-occupied Saarland which the French were actively working to establish as an independent state or make part of France. This led to Saarland-based German teams being refused permission to play the German national playoffs, and even the participation of a Saarland national side in the 1954 World Cup preliminaries. TuS earned its place that season through politics and advanced as far as the semi-finals before being put out 1–5 by 1. FC Kaiserslautern. The club continued to play well through the early and mid-50s, earning additional turns in the national playoffs in 1950 and 1956, but was once again eliminated in both appearances in the early going. By the end of the decade their performance began to slip and in 1959 they were relegated. They returned to the Oberliga Südwest (I) in 1961 but could not now escape the lower half of the table. Formation of the Bundesliga With the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963, TuS found itself placed in the second division Regionalliga Südwest. In both 1968 and 1969, the club played well enough to participate in the playoff for a Bundesliga spot, but was unsuccessful on both occasions. By the 1970s, they were a third division side, playing in the Amateurliga Rheinland, missing opportunities for promotion to the 2. Bundesliga in playoff rounds in both 1977 and 1978. By 1981, the club had crashed below the third division where they were mired for nearly a decade-and-a-half. TuS Koblenz In 1982, the club adopted the name TuS Koblenz, but the change did little to help their performance, as they lingered in the Verbandsliga Rheinland (V). The fortunes of the club improved with their ascent to the fourth division Oberliga Südwest (IV) in 1994 where they remained for a decade. An Oberliga Südwest championship in 2004 was followed by a quick ascent through the Regionalliga Süd (III) where a second-place finish in 2005–06 earned the club a spot in the 2. Bundesliga. Their 2006–07 campaign ended with TuS finishing ahead of expectations in 12th place, meriting an unexpected stay on the second level. Any hopes of further improvement ended in the late stages of the 2007–08 season when TuS was penalized by the deduction of eight points for not providing contracts for Marko Lomić and Branimir Bajić, turning a potential upper table finish into a lesser result. This was later reduced to six points for the actual season and three points for the following season 2008–09. The club suffered relegation from the 2. Bundesliga in 2009–10 and played for a season in the 3. Liga before withdrawing to the level below for financial reasons. In 2010 the player Michael Stahl scored a goal from 61.5 metres in the DFB-Pokal against Hertha BSC. His goal was elected to ARD Goal Of The Year 2010. After the 2011–12 season in the Regionalliga West TuS became part of the new Regionalliga Südwest for the following year but was relegated from the league in 2015, dropping to the tier five Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar. Koblenz won the Oberliga in 2015–16 and made an immediate return to the Regionalliga, but were relegated again at the end of the 2017–18 season. Honours The club's honours: League Oberliga Südwest (I) Runners-up: 1952, 1953, 1956 2. Oberliga Südwest (II) Runners-up: 1960 Regionalliga Südwest (II) Runners-up: 1968, 1969 Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar (IV) Champions: 2004, 2016 Verbandsliga Rheinland (IV) Champions: 1994 Amateurliga Rheinland (III) Champions: 1977, 1978 Bezirksklasse Rheingau VIII (at this time First League) 1924, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932 Cup Rhineland Cup Winners: 1978, 1979, 2005, 2006, 2017DFB-Pokal semifinal 1953/54 south-west German Cup winners 1954Mittelrheinpokal winners 1946 '''German Championship semifinal Recent managers Recent managers of the club: Recent seasons The recent season-by-season performance of the club: With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier. In 2012 the Oberliga Südwest was renamed Oberliga Rheinland-Pfalz/Saar. In 2012, the number of Regionalligas was increased from three to five with all Regionalliga West clubs from the Saarland and Rhineland-Palatinate entering the new Regionalliga Südwest. 1 TuS Koblenz did not request a license for the 3. Liga and was granted instead a license for the Regionalliga West. Current squad References External links The Abseits Guide to German Soccer TuS Koblenz at Weltfussball.de Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables Football clubs in Germany Football clubs in Rhineland-Palatinate Association football clubs established in 1911 1911 establishments in Germany Sport in Koblenz 2. Bundesliga clubs 3. Liga clubs	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TuS%20Koblenz
SC Pfullendorf is a German sports club based in Pfullendorf, Baden-Württemberg. The 700-member club is best known for its football department, but also has departments for chess, table tennis and ice stock sport, a winter sport similar to curling. History The club was founded on 2 August 1919, as part of the gymnastics club TV Pfullendorf. It became independent in 1921 under the name SC Pfullendorf and was officially registered as a club on 25 February 1924. After World War II was renamed SV Pfullendorf and played eight matches under this name in the 1945–46 season of the amateur Einheitsklasse Bodensee/Schwarzwald league. The club was then disbanded, but promptly reorganized as FC Pfullendorf on 21 September 1946, and re-claimed the name SC Pfullendorf, on 23 June 1950. Throughout the 1950s, 60s and 70s, Pfullendorf competed as a fourth or fifth division side until breaking through to the Amateurliga Südbaden (III) in 1976 on the strength of a championship in the 2nd Amateurliga Südbaden-Süd (IV). The club's first German Cup appearance followed in 1978 when they were put out in the first round by Second Bundesliga side FC Homburg. SCP spent thirteen seasons in third division football between 1976 and 1994, playing largely as a lower table side. Their best result at that level was a fifth-place finish in 1993 in what had become the Amateur Oberliga Baden-Württemberg (III). During this period Pfullendorf made a trio of German Cup appearances. In 1980–81, they beat Blumenthaler SV 2:0 in the first round before going out 0:1 to SV Siegburg in the second round. Their next two turns resulted in early exits from the competition. In 1983–84, they were thrashed 0:7 by Bundesliga side Eintracht Braunschweig, and in 1990–91 lost to 2. Bundesliga club MSV Duisburg. The second half of the 90s was difficult for the club as they slipped to the Verbandsliga Südbaden in 1994 and then spent the next three seasons toiling in the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg (IV). Pfullendorf returned to the Regionalliga Süd for the 1998–99 season where, despite being a tough opponent, they finished in 16th place with a +1 goal differential and appeared headed for relegation. However, division winner Kickers Offenbach played their way into the 2nd Bundesliga leaving room for SCP to stay up. The following season was even more exciting for supporters as the club began winning the close matches it had dropped the year before and rocketed to a second-place finish. This earned an appearance in the promotion round for the second division where they drew 1:1 with LR Ahlen and lost 1:3 to Union Berlin. The next year the club collapsed and was relegated to the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg (IV) after finishing in 17th place. Their fifth German Cup appearance then ended in the first round at the hands of the Bundesliga's SC Freiburg. However, Pfullendorf quickly bounced back to third division play in 2002. After earning a pair of mid-table finishes in the Regionalliga Süd (III), the club has flirted with relegation in its past two campaigns and would have been sent down after a 16th-place result in 2005 if not for 14th-place finisher 1. SC Feucht not seeking a license. The club managed to surprise Bundesliga side Arminia Bielefeld 2–1 in their first round German Cup match up on 10 September 2006 marking the first time Pfullendorf has defeated a professional side in the competition. They were subsequently put out 0–2 by 2nd Bundesliga club Kickers Offenbach in late October. After ten consecutive seasons in the Regionalliga Süd at the end of the 2011–12 season the club was grouped into the new Regionalliga Südwest, which replaced the Regionalliga Süd in the region. SC played at this level for two seasons before being relegated after finishing last in the league in 2014. After finishing 11th in the Oberliga in 2014–15 the club came last in 2015–16 and was relegated to the Verbandsliga. Reserve team The SC Pfullendorf II played in the Verbandsliga Südbaden for seven consecutive season, having reached this league level in 1999 for the first time, but suffered relegation to the Landesliga in 2011. Stadium SC Pfullendorf plays in the Waldstadion an der Kasernenstraße (capacity 10,000). In recent years, the facility has been known under a sponsorship agreement as the Geberit-Arena. Current squad Honours The club's honours: League Regionalliga Süd (III) Runners-up: 2000 Oberliga Baden-Württemberg (IV) Champions: 2002 Verbandsliga Südbaden (IV) Champions: (5) 1980, 1982, 1988, 1990, 1995 Landesliga Südbaden 3 Champions: 2004‡ Cup South Baden Cup (Tiers III-VII) Winners: (5) 1983, 1990, 2006, 2008, 2010 Runners-up: 2007 ‡ Won by reserve team. Recent managers Recent managers of the club: Recent seasons The recent season-by-season performance of the club: SC Pfullendorf SC Pfullendorf II With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier. In 2012, the number of Regionalligas was increased from three to five with all Regionalliga Süd clubs except the Bavarian ones entering the new Regionalliga Südwest. References External links Official website Abseits Guide to German Soccer SC Pfullendorf at Weltfussball.de Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables Football clubs in Germany Football clubs in Baden-Württemberg Association football clubs established in 1919 1919 establishments in Germany Sport in Tübingen (region) Sigmaringen (district)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC%20Pfullendorf
Laine Theatre Arts, sometimes referred to as Laines, is an independent performing arts college, based in the town of Epsom in Surrey, England. The college was founded in 1974 by former professional dancer and dance teacher Betty Laine OBE, and developed from an earlier school, the Frecker-Laine School of Dancing. It provides specialist vocational training in dance and musical theatre. The college prepares students for a professional career in the performing arts. The college is accredited by the Council for Dance Education and Training and it offers Qualifications and Curriculum Authority recognised qualifications validated by the Trinity College London. Key areas of study include singing, acting and dancing. It was rated "Outstanding" by Ofsted in 2016. Overview Laine Theatre Arts provides specialist vocational training at further and higher education level in dance and musical theatre. The college prepares students for a professional career in the performing arts and has a history of feeding artists into West End theatre, dance companies, television, film, pop music and other high-profile areas of the entertainments industry all over the world. Training The college offers four tracks of study, covering vocational, professional training in the performing arts: Level 6 Diploma in Professional Dance validated by Trinity College London Level 6 Diploma in Professional Musical Theatre validated by Trinity College London Laine Theatre Arts Foundation Diploma (1 Year) in Dance and Musical Theatre BA (Hons) Musical Theatre (Unique one year post level 5 Diploma, Top Up Honours Degree. Validated by the University for Creative Arts. Both Diploma courses are accredited by Trinity College London and are recognised by the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority. The college is also accredited to the Council for Dance Education and Training. Many student places at the college are funded by the British Government through the Dance and Drama Awards (DaDA) scheme. The college is also an approved centre of the Imperial Society of Teachers of Dancing. Students have the opportunity to gain nationally recognised dance teaching qualifications with the organisation, in ballet, tap and modern theatre dance. The college stages an annual production at the local 'Epsom Playhouse' theatre. The college also offers evening adult dance classes, for both beginners and the already initiated. Patrons Sir Matthew Bourne Derek Deane David Grindrod Gillian Lynne DBE Stephen Mear Arlene Phillips CBE Stephen Brooker Notable alumni Victoria Beckham Charlie Bruce Karen Bruce Warwick Davis Louise Dearman Louise Ekland Kerry Ellis Jo Gibb Sean Ghazi Sarah Hadland Ruthie Henshall Lee Latchford-Evans Enda Markey Gerard McCarthy Anu Palevaara Dominique Provost-Chalkley Aaron Renfree Ben Richards Leanne Rowe Alex Sawyer Charlie Stemp Summer Strallen Nick Winston References External links Official site Schools of the performing arts in the United Kingdom Drama schools in the United Kingdom Dance schools in the United Kingdom Epsom	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laine%20Theatre%20Arts
A la Ronde is an 18th-century, 16-sided house near Lympstone, Exmouth, Devon, England in the ownership of the National Trust. The house was built for two spinster cousins, Jane and Mary Parminter. It is a Grade I listed building, as are the adjacent Point-In-View chapel, school and almshouses, together with a manse, which were also built by the cousins. The gardens are Grade II listed in the National Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. History The Parminter family, which can be traced back in North Devon as far back as 1600, had acquired considerable wealth as merchants. Jane was the daughter of Barnstaple wine merchant John Parminter who had a business in Lisbon, where she was born in 1750. Jane grew up in London and became guardian to her orphan cousin Mary. On her father's death in 1784, she decided to embark on the Grand Tour accompanied by her invalid sister Elizabeth, her younger orphaned cousin, and a female friend from London. The two cousins became greatly attached to each other and in 1795 decided to set up home together in Devon. They negotiated the purchase of of land near Exmouth. Once their house had been built they lived secluded and somewhat eccentric lives for many years until 1811 when Miss Jane died. The house was completed in about 1796, and its design is supposedly based on the Basilica of San Vitale. It consists of 20 rooms, the ground floor ones radiating out from a high hallway, named "The Octagon", and originally connected by sliding doors. The lower ground floor housed a wine cellar, strong room and kitchen and an upper octagonal gallery housed an intricate hand-crafted Shell Gallery. Between the main rooms were triangular-shaped closets with diamond shaped windows. Much of the internal decoration was produced by the two cousins, whose handicraft skills were excellent. The house also contained many objets d'art brought back by the cousins from their European Tour. The terms of Mary's will specified that the property could be inherited only by "unmarried kinswomen". This condition held firm until in 1886 the house was transferred to the Reverend Oswald Reichel, a brother of one of the former occupants. Reichel, the sole male owner in over two hundred years, was responsible for substantial (but carefully thought out) structural changes. These included the construction of a water tower and laundry room, the installation of a bathroom and central heating, the construction of upstairs bedrooms with dormer windows, the fitting of first-floor windows, a heavy pulley dumb-waiter and speaking tubes, the replacement of the original thatch with roof tiles and the addition of an external catwalk. The last private owner of the property removed all but one of the very large central heating radiators installed by Reichel, and with the purchase of the property by the National Trust in 1991 came the restoration of the wall coverings to the more authentic colours of the time, as well as creating a virtual tour of the delicate Shell Gallery on the uppermost storey of the house to allow observation without risk of damage. The original kitchen and strong room on the lower ground floor now function as office spaces, with a plan to turn these into interpretation and co-creation spaces in the next few years. Designer Family tradition maintains that the house was designed by Miss Jane herself. It is more likely, however, that the plans were drawn up by "a Mr. Lowder" mentioned by a 19th-century writer. Mary's aunt by marriage, also Mary, had a sister Anne Glass, who married a Commander John Lowder, a banker. In 1778 Lowder became a property developer and built Lansdowne Place West in Bath. Commander Lowder, however, had a son, also named John (1781–1829) who practised as a gentleman architect in Bath. Although only 17 years of age when A la Ronde was built, it is entirely feasible that the younger Lowder designed the house. In 1816 he went on to design the unusual Bath and District National School (demolished 1896), a 32-sided building with wedge-shaped classrooms. A la Ronde may reasonably be interpreted as an early prototype for the much larger later project. Point-in-View chapel Although regular attendants at the Glenorchy Chapel in Exmouth, as the two ladies got older they found the journey to worship increasingly difficult, and they evidently also didn't want to make a servant work (by driving them there) on the Sabbath. They therefore decided to commission a chapel on their own estate. Jane Parminter died in 1811, and was buried beneath the chapel, but the work continued and the buildings were completed later that year. Inside the chapel are the words "Some point in view – We all pursue". Surrounding the chapel was a small school for six girls and almshouses for four maiden ladies of at least 50 years of age. There was also accommodation for a minister. The two ladies took a keen interest in the conversion of Jews to Christianity. The deeds for the almshouses expressly stated that any Jewess who had embraced Christianity would have preference over all others as a candidate for a place. An apocryphal story popular among Christian Zionists in the 1800s was that Jane Parminter attached a codicil to her will that the oak trees at A la Ronde "shall remain standing and the hand of man shall not be lifted up against them till Israel returns and is restored to the land of promise." This codicil then inspired Lewis Way to fund and re-invigorate the London Society for Promoting Christianity amongst the Jews; Franz Delitzsch would write a pamphlet in 1877 on the Parminters called "The Oaks of A la Ronde". However, a Society investigation in 1882 determined that no such codicil existed in Jane's will. Despite the codicil not existing, the Parminters may well have been like Way in believing that the conversion of the Jews to Christianity and their restoration to Israel were Biblically ordained prophecies and duties for Christian mission. The connection to the oaks is less clear: the Parminters liked their trees and may have talked about them with Way, or it may have been a belief that the timber from the trees would be used to build ships for the return to the promised land. When Mary Parminter died in 1849, she too was buried beneath the chapel. Regular services are still held at the chapel and a Chaplain still lives in the Manse. Baptisms and weddings also remain part of the pattern of life at Point-in-View. There are also weekly classes based on old traditional art and craft techniques. These classes contribute to 'Parminter Art' a living art museum situated in the chapel. The school closed in 1901. The Chapel and the Manse are listed Grade I and the 3-acre meadow in which they stand is listed Grade II in the National Register of Parks and Gardens. The chapel is open most days and welcomes visitors. At one time, the Trustees met annually and received one guinea for their attendance, as laid down by the Parminters. Gallery References External links A la Ronde information at the National Trust A 360° virtual tour of the Shell Gallery National Trust. National Trust properties in Devon Historic house museums in Devon Gardens in Devon Country houses in Devon Grade I listed houses in Devon Grade II listed parks and gardens in Devon	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20la%20Ronde
SV Wehen Wiesbaden is a German association football club based in Wiesbaden, Hesse. Since the beginning of the 2007–08 season the club has no longer played its home games in Taunusstein, where it was originally located. In the summer of 2007 Wiesbaden was added to the original name of SV Wehen. The club currently competes in the 2. Bundesliga from 2023–24 after promotion from 3. Liga in 2022–23. History Amateur Football (1926–1994) The club was founded under the name of SV Wehen 1926 – Taunusstein in 1926 and disbanded by the Nazi government in 1933, although the football department was maintained by playing occasional friendly matches until 1939. The club re-established itself in 1946, following World War II. They operated both first and reserve teams from the beginning, with their first team competing in local amateur division, the B-Klasse Wiesbaden. The club's first youth team was established in 1955 and they subsequently started to use their own talented young players to strengthen the first team. By the mid-1970s, the youth department was split in ten teams with more than 150 players and a women's team was first established in 1984. Wehen won the Hessenpokal in 1988, 1996 and 2000, which gave them berths in the German Cup in those years. Third Tier and upwards (1994–) In 1994, the third tier of German football underwent a reform which resulted in the elevation of the Regionalliga. Wehen had finished seventh in the Oberliga Hessen in the previous year and thus became a founding member of the Regionalliga Süd. In spite of its relegation in 1995, the club managed to establish itself in the newly-founded league over the next ten years. At the end of the 2006–07 season, Wehen finished first and earned promotion to the 2.Bundesliga. Its first second-tier season saw the club finish eighth and the inauguration of its current home, Brita-Arena. In spite of a berth in the DFB Pokal quarterfinals, Wehen was relegated to the 3. Liga in 2009, which would remain the club's division for the next ten seasons. Wehen achieved a third-place finish at the end of the 2018–19 season and thereby qualified for the promotion playoffs to the 2.Bundesliga against FC Ingolstadt. After a 1–2 defeat in their home game, the team managed to carry a 3–2 victory on Ingolstadt's turf. Advancing on away goals, Wehen was promoted to the 2. Bundesliga for only the second time in club history. However, the club experienced a difficult 2019–20 season and finished in 17th place, fielding the league's worst defence with 65 goals conceded. Along with Dynamo Dresden, Wehen were relegated after just one season in the second tier. On 6 June 2023, Wehen Wiesbaden secured promotion to 2. Bundesliga from 2023–24 after defeatin Arminia Bielefeld on aggregate 6–1 in the promotion/relegation play-off matches and returned to the second tier after three years absence. Honours League Regionalliga Süd (III) Champions: 2007 Oberliga Hessen (IV) Champions: 1997 Landesliga Hessen-Mitte (IV) Champions: 1989 Cup Hesse Cup (Tiers III-VII) Winners: 1988, 1996, 2000, 2011, 2017, 2019, 2021 Runners-up: 1992, 2001, 2003, 2013, 2016 Players Current squad Out on loan Recent managers Recent managers of the club: Recent seasons The recent season-by-season performance of the club: With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier. Key References External links The Abseits Guide to German Soccer SV Wehen Wiesbaden at Weltfussball.de Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables Football clubs in Germany Football clubs in Hesse Association football clubs established in 1926 1926 establishments in Germany Sport in Wiesbaden 2. Bundesliga clubs 3. Liga clubs	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SV%20Wehen%20Wiesbaden
Kroonika (meaning The Chronicle in English) is a popular Estonian magazine which is typically popular with young Estonian persons aged between 13 and 30 years of age. History and profile Kroonika was established in 1996. Its previous publishers were Kroonpress Ltd. and AS Ajakirjade Kirjastus. The magazine is published by in the Estonian language and includes gossip and news on the country's biggest celebrities. It is published weekly on Fridays and is based in Tallinn. Its editor-in-chief is Krista Lensin. Erika Salumäe, an Estonian track bicycle racer and Olympic champion, sued the magazine for publishing damaging and insulting news about her in 2016. In 2018 the publisher, Ekspress Meedia, was ordered by the court to pay Salumäe 9,500 Euros. References External links 1996 establishments in Estonia Celebrity magazines Estonian-language magazines Magazines established in 1996 Magazines published in Estonia Mass media in Tallinn Weekly magazines	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroonika
"All the Madmen" is a song written by David Bowie in 1970 for his album The Man Who Sold the World, released later that year in the US and in April 1971 in the UK. One of several tracks on the album about insanity, it has been described as depicting "a world so bereft of reason that the last sane men are the ones in the asylums". Music and lyrics The track opens with just vocals and acoustic guitar, with the second verse adding cymbals and recorder, creating an atmosphere that Bowie biographer David Buckley called "childlike dementia", before transforming into a heavy rocker featuring distorted chords from the electric guitar played by Mick Ronson, augmented by Moog synthesizer played by Ralph Mace. Later, Ronson plays melodic lead guitar, before a return to heavy riffing and then melodic lead guitar as the song concludes. It ends with the chant "Zane zane zane, ouvre le chien", the latter phrase literally meaning "open the dog" in French. Tanja Stark, citing Bowie's well known interest in esoterica suggests the surrealist phrase "Zane, Zane, Zane", repeated by Bowie on the track "Buddha of Suburbia" is possibly "... a cryptic reference to the esoteric Sword of Zayin (zayin (זין‎) means "sword") a Kabbalah concept associated with the Mezla Lightning Flash of Creation that zigzags from station to station of the mystic Tree of Life conjuring a multitude of associations with Bowie, from Aladdin Sane's iconic 'zigzag' Lightning Flash to Bowie's zigzag drawing of the Tree of Life on the back cover of Station to Station". The production of the song also made use of varispeed vocals, which Bowie had first employed – though only for comic effect – on "The Laughing Gnome" in 1967. Bowie has said that the song was written for and about his half brother, Terry Burns, who had schizophrenia and was an inmate of Cane Hill Hospital (pictured on the original U.S. cover of The Man Who Sold the World) until his suicide in 1985. The lyrics include references to lobotomy, the tranquilizer Librium and EST, or Electroshock Therapy. Release and aftermath The second track on The Man Who Sold the World, "All the Madmen" was released by Mercury Records in edited form as a promo single (featuring the same song on both sides) in the U.S. in December 1970, prior to Bowie's promotional tour there in early 1971. An official release, featuring "Janine" from his previous album David Bowie as the B-side, is thought to have been planned but shelved, and a handful of stock copies (73173) have been found. In June 1973, RCA Records, which had re-released the song's parent album the previous year, issued "All the Madmen" as a single in Eastern Europe, backed with "Soul Love" from The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars. Bowie performed the song live on his 1987 Glass Spider Tour, though it was not included on the video release from the concerts until the Special Edition release on DVD in 2007 (on which it was released as an audio-only track). Along with "After All", from the same album, "All the Madmens "gothic melodrama" has been cited as a significant influence on such bands as Siouxsie and the Banshees, The Cure and Nine Inch Nails. Other releases In addition to being released as a single in Eastern Europe in 1973, the song appeared on the Russian compilation Starman in 1989. In 2015, the promo mono single edit of the song was officially released for the first time, on Re:Call 1, part of the Five Years (1969–1973) compilation. Cover versions Alien Sex Fiend – on Goth Oddity – A Tribute to David Bowie (various artists, 1991), in a remix called "Padded Cell mix" Jeannie Lewis – Till Time Brings Change (1980) Max Lorentz – Kiss You in the Rain – Max Lorentz sings David Bowie (2011) Personnel According to biographer Chris O'Leary: David Bowie – lead vocals, 12-string acoustic guitar Mick Ronson – lead and rhythm guitars, recorders Tony Visconti – bass, recorder, producer Woody Woodmansey – drums Ralph Mace – Moog synthesiser References Sources External links All the Madmen - 2010 review by David Ingle at The BMJ David Bowie: All the Madmen - exclusive listen - at The Daily Telegraph David Bowie songs 1970 songs British hard rock songs Songs written by David Bowie	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20the%20Madmen%20%28song%29
Stanton Airport is a public airport located one mile (1.6 km) east of the central business district (CBD) of Stanton, a city in Powell County, Kentucky, United States. It covers with two runways which see over 2500 planes a year. The airport currently is undergoing renovations and is expected to be completed in 2007, with an additional hangar for three aircraft and an on-site flight school and airframe/mechanic school. Runways Runway 6 - 2780' Asphalt in good condition Runway 24 - 3000' Asphalt in good condition References Airport Master Record (FAA Form 5010), also available as a printable form (PDF) External links Airports in Kentucky Buildings and structures in Powell County, Kentucky Transportation in Powell County, Kentucky	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanton%20Airport
Pearse Wyse (2 March 1923 – 28 April 2009) was an Irish politician, a long-serving member of Fianna Fáil who was later an early member of the Progressive Democrats. He was born in Cork in 1923, son of John Wyse (or Wise), pawnbroker's clerk, and his wife Julia (née Cronin), a native of Macroom. Wyse was educated at Greenmount national school in Cork, and at Cork College of Commerce, where he trained as a bookbinder and paper cutter. He was employed at the Eagle Printing Works, where by the early 1960s he became works manager, and was a longstanding member of the Irish Bookbinders' and Allied Trades Union. He first held political office in 1960 when he was elected to Cork City Council. Five years later he was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil Teachta Dála (TD) and running mate of Jack Lynch at the 1965 general election for the Cork Borough constituency. Following boundary changes, he served as TD for Cork City South-East (1969–1977), Cork City (1977–1981) and Cork South-Central (1981–1992). He retired from national politics at the 1992 general election. Wyse was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance in 1977 on the nomination of Jack Lynch, becoming Minister of State at the Department of Finance in 1978 when the structure of positions were changed. Wyse supported George Colley in the 1979 Fianna Fáil leadership election which was won by Charles Haughey, and he was dropped from the junior ministerial ranks. Wyse opposed Haughey in every leadership challenge from when he assumed the role, becoming a member of the so-called Gang of 22. He was an associate of Desmond O'Malley and by 1985 he was completely disaffected from the party leadership. In early 1986, he joined the Progressive Democrats, founded by O'Malley. He held his seat as a Progressive Democrats TD at the 1987 and 1989 general elections. Wyse's seat was retained by Pat Cox at the 1992 general election. He remained a member of Cork City Council until he retired in 1999, having held his seat for almost forty years. He also served as Lord Mayor of Cork in 1967 and 1974. Wyse died on 28 April 2009 in Cork, aged 81. References 1923 births 2009 deaths Fianna Fáil TDs Members of the 18th Dáil Members of the 19th Dáil Members of the 20th Dáil Members of the 21st Dáil Members of the 22nd Dáil Members of the 23rd Dáil Members of the 24th Dáil Members of the 25th Dáil Members of the 26th Dáil Lord Mayors of Cork Ministers of State of the 21st Dáil Progressive Democrats TDs Progressive Democrats local councillors Fianna Fáil local councillors	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearse%20Wyse
John Hardy Robson (15 April 1899 – 1995) was a Scottish footballer, who played as a goalkeeper. Born in Innerleithen, Tweeddale, Robson played as a goalkeeper despite only standing at 5'8". Robson had served in the First World War with the Seaforth Highlanders; after returning home he played for local side Vale of Leithen. In November 1921, Robson was signed by Arsenal for £5, and initially was the club's third-choice goalkeeper behind Ernest Williamson and Stephen Dunn. With little experience and his lack of height, he was never expected to be thrust into the first team, but after first Williamson and then Dunn suffered poor form, Robson made his debut for Arsenal against Bolton Wanderers on 26 December 1922. Arsenal won 5-0 and Robson kept his place. Robson played for the rest of the 1922–23 season, keeping twelve clean sheets in twenty matches, and he became an ever-present in the Arsenal side for the next season and a half; Arsenal were by no means a top side at this time, flirting dangerously with relegation in 1924 and 1925, but Robson's athletic keeping helped keep them up. However, after Welsh international Dan Lewis joined Arsenal in late 1924, Robson had to share goalkeeping duties with him. Robson started the 1925–26 season as first-choice but after new Arsenal manager Herbert Chapman signed Bill Harper in November 1925, Robson's days at Arsenal were numbered. He made his last first-team appearance in a 5–2 win against Manchester City on 7 November 1925. After spending the rest of the season in the reserves, Robson left Arsenal in August 1926 for Bournemouth & Boscombe Athletic. In all, he played 101 matches for Arsenal. References 1899 births 1995 deaths Scottish men's footballers Men's association football goalkeepers Arsenal F.C. players AFC Bournemouth players Vale of Leithen F.C. players Montrose F.C. players English Football League players Sportspeople from the Scottish Borders Date of death missing Place of death missing	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jock%20Robson
Salahuddin Owaisi (14 February 1931 – 29 September 2008) was an Indian politician belonging to the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen party and active in the Telangana region. He served as the Member of Parliament from Hyderabad for six consecutive terms until his retirement in 2004. Family and background Owaisi's father was Abdul Wahed Owaisi was the president of the All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen till his death. In 1976, Salahuddin Owaisi took over the presidency of the Majlis after his father's death. Owaisi was the father of three sons. His eldest son, Asaduddin Owaisi, succeeded his father as president of the Majlis and has also retained his father's pocket-borough of Hyderabad since 2004 (when Owaisi retired). Owaisi's second son, Akbaruddin Owaisi, is a member of the Telangana Legislative Assembly from the Chandrayangutta Assembly Constituency. Political career Salahuddin Owaisi stepped into politics in 1958 at a very early age and was active when his father was jailed in the same year. Salahuddin Owaisi, also known as "Salar-e-Millat", repeatedly alleged in his speeches that the Indian state had "abandoned" the Muslims to their fate. Therefore, "Muslims should stand on their own feet, rather than look to the State for help", he argued. Owaisi was considered to be the strongest person in Hyderabad politics as his power extended till the borders of Andhra Pradesh. Muslims in the State rallied behind him and he was considered to be the man who could tilt the Muslim vote bank in Andhra Pradesh to whichever Party he felt like supporting. He was considered to be the most prominent Muslim Leader in Hyderabad. Election information To work for the economic development and educational advancement of the minorities; Owaisi established minority Engineering College, Medical College, Pharmacy, Degree College and Colleges for hospital management, MBA, MCA and Nursing, a Co-operative Bank, an Industrial Training Institute, and two Hospitals and Urdu Newspaper Etemaad; evinced keen interest in espousing the cause of promotion and protection of Urdu language, literature and culture. Won in 1960 Hyderabad Corporation Election from Mallepally Won in 1962 Assembly Election for first time from Patthergati constituency Won in 1967 Assembly Election from Yakutpura constituency Won in 1972 Assembly Election from Pathergatti constituency Won in 1978 Assembly Election with 51.98% of votes as an independent in Charminar constituency Won in 1983 Assembly Election with 64.05% of votes as an independent in Charminar constituency Won in 1984 Parliament Election with 38.13% of votes as an independent Hyderabad constituency Won in 1989 Parliament Election with 45.91% of votes for MIM party in Hyderabad constituency Won in 1991 Parliament Election with 46.18% of votes for AIMIM party in Hyderabad constituency Won in 1996 Parliament Election with 34.57% of votes for AIMIM party in Hyderabad constituency Won in 1998 Parliament Election with 44.65% of votes for AIMIM party in Hyderabad constituency Won in 1999 Parliament Election with 41.36% of votes for AIMIM party in Hyderabad Other roles 1985–96—Member, Consultative Committee, Ministry of Home Affairs 1996–97—Member, Committee on Home Affairs 1996–97—Member, Committee on Industry 1996–97—Member, Committee on Finance 1998–99—Member, Committee on Defence References External links Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen Official Website Aligarh Muslim University alumni Indian Muslims 1936 births 2008 deaths India MPs 1998–1999 India MPs 1984–1989 India MPs 1989–1991 India MPs 1991–1996 India MPs 1996–1997 Lok Sabha members from Andhra Pradesh All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen politicians Politicians from Hyderabad, India India MPs 1999–2004	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan%20Salahuddin%20Owaisi
