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Across the Zodiac: The Story of a Wrecked Record (1880) is a science fiction novel by Percy Greg, who has been credited as an originator of the sword and planet subgenre of science fiction.
Plot
The book details the creation and use of apergy, a form of anti-gravitational energy, and details a flight to Mars in 1830. The planet is inhabited by diminutive beings; they are convinced that life does not exist elsewhere than on their world, and refuse to believe that the unnamed narrator is actually from Earth. (They think he is an unusually tall Martian from some remote place on their planet.)
The book's narrator names his spacecraft the Astronaut.
Novel concepts
The book contains what was probably the first alien language in any work of fiction. His space ship design also featured a small garden, an early prediction of hydroponics.
Influence
The same title was used for a later, similar book—Across the Zodiac: A Story of Adventure (1896) by Edwin Pallander (1869–1952) (the pseudonym of UK biologist, botanist and author Lancelot Francis Sanderson Bayly). Pallander copied some elements of Greg's plot; in his book, gravity is negated by a gyroscope.
See also
Annals of the Twenty-Ninth Century
A Journey in Other Worlds
References
External links
Across the Zodiac at Internet Archive (scanned books original editions color illustrated)
Fiction set in 1830
1880 British novels
1880 science fiction novels
British science fiction novels
Space exploration novels
Novels set on Mars
Novels set in the 1830s
Planetary romances | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Across%20the%20Zodiac |
County Route 561 (CR 561) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from New York Road (U.S. Route 9 or US 9) in Galloway Township to Federal Street (CR 537) in Camden.
Route description
Atlantic County
CR 561 begins at an intersection with US 9 in Galloway Township, Atlantic County (near the Seaview Resort), heading northwest on two-lane undivided Jimmie Leeds Road. The road passes through densely forested areas with some homes, intersecting CR 634 and CR 654. The route turns more to the west and passes under the Garden State Parkway, with access to that road via Exit 41. CR 561 heads west into the community of Pomona, running between forests to the north and wooded residential and commercial development to the south and passing AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center Mainland Division. The route splits from Jimmie Leeds Road by turning northwest onto Duerer Street, with CR 633 continuing west along Jimmie Leeds Road. The road passes through dense forests and crosses CR 575 prior to running through a mix of farmland and woodland. CR 561 reaches the CR 614 junction and continues through more rural areas. After crossing CR 674, the route enters Egg Harbor City and passes through forested residential areas. CR 561 intersects CR 563 and heads into dense woodland, crossing into Mullica Township at the Hamburg Avenue junction.
The road runs through more forests with a few homes, coming to an intersection with CR 561 Alternate. At this point, CR 561 continues northwest along Moss Mill Road and runs through more woodland, passing a farm to the southwest to the road. The route crosses CR 658 and CR 623 as it runs northwest through dense forests for several miles, eventually entering Hammonton. In this area, CR 561 crosses US 30 and CR 640 as it becomes Egg Harbor Road and passes through woodland along with some homes, with the route following a brief one-way pair at the CR 602 junction. The road passes woods to the northeast and industrial establishments to the southwest prior to crossing a branch of Hammonton Lake and passing homes and businesses. CR 561 northbound forms a brief wrong-way concurrency with Route 54 as it crosses NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line in the commercial downtown area of Hammonton.
The southbound direction of CR 561 crosses the tracks at Orchard Avenue and does not form a concurrency with Route 54. The route continues northwest on Egg Harbor Road and passes through residential areas, running immediately to the southwest of the Atlantic City Line. At the CR 678 junction, CR 561 heads farther from the railroad tracks into more rural areas of homes, intersecting the northern terminus of CR 559.
Camden County
CR 561 continues into Winslow Township in Camden County and becomes Cedarbrook Road as it heads into a mix of farmland, woodland, and homes. In an area of woods, the road crosses under the Beesleys Point Secondary railroad line operated by the Cape May Seashore Lines railroad before crossing over a Conrail Shared Assets Operations railroad line as it reaches the CR 725 junction. The route crosses the Southern Railroad of New Jersey's Southern Running Track line a short distance later and runs through more woodland as it crosses CR 723. CR 561 passes through wooded areas of homes as it intersects Route 143 and CR 726. The route runs through a mix of farms, woods, and development as it comes to the Route 73 junction. At this junction, CR 561 Spur meets the route and CR 561 forms a concurrency with four-lane Route 73. The road intersects CR 722 and CR 721, becoming Camden Road at the latter junction. It heads north through more rural areas, meeting CR 720. CR 561C, a former segment of CR 561, splits from Route 73 by heading north through the community of Cedar Brook while Route 73 and CR 561 bypass the community to the east, crossing under Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Beesleys Point Secondary railroad line. North of Cedar Brook, the route traverses CR 536, becoming Cedarbrook Road. It intersects CR 680 and CR 711 before widening into a divided highway prior to a junction where CR 712 heads northeast and CR 561 splits from Route 73 by heading north on two-lane Tansboro Road.
The road continues through a mix of farmland and woodland with some residences as it crosses CR 710 and CR 536 Spur. The route then enters Berlin, passing residences and a few businesses before intersecting CR 720 and US 30. At this point, CR 561 turns north to follow US 30 on the White Horse Pike, with CR 534 joining the road from the east. The road runs through the commercial center of Berlin, with CR 561 splitting from US 30/CR 534 by heading north onto Haddon Avenue and coming to a bridge over the Atlantic City Line. The road continues into Berlin Township and runs northwest past homes as well as some businesses, crossing CR 692. The route enters Voorhees Township and intersects CR 693 as it widens to four lanes and heads into more wooded areas of development, forming the border between Gibbsboro to the west and Voorhees Township to the east. CR 561D continues north on Haddon Avenue, with CR 561 becoming Haddonfield-Berlin Road as it fully enters Gibbsboro and bypasses the community through wooded areas to the northeast. Along this stretch, the route intersects CR 685 and CR 686. After heading back into Voorhees Township, the road comes to a junction with CR 561A and gains a center left-turn lane as it continues northwest into commercial areas, crossing CR 673. CR 561 passes through residential and business areas as a four-lane road, coming to an intersection with CR 544 and CR 678. At this intersection, the route enters Cherry Hill and passes near residential subdivisions before meeting CR 670 in commercial areas. The road passes over the New Jersey Turnpike and comes to an interchange with I-295 a short distance later.
CR 561 runs near more homes before coming to the southern terminus of Route 154. The route passes a few commercial establishments before passing more residences and reaching the CR 671 junction. At this point, CR 561 continues into Haddonfield as two-lane Ellis Street, intersecting CR 644 before passing homes and making a turn northwest onto Haddon Avenue. The route crosses Route 41/CR 573 in the commercial downtown of Haddonfield prior to running through wooded neighborhoods. After passing over the Atlantic City Line, the road crosses into Haddon Township and passes through the commercial downtown of the Westmont part of the township, intersecting CR 642, CR 643 and TR 1152 (Cooper Street). At the CR 636 junction, CR 561 enters Collingswood and heads to the west through residential and business areas before coming to intersections with CR 640 and CR 630 in the commercial downtown. The route passes more homes, crossing CR 612 and coming to an interchange with US 30/US 130. At the CR 606 junction, the road heads into Camden and comes to CR 606 Alternate as it runs between urban industrial establishments to the southwest and Harleigh Cemetery to the northeast. The route passes Our Lady of Lourdes Medical Center along with rowhouses, crossing CR 607. CR 561 passes under the PATCO Speedline and Conrail Shared Assets Operations' Vineland Secondary railroad line prior to running under I-676 and coming into the commercial downtown of Camden and intersecting CR 604. The road passes Cooper University Hospital and crosses Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard and NJ Transit's River Line as it turns north onto a six-lane divided highway. CR 561 reaches its northern terminus at an intersection with CR 537.
History
North of Route 41, the road was created as part of the Haddonfield and Camden Turnpike, legislated in 1839.
Major intersections
Special routes
CR 561 Alternate
County Route 561 Alternate (CR 561 Alt.) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway, signed north and south, extends from a dead end on Moss Mill Road in Galloway Township to Duerer Street (CR 561) in Mullica Township.
Route description
CR 561 Alt. begins at a gravel road serving bungalows and a restaurant on Oyster Creek near the Great Bay in Galloway Township. The two-lane road, named Oyster Creek Road, travels southwest off the marshy wetlands area of the bay onto the mainland. The road turns to the west and becomes known as Moss Mill Road (a corruption of "Morse's Mill", named after an 18th-century settler) heading to the north of Leeds Point and passing homes and a church. At US 9, the road enters the census designated place of Smithville and its historic village center. Before reaching CR 561 Bypass (Smithville Boulevard), CR 561 Alt. passes a housing development and curves to the southwest and turns onto a two-lane divided road before narrowing to an undivided road and traveling in a westerly direction again. More forested areas begin to surround the road as the road crosses Pitney Road (CR 634) and then straddles the Galloway Township–Port Republic municipal line. CR 561 Alt. comes to a stop-controlled intersection with CR 575 (South Pomona Road) before the two roads travel southwest on a wrong-way concurrency. The two county routes have an interchange with the Garden State Parkway at its exit 44 before CR 561 Alt. resumes an independent routing along Moss Mill Road past the interchange. The route heads west northwest through mostly forested areas with some houses and farms adjacent to the road. At Bremen Avenue (CR 674) CR 561 Alt. enters Egg Harbor City. In the city, CR 561 Alt. intersects CR 563 and the entrance to Cedar Creek High School before it enters Mullica Township at its intersection with Hamburg Avenue. CR 561 Alt. continues straight for another before it ends at CR 561 where it joins Moss Mill Road from sharp angle.
Major intersections
CR 561 Bypass
County Route 561 Bypass (CR 561 Byp.) is a county-maintained divided roadway running along Smithville Boulevard around the south side of Smithville in Galloway Township. It runs between US 9 and CR 561 Alt. for a total length of .
The roadway begins as a four-lane divided road (two lanes in each direction) at US 9 heading northwest passing by a small shopping center. At Quail Hill Road, the road narrows to one lane in each direction where CR 561 Byp. passes between two housing developments. It briefly curves to the north where access roads to the developments intersect CR 561 Byp. before it curves back towards the west and comes to an end at CR 561 Alt. (Moss Mill Road).
CR 561 Spur
County Route 561 Spur (CR 561 Spur) is a section of New Jersey Route 73 between US 322 in Folsom, Atlantic County and CR 561 in Winslow Township, Camden County. The road south of the Atlantic City Expressway is maintained by Atlantic and Camden counties and is signed as CR 561 Spur (with some signage for Route 73) whereas the portion north of the Expressway is state-maintained and only signed as Route 73.
Former alignments
Four other former alignments of CR 561 that are continued to be maintained by Camden County exist- one in Cedar Brook and three in the Gibbsboro area.
The Cedar Brook section, designated by the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) as CR 561-3 is a section of South Cedarbrook Road between Route 73 / CR 561 and CR 536, entirely within Winslow Township. The road is entirely two-lanes wide except near its southern end where it becomes one-way southbound as it merges onto Route 73 southbound.
