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The Intellectual Property Owners Association (IPO) is a trade association that is composed of owners of intellectual property, represented mostly by in-house corporate counsel and private practice attorneys practicing in the field, and other parties interested in intellectual property law. According to its "About IPO" page, the organization is composed of about 200 companies and more than 12,000 individuals who are involved in the association either through their companies or as IPO inventor, author, executive, law firm or attorney members. IPO’s corporate members file about 30 percent of the patent applications filed in the USPTO each year by U.S. nationals.
The Association advocates for reforms of patent, trademark and other intellectual property laws (in front of Congress and the courts) that it believes will advantage its members and the users of intellectual property systems, and it is often consulted by governments to provide an opinion on proposed changes in law as bellwether for how the relevant communities will be impacted by the proposed change.
In addition, the Association provides continuing legal education (CLE) for attorneys in the IP field in a variety of "conferences and seminars" throughout the year.
See also
Intellectual property organization
External links
Homepage of the Intellectual Property Owners Association
Intellectual property organizations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual%20Property%20Owners%20Association
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Brian Tompkins is the former coach of Yale Varsity Soccer. He joined Yale in 1996 and helped Yale to win its first Ivy League title since 1991, in 2005. Before he joined Yale, Tompkins had also built the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee into a national soccer power. It was announced in August that 2014 would be his last year coaching, and that he would be moving into the administration following the season.
He was born in London, England, and first went to the United States in 1980 as a part of a summer exchange program working with inner-city children. He returned for several summers and later became an assistant boys' soccer coach at Homestead High School in Mequon, Wisconsin, under coach Bob Gansler. In 1999, as head coach of Varsity Soccer at Yale, Tompkins lead the Bulldogs to a school-record 13 wins, an appearance in the NCAA Tournament for the first time since 1991 and a final national ranking of 18th.
Tompkins has done charitable work for several organizations. He organized a soccer/reading camp for underprivileged children, volunteered for the Midwest Athletes Against Childhood Cancer Fund and worked at Camp Heartland, a camp for young AIDS victims in Wisconsin.
Tompkins is a 1979 graduate of Bingley College with a degree in education. He and his wife, Kristin, reside in Milford and have one child, Ava. Tompkins also has an older daughter, Hayley.
External links
Brian Tompkins Tompkins's Yale biography
English football managers
Living people
English emigrants to the United States
Yale Bulldogs men's soccer coaches
Year of birth missing (living people)
Milwaukee Panthers men's soccer coaches
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Tompkins
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Juan Bautista de Toledo (c. 1515 – 19 May 1567) was a Spanish architect. He was educated in Italy, in the Italian High Renaissance. As many Italian renaissance architects, he had experience in both architecture and military and civil public works. Born, either in Toledo or in Madrid around 1515. He died on 19 May 1567 in Madrid, and was buried in Madrid in the choir of the primitive “Convento de Santo Tomás, Iglesia de la Santa Cruz”.
Career
De Toledo perhaps started his career in architecture in Rome, between 1534 and 1541, working for Michelangelo and Pope Paul III (Alessandro Farnese), completing the courtyard of Palazzo Farnese. Then, possibly, he continued his training in the construction site of St. Peter's Basilica, under the direction of Antonio da Sangallo the Younger. Another hypothesis is that he worked for Antonio da Sangallo the Younger in both Fortaleza da Basso, Florence and St. Peter’s Basilica of Rome.
Juan Bautista de Toledo, an enigmatic and puzzling personality, was known in Florence and Rome as Giovanni Battista de Alfonsis. However, in Naples and Madrid, he was identified as Juan Bautista de Toledo: both Spanish architects had the same hand writing. Perhaps, his true name was Juan Bautista de Toledo Alfonsis.
El Escorial
In El Escorial, his most significant work, on 23 April 1563, in the ceremony of the masonry stone (cornerstone), Juan de Herrera wrote over the visible side of the first stone, "JOANNES BAPTISTA ARCHITECTUS MAJOR. APRILES 23". In the other sides of the first stone, the inscriptions are: in one side, "DEUS OPTIMUS MAXIMUS OPERO ASPICIAT"; and in the other side, "PHILIPUS HISPANIARUM REX A FUNDAMENTIS ERIXIR −1563": "En 23 dias del mes de abril, dia de San Jorge mártir, deste año de 1563 se puso la primera piedra del monasterio en el cimiento del reflectorio, debajo de la silla del prior, que es en la bodega, debajo del dicho reflectorio, la cual piedra es cuadrada y está escrita por todas partes, que da a entender quien es el fundador, y quien es el arquitecto y el día y año en que se pone".
On 18 December 1546 Pope Paul III appointed the Spaniard Joannes Baptista, Deputy Coordinator Architect for St. Peter's Basilica of Rome: "Similis deputatio pro Joanne Bapta. Hispano". On 26 February 1947 “Michelangelo (…) informed the Florentine mason master Niccolo that he was to follow the orders of Giovanni Battista de Alfonsis, his personal choice as successor of Labacco(…)”.
Before his patron Paul III, died in 1549, on 20 September 1548 de Tpledo was summoned by the Viceroy Pedro Álvarez de Toledo Giovanni Battista de Alfonsis went to Naples to work under the name of "Juan Bautista de Toledo" in the position of "Maestro Mayor de Obras Reales en el Reino de Nápoles".
In Naples, he designed and rebuilt many buildings, including: the Strada di Toledo (since 1870 called Strada di Roma), the church of St. Giacomo degli Spagnuoli; the square bastions to the Castel Nuovo; a large palazzo at Posillipo, Castel Sant'Elmo; and several fountains.
In 1559, he was appointed Maestro Mayor de Obras Reales (mainly in Madrid and Toledo) by Philip II and summoned back to Madrid. His yearly salary was at first no more than 220 ducats, because Philip's policy, with his Spanish artists at least, was to give them moderate allowances until he had tested their abilities.
He restored the Alcazar de Madrid, Alcazar de Toledo and Convento de los Jerónimos de Madrid. He designed the frontage of the church de las Descalzas Reales He also performed architectural and public works in Casa de Campo de Madrid, Casa Real de Aceca and the Royal Palace of Aranjuez.
In 1561, he was appointed "Arquitecto Real" responsible for the town planning of El Escorial: Monastery, El Escorial village and La Granjilla de La Fresneda. He supervised architectural and public works in San Lorenzo de El Escorial (village), the surroundings of El Escorial (monastery) and La Granjilla until his death in 1567. The monastery was finished by Juan de Herrera in 1584.
The main public works in the town planning of El Escorial were the Aqueduct and Ponds of La Granjilla, the Aqueduct to the Monastery and the two streets joining El Escorial (village) to the Monastery and La Granjilla. El Escorial of Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera is an example of territorial development based on exclusive aesthetic values of global significance.
Furthermore, he designed the overall outline of La Granjilla de La Fresneda. The project was finished with the collaboration of architects, Gaspar de Vega and Juan de Herrera; gardener fray Marcos de Cardona; Furthermore, Dutch dam experts Petre Janson and Spond.
See also
Philip II of Spain
El Escorial, Madrid
La Granjilla de La Fresneda de El Escorial, Madrid
Juan de Herrera
San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Madrid
Valle de los Caídos
External links
Michelangelo at St. Peter’s: The Arberino Correspondence (article)
Michelangelo at St. Peter’s: The Arberino Correspondence (comments)
Juan Bautista de Toledo
Juan Bautista de Toledo (Giovanni Battista de Alfonsis) collaborating with Antonio da Sangallo the Younger in Florence
COPYRIGHT IN THE RENAISSANCE
HISTORIA DEL REAL MONASTERIO DE SAN LORENZO
Farnese Palace
Bibliography
Los verdaderos artífices de El Escorial y el estilo indebidamente llamado Herreriano | Portabales Pichel, Amancio | Madrid 1945.
Maestros mayores, arquitectos y aparejadores de El Escorial | Portabales Pichel, Amancio | Madrid 1945.
Juan Bautista de Toledo, arquitecto segundo de la fábrica de San Pedro de Roma | Carlos Vicuña OSA, Monasterio del Escorial | 1966.
Juan Bautista de Toledo y Miguel Ángel en el Vaticano | Severino Giner Guerri | Goya, nº 126.
Juan Bautista de Toledo y Felipe II: la implantación del clasicismo en España | Rivera Blanco, José Javier | Universidad de Valladolid 1984.
Juan de Herrera, arquitecto de Felipe II | Ruiz de Arcaute, Agustín | Madrid 1997.
Juan de Herrera: arquitecto de Felipe II | Wilkinson-Zerner, Catherine | 1996.
Copyright in the Renaissance: Prints and the Privilegio in Sixteenth-Century Venice and Rome | Christopher L.C.E. Witcombe | 2004.
Michelangelo at St. Peter's: The Arberino Correspondence | Howard Saalman.
Architectural Drawings of Antonio Da Sangallo the Younger and His Circle: Fortifications, Machines and Festival Architecture | Vol 1 | Christoph L. Frommel, Nicholas Adams (Eds.) | February 1994 |The MIT Press.
Architectural Drawings of Antonio Da Sangallo the Younger and His Circle: Churches, Villas, the Pantheon, Tombs, and Ancient Inscriptions | Vol 2 | Christoph L. Frommel, Adams Nicholas (Eds.) | September 2000 |The MIT Press.
Unpublished paper of Agustin Bustamante Garcia (UAM: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) on Juan Bautista de Toledo (Giovanni Battista de Alfonsis) at Florence.
Las tres primeras piedras del Monasterio de San Lorenzo el Real de El Escorial | Pedro Martín Gómez | Homenaje a Juan de Herrera | Fundación Obra Pía "Juan de Herrera | Santander | 1988.
Meorias | Fray Juan de San Gerónimo | Colección de Documentos Inéditos para la Historia de España, tomo VII | Madrid | 1845.
Historia de la Orden de San Jerónimo | Fray José de Sigüenza | Madrid | 1605.
Los orígenes arquitectónicos del Real Monasterio de El Escorial | Secundino Zuazo Ugalde, | Discurso de ingreso en la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando | Madrid, 1948.
La obra de El Escorial | George Kubler | Madrid, 1982.
References
Renaissance architects
16th-century Spanish architects
Spanish sculptors
Spanish male sculptors
Spanish Renaissance people
Spanish Roman Catholics
1510s births
1567 deaths
Italian Renaissance architects
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Bautista%20de%20Toledo
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Christopher or Chris Jones may refer to:
Arts, entertainment and culture
Christopher Jones (actor, born 1941) (1941–2014), American actor
Christopher Jones (comics) (born 1969), American comic book artist
Chris Jones (drama critic) (born 1963), American journalist and drama critic
Chris Jones (filmmaker), British filmmaker, author, film director, screenwriter and educator
Christopher Michael Jones (born 1969), American hip hop and R&B record producer
Christopher Jones (actor, born 1982), American actor and dancer
Chris Jones (British singer) (born 1985), British singer and songwriter
Chris Jones (American musician) (1958–2005), American musician and composer
Chris Jones (bluegrass musician), American singer/guitarist, leader of the Night Drivers
Politics
Chris Jones (Arkansas politician) (born 1976), 2022 Arkansas gubernatorial candidate
Chris Jones (Virginia politician) (born 1958), American politician in the Virginia House of Delegates
Software developer
Chris Jones (Access Software) (born 1955), co-creator of the Tex Murphy detective adventure game series
Chris Jones (game developer), founder of Obsidian Entertainment, a computer game company
Sports
Baseball
Chris Jones (1980s outfielder) (born 1957), former outfielder in Major League Baseball, 1985–1986
Chris Jones (1990s outfielder) (born 1965), former outfielder in Major League Baseball, 1991–2000
Basketball
Chris Jones (basketball, born 1991), American basketball player
Chris Jones (basketball, born 1993), American basketball player
Cricket
Chris Jones (cricketer) (born 1990), English cricketer
Christopher Jones (cricketer) (born 1973), former English cricketer
Association football
Chris Jones (footballer, born 1989), Welsh footballer
Chris Jones (footballer, born 1956), Jersey born England under-21 international footballer
Chris Jones (footballer, born 1945), English footballer
Chris Roosevelt Jones (born 1991), Liberian footballer
Gridiron football
Chris Jones (center) (born 1964), American football player
Chris Jones (cornerback) (born 1995), American football player
Chris Jones (punter) (born 1989), American football player for the Dallas Cowboys
Chris Jones (defensive tackle, born 1990), American football defensive tackle who is currently a free agent
Chris Jones (defensive tackle, born 1994), American football defensive tackle for the Kansas City Chiefs
Chris Jones (wide receiver, born 1972), American player of Canadian football
Chris Jones (wide receiver, born 1982), Canadian football wide receiver
Chris Jones (football coach) (born 1967), head coach and general manager in the Canadian Football League
Chris T. Jones (born 1971), former American football player for the Philadelphia Eagles
Rugby
Chris Jones (rugby union) (born 1980), English rugby union footballer
Other sports
Chris Jones (gymnast) (born 1987), British gymnast
Christopher Jones (water polo) (1884–1937), British gold medalist in the 1920 Olympics
Chris Jones (sprinter) (born 1973), American sprint athlete
Christopher Jones (cyclist) (born 1979), American cyclist
Chris Jones (racing driver) (born 1987), American racing driver
Others
Christopher Jones (Mayflower captain) (c. 1570–1622), English sailor, master of the Mayflower
Christopher Jones (Anglican bishop) (born 1964), Australian Anglican assistant bishop in the Anglican Diocese of Tasmania
Christopher Jones (Roman Catholic bishop) (1936–2018), Irish Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Elphin
Christopher Jones (biologist) (born 1976), American naturalist, inventor and writer on evolutionary medicine
Chris Braithwaite, aka "Chris Jones" (c. 1885–1944), Barbadian-born sailor and London unionist
Christopher Darnell Jones Jr., perpetrator of the 2022 University of Virginia shooting
Christopher W. Jones, American chemical engineer and researcher
See also
Jones (surname)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Jones
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Barnet and Camden is a territorial constituency represented on the London Assembly by one assembly member (AM). The constituency was created in 2000 at the same time as the London Assembly and has elections every four years. It consists of the combined area of the London Borough of Barnet and the London Borough of Camden. The current assembly member is Anne Clarke of the Labour Party who was elected in 2021.
Constituency profile
The constituency is a 'pie slice' pairing of the large Outer London borough of Barnet with the smaller Inner London borough of Camden. It stretches from Holborn in the south to the Greater London boundary in the north. It includes parts of central London, the inner city, suburban development and a semi-rural fringe.
The seat originally was a very marginal Conservative seat, being won by the party by less than 600 votes in 2000. The result was perhaps surprising as all of the area it covered, apart from the Chipping Barnet constituency, was represented by Labour MPs at the time.
It became reasonably safer in the 2004 and 2008 elections, but was lost to Labour on a swing of almost 12% in 2012.
Assembly members
The constituency returns one assembly member and is one of fourteen territorial constituencies in London. Represented from its creation in 2000 until the 2012 election by Brian Coleman, a Conservative from Barnet, former Labour MP Andrew Dismore won it from him with a swing of nearly 12%. Dismore stepped down ahead of the 2021 election and was replaced by Anne Clarke, a Labour councillor in Barnet.
Mayoral election results
Below are the results for the candidate which received the highest share of the popular vote in the constituency at each mayoral election.
Assembly election results
Overlapping constituencies
The constituency includes all of the following Westminster seats:
Chipping Barnet - Theresa Villiers (Conservative)
Finchley and Golders Green - Mike Freer (Conservative)
Hendon - Matthew Offord (Conservative)
Holborn and St. Pancras - Keir Starmer (Labour)
Barnet and Camden also includes part of the following constituency:
Hampstead and Kilburn - Tulip Siddiq (Labour)
References
London Assembly constituencies
Politics of the London Borough of Barnet
Politics of the London Borough of Camden
2000 establishments in England
Constituencies established in 2000
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnet%20and%20Camden%20%28London%20Assembly%20constituency%29
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BORGChat is a LAN messaging software program. It has achieved a relative state of popularity and it is considered to be a complete LAN chat program. It has been superseded by commercial products which allow voice chat, video conferencing, central monitoring and administration. An extension called "BORGVoice" adds word producing chat capabilities to BORGChat, the extension remains in alpha stage.
History
BORGChat was first published from Ionut Cioflan (nickname "IOn") in 2002. The name comes from the BORG race from Star Trek: The Borg is a massive society of cybernetic automatons abducted and assimilated from thousands of species. The Borg collective improves by consuming technologies, in a similar way wishes BORGChat to "assimilate".
Features
The software supports the following features:
Public and private chat rooms (channels), support for own chat rooms
Avatars with user information and online alerts
Sending private messages
Sending files and pictures, with pause and bandwidth management
Animated smileys (emoticons) and sound effects (beep)
View computers and network shares
Discussion logs in the LAN
Message filter, ignore messages from other users
Message board with Bulletin Board Code (bold, italic, underline)
Multiple chat status modes: Available/Busy/Away with customizable messages
Multi language support (with the possibility of adding more languages): English, Romanian, Swedish, Spanish, Polish, Slovak, Italian, Bulgarian, German, Russian, Turkish, Ukrainian, Slovenian, Czech, Danish, French, Latvian, Portuguese, Urdu, Dutch, Hungarian, Serbian, Macedonian.
See also
Synchronous conferencing
Comparison of LAN messengers
References
External links
Official BORGChat website
10 Best Free Chat Rooms
LAN messengers
Online chat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BORGChat
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The Lower Swat Valley () in Swat and Lower Dir Districts in Pakistan is an area of important archeological sites.
The lower valley of the Swat River has been occupied for the last 3000 years. The area between Chakdara Bridge and Saidu Sharif is littered with the remains of pre historic Aryan's Gandhara grave culture, Buddhist shrines and buildings of the Shahi Period. These archaeological sites are concentrated around three towns: Barikot, Odigram and Saidu Sharif.
Barikot
Near the Chakdara Bridge there are ruins from the Hindu Shahi Period and stupas at Haibatgram, Top Dara and Landakai.
About 25 kilometres from Chakdara Bridge (About 20 kilometres before Saidu Sharif ), Birkot is the site of ancient town Bazira sacked by Alexander in 326 BC. This town is situated on ancient route on the River Swat from Nawa Pass. Here ancient route take a turn to south through Karakar Pass into Buner which further lead to Shabaz Garhi in Peshawar Valley.
Gumbat Stupa is situated 9 kilometres south of Birkot (locally known as Barikot) in the Kandag Valley. This is one of the best preserved stupas of Swat. It consists of a cell of about 12 feet square with windows. It is surrounded on all sides by a narrow passage intended to walk around sacred images while worshipping. Before Gumbat is a large building known as Kanjar Kot, meaning Dancer’s Mansion. The place is beautiful but it is not advisable to walk there without the help of locals. From the end of the road to the stupa you need to walk about 30 minutes (at least). Besides the remains of the stupa, there are some remains of the monastery. Nothing has been done so far to preserve the site, but the stupa itself is in a rather good condition.
Mount Elum, 2811 meter High Mountain is considered sacred since ancient times. In the valley of Amluk-Dara near the foot of Mount Elum is the ruin of a Amluk-Dara stupa.
Three kilometers from Barikot towards Saidu Sharif is Shingardar Stupa (on your right hand side). You can easily access up to the stupa by car. The site is close to the road and safe. 1.5 kilometers from Shingardar is a large Buddha Carving on a cliff facing the road.. Further after 6 kilometers is the Gogdara Rock Carvings. These 3000-year-old engraving consist of different animals. There are some carvings that show people driving two-wheeled war chariots. These carvings were probably works of ancient Aryans. On the same rock there are some Buddhist carvings.
The gateway of Swat Barikot.
Barikot is a town in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan, located in the Swat valley region (ancient Udyana). Barikot is the present day name of the ancient "Bazira", which was besieged by Alexander the Great. Ancient fortifications by the name of Barikot-Ghwandai, located on the outskirts of the town, are being excavated by an Italian Archaeological mission since 1984. The oldest layer built of bricks and stone probably corresponds to the fortress besieged by Alexander. However, no traces of the Macedonian occupation have been found yet. The sequent layers consist of fortifications built by the Indo-Greek kings. A stone wall in Hellenistic style was built around the city, with equidistant quadrangular bastions, all according to Attic measurements. Ruins of palatial quarters as well as areas related to the Buddhist have been unearthed During the Kushan period, Barikot experienced rapid development with the creation of building dedicated to workmanship. Barikot has become a very important archaeological site, rivaling Taxila, for the study of history in northern Pakistan. A large quantity of the artefacts are preserved in the National Museum of Oriental Art of Rome, and the MAO in Turin. The nearby sanctuary of Butkara I has been very valuable in the study of the development of Greco-Buddhist art.
Odigram
Odigram is located 8 kilometers from Saidu Sharif. Aurel Stein identified this with Ora, a city where Alexander fought one of his battles. Italian archaeologists excavated this site in the 1950s. This site was occupied from 1000 BC to the 14th century AD.
During the Hindu Shahi period from the 8th century to the 10th century this was the regional capital of Swat. Ruins of Raja Gira's Fort, the last Hindu ruler, were excavated by the Italians in the 1950s. The first mosque; Mahmud Ghaznavi Mosque built in Swat was excavated in 1985 below the Hindu Shahi Fort in 1985.
Sites around Mingora
Mingora is one of the most important towns of the Swat Valley. It is situated 2 km from Saidu Sharif. On the other side of River Swat near Mingora Airport a site of Gandhara Grave Culture was discovered by Italian-led excavations at Aligrama. The site was dated to 1000 BC.
Sites are known as "Butkara I" (easily accessible, small fee) and Butkara II (an excavation lost in the hills and harder to find, free access). Both sites are safe.
Near Mingora in Jambill River Valley many Buddhist remains and carvings have been found. At Panr, a stupa and monastery from the 1st century AD have been excavated. At Loebanr and Matalai, Italians archaeologist unearthed 475 Aryan graves dated 1700 BC.
References
Book: Hidden Treasures of Swat, , 2014.
External links
How Swat Valley went from basket case to on the mend
Archaeological sites in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Buddhist sites in Pakistan
History of Pakistan
Swat District
Lower Dir District
Gandhara
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower%20Swat%20Valley
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Frantic Bleep is a progressive metal band from Norway.
History
Frantic Bleep was founded in November 2001 in Kongsvinger, Norway. The original instrumentation was Patrick Scantlebury playing guitars and synthesizers, Eywin Sundstrom on guitars and Karl Arthur Renstrøm on the drums. In November 2002, they released four songs for their first and only demo CD called Fluctuadmission. During the recording, Paul Mozart Bjørke joined the group as a studio member on vocals and bass.
Although a debut demo, the release gained positive feedback. There was enough positive feedback for the band to receive offers from several labels, one of which was The End Records, with whom they signed with in the summer of 2003.
Karl Arthur Renstrøm was replaced by Sten Erik Svendheim in July 2003. The band began recording their debut album, The Sense Apparatus in October 2003. The recording took an entire year to complete. The album was produced by Patrick Scantlebury with artwork by Christian Ruud. The album also features Kjetil Foseid, Daniel Solheim and Agnete M. Kirkevaag (Madder Mortem) performing various vocal duties. In 2004/2005, Lars Gunnar Morastseter and Trond Sand, both previous from the Norwegian Death Metal band The Laughing Man, joined Frantic Bleep. Writing and rehearsals for the second studio album started around the time the band played their first, and so far only, live gig in their hometown of Kongsvinger during the month of August 2005.
As of 2009, the album was announced as being in progress, and had a tentative release date of 2009, but as of June 2012, there has been no updates from the band.
Members
Current members
Eywin Sundstrom - Bass, Guitars (2001–Present)
Patrick Scantlebury - Guitars, Synthesizers (2001–Present)
Lars Gunnar Morastseter - Guitars (2004–Present)
Trond Sand - Drums (2005–Present)
B.P.M. Kirkevaag - Vocals (2007-present)
Former members
Paul Mozart Bjørke - Vocals, Bass (2001–2003) (Session Only)
Karl Arthur Renstrøm - Drums (2001–2003)
Sten Erik Svendheim - Drums (2003–2005)
Kjetil Foseid - Vocals (2004–2007)
Timeline
Discography
Fluctuadmission (2002) - Demo
The Sense Apparatus (2005) - LP
References
External links
Official Homepage
Label Profile
Norwegian progressive metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 2001
2001 establishments in Norway
Musical groups from Hedmark
Musicians from Kongsvinger
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantic%20Bleep
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Berwick Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team that was founded in 1926, and reformed in 1968. The team is based in the town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, just over the border in England. They are affiliated to the English Rugby Football Union and the Scottish Rugby Union. They play in the Scottish Rugby Union .
Berwick play their home games at Scremerston.
History
Berwick Rugby club was formed in the SRU in 1926 and played in the South District Union. Its playing standard improved until the early 1930s and although it survived annual difficulties of finding players and pitches it could not survive the outbreak of the Second World War which robbed it of both. When the club was reborn in 1968 it had three main aims - to strive for as high a standard of rugby as possible for the club and its individual members, to create a good physical environment for rugby, and to be part of the sporting and social fabric of Berwick. Pursuit of the first aim has taken the Club to the BT Scottish Premiership (Division 2). In 2004 it won the National Shield and in 2006 reached the semi-finals of the Scottish Cup. To date, the highest individual honours are headed by the 17 full Scottish caps won by Craig Smith and the thirty three by Gavin Kerr. Both were in the 2006 Six Nations Squad. Kerr was a member of the 2003 World Cup Squad and the Six Nations Squads of 2004 and 2005. Mark Lee captained the Scottish VII in 2002 Commonwealth Games and played with the British Army in 2005. Andrew Skeen played for the Scotland VII in the 2006 IRB Tournament. Current Berwick players have won many age-group, School and Student international and regional honours and the Club boasts a full international referee in Iain Ramage. In 2001 the club was invited to join the Border League, becoming only the second English Club in rugby's oldest league. The club has sides in the Border League, the new cross-Border League, the Border Semi-Junior League and age-group competitions from minis to Colts on both sides of the Border. The club has an increasingly skilled Ladies section which won promotion in 1999 and 2000 and was runner-up in the National Bowl in 2004.
London Scottish is another example of a rugby club in both the English and Scottish rugby unions.
Berwick Sevens
The rugby club runs the Berwick Sevens tournament. This takes place annually in April and the competition is part of the Kings of the Sevens tournament.
It has been won by the hosts only the once, in 1986.
Current holders of the trophy (2019) are Watsonians.
Notable players
Notable players for Berwick RFC include
Craig Smith capped for
Gavin Kerr capped for
James King currently playing for Edinburgh Rugby
Andrew Skeen capped and captained for team
Mark Lee capped and captained for the at XV and 7's and team
Jason Girdwood
Honours
Berwick Sevens
Champions (1): 1986
Hawick Linden Sevens
Champions (1): 2012
Northumberland Senior Cup: 1997
Northumberland Senior Plate: 2003
Scottish Shield winners: 2004, 2019.
See also
Berwick-upon-Tweed
Border League
Borders Sevens Circuit
References
External links
Official site
Rugby union teams in England
Rugby union teams in Scotland
Rugby union clubs in Northumberland
Rugby clubs established in 1926
Berwick-upon-Tweed
Rugby union clubs in the Scottish Borders
1926 establishments in England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berwick%20RFC
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Preston Scott Cohen is a professor of Harvard Graduate School of Design (GSD). In 2004, he established a partnership with two registered architects, Amit Nemlich and Gilles Quintal, and became the Design Principal of Preston Scott Cohen, Inc. based in Central Square Cambridge, Massachusetts. Preston Scott Cohen, Inc. is renowned for the design of cultural, educational, commercial buildings and urban design projects around the world. Projects include the Sarmiento Performing Arts Center in Bogota, Colombia; a new building for Taubman College at the University of Michigan; the Taiyuan Museum of Art in Taiyuan, China; the Datong City Library; the Amir Building, Tel Aviv Museum of Art; and the Goldman Sachs Canopy in New York. The firm is also well known for non-profit projects including the Cape Rep Theater, Temple Beth El in Springfield, MA, and the Detroit Chabad. Cohen has received numerous honors including induction as an academician at the National Academy of Art, five Progressive Architecture Awards, first prizes for seven international competitions and an Academy Award from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. Cohen is the author of Lightfall (Skira Rizzoli, 2016), The Return of Nature (2015), Contested Symmetries (2001), and numerous theoretical essays on architecture. His work has been widely exhibited and is held in numerous museum collections.
Academic career
Cohen received his Bachelor of Fine Arts and Bachelor of Architecture degrees from the Rhode Island School of Design in 1982 and 1983 (respectively). In 1985, he received his Master of Architecture degree from the Harvard GSD. Gaining professorship there in 2003, he also served as the Director of the Architecture degree program. In 2008, he was appointed Chair of the GSD, a position held previously by Rafael Moneo, Mack Scogin, Henry N. Cobb and Walter Gropius.
Geometry in architecture
Cohen's design approach is based on the projective geometry of the 17th century, but he shows a novel application by using oblique projections. This approach is supported by computer modelling. The calculations are rapid, sometimes preprogramed, and the transformation from two dimensions to three is a complex procedure. Geometry is returned to its independent status after having served primarily the needs of technology during the industrialization of the West. It is no longer a tool for the production of machinery.
In the case of the Wu House, renderings of which have been collected by the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, the curves are the intersections of cylindrical volumes. The spaces are three-dimensional images of geometrical operations. The vitality of the intersection lines reflects an idea of design which is far from the preconceived rules of the aesthetics that usually arise from these geometric forms.
Tel Aviv Museum of Art
In January 2004, Cohen was the winner of the Herta and Paul Amir Competition to design a new building for the Tel Aviv Museum of Art (estimated $45 million budget to build flexible gallery spaces, concessions, as well as the restoration of labs and offices). The building is noted for its hyperboloid form, and is to be finished with Israeli stone. Renderings of the project were shown at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles in a 2006-2007 exhibition entitled Skin + Bones: parallel practices in fashion and architecture.
Publications
The 2001 monograph Contested Symmetries, The Architecture and Writings of Preston Scott Cohen, Princeton Architectural Press
The Return of Nature, with Erika Naginski, 2014, Routledge
Lightfall, 2016, Skira Rizzoli
Peter Eisenman, Preston Scott Cohen et al., Peter Eisenman: In dialogue with architects and philosopher(Vladan Djokić and Petar Bojanić (eds.)), Mimesis International. 2017,
Notes
External links
Preston Scott Cohen Inc.
Preston Scott Cohen at the Museum of Modern Art
Preston Scott Cohen photographed by Jeff Barnett-Winsby for Mark Magazine
Talking Practice Podcast, Interview of Scott Cohen by Grace La
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American architects
Rhode Island School of Design alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Design faculty
Living people
21st-century American architects
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William James Herder (1849–1922), publisher, born Old Perlican, Newfoundland Colony, was the founder of Newfoundland's first daily newspaper, The Evening Telegram.
Herder was educated at Methodist Academy and in 1863 had apprenticed as a printer for the Courier. When the Courier experienced financial difficulties Herder had bought it and in 1872 began the Evening Telegram. Herder also started the Advertisers Gazette in 1883, which experienced limited success.
Herder was a sports fan, as evident with the participation of many of the Herder family, that in 1935 the Evening Telegram donated the Herder Memorial Trophy to Newfoundland and Labrador Senior Hockey League for the winning team.
See also
List of people of Newfoundland and Labrador
External links
History of Telegram
Heritage Magazine PDF file.
Junior Achievement of Newfoundland and Labrador Biography
Herder Memorial Trophy History
1849 births
1922 deaths
People from Newfoundland (island)
Pre-Confederation Newfoundland and Labrador people
Journalists from Newfoundland and Labrador
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20James%20Herder
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The United Nations Secretary-General is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal divisions of the United Nations. Many of the individuals who have served as the world body's top office have written memoirs, either before, during or after their terms of office (service).
Secretaries-General of the United Nations
Secretary-General of the United Nations memoirs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Secretary-General%20of%20the%20United%20Nations%20memoirs
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The Cartha Queens Park Rugby Football Club is a rugby union side based in Glasgow, Scotland. It was founded in 1974, after the merger of Cartha RFC and Queens Park F.P. They play their home games at Dumbreck. The men's side are currently in , the women's side are currently in the .
History
Cartha Athletic Club was founded in 1889. The 'athletic' club played a number of sports: Cricket, Athletics, Rugby, Tennis, Hockey... the association was hence named Cartha. The rugby union section was established in 1906. In 1974 Cartha RFC and Queens Park F.P. merged to form the present day rugby union club.
The club runs four adult XVs catering for all abilities and levels of experience. At Dumbreck there is an impressive youth section catering for over 200 local children aged 5 to 17. The club also has a senior women's side currently competing in the Scottish Women's Premier League at Premier 1 level.
Current 1st XV Squad
2022-23 Season
Notable former players
Former CQPRFC players include current Glasgow Warriors and Scotland stand-off Ruaridh Jackson.
Glasgow City Sevens
Cartha Queen's Park play host to the Glasgow City Sevens tournament at Dumbreck. This was originally known as the Cartha Sevens. The first rugby sevens tournament took place in April 1935 and continued for the following two years. After a break, for the Second World War period, the Cartha Sevens were reintroduced in 1950 and has then been played in all the subsequent years. On the merger of Cartha RFC and Queens Park F.P. in 1974 the tournament became known as the Cartha Queens Park Sevens. The Cartha Queens Park tournament was renamed to the Glasgow City Sevens Tournament in 2005.
Honours
Men
BT National League 2
Champions: 2016-17
Glasgow City Sevens
Champions (3): 1980, 1981, 1983
Glasgow University Sevens
Champions: 1984, 1985
Helensburgh Sevens
Champions: 1983, 1984
Lenzie Sevens
Champions: 1985, 1988
Old Aloysians Sevens
Champions: 1976
Moray Sevens
Champions: 1994
Women
Mull Sevens
Champions: 2009, 2010, 2011
References
External links
Rugby union in Glasgow
Rugby union teams in Scotland
Pollokshields
Rugby clubs established in 1974
1974 establishments in Scotland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartha%20Queens%20Park%20RFC
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Louis Émond (born November 9, 1969) is a Quebec writer.
Biography
Émond was born in Lévis, Quebec, Canada and earned his International Baccalaureate at the Petit Séminaire in Quebec City, where he studied under such teachers as Monique Ségal and Albert Dallard. At this time he discovered Noam Chomsky and wrote a thesis on the social satire in Les demis-civilisés, the Jean-Charles Harvey novel which for a long time was banned. Accepted into the Honours Program in the Department of Physics at McGill University, he soon lost interest in his courses and instead took to spending his time in the library, where he read voraciously the works of Friedrich Nietzsche, Milan Kundera and Stéphane Mallarmé. After briefly studying political science and art history at Université de Montréal, he entered the literature program at Université Laval.
After a year, he left university life behind, finding it insufficiently challenging, and devoted himself to writing his first novel, Le manuscrit (The Manuscript), at age 20. It was published 12 years later, after the author had worked his way through a string of jobs, was twice involved in legal proceedings, spent a night in jail for public disorder, and was rejected by publishers no fewer than 200 times. Suddenly, after a review by Réginald Martel, the respected critic with La Presse, who wrote: "Our national literature is in need of his immense talent," Émond found himself in the media spotlight amid comparisons with Hubert Aquin and the observation that his libertine tone echoed the spirit of Denis Diderot. Thus it was that Hoc and "my character" became part of literary consciousness. He was soon awarded two Canada Council for the Arts grants. Preferring solitude to the drudgery of media commitments, he left the country when the opportunity arose, and spent two years in Southeast Asia. Upon his return, he submitted his second novel, Le conte (The Tale), to prolific author and publisher Victor-Lévy Beaulieu who, seeing in it shades both of Yves Thériault and Maurice Blanchot, was so taken with it that he purchased the rights to the first novel and published the new one.
Highly critical of the world of publishing, Émond wrote a short story in the form of an anonymous blog that shone a light on some of the practices engaged in by publishers in France and Quebec. In 2009 he published the text, entitled Le sottisier de l'édition (Publishers' Howlers), on MySpace. Then, in early 2010, out of a desire to continue breaking down the boundaries imposed by traditional publishing, he offered a temporary version of his third novel, L'aide-mémoire (The Mnemonic), as a free download.
Works
On the fringes of the literary mainstream, the novels of Louis Émond are linked together by an intimate logic. They are part of a cycle, entitled Le scripte, which is set within an abstract geography peopled by characters who belong more to the realm of fantasy than to that of genetics and who reappear from one work to the next. They are defined primarily in relation to "my character", the narrator's double, including Hoc, who is a distorted reflection, almost a negative, of "my character". Although its manner may seem complex, the writing is precise and carefully rhymed, so that Louis Émond's novels encourage the reader to avoid being duped by the falsities of the narration. Each of his works opens up the references to a variety of other types of texts.
His first novel, The Manuscript (2002), is the starting point for a meditation on the human condition which begins with the destruction of all ideals: "for a long time I thought I had to start over again, start everything over again," says the narrator. This is the story of a man endeavouring to remain objective as he contemplates the thing that preoccupies him, his own downfall, but gradually he loses the equanimity, the objectivity, the distance he had created.
His next novel, The Tale (2005), tells the story of an outing in the snow which soon turns into a sort of inward road trip. The act of birth becomes a metaphor for exploring a life change that leads to doubt and a searching of the soul. Here the author examines the idea of a "profane quest for that which may appear sacred".
His third novel, The Aide-Memoire (forthcoming), is closer in style to The Manuscript than it is to The Tale and brings to a conclusion the triptych formed by these three works. In it the author explores the themes of perception, violence and alienation. The novel tells of the misfortunes of a character who, ultimately, seeks to transform them into life. The Aide-Memoire is written using the new French spelling.
External links
(fr) le scripte.net, Louis Émond's official web site
(fr) L'Île, Quebec Writers' Literary Infocentre
1969 births
Canadian male novelists
French Quebecers
Living people
People from Lévis, Quebec
Université Laval alumni
Writers from Quebec
Canadian novelists in French
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20%C3%89mond
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The 2nd Marine Regiment is an infantry regiment of the United States Marine Corps. They are based at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina and fall under the command of the 2nd Marine Division and the II Marine Expeditionary Force.
Current units
The Regiment comprises three infantry battalions and one headquarters company:
Headquarters Company 2nd Marines (HQ/2nd Marines)
1st Battalion, 2nd Marines (1/2nd Marines)
2nd Battalion, 2nd Marines (2/2nd Marines)
3rd Battalion, 2nd Marines (3/2nd Marines)
2nd Battalion, 8th Marines (2/8)
History
Early years
The first "2nd Regiment" of Marines came into existence in 1901 when unsettled conditions in the Far East required the presence of a Marine expeditionary force to protect American lives and property. The regiment was formed at Cavite, Philippines, on 1 January, by utilizing personnel for units recently returned to the Philippines from service in the Boxer Rebellion in China, namely, the 1st Regiment and the 4th and 5th Independent Battalions. The 2nd Regiment became part of the 1st Brigade of Marines stationed in the Philippines as a ready force to be committed wherever needed in Far Eastern waters. Following the collapse of Philippine resistance in the Philippine–American War, the 2nd was given an additional mission of helping carry out United States Navy responsibilities for the military government of Cavite Peninsula and the Subic Bay area. The Marines of the regiment established garrisons and outposts and continually patrolled their assigned areas to round up the remaining insurgents and to maintain law and order. In order to execute the regiment's military government responsibilities, officers were appointed to varied special duties such as captains of the ports, district commanders, inspectors of customs, internal revenue collectors, and provost judges and marshals. As the political situation in the Philippines returned to normalcy, drill, practice marches, and general field training. were emphasized to a greater degree. In January 1914, the regiment reassigned most of its units to ships and other stations of the Far East. With the transfer of the Field and Staff (Headquarters) to the Provisional Regiment, Guam, on 20 January, the 2nd Regiment was formally disbanded.
At the same time, a "2nd Regiment" served in the Far East, the 2nd Regiment, 1st Provisional Brigade consisting of a Field and Staff, and Companies A, B, C, F was organized at League Island, Pennsylvania on 26 December 1903. The regiment embarked and sailed this same date to Panama, arriving there on 3 January 1904. The primary mission of this force in Panama was the enforcement of provisions of the Hay–Herrán Treaty made with Panama on 18 November 1903 which provided for the construction of a cross-isthmus canal.
A revolution broke out in Cuba in late 1906, and a Marine expeditionary force was dispatched to the island to establish and maintain law and order. As part of this force, the 4th Expeditionary Battalion was formed at League Island, Pennsylvania, on 27 September 1906. The battalion sailed for Cuba, arriving at Camp Columbia on 8 October. Here, it was reorganized and redesignated 2nd Regiment, 1st Expeditionary Brigade. Order was soon restored, and upon the arrival of United States Army troops as occupation forces on 31 October, the 2nd Regiment was disbanded.
The final one of these temporary "2nd Regiment" organizations to be formed was designated as the 2nd Regiment, 2nd Provisional Brigade on 19 February 1913 at Philadelphia. The regiment was originally intended for duty in Mexico as part of an expeditionary brigade. Instead, it was sent to Guantanamo Bay and held in readiness for emergency duties, while undergoing intensive training. On 1 May, this unit was redesignated 2nd Regiment, Expeditionary Force, USMC.
Banana Wars
The lineage of the modern 2nd Marine Regiment traces from its activation as the 1st Advance Base Regiment at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on 19 June 1913. The following year that designation was changed to 1st Regiment, Advanced Base Force. That unit landed as part of a joint force to secure and occupy the Mexican port of Veracruz in 1914. That brief encounter resulted in two Medal of Honor (MOH) awards to members of the regiment, Wendell C. Neville and Smedley D. Butler. The following year, the regiment was posted to Cap Hatien, Haiti, to safeguard American lives and property. This turned into a long occupation during which the regiment carried put extensive patrolling, engaged in numerous sharp firefights, and trained a native constabulary. The most notable single action was the reduction of Fort Riviere, the most notorious rebel stronghold. Smedley Butler and Daniel Daly were both awarded their second Medals of Honor for valorous actions in Haiti. In 1916, the unit was redesignated 2nd Regiment, 1st Brigade. In 1933, the 2nd Regiment was redesignated the "2nd Marines." The following year, the 2nd Marines departed Haiti then was disestablished on 15 August 1934.
World War II
The 2nd Marines were reactivated in February 1941 in San Diego, California. This time the regiment was part of the newly formed 2nd Marine Division. The regiment, with the acting division commander and headquarters embarked in and remaining elements embarked aboard , , and , was placed on twenty-four hours alert for sailing effective 24 June with ultimate destination Guadalcanal. The ships sailed combat-loaded and ready for landing operations on arrival from San Diego on 1 July to the South Pacific in July 1942, to reinforce the 1st Marine Division during the Battle of Guadalcanal in 1942–43. On 7 August 1942 and in support of assaults onto Tulagi Island plus the islets of Gavutu and Tanambogo, the 1st Battalion, 2nd Marines landed in two locations onto Florida Island. Finding no Japanese troops, 1st Battalion, 2nd Marines shifted during day to support the 1st Marine Parachute Battalion on Gavutu and Tanambogo. Gavutu and Tanambogo connected to each other via a causeway. An attempted landing by Co. B, 2nd Marines onto the north coast of Tanambogo was unsuccessful. On 8 August 1942, Third Battalion, 2nd Marines plus two tanks of Co. C, 2nd Marine Tank Battalion were landed onto southeast Tanambogo. After hard fighting, Tanambogo secured by nightfall. Gavutu Island also secured on 8 August 1942. Other elements of 2nd Marines secure islets of Makambo, Mbangai and Kokomtambu (all near Tulagi Island) over 7 and 8 August 1942. On 9 August 1942, 2nd Marines headquarters plus attached companies of 2nd Amphibian Tractor Battalion, 2nd Service Battalion and portion of 3rd Battalion, 11th Marines (an artillery unit) taken by retiring naval forces to Espiritu Santo. Via cargo ship USS Alhena, headquarters of 2nd Marines, including Col. J. M. Arthur, landed on Tulagi during 22 August 1942. 2nd Marines later moved to Guadalcanal with elements of 2nd Marines engaged in combat on Guadalcanal from 7 October 1942.
The regiment was awarded a Presidential Unit Citation (PUC) for its actions during the final stages of the battle. This was its first such award.
Following Guadalcanal, the regiment moved to New Zealand for rest and recuperation. The regiment then took part in the bloody assault on Tarawa in November 1943. Commanding officer Colonel David M. Shoup, a future Commandant of the Marine Corps, received the Medal of Honor for his stalwart leadership at Tarawa. This was the only Medal of Honor awarded to a member of the regiment during World War II. The regiment's motto is derived from this battle. The regiment received a second PUC for its demonstrated valor there.
Following Tarawa, the regiment participated in the Battle of Saipan and the Battle of Tinian in 1944. The 2nd Marines acted as a pre-landing deception force at both places before coming ashore to join the main attacks. Once again, the regiment was used as a demonstration force during the Battle of Okinawa in 1945.
After the Surrender of Japan, the regiment took up occupation duties in Nagasaki, Japan that lasted for nine months. The 2nd Marines returned to take up residence at MCB Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, and have remained there as part of the 2nd Marine Division since 1946.
Cold War
At Camp Lejeune the 2nd Marines' primary mission was to act as a force in readiness. This entailed daily training, participation in annual training exercises, and overseas deployments. Among the continuing contingencies were making annual "Med Cruises" as the Sixth Fleet landing force and intermittent forays into the Caribbean. Elements of the 2nd Marines landed at Beirut in 1958, participated in quarantine operations during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, and stability operations in the Dominican Republic in 1965. The regiment remained stateside throughout the Vietnam War, but was called out when Iraq invaded Kuwait in August 1990. Regimental Landing Team 2 (RLT 2) comprised the ground combat element of the Marine Forces Afloat in the Persian Gulf during Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm. A rescue team including regimental assets was formed on the spur of the moment to save Americans and other foreign nationals besieged by rebels in Mogadishu, Somalia. As it had during World War II, RLT 2 acted as a diversion force tying Iraqi forces to the coast while the main attack struck inland during the liberation of Kuwait in 1991. One battalion (2/2) was attached to the 6th Marines to breach the infamous Saddam Line then drive north to seal off Kuwait City. 2nd Marines was awarded a Navy Unit Commendation for its actions in Southwest Asia.
1990s
The regiment returned home in 1991, then participated in military operations other than war. These included Haitian relief operations at Camp Lejeune in 1992, humanitarian relief and security operations in Somalia (Operation Restore Hope) in 1993, security operations in Bosnia (Operation Provide Promise and Operation Deny Flight) in 1994, humanitarian interventions in Haiti (Operation Support Democracy and Operation Uphold Democracy) in 1994, humanitarian relief for Cuban refugees (Operation Sea Signal) in 1995, and non-combatant evacuation/security operations in Liberia (Operation Assured Response) in 1996.
Global War on Terrorism
Regimental Combat Team 2 comprised the nucleus of Task Force Tarawa during the 2003 invasion of Iraq in the initial stage of Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. Its most notable action was the Battle of Nasiriyah to secure a pair of key bridges across the Euphrates River. The fighting there was later dubbed "Ambush Alley" and was the most intense urban warfare seen by the Marine Corps since the Battle of Huế in 1968. Elements of the 2nd Marines also supported the rescue of Army prisoner of war (POW) Jessica Lynch.
Individual battalions of the 2nd Marines have participated in stability and security operations in Iraq and Afghanistan on a seven-month rotating basis. The most notable actions in Iraq occurred in the Sunni stronghold of Al Anbar province during the battles for Fallujah during which the 2nd Battalion 2nd Marines was attached to the 1st Marine Regiment in 2004 to participate in Operation Vigilant Resolve and Operation Phantom Fury. These intense urban fights were reminiscent of the house-to-house fighting required during the Battle of Seoul during the Korean War in 1950 and the Battle of Hue.
The 2nd Marine Regiment deployed to Iraq in January 2005 as part of the 2nd Marine Division in the Al Anbar Province in western Iraq and returned home in March 2006.
2nd Marine Regiment deployed again to Iraq, Al Anbar province, from December 2006 - January 2008. They were mainly stationed at Al Asad but from March - September 2007 sent a majority of its regiment to Camp Korean Village to assume control there as well.
2nd Marine Regiment deployed to Afghanistan to FOB Delaram II, Nimroz Province from February 2010 to February 2011 in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. 2nd Marine Regiment returned to Afghanistan from June 2013 to February 2014, serving as the command element at Camp Leatherneck for RC Southwest.
See also
History of the United States Marine Corps
List of United States Marine Corps regiments
References
Notes
Web
Infantry02
2nd Marine
2nd Marine
United States Marine Corps in World War II
Military units and formations established in 1901
Infantry units and formations of the United States Marine Corps
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Alice Childress (October 12, 1916 – August 14, 1994) was an American novelist, playwright, and actress, acknowledged as "the only African-American woman to have written, produced, and published plays for four decades." Childress described her work as trying to portray the have-nots in a have society, saying: "My writing attempts to interpret the 'ordinary' because they are not ordinary. Each human is uniquely different. Like snowflakes, the human pattern is never cast twice. We are uncommonly and marvellously intricate in thought and action, our problems are most complex and, too often, silently borne." Childress became involved in social causes, and formed an off-Broadway union for actors.
Alice Childress's paper archive is held at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture in Harlem, New York.
Early years
Childress (née Herndon) was born in Charleston, South Carolina, but at the age of nine, after her parents separated, she moved to Harlem, New York City, where she lived with her grandmother, Eliza Campbell White, on 118th Street, between Lenox Avenue and Fifth Avenue. Though her grandmother, the daughter of a slave, had no formal education, she encouraged Alice to pursue her talents in reading and writing. Alice attended public school in New York for her middle-school education and went on to Wadleigh High School, but had to drop out once her grandmother died. She became involved in theater immediately after her high school and she did not attend college.