Matthew Claude Mills (born 14 July 1986) is an English retired professional footballer who played as a defender. He spent most of his career in the English EFL Championship, in which he played for Leicester City, Reading, Bolton, Nottingham Forest, Doncaster Rovers and Barnsley. He retired from professional football in 2020. Born in Swindon, Mills started his youth career with the academy of Swindon Town before switching to the Southampton Academy in 1999. He turned professional in 2002 and had loan stints with Coventry City and AFC Bournemouth during his time with Southampton. In 2006, Mills signed with Manchester City. However, his playing time was limited due to injuries. After loan deals with Colchester United and Doncaster Rovers, he signed permanently with the latter in 2008. After one season, Mills joined Reading for a fee believed to be around £2 million. In May 2011, he captained the club in the Championship play-off final defeat against Swansea City, where he also found the net. After rejecting an offer from Wolverhampton Wanderers, Mills signed with Leicester City in the same year and was appointed as the club captain. In 2012, he switched to Bolton Wanderers. Mills finished third in voting for the club's player of the 2014–15 season. He switched to rival Nottingham Forest in 2015. After having spent three seasons with Forest, he joined Barnsley, Pune City and Forest Green Rovers before announcing his retirement from professional football. Mills has been capped at the national youth level and featured eight times for the England under-19. His younger brother Joseph Mills plays for Forest Green Rovers. In February 2009, football pundit and former Leicester City player Steve Claridge described Mills' style of play as that of "an old-fashioned centre-half who relishes the physical side of the game". Club career Southampton Born in Swindon, Wiltshire, Mills started his youth career at Swindon Town in 1999 before joining Southampton at the age of fourteen. Having progressed through the Southampton Academy, and then the reserves, Mills signed his first professional contract with the club in 2002. To gain first team experience, Mills was loaned out to Coventry City for one month on 18 September 2004. On the same day, he made his Coventry City debut, just hours after signing the paperwork for him to play later in the afternoon, in a 0–0 draw against Rotherham United. Mills made three more starts, including scoring an own goal, in a 2–1 loss against Ipswich Town on 3 October 2004, in what turned out to be his last appearance. Mills then returned to his parent club and made four appearances. Coventry City sought to extend his loan period for a second month, but Southampton turned them down. On 21 February 2005, Mills was loaned out again for a month joining AFC Bournemouth. The following day, he made his Bournemouth debut the next day, making his first start and playing 90 minutes, in a 1–1 draw against Torquay United. This was followed up by scoring his first goals, coming against Tranmere Rovers and Swindon Town. His performance and form at the club led them to extend his loan twice, eventually lasting to the end of the 2004–05 season. In the last game of the season, he scored his third goal for the club, in a 4–2 loss against Bradford City. At the end of the 2004–05 season, Mills made twelve appearances and scored three times in all competitions. After his loan spell at Bournemouth came to an end, Mills was among many youngsters to be in the first team squad ahead of the 2005–06 season. However, Mills remained out of the first team for almost half of the season until he finally made his Southampton debut, where he made his first start, in a 3–0 loss against Watford on 26 December 2005. After making three more appearances, Mills' future at Southampton was in doubt, as his contract was set to expire in the summer attracting interest from Manchester City. Manchester City Mills ultimately signed a three-and-a-half-year deal with Manchester City on 31 January 2006. There he linked up again with Manchester City's reserve manager Steve Wigley, who had worked with him during his spell in charge of Southampton's Academy, an opportunity Mills said he could not turn down. Mills was immediately assigned to the club's reserves. However, while playing in the reserves, he suffered an ankle injury that saw him sidelined for weeks. Mills made his Manchester City debut, where he came on as a substitute for Danny Mills in the 84th minute, in a 2–0 loss against Chelsea on 25 March 2006. Two weeks later on 8 April 2006, Mills made his first starts for the club, playing in the right–back position, in a 2–1 loss against Tottenham Hotspur. At the end of the 2005–06 season, he went on to make two appearances for Manchester City. At the start of the 2006–07 season, Mills suffered an ankle injury but then recovered and made his first appearance of the season, in a 4–0 win over Wigan Athletic on 21 October 2006. However, his first team opportunities was limited and was loaned out to Colchester United on a one–month loan on 26 January 2007. He made his debut for the club on 30 January 2007, starting the whole game and keeping a clean sheet, in a 1–0 win over Preston North End. His performance and form at Colchester United led them to extend his loan spell for twice, resulting in him making nine appearances. Mills returned to his parent club on 23 March 2007 after they recalled him. Doncaster Rovers On 17 August 2007, Mills joined Doncaster Rovers on a six-month loan deal, linking up with manager Sean O'Driscoll for the second time in his career. He made his debut for the club on 25 August 2007, where he came on as a substitute in the 83rd minute for Gareth Roberts, in a 2–1 loss against Bournemouth. Mills then scored two goals in two matches for Doncaster Rovers between 29 September 2007 and 2 October 2007 against Cheltenham Town and Walsall. Since joining the club, he quickly became a first team regular for the side for the next seventeen matches, helping Doncaster Rovers keep a total of five clean sheets. On 21 November 2007, Mills had his loan spell at Doncaster Rovers terminated and returned to his parent club after he sustained a knee injury. It was then announced on 14 January 2008 that Mills joined the South Yorkshire club for the second time on a loan deal for the rest of the season. He was part of the starting eleven once again, playing in the centre–back position. Mills helped Doncaster Rovers keep four consecutive clean sheets between 29 January 2008 and 12 February 2008. However, in a match against Huddersfield Town on 5 April 2008, he received a straight red card, as the club drew 2–2. After returning to the starting line–up against Leyton Orient, Mills scored his third goal for Doncaster Rovers in a follow–up match, as the club beat Luton Town on 26 April 2008. He then helped Doncaster Rovers win promotion to the Championship, beating Leeds United at Wembley Stadium in the League One play-off final on 25 May 2008. At the end of the 2007–08 season, Mills went on to make forty–one appearances and scoring three times in all competitions. Mills expressed a desire to join Doncaster Rovers after winning promotion at Wembley, and was expected to sign in the close season. After two months of speculation about his future, and his move to Doncaster Rovers was in doubt after a change of manager at Manchester City, he was eventually unveiled as Doncaster Rovers' record signing when he inked a three-year contract with Doncaster on 30 July 2008. Doncaster Rovers paid £300,000 for his services (the then highest transfer fee paid by the club). Mills' first game after signing for Doncaster Rovers on a permanent basis came in the opening game of the season against Derby County and kept a clean sheet, in a 1–0 win. Following the match, he was named Championship Team of the Week. In a follow–up match against Cardiff City, Mills set up the opening goal of the game, as the club drew 1–1. Since joining Doncaster Rovers, he continued to regain his first team place, playing in the centre–back position. Mills then helped the club keep three consecutive clean sheets between 15 November 2008 and 25 November 2008. However, he was sent–off for a straight red card in the 20th minute, in a 2–1 loss against Crystal Palace on 13 December 2008. After serving a one match suspension, Mills returned to the starting line–up against Nottingham Forest on 26 December 2008, as Doncaster Rovers won 4–2. He, once again, helped the club keep three consecutive clean sheets between 20 January 2009 and 27 January 2009. Despite missing five matches, Mills finished his first full season at Doncaster Rovers, making 45 appearances in the 2008–09 season. For his performance, he was named the club's Player of the Year. In the summer of 2009, Mills attracted the interest of a number of bigger clubs including Birmingham City and Newcastle United. However, on 10 June 2009 Nottingham Forest put in an offer of £2,000,000 for Mills which was rejected by Doncaster Rovers. A later offer from fellow Championship side Reading was accepted, however, and Mills left Doncaster in August 2009. Reading On 5 August 2009, Mills was officially unveiled as a Reading player, signing a three-year contract under manager Brendan Rodgers. The exact transfer fee was undisclosed, however it is believed to be somewhere in the region of £2 million. Mills made his debut for Reading debut, starting the whole game, in a 5–1 win against Burton Albion in the first round of the League Cup. In a follow–up, he made his league debut for the club, starting the whole game, and keeping a clean sheet, in a 0–0 draw against Swansea City on 18 August 2009. Four days later on 22 August 2009, Mills scored his first goal for Reading, in a 3–1 loss against Sheffield United. However, Mills found his first team opportunities limited and was placed on the substitute bench, and for tactical reasons, according to Managers Rodgers. He also found his own injury concern along the way. Nevertheless, Mills' second goal came on 17 October 2009, in a 3–1 loss against West Brom. By January, he soon regained his first team place, dispatching a place from Alex Pearce and Darren O'Dea. Mills' performance was then praised after showing impressive display after helping the club beat Liverpool in the third round replay of the FA Cup on 13 January 2010. However against his former club, Doncaster Rovers on 7 February 2010, he was sent–off in the 80th minute for handball, resulting a penalty to the opposition team, as Reading won 2–1. After serving a one match suspension, Mills returned to the starting line–up against Crystal Palace on 17 February 2010, where he captained the club in the absence of Ívar Ingimarsson, as they won 3–1. Mills captained in a follow–up match against Blackpool, as Reading lost 2–0. After Reading's 1–0 win in March 2010 against Queens Park Rangers, Mills was seen making an apparent obscene gesture to his own supporters, for which he apologised. Manager Brian McDermott attributed his gesturing to passion, saying that Mills' actions would not dampen the player's relationship with his supporters—describing Mills' form as "inspirational". However, he was sent–off for the second time this season, coming against Ipswich Town on 3 April 2010 after a two footed challenge in the 30th minute, as the club lost 2–1. After serving a four match ban, Mills returned to the starting line–up and resumed his captaincy against Watford, as Reading lost 4–0 on 24 April 2010. In the absence of Ingimarsson, he captained the club in the remaining matches of the season. Mills appeared in 30 matches and scored two goals in all competitions for Reading during the 2009–10 season. Ahead of the 2010–11 season, Mills announced his intention that he would be focusing on his fitness instead of being Reading captain. However, Mills eventually continued to remain as the club's captain in the absence of Ingimarsson. During a 2–1 loss against Scunthorpe United in the opening game of the season, he suffered an ankle injury that saw him miss one match. After returning to the starting line–up against Nottingham Forest on 21 August 2010, Mills scored twice in the League Cup 2nd Round 3–3 draw against Northampton Town. This was followed up by scoring the winner in a 2–1 win away at Leicester City just three days later where he also made a last-ditch goal line clearance, ensuring the Man of the Match award. Since returning from ankle injury, he continued to be in a first team regular, playing in the centre–back position for the side throughout the 2010–11 season. Mills was then sent–off for a second bookable offence, in a 1–0 win against Ipswich Town on 28 September 2010. On 30 October 2010, he scored his fourth goal of the season, coming against his former club, Doncaster Rovers, in a 4–3 win. It wasn't until on 1 March 2011 when Mills scored the winning goal against Everton in a 1–0 victory to take Reading through to the FA Cup Quarter-finals. In a follow–up match against Ispwich Town, he suffered a groin injury in the 16th minute and was substituted, as the club won 3–1. Following the match, it was announced that Mills was out for a month. He previously was sidelined on two occasions prior to suffering a groin injury. It wasn't until on 12 April 2011 when Mills returned to the starting line–up against Scunthorpe United and helped Reading keep a clean sheet, winning 2–0. Following his return, he helped the club go on a surging run, resulting in them qualifying for the playoffs. Mills played in both legs of the play–offs against Cardiff City, as Reading won 3–0 to reach the finals. On 30 May 2011, in the Championship play-off final against Swansea City, he captained the Royals and scored a header from a corner kick on 57 minutes and got booked in their 4–2 defeat at Wembley Stadium. Mills went on to make forty–five appearances and scoring six times in all competitions in the 2010–11 season. Ahead of the 2011–12 season, it was expected that Mills was becoming Reading captain. However, he was linked a move away from the club, with Bolton Wanderers, Stoke City and Wolverhampton Wanderers wanted to sign him. But Mills was keen on staying at the club. On 1 July 2011, however, it was expected that he would be leaving Reading after both parties failed to agree on a new contract. Leicester City On 7 July 2011, Mills signed a four-year contract with Leicester City which would earn him £25,000 every week (£1.3m/year) for an undisclosed fee and was later confirmed as club captain for the 2011–12 season, reuniting with his former Manchester City manager, Sven-Göran Eriksson. He had rejected an offer from Premier League club Wolverhampton Wanderers to join Leicester. Describing him as a "solid centre half," Ian Stringer of BBC Radio Leicester selected him as the club's key player for the 2011–12 season. Mills made his league debut for Leicester City, captaining the side, as they won 1–0 over Coventry City at the Ricoh Arena on 6 August 2011. He since captained the club in a number of matches, as well as, establishing himself in the starting eleven. Mills then helped Leicester City keep four consecutive clean sheets between 17 September 2011 and 1 October 2011. In a follow–up match on 16 October 2011, however, he was sent off in the 55th minute of a 2–0 defeat at Birmingham City for a two-footed tackle on Morgaro Gomis. After serving a three match ban, Mills returned to the starting line–up against Burnley, as the club won 3–1 on 1 November 2011. Six weeks after his first red card for Leicester City, he was sent–off for the second time for a professional foul on Aaron McLean, in a 2–1 loss against Hull City on 3 December 2011. After serving a two match suspension, Mills returned to the starting line–up against Ipswich Town on 26 December 2011, as the club drew 2–2. He scored his only goal for Leicester City in a 2–0 win over Southampton at St Mary's Stadium on 24 January 2012. In February 2012, reports surfaced of an alleged bust up with new manager Nigel Pearson, which Mills denied. He then lost the captaincy and was relegated to training with the club's youth academy. He did not travel for the 1–0 victory against Derby County on 23 February 2012, which prompted questions over his future at the club. Mills was later informed by phone that he was allowed to leave Leicester. But, despite being linked with league rivals Leeds United and West Ham United, Mills refused to leave on loan as it would have been "very disrespectful for the fans". Though this move away from the club did not materialise, he never played for Leicester again and went on to score once in thirty–one appearances in all competitions. Bolton Wanderers On 4 July 2012, Mills signed a three-year contract with Bolton Wanderers for an undisclosed fee. On joining the club, he said: "This deal has worked out perfectly for me, mainly because Bolton are a fantastic club. Speaking to the manager, I have got the vibe of what the place and club is about and the ambitions of getting back into the Premier League." Upon joining Bolton Wanderers, Mills was given the number four shirt for the new 2012–13 season, Mills made his debut for the club in a 2–0 home victory over Derby County on 21 August. He scored his first goal on 15 September, in a 2–1 win against Watford. Since joining Bolton Wanderers, Mills quickly became a first team regular, playing in the centre–back position. However, he picked up an upper thigh injury and was substituted in the 85th minute, as the club drew 2–2 against Huddersfield Town on 8 December 2012. Initially out for two to three weeks, Mills was sidelined for four to five months. It wasn't until on 2 April 2013 when he made his first appearance for the club, coming on as a 90th-minute substitute for goal scorer Chris Eagles to ensure a 1–0 victory against Huddersfield Town. Following his return, Mills, however, was unable to reclaim his starting position due to the form of Craig Dawson, Tim Ream and Zat Knight who had each occupied the centre-back position in his absence. At the end of the 2012–13 season, he went on to make twenty–one appearances and scoring once in all competitions. In July 2013, after Mills was linked with a move to Leeds United to reunite with his former Reading manager Brian McDermott, Bolton manager Dougie Freedman confirmed that Leeds had made an inquiry about Mills' availability. Freedman stated that he would like Mills to stay at the club, but if Mills wanted to leave he would let him go provided the right offer came in. At the start of the 2013–14 season, Mills made his return to the first team in the second round of League Cup against Tranmere Rovers and was one of the two players to convert the penalty successfully, as Bolton Wanderers lost 4–2 in the penalty shoot-out after playing 120 minutes. Since making his return to the first team, Mills won his place back in the side and partnered either David Wheater and Tim Ream. His pairing in the central defence with Ream and Wheater was praised by Manager Freedman. During a 3–2 loss against Wigan Athletic on 15 December 2013, he was penalised for handball that saw the opposition team successfully converted the penalty. After the match, Manager Freedman criticised the referee over the handball decision, while Mills was critical of the decision, saying: "The ball came over my head and I'm facing my own goal, I got a push in my back and the referee gave a corner. All of a sudden I see he has given a penalty because the linesman on the other side of the pitch has seen the ball intentionally hit my hand. I haven't got eyes in the back of my head but how does he change his mind? I'm gutted for the fans, obviously." It wasn't until on 11 January 2014 when he scored his first goal for the club, in a 1–1 draw against Nottingham Forest. However, Mills was sidelined when he suffered a minor knee problem during a match against Watford on 22 February 2014. After being sidelined for a month, Mills made his first team return, where he assisted Jermaine Beckford to score the only goal in the game, in a 1–0 win over Barnsley on 12 April 2014. He later finished the 2013–14 season, making 35 appearances and scoring once in all competitions. Ahead of the 2014–15 season, Mills was named as Bolton Wanderers' vice-captain to Jay Spearing. He continued to establish himself in the starting line–up, forming a centre–back partnership with Ream and Dorian Dervite. Mills scored his first goal of the season on 23 August 2014, in a 2–1 loss against Brighton & Hove Albion. Three days later on 26 August 2014, he captained the club for the first time this season, starting the whole game, and helped the side play 120 minutes, as they won 3–2. Once again, Mills captained Bolton Wanderers for the second time against Chelsea in the second round of the League Cup and scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–1 loss. He then scored the only goal in the game, in a 1–0 win over Birmingham City on 18 October 2014. In the absence of Spearing following his injury, Mills played his first match as captain in the league and scored in a 3–0 win over Cardiff City on 4 November 2014. Following this, he was given the captaincy for the next two months, as the club have been battling in the relegation zone. During which, Mills helped Bolton Wanderers keep four consecutive clean sheets between 29 November 2014 and 19 December 2014. It wasn't until on 27 January 2015 when he scored and set up a goal for Liam Trotter, in a 4–2 loss against Rotherham United. A week later on 4 February 2015, Mills played as a striker following the club's emergency crisis against Liverpool, as they lost 2–1. However, he suffered an injury that saw him sidelined for weeks. It wasn't until on 21 February 2015 when Mills returned to the starting line–up against Nottingham Forest, only to be sent–off for a second bookable offence, in a 4–1 loss and served a one match suspension. Following his return, he continued captaining Bolton Wanderers for nine matches. However, Mills suffered two separate injuries that saw him sidelined for the rest of the 2014–15 season. Mills finished the 2014–15 season, making forty–one appearances and scoring five times in all competitions. Following this, he finished third with 17 per cent behind Josh Vela and Ream in voting for Bolton's Player of the Season. Despite being offered a new contract by Manager Neil Lennon, Mills, however, were among thirteen players to be released by the club in May 2015. His release was explained as part of the club's cut costing measures. Nottingham Forest On 1 July 2015, Mills signed for Nottingham Forest as a free agent, re-uniting with former Bolton manager Dougie Freedman in the process. On joining the club, he was given the number five shirt ahead of the new season. Mills made his Nottingham Forest debut in the opening game of the season, in a 1–0 loss against Brighton & Hove Albion. He then captained his first match as the club's player, following Henri Lansbury's injury, on 29 August 2015, in a 2–1 loss against Cardiff City. Following his debut, Mills started each of Nottingham Forest's first eight matches of the season, scoring twice, before an injury sustained shortly after equalizing against Middlesbrough on 19 September 2015, forcing him to miss the club's next away match Huddersfield Town. He returned to the starting eleven in Nottingham Forest's next game at home to Hull City on 3 October 2015, but received a straight red card from referee Nigel Miller in the 87th minute of the game following an aerial challenge with Hull's on-loan Arsenal striker Chuba Akpom, as the club lost the game 1–0. After serving a three match suspension, he returned to the starting line–up as captain against Sheffield Wednesday on 31 October 2015, as Nottingham Forest lost 1–0. Since returning to the first team, Mills regained his first team place, playing in the centre–back position and resumed his captain duties in the absence of Chris Cohen and Andy Reid. On 5 December 2015, he scored twice in a 3–0 defeat of Fulham, with a third headed effort in injury time hitting the crossbar. Following his performance, Mills was named Team of the Week. Having played an integral role in an unbeaten December for the club, he was nominated for the SkyBet Championship Player of the Month Award on 7 January 2016, but lost out to Adam Clayton. Five days later on 12 January 2016, just after the announcement, he scored his fifth goal of the season, in a 1–1 draw against Birmingham City. Mills followed up with the next four matches by helping the club keep four consecutive clean sheets between 16 January 2016 and 6 February 2016. In his first season at Nottingham Forest, he made forty-two appearances and scoring five times in all competitions. Mills made his first appearance of the 2016–17 season in Forest's opening match—a 4–3 defeat of Burton Albion under the new management of Philippe Montanier. He continued to regain his first team place, playing in the centre–back position. It wasn't until on 14 September 2016 when Mills scored his first goal of the season in a 2–2 draw against Rotherham United. One month later, he was red-carded in a 3–1 defeat against Newcastle United. Manager Montanier said that the fourth official had exaggerated the decision. After the match, Mills served a one match suspension. Mills was previously sidelined due to injury, suspension and tactical change earlier in the 2016–17 season. After the departure of Montanier, and the sale of regular captain Henri Lansbury, Mills was installed as captain by caretaker manager Gary Brazil, having previously captained six out of the seven last matches for Nottingham Forest. However, he only lasted fifty-five minutes in Brazil's first game, being substituted after a groin injury that was later reported would sideline him for two months. It wasn't until on 4 April 2017 when Mills returned to the starting line–up against Wolverhampton Wanderers, starting the whole game, in a 1–0 loss. However, his return was short–lived when he suffered a knock during a match against Blackburn Rovers on 14 April 2017 and was substituted as a result and missed two matches as a result. It wasn't until on 29 April 2017 when Mills returned to the starting line–up against Queens Park Rangers, coming on as a 62nd-minute substitute, as the club lost 2–0. At the end of the 2016–17 season, he went on to make thirty appearances and scoring once in all competitions. At the start of the 2017–18 season, Mills continued to regain his first team place for the side, playing in the centre–back position. Following the absence of Michael Mancienne, he captained Nottingham Forest for the first time in the 2017–18 season, starting the whole game, in a 2–1 win against Middlesbrough on 19 August 2017. Mills went on to captain five matches for the club in the next six matches. This lasted until he was sidelined for one match, due to suspension. After serving a one match suspension, Mills found himself out of the starting line–up for the next two months, being placed on the substitute bench and only made one appearances between those time. It wasn't until on 9 December 2017 when he made his first start for Nottingham Forest, starting the whole game, in a 3–2 win against Bolton Wanderers. However, his return was short–lived when Mills suffered a back injury that saw him substituted at half time, in a 2–1 loss against Bristol City on 16 December 2017. It wasn't until on 7 January 2018 when he returned to the first team from injury, coming on as a late substitute, in a 4–2 win against Arsenal in the third round of the FA Cup. However, Mills was told by new Manager Aitor Karanka that he can leave Nottingham Forest after being deemed surplus of requirements. On 31 January 2018, Mills terminated his contract with the club by mutual agreement. By the time he left Nottingham Forest, he went on to make fifteen appearances in all competitions. Barnsley On 31 January 2018, Mills signed with Barnsley for the remainder of the season. Three days later, he made his debut for the club, starting the whole game, in a 1–0 defeat against Queens Park Rangers. After making two more starts for Barnsley, Mills, however, was sidelined for a month with ankle injury. It wasn't until on 21 April 2018 when he returned to the starting line–up against Leeds United, as the club lost 2–1. Following this, Mills was involved in Barnsley's first team, as they were relegated from the EFL Championship. At the end of the 2017–18 season, he went on to make four appearances for the side. Following this, Mills was released by Barnsley at the end of the 2017–18 season. Pune City On 21 August 2018, Mills joined Indian Super League club Pune City. He made his debut for the club, starting the whole game, in a 1–1 draw against Delhi Dynamos in the opening game of the season. It wasn't until on 21 November 2018 when he scored his first goal for the club, in a 2–1 win against Jamshedpur. Mills then captained twice for Pune City, coming against Kerala Blasters and Goa on 7 December 2018 and 11 December 2018. However, he suffered a calf injury that saw him out for weeks. It wasn't until on 20 February 2019 when Mills returned to the first team, coming on as a 61st-minute substitute, in a 1–1 draw against NorthEast United. Having established himself in the centre–back position, he went on to make seventeen appearances in all competitions. Forest Green Rovers On 31 May 2019, League Two club Forest Green Rovers announced that they had signed Mills as a player-coach in advance of the 2019–20 season. Upon joining the club, he was able to link up with his younger brother, Joseph and was given a number shirt. Mills made his Forest Green Rovers debut, starting the whole game, and helped the club keep a clean sheet, in a 1–0 win against Oldham Athletic in the opening game of the season. He then started in the next five matches for Forest Green Rovers before being sent–off for a second bookable offence against Bradford City on 24 August 2019 and then suffered a hamstring injury during a 2–0 loss against Newport County on 31 August 2019. After being sidelined for weeks, it wasn't until on 28 September 2019 when Mills returned to the starting line–up against Salford City and kept a clean sheet, as the club won 4–0. However, his return was short–lived when he suffered a hamstring injury in the 10th minute and was substituted, as Forest Green Rovers won 3–1 against Crawley Town on 5 October 2019. It wasn't until on 12 November 2019 when Mills returned to the starting line–up against Walsall, captaining the club, as they lost 6–0. Following this, he regained his first team place, playing in the centre–back position. However, Mills soon lost his first team place and was demoted to the substitute bench. This lasted until the season came to a premature end due to the global pandemic COVID-19. At the end of the 2019–20 season, he went on to make twenty–one appearances in all competitions. Following this, Mills was released by Forest Green Rovers when his contract expired. He then announced his retirement from playing professional football in July 2020. International career Mills was called–up by the England under-19 level and helped the side qualify for the European Under-19 Championship in March 2005. Mills helped the national side to the final, which they lost to the France under-19s. He made a total of eight appearances for the team between 2004 and 2005. Personal life Born in Swindon, England, Mills and his family lived just 10 minutes from the town's County Ground until he left when he was 14. He was educated at Bradon Forest Secondary School in Purton, near Swindon. Mills' youngest brother, Joseph, was a trainee at Southampton. He now plays for Forest Green Rovers, where he was joined by Matt in May 2019. His other brothers, Jon-Paul and Jamie both play for Hellenic Football League side Witney United. The former Hollyoaks and Prisoners' Wives actress Emma Rigby was formerly Mills' girlfriend. In 2014, he married Jade Elliott, daughter of former Leicester City and Scotland defender Matt Elliott, and together they have two daughters, Lyla and Aria. Career statistics Honours Doncaster Rovers Football League One play-offs: 2008 Individual Doncaster Rovers Player of the Year 2008–09 References External links Matthew Mills profile at Reading F.C. 1986 births Living people Footballers from Swindon English men's footballers England men's youth international footballers Men's association football defenders Southampton F.C. players Coventry City F.C. players AFC Bournemouth players Manchester City F.C. players Colchester United F.C. players Doncaster Rovers F.C. players Reading F.C. players Leicester City F.C. players Bolton Wanderers F.C. players Nottingham Forest F.C. players Barnsley F.C. players Forest Green Rovers F.C. players English Football League players Indian Super League players FC Pune City players Association football coaches Forest Green Rovers F.C. non-playing staff English expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in India English expatriate sportspeople in India	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%20Mills
The Webster Central School District is a public school district in New York State that serves approximately 8,800 students in the town and village of Webster and portions of Penfield in Monroe County and portions of Ontario and Walworth in Wayne County with about 1,350 employees and an operating budget of $140.6 million (~$15,964 per student). The average class size is 20 for grades K–2, 21 for grades 3–5, and 26 for grades 6–8, and 25 for grades 9–12. Brian Neenan is the Superintendent of Schools. Curriculum Webster Central School District's curriculum includes an Advanced Placement program where students are offered a variety of courses for secondary students in which they may receive college credit. Students also have the option to enroll in numerous dual credit courses available through the district's partnership with Monroe Community College, the Rochester Institute of Technology and the College Level Examination Program (CLEP). These opportunities aim to allow students to save money in their future endeavors of pursuing higher level collegiate education. Webster Central School District's students have the opportunity to enhance their learning through the 1:1 student device initiative, Transforming Learning Through Technology. Through this initiative, students have access to their own electronic device, either a Dell Chromebook or iPad. The district strives to combine technology savvy learning. The program also offers students the opportunity to work as customer service and technology repair representatives for their peers as part of the Webster Technical Internship program. Students may also receive certification from Dell as part of their training. Fine Arts Beginning in kindergarten, students participate in an outstanding music and fine arts curriculum. The National Association of Music Merchants Foundation honors the Webster Central School District as one of the Best Communities for Music Education in the United States.Secondary- level students have the opportunity to perform in yearly theater productions as well. Athletics Secondary-level student athletes may choose from a broad range of nearly 20 different interscholastic sports in which they may participate at the modified, junior varsity and varsity levels. Webster Central School District's varsity level student athletes regularly achieve New York State's Scholar Athlete recognition that requires a team GPA of 90% or higher. Student athletes participate in special presentations about social media use and drug abuse as well. Organization The Board of Education (BOE) consists of 6 members who reside in the Webster School District. Members serve rotating 3-year terms. Elections are held each May for board members and to vote on the School District Budget. Current board members are: Mike Suffoletto: President Sue Casey: Vice President Ann Carmody Linda Dioguardi Mike Dedee Tammy Gurowski Mike Gustin Schools Elementary schools DeWitt Road Elementary School, built in 1962, is a two-story elementary (K-5) school serving approximately 500 students. The school is back to back with the retired Bay Road School. The principal is Mark Schichtel. Klem North Elementary School, built in 1965, is a one-story elementary (K-5) building, across from Klem South Elementary School, that serves approximately 500 students. The principal is Laura Ballou. Klem South Elementary School, built in 1971, is a one-story elementary (K-5) building, across from Klem North Elementary School, that serves approximately 500 students. The principal is Martha End. Plank Road North Elementary School, built in 1968, is a one-story elementary (K-5) building composed of 3 wings, across from Plank Road South Elementary School, and serves approximately 500 students. The Principal is Craig Bodensteiner. Plank Road South Elementary School, built in 1970, is a one-story elementary (K-5) building, across from Plank Road North Elementary School, and serves approximately 500 students. The principal is Jennifer Sullivan. Schlegel Road Elementary School, built in 1972, is a one-story elementary (K-5) building that offers 27 full-sized classrooms and serves approximately 500 students. The principal is Kate Hesla. State Road Elementary School, built in 1963, is a one-story elementary (K-5) building with two main wings that serve approximately 500 students. The principal is Christine Noeth-Abele. Secondary schools Willink Middle School, the district's newest school (built in 2001) is a 6-8 school serving approximately 1,000 students every day. The building is split up into three halls, or houses: Red, Green and Blue. The school offers cafeteria and gymnasium facilities. The principal is Brian Powers. Spry Middle School, located in the Village of Webster, serves approximately 1,000 students in the district's oldest building, originally opened in 1928 as Webster High School. It is split up into three houses: Red, White, and Blue. The principal is James Baehr. Webster Thomas High School, located down the road from Willink Middle School, is a 9-12 school that has served approximately 2,069 students every day since its opening in 1960. The school features an auditorium and more recently constructed sports facilities. The school team is the Thomas Titans. The principal is Glenn Widor. Webster Schroeder High School was constructed in 1968 and serves approximately 2,000 students each day. With a new Aquatics Center, it is the district's largest building. The school team is the Webster Warriors. The principal is Paul Benz. References External links School districts in New York (state) Education in Monroe County, New York School districts established in 1948	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webster%20Central%20School%20District