Around Gibbsboro, three sections of former CR 561 are designated by NJDOT. The first, CR 561-1, runs from CR 561 in Voorhees Township south along Haddon Avenue. At the Voorhees Township–Gibbsboro municipal line, the road changes from Camden County maintenance to Gibbsboro maintenance. This segment ends at Clementon Road (CR 686). The second, CR 561-2 and signed on one traffic signal street sign as CR 561B, carries the county-maintained Foster Avenue between Clementon Road/CR 686 to United States Avenue (CR 699), entirely in Gibbsboro. The final segment, CR 561-4 and signed on one street sign as CR 561D, is a county-maintained section of Berlin Road from United States Avenue/CR 699 to a dead end just shy of CR 561 in Gibbsboro. Access to CR 561 is provided via Eastwick Drive just before the cul-de-sac end of the road.
See also
References
External links
New Jersey 5xx Routes (Dan Moraseski)
CR 561 pictures
561
561
561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20Route%20561%20%28New%20Jersey%29 |
The IIFA Award for Best Female Playback Singer given to chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the ceremony. Shreya Ghoshal holds the record for most wins in this category (9). Ghoshal also holds the record for most nominations (25).
The first recipient of the award was Alka Yagnik, who was honoured at the 1st IIFA Awards in the year 2000. The most recent recipient of the award is Shreya Ghoshal, who was honoured at the 23rd IIFA Awards in the year 2023.
Superlatives
Award was introduced in 2000 and records after 2000 till date are as follows.
Shreya Ghoshal with 9 wins, hold the record for most awards in this category. Alka Yagnik, Sunidhi Chauhan and Kanika Kapoor have won the award two times. Ghoshal won the award in a record of three consecutive years (2012–2014).
Shreya Ghoshal's four nominations out of the five nominations in 2008 also give her the record for most number of Best Female Playback Singer nominations in a single year. Ghoshal holds the record of getting nominated for consecutively 11 years from 2006 till 2016, resulting in 17 nominations and 5 wins. Additionally, with 25 nominations, Ghoshal is also the most nominated singer in this category.
Most Wins
Multiple Nominees
List of Winners
† - indicates the performance also won the Filmfare Award‡ - indicates the performance was also nominated for the Filmfare Award
2000s
2010s
2020s
See also
List of music awards honoring women
IIFA Award for Best Male Playback
IIFA Awards
References
External links
Official site
International Indian Film Academy Awards
Music awards honoring women
Indian music awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIFA%20Award%20for%20Best%20Female%20Playback%20Singer |
Stipe Šuvar (17 February 1936 – 29 June 2004) was a Croatian politician and sociologist who was regarded to have been one of the most influential communist politicians in the League of Communists of Croatia in Socialist Republic of Croatia during Yugoslavia and later in modern Croatia.
He entered top politics in 1972 being co-opted to the Central Committee (CC) of the League of Communists of Croatia (LCC). Two years later he became Croatian minister of education and performed a controversial educational reform in Croatia. In 1980s he was a member of the Presidency of the LCC's CC, then a member and President of the Presidency of the Central Committee of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY). In 1989 Croatian Parliament elected Šuvar a member of the Presidency of Yugoslavia but dismissed him one year later when, after the first multi-party elections in Croatia, it was already dominated by the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) of Franjo Tuđman.
After the collapse of communism and the end of Socialist Yugoslavia, Šuvar founded the magazine Hrvatska ljevica and the Socialist Labour Party (SRP). Šuvar was known as a lifelong Marxist ideologist and opponent of nationalism. Unlike many other Yugoslav communist officials, he remained a proponent of socialism after the breakup of Yugoslavia.
Academic work and early political career
Šuvar was born in 1936 in the Dalmatian village of Zagvozd. At the age of 19, he joined the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. He studied at the Law Faculty in Zagreb, where he received a sociology doctorate in 1965. From 1960 through till the 1980s he taught sociology at the University of Zagreb and at other universities in Yugoslavia and published a number of books on both sociological and political topics.
From 1963 to 1972 he was a chief editor of the Zagreb monthly Naše teme. In 1969, Šuvar in a polemic with Matica hrvatska official Šime Đodan denied the claims by Maspok ideologists that Croatia was being exploited by other Yugoslav republics. During time Šuvar was also active in several other periodicals, lastly in LCY-run "Socijalizam" (Socialism) in the 1980s.
In 1972, after the Maspok had been defeated and the leadership led by Mika Tripalo purged from the top of the LCC, Šuvar was co-opted to the CC LCC. Two years later he became Croatian secretary (minister) for culture and education and stayed at that position until 1982.
The "White Book"
From 1982 to 1986, Šuvar was a member of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Croatia. From 1983 onwards, he was responsible for the ideological section of the League and, holding this office, in 1984, he organized a discussion about the ideological struggle on the cultural front. Participants of the meeting were handed materials containing quotations from texts of 186 (mostly Serbian and Slovene) authors which had been published in the Yugoslav media between 1982 and 1984. These texts were labeled as unacceptable, anti-socialist and more or less openly nationalist. The document, nicknamed then the "White Book" (B(ij)ela knjiga) and "Flower of Evil" (Cv(ij)eće zla), was condemned especially by the Serbian intelligentsia as a Stalinist attack on freedom of thought.
Member and chairman of the CC LCY Presidium
In 1986, Šuvar was elected to the LCY Presidium as a representative of the Croatian Party branch along with Ivica Račan. In June 1988, when the Presidium was about to choose a new chairman between Šuvar and Račan, Šuvar won out. At the vote he was backed up, among others, by the Serb members of the Presidium including Slobodan Milošević. However, only one month later controversies between Šuvar and Milošević emerged because of Šuvar's opposition to the anti-bureaucratic revolution organized by the Serbian leader. In October 1988, when a dispute between Šuvar and Milošević at one Presidium session went public, a campaign for Šuvar's dismissal took place in Serbia.
In the first days of October 1988, rallies in Novi Sad supported by Milošević forced out the Vojvodinian leadership, while Montenegrin establishment, with the support of the LCY Presidium and of the federal Presidency, resisted rallies in Titograd. On 17 October, in the heated political atmosphere, the LCY Central Committee met up at its 17th plenary session in Belgrade to discuss general political situation in Yugoslavia. Yugoslav media expected the session to be crucial for country’s future and also more than 200 foreign journalists were about to attend the plenum. In his address to the plenum, Šuvar called for economic and political reforms within the frameworks of socialism and for combating nationalism in the entire country. He expressed the conviction that nationalism wouldn’t succeed neither in destroying Yugoslavia nor in turning it into a centralized country. Most of the Yugoslav communist officials’ addresses were in mutual accordance about the need of reforms and of unity and the plenum was therefore seen as successful by most Yugoslav media. However, mutual attacks of the republics’ leaders started again after the session and the political situation kept getting worse.
In January 1989, after the Montenegrin leadership was brought down during new rallies in Titograd and a few days before the 20th session of the LCY Central Committee was to take place, a conference of the Vojvodinian communists attacked Šuvar and asked the LCY Presidium to dismiss him, what was supported by the Serb leadership and followed by a new inflammatory campaign in Serbian media and Party organizations against Šuvar. The Yugoslav Federal Presidency, afraid of the overthrow of the LCY leadership in the same way as it had happened with local party leaderships in Vojvodina and Montenegro, put the country's police forces on a state of alert and warned the Serbian leadership of a state of emergency being possibly declared if more demonstrations took place in Belgrade during the session. The session itself went in a normal way but didn't bring any positive results. Before the session Šuvar had promised that he would call the things their right names meaning, supposedly, directly condemn Milošević's policy, but at the end he withdrew a sharper version of his report and presented a less explicit one. The proposal to dismiss Šuvar from the position of LCY leader was rejected by the party Presidium in March 1989. Out of the 20 Presidium members, in favour of the dismissal were only six, including Milošević and other Serbian representatives.
At the same time, Šuvar was continuously opposing separatist tendencies in his own Croatia and in Slovenia. He frequently warned against the rise of Croat nationalism which, in his view, was at that time most visible in discussions about language policy. Šuvar also opposed demands of Slovenes for a broader autonomy of their republic and criticized public attacks on the Yugoslav People's Army in Slovene media. In June 1988 at LCY Presidium session discussing the case of Janez Janša, Šuvar said:
"Socialist forces in Slovenia are in defense in the face of a mass movement. This movement in Slovenia includes not only elitist petty-bourgeois circles but also the youth. They regard the Army an occupier and Yugoslavia a burden and an exploiter. A phobia of the people from the country's South prevails there. Petty-bourgeois arrogance has assumed a racist dimension."
According to Šuvar himself, in June 1988 the three Slovenian members of the Presidium voted for Račan to become Presidium chairman.
In February 1989, Šuvar negotiated with the miners in the 1989 Kosovo miners' strike as a representative of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia.
Member of the Presidency of Yugoslavia
In Spring 1989, the Croatian Parliament elected Šuvar the Croat representative to the Presidency of the Federation, the collective head of state of Yugoslavia. The new Presidency was constituted in the Yugoslav Assembly on May 15 and two days later Šuvar resigned from the party Presidium as well as from the Central Committee. In April 1990 multi-party parliamentary elections took place in Croatia, in which Franjo Tuđman's HDZ won with an independence programme. Tuđman asked Šuvar to resign but he refused; on the 24th August 1990 Croatian Parliament dismissed Šuvar from the Yugoslav Presidency, choosing Stipe Mesić of HDZ in his place. On that occasion in the Parliament, Šuvar held his last speech while holding a political office. He warned against hostilities and possible ethnic conflicts in Yugoslavia and in Croatia, called for a new agreement on Yugoslavia or for its peaceful dissolution and for respecting rights of Serbs within Croatia. He expressed the hope for a new rise of the left in its struggle for socialism and ironically congratulated HDZ for completing the Serb-driven anti-bureaucratic revolution by eliminating him from politics. The speech was twice interrupted by an uproar of the HDZ deputies and followed by sharply critical replies of several of them while nobody of Šuvar’s own LCC spoke up.
Late years
On 1 November 1990, he left the League of Communists of Croatia (SDP-SKH) just 2 days before the party convention on which they would be reformed to a social democratic party. He stated his reasons in a letter saying that SDP-SKH was no longer a left-wing or a revolutionary party but an ordinary civil party just like the rest of the political spectrum. After he had left the political scene, Šuvar returned to Zagreb University as a professor of sociology. In 1994 he founded the magazine Hrvatska ljevica (The Croatian Left) and in 1997, he returned to politics by creating the Socialist Labour Party of Croatia. Šuvar succeeded in bringing some respectable personalities around the party, but the party itself never got more than 1% of the votes in Croatian parliamentary elections. He was its chairman until 2004, when, shortly before his death, he resigned. Šuvar was vocally critical of nationalist policies of the regime of Franjo Tuđman which targeted Serbs of Croatia, especially after the 1995 Operation Storm.