Career
Acting
Childress took odd jobs to pay for herself, including domestic worker, photo retoucher, assistant machinist, saleslady, and insurance agent. In 1939, she studied Drama in the American Negro Theatre (ANT), and performed for the company for 11 years. She acted in Abram Hill and John Silvera's On Strivers Row (1940), Theodore Brown's Natural Man (1941), and Philip Yordan's Anna Lucasta (1944). There she won acclaim as an actress in numerous other productions, and moved to Broadway with the transfer of ANT's hit Anna Lucasta, which became the longest-running all-black play in Broadway history among a cast that also included Hilda Simms, Canada Lee, Georgia Burke, Earle Hyman and Frederick O'Neal. Though many biographies list her as having received a Tony award nomination for her starring performance, this information appears to be inaccurate as the Tony Awards did not begin until 1947, some years after the production.
Playwriting
In 1949, she began her writing career with the one-act play Florence, which she directed and starred in, and which reflected many of the themes that are characteristic of her later writing, including the empowerment of black women, interracial politics, and working-class life. In Florence, a black, Southern, working-class woman, Mama Whitney, decides to travel by train from South Carolina to New York City to retrieve her daughter, Florence, who is a struggling actor. However, after a white woman waiting for the same train offers to help Florence by recommending her for a job as a maid, Mama Whitney decides to send her daughter money instead bringing her home. Childress' goal in writing Florence was to "settle an argument with fellow actors (Sidney Poitier among others) who said that in a play about Negroes and whites, only a 'life and death thing' like lynching is interesting on stage."
Her 1950 play, Just a Little Simple, was adapted from the Langston Hughes novel Simple Speaks His Mind and was produced in Harlem at the Club Baron Theatre. Her next play, Gold Through the Trees (1952), gave her the distinction of being one of the first African-American women to have worked professionally produced on the New York stage. The success of these plays enabled her to bring Harlem's first all-union off-Broadway contracts into practice.
Childress's first full-length, dramatic play, Trouble in Mind was produced at Stella Holt's Greenwich Mews Theatre in 1955 and ran for 91 performances. Biographies and her 1994 obituary claim that Trouble in Mind won an Obie award for the best off-Broadway play of the 1955–56 season, which would have made Childress the first African American woman to be awarded the honor. However, Trouble in Mind is not in the American Theatre Wing's records as having won an Obie for the 1955–56 season. Trouble in Mind is about racism in the theater world. In a play-within-a-play, Childress depicts the frustrations of black actors and actresses in mainstream white theater. The show's success led to plans for a Broadway transfer, but these plans were nixed when Childress refused to change the play's ending. Had it opened, it would have been the first play by an African American woman to open on Broadway (a title taken by A Raisin in the Sun four years later). An acclaimed revival of Trouble in Mind was presented on Broadway from October 29, 2021, to January 9, 2022, at Roundabout Theatre Company's American Airlines Theatre. It starred LaChanze, Chuck Cooper, Michael Zegen, Danielle Campbell, Jessica Frances Dukes, Brandon Micheal Hall, Don Stephenson, Alex Mickiewicz, and Simon Jones and was directed by Charles Randolph-Wright. The production was nominated for four Tony Awards including Best Revival of a Play, Best Actress in a Play (LaChanze), Best Featured Actor in a Play (Chuck Cooper), and Best Costume Design in a Play (Emilio Sosa).
She completed her next dramatic work, Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Story in Black and White, in 1962. Its setting is South Carolina during World War I and deals with a forbidden interracial love affair. Due to the scandalous nature of the show and the stark realism it presented, it was impossible for Childress to persuade any theatre in New York to stage it. The show premiered in 1966 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and was also produced in Chicago. It was not until 1972 that it played in New York at the New York Shakespeare Festival, starring Ruby Dee. It was later filmed and shown on TV, but many stations refused to screen it. A production was staged at Theatre for a New Audience from April 23 to May 15, 2022, directed by Awoye Timpo and featuring Thomas Sadoski and Veanne Cox. In the summer of 2023, it was produced at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival, starring Antonette Rudder and Cyrus Lane, directed by Sam White.
In 1965, Childress was featured in the BBC presentation The Negro in the American Theatre. From 1966 to 1968, she was a scholar-in-residence at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University.
In conjunction with her composer husband, Nathan Woodard, she wrote musical plays, including Young Martin Luther King (originally entitled The Freedom Drum) in 1968 and Sea Island Song (1977).
Newspaper columns
Childress published more than thirty columns in the Paul Robeson-associated newspaper, Freedom. The tabloid monthly ran from 1950 through 1955, and in 1956 she published a collection of them in her novel Like One of the Family. The ones in the book are not always identical with the originals in the newspaper, as the latter often explored a theme discussed elsewhere in the issue. As an example of Childress' approach here, when the unconsciously racist employer asks for a health card from the book's protagonist Mildred, a Black domestic worker, Mildred pretends to be relieved, saying she'd wondered how to ask for their own health cards from the family whose laundry she handles and whose beds she makes. The embarrassed employer backs off.
Also in association with Freedom, in 1952 Childress collaborated with Lorraine Hansberry, who had recently relocated to New York City and begun working at the paper. They co-wrote a pageant for Freedom'''s Negro History Festival, with Harry Belafonte, Sidney Poitier, Douglas Turner Ward and John O. Killens providing narration. Childress, sixteen years older than Hansberry, introduced the latter to the Black theatrical community of New York. This was Hansberry's earliest surviving theatrical work.
Young adult books
Alice Childress is also known for her young adult novels, among which are Those Other People (1989) and A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich (1973). She adapted the latter as a screenplay for the 1977 feature film also entitled A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich, starring Cicely Tyson and Paul Winfield.
Personal life
She had used the names Louise Henderson and Alice Herndon before her marriage in 1934 to actor Alvin Childress. The couple had a daughter together, Jean R. Childress, and divorced in 1957, when musician Nathan Woodard became her second husband.Michelle Granshaw, "Childress, Alice (1916–1994)", BlackPast.org.
She died of cancer, aged 77, at Astoria General Hospital in Queens, New York. At the time of her death she was working on a story about her African great-grandmother, Ani-Campbell, who had been a slave, and her Scots-Irish great-grandmother.
Awards
Off-Broadway Magazine (Trouble in Mind), 1956
ALA Best Young Adult Book of 1975 (for A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich)
Lewis Carroll Shelf Award (for A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich)
Jane Addams Children's Book Honor for a young adult novel (for A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich)
Paul Robeson Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Performing Arts, 1980
Honorable Mention, Coretta Scott King Award, 1982
What a Girl, 1985
Drama Desk Award – Harold S. Prince Lifetime Achievement Award, 2022 (posthumous)
Major works
PlaysFlorence (1949)Just a Little Simple (1950)Gold Through the Trees (1952)Trouble in Mind (1955)Wedding Band: A Love/Hate Story in Black and White (1966)The Freedom Dream, later retitled Young Martin Luther King, Jr. (1968)String (1969)Wine in the Wilderness (1969)Mojo: A Black Love Story (1970)When the Rattlesnake Sounds (1975)Let's Hear It for the Queen (1976)Sea Island Song, later retitled Gullah (1977)Moms: A Praise Play for a Black Comedienne (1987)
NovelsLike One of the Family (1956)A Hero Ain't Nothin' but a Sandwich (1973), which became a film of the same title in 1977.A Short Walk (1979)Rainbow Jordan (1981)Those Other People (1989)
Trivia
The song "Alice Childress" by the Ben Folds Five is not related to her. It is a coincidence that there was a woman with the same name that poured water on Ben Folds' wife at the time, Anna Goodman.
Childress was a member of Sigma Gamma Rho sorority.
References
External links
Rutgers University biography
Literary Encyclopedia's Biography
A Biography by Paul A. Reuben
Alice Childress, Artist Biography
Alice Childress's FBI file on the Internet Archive
La Vinia Delois Jennings, Alice Childress'', Twayne, 1995
1916 births
1994 deaths
20th-century American novelists
African-American dramatists and playwrights
American women dramatists and playwrights
American women novelists
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
Obie Award recipients
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
African-American actresses
American actresses
African-American screenwriters
Screenwriters from South Carolina
Novelists from South Carolina
20th-century American screenwriters
African-American novelists
20th-century African-American women writers
20th-century African-American writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice%20Childress
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The 2003 Green Flag MSA British Touring Car Championship season was the 46th British Touring Car Championship (BTCC) season.
Changes for 2003
Team and driver changes - Touring
For 2003 all three main manufacturers in the premier Touring class ran three cars. Reigning champions Vauxhall cut down to three Astra Coupes by axing its Egg Sport squad and entering three VX Racing-liveried cars, run once again by Triple 8. 2002 champion James Thompson and runner-up Yvan Muller remained, and Paul O'Neill moved across from Egg Sport to take the third seat.
MG expanded to three West Surrey Racing-run ZSs, with Colin Turkington joining 2002 drivers Anthony Reid and Warren Hughes after impressing in his debut season with the Team Atomic Kitten MG squad, which had also been run by WSR.
Arena Motorsport ran three Civic Type Rs for Honda, with only Irishman Alan Morrison remaining from the 2002 line-up. Matt Neal replaced Andy Priaulx (who left to contest the European Touring Car Championship with BMW) after moving from Vauxhall, and teenager Tom Chilton filled the third seat after an impressive debut year in the Barwell Motorsport-run Astra. Proton again returned as a fourth manufacturer, retaining both David Leslie and Phil Bennett in its two Impians.
Vic Lee Racing switched from the ex-works Peugeot 406 Coupe's to a pair of brand new Peugeot 307 designed by Sergio Rinland, former chief designer at the Sauber Formula 1 team. Reigning independents cup champion Dan Eaves was retained alongside Carl Breeze who raced for the team for most of 2002. Meanwhile, Tim Harvey swapped his crash helmet for a microphone, joining ITV's commentary team. Breeze would leave the team after the Rockingham races, moving to GA Motorsport in the seat vacated by Gavin Pyper. Daniel Buxton would in turn take Breeze's seat at VLR, graduating from the Clio Cup which he had been dominating at the time.
Gavin Pyper had started the season strongly in the GA Motorsport Vauxhall Astra Coupe, winning the independents class five times in the ten races he contested and leading the class when he was forced to withdraw due to a lack of funding. With Breeze now in Pyper's car Paul Wallace switched from GA's production Alfa Romeo to a second Astra which the team had entered for Gareth Howell at Silverstone after a failed attempt to hire 2001 Champion Jason Plato. (https://www.crash.net/btcc/news/7632/1/wallace-moves-up-to-touring-class)
Howell himself later reappeared in another ex-Triple 8 Astra for Team Dynamics from the Snetterton rounds onwards.
Production class champions Synchro Motorsport graduated to the touring class with champion driver James Kaye running an ex-works Honda Civic Type R.
Also stepping up was Rob Collard with his self-run team, entering an ex-works Vauxhall Astra Coupe that had been driven by Aaron Slight in 2002.
Team and driver changes - Production
Barwell Motorsport headed the Production class field after stepping back down from the Touring class and acquiring Synchro Motorsport's title winning Honda Civic Type Rs, which were driven by young debutante Luke Hines, and Alan Blencowe, moving from GA Motorsports. Edenbridge Racing cut down to a single BMW 320i for single seater convert Michael Bentwood, with Tom Boardman switching to John Batchelor's team (now known as Team Varta) in a new Peugeot 307. Jim Edwards Jnr returned in a Honda Accord as the team's second driver. A Peugeot 306 GTi and a second 307 joined the Varta line-up midway through the season together with Jay Wheals and Richard Marsh, and each of the four drivers raced more than one of these chassis across the remainder of the year.
GA Motorsport campaigned Alfa Romeo 156s for a fourth year, with Chris Ryan and Paul Wallace driving. However, Ryan withdrew after an expensive crash in the second round at Brands Hatch, and Wallace was called up to the team's Touring class assault mid-season. Mark Fullalove joined the grid mid-season with his own team, driving the Peugeot 306 he had raced for Tech-Speed Motorsport in 2002, while Jason Hughes was another late entry in a Nissan Primera run by his own Kartworld Racing team.
CMS Motorsport registered an entry with support from Macmillan Cancer for Nick Leason in a Ford Focus previously run by GR Motorsport in the 2001 Season but they were forced to delay their debut and ultimately never raced.
Other changes
Dunlop were confirmed as the sole tyre supplier, replacing BF Goodrich
The series included a race meeting at Rockingham for the first time, replacing Knockhill
Qualifying sessions at each race meeting lasted 20 minutes (compared to the 43 minutes of 2002) and only determined the starting grid for the first race
The finishing positions of race 1 determined the grid for race 2
Mandatory pit-stops were introduced for all Touring class cars in both races
Alan Gow returned as series administrator midway through the season, replacing Richard West who became the championship's commercial manager.
In addition to the ITV coverage MotorsTV broadcast all races live.
Teams and drivers
Race calendar and winners
Championship results
No driver may collect more than one "Lead a Lap" point per race no matter how many laps they lead.
Race 1 polesitter receives 1 point.
Drivers' Championships
Note: bold signifies pole position in class (1 point awarded in first race only), italics signifies fastest lap in class (1 point awarded all races) and * signifies at least one lap in the lead (1 point given all races).
Independents' Cup
Manufacturers Championship
Touring Teams Championship
Production Teams Championship
References
External links
2003 Season
Touring Car Championship season
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20British%20Touring%20Car%20Championship
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Dundee HSFP is a former rugby union team that played their home games at the Mayfield Playing Fields, Dundee, Scotland. The club disbanded in 2021.
The team was founded in 1880 by former pupils of the High School of Dundee. The men's side played in ; the women's side, known as the Dundee Valkyries, played in the until 2021 when the club bought Morgan Rugby Club to form "Dundee Rugby Club".
History
Beginnings
No doubt inspired by Abertay's Louis Auldjo, Dundee's first international rugby player, who had represented Scotland against England at the Oval in 1878, Dundee High School Former Pupils' Rugby Football Club was formed in 1880 by a group of schoolfriends and rugby aficionados, David Hynd, David Hutchison and Tom Ferguson, the principals of the affectionately monikered "Maryfield Gang" after the scrap of wasteland on which they would play after school. With no sport on the school curriculum in the 19th century, the boys passionately followed local teams Abertay and Red Cross and upon leaving school met in The Victoria coffee house on 23 November 1880 and decided to form their own team.
That meeting produced the first office bearers of the club:
1st XV
Captain: David M Hutchison
Sub-Captain and Secretary: Thomas C Ferguson
Treasurer: David Hynd
Committee: Herbert Bell, James Martin, David Robertson
2nd XV
Captain: Alexander Hynd
Sub-Captain: G. Stevenson
Secretary: William Ross
The club changed to be no longer restricted to former pupils of the high school and was an open club.
Purchase
The club bought Morgan Academy RFC to form a new club Dundee Rugby in 2021. One of the main reasons for the purchase was to rescue both clubs and prepare a development plan to get the new club into the professional Super 6 league.
Sevens
The club ran the Dundee Sevens tournament. On the club's merger with Morgan in 2021 to form Dundee Rugby a new Sevens tournament began that year to announce the merger. The first winners of the Dundee City Sevens were Blazin’ Squad (Men) and the Howe Harlequins (Women).
Honours
Men's
Scottish National League Division One
Champions (2): 2005–06, 2008–09
Scottish National League Division Two
Champions (2): 1989–90, 2002–03
Orkney Sevens
Champions (2): 2006, 2007
Glasgow University Sevens
Champions (1): 1996
Glenrothes Sevens
Champions (1): 1991
Midlands District Sevens
Champions (5): 1926, 1930, 1964, 1991, 1992
Howe of Fife Sevens
Champions (1): 1993
Stirling Sevens
Champions (1): 1970
Women's
Mull Sevens
Champions (1): 2012
Notable former players
Men's
Scotland national rugby union team
Stewart Campbell (17 caps)
Alasdair Dickinson (58 caps)
Iain Fullarton (6 caps)
Sean Lamont (105 caps)
David Leslie (31 caps, Rugby World's Player of the Year 1984, 5 Nations Grand Slam winner)
Shaun Longstaff (15 caps)
John Manson (1 cap)
Jon Petrie (45 caps)
George Ritchie (1 cap, first ever DHSFP player to be capped in 1932)
Richie Vernon (24 caps)
British and Irish Lions
Andy Nicol (23 Scotland caps, European Cup 1997/98, World XV v NZ 1993)
Chris Rea (13 Scotland caps)
Tom Smith (60 Scotland caps)
Rob Wainwright (34 Scotland caps)
Others
Frank Hadden – Former Scotland coach
Jason Hewett – New Zealand international
Jacob Rauluni – Fiji international
Moses Rauluni – Fiji international
Adam Russell – United States international
References
Sources
Massie, Allan A Portrait of Scottish Rugby (Polygon, Edinburgh; )
External links
Dundee Rugby Club, successor
Rugby clubs established in 1880
Rugby union clubs disestablished in 2021
1880 establishments in Scotland
2021 disestablishments in Scotland
Rugby union in Dundee
Defunct rugby union clubs in Scotland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dundee%20HSFP
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Content-addressable storage (CAS), also referred to as content-addressed storage or fixed-content storage, is a way to store information so it can be retrieved based on its content, not its name or location. It has been used for high-speed storage and retrieval of fixed content, such as documents stored for compliance with government regulations. Content-addressable storage is similar to content-addressable memory.
CAS systems work by passing the content of the file through a cryptographic hash function to generate a unique key, the "content address". The file system's directory stores these addresses and a pointer to the physical storage of the content. Because an attempt to store the same file will generate the same key, CAS systems ensure that the files within them are unique, and because changing the file will result in a new key, CAS systems provide assurance that the file is unchanged.
CAS became a significant market during the 2000s, especially after the introduction of the 2002 Sarbanes–Oxley Act which required the storage of enormous numbers of documents for long periods and retrieved only rarely. Ever-increasing performance of traditional file systems and new software systems have eroded the value of legacy CAS systems, which have become increasingly rare after roughly 2018. However, the principles of content addressability continue to be of great interest to computer scientists, and form the core of numerous emerging technologies, such as peer-to-peer file sharing, cryptocurrencies, and distributed computing.
Description
Location-based approaches
Traditional file systems generally track files based on their filename. On random-access media like a floppy disk, this is accomplished using a directory that consists of some sort of list of filenames and pointers to the data. The pointers refer to a physical location on the disk, normally using disk sectors. On more modern systems and larger formats like hard drives, the directory is itself split into many subdirectories, each tracking a subset of the overall collection of files. Subdirectories are themselves represented as files in a parent directory, producing a hierarchy or tree-like organization. The series of directories leading to a particular file is known as a "path".
In the context of CAS, these traditional approaches are referred to as "location-addressed", as each file is represented by a list of one or more locations, the path and filename, on the physical storage. In these systems, the same file with two different names will be stored as two files on disk and thus have two addresses. The same is true if the same file, even with the same name, is stored in more than one location in the directory hierarchy. This makes them less than ideal for a digital archive, where any unique information should only be stored once.
As the concept of the hierarchical directory became more common in operating systems especially during the late 1980s, this sort of access pattern began to be used by entirely unrelated systems. For instance, the World Wide Web uses a similar pathname/filename-like system known as the URL to point to documents. The same document on another web server has a different URL in spite of being identical content. Likewise, if an existing location changes in any way, if the filename changes or the server moves to a new domain name service name, the document is no longer accessible. This leads to the common problem of link rot.
CAS and FCS
Although location-based storage is widely used in many fields, this was not always the case. Previously, the most common way to retrieve data from a large collection was to use some sort of identifier based on the content of the document. For instance, the ISBN system is used to generate a unique number for every book. If one performs a web search for "ISBN 0465048994", one will be provided with a list of locations for the book Why Information Grows on the topic of information storage. Although many locations will be returned, they all refer to the same work, and the user can then pick whichever location is most appropriate. Additionally, if any one of these locations changes or disappears, the content can be found at any of the other locations.
CAS systems attempt to produce ISBN like results automatically and on any document. They do this by using a cryptographic hash function on the data of the document to produce what is sometimes known as a "key" or "fingerprint". This key is strongly tied to the exact content of the document, adding a single space at the end of the file, for instance, will produce a different key. In a CAS system, the directory does not map filenames onto locations, but uses the keys instead.
This provides several benefits. For one, when a file is sent to the CAS for storage, the hash function will produce a key and then check to see if that key already exists in the directory. If it does, the file is not stored as the one already in storage is identical. This allows CAS systems to easily avoid duplicate data. Additionally, as the key is based on the content of the file, retrieving a document with a given key ensures that the stored file has not been changed. The downside to this approach is that any changes to the document produces a different key, which makes CAS systems unsuitable for files that are often edited. For all of these reasons, CAS systems are normally used for archives of largely static documents, and are sometimes known as "fixed content storage" (FCS).
Because the keys are not human-readable, CAS systems implement a second type of directory that stores metadata that will help users find a document. These almost always include a filename, allowing the classic name-based retrieval to be used. But the directory will also include fields for common identification systems like ISBN or ISSN codes, user-provided keywords, time and date stamps, and full-text search indexes. Users can search these directories and retrieve a key, which can then be used to retrieve the actual document.
Using a CAS is very similar to using a web search engine. The primary difference is that a web search is generally performed on a topic basis using an internal algorithm that finds "related" content and then produces a list of locations. The results may be a list of the identical content in multiple locations. In a CAS, more than one document may be returned for a given search, but each of those documents will be unique and presented only once.
Another advantage to CAS is that the physical location in storage is not part of the lookup system. If, for instance, a library's card catalog stated a book could be found on "shelf 43, bin 10", if the library is re-arranged the entire catalog has to be updated. In contrast, the ISBN number will not change and the book can be found by looking for the shelf with those numbers. In the computer setting, a file in the DOS filesystem at the path A:\myfiles\textfile.txt points to the physical storage of the file in the myfiles subdirectory. This file disappears if the floppy is moved to the B: drive, and even moving its location within the disk hierarchy requires the user-facing directories to be updated. In CAS, only the internal mapping from key to physical location changes, and this exists in only one place and can be designed for efficient updating. This allows files to be moved among storage devices, and even across media, without requiring any changes to the retrieval.
For data that changes frequently, CAS is not as efficient as location-based addressing. In these cases, the CAS device would need to continually recompute the address of data as it was changed. This would result in multiple copies of the entire almost-identical document being stored, the problem that CAS attempts to avoid. Additionally, the user-facing directories would have to be continually updated with these "new" files, which would become polluted by many similar documents that would make searching more difficult. In contrast, updating a file in a location-based system is highly optimized, only the internal list of sectors has to be changed and many years of tuning have been applied to this operation.
Because CAS is used primarily for archiving, file deletion is often tightly controlled or even impossible under user control. In contrast, automatic deletion is a common feature, removing all files older than some legally defined requirement, say ten years.
In distributed computing
The simplest way to implement a CAS system is to store all of the files within a typical database to which clients connect to add, query, and retrieve files. However, the unique properties of content addressability mean that the paradigm is well suited for computer systems in which multiple hosts collaboratively manage files with no central authority, such as distributed file sharing systems, in which the physical location of a hosted file can change rapidly in response to changes in network topology, while the exact content of the files to be retrieved are of more importance to users than their current physical location. In a distributed system, content hashes are often used for quick network-wide searches for specific files, or to quickly see which data in a given file has been changed and must be propagated to other members of the network with minimal bandwidth usage. In these systems, content addressability allows highly variable network topology to be abstracted away from users who wish to access data, compared to systems like the World Wide Web, in which a consistent location of a file or service is key to easy use.
Content-addressable networks
History
A hardware device called the Content Addressable File Store (CAFS) was developed by International Computers Limited (ICL) in the late 1960s and put into use by British Telecom in the early 1970s for telephone directory lookups. The user-accessible search functionality was maintained by the disk controller with a high-level application programming interface (API) so users could send queries into what appeared to be a black box that returned documents. The advantage was that no information had to be exchanged with the host computer while the disk performed the search.
Paul Carpentier and Jan van Riel coined the term CAS while working at a company called FilePool in the late 1990s. FilePool was purchased by EMC Corporation in 2001 and was released the next year as Centera. The timing was perfect; the introduction of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act in 2002 required companies to store huge amounts of documentation for extended periods and required them to do so in a fashion that ensured they were not edited after-the-fact.
A number of similar products soon appeared from other large-system vendors. In mid-2004, the industry group SNIA began working with a number of CAS providers to create standard behavior and interoperability guidelines for CAS systems.
In addition to CAS, a number of similar products emerged that added CAS-like capabilities to existing products; notable among these was IBM Tivoli Storage Manager. The rise of cloud computing and the associated elastic cloud storage systems like Amazon S3 further diluted the value of dedicated CAS systems. Dell purchased EMC in 2016 and stopped sales of the original Centera in 2018 in favor of their elastic storage product.
CAS was not associated with peer-to-peer applications until the 2000s, when rapidly proliferating Internet access in homes and businesses led to a large number of computer users who wanted to swap files, originally doing so on centrally managed services like Napster. However, an injunction against Napster prompted the independent development of file-sharing services such as BitTorrent, which could not be centrally shut down. In order to function without a central federating server, these services rely heavily on CAS to enforce the faithful copying and easy querying of unique files. At the same time, the growth of the open-source software movement in the 2000s led to the rapid proliferation of CAS-based services such as Git, a version control system that uses numerous cryptographic functions such as Merkle trees to enforce data integrity between users and allow for multiple versions of files with minimal disk and network usage. Around this time, individual users of public-key cryptography used CAS to store their public keys on systems such as key servers.
The rise of mobile computing and high capacity mobile broadband networks in the 2010s, coupled with increasing reliance on web applications for everyday computing tasks, strained the existing location-addressed client–server model commonplace among Internet services, leading to an accelerated pace of link rot and an increased reliance on centralized cloud hosting. Furthermore, growing concerns about the centralization of computing power in the hands of large technology companies, potential monopoly power abuses, and privacy concerns led to a number of projects created with the goal of creating more decentralized systems. Bitcoin uses CAS and public/private key pairs to manage wallet addresses, as do most other cryptocurrencies. IPFS uses CAS to identify and address communally hosted files on its network. Numerous other peer-to-peer systems designed to run on smartphones, which often access the Internet from varying locations, utilize CAS to store and access user data for both convenience and data privacy purposes, such as secure instant messaging.
Implementations
Proprietary
The Centera CAS system consists of a series of networked nodes (typically large servers running Linux), divided between storage nodes and access nodes. The access nodes maintain a synchronized directory of content addresses, and the corresponding storage node where each address can be found. When a new data element, or blob, is added, the device calculates a hash of the content and returns this hash as the blob's content address. As mentioned above, the hash is searched to verify that identical content is not already present. If the content already exists, the device does not need to perform any additional steps; the content address already points to the proper content. Otherwise, the data is passed off to a storage node and written to the physical media.
When a content address is provided to the device, it first queries the directory for the physical location of the specified content address. The information is then retrieved from a storage node, and the actual hash of the data recomputed and verified. Once this is complete, the device can supply the requested data to the client. Within the Centera system, each content address actually represents a number of distinct data blobs, as well as optional metadata. Whenever a client adds an additional blob to an existing content block, the system recomputes the content address.
To provide additional data security, the Centera access nodes, when no read or write operation is in progress, constantly communicate with the storage nodes, checking the presence of at least two copies of each blob as well as their integrity. Additionally, they can be configured to exchange data with a different, e.g., off-site, Centera system, thereby strengthening the precautions against accidental data loss.
IBM has another flavor of CAS which can be software-based, Tivoli Storage manager 5.3, or hardware-based, the IBM DR550. The architecture is different in that it is based on hierarchical storage management (HSM) design which provides some additional flexibility such as being able to support not only WORM disk but WORM tape and the migration of data from WORM disk to WORM tape and vice versa. This provides for additional flexibility in disaster recovery situations as well as the ability to reduce storage costs by moving data off the disk to tape.
Another typical implementation is iCAS from iTernity. The concept of iCAS is based on containers. Each container is addressed by its hash value. A container holds different numbers of fixed content documents. The container is not changeable, and the hash value is fixed after the write process.
Open-source
One of the first content-addressed storage servers, Venti, was originally developed for Plan 9 from Bell Labs and is now also available for Unix-like systems as part of Plan 9 from User Space.
The first step towards an open-source CAS+ implementation is Twisted Storage.
Tahoe Least-Authority File Store is an open source implementation of CAS.
Git is a userspace CAS filesystem. Git is primarily used as a source code control system.
git-annex is a distributed file synchronization system that uses content-addressable storage for files it manages. It relies on Git and symbolic links to index their filesystem location.
Project Honeycomb is an open-source API for CAS systems.
The XAM interface was developed under the auspices of the Storage Networking Industry Association. It provides a standard interface for archiving CAS (and CAS like) products and projects.
Perkeep is a recent project to bring the advantages of content-addressable storage "to the masses". It is intended to be used for a wide variety of use cases, including distributed backup, a snapshotted-by-default, a version-controlled filesystem, and decentralized, permission-controlled filesharing.
Irmin is an OCaml "library for persistent stores with built-in snapshot, branching and reverting mechanisms"; the same design principles as Git.
Cassette is an open-source CAS implementation for C#/.NET.
Arvados Keep is an open-source content-addressable distributed storage system. It is designed for large-scale, computationally intensive data science work such as storing and processing genomic data.
Infinit is a content-addressable and decentralized (peer-to-peer) storage platform that was acquired by Docker Inc.
InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), is a content-addressable, peer-to-peer hypermedia distribution protocol.
casync is a Linux software utility by Lennart Poettering to distribute frequently-updated file system images over the Internet.
See also
Content Addressable File Store
Content-centric networking / Named data networking
Data Defined Storage
Write Once Read Many
References
External links
Fast, Inexpensive Content-Addressed Storage in Foundation
Venti: a new approach to archival storage
Associative arrays
Computer storage devices
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content-addressable%20storage
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Bani Ebid Stadium, is a multi-use stadium in Bani Ebeid, Egypt. It is used mostly for football matches and it also has an athletics track. The stadium holds 30,000.
Football venues in Egypt
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beni%20Ebeid%20Stadium
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Kalbar may refer to:
West Kalimantan, known in Indonesian as Kalimantan Barat and abbreviated to Kalbar
Kalbar, Iran, a village in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran
Kalbar, Queensland, a small town near Boonah, in southeastern Queensland, Australia
South Kolan, Queensland, in the Bundaberg Region, Australia, which historically contains a neighbourhood called Kalbar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbar
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Greatest Hits is a compilation of Billy Idol's most popular singles, released by Capitol Records in 2001. The album includes two additional tracks: a live recording of one of his most popular songs, "Rebel Yell" (this live version was recorded in 1993 and appeared as a b-side for the single "Speed" in 1994), plus a new version of Idol's longtime producer Keith Forsey's "Don't You (Forget About Me)". Although Forsey originally wrote the song with Idol in mind, Idol turned it down and eventually the song was given to Simple Minds who would go on to make it a worldwide hit in 1985. Greatest Hits was certified platinum by the RIAA in 2005.
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
Billy Idol albums
2001 greatest hits albums
Capitol Records compilation albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatest%20Hits%20%28Billy%20Idol%20album%29
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Edinburgh Academical Football Club, also known as Edinburgh Accies, is a rugby union club in Edinburgh, Scotland. The club is currently a member of the Scottish Premiership, the top tier of Scottish club rugby. Its home ground is Raeburn Place, in Stockbridge, Edinburgh. The team is coached by Iain Berthinussen.
The club regularly fields three teams and is also involved with Broughton and Trinity Accies in the Edinburgh BATs initiative, a community amateur sports club providing youth rugby across northern Edinburgh.
History
The club was formed in 1857 and is the oldest surviving football club of any code in Scotland, and the second oldest rugby union club in continuous existence in the world, behind Dublin University Football Club (founded 1854). They were one of the founding members of the Scottish Rugby Union.
In the 1873–74 season, they played ten matches, and won all of them.
In season 2007–08, the club's 1st XV finished second in Premiership Division 2, thereby securing promotion to the Premiership Division 1. That same season they experienced a successful Scottish Cup run, reaching the final with victories over Premiership 1 teams Currie, Hawick and Boroughmuir. The team lost the final 24–13 to the Glasgow Hawks. The club played a match against the Barbarians in April 2008 to mark the club's 150th anniversary. A book was also published that had been commissioned to celebrate the club's 150th anniversary, The Accies: The Cradle of Scottish Rugby.
In season 2009–10 the club's 1st XV was relegated to Scottish Premier Division 2 after they lost to Heriot's FP in the last game of the season and on the same day Watsonian's beat Melrose.
In season 2010–11 the club were Premier 2 League champions and returned to the top level of Scottish club rugby, the Premier 1 League, for the 2011–12 season. They remained in the Scottish Premiership after the restructure of the Scottish league system.
Ground
The Accies' home ground, Raeburn Place, is the location of the first rugby international. Seven players of the original Scotland side were Academicals, including the captain, FJ Moncrieff.
Honours
Men
Scottish Unofficial Championship
Champions (16 + 4 shared): 1865–66, 1866–67, 1867–68, 1868–69, 1870–71, 1874–75, 1876–77 (with Glasgow Academicals), 1877–78, 1878–79 (with Glasgow Academicals), 1879–80 (with Glasgow Academicals), 1885–86, 1886–87, 1887–88, 1897–98, 1898–99, 1899–1900 (with Edinburgh University and Hawick), 1905–06, 1929–30, 1955–56
Scottish National League Division One
Champions (3): 1996–97, 2010–11, 2017–18
Runners–Up (2): 2007–08, 2016–17
Scottish National League Division Two
Champions (2): 1999–00, 2003–04
Scottish Cup
Runners–Up (1): 2006–07
Langholm Sevens
Champions (1): 1929
Melrose Sevens
Champions (3): 1928, 1930, 1949
Hawick Sevens
Champions (3): 1929, 1936, 1946 (jointly fielded team with Edinburgh Wanderers)
Gala Sevens
Champions (1): 2019
Peebles Sevens
Champions (3): 1947 (jointly fielded team with Edinburgh Wanderers), 1984, 1989
Edinburgh Charity Sevens
Champions (5): 1929, 1932, 1933, 1942 (jointly fielded team with Edinburgh Wanderers), 1945 (jointly fielded team with Edinburgh Wanderers)
Highland Sevens
Champions (9): 1933, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1954, 1970, 1998
Edinburgh Borderers Sevens
Champions (1): 1966
Broughton Sevens
Champions (1): 2007
Lismore Sevens
Champions (4): 1975, 1982, 1986, 1991
Haddington Sevens
Champions (1): 1989
Edinburgh Northern Sevens
Champions (1): 2015
Musselburgh Sevens
Champions (2): 1979, 1992
Berwick Sevens
Champions (1): 2023
Women
Mull Sevens
Champions (4): 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997
Edinburgh Northern Sevens
Champions (1): 2001
Notable players
British and Irish Lions
The following former Edinburgh Academical players have represented the British and Irish Lions.
Rodger Arneil
Mike Blair
Alf Bucher
Stan Coughtrie
Jimmy Gillespie
Scott Murray
Robert Miln Neill
David Sole
Rob Wainwright
Scotland internationalists
The following (not previously listed above) former Edinburgh Academical players have represented Scotland at full international level in rugby union.
John Allan
Lewis Bell
Dave Callam
Alexander Clay
Jack Crabbie
George Crabbie
David Denton
Francis Dods
John Dods
Cornell du Preez
Douglas Elliot
Arthur Finlay
James Finlay
Ninian Finlay
George Gallie
John Gordon
Ian Graham
Gussie Graham
Chris Gray
Ian Henderson
Mac Henderson
Hamish Inglis
Bulldog Irvine
Duncan Irvine
Walter Irvine
William Lyall
Donnie Macfadyen
John Macphail
George Macleod
Arthur Marshall
William Marshall
Hugh Martin
George Maxwell
Tommy McClung
John McCrow
Bill McEwan
Saxon McEwan
Dave McIvor
James Mein
Stuart Moffat
Alex Moore
William Morrison
Scott Murray
Brian Neill
George Paterson
Tom Philip
Charles Reid
James Reid
Jeremy Richardson
Duncan Robertson
Ernest Roland
Graham Ross
William Roughead
James Sanderson
Jock Scott
Hamish Shaw
Allen Sloan
Donald Sloan
Pat Smeaton
Errol Smith
Archibald Stewart
Barry Stewart
Jock Stewart
John Guthrie Tait
Thomas Torrie
Phipps Turnbull
Alexander Watt
Tom White
Francis Wright
Arthur Young
Other internationalists
The following former Edinburgh Academical players have represented their nations at full international level.
Bill McEwan
Alastair Reed
Cross-Sporting internationalists
Cricket
The following former Edinburgh Academical players have represented both the Scotland rugby union team and the Scotland cricket team.
Leslie Balfour-Melville
Edward Bannerman
Bill Maclagan
Kenneth Marshall
Thomas Marshall
Henry Stevenson
Ben Tod
Rugby league
The following have represented Scotland at full international level.
P. J. Solomon
References
Bath, Richard (ed.) The Complete Book of Rugby (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997 )
Massie, Allan A Portrait of Scottish Rugby (Polygon, Edinburgh; )
External links
'The Accies - The Cradle of Scottish Rugby' - Club history written by David Barnes
Rugby clubs established in 1857
Rugby union teams in Scotland
Rugby union in Edinburgh
1857 establishments in Scotland
Sports clubs and teams in Edinburgh
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh%20Academical%20Football%20Club
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Kirkuk Olympic Stadium () is a multi-use stadium in Kirkuk, Iraq. It is currently used mostly for football matches and it also has an athletics track. The stadium holds 25,000.
The stadium was built in 1982 for an Olympics that never happened.
The stadium refurbishment is being done in two phases. First the stadium is being comprehensively rebuilt. Phase two will augment the facilities.
After the fall of the Saddam Hussein regime in 2003, at least 500 Kurds who had been displaced returned to Kirkuk and settled in the stadium. The families lived in the stadium for more than six years before moving on.
Subsequently, the stadium underwent renovations costing approximately 20 billion Iraqi dinars (around 11.7 million euros) and was expanded to include a hotel and two training grounds, among other additions. The construction works were funded by the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports. The project began in 2011, with the initial completion date set for 2015. In January 2020, the budget for the project was increased to 33.5 billion dinars (approximately 25.2 million euros).
See also
List of football stadiums in Iraq
References
Football venues in Iraq
Kirkuk
1982 establishments in Iraq
Sports venues completed in 1982
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkuk%20Olympic%20Stadium
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Benedetto Justiniani (1550 – 19 December 1622) was a Jesuit theologian and Biblical scholar from Genoa, in what is today Italy.
Justiniani entered the Jesuit noviciate at Rome in 1579 and later taught rhetoric in the Roman College, and then theology at Toulouse, Messina, and Rome. For more than twenty years, he served as head of the Roman College and regens of the Sacra Poenitentiaria (Apostolic Penitentiary). He also filled the post of Chief Preacher to the Pope. Pope Clement VIII appointed him theologian to Cardinal Thomas Cajetan, during his legation in Poland. Justiniani died at Rome in 1622.
Works
Justiniani's writings include:
In omnes B. Pauli Epistolas explanationes, 2 vols.
In omnes Catholicas Epistolas explanationes
Apologia pro libertate ecclesiastica ad Gallo-Francos
References
1550 births
1622 deaths
16th-century Genoese people
17th-century Genoese people
16th-century Italian Jesuits
17th-century Italian Jesuits
16th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
17th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
16th-century Christian biblical scholars
17th-century Christian biblical scholars
Italian biblical scholars
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedetto%20Justiniani
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The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (, SMHI) is a Swedish government agency and operates under the Ministry of the Environment. SMHI has expertise within the areas of meteorology, hydrology and oceanography, and has extensive service and business operations within these areas.
History
On 1 January 1873, Statens Meteorologiska Centralanstalt was founded, an autonomous part of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, but the first meteorological observations began on July 1, 1874. It was not until 1880 that the first forecasts were issued. The latter will be broadcast on Stockholm radio from 19 February 1924.
In 1908, the Hydrographic Office (Hydrografiska byrån, HB) was created. Its task is to scientifically map Sweden's freshwater and collaborate with the weather service in taking certain weather observations such as precipitation and snow cover. In 1919, the two services merged and became the Statens meteorologisk-hydrografiska anstalt (SMHA).
In 1945, the service was renamed Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut. Prior to 1975 it was located in Stockholm but after a decision taken in the Riksdag in 1971 it was relocated to Norrköping in 1975.
Staff and organisation
SMHI has offices in Gothenburg, Malmö, Sundsvall and Upplands Väsby, on top of its headquarter. To the Swedish public SMHI is mostly known for the weather forecasts in the public-service radio provided by Sveriges Radio. Many of the other major media companies in Sweden also buy weather forecasts from SMHI.
SMHI has about 650 employees. The research staff includes some 100 scientists at the Research Unit, where the Rossby Centre is part of. The research division is divided into six units:
Meteorological prediction and analysis
Air quality
Oceanography
Hydrology
Rossby Centre (Regional and Global Climate Modelling)
Atmospheric Remote Sensing
The regional and global climate modelling is at the Rossby Centre, which was established at SMHI in 1997.
Environmental research spans all six research units. There is also a project for providing contributions to the HIRLAM (High Resolution Limited Area Model) project.
The main goal of the research division is to support the Institute and the society with research and development. The scientists participate in many national and international research projects.
Air quality research
The air quality research unit of SMHI has 10 scientists, all of whom have expertise in air quality, atmospheric pollution transport, and atmospheric pollution dispersion modelling.
Some of the atmospheric pollution dispersion models developed by the air quality research unit are:
the DISPERSION21 model (also called DISPERSION 2.1)
the MATCH model
Allegations of harassment and corruption
An anonymous letter sent to the Swedish ministry of environment in 2019 and written by 100 SMHI employees, claims
that harassment and threats from the management happen frequently within the institution. A claim that SMHI's former general director did not wish to address thoroughly.
In 2020, it was revealed that the sea routing department was sold to its recently resigned former director for a very low price, without any public offer. The matter was reported at the Swedish parliament, but no formal action against the SMHI's management was ever taken.
References
External links
SMHI website
The Model Documententation System (MDS) of the European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (part of the European Environment Agency)
Airviro web page
Airviro page on Westlakes website
Government agencies of Sweden
Sweden
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
1945 establishments in Sweden
Government agencies established in 1945
National meteorological and hydrological services
Oceanographic organizations
Meteorological organizations
Hydrology organizations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish%20Meteorological%20and%20Hydrological%20Institute
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Frognal is a small area of Hampstead, North West London in the London Borough of Camden. Frognal is reinforced as the name of a minor road, which goes uphill from Finchley Road and at its upper end is in the west of Hampstead village.
History
The first reference to Frognal is as a tenement in the 15th century, probably on the site of the later Frognal House (now 99 Frognal). By the mid-eighteenth century it was a significant settlement, sought after by eminent lawyers, and infill development continued through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The organist at St Andrew's Presbyterian Church was the father of composer John Tavener.
Architecture
Frognal has a diverse architecture, with many architecturally notable buildings. The central area, lacking large council estates, has undergone less change than some other parts of Hampstead. University College School, an independent day school founded in 1830, relocated to Frognal (the road) in 1907. Frognal Grove, Grade II listed, (1871–72) was a large house inherited by the architect George Edmund Street, who made additions to it. It was later subdivided into four semi-detached houses.
Notable residents
Gerald Abraham, musicologist, lived at 106 Frognal from the 1940s onwards.
Sir Walter Besant, the author, lived at 106 Frognal, and died at 18 Frognal Gardens in 1901.
Webster Booth, the tenor and Anne Ziegler, the soprano, lived at Frognal Cottage, 102 Frognal, from 1949 to 1952.
Dennis Brain (1921–1957), the horn player, lived at 37 Frognal.
Kathleen Ferrier (1912–1953), the contralto, lived at 2 Frognal Mansions, 97 Frognal, from 1942.
Charles Forte, restaurant and hotel owner (Trust House Forte) lived at Greenaway Gardens in Frognal.
The Labour Party leader Hugh Gaitskell lived at 16 Frognal Gardens and ran a salon of influence in the 1940s, and as Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1950.
General Charles de Gaulle lived from 1942 to 1944 in 99 Frognal.
Kate Greenaway (1846–1901), the illustrator, lived at 39 Frognal in a house designed for her by Richard Norman Shaw in 1885.
Tamara Karsavina, the ballerina, lived at 108 Frognal in the 1950s.
E. V. Knox (1881–1971), the editor of Punch, lived at 110 Frognal from 1945.
William Page, historian and general editor of the Victoria County History, lived at Frognal Cottage (now 102 Frognal) from 1906 until 1922.
Sir Bernard Spilsbury (1877–1947), the pathologist, died at 20 Frognal.
Anton Walbrook, the actor, died at 69 Frognal in 1967.
Alastair Sim, the actor, lived at 8 Frognal Gardens.
Nearest places
Hampstead village
West Hampstead
Swiss Cottage, Hampstead
Belsize Park, Hampstead
Fortune Green, West Hampstead
Overlapping (in many definitions):
South Hampstead
Finchley Road (a linear area)
Rail and London Underground stations
Finchley Road & Frognal
Hampstead
Finchley Road
See also
One Oak, Frognal
Shepherd's Well, Frognal Way
Sun House, Frognal
University College School
Basil Feldman, Baron Feldman of Frognal
Susan Garden, Baroness Garden of Frognal
References
Further reading
Areas of London
Districts of the London Borough of Camden
Streets in the London Borough of Camden
Places formerly in Middlesex
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frognal
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The Guardian Weekly is an international English-language news magazine based in London, England. It is one of the world's oldest international news publications and has readers in more than 170 countries. Editorial content is drawn from its sister publications, the British daily newspaper The Guardian and Sunday newspaper The Observer, and all three are published and owned by the Guardian Media Group.
The Guardian Weekly is currently edited by Graham Snowdon, while Will Dean is on a long-term secondment to the Guardian's Saturday magazine.
History
Early years
The first edition of the Manchester Guardian Weekly was printed on 4 July 1919, a week after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles. The Manchester Guardian viewed itself as a leading liberal voice and wanted to extend its reach, particularly in the United States, in the changing political climate after the First World War. The Weekly had the stated aim of "presenting what is best and most interesting in the Manchester Guardian, what is most distinctive and independent of time, in a compact weekly form". The initial reception was good. Before long the Manchester Guardian could boast "there is scarcely a corner of the civilised world to which it is not being posted regularly", although it is worth noting that the newspaper was banned in Germany by Hitler for a time.
Evolution and editorship 1969-2007
For a large part of its early life the newspaper was a half-broadsheet format. Initially the notion of ‘the best of the Guardian’ meant a weighty opinion piece for the front page. It evolved, under the editorship of John Perkin, in 1969, to include the use of pictures on the front page.
In 1971, the English edition of the French daily newspaper Le Monde folded and the Weekly took on its 12,000-strong subscription list as well as four pages of Le Monde copy. A content deal was made with The Washington Post in 1975. Dedicated pages from both publications augmented Guardian articles until a redesign in 1993, under new editor Patrick Ensor, led to their articles appearing across the Weekly. In the same year, content from The Observer began to appear after the UK Sunday title was purchased by Guardian Media Group.
Around this time the Weekly relocated from Cheadle, to the south of Manchester, to join the rest of the Guardian in London. This move afforded the Weekly better access to editors, leader writers and news features. In 1991, technological advances enabled the first transmission by modem of pages to an Australian print site. Under Ensor's editorship, the paper began to be produced using the desktop publishing program Quark XPress. It became a tabloid-sized publication; then, in 2005, when the daily Guardian newspaper converted from a broadsheet to the smaller, Berliner format, the Guardian Weekly shrank to a half-Berliner while increasing pagination to its now-standard 48 pages. Full-colour printing was also introduced. By the end of Ensor's editorship, curtailed by his death from cancer in 2007, more advances in technology meant that even Weekly readers in the most remote locations were able to access the internet.
Since 2007
The appointment of Australian Natalie Bennett as Ensor's successor coincided with the Guardian’s move to a digital-first publishing strategy. Breaking news stories were now launched on the Guardian's fast-growing website, rather than held back to meet print deadlines. In 2007 a digital edition of the Guardian Weekly was created, an editor's blog was added and a presence on social media sites Facebook and Twitter came soon after. The Guardian Weekly can be found online at theguardian.com/weekly, where subscription information is also available. During her editorship, Bennett emphasised the need for the Weekly’s agenda to be truly global and increased its coverage of environmental issues and the developing world. Her passion for environmental politics led to her departure from the paper in 2012. She would go on to become the leader of the Green Party of England and Wales until 2016.
The Guardian Weekly’s evolution continued under Abby Deveney, a newspaper, newswire and web editor with more than three decades of international experience living and working in North America, Asia and Europe. Under Canadian Deveney, the Weekly embraced long-form journalism, with a greater emphasis on insightful writing, deep analysis and lively features that showcase a well-rounded world view. Reportage of global themes and trends now features on the front page, while the back page is a stage for the Guardian’s influential opinion writers. Her global experience ensures that the Weekly never comes from one geographical perspective. This aim has been aided by the launch in 2011 of a Guardian US website, edited from New York City, followed two years later by a Sydney-based Guardian Australia site, which greatly increased the Weekly’s coverage opportunities in these key territories. Deveney left the editorship in 2017 and was eventually replaced by Will Dean in April 2018.
The Guardian Weekly was re-designed in October 2018 as a glossy magazine. It was announced that the circulation of the magazine would increase, and three different editions would be published: International, North American, and Australian.