Ronald Richter (1909–1991) was an Austrian-born German, later Argentine citizen, scientist who became infamous in connection with the Argentine Huemul Project and the National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA). The project was intended to generate energy from nuclear fusion in the 1950s, during the presidency of Juan Perón. Richter's project would deliver, according to Perón's 1951 announcements, cheap energy in half-litre and one-litre containers. Nationality Richter was born in Falkenau an der Eger (in Czech Falknov nad Ohří renamed Sokolov in 1948), Bohemia (now Czech Republic) while it was part of the Austrian empire. Richter was of German origin. He was naturalized as an Argentine citizen in the early 1950s; President of Argentina Juan Perón overrode Argentine law to enable this. Education Richter attended the German University of Prague, graduating in 1935. Sources provide variant narratives about his studies as a doctoral candidate. According to Gambini, Richter was awarded a doctorate in natural sciences in 1955. However, another source claims that he was not awarded a doctoral degree because he had misinterpreted his research results. He had concluded that he had discovered delta rays being emitted by the earth, but in fact he had been detecting X-rays scattered by the ground. According to his recollection, Santos Mayo had personally heard Richard Gans say: Kurt Sitte's recollections of Richter's research under Prof. Furth differed. He recalled: Career Europe Richter worked in Germany, England and France. In preparing his dissertation for a doctorate from the University of Prague, Richter worked at Falkenau Chemiewerke in his home town of Falkenau an der Eger (now known as Sokolov) in the Czech Republic. There he went to work with electric arc furnaces looking to develop accurate methods for measurement and control of temperatures. Richter discovered that the injection of heavy hydrogen (deuterium) caused a nuclear reaction which he could measure and gauge with Geiger counters. During World War II Richter worked in Germany with Professor Max Steenbeck and Professor Manfred von Ardenne on a particle accelerator which after the war, the Soviets copied and coined the term Tokamak. Following the end of World War II, his only known jobs were a six-month stint working on explosives and a few commercial contracts. He met the aeronautical engineer Kurt Tank in London; Tank later emigrated to Argentina, hired by Perón's government under the pseudonym of Pedro Matthies. Argentina On the recommendation of Kurt Tank in 1947, Richter was invited to Argentina to develop a nuclear program for General Juan Perón. He learned that a German Tokamak had been smuggled to Argentina and Perón desperately needed an expert able to bring the device back to life. Richter brought knowledge of sophisticated Nazi particle accelerator technology and was received by the German industrialist and ex-Nazi spy August Siebrecht. Siebrecht took Richter to Córdoba, where Tank was developing aircraft. Tank was interested in Richter's proposal to use nuclear energy for aircraft propulsion. Richter continued to address Tank as Prof. Dr. Pedro Matthies in his correspondence about the Huemul Project. In 1949 Perón hired Richter, who had convinced him that he could produce controlled nuclear fusion using cheap materials in a process that could supply enormous quantities of cheap energy, a program that eventually became known as the Huemul Project. Perón's reasons for backing Richter were in line with the ideology of modernization underlying his concept of the "New Argentina"; he was not interested in the military applications of atomic energy, but saw it as a way to expand iron and steel production. Perón believed that any project undertaken by a Nazi German scientist was bound to be successful. Due to his political disagreements with Argentine scientists of stature, such as Enrique Gaviola, Perón was reluctant to seek their advice on Richter's proposal, and he gave Richter carte blanche and appointed him as his personal representative in the Bariloche area. The total cost of the project was estimated at US$300 million (2003 value). In 1951 Richter announced that he had achieved controlled nuclear fusion under laboratory conditions, a claim later proven false: it transpired that Richer had simply exploded hydrogen in an electric arc. After it became evident that Richter's project was spurious, Perón appointed a technical committee which included José Balseiro, a former faculty member at the La Plata Institute of Physics, which was to report directly to him whether Richter's project should be discontinued. The committee analyzed Richter's work and concluded that the actual temperature reached in his experiments was far too low to produce a true thermonuclear reaction. They reported their findings to Perón in September 1952; soon after that project was terminated. After the termination of the project, Richter appears to have spent periods of time abroad, including some time in Libya. Eventually he returned to Argentina, where he died in 1991; a short announcement of his death appeared in an obituary published by Microsemanario. Project Huemul: reactions and aftermath On 24 March 1951 Perón announced to the international press "Argentina Produces Atomic Energy", and later decorated Richter with the Peronista Medal. Following international publicity and claims, scientists in Britain were hesitant to accept the claims of the unknown Richter without corroboration. In the US, the press discounted reports of Richter's work, but secretly the government started funding two projects, Sherwood and Matterhorn. An intelligence assessment by the US, later declassified, stated that he could possibly be a "mad genius [...], thinking in the year 1970." However, it soon became evident that the claims were spurious, and interest dried up. After Perón was deposed, the new government investigated Richter regarding 1,000 million Argentine pesos (about £25 million at the time) allocated to the project and unaccounted for, and arrested him. Nothing further was heard about him. Secret British government documents declassified under the 30-year rule in 1983 report that Perón had contemplated invading the Falkland Islands in 1951, possibly due to his confidence that Argentina would be the first country to exploit atomic energy for industrial purposes. Biographical publications The following are quotations from books and articles published by journalists, biographers, physicists, and historians, with sources below: From Eva Perón (Alicia Dujovne Ortiz, 1996): From Juan G. Roederer (2003): Richter, The Opera: A Musical Documentary Ronald Richter inspired an opera, Richter: Ópera Documental de Cámara, by Mario Lorenzo and Esteban Buch, with references to the spectacular experiments. It has been performed both in Argentina (Teatro Colón) and in France (Théâtre Paris-Villette). The plot develops poetically framed between the ever-present Patagonian winds of the roaring forties and the recurrent breaking of the waves of the lake on the shores of the island... until the peace is shattered by German utterances and acoustic bangs. Summary and critique. Casullo, Eduardo. La Aventura de la Isla de la Mula: Richter. Spectacles. Richter: Opéra documentaire de Mario Lorenzo. Notes References Alemann, Peter (1955). Esto Es, last week of October 1955. Confalonieri, Orestes D. (1956). Peron contra Peron, Editorial Antygua, Buenos Aires. Eloy Martínez, Tomas (1996). Las Memorias del General. Editorial Planeta, Buenos Aires. . See translated excerpt, below. Extensive discussion in Chapter 10. 1909 births 1991 deaths People from Sokolov German Bohemian people Austrian scientists Naturalized citizens of Argentina Austrian emigrants to Argentina Argentine nuclear physicists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Richter
Succedent house is an astrological term for the houses that follow (i.e., succeed) the angular houses in an Astrological chart. “Succedent” derives from the Latin succedens meaning "subsequent" or "succeeding". Since the angular houses are the first, fourth, seventh and tenth houses, the succedent houses are the second, fifth, eighth, and eleventh houses. Succedent houses Because the angular houses are the most powerful places in the chart (Lilly says "Planets in angles do more forcibly show their effects"), succedent houses—which are less powerful than the angular but more powerful than the cadent houses—also have a quality of appertaining to the angular houses, much as a representative or underling of a powerful person. In this way, the second house, for example, which succeeds the first house of the body and personality, tends to signify the things that belong to the person. In a similar fashion, the eighth house, which follows the seventh house of the partner or spouse or “other person,” represents the belongings of the other person or partner. Succedent houses, as a whole, have a stable, unchanging, fixed quality, deriving from their central position in each quadrant of the chart. Although at least one succedent house has a decidedly malefic (or unfortunate) connotation (the eighth house), and one is rather weak (the second), on the whole, these are productive houses in which matters normally take root and flourish, such as possessions (the second house) or children (the fifth house.) Second house The second house signifies the possessions of the person or event for which the chart was cast. This meaning has persisted unchanged for several thousand years. Although some modern astrologers (those using the idea of "natural houses," which is explained more fully in cadent house) perceive a correspondence of the second house with the sign Taurus, traditional astrologers did not make such a connection. To Hellenistic astrologers, the second house was the "Gate of Hades," referring to the fact that the second house leads the way to the houses that lie beneath the horizon of the chart (that is, the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth houses.) This may account for the house's somewhat weak reputation, although it is not considered specifically malefic. No planet has any particular dignity here. Fifth house The fifth house has signified children for several thousand years. As with the second, that primary connotation has continued into the present day. Modern astrologers sometimes also connect this house with sexual relationships and also with artistic, as well as biological, creativity. For the ancients, this was the "House of Good Fortune," and quite a positive and beneficial one. For that reason, ancient and medieval astrologers believed the fortunate planet Venus "joyed" in the fifth house—that is, that she was particularly dignified, or powerful here. However, as Crane says, "in spite of this house being the joy of Venus, pleasures and sensual enjoyments were not emphasized until later" than the Hellenistic era. For some 20th-century practitioners, the fifth house corresponds by the idea of "natural houses" to Leo, but there is no intimation of the Sun's influence here in the traditional literature. Eighth house The eighth is the one unfortunate house in the succedent group. This connotation derives from the lack of relationship of the eighth house with the house of the Ascendant. Because there is no astrological aspect with the Ascendant, the eighth house cannot "see" the Ascendant from its position. For this reason it has a rather tenuous relationship with the health and power of the first house. Therefore, it was called "Idle," a term reflecting its relative lack of active power within the circle of the houses. It was from this that its traditional connection with Death was established, since the first house is the house of health and vitality. Indeed, modern astrologers—and also Lilly --often call the eighth the "House of Death." Not all connections with death are negative; the eighth is also the house of inheritances resulting from death. Also, according to Paulus Alexandrinus, it "show[s] those who profit from deadly motives." Some modern astrologers see elements of spirituality here, since the survival of the soul is connected with death as well. Furthermore, some make a connection of the eighth house with sex—probably from a hypothetical connection to Scorpio by "natural houses." No planet "joys" in the eighth house. Eleventh house The ancients called the eleventh house the "House of Good Spirit" or "Good Divinity," and it was considered a very beneficial place in the chart. The primary meaning of this house, too, has survived more or less intact into the 21st-century: a house of hopes, aspirations and expectations, a place for the fulfilling of desires—and in a very worldly way. Worldly eminence and material abundance are denoted by this house, and the most beneficial planet in the zodiac, Jupiter, has his joy here. Modern astrology has lost some of the sense of material success and money that this house originally signified (Jupiter was the ancient planet of money), but it is still considered a house of wishes and hopes. In addition, modern astrologers perceive the eleventh to be a house of clubs and associations, of groups of people working together—and also a house denoting friendships. Traditionally, since the eleventh appertains to the tenth and the tenth was the house of the king, the eleventh has denoted the king's advisers, his council and allies. For some modern astrologers, the eleventh house is connected to the sign Aquarius by "natural house" affinities, but since Saturn is the traditional ruler of Aquarius and it would make little sense for Saturn to be comfortable in Jupiter's house (and vice versa), this association did not exist in astrology until more recent times. Footnotes "Latin succedere to go up, follow after, succeed, from sub- near + cedere to go" from succeed. (2009). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved March 19, 2009, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/succeedfrom William Lilly, Christian Astrology (London, 1647), p. 48. as summed up by William Lilly (1647): "The angles are most powerful, the succedants are next in virtue, the cadents poor, and of little efficacy: the succedant houses follow the angles, the cadents come next [after] the succedants," (Ibid., Book I, p. 48) and (speaking horary chart judgments) "The nearer your Significator is to an Angle, the more good you may expect; less, if placed in a Succeedant house; little, if in a Cadent." (Ibid., Book II, p. 301.) Guido Bonatti, Liber Astronomiae, Part II. [tr. Robert Zoller]. Project Hindsight, The Golden Hind Press (Berkeley Springs, WV, 1994.) pp. 2–3. Bonatti compares the fixed signs to the middle months of each of the four seasons, in which the season is established and fixed in character. In the same way, the succedent houses, in the center of each quadrant, have a fixed character. "It signifies fear and anguish of mind" says Lilly (Op Cit., Book I, p. 54.) Lilly (Ibid., p. 48) lists the second house as the fourth weakest house in the chart. "[...] the estate or judgement concerning the estate or fortune [..], of [...] wealth or poverty, of all removable goods, money lent, of profit or gain, loss or damage." (Lilly, Ibid., p. 31.) See the 2nd century CE Vettius Valens, The Anthology, Book II, Part I [tr. by Robert Schmidt] Project Hindsight, The Golden Hind Press (Berkeley springs, WV, 1994), p. 17; and also the 4th century CE Paulus Alexandrinus, Introductory Matters in Late Classical Astrology: Paulus Alexandrinus and Olympiodorus (with the Scholia of later Latin Commentators). [Translated by Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum.] Archive for the Retrieval of Historical Astrological Texts (ARHAT), 2001. Page 45. Paulus Alexandrinus, Op. cit., p. 46. Joseph Crane. A Practical Guide to Traditional Astrology. (ARHAT [Archive for the Retrieval of Historical Astrological Texts], Orleans Massachusetts, 1997), p. 28. Lilly says of it: "The estate of men deceased, death, its quality and nature." (Lilly, Op. Cit., p. 54.) Crane, Op. Cit., p. 30. (quoted from Paulus Alexandrinus, Introductory Matters, Ch. 24.) Vettius Valens, Op. Cit., Book II, Part 1, pp. 10–11. References Crane. Joseph. A Practical Guide to Traditional Astrology. (ARHAT [Archive for the Retrieval of Historical Astrological Texts], Orleans Massachusetts, 1997). Bonatti, Guido. Liber Astronomiae, (Parts I And II.) [tr. Robert Zoller]. Project Hindsight, The Golden Hind Press (Berkeley Springs, WV, 1994.) Hand, Robert. Horoscope Symbols. Schiffer Publications (Altgen, PA; March 1987) . Lilly, William. Christian Astrology. (London, 1647.) Paulus Alexandrinus, Introductory Matters in Late Classical Astrology: Paulus Alexandrinus and Olympiodorus (with the Scholia of later Latin Commentators). [Translated by Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum.] Archive for the Retrieval of Historical Astrological Texts (ARHAT, 2001.) Vettius Valens, The Anthology, Book II, Part I [tr. by Robert Schmidt] Project Hindsight, The Golden Hind Press (Berkeley springs, WV, 1994.) See also Natal astrology House Angular house Cadent house Derivative house Astrological house systems	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Succedent%20house
Clark–LeClair Stadium is a baseball park located on the campus of East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina. It is the home field of the East Carolina Pirates of the American Athletic Conference. The stadium was named after Pirate alumnus and contributor Bill Clark and former Pirates coach Keith LeClair. ECU's current head coach is Cliff Godwin. The stadium has 3,000 stadium bleacher seats, plus space for several thousand more spectators in "The Jungle." There are concession and restroom facilities at the stadium, plus a family picnic area. Amenities include the Pirate Club fundraising and hospitality suite and a private suite for the LeClair family. The venue was built with $11 million in private donations. The playing surface consists of Celebration Bermuda turf with a clay base infield and crushed-brick warning track. New lights were included in the construction of the stadium that meet all television specifications. Facilities include indoor and outdoor batting cages, a VIP booth, coach's offices, and a player clubhouse, as well as state-of-the-art broadcast facilities. The dimensions of the outfield are down the foul lines and to center field. The diamond has an unorthodox northwesterly alignment (home plate to center field); the recommended orientation is The elevation of the field is approximately above sea level. The stadium is home to the 2007 ECU Invitational and Keith LeClair Classic The Pirates consistently rank in the top thirty among Division I baseball programs in attendance. Events The stadium hosted the Conference USA tournament in 2007, won by Rice, and the Regionals of the NCAA tournament in 2009, 2018, 2019, and 2021. Facts Largest crowd — 6,003 vs UNC on February 23, 2023 won by East Carolina 6-5 First game — ECU vs. Michigan on March 4, 2005, won by East Carolina 2–1. See also List of NCAA Division I baseball venues References External links East Carolina University Athletics – Lewis Field at Clark-LeClair Stadium East Carolina Pirates baseball Sports venues in Pitt County, North Carolina College baseball venues in the United States Baseball venues in North Carolina Sports venues completed in 2005 2005 establishments in North Carolina	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark%E2%80%93LeClair%20Stadium
Na Woon-gyu (October 27, 1902 – August 9, 1937) was a Korean actor, screenwriter and director. He is widely considered the most important filmmaker in early Korean cinema, and possibly Korea's first true movie star. Since he often wrote, directed and acted in his films, he has even been said to have started the auteur film-making tradition in Korea. Early life Na Woon-gyu was the third son of Na Hyong-gwon, a military officer during the final days of the Joseon Dynasty who had returned to his hometown of Hoeryong, Hamgyongbuk-do to teach. As a high-school student, Na was involved in theater and acting, but also in anti-Japanese activities including the March 1, 1919 protest against the occupation. To avoid imprisonment, he spent two years crossing and re-crossing the Duman River, which separates Korea from Manchuria. He traveled as far as Siberia, joining with Korean Liberation fighters in anti-occupation work. In 1921, he returned to Seoul, and enrolled in Yonhui (now Yonsei) University to study social science. It was at this period that his fascination with the cinema began. He would fill notebooks with jottings while watching films in theaters, and would carry a hand mirror with him wherever he went to practice facial expressions. However, like the main character in his first, and most famous film, Arirang, he was caught by the Japanese and jailed for his participation in The March 1st Movement. While in prison in Chongjin, from 1921 until 1923, Na received his artistic pen-name, Chunsa, from Lee Chun-song, another resistance fighter. When he was released in 1923, he joined the Yerimhoe Play Troupe in his hometown, Hoeryong. After leaving the troupe, he sold all of his books to buy a train ticket to Busan, where he applied for a job acting at the Choson Film Company. He started playing extras and then villains in films for this company. His debut was in the 1925 film UnYeongJeon. Film career Though Na Woon-gyu has been described as short, and with a toad-like face which suited him for the peasant roles he often played, the anger and frustration he was able to project on the screen suited the situation and mood of the Korean people at the time. Na first came to public attention in the role of the father of the title character in Lee Kyong-son's 1925 film, Simchong-jon (The Story of Shim Chong). His first film as writer/director/star, Arirang (1926), was a national sensation in Korea. Films in Korea underwent censorship and restrictions by the Japanese authorities. Scripts had to be submitted to, and approved by the occupying Japanese government before they could be produced and distributed. Criticism of the government was censored, leading most films to be in the melodramatic, sentimental style known as shinpa. Na's innovation in Arirang was finding a way to express Korean opposition to the Japanese occupation metaphorically by unifying the shinpa style with a spirit of nationalism. He thereby made cinema in Korea no longer mere entertainment, but a vehicle for an expression of national resistance to the Japanese occupation. Financed by Park Sung-pil, owner of Dansongsa Theater, Na founded Na Woon-kyu Productions in September 1927 and opened his production company in Changsin-dong, near Dongdaemun. In contrast to the Japanese-run studios, the company's goal was to produce films by Koreans, for Koreans. Na's 1929 Salangeul chajaseo was an epic film employing more than a thousand extras. As with Arirang, a period of Na's own life could be seen as an inspiration for the story. It dealt with Koreans crossing the Duman River, as Na himself had done, in search of freedom from Japanese oppression. The film was banned at first, but was finally released, though in a heavily revised and edited form. The failure of Beongeoli Sam-ryong (1929) soon forced the closure of Na's studio. Arirang had initiated the period of nationalist film in Korea which continued from 1926 until about 1930, when harsher suppressive measures were undertaken by the authorities. After Arirang, tear-jerker shinpa-style movies that did no more than entertain, without appealing to a deeper national need, were criticized by the Korean press. Indeed, some of Na's own later films were also criticized in this way. Korean director and film historian Yu Hyun-mok states that Na's appearance with a Japanese woman as his romantic interest in the 1931 shinpa film, Geumganghan (The Grief of Geumgan), was seen as a betrayal by the Korean people, and had a profoundly negative impact on his career. Due to the time he spent in prison and the torture he underwent there, Na suffered from poor health throughout his life. He died at the age of 34 (or 36 by Korean counting) of tuberculosis in 1937. Short though his career was, he was the most prolific filmmaker of the era known as the "Golden Age of Silent Films" in Korea. In a period of about ten years he acted in twenty-six movies, and directed fifteen. Legacy Allegations of working with the Japanese do not seem to have harmed Na's reputation as one of the founders of Korean cinema either in his own time or in the following decades. Na's funeral procession was led by a band playing Arirang, and was attended by mourning crowds in spite of the rain. The newspaper Chosun Ilbo's November 1938 audience poll for the best silent Korean films put Arirang in the number one spot. Two other films by Na Woon-gyu were also on the top ten list: Sarangul Chajaso (Looking for Love), and Punguna (The Man with Great Ambition) (1926). Na's last film, Omongnyo (1937) was second on the list of best sound films made in Korea. His life was the subject of the 1966 film, Na Woon-Gyui ilsaeng, which was directed by and starred Choi Mu-ryong, father of current star Choi Min-soo. The Korea Film Directors' Society paid tribute to Na Woon-gyu, by taking his pen name for their Chunsa Art Film Festival, begun in 1990. A location near "Arirang Hill" in Seoul was refashioned into a "Street of Motion Pictures," housing the Arirang Cine Center, Arirang Information Library, a small theme park claiming to be the movie set, a monument in memory of the 100th anniversary of Na Woon-gyu's birth, and an annual film festival. He was an influence of Shin Sang-ok. Filmography UnYeongJeon (운영전) (1925) (Acting debut) Simchong-jon (심청전) (The Story of Shim Chong) (1925) (Actor) JangHanMong (장한몽) (1926) (Actor) Nongjungjo (농중조) (1926) (Actor) Arirang (아리랑) (1926) (Director, writer, actor) Punguna (풍운아) (Soldier of Fortune) (1926) (Director, writer, actor, editor) Deuljwi (들쥐) (The Wild Rat) (1927) (Director, writer, actor, editor) Heukkwa Baek (흑과백) (Black and White) (1927) Geumbungeo (금붕어) (Goldfish) (1927) (Director, actor, editor) Jalitgeola (잘 있거라) (Farewell) (1927) (Director, producer, writer, actor, editor) Ok-nyeo (1928) (옥녀) (Director, producer, writer, editor) Beongeoli Sam-ryong (벙어리 삼룡) (Deaf Sam-ryong) (1929) (Director, producer, writer, actor) Salangeul chajaseo (사랑을 찾아서) (In Search of Love) (1929) (Director, producer, writer, actor, editor) Sanai (사나이) (1929) Arirang geuhu iyagi (아리랑 그 후 이야기) or Arirang hu pyeon (아리랑 후편) (Arirang 2) (1930) (Writer, actor) Cheolindo (철인도) (1930) (Director, writer, actor, editor) Geumganghan (금강한) (The Grief of Geumgan) (1931) (Director, actor) Nampyeuneun Kyeongbidaero (남편은 경비대로) (1931) Gaehwadang imun (개화당 이문) (1932) (Director, writer, actor, editor) Imjaeobtneun naleutbae (임자없는 나룻배) (The Ownerless Ferryboat) (1932) (actor) Amgunwang (암굴왕) (1932) Jongno (종로) (1933) Muhwagwa (무화과) (Fig Tree) (1935) (Director, editor) Kanggeonneo maeul (강 건너 마을) (Town Across the River) (1935) (Director, writer, editor) Geulimja (그림자) (Shadow) (1935) (Director, writer, actor) Hwangmuji (황무지) (1935) Arirang 3 (아리랑 제3편) (1936) (Director, writer, actor) Chilbeontong sosageon (칠번통 소사건) (Incident of the 7th Bamboo Flute) (1936) (Director, writer, actor, editor) Oh Mong-nyeo (오몽녀) (1937) (Director) Notes Sources Kim, Sarah Sun (2001). (original, dead link ) Noh Kwang Woo. Formation of Korean Film Industry under Japanese Occupation External links 나운규 (羅雲奎) (in Korean) The Chronicle of Chunsa Na Un-kyu at Google Arts & Culture 1902 births 1937 deaths Korean male film actors Korean film directors Yonsei University alumni 20th-century Korean male actors Naju Na clan Korean torture victims People from Hoeryong Korean independence activists Tuberculosis deaths in South Korea Korean screenwriters 20th-century deaths from tuberculosis	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%20Woon-gyu
The House of the Devil (in French, Le Manoir du diable, lit. The Devil’s manor), released in the United States as The Haunted Castle and in Britain as The Devil's Castle, is an 1896 French short silent film directed by Georges Méliès. The film, which depicts a brief pantomimed sketch in the style of a theatrical comic fantasy, tells the story of an encounter with the Devil and various attendant phantoms. It is intended to evoke amusement and wonder from its audiences, rather than fear. However, because of its themes and characters, the film has been considered to technically be the first horror film. Such a classification can also be attributed to the film's depiction of a human transforming into a bat, a plot element which has led some observers to label the work the first vampire film. The film is also innovative in length; its running time of over three minutes was ambitious for its era. A single remake, also by Méliès, was produced one year later under the title Le Château hanté (The Haunted Castle), which is often confused with this film. The film was presumed lost until 1988, when a copy was found in the New Zealand Film Archive. Plot The film opens with a giant bat flying into a medieval castle. The bat circles the room, before suddenly changing into the Devil. Mephistopheles produces a cauldron and an assistant, who helps him conjure a woman from the cauldron. The room clears shortly before two cavaliers enter. The Devil's assistant pokes their backs before instantaneously teleporting to different areas of the room, confusing the pair and causing one to flee. The second stays and has several other tricks played on him, such as furniture moving around and the sudden appearance of a skeleton. The cavalier is unfazed, using a sword to attack the skeleton, which then turns into a bat, then into Mephistopheles, who conjures four spectres to subdue the man. Recovering from the spectres' attack, the man is visibly dazed and is brought the woman from the cauldron, who impresses him with her beauty. Mephistopheles then turns her into a withered old crone in front of the man's eyes, then again into the four spectres. The second cavalier returns and, after a brief show of bravery, flees again by leaping over the balcony's edge. After the spectres disappear, the cavalier is confronted face-to-face by the Devil before reaching for and brandishing a large crucifix, which causes the Devil to vanish. Production The Haunted Castle was filmed outside in the garden of Méliès's property in Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis, with painted scenery. In Méliès's era, film actors performed anonymously and no credits were provided. However, it is known that Jehanne d'Alcy, a successful stage actress who appeared in many of Méliès's films and later became his second wife, plays the woman who comes out of the cauldron. The film historian Georges Sadoul hypothesized that the Devil in the film was played by Jules-Eugène Legris, a magician who performed at Méliès's Théâtre Robert-Houdin in Paris and who later made an appearance in Méliès's famous 1902 film A Trip to the Moon. The film was released by Méliès's studio, commonly known as the Star Film Company, and numbered 78–80 in its catalogues at the Theater Robert-Houdin (8 Boulevard Des Italiens, Paris). It remains unknown whether the film was either released at the end of the year 1896 or at the beginning of 1897, but it should not be confused with Le Château hanté, made by Méliès later in 1897 and also released as The Haunted Castle. Reception In the book Universal Monsters: Origins, Christopher Ripley writes, "If Méliès was shooting for terror, he fell short of the mark. Initially the film was amusing to its audience, rather than terror-inducing... What was also notable about the film was Méliès' use of cinematography to morph characters into other characters. Though technology did not exist to create such visuals, Méliès used limited tools and his imagination to create a relatively impressive production." Loss The only known copy was bought at a junk shop in the 1930s-40s in Christchurch, New Zealand but not recognized until 1985. See also 1896 in film List of ghost films References External links 1896 films 1896 horror films 1890s ghost films French silent short films French black-and-white films Films directed by Georges Méliès Films set in castles The Devil in film French vampire films 1890s rediscovered films Articles containing video clips Rediscovered French films 1896 short films 1890s French films Films shot in Île-de-France Films about witchcraft Silent horror films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20House%20of%20the%20Devil%20%281896%20film%29
The Arroyo Seco AVA is an American Viticultural Area in Monterey County, California, southeast of Monterey Bay. The appellation encompasses in the valley adjacent to the Arroyo Seco Creek. Because of its proximity to the Pacific Ocean, the area has a cool climate, and is best suited for those grape varieties that benefit from the cool afternoon breeze. The area is known for its gravelly soil. See also California wine References External links American Viticultural Areas American Viticultural Areas of California Geography of Monterey County, California 1983 establishments in California	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arroyo%20Seco%20AVA
Blood & Belief is the third studio album by English heavy metal band Blaze Bayley, then known as Blaze, released in 2004. It is the first album that did not have the complete original line-up, as Jeff Singer and Rob Naylor left just after the recording of the band's first live album, As Live as It Gets. The album contains more emotional themes than the previous two Blaze albums, which dealt more with science fiction themes. A promotional video of the track "Hollow Head" was made, but no singles were released from the album. After touring for the album, the entire band left except for Bayley, leaving him to start from scratch. Track listing Personnel Blaze Bayley – vocals Steve Wray – guitar John Slater – guitar Wayne Banks – bass Jason Bowld – drums References Blaze Bayley albums 2004 albums SPV/Steamhammer albums Albums produced by Andy Sneap	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%20%26%20Belief
Ridley College, briefly also known as Ridley Melbourne, is a Christian theological college in the parklands of central Melbourne in the Australian state of Victoria. Established in 1910, it has an evangelical foundation and outlook and is affiliated with the Australian College of Theology and the Anglican Church of Australia. The college offers on-campus and distance learning and provides training for various Christian ministries in a range of contexts. History Named after a 16th-century English Reformation martyr, Nicholas Ridley, Ridley College was established on 1 March 1910 to provide residential theological training. Its founders were evangelical Anglican clergy and laypeople from throughout Victoria. Ridley College's principals have included the prominent New Testament scholar Leon Morris (1914–2006; principal 1964–1979), known for his studies of the atonement. For much of its history, a main feature of Ridley College was its residential college, with students accommodated mainly in the Aiken and Baker buildings. Like other residential colleges in the area, it provided its students with a range of academic, social and religious programs. From 1965 to 2005, Ridley was an affiliated residential college of the University of Melbourne and, in 1972, it became the first of the university's colleges open to both men and women. In 2005, the residential college was closed due to rising costs. The following year, it was reopened to provide accommodation specifically for international students from the surrounding universities, the University of Melbourne, RMIT University and Monash University. The residential college was again closed at the end of 2007. Ridley Melbourne retains a small residential theological community in the renamed Baker building (formerly Bearham). The buildings were substantially upgraded in 2019. Principals The Principals of Ridley College have been: Education and training Ridley College aims to provide Christian theological formation with a balance across three domains: ministry practice, Christian thought (theology and ethics) and biblical studies (including Greek and Hebrew languages). While the college teaches from an evangelical theological perspective, it is open to Christians of all backgrounds. Its stated aims are to equip its students for Christian ministries in a variety of settings, including a range of church denominations and cross-cultural contexts. The college actively supports parachurch work as well as ordained and local church roles. Along with Trinity College Theological School, Ridley also trains ordinands for ministry in the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne and other Anglican dioceses. Ridley's academic resources include its library and bookshop. The Leon Morris Library has a collection of 46,000 volumes and 150 journal subscriptions and contains significant resources on biblical studies. The Ridley College is a government-recognised tertiary institution and a CRICOS provider, offering education to international students. This means that domestic students have access to government support for tuition fees. The college offers undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate programs and courses from the Australian College of Theology, the education provider for 20 Christian colleges in Australia. Its programs include the Master of Divinity, the Graduate Diploma of Divinity and the Bachelor of Theology. There have been a number of developments in recent years at the college. In 2008, Ridley College completed a new vision for development and began restructuring its education around six learning communities. These include the college's distance learning program, eRidley, which was established in 2007. eRidley – renamed Ridley Online in 2014 – is particularly designed to provide training for Australians in remote areas, in collaboration with the Bush Church Aid Society. In June 2008, Ridley College sold the southern half of its property to residential developers, including the Aickin, Baker, Cumnock and Larcombe buildings and the octagonal chapel designed by James Stahle. The Bearham building was subsequently renamed Baker to preserve naming according to the college's principals. In May 2009, Ridley announced the establishment of a Jonathan Edwards Centre affiliated with the Jonathan Edwards Center at Yale University. Kenneth Minkema, executive director of the Jonathan Edwards Center, commented, "The establishment of the Jonathan Edwards Center–Australia at Ridley is a significant expansion of Edwards scholarship and will serve widely both academia and the church." Campus and community Ridley College is located in Parkville, a residential parkland suburb roughly three kilometres from the centre of Melbourne. The campus is situated between Royal Park to the west and Princes Park to the east. The campus buildings surround two main courtyards and are used as follows: Babbage—chapel; faculty offices Baker—faculty offices; student recreation block; residential theological apartments Stanway—classrooms and bookshop (ground); Leon Morris Library (above) Wade—reception; staff offices Dining room with adjacent kitchen and meeting rooms The building is used by St Jude's Church, Carlton for two of its Sunday services. Notable faculty Michael Bird – Academic Dean John Dickson - Distinguished Fellow and Senior Lecturer in Public Christianity Photo gallery See also St Jude's Church, Carlton Melbourne School of Theology Presbyterian Theological College Ridley College, Ontario, Canada Ridley Hall, Cambridge References External links Ridley College Leon Morris Library Jonathan Edwards Centre Australian College of Theology Anglican seminaries and theological colleges Educational institutions established in 1910 Anglican Church of Australia Ecclesiastical Province of Victoria Education in Victoria (state) Universities in Melbourne 1910 establishments in Australia Alumni of Ridley College, Melbourne	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridley%20College%20%28Melbourne%29
Mário Fernando Magalhães da Silva (born 24 April 1977; ) is a Portuguese former footballer who played as a left-back, currently a manager. Playing career Silva was born in Porto. Having grown through the ranks of local Boavista F.C. he went on to represent FC Nantes, FC Porto, Recreativo de Huelva and Cádiz CF, returning to Boavista in June 2006 and leaving after two seasons due to unpaid wages, in a litigation that would only be concluded in March 2010. Silva enjoyed his best years while with Porto, playing second fiddle to Nuno Valente on a side that won the 2002–03 UEFA Cup and the following year's UEFA Champions League while also adding back-to-back Primeira Liga titles under José Mourinho. Also at the club, on 27 March 2002, he earned his sole cap for the Portugal national team, appearing in a 1–4 friendly home defeat against Finland. Midway through the 2008–09 campaign, Silva moved countries again and joined Doxa Katokopias FC of the Cypriot First Division. However, he was released after only a couple of months, and retired in the summer after not being able to find a new team. Coaching career In 2010, Silva began working as a manager, acting as both youth and assistant coach in Boavista (the latter already in the main squad). In June of the following year, with the team still in the third division, he was appointed as Filipe Gouveia's successor. Silva resigned from his position just five months into the season, citing lack of payment as the reason for his departure. He subsequently returned to Porto, going on to act as manager for several youth sides and leading the under-19s to the 2018–19 UEFA Youth League; he was however, replaced by Tulipa shortly after. In September 2019, Silva was appointed director of academy at Spanish Segunda División club UD Almería, where his compatriot Pedro Emanuel was the coach. The following 26 June, he took the reins of the first team until the end of the campaign, but was dismissed on 27 July just before the start of the promotion play-offs. Days after leaving Spain, Silva was given his first top-flight job in his country, replacing Carlos Carvalhal at Rio Ave FC. In the Europa League, the team were eliminated in the playoffs by AC Milan after conceding an equaliser in the last minute of extra time and losing 9–8 on penalties. He left on 30 December 2020, with them in 13th. Silva became C.D. Santa Clara's fourth manager of the season on 10 January 2022, signing a short-term contract. He concluded the campaign in seventh place and signed a new deal until 2024, but was dismissed from his post near the anniversary of his appointment, with the team in 15th position after as many games. Managerial statistics Honours Player Boavista Taça de Portugal: 1996–97 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 1997 Nantes Ligue 1: 2000–01 Porto Primeira Liga: 2002–03, 2003–04 Taça de Portugal: 2002–03 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2001 UEFA Champions League: 2003–04 UEFA Cup: 2002–03 Portugal UEFA European Under-18 Championship: 1994 Manager Porto U19 Campeonato Nacional de Juniores: 2018–19 UEFA Youth League: 2018–19 References External links 1977 births Living people Portuguese men's footballers Footballers from Porto Men's association football defenders Primeira Liga players Boavista F.C. players FC Porto players Ligue 1 players FC Nantes players La Liga players Segunda División players Recreativo de Huelva players Cádiz CF players Cypriot First Division players Doxa Katokopias FC players UEFA Champions League winning players UEFA Cup winning players Portugal men's youth international footballers Portugal men's under-21 international footballers Portugal men's B international footballers Portugal men's international footballers Portuguese expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in France Expatriate men's footballers in Spain Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in France Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Spain Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus Portuguese football managers Primeira Liga managers Boavista F.C. managers Rio Ave F.C. managers C.D. Santa Clara managers Segunda División managers UD Almería managers Portuguese expatriate football managers Expatriate football managers in Spain	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rio%20Silva%20%28footballer%29