After 1990, Šuvar continued publishing, for example Hrvatski karusel ("The Croatian merry-go-round") in 2003. He gave a number of interviews to the media, in which he reflected on both his role in politics of former Yugoslavia and events after the country's break-up. Šuvar, unlike many of his former communist fellows, didn't abandon socialist ideals and stayed staunchly critical towards all kinds of nationalism, including the one of his own nation. At the same time he stated his regret on some of the more radical policies he supported during SFRY, and argued in favour of democratic socialism.
See also
League of Communists of Yugoslavia
Novi Plamen
Socialist Labour Party of Croatia
References
|-
1936 births
2004 deaths
People from Zagvozd
Croatian sociologists
Croatian communists
Croatian socialists
League of Communists of Croatia politicians
Socialist Labour Party of Croatia politicians
Members of the Presidency of the 13th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
Members of the Central Committee of the 13th Congress of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia
Presidency of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia members
Croatian Marxists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stipe%20%C5%A0uvar |
The IIFA Style Icon Award is chosen by the viewers and was given on behalf of Samsung and then International Drama and Theatre Education Association-IDEA later on. The recipient also gets prizes such as a TV.
Multiple wins
Winners
See also
IIFA Awards
Bollywood
Cinema of India
External links
Official site
International Indian Film Academy Awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIFA%20Award%20for%20Style%20Icon%20of%20the%20Year |
This is a list of characters from the manga series Azumanga Daioh by Kiyohiko Azuma, later adapted to anime.
The main cast consists of six schoolgirls and two teachers, along with a few secondary characters, the latter including Kimura-sensei, a male teacher with an obsession with teenage girls, and Kaorin, a classmate with a crush on Sakaki.
Four of the girls were included in Newtypes top 100 anime heroines of 2002: Osaka was awarded 7th, Chiyo 11th, Sakaki 21st, and Yomi 78th. Together they made Azumanga Daioh the 2nd most popular series of 2002 for female characters.
Major characters
Students
The students have a variety of different personalities.
Chiyo Mihama
(anime)
, usually called Chiyo-chan, is a child prodigy, having skipped five grades to 10th grade (the first year of high school in Japan) at the start of the series, yet she is still at the top of the class. Such grade-skipping would be unthinkable in Japan, and the series humorously explores its potential consequences. The other characters find Chiyo amazingly cute, but sometimes take advantage of both her youthfulness and her scholastic abilities. However, it seems her classmates are mostly nice to her, with the exception of Tomo, who seems to enjoy teasing her. Her diminutive stature leads to her having a lack of confidence, particularly in sports where she fears she is a burden to others. Chiyo is frequently viewed with envy by fellow students, initially because of her intelligence, but later also because of the discovery that her family is exceedingly wealthy (they own an enormous mansion and a summer house, which Chiyo invites her classmates to visit on several occasions). The stylistic rendering of Chiyo's pigtails allow for several visual gags in both the manga and anime: Osaka often imagines them to be flapping wings, that they can be detached and replaced, they control her, or even that they are entities independent of Chiyo herself. At home, she can almost always be found in the company of her Great Pyrenees dog, Mr. Tadakichi. Because of her small size, she can even ride on his back as if he were a horse. Of all of the girls, she is the only one who does not sit through college entrance exams, as she intends to study overseas in America.
Ayumu "Osaka" Kasuga
(anime)
, commonly known as , is a transfer student from Osaka. Tomo and Yukari expected her to act like the stereotypical Osakan (loud, exuberant, and fond of bawdy jokes). Tomo was quick to choose her nickname, although Ayumu's behavior could not be more different from the "typical" Osakan. Ayumu considers her label "too simple" and "icky," but she lacks the energy or motivation to dispute it. Unlike the stereotypical Osakan, she seems slow and easily distracted, but she merely has a mind that works quite differently than most people. This makes her prone to daydreaming, absentmindedness, and non-sequiturs, but it also makes her unusually good at answering very specific types of riddles. She gets very bad grades at school as she sleeps through most of her classes, much to the irritation of her homeroom teacher, Yukari. She is very bad at sports: the worst in her class and possibly the whole school. She has almost no flexibility in her body; when stretching as a warm-up exercise, she cannot bend at all. She is easily amused by things that most people would consider bizarre. During the Sports Festival, she made a big deal out of running the obstacle course because she thought the event of sticking her face in flour to get a piece of candy was funny and had a giggle fit when she got there. Additionally, when participating in a bread-eating race, her concentration was trounced when the commentator listed the flavour of breads available, causing her to spend too much time deliberating which flavour to pick and, hence, coming in last. The manga revealed that she likes to run outside and play in typhoons. Her unusual way of thinking gives her a very vivid imagination and a unique way of seeing the world. In the English adaptation of the anime, she is given a distinct Houston accent.
Tomo Takino
(anime)
is extremely energetic and competitive, despite being nonathletic and a slacker at the same time. She randomly challenges people to competitions she can't win - mostly Sakaki in sports and Chiyo in scholastics. She tends to irritate everyone around her, but especially Yomi, who has been her classmate since elementary school. Tomo's character is extremely impulsive and she never considers nor cares about the consequences of anything she says or does. She is the only one of the main cast who picks on Chiyo. During the second trip to Chiyo's summer house, Tomo actually grabbed Chiyo's house keys and threw them into the forest because she wanted to see what would happen if they had lost them; which, of course, was a very bad idea. However, on the occasions when Tomo has actually been inspired to concentrate on something, she has demonstrated that she is quite capable. She succeeded in gaining the grades needed to qualify for the same high school as Yomi, though it was only after Yomi ridiculed her and openly said that there was no way that she could do so. Once Tomo began attending high school however, she returned to her lackadaisical ways.
Koyomi "Yomi" Mizuhara
(anime)
, commonly known as Yomi, is a grade-school friend and general antithesis of Tomo. She is the voice of reason of the series, carrying herself as the most mature and sometimes bitter member of the group. Though smart and athletic, she is constantly dissatisfied with herself due to her weight and is always trying various diets in an effort to become thinner. She can never seem to stick to these diets however, as she finds herself constantly tempted by her favorite foods. Another weakness of Yomi's character is that while she is above average in everything else, she is an awful singer, yet karaoke is one of her favorite pastimes. While usually functioning as Tomo's "straight man", she sometimes manifests a rather cruel sense of humor, such as tricking the cat-tongued Osaka into eating an extremely spicy croquette. Compared to most of her peers, Yomi uses more masculine Japanese speech patterns, especially when dealing with Tomo's antics. Yomi also has an uppercut that Tomo is usually on the receiving end of whenever she pushes Yomi too far. However, even though she likes to think that she is well above the immature behavior of some of her classmates, Yomi has demonstrated on certain occasions that she can be just as childish as the rest of the characters, such as trying to get Chiyo to infuse a shrine charm with some of her intelligence so that she could pass her college entrance exams.
Sakaki
is a tall, soft-spoken girl uncomfortable with her height and busty physique. Because she is so shy, she seldom speaks, and her reticence is misinterpreted as being mysterious, or cool. This reputation has been compounded by the fact that most of the school's sports teams try to recruit her every year in the story because of her natural athletic ability (she's usually stronger and faster than most of the male students in school), but, for the most part, she has no real interest in sports. Most students think that because of her demeanor, that she dislikes anything and everything adorable and cute. In contrast to what the other students think of her, Sakaki is in reality a very emotionally sensitive person who holds a secret longing for all things cute. She loves animals, but the neighborhood cats dislike her, and her parents do not allow cats in their house because of her mother's allergies. Sakaki ends up spending a lot of time with Chiyo upon finding out that Chiyo's dog, Mr. Tadakichi, will let her pet him. This friendship actually shows the irony of their circumstances, as Sakaki wishes she looked more like Chiyo, so she could openly pursue her interest in cute things, and Chiyo wishes that she looked more like Sakaki so people would take her more seriously. Later in the series, Sakaki also befriends an Iriomote kitten that she meets on a side trip to Iriomote Island during a class trip to Okinawa. Later, the kitten loses its mother and proceeds to seek out Sakaki in Tokyo. Since Sakaki was in danger with the neighborhood's cat leader and the cat's kitty band, the kitten saves her and they soon become close friends. Kagura, at one point, drew over Sakaki's cat drawings, much to Sakaki's dismay. Sakaki is bad at art (shown by small pictures of cats in her note book) and loves neko konekos (see below).
Kagura
(anime)
is a later acquaintance, joining Yukari's class in the 2nd year (Yukari selects her as a ringer to win the school athletic competitions). She was originally in Nyamo's class and displays a very competitive spirit with her peers in all things (though she has little success in academics). She devotes most of her time to the swim team (which is why she has a tan most of the time) but is an all-around good athlete, and genuinely nice to her classmates. She has a slight obsession with Sakaki, whom she sees as an athletic rival. This is mostly due to the fact that while Kagura trains constantly to stay in shape, Sakaki is a naturally gifted athlete with no training at all. Like Tomo, Kagura tends to be quite impulsive in her actions (although unlike Tomo, Kagura is consciously aware of this and makes a genuine effort to keep it under control). With the arrival of Kagura, a trio of underachievers — together with Tomo and Osaka — is formed called the "Bonkuras" (which roughly translates to "Team Idiot" or "Blockheads"). Kagura has a sensitive side, which the audience sees in episode six of the anime following her homeroom's defeat in the sports festival, and the final episode following graduation. Kagura and Yukari enjoy playing video games. Like Sakaki, she is quite busty (and Tomo teases both of them about their large breasts), but more tomboyish (in contrast to Sakaki's more elegant nature). She has also made it perfectly clear that she will not tolerate the antics of Mr. Kimura.
Kaori
, also known as Kaorin, is a girl infatuated with Sakaki, whose unrequited feelings are a frequent source of anxiety. Her friends seem mostly unaware of her crush on Sakaki, and it is unknown whether or not Sakaki would reciprocate (in the first episode, Kaorin was put off inviting Sakaki to the astronomy club due to fear of rejection; Sakaki, however, seemed sad that Kaorin had not invited her). In the 2009 manga Azumanga Daioh: Supplementary Lessons, Osaka asks Kaori if she is homosexual. Kaori becomes embarrassed and protests that it's "one of those things peculiar to puberty". Kaori then attempts to prove Osaka wrong by saying she would feel the same way even if Sakaki were a man, which confounds Osaka.
While her given name is Kaori, she is almost always addressed by her nickname of (nicknames are often formed by changing the end of a name in this way to sound cute). Kaorin's surname is speculated to be Aida, judging from a panel in volume one of the manga, however this is still unconfirmed.
Kaorin is normally shy and sensitive to a fault, but frequently has been known to display a ferocious temper and is prone to extreme jealousy when Sakaki is involved. She can also be more than a little neurotic. She has some artistic talent, and helped design Chiyo's penguin suit.