Format
The title is printed at sites in the UK, Poland, Australia, New Zealand and the United States in a full-colour news magazine format. The standard publication runs to 64 pages since its change of format (from a newspaper) on 12 October 2018.
Worldwide readership
Britain, Australia, the United States and Canada are the Guardian Weekly’s top markets, followed by New Zealand, France and Germany. With a following in more than 170 countries, the Weekly’s audience is spread around the world.
Surveys reveal that some 60% of subscribers had taken the paper for more than a decade. Readership tends towards a well-educated demographic. The typical reader is aged over 45, educated to at least degree level and either working in or retired from education, with a 59-41 male-female split.
Readers say typical reasons for subscribing include: a family habit of taking the Manchester Guardian; a spell working abroad in development or teaching; and retirement or emigration (often to Australia, New Zealand or North America). Others often report their route to initiation into the Guardian Weekly family came by having a copy passed along to them in a workplace or during a secondment.
Notable readers
The paper's readers include many world statesmen, including Nelson Mandela, who subscribed during his time in prison and described the paper as his "window on the wider world". George W. Bush was reportedly the first President of the United States since Jimmy Carter not to subscribe to the Guardian Weekly, breaking tradition with Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton.
Notes and references
External links
Official website
Founding of the Manchester Guardian
A visual history of The Guardian Weekly
1919 establishments in the United Kingdom
Newspapers established in 1919
The Guardian
National newspapers published in the United Kingdom
International newspapers
Weekly newspapers published in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Guardian%20Weekly
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Clanwilliam is a town in the Olifants River valley in the Western Cape, South Africa, about north of Cape Town. It is located in, and the seat of, the Cederberg Local Municipality. Clanwilliam had a population of 7,674.
Geography
John Cradock, the Governor of the Cape Colony (1811–1814), named the town after his father-in-law, The 1st Earl of Clanwilliam, an Anglo-Irish nobleman.
Clanwilliam is situated at an elevation of , between the western slopes of the Cederberg mountains and the east bank of the Olifants River, which is impounded there by the Clanwilliam Dam. It is located just off the N7 national road, which runs from Cape Town to the Namibian border, and on the R364 road, which runs from Lamberts Bay to Calvinia. Clanwilliam is from Cape Town by road.
The Dutch Reform Church has been a scheduled national monument since 1973. The mission there used to run a school where Harold Cressy once taught whilst studying to become the first coloured man to gain a degree in Cape Town.
History
In 1930, District Surgeon and botanist Dr Pieter Le Fras Nortier, a former Rhodes scholar, began conducting experiments with the cultivation of the rooibos plant. Dr Nortier also saw the vast commercial potential the tea held for the region. Dr Nortier cultivated the first plants at Clanwilliam on his farm Eastside and on the farm Klein Kliphuis.
Since 2001, Clanwilliam has been the site of the Clanwilliam Arts Festival, run by Cape Town-based Magnet Theatre. During the annual one-week arts festival, workshops in fine arts, dance, music, theatre, and performance are offered to children and youth from Clanwilliam.
Clanwilliam is the birthplace of ZP Theart, former lead vocalist, and founding member of the British power metal band DragonForce, and lead vocalist of the American hard rock band, Skid Row.
Coats of arms
Municipality — The municipal council assumed a coat of arms on 13 February 1964 and registered them with the Cape Provincial Administration in August 1964.
The arms, designed by Cornelis Pama, were : Or, a fess wavy Azure charged with a bar wavy Argent between in chief an elephant's head caboshed the trunk surmounting the fess proper and in base a trefoil Vert; a bordure embattled Ermine. In layman's terms : a golden shield with a blue wavy stripe across the centre and a narrower white wavy stripe on top of that, in the upper half of the shield is an elephant's head with the trunk hanging over the wavy stripes, and at the bottom of the shield is green trefoil, the whole design surrounded by an ermine border with an embattled edge.
The crest was an orange tree, and the motto Toujours pret ("always prepared"). Both the motto and the ermine on the shield were derived from the Earl of Clanwilliam's arms.
Divisional council — The Clanwilliam divisional council (the local authority for the rural areas outside the town) registered a coat of arms at the Bureau of Heraldry in May 1976.
The arms were : Or, on a pale wavy Azure, between two oranges stalked proper, four wavy endorses Argent; a pointe ente Gules charged with a cluster of three cones of the Clanwilliam cedar Or.
In layman's terms : a golden shield displaying two oranges on either side of a blue wavy vertical stripe bearing four narrow white wavy lines, at the bottom of the shield three golden Clanwilliam cedar cones on a red triangle.
The crest was a bunch of grapes between two elephant trunks, and the motto Fide labora.
See also
!Kora Wars
References
External links
Clanwilliam website
Clanwilliam Dam
Populated places in the Cederberg Local Municipality
Populated places established in 1806
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clanwilliam%2C%20South%20Africa
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Phenomics is the systematic study of traits that make up a phenotype. It was coined by UC Berkeley and LBNL scientist Steven A. Garan. As such, it is a transdisciplinary area of research that involves biology, data sciences, engineering and other fields. Phenomics is concerned with the measurement of the phenotype where a phenome is a set of traits (physical and biochemical traits) that can be produced by a given organism over the course of development and in response to genetic mutation and environmental influences. It is also important to remember that an organisms phenotype changes with time. The relationship between phenotype and genotype enables researchers to understand and study pleiotropy. Phenomics concepts are used in functional genomics, pharmaceutical research, metabolic engineering, agricultural research, and increasingly in phylogenetics.
Technical challenges involve improving, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the capacity to measure phenomes.
Applications
Plant sciences
In plant sciences, phenomics research occurs in both field and controlled environments. Field phenomics encompasses the measurement of phenotypes that occur in both cultivated and natural conditions, whereas controlled environment phenomics research involves the use of glass houses, growth chambers, and other systems where growth conditions can be manipulated. The University of Arizona's Field Scanner in Maricopa, Arizona is a platform developed to measure field phenotypes. Controlled environment systems include the Enviratron at Iowa State University, the Plant Cultivation Hall under construction at IPK, and platforms at the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and elsewhere.
Standards, methods, tools, and instrumentation
A Minimal Information About a Plant Phenotyping Experiment (MIAPPE) standard is available and in use among many researchers collecting and organizing plant phenomics data. A diverse set of computer vision methods exist to analyze 2D and 3D imaging data of plants. These methods are available to the community in various implementations, ranging from end-user ready cyber-platforms in the cloud such as DIRT and PlantIt to programming frameworks for software developers such as PlantCV. Many research groups are focused on developing systems using the Breeding API, a Standardized RESTful Web Service API Specification for communicating Plant Breeding Data.
The Australian Plant Phenomics Facility (APPF), an initiative of the Australian government, has developed a number of new instruments for comprehensive and fast measurements of phenotypes in both the lab and the field.
Research coordination and communities
The International Plant Phenotyping Network (IPPN) is an organization that seeks to enable exchange of knowledge, information, and expertise across many disciplines involved in plant phenomics by providing a network linking members, platform operators, users, research groups, developers, and policy makers. Regional partners include, the European Plant Phenotyping Network (EPPN), the North American Plant Phenotyping Network (NAPPN), and others.
The European research infrastructure for plant phenotyping, EMPHASIS, enables researchers to use facilities, services and resources for multi-scale plant phenotyping across Europe. EMPHASIS aims to promote future food security and agricultural business in a changing climate by enabling scientists to better understand plant performance and translate this knowledge into application.
See also
PhenomicDB, a database combining phenotypic and genetic data from several species
Phenotype microarray
Human Phenotype Ontology, a formal ontology of human phenotypes
References
Further reading
Branches of biology
Omics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomics
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Carneiro is a common Portuguese and Galician surname, meaning "sheep". It was very likely either a metonymic occupational name for a shepherd, or a habitational name derived from any of the several places called Carneiro in the North of Portugal.
Notable people with the surname include:
Alberto Carneiro, Portuguese artist
António Carneiro, Portuguese Expressionist painter, illustrator, poet and art professor
Antônio Ernesto Gomes Carneiro, Brazilian military officer who fought in the Paraguayan War
António de Mariz Carneiro, Portuguese nobleman who served as the official cosmographer to the Portuguese crown
Antonio dos Reis Carneiro, Brazilian basketball administrator
António Soares Carneiro, Portuguese military officer and politician
Carlos Carneiro, Portuguese footballer
Carlos Carneiro, Portuguese handballer
Enéas Carneiro, Brazilian physician and politician
Eva Carneiro, British sports medicine specialist
Flávio Carneiro, Brazilian writer
Francisco Sá Carneiro, Portuguese politician and former Prime Minister of Portugal
Higino Carneiro, Angolan military officer and politician
Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Brazilian politician, diplomat, judge and monarchist of the Empire of Brazil
Jessel Carneiro, Indian footballer
Joana Carneiro, Portuguese conductor
João Emanuel Carneiro. Brazilian screenwriter
Jorge García Carneiro, Venezuelan politician
José da Gama Carneiro e Sousa, Portuguese count who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Portugal
Juliana Carneiro da Cunha, Brazilian actress
Keirrison de Souza Carneiro, Brazilian footballer
Luís Carlos Pereira Carneiro, Portuguese footballer
Marcos Carneiro de Mendonça, Brazilian footballer
Mário de Sá-Carneiro, Portuguese poet and writer
Melchior Carneiro, Portuguese Jesuit missionary bishop
Newton Carneiro Affonso da Costa, Brazilian mathematician, logician, and philosopher
Paulo Henrique Carneiro Filho, Brazilian footballer
Pedro Carneiro, Portuguese musician
Roan Carneiro, Brazilian mixed martial artist
Robert L. Carneiro, American anthropologist and curator of the American Museum of Natural History
Tiago Carneiro, Portuguese footballer
Tiago Carneiro da Cunha, Brazilian artist
Portuguese-language surnames
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carneiro
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The Mermaid is a ballad, catalogued as Child Ballad #289, Roud 124. Dating to around the mid-18th century, this song is known by a number of names, including Waves on the Sea, The Stormy Winds and The Wrecked Ship.
The song belongs in the category of sea ballads, being a song sailors sung during their time off and not while they worked, but is more commonly thought of as a sea shanty. It is well known in American folk tradition, and the text has appeared in many forms in both print and oral mediums. The ballad remains part of American culture as a song sung at camps operated by the Boy Scouts of America as well as in public school music education classes.
Synopsis
The ballad describes a ship that left port, its misadventure and eventual sinking. The moral of the song is that mermaids are a sign of an impending shipwreck. It is sung from the point of view of a member of the ship's crew, although the ship sinks without any survivors. In most versions the ship is unnamed but in a version sung by Almeda Riddle, the mermaid disappears and the ship is identified as the Merrymac. Often the ship is said to be departing on a Friday morning, but there are other versions of the lyrics including one that has it leaving on a Saturday night. On the way out to sea, the captain sees a mermaid with a "comb and a glass in her hand".
Three parallel stanzas most often follow describing how three of the crew members, contemplating impending disaster, would rather be somewhere else than on the ocean floor; for example, the cook would rather be with his pots and pans. In English versions crew members often identify their home port and the people (parents, wives, children) who will mourn for them.
The home of the crew members varies from version to version, but it has been assigned to almost every port town in Britain and the East Coast of the United States. At the end of the ballad the ship turns around three times and sinks with all hands; there are no survivors.
Between each of the verses there oftentimes is a chorus describing the conditions sailors face in a storm and the state of the sea that was caused by the mermaid.
Legacy
The philologist and fantasy author J. R. R. Tolkien wrote a song in Old English, to be sung to the tune of The Mermaid.
See also
List of the Child Ballads
Notes
References and bibliography
External links
Lyrics: The Mermaid
Alternate Version of the Lyrics: The Mermaid
18th-century ballads
Child Ballads
Fictional mermen and mermaids
Year of song unknown
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mermaid%20%28ballad%29
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Haddington Rugby Football Club is a rugby union team based in Haddington, East Lothian.
History
Founded in 1911, the team plays its home games at Neilson Park.
Haddington player Jock Wemyss founded the Co-optimists; following a Barbarians inspired match in Haddington in 1924.
They compete in BT National League Division 3, the 3rd tier of Scottish club rugby.
Player development
The minis section was set up almost 50 years ago by Bill Hamilton.
The minis and the School of Rugby with Knox Academy are key to the ongoing success serving as nursery for players. Haddington currently have over 100 kids in each; and the club are delighted that they recently managed to play a couple of girls matches as they seek to develop a woman's team.
There is a tradition of families serving the Club, with many sets of brothers, fathers sons and grandsons turning out.
World record
On 12 August 2018, the club set a world record of 467 for the most participants in a touch/mini/tag game of rugby, ratified by Guinness World Records. In the game, players from age 5 to 73 turned out, including 18 from the Snodgrass Family, covering three generations a former president and two former captains.
Haddington Sevens
The club ran the Haddington Sevens tournament. Dating from 1926, the club claims it is the 10th oldest surviving in the world.
Notable players
Five of the club's players have represented Scotland at full international level: Jock Wemyss, RJC Ronnie Glasgow, Derek White, Grant McKelvey and Cammy Murray. Wemyss at 17 was one of the five founding members. The Internationalists were honoured in a lunch in 2017, with tributes paid amongst others by Finlay Calder, Dave Rollo, Craig Chalmers, Barry Stewart and, for Wemyss the President of the Barbarians Mickey Steele Bodger.
White toured with the 1989 Lions and Glasgow. He played for the World XV in 1964.
Honours
Men
Haddington Sevens
Champions (8): 1933, 1950, 1951, 1955, 1956, 1961, 1969, 1970
Scottish National League Division Two
Champions (1): 2006-07
Glasgow City Sevens
Champions (4): 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958
Peebles Sevens
Champions (2): 1977, 1982
Walkerburn Sevens
Champions (6): 1976, 1978, 1980, 2004, 2006, 2017, 2023
Musselburgh Sevens
Champions (8): 1971, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1982, 1983, 1986, 1991
Royal HSFP Sevens
Champions (1): 1985
Preston Lodge Sevens
Champions (1): 1987
Penicuik Sevens
Champions (2): 1969, 1985
Edinburgh District Sevens
Champions (1): 1951
North Berwick Sevens
Champions (4): 1970, 1971, 1977, 2014
Women
Lismore Sevens
Champions (1): 1995
References
Rugby union in East Lothian
Rugby union teams in Scotland
Haddington, East Lothian
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haddington%20RFC
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Hillhead Jordanhill Rugby Football Club (HJRFC) is a Scottish rugby union club based in Glasgow, Scotland. HJRFC has roots going as far back as 1904 with the formation of the Hillhead Sports Club, however, the rugby club as we know it today was founded in 1988 with a Women's section added in 1995, they have played at their current home ground, Hughenden in the West End of Glasgow since then. Despite their name, the club is not located in either Hillhead or Jordanhill, although the pre-merger clubs did have historical links with these areas. Hughenden is located in Hyndland beside Great Western Road.
Men's Rugby
Men's 1st XV play in Scottish National League Division Three
Men's 2nd XV play in West Reserve League Division 1
Men's 3rd XV play in West Reserve League Division 3 (North)
Women's Rugby
Women's 1st XV
1st XV Captains & Co-Captains
Men's 1st XV Captain: CONOR FERGUSON
Women's 1st XV Captain: Louise McMillan
History
The club was formed by the merger of Jordanhill Rugby Football Club (the rugby club of Jordanhill College) and Hillhead Rugby Football Club in 1988.
Jordanhill Rugby Football Club was founded as a club for the students and former students of Jordanhill College, Glasgow in 1921.
Hillhead Rugby Football Club has its roots in Hillhead Sports Club, founded in 1902 as a private club for former pupils of Hillhead High School, Glasgow, catering for various sports including football, cricket, hockey and athletics. A rugby team, Hillhead High School Former Pupils RFC (later Hillhead RFC), was formed in 1904. Initially the club used the Scotstoun Showgrounds before seeking to find a permanent home after the First World War, purchasing land at Hughenden in 1922. The club's new home, with its pavilion designed by W. Hunter McNab, was officially opened on 24 May 1924. Since then Hughenden has hosted a variety of sports including hockey, cricket and tennis, although it has been most closely associated with rugby. The first major sports tournament held at the club was the West of Scotland Tennis Championship in 1925. Due to the growing popularity of the rugby team, a grandstand was built alongside the pitch in 1934, designed by local consulting engineers FA MacDonald. The stand was built of reinforced concrete with a cantilevered roof, unusual for the time. It was first used in September 1934, for a match between Hillhead and Glasgow Academicals. In 1969, the clause restricting entry to the club to former students of Hillhead High School is removed to allow better recruitment and the club formerly becomes Hillhead RFC. The ground had an upgrade of their floodlights in 1977.
The culmination of season 2009–10 saw the club win the Scottish Premiership Division Three championship. The following season the club consolidated their position back in Scottish Premiership Division Two with a new coaching team made up of Grant Sweenie and Colin Dickson as joint head coaches. The 2nd XV under Gareth Morris and Stuart Torbet had a strong season ending with promotion to the top reserve league. Season 2011–12 saw a change to the coaching team with Grant Sweenie stepping down due to work commitments and another former Hills player, Derek Busby, taking over as head coach assisted by Colin Dickson. The 2nd XV also saw a change in coaching personnel with Gareth Morris stepping down due to work commitments with the new coaching team comprising club stalwarts Stuart Torbet and Murray Bell.
Hughenden
Hughenden is a multi-sports venue in the Hyndland area of Glasgow, Scotland. It has been the home since 1924 of Hillhead Sports Club, a private members' club catering for cricket, rugby union and tennis. Hughenden is the home ground of Hillhead Jordanhill RFC. It was used as the home ground of the professional Glasgow Warriors rugby team from 1996 to 2007. Prior to the demolition of the grandstand, the main rugby ground had a capacity of 6,000.
Hillhead Jordanhill Sevens
The club run the Hillhead Jordanhill Sevens tournament.
Club Honours
Women
2009-10: Sarah Beaney Cup
2012–13: BT Women's Premier League & Sarah Beaney Cup
2013–14: BT Women's Premier League
2016–17: Sarah Beaney Cup
2017–18: BT Women's Premier League & Sarah Beaney Cup
Mull Sevens
Champions: 2023
Men
2009–10: Scottish National League Division Three
Glasgow City Sevens
Champions (1): 1999
Bearsden Sevens
Champions: 1989, 1991
Ross Sutherland Sevens
Champions: 1993
Allan Glen's Sevens
Champions: 1989, 1990
Kilmarnock Sevens
Champions: 2006
Notable HJRFC Players & Coaches
Former coaches
Aaron Collins
Bill Dickinson, Scotland Rugby Union Coach, 1971–77
Richie Dixon, Scotland Rugby Union Coach 1995–98, Glasgow Warriors Head Coach 1999-2002
Hugh Campbell, Glasgow Warriors Head Coach 2003-06
Men's Internationalists
William Alexander Ross
Allan Cameron
W.C.W. Murdoch
Iain Ross
I.A.A. MacGregor
Dougie Hall
Gordon Simpson
Ron Glasgow
Ian McLauchlan
Gordon Strachan
Tonci Buzov
Nico Nyemba
Jason Adamson
Men's U20s Internationalists
Blair MacKenzie
Cameron McCulloch
Glasgow Warriors
Dougie Hall (1999-2002 and 2007–2013)
Alasdhair McFarlane
Gordon Simpson
Edinburgh Rugby
Dougie Hall (2007 - 2011)
Glasgow Men's District Players
R.C. Graham
I.E. Dawson
I. Wilkie
A.S. Nicolson
J.D. Niven
Allan Cameron
K.C. Gordon
I.A.A. MacGregor
T.E.S. Ferguson
J.A. Ferguson
G.M. Guthrie
David Jackson
J.H. Roxburgh
J. MacLauchlan
I. MacLauchlan
I. Cosgrove
Richie Dixon
C.S. Bisset
P. Gallacher
D.L. Turner
W.J. Laurie
J. Buchanan
A.D. Armstrong
Hugh Campbell
B.A. Rankin
J. Henderson
J. Douglas
Women's Internationalists
Susie Brown
Heather Lockhart
Jemma Forsyth
Louise McMillan
Abi Evans
Jade Konkel
Megan Gaffney
Lindsey Smith
Lana Skeldon
Siobhan McMillan
Hannah Smith
Sarah Smith
Mairi McDonald
Women's 7s Internationalists
Louise McMillan
Hannah Smith
Abi Evans
Megan Gaffney
Jade Konkel
Mairi McDonald
Kirsty McConnell (extended squad uncapped)
Women's U20s Internationalists
Siobhan McMillan
Abi Evans
Louise McMillan
Mairi McDonald
Kirsty Reid
References
External links
Official site
Rugby union teams in Scotland
Rugby union in Glasgow
Jordanhill
Sports clubs and teams in Glasgow
Hillhead
Rugby clubs established in 1988
1988 establishments in Scotland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillhead%20Jordanhill%20RFC
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The Elliott Avedon Museum and Archive of Games was a public board game museum housed at the University of Waterloo, in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It was established in 1971 as the Museum and Archive of Games, and renamed in 2000 in honour of its founder and first curator. It housed over 5,000 objects and documents related to games. It was administered by the Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, and was found within B.C. Matthews Hall, near the north end of the main campus.
The museum had both physical and virtual exhibits about a diversity of board games and related objects. The resources of the museum contributed to the university's program in Recreation and Leisure Studies.
The University closed the museum in 2009 and transferred the physical collection to the Canadian Museum of Civilization (now known as the Canadian Museum of History) however information about the collection, which includes over 5000 objects and a large number of archival documents about games, is still hosted on the University website. There are over 700 web pages of virtual exhibits which includes videos, photographs, diagrams, other graphics, and textual information about games.
See also
History of games
History of video games
References
External links
Elliott Avedon Museum & Archive of Games website
Obituary for Elliott Avedon
University museums in Canada
Virtual museums
Archives in Canada
Museums in Waterloo, Ontario
University of Waterloo
Amusement museums in Canada
Defunct museums in Canada
2009 disestablishments in Ontario
1971 establishments in Ontario
Museums established in 1971
Board game websites
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Particle agglomeration refers to the formation of assemblages in a suspension and represents a mechanism leading to the functional destabilization of colloidal systems. During this process, particles dispersed in the liquid phase stick to each other, and spontaneously form irregular particle assemblages, flocs, or agglomerates. This phenomenon is also referred to as coagulation or flocculation and such a suspension is also called unstable. Particle agglomeration can be induced by adding salts or other chemicals referred to as coagulant or flocculant.
Particle agglomeration can be a reversible or irreversible process. Particle agglomerates defined as "hard agglomerates" are more difficult to redisperse to the initial single particles. In the course of agglomeration, the agglomerates will grow in size, and as a consequence they may settle to the bottom of the container, which is referred to as sedimentation. Alternatively, a colloidal gel may form in concentrated suspensions which changes its rheological properties. The reverse process whereby particle agglomerates are re-dispersed as individual particles, referred to as peptization, hardly occurs spontaneously, but may occur under stirring or shear.
Colloidal particles may also remain dispersed in liquids for long periods of time (days to years). This phenomenon is referred to as colloidal stability and such a suspension is said to be functionally stable. Stable suspensions are often obtained at low salt concentrations or by addition of chemicals referred to as stabilizers or stabilizing agents. The stability of particles, colloidal or otherwise, is most commonly evaluated in terms of zeta potential. This parameter provides a readily quantifiable measure of interparticle repulsion, which is the key inhibitor of particle aggregation.
Similar agglomeration processes occur in other dispersed systems too. In emulsions, they may also be coupled to droplet coalescence, and not only lead to sedimentation but also to creaming. In aerosols, airborne particles may equally aggregate and form larger clusters (e.g., soot).
Early stages
A well dispersed colloidal suspension consists of individual, separated particles and is stabilized by repulsive inter-particle forces. When the repulsive forces weaken or become attractive through the addition of a coagulant, particles start to aggregate. Initially, particle doublets A2 will form from singlets A1 according to the scheme
In the early stage of the aggregation process, the suspension mainly contains individual particles. The rate of this phenomenon is characterized by the aggregation rate coefficient . Since doublet formation is a second order rate process, the units of this coefficients are m3s−1 since particle concentrations are expressed as particle number per unit volume (m−3). Since absolute aggregation rates are difficult to measure, one often refers to the dimensionless stability ratio , defined as where is the aggregation rate coefficient in the fast regime, and the coefficient at the conditions of interest. The stability ratio is close to unity in the fast regime, increases in the slow regime, and becomes very large when the suspension is stable.
Often, colloidal particles are suspended in water. In this case, they accumulate a surface charge and an electrical double layer forms around each particle. The overlap between the diffuse layers of two approaching particles results in a repulsive double layer interaction potential, which leads to particle stabilization. When salt is added to the suspension, the electrical double layer repulsion is screened, and van der Waals attraction become dominant and induce fast aggregation. The figure on the right shows the typical dependence of the stability ratio versus the electrolyte concentration, whereby the regimes of slow and fast aggregation are indicated.
The table below summarizes the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) ranges for different net charge of the counter ion.
The charge is expressed in units of elementary charge. This dependence reflects the Schulze–Hardy rule, which states that the CCC varies as the inverse sixth power of the counter ion charge. The CCC also depends on the type of ion somewhat, even if they carry the same charge. This dependence may reflect different particle properties or different ion affinities to the particle surface. Since particles are frequently negatively charged, multivalent metal cations thus represent highly effective coagulants.
Adsorption of oppositely charged species (e.g., protons, specifically adsorbing ions, surfactants, or polyelectrolytes) may destabilize a particle suspension by charge neutralization or stabilize it by buildup of charge, leading to a fast aggregation near the charge neutralization point, and slow aggregation away from it.
Quantitative interpretation of colloidal stability was first formulated within the DLVO theory. This theory confirms the existence slow and fast aggregation regimes, even though in the slow regime the dependence on the salt concentration is often predicted to be much stronger than observed experimentally. The Schulze–Hardy rule can be derived from DLVO theory as well.
Other mechanisms of colloid stabilization are equally possible, particularly, involving polymers. Adsorbed or grafted polymers may form a protective layer around the particles, induce steric repulsive forces, and lead to steric stabilization at it is the case with polycarboxylate ether (PCE), the last generation of chemically tailored superplasticizer specifically designed to increase the workability of concrete while reducing its water content to improve its properties and durability. When polymers chains adsorb to particles loosely, a polymer chain may bridge two particles, and induce bridging forces. This situation is referred to as bridging flocculation.
When particle aggregation is solely driven by diffusion, one refers to perikinetic aggregation. Aggregation can be enhanced through shear stress (e.g., stirring). The latter case is called orthokinetic aggregation.
Later stages
As the aggregation process continues, larger clusters form. The growth occurs mainly through encounters between different clusters, and therefore one refers to cluster-cluster aggregation process. The resulting clusters are irregular, but statistically self-similar. They are examples of mass fractals, whereby their mass M grows with their typical size characterized by the radius of gyration Rg as a power-law
where d is the mass fractal dimension. Depending whether the aggregation is fast or slow, one refers to diffusion limited cluster aggregation (DLCA) or reaction limited cluster aggregation (RLCA). The clusters have different characteristics in each regime. DLCA clusters are loose and ramified (d ≈ 1.8), while the RLCA clusters are more compact (d ≈ 2.1). The cluster size distribution is also different in these two regimes. DLCA clusters are relatively monodisperse, while the size distribution of RLCA clusters is very broad.
The larger the cluster size, the faster their settling velocity. Therefore, aggregating particles sediment and this mechanism provides a way for separating them from suspension. At higher particle concentrations, the growing clusters may interlink, and form a particle gel. Such a gel is an elastic solid body, but differs from ordinary solids by having a very low elastic modulus.
Homoaggregation versus heteroaggregation
When aggregation occurs in a suspension composed of similar monodisperse colloidal particles, the process is called homoaggregation (or homocoagulation). When aggregation occurs in a suspension composed of dissimilar colloidal particles, one refers to heteroaggregation (or heterocoagulation). The simplest heteroaggregation process occurs when two types of monodisperse colloidal particles are mixed. In the early stages, three types of doublets may form:
While the first two processes correspond to homoaggregation in pure suspensions containing particles A or B, the last reaction represents the actual heteroaggregation process. Each of these reactions is characterized by the respective aggregation coefficients , , and . For example, when particles A and B bear positive and negative charge, respectively, the homoaggregation rates may be slow, while the heteroaggregation rate is fast. In contrast to homoaggregation, the heteroaggregation rate accelerates with decreasing salt concentration. Clusters formed at later stages of such heteroaggregation processes are even more ramified that those obtained during DLCA (d ≈ 1.4).
An important special case of a heteroaggregation process is the deposition of particles on a substrate. Early stages of the process correspond to the attachment of individual particles to the substrate, which can be pictures as another, much larger particle. Later stages may reflect blocking of the substrate through repulsive interactions between the particles, while attractive interactions may lead to multilayer growth, and is also referred to as ripening. These phenomena are relevant in membrane or filter fouling.
Experimental techniques
Numerous experimental techniques have been developed to study particle
aggregation. Most frequently used are time-resolved optical techniques that are based on transmittance or scattering of light.
Light transmission. The variation of transmitted light through an aggregating suspension can be studied with a regular spectrophotometer in the visible region. As aggregation proceeds, the medium becomes more turbid, and its absorbance increases. The increase of the absorbance can be related to the aggregation rate constant k and the stability ratio can be estimated from such measurements. The advantage of this
technique is its simplicity.
Light scattering. These techniques are based on probing the scattered light from an aggregating suspension in a time-resolved fashion. Static light scattering yields the change in the scattering intensity, while dynamic light scattering the variation in the apparent hydrodynamic radius. At early-stages of aggregation, the variation of each of these quantities is directly proportional to the aggregation rate constant
k.
At later stages, one can obtain information on the clusters formed (e.g., fractal dimension). Light scattering works well for a wide range of particle sizes. Multiple scattering effects may have to be considered, since scattering becomes increasingly important for larger particles or larger aggregates. Such effects can be neglected in weakly turbid suspensions. Aggregation processes in strongly scattering systems have been studied with transmittance, backscattering techniques or diffusing-wave spectroscopy.
Single particle counting. This technique offers excellent resolution, whereby clusters made out of tenths of particles can be resolved individually. The aggregating suspension is forced through a narrow capillary particle counter and the size of each aggregate is being analyzed by light scattering. From the scattering intensity, one can deduce the size of each aggregate, and construct a detailed aggregate size distribution. If the suspensions contain high amounts of salt, one could equally use a Coulter counter. As time proceeds, the size distribution shifts towards larger aggregates, and from this variation aggregation and breakup rates involving different clusters can be deduced. The disadvantage of the technique is that the aggregates are forced through a narrow capillary under high shear, and the aggregates may disrupt under these conditions.
Indirect techniques. As many properties of colloidal suspensions depend on the state of aggregation of the suspended particles, various indirect techniques have been used to monitor particle aggregation too. While it can be difficult to obtain quantitative information on aggregation rates or cluster properties from such experiments, they can be most valuable for practical applications. Among these techniques settling tests are most relevant. When one inspects a series of test tubes with suspensions prepared at different concentration of the flocculant, stable suspensions often remain dispersed, while the unstable ones settle. Automated instruments based on light scattering/transmittance to monitor suspension settling have been developed, and they can be used to probe particle aggregation. One must realize, however, that these techniques may not always reflect the actual aggregation state of a suspension correctly. For example, larger primary particles may settle even in the absence of aggregation, or aggregates that have formed a colloidal gel will remain in suspension. Other indirect techniques capable to monitor the state of aggregation include, for example, filtration, rheology, absorption of ultrasonic waves, or dielectric properties.
Relevance
Particle aggregation is a widespread phenomenon, which spontaneously occurs in nature but is also widely explored in manufacturing. Some examples include.
Formation of river delta. When river water carrying suspended sediment particles reaches salty water, particle aggregation may be one of the factors responsible for river delta formation. Charged particles are stable in river's fresh water containing low levels of salt, but they become unstable in sea water containing high levels of salt. In the latter medium, the particles aggregate, the larger aggregates sediment, and thus create the river delta.
Papermaking. Retention aids are added to the pulp to accelerate paper formation. These aids are coagulating aids, which accelerate the aggregation between the cellulose fibers and filler particles. Frequently, cationic polyelectrolytes are being used for that purpose.
Water treatment. Treatment of municipal waste water normally includes a phase where fine solid particles are removed. This separation is achieved by addition of a flocculating or coagulating agent, which induce the aggregation of the suspended solids. The aggregates are normally separated by sedimentation, leading to sewage sludge. Commonly used flocculating agents in water treatment include multivalent metal ions (e.g., Fe3+ or Al3+), polyelectrolytes, or both.
Cheese making. The key step in cheese production is the separation of the milk into solid curds and liquid whey. This separation is achieved by inducing the aggregation processes between casein micelles by acidifying the milk or adding rennet. The acidification neutralizes the carboxylate groups on the micelles and induces the aggregation.
See also
Aerosol
Colloid
Clarifying agent
Double layer forces
DLVO theory (stability of colloids)
Electrical double layer
Emulsion
Flocculation
Gel
Nanoparticle
Particle deposition
Peptization
Reaction rate
Settling
Smoluchowski coagulation equation
Sol-gel
Surface charge
Suspension (chemistry)
References
External links
in Microgravity
Chemistry
Materials science
Colloidal chemistry
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The Palacio del Obispado, Spanish for Bishop's Palace, is located in Monterrey, Nuevo León state, Northeastern Mexico. It contains a museum.
The Palace was constructed on the slopes of a hill, later named Cerro del Obispado (Bishop Hill) after its principal building.
Architecture
The Bishop's Palace was built in the Spanish colonial Baroque style. The domed tower has a carved stone facade.
It is one of the city's oldest buildings, completed by the end of the 18th century.
See also
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Monterrey
External links
Buildings and structures in Monterrey
History museums in Mexico
Landmarks in Monterrey
National Monuments of Mexico
Tourist attractions in Monterrey
Baroque palaces in Mexico
Spanish Colonial architecture in Mexico
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Jed-Forest Rugby Football Club are a rugby union team who are based at Riverside Park in Jedburgh.
The team was founded in 1885 and currently play in Scottish Premiership and the Border League.
Jed-Forest Sevens
The club organises the Jed-Forest Sevens every year.
Honours
Scottish National League Division One
Champions (2): 1987–88, 2011–12
Runners-Up (1): 2017-18
Jed-Forest Sevens
Champions (14): 1899, 1900, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1922, 1975, 1992, 2001, 2007, 2013, 2015, 2016,2022
Langholm Sevens
Champions (10): 1919, 1920, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2011, 2022
Jedforest hold the record of most consecutive victories in the tournament (5): 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990
Melrose Sevens
Champions (4): 1899, 1902, 1904, 1974
Hawick Sevens
Champions (6): 1896, 1897, 1920, 1989, 1990, 2002
Gala Sevens
Champions (5): 1892, 1899, 1921, 2012, 2018
Kelso Sevens
Champions (7): 1921, 1993, 1994, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2022
Berwick Sevens
Champions (8): 2003, 2005, 2006, 2011, 2012, 2016, 2017, 2022
Peebles Sevens
Champions (2): 2000, 2020
Earlston Sevens
Champions (9): 1924, 1935, 1987, 1992, 1994, 2001, 2003, 2006, 2016
Selkirk Sevens
Champions (4): 1956, 1999, 2015, 2022
Kings of the Sevens
Champions (6): 2001, 2003, 2006, 2012, 2016, 2022
Hawick Linden Sevens
Champions (1): 2017
Kilmarnock Sevens
Champions (1): 1983
Border Park Tens
Champions (1) : 2023
Notable former players
Gary Armstrong
Gavin Kerr
Roy Laidlaw
Thomas "Tom" McKinney
Charles "Charlie" Renilson
David Rose
Jon Steel
George Douglas
Greig Laidlaw
[Iain Smith (the flying scotsman)]
See also
Jedburgh
Border League
Borders Sevens Circuit
References
External links
Rugby union teams in Scotland
Rugby union clubs in the Scottish Borders
Rugby clubs established in 1885
1885 establishments in Scotland
Jedburgh
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Tony Tompkins (born November 21, 1982) is a former Canadian Football League wide receiver and special teams player.
Standing at only 5'8", Tompkins is just one of many diminutive kick return specialists to have found success in the CFL. After attending Stephen F. Austin University, Tompkins signed with the Edmonton Eskimos as the replacement for former kick returner Winston October. As a rookie in 2005, Tompkins participated in the 93rd Grey Cup in Vancouver, where he set a record for the longest kickoff return in a Grey Cup game by taking the ball 96 yards for a key touchdown, helping the Eskimos take victory.
After the Grey Cup, Tompkins believed that he was entering his option year, and as such that he would have a chance to try and sign with a National Football League team. Tompkins, who did not have an agent when he signed his first contract, in fact signed a two-year contract with a club option, thus requiring him to report to the Eskimos for one more season than he expected. Tompkins's agent Alex Balic attempted to persuade the Eskimos to release Tompkins but they refused. Tompkins and Balic briefly considered legal action, but in the end Tompkins agreed to return to the Eskimos for the 2006 CFL season. Tompkins made $40,000 CAD with the Eskimos in 2006, well below the NFL league minimum and returned 75 punts for 501 yards, 57 kickoffs for 1,145 yards, and ten missed field goal returns for 209 yards, finishing with the Eskimos’ most all-purpose yards with 1,855. In the 2007 CFL season, Tompkins led the Eskimos in punt return yardage, kickoff returns, and missed field goal return yards and finished the year second on the team in all-purpose yards.
In February 2008, Tompkins signed as a free-agent with the Alouettes. He was released by the Alouettes in June 2008.
References
1982 births
Living people
Canadian football return specialists
Canadian football wide receivers
Edmonton Elks players
Montreal Alouettes players
Players of American football from Port Arthur, Texas
Players of Canadian football from Texas
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Squirrel Bait was an American punk rock band from Louisville, Kentucky active from 1983 to 1987. Squirrel Bait's dense, moody, melodic hardcore sound, featuring pronounced tempo shifts, foreshadowed the grunge sound of the late 1980s as well as math rock. Squirrel Bait, along with Hüsker Dü, are often noted as precursors to the emocore ("emotional hardcore") sound that arose from the D.C. hardcore punk scene with bands like Rites of Spring, Beefeater and Fugazi.
Squirrel Bait signaled the second coming of American punk – bands of little brothers and sisters who got to grow up on Black Flag and Hüsker Dü without a preparatory course in Supertramp. ... Like a hundred other little Düs across the country, Squirrel Bait managed to make a couple of records before spintering off to form five more bands. Unlike most of that punk rock loam, the members of Squirrel Bait chewed up their legacy and shat out something curious and consequential.
History
Origins: 1983–1986
The band started as a hardcore punk trio of high school friends, originally known as Squirrelbait Youth, with David Grubbs on guitar and vocals, Clark Johnson on bass guitar, and Rich Schuler playing drums for the band's first demo tape in August 1983. By the time Squirrel Bait recorded their second demo in 1984, Peter Searcy had taken over vocal duties and Britt Walford was playing drums. Three of this demo's songs would later appear on the band's vinyl releases.
Walford left and was replaced by Ben Daughtrey on drums and Brian McMahan joined on second guitar. The band continued to play locally and toured to nearby cities where they opened for Hüsker Dü and Chicago-based bands Naked Raygun and Big Black, who recommended Squirrel Bait to their label, Homestead Records. Through Homestead, Squirrel Bait released an eponymous EP in 1985, a single in 1986 and an LP in 1987, all of which were later compiled onto a single CD.
Breakup: 1987
In the midst of the young band's success, Grubbs and Johnson had moved away to college, and artistic tensions were causing a "jocks-vs.-nerds" split in the band. These differences ultimately resulted in the band's break-up in 1987.
Post–breakup careers
Grubbs was subsequently a member of Bitch Magnet, Bastro, Gastr del Sol and The Red Krayola and has released a number of solo projects. Daughtrey played with The Lemonheads and then with Love Jones. McMahan reunited with original Squirrel Bait drummer Britt Walford to form Slint, and Both also appeared on the first single by King Kong. McMahan also formed The For Carnation and played with Palace Music. Walford would later play in Evergreen and The Breeders (as Shannon Doughton). Johnson played in Bastro with Grubbs but then chose not to make a career in music, opting instead for a career as an attorney in Louisville. Searcy played with Big Wheel and Starbilly before embarking on a solo career.
In 1997, Grubbs reissued Squirrel Bait's vinyl releases on Dexter's Cigar, an imprint of the Drag City label. The band's demo and live recordings have resurfaced on the internet.
Discography
Studio albums
Skag Heaven (1987) – Homestead Records
Demos
First demo (1983, self-released cassette)
Second demo (1984, self-released cassette)
EPs
Squirrel Bait (1985) – Homestead Records
Singles
Kid Dynamite 7" (1986) – Homestead
Motorola Cloudburst 7" (1987) – The Pope Fanzine
References
External links
Squirrel Bait on Myspace
[ Allmusic.com review of "Sun God" track from the first EP]
Musical groups from Louisville, Kentucky
Musical groups established in 1983
Musical groups disestablished in 1988
Alternative rock groups from Kentucky
Indie rock musical groups from Kentucky
American post-hardcore musical groups
American punk rock groups
Homestead Records artists
Drag City (record label) artists
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Kelso Rugby Football Club are a Scottish rugby union team founded in 1876. They play their home games at Poynder Park, Kelso in the Scottish Borders.
The men's team currently play in and the Border League (the oldest established rugby union league in the world); the women's team play in .
History
Kelso RFC won the prestigious Melrose Sevens tournament seven times in the space of 12 years from 1978 to 1989. Kelso were also winners of the Scottish Premiership in 1988 and 1989.
The most recent successes for the club in the 15-a-side game were consecutive Premier League championships in the 1987–88 and 1988–89 seasons. Notably, however, the team also reached the final of the Scottish Cup, played at Murrayfield, in both 1998 and 1999, losing to Glasgow Hawks (36–14) and to local rivals Gala RFC (8–3), respectively.
Adam Roxburgh took over as a head coach at Kelso from 2015. The captain for 2016–17 season was Dom Buckley.
After dropping down to the third tier in 2016, the team secured immediate promotion back to Scottish National League Division One for the following season with a second-place finish. The history is not without controversy.
Kelso Sevens
Kelso RFC hosts their rugby sevens tournament, the Kelso Sevens. It takes place annually in May (until recently Kelso along with Selkirk RFC held their 7s competition in August) and the competition is part of the Kings of the Sevens tournament. The most recent winners of the trophy (2018) are Melrose RFC.
Honours
Scottish Premiership
Champions (2): 1987–88, 1988–89
Scottish Cup
Runners-Up: (2) 1997–98, 1998–99
Kelso Sevens
Champions (18): 1926, 1927, 1928, 1930, 1936, 1948, 1973, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1995, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2008
Melrose Sevens
Champions (7): 1978, 1980, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989
Langholm Sevens
Champions (8): 1930, 1931, 1934, 1974, 1981, 1997, 1998, 2010
Hawick Sevens
Champions (6): 1928, 1960, 1973, 1981, 1985, 1997
Gala Sevens
Champions (9): 1925, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1948, 1974, 1983, 1985, 2001, 2023
Berwick Sevens
Champions (4): 1983, 1984, 1985, 2008
Jed-Forest Sevens
Champions (14): 1913, 1914, 1926, 1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998
Earlston Sevens
Champions (13): 1934, 1936, 1937, 1947, 1955, 1958, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1981, 1984, 1997, 1998
Selkirk Sevens
Champions (14): 1928, 1929, 1934, 1936, 1948, 1955, 1973, 1974, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1983, 1984, 1997
Kings of the Sevens
Champions (3): 1996, 1997, 1998
Kilmarnock Sevens
Champions (1): 1980
Notable players
Gary Callander
Gordon Cottington
George Fairbairn, who later went to rugby league.
Ross Ford
John Jeffrey
Andrew Ker
Scott Newlands
Alan Tait, who crossed over to rugby league, and came back again.
George 'Happy' Wilson, who later went to rugby league.
Iain Fairley
Adam Roxburgh
Roger Baird
Ken Smith
Oliver Turnbull
Bob Grieve
Laurie Gloag
References
External links
Rugby clubs established in 1876
Rugby union teams in Scotland
Rugby union clubs in the Scottish Borders
Kelso, Scottish Borders
1876 establishments in Scotland
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Charles Wayland Brooks (March 8, 1897 – January 14, 1957) was a Republican U.S. Senator from Illinois from 1940 to 1949.
Early life
Born in West Bureau, Illinois, Brooks served in the Marines during World War I as a first lieutenant from 1917 to 1919. While in combat he was wounded several times.
Political career
Brooks ran for Governor of Illinois in 1936 but was defeated by incumbent Democrat Henry Horner. He was elected by a very narrow margin in 1940 to fill the senate vacancy caused by the death of J. Hamilton Lewis. Brooks was reelected in 1942, but was defeated in 1948 by Democrat Paul Douglas.
Visit to Buchenwald Concentration Camp
On 11 April 1945, United States forces liberated the Buchenwald Concentration Camp which was established in 1937 and caused the death of at least 56,545 people. General Eisenhower left rotting corpses unburied so a visiting group of US legislators could truly understand the horror of the atrocities. This group was visiting Buchenwald to inspect the camp and learn firsthand about the enormity of the Nazi Final Solution and treatment of other prisoners.
The legislators who visited included Alben W. Barkley, Ed Izac, John M. Vorys, Dewey Short, C. Wayland Brooks, and Kenneth S. Wherry along with General Omar N. Bradley and journalists Joseph Pulitzer, Norman Chandler, William I. Nichols and Julius Ochs Adler.
Death
Brooks returned to Chicago and died at age 59 at Passavant Hospital in early 1957, after a massive heart attack.
Family
Brooks married Gertrude Ackerly in August 1920 and they had a son, Russell (b. 1924). She divorced him in April 1943 in Reno, Nevada, citing cruelty. He married Mary Elizabeth Thomas Peavey, a widow and daughter of U.S. Senate colleague John Thomas of Idaho. They wed in May 1946, and remained married to his death. Mary Brooks later became a member of the Idaho Senate. and for eight years was Director of the United States Mint during the Nixon and Ford administrations. Her son, John Peavey (b. 1933), is a former Democratic politician in Idaho, formerly a Republican.
References
External links
Political Graveyard.com – Charles W. Brooks
1897 births
1957 deaths
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War I
People from Bureau County, Illinois
Old Right (United States)
Republican Party United States senators from Illinois
Illinois Republicans
20th-century American politicians
United States Marine Corps officers
Military personnel from Illinois
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20Wayland%20Brooks
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Murrayfield Wanderers Football Club is a rugby union side based in Edinburgh, Scotland, founded by the merger of Edinburgh Wanderers and Murrayfield RFC in 1997.
Beginnings
The club's roots were based on two clubs; Edinburgh Wanderers and Murrayfield RFC. Edinburgh Wanderers was the elder of the two clubs.
For the history of these clubs see:
Edinburgh Wanderers FC dated from 1868. Murrayfield RFC dates from 1971. A merger was proposed, and to facilitate this the Wanderers renamed in 1997, to allow the Murrayfield club to join in a merger.
As part of the merger there was notable restructuring. The Scotman newspaper reporting: "after Murrayfield RFC and Edinburgh Wanderers FC merged in 1997, the old clubhouse on Corstorphine Road was sold and the £300,000 proceeds invested in the new pavilion next to the main stadium. Public sports grants of £125,000 and £165,000 were made on the basis of a wider public benefit."
Both clubs brought together a long history of rugby excellence which can trace its roots back to 1868 when the Edinburgh Wanderers Football Club was formed. Murrayfield RFC itself was borne of a prior merger when Kenmore RFC, Bruntsfield RFC and County Rovers RFC merged to form that club. Kenmore RFC dated from 1916, Bruntsfield even earlier, a 2nd XV extant in 1907, County Rovers extant after the Second World War.
The club celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2018, on the basis of Edinburgh Wanderers history, the earliest of its merged component sides.
The team currently compete in and play their matches in Roseburn Park, Edinburgh.
Current Form
Murrayfield Wanderers finished in 10th place at the end of season 2010–11 but had a much more successful 2012–13, finishing in 4th place. The club currently have three men's teams playing on Saturday, a social team (Pirates).
They won promotion to National League 3 in the 2016/17 season and won the BT Edinburgh Shield, beating Linlithgow 66–10. They competed for the BT Men's Shield Final against Carrick on 22 April, losing 48–21. They also boasted one of the most successful women's team in Scotland, now defunct.
Honours
Scottish Rugby Shield
Winners (1): 2004-05
Runners-Up (1): 2016-17
References
Goodwin, Terry Complete Who's Who of International Rugby (Cassell, 1987, )
Jones, J.R. Encyclopedia of Rugby Union Football (Robert Hale, London, 1976 )
Massie, Allan A Portrait of Scottish Rugby (Polygon, Edinburgh; )
External links
Official website
Rugby union teams in Scotland
Rugby union in Edinburgh
Sports clubs and teams in Edinburgh
1997 establishments in Scotland
Rugby clubs established in 1997
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murrayfield%20Wanderers%20FC
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Bruce Maccabee (born May 6, 1942) is an American optical physicist formerly employed by the U.S. Navy, and a ufologist.
Biography
Maccabee received a B.S. in physics at Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Worcester, Mass., and then at American University, Washington, DC, (M.S. and Ph.D. in physics). In 1972 he began his career at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White Oak, Silver Spring, Maryland; which later became the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. Maccabee retired from government service in 2008. He has worked on optical data processing, generation of underwater sound with lasers and various aspects of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) and Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) using high power lasers.
Ufology
Maccabee has been interested in UFOs since the late 1960s when he joined the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) and was active in research and investigation for NICAP until its demise in 1980. He became a member of the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON) in 1975 and was subsequently appointed to the position of state director for Maryland, a position he still holds. In 1979 he was instrumental in establishing the Fund for UFO Research (FUFOR) and was the chairman for about 13 years. He presently serves on the National Board of the Fund.