Back to the Light is the debut solo studio album by English musician Brian May, the guitarist of Queen. It was released on 28 September 1992 by Parlophone Records in the UK, and on 2 February 1993 by Hollywood Records in the US and Canada. May's second solo release following his 1983 EP Star Fleet Project, Back to the Light was co-produced with Justin Shirley-Smith and recorded between March 1988 and November 1992 at Allerton Hill—May's home studio—and mixed at Metropolis Studios. The album contains top 10 singles "Too Much Love Will Kill You" and "Driven by You", and peaked at number six on the UK Albums Chart and at number 159 on the US Billboard 200. "Headlong" and "I Can't Live with You", released on Innuendo, were originally intended for Back to the Light; but when May heard Freddie Mercury singing the songs, he decided they would be recorded by Queen. Songs "The Dark" is the album's "short keyboard and guitar intro," "an atmospheric opener...recorded during sessions for Flash Gordon in 1980 at Anvil Studios with orchestrations by Howard Blake." The lyrics are reminiscent of a lullaby. "Back to the Light" is "an outpouring of emotion," and was first performed live on The Tonight Show, 5 April 1993. The Time Traveller music video, released as part of the re-released album in 2021, features May travelling back in time to his younger self. "Love Token", "a well-constructed track", is dominated by Cozy Powell's "thunderous drums[, which] give the song its catchy rhythm....The song was performed live on the Back to the Light Tour, usually after 'Back to the Light' (on the 1992 leg) or 'Tie Your Mother Down' (during the first part of 1993), before becoming an abridged intro to 'Headlong', as evident on the...album Live At The Brixton Academy." The original "explicit" version was never officially released, and was only found on a free CD packaged with Rock Compact Disc Magazine, Vol. 4, 1991. The lyrics speak of a family splitting apart. "Resurrection" is a duet between Powell's drum and May's guitar work and vocals, a tribute to a friendship which would be cut short by Powell's premature death in 1998. It was initially recorded as 'Ride to Win' on Cozy Powell's 1992 solo album, The Drums Are Back. "The lyrics feature few references to organized religion, being of a more personal nature, as elsewhere on Back to the Light, [May] channels his confusion of life without [Mercury] into song." The music video features May and Powell playing their instruments, and lots of early CGI graphics. "Too Much Love Will Kill You" was recorded by Queen for The Miracle and rejected over songwriting royalties, eventually being released in 1995 on Made in Heaven. May performed the song unaccompanied except for piano during The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert. A guitar version "was released as part of the CD single in August 1992." "Driven by You", Brian's famed Ford advert theme, was released on 25 November 1991. Three different versions were recorded and used—"all sounding similar and lasting ninety seconds each", and three different DJ cuts were made. "Nothin' But Blue" was "initially recorded as 'Somewhere In Time' on Cozy Powell's 1992 solo album, The Drums Are Back,...with John [Deacon] on bass". May used the instrumental from that session and added original lyrics to create the version heard on his solo album. "I'm Scared" is a very personal hard-rocker, one of May's ways of dealing with his depression brought on by his failed first marriage and the death of his father. The version that appears on Back to the Light includes what is called "the 'Chaos Karaoke', a litany of fears" which include "fear of losing control, pain, being unknown, being ugly, dying, [being] deformed, [being] dull, the dark, being found out[,] and...being scared of Stephen Berkoff". "Last Horizon" was recorded at Allerton Studios in 1988, and is one of May's favorite songs. "Let Your Heart Rule Your Head", "an unconscious update of...'39....an uplifting, upbeat moment on an album of otherwise bleak and melancholy songs". "Just One Life" could be misinterpreted as a tribute to Mercury, "but was actually written for actor Philip Sayer". May was inspired to write the song after attending a memorial concert for Sayer, whom May had never met. "Rollin' Over" is May's cover of The Small Faces' song. "In [May's] hands...the song becomes a scorching tour de force of guitar riffs and exploding drums, turning [it] into what might as well be an outtake from one of Queen's earlier albums (indeed, Smile played it in their touring days)". Release The US edition of the album included a bonus track remix of "Driven by You" (with a new drum track by Cozy Powell and new bass by Neil Murray), issued elsewhere as a B-side to "Too Much Love Will Kill You". The Japanese edition included instrumental "Guitar Versions" of "Just One Life" and "Too Much Love Will Kill You". In June 2021, May announced that the album would be reissued as part of the Brian May Gold Series, packaged with a second disc of bonus tracks titled Out of the Light. The reissue was released on August 6, 2021. Track listing Personnel Musicians Brian May - lead vocals, rhythm and lead guitar, bass, piano, keyboards, programming, backing vocals. Cozy Powell – drums Geoff Dugmore – drums Gary Tibbs – bass Neil Murray – bass John Deacon – bass Mike Moran – piano , keyboards Don Airey – keyboards (extra) Gill O'Donovan – backing vocals Maggie Ryder – backing vocals Miriam Stockley – backing vocals Suzie O' List – backing vocals Chris Thompson – backing vocals Technical Justin Shirley-Smith – co-producer, engineer Heidi Cannavo, Noel Haris – engineer (assistant) Kevin Metcalfe – mastering Brian Zellis – technical assistance, programming David Richards – programming Bob Ludwig – 2021 remastering Singles "Driven by You" / "Just One Life" (November 1991) – No. 6 "Too Much Love Will Kill You" / "I'm Scared" (August 1992) – No. 5 "Back to the Light" / "Nothin' But Blue" (November 1992) – No. 19 "Resurrection" / "Love Token" / "Too Much Love Will Kill You" (Live) (June 1993) – No. 23 "Last Horizon" / "Let Your Heart Rule Your Head" (Live) (December 1993) – No. 51 Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References 1992 debut albums Brian May albums Parlophone albums Hollywood Records albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back%20to%20the%20Light
"Black Country Rock" is a song by English musician David Bowie, released on his 1970 album The Man Who Sold the World. The song was recorded in May 1970, with sessions taking place at Trident and Advision Studios in London. The lineup featured Bowie on lead vocals, guitarist Mick Ronson, bassist/producer Tony Visconti, drummer Mick Woodmansey and Ralph Mace on Moog synthesiser. The track was mostly composed by Ronson and Visconti, who developed it using a basic song sketch from Bowie. Labelled under the working title "Black Country Rock", Bowie used the title to write the lyrics towards the end of the sessions, resulting in a repeated two-line verse and chorus. A blues rock and hard rock number, Bowie imitates T. Rex's Marc Bolan in his vocal performance. Since its release, "Black Country Rock" has received positive reviews from music critics and biographers, who have mostly praised the performance of the band. Some publications have ranked it one of Bowie's best songs. The song, which also appeared as the B-side of the single "Holy Holy" in January 1971, was included on the Sound + Vision box set in 1989. It was remastered in 2015 as part of the Five Years (1969–1973) box set and was remixed by Visconti in 2020 to celebrate its 50th anniversary. Writing and recording Recording for David Bowie's third studio album The Man Who Sold the World began on 17 April 1970 at Advision Studios in London, moving to Trident Studios four days later and continuing there for the rest of April until mid-May, thereafter moving back to Advision until the sessions completed on 22 May. According to biographer Chris O'Leary, "Black Country Rock" was recorded in May. The lineup for the sessions included Bowie, guitarist Mick Ronson, bassist and producer Tony Visconti, drummer Mick Woodmansey and Ralph Mace on Moog synthesiser. As Bowie was preoccupied with his new wife Angie at the time, as well as managerial issues, the album's music was largely arranged by Ronson and Visconti. After living in Beckenham's Haddon Hall for months, the trio of Ronson, Visconti and Woodmansey accumulated rehearsal time and jam sessions that O'Leary believes gave them an edge over the backing band of Bowie's previous album, David Bowie (Space Oddity) (1969), which included a group of randomly assembled musicians. This resulted in tighter band performances for The Man Who Sold the World. According to O'Leary, Bowie came into the sessions with a basic track idea, which Ronson and Visconti further developed, temporarily labeling it "Black Country Rock". Towards the end of the sessions, running out of time to write lyrics, Bowie used the working title as a basis, resulting in a minimal lyric—"a single repeated two-line verse and chorus". Composition "Black Country Rock" has been characterised as blues rock and hard rock, while author James Perone calls it a mix of "electric blues [and] heavy metal". An upbeat number, the song has been described by NME editors Roy Carr and Charles Shaar Murray as a "respite" from the musical and thematical heaviness of the remainder of the album. Its style has been compared to Marc Bolan's contemporary T. Rex, down to Bowie's imitative vibrato in the final verse. According to Visconti, Bowie did a Bolan impression "spontaneously ... because he ran out of lyrics ... we all thought it was cool, so it stayed." O'Leary notes the imitation is most prevalent in the delivery of "fond adieu" followed by a "gargled" "ahh!" Visconti used an equalizer on the vocal tracks to better match the music, resulting in a "thinner" sound. O'Leary calls the delivery of "my friend" in the last refrain as "uncanny". Structurally, the verses and refrains are in E major and the bridges are in C major. It contains a similar chord sequence as Bowie's 1969 track "Unwashed and Somewhat Slightly Dazed". The song begins with what O'Leary calls an "arpeggiated intro bar" before Ronson's double-tracked guitar enters four seconds in. He plays an ascending riff before Visconti's counters it four seconds later. The guitar and bass complement each other throughout, playing descending and ascending motifs in the bridges and before a 16-bar guitar solo. Mace's Moog synthesiser is prominent in the solos, where he played a low A note, which O'Leary compares to a "system overload warning". Author Peter Doggett compares Woodmansey's drum fills to the stutter of a machine gun. The drums were overlaid by tambourine in the verses and refrains, and by a shaker in the bridges. Later on, Ronson's piano enters towards the coda after the three-minute mark. Release and reception The Man Who Sold the World was released in the United States by Mercury Records on 4 November 1970, and in the United Kingdom on 10 April 1971. "Black Country Rock" was sequenced as the third track on side one of the original LP, between "All the Madmen" and "After All". The song also appeared as the B-side of the single "Holy Holy", released in January 1971. Since its release, "Black Country Rock" has received positive reviews from music critics and biographers, who have mostly praised the performance of the band. AllMusic's Ned Raggett praises the track as a highlight of The Man Who Sold the World, calling it "simple, but powerful" and an effective tribute to T. Rex. He further commends Ronson's guitar work and Bowie's "spot-on" vocal impression of Bolan. O'Leary states that although the track was intended as "filler", the ending result was "far better": "one of the album's best ensemble performances and a testament to Ronson's econcomic arranging skills." Pegg similarly compliments the band's performance. Perone and Doggett praise the track's musical arrangement, while the former finds the lyric "[not] substantial". Mojo magazine listed it as Bowie's 50th greatest song in 2015. In 2018, the staff of NME placed it at number 34 in a list of Bowie's 40 best songs. Three years later in 2021, the staff of The Telegraph ranked "Black Country Rock" as among Bowie's 20 greatest songs. Subsequent releases "Black Country Rock" was included on the Sound + Vision box set in 1989. In 2015, the song, along with the rest of its parent album, was remastered for Parlophone's Five Years (1969–1973) box set. It was released on CD, vinyl and digital formats, both as part of the compilation and separately. The song was later remixed by Visconti in 2020 to commemorate the 50th anniversary of The Man Who Sold the World. The album was released under its original intended title of Metrobolist. The song also appeared in the soundtrack of the 2010 film The Kids Are All Right. Personnel According to biographer Chris O'Leary: David Bowie – lead vocal Mick Ronson – lead and rhythm guitars, piano Tony Visconti – bass Mick Woodmansey – drums, tambourine, shaker Ralph Mace – Moog synthesiser Technical Tony Visconti – producer References Sources David Bowie songs 1970 songs Songs written by David Bowie Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Country%20Rock
Johann Zahn (29 March 1641, Karlstadt am Main – 27 June 1707) was the seventeenth-century German author of Oculus Artificialis Teledioptricus Sive Telescopium (Würzburg, 1685). This work contains many descriptions and diagrams, illustrations and sketches of both the camera obscura and magic lantern, along with various other lanterns, slides, projection types, peepshow boxes, microscopes, telescopes, reflectors, and lenses. As a student of light, Zahn is considered the most prolific writer and illustrator of the camera obscura. Zahn was a canon of the Premonstratensian monastery of Oberzell near Würzburg (see Kloster Oberzell). The first camera that was small and portable enough to be practical for photography (that is, actually capturing the image on some sort of medium) was envisioned by Zahn in 1685, though it would be almost 150 years before technology caught up to the point where this was possible to actually build (see History of the camera). In Oculus Artificialis, Zahn's comprehensive description of the magic lantern (along with twelve other different lanterns) includes some of these lanterns showing for the first time lens covers. This was a very important evolution in the history of the camera, because it meant that the screen could be kept dark while the operator changed the slide. Zahn used the magic lantern, whose invention he credited to Athanasius Kircher, for anatomical lectures. He also illustrated a large workshop camera obscura for solar observations using the telescope and scioptric ball. Zahn also includes an illustration of a camera obscura in the shape of a goblet, based on a design described (but not illustrated) by Pierre Hérigone. Zahn also designed several portable camera obscuras, and made one that was 23 inches long. He demonstrated the use of mirrors and lenses to erect the image, enlarge and focus it. Zahn is also the author of a compendium of mathematics and natural history, titled Specula Physico-Mathematico-Historica Notabilium ac Mirabilium Sciendorum (1696). Religions-Hindu Works References Ralf Kern: Wissenschaftliche Instrumente in Ihrer Zeit/Streben nach Genauigkeit in Zeit und Raum. Cologne, 2010 Wolfgang Grassl: Culture of Place. An Intellectual Profile of the Premonstratensian Order. Nordhausen: Bautz, 2012, 325-331 Sources Burns, Paul The History of the Discovery of Cinematography An Illustrated Chronology de Luikerwaal: Oculus artificialis teledioptricus Pre-history of Photography (See p. 107.) 1641 births 1707 deaths People from Karlstadt am Main 17th-century German scientists 17th-century German inventors Precursors of photography Premonstratensians German philosophers German non-fiction writers Scientists from Bavaria German male non-fiction writers	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Zahn
KBAQ (89.5 FM, "K-Bach") is a public radio station in Phoenix, Arizona, United States, playing classical music. It is co-owned by the Maricopa County Community College District (MCCCD) and Arizona State University (ASU). The studios are located at MCCCD's Rio Salado College in Tempe, alongside MCCCD-owned KJZZ (91.5 FM), while the station broadcasts from a transmitter on South Mountain. In addition to its FM signal, it is broadcast as an audio subchannel (8.5) of ASU-owned KAET television (Arizona PBS) across central, northern, and southwestern Arizona. The need for a public classical music station in Phoenix arose in 1986 when commercial station KONC was sold and changed formats. MCCCD and ASU each filed for the available 89.5 MHz frequency, which in turn was also sought by three other applicants. In 1990, the Federal Communications Commission ordered the two parties to share time on the frequency or otherwise come to an agreement. With the collaboration of both educational institutions, KBAQ began broadcasting on April 26, 1993; the community college system manages day-to-day operations, while ASU provides production and recording services for concerts around Arizona. The station is funded by donations from listeners, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, and the community college district. History Phoenix's longtime classical music station had been KONC at 101.5 MHz. On March 31, 1986, that station left the classical format. In July, another commercial radio station stepped into the format, a station at 106.3 which adopted the KONC call sign; Tucson's KUAT-FM also established a translator in Phoenix on 105.5 MHz. This service moved to 89.5 MHz in 1989 to accommodate a power upgrade for 105.3 MHz in Wickenburg. Nearly immediately after KONC switched formats, the Maricopa County Community College District (MCCCD), owner of public jazz and talk station KJZZ, launched a bid for a non-commercial classical music station at 89.5 MHz and filed an application with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). However, a week later, Arizona State University (ASU) put in a bid for 89.5 as well. The move angered MCCCD officials; not only did ASU propose to use taxpayer money, but it forced MCCCD into comparative hearings. KJZZ's station director said, "If ASU had desired to do something to impede the progress in returning classical music to the airwaves in Phoenix, it couldn't have found a better action to pursue." MCCCD had already raised some $80,000 to build a classical station but halted its fundraising drive when ASU entered the fray. In addition, the owner of the former KONC at 101.5 donated the station's music library to KJZZ. In 1988, the two classical applications were designated for a consolidated hearing alongside those of Sun Health Corporation, Western Broadcasting Corporation, and Radio Alliance Phoenix. Over the course of 1989, Western and Radio Alliance Phoenix withdrew. On June 26, 1990, the FCC denied the Sun Health application in favor of the MCCCD and ASU bids. The FCC ordered MCCCD and ASU to share time on the 89.5 frequency and stipulated a time-share plan in the event the two parties could not agree. Both parties recognized that alternating days of broadcasting would be an unworkable arrangement. The two sides came to an agreement in which they would jointly own the station. The studios would be with KJZZ, while facilities at ASU could be used to record performances. Sign-on KBAQ—"K-Bach"—began broadcasting from atop South Mountain on April 26, 1993, with an effective radiated power of just 91 watts, effectively limiting its coverage to Phoenix itself and its innermost suburbs. In 1998, KBAQ was relocated to the White Tank Mountains north and west of Phoenix, which permitted an increase in effective radiated power to 12,500 watts. However, some areas were shaded from the signal, notably affluent parts of Scottsdale containing many station supporters. Translators were later installed on South Mountain and in Scottsdale to improve coverage. In 2009, KBAQ was approved to return to South Mountain with an effective radiated power of 30,000 watts. Funding In fiscal year 2022, KBAQ had combined operating and nonoperating revenues of $3.21 million, with the largest share coming from more than $1.07 million in private gifts. This represented 20 percent of the total revenue generated by KJZZ and KBAQ. Programming The broadcast schedule consists primarily of playlists announced by local hosts, as well as the nationally syndicated program Sunday Baroque from WSHU-FM in Connecticut. Local specialty programs on the schedule include the Mozart Buffet (featuring music of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and his contemporaries) and Reel Music, consisting of orchestral scores for film. Central Sound at Arizona PBS, formerly the KBAQ production unit, provides concert recording services to KBAQ and other stations as well as audio support for Arizona PBS itself. Central Sound produces Arizona Encore, a weekly series of concerts recorded at locations throughout central and northern Arizona, which airs on KBAQ and KNAU in Flagstaff. Translators References External links KBAQ-FM official website Central Sound at Arizona PBS BAQ Classical music radio stations in the United States Maricopa County Community College District Arizona State University NPR member stations Radio stations established in 1993 1993 establishments in Arizona	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KBAQ
is a 1966 Japanese New Wave film directed by Hiroshi Teshigahara and based on the 1964 novel of the same name written by Kōbō Abe. The story follows engineer Okuyama, who suffers severe facial burns in a work-related accident and is given a new face in the form of a lifelike mask. Plot Engineer Okuyama's face was disfigured by an explosion in an industrial accident, and wears bandages to cover the burns. Feeling isolated and being physically rejected by his wife, he consults a psychiatrist. Seeing the frustration Mr. Okuyama experiences with his facial disfiguration, the psychiatrist proposes to make an experimental prosthetic mask for him, apparently with great reluctance. The psychiatrist and Okuyama offer a man 10,000 yen to serve as the model for the mask, and the mask is built and fitted onto Okuyama. The psychiatrist demands that Okuyama regularly reports his sensations and thoughts to him, and cautions Okuyama that the mask may change his behavior and personality so much that he will cease to be the same person. Okuyama tells no one that he has received the mask, and simply lives as a new man, telling his wife that he is traveling on business while he rents an apartment nearby. He tests the mask's effectiveness on a secretary of his company, who doesn't recognize him, and a mentally challenged neighborhood girl, who does. During a meeting between Okuyama and the psychiatrist, the latter realizes that his patient has already changed, and imagines a world where the mask goes into mass production, subsequently eliminating all sense of morality. Okuyama decides to seduce his wife using his new identity. When he obtains this too easily, full of rage, he reveals himself to her, who in turn says she had known about his true identity from the first moment. He tries to persuade her to give their relationship another chance, but she rejects him. Later, Okuyama attempts to rape a woman on the street, claiming to be nobody when arrested. He is freed thanks to his psychiatrist (whose business card the police found in Okuyama's pocket), who testifies that Okuyama is his patient and that he is not violent. While walking the nightly streets together, we see that everyone on the street is wearing a mask. At first the psychiatrist asks Okuyama for the mask back, then lets him keep it, as he is a free man. While shaking hands to say goodbye, Okuyama stabs him to death. Interweaved throughout the film is a separate tale (present in Abe's original novel in the form of a movie the protagonist watches at a cinema and then recounts) of a young woman whose otherwise beautiful face suffered a severe disfigurement on the right cheek and right side of the neck. She works in a psychiatric ward, whose inmates include many World War II veterans, and lives with her brother. The imagery of these sequences, her repeated worry about the coming of another war, and her asking her brother if he still remembers the sea at Nagasaki (presumably from their childhood there), all suggest that her scars came as a result of the atomic bombing of that city. Like Okuyama, she feels isolated because of her disfigurement. Cast Tatsuya Nakadai as Mr. Okuyama Machiko Kyō as Mrs. Okuyama Mikijirō Hira as Psychiatrist Kyōko Kishida as Nurse Kyoko Eiji Okada as The Boss Minoru Chiaki as Apartment Superintendent Hideo Kanze as Male Patient Kunie Tanaka as Patient at Mental Hospital Etsuko Ichihara as Yo-Yo Girl Bibari Maeda as Singer in Bar Miki Irie as Girl with Scar Eiko Muramatsu as Secretary Yoshie Minami as Old Lady Hisashi Igawa as Man with Mole Kakuya Saeki as Elder Brother of Girl with Scar Production One recurring image is the large and small severed ears which appear in the scenery in several scenes. These ears were designed and sculpted by Japanese sculptor Tomio Miki. Hira's office, a strange blank space with glass partitions, was designed by architect Arata Isozaki, a friend of Teshigahara's. The glass walls are painted with Langer's lines and Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man. The film uses several doublings of shots, both by repeating shots verbatim and by placing the main character in nearly identical shots twice. The most obvious example is in Okuyama's two separate rentals of apartments, once masked, and once with his new face. These doublings highlight Okuyama's double existence. Release The Face of Another had a roadshow on July 15, 1966, in Japan, where it was distributed by Toho. The film received general release in Japan on September 23, 1967. In the United States, the film received a theatrical release on June 9, 1967. It was re-issued in the US in May 1975 by Rising Sun and Toho. Reception The Face of Another was not well received outside of Japan, with audiences and critics largely feeling that it did not live up to Teshigahara's earlier film The Woman in the Dunes. Although it was successful in Japan, the film was a critical and financial failure internationally. Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote in 1974, "As fiction it's too fanciful to be seriously compelling and too glib to be especially thought-provoking." In 2008, film scholar Alexander Jacoby called it "a flawed fantasy" whose interesting theme suffers from the protagonist's "bland characterization." The film has since improved its critical standing. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a 100% approval rating based on 7 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10. Jonathan Rosenbaum of the Chicago Reader defended the film in his 2005 review, calling it "more palatable" than Teshigahara's previous works, the theme "brilliantly and imaginatively explored," and the acting "potent." Awards The Face of Another received two Mainichi Film Awards for Best Art Direction and Best Film Score. References External links 1966 films 1966 drama films Japanese black-and-white films Japanese avant-garde and experimental films Japanese science fiction films 1960s avant-garde and experimental films 1960s psychological thriller films 1960s science fiction drama films Films based on science fiction novels Films directed by Hiroshi Teshigahara Films about plastic surgery Films scored by Toru Takemitsu 1960s Japanese films 1960s Japanese-language films	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Face%20of%20Another%20%28film%29
Seán O'Grady (1 December 1889 – 7 April 1966) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician. He was unsuccessful when he first stood as a candidate for Dáil Éireann at the June 1927 general election, in the Clare constituency, but was elected as a Teachta Dála (TD) there at the 1932 general election. He was re-elected there at every election until he lost his Dáil seat at the 1951 general election. In 1951, he was nominated by the Taoiseach to the 7th Seanad, and in 1957, he was nominated to the 9th Seanad. O'Grady had been only a few months in the Dáil when he was appointed a Parliamentary Secretary. Over the next sixteen years until 1948 he served in a range of ministries as Parliamentary Secretary, including Lands and Fisheries; Defence; Industry and Commerce; and Finance. He was defeated in his final campaign at the 1957 general election. References 1889 births 1966 deaths Fianna Fáil TDs Members of the 7th Dáil Members of the 8th Dáil Members of the 9th Dáil Members of the 10th Dáil Members of the 11th Dáil Members of the 12th Dáil Members of the 13th Dáil Members of the 7th Seanad Members of the 9th Seanad Parliamentary Secretaries of the 12th Dáil Parliamentary Secretaries of the 11th Dáil Parliamentary Secretaries of the 10th Dáil Parliamentary Secretaries of the 9th Dáil Parliamentary Secretaries of the 8th Dáil Parliamentary Secretaries of the 7th Dáil Nominated members of Seanad Éireann Fianna Fáil senators	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Se%C3%A1n%20O%27Grady%20%28politician%29
Ranelic acid is an organic acid capable of chelating metal cations. It forms the ranelate ion, C12H6N2O8S4−. Strontium ranelate, the strontium salt of ranelic acid, is a drug used to treat osteoporosis and increase bone mineral density (BMD). References Carboxylic acids Nitriles Thiophenes Amines	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranelic%20acid
"After All" is a song written by David Bowie in 1970 for the album The Man Who Sold the World, released later that year in the United States and in April 1971 in the UK. One of a number of Bowie songs from the early 1970s reflecting the influence of Friedrich Nietzsche and Aleister Crowley, it has been described by biographer David Buckley as "the album's hidden gem", and by Nicholas Pegg as "one of Bowie's most underrated recordings". Music and lyrics The song has been interpreted as taking to nightmarish conclusions the children's world of Bowie's early song "There Is a Happy Land", from his 1967 debut David Bowie. Like much of The Man Who Sold the World, its lyrics are imbued with a Nietzschian Übermensch philosophy ("Man is an obstacle, sad as the clown"). The line "Live til your rebirth and do what you will" is often cited as homage to occultist Aleister Crowley and his dictum, "Do what thou wilt". The track is unusual in a rock context for being in waltz time, most obviously in the surreal circus-like instrumental break. Its style was inspired by the "slightly sinister, measured melancholy" of songs Bowie recalled from childhood such as Danny Kaye's "Inchworm". Regarding the music's arrangement, producer Tony Visconti said, "The basic song and the 'oh by jingo' line were David's ideas. The rest was Ronno and me vying for the next overdub." Legacy As with "All the Madmen" from the same album, the gothic atmosphere of "After All" has been cited as a significant influence on such bands as Siouxsie and the Banshees, The Cure and Bauhaus. Personnel David Bowie: vocals, acoustic guitar, organ, Stylophone, saxophone Mick Ronson: acoustic and electric guitar Tony Visconti: bass guitar, recorder Woody Woodmansey: drums, percussion Ralph Mace – Moog modular synthesizer Cover versions Human Drama – Pinups (1993) The Mission – Goth Oddity – A Tribute to David Bowie (1996) Ventilator – Crash Course for the Ravers – A Tribute to the Songs of David Bowie (1996) Tori Amos – Strange Little Girls (2001) (b-side from "Strange Little Girl" single) Billie Ray Martin – After All (2014) (EP including remixes by Mijk van Dijk and Caesar Gergess) Notes David Bowie songs 1970 songs Songs written by David Bowie	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After%20All%20%28David%20Bowie%20song%29
Gordonville is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Leacock Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 508 as of the 2010 census. Though the village is little known outside its immediate area, the surrounding countryside has been portrayed in many books and magazine articles. The Old Order Amish constitute a significant cultural presence in the area of the village. Wendell Berry mentioned the town in one of his collections of essays. Geography The village is in eastern Lancaster County in the southwestern corner of Leacock Township, approximately east of the county seat of Lancaster, southwest of the village of Intercourse, less than one mile (1.1 km) north of Paradise, and about southeast of Bird-in-Hand. Gordonville is bordered to the southwest and south by Soudersburg. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Gordonville CDP has an area of , all land. The community drains south to Pequea Creek, a southwestward-flowing tributary of the Susquehanna River. There are 153 farms in Leacock Township; all but seven are owned by Amish families. These small-scale farms (many with small shops) dot the gently rolling and open landscape around the village. Though rural in character, Gordonville is at the edge of the metropolis: Amtrak Keystone Service trains pass daily through the village on runs to Lancaster and Harrisburg to the west and Philadelphia and New York City to the east. Though there was once a train station in the center of the village, no train has officially stopped there since the 1950s. On back roads, horse-drawn buggies and automobiles occasionally compete for space with rollerblading Amish youth and Amish men on scooters commuting to local jobs. Demographics History Gordonville is located on part of a grant of of land to the Mary Feree family by the sons of William Penn. The town resulted from the railroad that planned to pass through the area. Around 1829 land was surveyed for the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad, chartered in 1823 and again in 1826, to run between Philadelphia and Columbia, a growing city along the Susquehanna River south of Harrisburg. Land on the south and west side of the railway route belonged to the Christian Hershey family, which was associated with the land from as early as 1709. Daniel Gordon erected the first dwelling on land now associated with the village in 1832 (some say 1834), a -story, five-bay brick farmhouse with central doorway, largely intact gallery under gable roof, with first floor windows on facade to floor. The house was inhabited by Henry Eckert in the 1880s, and is still occupied today, though divided into several apartments. Early trains on the railroad were merely wagons, fitted to run on tracks and pulled by horses along the single track. The first U.S.-made locomotive, built at Philadelphia's Baldwin Locomotive Works, was produced in 1832. On 17 April 1834 the first long distance steam train ran through Gordonville along the new Columbia Railroad; the journey from Lancaster to Philadelphia took about eight and one half hours. Only one track was in use until October of that year; turnouts every one and a half miles allowed for passing. By 1836 Daniel Gordon had a house, a warehouse, and a storehouse on the south and west side of the railway, and the town was starting to grow. In 1857 the Pennsylvania Railroad purchased Pennsylvania's Main Line of Public Works, which by then included the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad and an ambitious cross-Appalachian canal project. The nickname "Main Line" was affixed to the railroad route. Abraham Lincoln spoke from his train at nearby Leaman Place-Strasburg railroad junction on 22 February 1861, only one mile east of Gordonville; over 5,000 people were present. (In 1968 Hubert H. Humphrey, candidate for president, stopped and spoke at the same place.) In 1870 two barns in Gordonville were destroyed by fire caused by locomotive sparks. The 1895 U.S. Atlas described the village of Gordonville as having a population of 413, a railroad station, post office, and express office. By 1898 the railway was widened to four tracks, and by the early twentieth century 200 trains per day passed through the town. The building of the famous (and now abandoned) low grade railway in the southern end of the Lancaster County in 1906 drastically reduced train traffic. The railway line was electrified in 1938. Later in the early twentieth century only six passenger trains and two freight trains actually made scheduled stops at Gordonville station each day. One of the freights was the morning milk train. Today the village has a population of about 460 people. Amtrak trains still travel through the town along the railway that brought about the town's birth. There is talk of a new station to be erected at Leaman Place, a mile east of Gordonville at the Strasburg RR junction, which would serve Amtrak and SEPTA trains. Spring sale and auction The Annual Spring Sale and Auction of the Gordonville Fire Company and Ambulance Association, held the second Saturday of March, is the largest event of its kind on the East Coast. A tradition since 1969, it draws about 12,000 people (about 4,500 registered bidders) to bid on farm machinery, horses, quilts, carriages, old stuff, and antiques. When not actively buying, people socialize, tourists observe, and some Old Order Amish and Old Order Mennonite youth play cornerball, a traditional and "acrobatic" game played with a small hard ball on a field of manure, mud, and straw. Though similar mud sale auctions abound in Lancaster County in the spring, none has as many people attending. Proceeds of the sale assist the upkeep of fire equipment. On March 13, 1993 the fire company auction was abruptly closed at 10:00 am by state police, who announced that an unseasonable snowfall would eventually block the roads, stranding people in town. Most people were gone by 11:00 am. At noon the last people to attempt to leave, a family which actively volunteered with the fire company, ambulance, and the spring sale, discovered that the roads were actually impassable. The family was compelled to spend the night with friends in town. In the next 24 hours, only of snow fell, but 50 to 60 mile per hour winds limited visibility and caused drifting snow to block the roads. During the blizzard, the fire company's ambulance crew handled several emergencies, taking people by snowmobile to Bird-in-Hand where, due to nearly continuous plowing, it was still possible to travel to Lancaster city by highway. Sunday morning discovered very little activity. Roads were blocked by frozen four and five feet high snow drifts until the early afternoon. The auction field contained farm machinery and over a hundred carriages buried under snow. It was at least a week before things were normal. Some called it the snowfall of the century, but on January 8, 1996, a two-foot snowfall led to all roadways in 47 Pennsylvania counties being closed by the governor's order. References Populated places in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania Census-designated places in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordonville%2C%20Pennsylvania