For her first two years, she is a member of the Astronomy Club and goes to their camps during the summer break. After the main group's first visit to Chiyo-chan's summer home, she is horrified to learn that Sakaki went after seeing some rather glamorous pictures of her would-be love interest, particularly one with Tomo inadvertently sleeping with her arms around Sakaki. In her senior year, she accompanies the group to Chiyo's summer home (and is, like Chiyo, left emotionally scarred by her ride in the Yukari-mobile). Also during that year, Kimura-sensei transferred her into his class, much to Kaorin's dismay (Kaorin dreads Kimura-sensei's attention even more emphatically than her peers do). Kimura-sensei expresses more interest in her than in any other student, to the point of planting a Kimura and Kaorin garden. He also tells her to call him by a nickname when she complains that she is the only student in class being addressed by a nickname. Kaorin attempts to overlook Kimura-sensei's faults after meeting his sensitive and sweet wife, however this ends quickly. On their final day of class, to Kaorin's horror, Kimura-sensei tells the class that he and Kaorin will be together forever. She also gets to take a photo with her beloved Miss Sakaki in that episode, which she demands Tomo to send her as soon as possible.
Appearing only sparsely in the original manga, Kaorin's role was significantly increased for the anime, to the extent that she even appears with the rest of the group in the opening and closing credits. In the anime, she is notably closer to the other girls, going to Chiyo's house and preparing for the first Culture Festival with them, and accompanying them on their trip to a shrine on New Year's Day, after having an anime-exclusive New Year's dream of her own. Her involvement in existing stories and sketches from the manga is often increased for the anime, and she has several anime-exclusive skits dedicated to her, almost universally involving her pining over Sakaki or being pursued by Mr. Kimura. She is the only character to have one of their parents actually shown on-screen (not counting 'Chiyo Father'). Her mother, who bears a striking resemblance to her, appears in episode 8, waking Kaorin up from her New Year's Dream.
Character songs
"Kaze no Mon-Ami" - Words by Aki Hata, music by Masumi Itō
"Tea Rose de Nemurimashou" - Words by Aki Hata, music by Masumi Ito
Teachers
Yukari Tanizaki
, also known as Yukari-sensei, is the girls' English (Spanish in US version / French in UK version) and homeroom teacher (class 3), but a teacher with very unconventional methods and a rather close relationship with the class. Her students are casual enough to call her by her first name: Yukari-sensei, and some of them use the informal title Yukari-chan. Depending on her mood, she can be either a horrible tyrant or sweet. Like Tomo, Yukari is impulsive (stealing a bike to avoid being late), in sharp contrast to fellow teacher Nyamo's more reserved nature. Yukari is also a notoriously bad driver, as evidenced by the battered, horrid condition of her car, a silver Toyota Corolla, which the students have dubbed "The Yukari-mobile" (It belongs to her parents, and Yukari borrows it). Apparently, on the first trip to Chiyo's summer house, Yukari's driving was so bad that poor Chiyo was psychologically scarred and she has gone to enormous lengths to avoid riding with Yukari since. The only student who seems to actually enjoy the way Yukari drives is Tomo. Oddly enough, in the manga the Yukarimobile is an eighth generation Toyota Corolla, whereas in the anime it is a ninth generation Toyota Corolla, which didn't even exist during the girls' first year.
Minamo "Nyamo" Kurosawa
(anime)
, also known as Kurosawa-sensei or or "Nyamo-sensei," is a gym teacher at the girls' school. In the girls' first year of high school, she is the homeroom teacher of class 5. During their last two years, she is the homeroom teacher of class 2. She is an old high school friend and rival of Yukari. Popular with the students, Nyamo is a nice person, and unlike Yukari she is generally in control. This fact causes so much resentment in Yukari that she will go to almost any length to appear the superior teacher (including signing up Kagura for her class so Minamo would not have anyone who could challenge Sakaki in the Sports Festival). Although they do have their fights, Minamo does try her best to take the high road and not let Yukari's antics get to her. She also tries to help Yukari out from time to time and attempts to inspire her to become a better teacher (although most of her efforts are met with failure). However, Minamo has proven that she can be just as vulnerable to losing control as Yukari is. During one of their trips to Chiyo's summer house, while attempting to prevent Yukari from getting drunk and embarrassing herself in front of her students, she ends up drinking an entire bottle of sake and an unknown quantity of beer. But her plan only results in getting drunk herself and she ends up spending half the night telling the girls some unknown but clearly very risque things (shown in a montage of wholesome images with music instead of dialogue). Fortunately, Chiyo is too young to understand what she is talking about. In the next morning she asks for clarification, much to Nyamo's horror while the others girls start treating her in a very formal and respectful way.
She drives a blue Toyota Vitz.
Kimura
, also known as Mr. Kimura, is the only regular male character in the series. Kimura is a "creepy" and ephebophiliac Classical Japanese teacher, who openly admits he became a teacher to be close to high-school girls. He is constantly lewd and openly seeks excuses to "observe" girls, such as during swimming class or when they are measured and weighed by the school nurse. He especially likes Kaorin, much to her dismay. He addresses her by her nickname "Kaorin", and she feels that he takes his affections to an inappropriate level for a student-teacher acquaintance. When she voices her objections to being called "Kaorin" by him, he then asks her to address him by the similarly cutesy name "Kimurin" ("Mr. Kim-Kims" in ADV Manga's English translation), which he views as a trade off for calling her Kaorin. Not surprisingly, Kaorin rejects this offer.
Kimura habitually appears with his mouth gaping open, and his eyes cannot be seen behind his glasses. At his first appearance in the manga, Kimura seems normal, but takes on his usual expression after he was asked why he became a teacher—as if he had some sort of mental break. In the anime, he is always open-mouthed. Most female students (and some faculty) intensely loathe him, but some male students admire his "sincerity". Despite his lewd activities, outside of school Kimura appears as a responsible and kind-hearted person: he recycles littered cans, donates frequently to charities, and even offered ¥10,000 to a shrine as he prayed for world peace. He has a beautiful wife and daughter, who love him despite his strange obsession; his wife even claims to find him very handsome and thinks "he's cool!"
When Tomo finds a picture of his wife and asks who she is, he replies, in heavily accented English, "Mai waifu" ("Mein wife" in ADV Manga's English translation). "Mai waifu", sometimes shortened to just waifu, has since become a common phrase among anime fans referring to any fictional character that a fan considers their significant other, from manga and anime to video games. It is also how a Japanese native speaker would pronounce the English word for "wife". Also "husbando".
In Manga: The Complete Guide, Jason Thompson cautions that the jokes that revolve around the "vaguely pedophilic teacher" might disturb some newer readers of manga, and later suggested that he might be a parody of the readers of the magazine Azumanga Daioh ran in.
Character song
"Law of 'True Vocation is Equal to a Pleasant Feeling'" - Words by Aki Hata, music by Kosuke Kanai
Minor characters
Chihiro
is a classmate and friend of Kaorin. Little is known except her name. When she appears, she is usually keeping Kaorin company, and she collaborates with her on some projects. Once, when Chiyo-chan tutored her, Yukari assumed it was the reverse. Occasionally Chihiro bears the brunt of Kaorin's temper, without knowing why; it is unclear how aware she is of Kaorin's crush on Sakaki. Chihiro was also one of the most disgusted by the cockroach that appeared in class in Episode 2. In the manga, during the senior year sports festival Chihiro dressed as Chihiro from Spirited Away, partnered with another student (possibly Kaorin) dressed as Kaonashi from the same film. Chihiro's surname is speculated to be Inoue, judging from a panel in volume one of the manga, however this is still unconfirmed.
Chiyo-Father
is a strange-looking and even stranger-acting cat-like creature which appears in Sakaki's dreams, claiming to be Chiyo's father. (Chiyo-Father has also appeared in Osaka's dreams, with the same claim, despite the fact that Sakaki has apparently never really explained these dreams to other people.) Polite but prone to fits of unsettling anger, he may be bullet-proof, have the ability to fly, be a great baseball player, and/or be Santa Claus. Osaka gives Chiyo a stuffed animal shaped like Chiyo-Father on her birthday (which might be the original Chiyo-Father and the source of Sakaki's and Osaka's dreams after they had seen it in the store). On the day the class opens a stuffed animal café for the Culture Fest, Sakaki makes her classmates hats in the shape of Chiyo-Father. When Yukari asks why they are called "Father Hats", Osaka replies "Sakaki started calling them that". Chiyo-Father is often seen floating around in random locations in Azumanga Daioh the Animation. In addition, Chiyo-Father can levitate from place to place, finds the color red discomforting, and is inconsistent about whether he really is a cat. Fuuka has a T-shirt with Chiyo-Father on it (which is greatly mocked by Miura), and the stuffed animal Chiyo-Father also appears in Fuuka's room and as merchandise in Azuma's current manga, Yotsuba&!.
Kimura's wife
Kimura's wife is depicted, in Japanese terms, as a stereotypical beauty, having long wavy hair (other examples of this stereotype to be found in anime include Sailor Neptune and Nadeshiko Kinomoto). The incongruity of the unwholesome Kimura being married to such a beautiful (and evidently wholesome) woman is used as a humorous device, with her appearances invariably leading to bemusement and speculation amongst the other characters, who are uncertain whether they ought to conclude that she is a saint, or an idiot. Like Kimura, she also recycles frequently. She seems to have a kind and ditzy personality, such as when she chases a tin can until she hits her head on a lamp-post. She also refers to Kimura's lunch as the "", like her husband does, and when her picture is first seen by Tomo et al., Kimura refers to her as "Mai Waifu (my wife)". In the anime, when asked flat out by Tomo why she likes Kimura she responds that she likes how he's cool, causing the girls to think she has no taste. She then explains that his style of cool is just currently out of style, comparing it to how 1970s trousers are coming back in fashion, having been out of fashion for around 30 years. Tomo, Yomi, and Osaka all internally think that it's a bad and inaccurate parallel, and that she essentially has strange taste.
Miruchi and Yuka-chan
Miruchi
Yuka-chan
Miruchi and Yuka-chan are Chiyo's friends from grade school. Despite having skipped ahead into high school, Chiyo still treats them as peers. In both appearance and name, they appear designed to resemble the girls' teachers, Minamo and Yukari.
Masaaki Ohyama
(Japanese)
is the girls' bespectacled male classmate in 10th grade. In the original manga, his performance in the exam is good. His English language writing skill surpasses his teacher at the time when he first enters high school. Yukari nominates him as a class representative, judging by the fact that he wears glasses (a meganekko often appears in such a role in many manga and anime). This job continues until he resigns in September and yields the post to Chiyo Mihama. He also serves as the graduate representative in the very end. His character seldom appears in the anime.
Animals
Maru
Maru is a cat that used to live in Sakaki's neighborhood. Little is known about him, except that he was a "big, stately cat" according to Chiyo.
Kamineko
Kamineko (「噛み猫」, "Biting Cat" in Japanese) is a cute gray cat that Sakaki occasionally sees on the way to and from school. Having a great soft spot for cats, Sakaki tries to pet it, but it ends up latching its huge, beartrap-like teeth onto her hand. This becomes one of the series' biggest running gags. Kamineko seems to bear Sakaki strong malice, and at one point attempts to rally an entire neighborhood's worth of cats to attack her. Tomo has somehow managed to get her hands on a plush version of Kamineko, complete with bear trap teeth. Sometimes it runs away from Sakaki if she tries to pet it (having been chased off by Kagura at least once). Sakaki, however, was able to pet Kamineko even after it bit her hand, something which Kagura understood as "conquering her fear." At one point in the animated series, a delivery man is seen with the visage of Kamineko printed on his cap à la the Yamato Transport logo.