His UFO research and investigations (which, he often stresses, are completely unrelated to his Navy work) have included the Kenneth Arnold sighting (June 24, 1947), the McMinnville, Oregon (Trent) photos of 1950, the Gemini 11 astronaut photos of September, 1966, the Tehran UFO incident of September 1976, the New Zealand sightings of December 1978, the Japan Airlines (JAL1628) sighting of November 1986, the numerous sightings of Gulf Breeze UFO incident, 1987–1988, the "red bubba" sightings, 1990-1992 (including his own sighting in September, 1991), the Mexico City video of August, 1997 (which he deemed a hoax), the Phoenix lights sightings of March 13, 1997, 2004 Mexican UFO incident and many others.
He has also done historical research and was the first to obtain the secret "flying disc file" of the FBI (what he calls "the REAL X-Files"). In addition, he has collected documents from the CIA, the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Army, and other government agencies.
Maccabee is the author or coauthor of about three dozen technical articles and more than a hundred trade articles about UFOs over the last 30 years, including many which appeared in the MUFON UFO Journal and MUFON Symposium proceedings. Among his papers was a reanalysis of the statistics and results of the famed Battelle Memorial Institute Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14, a massive analysis of 3200 Air Force cases through the mid-1950s. (See Identified Flying Objects (IFOs)). Another was a reanalysis of the results of the Condon Committee UFO study from 1969. (Like many others, Maccabee concluded that Edward Condon lied about the results.)
In addition, he has also written or contributed to half a dozen books on the subject of UFOs and appeared on numerous radio and TV shows and documentaries (some given below) as an authority on the subject.
Maccabee is also a pianist who performed at the 1997 and 1999 MUFON symposia. He lives in Allen County, Ohio and married to Jan Maccabee.
References
External links
Bruce Maccabee - Homepage
Bruce Maccabee - Homepage - Biography
1942 births
Living people
21st-century American physicists
American UFO writers
Ufologists
American University alumni
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Maccabee
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A temple of Confucius or Confucian temple is a temple for the veneration of Confucius and the sages and philosophers of Confucianism in Chinese folk religion and other East Asian religions. They were formerly the site of the administration of the imperial examination in China, Korea, Japan and Vietnam and often housed schools and other studying facilities.
There is a 72-meter-tall statue of Confucius made of brass and reinforced with steel. The giant statue is located in Qufu, Shandong province, birthplace of the ancient Chinese educator and philosopher.
Names
The temples are known by a variety of names throughout East Asia. The two greatest temples in Qufu and Beijing are now known in Chinese as (Kǒngmiào, 孔廟). In some localities, they are known as (文廟) ; ) or (). In Southern China, however, temples by that name generally honor Wenchang Wang, a separate deity associated with the scholar Zhang Yazi. In Japan, they are usually known as "Temples" or or seidō, respectively).
History
The development of state temples devoted to the cult of Confucius was an outcome of his gradual canonisation. In 195 BC, Han Gao Zu, founder of the Han dynasty (r. 206–195 BC), offered a sacrifice to the spirit of Confucius at his tomb in Qufu. Sacrifices to the spirit of Confucius and that of Yan Hui, his most prominent disciple, began in the Imperial University (Biyong) as early as 241.
In 454, the Liu Song dynasty of southern China built a prominent state Confucian temple. In 489, the Northern Wei constructed a Confucian temple in the capital, the first outside of Qufu in the north. In 630, the Tang dynasty decreed that schools in all provinces and counties should have a Confucian temple, as a result of which temples spread throughout China. Well-known Confucian shrines include the Confucian Temple in Jianshui, the Confucian Temple in Xi'an (now the Forest of Steles), the Fuzi Miao in Nanjing, and the Confucian Temple in Beijing, first built in 1302. The Confucian Temple of old Tianjin is located on Dongmennei Dajie, a short distance west of Traditional Culture Street (Gu Wenhua Jie). Occupying 32 acres of land, the Confucian Temple is the largest extant traditional architectural complex in Tianjin.
The largest and oldest Temple of Confucius is found in Confucius' hometown, present-day Qufu in Shandong Province. It was established in 479 BC, one year after Confucius's death, at the order of the Duke Ai of the State of Lu, who commanded that the Confucian residence should be used to worship and offer sacrifice to Confucius. The temple was expanded repeatedly over a period of more than 2,000 years until it became the huge complex currently standing. There is another temple in Quzhou.
In addition to Confucian temples associated with the state cult of Confucius, there were also ancestral temples belonging to the Kong lineage, buildings commemorating Confucius's deeds throughout China, and private temples within academies.
Structure
Beginning in the Tang dynasty (618–907), Confucian temples were built in prefectural and county schools throughout the empire, either to the front of or on one side of the school. The front gate of the temple is called the Lingxing Gate (). Inside there are normally three courtyards, although sometimes there are only two. However, the complex in Qufu has nine courtyards containing scores of steles commemorating visits by an emperor or imperial grants of noble titles upon descendants of Confucius. The main building, situated in the inner courtyard with entry via the Dachengmen (), is called the Dachengdian (), variously translated as "Hall of Great Achievement", "Hall of Great Completion", or "Hall of Great Perfection". In imperial China, this hall housed the Spirit Tablets () of Confucius and those of other important sages () and worthies (). In front of the Dachengdian in Qufu is the Apricot Pavilion or Xingtan (). Another important building behind the main building is the Shrine of Adoring the Sage (Chongshengci ), which honoured the ancestors of Confucius and the fathers of the Four Correlates and Twelve Philosophers.
Unlike Taoist or Buddhist temples, Confucian temples do not normally have images. In the early years of the temple in Qufu, it appears that the spirits of Confucius and his disciples were represented with wall paintings and clay or wooden statues. Official temples also contained images of Confucius himself. However, there was opposition to this practice, which was seen as imitative of Buddhist temples. It was also argued that the point of the imperial temples was to honour Confucius's teachings, not the man himself.
The lack of unity in likenesses in statues of Confucius first led Emperor Taizu of the Ming dynasty to decree that all new Confucian temples should contain only spirit tablets and no images. In 1530, it was decided that all existing images of Confucius should be replaced with spirit tablets in imperial temples in the capital and other bureaucratic locations; nevertheless many modern Confucian temples do feature statues. Statues also remained in temples operated by Confucius's family descendants, such as that in Qufu.
Worship
The worship of Confucius centred upon offering sacrifices to Confucius's spirit in the Confucian temple.
A dance known as the Eight-Row Dance (八佾舞), consisting of eight columns of eight dancers each, was also performed. Originally this was a Six-Row Dance, as performed for the lesser aristocracy, but in 1477 Confucius was allowed the imperial honour of the eight-row dance since he posthumously received the title of king. Musicians who accompanied this dance played a form of music termed yayue.
In addition to worshipping Confucius, Confucian temples also honour the "Four Correlates", the "Twelve Philosophers", and other disciples and Confucian scholars through history. The composition and number of figures worshipped changed and grew through time. Since temples were a statement of Confucian orthodoxy, the issue of which Confucians to enshrine was a controversial one.
By the Republican period (20th century), there were a total of 162 figures worshipped. The Four Correlates are Yan Hui, Zeng Shen, Kong Ji (Zisi), and Mencius. The Twelve Philosophers are Min Sun (Ziqian), Ran Geng (Boniu), Ran Yong (Zhonggong), Zai Yu (Ziwo), Zi-gong, Ran You, Zi-Lu, Zi-You, Zi-Xia, Zi-Zhang, You Ruo, and Zhu Xi. A list of disciples of Confucius and their place in the Confucian temple can be found at Disciples of Confucius.
Outside mainland China
With the spread of Confucian learning throughout East Asia, Confucian temples were also built in Vietnam, Korea, and Japan. Starting in the 18th century, some were even built in Europe and the Americas. At their height, there are estimated to have been over 3,000 Confucian temples in existence.
Hong Kong
The bill allowing for the building of the very first Confucian temple in Hong Kong, proposed by the Confucian Academy, passed in September 2013. The location of the temple was decided to be near the famous Taoist temple, Wong Tai Sin Temple, in Wong Tai Sin District.
Taiwan
The first Confucian temple in Taiwan to be constructed was the Taiwan Confucian Temple, which was built during the period of the Tungning Kingdom in 1665 in Tainan. A more recent temple, the Taipei Confucius Temple, was built on Wenwu Street in Taipei in 1879, torn down by Japanese in 1907 to make place for the Taipei First Girls' High School, and re-erected on Dalong Street from 1925 to 1939. The new temple was designed by Wang Yi-Shun, who also oversaw its construction. The design is an example of typical Fujian temple style. Every year on September 28, the birthday of Confucius, city authorities hold the Shidian () Ceremony here. In addition, there is a Confucian temple located in Zuoying District of Kaohsiung that was completed in 1974 in the Northern Song architectural style. Other Confucian temples are found in Chiayi City, Taipei, Taichung and Changhua County.
Vietnam
A Confucian temple in Vietnam is called Văn Miếu. The earliest recorded Văn Miếu in Vietnam is the Văn Miếu, Hanoi, established in 1070 during the Lý dynasty. After 1397, with the construction of schools throughout Vietnam under the Tran, Confucian temples began to spread throughout the country. Another renowned Vietnamese Confucian temple is the Văn Miếu, Hưng Yên, located in Hưng Yên City. Well-known Confucian temples were built in Huế, Tam Kỳ, Hội An, Hưng Yên, Hải Dương, Biên Hòa, Vĩnh Long and Bắc Ninh.
Korea
Outside China, the largest number of Confucian temples is found in Korea. Temples as part of schools were first built during the Goryeo period (918–1392). From the time of Yi Seonggye (r. 1392–1398), Confucianism underpinned the new dynasty and its government. Thus government Confucian schools (Hanggyo 항교) were built throughout Joseon to educate government officials. These consisted of a building for teaching, together with a building (Daesongjeon 대성전) which housed the memorial tablets of Confucius. Although Chinese models were followed, variations in layout and construction were common, such as the building of schools in front of temples. Korea also added its own scholars (the eighteen scholars of the East) to the Confucian pantheon (the five sages).
Historically, Korea had a total of 362 temples devoted to Confucianism. After World War II and the division of the country, those in the North were converted to use as a center of traditional culture (see Gukjagam). However, some of the 232 temples in the South continued their activities (see Munmyo). In addition to temples devoted to Confucianism the Republic of Korea also has twelve Confucian family temples, two temples in private schools, and three libraries.
Japan
were also widely built in Japan, often in conjunction with Confucian schools. The most famous is the Yushima Seidō, built in 1630 during the Edo period as a private school connected with the Neo-Confucianist scholar Hayashi Razan. Originally built in Shinobi-ga-oka in Ueno, it was moved at the end of the 18th century near present-day Ochanomizu by the Tokugawa Shogunate, and a major state-sponsored school, Shoheikō, was opened on tis grounds.
Other well-known Confucian temples are found in Nagasaki, Bizen, Okayama prefecture; Taku, Saga prefecture; and Naha, Okinawa prefecture.
Indonesia
Confucian temples are also found in Indonesia, where they are often known as "Churches of Confucius" as Confucianism is a recognised religion in that country. In Chinese, these establishments are known as litang () or "halls of worship". The largest and oldest is the Boen Bio in Surabaya, originally built in the city's Chinatown in 1883 and moved to a new site in 1907. There are reportedly more than 100 Confucianist halls of worship throughout Indonesia.
Malaysia
The first Confucian temple in Malaysia was built within a primary school known as Chung Hwa Confucian School (which has since split into SJK(C) Chung Hwa Confucian A, B and SMJK Chung Hwa Confucian) in Penang, in the early 20th century. The building of the school was initiated by the Qing dynasty ambassador to the British Straits Settlement at that time. In those days parents in Penang brought their children to this temple for prayer before they began their schooling. The children prayed for excellence in their studies.
There are also two Confucian schools in Kuala Lumpur, namely SMJK Confucian and Confucian Private School, and a Confucian school in Malacca where ceremonies in honour of Confucius are held annually.
List of temples
Temple of Confucius in Qufu, China (Confucius's home town)
Temple of Confucius in Beijing, China
Temple of the Master in Nanjing, China
Temple of Confucius in Shanghai, China
Temple of Confucius in Suzhou, China
Temple of Confucius in Jianshui, Yunnan, China (建水文庙)
Temple of Confucius in Daixian, Shanxi, China
Temple of Confucius in Taipei, Taiwan
Temple of Confucius in Taoyuan, Taiwan
Temple of Confucius in Taichung, Taiwan
Temple of Confucius in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Temple of Confucius in Tainan, Taiwan ("Taiwan Confucian Temple")
Temple of Confucius in Changhua, Taiwan
Temple of Confucius in Chiayi, Taiwan
Temple of Confucius in Nagasaki, Japan
Shiseibyō, the Temple of Confucius in Naha, Okinawa, Japan
Seibyō, the Temple of Confucius in Taku, Japan
Yushima Seidō, the Temple of Confucius in Tokyo, Japan
Munmyo, the Temple of Confucius in Seoul, South Korea
Văn Miếu in Hanoi, Vietnam
Văn Miếu in Hưng Yên, Vietnam
Văn Miếu in Hải Dương, Vietnam
Văn Miếu in Bắc Ninh, Vietnam
Văn Miếu in Nghệ An, Vietnam
Văn Miếu in Khánh Hòa, Vietnam
Văn Miếu in Đồng Nai, Vietnam
Văn Miếu in Vĩnh Long, Vietnam
Boen Bio in Surabaya, Indonesia
See also
Confucian churches
Mansion and Cemetery of Confucius
Wenchang Dijun (文昌帝君)
Supreme Council for the Confucian Religion in Indonesia
Taoist temples
Buddhist temples
References
External links
Images of the Temple of Culture, with detailed history of Confucian temples
Full Virtual Walk & Info on Confucius Temple, Beijing
Asian Historical Architecture: Fuzimiao in Nanjing
Asian Historical Architecture: Confucian temple in Suzhou
The Confucian temple in Tainan
Surabaya, with description of Boen Bio
The Taipei Confucius Temple
Confucius, Temple of
5th-century BC establishments
Confucian buildings
Confucian education
Confucius, Temple of
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Stellar Kart was an American pop punk band from Phoenix, Arizona, signed to Inpop Records and Capitol Records. The band released their first album, All Gas. No Brake, in February 2005. Most of their singles have been accepted exclusively on Christian radio stations such as Air 1. Their song "Me and Jesus" from their 2006 album We Can't Stand Sitting Down hit No. 1 for seven weeks on the Hot Christian Songs chart and won the 2007 Dove Award for "Rock/Contemporary Recorded Song". Their song "Something Holy" from their 2010 album Everything Is Different Now, an album which adopts a more "worshipful" flavor charted at No. 23 on Billboard Magazine for eighteen weeks. Their latest full-length album, All In, was released on August 27, 2013.
The band released an EP of covers of songs from the 2013 film Frozen, on April 15, 2014. They disbanded in 2013. Former lead vocalist Adam Agee became the lead vocalist of Audio Adrenaline after they broke up.
History
The Phoenix-based band started in a youth group. Adam Agee and Jordan Messer led worship, with former bass player Tay Sitera joining them on weekends. Cody Pellerin joined them prior to being signed and Brian Calcara replaced Sitera after their debut release. In 2009, Pellerin left the band to spend more time with his wife, and in 2010 joined the band Our Hearts Hero as lead guitarist. Jon Howard (formerly of Dizmas) stepped in on lead guitar for Stellar Kart. After Jon Howard left the band to become a touring guitarist for Paramore, former Thousand Foot Krutch touring guitarist Nick Baumhardt (husband of Superchick lead singer Tricia Baumhardt) has joined the band. Stellar Kart derived their band name from working with kids on youth camps. Their name is often abbreviated SK, as seen in the band's music videos to "Activate" and "Life is Good". The band has been interviewed on various television shows, including TMW and The Zone (on the Christian IPTV service Sky Angel). Stellar Kart has also appeared on a season finale of the Logan Show.
The band's third album, Expect the Impossible, was released on February 26, 2008. Their album, titled Everything Is Different Now, was initially made available during November 2009 at concerts/online only—its official release in stores was March 9, 2010.
Stellar Kart has been an opening act for bands such as Kutless on the Strong Tower Tour and Newsboys on the Go Tour. The band's first headlining tour began on December 1, 2006, and was called the Punk The Halls Tour. Support for this Christmas tour came from Run Kid Run, Eleventyseven, and Esterlyn; it went so well that they decided to do the Punk the Halls Tour every year. Stellar Kart performed on the main stage at Onefest and the main stage of Creation 2007. Stellar Kart recently played on a Lifelight circuit concert in Sioux Falls, South Dakota with the bands The Switch and Remedy Drive. On June 9, 2007, Stellar Kart played its first international concert at the E.O. Youth Day in the Netherlands in front of an audience of 35,000. In the beginning of 2008 the band began the Expect the Impossible Tour; this was their first headlining tour that wasn't for the holidays. They performed on the Fringe Stage at Creation 2008 and 2009. In 2009 they played at Rock the light in Kansas City, Missouri.
In 2005, Stellar Kart released their debut album All Gas. No Brake. Singles include "Finish Last", "Life Is Good", "Livin' on a Prayer" (Bon Jovi cover), and "Spending Time."
In July 2006, Stellar Kart released their second studio album We Can't Stand Sitting Down. Singles include "Me and Jesus", "Activate", and "Hold On". "Me and Jesus" charted at No. 18 on US Christian charts for three weeks .
Their album Expect the Impossible was released in February 2008. Singles include "Jesus Loves You", "Shine Like The Stars", "Innocent", and "I Give Up". "Jesus Loves You" charted at No. 24 for four weeks . Their single "We Shine" was released in 2009, and charted at No. 46. Their first compilation album, Life Is Good: The Best of Stellar Kart was released in February 2009, which includes remixes of previous songs.
On March 9, 2010, their album Everything Is Different Now was released. The single "Something Holy" was released on the same date, and charted at No. 23 for three weeks. Lead vocalist Adam Agee explained that rather than focusing on more relational matters, on "Everything is Different Now" the material has more of a worshipful flavor. “We had performed at a camp earlier in the summer before recording, and we really discovered that we loved leading worship for youth again,” he said. “So we tried to find some of the songs that were our favorites and wrote a few new songs, too, and that eventually became "Everything is Different Now".
Stellar Kart released an EP, A Whole New World, on August 16, 2011, which includes four songs from Disney films including The Little Mermaid, The Lion King, Beauty and the Beast, and Aladdin.
The studio release All In was released August 27, 2013. "Ones and Zeros", was released in the motion picture soundtrack for the film, God's Not Dead.
Band members
Adam Agee — lead vocals, guitar (2001–2014) (with Audio Adrenaline from 2015–2017) (now with the Newsboys)
Nick Baumhardt — guitar, background vocals (2010–2014) (now with Rhythm Fly Fishing)
Aliegh Shields — bass guitar, background vocals (2012–2014) (now with Ugly Kids Club)
Jeremi Hough — drums (2011–2014)
Taylor Sitera — bass (2001–2005)
Cody Pellerin — guitar, background vocals (2001–2009)
Jon Howard — guitar (2009–2010)
Jordan Messer — drums (2001–2011)
Brian Calcara — bass guitar, background vocals (2005–2011)
Timeline
Discography
All Gas. No Brake. (2005)
We Can't Stand Sitting Down (2006)
Expect the Impossible (2008)
Life Is Good: The Best of Stellar Kart (2009)
Everything Is Different Now (2010)
All In (2013)
Awards
GMA Dove Awards
References
External links
CCM's Stellar Kart Podcast
CCM Magazine Interview with Stellar Kart
American pop punk groups
American power pop groups
Christian punk groups
Christian rock groups from Arizona
Musical groups established in 2002
Musical groups from Phoenix, Arizona
American musical quartets
2002 establishments in Arizona
Inpop Records artists
American performers of Christian music
Musical groups disestablished in 2014
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Bexley and Bromley is a constituency represented in the London Assembly. It consists of the combined areas of the London Borough of Bexley and the London Borough of Bromley. The constituency is represented by Peter Fortune, a Conservative first elected in the 2021 election.
Overlapping constituencies
In elections to Westminster it includes mostly, although not exclusively, Conservative-voting areas. The equivalent Westminster seats after the 2019 general election are:
Beckenham - Colonel Bob Stewart DSO (Conservative)
Bexleyheath and Crayford - David Evenett (Conservative)
Bromley and Chislehurst - Bob Neill (Conservative)
Old Bexley and Sidcup - Louie French (Conservative)
Orpington - Gareth Bacon (Conservative, the former AM for Bexley and Bromley)
The part of Erith and Thamesmead that is in the London Borough of Bexley - Abena Oppong-Asare (Labour)
The part of Lewisham West and Penge that is in the London Borough of Bromley - Ellie Reeves (Labour)
Party averages
Conservatives - 47.8%,
Labour - 20.1%,
Liberal Democrats - 12.9%,
UKIP - 10.8%,
Greens - 6.0%
Assembly members
Mayoral election results
Below are the results for the candidate who received the highest share of the popular vote in the constituency at each mayoral election.
Assembly election results
References
London Assembly constituencies
Politics of the London Borough of Bexley
Politics of the London Borough of Bromley
2000 establishments in England
Constituencies established in 2000
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William Street is a major thoroughfare in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. The street was named in honour of king William IV of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland upon its opening in 1834.
Route
William Street commences at the intersection of Park and College Streets on the eastern edge of Hyde Park in the Sydney central business district and heads in an easterly direction as a four-lane, single carriageway road, widening into a dual-carriageway road just before it enters the Kings Cross Tunnel, before ending at the junction with Barcom Avenue, Waratah Street, Bayswater Road and New South Head Road in Rushcutters Bay. The street runs along the border for between the two suburbs of Woolloomooloo and Darlinghurst for most of its length.
The Cross City Tunnel, a tolled motorway, follows much of the route of William Street and extends further west to the Western Distributor. The tunnel was constructed in an attempt to ease traffic congestion for through traffic across the east-west of the CBD.
William Street is closed to vehicular traffic for the City2Surf road running fun run and race, held in August annually.
History
William Street was built through the farm land of the valley between the city centre and Potts Point in the 1830s to allow traffic to and from the fashionable and expensive Eastern suburbs around Elizabeth Bay. Originally the NSW Surveyor-General Thomas Mitchell wanted the street to be further to the south, but whilst he was away exploring the interior of Australia, the street was constructed in its present location.
In the 1880s notable Australian poet Henry Lawson lived in a boarding house along William Street before he became famous for his poetry and also wrote a poem titled William Street. In 1909 it was decided to resume the south side of the street to widen the street into a larger boulevard style. The resuming was conducted between 1910 and 1914.
In the 1930s, William Street was the location of a number of pubs and nightclubs, including the Strand Hotel, the Prince Albert Hotel and the infamous Fifty-Fifty Club, where sex workers were provided by Tilly Devine.
During the period between World War I and World War II, William Street was the bustling centre of Sydney's automotive trade, with Yorks Motors in William House set up as the sole New South Wales distributor of Plymouth and Chrysler cars in 1932. William Street also once housed recording studios for the Australian Broadcasting Commission. The Watsons Bay tram service was opened in 1894 travelling along William Street and operated until circa 1901. Tram services were electrified in 1905. Motor buses were introduced after World War I. During the 1930s, the tram service from William Street through Kings Cross ran as frequently as one tram per minute during weekdays. With the combination of trams, buses and cars, the William Street, Darlinghurst Road and Victoria Street junction (Kings Cross) became one of Sydney's busiest intersections and worst bottlenecks. The tram line on William Street and through Kings Cross was closed on 10 July 1960, superseded by buses and later, the Eastern Suburbs railway line.
The passing of the Main Roads Act of 1924 through the Parliament of New South Wales provided for the declaration of Main Roads, roads partially funded by the State government through the Main Roads Board (later the Department of Main Roads, and eventually Transport for NSW). With the subsequent passing of the Main Roads (Amendment) Act of 1929 to provide for additional declarations of State Highways and Trunk Roads, the Department of Main Roads (having succeeded the MRB in 1932) extended the western end of Main Road 173 from its old terminus at the intersection of William Street and New South Head Road further west along William Street to its intersection with Palmer Street in Woolloomooloo on 2 December 1964, and eventually again further to the intersection with Crown Street on 22 January 1993.
The Kings Cross Tunnel sits at the eastern end of William Street extending the carriageway to Rushcutters Bay. The cut and cover tunnel was constructed as part of the Eastern Suburbs railway line and required the resumption and demolition of 118
properties. It was opened on 15 December 1975. In November 1987, a tunnel opened beneath William Street to carry traffic coming off the Cahill Expressway towards Taylor Square, as part of the Stage 1 of the Eastern Distributor.
The passing of the Roads Act of 1993 updated road classifications and the way they could be declared within New South Wales. Under this act, William Street retains its declaration as part of Main Road 173.
The route was allocated State Route 76 in 1976, after the opening of the Kings Cross Tunnel, but was completely decommissioned in 2004.
Major intersections
William Street is entirely contained within the City of Sydney local government area.
Gallery
See also
References
External links
Further reading
Streets in Sydney
Darlinghurst, New South Wales
Kings Cross, New South Wales
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Street%2C%20Sydney
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Thermal physics is the combined study of thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, and kinetic theory of gases. This umbrella-subject is typically designed for physics students and functions to provide a general introduction to each of three core heat-related subjects. Other authors, however, define thermal physics loosely as a summation of only thermodynamics and statistical mechanics.
Thermal physics can be seen as the study of system with larger number of atom, it unites thermodynamics to statistical mechanics.
Overview
Thermal physics, generally speaking, is the study of the statistical nature of physical systems from an energetic perspective. Starting with the basics of heat and temperature, thermal physics analyzes the first law of thermodynamics and second law of thermodynamics from the statistical perspective, in terms of the number of microstates corresponding to a given macrostate. In addition, the concept of entropy is studied via quantum theory.
A central topic in thermal physics is the canonical probability distribution. The electromagnetic nature of photons and phonons are studied which show that the oscillations of electromagnetic fields and of crystal lattices have much in common. Waves form a basis for both, provided one incorporates quantum theory.
Other topics studied in thermal physics include: chemical potential, the quantum nature of an ideal gas, i.e. in terms of fermions and bosons, Bose–Einstein condensation, Gibbs free energy, Helmholtz free energy, chemical equilibrium, phase equilibrium, the equipartition theorem, entropy at absolute zero, and transport processes as mean free path, viscosity, and conduction.
See also
Heat transfer physics
Information theory
Philosophy of thermal and statistical physics
Thermodynamic instruments
References
Further reading
External links
Thermal Physics Links on the Web
Physics education
Thermodynamics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20physics
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Totontepec Villa de Morelos (Totontepec Mixe: Anyukojm) is a town and municipality, in the Sierra Mixe district of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. It is located 1,840 meters above sea level and 146 kilometers from the state capital, Oaxaca de Juárez. The toponym "Totontepec" is of Nahuatl origin, meaning "hot hill". In the local dialect of Mixe the town is called Anyukojm, meaning "place of thunder."
The town
The locals, called Totontepecanos, speak Mexican Spanish and the local dialect of the Mixe language. Each dialect of Mixe is different depending on the community in which it is spoken. According to the 2010 census, the town had a population of 1,801 people.
The town's most notable feature is a rock that can be seen from nearly every location. In Spanish it's called "La Mitra" or "La Peña del Trueno," and in Mixe "Anyukääts." It is located at the top of the mountain on which Totontepec is built. The locals will scale this mountain to light prayer candles and get a great view of their town.
Totontepec is home to an unusual landrace of maize, locally known as "olotón", but more commonly described in the English-speaking world as "Sierra Mixe". This corn grows aerial roots secreting sugary mucus to feed nitrogen-fixing bacteria, fertilizing itself to thrive in the poor local soil in exchange.
The municipality
According to the 2010 Census, the municipality had a total population of 5,598, with 98.3% of the inhabitants older than five years of age speaking an indigenous language. The municipality covers 318.95 km2.
As municipal seat, Totontepec has governing jurisdiction over the following communities:
San José Chinantequilla, El Duraznal, Patio Grande, Rancho Alejandro Villegas, San Francisco Jayacaxtepec, San Marcos Moctum, San Miguel Metepec, Santa María Huitepec, Santa María Ocotepec, Santa María Tiltepec, Santiago Amatepec, Santiago Jareta, Santiago Tepitongo, and Tierra Caliente (Rancho Uno y Rancho Dos)
References
External links
Totontepec Villa de Morelos (Enciclopedia de los Municipios)
Totontepec Villa de Morelos (oaxaca.gob.mx)
Municipalities of Oaxaca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totontepec%20Villa%20de%20Morelos
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is a temple complex in Kyoto, Japan, which serves as the head temple of the associated branch of Rinzai Zen Buddhism. The Myōshin-ji School is by far the largest school in Rinzai Zen, approximately as big as the other thirteen branches combined: it contains within it about 3,400 temples throughout Japan, together with a handful overseas, of the approximately six thousand total Rinzai temples, and also has nineteen associated monasteries, of the total of forty Rinzai monasteries and one nunnery.
History
The grounds of the temple were formerly a palace for the Emperor Hanazono. Hanazono abdicated in 1318 and took the tonsure (became a monk) in 1335, and in 1342 donated the palace to found the temple. The district and many places in the area are named "Hanazono" in his honor. The head temple was founded in 1342 by the Zen master Kanzan Egen (関山慧玄, 1277–1360), third patriarch in the influential Ōtōkan lineage.
As with most Zen temples in Japan, in addition to the name Myōshin-ji, the temple complex also has a "mountain name," harkening back to the period in China when most Zen temples were located in the mountains. Myōshin-ji's mountain name is Shōbōzan (正法山), or "Mountain of the True Dharma."
Nearly all of the buildings were destroyed in the Ōnin War in 1467. However, many of them have been rebuilt, initially under the leadership of Sekko-Soshin Zenji (1408–1486), the sixth patriarch. The present buildings were primarily built during the following 150 years (late 15th through early 17th century), and today the gardens of Myōshin-ji are a nationally designated Place of Scenic Beauty and Historic Site.
The temple's bell, known as Okikicho, is the oldest-known example of a Buddhist bonshō ("temple bell") in Japan, as well as being the oldest bell in the world still in use. It was cast in 698.
School
A difference between this and other schools of Rinzai Zen is that the Myōshin-ji school does not necessarily follow the set of established kōan for the sake of testing one's stage of enlightenment. Rather, the Myōshin-ji school allows the master to specifically tailor kōan to a student's needs and background. This method diverges from the traditionally accepted canon of kōan.
Layout
The complex is quite sprawling, and features a number of winding paths flanked by high walls, so it is easy to become disoriented when walking the grounds. As is usual in Japanese temple construction, the main buildings are located on the axis that extends north from the south gate, in the south-west quadrant of the complex. There is a main north–south path connecting the north gate and the south gate, which starts parallel to the main buildings, and then continues north, through a slight curve, and ends at the north gate. There is also an east–west path leading east from the main buildings (starting in the west at the sub-temple Tenju-in, passing between the hattō and butsuden, then ending in the east, after a curve, at the sub-temple Tōrin-in). In addition to the direct north–south path, there is a longer path that proceeds east from the north gate, winds past Keishun-in, and then terminates just south of Daishin-in. In addition to these main routes, there are a number of side paths which are all lined with sub-temples, generally each with a single entrance.
Buildings
Important Cultural Property of Japan
Chokushimon - Built in 1610.
Sanmon - Built in 1599.
Butsuden - Built in 1827.
Hattō - Built in 1656.
Dai-hōjō - Built in 1654.
Kuri - Built in 1653.
Sho-hōjō - Built in 1603.
Yokushitsu - Built in 1656.
Kyōzō - Built in 1673.
Minamimon - Built in 1610.
Kitamon - Built in 1610.
Genkan - Built in 1654.
Shindō - Built in 1656.
Access
The complex is located between to the north and to the south, and can be entered from the north or south. There are two main gates: one to the south, and one to north. There are also side entrances that do not pass through a gate. On the south side of Myōshin-ji there is a large gate that is not open, as it is a , hence only opened for imperial envoys), but next to it is the . Just inside both the North and South Gates are small information booths, providing maps and directions.
A number of train stations are located nearby:
Myōshin-ji Station and Ryōan-ji Station on the Randen line, near the North Gate
Hanazono Station on the JR Sagano Line, near the South Gate
Sub-temples
There are more than 40 of the main temple (Myōshin-ji states 46, but lists 49), of which 30-odd are within the grounds of the main complex, and 10 are in the surrounding area. These include:
Within the grounds
Open year-round
– most noted sub-temple, garden and ink paintings
– connections with Christianity and with Buddhist philosophy, meditation in English
– rock garden , shukubo
– tea garden (matcha tea served)
Reiun-in (霊雲院) -- pocket rock garden
Seasonal openings
Tōrin-in – seasonal openings (parts of January, July, and October), year-round shukubo and shōjin-ryōri
Daihō-in 大法院 – spring and autumn openings (new leaves and autumn leaves: early April through early May, and November, respectively)
Limited admission (conditions apply)
Daiyū-in 大雄院
Closed to public
(Others)
Off the grounds
Open to the public
Ryōan-ji – short walk away, world-famous rock garden, UNESCO World Heritage Site
Limited admission
Eshō-in 慧照院 – just south of main grounds, limited admission; seasonal opening for camellia garden in late April
Seigen-in 西源院 – just south of Ryōan-ji, limited admission
Closed to the public
(Others)
Affiliated temples
Temples in the Myōshin-ji school, but not sub-temples the main complex include:
Enshō-ji (Nara)
Sōken-ji
Zuiryū-ji (Gifu)
School
Hanazono University, the Rinzai-School university, was established by Myōshin-ji in 1872, and is located some distance to the southeast of the temple complex. In the southeast corner of the square plot of the temple complex proper is the associated Hanazono High School, just across a small river.
Abbots
Abbots have included:
Kanzan Egen 關山慧玄 (1277–1360), founder and first abbot
? ... ?
Gudō Toshoku (1577–1661), thrice abbot
? ... ?
Goto Zuigan (1879–1965)
See also
List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts-others)
List of National Treasures of Japan (writings)
Ichibata Yakushi Kyodan
For an explanation of terms concerning Japanese Buddhism, Japanese Buddhist art, and Japanese Buddhist temple architecture, see the Glossary of Japanese Buddhism.
References
Bibliography
"Japanese Rinzai Zen Buddhism. Myoshinji, a living religion" Jørn Borup, Brill,
"Gardens For All: Myoshinji: Zen gardens wondrous to behold, and not", The Japan Times, March 28, 2002, by Gerard Taaffe
Buswell, Robert Jr; Lopez, Donald S. Jr., eds. (2013). Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, p. 559. .
External links
Myōshin-ji Official site (includes English section)
Head Temples of Zen Buddhism
1342 establishments in Asia
Places of Scenic Beauty
Buddhist temples in Kyoto
Historic Sites of Japan
Important Cultural Properties of Japan
1340s establishments in Japan
Zen gardens
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The Battle of Bassignana was fought in the Italian campaign of the War of the Austrian Succession on 27 September 1745. It resulted in a victory for the combined armies of the Bourbon kingdoms of France and Spain and the Genoese Republic over Austria and the Kingdom of Sardinia.
The Bourbon armies, finally united after a two-year campaign, won through a maneuver that caused 25,000 Austrian troops to head towards Piacenza and leave their Sardinian allies isolated. The Sardinians were then overwhelmed and beaten.
The Spanish forces along with a strong contingent of Genoese captured a series of towns: Tortona, Parma, Piacenza and threatened to take Milan. The Austrians moved to protect the capital of Lombardy leaving Charles Emmanuel III, the king of Sardinia, unaided with his force of 55,000. He was defeated by Gages at Bassignano who subsequently advanced the conquest of Lombardy against the advice of the French commanders who preferred the reduction of Piedmont. Gages took Casale and Milan on 16 December where the citadel held out against him. The cities of Lodi and Como soon surrendered and by the end of 1745 all of Lombardy, except for the fortress at Mantua and the citadel in Milan, were under the control of Spain and France.
The Austrians were now unable to oppose the Spanish advance and support Piedmont to keep Charles Emmanuel in the war and the campaign had disastrous results for Maria Theresa. In order to reinforce Austrian armies in Italy peace with Prussia was a necessity and the Second Silesian War would have to be ended. As a result of the gains of the Spanish and French, Charles Emmanuel reopened negotiations with D'Argenson for an understanding between France and Sardinia and possible treaty.
With the end of the Second Silesian War, Austrian was able to send 30,000 soldiers into Italy under Count Maximilian Ulysses Browne and negotiations between France and Sardinia fell apart.
The Battle of Piacenza in the following year turned back the French and the Spanish and erased the effects of Bassignano.
Notes
page 233; War of the Austrian Succession by Reed Browning; The Franco-Spanish army numbered 50,000. The Piedmontese Army numbered 30,000.
References
Browning, Reed (2008). The War of the Austrian Succession. St. Martin's Griffin. .
External links
Success won by Marshal Maiilebois and Don Infante Philip, followed by greater disasters from Voltaire's histories
Bassignano
Bassignana
Bassignana
Bassignana
Bassignana
Bassignana
1745 in Italy
1745 in the Habsburg monarchy
1745 in France
Bassignano
Bassignano
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Bassignano
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Asociación Deportiva Isidro Metapán, also known simply as Isidro Metapán, is a Salvadoran sports club based in Metapán, Santa Ana, El Salvador.
It is best known for its professional football team, which plays in the Primera División, the top tier of the El Salvador football league system, they have won 10 National League titles in El Salvador football.
Isidro Metapán was founded in 2000, after the merger of Isidro Menéndez and Metapán FC. The club had its period of greatest success in the 2000s.
Since the formation of the Apertura/Clausura, A.D. Isidro Metapán has been the dominant club in El Salvador football, winning ten championships. Their traditional local rivals are FAS.
Since the beginning of the 2000–01 season, A.D. Isidro Metapán has played its home games at the Estadio Jorge Calero Suárez. The team colours are blue, red and white, and the team crest shows the white and blue and the Jaguar. The club has other departments in basketball, and others.
History
Present history
In 2000, Metapán FC and Isidro Menéndez, two Second Division strugglers, chose to merge. In 2001, the newly born club won promotion to the Primera División with a 3–2 playoff win over Jocoro FC.
The club quickly consolidated their position as a mid-table side, and starting in Apertura 2004 began making title pushes.
They qualified for the playoffs for the first time that year by defeating Luis Ángel Firpo in a fourth place playoff. In Apertura 2005, they finished the regular atop the table, defeated Once Municipal in the semi-finals, and only fell short of their first title after a 2–0 extra time loss to Vista Hermosa.
In Clausura 2007, the club finally bettered that result, taking home their first ever championship with a 1–0 extra time win over Luis Ángel Firpo. That qualified the team for the CONCACAF Champions League for the very first time, although they did not get past the preliminary rounds.
Over the next several years, Isidro Metapán began to surpass the traditional powers of Salvadoran football (FAS, Firpo, Alianza, and Águila). They won their second title in a penalty shootout over Chalatenango in Apertura 2008, then defended their crown in Clausura 2009 with a 1–0 win over Luis Ángel Firpo. Alexander Amaya scored the winner in the 58th minute.
After a near miss in the Apertura 2009, Isidro returned to the top for the third time in four seasons by winning the championship of Clausura 2010. Léster Blanco and Paolo Suárez each scored in a 3–2 win over Águila.
In each season from 2007 to 2010, the club had won the title at least once. They would win it for a fourth time in five in Apertura 2010, beating Alianza 4–3 in a penalty shootout.
2011–2012 was the most successful season in club history. It started in the summer, in the CONCACAF Champions League. Metapan qualified for the group stages, and a 2–0 win over Mexican team Santos Laguna allowed them to qualify out of the groups into the quarterfinals for the first time. Although UNAM Pumas eliminated them at that stage, it had still been a very successful run.
Meanwhile, domestically, Metapán won a sixth title in eight years with a 1–0 victory over Once Municipal the only goal coming from Paolo Suárez in the 51st minute.
They narrowly missed a repeat that spring in the Clausura, losing 2–1 to Áquila in the championship match. However, they recovered to win a seventh championship in nine years, defeating Alianza in extra time to win the Apertura 2012. For a moment it looked like the hero would be Metapán's top goal scorer Nicolás Muñoz, who scored from a free kick in extra time. However Sean Fraser of Alianza equalized with a header, forcing the match into penalties. After a dramatic shootout, Isidro Metapán won 6–5.
They won their 8th title in Apertura 2013, beating FAS 1–0 on a goal from Andrés Flores in the 85th minute.
On 25 May 2014 Isidro Metapán won the Primera División title for the ninth time in the club history, defeating Dragón on penalties 6–5.
Title number 10 came in Apertura 2014, as Metapán defeated Águila in penalties 3–2. Once again, Nicolás Muñoz played a very important role in taking the match to penalties with an extra time goal.
Sponsorship
Shirt sponsors and manufacturers
Home stadiums
The team currently plays in the Estadio Jorge Calero Suárez. The stadium is located in Metapán, Santa Ana. A new stadium is currently being built and is expected to be finished in the year 2015 or 2016
Estadio Jorge Calero Suárez (2000–)
Complejo Deportivo Metapán
New Stadium
The 2015–16 season was to have been the last season at the Estadio Jorge Calero Suárez, with the club moving to their new 10,000-seater stadium Complejo Deportivo Metapán in time for the 2017–18 season. However, due to the club being in financial crisis, work on the new stadium has since stopped.
Honours
Primera División
Champions (10): Clausura 2007, Apertura 2008, Clausura 2009, Clausura 2010, Apertura 2010, Apertura 2011, Apertura 2012, Apertura 2013, Clausura 2014, Apertura 2014
Liga de Ascenso
Champions (1): 2000–01
Performance in International competitions
Copa Interclubes UNCAF: 1 appearance
Best: First Round 2007
2007: First Round
CONCACAF Champions League: 7 appearances
Best: Quarter-final 2011–12
2008–09: Preliminary Round
2009–10: Group stage
2010–11: Preliminary Round
2011–12: Quarter-final
2012–13: Group stage
2013–14: Group stage
2014–15: Group stage
2015–16: Group stage
Copa Mesoamericana: 1 appearance
Best: Runner-up 2011
2011: Runner-up
Records and statistics
Metapan have won 10 domestic trophies, including the league ten times. From 2009 to 2011, the club won five successive league titles, equalling the all-time record.
Isidro Metapan's name is attached to a number of Primera division and CONCACAF records:
The Isidro Metapan player with the most appearances is Hector Omar Mejia, with 518 in all competitions.
The Isidro Metapan player with the most goals is Williams Reyes, with 77 in all competitions
Current squad
As of September 2023
Players with dual citizenship
Guillermo Stradella
Out on loan
In
Out
Current coaching staff
As of 28 October 2023.
Reserve squad
As of 2018:
Management
List of notable players
List of retired numbers
15 – Retired in 2011 in recognition of goalkeeper Álvaro Misael Alfaro. Alfaro was a major player for Metapán who suffered a neck injury which forced him to retire from the game. In 2011, the number was brought out of retirement and given to back-up goalkeeper.
18 – Retired in 2011 in recognition of midfielder Nelson Rivera. Rivera was shot in the head and died after unknown gunmen attacked the car he was traveling in. The number was brought out of retirement in 2012.
20 – Retired in 2015 in recognition of midfielder Héctor Mejía. Mejía was a long serving and major player for Metapán, he participated in all 10 of Metapán title victories. He retired as Metapán most decorated and most capped player in their history.
One-club men
List of coaches
Isidro Metapán has had 12 permanent managers and 3 temporary manager since the club was formed after the merger of Metapán FC and Isidro Menéndez FC. Edwin Portillo holds the record for most championships won with the club with 7, longest-serving manager in terms of time consecutively of time with 8 years between 2006 and 2013, and most tenures as coach of Metapán with 6. Jorge Rodríguez the manager holds the record with most consecutive titles with three.
This list also includes the coaches who coached CESSA/Metapán FC and Isidro Menéndez
Other departments
Football
Reserve team
The reserve team serves mainly as the final stepping stone for promising young players under the age of 21 before being promoted to the main team. The second team is coached by TBD. the team played in the Primera División Reserves, their greatest successes was winning the Reserve championships four times in Apertura 2013, Clausura 2014, Clausura 2015, Clausura 2018.
Junior teams
The youth team (under 17 and under 15) has produced some of El Salvador's top football players, including TBD and TBD.
Women's team
The women's first team, which is led by head coach Cristian Zañas, features several members of the El Salvador national ladies team. Their greatest successes was winning the 2021 Clausura 3-2 penalties.
Other sports
Isidro Metapan has other departments for a variety of sports.
Basketball
AD Isidro Metapan Básquetbol Club was founded in 2015 and play Liga Mayor de Baloncesto (LMB) which is the highest level in El Salvador league tier. the club is led by head coach TBD, the club features several key members including Nigerian Deji Akindele and TBD. Their greatest successes were winning the 2015 Clausura
Notable players: Nigerian Deji Akindele, Panamanian Jonathan King, Nicaraguan Bartel López,
Past coaches: Darwin Veliz (2017)
References
External links
Municipal news of Metapán
http://www.geocities.com/maradona1o/ (Archived 2009-10-24)
https://web.archive.org/web/20110720163252/http://archive.laprensa.com.sv/20070904/latribuna/Cronologia-1-Trib090120072-3.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20110929142108/http://archive.laprensa.com.sv/20070904/latribuna/Cronologia-2-Trib090120072-3.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20110720163413/http://archive.laprensa.com.sv/20070904/latribuna/Equipoideal-Trib090120078-9.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20071128005453/http://archive.laprensa.com.sv/20070901/latribuna/859436.asp
https://web.archive.org/web/20110929142152/http://archive.laprensa.com.sv/20070901/latribuna/861199.asp
http://archive.laprensa.com.sv/20070901/latribuna/Historia-Trib090120076-7.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20110720163615/http://archive.laprensa.com.sv/20070901/latribuna/859452.asp
https://web.archive.org/web/20110720163631/http://archive.laprensa.com.sv/20070901/latribuna/859934.asp
Calero
https://web.archive.org/web/20111025203600/http://www.laprensagrafica.com/deportes/futbol-nacional/226210-camino-a-ser-un-club.html
Association football clubs established in 2000
Football clubs in El Salvador
2000 establishments in El Salvador
Metapán
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.D.%20Isidro%20Metap%C3%A1n
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In linguistics, a blend—sometimes known, perhaps more narrowly, as a blend word, lexical blend, portmanteau ( or ; pl. portmanteaux), or portmanteau word—is a word formed, usually intentionally, by combining the sounds and meanings of two or more words. English examples include smog, coined by blending smoke and fog, as well as motel, from motor (motorist) and hotel. The component word fragments within blends are called splinters.
A blend is similar to a contraction, but contractions are formed, usually non-intentionally, from words whose sounds gradually drift together over time due to them commonly appearing together in sequence, such as do not naturally becoming don't. A blend also differs from a compound, which fully preserves the stems of the original words. The 1973 Introduction to Modern English Word-Formation explains that "In words such as motel, boatel and Lorry-Tel, hotel is represented by various shorter substitutes – otel, tel, or el – which I shall call splinters. Words containing splinters I shall call blends". Thus, at least one of the parts of a blend, strictly speaking, is not a complete morpheme, but instead a mere splinter or leftover word fragment. For instance, starfish is a compound, not a blend, of star and fish, as it includes both words in full. However, if it were called a "stish" or a "starsh", it would be a blend. Furthermore, when blends are formed by shortening established compounds or phrases, they can be considered clipped compounds, such as romcom for romantic comedy.
Classification
Blends of two or more words may be classified from each of three viewpoints: morphotactic, morphonological, and morphosemantic.
Morphotactic classification
Blends may be classified morphotactically into two kinds: total and partial.
Total blends
In a total blend, each of the words creating the blend is reduced to a mere splinter. Some linguists limit blends to these (perhaps with additional conditions): for example, Ingo Plag considers "proper blends" to be total blends that semantically are coordinate, the remainder being "shortened compounds".
Commonly for English blends, the beginning of one word is followed by the end of another:
breakfast + lunch → brunch
Much less commonly in English, the beginning of one word may be followed by the beginning of another:
teleprinter + exchange → telex
American + Indian → Amerind
Some linguists do not regard beginning+beginning concatenations as blends, instead calling them complex clippings, clipping compounds or clipped compounds.
Unusually in English, the end of one word may be followed by the end of another:
Red Bull + margarita → bullgarita
Hello Kitty + delicious → kittylicious
A splinter of one word may replace part of another, as in three coined by Lewis Carroll in "Jabberwocky":
chuckle + snort → chortle
slimy + lithe → slithy
They are sometimes termed intercalative blends; these words are among the original "portmanteaus" for which this meaning of the word was created.
Partial blends
In a partial blend, one entire word is concatenated with a splinter from another. Some linguists do not recognize these as blends.
An entire word may be followed by a splinter:
dumb + confound → dumbfound
fan + magazine → fanzine
A splinter may be followed by an entire word:
Brad + Angelina → Brangelina
American + Indian → Amerindian
An entire word may replace part of another:
adorable + dork → adorkable
disgusting + gross → disgrossting
These have also been called sandwich words, and classed among intercalative blends.
(When two words are combined in their entirety, the result is considered a compound word rather than a blend. For example, bagpipe is a compound, not a blend, of bag and pipe.)
Morphonological classification
Morphonologically, blends fall into two kinds: overlapping and non-overlapping.
Overlapping blends
Overlapping blends are those for which the ingredients' consonants, vowels or even syllables overlap to some extent. The overlap can be of different kinds. These are also called haplologic blends.