The CMC Zinger (, originally the Mitsubishi Zinger before 2015) is a compact MPV designed by Mitsubishi Motors in conjunction with the China Motor Corporation from Taiwan, based on the chassis of the Mitsubishi Pajero Sport, and sold in Taiwan from 24 December 2005. Overview The name derives from a "person or something full of energy and vitality". From 2007 until 2016, it has also been marketed in the Philippines as the Mitsubishi Fuzion, as the company claims it "merges together the best characteristics of [three] vehicles, the sporty character and ruggedness of an SUV, the spaciousness and versatility of a van, and riding comfort of a passenger car". The first month's sales were 2,285, substantially exceeding the 1,200/month initial target. The companies planned to expand into mainland China in the second half of 2007 when a joint-production venture between CMC and South East (Fujian) Motor Co., Ltd. came onstream. The automatic model engine was replaced by a 4G69 MIVEC-equipped version at the end of 2008, in order to meet new emissions standards. The 5-speed manual model still uses the 4G64 engine. Rebadge and discontinuation outside of Taiwan In October 2015, the 4G69 engine was detuned from with peak torque engine speed lowered from 4,500 to 2,300 rpm, incorporated with a new 5-speed automatic transmission, which replaced both the earlier 4-speed automatic as well as the manual transmission. In Taiwan, from 2015 the Zinger received a mild facelift, and was transferred into a product branded as CMC following the recent change of CMC repositioning itself as a domestic Taiwanese car brand. The facelift includes CMC logo replacements and the signature CMC front grille and bumper design. The Mitsubishi Fuzion was removed from the Mitsubishi Philippines website in 2016. The Xpander, which is built at Mitsubishi Motors Krama Yudha Indonesia served as the replacement to the Fuzion and the Adventure due to the engine not meeting Euro 4 standards and some safety issues. The Xpander was not exported to China and Taiwan markets due to Mitsubishi's decision was to decline release of Mitsubishi Xpander and distribute to China Motor Corporation. As of September 2020, a 2-door pickup variant of the CMC Zinger was available in the Taiwanese market. The compact pickup features a bed with a payload capacity. The Zinger pickup is based on the 2019 facelift Zinger model with everything before the B-pillars shared with the station wagon body style. The 4G69 2.4-litre 16-valve inline-four unit was also shared, producing at 5,250 rpm and of torque at 2,300 rpm. This is mated to a 5-speed automatic gearbox sourced from Hyundai and rear-wheel drive. References Crossover sport utility vehicles Zinger Cars of Taiwan Mid-size sport utility vehicles Rear-wheel-drive vehicles Cars introduced in 2005 2010s cars	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMC%20Zinger
J.K. Greye Software was a British software company set up by J.K. Greye in early 1981 and 6 months later joined by Malcolm Evans after they met at a Bath Classical Guitar & Lute Society meeting in Bath in 1981. They produced computer games for the Sinclair ZX81 and ZX Spectrum home computers. They struck gold with the revolutionary 3D Monster Maze, the first 3D game for a home computer, which John Greye suggested they produce after seeing a basic 3D Maze that Evans had programmed in Z80 Assembler. In the spring of 1982, Evans split up the company and founded his own company, New Generation Software (a name taken from an advertising slogan by J.K. Greye), which continued to produce games for the ZX Spectrum. J.K.Greye set up J.K. Greye Enterprises Ltd, a separate company which split off around February–March 1983, to produce games for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum. List of games This softography is a merged list between J.K. Greye Software and J.K. Greye Enterprises Ltd. Sinclair ZX81 10 Games for 1K ZX81 (1981) 1K Breakout (1981) Catacombs (1981) 3D Defender (1981) (later re-released by N.G.S.) 3D Monster Maze (1981) (later re-released by N.G.S.) Pyramid (1981) Starfighter (1981) ZX81 Artist (1981) (these last three released on one "gamestape") ZX Spectrum Ufo (1982) Minefield (1982) Invasion (1982) Kamikaze (1982) The Arcadian (1982) 3D Vortex (1983) 4-Star (1984) References Software companies of the United Kingdom Software companies established in 1981 Software companies disestablished in 1984 Defunct video game companies of the United Kingdom 1981 establishments in the United Kingdom Companies established in 1981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20K.%20Greye%20Software
Star 107 may refer to a number of independent radio stations in the United Kingdom: Star Radio (Cambridge and Ely) in Cambridgeshire Star 107.2 in Bristol Star 107.5 in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire Star 107.7 in Weston-super-Mare, Somerset Star 107.9 in Stroud, Gloucestershire	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20107
Luke Williams (born 29 December 1979) is a former Australian rules footballer who played in the Australian Football League (AFL). Picked up in the 1998 AFL Draft, Williams was a utility who could play up forward or in the midfield. Debuting in 1999, he had very limited opportunities at the Melbourne Football Club, and after seven seasons on the list, Williams finally notched up his 50th AFL game in 2005. He spent most of his career with Melbourne playing in the Demons' reserve side, the Sandringham Zebras, in the Victorian Football League. At the end of 2005, Melbourne decided to delist Williams. External links Melbourne Football Club players 1979 births Living people Sandringham Football Club players People educated at St Kevin's College, Melbourne Oakleigh Chargers players Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke%20Williams%20%28Australian%20rules%20footballer%29
Teddy Williams may refer to: Teddy Williams (American football) (born 1988), American football cornerback Teddy Williams (rugby union) (born 2000), Welsh rugby union player. Teddy Williams (tennis) (born 1866), British tennis player active in the 19th century. Luke Williams (wrestler) (born 1947) Eduardo Williams (born 1987), Argentine film director nicknamed "Teddy" See also Ted Williams (disambiguation) Edward Williams (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teddy%20Williams
A reading of a bill is a stage of debate on the bill held by a general body of a legislature. In the Westminster system, developed in the United Kingdom, there are generally three readings of a bill as it passes through the stages of becoming, or failing to become, legislation. Some of these readings may be formalities rather than actual debate. The procedure dates back to the centuries before literacy was widespread. Since many members of Parliament were illiterate, the Clerk of Parliament would read aloud a bill to inform members of its contents. By the end of the 16th century, it was practice to have the bill read on three occasions before it was passed. Preliminary reading In the Israeli Knesset, private member bills do not enter the house at first reading. Instead, they are subject to a preliminary reading, where the members introducing the bill present it to the Knesset, followed by a debate on the general outlines of the bill followed by a vote on whether to send it to committee to be prepared for first reading or to remove it from the agenda. First reading A first reading is when a bill is introduced to a legislature. Typically, in the United States, the title of the bill is read and the bill is immediately assigned to a committee. The bill is then considered by committee between the first and second readings. In the United States Senate and most British-influenced legislatures, the committee consideration occurs between second and third readings. In most non Westminster-style legislatures, a vote is taken on the general outlines of the bill before being sent to committee. Australia In the Australian House of Representatives, a bill is automatically read a first time without any question being proposed upon presentation of the bill or it being received from the Senate. However, in the Australian Senate, the question on the first reading is always moved immediately after introduction (which is a separate motion altogether) or receipt from the House of Representatives and may be voted on. Amendments to or debate on the first reading is not permitted, except for bills subject to section 53 of the Constitution (i.e. appropriation and money bills), in which case debate is permitted. This exception is necessary because section 53 gives senators the right to move requests to the House of Representatives for amendments to a financial bill (to which the Senate is not allowed to amend) at stage of consideration of the bill, including on the first reading. The first readings of most ordinary bills are almost always a formality and are passed "on the voices". In extremely rare circumstances however, the Senate may vote against the first reading, which prevents the bill from proceeding further. This has happened as recently as June 2021, when the Ministerial Suitability Commission of Inquiry Bill 2021 (Cth), introduced by Greens Senator Larissa Waters in relation to the 1988 rape allegation against the Attorney-General Christian Porter, was narrowly negatived in a division. Similar arrangements are in place in the parliaments of the states and territories. Canada In the House of Commons of Canada, in addition to the usual introduction of a bill by a member for first reading, a member of the cabinet may move a motion to appoint or to instruct a committee to prepare a bill. Republic of Ireland In the Oireachtas of Ireland, the first stage of a bill is by either of two methods: introduction by a private member moving a motion "that leave be given to introduce" the bill—the bill goes to second stage if the motion is carried presentation on behalf of either the government (unlimited numbers) or a parliamentary group (one at a time per group in the Dáil, three in the Seanad)—the bill automatically goes to second stage Israel In the Israeli Knesset, the committee consideration occurs between first and second readings and (for private member bills) between preliminary and first readings, and the first reading includes a debate on the general outlines of the bill followed by a vote on whether or not to send it to committee. New Zealand In New Zealand, once a bill passes first reading it is normally referred to a select committee. However, the government can have a bill skip the select committee stage by a simple majority vote in Parliament. Even if the first reading does not require a formal vote, a bill can nonetheless be defeated on first reading if a member introduces it and no one seconds it. Poland In the Polish Sejm, the first reading comprises a debate on the general outlines of the bill. Notably, only constitutional amendment bills, money bills, electoral law bills, and law code bills have their first reading at a plenary session of the Sejm; all other bills have their first reading occur in committee, unless the Marshal of the Sejm decides to refer them to the plenum. Russia In the Russian State Duma, the first reading includes a debate on the general outlines of the bill followed by a vote on whether or not to send it to committee. United Kingdom In both Houses of the British Parliament, Bills introduced by the Government or by MPs and Lords who won the Private Members' Ballot automatically receive a first reading without the need of being discussed or voted on; the same applies for Bills brought from the other House (for example, a Bill which has completed all its stages in the House of Lords is immediately brought to the House of Commons, where it receives a first reading). Bills introduced under the Ten Minute Rule are subject to a debate lasting not more than ten minutes (equally divided between a supporter and an opponent), followed by a vote is held on the motion "That leave be granted to bring in" the Bill; the latter receives a first reading only if the motion is carried. After a Bill has been read a first time, it is ordered to be printed. Second reading A second reading is the stage of the legislative process where a draft of a bill is read a second time. In most Westminster-style legislatures, a vote is taken on the general outlines of the bill before being sent to committee. In most non-Westminster-style legislatures, the bill's detailed provisions are considered in the second reading, and then voted on clause by clause. Republic of Ireland In the Oireachtas, the second reading is referred to as "second stage", though the subheading "second reading" is used in Dáil standing orders, and the motion at second stage is still "that the Bill is to be read a second time". A bill introduced in one house enters the other house at second stage, except that the Seanad second stage is waived for Dáil consolidation bills. Once the bill passes second stage it is referred to a select committee of that house or taken in committee stage by the whole house. Israel In the Knesset, the bill's detailed provisions are considered in the second reading, and then voted on clause by clause. However, continuous stretches of clauses without any proposed amendments (which includes different wordings for the same clause written in the original bill), are voted as a single bloc. The starting point for the bill considered in second reading is its post-committee consideration text, which can vary widely from the bill voted on in first reading, even to the point of mergers and splits. New Zealand In New Zealand, once a bill passes a second reading it is then considered clause-by-clause by the whole Parliament. If a majority of Parliament agree, the bill can be considered part-by-part, saving considerable time. Because most bills must have majority support to pass a second reading, it is now very rare for a bill to be considered clause-by-clause. Poland In the Polish Sejm, the second reading comprises a consideration of the committee's report on the bill (as committee consideration between first and second readings), and an introduction of any proposed amendments, although the Sejm's standing orders do not provide for a clause by clause vote on the bill itself, or on any amendment, during the second reading. If amendments are introduced to a bill, it is returned for further committee consideration between second and third readings unless the Sejm decides otherwise. Russia In the Russian State Duma, the bill's detailed provisions are considered in the second reading, and then voted on clause by clause. United Kingdom In both Houses of the British Parliament the second reading includes a debate on the general outlines of the bill, followed by a vote on the motion "that the Bill be now read a second time" (or sometimes on a wrecking amendment to that motion). If the motion is carried, the Bill is then sent either to a Standing Committee or to a Committee of the Whole House, where it is considered and voted on clause by clause. United States In the United States Senate, a bill is either referred to committee or placed on the Calendar of Business after second reading. No vote is held on whether to read the bill a second time. In U.S. legislatures where consideration in committee precedes second reading, the procedure varies as to how a bill reaches second reading. In Illinois, for example, legislation is automatically read a second time, after which amendments are in order. Third reading A third reading is the stage of a legislative process in which a bill is read with all amendments and given final approval by a legislative body. In legislatures whose procedures are based on those of the Westminster system, the third reading occurs after the bill has been amended by committee and considered for amendment at report stage (or, in Israel's case, second reading). In most bicameral legislatures, a bill must separately pass the third reading in both chambers. Once that happens, it is sent on for promulgation, such as royal assent in the Westminster system or signing by the president or governor in the U.S. model. In some bicameral legislatures, such as the Parliament of Poland or of the Czech Republic, a bill must pass three readings in the lower house, but only one reading in the upper house, at which the bill may be passed unchanged, amended, or rejected; and if the bill is not passed unchanged by the upper house, it is returned to the lower house, which may impose its original version by a supermajority, and is sent to promulgation after passing both chambers. This "imperfect" procedure requires that all bills must be introduced to the lower house, although this may be mitigated by giving the upper house the right to submit bills to the lower. In a unicameral legislature, after passing the third reading in the sole chamber, the bill goes on directly for promulgation. Republic of Ireland In the Oireachtas of Ireland, the equivalent of the third reading is referred to as the "fifth stage" or "final stage". The motion is "That the Bill do now pass", except that the Seanad motion for a money bill is "That the Bill be returned to the Dáil". When a bill passes one house, it is sent to the other house and enters at second stage. After both houses have passed the bill, it is sent to the President of Ireland to be signed into law. Poland In the Polish Sejm, the third reading comprises a presentation of the amendments passed in second reading (or of a second committee report on the bill that was returned to committee after second reading), and a voting sequence: first on a motion to reject the bill (if one is introduced), then on the amendments introduced in second reading, and a final vote on the bill as amended. United Kingdom In both Houses of the British Parliament, after a Bill has been reported from the Committee to which it was assigned, consideration of the proposal moves to the so-called "Report Stage", during which further amendments may be table and voted on. After Report Stage has ended, a debate is held on the final Bill, as amended, followed by a vote on the motion "That the Bill be now read a third time". If the motion is carried, the Bill is passed. See also Bill (law) Parliamentary procedure Separation of powers References Bibliography Australian Senate, 'Consideration of legislation', Brief Guides to Senate Procedure, No. 9, Department of the Senate, Canberra. Statutory law	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading%20%28legislature%29
"Devil's Due" is the 13th episode of the fourth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, originally aired on February 4, 1991, in broadcast syndication in the United States. Based on an episode written by William Douglas Lansford for the planned Star Trek: Phase II (1978) television series, it was adapted for The Next Generation by Philip Lazebnik and directed by Tom Benko. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In "Devil's Due", the crew of the Enterprise confront an individual claiming to be Ardra (Marta DuBois), a mythological entity from the planet Ventax II. She claims that the planet, and the orbiting Enterprise, are her legal property due to an agreement signed a thousand years earlier. Together, Captain Jean-Luc Picard (Patrick Stewart) and the crew reveal Ardra to be a con artist, leading to her arrest by the Ventaxian authorities. Numerous changes were made from the original Phase II script, with only the general theme of the episode remaining. Originally pitched for use during season three, following changes made, it was added to season four. Critical reception of the episode has been mixed, with it generally being thought to be very reminiscent of Star Trek: The Original Series. Plot The USS Enterprise receives a distress call from Dr. Howard Clarke (Paul Lambert), the leader of a Federation scientific delegation on Ventax II, where the population is in a state of panic, because they are convinced that their world will soon end. After the Enterprise arrives, they rescue Dr. Clarke who brings them up to date: A thousand years ago, according to Ventaxian history, the population entered a Faustian deal with Ardra, their mythology's devil. In exchange for ending wars and restoring the ecological balance, and improving their heavily polluted planet, the population would become the personal slaves of Ardra a thousand years later. As the millennium is about to come to a close, the planet has recently begun experiencing mild earthquakes, as well as seeing images of Ardra in the skies. These were said to be signs of her arrival. As Captain Picard and Commander Data (Brent Spiner) discuss the matter with the Ventaxian leader, Accost Jared (Marcelo Tubert), a woman appears in the chamber, announcing herself as Ardra. She demonstrates her identity by starting an earthquake at will, and transforming into the Klingon devil Fek'lhr of Gre'Thor. Ardra states that she has come to claim the planet. Picard is instantly suspicious and orders Data to examine the contract that supposedly was signed by Ardra and the leaders of the planet a thousand years earlier. Picard returns to the Enterprise afterwards, and Ardra appears on the bridge, sitting in the Captain's chair. Security Chief Worf (Michael Dorn) is unable to remove her. Data returns just then and confirms the language of the contract as well as Ardra's claim to the planet and anything in its orbit, including the Enterprise. Later, in a meeting with the senior staff, after speculating if she is Q in disguise or another member of the Q Continuum, Picard expresses his belief that she is a con artist and points out that all of her alleged powers can be recreated with theatrically delivered technology. After the meeting, Picard goes to bed for the evening. As Picard sleeps, Ardra appears and tries to seduce him, but he rejects her. She transports him to the planet dressed in his pajamas. Data comes to collect Picard by shuttle after Worf is unable to transport him back the normal way. When Picard and Data attempt to return to the Enterprise, the ship disappears. Not knowing what to do, they return to the planet. Citing old legal precedent, Picard calls for a Ventaxian arbitration hearing, to which Ardra agrees, provided Data acts as the arbitrator, as he will act with impartiality. Picard explains to Jared that his people had actually improved their planet by themselves, through their own gradual hard work, ingenuity, and dedication. However, continued demonstrations of powers further the claim that Ardra is indeed who she says she is. During the course of the hearing, Chief Engineer La Forge (LeVar Burton) and Clarke discover that Ardra has a cloaked ship nearby, that she is indeed using technology to simulate magic, and that she is a known criminal. Picard sends an away team, led by Commander Riker (Jonathan Frakes), to take control of Ardra's ship, giving Picard control of her powers. He demonstrates technology-based fraud and she is taken into custody by local authorities. As Ardra has voluntarily withdrawn her suit, Data proclaims that the 1,000-year-old contract is null and void. Now convinced that Ardra is not Ardra from his culture's mythology, Jared thanks Picard for saving him and his people from their doom. Picard however, states that Jared and the Ventaxians have saved themselves a long time ago. This episode illustrates Arthur C. Clarke's Third Law: "any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." Production The episode was originally developed from a premise for the cancelled Star Trek: Phase II, although it underwent significant changes. It first appeared in a memo dated August 16, 1977, as part of a status update for the cancelled series. The only other episode of Phase II to be redeveloped for The Next Generation was "The Child" from season two. In the original version, the Enterprise visits Naterra and meets the planet's leader, Zxolar, who is concerned that Captain Kirk is an alien called Komether, who is due to return within twenty days to destroy their world. Zxolar suddenly collapses and Doctor McCoy tries to help him, but an energy field surrounds the doctor's head and he runs into a wall and disappears. The landing party searches for McCoy, to no avail, and Zxolar is beamed to the Enterprise. Doctor Chapel attempts to help him, but the energy field appears around her and she passes out. Xon and Kirk discuss the energy and realize it wants Zxolar to die, as it has attacked anyone who helps him. The pair beam back down the planet to investigate the palace in which they met Zxolar and discover an archive that shows them the original agreement made by six philosophers, including a much younger Zxolar, and Komether a thousand years earlier. They note one of the philosophers is Zxolar and Komether is the energy being that attacked the two doctors. As in the later version used on Star Trek: The Next Generation, the agreement was that the being would correct the pollution of the planet in return for ownership of the planet a thousand years later. Xon and Kirk decide to move Zxolar to a life support table and ask for other volunteers, as it is apparent that Komether will attack them as they attempt to save Zxolar. Scotty, Sulu and Chekov all volunteer as well, and the alien disables each of them as they move Zxolar. It is only because of Xon's strength as he is being attacked that they manage to attach Zxolar to a life support machine and his life signs immediately improve. Zxolar tells Kirk about the contract, who retrieves it from the planet's surface and challenges it. Komether appears and agrees to a trial with the Enterprises computer acting as an impartial judge. Kirk realizes that Komether was created by the six philosophers, and as the last remaining, Zxolar is in control of it. Zxolar manages to defeat the creature using his will and releases the stunned crewmen. He finds that McCoy was trapped within the wall and releases him, too. The Enterprise departs shortly thereafter. The story was once again brought up during a story pitch for the season three of The Next Generation, and it was modified by several staff writers. Michael Piller made several changes, including making the devil character female. Marta DuBois was cast as Ardra, after Stella Stevens and Adrienne Barbeau were also considered. Paul Lambert had previously appeared in the episode "When the Bough Breaks" as a member of the Aldean race. Release The episode was originally aired on February 4, 1991, in broadcast syndication in the United States. It was first released on VHS cassette on May 21, 1996. The episode was later included on the Star Trek: The Next Generation season four DVD box set, released in the United States on September 3, 2002. The first Blu-ray release was in the United Kingdom on July 29, 2013, followed by the United States on July 30. On May 25, 1996, episodes "Devils Due" and "Clues" were released on LaserDisc in the United States. Published by Paramount Home Video, the single 12" double sided disc retailed for 34.95 USD. The disc video was NTSC format with a Dolby Surround audio track. CBS announced on September 28, 2011, in celebration of the series' twenty-fifth anniversary, that Star Trek: The Next Generation would be completely re-mastered in 1080p high definition from the original 35mm film negatives. For the remaster almost 25,000 reels of original film stock were rescanned and reedited, and all visual effects were digitally recomposed from original large-format negatives and newly created CGI shots. The release was accompanied by 7.1 DTS Master Audio. On July 30, 2013 "Devil's Due" was released on 1080p high definition as part of the Season 4 Blu-ray box set in the United States. The set was released on July 29, 2013, in the United Kingdom. Reception Several reviewers re-watched Star Trek: The Next Generation after the end of the series. Keith DeCandido watched the episode for Tor.com, and thought that Marta DuBois' performance was "the only reason why this episode is in any way watchable. Barely". He thought that the episode felt more similar to an original series story than a normal Next Generation story, and that was due to the episode's origins. He said "overall, it’s just dumb" and gave it a score of two out of ten. Zack Handlen thought more positively of the episode when he reviewed it for The A.V. Club. He did think that Captain Picard was pretending to be Captain Kirk for most of the episode and that it didn't have any real drama, but that it was "silly, goofy fun for the most part". He thought the episode was "cute" and gave it an overall score of B+. Robert Blackman was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Costumes for a Series for his work in this episode. It was instead awarded to Bill Hargate for his work on the Murphy Brown episode "Eldin Imitates Life". Blackman would go on to win the award for the following two years for the episodes "Cost of Living" and "Time's Arrow, Part II". See also Barge of the Dead (Star Trek: Voyager) (This episode further explores Klingon afterlife including Gre'thor) References Bibliography External links "Devil's Due" rewatch by Keith R. A. DeCandido Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 4) episodes 1991 American television episodes Star Trek: Phase II Fiction about the Devil Television episodes about magic Works based on the Faust legend	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil%27s%20Due%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20The%20Next%20Generation%29
Mir Laiq Ali (died 24 October 1971) was the last Prime Minister of Hyderabad State under the rule of the Nizam, Mir Osman Ali Khan. His official title was "President of the Executive Council of the Nizam of Hyderabad". Career Mir Laiq Ali was an engineer and an industrialist. He served as the Prime Minister of Hyderabad State from November 1947 until the Operation Polo "police action" of September 1948. During his tenure he struggled to maintain Hyderabad's status as an independent country as a monarchy within the British Commonwealth. After the defeat of the Hyderabadi defence forces and merger of Hyderabad into the Dominion of India, he was kept under house arrest at his home in Begumpet. In March 1950, he left forever to the Dominion of Pakistan. In Pakistan, he served in the government. He died in New York on 24 October 1971, while on an official assignment on behalf of Pakistan, and was laid to rest in the holy city of Medina, Saudi Arabia. See also Operation Polo Osman Ali Khan, Asif Jah VII Bibliography Tragedy of Hyderabad by Mir Laik Ali References External links How Hyderabad's Last Premiere fled 20th-century Indian Muslims Muhajir people 1971 deaths Prime Ministers of Hyderabad State 1903 births Hyderabad State independence activists Indian emigrants to Pakistan	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir%20Laiq%20Ali
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, known in Japan as , is a Japanese anime television series adaptation based on four of the original early 20th century Oz books by L. Frank Baum. In Japan, the series aired on TV Tokyo from 1986 to 1987. It consists of 52 episodes, which explain other parts of the Oz stories, including the events that happened after Dorothy returned home. One of the TV series' writers, Akira Miyazaki, also wrote for the 1982 anime film of the same Japanese name. The series was also the final adaption of the series before the source material entered the public domain in 1989. Many of the series' staffers, such as director Hiroshi Saitō and character designer Shūichi Seki, also worked on Nippon Animation's World Masterpiece Theater, so that the look and narrative style of the series feel similar to a WMT anime even though Nippon Animation itself was not involved in the production. Plot The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is split into four distinct parts, or story arcs, each loosely based on different Oz books originally written by L. Frank Baum. The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (episodes 1 to 17) The first story arc is an adaptation of the first Oz book, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). It follows the adventures of Dorothy, an orphan girl living out in the gray prairies of Kansas with her Aunt Em, her Uncle Henry and her dog Toto. One day, after Em and Uncle Henry leave Dorothy and Toto alone in order to travel into town, a tornado appears, uproots the farmhouse, with Dorothy and Toto inside, and transports it to the Land of Oz. In Oz Dorothy meets the Good Witch of the North, who tells her that she just killed the Wicked Witch of the East, as her house landed directly on top of her, and by doing so she freed the Munchkins from slavery. She also tells her that the only person able to send her back home is the Wizard of Oz. Dorothy is given the Silver Shoes of the Wicked Witch of the East and sent off along the Yellow Brick Road towards the Emerald City to see the Wonderful Wizard of Oz in hope of getting back to Kansas. On her way to the Wizard, Dorothy meets the Scarecrow, made entirely of straw and lacking a brain, the Tin Woodman, made entirely from metal and lacking a heart, and the Cowardly Lion who wishes to become brave. Along their journey, the group comes to a large ditch in the road, and the Lion provides transportation by jumping across while the others sit on his back. The group then enters a dark forest and become trapped at the edge of a steep canyon, while being chased by the Kalidahs (animals with the bodies of bears and the heads of tigers). The Lion and the Scarecrow distract them as the Tin Man cuts down a tree which enables the group to cross the opening of the canyon. After escaping the Kalidahs, the Scarecrow gets caught in the middle of a river on a pole which cuts them off from the Yellow Brick Road, but luckily Mrs. Crane (an actual crane) saves him. A deadly field of poppies puts Dorothy, Toto and the Lion to sleep, but they manage to escape with the help of the Mouse Queen, and her subjects, whom the Tin Man rescued from a wildcat. They arrive at the Emerald City the next day, and thanks to the Good Witch of the North's kiss (on Dorothy's forehead) they are let in. Once they are in the Emerald City, they request to see the Wizard of Oz. The Wizard grants an individual audience to each of them in a dark reception hall and changes his appearance with each one of them—he meets Dorothy, as a Giant Head; the Scarecrow, as a lovely angel-like lady; the Tin Man, as a terrible beast; and the Lion, as a ball of fire. He tells them that he will help them only if they kill the Wicked Witch of the West. The friends then set off on a quest for the castle of the Wicked Witch of the West. Meanwhile, the Wicked Witch of the West is busy forcing the Winkies (her slaves) to build her a new fortress which she will use to conquer the Land of Oz. As she senses the friends coming, and confirms it by seeing them in her magic mirror, she sends out wolves, crows and an army of her Winkie Soldiers—which Dorothy and her friends easily beat. The friends meet an old Winkie, the former Mayor, who fills them in on the Wicked Witch of the West. The Witch uses her Golden Cap to command the Winged Monkeys, ordering them to bring her the Lion and kill the rest. As the group near the witch's castle, the Winged Monkeys attack who manage to destroy the Scarecrow (by emptying his body) and the Tin Man (by dropping him from a great height). They are, however, unable to harm Dorothy due to the Good Witch's kiss and are forced to take her along with the captured Lion. The Wicked Witch of the West keeps the Lion locked in a cell intending to use him to pull her carriage. She decides to spare Dorothy and keep her as her personal cook upon seeing she has the magic shoes and tries various tricks to get them off her feet, to no avail. Dorothy eventually tips a large water jar upon the Witch, and all her evil work dies with her as she melts away. The grateful Winkies then help Dorothy find her friends and restore them. Soon the friends are together again, and Dorothy discovers the Wicked Witch's Golden Cap. Her friends make her promise that she will not use the cap to summon the Winged Monkeys, as the idea terrifies them. As the group spends a few days relaxing in the Witch's castle with their new Winkie friends, they are visited by a boy named Tip and his guardian, Mombi. Mombi is a witch in training and upon hearing that her old friend the Wicked Witch of the West is dead, she decides to steal the Golden Cap from Dorothy. She transforms herself into a large gray cat and attempts to steal the cap while Dorothy is sleeping. Her plot is thwarted by the Cowardly Lion. Tip explains Mombi's plot and apologizes to Dorothy. Dorothy uses the Golden Cap, against her friends' wishes, to have the Winged Monkeys transport Tip and Mombi back to their distant home. Before the group leaves Winkie-Land, the Winkies declare the Tin Man as their king. As they make their way back to the Emerald City they become lost in an enormous forest and struggle against a monstrous spider. The animals of the forest are thankful that the Lion defeated the Monster Spider and make him king to show their gratitude. Dorothy uses the Golden Cap to call the Winged Monkeys who then take her and her friends back to the Emerald City. They return to the Emerald City to find the Wizard not only invisible but still unwilling to grant their wishes, asking them to return later. However Dorothy and her friends refuse to be turned away again and start to argue with the Wizard as Toto reveals the Wizard is actually a normal man. The Wizard reveals he is actually a traveling magician from Nebraska who was accidentally swept away to Oz in his hot air balloon, and decided to pretend to be a Wizard as it was only the fear of a powerful magician that stopped the two Wicked Witches from taking over the whole land. He soon realizes that Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion already possess what they desire and gives them items that they believe grant their wishes (Scarecrow's head is filled with sawdust and nails, Tin Man is given a wooden heart and Lion is given colored water that he is told represents courage) but cannot think of how to get Dorothy home. Scarecrow hits upon the idea to use the Wizard's hot air balloon to get Dorothy back to Kansas, and the Wizard agrees saying he will go back with her having tired of life in Oz. Before he leaves, he makes Scarecrow the King of Oz however Toto escapes from Dorothy's arms to chase a mouse and they miss the balloon's launching. Dorothy is devastated, but remembers she has the Golden Cap and can summon the Winged Monkeys and order them to take her home. Summoning them, Dorothy is told they cannot cross the boundaries of Oz and has wasted her last wish but it is suggested she visits Glinda, the Good Witch of the South. She decides to head there straight away, and despite already having had their wishes granted and kingdoms waiting for them to rule the Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion decide to travel with her still and ensure that she gets home. On their way to see Glinda they encounter a fighting tree, and a country full of miniature living people and animals made entirely of china. They are then nearly crushed by a pack of Hammer-Heads, but are rescued by a group of gnomes who help them escape through a series of caves. They, at last, reach the palace of Glinda who agrees to see them. Glinda, who is kind and caring, listens to Dorothy's stories of her adventures and tells her that she will be able to return home. Before she does so, she requests that the Golden Cap be turned over to her. Useless to her now, Dorothy happily agrees and Glinda tells her that she intends to use it to return Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion to their respective kingdoms so they don't have to face the dangers they encountered travelling to her again. She then tells Dorothy that she has had the power to return home since her first day in Oz through the magic shoes, and by clicking the heels together three times they will do whatever she commands. Despite this new knowledge, Dorothy and her friends agree it was a good thing she didn't know as they would never have met each other. After bidding a tearful farewell to her Tin Man, Lion and Scarecrow (who tells Dorothy that he feels they will meet again), Dorothy tells the shoes to return her home and they do just that, lifting her into the sky. Landing in Kansas, she wakes up to see her farmhouse in the distance. There, she is reunited with Aunt Em and Uncle Henry. The Marvelous Land of Oz (episodes 18 to 30) The second story arc is an adaptation of the second Oz book, The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904). Aunt Em and Uncle Henry are nearly finished building their new farm-house (after the former one was taken away by the cyclone) when Toto and Dorothy suddenly appear. Dorothy tells them of her adventures in Oz, but even though they find it hard to believe her, they are delighted that she has returned home. Dorothy searches for one of her magic shoes, which fell off on the journey home, but is unable to find it. Later, when the family goes shopping for supplies in town, a circus being prepared has Dorothy reunited with the Wizard of Oz. Eventually, Aunt Em finds the other shoe, and Dorothy eagerly and carelessly uses both shoes to return to Oz, leaving Toto and the shoes in Kansas, but also leaving Aunt Em and Uncle Henry believing her. Dorothy arrives back to the Land of Oz and is reunited with Tip, who is making a pumpkin-man to scare Mombi. It works, but Mombi tries out the Come-Alive Powder, and Jack Pumpkinhead comes to life. Mombi, who mistakes Dorothy for a witch, schemes to steal her powers and turn her into stone, but the children and Jack escape, with Mombi chasing after them. Later, they come across a wooden saw horse and decide to bring it