Mr. Tadakichi
Tadakichi-san (忠吉さん), also known as "Mr. Tadakichi," is Chiyo's pet dog, a Great Pyrenees, who has been with her for five years prior to her admission to high school. Mild-mannered and gentle, he is large enough for Chiyo to ride on his back and indulgent enough to allow her to do so. Sakaki particularly likes him because he allows her to pet him without biting her, something Kamineko has done at most, if not all opportunities. Sakaki also daydreams about being able to ride Tadakichi as Chiyo does.
Maya
is Sakaki's pet Iriomote mountain cat. His name is derived from Yamamaya, an Okinawan language name for his species. He is also known (by Osaka, at least) as "Pikameowmeow," or "Pikanya," from a corruption of yamapikarya, the Yaeyama name for the species. Sakaki met Maya on Iriomote when he was a kitten during a class trip to Okinawa, and he was the first cat to ever let Sakaki pet it. After his mother was killed by a car, he followed Sakaki home to Tokyo. Because of her mother's allergies, Sakaki cannot keep pets at her house, and Maya stays temporarily at Chiyo's house until Sakaki goes to college.
Maya can manifest an imposing "battle aura," which he used to scare off dozens of domesticated cats and protect Sakaki from Kamineko. In spite of being a wildcat, he is comfortable around people and even Tadakichi-san, and even lets Sakaki bathe him. Chiyo speculates that he imprinted on Sakaki as a surrogate mother. He once scratched Tomo because she was taunting him, but Sakaki hit him on the head and told him not to scratch people.
Notable objects
Neco Coneco
Neco Coneco is a popular stuffed animal franchise that appears frequently in the series. Neco Coneco appears to be based on the real life toy franchise Tarepanda. The typical example is a white cat with a white kitten sitting on its head. Sakaki adores it, much as she does all cats. During the class trip to Okinawa, Sakaki buys an Iriomote cat version of Neco Coneco. Conventional romanization spelling of the pronunciation yields "neko koneko" ("neko" Japanese for cat + "koneko" Japanese for "kitten"); however "Neco Coneco" is often used and creates another joke in itself, Connected Cat.
In addition, Neco Conecos are heroes of , a series of photographs formerly on Azuma's website. A Neco Coneco doll also appeared as a festival booth prize in Yotsuba&!.
References
Azumanga Daioh
Azumanga Daioh
Fictional Japanese people in anime and manga | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Azumanga%20Daioh%20characters |
The M9 Armored Combat Earthmover (ACE) is a highly mobile armored tracked vehicle that provides combat engineer support to frontline forces. Fielded by the United States Army, its tasks include eliminating enemy obstacles, maintenance and repair of roads and supply routes, and construction of fighting positions.
History
The M9 grew out of the Universal Engineer Tractor (UET), a follow-up to 1958's All-purpose Ballastable Crawler (ABC), also a tractor. By making a small tractor/scraper, it was possible to create a lightweight vehicle that could use local material as ballast. The weight was kept low enough to allow transportation in smaller cargo aircraft, to be air-droppable, and to allow the vehicle to float and swim. Initial development was between the Engineer Laboratory at Fort Belvoir with International Harvester and Caterpillar. Successful in testing and exciting a good deal of interest for civilian spin-off, the concept languished after a demonstration where key decision-makers saw the vehicle sink in front of them while demonstrating its swimming ability.
The UET was originally seen as a squad vehicle with provision for troop seats in the bowl. It was also tested as a cargo vehicle and even as a mobile mortar carrier.
The M9 is a highly mobile, armored, amphibious tractor, dozer, and scraper. It was finally fielded in 1986 and is capable of supporting forces in both offensive and defensive operations. It performs critical combat engineer tasks such as digging hull defilade fighting positions for guns, tanks, and other battlefield systems to increase their survivability. The ACE breaches berms, prepares anti-tank ditches, prepares combat roads, removes roadblocks, and prepares access routes at water obstacles.
The engine, drive train, and driver's compartment are biased toward the rear of the vehicle, while the front comprises an 8.7 cubic yard (6.7 m³) bowl, apron, and dozer blade with a composite aluminum ejector which can unload ballast and or cargo quickly in combat or hostile conditions. Armor consists of welded aluminum with selected steel and aramid-laminated plates. An armored cupola containing eight vision blocks covers the driver's compartment. The vehicle hull is welded and bolted aluminum with a two speed winch capable of a 25,000 pound (110 kN) line pull. Towing pintle and airbrake connections are provided. It is equipped with a suspension system which allows the front of the vehicle to be raised, lowered, or tilted to permit dozing, excavating, rough grading, and ditching functions. The M9 is armored against small arms and artillery fragmentation, has smoke screening capability, and has chemical-biological protection for the operator. Its roadspeed is . It is transportable in C-130, C-141, and C-5 aircraft and can swim at under ideal conditions. Since the removal of swim missions as a task for the M9, the swim-related components are not required to be maintained.
By raising the dozer blade and using its scraper blade, the ACE can fill itself with ballast to improve dozing efficiency. It can also be ejected quickly, thus eliminating the need for a bucket loader and dump truck. Another key feature of the M9 is its hydropneumatic suspension system. The principal components are eight high-pressure hydraulic rotary actuators (four on each side) which connect to the roadwheel stations. During high-speed travel, this system ensures a smooth ride through the use of shock-absorbing accumulators. In earthmoving operations, the operator rotates the actuators, thus lowering the apron and blade for digging.
A typical combat engineer battalion will contain 22 ACEs - seven per company - plus an operational readiness float. The active Army has a total of 447 M9 ACEs.
Employment
The M9 performs mobility, countermobility, sustainability, and survivability tasks in combination with light or heavy combined arms forces. Tasks include the preparation/reduction of obstacles, waste management, and route clearance. It also serves a limited role in offensive breaches by carrying mine-clearing line charges.
In Operation Desert Storm, the ACE proved to be a successful combination of armored vehicle and combat earthmover that was capable of keeping pace with the maneuver units. This was possible because of the ACE's ability to fold its blade in half upwards, allowing for unloaded travel. This is also associated with a decreased combat efficiency due to the manual locking pins, which were usually unnecessary unless traveling at high speeds, as this can sever the blade hinges when not carefully monitored. While some operators are more efficient with the D7 Dozer in earthmoving, some can outpace heavy, slow, traditional dozers by scraping in clutch brake two or three which overcomes lack of cutting ability due to lack of mass with speed. This ability to move with maneuver forces over several hundred kilometers of desert allowed it to successfully perform a wide variety of missions such as construction of combat roads and trails, survivability positions, and berms. It can move as fast as an M1 or M2 over rough terrain, but on improved roads and hardball it is limited to a maximum of 35 mph with some governors limited to around 27 mph. The vehicle operator can adjust to prevent this.
But the training of ACE operators appeared in some units to be inadequate constrained by a lack of technical mechanical expertise and maintenance of hydraulic accumulators systems. Most operators were unfamiliar with the techniques associated with dozing, scraping, cut and fill ops, and grading. The ACE experienced some troubles in reducing the berms associated with Iraqi tank ditches (berm on enemy side). Due to the location of the driver in relation to the vehicle blade, the soldiers have difficulty seeing bottom of blade, while buttoned up through the periscope, but can determine when he is about to tip over with the assistance of the horizon and the top of the blade creating an intersecting angle or with a manual level indicating the degree of slopes that are within acceptable operational capabilities. The ACE operator can use front-mounted telescope or a side-mounted periscope or video monitors to overcome this deficiency, also as load is increased the sound frequency of the engine changes indicating load to the experienced night operators, without the use of electronic or manual gauges. The ACE led the way in breaching the border berm between Saudi Arabia and Iraq, and in reducing trench-lines during the assault breach. The ACE performed beyond its expected capability. Later studies would discover its grim success against the unequipped Iraqi forces, with ACE's of the First Infantry Division burying hundreds or thousands of Iraqi soldiers alive in their trenches.
Problems were encountered with the ACE's trainers and maintenance shortcomings. One commander referred to the ACE operator as "Alone, Unarmed, and Unafraid". This highlights the ACE's major shortcomings as a piece of mobility equipment used during direct fire engagements. ACE operators, usually 19-year-old PFC's, led the 7th Corps breach into hostile country. Fortunately, they met with very light resistance. Otherwise, mortality among ACE operators would have been very high. The ACE is a single operator vehicle, Which section cohesion is pertinent to brigade and above mission success, without the moral and physical advantages of a crew with an NCO in leaderships, maintenance becomes difficult and self discipline and general mechanical and general electrical knowledge is a must for any lower enlisted. This lack of supervision creates highly valued subject matter experts who must understand the commanders intent and geography along with topography during hastily planned operations in austere environments, without the advantage of a weapon for local suppression. Habitually, maneuver task forces provided two M2 along with 2 M1 in diamond formation around valuable operators perhaps more.Bradley Fighting Vehicles to protect the ACE during breaching ops. While this is a high price to pay for protection of one vehicle, commanders deemed it necessary for the success of their operations. Commanders felt that the ACE needed an additional crewman and a protective weapon such as a .50 caliber machine gun or the Mark 19 grenade launcher, in their absence heavy caliber small arms such as the M249 squad automatic weapon or M240 bravo are often used..
Basis of issue
6 per Engineer Company in a Heavy Division
6 per Armored Cavalry Regiment
6 per Engineer Company, Heavy Separate Brigade
6 per Engineer Combat Company (Mech) Corps
6 per HHC, Engineer Battalion, Light Infantry Division
4 per Engineer Company, Separate Infantry Brigade (Ribbon)
2 per Engineer Company (Assault Float Bridge)(Ribbon) at Corps
1 per Engineer Company (Medium Girder Bridge)
1 per Bridge Company (Ribbon)
Training/personnel
TRADOC instructors and New Equipment Training Teams (NETT) will be trained by the contractor. Initial training will be by NETT for Combat Engineer organizations issued the M9. Institutional training at U.S. Army Engineer Center at Fort Leonard Wood will provide training for the operator (MOS 12F) and maintainer (MOS 91L). Operator proficiency will be maintained by Training Extension Course tapes and extension training materials.
References
External links
Armored Combat Earthmover M9
M-9 Armored Combat Earthmover at CombatIndex
M9 Armored Combat Earthmover (ACE) abstract at Jane's
M9ACE Technical Manuals M9ACE Technical Library
Military engineering vehicles of the United States
United States Marine Corps equipment
Military vehicles introduced in the 1980s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M9%20Armored%20Combat%20Earthmover |
Nathaniel Donnell Abraham (born October 8, 1973) is an American football coach and former cornerback who is the current Defensive Coordinator for St. Louis Battlehawks. He was drafted in the third round of the 1996 NFL Draft. In his career, he played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1996–2001) and the New York Jets (2002–2004).