There may be an overlap that is both phonological and orthographic, but with no other shortening:
anecdote + dotage → anecdotage
pal + alimony → palimony
The overlap may be both phonological and orthographic, and with some additional shortening to at least one of the ingredients:
California + fornication → Californication
picture + dictionary → pictionary
Such an overlap may be discontinuous:
politician + pollution → pollutician
beef + buffalo → beefalo
These are also termed imperfect blends.
It can occur with three components:
camisade + cannibalism + ballistics → camibalistics
meander + Neanderthal + tale → meandertale
The phonological overlap need not also be orthographic:
back + acronym → backronym
war + orgasm → wargasm
If the phonological but non-orthographic overlap encompasses the whole of the shorter ingredient, as in
sin + cinema → sinema
sham + champagne → shampagne
then the effect depends on orthography alone. (They are also called orthographic blends.)
An orthographic overlap need not also be phonological:
smoke + fog → smog
binary + unit → bit
For some linguists, an overlap is a condition for a blend.
Non-overlapping blends
Non-overlapping blends (also called substitution blends) have no overlap, whether phonological or orthographic:
California + Mexico → Calexico
beautiful + delicious → beaulicious
Morphosemantic classification
Morphosemantically, blends fall into two kinds: attributive and coordinate.
Attributive blends
Attributive blends (also called syntactic or telescope blends) are those in which one of the ingredients is the head and the other is attributive. A porta-light is a portable light, not a 'light-emitting' or light portability; light is the head. A snobject is a snobbery-satisfying object and not an objective or other kind of snob; object is the head.
As is also true for (conventional, non-blend) attributive compounds (among which bathroom, for example, is a kind of room, not a kind of bath), the attributive blends of English are mostly head-final and mostly endocentric. As an example of an exocentric attributive blend, Fruitopia may metaphorically take the buyer to a fruity utopia (and not a utopian fruit); however, it is not a utopia but a drink.
Coordinate blends
Coordinate blends (also called associative or portmanteau blends) combine two words having equal status, and have two heads. Thus brunch is neither a breakfasty lunch nor a lunchtime breakfast but instead some hybrid of breakfast and lunch; Oxbridge is equally Oxford and Cambridge universities. This too parallels (conventional, non-blend) compounds: an actor–director is equally an actor and a director.
Two kinds of coordinate blends are particularly conspicuous: those that combine (near) synonyms:
gigantic + enormous → ginormous
insinuation + innuendo → insinuendo
and those that combine (near) opposites:
transmitter + receiver → transceiver
friend + enemy → frenemy
Blending of two roots
Blending can also apply to roots rather than words, for instance in Israeli Hebrew:
(, 'hint') + (, 'light') → (, 'traffic light')
(, 'tower') + (, 'light') → (, 'lighthouse')
Mishnaic Hebrew: (, 'push') + Biblical Hebrew: (, 'dig') → (, 'bulldozer')
Israeli שלטוט shiltút 'zapping, surfing the channels, flipping through the channels' derives from
(i) (Hebrew>) Israeli שלט shalát 'remote control', an ellipsis – like English remote (but using the noun instead) – of the (widely known) compound שלט רחוק shalát rakhók – cf. the Academy of the Hebrew Language's שלט רחק shalát rákhak; and
(ii) (Hebrew>) Israeli שטוט shitút 'wandering, vagrancy'. Israeli שלטוט shiltút was introduced by the Academy of the Hebrew Language in [...] 1996. Synchronically, it might appear to result from reduplication of the final consonant of shalát 'remote control'.
Another example of blending which has also been explained as mere reduplication is Israeli גחלילית gakhlilít 'fire-fly, glow-fly, Lampyris'. This coinage by Hayyim Nahman Bialik blends (Hebrew>) Israeli גחלת gakhélet 'burning coal' with (Hebrew>) Israeli לילה láyla 'night'. Compare this with the unblended חכלילית khakhlilít '(black) redstart, Phœnicurus (<Biblical Hebrew חכליל 'dull red, reddish'). Synchronically speaking though, most native Israeli-speakers feel that gakhlilít includes a reduplication of the third radical of גחל √għl. This is incidentally how Ernest Klein explains gakhlilít. Since he is attempting to provide etymology, his description might be misleading if one agrees that Hayyim Nahman Bialik had blending in mind."
"There are two possible etymological analyses for Israeli Hebrew כספר kaspár 'bank clerk, teller'. The first is that it consists of (Hebrew>) Israeli כסף késef 'money' and the (International/Hebrew>) Israeli agentive suffix ר- -ár. The second is that it is a quasi-portmanteau word which blends כסף késef 'money' and (Hebrew>) Israeli ספר √spr 'count'. Israeli Hebrew כספר kaspár started as a brand name but soon entered the common language. Even if the second analysis is the correct one, the final syllable ר- -ár apparently facilitated nativization since it was regarded as the Hebrew suffix ר- -år (probably of Persian pedigree), which usually refers to craftsmen and professionals, for instance as in Mendele Mocher Sforim's coinage סמרטוטר smartutár 'rag-dealer'."
Lexical selection
Blending may occur with an error in lexical selection, the process by which a speaker uses his semantic knowledge to choose words. Lewis Carroll's explanation, which gave rise to the use of 'portmanteau' for such combinations, was:
Humpty Dumpty's theory, of two meanings packed into one word like a portmanteau, seems to me the right explanation for all. For instance, take the two words "fuming" and "furious." Make up your mind that you will say both words ... you will say "frumious."
The errors are based on similarity of meanings, rather than phonological similarities, and the morphemes or phonemes stay in the same position within the syllable.
Use
Some languages, like Japanese, encourage the shortening and merging of borrowed foreign words (as in gairaigo), because they are long or difficult to pronounce in the target language. For example, karaoke, a combination of the Japanese word kara (meaning empty) and the clipped form oke of the English loanword "orchestra" (J. ōkesutora, ), is a Japanese blend that has entered the English language. The Vietnamese language also encourages blend words formed from Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary. For example, the term Việt Cộng is derived from the first syllables of "Việt Nam" (Vietnam) and "Cộng sản" (communist).
Many corporate brand names, trademarks, and initiatives, as well as names of corporations and organizations themselves, are blends. For example, Wiktionary, one of Wikipedia's sister projects, is a blend of wiki and dictionary.
Origin of the term portmanteau
The word portmanteau was introduced in this sense by Lewis Carroll in the book Through the Looking-Glass (1871), where Humpty Dumpty explains to Alice the coinage of unusual words used in "Jabberwocky". Slithy means "slimy and lithe" and mimsy means "miserable and flimsy". Humpty Dumpty explains to Alice the practice of combining words in various ways, comparing it to the then-common type of luggage, which opens into two equal parts:
In his introduction to his 1876 poem The Hunting of the Snark, Carroll again uses portmanteau when discussing lexical selection:
In then-contemporary English, a portmanteau was a suitcase that opened into two equal sections. According to the OED Online, a portmanteau is a "case or bag for carrying clothing and other belongings when travelling; (originally) one of a form suitable for carrying on horseback; (now esp.) one in the form of a stiff leather case hinged at the back to open into two equal parts". According to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD), the etymology of the word is the French , from , "to carry", and , "cloak" (from Old French , from Latin ). According to the OED Online, the etymology of the word is the "officer who carries the mantle of a person in a high position (1507 in Middle French), case or bag for carrying clothing (1547), clothes rack (1640)". In modern French, a is a clothes valet, a coat-tree or similar article of furniture for hanging up jackets, hats, umbrellas and the like.
An occasional synonym for "portmanteau word" is frankenword, an autological word exemplifying the phenomenon it describes, blending "Frankenstein" and "word".
Examples in English
Many neologisms are examples of blends, but many blends have become part of the lexicon. In Punch in 1896, the word brunch (breakfast + lunch) was introduced as a "portmanteau word". In 1964, the newly independent African republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar chose the portmanteau word Tanzania as its name. Similarly Eurasia is a portmanteau of Europe and Asia.
Some city names are portmanteaus of the border regions they straddle: Texarkana spreads across the Texas-Arkansas-Louisiana border, while Calexico and Mexicali are respectively the American and Mexican sides of a single conurbation. A scientific example is a liger, which is a cross between a male lion and a female tiger (a tigon is a similar cross in which the male is a tiger).
Many company or brand names are portmanteaus, including Microsoft, a portmanteau of microcomputer and software; the cheese Cambozola combines a similar rind to Camembert with the same mould used to make Gorgonzola; passenger rail company Amtrak, a portmanteau of America and track; Velcro, a portmanteau of the French (velvet) and (hook); Verizon, a portmanteau of (Latin for truth) and horizon; Viacom, a portmanteau of Video and Audio communications, and ComEd (a Chicago-area electric utility company), a portmanteau of Commonwealth and Edison.
Jeoportmanteau! is a recurring category on the American television quiz show Jeopardy! The category's name is itself a portmanteau of the words Jeopardy and portmanteau. Responses in the category are portmanteaus constructed by fitting two words together.
Portmanteau words may be produced by joining proper nouns with common nouns, such as "gerrymandering", which refers to the scheme of Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry for politically contrived redistricting; the perimeter of one of the districts thereby created resembled a very curvy salamander in outline. The term gerrymander has itself contributed to portmanteau terms bjelkemander and playmander.
Oxbridge is a common portmanteau for the UK's two oldest universities, those of Oxford and Cambridge. In 2016, Britain's planned exit from the European Union became known as "Brexit".
The word refudiate was famously used by Sarah Palin when she misspoke, conflating the words refute and repudiate. Though the word was a gaffe, it was recognized as the New Oxford American Dictionarys "Word of the Year" in 2010.
The business lexicon includes words like "advertainment" (advertising as entertainment), "advertorial" (a blurred distinction between advertising and editorial), "infotainment" (information about entertainment or itself intended to entertain by its manner of presentation), and "infomercial" (informational commercial).
Company and product names may also use portmanteau words: examples include Timex (a portmanteau of Time [referring to Time magazine] and Kleenex), Renault's Twingo (a combination of twist, swing and tango), and Garmin (portmanteau of company founders' first names Gary Burrell and Min Kao). "Desilu Productions" was a Los Angeles–based company jointly owned by actor couple Desi Arnaz and Lucille Ball. Miramax is the combination of the first names of the parents of the Weinstein brothers.
Name-meshing
Two proper names can also be used in creating a portmanteau word in reference to the partnership between people, especially in cases where both persons are well-known, or sometimes to produce epithets such as "Billary" (referring to former United States president Bill Clinton and his wife, former United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton). In this example of recent American political history, the purpose for blending is not so much to combine the meanings of the source words but "to suggest a resemblance of one named person to the other"; the effect is often derogatory, as linguist Benjamin Zimmer states. For instance, Putler is used by critics of Vladimir Putin, merging his name with Adolf Hitler. By contrast, the public, including the media, use portmanteaus to refer to their favorite pairings as a way to "...giv[e] people an essence of who they are within the same name." This is particularly seen in cases of fictional and real-life "supercouples". An early known example, Bennifer, referred to film stars Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez. Other examples include Brangelina (Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie) and TomKat (Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes). On Wednesday, 28 June 2017, The New York Times crossword included the quip, "How I wish Natalie Portman dated Jacques Cousteau, so I could call them 'Portmanteau.
Holidays are another example, as in Thanksgivukkah, a portmanteau neologism given to the convergence of the American holiday of Thanksgiving and the first day of the Jewish holiday of Hanukkah on Thursday, 28 November 2013. Chrismukkah is another pop-culture portmanteau neologism popularized by the TV drama The O.C., merging of the holidays of Christianity's Christmas and Judaism's Hanukkah.
In the Disney film Big Hero 6, the film is situated in a fictitious city called "San Fransokyo", which is a portmanteau of two real locations, San Francisco and Tokyo.
Other languages
Modern Hebrew
Modern Hebrew abounds with blending. Along with CD, or simply (), Hebrew has the blend (), which consists of (, 'phonograph record') and (, 'light'). Other blends in Hebrew include the following:
(, 'smog'), from (, 'fog') and (, 'soot')
(, 'pedestrian-only street'), from (, 'sidewalk') and (, 'street')
(, 'musical'), from (, 'theatre play') and (, 'singing' [gerund])
(, 'lighthouse'), from (, 'tower') and (, 'light')
(, 'rhinoceros'), from (, 'horn') and (, 'nose')
(, 'traffic light'), from (, 'indication') and (, 'light')
(, 'thong bikini'), from (, 'string') and (, 'bikini')
Sometimes the root of the second word is truncated, giving rise to a blend that resembles an acrostic:
(, 'orange' (fruit)), from (, 'apple') and (, 'gold')
(, 'potato'), from (, 'apple') and (, 'soil' or 'earth'), but the full (, 'apple of the soil' or 'apple of the earth') is more common
Irish
A few portmanteaus are in use in modern Irish, for example:
Brexit is referred to as (from , "Britain", and , "leave") or (from , "England", and , "out")
The resignation of Tánaiste (deputy prime minister) Frances Fitzgerald was referred to as (from , "goodbye" and Tánaiste)
, an Irish-language preschool (from , "infants", and , "band")
The Irish translation of A Game of Thrones refers to Winterfell castle as (from , "winter", and , "exposed to winds")
(from English jail and , "Irish-speaking region"): the community of Irish-speaking republican prisoners.
Icelandic
There is a tradition of linguistic purism in Icelandic, and neologisms are frequently created from pre-existing words. For example, 'computer' is a portmanteau of 'digit, number' and 'oracle, seeress'.
Indonesian
In Indonesian, portmanteaus and acronyms are very common in both formal and informal usage.
A common use of a portmanteau in the Indonesian language is to refer to locations and areas of the country. For example, Jabodetabek is a portmanteau that refers to the Jakarta metropolitan area or Greater Jakarta, which includes the regions of Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi).
Malaysian
In the Malaysian national language of Bahasa Melayu, the word jadong was constructed out of three Malay words for evil (jahat), stupid (bodoh) and arrogant (sombong) to be used on the worst kinds of community and religious leaders who mislead naive, submissive and powerless folk under their thrall.
Japanese
A very common type of portmanteau in Japanese forms one word from the beginnings of two others (that is, from two back-clippings). The portion of each input word retained is usually two morae, which is tantamount to one kanji in most words written in kanji.
The inputs to the process can be native words, Sino-Japanese words, gairaigo (later borrowings), or combinations thereof. A Sino-Japanese example is the name for the University of Tokyo, in full . With borrowings, typical results are words such as , meaning personal computer (PC), which despite being formed of English elements does not exist in English; it is a uniquely Japanese contraction of the English . Another example, , is a contracted form of the English words and . A famous example of a blend with mixed sources is , blending the Japanese word for and the Greek word . The Japanese fad of egg-shaped keychain pet toys from the 1990s, Tamagotchi, is a portmanteau combining the two Japanese words tamago (たまご), which means "egg", and uotchi (ウオッチ) "watch". The portmanteau can also be seen as a combination of tamago (たまご), "egg", and tomodachi (友だち), which means "friend".
Some titles also are portmanteaus, such as Hetalia (ヘタリア). It came from Hetare (ヘタレ), which means "idiot", and Italia (イタリア) which means Italy. Another example is Servamp,
which came from the English words Servant (サーヴァント) and Vampire (ヴァンパイア).
Portuguese
In Brazilian Portuguese, portmanteaus are usually slang, including:
Cantriz, from cantora (female singer) and atriz (actress), which defines women that both sing and act.
Aborrescente, from aborrecer (annoy) and adolescente (teenager), which is a pejorative term for teenagers.
Pescotapa, from pescoço (neck) and tapa (slap), which defines a slap on the back of the neck.
In European Portuguese, portmanteaus are also used. Some of them include:
Telemóvel, which means mobile phone, comes from telefone (telephone) and móvel (mobile).
Cantautor, which means Singer-songwriter, and comes from cantor (singer) and autor (songwriter).
Spanish
Although traditionally uncommon in Spanish, portmanteaus are increasingly finding their way into the language, mainly for marketing and commercial purposes. Examples in Mexican Spanish include from combining "coffee shop" and "bookstore", or 'telethon' from combining and . Portmanteaus are also frequently used to make commercial brands, such as "chocolleta" from "chocolate" + "galleta." They are also often used to create business company names, especially for small, family-owned businesses, where owners' names are combined to create a unique name (such as Rocar, from "Roberto" + "Carlos", or Mafer, from "María" + "Fernanda"). These usages help to create distinguishable trademarks. It is a common occurrence for people with two names to combine them into a single nickname, like Juanca for Juan Carlos, Or Marilú for María de Lourdes.
Other examples:
Cantautor, which means Singer-songwriter, and comes from cantante (singer) and autor (songwriter).
Mecatrónica and Ofimática two Neologisms that are blends of mecánica (mechanical) with electrónica (electronics), and oficina (office) with informática (informatics) respectively.
Espanglish, interlanguage that combines words from both Spanish (Español) and English.
Metrobús, blend of metro (subway) and autobús.
Autopista, blend of automóvil (car) and pista (road, tracks).
Company names and brands with portmanteaus are common in Spanish. Some examples of Spanish portmanteaus for Mexican companies include: The Mexican flag carrier Aeroméxico, (Aerovías de México), Banorte (Bank and North), Cemex (Cement and Mexico), Jumex (Jugos Mexicanos or Mexican Juice), Mabe (from founders Egon MAbardi and Francisco BErrondo), Pemex (Petróleos Mexicanos or Mexican Oil), Softtek (portmanteau and stylization of Software and technology), and Telmex (Teléfonos de Mexico). Gamesa (Galletera Mexicana, S.A. or Mexican Biscuit Company, Inc.) and Famsa (fabricantes Muebleros, S.A.) are examples of portmanteaus of four words, including the "S.A." (Sociedad Anónima).
Many more portmanteaus in Spanish come from Anglicisms, which are words borrowed from English, like módem, transistor, códec, email, internet or emoticon.
A somewhat popular example in Spain is the word , a portmanteau of (cockerel and elephant). It was the prize on the Spanish version of the children TV show Child's Play () that ran on the public television channel of (TVE) from 1988 to 1992.
Portmanteau morph
In linguistics, a blend is an amalgamation or fusion of independent lexemes, while a portmanteau or portmanteau morph is a single morph that is analyzed as representing two (or more) underlying morphemes. For example, in the Latin word , the ending is a portmanteau morph because it is used for two morphemes: the singular number and the genitive case. In English, two separate morphs are used: of an' animal. Other examples include → and → .
See also
Abbreviation
Acronym and initialism
Clipping (morphology)
Conceptual blending
Amalgamation (names)
Hybrid word
List of geographic portmanteaus
List of portmanteaus
Phonestheme
Phono-semantic matching
Portmanteau sentence
Syllabic abbreviation
Wiktionary category:English blends
Notes
References
External links
1870s neologisms
Word coinage
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blend%20word
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Forward Into the Past is a 1976 compilation album by the Firesign Theatre. It presents the "Greatest Hits" from their nine Columbia albums and includes two tracks that were previously released only on a single.
Track listing
Side one
"Station Break"
Released as a single - November 1969
Produced by James William Guercio
"Happy Hour News"
From the album Everything You Know Is Wrong - October 1974
Produced by The Firesign Theatre
"Ralph Spoilsport Motors"
From the album How Can You Be in Two Places at Once When You're Not Anywhere at All - July 1969
Produced by Cyrus Faryar
"Beat The Reaper"
From the album Waiting for the Electrician or Someone Like Him - January 1968
Produced by Gary Usher and The Firesign Theatre
"Let's Eat"
From the album Don't Crush That Dwarf, Hand Me the Pliers - July 1970
Produced by The Firesign Theatre with Bill Driml
"High School Madness"
From the album Don't Crush That Dwarf, Hand Me the Pliers - July 1970
Produced by The Firesign Theatre with Bill Driml
Side two
"Toad Away"
From the album Dear Friends - January 1972
Produced by The Firesign Theatre
"Not Quite The Solution He Expected"
From the album The Tale of the Giant Rat of Sumatra - January 1974
Produced by The Firesign Theatre
"Joe Beets Meets Hemlock Stones"
From the album The Tale of the Giant Rat of Sumatra - January 1974
Produced by The Firesign Theatre
"W.C. Fields Forever"
From the album Waiting for the Electrician or Someone Like Him - January 1968
Produced by Gary Usher and The Firesign Theatre
"Dr. Whiplash"
From the album Dear Friends - January 1972
Produced by The Firesign Theatre
Side three
"The Further Adventures of Nick Danger"
From the album How Can You Be in Two Places at Once When You're Not Anywhere at All - July 1969
Produced by Cyrus Faryar
Side four
"Back From The Shadows"
From the album I Think We're All Bozos on This Bus - August 1971
Produced by The Firesign Theatre
"Mr. President"
From the album I Think We're All Bozos on This Bus - August 1971
Produced by The Firesign Theatre
"Papoon For President"
From the album Not Insane or Anything You Want To - October 1972
Produced by The Firesign Theatre
"Government Training Film"
From the album Everything You Know Is Wrong - October 1974
Produced by The Firesign Theatre
"Mark Time"
From the album Dear Friends - January 1972
Produced by The Firesign Theatre
"Forward Into The Past"
Released as a single - November 1969
Produced by James William Guercio
Critical reception
Most fan sites agree that this album is a good place to start for someone who has never heard of The Firesign Theatre. The New Rolling Stone Record Guide claims that this album was "brilliantly selected and programmed" (175) while The Goldmine Comedy Record Price Guide offers no comment beyond its 2 star marking.
Release history
Forward Into The Past was released only as a double album.
Columbia PG-34391
This album was never released on CD. Instead, in 1993 a new collection was put together under the title Shoes for Industry: The Best of the Firesign Theatre and was released by Sony/Legacy. Shoes contains most of the same tracks as Forward Into The Past but also takes advantage of the greater running time available on a Compact Disc in order to add more tracks. Shoes also includes tracks which members of the group had released on their various "solo" projects.
External sources
Firesign Theatre. Forward Into The Past. Columbia Records, 1976.
Firesign Theatre. Firesign Theatre. February 9, 2006 http://www.firesigntheatre.com/.
"Firezine: Linques!." Firesign Theatre FAQ. February 10, 2006 http://firezine.net/faq/.
Marsh, Dave, and Greil Marcus. "The Firesign Theatre." The New Rolling Stone Record Guide. Ed. Dave Marsh and John Swenson. New York: Random House, 1983. 175-176.
Smith, Ronald L. The Goldmine Comedy Record Price Guide. Iola: Krause, 1996. 124-127.
Citations
Marsh, Dave, and Greil Marcus. "The Firesign Theatre." The New Rolling Stone Record Guide. Ed. Dave Marsh and John Swenson. New York: Random House, 1983. 175-176.
Smith, Ronald L. The Goldmine Comedy Record Price Guide. Iola: Krause, 1996. 124-127.
Firesign Theatre. Forward Into The Past. Columbia Records, 1976.
1975 compilation albums
The Firesign Theatre albums
Albums produced by James William Guercio
Albums produced by Gary Usher
Columbia Records compilation albums
Comedy compilation albums
1970s comedy albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward%20Into%20the%20Past
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Showtime Networks Inc. is an American entertainment company that oversees the company's premium cable television channels, including its flagship service Showtime. It is a subsidiary of media conglomerate Paramount Global under its networks division.
Overview
The company was established in 1983 as Showtime/The Movie Channel, Inc. after Viacom and Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment (now Paramount Media Networks) merged their premium channels, Showtime and The Movie Channel respectively, into one division. In 1984, American Express sold their interest in Warner-Amex to Warner Communications (now Warner Bros. Discovery) making Warner the new half-owner of Showtime/TMC. In 1985, Warner sold its half-interest to Viacom, making the company a wholly owned subsidiary of Viacom. 1985 also saw the pay-per-view service Viewer's Choice become part of the operation; it merged with rival PPV service Home Premiere Television in 1988, and Viacom ceded control to the cable companies that owned HPT (Viacom still held a stake until the 1990s). In 1988, the company was renamed Showtime Networks Inc.
On March 1, 1994, a partnership between Showtime Networks and Home Box Office, Inc. (parent of HBO and Cinemax) implemented a cooperative content advisory system that was initially unveiled across Showtime, The Movie Channel and the HBO properties that would provide specific content information for pay-cable subscribers to determine the suitability of a program for children. The development of the system—inspired by the advisory ratings featured in Showtime and The Movie Channel's respective program guides and those distributed by other participating premium cable services—was in response to concerns from parents and advocacy groups about violent content on television, allowing the Showtime Networks and other services to assign individual ratings corresponding to the objectionable content depicted in specific programs (and categorized based on violence, profanity, sexuality or miscellaneous mature material). Labels are assigned to each program at the discretion of the participating service. A revised system—centered around ten content codes of two to three letters in length—was implemented across the Showtime Networks and Home Box Office services on June 10, 1994.
SNI, along with CBS, UPN, Viacom Outdoor, Spelling Television, CBS Television Studios (formerly CBS Productions, Paramount Television and CBS Paramount Television), CBS Television Distribution (formerly Paramount Domestic Television, CBS Paramount Domestic Television and KingWorld), CBS Studios International (formerly CBS Paramount International Television), Simon & Schuster and other entities became part of CBS Corporation when it officially split from Viacom on December 31, 2005. SNI managed Robert Redford and NBC Universal joint venture Sundance Channel until 2008, when it was sold to Rainbow Media (now AMC Networks), but it eventually re-merged with Viacom to transform into the new ViacomCBS in early December 2019, and later renamed Paramount in 2022.
Cable networks currently owned by SNI
Year in parentheses denotes when each network and channel was brought into the SNI fold.
Showtime (1983)+
SHO2 (formerly SHOTOO) (1994)
Showcase (formerly Showtime 3) (1996)
Showtime Extreme (1998)
SHO×BET (2020)*
Showtime Next (2001)
Showtime Family Zone (2001)
Showtime Women (2001)
The Movie Channel (1983)+
The Movie Channel Xtra (1999)
Flix (1992)
+Channel launched under Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment prior to 1983.
*Channel originally named Showtime Beyond from 1998 to 2020.
SNI won a Peabody Award in 2002 for Bang Bang You're Dead. In 2008, SNI was honored at the 59th Annual Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards for Outstanding Achievement in Advanced Media Technology for Best Use of Commercial Advertising on Personal Computer for the companion website to the series The L Word.
References
External links
Cable network groups in the United States
Paramount Media Networks
1983 establishments in New York City
American companies established in 1983
Companies based in Manhattan
Television broadcasting companies of the United States
Entertainment companies based in New York City
Entertainment companies established in 1983
Entertainment companies of the United States
Mass media companies established in 1983
Mass media companies of the United States
Mass media companies based in New York City
1985 mergers and acquisitions
Multinational companies headquartered in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Showtime%20Networks
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Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr was Sultan of Pate, Kenya (1779 - 1809).
Around 1800 the Pate Sultan took over Lamu, however, they were deeply resented by the people of Lamu. Fumomadi was persuaded ("by a faithful old advisor") to build a fort on the seafront in Lamu Town, to protect members of his government. He died (a natural death) before the first storey of the fort was completed.
There was much disagreement over choosing his successor, as he had fifty children and all sons and male ín-laws were eligible for the throne. After "encouragement" from the powerful Mazrui family from Mombasa/Oman, an in-law named Ahmad ibn Shaykh was chosen as the next Sultan.
References
Bibliography
Martin, Chryssee MacCasler Perry and Esmond Bradley Martin: Quest for the Past. An historical guide to the Lamu Archipelago. 1973.
18th-century Kenyan people
Year of birth missing
1809 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumo%20Madi%20ibn%20Abi%20Bakr
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Suncorp Group Limited is an Australian finance, insurance, and banking corporation based in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It is one of Australia's mid-size banks (by combined lending and deposits) and its largest general insurance group, formed on 1 December 1996 by the merger of Suncorp, Metway Bank and the Queensland Industry Development Corporation (QIDC).
History
State Government Insurance Office
Queensland established the State Accident Insurance Office in 1916, to provide mandatory injury compensation insurance to workers in the state's business sector. New legislation soon after created a larger insurance body, the State Government Insurance Office (SGIO) which took over the State Accident Insurance Office. General insurance, third party and life products were added. SGIO later expanded into building society operations, superannuation, and finance.
In 1960, new legislation establishing the SGIO as a separate corporation was passed, and the group became subject to state regulatory oversight. In 1971, the SGIO took another step toward full-fledged corporate status, forming its own board of directors. At this time, the operations involving injury compensation for workers were placed under a separate board. By 1976, as SGIO's insurance operations took on a more commercial orientation, the company closed down its building society operations.
The next step toward the SGIO's move toward the private sector came in 1985. Under new legislation, the company dropped the SGIO name in favour of the name Suncorp and its employees lost their status as civil servants. At the same time, Suncorp became an independent corporation, although still government controlled. By the mid 1990s, Suncorp was an allfinanz (i.e. with combined banking, financial, and insurance operations) group and had assets of nearly $10 billion.
Metway Bank
Metway Bank started as the Metropolitan Permanent Building Society which was founded in 1959. In the late 1980s, Metropolitan joined the trend among Australia's building societies to expand into being full-scale banks. In 1988, Metropolitan abandoned its status as a building society to reincorporate as a bank. Metway, as the new bank was called, listed publicly and began acquiring a number of rival banks and building societies. Metway became the largest Queensland based bank by the mid 1990s. Metway's operations also extended into the other eastern states and the assets of the bank were more than $7 billion.
Queensland Industry Development Corporation
QIDC had its origins in Agbank which was a state government farming financier that was started in 1902. In 1986, new Queensland legislation was passed to incorporate and regulate the bank as the Queensland Industry Development Corporation. By the mid 1990s, QIDC had assets of approximately $3 billion.
Merger as Suncorp-Metway: 1996 to 1999
In response to sweeping changes in Australia's financial and insurance industries in the mid 1990s, and especially the increasing convergence of the banking and insurance sectors, the state owned QIDC and Suncorp were amalgamated with Metway Bank in 1996. The new company, Suncorp-Metway, became one of the largest insurance and finance groups in Australia, ranking fifth in the national market. By 1998, the company's combined assets exceeded $22 billion.
The Queensland government initially controlled 68 percent of the new company, but quickly made good on its promise to sell off most of its stake. In 1997, the company conducted a public offering that reduced the government's stake in Suncorp-Metway to 4 percent, with the last remaining government shares sold one year later. In 1999, Suncorp-Metway completed the integration of the Metway, QIDC and Suncorp operations, and launched a single unified Suncorp-Metway brand. As part of this process, the company also trimmed its retail network, shutting down a number of redundant branches.
Further conglomeration: 2000 to 2006
After its integration phase, Suncorp-Metway began putting into place a new strategy. The company sought to launch itself on a truly national scale, replacing its allfinanz model with a new financial conglomerate strategy. The company wanted to expand, particularly in its more profitable insurance division. The company made its first acquisition in 2001 by taking over GIO General Ltd, which was then part of AMP. That purchase made Suncorp-Metway the second ranked in Australia in terms of income from general insurance in annual premiums.
The company carried out another rebranding exercise in 2002, adopting the Suncorp name for all of its Queensland operations, and for non-insurance operations outside of the state. The company's insurance operations, excluding Queensland, took on the GIO name.
Suncorp continued to build up its insurance portfolio into the middle of the decade. The company acquired 50 percent of the Queensland-based RACQ Insurance, a joint venture originally formed between AMP and RACQ. Suncorp bought out AMP's share of the joint venture in 2002. Also in 2002, Suncorp purchased half of RAA Insurance from the RAA. In 2004, the company purchased Tasmania's RACT Insurance from the RACT.
Promina acquisition: 2007
Suncorp then began preparations for a still larger takeover of insurance giant Promina Group Limited. By early 2007, the two companies had agreed the terms of a merger deal valued at AUD 7.9 billion ($5.9 billion), which represented one of the largest acquisition deals completed in Australia's financial sector since the beginning of the new century.
Promina was formerly part of the UK-based insurance giant Royal and Sun Alliance until it spun off the business in Australia as a separate public company in 2003. The merger transformed Suncorp into a true giant in Australia, doubling its assets to nearly AUD 85 billion ($65 billion).
Recent events
During a retail banking review in 2007, Suncorp determined its credit card portfolio was a non-core asset and entered into talks to sell its 100,000 card/$230 million credit-card portfolio to Citibank. Citibank now handles the operational aspects of credit whilst the Suncorp brand remains on the cards and Suncorp continues to provide customer interaction.
As of 2007, Suncorp had assets of over A$95 billion, over 9 million customers, and over 16,000 staff. Suncorp operated 232 retail and business banking outlets, predominantly in Queensland. GIO operated 34 agencies in NSW and Victoria. An additional 157 retail branches and services centres were added with the Promina acquisition.
In June 2013, Goldman Sachs's Special Situations Group, the proprietary investment unit of the investment bank, purchased some of Suncorp Group Ltd.'s loans for about US$863 million. In the summer of 2013 as European lenders were divesting their loans portfolios, in Australia, hedge funds and investment banks were buying them. In 2013, distressed-debt investors, seeking investment opportunities in Asia, particularly in Australia, acquired discounted bonds or bank loans of companies facing distressed debt, with the potential of profitable returns if the companies' performance or their debt-linked assets improves. In 2013 Australia was one of the biggest markets for distressed-debt investors in Asia.
Suncorp has been granted a MySuper authority, enabling it to continue to receive default superannuation contribution from 1 Jan 2014.
Suncorp Business Services appointed its new CEO, Matt Pancino, on 13 June 2014. Pancino formerly worked as the Chief Information Officer for the group.
Suncorp was inducted into the Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame in 2016.
In 2020, Suncorp admitted to wage theft dating back to 2014. In June 2023, it was announced that remediation of the theft amounted a total $32 million in wages, misappropriated from 15,800 staff.
Business interests
Suncorp covers nearly all areas in wealth and banking, including life insurance, general insurance, commercial insurance, Compulsory Third Party (CTP), banking, finance, superannuation agricultural banking and business banking, the notable exception being health insurance. It is the largest banking and insurance corporation headquartered in Brisbane.
Suncorp is the parent company of insurance company GIO, which is mainly used as a general insurance company representing Suncorp outside Queensland, offering similar products to the Suncorp branded insurance product in Queensland.
Suncorp trades under a number of brands, including AAMI, Apia, Shannons, InsureMyRide, Vero, Terri Scheer, Bingle, CIL and Tyndall insurance brands in Australia, and Vero, Asteron, Guardian Trust, Tyndall, Vero Liability, AA Insurance, SIS, CMV/AXIOM and Autosure brands in New Zealand. These assets were acquired with the Promina Group in 2007. Tal Australia purchased Asteron Australia from Suncorp in December 2018.
Suncorp Bank
On 19 April 2009, Suncorp announced a re-branding of the banking arm of the company to Suncorp Bank. The reason behind the re-branding is to give the company a view that Suncorp is a bank with an insurance arm, not an insurance company with a banking division. In July 2022, Suncorp Group agreed terms to sell Suncorp Bank to the Australia & New Zealand Banking Group for . In August 2023 the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission blocked the deal.
Joint ventures
Suncorp acquired insurance joint ventures with motoring clubs RACQ and RAA in 2001, but chose to divest them in 2010. Suncorp entered into a joint venture agreement with RACT Insurance in Tasmania in 2007, but sold its 50% interest back to RACT in July 2021.
Naming rights
Suncorp holds the naming rights of Lang Park, currently branded as Suncorp Stadium. It is a rectangular sporting stadium located in the Brisbane suburb of Milton, and is the home of the Brisbane Broncos and Queensland Reds. Suncorp is also the title sponsor of the Suncorp Super Netball competition in Australia. The naming rights to buildings, including Suncorp Place in Sydney and Suncorp Plaza in Brisbane are also held by the group.
See also
Banking in Australia
List of banks
List of banks in Australia
List of banks in Oceania
References
External links
Suncorp Group digital story and oral history: Queensland Business Leaders Hall of Fame 2016, State Library of Queensland
Companies listed on the Australian Securities Exchange
Australian companies established in 1996
Financial services companies established in 1996
Banks established in 1996
Banks of Australia
Insurance companies of Australia
Companies based in Brisbane
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suncorp%20Group
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Bua Macuata West Open is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 25 open constituencies that were elected by universal suffrage (the remaining 46 seats, called communal constituencies, were allocated by ethnicity). Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. It was located in the western part of the northern island of Vanua Levu.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Election results
In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).
1999
2001
2006
Sources
Psephos – Adam Carr's electoral archive
Fiji Facts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bua%20Macuata%20West%20%28Open%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29
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Some Australian state schools, both primary and high, are supported by parents and citizens' associations also known as PCA or P&C. These groups provide volunteer support, raise funds for infrastructure and other expenses and assist in the administration of their school.
A large part of many P&C activities is the provision of subsidies to school excursions and other supplemental and extracurricular activities.
P&Cs encourage the general public and local businesses to become involved with their local schools.
Recent years have seen a number of changes to the environment in which P&Cs operate.
Volunteers sometimes require blue cards (criminal record checks) if they do not have children in the related school.
Tuckshops and fundraisers are required to sell only healthy foods.
Education Queensland has devolved many costs onto the school communities that were previously covered by the department. This has led to some schools requiring a "voluntary" payment from parents to cover consumables.
In Victoria, School Councils are similar to P&Cs, although they also have a more formal role in helping to manage the school.
See also
Parent-teacher association (PTA), the US and UK versions.
References
External links
ACT Council of Parents & Citizens Associations
Federation of Parents and Citizens' Associations of New South Wales
Queensland Council of Parents and Citizens' Associations
Civic and political organizations of the United States
Educational organisations based in Australia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parents%20and%20citizens
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Crest Audio, Inc is an American company that produces professional sound equipment, including audio mixers, power amplifiers, and loudspeakers. Crest Audio was founded in the late 1970s by Jean-Pierre Prideaux in California. Dallas Music Industries (DMI) acquired Crest Audio in the 1980s and subsequently, Crest Audio was acquired by Peavey Electronics in 1999, and has since been based in Meridian, Mississippi. The company has an international network of distributors.
History
The company was founded in the late 1970s by Jean-Pierre (John) Prideaux to build power amplifiers for the tour sound industry. The first amplifier, the P3500, delivered 475 watts-per-channel in a chassis that occupied a two-rack space at a time when competitors were offering 400 watts in a four-rack space. In 1983, the 4001 amplifier was the first to provide two-ohms in a three-rack space chassis. Four years later the 8001 power amplifier became an industry standard concert sound amplifier. It was superseded by the 8002 model in 1998.
In 1989, Crest audio diversified into mixing consoles with its Gamble EX series. Two years later the company introduced NexSys, a computer-based network amplifier control system that became the basis of a range that addresses every aspect of installation configuration and control.
References
Audio mixing console manufacturers
Audio amplifier manufacturers
Loudspeaker manufacturers
Audio equipment manufacturers of the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crest%20Audio
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Baraguey d'Hilliers may refer to:
People with the surname
Count Baraguey d'Hilliers (), a title held by Achille and Louis:
Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers (1795–1878), politician, Marshal of France, and son of Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers
Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers (1764–1813), French general during the Napoleonic Wars and father of Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers
Other uses
Hougoumont (ship), a tall ship renamed Baraguey d'Hilliers during her service in the Crimean War
See also
Hillyer (disambiguation)
Hillier (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraguey%20d%27Hilliers
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Robert Lyle Stoddard (born March 8, 1957) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played for the Seattle Mariners, Detroit Tigers, San Diego Padres and Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball (MLB). Stoddard attended Fresno State University and he threw and batted right-handed.
Stoddard, who was 6'1" and 200 (some sources say he was 190 or 210) pounds, was drafted four times. He was drafted in the 19th round of the 1975 MLB draft by the Milwaukee Brewers, in the 3rd round of the 1976 MLB draft by the Oakland Athletics. In 1976, he was drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the third round too, this time in a different draft (there are multiple drafts held each year). He was not drafted at all in 1977, and in 1978-when he was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the 10th round-he finally decided to sign.
Stoddard had spent less than four seasons in the minor leagues when he made his MLB debut on September 4, 1981, at the age of 24. He experienced two successful seasons in 1981 and 1982, posting ERAs of 2.60 and 2.41 in each of those two seasons, respectively. In 1983, his statistics went "downhill"-his win–loss record was a mediocre 9-17. After that season, his ERA reached under 3.00 only once more. His final MLB game was September 19, 1987.
References
External links
Venezuelan Professional Baseball League
Stods Batting and Pitching Cages & Lessons
1957 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball players from San Jose, California
Calgary Cannons players
Denver Zephyrs players
Detroit Tigers players
Fresno State Bulldogs baseball players
Gavilan Rams baseball players
Kansas City Royals players
Las Vegas Stars (baseball) players
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Major League Baseball pitchers
Nashville Sounds players
Norfolk Tides players
Omaha Royals players
Salt Lake City Gulls players
San Diego Padres players
San Jose Missions players
Seattle Mariners players
Spokane Indians players
Stockton Mariners players
Tacoma Tigers players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Stoddard
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The Fucking Cunts Treat Us Like Pricks is an album by English anarcho-punk band Flux of Pink Indians. It was released as a double album on the band's own Spiderleg Records in 1984 as the follow-up to their debut, Strive to Survive Causing Least Suffering Possible.
The album was banned by several major retailers including HMV due to its sexually explicit title and cover art. Under the direction of James Anderton copies were seized, along with other records by Crass and Dead Kennedys, by Greater Manchester Police from Eastern Bloc record shop, who were charged with displaying "Obscene Articles For Publication For Gain". The album's lyrical content concerned violence between men and women, based on the experiences of a band member who had been sexually assaulted. The title was a Dada-style ploy to get attention for this social message. The band, its two record labels and its publishing company were also charged under the Obscene Publications Act, but all charges were dropped.
The album also featured artwork by Crass guitarist Andy Palmer.
The Fucking Cunts... reached number two on the UK Indie Chart, spending fifteen weeks on the chart in total. It was reissued in 1986 on band member Derek Birkett's own One Little Indian label.
Track listing
Side one
"Punk"
"Mind Fuckers Fucking Minds"
"Hard Sell"
"Love Song"
"Mickey on Tuneoil"
Side two
"Desire"
"Blood Lust Rite"
"The Falklands War"
Side three
"Punk"
"Life We Make"
"Trouble at the Heart"
"The Sun (the Paper That Supports Our Boys and Rapes Our Girls)"
"Shadow of Abuse"
"Very Funny"
Side four
"Cure for the Coprolite"
References
1984 albums
Flux of Pink Indians albums
Noise rock albums by English artists
Obscenity controversies in music
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fucking%20Cunts%20Treat%20Us%20Like%20Pricks
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Peter Granville Farndon (12 June 1952 – 14 April 1983) was an English bassist and founding member of the rock band the Pretenders. In addition to playing bass with the group, Farndon sang backup vocals and co-wrote two of the group's songs ("The Wait" and "Space Invader"), before a drug problem resulted in his dismissal from the group in 1982 and his death a year later.
Career
Farndon attended Hereford Cathedral School in his home city of Hereford, before embarking on his musical career. Farndon's musical influences included Stanley Clarke and Jeff Beck. Farndon played with Cold River Lady until the middle of 1976, and then toured with Australian folk-rock band The Bushwackers in 1978.
Farndon joined the Pretenders in early 1978 and was the first member of the 1978–82 lineup to be recruited by Chrissie Hynde. Farndon recalled their first rehearsal: "I'll never forget it, we go in, we do a soul number, we do a country and western number, and then we did 'The Phone Call' which is like the heaviest fuckin' punk rocker you could do in 5/4 time. Impressed? I was very impressed." A guitarist was still needed, and Farndon recruited lead guitarist James Honeyman-Scott into the group that summer. Farndon, Honeyman-Scott, and bandmate Martin Chambers all hailed from Hereford.
Chambers worked with Farndon to adjust to Hynde's timing: "Pete and I did a fair amount of work on our own, in terms of the rhythm section being able to play Chrissie's odd timing things. So Pete and I would come in a couple of hours ahead of the others and baby talk our way through the songs. You know, 'da dad da, boom boom.' She didn't count in the traditional way so we had to reinterpret the counts. Once we made the adjustment and learned to go with her flow, so to speak, it became second nature. It's the bedrock of Pretenders music."
Farndon played a large role in shaping the Pretenders' tough image, often wearing his biker clothing, or later, samurai gear onstage. Hynde later acknowledged that two Pretenders' songs, "Biker" and "Samurai" had "references to a Pete Farndon type of character". As a performer, Hynde recalled that "Pete was fantastic. Pete was blagging it a lot because technically he wasn't any kind of great musician. But he had real heart, like in boxing terms, he could win the fight on heart alone. And he had a great energy, borne of a kind of desperation."
By early 1982, Farndon's drug use was causing strained relations with his bandmates. He became increasingly belligerent and according to Hynde, "was in bad shape. He was really not someone you could work with." The situation came to a head when guitarist James Honeyman-Scott threatened to quit the band if Farndon was not fired. On 14 June 1982, band manager Dave Hill, on the orders of Hynde, fired Farndon. Two days after Farndon's dismissal, Honeyman-Scott was found dead of heart failure caused by a cocaine overdose. Four years into the career of the Pretenders, Hynde and drummer Martin Chambers were the only original members left, and less than a year later, the only two living members.
After his dismissal from the Pretenders, Farndon worked with former Clash drummer Topper Headon, guitarist Henry Padovani, organist Mick Gallagher, and vocalist Steve Allen (formerly of Deaf School) in a short-lived band they called Samurai.
Death
On 14 April 1983, at the age of 30, Farndon was found by his wife drowned in the bath at his home in London, having lost consciousness after a heroin overdose. He is buried at St. Peter's Church, Withington, Herefordshire, England.
Discography
The Bushwackers
1977 – Murrumbidgee
The Pretenders
1979 – Pretenders
1981 – Extended Play
1981 – Pretenders II
References
External links
Pretenders 977 Radio
1952 births
1983 deaths
English rock bass guitarists
Male bass guitarists
English new wave musicians
Musicians from Hereford
People educated at Hereford Cathedral School
The Pretenders members
Deaths by drowning in the United Kingdom
Deaths by heroin overdose in England
Accidental deaths in England
20th-century English musicians
20th-century English bass guitarists
20th-century British male musicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete%20Farndon
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CountrySTAT is a Web-based information technology system for food and agriculture statistics at the national and subnational levels. It provides decision-makers access to statistics across thematic areas such as production, prices, trade and consumption. This supports analysis, informed policy-making and monitoring with the goal of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger.
Since 2005, the Statistics Division of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has introduced CountrySTAT in over 20 countries in Latin America, sub-Saharan Africa and Asia.
Overview
The CountrySTAT web system is a browser oriented statistical framework to organise, harmonise and synchronise data collections.
CountrySTAT aims are to facilitate data use by policy makers and researchers. It provides statistical standards, data exchange tools and related methods without using external data sources such as databases. The data source is a text file in a specific format, called px-file. The application supports many languages. The layout can be easily changed to match the needs of users.
Features
The CountrySTAT web system is easy to install and to operate on a standard Windows XP professional machine. It is programmed in ASP with visual basic using internet information service and suitable windows software for graphical and statistical output for the intranet and internet environment.
Criticisms
The programming with VB scripts, customised DLLs and additional windows software (PC-Axis family) makes it to a platform dependently software only run with the internet information server on a Windows server machine. To use it with the internet requires an own dedicated windows server.
See also
FAO
CountrySTAT technical documentation
External links
FAO Programme Committee (87th Session): Modernization of FAOSTAT – An update. Rome, 6-10 May 2002.
Website of FAO
CountrySTAT Web site
FAOSTAT Web site
FAO Statistics Division Web site
National CountrySTAT Web sites
CountrySTAT Philippines
CountrySTAT Bhutan
CountrySTAT Mali
CountrySTAT Niger
CountrySTAT Togo
RegionSTAT UEMOA
CountrySTAT Angola
CountrySTAT Benin
CountrySTAT Burkina Faso
CountrySTAT Ivory Coast
CountrySTAT Cameroon
CountrySTAT Ghana
CountrySTAT Kenya
CountrySTAT Senegal
CountrySTAT Uganda
CountrySTAT United Republic of Tanzania
Agricultural databases
Organizations established in 1945
Food and Agriculture Organization
Statistical data sets
cs:Organizace pro výživu a zemědělství
da:FAO
de:Food and Agriculture Organization
es:Organización para la Alimentación y la Agricultura
eo:Organizaĵo pri Nutrado kaj Agrikulturo
fr:Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture
id:Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian
it:FAO
nl:Voedsel- en Landbouworganisatie
ja:国際連合食糧農業機関
nn:FAO
pt:Organização das Nações Unidas para a Agricultura e a Alimentação
ru:Продовольственная и сельскохозяйственная организация ООН
tr:Gıda ve Tarım Teşkilatı
zh:联合国粮食及农业组织
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CountrySTAT
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Brent and Harrow is a constituency represented in the London Assembly.
It consists of the combined area of the London Borough of Brent and the London Borough of Harrow. After the 2010 general election, the London Borough of Brent had two Labour MPs and one Liberal Democrat MP, and the London Borough of Harrow had two Conservative MPs and one Labour MP. Both councils are currently (April 2012) Labour controlled.
Until the 2012 election, Brent and Harrow was the only GLA constituency to have changed hands since the Assembly's formation, with Labour losing the seat to the Conservatives at the 2004 election, but regaining it at the next election in 2008.
At the 2012 election, Navin Shah became the first incumbent to successfully defend Brent and Harrow, and greatly increased his majority. At the same time two other constituencies changed hands elsewhere in London.