to life with the Come-Alive Powder they have stolen from Mombi. They run on ahead with Jack to Emerald City, where they are reunited with King Scarecrow of Oz. Dorothy and Tip meet General Jijnur who, with her All-Girl Army, plans to overthrow King Scarecrow and become Queen of the Emerald City. After the Gate-Guardian is defeated by Jinjur's army, Dorothy and Tip warn Scarecrow of the Invasion, and the friends make their escape, just as Mombi arrives at Emerald City. As Mombi joins General Jinjur in her plot to overthrow Oz, the friends go on to the West (despite the Saw-Horse's broken leg accident) and ask the Tin Man for help. Mombi uses her magic to surround the friends with a field of Sunflowers, which thanks to Jinjur doesn't last long. The Mouse Queen is called upon to help her friends with their mission and gives them her Secret Weapon. After more magic tricks, like a giant cliff-like wall and a circle of fire, the friends finally return to Emerald City and find it in bad shape—all the men are doing the hard work while the women can do whatever they want. In the Throne Room Jinjur, Mombi and the Army surround Dorothy & her friends, but is no match for the Mouse Queen's Secret Weapon. Jinjur attempts to attack, while Scarecrow decides for them to escape using the Come-Alive Powder. Jack uses the Wizard's old tricks to distract and scare the girls as his friends put together and bring to life a Moose-Bed (a canopy bed with a stuffed Moose head attached). Once everything is together, the friends narrowly escape and head off to Glinda in the South. But Mombi causes the Moose-Bed and his passengers to drift away into a valley of mist, mountains and cliffs, where they are encountered, captured and eventually manage to escape one of several giant dragons. They arrive at Glinda's castle and Glinda is aware of their dilemma. Although she is willing to help free the Emerald City of Mombi and Jinjur, Glinda informs the group she will not restore Scarecrow as king having recently discovered that his claim to the throne is illegal. She tells everyone that the King of Oz died just before the Wizard arrived and it was believed that he had left no heir to the throne, bringing to an end the royal lineage. However Glinda has discovered that he did father a child just before he died; a girl named Ozma who disappeared soon after as she was removed by the Wizard due to him not wishing to lose the power he had gained by becoming ruler. Watching through Glinda's crystal ball, the group learns that the Wizard left Ozma with none other than Mombi. Scarecrow is not upset about no longer being king, having quickly tired of the position and the group decides to return to the Emerald City (accompanied by Glinda) to oust Jinjur and find out from Mombi what she did with Ozma. Upon returning to the Emerald City, Glinda frightens Jinjur and her army into surrendering and orders Mombi to cooperate with Dorothy and her group before leaving while the Gump and the Sawhorse are left at the gate. When Scarecrow arrives, he announces that Jinjur will soon no longer rule the city but he also renounces the throne, informing then all that Princess Ozma is alive and he intends to organize a search for her. However, with Glinda gone Jinjur and Mombi take back their intention to co-operate a try a "disguise" trick which does not last long—the friends look for Mombi throughout the palace and find Jinur and Mombi arguing with each other, breaking off their 'teamwork', only to have Mombi transform herself into a dragon. Glinda appears and chases after the escaping Mombi-Dragon and easily triumphs over her. Using her magic, Glinda has Mombi reveal what she did to Ozma. Mombi reveals that, in order to prevent anyone from finding Ozma she used a magic spell to transform her into a boy. Everyone realized the startling truth... Tip is really Ozma. Tip becomes scared at the thought, but everyone assures him that he is really Ozma and was meant to rule and will do a fine job of it. When Glinda offers Tip the choice to remain as he is or have Mombi's spell broken, Tip bravely agrees to breaking the spell and he transforms into Princess Ozma. Glinda the removes Mombi's powers and orders her and Jinjur to return to their homes and lead quiet lives which they both agree to. She then offers Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tinman and Jack a reward for their help. Tin Man asks to return to the West as does Scarecrow and will now live with Tin Man in his palace. Jack wishes to remain with Princess Ozma while Dorothy asks to return to Kansas. Glinda agrees and transports Dorothy, Scarecrow and Tin Man to their homes, and as she disappears Dorothy bids her old and new friends farewell and promises to see them again. (It is unknown what happens to the Sawhorse and the Gump, they probably could've went off on their own to have more adventures) Ozma of Oz (episodes 31 to 41) The third part of the series is an adaptation of the third Oz book, Ozma of Oz (1907). It starts with Uncle Henry, Aunt Em, Dorothy and Toto sleeping peacefully in their Kansas beds, but as Dorothy's Magic Shoes start glowing, causing the Shoes to transport Dorothy back to Oz, leaving Toto & her Magic Shoes in Kansas. She arrives in the Land of Ev, where a trio of Wheelers rudely wakes her up and accuses her of being a witch. Dorothy escapes the Wheelers, and finds a little mechanical robot called Tik-Tok which she winds up. She learns that Tik-Tok was on a secret mission, given to him by Princess Langwidere, to free the prince of Ev, but he got himself into trouble with the Wheelers. Then, rather than he protecting Dorothy, Dorothy defends Tik-Tok from the Wheelers and accompanied by him goes off to meet Princess Langwidere. Langwidere locks Dorothy and Tik-Tok in the dungeon. As Dorothy and Tik-Tok ask Mr. Mouse to get help from Oz, Princess Langwidere greets Ozma, Scarecrow, Tin Man and Jack Pumpkin head. Mr. Mouse gets Lion to come to Ev and inform his friends of Dorothy's imprisonment. It is then suggested that while Ozma and Jack would return to Oz, Dorothy and Tik-Tok with the accompany of Dorothy’s friends would go to Nomeland to rescue Princess Langwidere's brother, the Prince of Ev from the Nome King. The group crosses a dangerous Desert, which consists of a sandstorm, funny looking plants, a giant beetle and only one oasis in the entire sandy waste. They come across giant bones and a ship. While the group decides to rest in the ship for the night, they meet Billina, a Talking Hen (who acts like a Rooster), who was once the Nome King's chicken. She tells them the way to Nomeland, before giving Tik-Tok an egg. On the way to Nomeland, the friends travel through rocky caverns where they encounter and manage to escape one of two Rock Giants and a Ruined City. They arrive at the Gateway which leads down into the Nome King's Underground Kingdom. After walking alongside a River of Flowing Lava, as well as crossing over it, they walk through an Ornament Hallway and meet the Nome King. Knowing why they are here he tells them of his power and that if they would want to free the Prince, they would have to play his Guessing Ornament Game. After Tik-Tok mistakenly turns into an ornament first, Kaliko tricks the Lion, the Tin Man and the Scarecrow in their guesses, turning them into ornaments. Dorothy, however, tricks the two Nomes into revealing the Prince of Ev and restores her friends. But when they try to leave, they end up getting trapped where Nome King & Kaliko scare them with pouring giant-tubs of lava, until they see and are terrified by the egg which Tik-Tok has secretly hidden. With the Prince of Ev, the group tries to leave, but the Nome King isn't going to make it easy for them—he tries to drown them in a river of lava and catapults them with giant boulders. When it is finally decided that they have to follow the underground river for the way out, the Nome King, Kaliko and the Nomes attack them again with flying boulders. Fortunately, this attack gives the friends an opening to escape. They thank Billina for her help, but then the ship and the surrounding sand begins to sink by the Nome King again, but once Lion saves Scarecrow from being lost they are all finally free and safe from the Nome King, despite his displeasure. The friends then decide that it is time to go home. (It is unknown if Tik-Tok and Billina have decided to move to Oz) The Emerald City of Oz (episodes 42 to 52) The fourth and final story arc of the series is an adaptation of the sixth Oz book, The Emerald City of Oz (1910). Continuing on directly from the last story arc, the Nome King is now planning his revenge. Meanwhile, Dorothy is still in Oz. She and Scarecrow has been busy chasing Ozma around the Emerald City, which takes them into a Secret Chamber. Even in the darkness, Ozma discovers a door which reveals to them the Heart of the Emerald City and the history of Oz, proving to Ozma that she must prepare a coronation to be Queen of Oz. Back at the underground kingdom of the Nomes, an Invasion specialist named Guph suggests that in order to conquer the Emerald City they must make a tunnel which will take them to the Emerald City. Along with Guph's Giant Dirt-Devouring Worm, the Nomes make the tunnel and pass underneath the 'Deadly' Desert. In the meantime, Scarecrow discovers a small box in the Wizard's Chamber which transports Dorothy and Ozma into a world where they meet Miss Cuttenclip the Paper Queen and Mr. Fuddles the Puzzle Man who creates a door which returns the girls back to Oz. As everybody gets everything ready, Dorothy and Ozma practice her magic powers by making a Giant Paper Bird come to life, so that they can ride it in the sky whenever they wish. Knowing the Nomes' fear and weakness, Guph also enlists the help of the monstrous Growleywog to ensure their victory. Practicing for the Coronation, Ozma's magic reveals where to find the Fountain of the Water of Oblivion, an important part of the Coronation. Growleywog emerges in the West and starts devouring areas of the country. The terrified Winkies tell their King the Tin Man of the monster, and Dorothy also learns of the news. As the Tin Man battles Growleywog, Dorothy borrows the Magic Bird and tries to solve the problem without ruining any plans for Ozma. Underground, the Worm's failed attempt to go any further unto the emerald city gets Guph and the Nome King into an argument. Nome King & his Army attempts to charge Emerald City, but Scarecrow's wondering of where and looking for Dorothy forces them back into the tunnel. After Dorothy manages to find the Winkie Timsmith to help her rescue Tin Man from the Growleywog, Guph sneaks into the Emerald City, going along the many stairs and doors, only to lose his memory in the Palace. Dorothy meets a pleasant Guph the next morning and the Nome King is worried. Ozma's Coronation is a success—despite Dorothy's exhaustion—and afterwards Tin Man talks to Ozma, the Lion and the Scarecrow on how to deal with Growleywog, which at that time is rejoined by the Nomes. That night, Growleywog leads the Nomes in invasion of the Emerald City. As the Tin Man thwarts some of the Nomes, Scarecrow tells Dorothy his plan for a rescue. The friends do their best in scaring and attacking the Nomes with eggs, while the Lion watches over Ozma in her room, but their attempts are foiled and all seems lost for Dorothy and Scarecrow, but a voice comforts Dorothy, promising that all will be well. The next morning everybody is imprisoned by the Nome King and Dorothy wakes up to find herself alone in the Emerald City with the Growleywog and Guph, who has regained his memory but still protects her. Ozma uses her magic to save her people and trick the Nome King and his followers into defeat. Back in Oz, Glinda appears and congratulates Ozma on a job well done as the Nomes, Growlewog and Worm return home. Dorothy tells Glinda she knows it was her voice she heard, and realizes it is time to go home. However she is not sad, as she knows that she will be able to return to Oz anytime she wants thanks to Ozma's magic. Dorothy bids goodbye to her friends promising to return soon, and is then sent back to Kansas where she reunites with Aunt Em, Uncle Henry and Toto. Comparison with the original stories The major change from the book in the second story arc was that the Woggle-Bug wasn't present, and Dorothy was incorporated into the story (she was not present in the original novel The Marvelous Land of Oz which that story arc is based upon). The other major change is that Glinda, who in the novel abhors transformations, transforms herself into an eagle to fight with Mombi, who has taken the form of a dragon (she became a gryphon in the novel, and was chased into the Deadly Desert by Glinda riding aboard the Saw-Horse). Another change is that unlike in the book, the Gump is mute and uses body language to communicate. Many scenarios from the third story arc were either loosely based on the original stories, moved around and even left out. The Nome King, designed as short and plump, is closer to Baum/Neil's original cheeky book version, except for the fact that he, Kaliko and the Nomes all have tall pointy hats. While the book originally had an Iron Giant with a Hammer, this animated version has two Rock Giants. The Wheelers are changed from many mischievous well-dressed people with wheels-instead-of-hands-&-feet to 3 little hairy cave-like men wearing beanies that move around on stone wheels like uni-cycle, with short tempers and loud gruff voices. Instead of heads, Princess Langwidere changes her hats, which 'match' her moods. Though still based on the books, the stories of the third and fourth arcs strayed heavily from their source material. Characters were renamed and bore no resemblance to how they appeared in the books (i.e. The Prince of Ev, Princess Langwidere, Lord Kaliko, The Growleywog, General Guph, Giant Worm), or simply were not present at all. The plot was changed a lot too—the characters can freely walk across the Deadly Desert unharmed, Billina does not even come from Kansas. the original books have the Nomes all illustrated fat bodies with skinny arms & legs, Guff looks like a small Chinese man with long whiskers and there is Growleywog, which was put instead of an army of tall skinny but strong malicious-looking men, which was designed as a big fat growling monster. A major plot theme from The Emerald City of Oz—Aunt Em and Uncle Henry coming to Oz—never happens at all. Dorothy also leaves Oz once again to go home to Kansas in the end. Characters Dorothy Gale: Dorothy is the main heroine of the series. She lives with her Uncle Henry and Aunt Em on a farm in Kansas. Dorothy travels to Oz in a cyclone where she makes many new friends and shows great bravery. Dorothy wishes to return home to Kansas, so as not to worry her uncle and aunt, from the first moment she arrives in Oz. Toto: Dorothy's small Cairn Terrier dog, who barks on whomever he sees. He was given to Dorothy by Uncle Henry as a present. Scarecrow: The Scarecrow used to stand in the middle of a large corn field in the Munchkin Country and was supposed to frighten the crows (but failed at this task), until he met in Dorothy on her way to the Emerald City. The "brainless" Scarecrow joins Dorothy on her journey in the hope that The Wizard will give him a brain. Even though he does not believe it yet, the Scarecrow already has a sharp brain full of brilliant ideas, and he proves this throughout the whole journey. Tin Man: Originally a human, the Wicked Witch of the East transformed him into a Tin Man made entirety out of tin. She also took his heart from him so that he would not be able to ever love again. Since he is made entirety from metal, the Tin Man gets rusty quickly when in contact with water. One day, whilst chopping down trees in the forest it started to rain, and he was stuck in middle of the forest for more than a whole year until Dorothy and the Scarecrow met him by coincidence and helped him out. The "heart-less" Tin Man wants to be able to love again and therefore joins Dorothy on her journey in the hope that The Wizard will give him a heart. Soon becomes Ruler of the Winkies after the Wicked Witch of the West is melted. Cowardly Lion: The lion previously lived in the large forest situated in Munchkin Country. The Cowardly Lion was always cowardly, fearing everything. The Cowardly Lion joins the gang on the journey to the Emerald City in the hope that The Wizard will give him some courage. Even though he doesn't know it, throughout the journey the Cowardly Lion proves to be very brave and courageous, and all he needed was to boost his self-confidence. Tip / Princess Ozma: The little mischievous boy Tip was first introduced in an episode of the first story arc, and played a prominent role in the second, accompanying Dorothy on her second adventure in Oz. At the end of The Marvelous Land of Oz, he was actually Princess Ozma, heir to the throne of Oz. When the previous King of Oz disappeared, the Wizard of Oz became the caregiver of his daughter, Princess Ozma. The wizard wanted to rule the Emerald City without any disturbances, so he gave the Princess Ozma to Mombi who had always wanted children of her own. Mombi pitied the little baby and did not want the princess to suffer from growing up with her, and therefore transformed her into a baby boy and named her Tip. Dorothy met Tip for the first time at Mombi's. Tip was very connected to Mombi—he knows that under the scary exterior hides a warm, loving, humane mother who gave him a warm home and love throughout all the years. The gang went to Mombi because they were trying to figure out what happened to Princess Ozma, since they wanted to her, as the true ruler of the Oz's Throne, to become the ruler of the Emerald City. After investigating Mombi, she tells them her biggest secret, which had she sworn never to tell—Tip is actually Princess Ozma. Glinda removes the spell that was cast upon Princess Ozma, and she becomes the new ruler of Oz. Princess Ozma is very mischievous, and is somewhat of a tomboy—she likes to climb on trees and play soccer. She thinks Dorothy is much more worthy of being the ruler of Oz than her. Princess Ozma is considered to be a good ruler by the citizens of Oz and is very popular. Jack Pumpkinhead: Jack Pumpkinhead was introduced in The Marvelous Land of Oz, and was created by Tip as a way of scaring Mombi. Jack was brought to life with the Powder of Life. The Sawhorse: The Sawhorse was also introduced in The Marvelous Land of Oz, and brought to life using the Powder of Life. He accompanies Dorothy, Tip and Jack on their journey to the Emerald City to see the Scarecrow. The Gump: The Gump was also introduced in The Marvelous Land of Oz, and brought to life using the Powder of Life. He doesn't talk, but he can understand his friends and he is able to fly, thanks to the craftsmanship of Dorothy and her crew. Billina: Billina is a chicken introduced in Ozma of Oz, when she is inhabiting a ship in the desert. Billina plays an important role in the escape of Dorothy and her friends by giving them one of her eggs—unbeknownst to her, eggs are poisonous to Nomes. She takes a liking to Tik-Tok. Tik-Tok: Tik-Tok is a mechanic robot that plays a prominent role in Ozma of Oz. He was previously the best friend of the Prince of Ev, and meets Dorothy during her first encounter with the Wheelers in the Land of Ev. Tik-tok joins Dorothy and Co on their journey into the Nome King's kingdom to find the Prince of Ev. Paper Bird: A big origami bird brought to life by Ozma. Allies Uncle Henry and Aunt Em: The sister of Dorothy's mother, Aunt Em adopted Dorothy, after her mother's death. While Uncle Henry works on the farm to provide the family, Aunt Em works at home and takes care of the farm's animals and of Dorothy. Later, when Dorothy returns home to Kansas with the help of her magic shoes, Aunt Em and Uncle Henry refuse to believe Dorothy's tales of her adventures in Oz, dismissing them as hallucinations. Good Witch of the North: The Good Witch of the North appears in the first episodes of the show, when Dorothy arrives for the first time in Oz, mistakenly killing the Wicked Witch of the East, so the Good Witch of the North comes to thank her. She is very clumsy and confused all of the time—she is actually convinced that Dorothy is a good witch herself, who has come a long distance in order to help the nation munchkins that was suffering from the evil witch's rulership. The Good Witch of the North rules the northern country and had great powers in the past, but nowadays her powers have weakened. She is not able to help Dorothy return home and she never heard of Kansas, therefore she sends Dorothy to the great Wizard of Oz who lives in the Emerald City to help her get back home. She gives Dorothy a basket of food, the shoes of the Wicked Witch of the East, and her famous signature kiss. The Good Witch of the North is known for her powers of healing. She has the ability to easily cure every sick person and to prevent diseases with the help of her magic powers. She also has the ability to give a protective kiss—which turns whoever receives it to be protected from all bad. Dorothy receives the kiss in the second episode, and since then no one can hurt her, even though many villains try throughout the series—they all fail due to the powerful kiss. Munchkins Guardian of the Gates The Wizard of Oz: The Wizard lives in the Emerald City and was reputed to have the biggest and greatest magic powers in all of Oz. All the inhabitants of Oz fear him and his powers. He is the ruler of the Emerald City, the capital of Oz, and from there he controls the entire country. No-one has ever seen his face. When Dorothy and her friends arrive the Emerald City, they are able to meet with the Wizard due to the a kiss that the Good Witch from the North gave Dorothy. The Wizard promises to fulfill their requests on condition that they kill the Witch of the West. The courageous gang manage to kill the Wicked Witch of the West, endangering their own lives the process. When they return to the Wizard, he is not interested in seeing them and tries to postpone meeting them. When they gang bursts into the big hall, they find out that he is just a man that has been deceiving everyone with tricks. He was the announcer in a circus and worked in a Hot air balloon, until one day the rope which was holding the balloon loosened up and the balloon carried him all the way to Oz. The people of the Emerald City thought that he was a great wizard because he came down from the skies—and he let them believe it. Unfortunately the Wizard is not able to help Dorothy return to Kansas. Dorothy meets the Wizard again in Kansas, before she returns to Oz for the second time. It is later revealed that after the King of Oz died the Wizard removed Princess Ozma, his only heir, and turned her over to Mombi so he wouldn't lose the power he had gained. Glinda the Good Witch of the South: Glinda features throughout the whole series. Initially, Dorothy and her friends travel to Glinda so that she can help Dorothy return to Kansas. Glinda instructs Dorothy on how to use her magic shoes to return to Kansas, and makes Scarecrow the King of Oz, Tin Man the ruler of the Winkies and Lion the king of the forest. Glinda also plays a role in the later story arcs, helping to transform Tip into Ozma. Queen of the Field Mice: The Queen first met the gang whilst they were passing through the deadly poppy field, which puts Dorothy, Toto and Lion into a deep sleep. The Scarecrow and the Tin Man are immune, and are in the process of dragging them out of the field when they see the queen of the Field Mice being chased by a big cat. The Tin Man, helps her and rescues her immediately from the cat. The queen, owing her life to the gang, asks them if there is anything that she and the field mice could to do for them in return. With the mice's help, Dorothy, Lion and Toto are taken out of the poppy field. Since that incident, the gang became good friends with the Queen of the Field Mice, and the Field Mice help the gang from time to time throughout the series. The Prince of Ev: The Prince of Ev is the descendant to a dynasty of kings who used to rule Oz. The prince grew up with Tik-tok, a robot built especially for him. The prince grew up, and enjoyed exploring the kingdom and its neighboring kingdoms over the years, until one day, on one of his tours with Tik-tok in the desert, the prince disappeared without leaving a trace. Tik-tok returned to the royal palace to inform his parents, hoping they would obtain their boy. With time it became clear that the Nome King kidnapped him. The prince bothered the Nome King, because prince was tall, a fact which irritated the king. Therefore, the Nome King kidnapped the Prince of Ev and cast a spell over him that would prevent him from growing any more. The Prince of Ev's parents became very sad. With their son was gone, their lives was filled with great sorrow and they did not want to rule the country any more—so they dismissed themselves of the kingship. Their daughter, Princess Langwidere, became the ruler of Ev. Dorothy and her gang, on a mission from Ozma, eventually find out that the prince was transformed into an iron sculpture by the Nome King. The King agrees to free the prince from the spell only if they enter one-by-one into a room full of iron sculptures, and each guess which of the sculptures is the prince of Ev, and touch it. Whomever would failed to find him would also transform into an iron sculpture. Villains Wicked Witch of the East: The Wicked Witch of the West's sister who Dorothy crushed with her house at the beginning of the show. Dorothy 'inherits' the witch's magical shoes. Wicked Witch of the West: Hated in all of Oz, the Wicked Witch of the West has conquered all of the western part of Oz, ruling it and transforming all of the inhabitants into her slaves. She has magical powers even stronger than Glinda's, and frightens the Wizard of Oz, inspiring him to get rid of her. He sends Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man the Cowardly Lion to destroy her. The witch is forcing the Winkies to build a new fortress for her which she will use to conquer Oz. She seeing the gang of four coming in a magic mirror and sends out wolves, crows and an Army of her Winkie Soldiers out to attack them—but Dorothy's friends are easily able to beat them. The witch acts cruelly to those who try to rebel her and those dare to disobey her, she transforms into a sculpture of stone. When she notices Dorothy's shoes, the witch realises that she would be able to gain back all of the powers that she had lost by the means of the formidable shoes, and conspires to steal them. No one has knowledge of the witch's weakness—she would dissolve in water. The Witch uses her last command of the Golden Cap to call the Winged Monkeys, who manage to take apart the Scarecrow and Tin Man, capturing the Lion (who she wants to harness to her carriage). Dorothy and Toto are also spared, thanks to the Good Witch's kiss, and the monkeys bring her to the witch's fortress where Dorothy is forced to be the Witch's slave. The witch claims that her powers are much stronger than the Good Witch of the North, and therefore the Good Witch's kiss is insignificant to her. However, the truth is that the witch is petrified of the combination of the good witch's kiss and Dorothy's shoes. Dorothy and the lion eventually manage to escape and hide from the witch. When the witch discovers their hide out, she gets very angry and turns the lion into a stone sculpture and threatens Dorothy and Toto that she will turn them into stone too if Dorothy does not hand over her shoes. The witch almost ends up burning Toto with her witchcraft, and so Dorothy surrenders and gives the witch one shoe, promising to give the other after she would frees Toto from the flames. Toto jumps into a large vat of water, and splashes water on the Wicked Witch of the West, melting her. Winged Monkeys: The Winged Monkeys are introduced in the first quarter of the series, when the Wicked Witch of the West uses the Golden Cap to call them to destroy Scarecrow, Tin Man, Dorothy and Toto, and to bring the Lion back to her palace. After Dorothy destroys the Wicked Witch of the West, she takes the Golden Cap. She uses the Golden Cap three times. She then gives the Golden Cap to Glinda the Good Witch of the South, who uses the Winged Monkeys to return Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion to their new homes. The Winged Monkeys do not feature in the subsequent three quarters of the series. Hammerheads: Mean armless creatures with hard, flat heads who come out the ground like worms. They do not allow anyone in their land and never even apologize for their harmful actions. Mombi: Mombi is a witch took care of Princess Ozma, after changing her into a boy named Tip. General Jinjur: General Jinjur and her four woman army staged a revolt against, and temporarily took control of, the Emerald City in the second story arc. Princess Lulu: The Prince of Ev's sister, and the current ruler of Ev. She possesses many different hats, which will change her mood depending on which one is wearing. Princess Lulu requested from Princess Ozma to help find her brother—the throne of the kingdom does not interest her and she only wants the Prince of Ev to return and become the ruler of the country. Princess Ozma sends the Tin man, the Scarecrow, Dorothy, the Lion and Tik-tok on an expedition in the land of Ev to find the Prince of Ev. Known as Langwidere in the book. Wheelers: Small hairy people who move on wheels, seen first in a group of three. There are very mean when they meet Dorothy. Tik-Tok is after one of their hats, they don't like him either so Dorothy protects him from the Wheelers and forces them to leave. Nomes: The Nomes are immortal rock fairies who dwell underground. They hide jewels and precious metals in the earth, and resent the "upstairs people" who dig down for those valuables. The Nome King: The Nome King is the ruler of the Nome kingdom, located in the Deadly Desert. He has tried to conquer all of Oz before to gain control of the Emerald City—but has thus far failed due to the warm climate of the desert, and the strong sun light which exhausted all of the Nomes. The Nome King is of very short stature, and tries to make up for it by proving to everyone how big of a ruler he is—he dried out the whole sea until there was only a big desert left (because it made him feel small), and he kidnapped the Prince of Ev. After Dorothy and her friends rescue the prince from the Nome King in Ozma of Oz, the King is enraged and plots his revenge by conquering Oz and ruling the Emerald City of Oz with the help of General Guph and a Giant Worm (in The Emerald City of Oz). The nomes use the worm to dig a tunnel under the Deadly Desert towards the Emerald City. Lord Kaliko: Lord Kaliko is the Nome King's 'sidekick', often offering advice to the King. General Guph: The General of the Nome Army. He has a giant worm that can eat rock but not iron, and secretly planned to overthrow the Nome King after they conquered the Emerald City. Among the first to drink the water from the Fountain of Oblivion. The Growleywog: The Growleywog joins the Nomes in their attempt to conquer the Land of Oz. According to Guph, he likes eggs. Fought the Tinman in the Winkie Country and managed to get him rusted. Voice actors Music scores Japanese The music score is by K.S. Yoshimura and Takao Naoi. The opening song is called "Fanshii Gaaru (ファンシーガール lit. Fancy Girl)" and is sung by Satoko Yamano. The ending song is called "Mahō no Kureyon (魔法のクレヨン lit. Magical Crayon)", and is sung by the Japanese vocalists Kumiko Ōsugi and Ema Ōsugi. An excerpt of instrumental music from the series has been used as an opening theme by a few of the other international dubs, such as the Polish and Hebrew ones. North American English version The North American version uses one piece of theme music for the episodic format, and four pieces of theme music for the highly edited movie format. The first song is "Searching for a Dream", used for the 52 episode TV version and first film. It changes the original Japanese animation into a CGI opening. The second opening song is "Listen to You Heart", used for the second film arc. The third song is "Taste the Rain", used for the third film release, and the fourth is "Close Your Eyes", which is used for the final film release. All songs were created and performed by musical group, The Parachute Club. The ending song is a shortened version of "Searching For a Dream", which plays while showcasing clips from the series. Episodes International release To give it a secondary market, episodes of the show were later re-edited into four films and released in the U.S. on VHS and Laserdisc (and later DVD), in which major plots and storylines are removed in favour of cutting each story-arc down into their retrospective book-canon story. In 1987, HBO purchased the rights to the series and dubbed it into English. Production for the English version was done by the Montreal-based studio Cinar (now WildBrain). Actress Margot Kidder was hired as narrator, and the musical band The Parachute Club provided songs for the series, which aired in the U.S. both in its original weekly episodic form and as a four-part miniseries edited from the TV episodes. This English version attempted to completely occlude the show's Japanese origins, going so far as to remove all Japanese names and studios from the credits and to credit key aspects of the animation to Westerners, which applied primarily to the CGI opening sequence. The English dub of the series formerly aired in the U.S. on the Cookie Jar Toons block on This TV. In 2004, the latin american publisher Distrimax bought the rights to the four heavily edited resume movies and re-dubbed them, being titled "El magnífico mago de Oz", "El maravilloso mundo de Oz", "Ozma de Oz", and "La ciudad Esmeralda de Oz". Also, an Indonesian version was broadcast by Spacetoon in 2009. Discotek Media released the English-language version of the series on SD Blu-ray and DVD for North America on August 29, 2017. They have also released the original Japanese-language version of series on SD Blu-ray on June 25, 2019. It has also been reported to be seen early-morning on This TV's Cinar children's Wildbrain programming block Cookie Jar Toons, which has since dissolved due to the breakup of the two companies. All 52 episodes were at one time available for instant streaming on Netflix.ca. The show aired in Australia and the United Kingdom several times in the early 1990s in the full episodic format on the ABC, Channel 4 and ITV channels respectively. It also aired around the same time in India on the Doordarshan channel. The full original Japanese version is available for purchase at YesAsia. In Mexico, IC Group have released the first 26 episodes in a collection of four DVDs under the name of El Mago de Oz. A series of French-dubbed DVD sets of the whole series are available in France. The show has been aired in several countries outside of Japan and has been dubbed in English, Spanish, Italian, Indonesian and many other languages. References External links The Wonderful Wizard of Oz at DHX Media The Wonderful Wizard Of Oz (Heb/English) 1986 anime television series debuts 1987 Japanese television series endings Japanese children's animated fantasy television series Animated films based on The Wizard of Oz Australian Broadcasting Corporation original programming Channel 4 original programming Discotek Media Adventure anime and manga Fantasy anime and manga ITV children's television shows Television shows based on children's books Television shows based on American novels Animated television series based on The Wizard of Oz Animated television series about orphans Animated television series about lions TV Tokyo original programming Television series by Cookie Jar Entertainment Wizards in television	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wonderful%20Wizard%20of%20Oz%20%28TV%20series%29
Empire is an American historical television series for ABC. It is an historical drama set in 44 BC Rome, and covers the struggle of a young Octavius (Santiago Cabrera), the nephew and heir of Julius Caesar, to become the first emperor of Rome. Octavius is helped in his quest by a fictitious gladiator called Tyrannus (Jonathan Cake). The series, filmed entirely in Rome and South Central Italy, was directed by John Gray and Kim Manners, and was produced by Carrie Henderson and Nick Gillott (episodes 4 and 6). It was written by Sara B. Cooper, Chip Johannessen, Tom Wheeler and William Wheeler. Plot Camane, a Vestal Virgin, is the only one of her order to see visions of the future. Desperate to avoid the carnage she foresees, Camane sneaks out of the temple to warn Julius Caesar, his sister Atia, and nephew Octavius. Ignoring Atia and Octavius's pleas to heed the warning, Caesar returns to the Senate, and is murdered by the senators, who fear his increasing power and popularity amongst the citizens of Rome. In the process, the conspirators lose the support of Mark Antony, who is appalled at their treachery. The assassination attempt succeeds because Tyrannus, a former gladiator who serves as Caesar's bodyguard, was distracted by the kidnapping of his young son Piso by a group of hired assassins. Tyrannus manages to rescue Piso but returns to a fatally wounded Caesar, who lives long enough to tell him that Octavius is his chosen successor and orders Tyrannus to protect him. Tyrannus sends his wife and son away and then leaves Rome with Octavius to protect him from assassination. Outside Rome they begin to seek allies who are willing to overthrow the senate. To Octavius, Mark Antony appears a willing and eager supporter of his cause and the two quickly become close allies. Antony verbally agrees to join Octavius and even signs a document stating that Octavius has the support of his troops should he die; Octavius makes the naïve mistake of offering Antony leadership if he himself should perish. It is after this agreement that Antony's true intentions are made known when he attempts to have Octavius killed. Antony almost succeeds but the weak and poisoned Octavius is saved by a young Marcus Agrippa. Camane, having seen the danger in her visions, arrives and saves Octavius' life by getting the poison out of him. It is then revealed that Camane has fallen in love with Octavius through her visions. Once recovered, Octavius, Agrippa, and a few companions make for Gaul, where Octavius aims to enlist the help of his uncle's former Legio III Gallica (Third Legion). According to the story, the Third Legion was disgraced in battle and Julius Caesar had one in every ten men killed (decimation). The survivors have remained in the Italian hinterlands ever since, living as bandits and are known as the Lost Legion. At first these men want to avenge themselves by killing Octavius but Octavius manages to win their support with the help of Cicero. Tyrannus' wife has died and Piso has been adopted by a noble family on the island to which they fled. Thinking Octavius dead and desiring to be able to afford the opportunity to raise his son, Tyrannus joins with Mark Antony as a centurion. As a centurion Tyrannus has the means to educate and raise his son as a nobleman but finds the soldiers under his command to be suspicious of him and upset at being subordinate to this low-born gladiator. After he saves one of his men from being killed, an act that nearly costs him his life, Tyrannus earns the respect of his men. Mark Antony, having allied himself with the Senate, hears of Octavius's survival and moves quickly to intercept him before he can gain too large a following. Antony's army is superior in size to that of Octavius, and it includes the men under command of Tyrannus. In the ensuing battle, Octavius rallies his troops, despite being outnumbered. They begin to lose ground and Antony appears to have won. At that moment Tyrannus and his men change sides and turn the tide of battle. As the conflict closes Mark Antony is disarmed but Octavius shows him mercy. For her assistance, Octavius appoints Camane matriarch of the order of Vesta, and she cries as she realized that she shall never be with him. Octavius appears unmoved. The saddened Camane relates that Tyrannus vanished from the pages of history, having given up a life of renewed glory at Octavius's side to raise Piso and live a normal life. Cast Jonathan Cake as Tyrannus Santiago Cabrera as Octavius Vincent Regan as Marc Antony Emily Blunt as Camane Chris Egan as Marcus Agrippa Colm Feore as Julius Caesar James Frain as Brutus Michael Maloney as Cassius Fiona Shaw as Fulvia Orla Brady as Atia Trudie Styler as Servilia Michael Byrne as Cicero N'Deaye Ba as Nila Dennis Haysbert as Magonius Roger Ashton Griffiths as Panza Graham McTavish as General Rapax Naomi Westerman as Elena Michael Culkin as Lucius Episodes Historical notes Great liberties are take with the story with many cuts and much time-compression: The comical characters Hirtius and Pansa whom Cassius makes consuls and whom Brutus sends to offer a truce to Antony are based on the historical consuls appointed following Caesar's death Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus and Aulus Hirtius. Hirtius had been nominated for the post by Caesar prior to his death; their election was legal and expected. Rather than being executed when they outlived their usefulness, they were in fact killed at the Battle of Mutina when, at Cicero's insistence, they joined his faction in supporting Octavian. Octavian was not as clement and ethical over killing his enemies as the Octavian portrayed. Although he was not as brutal as Mark Antony in warfare, he was much more so than Caesar. After he defeated the armies of Mark Antony and Cleopatra (who does not appear), he ordered Cleopatra's son Caesarion (the son of Cleopatra and Julius Caesar) put to death out of fear that he might be supported as an alternative ruler of Rome. Octavian was renowned for his intelligence, wise and merciless in his rule but he is portrayed here as a careless, rather stupid and weak teenager, who often has to rely on Tyrannus and Agrippa. The miniseries portrays Servilia as part of the conspirators' machinations. It is generally accepted that Brutus's wife Porcia Catonis was the main female participant in the conspiracy. Servilia's only known involvement was hosting the conspirators at her villa in the hours following the assassination. The massacre in which she is killed never took place and she in fact lived into the early years of Augustus's reign. Marcus Brutus committed suicide following the Battle of Philippi; here the battle does not occur and Antony exiles Brutus, refusing to let him kill himself so he can ‘make himself a martyr for Rome'. Brutus is seen alive and back in Rome at the end of the drama. The miniseries ends with a battle between Antony and Octavian a few months after Caesar's death. This is loosely based on the post-Caesarian Battle of Mutina, after which Octavian and Antony called a truce. The decisive confrontation between the armies of Antony and Octavian was the naval Battle of Actium, which took place fourteen years after Caesar’s death. Octavian did not directly lead his forces, though he was the nominal commander; the de facto opposed commanders in the battle were Antony and Agrippa. Cicero is portrayed in the series as a friend of Caesar but he was on the side of the Optimates and Liberatores, praising Brutus and the assassins. He was killed by the followers of Antony during the proscriptions, admittedly over Octavian's protests. The series follows common misconceptions about the weakness of the Caesarians and their allies after Caesar's death. Shortly after Caesar's death, his loyal legions secured Rome under the command of Lepidus, while the young Octavian was one of populares' important politicians; he did not go on the run. In the second episode, Cassius and Brutus argue over Caesar's body in Rome's State Crypt. This scene is fictional, the only time when Cassius and Brutus were near Caesar's body was after the assassination. Reception The series has received a mixed response, with many film critics giving negative reviews. The drama has been criticized for its lack of historical accuracy and tendency to portray the characters in a simplistic way as either "good guys" or "bad guys". External links Some opinions on the drama at Mercury News 2005 American television series debuts 2005 American television series endings American biographical series Canadian drama television films Depictions of Augustus on television Depictions of Julius Caesar on television Depictions of Mark Antony on television Cultural depictions of Cicero Cultural depictions of Marcus Junius Brutus Films set in the 1st century BC Television dramas set in ancient Rome Television series by ABC Studios Films set in Rome Films set in Gaul Final War of the Roman Republic films Cultural depictions of Servilia (mother of Brutus) Television series set in the 1st century BC	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empire%20%282005%20TV%20series%29