Life after football
After considering retirement since the 2004 season ended, he finally decided to do so on July 15, 2005. Although he had two restaurant businesses going in South Carolina, Abrahams was searching for a post-playing occupation, and during his playing years he swore to himself that he would never become a coach. However, while on the sidelines of his oldest son’s youth football practice, a local high school coach, whose son played on the same team as Abraham’s, approached him about helping out his team. Before long, Abraham became the head coach at Gibbs High School in St. Petersburg.
Abraham guided Gibbs to its first district title in 2009 but resigned after a 3–7 season in 2010. He was defensive backs coordinator (2011–2012) at Tampa Bay Storm and later (2012) at East Lake High School. In 2013, he was the head coach of the Clearwater High School football team and resigned in 2015. He was (2015–2017) the defensive coordinator at IMG Academy, in Bradenton, Florida. On February 15, 2017, he was named defensive assistant coach for the Illinois Fighting Illini football, joining Head Coach Lovie Smith's coaching team. Abraham left the Illinois program in the summer of 2018.
In November 2018, Abraham joined Steve Spurrier's Orlando Apollos coaching staff as defensive backs coach.
In June 2022, Abraham joined Anthony Becht's coaching staff as the Defensive Coordinator of St. Louis.
References
1973 births
Living people
People from Orangeburg, South Carolina
American football cornerbacks
Players of American football from South Carolina
East Tennessee State Buccaneers football players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
New York Jets players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Tampa Bay Storm coaches
Illinois Fighting Illini football coaches
Orlando Apollos coaches
Orangeburg-Wilkinson High School alumni
St. Louis BattleHawks coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donnie%20Abraham |
County Route 560 (abbreviated CR 560 and locally known as Tuttles Corner Road) is a county highway in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The highway extends from U.S. Route 206 and County Route 521 in Sandyston Township. CR 560 ends at the Pennsylvania state line, where it becomes Pike County Quadrant Route 2019, which connects to Pennsylvania Route 739. CR 560's entire length is in Sandyston. However, CR 560 does pass through the hamlet of Layton.
Route description
CR 560 begins at the Dingmans Ferry Bridge over the Delaware River in Sandyston Township, where the road continues into Pennsylvania as SR 2019. From the bridge, the route heads east on two-lane undivided Tuttles Corner Road into forests within the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area, crossing Old Mine Road, which provides access to the Peters Valley School of Craft. The road turns northeast into more wooded areas with some fields before turning south into agricultural areas with some homes and leaving the Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area. CR 560 turns east and intersects CR 640, at which point it heads into the residential community of Layton. In Layton, the route intersects CR 645.
Upon leaving Layton, the road turns south and heads into woodland with some fields and residences. CR 560 curves east and comes to an intersection with Ennis Road, which is the closed former alignment of CR 615. At this point, the route enters dense forests. CR 560 reaches its eastern terminus at an intersection with US 206 / CR 521.
History
When County Route 521 was assigned in the 1950s, it originally made the alignments of County Route 560 and the Old Mine Road north of CR 560. Then, no route originally crossed over the Dingmans Bridge to Pennsylvania Route 739. CR 521 was later rerouted off the highway, which extended its multiplex with U.S. Route 206. US 206 and CR 521 are now the highway's eastern terminus. When the route was completely re-routed, Tuttles Corners Road became CR 560, which was extended to the Dingmans Bridge to PA 739 (now SR 2019). The Old Mine Road segment became a federal maintained road, and there are no remains of the original 521.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
New Jersey 5xx Routes (Dan Moraseski)
CR 560 pictures
560
560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County%20Route%20560%20%28New%20Jersey%29 |
Sir Arturo Mercieca (14 June 1878 – 31 July 1969) was a Maltese judge and served as Chief Justice of Malta between 1924 and 1940. He is also the founder of the oldest extant students' union in Europe, Malta's national University Students' Council.
Early life
Mercieca was born in Victoria on the island of Gozo on 14 June 1878. He was given primary and secondary education at the Sacred Heart Seminary in Victoria.
Legal career
In October 1894 he enrolled at the University of Malta and graduated as a lawyer in August 1901.
In 1901, he founded the Comitato Permanente Universitario, later known as University Students' Council, the Maltese national student union and the oldest organization of its kind in Europe.
Mercieca pursued further studies via scholarships in London and Rome (1902–1903), and started to practise his profession in 1903.
He became an assistant crown advocate in 1915, crown advocate in 1919, and a judge in 1921. Mercieca was appointed Chief Justice of Malta in 1924. He was made a Knight Bachelor in the 1926 New Year Honours.
Pro-Italian views and internment
At the start of the 20th century, he was closely involved with various organizations with a pro-Italian stance such as Giovine Malta, Malta Letteraria, and Associazione Politica Maltese.
Rising concern in the mid-1930s about possible Italian espionage activities in Malta gave rise to significant British counter-espionage activity, including the 1936 expulsion of the Italian Consul General. In 1935, Major Bertram Ede, one of Vernon Kell's MI5 operatives "reported adversely on the pro-Italian sympathies of the Chief Justice, Sir Arturo Mercieca, but although these led to Mercieca's arrest and detention in Uganda during the Second World War, no action was taken against him in 1935". In 1937, Sir Charles Bonham-Carter, Governor of Malta, "wished to remove [Mercieca], who made no secret of his pro-Italian sympathies, but Ormsby-Gore, the Colonial Secretary declined to accept this recommendation". On 11 June 1940, the day after Italy declared war on Britain and France, aircraft of the Italian Royal Air Force (Regia Aeronautica) attacked Malta. Mercieca was compelled to resign the Chief Justiceship to avoid removal and was among those for whom the Governor issued detention orders under the terms of the Malta Defence Regulations. He was interned and then in 1942 deported to Uganda, together with his wife and daughter and about 60 other Maltese nationals. Their exile in Uganda lasted until early 1945.
Author
He published his autobiography, Le Mie Vicende in 1946, translated into English as 'The Unmaking of A Maltese Chief Justice'. He also published studies in local historical reviews such as Archivum Melitense, Malta Letteraria and Melita Historica, and in Italy in Archivio Storico di Malta.
Family
He married Josephine Tabone in 1909 and they had eight children. He died on 31 July 1963.
Notes
1878 births
1963 deaths
University of Malta alumni
20th-century Maltese judges
Chief justices of Malta
Knights Bachelor
Maltese knights
People from Victoria, Gozo
Crown Colony of Malta judges | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arturo%20Mercieca |
The IIFA Award for Best Music Director is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the actual ceremony.
Superlatives
List of winners
A.R. Rahman (8 wins) is the most awarded artist, followed by Amaal Mallik (4) and Pritam (4), Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy (3). Anu Malik is the artist with most nominations (7) without a win.
The winners are listed below:
See also
IIFA Awards
Bollywood
Cinema of India
External links
Official website (archived)
International Indian Film Academy Awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIFA%20Award%20for%20Best%20Music%20Director |
ObjectARX (AutoCAD Runtime eXtension) is an API for customizing and extending AutoCAD. The ObjectARX SDK is published by Autodesk and freely available under license from Autodesk. The ObjectARX SDK consists primarily of C++ headers and libraries that can be used to build Windows DLLs that can be loaded into the AutoCAD process and interact directly with the AutoCAD application. ObjectARX modules use the file extensions .arx and .dbx instead of the more common .dll.
ObjectARX is the most powerful of the various AutoCAD APIs, and the most difficult to master. The typical audience for the ObjectARX SDK includes professional programmers working either as commercial application developers or as in-house developers at companies using AutoCAD.
New versions of the ObjectARX SDK are released with each new AutoCAD release, and ObjectARX modules built with a specific SDK version are typically limited to running inside the corresponding version of AutoCAD. Recent versions of the ObjectARX SDK include support for the .NET platform by providing managed wrapper classes for native objects and functions.
The native classes and libraries that are made available via the ObjectARX API are also used internally by the AutoCAD code. As a result of this tight linkage with AutoCAD itself, the libraries are very compiler specific, and work only with the same compiler that Autodesk uses to build AutoCAD. Historically, this has required ObjectARX developers to use various versions of Microsoft Visual Studio, with different versions of the SDK requiring different versions of Visual Studio.
Although ObjectARX is specific to AutoCAD, Open Design Alliance announced in 2008 a new API called DRX (included in their DWGdirect library) that attempts to emulate the ObjectARX API in products like IntelliCAD that use the DWGdirect libraries.
References
See also
Autodesk Developer Network
Autodesk
AutoCAD
Application programming interfaces | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ObjectARX |
The Philadelphia Society for the Preservation of Landmarks (aka Landmarks) founded in 1931, maintains and preserves four historic house museums in the region around Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. These are:
Grumblethorpe
Hill-Physick-Keith House
Powel House
Waynesborough
These are open for the education and enjoyment of the public and its members.
History
The Philadelphia Society for the Preservation of Landmarks has played a significant role in the historic preservation movement in Philadelphia by restoring, furnishing and presenting to the public its distinguished house museums.
Landmarks has an interesting history of its own. In 1931, roused by the news that the historic Powel House was to be demolished in six weeks, Frances Anne Wister and Sophia Cadwalader and a group of strong supporters (including famous names like Biddle, Barnes, Curtis and Lippincott) founded Landmarks to save the house. The newly formed Landmarks was successful despite the economic depression of the time and within another ten years had acquired Grumblethorpe in Germantown. In the late 1960s, Ambassador and Mrs. Walter Annenberg restored the stately Hill-Physick-Keith House and then donated the house to Landmarks. In 1981, Landmarks entered into an agreement with Easttown Township in Chester County, Pennsylvania to administer Historic Waynesborough.
Today, Landmarks carries on the vision of Miss Wister by managing the four house museums and bringing thousands of visitors and schoolchildren each year to learn about Philadelphia's history.
For the last decade Landmarks has served as the sponsor in the Philadelphia Region for the world-renowned Road Scholar program (formerly known as Elderhostel). On average each year, Landmarks Road Scholar Program attracts over 2,000 visitors to the Philadelphia Region to enjoy its many historical and cultural resources. Landmarks Road Scholar ranks 20th out of a total of 638 sponsors around the world. Landmarks is a major supporter of the Philadelphia Orchestra, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia Flower Show and The Barnes Foundation among others through its purchase of admission tickets to these fine organizations. Accounting for over $500,000 in purchases of hotel rooms and services throughout the region, Landmarks Road Scholar plays a significant role in the Philadelphia Region's tourism economy.
Landmarks Contemporary Projects
For over eighty years, the Philadelphia Society for the Preservation of Landmarks has played a significant role in the historic preservation movement in Philadelphia by restoring, furnishing and presenting to the public its four distinguished house museums: Grumblethorpe, Physick House, Powel House and Waynesborough. While remaining committed to preserving and interpreting the past, Landmarks is moving into the future with a renewed mission to expand beyond business-as-usual, explore new conceptual territories, create new collaborations and make its houses relevant to today's audiences. To that end, working with founding curator Robert Wuilfe, the organization in 2006 created a new program called Landmarks Contemporary Projects.