Overlapping constituencies
The constituency contains the whole of the following UK Parliament constituencies:
Brent North - Barry Gardiner (Labour)
Brent Central - Dawn Butler (Labour)
Harrow East - Bob Blackman (Conservative)
Harrow West - Gareth Thomas (Labour)
Additionally, it also contains parts of the following two constituencies:
Hampstead & Kilburn - Tulip Siddiq (Labour)
Ruislip, Northwood & Pinner - David Simmonds (Conservative)
Assembly Members
Mayoral election results
Below are the results for the candidate which received the highest share of the popular vote in the constituency at each mayoral election.
Assembly election results
References
London Assembly constituencies
Politics of the London Borough of Brent
Politics of the London Borough of Harrow
2000 establishments in England
Constituencies established in 2000
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent%20and%20Harrow%20%28London%20Assembly%20constituency%29
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Saving Jane is a band from Columbus, Ohio. The band is known for its song "Girl Next Door". Lead singer is Marti Dodson.
History
2002-2008: Girl Next Door, One Girl Revolution and SuperGirl
Saving Jane's full-length debut, Girl Next Door, was issued in October 2005 on Toucan Cove. The title track on the album, also called "Girl Next Door", received major radio airplay following this release. This gained the attention of major record labels, and a contract with Republic/Universal Records, which helped them to make their debut on the Billboard charts. The single "Girl Next Door" peaked at No. 31 on the Billboard Hot 100. The video debuted on MTV's Total Request Live'''s countdown on April 24, 2006, at No. 9. The single "Come Down to Me" was released in late August and went on to sell over 100,000 copies.
In 2006, country singer Julie Roberts recorded a version of "Girl Next Door" which was released on her album Men and Mascara. (Saving Jane had released their own country remix of the song the previous winter, which was available on iTunes and got exposure on CMT and CMT.com.)
On August 7, 2007, Saving Jane's follow up album to Girl Next Door was released with the title One Girl Revolution. A single with the same title debuted in the summer of 2007. The album, One Girl Revolution was released in 2007, with a re-release version with a new song, "SuperGirl" in the album, SuperGirl in 2008.
2009-2010: "Butterflies", Vampire Diaries EP, Psycho Ex-Girlfriend
A new song, "Butterflies" was released on iTunes in 2009. In early 2010, Saving Jane's new EP title, Vampire Diaries EP'' was released on January 26, 2010, on iTunes, it has three songs, "Immortal", "In Love With a Vampire" and "Immortal (Twilight Mix)".
On October 25, 2010, the single "Worst of Me" was released onto iTunes, which was part of the album, "Psycho Ex-Girlfriend" that was due for release in Spring 2011. However, the album was ultimately shelved.
Meanwhile, guitarist Pat Buzzard is working as a solo artist and released his first single in August 2008, a cover of Old Crow Medicine Show's "Wagon Wheel", which features Brandon Hagan on guitar, bass, banjo, backing vocals, and Marti Dodson on backing vocals.
Discography
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Extended plays
Singles
References
External links
Dodson, Marti; Where have all the cowboys (and Saving Jane records) gone?
Musical groups established in 2002
Alternative rock groups from Ohio
Musical groups from Columbus, Ohio
2002 establishments in Ohio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saving%20Jane
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Izayoi (written: 十六夜 lit. "Sixteenth Night"), is a Japanese family surname. Fictional people with the surname include:
Izayoi, a character from the Japanese manga series Inuyasha.
Izayoi, a character from the BlazBlue fighting game series.
Sakamaki Izayoi, the main protagonist from the Japanese light novel series Problem Children are Coming from Another World, aren't they?.
Sakuya Izayoi, a character from bullet hell shoot 'em up video game series Touhou Project.
Miku Izayoi, a character from the a Japanese light novel series Date A Live.
Aki Izayoi, a character from the second main spin-off of the Yu-Gi-Oh! franchise, Yu-Gi-Oh! 5D's.
Kyuemon Izayoi, also known as Kyuemon Shingetsu Kibaoni, a secondary villain from the 39th season of Super Sentai Series, Shuriken Sentai Ninninger.
Sonosuke Izayoi, a character from the second anime series based in the Danganronpa video game, Danganronpa 3: The End of Hope's Peak Academy.
Japanese-language surnames
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izayoi
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Club Deportivo Once Municipal was a Salvadoran football team from Ahuachapán that last competed in the Primera División, the premier division of Football in El Salvador, in 2018. It was nicknamed "The Canarian Tank", and its home stadium was Estadio Simeón Magaña, which has a capacity of 5,000.
Founded in 1945 and dissolved in 2022
History
Foundation and early years
Once Municipal was founded on 20 August 1945 by Salvador Marinero, who arrived in Ahuachapán from San Vicente in 1946. He was the owner of a factory in Ahuachapán. After discussing the venture with his neighbors, he put together a football team to play in El Salvador's second division.
After a year of managing the team, Marinero asked Don Alfonso Salaverría, a property tycoon and the mayor of Ahuachapán, to help the team with equipment, finances, and logistics. Salaverría accepted Marinero's invitation, but wanted to see the team play first. Salaverría observed a practice at Llano del Espino, a field on the outskirts of the city where the team was based, but was unimpressed with the quality of the players. He issued instructions for Once Municipal to be reinforced with second division players such as defender René "Chacuate" Moscoso, a shoemaker. Salaverría signed Moscoso despite Marinero's protests against Moscoso's young age.
The club was officially founded after Salaverría gave the team one colon for player wages. It played its first game in August 1946 against Ferrocarril, which Once won 3–1. Their first season was a success, finishing second on the league standings.
1948–49: First national league title
In 1948, the team was promoted to the Primera Division, the highest league in El Salvadorian football. Due to the team's successful previous seasons, Salaverría began recruiting more players and staff, including two Costa Ricans (the first to play in Salvadoran football) and coach Armando Chacón of FAS for the 1948–49 season. The team's first season in Primera Division was a success, with Once Municipal finishing first in the national tournament and winning a title.
1950s–1960s: After the title
After the club won the national title, the players demanded more money. As Salaverría couldn't afford to keep paying large player salaries, a large exodus of players began in the "First Canary Leak", most leaving for other first division teams and the newly founded Atlético Marte. In the 1950–51 season, the club was punished with demotion to the fourth division for not paying its players. When the club regrouped financially, it quickly rose through the leagues, again achieving qualification to Primera Division in 1955. However, more financial problems led Salaverría to sell Once Municipal's 1959 Primera Division spot to Atlético Constancia (later Alianza F.C.) for one colon. Once Municipal was promoted again to the first division in 1963, where it led an average performance as a midtable team. However, another fiasco arose in 1969–70 when players and management once again disagreed on wages, leading to a large exodus of players and the relegation of the club.
1970s: Second ascent
In the 1970s, Once Municipal management decided to try to secure the team its own field. They turned to Arturo Simeón Magaña, the landowner of the area around El Zapotón, the field where Once Municipal played. Simeón Magaña decided to donate the land to the team on the condition that the team "would be the pride of Ahuachapán".
With a new stadium, Once Municipal became a dominant team in the 1970s. Although they were not able to win any titles, they finished at the top of the table in 1978 and 1979.
1980s–1990s: Sharp decline
In 1980, Once Municipal was again relegated, this time for poor performance in the league. The club remained in Second Division for the next fifteen years, and was even briefly demoted to Third Division in 1993.
2004–2006: League and cup double
The controversial Adalid Magaña took over the team in 1999 to save it from financial crisis.
Once was not a favorite to be promoted the Primera circuit in 2004. Financial problems continued to plague the team and many worried that it would go bankrupt. The Once Lobos were the firm candidate in the league to gain direct promotion and had experienced players such as Memo Rivera and William Renderos, as well as Edwin Portillo as a coach. However, Once Municipal won 3–2 on the afternoon of 22 May 2004 in an unexpected upset against the Lobos at Estadio Cuscatlán with a hat trick by Colombian Víctor Jaramillo that solidified Once's place at the top of the Segunda Division and its place in the Primera Division the next season, returning to the top tier for the first time in 25 years.
In 2006, the club had its most successful period ever under Nelson Mauricio Ancheta, who filled the roster with players released by more prominent teams. The club won its first Copa Presidente with a 1–0 victory over C.D. Águila on 22 November, giving the club its second ever title. Once also won the grand final of the 2006 Apertura Tournament on 17 December against C.D. FAS. Although they began trailing in the scoreline with an own goal by Nelson Nerio, Once equalised with seven minutes remaining, which sent the game into overtime, where Once were able to score two more goals and win 3–1, to clinch the club's second league title and third overall title while completing a league and cup double.
2007–2014: Promotions and relegations
In 2008, the team was once again relegated to the Second Division due to poor management, coaching errors and the underperformance of high-earning players.
In 2010 the club won their relegation/promotion battle with Municipal Limeño to regain promotion to Primera Division. The club was relegated at the end of the next season but were given a reprieve after Atletico Balboa was demoted due to their failure to pay the league. Once was finally relegated at the end of the Clausura 2013 season.
Demise and new club
On 17 January 2018 Once Municipal were stripped of their football license due to unpaid fees to Segunda Division and lack of payments to players and coaches.
On 20 July 2019, a new club was founded by members of the defunct Once Municipal. It acquired the spot of C.D. Pasaquina, which was forced to sell its spot due to massive debt. The name of the new club is Once Deportivo FC.
Crest, colors and nicknames
The team's colors are yellow, white and blue, which have been the same since the club was founded. Their home jerseys consist of a yellow shirt and shorts with blue socks. Their away jerseys consist of blue shirts and shorts with yellow socks.
Their crest is made up of the number 11, representing the Municipality of Ahuchapan, and the canary, which is the team mascot and symbol.
The nickname given to Once Municipal is Canarios, a reference to their Canary mascot.
Stadium
Once Municipal played their home games at the Estadio Simeón Magaña, which has a capacity of 5,000 people. It is located in the city center of Ahuachapan. Prior to the construction of its stadium, the club trained and played home games at the Llano del Espino in Canchas.
1946–73: Llano del Espino Canchas
1974–2017: Estadio Simeón Magaña
Supporters
Once Municipal are renowned in El Salvador for the support that the team receives, especially at home games. Once Municipal's fan club is called the "Fuerza Canaria". The "Fuerza Canaria" is an ultra group that supports the team at games by singing songs, waving banners and flags, and wearing the team's colors.
Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors
Kit manufacturers
2006–2017 : Milan
Shirt sponsors
TBD: None
2006–2010: Tigo, La Geo, Pilsener, MK, Fila
2011: Tigo, La Geo
2011–2013: La Geo, La Tropicano
2014–2016: La Geo
2016: Megafrio, Servitroya, Titanium
2017: TCS, TropiGas, LaGeo, SalvaCola
Records
Club records
First Match (prior to creation of a league): vs. TBD, 1946
First Match (official): vs. Ferrocarril 3-1 (a club from La Libertad,), August 1946
Most points in La Primera: 41 points (13 win, 15 draws, 5 losses) 1986/87
Least points in La Primera: 11 points (1 win, 8 draws, 27 losses) 1996/97
Individual records
Most capped player for El Salvador: 50 (0 whilst at Once Lobos), Luis Guevara Mora
Most international caps for El Salvador while a Once Lobos player: 1, TBD
Most goals in a season, all competitions: unknown player, 62 (1927/28) (47 in League, 15 in Cup competitions)
Most goals in a season, La Primera: TBD, 7
Overall seasons table in La Primera
{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="#efefef"
! Pos.
! Club
! Season In La Primera
! Pl.
! W
! D
! L
! GS
! GA
! Dif.
|-
|align=center bgcolor=|TBA
|Once Municipal
|align=center |11
|align=center|310
|align=center|77
|align=center|108
|align=center|125
|align=center|340
|align=center|439
|align=center|-99
|}
Last updated: 9 October 2022
Players
Notable players
Below are the notable former and current players who have represented Once Municipal and international competition since the club's foundation in 1912. To appear in the section below, a player must have either played in at least 50 official matches for the club or represented their country's national team playing for Once Municipal before, during or after departing the club.
Dagoberto Portillo
Elder Figueroa
Ramon Flores
Héctor Ávalos
Mario Deras
Kevin Santamaria
Francisco Portillo
Carlos Menjivar
Elias Montes
Israel Castro Franco
Armando Collado
Ronald Pimentel
Osael Romero
Anel Canales
Diego Mejia
Juan Ramon Martinez
Gustavo Guerrero
José Rodolfo “Chofo” Cea
Jorge Adalberto ”Conejo” Lievano
Rafael Búcaro
Maximiliano Cubas
Sean Fraser
Raúl Magaña
Mario Antonio Monge
José Antonio Quintanilla
Jorge Suárez Landaverde
Notable players
Team captains
Personnel
Current technical staff
Management
Coaches
1940s
Armando Chanco (1949–50)
1950s
Armando Chanco (1949–50)
1960s
José Alberto Cevasco Che (1965)
1970s
Salvador Alfonso Cabeza (1970)
Julio “Merienda” Olivares (1972)
Carlos Javier Mascaro (1975-77)
Jorge Roldán (1976–78)
Rodolfo Cea Chofo (1977)
1980s
Conrado Miranda (1986–1987)
1990s
Cristo Arnoldo Velásquez Farfán (1991–1992)
Carlos Recinos (1993–1995)
Oscar Emigdio Benítez (1998–99)
2000s
Jorge Tupinambá (2001–02)
Marco Pineda (2002–03)
Oscar Emigdio Benítez (2004)
Henry Rojas (2004)
Miguel Mansilla (2005–06)
Jorge Alberto García (June 2006)
Nelson Mauricio Ancheta (July 2006– June 2007)
Abel Moralejo (July 2007 -Oct 2007)
Hugo Coria (Oct 2007 – March 2008)
Juan Ramón Paredes (March 2008 – April 2008)
Mario Elias Guevara (April 2008 – May 2008)
Jorge Abrego (June 2008 – Oct 09)
Nelson Mauricio Ancheta (Oct 2009 – Dec 09)
2010s
Ricardo Mena Laguán (Jan 2010 – April 10)
Nelson Mauricio Ancheta (April 2010 – Feb 11)
Marcos Pineda (Feb 2011 – March 11)
Juan Andrés Sarulyte (March 2011 – April 2012)
Leonel Cárcamo (June 2012 – Aug 2012)
Juan Andrés Sarulyte (Aug 2012 – Oct 2013)
Ivan 'Diablo' Ruiz (Nov 2013– Dec 2014)
Marco Pineda (Dec 2014– May 2015)
Giovanni Trigueros (June 2015 – Feb 2016)
Sandra Martinez (Feb 2016)
Rubén Guevara (Mar 2016– Aug 2016)
Victor Coreas (Sep 2016– Dec 2016)
Juan Andrés Sarulyte (Jan 2017– June 2017)
Ivan Ruiz (July 2017 – Nov 2017)
Ernesto Iraheta (Dec 2017 – Dec 2017)
Hiatus (January 2018 - Present)
Others
José Leteliel
List of presidents
Alfonso Salaverria (1946–1959)
Antonio Salaverria (1970–1979)
Ricardo Espinoza (1979–1999)
Adalid Magaña (1999–2009)
Andrés Rodríguez Celis (2009–2012)
Oswaldo Magaña (2012–2016)
Carlos Calderón (2016)
Omar Maldonado (2016–2018)
Others
José Orlando Contreras
Honors
References
External links
Official website
History & club information
Ambitions to promotion article
Football clubs in El Salvador
1945 establishments in El Salvador
Association football clubs established in 1945
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.D.%20Once%20Municipal
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, prov. designation: , is a mid-sized trans-Neptunian object located in the outermost region of the Solar System. It was discovered on 9 October 2002, by American astronomers Mike Brown, Chad Trujillo and David Rabinowitz at the Palomar Observatory in California. The resonant trans-Neptunian object stays in a 2:5 resonance with Neptune. It has a reddish color, a rotation period of 56.1 hours and measures at least in diameter.
Orbit and classification
orbits the Sun at a distance of 39.2–71.4 AU once every 410 years and 12 months (150,105 days; semi-major axis of 55.28 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.29 and an inclination of 35° with respect to the ecliptic. In December 2058, It will come to perihelion (minimum distance from the Sun) at 39.2 AU, which is about the same as Pluto's semi-major axis (average distance from the Sun). Given the long orbit that TNOs have around the Sun, comes to opposition in late October of each year at an apparent magnitude of 20.5.
Both the Minor Planet Center (MPC) and the Deep Ecliptic Survey (DES) show to be a resonant trans-Neptunian object in a 2:5 resonance with Neptune, meaning it completes two orbits for every five orbits of Neptune.
Physical characteristics
has an absolute magnitude of 3.78. It has an estimated diameter of . Using the Spitzer Space Telescope, it was previously estimated to have a diameter of , which would have made it one of the largest TNOs. This overestimation was due to insufficient motion to allow for a good sky subtraction, and because was very close to a brighter background object. Brown noted that the Spitzer measurement involved a very large potential error and that the object would likely be much smaller.
The red spectra suggests that has very little fresh ice on its surface. Its rotation period was initially estimated by Thirouin et al. to be 5.41 h, based on a light-curve amplitude of . However, this short rotation period was most likely an alias due to a bias for shorter and more easily discernable shorter periods. is highly oblate, and Ortiz et al. suggest a longer rotation period estimate of 56.1 hours.
An occultation of a 15.3 magnitude star by on 28 January 2018 over Europe suggests that it has highly oblate shape with dimensions of × and a projected axial ratio of a/c=1.18. The area equivalent diameter of is .
On 11 November 2021, an occultation across North America and Europe detected an oblate shape of km (mean 499 km), in strong agreement with the 2018 occultation results. No satellites were detected.
Possible satellite
The mean diameter of determined from occultations in 2018 is smaller than the larger diameter estimate of by Spitzer in 2008. Despite the large uncertainty in the Spitzer's estimate, the difference of between the two diameters is significant, implying that may have a large satellite with a possible size range of , nearly as large as itself. This possible satellite is expected to orbit at a very close distance of less than , close enough to slow down 's rotation through tidal interactions.
If both the primary body and satellite are doubly tidally locked, then the expected orbital period of the satellite would be approximately 54 hours, equal to 's rotation. Given an orbital period of 54 hours, the satellite's estimated orbital separation from the primary would be , with an angular separation of 58 milliarcseconds, too small to be resolved with current space telescopes such as Hubble. Under the assumption the satellite's diameter is , it would cause 's position to oscillate by 18 milliarcseconds as it orbits around its barycenter.
See also
Kuiper belt
Minor planet
Notes
References
External links
TNO 2002 TC302, Image of the Month (January 2003)
List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects, Minor Planet Center
Trans-Neptunian objects in a 2:5 resonance
Discoveries by the Palomar Observatory
Possible dwarf planets
Objects observed by stellar occultation
20021009
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2884522%29%202002%20TC302
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Cayenne – Félix Éboué Airport (, ) is French Guiana's main international airport. It is located near the commune of Matoury, southwest of French Guiana's capital city of Cayenne. It is managed by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of French Guiana (CCI Guyane).
Air Guyane Express has its headquarters on the airport property.
History
The first airfield at Cayenne, called "Gallion," was built in 1943 in ten months by the U.S. Army Air Corps as a base allowing bombers to reach Africa. Though quickly abandoned upon the completion of the new airport, it can still be found very close to the aerodrome.
The new airport was first given the name "Rochambeau" in reference to Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, commander-in-chief of the French troops in the American Revolutionary War. It was purchased by France in 1949.
This name was controversial because the airport's namesake's son, Donatien-Marie-Joseph de Vimeur, vicomte de Rochambeau, harshly repressed the Haitian Revolution during the Saint-Domingue expedition. Christiane Taubira, then-Member of the National Assembly of France for Guiana, requested in 1999 that the name be changed. Multiple proposals were submitted, including Cépérou, a seventeenth-century indigenous chief. It was finally renamed Félix Éboué Airport in 2012, the change becoming official in January of that year. The code for the airport remains CAY.
Félix Eboué Airport serves approximately 400,000 passengers per year.
Facilities
The airport has an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one paved runway. It is open to public air traffic and international air traffic.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
See also
Transport in French Guiana
List of airports in French Guiana
References
External links
CCI Guyane
Airports in French Guiana
Buildings and structures in Matoury
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayenne%20%E2%80%93%20F%C3%A9lix%20Ebou%C3%A9%20Airport
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Nicholas Justiniani was an Italian Benedictine monk and Venetian nobleman.
Born to a noble family of Venice, Justiniani entered the monastery of San Niccoló del Lido there in 1153. When all other members of the Justiniani family died in the Aegean Sea, near Chios, during a Venetian military expedition in 1172, the government sent Baron Morosin and Toma Falier as delegates to Pope Alexander III, with the request to dispense Nicholas from his monastic vows. This was granted, and Nicholas married Anna, the daughter of Doge Michieli. Through this marriage, he founded five new lines of the Justiniani family. Shortly after 1179, he returned to the monastery. His wife took the veil at a women's convent, which they had founded, on the Island of Aniano. Both Nicholas and Anna were venerated by the people after their deaths, although neither has ever been formally beatified.
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Italian Benedictines
Republic of Venice nobility
12th-century Venetian people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Justiniani
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Maplewood is a community in Houston, Texas located outside the 610 Loop, southwest of Downtown Houston. It consists of 524 houses. They are one-story and two-story houses, as two stories is the limit allowed by the subdivision. The oldest houses were built in the early 1950s. Maplewood is located along Beechnut, Hillcroft, and Renwick.
The Maplewood Civic Club (MCC) is the area civic club.
Maplewood is in Texas's 7th congressional district .
History
Around 1988 Metropolitan Transit Authority of Harris County (METRO) proposed having Beechnut Street widened. Residents of Maplewood, Meyerland, and Robindell appeared before the METRO board and protested the plans, stating that they would result in increased traffic. METRO dropped the plans.
In April 2010 the City of Houston "automated" curbside recycling program was extended to Maplewood.
Economy
Maplewood Mall, a outdoor shopping center, serves neighborhood residents. It opened in 1965 as an indoor shopping mall. In 2004 New Plan Excel Realty renovated the center and converted it from an indoor shopping mall to an outdoor shopping center. On August 6, 2004, it held a grand re-opening. 200 people, including Marvin Zindler, attended. All of the mall's previous tenants continued to occupy space in the refurbished development.
Government and infrastructure
The neighborhood is within the Houston Police Department's Southwest Patrol Division .
Harris Health System (formerly Harris County Hospital District) designated Valbona Health Center (formerly People's Health Center) for ZIP code 77096. The nearest public hospital is Ben Taub General Hospital in the Texas Medical Center.
Education
Maplewood is zoned to Houston ISD schools.
Maplewood is divided between the following elementary schools:
Braeburn Elementary School
Herod Elementary School
Lovett Elementary School
Sutton Elementary School
Maplewood is divided between the following middle schools:
Fondren Middle School
Long Middle School
Pershing Middle School
Any portion zoned to Long or Pershing is eligible to apply for Pin Oak Middle School's regular program.
Areas east of Hillcroft (almost all of Maplewood) are zoned to Bellaire High School, while portions west of Hillcroft are zoned to Sharpstown High School.
Some areas thought as in the "Maplewood area" but are not within the subdivision limits (such as Maplewood South) are zoned to Westbury High School.
Prior to the 1980s oil bust Braeburn Elementary school had a middle class, White student body. After the oil bust, Central American immigrants moved into apartment complexes in the northern portion of Braeburn's attendance zone. By the year 1990 only 5% of Braeburn's 1,000 students were White. On April 29, 1992, a petition to have the neighborhood rezoned to Herod, a mostly-White high performing school, circulated in the southern portion of Braeburn's attendance zone. The area board member, Donald R. McAdams, did not support the proposal, and the request was not approved. McAdams, the author of Fighting to Save Our Urban Schools-- and Winning!: Lessons from Houston, wrote that he did not support the proposal because the area demanding a rezone was across the street from Braeburn to the south and west and that "Moving this neighborhood to Herod would acknowledge that middle-class white children were not expected to go to a school filled with poor Hispanic children, even when the school was directly across the street." In addition, at that time Herod was overcrowded.
Nearby Catholic schools of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston include St. Vincent de Paul Catholic School, K-8.
See also
References
McAdams, Donald R. Fighting to Save Our Urban Schools-- and Winning!: Lessons from Houston. Teachers College Press, 2000. , 9780807770351.
Notes
External links
Maplewood Civic Club
Neighborhoods in Houston
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maplewood%2C%20Houston
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Scottish Premiership Division Two is one of Scotland's national rugby union league divisions, and therefore part of the Scottish League Championship – being the middle division in the Scottish Premiership.
Until the 2009–10 season, the best teams were promoted to the Scottish Premiership Division One whereas the bottom teams were relegated to the Third Division. Since the 2010–11 season, the division merges with the Scottish Premiership Division One. After 11 matches, the top eight teams in Division One play each other in Premier A. The bottom four teams join the top four teams of Division Two to form Premier B and the bottom eight teams of Division Two form Premier C.
Division Two, 2011–12
Biggar RFC
Falkirk RFC
Hamilton RFC
Hillhead/Jordanhill RFC
Jed-Forest RFC
Kelso RFC
Peebles RFC
Selkirk RFC
Stewart's Melville FP
Watsonians RFC
West of Scotland RFC
Whitecraigs RFC
Details:
Past winners
Kelso
Langholm
Selkirk
Melrose
Kelso
Melrose
Selkirk
Kilmarnock RFC
Ayr
Glasgow Academicals
Kilmarnock RFC
Kilmarnock RFC
Jed-Forest
Stirling County
Watsonians
Kelso
West Of Scotland
Glasgow High Kelvinside
Kelso
Currie
Glasgow Hawks
Gala
Boroughmuir
Stirling County
Peebles
Watsonians
Gala
Stirling County
Dundee HSFP
Stirling County
West Of Scotland
Dundee HSFP
Stirling County
?
?
?
Glasgow Hawks
Boroughmuir
Selkirk
References
3
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20Premiership%20Division%20Two
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Amorematico is an album released by the Italian rock band Subsonica in 2002.
Track listing
"Nuvole Rapide"
"Albascura"
"Dentro i miei vuoti"
"Eva-Eva"
"Nuova Ossessione"
"Mammifero"
"Sole Silenzioso"
"Ieri"
"Gente Tranquilla"
"Questo domani"
"Atmosferico I"
"Atmosferico II"
"Atmosferico III"
"Atmosferico IV"
2002 albums
Subsonica albums
Italian-language albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorematico
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33 Brompton Place (1982) is a five-part miniseries that was broadcast on Showtime Networks in the United States and Global in Canada. It was filmed in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
References
1980s American drama television series
1980s Canadian drama television series
1982 American television series debuts
1982 Canadian television series debuts
1982 American television series endings
1982 Canadian television series endings
Global Television Network original programming
Showtime (TV network) original programming
Television shows filmed in Winnipeg
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/33%20Brompton%20Place
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This is a List of Old Brightonians, notable former students – known as "Old Brightonians" – of the co-educational, public school, Brighton College in Brighton, East Sussex, United Kingdom.
Academia, education and literature
Edward Carpenter (1844–1929), socialist writer and campaigner for homosexual rights
Robert H. Crabtree (born 1948), Organometallic Chemist, Professor of Inorganic Chemistry, Yale University, creator of Crabtree's catalyst
Andrew Gamble (born 1947), Professor of Politics, University of Sheffield and then University of Cambridge, Fellow of the British Academy
Francis Llewellyn Griffith (1862–1934), Egyptologist and pioneer of Nubian archaeology, first Professor of Egyptology, University of Oxford
George Bagshawe Harrison (1894–1991), Shakespearean scholar, Professor of English, Queen's University, Ontario and the University of Michigan, editor of the Penguin Shakespeare 1937–59, member of the Roman Catholic International Commission on English in the Liturgy
Sir Richard Jolly (born 1934), development economist, Assistant Secretary-General United Nations, Director Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex 1972–81
Ewart Mackintosh (1893–1917), First World War poet, MC
Michael Roberts (1908–1996), historian of Sweden, Professor of History at Queen's University Belfast, Fellow of the British Academy
Sir Sydney Roberts (1887–1966), Dr Johnson scholar, Master of Pembroke College, Cambridge, Secretary of Cambridge University Press and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge, Chairman British Film Institute
John Alfred Ryle (1889–1950), physician and Regius Professor of Physic, University of Cambridge 1935–45, physician to King George V
Gilbert Ryle (1900–1976), philosopher and Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy, University of Oxford, declined a knighthood in 1965
Ian Serraillier (1912–1994), novelist, children's writer and poet
Robert Skidelsky, Baron Skidelsky of Tilton (born 1939), Professor of Political Economy, University of Warwick, created a life peer (changed whip from SDP to Conservative to cross-bencher)
Leonard Strong (1896–1958), writer and poet, Director of Methuen Ltd
Architecture, building and engineering
Sir Francis Fox (1844–1927), civil engineer, responsible for Mersey Railway Tunnel and the Snowdon Mountain Railway, consultant engineer for the Simplon Tunnel, consultant engineer in the restoration of Exeter Cathedral, Lincoln Cathedral, Peterborough Cathedral, St Paul's Cathedral and Winchester Cathedral
Charles Fraser-Smith (1904–1992), missionary, farmer, creator of gadgets for SOE during World War II and as such the model for Q in Ian Fleming's James Bond stories
Sir Thomas Graham Jackson (1835–1924), architect and architectural historian, Master of the Art Workers' Guild 1896, RA
Business
Sir Hugo Cunliffe-Owen (1870–1947), civil engineer, Chairman of British American Tobacco
Cuthbert Heath (1859–1939), insurance pioneer at Lloyd's of London
Sir Arthur Pease, Bt. (1866–1927), coal magnate, Second Civil Lord of the Admiralty
David Quayle (1936–2010), co-founder of B&Q
Sir George Reeves-Smith (1863–1941), managing director of the Savoy Company
Community and philanthropy
Frederick Nicholas Charrington (1850–1936), Temperance worker and social reformer
Mervyn Cowie (1909–1996), conservationist, founding Director of the Kenya National Park Service
Alsager Hay Hill (1839–1906), social reformer on poor law and unemployment issues
Ken Stevens (1922–2005), chief executive The Scout Association
Entertainment, media and the arts
John Castle (born 1940), actor
Dave Clarke (born c.1969), techno producer and disc jockey
Tom Conway (1904–1967), actor
Peter Copley (born 1962), composer and cellist
Roland Curram (born c.1932) actor and novelist
Wilfrid de Glehn (1870–1951), impressionist painter, RA
Simon Dee (1935–2009) (real name Cyril Henty-Dodd), radio disk jockey and television presenter, Sixties celebrity and inspiration for Austin Powers
Rose Elinor Dougall (born 1986), musician, former member of The Pipettes
Tim Hadcock-Mackay, TV shows presenter
Christopher Hassall (1912–1963), writer and librettist
Tony Hawks (born c.1960), comedian and author
Gavin Henderson (born c.1947), Principal of Trinity College of Music and Chairman of Youth Music
McDonald Hobley (1917–1987), actor, TV and radio presenter, TV Personality of the Year 1954
Sir Michael Hordern (1911–1995), actor
Menhaj Huda (born 1967), film producer and director
Selwyn Image (1849–1930), designer, illustrator and poet, joint founder of the Century Guild, Master of the Art Workers' Guild 1900, Slade Professor at Oxford 1910 and 1913
Graham Kerr (born 1934), author, chef and television presenter, known as "The Galloping Gourmet"
Bruce Lester (1912–2008), actor
Miles Malleson (1888–1969), actor, playwright and scriptwriter
Peter Mayle (born 1939), writer. He has written that he loathed the school.
Tamzin Merchant (born 1987), actress
Leonard Merrick (1864–1939), writer
David Nash (born 1945), sculptor, RA
Laurie Penny (1986–present), journalist
Sir Edward Poynter (1836–1919), painter, art educator and President of the Royal Academy
George Sanders (1906–1972), actor. Won Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor 1950. He said in his biography that he hated the school.
Bijan Sheibani (born 1979), award-winning theatre director
Chris Terrill (born 1952) Anthropologist, adventurer and multi award-winning documentary maker including Royal Television Society award for Innovation for Soho Stories (1997), Emmy for Ape Trade (1992)
John Warner (1924–2001), actor
John Worsley (1919–2000), artist and illustrator, World War II official war artist and creator of Albert RN, President Royal Society of Marine Artists
Vera Filatova (born 1982), Actress
Dakota Blue Richards (born 1994), Actress
Chloé Zhao (born 1982), filmmaker, won Academy Award for Best Director 2021
Medicine and science
Leslie Collier (1920–2011), virologist, Director of the Lister Institute laboratories, Professor of Virology at the University of London 1966–88
Sir Ronald Hatton (1886–1965), horticulturist, Fellow of the Royal Society
John Alfred Ryle (1889–1950), physician and Regius Professor of Physic, University of Cambridge 1935–45, physician to King George V
Sir George Savage (1842–1921), psychiatrist
Military
Lieutenant-Colonel Leonard Berney (1920-2016), Bergen-Belsen concentration camp liberator
Alfred Carpenter (1847–1925), naval officer, commander Marine Survey of India, piloted the Burma Field Force up the River Irrawaddy in 1885 (awarded DSO), Albert Medal (Challenger Scientific Expedition)
Air Commodore Lionel Charlton (1879–1958), Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force officer, Air Attache Washington 1919–22, as Chief Air Staff Officer Iraq Command in 1924 he resigned in protest at the policy of policing by bombing civilian targets, in retirement a successful author of children's fiction, wrote a series of influential books on air defence 1935–38
Brigadier-General Frank Crozier (1879–1937), commander of the British Mission to Lithuania, 1919–20, commander of the Black and Tans, 1920–21, military author and co-founder of the Peace Pledge Union
Air Marshal Sir Humphrey Edwardes Jones (1905–1987), inaugural Commander-in-Chief, RAF Germany
Colonel Sir George Malcolm Fox (1843–1918), Inspector of Gymnasia and sword designer
Admiral Sir Herbert Heath (1861–1954), Rear-Admiral Commanding 2nd Cruiser Squadron at Jutland in 1916, Second Sea Lord
General Sir William Peyton (1866–1931), commanded Western Frontier Force against the Senussi 1916, Military Secretary to Sir Douglas Haig 1916–18, commanded 40th Infantry Division July 1918 – March 1919 in France and Flanders, Military Secretary to Secretary of State for War 1922–26, Commander-in-Chief Scottish Command 1926–30
General Sir Harry Prendergast (1834–1913), Victoria Cross, Indian Army soldier, commander of the Burma Field Force 1885–86
Major-General Sir Herbert Stewart (1843–1885), army staff officer, commanded the Desert Column to relieve Khartoum, mortally wounded at Abu Klea
General Sir Cecil Sugden (1903–1963), Quartermaster-General to the Forces and Master-General of the Ordnance
Lieutenant-General Sir Francis Tuker (1894–1967), Indian Army officer and military historian, commander 4th Indian Division, 1941–44
Politics, public service and the law
Robert Alexander, Baron Alexander of Weedon (1936–2005), barrister, banker, politician and Chancellor of the University of Exeter
Sir Edmund Barnard (1856–1930), Chairman of the Metropolitan Water Board, Chairman of Hertfordshire County Council, Liberal MP for Kidderminster, Cambridge polo blue
Sir Max Bemrose (1904–1986), Chairman of Bemrose Corporation, Chairman National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations, High Sheriff of Derbyshire
Keith Best (born 1949), lawyer and politician, Conservative MP for Anglesey and Ynys Mon 1979–87 (resigned and prosecuted for fraud), Director Prisoners Abroad 1989–93, chief executive Immigration Advisory Service, Chairman Conservative Action for Electoral Reform, Chairman of the Executive Committee World Federalist Movement
Andrew Cayley CMG QC FRSA (born 1964), barrister specialising in international criminal law, public international law and international arbitration. Formerly Senior Prosecuting Counsel at the ICTY and ICC and the UN International Chief Co-Prosecutor of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal in Cambodia and currently the United Kingdom's Director of Service Prosecutions.
Sir John Chilcot (1939–2021), Permanent Under-Secretary of State, Northern Ireland Office, 1990–97
Sir Henry John Stedman Cotton (1845–1915), Indian civil servant, Chief Commissioner of Assam, President of the Indian National Congress and Liberal MP for Nottingham East 1906–10
Eric Gandar Dower (1894–1987), air pioneer and Conservative MP for Caithness and Sutherland 1945–50
William Fuller-Maitland (1844–1932), cricketer and politician, Oxford blue, played for the MCC, the Gentlemen, I Zingari and Essex, Liberal MP for Breconshire 1875–95
Alan Green (1911–1991), Conservative MP for Preston South 1955–64 and 1970–74, Financial Secretary to the Treasury 1963–64
Sir Thomas Erskine Holland (1835–1926), Chichele Professor of International Law and Diplomacy, University of Oxford and legal historian
Francis Hughes-Hallett (1838–1903), soldier and politician, Colonel Royal Artillery, Conservative MP for Rochester 1885–89 (resigned in a sex scandal)
Sir Clement Kinloch-Cooke (1854–1944), barrister and politician, MP Devonport (Conservative) 1910–23 and Cardiff East (Unionist) 1924–29, created baronet
Augustus Margary (1846–1875), Chinese Consular Service officer and explorer in China
Sir Hubert Murray (1861–1940), Lieutenant-Governor of Papua New Guinea
Denzil Roberts Onslow (1839–1908), Conservative MP for Guildford 1874–85, played cricket for Cambridge University, Sussex and the MCC
Herbert Pike Pease, 1st Baron Daryngton (1867–1949), Liberal Unionist and then Unionist MP for Darlington, Assistant Postmaster-General, Privy Councillor and Ecclesiastical Commissioner
Charles Campbell Ross (1849–1920), banker and politician, Conservative MP for St Ives 1881–85
Sir Walter Shaw (1863–1937), judge, Chief Justice of the Straits Settlements
Arthur Wellesley Soames (1852–1934), Liberal MP for South Norfolk 1898–1918, son of the Brighton College founder William Aldwin Soames
George Hampden Whalley (1851–1917), Liberal MP for Peterborough 1880–83 resigned and declared bankrupt, imprisoned for theft, emigrated to Australia, and vanished
Religion
Timothy Bavin (born 1935), Anglican priest and Benedictine monk, Bishop of Johannesburg and then Portsmouth
John Neville Figgis (1866–1919), Anglican priest, member of the Community of the Resurrection, church historian, theologian and political theorist
Cecil Horsley (1906–1953), Anglican priest, Bishop of Colombo 1938–47 and then Gibraltar 1947–53
Wilfrid John Hudson (1904–1981), Anglican priest, Bishop of Carpentaria 1950–60 and then coadjutor Bishop of Brisbane 1960–73
Frederick Meyer (1847–1929), Baptist minister and evangelist, social reformer, President of the Baptist Union, dubbed "archbishop of the free churches"
Arthur Stretton Reeve (1907–1981), Cambridge rowing blue (1930) and Anglican priest, Bishop of Lichfield 1953–74
Sport
Gordon Belcher (1885–1915), cricketer (son of Thomas Belcher, headmaster of the College)
Tom Campbell Black (1899–1936), aviator, joint winner London-Melbourne Centenary Air Race 1934, awarded Britannia Trophy 1934
William Churchill (1840–1907), cricketer
Holly Colvin (born 1989), England cricketer
Maurice Conde-Williams (1885–1967), naval officer and cricketer, played for the Royal Navy and Devon
George Huth Cotterill (1868–1950), England footballer, Corinthian 1886–98, Cambridge football blue 1888–91, played cricket for Sussex 1886–90
Clare Connor (born 1976), England cricket captain
John Cressy-Hall (1843–1894), cricketer
Freya Davies (born 1995), England cricketer
Robert Dewing (1863–1934), cricketer
Harry Freeman (1887–1926), cricketer
Joe Gatting (born 1987), former footballer for Brighton and Hove Albion, current cricketer for Sussex
Leslie Gay (1871–1949), England footballer, England cricketer 1894–95, Cambridge blue, Hampshire and Somerset
Leslie Godfree (?–?), tennis player, won Men's Doubles at Wimbledon 1923 and Mixed Doubles 1926 (finalist 1924 and 1927)
Chris Grammer (born 1984), cricketer
Sam Grant (born 1995), cricketer
Duncan Hamilton (1920–1994), racing driver
John Hart (born 1982), Wasps rugby union player
Geoffrey Hett, (1909–88), fencer, Captain Cambridge University Fencing 1930, British Foil Team 1936 Olympics, author of a standard work on Fencing
Carl Hopkinson (born 1981), cricketer
Bazid Khan (born 1981), Pakistan cricketer
Alex King (born 1975), England and Wasps rugby union player
Richard Kirwan (1829–1872), cricketer
'Hopper' Levett (1908–1995), England, Kent and MCC cricketer (wicket-keeper)
Gordon Lyon (1905–1932), cricketer
Matt Machan (born 1991), Sussex cricketer
Laura Marsh (born 1986), England cricketer
Ralph Oliphant-Callum (born 1971), played first-class cricket for Oxford University
Denzil Roberts Onslow (1839–1908), played cricket for Cambridge University, Sussex and MCC, Conservative MP for Guildford 1874–85
Jonathan Palmer (born 1956), racing driver
Ollie Phillips (born 1982), England and Newcastle Falcons rugby union player
Matt Prior (born 1982), England cricketer
Malcolm Waller (born 1984) Zimbabwe Cricket player
George Colin Ratsey (1906–1984), sailmaker and sailor, silver medal 2-man Star class 1932 Olympics, Prince of Wales Cup winner (14 ft dinghies) 1939, Prince Philip Cup winner (Dragon class) 1959, in the crew for two British attempts at the America's Cup 1934 and 1958
Major Ritchie (1870–1955), tennis player, gold medal men's singles 1906 Olympics, silver medal men's doubles 1906 Olympics, bronze medal men's indoor singles 1906 Olympics, Wimbledon doubles champion 1906 and 1910, Irish singles champion 1907, German singles champion 1903–06 and 1910, British Davis Cup team 1910
Henry Soames (1843–1913) Hampshire cricketer, son of the Brighton College founder William Aldwin Soames
Kelvin Tatum (born 1964), British speedway captain
Sarah Taylor (born 1989), England cricketer
Claude Wilson (1858–1881), England footballer
Sammy Woods (1867–1931), Somerset cricketer, played cricket for both Australia and England; and England rugby player and captain
Jordan Turner-Hall (born 1988), England and Harlequins rugby union player
Harry Leonard (born 1992), Scotland and Rosslyn Park professional rugby union player
Ollie Richards (born 1992), England rugby union player
Ross Chisholm (born 1990), Harlequins professional rugby union player
James Chisholm (born 1995), Harlequins professional rugby union player
Todd Gleave (born 1995), Gloucester Rugby professional rugby union player
Charles Ward (1838–1892), cricketer
Calum Waters (born 1996), Harlequins professional rugby union player
Marcus Smith (born 1999), Harlequins professional rugby union player
Leonard Stileman-Gibbard (1856–1939), cricketer
Notable Brighton College staff
Grant Allen (1848–1899), novelist, author of The Woman Who Did (1896)
Thomas Belcher (1847–1919), cricketer and headmaster of Brighton College 1881–92
Rt Rev. Christopher Butler (1902–1986), Benedictine monk, Abbot of Downside Abbey 1946–66, Council Father at the Second Vatican Council, Auxiliary Bishop of Westminster
Bertie Corbett (1875–1967), played association football for Oxford, the Corinthians and England, played hockey for England, played cricket for Buckinghamshire and Derbyshire
Rt Rev. Henry Cotterill, Vice-Principal of Brighton College 1846–51, Principal of Brighton College 1851–56, Bishop of Grahamston, South Africa 1856–71, Coadjutor Bishop of Edinburgh 1871–72, Bishop of Edinburgh 1872–86
Rodney Fox, Headmaster of King Edward's School, Witley, Chairman of the Governors of Ryde School, Isle of Wight
Jack Hindmarsh (1927–2009), Professor at Trinity College of Music
Frank Harris (c. 1856–1931), notorious author, traveller, intriguer and fantasist
Walter Ledermann, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Sussex 1965–78
Professor George Long (1800–1879), classical scholar, inaugural Professor of Ancient Languages at the University of Virginia, inaugural Professor of Greek at University College London, Professor of Latin at University College London, co-founder and Honorary Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society
James Wainwright, Warden of Trinity College, Glenalmond
Frederick Madden (1839–1904), numismatist, Secretary and Bursar of Brighton College 1874–88. Chief Librarian, Brighton Public Library 1888–1902
References
External links
Brighton College
Brighton College Alumni
Brighton and Hove-related lists
Lists of people by English school affiliation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Old%20Brightonians
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Club Deportivo Vista Hermosa are a Salvadoran professional football club based in San Francisco Gotera, Morazán. The club currently plays in the Tercera División Salvadorean.
The team known as the Los Correcaminos ("Roadrunners") are one of three team to win the Primera division in their very first season.
They were the first team from the Morazán department to represent in the CONCACAF and FIFA international competitions. The team's initial home stadium was the Estadio Luis Amílcar Moreno in San Francisco Gotera, Morazán. In 2009, the club moved to the Estadio Correcaminos.
Honours
Domestic honours
Leagues
Primera División Salvadorean and predecessors
Champions (1) : Apertura 2005
Segunda División Salvadorean and predecessors
Champions (1) : 2004 – 2005
Tercera División Salvadorean and predecessors
Champions (2) : N/A
Play-off winner (2):
La Asociación Departamental de Fútbol Aficionado' and predecessors (4th tier)'
Champions (1): ADFA Morazon Apertura 2023
History
Third division
C.D. Vista Hermosa was founded on 17 April 1999, by José Gilberto Flores (Paquito Flores). The club's first president was José Gilberto Montoya. He retired for health reasons on 28 December 2000. Pedro Hernandez became the next president who was supported by the club's staff and supporters.
When Hernandez became president, the club was in the third division of Salvadoran soccer. The team was contending for a place in the finals game but lost to Gerardo Barrios University, three points to two. In light of the club's good performance in the third division, Francisco Benitez made an offer to purchase the club for 5,000 Salvadoran colon, approximately 560.85 US dollars. The offer was rejected as being too low. However, in the following season, the club performed poorly and finances were mismanaged. Lacking patrons and sponsors, the club was left in debt to an amount of two billion colon. The club was relegated to the fourth division. On 1 December 2001, Benitez purchased the club for 3,000 colon and became the new president.
A payment of 2,000 colon by Benitez in December 2003 secured the club a place in the second division in the 20032004 season.
Second division
The team won its first match in the second division league of 2004 2005. There was much competition in the second division league to advance to the first division with computerised scores scrutinized in detail by the teams and judges.
In the first round of games, Group A drew Fuerte San Francisco, Juventud Independiente, Telecom and Inca Súper Flat. Group B drew Vista Hermosa, C.D. Dragón, C.D. Chalatenango and Independiente Nacional 1906. In the second round, Group A drew Fuerte San Francisco, C.D. Dragón, Independiente Nacional 1906, and Telecom. Group B drew Vista Hermosa, C.D. Chalatenango, Juventud Independiente, and Inca Súper Flat.
In semi-final 1 the competitors were Vista Hermosa and Telecom. Vista Hermosa won 3 points to 2 and after penalties were considered, won four points to three. In semi-final 2, Independiente Nacional 1906 defeated Juventud Independiente, six points to one.
In the final, Vista Hermos played Independiente Nacional 1906. For Vista Hermos, José Mario Martínez was a key player and the team won five points to four. René Domingo Alvarez was effective in the overtime.
The players for Vista Hermosa were: González, Sánchez, Torres, Chinchilla, Romero, Campos, Quiñónez, Portillo, Márquez, Ávila, and Mosquera. The substituting players were Álvarez (31), Sosa (46) and Hernández (104). the players for Independiente Nacional 1906 (Coca-Cola) were Trinidad, González, Martínez, González, Granado, González, Escalante, Alvarado, Montes, and Ramirez. The substituting players were Alfaro (46), Pérez (60) and Pasadi (65).
Data:
Herbert Marquez, time goal 36, 39, 86,
Eider Mosquera, time goal 59,
René Domingo Alvarez, time goal 119,
Elías "Chilena" Montes, time goal 21, 24, 82,
Ramirez, time goal 43.
First division
The team was the youngest to win both the second and first division competitions since 1974. At this time, the club created the Correcaminos (roadrunners) brand dedicated to assisting disadvantaged youth.
The team finished second on the Apertura 2005 series table with ten wins, seven losses and one draw. In the semi-finals, the team defeated C.D. Luis Ángel Firpo. In the final, the team played A.D. Isidro Metapán, a strong side that was the favourite. During the season, Metapan had allowed only 13 goals against them in 18 games and had strong players such as Dago Portillo (keeper), William Reyes, Guillermo Rivera and William Osorio. Their strong offensive teams included Barroche-Mosquera and Luis Chicho Elder Figueroa and Torres.
Vista Hermosa's championship squad included Manuel González, Giovanny Romero, Luis Torres (Colombia), Juan Carlos Chinchilla, René Domingo Álvarez, José Eduardo Campos, Elder Figueroa (Colombia), Manfredi Portillo, Herbert Márquez, Patricio Gómez Barroche (Argentina), Cristian Gil Mosquera (Colombia), Mario Deras, Pablo Hernández, Nelson Flores, Danilo Martinez, Mario Chévez Rene Escobar, Marlon Avila, Carlos Aparicio, Alfonso Perla, and René Domingo Álvarez. The coach was Mario Martinez (El Salvador).
No goals were scored by either team in the official 90 minutes of the game. The game may have been decided on penalties but then Mario Deras entered (121) and scored (181). When Mario Deras scored twice in extra time, Vista Hermosa won the championship. This was the club's only title in the first division. The club produced players who went on to play in the El Salvador national team. They included Salvador Coreas, Leonel Guevara, and Osael Romero.