Ba Open is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 25 open constituencies that were elected by universal suffrage (the remaining 46 seats, called communal constituencies, were allocated by ethnicity). Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. The population was predominantly Indo-Fijian and the electorate was a stronghold of the Fiji Labour Party (FLP) throughout its history. The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate. Election results 1999 2001 2006 Sources India Abroad Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive Fiji Facts	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%20%28Open%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29
The American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers (AIME) is a professional association for mining and metallurgy, with over 145,000 members. It was founded in 1871 by 22 mining engineers in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, United States, being one of the first national engineering societies in the country. Its charter is to "advance and disseminate, through the programs of the Member Societies, knowledge of engineering and the arts and sciences involved in the production and use of minerals, metals, energy sources and materials for the benefit of humankind." It is the parent organization of four Member Societies, the Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (SME), The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society (TMS), the Association for Iron and Steel Technology (AIST), and the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE). The organization is currently based in Dove Valley, Colorado. History Known by its original name American Institute of Mining Engineers (AIME) the institute had a membership at the beginning of 1915 of over 5,000, made up of honorary, elected, and associate members. The annual meeting of the institute was held in February, with other meetings during the year as authorized by the council. The institute published three volumes of Transactions annually and a monthly Bulletin which appeared on the first of each month. The headquarters of the institute was in the Engineering Building in New York City. Following creation of the Petroleum Division in 1922, the Iron and Steel Division in 1928 and the Institute of Metals Division in 1933 the name of the society was changed in 1957 to the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers. Three of the current member societies were then created from the divisions, increasing to four in 1974 when the Iron and Steel Society (ISS) was formed. In 2004 ISS merged with the Association of Iron and Steel Engineers (AISE) to form the Association for Iron and Steel Technology (AIST) whilst remaining a member society of AIME. Awards The society awards some 25 awards every year at the annual conference. In addition, the member societies also disburse their own awards, including the Percy Nicholls Award, awarded by SME jointly with American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Presidents The following individuals have held the position of President of this organization. 1871: David Thomas 1872–1874: Rossiter Worthington Raymond 1875: Alexander Lyman Holley 1876: Abram Stevens Hewitt 1877: Thomas Sterry Hunt 1878–1879: Eckley Brinton Coxe 1880: William Powell Shinn 1881: William Metcalf 1882: Richard Pennefather Rothwell 1883: Robert Woolston Hunt 1884–1885: James Cooper Bayles 1886: Robert Hallowell Richards 1887: Thomas Egleston 1888: William Bleeker Potter 1889: Richard Pearce 1890: Abram Stevens Hewitt 1891–1892: John Birkinbine 1893: Henry Marion Howe 1894: John Fritz 1895: Joseph D. Weeks 1896: Edmund Gybbon Spilsbury 1897: Thomas Messinger Drown 1898: Charles Kirchhoff 1899–1900: James Douglas 1901–1902: Eben Erskine Olcott 1903: Albert Reid Ledoux 1904–1905: James Gayley 1906: Robert Woolston Hunt 1907–1908: John Hays Hammond 1909–1910: David William Brunton 1911: Charles Kirchhoff 1912: James Furman Kemp 1913: Charles Frederic Rand 1914: Benjamin Bowditch Thayer 1915: William Lawrence Saunders 1916: Louis Davidson Ricketts 1917: Philip North Moore 1918: Sidney Johnston Jennings 1919: Horace Vaughn Winchell 1920: Herbert Hoover 1921: Edwin Ludlow 1922: Arthur Smith Dwight 1923: Edward Payson Mathewson 1924: William Kelly 1925: John van Wicheren Reynders 1926: Samuel A. Taylor 1927: Everette Lee DeGolyer 1928: George Otis Smith 1929: Frederick Worthen Bradley 1930: William Hastings Bassett 1931: Robert Emmet Tally 1932: Scott Turner 1933: Frederick Mark Becket 1934: Howard Nicholas Eavenson 1935: Henry Andrew Buehler 1936: John Meston Lovejoy 1937: Rolland Craten Allen 1938: Daniel Cowan Jackling 1939: Donald Burton Gillies 1940: Herbert George Moulton 1941: John Robert Suman 1942: Eugene McAuliffe 1943: Champion Herbert Mathewson 1944: Chester Alan Fulton 1945: Harvey Seeley Mudd 1946: Louis S. Cates 1947: Clyde Williams 1948: William Embry Wrather 1949: Lewis Emanuel Young 1950: Donald Hamilton McLaughlin 1951: Willis McGerald Peirce 1952: Michael Lawrence Haider 1953: Andrew Fletcher 1954: Leo Frederick Reinartz 1955: Henry DeWitt Smith 1956: Carl Ernest Reistle Jr. 1957: Grover Justine Holt 1958: Augustus Braun Kinzel 1959: Howard Carter Pyle 1960: Joseph Lincoln Gillson 1961: Ronald Russel McNaughton 1962: Lloyd E. Elkins 1963: Roger Vern Pierce 1964: Karl Leroy Fetters 1965: Thomas Corwin Frick 1966: William Bishop Stephenson 1967: Walter R. Hibbard Jr. 1968: John Robertson McMillan 1969: James Boyd 1970: John C. Kinnear 1971: John Smith Bell 1972: Dennis L. McElroy 1973: James B. Austin 1974: Wayne E. Glenn 1975: James D. Reilly 1976: Julius J. Harwood 1977: H. Arthur Nedom 1978: Wayne L. Dowdey 1979: William H. Wise 1980: M. Scott Kraemer 1981: Robert H. Merrill 1982: Harold W. Paxton 1983: Edward E. Runyan 1984: Nelson Severinghaus, Jr. 1985: Norman T. Mills 1986: Arlen L. Edgar 1987: Alan Lawley 1988: Thomas V. Falkie 1989: Howard N. Hubbard, Jr. 1990: Donald G. Russell 1991: Milton E. Wadsworth 1992: Roshan B. Bhappu 1993: G. Hugh Walker 1994: Noel D. Rietman 1995: Frank V. Nolfi, Jr. 1996: Donald W. Gentry 1997: Leonard G. Nelson 1998: Roy H. Koerner 1999: Paul G. Campbell, Jr. 2000: Robert E. Murray 2001: Grant P. Schneider 2002: George H. Sawyer 2003: Robert H. Wagoner 2004: Robert C. Freas 2005: Alan W. Cramb 2006: James R. Jorden 2007: Dan J. Thoma 2008: Michael Karmis 2009: Ian Sadler 2010: DeAnn Craig 2011: Brajendra Mishra 2012: George W. Luxbacher 2013: Dale Heinz 2014: Behrooz Fattahi 2015: Garry W. Warren 2016: Nikhil Trivedi 2017: John G. Speer Vice presidents 1893–1894: Robert Gilmour Leckie Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration The Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME) is for mining professionals. Mining Engineering magazine The Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration publishes the monthly magazine Mining Engineering since 1949. References External links Organizations based in Colorado Organizations established in 1871 1871 establishments in Pennsylvania Engineering societies based in the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Institute%20of%20Mining%2C%20Metallurgical%2C%20and%20Petroleum%20Engineers
RTL Radio is a German commercial radio station based in Berlin and the part of the RTL Group. It originated as the German language service of Radio Luxembourg, which began broadcasting after World War II from Luxembourg. It broadcasts adult contemporary music nationally via cable, DAB+ satellite and internet and regionally via FM in Luxembourg, Rheinland-Pfalz, Saarland, eastern German-speaking Belgium, and Lorraine. History RTL Radio began broadcasting as the German service of Radio Luxembourg on 15 July 1957. Along with the Saarland-based pirate radio Europe 1, Luxembourg interfered with the non-commercial monopoly imposed by the German states since broadcasting first started in the country. Apart from advertising reaching German radios for the first time, RTL also introduced Germans from both East and West to rock-and-roll, bebop/cool jazz and other types of American popular music which contrasted to the classical repertoire that had dominated mainland services. In 1990, Radio Luxembourg was renamed RTL Hörfunk. On 1 July 2015 RTL Radio branded itself RTL Radio – Deutschlands Hit-Radio and moved its studios from the City of Luxembourg to Berlin. RTL Radio has slots on analog and digital cable, and transmits digital signals via the Astra 1L satellites. External links Homepage of RTL Radio (in German) Homepage of RTL Radio for Luxembourg (in German) History of the German service of Radio Luxemburg (in German) Radio stations in Luxembourg International broadcasters Mass media companies of Luxembourg German-language radio stations RTL Group 1933 establishments in Luxembourg Radio stations established in 1933	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTL%20Radio
Jack Beresford, CBE (1 January 1899 – 3 December 1977), born Jack Beresford-Wiszniewski, was a British rower who won five medals at five Olympic Games in succession. This record in Olympic rowing was not matched until 2000 when Sir Steve Redgrave won his sixth Olympic medal at his fifth Olympic Games. Early life Jack Beresford was the son of Julius Beresford. The family name was Wisniewski but his father dropped the name after Beresford was born. Julius Beresford was also a rower who won an Olympic silver medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics as well as winning several times at Henley. Jack was educated at Bedford School where he stroked the eight and also captained the rugby football XV. During the First World War he served in the Liverpool Scottish Regiment and was wounded in the leg in France. He returned to London and learned the craft of furniture-making for Beresford & Hicks in his father's factory. He took up sculling because the leg wound put an end to his rugby career. Throughout his competitive career, Beresford (like his father and his brother, Eric Beresford) represented Thames Rowing Club. Michael Beresford was his nephew who competed in rowing at the 1960 Olympics. Rowing career In 1920, Beresford won the Diamond Challenge Sculls, the single sculls event at the Henley Royal Regatta beating in the final Donald Gollan, his closest British rival for the next few years. He followed this up competing in the single sculls event rowing at the 1920 Summer Olympics where his final race against John B. Kelly Sr. is legendary. It featured a dramatic stretch run with Kelly eventually prevailing in one of the closest single sculls races in Olympic history. In 1920 Beresford won the Wingfield Sculls, the Amateur Sculling Championship of the Thames and Great Britain for the first time, and went on to win it for seven consecutive years, a streak unmatched in history He also won the London Cup to give him the sculling triple crown in 1920. Beresford was losing finalist to Eyken in the Diamond Sculls in 1921 but won the London Cup and the Wingfields which was decided on a foul after Beresford's boat was holed in a clash with Gollan. Both scullers were being steered by their fathers and so in 1922 it was decided that in future fathers of competitors should not act as pilots or steer the cutters. Beresford lost Diamonds in the final to Walter Hoover but won the Wingfields and London Cup over Gollan. In 1923 Beresford was in the winning Thames eight in the Grand Challenge Cup. He was runner up in the Diamonds to M. K. Morris, lost to Gollan in the London Cup on a foul, but beat Gollan in the Wingfields. Beresford won the Diamond Challenge Sculls at Henley again in 1924 against Craig, and went on to win the gold medal in the single scull rowing at the 1924 Summer Olympics over William Gilmore. Following that he competed in and won the Philadelphia Gold Cup, awarded by the Schuylkill Navy for the amateur sculling championship of the world. In 1925, he successfully defended the Diamond Challenge Sculls against Donald Gollan and the Philadelphia Cup against Walter Hoover before indicating to its stewards that he no longer wished to contest it. With the Wingfields and London Cup he won the triple crown. Beresford won the Diamond Challenge Sculls again in 1926 beating G E G Goddard in the final. He won the London Cup again and also the Wingfields, but only after his boat was holed in a clash and the race re-rowed on 11 August. Beresford was not a winning competitor in 1927, but served as Captain of Thames in 1928-9. In 1928 at Henley he won the Silver Goblets & Nickalls' Challenge Cup partnering Gordon "Bill" Killick. He was also a member of the Thames eight which won the Grand Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta. This crew then represented Great Britain to win the silver medal rowing at the 1928 Summer Olympics. His Thames crew won the Grand Challenge Cup again in 1929 and with Killick he won Silver Goblets again. In 1930, Beresford finished second to reigning Olympic champion Bobby Pearce in the single scull at the inaugural Empire/Commonwealth Games. In 1932 at Henley, Beresford competed in the coxless four which won the Stewards Challenge Cup and then went on to win the gold medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1932 Summer Olympics. In the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Beresford was the flag bearer for the British delegation in the Opening Ceremonies, which were filmed by Leni Riefenstahl. The scene was included in her documentary Olympia, which is sometimes described as a Nazi propaganda film. Rowing at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, with Adolf Hitler watching, Beresford and Dick Southwood his partner in the Double sculls, came from a length down to pass the favoured Germans with just 200 metres to go, thus giving Beresford his fifth Olympic medal and third gold. Beresford would later write it was "the sweetest race I ever rowed." Beresford was presented with an oak sapling by Hitler, as were all gold medal winners. Beresford's was planted in the grounds of Bedford School. In the inaugural Centenary Double Sculls – now the Double Sculls Challenge Cup – at Henley in 1939, Beresford, together with Dick Southwood, raced a memorable final against the European Champions, Scherli and Broschi of Trieste which resulted in a dead-heat. Beresford was denied the opportunity to win a medal in the double sculls event in the 1940 Olympics as those Games were cancelled because of World War II. Later life Beresford was elected a Steward of Henley Royal Regatta in 1946. He was a member of the organising committee of the 1948 London Olympic Games. His contribution to rowing was recognised with two honours in the 1940s: the gold medal of the international rowing federation (1947), and the Olympic Diploma of Merit (1949). In 1960, Beresford was appointed a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire. He was President of Thames Rowing Club from 1970 until his death in 1977. In 2005, a Blue Plaque was erected by English Heritage at 19 Grove Park Gardens in Chiswick, West London which was Beresford's home from 1903 to 1940. Beresford is one of the first sportsmen to receive this honour. Achievements Olympic Medals: three gold, two silver First rower to compete at five Olympics with his 1936 Olympic appearance. This feat would be unmatched for forty years until Soviet rower Yuriy Lorentsson made his fifth Olympic appearance in 1976, and unsurpassed for another sixteen years until Czechoslovak rower Jiří Pták made his sixth Olympic appearance in 1992. References External links Guardian article on Beresford IOC Biography on Beresford Commonwealth Games Medallists 1899 births 1977 deaths British male rowers English male rowers Olympic rowers for Great Britain Olympic medalists in rowing Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain Rowers at the 1920 Summer Olympics Rowers at the 1924 Summer Olympics Rowers at the 1928 Summer Olympics Rowers at the 1932 Summer Olympics Rowers at the 1936 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1920 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1924 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1928 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics English Olympic medallists Commonwealth Games silver medallists for England Commonwealth Games medallists in rowing Rowers at the 1930 British Empire Games People educated at Bedford School People from Shiplake Stewards of Henley Royal Regatta British Army personnel of World War I English people of Polish descent Military personnel from London Liverpool Scottish soldiers Artists' Rifles soldiers Medallists at the 1930 British Empire Games	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Beresford
Gerald Edward Victor Crutchley (19 November 1890 – 17 August 1969) was an English first-class cricketer who played for Middlesex County Cricket Club and Oxford University between 1910 and 1930. Crutchley was born at Chelsea, the son of Major-General Sir Charles Crutchley. He was educated at Harrow School and New College, Oxford before working as a stockbroker in the City of London. As a cricketer he was a right-handed batsman who bowled leg-breaks and medium pace and who played more than 120 first-class cricket matches. He had played for his school XI and won a cricket Blue at Oxford, playing for the University between 1910 and 1912. He made 99 runs not out against Cambridge in 1912; overnight he was taken ill with measles and had to sit out the rest of the match. He made his Middlesex debut in 1910 but played only a handful of matches for the county side before World War I. After the war he played more regularly, both for Middlesex and for a variety of amateur sides, including for the Gentlemen against the Players four times. He was a member of the Committee at Middlesex and President from 1958 to 1962. Crutchley was commissioned in the Scots Guards during World War I and was a Prisoner of War from January 1915 until he returned to England in November 1918. He died of heart failure at St John's Wood in 1969 aged 78. He was the father of the actress Rosalie Crutchley. References External links 1890 births 1969 deaths English cricketers Middlesex cricketers Oxford University cricketers Gentlemen of England cricketers Free Foresters cricketers Gentlemen cricketers Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers Oxford and Cambridge Universities cricketers English stockbrokers Scots Guards officers British World War I prisoners of war People educated at Harrow School Alumni of New College, Oxford Presidents of Middlesex County Cricket Club English cricketers of 1919 to 1945 H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI cricketers 20th-century English businesspeople Cricketers from Chelsea, London	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerry%20Crutchley
Wormwood: A Drama of Paris is an 1890 novel by Marie Corelli. It tells the sensational story of a Frenchman, Gaston Beauvais, driven to murder and ruin by the potent alcoholic drink absinthe. Like Corelli's previous four novels, Wormwood was a great commercial success. Corelli presented the story as a cautionary tale about the dangers of absinthe, and it has been implicated in bans of the spirit which later occurred in Europe and the United States. The book has also been interpreted as a condemnation of the aesthetic and decadent movements. Summary Wormwood is set in Paris. The protagonist, Gaston Beauvais, is a writer engaged to be married to Pauline de Charmilles, but shortly before their marriage, she confesses that she has fallen in love with another man, Silvion Guidel, a priest in training. Beauvais turns to alcohol as a result and shows up to their wedding day drunk on absinthe, causing a scene. He turns to drugs and further debauchery with a friend, Gessonex. When he learns that Pauline has run away, he searches for her in the slums of Paris. He comes upon Guidel, and strangles him to death, throwing his body into the Seine river. He finds Pauline and confesses that he has killed Guidel, causing her to also throw herself into the river, from the Pont Neuf bridge. Beauvais slips into unconsciousness, and when he awakens the next day, he finds himself stalked by a hallucinatory leopard. The story ends with Beauvais in the morgue with Pauline's dead body. Style Wormwood is written in the first person, from the perspective of Gaston Beauvais. The book's dialogue and Beauvais's narration are in English, though French words and phrases are occasionally substituted, as in "Héloise showed no inclination for marriage; she was dull and distraite in the company of men". Corelli's French was occasionally marred by errors of spelling or grammar, a feature seized on by some of her detractors. Dialogue between characters on familiar terms make use of archaisms such as thou, as when Beauvais's father says to him "Amuse thyself well, Gaston! Art thou going to see the pretty Pauline this evening?". Corelli had used a similar style in the dialogue of her earlier novel Vendetta!. Moral themes Like many of Corelli's novels, Wormwood was intended to shine light on the moral deficits of modern society—in this case, the vices of Paris, particularly in association with the aesthetic and decadent movements. The book depicts the downfall of its protagonist, the decadent writer Gaston Beauvais, as a consequence of his lifestyle. Corelli takes pains in an introductory note to separate herself from Beauvais, writing that she had "nothing whatsoever to do with the wretched 'Gaston Beauvais' beyond the portraiture of him in his own lurid colours", and the novel's text includes moralistic rants against France and French literature. Despite this, some modern literary critics have seen the book's thrilling style as co-opting decadent tropes to appeal to readers. The book also quotes "Lendemain", a poem about absinthe by Charles Cros, a recently deceased decadent poet and absinthe addict, and includes a footnote in which Corelli, in her own voice, praises Cros. The book specifically targets absinthe, with its title being a reference to the bitter herb used in the production of the spirit. Corelli included an 'Introductory note', observing that "the open atheism, heartlessness, flippancy, and flagrant immorality of the whole modern French school of thought is unquestioned." She ascribed this in part to "the reckless Absinthe-mania, which pervades all classes, rich and poor alike", and warned that this habit might come to infect Britain. An epigraph dedicated the book "à messieurs les absintheurs de Paris, ces fanfarons du vice qui sont la honte et le désespoir de leur patrie" ("to the absinthe-drinkers of Paris, those boasters of vice who are the shame and despair of their homeland"). The novel was said to have contributed to legislation in France and Switzerland relating to alcohol, and absinthe in particular (see ). It was also said to be indirectly responsible for a ban on absinthe in the United States—in response to this, Corelli said it was "a great thing to have accomplished, to have saved a noble nation from one of the most malignant curses of modern times". Publication Corelli sent the manuscript for Wormwood to her long-time publisher George Bentley on 12 July 1890. She intended the novel to have a more realist style than her previous works, describing it to Bentley as "a study à la Balzac". Bentley requested that she excise some of the novel's more lurid scenes, such as one of two scenes set in the morgue; privately, he referred to Wormwood in his diary as "this repulsive book of hers". Corelli signed a contract with Bentley on 1 September, receiving £100 as an advance, £300 on publication, and 6 shillings per copy after sales passed 1,500. The book was published in November 1890 in three volumes. The first edition was, at the direction of Corelli, bound in a pale green binding similar to the colour of absinthe, and featured a serpent on the cover, and red ribbon crisscrossed on the spine, such as was found on absinthe bottles. It was published in France under the title Absinthe. A modern edition with extensive footnotes was published in 2004 by Broadview Press. Reception Wormwood was an immediate commercial success, with the first edition selling out in ten days. Though, according to George Bentley, some readers were so scandalised by the book that they were returning it to booksellers. Middlebrow periodicals such as The Graphic, The Literary World, and Kensington Society praised the novel, finding it simultaneously entertaining and morally salubrious. It received somewhat positive reviews from the more highbrow literary journals The Academy and The Athenaeum, with both praising the story's realism. Among publications which negatively reviewed the book were the Pall Mall Gazette and The Times. The Times described it as "a succession of tedious and exaggerated soliloquies, relieved by tolerably dramatic, but repulsive incidents", and criticized Corelli's writing as having a "feminine redundancy of adjectives". The Standard described the book as "repulsive". While noting that Corelli attempts to distance herself from being identified with Gaston Beauvais, the book's protagonist, the reviewer questioned the moral and artistic acceptability of an author, particularly a female author, writing from the perspective of a "vicious maniac" such as Beauvais. Corelli had anticipated such harsh criticisms, writing in private correspondence prior to Wormwoods publication, "I do not write in a ladylike or effeminate way, and for that they hate me". Punch magazine mocked the book's style and content with a parody in an 1891 issue, as part of the magazine's "Mr. Punch's Prize Novels" series. The parody, titled "Germfood" and attributed to "Mary Morally", is an account of a Parisian man addicted to marrons glacés (a candied chestnut confection). The piece mocks Corelli's writing style, including her use of archaisms like thou and her solecistic French (for example, it quotes her narrator saying "Nous blaguons le chose."—since chose is feminine, this is grammatically incorrect, and should instead be "Nous blaguons la chose."). It furthermore sends up Wormwoods melodramatic and lurid plot, with Mary Morally warning "I'll give you fits, paralytic fits, epileptic fits, and fits of hysteria, all at the same time.", and the story ending with the revelation that the narrator has inexplicably died: The world is very evil. My father died choked by a marron. I, too, am dead—I who have written this rubbish—I am dead, and sometimes, as I walk, my loved one glides before me in aërial phantom shape, as on page 4, Vol. II. But I am dead—dead and buried—and over my grave an avenue of gigantic chestnuts reminds the passer-by of my fate: and on my tombstone it is written, "Here lies one who danced a cancan and ate marrons glacés all day. Be warned!" THE END. Adaptations A theatrical adaptation, Wormwood, or the Absinthe Drinkers of Paris, by Charles W. Chase was staged across the United States around 1902–1903 as a temperance play. Chase's adaptation makes a number of modifications to the original story, including changing Silvion Guidel from a priest to a writer, adding the character of Mephisto, and a new scene set in hell. Moreover, unlike the novel, Chase gives his play a happy ending, recasting the story's most dramatic events as a dream sequence. Wormwood was adapted into a silent film of the same name in 1915 produced by Fox Film. Notes References External links Marie Corelli's Wormwood – At The Virtual Absinthe Museum: Photographs of the scarce 1890 London first edition, and extensive extracts from the book downloadable in PDF format. Victorian novels Novels by Marie Corelli Novels set in Paris 1890 British novels Absinthe British novels adapted into films British novels adapted into plays	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wormwood%3A%20A%20Drama%20of%20Paris
Royal Air Force Grimsby or more simply RAF Grimsby is a former Royal Air Force station located near Grimsby, Lincolnshire, England. The site was operational during the Second World War as part of RAF Bomber Command initially as a satellite station for the Vickers Wellington bombers of RAF Binbrook. By early 1943 the station was equipped with Avro Lancaster bombers of No. 100 Squadron RAF. Although the station was officially called RAF Grimsby, servicemen and locals referred to it as Waltham, the name of the nearby village Waltham. History Inter war years Flying began at Waltham in 1933 when a grassed strip operated as Grimsby's municipal airport and a small aero club was formed at the airfield. Second World War In June 1938, the airfield's first military residents were RAF Bomber Command's 5 Group who set up a Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve training outfit (No. 25 Elementary and Reserve Flying Training School RAF). The Civil Air Guard also operated from the aerodrome. The airfield was requisitioned by the Air Ministry in May 1940. The aerodrome was then constructed through the summer of 1940 with concrete runways (the first in north Lincolnshire) to accommodate bombers of No. 1 Group RAF. It became operational in the summer of 1941 and was initially a satellite airfield for nearby RAF Binbrook. The Wellington squadrons based at Binbrook used Waltham as their own airfield initially only had grass runways. Throughout the war the station was under 1 Group Bomber Command. Three squadrons served at RAF Grimsby during its operation: 142 Squadron moved to the airfield in November 1941; 100 Squadron arrived in December 1942; and 550 Squadron (formed from 100 Squadron's C-Flight). The first operational sortie from Waltham for 100 Squadron was on the 4/5 March 1943. The squadron's Avro Lancaster bombers were sent on mine-laying sorties along the coasts of occupied Europe. Two Lancasters were lost. The station was closed some weeks prior to the surrender of Germany and the hangars were used by No. 35 Maintenance Unit RAF for storage and the flying field reverted to back to agricultural use. Post-Second World War Years later the A16 was being improved and a bypass for the village of Holton-le-Clay cut into a large proportion of the station. Memorials Currently a memorial to 100 Squadron stands near the B1 hangar, next to the northern entrance to Holton-le-Clay. There is a memorial for 550 Squadron at the now disused station RAF North Killingholme and 142 Squadron is said to have a memorial in North Africa. Buildings Many of the airfield buildings still survive and are currently in use by a haulage firm and mechanics. Much of the original runway arrangement remains and is tarmaced. They have been painted with road markings in areas, for use with learner drivers, and provide a circuit regularly frequented by dog walkers. Out of the thirty plus dispersals built only one remains to this day. It is still possible to see the outlines of some from the air. Notable surviving buildings include the control tower, crew locker and dryer rooms, the pre-war B1 and T2 hangars; however much of the station is in a state of disrepair and is also victim to fly-tipping. Old unused farm equipment also litters the station, it is overgrown with weeds and strewn with rubble. A golf course, golf driving range and a go-karting track have been built on the station and a coal merchants stands on what was once the fuel dump. The bomb dump has totally disappeared and various buildings in the village of Waltham, Lincolnshire such as accommodation huts no longer exist. The only remaining building in the village is the Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF) canteen and kitchen which currently house the Museum of Rural Life and RAF Grimsby Exhibition at the Waltham Windmill. This building has been extended. RAF Grimsby photographs References Citations Bibliography External links Official RAF history Information about RAF Grimsby 195 (GRIMSBY) Squadron ATC Royal Air Force stations in Lincolnshire Military history of Grimsby Military units and formations established in 1938 Royal Air Force stations of World War II in the United Kingdom	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAF%20Grimsby
International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC) are data sheets intended to provide essential safety and health information on chemicals in a clear and concise way. The primary aim of the Cards is to promote the safe use of chemicals in the workplace and the main target users are therefore workers and those responsible for occupational safety and health. The ICSC project is a joint venture between the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) with the cooperation of the European Commission (EC). This project began during the 1980s with the objective of developing a product to disseminate the appropriate hazard information on chemicals at the workplace in an understandable and precise way. The Cards are prepared in English by ICSC participating institutions and peer reviewed in semiannual meetings before being made public. Subsequently, national institutions translate the Cards from English into their native languages and these translated Cards are also published on the Web. The English collection of ICSC is the original version. To date approximately 1700 Cards are available in English in HTML and PDF format. Translated versions of the Cards exist in different languages: Chinese, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Spanish and others. The objective of the ICSC project is to make essential health and safety information on chemicals available to as wide an audience as possible, especially at the workplace level. The project aims to keep on improving the mechanism for the preparation of Cards in English as well as increasing the number of translated versions available; therefore, welcomes the support of additional institutions who could contribute not only to the preparation of ICSC but also to the translation process. Format ICSC cards follow a fixed format which is designed to give a consistent presentation of the information, and is sufficiently concise to be printed onto two sides of a harmonized sheet of paper, an important consideration to permit easy use in the workplace. The standard sentences and consistent format used in ICSC facilitates the preparation and computer-aided translation of the information in the Cards. Identification of chemicals The identification of the chemicals on the Cards is based on the UN numbers, the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number and the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS/NIOSH) numbers. It is thought that the use of those three systems assures the most unambiguous method of identifying the chemical substances concerned, referring as it does to numbering systems that consider transportation matters, chemistry and occupational health. The ICSC project is not intended to generate any sort of classification of chemicals. It makes reference to existing classifications. As an example, the Cards cite the results of the deliberations of the UN Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods with respect to transport: the UN hazard classification and the UN packaging group, when they exist, are entered on the Cards. Moreover, the ICSC are so-designed that room is reserved for the countries to enter information of national relevance. Preparation The preparation of ICSC is an ongoing process of drafting and peer reviewing by a group of scientists working for a number of specialized scientific institutions concerned with occupational health and safety in different countries. Chemicals are selected for new ICSC based on a range of criteria for concern (high production volume, incidence of health problems, high risk properties). Chemicals can be proposed by countries or stakeholder groups such as trade unions. ICSC are drafted in English by participating institutions based on publicly available data, and are then peer reviewed by the full group of experts in biannual meetings before being made publicly available. Existing Cards are updated periodically by the same drafting and peer review process, in particular when significant new information becomes available. In this way approximately 50 to 100 new and updated ICSC become available each year and the collection of Cards available has grown from a few hundreds during the 1980s up to more than 1700 today. Authoritative nature The international peer review process followed in the preparation of ICSC ensures the authoritative nature of the Cards and represents a significant asset of ICSC as opposed to other packages of information. ICSC have no legal status and may not meet all requirements included in national legislation. The Cards should complement any available Chemical Safety Data Sheet but cannot be a substitute for any legal obligation on a manufacturer or employer to provide chemical safety information. However, it is recognized that ICSC might be the principal source of information available for both management and workers in less developed countries or in small and medium-sized enterprises. In general, the information provided in the Cards is in line with the ILO Chemicals Convention (No. 170) and Recommendation (No. 177), 1990; the European Union Council Directive 98/24/EC; and the United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) criteria. Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) is now being widely used for the classification and labelling of chemicals worldwide. One of the aims of introducing the GHS was to make it easier for users to identify chemical hazards in the workplace in a more consistent way. GHS classifications have been added to new and updated ICSC since 2006 and the language and technical criteria underlying the standard phrases used in the Cards has been developed to reflect ongoing developments in the GHS to ensure consistent approaches. The addition of GHS classifications to ICSC has been recognized by the relevant United Nations committee as a contribution to assisting countries to implement the GHS, and as a way of making GHS classifications of chemicals available to a wider audience. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Great similarities exist between the various headings of the ICSC and the manufacturers' Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of the International Council of Chemical Associations. However, MSDS and the ICSC are not the same. The MSDS, in many instances, may be technically very complex and too extensive for shop floor use, and secondly it is a management document. The ICSC, on the other hand, set out peer-reviewed information about substances in a more concise and simple manner. This is not to say that the ICSC should be a substitute for an MSDS; nothing can replace management's responsibility to communicate with workers on the exact chemicals, the nature of those chemicals used on the shop floor and the risk posed in any given workplace. Indeed, the ICSC and the MSDS can even be thought of as complementary. If the two methods for hazard communication can be combined, then the amount of knowledge available to the safety representative or shop floor workers will be more than doubled. References External links ICSC - official site at the International Labour Organization ICSC - official site at the World Health Organization Chemical safety	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Chemical%20Safety%20Cards