Landmarks Contemporary Projects is a program of exhibitions, residencies, screenings, lectures, performances and educational strategies that is bringing new and experimental contemporary culture from Philadelphia and beyond to historic sites. Landmarks Contemporary Projects tries to provide a thoughtful alternative for audiences, creative opportunities for artists and new partnerships with other organizations. The core of the program is an exhibition/residency program in which Landmarks invites artists to explore and react to its properties and collections and create site-specific installations. By providing an experimental atmosphere in which artists are free to create new work and question basic assumptions of historical preservation, Landmarks hopes to stimulate discourse and challenge accepted approaches to both house-museums and contemporary art.
To date, Landmarks Contemporary Projects has offered opportunities to a wide range of emerging and established artists. Projects thus far have included:
Megawords
Candy Depew
An ongoing partnership with Bowerbird
David Gatten
Roxana Perez-Mendez
Karen Kilimnik
Caitlin Perkins
Zoe Cohen
Virginia Maksymowicz
Michelle Wilson
Caroline Lathan-Stiefel
Phuong X. Pham
Marie H. Elcin
J. Makary
Nadia Hironaka and Matthew Suib
See also
External links
Landmarks Contemporary Projects
Frederick James's 1881 painting, Mischianza, showing Grumblethorpe
Heritage organizations
Organizations based in Pennsylvania
Organizations based in Philadelphia
History of Philadelphia
Society for the Preservation of Landmarks
Society for the Preservation of Landmarks
1931 establishments in Pennsylvania
Organizations established in 1931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia%20Society%20for%20the%20Preservation%20of%20Landmarks |
Chippy or Chippie may refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Chippy (album), an album of songs from a play of the same name.
Chippy (film), a 2017 Malayalam-language Indian film.
Chippy (2019 video game), a bullet hell video game developed by Facepunch.
Chippy (2013 video game), a time management video game produced by Glitchers.
People and fictional characters
Chippy (nickname)
Other uses
Mrs Chippy, a cat that accompanied Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–17
Chippy, a brand of corn chips in the Philippines, made by Universal Robina
Chippy, a slang term for a carpenter, in the List of words having different meanings in American and British English (A–L)
Fish and chip shop, known colloquially in British English as a chippy
See also
Chippi (disambiguation)
Chippie, a German former radio program
Bertha Hill (1905–1950), American singer and dancer nicknamed "Chippie"
Potato chip, known colloquially in the north of New Zealand as chippies
Lowell Chippies, an American minor league baseball team which played in the New England League in 1888
Zippy Chippy, a racehorse that has lost over 100 races | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chippy |
Be Prepared may refer to:
"Be Prepared", the Scout Motto of the Scouting movement
"Be Prepared", a song originally on Tom Lehrer's studio album Songs by Tom Lehrer parodying the Scouts
"Be Prepared" (song), a song originally from the Disney film The Lion King
"Be Prepared" (Tim Rogers song), an alternative rock song
"Be Prepared" (That's So Raven), an episode of That's So Raven | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%20Prepared |
The Hardest Part can refer to:
The Hardest Part (Allison Moorer album), an album by Allison Moorer released in 2000
The Hardest Part (Noah Cyrus album), an album by Noah Cyrus released in 2022
"The Hardest Part" (Blondie song), 1980
"The Hardest Part" (Coldplay song), 2006
"The Hardest Part", a song by Nina Nesbitt from her 2014 album Peroxide | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Hardest%20Part |
Terrafugia () is a Chinese-owned corporation, based in Woburn, Massachusetts, United States that is developing a roadable aircraft called the Transition and a flying car called the TF-X. The Transition and TF-X are designed to be able to fold their wings, enabling the vehicles to also operate as street-legal road vehicles.
In January 2021, Terrafugia announced that the Transition received a Special Light-Sport Aircraft (LSA) airworthiness certificate from the FAA for the Transition to be flown only, with road use approval to follow in 2022.
In February 2021 the company had laid off the majority of its employees, planned to close its US operations and re-establish in China.
Founding and financial history
Terrafugia was founded by graduates of the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and graduates of the MIT Sloan School of Management. Their team and business plan was the runner-up for the 2006 MIT $100K Entrepreneurship Competition. Terrafugia was then incorporated May 1, 2006, with much of the initial funding coming from CEO and founder Carl Dietrich's US$30,000 Lemelson-MIT Student Prize. The first round of convertible note financing began at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh 2006 and closed December 21, 2006, raising US$258,215. Five additional rounds of convertible note financing followed. The first round of equity financing closed in 2008 and raised US$1,531,323. Another round of equity financing was initially planned for 2009; the second and third rounds of equity financing raised US$2,037,680 in May, 2010 and US$960,418 in Dec, 2010. Another equity offering of US$3.5 million was reported in May, 2012 of which $1,020,369 had been sold. In October 2008, Terrafugia reported seeking reservations for airframe number 57 representing an order book of more than US$8 million. In March 2009, the company had received fewer than 35 aircraft reservations, but by September 2009, they had doubled that to 70; , 100 reservations were on deposit representing potential revenues above US$25 million.
In July 2017 the company was purchased by the Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, a Chinese corporate conglomerate that also owns the Volvo and Lotus Cars automobile companies, with the purchase finalized in November 2017.
The company started 2017 with 20 employees and hired 75 more people during the year. It planned to hire an additional 50 people by December 2018. During that period the company increased the staffing levels at its Woburn, Massachusetts, headquarters, expanding the work force in engineering, accounting, human resources, marketing and also operations. A new research and development division was also established in Petaluma, California, intended to undertake all future engineering tasks.
In September, 2018, Terrafugia replaced Carl Dietrich as CEO with Chris Jaran. Dietrich remained in the CTO position. In April 2019, the company replaced CEO Chris Jaran with Chao Jing. Huaibing Wang became CFO. Dietrich announced his departure from Terrafugia at the same time.
In February 2021 the company had reportedly laid off 80-100 of its employees, a majority of the people who worked there. The company planned shutdown its US operations and re-establish in China.
Transition roadable aircraft
Terrafugia originally expected initial deliveries of the Transition light sport aircraft in 2015 or 2016. The estimated purchase price was originally announced as US$194,000 and was increased to US$279,000 . As a light sport aircraft, the pilot will be required to hold a Sport Pilot or higher certificate, which requires a minimum of 20 hours of dual instruction to obtain, as well as passing an FAA oral and practical examination. Owners will be able to drive amidst normal street traffic from their garage to an airport where the wings can be deployed for take-off and flight within a range of . It will carry two people plus luggage and will operate on a single tank of premium unleaded gas. The design of the production version was made public at AirVenture Oshkosh on 26 July 2010 and no longer included a front canard.
The Transition Proof-of-Concept's maiden flight on 5 March 2009 lasted 37 seconds and covered of the runway at the Plattsburgh International Airport. The test pilot then conducted 6 additional takeoffs and landings.
In June 2010, the FAA granted Terrafugia an exemption for the Transition's extra takeoff weight. The added weight accommodates the Transition's road safety features, which is needed to comply with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards. On June 29, 2011, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration also granted exemptions allowing the Transition to use a polycarbonate windshield, to use tires suited for highway and aircraft use but not typically certified for multi-purpose vehicle use, to not include an electronic stability control system that could inadvertently cut engine power during flight, and finally, to use regular instead of advanced airbag deployment.
After undergoing drive tests and high-speed taxi tests, the production prototype completed its first flight on March 23, 2012 at Plattsburgh, New York.
The production prototype then made its auto show debut at the 2012 New York International Auto Show in April, 2012.
In June, 2012, Terrafugia announced that the Transition had completed the first of six phases of flight testing.
By July, the second phase of testing was underway, expanding the performance envelope in the sky and continuing drive testing on the ground.
The company's next-generation concept, the TF-2, is an aircraft that would have carried both cargo and passenger loads.
DARPA Transformer (TX) Project
Transformer (TX) is a DARPA US$65m, five year, three phase program intended to develop a 'flying Humvee'. A Phase 1 proposal from AAI Corporation was awarded a US$3m contract in September, 2010 and incorporates deployable surfaces technology from subcontractor Terrafugia.
Terrafugia TF-X
On May 7, 2013, Terrafugia announced the successor of Transition, called the TF-X. TF-X is a plug-in hybrid tilt-rotor vehicle and would be the first fully autonomous flying car. It would have a range of per flight and batteries are rechargeable by the engine. It was expected to hit the market at least six years after Transition (2023).
References
External links
Terrafugia official website
Aircraft manufacturers of the United States
Car manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Massachusetts
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2006
Roadable aircraft | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrafugia |
COTC may stand for:
Canadian Officers' Training Corps, Canada's university officer training programme
Canadian Overseas Telecommunication Corporation, former name of VSNL International Canada
Car of the Century, an international award given to the most influential car of the Twentieth Century
Central Ohio Technical College, public two-year technical college based in Newark, Ohio, United States
Children of the Corn (disambiguation)
"Children of the Corn", a 1977 short story by Stephen King
Children of the Corn (film series), film series began with Children of the Corn, released in 1984
Children of the Corn (1984 film), the 1984 film derived from the aforementioned story
Children of the Corn (2009 film), 2009 made-for-television remake of the 1984 film
Children of the Corn (album), an album by Sopor Æternus & the Ensemble of Shadows
Children of the Corn (group), 1990's hip-hop group
"Children of the Korn", a song by Korn
Church of the Creator, a Christian-based faith organization in Ashland, Oregon, United States
Clash of the Champions, a semi-annual professional wrestling event held by the National Wrestling Alliance and later World Championship Wrestling
Craig of the Creek, a Cartoon Network TV series
Creativity Movement, a white supremacist church organisation based in Illinois, United States, formerly known as World Church of the Creator
Corn on the cob, a culinary term for a cooked ear of corn
Core of the Core, an oil and gas term for the geologic sweet spot in the center of the center of a desired area of interest.
See also | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COTC |
Paliouria (, before 1928: Ζημνιάτσι - Zimniatsi) is a village in northern Greece. It is located at the root of the west end of the Kamvounia (Καμβούνια) mountain chain, near the Haliacmon river. Its altitude is 500 m. It is part of the municipality Deskati, in the Grevena regional unit. It is located 50 km from Grevena and 15 km from Deskati. The native population calls Kamvounia by the names of Vounasia (Βουνάσια) or Bounassia (Μπουνάσσια). Paliouria has a resident population of about 500 people.
History
At the current location of the village, the Turkish road (named Jadés, lasting from 1881 to 1912) from Servia crossed with the road coming from Elassona - Deskati - Grevena. Through the northside of the village, in the Byzantine period of Emperor Basil II the Bulgarslayer, existed a road suitable for transportation with mules. According to the tradition, Zimniatsi (the old name for Paliouria) was formed from the union of 9 local settlements into one, in the Ottoman rule period. This was made in order for the villagers to protect themselves from the Turks. Each one of the settlements had its own parish. With time, those establishments have disappeared, and only presumptions can be made for the location of some of them.
After the annexation of Macedonia into Greece, in 1918 Zimniatsi was integrated in the community of Karpero. In 1928, Zimniatsi was renamed to Paliouria. It was declared a community in 1963 and today it is in the jurisdiction of the Municipality of Deskati. Until 1927 the village was populated by native stock farmers. After the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922), refugees came from Minor Asia and Pontos. With the refugees' advent, the physiognomy of the village changed, as the newcomers settled down in a separate area, at the one side of the village.