Vista Hermosa finished the 2006 2007 season in ninth place with 44 points and entered a repechage. It was played against Juventud Independiente in two parts. In the first game at San Juan Opico, Vista Hermosa won five points to two. In the first half, Patricio Barroche scored the first goal, Manfredi Portillo the second, Gil Mosquera the third and Patricio Barroche again the fourth. Luis Torres scored to make the score five points to nil. In the second half, the Juventud Independiente player, Carlos "Nene" Escalante scored at 53 minutes and 70 minutes. In the second game of the repechage at Estadio Municipal Luis Amilcar Moreno, Vista Hermosa's home grounds, the club defeated Juventud Independiente two points to nil. Gil Mosquera and Patricio Barroche scored one goal each for Vista Hermosa.
In the 2006 Clausura series, Patricio Barroche was the player with the most goals (14).
In the 2007 Clausura series, Vista Hermosa came first in the table with 44 points. The team then defeated Juventud Independiente five points to nil and two points to nil to remain in the first division. The team played an extra game against C. D. Luis Angel Firpo to define the fourth placed semi-finalist. Firpo won three points to nil. In the 2007 Apertura series, Vista Hermosa reached the semi-finals but was defeated three points to nil by Firpo.
In the 2008 Clausura series, the team came fourth on the table and entered the semi-finals but was defeated by Firpo. In the 2008 Apertura series, missed out on the semi-finals by one point lost to C. D. Chalatenango.
In the 2009 Clausura series, the team finished seventh on the table. Nico Muñoz was named as the player with the most goals (10). In the 2009 Apertura series, Vista Hermosa again entered a repechage. The team played Metapan who won one point to nil. Nico Muñoz was named the player with the most goals (11).
In the 2010 Clausura series, the tem lost in the semi-finals to Aguila. In the 2010 Apertura series, the team reached sixth place in the table.
Decline and Hiatus
During the 2011 season, the club suffered financial hardships which caused them to lose ownership of their new stadium. Three members of the owner consortium were accused of drug trafficking. The team's performance fell and after seven seasons, the club was relegated. Following this, the city of Nueva Guadalupe invested in the team, which adjusted its name to "Club Deportivo Vista Hermosa Guadalupe" for the 2012–13 Segunda División de Fútbol Salvadoreño season, based in San Miguel.
However, after one season, the mayor of Nueva Guadalupe purchased the license outright, broke all links to the original Vista Hermosa, and started a new club in Nuevo Guadalpue called C.D. Guadalupano. Vista Hermosa ceased to exist after 12 years of existence, 11 of which were played in La Primera.
C.D. Guadalupano first competed in the 2013–14 Segunda División de Fútbol Salvadoreño, but also ceased operation, in 2015.
Club rebirth
On February 26, 2017, it was announced that the new team will carry the CD Vista Hermosa name and carry on the Vista Hermosa legacy. They currently play in Liga Media/ADFA Morazan.
Table of results (2005 2012)Apertura 2005 – Clausura 2012''
International games
Team coaches
Sponsorship
Top goalscorers
note: Number three all time team Vista Hermosa goal scorer Osael Romero left the team in 2010. A few months later, at the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup Group A, he participated in a match fixing scheme while playing with the El Salvador national team during a 5–0 loss Mexico; the scheme was not discovered until 2013, when Romero (and 13 others) were banned for life.
References
1999 establishments in El Salvador
Association football clubs established in 1999
Association football clubs disestablished in 2013
Vista Hermosa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.D.%20Vista%20Hermosa
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KJTL (channel 18) is a television station licensed to Wichita Falls, Texas, United States, serving as the Fox affiliate for the western Texoma area. It is owned by locally based Mission Broadcasting as its flagship station; Mission maintains joint sales and shared services agreements (JSA/SSA) with Nexstar Media Group, owner of NBC affiliate KFDX-TV (channel 3) and low-power MyNetworkTV affiliate KJBO-LD (channel 35), for the provision of certain services. The three stations share studios near Seymour Highway (US 277) and Turtle Creek Road in Wichita Falls; KJTL's transmitter is located near East 1940 and North 2380 Roads in rural southwestern Tillman County, Oklahoma (near Grandfield).
History
Early history
The UHF channel 18 allocation in the Wichita Falls–Lawton market was contested between two groups that competed for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s approval of a construction permit to build and license to operate a new commercial independent television station on the frequency.
On March 17, 1982, First City Media, Inc.—a locally based company co-founded by Max Andrews and Peter D'Acosta—filed the initial application for the channel 18 license. Just under 1½ months later, on April 30, Thornberry TV Ltd.—an Atlanta-based company owned by William J. Barbin (who owned 36% of the company), Bert Wallace and Janet T. Lee (who each owned 18%), and David Vaughan (who owned the remaining 28%)—filed a separate application. The FCC granted the permit to Thornberry on November 28, 1983. In August 1984, Thornberry was granted use of KJTL as the planned station's callsign, named for minority owner Janet T. Lee.
The station first signed on the air on May 14, 1985, as the fourth commercial television station—after CBS affiliate KAUZ-TV (channel 6, which signed on as KWFT-TV on March 1, 1953), ABC affiliate KSWO-TV (channel 7, which signed on the air on March 8, 1953), and KFDX-TV (channel 3, which signed on April 12, 1953)—and the first commercial UHF outlet to sign on in the Wichita Falls–Lawton market. KJTL originally operated from studio facilities located on Call Field Road in Wichita Falls; the station based its transmitter facilities near Grandfield, Oklahoma, adjacent to the tower operated by KSWO-TV, to provide a signal that could adequately reach most of southwestern Oklahoma and western north Texas. Channel 18 initially maintained a programming inventory typical of an independent station, consisting of first-run and off-network sitcoms and drama series, classic off-network westerns, feature films and cartoons.
In August 1986, Thornberry TV Ltd. transferred ownership of KJTL to Wichita Falls Television, a locally based company owned by D'Acosta, who also served as general manager of channel 18. KJTL became a charter affiliate of the Fox Broadcasting Company when the network inaugurated programming on October 9, 1986. Though it was technically a network affiliate, KJTL continued to be programmed as a de facto independent station as Fox's initial programming lineup consisted solely of a late-night talk show, The Late Show Starring Joan Rivers. Even after its programming expanded with the launch of a three-hour Sunday night lineup in April 1987, Fox aired its prime time programming exclusively on weekends until September 1989, when it began a five-year expansion towards a nightly prime time schedule. Until Fox began airing prime time programs on all seven nights of the week in January 1993, KJTL continued to air a movie at 7:00 p.m. on nights when the network did not offer any programming.
On May 11, 1989, Wichita Falls Television announced it would sell the station to Wichita Falls-based BSP Broadcasting (which was principally owned by local businessman and eventual Texas House Representative Lanham Lyne) for $1.587 million; the sale was approved by the FCC on June 29 of that year. (The group—which was later renamed Epic Broadcasting Corporation in 1992—would acquire an additional television property in January 1991, when it purchased fellow Fox affiliate KCIT in Amarillo, Texas from Ralph C. Wilson Industries for $2.4 million.) D'Acosta was subsequently appointed as Epic Broadcasting president, a role he would retain after Epic sold its television stations to Wicks Broadcast Group. In the fall of 1993, channel 18 gained a sister station when Epic Broadcasting acquired low-power independent station K35BO (channel 35, now MyNetworkTV affiliate KJBO-LD).
KJTL switched to a 24-hour programming schedule in September 1994, after previously having signed off during the overnight hours each day; a simulcast of now-defunct cable channel MOR Music TV initially filled the former downtime until September 1997, when channel 18 switched to offering home shopping programming from the America's Collectibles Network (now Jewelry Television) during the early morning hours. In May 1995, Epic announced it would sell KJTL and K35BO as well as the Amarillo duopoly of fellow Fox affiliate KCIT and low-powered K65GD (now MyNetworkTV affiliate KCPN-LD) to New York City-based Wicks Broadcast Group—then a primarily radio-based broadcasting division of private equity firm The Wicks Group, which intended the purchases to be a stepping stone to build a group of middle-market television stations complementary to its nine existing radio properties—for $14 million; the sale was finalized on August 31, 1995.
JSA/SSA with KFDX
On January 6, 1999, Wicks sold the station to Bexley, Ohio-based Mission Broadcasting for $15.5 million. The acquisition of KJTL and KJBO was among the first station acquisitions for Mission (part of a four-station transaction that also involved the purchases of KCIT and KCPN-LP); developed as an arm of its creditor Bastet Broadcasting, the group had formed partnerships with the Nexstar Broadcasting Group and Quorum Broadcasting to operate many of Mission's stations in markets that did not have enough television stations to allow a legal duopoly between two commercial outlets. In the Wichita Falls–Lawton market, Nexstar had been the owner of KFDX-TV since January 1998, when the Irving, Texas-based company acquired the NBC affiliate from U.S. Broadcast Group as part of a $64-million, three-station deal. Nexstar took over the operations of KJTL and KJBO on June 1, 1999, under joint sales and shared services agreements with Mission, under which KFDX would handle news production, engineering, security and certain other services as well as handling advertising sales for the two stations. KJTL and KJBO subsequently vacated their shared facility on Call Field Road and relocated its operations southeast to KFDX's studio facility on Seymour Highway and Turtle Creek Road.
In September 2002, KJTL changed its on-air branding to "Fox Texoma," in an effort to de-emphasize its Channel 18 broadcast allocation in part because many Texoma area residents viewed the station on cable television (most area cable providers, including Fidelity Communications in Lawton and Charter Spectrum in Wichita Falls, carry KJTL on channel 11). The station's branding was modified to "Texoma's Fox" in September 2011.
Subchannel history
On June 15, 2016, Nexstar Broadcasting Group announced that it had entered into an agreement with Katz Broadcasting to affiliate 81 stations owned and/or operated by the group—including KJTL and KFDX-TV—with one or more of Katz's four digital multicast networks, Escape (now Ion Mystery), Laff, Grit and Bounce TV (the latter of which is owned by Bounce Media LLC, whose COO Jonathan Katz serves as president/CEO of Katz Broadcasting). As part of the agreement, on September 1 of that year, KJTL launched three digital subchannels to serve as affiliates of three of the Katz networks: the station began carrying Grit on virtual channel 18.2, Bounce TV on channel 18.3 and Escape on channel 18.4 (the Laff affiliation rights for the Wichita Falls-Lawton market instead went to KFDX, which launched a tertiary subchannel on the same date).
Programming
Syndicated programs broadcast on KJTL () include Rachael Ray, The Kelly Clarkson Show, Divorce Court, Modern Family, and The Big Bang Theory, among others.
Sports programming
Since September 1994, KJTL has served as the television partner of the Dallas Cowboys for the Wichita Falls-Lawton market. Channel 18 currently holds the local rights to air various team-related programs during the regular season (including the Cowboys Postgame Show, Special Edition with Jerry Jones and the head coach's weekly analysis program The Jason Garrett Show, along with specials such as the Making of the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders Calendar and postseason team reviews). Most Cowboys telecasts carried on KJTL are those carried by Fox, which through the network's contract with the National Football League (NFL), holds primary broadcast rights to the National Football Conference (NFC). In addition to carrying Fox-televised games involving in-conference opponents, since 2014, Cowboys games carried on the station also include certain cross-flexed games against opponents in the American Football Conference (AFC) that were originally scheduled to air on CBS. Most Cowboys preseason games not televised by Fox or by other broadcast or cable networks are carried over-the-air locally on sister station KJBO-LP through the Mission Broadcasting duopoly's agreement with the team's syndication service.
Newscasts
, KFDX-TV produces five hours of locally produced newscasts each week for KJTL (with one hour on weekdays); KJTL does not carry any local news programming on Saturday and Sunday evenings, opting to air syndicated programming following the Fox prime time lineup on those nights. As the duopoly partner of KFDX-TV, the station may also simulcast long-form severe weather coverage in the event that a tornado warning is issued for any county in its viewing area of southwestern Oklahoma and western north Texas.
Following its sale to Mission Broadcasting and the formation of the SSA between the two stations, in the summer of 1999, KJTL entered into a news share agreement with NBC affiliate KFDX-TV to produce a local newscast for channel 18. On September 20, 1999, KFDX began producing a half-hour newscast at 9:00 p.m. for KJTL, titled Fox 18 News at 9:00, which became the first local prime time newscast to debut in the market. The program originated from a secondary news set at the KFDX/KJTL/KJBO studios on Seymour Highway in Wichita Falls. The broadcast was eventually cancelled due to poor ratings, with the last edition airing on December 31, 2001.
After a four-year sabbatical, KFDX resumed production of a prime time newscast for channel 18, which made its debut on September 17, 2007. Originally titled Fox: Texoma's News at 9:00 (later retitled Texoma's Fox News at 9:00 in September 2011), the half-hour show—which also originates from a secondary set at KFDX/KJTL/KJBO's facility—has aired only on Monday through Friday evenings since its debut. (Syndicated programs air in the 9:00 timeslot on Saturday and Sunday nights.) The KFDX-produced program originally competed against a prime time newscast produced by CBS affiliate KAUZ-TV for its CW-affiliated DT2 feed that debuted in September 2006; it gained an additional competitor when ABC affiliate KSWO-TV debuted a newscast for its Live Well Network–affiliated DT3 subchannel (now a MeTV affiliate) in September 2012. Both newscasts were eventually discontinued, with KSWO cancelling its 9:00 show in December 2014 and KAUZ discontinuing the newscast it produced for its "Texoma CW" subchannel on July 21, 2017.
In July 2012, KFDX began broadcasting its local newscasts in high definition, becoming the market's second Big Three network affiliate (after KSWO-TV) to upgrade its newscasts to the format; KJTL's prime time show was included in the upgrade. In September 2014, KJTL launched a half-hour weekday morning newscast at 8:00 a.m. (airing one hour later than morning newscasts that air on other Fox stations that do not maintain autonomous news departments). Debuting under the title Texoma's Fox: Morning Edition, the program features the same team that anchors KFDX's conventional morning newscast, KFDX 3 News Today. At that time, the station also began airing a rebroadcast of KFDX's agricultural news and cultural affairs program Texoma Country Morning as a lead-in to the morning newscast.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Translators
KJTL operates four UHF digital translators, which relay the station's signal to portions of southwestern Oklahoma and western north Texas that are not covered by the main channel 18 signal.
Hollis, OK
Altus, OK
Quanah, TX
Quanah, TX
Analog-to-digital conversion
KJTL shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 18, on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 15. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 18.
References
External links
- Official website for KJTL, KFDX-TV and KJBO-LD
Fox network affiliates
Grit (TV network) affiliates
Bounce TV affiliates
Ion Mystery affiliates
JTL
Television channels and stations established in 1985
1985 establishments in Texas
Nexstar Media Group
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KJTL
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Queensland state schools are government-funded primary schools throughout Queensland, Australia that provide universal free education from Prep to Year 6 (Primary schools). Queensland state schools are funded by the Department of Education. In some rural communities, state schools can provide education up to year 10, roughly until students are 16 years old.
Queensland state high schools, or Queensland public high schools, are Queensland Government-run secondary schools (or high schools) that are part of the Australian education system.
State education system
Queensland has an extensive state education system, which are free to attend and open to all residents, funded by the Queensland Government Department of Education. Although the basic education of the students is free, fees may be levied for extra goods and services such as text books, school photos and magazines. In cases of financial hardship, it is often possible to have additional fees waived or subsidised by the government or by community donations. All students in Australia are legally required to study at a registered institution until they are 16 years old, normally until they finish year 10.
The system consists of primary schools (see below), high schools, special schools (catering to the needs of those with physical and intellectual handicaps severe enough to preclude mainstreaming) and the Correspondence/Remote support service.
The Queensland system of State Schools grew out of the National Schools program, the first of which in Queensland was established in 1850 in Warwick, funded by the Government of New South Wales. Other national schools such as that at Drayton soon followed. After Queensland was declared independent of New South Wales in 1859, it assumed responsibility for Schools. In 1870, State Schools became free, and with the Education Act of 1875, provided for free and compulsory education in State schools for all Queenslanders.
In 2013, around 250 public schools have registered as independent public schools, giving them greater autonomy on how they operate.
Discipline
In April 2013, Queensland education minister John-Paul Langbroek announced that school principals will be given the right to send unruly students to Saturday detention, in a bid to reduce bad behaviour across Queensland's state schools.
Primary schools
Primary schools tend to be more numerous and smaller than high schools in the Queensland State education system. Primary schools rely strongly on the support and fundraising of their Parents and Citizens (P&C) Associations.
Primary schools in the Queensland education system are normally named Suburb/Locality/Town/District State School. Unlike some other schooling systems, state schools in Queensland are normally not (re)named to commemorate significant individuals or historic events.
High schools
The schools cater for students from Year 7 to Year 12 (or some smaller range within this).
Naming of schools
Secondary schools in the Education Queensland system are normally named Town/District State High School, and often referred to by their acronym e.g. TSHS. Unlike some other schooling systems, State High Schools in Queensland are normally not (re)named to commemorate significant individuals or historic events. A few schools (e.g. Bundamba State Secondary College) have adopted other styles of names. Some schools have been renamed from Town SHS to District SHS, this sometimes occurs when smaller schools in a district are closed, and rural school bus services to the major centre provided instead.
Variations
In some rural areas, small local State High Schools cater only to years 8 to 10, with students continuing to Year 12 busing to a larger centre for their final two years. There have also been a few schools, usually in extremely remote areas, that provide Years 1 to 10 (Hightop Primary Schools), with those wishing to complete Senior usually moving to a larger centre to complete their schooling.
A very small number of State High Schools offer or have offered either dormitories or out-boarding placements, however the majority of boarding schools in Queensland are religiously affiliated, mostly Anglican, Lutheran or Catholic schools.
In recent years, some new schools have been built with a clear division between the Junior (years 8 & 9) and Senior (years 10 - 12) facilities, with the Junior sub-campus referred to as the Middle School.
Completion
The Queensland Certificate of Education is a certificate of completion given to students at the end of Year 12. It is considered a minimum qualification for most employment. A certificate was historically given at the conclusion of grade 10, known as the Junior Certificate, while the final certificate received at the conclusion of grade 12 was the Senior Certificate. It is now Queensland Government policy that student must remain in education, training, or work, until they are 17. This requirement has become known as the earning or learning policy.
Under the previous system, apprenticeships and other post (junior) secondary employment and training options, coupled with compulsory attendance only until age 15 saw many students leave to enter the workforce before completing the Junior Certificate. Changes to employment conditions, compulsory education requirements and other factors have seen most students now completing junior and attending through to senior certificate level. Now all students must achieve either a Queensland Certificate of Education or be working full-time.
This system has only recently been applied and so the last group of Year 12s to receive the traditional Senior Certificate were those who graduated at the end of 2007. Following this year all students receive a Senior Statement, showing all subjects and results achieved and eligible students will also receive a Queensland Certificate of Education. Students can keep working towards their QCE for up to nine years.
See also
Education in Australia
History of state education in Queensland
List of schools in Queensland
References
External links
Education Queensland
Schools Directory
A chronology of education in Queensland
Education in Queensland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland%20state%20schools
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This is a list of wars of independence (also called liberation wars). These wars may or may not have been successful in achieving a goal of independence.
List
See also
Lists of active separatist movements
List of civil wars
List of ongoing armed conflicts
National liberation
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20wars%20of%20independence
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City and East is a constituency represented in the London Assembly. Created in 2000 it is represented by Unmesh Desai, of the Labour Party.
Previously, it was represented by John Biggs until 2016.
Boundaries
It consists of the combined area of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, the City of London, the London Borough of Newham, and the London Borough of Tower Hamlets.
Assembly Members
Mayoral election results
Below are the results for the candidate which received the highest share of the popular vote in the constituency at each mayoral election.
Overlapping constituencies
The City and East Assembly constituency comprises all of the following UK Parliament constituencies:
Barking (Labour)
Bethnal Green and Bow (Labour)
East Ham (Labour)
Poplar and Limehouse (Labour)
West Ham (Labour)
It also includes parts of the following constituencies:
Cities of London and Westminster (Conservative)
Dagenham and Rainham (Labour)
Assembly election results
References
London Assembly constituencies
Politics of the City of London
Politics of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham
Politics of the London Borough of Newham
Politics of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
2000 establishments in England
Constituencies established in 2000
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20and%20East%20%28London%20Assembly%20constituency%29
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Cheddi Jagan International Airport , formerly Timehri International Airport, is the primary airport of Guyana. The airport is located on the right bank of the Demerara River in the city of Timehri, south of Guyana's capital, Georgetown. It is the larger of the two international airports serving Georgetown with the other airport being the Eugene F. Correia International Airport.
History
The United States obtained rights to locate military facilities in British Guiana as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement with the United Kingdom in 1941. On 14 June 1941, the first United States Army forces arrived to survey land for a bomber airfield near Georgetown.
Atkinson Field was built 28 miles (45 km) from Georgetown on of land formerly known as Hyde Park, on the Demerara River. The forest was cleared and hills were levelled and a long concrete runway was constructed. On 20 June 1941, the airfield officially opened with the activation of a weather station. The station was named after Lieutenant Colonel Bert M. Atkinson, a United States Army Air Service World War I aviator. Colonel Atkinson was the commander of the 1st Pursuit Wing on the western front in 1918. Colonel Atkinson retired from the Army in 1922 after a distinguished career and died on 27 April 1937.
The mission of the station was the defense of the colony against German U-boats. The airfield was also a major staging point for American aircraft crossing the Atlantic Ocean heading to the European Theatre on the South Atlantic transport route. Aircraft supplied to the British forces by the United States were flown to Atkinson where they were turned over and ferried to North Africa. With the discovery of bauxite deposits in northeast Brazil in 1943, the mission of the airfield was expanded to protect the coastline of northeast South America and prevent any submarine landings by Axis forces on the continent.
United States Army Air Forces 430th Bombardment Squadron 9th Bombardment Group was assigned to Atkinson field from 4 November 1941 to 31 October 1942 flying anti-submarine sorties in Douglas B-18 bombers. The 430th was replaced by a detachment of the 35th Bombardment Squadron (25th Bombardment Group) from 1 November 1942 to 7 October 1943. After the detection of U-boat activity was taken over by the United States Navy, the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron (344th Reconnaissance Group) was assigned to the airfield during 1944 and 1945 flying the F-10 photo-recon version of the B-25 Mitchell bomber on various mapping missions.
At the end of the war, Atkinson Field was reduced in scope to a skeleton staff. The facility was opened for all air travel, including commercial air flights on 1 October 1946. The same year, British West Indian Airways (BWIA, now Caribbean Airlines) was operating nonstop passenger service to Port of Spain, Trinidad. The military airfield was designated Atkinson Air Force Base on 26 March 1948 by Department of the Air Force General Order Number 10. The base was ordered closed on 31 July 1949 due to budgetary cutbacks. The final military cadre was 3 officers and 25 enlisted men upon closure, and the base was officially turned over to British authorities on 1 August 1949.
A modern terminal building was built and opened on 15 March 1952. When the new building was ravaged by fire on 5 August 1959 the old terminal building was renovated and used again until the destroyed building was replaced.
The airport had jet service in 1961 when Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) was operating Boeing 707 flights with a weekly round trip routing of Paramaribo - Georgetown - Port of Spain - Barbados - New York City. At this same time, Pan Am was also operating weekly Douglas DC-6 propliner service on a routing of Belém - Cayenne - Paramaribo - Georgetown - Port of Spain - Caracas - Curacao - Port Au Prince - Miami. Also in 1961, British West Indian Airways (BWIA) was operating all flights from the airport with Vickers Viscount turboprop aircraft with nonstop service to Port of Spain with direct one stop service to Barbados. BWIA then introduced jet service with Boeing 727-100 aircraft during the mid 1960s and by 1966 was operating all of its passenger service into the airport with the 727 on nonstop flights to Port of Spain and also to Paramaribo in addition to all-cargo flights nonstop to Port of Spain and direct to Miami operated with Douglas DC-4 prop aircraft.
The lease of the facility by the United States was formally terminated on 26 May 1966 (Guyana's Independence Day). Because the lease was terminated 74 years before its end date, a new agreement was reached giving certain specified rights to the United States in relation to the air base for the next 17 years.
In 1965 and 1968 additions were made to the airport facilities. Also in 1968, British West Indian Airways (BWIA) was operating direct, no change of plane Boeing 727-100 jet service to New York City via JFK Airport via intermediate stops in Port of Spain and Barbados. On 1 May 1969, the Atkinson Aerodrome was renamed the Timehri International Airport – "Timehri" is a Carib word for rock motifs located deep in the Guyana hinterland that pre-date the arrival of Europeans in the New World. The airport featured murals employing Amerindian motifs by Guyanese painter Aubrey Williams. In 1971, BWIA was operating daily nonstop service to Port of Spain from the airport with Boeing 707 jetliners. By 1973, ALM Antillean Airlines was operating Douglas DC-9 jet service on a routing of Paramaribo - Georgetown - Port of Spain - Curacao - Kingston - Miami three times a week according to the Official Airline Guide (OAG). Air France was serving the airport in 1977 with round trip service flown twice weekly on a Pointe-a-Pitre - Fort-de-France - Port of Spain - Georgetown - Paramaribo - Cayenne routing operated with a Boeing 737-200. Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) was serving the airport in 1980 with daily one stop Boeing 707 jet service to New York JFK Airport via an intermediate stop in Port of Spain. In 1981, Guy-America Airways was operating nonstop Boeing 707 jet service between New York JFK Airport and Guyana three days a week.
In 1983, according to the Official Airline Guide (OAG), four airlines were operating scheduled passenger air service at the airport: ALM Antillean Airlines, Arrow Air, British West Indies Airways (BWIA, formerly British West Indian Airways) and Guyana Airways. At this time, ALM was operating McDonnell Douglas MD-80 jet service nonstop to Port of Spain, Trinidad, with one stop direct MD-80 flights to Curacao, U.S.-based Arrow Air was flying nonstop Boeing 707 jet service to JFK Airport in New York City, BWIA was operating nonstop McDonnell Douglas DC-9-50 jet flights to Port of Spain and locally based Guyana Airways was flying Boeing 707 nonstop service to Barbados, Miami, New York JFK Airport, Paramaribo, Suriname and Port of Spain. The OAG also lists local and regional flights operated by Guyana Airways with Hawker Siddeley 748 and de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter turboprop aircraft at this time. Guyana Airways had earlier operated Boeing 737-200 jet service from the airport in 1981 with nonstop flights to Barbados, Miami, Paramaribo and Port of Spain. By 1989, two airlines were operating nonstop flights between the airport and New York JFK: Guyana Airways with three Boeing 707 flights a week and Tropical Airways flying stretched Super Douglas DC-8 jets twice a week. In 1993, Guyana Airways was operating nonstop Boeing 757-200 flights from GEO to New York JFK Airport three days a week while BWIA and Leisure Air were operating direct one stop flights from New York JFK Airport, BWIA with McDonnell Douglas MD-80 jets five days a week via an intermediate stop in Antigua and Leisure Air with Airbus A320 jets once a week via an intermediate stop in St. Lucia. In 1995 Barbados-based Carib Express was operating British Aerospace BAe 146-100 jet service to destinations in the Caribbean.
In March 1997, following the death of President Dr. Cheddi Jagan, then-President Samuel Hinds decided to rename the airport the Cheddi Jagan International Airport. The proposition to rename the airport was proposed in the Parliament (National Assembly) by the Minister of Amerindian Affairs, Vibert De Souza, who noted that it would be a fitting tribute to a man who had spent his life committed to the betterment of Amerindian people and fighting for the freedom and unity of all Guyanese. A plaque bearing the new name was unveiled on 21 May 1997 by the Prime Minister, Janet Jagan.
The Cheddi Jagan International Airport underwent a 150 million dollar modernization and expansion. The runway was extended to about 10,500 feet and the expansion provided a new arrivals terminal building with eight boarding bridges, elevators and CCTV. This was completed in December 2018. However, the check-in facility opened at the same time. In March 2023, British Airways commenced service to London's Gatwick Airport via Saint Lucia aboard a Boeing 777.
Facilities
The airport sits at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has two asphalt paved runways: 06/24 measuring and 11/29 measuring . The terminal has six ground level gates and four boarding bridges.
Airlines and destinations
Passenger
Cargo
Accidents and incidents
On 30 July 2011, Caribbean Airlines Flight 523 overran a runway in rainy weather while landing at Cheddi Jagan International Airport and went through a chain-link perimeter fence. The aircraft, a Boeing 737-800, broke in two just behind the first class cabin. There were no fatalities, although at least two passengers suffered broken legs and many others suffered lacerations and other injuries. Caribbean Airlines confirmed that 157 passengers and 6 crew members were on board the aircraft at the time.
On 9 November 2018, Fly Jamaica Airways Flight 256, bound for Toronto, overshot the runway when making an emergency landing for technical issues in the Boeing 757's hydraulics. This caused significant damage to the aircraft and one passenger fatality. The airliner involved, B757-200 registration N524AT was deemed beyond economical repair and written-off.
References
External links
Cheddi Jagan International Airport, official site
Airports in Guyana
Airports established in 1941
Demerara-Mahaica
Destroyers for Bases Agreement airfields
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command on the South Atlantic Route
Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces
1941 establishments in British Guiana
World War II sites in British Guiana
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheddi%20Jagan%20International%20Airport
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The Anglo-Aro War (1901–1902) was a conflict between the Aro Confederacy in present-day Eastern Nigeria, and the British Empire. The war began after increasing tension between Aro leaders and the British after years of failed negotiations.
Cause of the war
The Aro Confederacy, whose powers extended across Eastern Nigeria and beyond, was challenged in the last decades of the 19th century by increasing British colonial penetration of the hinterland. The Aro people and their allies resisted the British penetration due to a combination of factors, included economic, political and religious concerns.
Reasons for the war advanced by Sir Ralph Moor, the British High Commissioner of the Nigerian Coast Protectorate, included:
According to American scholar Jeffrey Ian Ross, the Aro peoples usage of divinatory practices in shrines dedicated to the god Ibin Ukpabi was a critical element in their slavery practises, which was one of the factors that led to the outbreak of the Anglo-Aro War.
Aro opposition
The Aros had long opposed British colonial penetration in the hinterland, with such opposition being motivated in part by economic concern. They also opposed the efforts of British missionaries to introduce Christianity, which threatened their religious influence through their oracle Ibini Ukpabi. The Aro led raids and invasions on communities were conducted in order to undermine British colonial penetration since the 1890s. While the British prepared for the invasion of Arochukwu in November 1901, the Aro launched their last major offensive before the Aro Expedition by British forces. Aro forces led by Okoro Toti sacked Obegu (a British ally) which resulted in 400 people dying. This attack quickened British preparation for their offensive.
Aro expedition
Sir Ralph Moor and the Royal Niger Company had planned the attack on the Aros and the Ibini Ukpabi oracle since September 1899 but due to lack of necessary manpower, it was delayed until November 1901. On November 28, Lt. Col. Arthur Forbes Montanaro led 87 officers, 1,550 soldiers and 2,100 carriers in four axes of advance to Arochukwu from Oguta, Akwete, Unwana and Itu on a counter-insurgency campaign. As expected, Aro forces resisted all axes strongly, although they lacked modern weapons. However, Arochukwu was captured on December 28 after four days of fierce battles in and around the city. As a result, the Ibini Ukpabi shrine was allegedly blown up. Battles between British and Aro forces continued throughout the region until spring 1902 when Aro forces were defeated in the last major battle at Bende. The Aro Expedition ended three weeks later.
Result of the war
Some of the Aro leaders, like Okoro Toti, were arrested, tried by tribunals, and hanged. The power hitherto held by the Aro Confederacy quickly evaporated and Eze Kanu Okoro (king of Arochukwu), went into hiding but was later arrested. Although Aro dominance crumbled in March 1902, many Aros took part in guerilla campaigns against the British in the region such as in Afikpo (1902–1903), Ezza (1905), and other areas where the Aro had a particularly significant presence. The defeat of the Aro did help the British to open up the interior, but serious opposition to British colonial penetration in Igboland clearly did not end with the Anglo-Aro War. In the years that followed, the British had to deal with many other conflicts and wars in various parts of Igboland such as the Nri Conflict (1905–1911), Ekumeku War (1883–1914), Igbo Women's War (1929), etc.
Major battles
Battles in the Oguta/Owerri area (November 1901)
Battles of Esu Itu (December 1901)
Battles of Arochukwu (December 1901)
Battle of Edimma (January 1902)
Battle of Ikotobo (January 1902)
Battle of Ikorodaka (February 1902)
Battle of Bende (March 1902)
References
External links
Conflicts in 1901
Conflicts in 1902
Wars involving the Aro Confederacy
Wars involving Igboland
Aros
Military history of the British Empire
History of Nigeria
Wars involving the United Kingdom
20th-century military history of the United Kingdom
Colonial Nigeria
1901 in Africa
1902 in Africa
1900s in Nigeria
1901 in Nigeria
1902 in Nigeria
African resistance to colonialism
Abolitionism
Anti-slavery military operations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Aro%20War
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Gary E. Schwartz is an American psychologist, author, parapsychologist and professor at the University of Arizona and the director of its Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health. Schwartz researches the veracity of mediums and energy healing.
Biography
Schwartz received his PhD from Harvard University and was a professor of psychiatry and psychology at Yale University as well as Director of the Yale Psychophysiology Center and co-director of the Yale Behavioral Medicine Clinic from 1976 to 1988. Currently, he is Professor of Psychology, Medicine, Neurology, Psychiatry, and Surgery and the Director of the Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health in the Department of Psychology at the University of Arizona.
Schwartz says that his initial interest in psychic ability stemmed from a car accident he had with his then wife while driving on the FDR highway in Manhattan. The car was reportedly stopped on the roadway when he "heard a voice" tell him to "put his seat belt on." He told his wife to do so, and moments later, said they were rear ended by a car going 50 MPH. He claims that having his life saved by a mysterious voice prompted him to begin his research into where that voice might have come from.
In his early career, Schwartz wrote on biofeedback research and health psychology. Schwartz's more recent research has been in parapsychology and consciousness-based healthcare. His VERITAS research project, which concluded in 2008, was created primarily to test the hypothesis that the consciousness (or identity) of a person survives physical death. Schwartz performed experiments at the University of Arizona testing mediums such as John Edward, of the TV show Crossing Over, and Allison DuBois, who inspired the TV series Medium. Schwartz believes that DuBois could contact dead people. Schwartz says his experiments with DuBois included a reading for proponent of alternative medicine Deepak Chopra following the death of his father that Chopra characterized as 77% accurate.
Gary Schwartz is viewed as a leader of counter-Establishment using his academic career to enable “the happy fantasies of pseudoscience and the paranormal.” Among his hundreds of academic papers is a 3-part series entitled “God, Synchronicity, and Postmaterialist Psychology” published in the journal Spirituality in Clinical Practice by the American Psychological Association, where Schwartz describes eleven coincidences that he found so “increasingly improbable,” he figured God must have been signaling him that souls of dead people collaborate with the divine to orchestrate personally meaningful synchronicities.
Controversies
On Fox News on the Geraldo at Large show, October 6, 2007, Geraldo Rivera alleged Schwartz had overstepped his position as a university researcher by requesting money from a bereaved father to fund research into mediumship.
Schwartz's methods have prompted criticism from skeptics such as University of Oregon professor Ray Hyman, who says Professor Schwartz's research deviates from the accepted norms of scientific methodology, and criticizes Schwartz for research errors such as inappropriate statistical tests and using subjects predisposed to believe in psychic abilities. Skeptic Robert Todd Carroll maintains that Schwartz's evaluation of mediums is subjective and a product of "wishful thinking." When retired stage magician and skeptic James Randi asked the University of Arizona to submit Schwartz's research data to an independent panel for evaluation, Schwartz declined because he thought that the panel, which he believed would be picked by Randi, would be biased.
Books
Gary E. Schwartz and John Edward (Foreword), "The Sacred Promise: How Science Is Discovering Spirit's Collaboration with Us in Our Daily Lives," (Atria Books/Beyond Words) (January 11, 2011)
Gary E. Schwartz, William L. Simon and Richard Carmona, "The Energy Healing Experiments: Science Reveals Our Natural Power to Heal," Atria Books (August 7, 2007)
Gary E. Schwartz and William L. Simon, "The G.O.D. Experiments: How Science Is Discovering God In Everything, Including Us," Atria (April 4, 2006)
Gary E. Schwartz and William L. Simon, "The Truth About Medium: Extraordinary Experiments with the real Allison DuBois of NBC's Medium and other Remarkable Psychics," Hampton Roads Publishing Company (October 2005)
Gary E. Schwartz, William L. Simon, and Deepak Chopra (Foreword). The Afterlife Experiments (Mar 1, 2002)
Gary E. Schwartz, Ph.D. and Linda G. S. Russek, "Living Energy Universe: A Fundamental Discovery that Transforms Science and Medicine," Hampton Roads Publishing Company (1999)
Paul M. Lehrer (Editor), Robert L. Woolfolk (Editor), Gary E. Schwartz "Principles and Practice of Stress Management," (The Guilford Press; 2 Sub edition, January 29, 1993)
Richard J. Davidson (Editor), Gary E. Schwartz (Editor), David Shapiro, "Consciousness and Self-Regulation, Advances in Research and Theory Volumes 1 through 4," Plenum Press (April 30, 1986)
References
External links
The SOPHIA Research Program University of Arizona. Archived at Wayback Engine. The SOPHIA Project was conducted under the direction of Gary E. Schwartz, PhD in the Laboratory for Advances in Consciousness and Health.
"How Not to Test Mediums: Critiquing the Afterlife Experiments", a critique by Ray Hyman of Gary Schwartz' research from The Skeptical Inquirer, Volume 27.1, January / February 2003, Retrieved 6 June 2013
"Follow Up: How Not to Review Mediumship Research", Gary Schwartz' response to the above critique from The Skeptical Inquirer (May 2003)
"Follow Up Reply: Hyman's Reply to Schwartz's 'How Not to Review Mediumship Research'", Ray Hyman's response to the above critique of his critique from The Skeptical Inquirer (May 2003)
Gary Schwartz's Subjective Evaluation of Mediums: Veritas or Wishful Thinking? by Robert Todd Carroll (April 2006)
Gary Schwartz and Intelligent Design by Robert Todd Carroll (May 2006)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American parapsychologists
21st-century American psychologists
Harvard University alumni
University of Arizona faculty
American male writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Schwartz
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Black mold or black mould may refer to:
Black mold (Stachybotrys chartarum), common in water-damaged buildings
Black mold (Aspergillus niger), the most common species of the genus Aspergillus
Black bread mold (Rhizopus stolonifer), a widely distributed thread-like mucoralean mold commonly found on bread surfaces
Black Mold, the alias used by Canadian musician Chad VanGaalen for his 2009 album Snow Blindness Is Crystal Antz
"Black Mold", the debut single from the Jon Spencer Blues Explosion's 2012 album Meat + Bone
Black Mold (film), a 2023 American psychological horror thriller film
Black Mould, a comic series in the Rivers of London universe
See also
Mold (fungus)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20mold
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was an admiral and Chief of Staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.
Biography
Early life and career
Born in Yonago, Tottori prefecture, Fukudome graduated from the 40th class of the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy in 1913, ranked 8 out of 144 cadets. As a midshipman, he served on the cruisers Soya and Izumo and battleship Satsuma. After his promotion to ensign, he was assigned to the battleship Hizen and cruiser Kashima.
After attending torpedo school and naval artillery school, he served on the patrol boat Manshu, followed by the cruiser Chitose and was promoted to lieutenant in 1918. After attending navigational training, he was assigned as chief navigator to the destroyer Sakura, and cruiser Niitaka. He was then appointed executive officer on the oiler Kamoi, on its voyage to the United States from 1921–1922. After his return to Japan, he was assigned a number of staff positions. He then graduated from the Naval War College with honors in 1924, and was promoted to lieutenant commander. After a tour as chief navigator on the cruiser Iwate, he joined the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff and was promoted to commander in 1929. He continued to hold a number of staff positions through the 1930s. He was promoted to captain in 1933, and was captain of the battleship Nagato from 1938–1939. He was promoted to rear admiral on 15 November 1939.
Pacific War
Fukudome was first assigned to the Combined Fleet in 1940 to April 1941 (where he conducted aerial torpedo exercises with Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto in early 1940 in contemplation of the proposed attack on Pearl Harbor), which was then under discussion. After his promotion to vice admiral in 1942, he again served as Chief of Staff under Admiral Yamamoto's successor Admiral Mineichi Koga from May 1943 to March 1944,
On 31 March 1944, while traveling by air from Palau to deliver plans for the Japanese counterattack in defense of the Marianas Islands (code named "Z plan") to Japanese headquarters at Davao near British North Borneo, Fukudome became the first flag officer in Japanese history to be captured by the enemy (Filipino guerrillas commanded by Lieutenant Colonel James M. Cushing) after his plane crash landed in a typhoon near Cebu. (Admiral Mineichi Koga, who had been traveling in a separate plane, was killed the same night). He was released to stop civilian reprisals that were killing Filipinos and burning dozens of villages as the Japanese searched for the Admiral and the documents, but the battle plans fell into the American hands.
After Koga's death in March 1944, Fukudome became commander-in-chief of the 1st Combined Base Air Force and 2nd Air Fleet, based in the Kyūshū-Okinawa-Formosa district. He later noted that this appointment was out of convenience, arguing that since he had no experience with naval aviation, his assignment to a newly formed air unit must be because of the immediate need for an officer of flag rank. On 10 October 1944, the headquarters of the 2nd Air Fleet moved from Katori in Chiba Prefecture to Taiwan; at the same time as the headquarters move, the 200 Imperial Japanese Army aircraft present in Taiwan were assigned to him to bolster his 100-aircraft fleet, with additional reinforcements coming in later in smaller quantities over time.
In late October 1944, because of the heavy losses of Japanese air units in the Philippines, Fukudome's responsibility was expanded to cover the Philippines as well. He moved his headquarters to Manila on 22 October. Another 450 aircraft reached Clark Field over the next two days to join the approximately 100 aircraft that were already there under Vice Admiral Takijirō Ōnishi, who became his chief of staff.
In January 1945, the 2nd Air Fleet was dissolved and merged with the 1st Air Fleet. With the merger of the two air fleets in the Philippines, Fukudome was transferred to Singapore to command the IJN 10th Area Fleet, which at the time consisted mainly of the 13th Air Fleet with 450 aircraft (mostly trainers) and the IJN 1st Southern Expeditionary Fleet (2 operational cruisers and other smaller ships). He arrived in Singapore and took over command on 16 January 1945, and remained in this role until the end of the war. Because of the American control of air and sea after the Philippines campaign, he was effectively stranded in Singapore without the ability to affect the outcome of the war in a significant way.
After the war, Fukudome was interrogated in Tokyo between 9–12 December 1945 by Rear Admiral Ralph A. Ofstie of the United States Navy. In addition to the cooperative interrogation with the Americans, Fukudome was also entrusted by the British to take charge of repatriating Japanese nationals from the Singapore area. Once the task of repatriation was accomplished, Fukudome was arrested at the instigation of American prosecutors and accused of war crimes; he was tried by a military tribunal in Singapore in connection with the execution of two downed American airmen during his tenure in Singapore, and found guilty of negligence in the performance of his duties.
Following his release in 1950, Fukudome became a member of a 12-man commission to advise the Japanese government on the organization of the Japanese Self-Defense Force before his death in 1971. His grave is at the Tama Cemetery in Fuchu, outside of Tokyo.
Notable positions held
Equipping Officer, CVS Kamoi – 1 December 1921 – 12 September 1922
Chief Navigator, CVS Kamoi – 12 September 1922 – 10 December 1922
Staff Officer, 1st Fleet – 8 January 1924 – 15 October 1924
Staff Officer, Combined Fleet – 8 January 1924 – 15 October 1924
Staff Officer, Combined Fleet – 16 November 1933 – 15 November 1934
Staff Officer, 1st Fleet – 16 November 1933 – 15 November 1934
Vice-Chief-of-Staff, China Area Fleet – 25 April 1938 – 15 December 1938
Staff Officer, 3rd Fleet – 25 April 1938 – 15 December 1938
Commanding Officer, Nagato – 15 December 1938 – 5 November 1939
Chief-of-Staff, 1st Fleet – 15 November 1939 – 10 April 1941
Chief-of-Staff, Combined Fleet – 1942 – 31 March 1944
Commander-in-Chief, 2nd Air Fleet – 15 June 1944 – 8 January 1945
Commander-in-Chief, 13th Air Fleet – 13 January 1945 – 15 August 1945
Dates of Promotions
Midshipman – 17 July 1912
Ensign – 1 December 1913
Sublieutenant – 13 December 1915
Lieutenant – 1 December 1918
Lieutenant Commander – 1 December 1924
Commander – 30 November 1929
Captain – 15 November 1933
Rear Admiral – 15 November 1939
Vice Admiral – 1 November 1942
Portrayal in films
Fukudome was one of the characters that appeared in the 1970 American/Japanese war film Tora! Tora! Tora!, where he was portrayed by the Japanese actor Koji Kawamura.
References
Notes
Books
Barreveld, Dirk Jan (2015). Cushing's Coup, Casemate Publ.
External links
1891 births
1971 deaths
Military personnel from Tottori Prefecture
Japanese admirals of World War II
Japanese people convicted of war crimes
Prisoners and detainees of the British military
People from Yonago, Tottori
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The Scottish League Championship (Formerly Scottish Premiership Division Three) is the third tier of Scotland's national rugby union league system, and therefore part of the Scottish League Championship.
Between 1973 and 2012 the league was the lowest division in the Scottish Premiership and as such was a nationwide league with the best teams being promoted to Scottish Premiership Division Two and the bottom teams relegated to Scottish National League Division One.
Beginning in the 2012–13 season the SRU have regionalised the third tier of the Scottish League Championship, replacing the 12 team nationwide league with two 10 team 'East' and 'West' Championships.
Division Three, 2011-2012
Ardrossan Academicals RFC
Cartha Queens Park RFC
Dalziel RFC
Dumfries RFC
Greenock Wanderers RFC
Glasgow Hutchesons Aloysians RFC
Haddington RFC
Howe of Fife RFC
Kirkcaldy RFC
Lasswade RFC
Morgan Academy RFC
Perthshire RFC
Details:
Past winners
Kilmarnock RFC
Highland RFC
Haddington
Preston Lodge
Leith Academicals
Glasgow Academicals
Haddington
Ayr
Aberdeen GSFP
Musselburgh
Corstorphine
Currie
Langholm RFC
Kirkcaldy
Dundee HSFP
Peebles
Grangemouth Stags
Haddington
Gordonians RFC
Ayr
Kirkcaldy
Selkirk
Peebles
Edinburgh Academicals
Murrayfield Wanderers
Dundee HSFP
Edinburgh Academicals
Cartha Queens Park
Hamilton
Haddington
Hamilton
Kirkcaldy
Hillhead/Jordanhill
Whitecraigs
Howe of Fife RFC
References
4
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish%20Premiership%20Division%20Three
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KJBO-LD (channel 35) is a low-power television station in Wichita Falls, Texas, United States, affiliated with MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside NBC affiliate KFDX-TV (channel 3); Nexstar also provides certain services Fox affiliate KJTL (channel 18) under joint sales and shared services agreements (JSA/SSA) with Mission Broadcasting. The three stations share studios near Seymour Highway (US 277) and Turtle Creek Road in Wichita Falls; KJBO-LD's transmitter is located near Arrowhead Drive and Onaway Trail (near Seymour Highway) southwest of the city.
Although KJBO-LD broadcasts a digital signal of its own, due to its low-power status, the station's broadcasting radius does not reach the entire Wichita Falls–Lawton market. Therefore, KJBO-LD is simulcast on KFDX-TV's second digital subchannel (channel 3.2)—which also transmits from the Seymour Highway facility—in order to reach Lawton and surrounding areas of southwestern Oklahoma and northwest Texas not covered by the channel 35 signal. Ever since its inception, the KFDX-DT2 simulcast of KJBO-LP/LD had been presented in 480i standard definition, with most programs (including the MyNetworkTV prime time schedule) airing in letterboxed 4:3; however, sometime in 2020, it was upgraded to 1080i high definition.
History
Early history
The station first signed on the air on October 4, 1988, as K35BO, which originally operated as an independent station. In 1993, the station was acquired by the Epic Broadcasting Corporation, a transaction which made it the sister station to Fox affiliate KJTL (channel 18).
UPN affiliation; JSA/SSA with KFDX-TV
On January 16, 1995, channel 35 became a charter affiliate of the United Paramount Network (UPN), which was created as a partnership between Paramount Television and Chris-Craft/United Television. Outside of UPN prime time programming, the station otherwise continued to maintain a general entertainment programming format. Alongside UPN prime time programming, channel 35 initially carried some recent off-network sitcoms and drama series, movies on weekend afternoons and evenings, children's programming, and some first-run syndicated shows.
In May 1995, Epic announced it would sell KJTL and K35BO as well as the Amarillo duopoly of fellow Fox affiliate KCIT and low-powered K65GD (now MyNetworkTV affiliate KCPN-LD) to New York City–based Wicks Broadcast Group – then a primarily radio-based broadcasting division of private equity firm The Wicks Group, which intended the purchases to be a stepping stone to build a group of middle-market television stations complementary to its nine existing radio properties – for $14 million; the sale was finalized on August 31, 1995. In 1996, the station adopted a conventional callsign as KJBO-LP.