is a Japanese curler, born November 25, 1978, as . She skipped her own team in Sapporo, Hokkaido, until 2015, which represented Japan at the 2014 Winter Olympics before retiring from competitive sports. Currently she is working as a curling coach. Career At the age of 12, Ogasawara began curling in her hometown Tokoro, joining Akiko Katoh's junior team together with Yumie Hayashi. Then Ogasawara became the second for the team. The team represented Japan at four World Junior Curling Championships (1996, 1997, 1998 & 1999), winning a silver medal in 1998 and another silver in 1999. The team later represented Japan at the 2002 Winter Olympics, finishing in 8th place with a 2-7 record. After the 2001-2002 season, Ogasawara and her longtime teammate Hayashi moved to Aomori and formed a new team there. The team, called 'Team Aomori', represented Japan at the 2006 Winter Olympics. At the Games, Ogasawara threw last stones as skip and led her team to a 7th-place finish with a 4-5 record, including a surprise win over one of the usual curling powerhouses, Canada. After the 2005-2006 season, Ogasawara and Hayashi announced their temporary retirement. Ogasawara got married and had a child before returning to the sport in the 2011-12 season. In 2011, Ogasawara and Hayashi, whose name had changed to Yumie Funayama after marriage, formed a new team in Sapporo. The team qualified for the 2014 Winter Olympics through the Olympic Qualification Event held in December 2013. At the Olympics, Ogasawara, a mother of one, was chosen to be Japan's flag bearer, as it is unusual for women in Japan to compete in sports after having children. At the Games, she threw last stones as skip, and the team finished in 5th place with a 4-5 record, winning against two former World Championship teams, Switzerland's Mirjam Ott and China's Wang Bingyu. Teammates 2002 Salt Lake City Olympic Games Akiko Katoh, Skip Yumie Hayashi, Third Mika Konaka, Lead Kotomi Ishizaki, Alternate 2006 Turin Olympic Games Yumie Hayashi, Third Mari Motohashi, Second Moe Meguro, Lead Sakurako Terada, Alternate 2014 Sochi Olympic Games Yumie Funayama, Third Kaho Onodera, Second Michiko Tomabechi, Lead Chinami Yoshida, Alternate Record as a coach of national teams References External links Living people 1978 births People from Kitami, Hokkaido Curlers from Hokkaido Japanese female curlers Olympic curlers for Japan Curlers at the 2002 Winter Olympics Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics Curlers at the 2014 Winter Olympics Pacific-Asian curling champions Japanese curling coaches 20th-century Japanese women 21st-century Japanese women	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayumi%20Ogasawara
Total! was a video game magazine published in the United Kingdom by Future plc. It was published monthly for 58 issues, beginning in December 1991 (cover-dated January 1992), with the last issue bearing the cover-date October 1996. A "1993 Annual" featuring reprint material and a poster magazine were also released during the magazine's lifetime. Content It focused on current and upcoming Nintendo consoles of the era, initially the NES and Game Boy, and then shared coverage with the SNES, Virtual Boy and Nintendo 64 as they were released. The arcade games Cruis'n USA, Killer Instinct and Killer Instinct 2 were also reviewed. Each game review featured a rating out of 10 for the graphics, sound, gameplay and lifespan, plus an overall percentage score. The first Nintendo 64 game reviewed, Super Mario 64, was also the first game to receive the perfect score of 100%. Other notable high scores included 99% for Super Mario All-Stars on the SNES, in September 1993, and 98% each for Super Mario Bros. 3 on the NES and Super Mario World on the SNES, both in 1992. It is also notable for giving a score of 77% to Rise of the Robots, uncommonly high among reviews for this game. History The magazine was launched by Steve Jarratt Editor, Wayne Allen Art Editor and Andy Dyer Staff Writer. Steve Jarratt and Andy Dyer were credited with writing all the reviews. They also appeared in the form of computer sprite-style pictures, with comic book-style speech bubbles on many pages, though these were dropped by the end of 1993. Further named staff writers were brought in, there were usually around four writers credited at a time from 1994 onwards. Jarratt left to become the launch editor of Edge. The final issue featured "Gamefreak", a Q&A section carried over from sister-magazine Super Play that had ended the month before. Issue 58 was not planned to be the final issue as issue 59 was previewed in the back of the magazine. However shortly after release subscribers received a letter informing them that the magazine had ended. During the last few years of its life subscribers to the magazine received an extra page in the form of "Total! Arena", a black and white insert featuring a brief summary of the corresponding issue's contents. Also featured on the page was "Fave Raves" where the current writers briefly mentioned their current favourite game - as a one-off this was changed to "Fave Daves" for issue 53's insert. There was also on occasion subscriber only competitions. There was no insert with the final issue. The rights to the name were bought for a German magazine of the same name, which appeared from 1993 to 2000. The German-language TOTAL! was not a pure translation magazine, but a magazine with independent editorial work. It was characterized above all by reports and a rating system for video games based on the school grading system, and attempted to separate objective from subjective ratings. References External links Total! Magazine at World of Stuart, the website of journalist Stuart Campbell, who wrote reviews and occasional features uncredited for the magazine. Includes reproductions of some features from the magazine. Archived Total! magazines on the Internet Archive Archived Total Game Boy magazines on the Internet Archive 1991 establishments in the United Kingdom 1996 disestablishments in the United Kingdom Defunct computer magazines published in the United Kingdom Magazines established in 1991 Magazines disestablished in 1996 Mass media in Bath, Somerset Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom Video game magazines published in the United Kingdom Magazines about Nintendo	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%21
The Tournament is a Canadian television series, which aired on CBC Television in 2005 and 2006. The series, a mockumentary show about a community minor hockey team, depicted the behind-the-scenes interactions between the players, their parents and coaches as the team competed for a spot in the annual youth hockey championship tournament. The cast included Alain Goulem, Paula Boudreau, Christian Potenza, Emily Tilson, Ari Cohen and Cas Anvar. Seven episodes were produced in the 2004–05 television season, airing in the winter of 2005, and ten episodes were produced in the 2005–06 season. The CBC announced on February 13, 2006, that the show would not be brought back for the 2006–07 television season. The series was briefly televised in the United States on OLN, which had the rights to the National Hockey League at the time. Reception The Serious Comedy Site said "The Tournament: The Complete Series is an absolute must for anyone who has ever been involved in amateur hockey. For those who like comparisons it is the Bad News Bears meets Slap Shot." The TV show was remade in the UK as The Cup, and adapted to be about a junior soccer team instead of a minor hockey team. References External links CBC Television original programming 2000s Canadian comedy-drama television series 2000s Canadian satirical television series 2005 Canadian television series debuts 2006 Canadian television series endings	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tournament%20%28TV%20series%29
Jemaine Atea Mahana Clement (born 10 January 1974) is a New Zealand actor, comedian, musician, and filmmaker. He has released several albums with Bret McKenzie as the musical comedy duo Flight of the Conchords, and created a comedy series of the same name for both the BBC and HBO, for which he received six Primetime Emmy nominations. He has had featured parts in films such as Eagle vs Shark (2007), Men in Black 3 (2012), People Places Things (2015), Humor Me (2017), The Festival (2018) and Avatar: The Way of Water (2022). He has also done voice-work for Despicable Me (2010), Rio (2011), Rio 2 (2014), Moana (2016) and The Lego Batman Movie (2017). In 2014, he made his directorial debut with What We Do in the Shadows, which he also co-wrote, co-directed and co-starred in with Taika Waititi, and later adapted into a show for FX Television series of the same name. Early life Clement was born on 10 January 1974 in Masterton in the Wairarapa, and was raised there in a working-class family by his mother and grandmother Maikara with his two brothers. Clement is of Māori (Ngāti Kahungunu) descent through his mother, and a direct descendant of the (chief) Iraia Te Ama-o-te-rangi Te Whaiti, who is his great-great-great grandfather. His Pākehā father, Robert, was employed at the freezing works and struggled with alcoholism, leaving home when Clement was a child. Robert would later become a stained glass artist in Midhurst, Taranaki; Jemaine would later reconnect with his father as an adult and now enjoys a "strong and loving" relationship with him. Clement's mother and grandmother were strong influences on him as a child, inspiring his sense of humour. Despite having a strong connection to his Māori ethnicity through visiting relatives regularly on trips to various marae, bans on the Māori language being spoken in schools meant Clement grew up in an almost entirely English-speaking environment. He has talked of his regrets about this and has emotionally spoken of the physical abuse his grandmother suffered at school for speaking te reo Māori. He attended Makoura College in Masterton. After finishing school he moved to Wellington, where he studied drama and film at Victoria University of Wellington. There he met Taika Waititi, with whom he went on to form So You're a Man and the Humourbeasts. In 2004, the Humourbeasts toured New Zealand in a stage show titled The Untold Tales of Maui, a reworking of the traditional Maori legends of Māui. The duo received New Zealand's highest comedy honour, the Billy T Award. During his time in university, he also met Bret McKenzie, with whom he performed in Edinburgh, thus forming Flight of the Conchords. Career Music Clement and McKenzie have toured internationally and released four CDs: Folk the World Tour in 2002, The Distant Future EP in 2007 (winner of 2008 Grammy for Best Comedy Album), Flight of the Conchords in 2008 and I Told You I Was Freaky in 2009. In 2005 the Conchords produced Flight of the Conchords, a six-part comedy radio programme on BBC Radio 2. They appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brien, the Late Show with David Letterman and The Late Late Show. After appearing in 2005 on HBO's One Night Stand, the Conchords were offered their own 12-part HBO series, Flight of the Conchords, which was based on their earlier BBC radio series of the same name. Its first season ran from June to September 2007, and was renewed for a second season, which aired on HBO in the US from January to March 2009. In December 2009, the Conchords announced the show would not have a third season. Film and television Clement has appeared in several feature films. His debut was in the kung fu comedy Tongan Ninja, directed by New Zealander Jason Stutter. He has worked with Stutter on two more films to date: the low budget ghost comedy Diagnosis: Death and the drama Predicament, based on the book by late New Zealand novelist Ronald Hugh Morrieson. Clement also has a role in American comedy Gentlemen Broncos, directed by Napoleon Dynamites Jared Hess. This role landed him a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male. Though Gentlemen Broncos was almost universally panned by critics, some singled out Clement's performance for praise. In 2010, he voiced Jerry in Despicable Me and appeared in the film Dinner for Schmucks. In 2011, he voiced Nigel in Rio, and in 2012 he appeared as the primary antagonist Boris the Animal in Men in Black 3. In 2012, Jemaine co-wrote, co-directed, and starred in a vampire mockumentary titled What We Do in the Shadows with Taika Waititi. It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on 19 January 2014. He also reprised his role as Nigel in Rio 2. Clement has starred in television commercials internationally and provided voiceovers for many others in New Zealand. On 5 February 2006, Outback Steakhouse began running a series of television commercials starring Clement during Super Bowl XL in which Clement pretends to be Australian and feigns an Australian accent. One of the long-running gags of Flight of the Conchords is the traditional rivalry between New Zealand and Australia and the differences between their accents. The campaign ended in July 2006. Clement has been involved in award-winning radio work. In 1999, Clement was a Radio Awards Winner as writer for Trashed, for Channel Z, Wellington. In 2000, he was given a Special Radio Awards Commendation for The Sunglass Store. Besides his television work on Flight of the Conchords, Clement was a writer and cast member of the television shows Skitz and Tellylaughs in New Zealand. Clement, with fellow Conchord member Bret McKenzie, guest starred as a pair of camp counselors in "Elementary School Musical", the season premiere of the 22nd season of The Simpsons, which aired on 26 September 2010. Clement also played the role of a prisoner in a Russian gulag in the 2014 film Muppets Most Wanted, a sequel to The Muppets (2011). Clement was featured as one of 2008's "100 Sexiest People" in a special edition of the Australian magazine Who. Fellow Conchord member McKenzie appeared on the same list. In 2015, Clement voiced a "mind-reading fart" on an episode of the Adult Swim animated series Rick and Morty, where he performed the song "Goodbye Moonmen". Clement also starred in the independent film, People Places Things, which received positive reviews. In 2016, Clement lent his voice to Tamatoa, a giant coconut crab, in the Disney animated film Moana, both in English, and the Māori dub. He based the character's voice on that of David Bowie. In 2017, Clement played Oliver Bird in the FX TV series Legion. He also voiced Sauron in The Lego Batman Movie. In 2019, Clement played the role of a musician in the Belgium film Patrick. His character, a touring musician visiting a naturist camp, was one of the few characters in full clothes for the duration of the film. Personal life Clement's whānau did not have a car when he was a boy, and as a result he has never learned to drive. In August 2008, Clement married his longtime girlfriend, theatre actress and playwright Miranda Manasiadis. Their son, Sophocles Iraia, was born in October 2008 in New York City and is named after Manasiadis's Greek great-grandfather Sophocles, and Clement's tipuna Iraia Te Ama-o-te-rangi Te Whaiti. They live in Wellington. Filmography Film Television Discography Radio Awards and nominations Notes References External links NZ on screen profile BBC Radio 2 1974 births Living people 20th-century New Zealand male actors 21st-century New Zealand male actors Flight of the Conchords members Grammy Award winners New Zealand Māori musicians New Zealand male comedians New Zealand male film actors New Zealand male Māori actors New Zealand male television actors New Zealand male voice actors New Zealand musicians Ngāti Kahungunu people People from Masterton New Zealand film directors New Zealand film producers New Zealand screenwriters New Zealand expatriates in England New Zealand expatriates in the United States New Zealand male screenwriters	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemaine%20Clement
In algebra, the zero-product property states that the product of two nonzero elements is nonzero. In other words, This property is also known as the rule of zero product, the null factor law, the multiplication property of zero, the nonexistence of nontrivial zero divisors, or one of the two zero-factor properties. All of the number systems studied in elementary mathematics — the integers , the rational numbers , the real numbers , and the complex numbers — satisfy the zero-product property. In general, a ring which satisfies the zero-product property is called a domain. Algebraic context Suppose is an algebraic structure. We might ask, does have the zero-product property? In order for this question to have meaning, must have both additive structure and multiplicative structure. Usually one assumes that is a ring, though it could be something else, e.g. the set of nonnegative integers with ordinary addition and multiplication, which is only a (commutative) semiring. Note that if satisfies the zero-product property, and if is a subset of , then also satisfies the zero product property: if and are elements of such that , then either or because and can also be considered as elements of . Examples A ring in which the zero-product property holds is called a domain. A commutative domain with a multiplicative identity element is called an integral domain. Any field is an integral domain; in fact, any subring of a field is an integral domain (as long as it contains 1). Similarly, any subring of a skew field is a domain. Thus, the zero-product property holds for any subring of a skew field. If is a prime number, then the ring of integers modulo has the zero-product property (in fact, it is a field). The Gaussian integers are an integral domain because they are a subring of the complex numbers. In the strictly skew field of quaternions, the zero-product property holds. This ring is not an integral domain, because the multiplication is not commutative. The set of nonnegative integers is not a ring (being instead a semiring), but it does satisfy the zero-product property. Non-examples Let denote the ring of integers modulo . Then does not satisfy the zero product property: 2 and 3 are nonzero elements, yet . In general, if is a composite number, then does not satisfy the zero-product property. Namely, if where , then and are nonzero modulo , yet . The ring of 2×2 matrices with integer entries does not satisfy the zero-product property: if and then yet neither nor is zero. The ring of all functions , from the unit interval to the real numbers, has nontrivial zero divisors: there are pairs of functions which are not identically equal to zero yet whose product is the zero function. In fact, it is not hard to construct, for any n ≥ 2, functions , none of which is identically zero, such that is identically zero whenever . The same is true even if we consider only continuous functions, or only even infinitely smooth functions. On the other hand, analytic functions have the zero-product property. Application to finding roots of polynomials Suppose and are univariate polynomials with real coefficients, and is a real number such that . (Actually, we may allow the coefficients and to come from any integral domain.) By the zero-product property, it follows that either or . In other words, the roots of are precisely the roots of together with the roots of . Thus, one can use factorization to find the roots of a polynomial. For example, the polynomial factorizes as ; hence, its roots are precisely 3, 1, and −2. In general, suppose is an integral domain and is a monic univariate polynomial of degree with coefficients in . Suppose also that has distinct roots . It follows (but we do not prove here) that factorizes as . By the zero-product property, it follows that are the only roots of : any root of must be a root of for some . In particular, has at most distinct roots. If however is not an integral domain, then the conclusion need not hold. For example, the cubic polynomial has six roots in (though it has only three roots in ). See also Fundamental theorem of algebra Integral domain and domain Prime ideal Zero divisor Notes References David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra (3d ed.), Wiley, 2003, . External links PlanetMath: Zero rule of product Abstract algebra Elementary algebra Real analysis Ring theory 0 (number)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-product%20property
The Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs is a former position within the United States Department of State that, according to the Department website, "coordinates U.S. foreign relations on a variety of global issues, including democracy, human rights, and labor; environment, oceans, and science; population, refugees, and migration; women's issues; and trafficking in persons." The office was last held by Maria Otero. Other former Under Secretaries were Timothy Wirth, Frank E. Loy, and Paula Dobriansky. The State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 states the Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs had the responsibility to coordinate with the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs and other offices from regional bureaus to promote democracy in nondemocratic countries. The Under Secretary also advises the Secretary of the Department of State of the effects on human rights and democracy on a foreign country on any recommendation requested by another official, or any agency program. The position was created when Section 161(b) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 authorized the appointment of a fifth Under Secretary of State. Change On January 17, 2012, the Office of the Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs (State Department designation G) became the Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights (State Department designation J). List of Under Secretaries of State for Democracy and Global Affairs, 1994—2012 References Defunct agencies of the United States government	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under%20Secretary%20of%20State%20for%20Democracy%20and%20Global%20Affairs
The variable darner (Aeshna interrupta) is a dragonfly of the family Aeshnidae, native from Alaska through the Northwest Territories to Newfoundland, south to New Hampshire and Michigan in the eastern United States, and to the mountains of New Mexico, Arizona, and California in the west. It's named after the distinctive broken stripes on the sides of the thorax of many male specimens. It lives in many habitats from northern and mountain peatlands to cattail marshes and temporary pools. It is the characteristic species of grassland ponds. References External links Variable darner profile Aeshnidae Insects described in 1904 Taxa named by Edmund Murton Walker	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable%20darner
The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) was formed in 1980 and is a collaboration between three United Nations bodies, the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme, to establish a scientific basis for safe use of chemicals and to strengthen national capabilities and capacities for chemical safety. A related joint project with the same aim, IPCS INCHEM, is a collaboration between IPCS and the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS). The IPCS identifies the following as "chemicals of major public health concern": Air pollution Arsenic Asbestos Benzene Cadmium Dioxin and dioxin-like substances Inadequate or excess fluoride Lead Mercury Highly hazardous pesticides See also Acceptable daily intake International Chemical Safety Card Concise International Chemical Assessment Document Food safety References External links Official WHO site Official site Chemical safety World Health Organization International Labour Organization United Nations Environment Programme	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Programme%20on%20Chemical%20Safety
David Hastings Moore (September 4, 1838 – November 23, 1915) was an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1900. He also gained notability as a Union Army officer in the American Civil War, as a pastor, as the editor of an important Methodist periodical, and as a university chancellor. Birth and early life David was born September 4, 1838, in Athens, Ohio, a son of the Hon. Eliakim Hastings Moore, a U.S. Congressman. David was converted to the Christian faith in 1855. David married Julia Sophia Carpenter, also of Athens, June 21, 1860. She died in 1911, leaving the couple's six children. Education and military service David graduated from the Ohio University in 1860 with the A.B. degree. He earned the A.M. degree from O.U. in 1863. He also was awarded the honorary degrees D.D. and LL.D. In May 1862 David volunteered as a chaplain in the Union Army during the American Civil War, becoming a captain commanding an Ohio Company at Harper's Ferry when General Miles surrendered that post. Released on parole, he was soon exchanged and re-entered the service as a major, then was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He had command of the 125th Ohio Infantry (a regiment dubbed the "Ohio Tigers" by General Thomas of Chickamauga) for almost the entire Atlanta Campaign, his colonel having been placed in command of a brigade. Having been wounded, after the fall of Atlanta, his health being impaired, he returned to civilian life in Ohio, where he was immediately re-employed as a pastor. Ordained and academic ministries David entered the ordained ministry of the M.E. Church in 1860, admitted as a probationer in the Ohio Annual Conference. His pastoral ministry actually began in 1855, when he was appointed pastor of the Second Street M.E. Church in Zanesville, Ohio (serving there until 1868, before and after military service). Moore subsequently served these appointments: St. Paul's M.E. in Delaware, Ohio (1868–70); Wesley Chapel in Columbus, Ohio (1870–72); and Trinity M.E. in Cincinnati (1872–75), having transferred his conference membership to the Cincinnati Annual Conference in 1872. Moore became the president of the Cincinnati Wesleyan Female Seminary (aka Cincinnati Wesleyan College) in 1875, serving until 1880. He then followed fellow Athens, Ohio-born Methodist Earl Cranston to Colorado, where he became the president of the Colorado Seminary. As such Moore also became the first chancellor of the University of Denver (which the Colorado Seminary became), which he organized under favorable auspices, serving in this capacity from October 1880 to June 1889. He also served as the pastor of Evans Memorial Chapel at this time, assigned to this role in 1883. It is said that "his labors [at the University of Denver] are among the treasures of the Rocky Mountain Conference traditions." He had a genius for friendship which provided a way into the hearts of the plainsmen and mountaineers of that day. This made him and the young university he served a power. Indeed, Bishop Harmon writes: He rode the buckboards and stages, bumping through canyons of Colorado and Wyoming, a builder of a civilization of strong western men. Editorial ministry Moore became the Editor of the Western Christian Advocate, an important Methodist publication of the day, in 1889. His editorials rang clear and strong as he championed the rights of women (regarding membership in General Conference, which they were denied at that time) and the rights of the "Freedmen" (both in the church and outside of it). Indeed, as it has been said, "there was never a dull line where David Moore's pen had wrought." Moore held this position until elected Bishop. Episcopal ministry Moore was made a bishop by the 1900 General Conference of the M.E. Church. He was initially assigned as Bishop of China, Japan and Korea, serving there four years. This was at the time of the Boxer uprising. Moore also wrote a vivid description of the war between Japan and Russia during this time. Following his four years service in the Far East, Moore was assigned successively to Portland, Oregon (1904–08), and Cincinnati, Ohio (1908–12). He retired at the 1912 General Conference. In 1915 Moore wrote a biography of his friend, fellow-Ohioan and Bishop John Morgan Walden. Death and burial Moore died November 23, 1915, on a train going to Cincinnati, Ohio. His body was laid to rest in a quiet churchyard in Athens, Ohio. Life summation Jesse A. Earl, in his article about Bishop Moore in the Encyclopedia of World Methodism, wrote this about him: "A man of great strength of character, David Hastings Moore had a vivid imagination, a rich and copious vocabulary, and an analytic and synthetic mind. He was an example of outspoken loyalty to his principles, his friends and his fellowmen around the world." Selected writings Introduction, Echoes from Peak and Plain, I.H. Beardsley, 1898. Tribute to Elizabeth Walden, pamphlet, 1900. Introduction, Life of Emily J., by Thomas Harwood, 1903. Address: The Open Door in Eastern Asia, First General Missionary Convention, Cleveland, 1903. John Morgan Walden, 35th bishop, 1915. Bishop Moore also wrote a description of the Russo-Japanese War. He witnessed this event while in charge of missions in China, Japan and Korea. Biography Sketch in Echoes from Peak and Plain, I.H. Beardsley, 1898. See also List of bishops of the United Methodist Church References Leete, Frederick DeLand, Methodist Bishops. Nashville, The Methodist Publishing House, 1948. Methodism: Ohio Area (1812–1962), edited by John M. Versteeg, Litt.D., D.D. (Ohio Area Sesquicentennial Committee, 1962). Cyclopaedia of Methodism, Matthew Simpson, D.D., LL.D., Ed., (Revised Edition.) Philadelphia, Louis H. Everts, 1880. Encyclopedia of World Methodism, Nolan Bailey Harmon, General Editor. Nashville: United Methodist Publishing House, 1974, p. 1664. External links Chancellors of the University of Denver 1838 births 1915 deaths American Methodist bishops Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church Union Army officers Editors of Christian publications People from Athens, Ohio Chancellors of the University of Denver American biographers American expatriates in China American expatriates in Japan	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Hastings%20Moore
ICSC can refer to: International Cataloguing Standards Committee, in thoroughbred horse racing International Chemical Safety Cards, promoting the safe use of chemicals in the workplace International Civil Service Commission, administering the United Nations common system International Climate Science Coalition, a climate change denialist group International Council of Shopping Centers, the global trade association for shopping centers Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar, located in Jammu and Kashmir state, India International Committee of Silent Chess, renamed International Chess Committee of the Deaf (ICCD) in 2012	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICSC
The Palace of Heavenly Pleasure is a 2003 novel by Adam Williams. The book was first published on November 25, 2004 through Thomas Dunne Books. The book is set during 1899 in China and is told through the viewpoint of multiple protagonists. Synopsis The book's story is told in three parts. Part One sets the scene, with the various character's arrivals and meetings. Helen Frances meets Henry Manners and begins to grow affectionate. The brothel is introduced. The Boxers watch as spirits appear within the sky. Part Two develops the political aspects of the story and begins to demonstrate the influence of different powers within China. Later, the attacks against foreigners increase and the Airtons are forced to flee the town. Execution of foreigners, watched by the Airtons, as they hide in the brothel. Escape from the town, by means of train. Helen Frances is told that Manners is dead. Part Three introduces Orkhon Baatar, who helps the Airtons to survive. Lament of the previous tragedies. Finally, new character (Arthur Topps) enters Shishan. Reception Critical reception for the book has been positive, and the work has received positive reviews from Publishers Weekly and Booklist. The Guardian commented that it was "A modern twist on the traditional historical epic, although at 700 pages, it does go on a bit." References External links Historical novels 2003 novels Fiction set in 1899 Novels set in the Qing dynasty Hodder & Stoughton books Thomas Dunne Books books	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Palace%20of%20Heavenly%20Pleasure
The blue-eyed darner (Rhionaeschna multicolor, syn. Aeshna multicolor) is a common dragonfly of the family Aeshnidae; native to the western United States, it is commonly sighted in the sagebrush steppe of the Snake River Plain, occurring east to the Midwest from central Canada and the Dakotas south to west Texas and Oklahoma. In Central America it occurs south to Panama. This is usually the second earliest darner to emerge in the spring, with the California darner emerging first. It hunts small flying insects while on the wing. Adults The blue-eyed darner is a large species with a length of . The eyes of both males and females are bright blue. The male is dark brown to brownish black. The top of the thorax, behind the head, is marked with two blue stripes, and each side of the thorax is marked with a pair of blue diagonal stripes. The abdomen is marked with both large and small blue spots. The anal appendages of males and females are forked and the female is marked similarly to the male; however, the base color is brown and the markings are green. Distribution and habitat The blue-eyed darner occurs in western North America and in Central America as far south as Panama, at both low and moderate altitudes. It occurs near a variety of water bodies, lakes, ponds, slow-moving streams, canals and marshy areas, especially in open rather than wooded areas. When not breeding, it is more likely than most dragonflies to be seen far away from water, in city yards, parking lots and other urban locations. It is on the wing from spring to late in the year and may be migratory in California, as a large number of them seem to appear in the fall. Behavior Males patrol at about waist height over open water, along the margins of water bodies and among dense vegetation, often having a regular "beat", and occasionally pausing briefly to hover. Copulating couples spend some time finding a suitable location in which to perch, often high in waterside trees. Females lay eggs among dense emergent water plants, and on floating stems and branches in open water, depositing the eggs both above and below the surface. References External links Blue-eyed darner info Aeshnidae Insects of the United States Insects described in 1861	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-eyed%20darner
Air Chief Marshal Sir Hugh William Lumsden Saunders, (24 August 1894 – 8 May 1987) was a South African aviator who rose through the ranks to become a senior Royal Air Force commander. RAF career Saunders enlisted with the Witwatersrand Rifles Regiment in 1914 at the start of the First World War and then served in the South African Rifles before becoming a pilot in No. 84 Squadron of the Royal Flying Corps, and sometimes flew as a wingman of fellow South African, RAF flying ace Andrew Beauchamp-Proctor. He became a triple ace, with 15 victories credited to him. He was promoted to squadron leader on 29 May 1929. He was appointed Officer Commanding No. 45 Squadron in 1932. Saunders served in the Second World War, initially as Chief of Staff for the Royal New Zealand Air Force before becoming Air Officer Administration at Headquarters Fighter Command in February 1942 and then being made Air Officer Commanding No. 11 Group in November 1942. He was made Director-General of Personnel at the Air Ministry in November 1944. At the end of the war, he was made Air Officer Commanding RAF Burma before becoming Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief Bomber Command in January 1947. He went on to be Air Member for Personnel in October 1947, Inspector-General of the RAF in October 1949 and Commander-in-Chief at Headquarters Air Forces Western Europe in February 1951. He was appointed Air Deputy to Supreme Allied Commander Europe and retired in September 1953. Post retirement Following a series of fatal accidents in the newly established Royal Danish Air Force (RDAF), Saunders was invited to serve as a special advisor to the Minister of Defence of Denmark in 1954, in order to reorganise and, it was envisioned, bring the number of accidents in RDAF down. Saunders indeed reorganised the RDAF and, realising that most of the equipment/planes were of a tactical nature, established Tactical Air Command Denmark as the supreme HQ of RDAF. In addition, a number of specialist commands were established, training improved and gradually the accident rate fell. He served in Denmark until 1956 and received the Grand Cross of the Order of the Dannebrog for his service. References \|- \|- \|- \|- \|- 1894 births 1987 deaths Royal Flying Corps officers Royal Air Force air marshals British World War I flying aces Royal Air Force personnel of World War II Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire Recipients of the Military Cross Recipients of the Military Medal Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom) Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta Commanders of the Legion of Merit Officers of the Legion of Honour Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog People from Germiston	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Saunders%20%28RAF%20officer%29

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