On January 6, 1999, Wicks sold the station to Bexley, Ohio–based Mission Broadcasting for $15.5 million. The acquisition of KJTL and KJBO was among the first station acquisitions for Mission (part of a four-station transaction that also involved the purchases of KCIT and KCPN-LP); developed as an arm of its creditor Bastet Broadcasting, the group had formed partnerships with the Nexstar Broadcasting Group and Quorum Broadcasting to operate many of Mission's stations in markets that did not have enough television stations to allow a legal duopoly between two commercial outlets. In the Wichita Falls–Lawton market, Nexstar had been the owner of KFDX-TV since January 1998, when the Irving, Texas–based company acquired the NBC affiliate from U.S. Broadcast Group as part of a $64-million, three-station deal. KJTL and KJBO subsequently vacated their shared facility on Call Field Road and relocated its operations southeast to KFDX's studio facility on Seymour Highway and Turtle Creek Road.
Nexstar took over the operations of KJTL and KJBO on June 1, 1999, under joint sales and shared services agreements with Mission, under which KFDX would handle news production, engineering, security and certain other services as well as handling advertising sales for the two stations. KJTL and KJBO subsequently vacated their shared facility on Call Field Road and relocated its operations southeast to KFDX's studio facility on Seymour Highway and Turtle Creek Road.
As a MyNetworkTV affiliate
On January 24, 2006, the respective parent companies of UPN and The WB, CBS Corporation and the Warner Bros. Entertainment division of Time Warner, announced that they would dissolve the two networks to create The CW Television Network, a joint venture between the two media companies that initially featured programs from its two predecessor networks as well as new series specifically produced for The CW. Subsequently, on February 22, 2006, News Corporation announced the launch of MyNetworkTV, a network operated by Fox Television Stations and its syndication division Twentieth Television that was created to primarily to provide network programming to UPN and WB stations that The CW decided against affiliating based on their local viewership standing in comparison to the outlet that The CW ultimately chose as its charter outlets, giving these stations another option besides converting to a general entertainment independent format. On March 30, in a joint announcement by the network and Nexstar Broadcasting Group/Mission Broadcasting, KJBO-LP was confirmed as MyNetworkTV's charter affiliate for the Wichita Falls-Lawton market. KJBO remained a UPN affiliate until September 4, 2006, with the network's Sunday late-night repeat block as the final UPN offering to be carried on the station. Channel 35 officially joined MyNetworkTV upon that network's launch on September 5, at which point KJBO changed its branding to "MyTV KJBO".
As a result of the network changes, "KWB", a cable-only affiliate of The WB (through its small-market network feed, The WB 100+ Station Group) available in the market on systems such as Fidelity Cablevision in Lawton and Time Warner Cable in Wichita Falls, was expected to affiliate with The CW; however, as a result of a deal between the network and Hoak Media that was announced on April 10, 2006, the CW affiliation instead went to CBS affiliate KAUZ-TV (channel 6)—which launched a digital subchannel affiliated with the network's small-market feed, The CW Plus, when the network debuted on September 17, assuming the operations of "KWB".
On March 26, 2021, the station flash-cut to digital and became KJBO-LD.
In July 2021, Nexstar exercised its option to acquire KJBO-LD outright from Mission. The transaction was completed on October 1.
References
External links
MyNetworkTV affiliates
JBO
JBO-LD
Television channels and stations established in 1988
1988 establishments in Texas
Nexstar Media Group
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KJBO-LD
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Dave Tatsuno (born Masaharu Tatsuno August 18, 1913 – January 26, 2006, in California) was a Japanese American businessman who documented life in his family's internment camp during World War II. His footage was later compiled into the film Topaz (named for the Topaz War Relocation Center where he was confined). The film was placed in the National Film Registry, part of the Library of Congress, in 1997.
Tatsuno was a 1936 graduate of the University of California, Berkeley. After graduation, he went to work at Nichi Bei Bussan, a San Francisco department store his father established in 1902. At Topaz, Tatsuno was put in charge of the camp's co-operative store. Upon Tatsuno's release from Topaz in 1945, he reopened his store but moved his family to San Jose in 1948 after his 7-year-old son died during a routine tonsillectomy. Besides being a prominent civic leader, he spent most of his post-war years running Nichi Bei Bussan and had opened a second one in San Jose after relocating his family there. The San Jose store is run by one of his daughters while San Francisco store closed in 1997 after the death of his brother Masateru "Tut".
Tatsuno was predeceased by his wife Alice (died in 2005; née Okada), whom he married in 1938, and a son. He was survived by their five other children, four grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.
See also
Japanese American internment
References
External links
Photograph of the Tatsuno family in the Topaz camp.
Photograph of Dave Tatsuno preparing to evacuate to the Topaz camp.
"American Topics: Rare Look at Internment Camp", The International Herald Tribune, January 27, 1997.
1913 births
2006 deaths
American people of Japanese descent
Businesspeople from San Francisco
Japanese-American internees
University of California, Berkeley alumni
20th-century American businesspeople
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The concept of Seven Archangels is found in some works of early Jewish literature and in Christianity. In those texts, they are referenced as the angels who serve God directly.
The Catholic Church venerates seven archangels: in the Latin Christianity three are invoked by name (Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael) while the Eastern Catholic Churches name seven. Lutheranism and Anglicanism's traditions generally recognize three to five archangels: Michael and Gabriel, as well as Raphael, Uriel and Jerahmeel.
In parts of Oriental Orthodox Christianity and Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Eight Archangels may be honoured, including Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, as well as Salathiel, Jegudiel, Barachiel and Jeremiel (in the Coptic tradition the latter four are named as Surael, Sakakael, Sarathael and Ananael). The Eight Archangels are commemorated on the Feast of the Archangels.
Bible
The term archangel itself is not found in the Hebrew Bible or the Christian Old Testament, and in the Greek New Testament the term archangel only occurs in 1 Thessalonians 4 () and the Epistle of Jude (), where it is used of Michael, who in Daniel 10 () is called 'one of the chief princes,' and 'the great prince'. In the Septuagint, this is rendered "the great angel."
The idea of seven archangels is most explicitly stated in the deuterocanonical/apocryphal Book of Tobit when Raphael reveals himself, declaring: "I am Raphael, one of the seven angels who stand in the glorious presence of the Lord, ready to serve him." () The other two angels mentioned by name in the Bibles used by Catholics and Protestants are the archangel Michael and the angel Gabriel; Uriel is named in 2 Esdras (4:1 and 5:20) and Jerahmeel is named in 2 Esdras 4:36, a book that is regarded as canonical by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the Georgian and Russian Orthodox Churches, and falls within the Apocrypha section of the Protestant Bible used by Lutherans and Anglicans. The names of other archangels come from tradition.
tells about "seven rejoices" that are "the eyes of the Lord,
Which scan to and from throughout the whole earth." Revelation 8 () mentions seven angels ()
who "stand before God, and to them were given seven trumpets." Similarly, Revelation 16 () indicates: "and I heard a loud voice from the temple saying to the seven angels (): Go and pour out the seven bowls of the wrath of God into the earth." Lastly, Revelation 4 and Revelation 5 () mention "seven Spirits" (
, ta hepta Pneumata, with the capital letter) -whose identity is not well specified- who are the "seven lamps of fire [that] were burning before the throne".
1 Enoch
One such tradition of archangels comes from the Old Testament biblical apocrypha, the third century BCE Book of the Watchers, known as 1 Enoch or the Book of Enoch, eventually merged into the Enochic Pentateuch. This narrative is affiliated with the Book of Giants, which also references the great archangels and was made part of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church's scriptural canon. Although prevalent in Jewish and early Christian apostolic traditions and the early Christian Fathers, the Book of Enoch gradually fell from academic and religious status, and by the seventh century was rejected from the canonical scriptures of all other Christian denominations. The various surviving oral traditions recounted many differing lists of archangels.
The names entered Jewish tradition during the Babylonian captivity (605 BCE). Babylonian folklore and cosmology, and early Mesopotamian beliefs under the dualistic influence of Zoroastrianism, centered around anthropomorphic and zoomorphic representations of stars, planets, and constellations, including the four sons of the Sky Father carrying the Winged Sun, the throne of Wisdom. First the prophet Daniel, then authors such as Ezekiel hebraized this mythology, equating the Babylonian constellations with abstract forms held to be "sons of the gods", angels of the Lord of Israel, and heavenly animal cherubim. The 2 BC Book of the Parables (Ch XL) names the four angels accompanying the Ancient of Days, standing before the Lord of Spirits, "the voices of those upon the four sides magnifying the Lord of Glory": Michael, Raphael, Gabriel, and Phanuel.
The Book of the Watchers (Ch IX) lists the angels who in antediluvian times interceded on behalf of mankind against the rogue spirits termed "the Watchers": Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Uriel.
Christian traditions
The earliest specific Christian references are in the late 5th to early 6th century: Pseudo-Dionysius gives them as Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Camael, Jophiel, and Zadkiel. In Western Christian traditions, Michael, Gabriel and Raphael are referred to as archangels. Through its Byzantine tradition, however, the Catholic Church recognizes seven archangels altogether, sometimes named, sometimes unnamed other than the three mentioned above. The most mainstream Muslim view affirms Michael and Gabriel.
Lists of characters referred to as "angels" also exist in smaller religious traditions usually regarded as occultist or superstitious. A reference to seven archangels appeared in an 8th or 9th-century talisman attributed to Auriolus, a "servant of God" in north-western Spain. He issues a prayer to "all you patriarchs Michael, Gabriel, Cecitiel, Uriel, Raphael, Ananiel, Marmoniel.
Archangels in current church traditions
In the Catholic Church, three archangels are mentioned by name in its Biblical canon: Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael. Raphael appears in the deuterocanonical Book of Tobit, where he is described as "one of the seven angels who stand ready and enter before the glory of the lord of spirits", a phrase recalled in . Three Popes rejected to authorize veneration of the purported names of the Seven Archangels within the Roman Catholic Church: Pope Leo XII (1826–1828), Pope Pius VIII (1830) and Pope Gregory XVI (1831-1832). The Directory on popular piety and the Liturgy (2001) at n. 217 states that "the practice of assigning names to the Holy Angels should be discouraged, except in the case of Gabriel, Raphael and Michael whose names are contained in Holy Scripture."
Some Eastern Orthodox Churches, exemplified in the Orthodox Slavonic Bible (Ostrog Bible, Elizabeth Bible, and later consequently Russian Synodal Bible), recognize as authoritative also 2 Esdras, which mentions Uriel and Jerahmeel. 2 Esdras is contained in the Apocrypha section of the Bible in both the Lutheran Churches and the Anglican Communion, which is the reason that Lutherans and Anglicans often name a fourth archangel, Uriel, as well as a fifth archangel Jerahmeel, in addition to Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael.
The Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches of the Byzantine tradition venerate seven to eight archangels. Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Selaphiel (Salathiel), Jegudiel (Jehudiel), Barachiel, and the eighth, Jerahmeel (Jeremiel) (The Synaxis of the Chief of the Heavenly Hosts, Archangel Michael and the Other Heavenly Bodiless Powers: Feast Day: November 8).
As well as Michael, Gabriel, Raphael and Uriel, the Book of Enoch, regarded as canonical by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, mentions (in chapter 20) Raguel, Saraqâêl, and Remiel; however, apocryphal sources give instead the names Izidkiel, Hanael, and Kepharel. Within the Oriental Orthodox Christian denominations, the Ethiopian Orthodox tradition names seven Archangels as Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Raguel, Phanuel, and Remiel; in the Coptic Orthodox tradition the seven to eight archangels are named as Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, Suriel, Zadkiel, Sarathiel, and Ananiel, as well as often Sakakael.
In the Lutheran, as well as the Anglican and Episcopal traditions, there are three to five archangels in the calendar for September 29, the feast of St Michael and All Angels (also called Michaelmas), namely Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, and often also Uriel and Jerahmeel.
Other traditions
Other names derived from pseudepigrapha are Selaphiel, Jegudiel, and Raguel.
In Ismailism, there are seven cherubim, comparable to the Seven Archangels ordered to bow down before Qadar, of whom Iblis refuses.
In Yazidism, there are seven archangels, named Jabra'il, Mika'il, Rafa'il (Israfil), Dadra'il, Azrail, Shamkil (Shemna'il), and Azazil, who are emanations from God entrusted with care of the creation.
Various occult systems associate each archangel with one of the traditional "seven luminaries" (classical planets visible to the naked eye): the Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn; but there is disagreement as to which archangel corresponds to which body.
According to Rudolf Steiner, four archangels govern the seasons: spring is Raphael, summer is Uriel, autumn is Michael, and winter is Gabriel.
According to occultist Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, the Seven Archangels were a form of syncretism between different religions: they were the Chaldeans great gods, the Seven Sabian Gods, the seven Hinduist Manus and Seven Rashi, as well as the Seven Seats (Thrones) and Virtues of the Kabbalists.
In the early Gnostic text On the Origin of the World, the aeon named Sophia sends seven archangels to rescue the Archon Sabaoth and bring him to the eighth heaven.
See also
Angels of the Presence
Chakra
Classical planet
List of angels in theology
List of Mesopotamian deities#Seven planetary deities
Seven churches of Asia
Seven Factors of Awakening
References
Further reading
Barker, Margaret (2004). An Extraordinary Gathering of Angels. M Q Publications.
Barker, Margaret (1992). The Great Angel: A Study of Israel's Second God. London: SPCK; Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox Press.
Barker, Margaret (2005) [1998]. The Lost Prophet: The Book of Enoch and Its Influence on Christianity. London: SPCK; Sheffield Phoenix Press.
Nibley, Hugh (1986). Enoch the Prophet. Salt Lake City, UT: Deseret Book.
Septets
Archangels
Christian terminology
Groups of Roman Catholic saints
Yazidi mythology
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Mudskippers are any of the 23 extant species of amphibious fish from the subfamily Oxudercinae of the goby family Oxudercidae. They are known for their unusual body shapes, preferences for semiaquatic habitats, limited terrestrial locomotion and jumping, and the ability to survive prolonged periods of time both in and out of water.
Mudskippers can grow up to long, and most are a brownish green colour that ranges anywhere from dark to light. During mating seasons, the males will also develop brightly coloured spots in order to attract females, which can be red, green or blue. Unlike other fish, the mudskipper's eyes protrude from the top of its flat head. Their most noticeable feature however is their side pectoral fins that are located more forward and under their elongated body. These fins are jointed and function similarly to limbs, which allow the mudskipper to crawl from place to place. Although having the typical body form of any other gobiid fish, these front fins allow the mudskipper to actively "skip" across muddy surfaces (hence the common name) and even climb low-hanging tree branches and scrubs. Mudskippers have also been found to be able to leap distances of up to by laterally flexing and pushing with its tail.
Taxonomy
Oxudercinae is sometimes classified within the family Gobiidae (gobies). Recent molecular studies do not support this classification, as oxudercine gobies appear to be paraphyletic relative to amblyopine gobies (Gobiidae: Amblyopinae), thus being included in a distinct "Periophthalmus lineage", together with amblyopines. Mudskippers can be defined as oxudercine gobies that are "fully terrestrial for some portion of the daily cycle" (character 24 in Murdy, 1989). This would define the species of the genera Boleophthalmus, Periophthalmodon, Periophthalmus, and Scartelaos as "mudskippers". However, field observations of Zappa confluentus suggest that this monotypic genus should be included in the definition.
Behaviour
Mudskippers typically live in burrows in intertidal habitats, and exhibit unique adaptations to this environment that are not found in most intertidal fishes, which typically survive the retreat of the tide by hiding under wet seaweed or in tide pools. These burrows are most often characterised by their smooth and vaulted ceilings. The way the males dig these burrows has been found to be directly linked to their ability to survive submerged in almost anoxic water. It has also been found to play a crucial role in the development of the eggs within the burrow. Mudskippers are quite active when out of water, feeding and interacting with one another, for example, to defend their territories and court potential partners. Once the male has completed digging his burrow he will resurface and will begin attempting to attract a female through assorted yet typical displays. These displays consist of body undulations, different postures and energetic movements. Once the female has made her choice she will then proceed to follow the male into the burrow where she will lay hundreds of eggs and allow them to be fertilized. After fertilization occurs, the period of cohabitation between the male and female is rather short. Eventually, the female will leave and it is the male that ends up guarding the egg filled burrow from hungry predators.
Mudskippers are amphibious. When leaving the water and moving into a more dry environment on land, they are still able to breathe using water that is trapped inside their large gill chambers. They are also able to absorb oxygen from the lining of their mouth and throat, allowing them to stay out of water for long periods of time. It has been discovered that they spend up to three quarters of their life on land. They are found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions, including the Indo-Pacific and the Atlantic coast of Africa.
Adaptations
Compared with fully aquatic gobies, these specialised fish present a range of anatomical and ethological adaptations that allow them to move effectively on land as well as in the water.
Terrestrial movement
As their name implies, these fish use their fins to move around in a series of skips.
Breathing
Mudskippers have the ability to breathe through their skin and the lining of their mouth (the mucosa) and throat (the pharynx); this is only possible when the mudskippers are wet, limiting them to humid habitats and requiring that they keep themselves moist. The ability to breathe through their skin is associated with increased capillary density in their skin. This mode of breathing, similar to that employed by amphibians, is known as cutaneous respiration. Another important adaptation that aids breathing while out of water is their enlarged gill chambers, where they retain a bubble of air. These chambers close tightly when the fish is above water, due to a ventromedial valve of the gill slit, keeping the gills moist, and allowing them to function while exposed to air. Gill filaments are stiff and do not coalesce when out of water.
Diet
The different species have adapted to various diets on the mudflats. Boleophthalmus boddarti is detritivorous, while others will eat small crabs, insects, snails and even other mudskippers.
Burrowing
Digging deep burrows in soft sediments allows the fish to thermoregulate, avoid marine predators during the high tide when the fish and burrow are submerged, and lay their eggs. When the burrow is submerged, several mudskipper species maintain an air pocket inside it, which allows them to breathe in conditions of very low oxygen concentration.
Ammonia regulation
To reduce toxic ammonia production, mudskippers can suppress amino acid breakdown when exposed to air. Another method they use involves the partial breakdown of amino acids leading to the production of alanine, which also reduces ammonia production.
Mudskippers can reduce the membrane permeability of their skin and acidify the water in their burrows to reduce levels of ammonia from the environment.
Blinking
Mudskippers evolved the ability to blink independently from terrestrial tetrapods. Their eyes are located high on their head compared to other gobies, and they blink by lowering their eyes as a membrane called the dermal cup rises to cover them. Although other fully aquatic goby species do not have the ability to blink, mudskippers did not evolve different muscles or glands to blink with; their blinking is accomplished with the same muscles in a different configuration. Rather than having specialized glands to produce eye lubricant, the fluid film on their cornea is likely composed of mucus secreted by their skin and water from their environment, possibly stored in the infraorbital space behind the dermal cup membrane. Mudskippers likely evolved blinking in response to conditions of terrestrial life, such as to keep their eyes wet out of water (they blink more frequently in high evaporation conditions and only when colliding with things in water) and to clean and protect the eye from debris, which may adhere to the eye or approach at a faster, more dangerous speed when in air versus when in water. Their eyes are not elevated when they are still juveniles, which are fully aquatic.
Species
The genus Periophthalmus is by far the most diverse and widespread genus of mudskipper. Eighteen species have been described. Periophthalmus argentilineatus is one of the most widespread and well-known species. It can be found in mangrove ecosystems and mudflats of East Africa and Madagascar east through the Sundarbans of Bengal, Southeast Asia to Northern Australia, southeast China, and the Ryukyus, to Samoa and Tonga Islands. It grows to a length of about 9.5 cm and is a carnivorous opportunist feeder. It feeds on small prey such as small crabs and other arthropods. However, a recent molecular study suggests that P. argentilineatus is in fact a complex of species, with at least three separate lineages, one in East Africa, and two in the Indo-Malayan region.
Another species, Periophthalmus barbarus, is the only oxudercine goby that inhabits the coastal areas of western Africa.
References
External links
FishBase entry on Gobiidae
Gobioid Research Institute
The Mudskipper: a website on mudskippers or The Mudskipper
Mudskipper photos by Daniel Trim
Gobiiformes
Amphibious fish
Articles containing video clips
Oxudercinae
Walking fish
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudskipper
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Holando-Argentino is a breed of cattle primarily found in Argentina, and derived from Holstein-Friesian Cattle. It was first introduced from the Netherlands in 1880, to the fertile regions of the Pampas, and devoted to the production of both beef and milk.
Holando-Argentino cattle can be now found in the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba and Entre Ríos, as well as in small river basins in Salta, Tucumán, Formosa, Catamarca and Mendoza. They have also been exported to neighbouring countries. They are now primarily kept for milk production.
The cows are medium-sized, standing 1.4 to 1.5 metres tall and weighing 600 to 650 kg. Good legs and feet allow extensive foraging.
Promotion of this breed and technical resources to manage it are the goals of the Asociación Criadores de Holando-Argentino (ACHA, Holando-Argentino Breeders Association), founded in 1944.
References
Overview, SENASA website (cited in Embryo Plus)
External links
Cattle breeds originating in Argentina
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holando-Argentino
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Fluctuadmission is the only demo by Frantic Bleep to give to music labels.
It was recorded at Huset and Tora Bora Studios. All engineering, producing and mixing were done by guitarist Patrick Scantlebury. It was mastered at Lydmuren by Fritjof. All songs are by Frantic Bleep while the lyrics are by Paul Mozart Bjørke. The cover art was by Christian Ruud.
Track listing
"Fluctuadmission" (Scantlebury, Renstrøm) – 5:03
"The 3rd Stage" (Scantlebury) - 5:12
"Mandaughter" (Scantlebury, Sundstrøm) – 5:56
"To Bleep or Not to Bleep…?" (Scantlebury, Sundstrøm) - 2:55
Credits
Patrick Scantlebury - lead guitar, synthesizers, production, engineering, mixing
Eywin Sundstrøm - guitar
Karl Arthur Renstrøm - drums
Paul Mozart Bjørke - vocals, bass
2002 albums
Frantic Bleep albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuadmission
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Pedro Telemaco (born October 13, 1968) is a Puerto Rican actor, model and comedian. He is a native of San Juan.
Early years
Telemaco started acting at a very young age, participating in theater plays by the time he was thirteen. Telemaco made his television debut in a telenovela named La Verdadera Eva (The Real Eva). In 1983, Telemaco acted alongside Juan Ferrara in channel 2's acclaimed telenovela, Laura Guzman, Culpable! (Laura Guzman, Guilty!).
Acting career
Telemaco was a drama student at the University of Puerto Rico, where he kept acting in theater. At the time, heavy rumors about Telemaco becoming the first Black actor to star in a Puerto Rican telenovela surfaced in such publications as Vea, Teve Guía and other Puerto Rican gossip magazines. Telemaco was close to achieve this goal; he was chosen to star in a mini-series instead: 1988's Color de Piel (Skin Color) explored racial stereotypes in Puerto Rican society. The mini series was shown on Super Siete and gave Telemaco the opportunity of acting alongside Ruth Fernández, Rafael Jose and Nydia Caro, among others.
Later that year, Telemaco moved to WAPA-TV, where he acted as a comedian in El Show del Mediodia (The Midday Show), a variety show hosted by Luisito Vigoreaux. Being at WAPA-TV allowed Telemaco to act alongside Ivonne Coll; the pair were featured in "Cuqui", a sitcom that Coll starred in. He recorded some television and cinema commercials, and, in 1989, he acted in five theater plays, including two musicals: Clemente, about Puerto Rican baseball star Roberto Clemente and where he acted together with Carmen Belen Richardson, and a Puerto Rican version of Annie.
Telemaco made his Hollywood debut later that year, having a minor role in a low budget movie, Cat Chaser.
Telemaco moved to Spain in 1991 to pursue a modeling career. He also performed as an exotic dancer and released a music CD, Date Vida (Give Yourself Life). Telemaco acted in some theater plays there, becoming popular among Spaniard play critics. While in Spain, he furthered his studies in drama and began preparing for a future Hollywood career by taking English classes. In 1992, he starred in a short film, Sabria que Vendrias (I Knew you'd Come), with Carmen Manzano as his co-star.
In 1997, Telemaco moved to Miami, Florida. In the United States, Telemaco participated in two Hispanic television telenovelas, the play in English & Spanish: "The Valiant" (1998) directed by Venezuelan producer and director Raphael Ojeda, among other theater productions.
Telemaco returned to Puerto Rico in 2001, to act in En Pelotas...Una Comedia sin Pantalones, a play which was a Puerto Rican version of The Full Monty.
In 2003, Telemaco played "Safio" in the made-for-television film, Bala Perdida (Stray Bullet).
That same year, Telemaco got his second opportunity in Hollywood, when he played a Cuban man in Bad Boys II, which starred Will Smith and Martin Lawrence.
In 2004 Telemaco filmed El Cimarrón, a movie about slavery in 19th century Puerto Rico. He plays the role of Marcos Xiorro, a slave who planned a slave uprising in 1821. The movie was released in early 2007. In 2007 he also played the 16th century Peruvian saint St. Martin de Porres in the movie Fray Martin de Porres.
He plays Osvaldo in Telemundo's 2010 telenovela, El Clon. In 2011, he made special appearance in Aurora.
In 2015, he played an investigator who discovers the crimes committed by a criminal psychologist on a television series, on Univision, called .
Filmography
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
References
External links
Prpop.com
1968 births
Living people
Puerto Rican comedians
Puerto Rican male television actors
Puerto Rican male telenovela actors
Puerto Rican male stage actors
People from San Juan, Puerto Rico
21st-century American comedians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20Telemaco
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Norman John Rowe (born 1 February 1947) is an Australian singer and songwriter. He rose to national prominence in the mid-1960s as a pop star and teen idol, backed by The Playboys. His 1965 double A-side "Que Sera Sera"/"Shakin' All Over" was one of the most successful Australian singles of the decade.
Born in Melbourne, Rowe was inspired by rock and roll as a teenager and began performing while still in high school, leaving his job to become a professional entertainer. He was signed by local label Sunshine, where he released his biggest hits. He was credited for his bright and edgy tenor voice and dynamic stage presence, and was named "King Of Pop" by Go-Set in 1967 and 1968. Many of his most successful recordings were produced by Nat Kipner and later by Pat Aulton, house producers for the Sunshine label. Rowe's string of consecutive top ten singles in the mid-1960s made him the most popular solo performer of the era, although attempts to break into the United Kingdom were unsuccessful.
Rowe was drafted for National Service in late 1967. His subsequent tour of duty in Vietnam, which lasted from 1968 to 1970, effectively ended his pop career, and his reputation was affected by the anti-war movement and stigma around returning soldiers. Unable to recapture the musical success he enjoyed at his peak in the 1960s, he pursued a career in theatre and television, including a role on Seven Network soap opera Sons and Daughters. In 1991, he was involved in a physical fight on live television with Ron Casey after the latter made remarks about Rowe's service in Vietnam.
Biography
Early life: 1947–1964
Rowe was born and raised in Northcote in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. He was drawn to music early in life. He began singing with his local church choir in Melbourne while at primary school. He was hooked on rock and roll music even before his teens and Col Joye became one of his early idols and inspirations. He took up guitar and formed his first amateur band, The Valiants, whilst attending Northcote High School. They performed once a month at Alphington Methodist Hall. He concentrated on singing and made his first stage appearance as a lead vocalist in a music school concert, aged 14.
By luck, the show was compered by top Melbourne radio DJ Stan Rofe. Rofe was impressed by Rowe's talent and arranged for him to work with local dance promoter Kevin McClellan. He began performing regularly at Melbourne dances and discos, backed by instrumental groups like The Thunderbirds, The Impostors and finally The Playboys, who became his permanent band until 1967.
After leaving high school at the end of 1962, Rowe had joined the Postmaster-General's Department (PMG) on 14 January 1963 (later split in 1975 into Telecom Australia and Australia Post). He worked as a trainee technician, but in late 1964 his long hair became an issue with his employers and, in the face of a "cut it or quit" ultimatum, he left the PMG to become a professional entertainer. Working on the Melbourne dance circuit, he became a popular attraction and it was not long before he was picked to become a regular on Melbourne pop TV shows like Teen Scene and The Go!! Show. According to music historian Ed Nimmervoll, EMI apparently had the chance to sign him but turned him down, claiming that he could not sing. He was signed to a recording deal with the independent label Sunshine which included a management deal with the Ivan Dayman organisation.
Music career
Sixties stardom
Rowe's first single, released in April 1965, was a brooding "beat" arrangement of George Gershwin's "It Ain't Necessarily So" (from Porgy & Bess) a choice suggested by Stan Rofe. It was a Number 1 hit in Melbourne and a Top Ten hit in most other capitals cities (No. 6 in Sydney, No. 5 in Adelaide, No. 3 in Brisbane), even though Sydney pop station 2SM (then owned by the Catholic Church) banned it because of its supposedly sacrilegious lyrics. The inspiration for Rowe's version was apparently a 1963 version by the United Kingdom band Ian and the Zodiacs. Some references cite the source as a version by The Merseybeats, but that band never recorded "It Ain't Necessarily So". The name of the Ian & The Zodiacs' album This Is Merseybeat has apparently been confused with the name of the band The Merseybeats.
Rowe's first LP was released in July 1965. His second single (also apparently discovered while trawling through Rofe's vast record collection), released in August, was a cover of Ben E. King's "I (Who Have Nothing)". It became his second Top 10 hit (No. 10 in Sydney, No. 6 in Adelaide, No. 4 in Melbourne) (and a Number 23 in Brisbane).
Although Rowe's third single, "I Confess" / "Everything's Alright", was apparently withdrawn before or soon after release, the next single became the biggest hit of his career. The A-side was a cover of "Que Sera Sera" (best known from the Doris Day original), which was given a "Merseybeat" treatment (in the manner of The Beatles' "Twist & Shout"). Paired with a powerful version of the Johnny Kidd & The Pirates' classic "Shakin' All Over", the single became a double-sided No. 1 hit in most capitals (#1 Sydney, #1 Melbourne, #1 Brisbane, #1 Adelaide) in September, charting for 28 weeks and selling in unprecedented numbers—rock historian Ian McFarlane reports sales of 80,000 copies while 1970s encyclopedist Noel McGrath claimed sales of 100,000, and it is reputed to be the biggest-selling Australian single of the 1960s. Normie scored another first in October by having three hit singles in the Melbourne Top 40 simultaneously.
An oft-repeated story that the whistle used in the arrangement was an innovation by the record's producer appears to be unfounded because very similar arrangements, complete with whistle, had been recorded on earlier versions by Earl Royce & The Olympics (UK, 1964) and by The High Keys (USA, 1963).
Rowe's success continued through late 1965 and into the first half of 1966, during which time he scored another three consecutive Top Ten singles. "Tell Him I'm Not Home" (Nov. 1965) – a cover of a song originally recorded by Chuck Jackson in 1963—was a Top 5 hit in most mainland capitals, reaching #4 in Sydney, #2 in Melbourne, #2 in Adelaide and #1 in Melbourne It was followed by his version of Burt Bacharach and Hal David's "The Breaking Point" (b/w "Ya Ya", Feb. '66) which became his second double-sided hit, a number #1 in Brisbane and making the Top Ten in all mainland capitals, peaking at #9 in Adelaide, #8 in Sydney, #2 in Melbourne and Perth, #1 in Brisbane
"Pride & Joy" (June 1966) was also Top Ten in most state capitals. This single is also notable for its B-side, a cover of "The Stones That I Throw", written by Robbie Robertson, a song originally recorded in 1965 by Levon & the Hawks, later known as The Band. He appeared in the 1966 musical comedy film Don't Let It Get You. Mid-year he joined The Easybeats, Bobby & Laurie and MPD Ltd on "The Big Four" national tour that played to huge crowds around the country.
United Kingdom: 1966–1968
Rowe was by this time the most popular solo performer in Australia, so in August 1966 he left to try his luck in the UK. In preparation, he revamped the line-up his backing band "the Playboys". Several members opted to stay in Australia for family reasons, so Rowe replaced them with bassist Brian Peacock and guitarist Rod Stone, both from the ex-New Zealand band The Librettos, which had recently split.
Arriving in London ahead of his band, Rowe engaged one Ritchie Yorke as his London agent and began to record with producers Trevor Kennedy and John Carter, using the cream of London's session musicians, including Big Jim Sullivan, Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, famed drummer Clem Cattini, and vocal group The Breakaways. The sessions produced several strong new recordings including "Ooh La La", "It's Not Easy", "Mary Mary", "Turn on the Love Light" and "Can't Do Without Your Love". Despite his absence in London, Rowe's run of chart success in Australia continued—his next single, "Ooh La La" / "Ain't Nobody Home" (Nov. 1966) was another double-sided hit in Melbourne and a Top 5 hit in most capitals, reaching #2 in Sydney, and #4 in Brisbane and Adelaide.
Up to this time there was no national pop chart in Australia, with most pop radio stations and newspapers in state capitals and major cities publishing their own competing charts. However, on 5 October 1966 Go-Set magazine, which had been launched in February, began publishing its first weekly national Top 40, compiled by Ed Nimmervoll. "Ooh La La" / "Mary, Mary" debuted at #6 on the new Go-Set chart on 7 December 1966, and reached #1 in the 21 December chart, hence becoming Rowe's first official national #1 hit. It stayed at #1 for two weeks before being briefly supplanted by The Easybeats' "Friday on My Mind" on 4 January, but returned to the top for the next two weeks.
While "Ooh La La" was at #1 in Australia, Rowe's next single, the ballad "It's Not Easy" was also climbing the chart. It debuted at #17 in the Go-Set chart in the last week of December 1966, and reached the Top 10 in the second week of January. Through the end of January and into February, Rowe achieved a 'first' for an Australian popular recording artist by having two of the top three singles simultaneously for three consecutive weeks. Rowe worked in England for ten months and toured with acts including Julie Driscoll, Brian Auger & The Trinity, The Spencer Davis Group, Kiki Dee, Gene Pitney and The Troggs. High hopes were held for a British breakthrough, and in the early months of 1967 the pages of Go-Set featured predictions of his imminent UK stardom, though it never materialised.
The new Playboys lineup arrived in London in December; Normie flew home for Christmas, which coincided with the release of "It's Not Easy" / "Mary Mary", and he returned to England in January. In March 1967 the group embarked on a tour of the UK supporting The Troggs, Gene Pitney and Sounds Incorporated. The same month, Phil Blackmore left the group for family reasons and returned to Australia; he was replaced by English organist Trevor Griffin. Rod Stone left in mid-1967 (returning to Australia, after which he joined band The Groove) and he was replaced by former Adam Faith sideman Mick Rogers. At the end of 1966, Normie Rowe was voted Australia's best male singer in the inaugural Go-Set Pop Poll.
Meanwhile, The Playboys secured a one-off single deal with Andrew Loog Oldham's Immediate Records label, releasing the single "Sad" / "Black Sheep RIP" in August. Written by Brian Peacock, "Sad" is now considered a 'freakbeat' classic and has been widely anthologised, appearing on the British collection Chocolate Soup For Diabetics Vol III, Raven Records' Kicks and Rhino's Nuggets II. In June, Normie Rowe & The Playboys travelled to North America, supporting Roy Orbison on a US tour, and along with The Seekers he represented Australia in performance at Expo '67 in Montreal. He returned to Australia in July, where he appeared as a special guest at the national finals of the 1967 Hoadley's Battle of the Sounds.
Rowe had more national chart success in late 1967 with the Graham Gouldman song "Going Home" (b/w "I Don't Care") – assumed to be about the Vietnam War, but really about a migrant's return to Australia from Britain—which debuted at #22 in the Go-Set chart in late April and stayed in the national Top Ten until the end of May, peaking at #7 in the second week of May. "Sunshine Secret" / "But I Know", and another single, "Turn Down Day" charted in Melbourne. But in September 1967 any questions about his career future were dramatically stalled when he received his call-up notice for national service. Interviewed by the media, Row
National Service: 1968–1970
Rowe was inducted into the army in February 1968, although he continued to perform part-time until leaving for Vietnam in January 1969. He continued to make television appearances; on 19 October 1968, he appeared on ATV-0's Uptight with a cropped haircut. He also began working with a new backing band, Nature's Own, who also regularly backed Johnny Farnham and other members of the Sunshine roster. His only charting record during this period was the ballad "Penelope", written by former Playboys member Brian Peacock.
Rowe's basic training at Puckapunyal was extensively covered by the Australian media. In Vietnam, Rowe rose to Corporal and was Crew Commander of an armoured personnel carrier. He was discharged from the army in February 1970. Rowe's final minor hit was "Hello", written by Johnny Young and released in May 1970; he subsequently released an album with the same name. Rowe was later revealed to have inspired the song "Smiley", written by Johnny Young and recorded by Ronnie Burns, whose version was a major hit in Australia in 1969 and 1970. The Hello album marked the end of his Sunshine contract, although the label had been taken over by Festival several years earlier after it got into financial problems. Normie signed to Festival in 1971, for whom he cut three singles. "Que Sera Sera" was re-released in January 1971 and on 6 March he married his girlfriend Sue Powlesland.
His time in Vietnam effectively ended his pop music career, and in his absence Ronnie Burns and John Farnham (then billed as Johnny Farnham) replaced him as King of Pop. The strong anti-war sentiment of the period affected him, and like many Vietnam vets, Normie suffered considerably because of his service. Normie has said that he was treated like a pariah by the very people who had been buying his records and screaming at his concerts only a couple of years before. One of the people Normie remembers fondly from this period, who stuck by him and gave him encouragement in tough times, was Meteors drummer Stewie Speer. Normie remembers that Stewie would often wear "King Normie" and "We Love Normie" badges on his jacket.
Variety
Although his pop career was now effectively over, Rowe was able to fall back on the training from his dance hall days and he began to concentrate on a varied career playing the club and hotel circuit as well as making TV performances, where he became a popular attraction on variety programs like The Don Lane Show and The Mike Walsh Show. He continued to record through the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. He switched to the Astor Records label in 1975 and had considerable success with the single "Elisabeth", which won the "Best Song" category at that year's Tokyo Music Festival.
Theatre and television
In the 1980s Rowe began to expand his career into acting and musical theatre. He studied at the Sydney's famous Ensemble Theatre and took roles on stage and TV, including an extended role in the TV soapie Sons & Daughters. In 1987 he won great acclaim in his central role of Jean Valjean in Cameron Mackintosh's Sydney production of the musical Les Misérables.
Among other musical roles in the 1980s and 1990s, Rowe played the lead role on the recording, and in the world premiere concerts of a new Australian musical, Cyrano de Bergerac, which he helped develop, played Daddy Warbucks in Annie, Freddie Trumper (the American) in Chess, and Juan Perón in Evita. One of the highlights of his career was his appointment as a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for services to Vietnam veterans, the entertainment industry and the community. Normie has had a long association with many charity and community groups, with his major concern being the welfare of children. He is a long-serving member of Variety Clubs of Australia, for which he is now a National Ambassador, and he has won several awards for his work with them, including 1996's 'Heart and Soul of Variety' award.
Rowe remained a popular attraction at clubs, corporate functions and on the "rock-&-roll revival" circuit in the 1990s. He also kept up regular appearances on TV variety shows. This led to one infamous incident in 1991 that briefly took him back into the headlines. During a forum on republicanism on the Midday Show with Ray Martin he was involved in an on-air melée with Sydney journalist and talkback-radio host Ron Casey. Notorious for his highly controversial comments on immigration and other issues, Casey enraged Normie with his remarks about his service in Vietnam and Normie confronted Casey by shoving him. Casey flew out of his chair and punched Rowe hard enough to knock Rowe backwards. In 1998, Casey and Rowe re-united, filming a TV commercial for Bushell's tea where the Midday incident was reflected upon.
Personal life
Rowe has also had to endure other public hardships, including family problems involving his teenage daughter, which resulted in a great deal of intrusive and unwelcome publicity and the end of his marriage to his first wife, Sue. In October 1979 Normie's son, Adam John Rowe, died after being accidentally knocked down by a motorist while he was riding his bicycle home from his school fete when he was 8 years old. Unknown to many, Normie also has another son who was born in November 1965 in Melbourne who has remained anonymous to this day.
2002–current
In 2002, Rowe received national acclaim for his performance in the Long Way to the Top concert tour, Rowe's most recent album, Missing in Action, includes his own version of Ronnie Burns hit "Smiley".
Rowe portrayed former Prime Minister, Harold Holt, in the telemovie The Prime Minister is Missing, which was first broadcast on ABC TV on 23 October 2008.
In 2009 Rowe participated in a video interview that is on display in "The Shrine of Memories World War II memorial" in ANZAC Square, Brisbane as part of an installation art titled Enshrining the Vestiges – Speaking Stones by artist Natalie Billing. In October 2010, Rowe's 1965 album, Ain't Necessarily So, was listed in the book, 100 Best Australian Albums.
Normie Rowe was one of the lead acts in the reunion of the 'Go Show' concerts held in Melbourne and Adelaide during Feb 2011.
In 2011 (2 April) Rowe was a guest on episode 115 of SBS show RocKwiz where he performed Shakin' All Over and a duet with Georgia Fields of The Beatles song All I've Got to Do.
In January 2012, Normie appeared in a television advertisement for Coles Supermarkets promoting their products to the reworked tune of "Shakin All Over".
In 2015, he told Noise11.com about his being drafted as a political ruse to help the popularity of Harold Holt, the Australian Prime Minister whose death by drowning in December 1967 was never confirmed. Apparently, he was contacted by the son of a military officer who was at the time the military attache to Prime Minister Harold Holt. The officer told this story just before he died to his son who, in turn, told Normie that his dad was in Harold Holt's office when the PM was struggling with popularity and the anti-war movement. So the officer said to Harold Holt "what you need is an Elvis Presley, so get Normie Rowe called up"..
In June 2017, Normie wrapped filming for a short film titled 'Holt' in June 2017 where he, ironically,
played the titular Harold Holt for the third time. Filming took place in Queensland around Brisbane and the Sunshine Coast.
Charity
In 2009, Rowe became a Patron of Kidney Health Australia, the not-for-profit peak body promoting good kidney health through education, advocacy, research and support.
Discography
Albums
1965 – It Ain't Necessarily So, But It Is Normie Rowe (Sunshine released July 1965 QL 31734/Calendar re-release late 1965 R 66–73)
1965 – Normie Rowe a Go Go (Sunshine QL 31802)
1965 – A Wonderful Feeling (Sunshine QL 31871/Calendar R66-335)
1966 – Normie's Hit Happenings (Sunshine QL 32198/Calendar R66-553)
1966 – So Much Love From Normie Rowe (Sunshine QL 32144)
1968 – Everything's Alright (Universal UP 768) (Compilation of Rowe's first two LPs)
1969 – Normie's Top Tunes (Universal)
1973 – Hello (Sunshine L 25093)
1974 – Out of the Norm
1970 – Normie Rowe's Greatest Hits (Harlequin L 25138)
2007 – Missing in Action
1974 – Come Hear My Song (Summit SRA 250152)
1975 – Normie's Hit Tunes (Summit SRA 249 9020)
2000 – The Early Anthology (Festival D46111) Double CD
EPs
Singles
Awards and nominations
ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. They commenced in 1987. Rowe was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2005.
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| ARIA Music Awards of 2005
| himself
| ARIA Hall of Fame
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Go-Set Pop Poll
The Go-Set Pop Poll was coordinated by teen-oriented pop music newspaper, Go-Set and was established in February 1966 and conducted an annual poll during 1966 to 1972 of its readers to determine the most popular personalities.
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| rowspan="2"| 1966
| rowspan="2"| himself
| Australian Acts: Male Vocal
| style="background:gold;"| 1st
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| International Acts: Male Vocal
| style="background:silver;"| 2nd
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| rowspan="2"| 1967
| rowspan="2"| himself
| Australian Acts: Male Singer
| style="background:silver;"| 2nd
|-
| International Acts: Male Singer
| style="background:tan;"| 3rd
|-
| 1968
| himself
| Australian Acts: Top Male Singer
| style="background:gold;"| 1st
|-
| 1969
| himself
| Australian Acts: Top Male Singer
| 4th
|-
| 1970
| himself
| Australian Acts: Top Male Singer
| 5th
|-
King of Pop Awards
The King of Pop Awards were voted by the readers of TV Week. The King of Pop award started in 1967 and ran through to 1978.
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| 1967
| himself
| King of Pop
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|-
| 1968
| himself
| King of Pop
|
|-
References
Biographical references:
Ian McFarlane: Australian Encyclopedia of Rock & Pop (Allen & Unwin, 1999)
Noel McGrath: Australian Encyclopedia of Rock (Outback Press, 1978)
Ed Nimmervoll: "Normie Rowe" archived from the original on 27 July 2012 at HowlSpace website, retrieved 24 January 2014
Discography references:
Vernon Joyson: Dreams, Fantasies and Nightmares from Far Away Lands: Canadian, Australasian and Latin American Rock and Pop, 1963–75 (Borderline Books, 1999)
Rate Your Music – Normie Rowe
External links
Normie Rowe official website
Normie Rowe (entry in the Australian National Film and Sound Archive)
"Rock Snaps: The Laurie Richards Collection" – includes several photographs of Normie taken at the height of his mid-1960s fame
1947 births
ARIA Award winners
ARIA Hall of Fame inductees
Australian male singers
Australian military personnel of the Vietnam War
Australian monarchists
Australian pop singers
Cabaret singers
Living people
Logie Award winners
People educated at Northcote High School
Singers from Melbourne
Members of the Order of Australia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normie%20Rowe
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The NGC 4038 Group is a group of galaxies in the constellations Corvus and Crater. The group may contain between 13 and 27 galaxies. The group's best known galaxies are the Antennae Galaxies (NGC 4038/NGC4039), a well-known interacting pair of galaxies.
Members
The table below lists galaxies that have been consistently identified as group members in the Nearby Galaxies Catalog, the survey of Fouque et al., the Lyons Groups of Galaxies (LGG) Catalog, and the three group lists created from the Nearby Optical Galaxy sample of Giuricin et al.
Additionally, the references above frequently but inconsistently identify PGC 37513, PGC 37565, and UGCA 270 as members of this group. Based on the above references, the exact membership of this group is somewhat uncertain as is the exact number of galaxies within the group.
Location
The NGC 4038 group along with other galaxies and galaxy groups are part of the Crater Cloud which is a component of the Virgo Supercluster.
See also
M96 Group - a similar group of galaxies
References
Galaxy clusters
Corvus (constellation)
Crater (constellation)
Virgo Supercluster
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%204038%20Group
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The Philadelphia Whiskey Festival is annual festival held in November, and it is sponsored by the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board and Philadelphia Magazine. Over sixty distilled spirits producers present a wide variety of spirits for tasting, including: whiskey, Canadian and Irish whiskies, Bourbon, Scotch, single malts, tequila, rum, gin, vodka and cognac.
The festival includes a buffet as well as a raffle to benefit The Philadelphia Committee to End Homelessness.
See also
American Whiskey Trail
Pittsburgh Whiskey & Fine Spirits Festival
External links
Philadelphia Whiskey Festival
Festivals in Philadelphia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia%20Whiskey%20Festival
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Halifax Needham is a provincial electoral district in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, that elects one member of the Nova Scotia House of Assembly. It has existed since 1967, though its boundaries have changed periodically.
Halifax Needham encompasses what is largely known as the North End of Halifax. It has been held by members of each of the three major political parties in Nova Scotia at different times. The riding was once the home of Liberal Premier Gerald Regan before going to Progressive Conservative Edmund L. Morris for the majority of the 1980s. Morris served as a Member of Parliament for Halifax under Progressive Conservative Prime Minister John Diefenbaker before becoming the Mayor of Halifax. He served in the Provincial Cabinet as Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs, Municipal Affairs, Fisheries, and Social Services.
When he stepped down in 1988, the Progressive Conservatives lost the seat in that election to Gerry O'Malley, who was unseated from his position as Liberal Minister of Supply and Services in 1998. Maureen MacDonald held the seat from 1998 until 2016. The seat is considered a reasonably safe seat for the NDP, though the 2013 election was close, amid a province-wide swing to the Liberals.
It was created in 1966 when Halifax North was divided into three districts, one of which was Halifax City North East. The district was renamed Halifax Needham in 1967. In 2003, it gained an area east of Citadel Hill from Halifax Citadel. In 2013, it lost the area south of Robie Street and east of Young Street to Halifax Chebucto and gained the area north of Bayers Road and east of Connaught Avenue from Halifax Chebucto.
Members of the Legislative Assembly
This riding has elected the following Members of the Legislative Assembly:
Geography
The land-area of Halifax Needham is .
Election results
1967 general election
1970 general election
1974 general election
1978 general election
1981 general election
1984 general election
1988 general election
1993 general election
1998 general election
1999 general election
2003 general election
2006 general election
2009 general election
2013 general election
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Maureen MacDonald
|align="right"| 3,392
|align="right"| 43.99
|align="right"| -23.25
|-
|Liberal
|Chris Poole
|align="right"| 3,115
|align="right"| 40.40
|align="right"| +18.51
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Mary D.S. Hamblin
|align="right"| 834
|align="right"| 10.82
|align="right"| +4.23
|-
|align="right"| 369
|align="right"| 4.79
|align="right"| +0.51
2016 by-election
|-
|New Democratic Party
|Lisa Roberts
|align="right"| 2,519
|align="right"| 50.97
|align="right"| +6.98
|-
|Liberal
|Rod Wilson
|align="right"| 1,662
|align="right"| 33.63
|align="right"| -6.77
|-
|Progressive Conservative
|Andy Arsenault
|align="right"| 600
|align="right"| 12.14
|align="right"| +1.32
|-
|align="right"| 161
|align="right"| 3.26
|align="right"| -1.53
2017 general election
2021 general election
References
External links
2006 Poll by Poll Results
2003 Poll by Poll Results
2003 riding profile
1999 Poll by Poll Results
1998 Poll by Poll Results
Mauren MacDonald, MLA
Nova Scotia provincial electoral districts
Politics of Halifax, Nova Scotia
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax%20Needham
|
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