Local economy
The village people are mostly farmers, who cultivate corn, wheat and tobacco crops. A considerable number of them are dealing with stock farming (cows, sheep, goats) and they have created relevant modern units. The community merchandising revolves around small local businesses.
Sightseeing
Beautiful and old churches exist around Paliouria:
The Holy Trinity, at 500 m distance, NE of the village
Saint George, 1 km, SE
Saint Paraskevi, 1 km, SE
Saint Kyriaki, 1.5 km, W
In the village, there is the church of Zoodochos Pigi, which has been categorized as an archaeological monument.
References
Populated places in Grevena (regional unit)
Deskati | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paliouria |
The IIFA Award for Best Lyricist is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the actual ceremony. The award is given in the current year but the winner is awarded for the previous year.
Superlatives
Javed Akhtar has the most wins with 6 awards followed by Amitabh Bhattacharya(4) and Manoj Muntashir(3). Javed Akhtar also holds the record for most consecutive wins from 2001–02, 2004–05 and 2008–09 contributing to six awards.
List of Winners
The winners are listed below:
See also
IIFA Awards
References
External links
Official site
International Indian Film Academy Awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIFA%20Award%20for%20Best%20Lyricist |
Still I Can't Be Still is Idina Menzel's debut album, recorded and released in 1998. While wowing audiences in the original production of Rent, Menzel was offered a record deal with Hollywood Records. After selling less than 10,000 copies in the US and missing the Billboard 200, Menzel's label put the album out of print, and she was dropped from the label. However, demand for the album grew significantly after Menzel rose to a greater fame with her Tony-winning performance in Wicked, and was subsequently re-released in September 2005.
One single from the album, "Minuet," reached #48 on Radio & Records' CHR/Pop tracks chart in October 1998. As of March 2014, the album has sold 18,000 copies in the United States.
Track listing
"Minuet" – 4:18
"Larissa's Lagoon" – 4:18
"Follow If You Lead" – 4:08
"All of the Above" – 4:47
"Still I Can't Be Still" – 4:59
"Think Too Much" – 4:40
"Planet Z" – 3:57
"Fool Out of Me" – 4:27
"Reach" – 5:34
"Straw Into Gold" – 5:22
"Heart on My Sleeve" – 6:21
Personnel
Vocals - Idina Menzel
Production - Milton Davis, Florian Ammon
References
External links
Official Idina Menzel site
Idina Menzel albums
1998 debut albums
Hollywood Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20I%20Can%27t%20Be%20Still |
Cor or COR may refer to:
People
Cor people, an ethnic group of Vietnam
Cor (given name), including a list of people with the name
Jon Cor (born 1984), a Canadian actor
Places
Cor, Templeport, a townland in County Cavan, Ireland
California State Prison, Corcoran, Kings County, California, U.S.
Ingeniero Aeronáutico Ambrosio L.V. Taravella International Airport, Córdoba, Argentina, IATA airport code COR
Corby railway station, UK, station code COR
Corio railway station, Victoria, Australia, station code COR
County Cork, Ireland, Chapman code COR
Business and organizations
College of Radiographers (CoR), a charitable subsidiary of the Society of Radiographers
Committee of the Regions (CoR), the European Union's assembly of local and regional representatives
Commonwealth Oil Refineries, an Australian oil company 1920–1952
Confederation of Regions Party of Canada (CoR), Canadian political party
Contracting Officer's Technical Representative, or Contracting Officer's Representative, in U.S. government procurement
Kashruth Council of Canada, known as COR, a Canadian kosher certification agency
Championship Off-Road (COR), an American off-road racing series
Languages
Cor, a dialect of Cua language (Austroasiatic)
Cornish language, ISO 639-2/3 language code cor
Science and technology
Coefficient of restitution, the ratio of the final to initial relative velocity between two objects after they collide
Coronatine, a toxin
Other uses
COR or Korea Team, IOC country code for Korea
cor, a "Technical Corrigendum" for ISO standards, see International Organization for Standardization
Cor!!, a British comic book
Cor (album), by Brazilian duo Anavitória
Comando per le Operazioni in Rete, Italian cyberwarfare military unit
See also
Cor blimey (disambiguation)
Cor Jesu (disambiguation)
Epistles to the Corinthians (disambiguation)
Cor anglais, woodwind instrument
Cor bovinum and Cor triatriatum, heart disease and defect
Cor Caroli and Cor Hydrae, stars
Côr Cymru, Welsh choir competition
Cor Scorpii, Norwegian metal band
Cor Serpentis, 1958 science fiction short story
Pontifical Council Cor Unum, former Roman Catholic organisation
Heart-nosed bat, Cardioderma cor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cor |
The Georgia Midland Railroad was a shortline railroad that operated several lines in Georgia that it acquired in 2004 from the initial operations of Ogeechee Railway. In 2009 the Georgia Midland was purchased by Pioneer RailCorp from Atlantic Western Transportation Company, the holding company for the Heart of Georgia Railroad. Pioneer renamed the railroad as the Georgia Southern Railway. Hauling an average of 5000 carloads per year of aggregate sand, stone, farm products and wood, the Georgia Midland Railroad connected with the Norfolk Southern Railway.
Initially the Georgia Midland operated three branch lines, all within Georgia, connecting Roberta through Fort Valley to Perry, Dover through Statesboro to Metter, and Ardmore to Sylvania. Subsequently the Ardmore-Sylvania line was returned to Ogeechee Railroad, which now operates it.
In 2006 the Georgia Midland was named Short Line Railroad of the Year by railroad industry trade journal Railway Age.
References
Georgia (U.S. state) railroads | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20Midland%20Railroad |
Pionersky (masculine), Pionerskaya (feminine), or Pionerskoye (neuter) may refer to:
Pionersky, Kaliningrad Oblast, a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia
Pionersky, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, an urban-type settlement in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russia
Pionersky, Sverdlovsk Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia
Pionerskaya metro station (disambiguation), name of several metro stations in Russia
Pionerskaya railway station, name of closed railway stations in Saint Peterburg, Russia.
Pionerskaya Station (Antarctica), a Soviet station in Antarctica
Pionerskoye, a rural locality in Leningrad Oblast, Russia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pionersky |
Michael Crawford (born 1942) is an English actor and singer.
Michael Crawford may also refer to:
Michael Crawford (historian) (born 1939), numismatist and ancient historian
Michael Crawford (cricketer) (1920–2012), English cricketer
Michael Lindsay Coulton Crawford, Royal Navy submariner
Mike Crawford (born 1974), former NFL and XFL linebacker
Michael Crawford, Canadian NDP candidate for the riding of Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo in the 2008 Canadian federal election
Michael Crawford, a character from the soap opera The Young and the Restless | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Crawford%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Michael Graham Vickers (born 18 April 1940) is an English musician who came to prominence as the guitarist, flautist, and saxophonist with the 1960s band Manfred Mann.
Early life
Vickers was born in Staines-upon-Thames, Surrey. At the age of seven, his family moved to Scotland, and when he was eleven, to Southampton, where he attended King Edward VI school.
Career
Manfred Mann
Vickers originally played flute and saxophone, but with the increasing popularity of guitars in bands, it was decided that Manfred Mann should have a guitarist in their lineup. Vickers volunteered for this role, though he always preferred playing woodwind. His tough flute soloing on hard blues tracks, such as "Without You", prefigured the work of Ian Anderson with Jethro Tull five years later. As the group were all multi-instrumentalists, multi-tracking was used to allow Vickers to perform on guitar and woodwind on the same recordings, while drummer Mike Hugg similarly doubled on vibraphone.
He was credited as a co-writer on Manfred Mann's early hit singles and contributed a few tracks to albums, including "The Abominable Snowmann" and "You're for Me". In 1965, his bandmate Tom McGuinness described him as "the nicest one of the group…nice nearly all the time. But when he's nasty he just can't be nice about it." McGuinness added: "He collects saxophones – which we buy for him."
By 1965, according to McGuinness, Vickers was already "recording with his own orchestra and looks like becoming a definite threat to Semprini".
Solo
At the end of 1965, Vickers quit Manfred Mann, although his first solo album, I Wish I Were a Group Again, did not appear until 1968. In June 1967, Vickers conducted the orchestra for the live recording of the Beatles' "All You Need Is Love", which was shown on live TV across the world when communications satellite technology was celebrated by a worldwide linkup.
Vickers continued as a composer and arranger for records, television shows, and films. He composed "Pegasus", the theme from the cult ITV series The Adventures of Don Quick in 1970. One of his most familiar TV compositions is "Jet Set", which was used as the theme music for the NBC game show Jackpot in 1974–75, and as opening music for the sports series This Week in Baseball from 1977, until the programme's end in 2011. However, he did not write TWIB'''s iconic closing theme, "Gathering Crowds"; that was written by John Scott. His film work includes the scores to The Sandwich Man (1966), Press for Time (1966), My Lover, My Son (1970), Please Sir! (1971), Dracula A.D. 1972 (1972), The Sex Thief (1973), and the fantasy films At the Earth's Core (1976) and Warlords of Atlantis (1978).
Vickers was an early user of the Moog synthesizer and found work outside his usual composing and arranging jobs as a programmer and performer of Moog equipment in the late 1960s, including teaching the Beatles how to use the Moog during recording sessions for the Abbey Road album.
He also founded the Baker Street Philharmonic, releasing singles, EPs, and four albums between 1969 and 1972. His instrumental piece "Visitation", composed and recorded in 1971, was used in the Polish television science series Sonda, broadcast between 1977 and 1989.
The Manfreds
From 1992 to 1999, Vickers was a member of the Manfreds, an amalgamation of 1960s Manfred Mann members and associates that featured both Paul Jones and his successor, Mike d'Abo, on vocals, the latter also playing keyboards. Vickers played only woodwind instruments—alto saxophone, flute, and occasionally recorder—in this ensemble. In some of the later hits, such as "Semi-Detached, Suburban Mr. James", he reproduced woodwind parts that had been performed on the original studio versions by his successor in Manfred Mann, Klaus Voormann.
Discography
with Manfred Mann
The Five Faces of Manfred Mann (1964)
The Manfred Mann Album (1964)
My Little Red Book of Winners! (1965)
Mann Made (1965)
Solo
Wish I Were a Group Again (1968)
with the Manfreds
5-4-3-2-1 (1998)
Live'' (1999)
References
External links
1940 births
20th-century English musicians
21st-century English musicians
21st-century saxophonists
21st-century flautists
English rock guitarists
English rock saxophonists
British male saxophonists
Rock flautists
English multi-instrumentalists
Living people
Musicians from Southampton
British television composers
Manfred Mann members
British rhythm and blues boom musicians
English male guitarists
The Manfreds members
People educated at King Edward VI School, Southampton
English blues musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Vickers |
This is a list of notable people who are ufologists (UFO researchers).
Argentina
Juan Posadas, (1912–1981), Trotskyist theorist who blended together Trotskyism and Ufology. Posadas' version of Trotskyism is regarded as its own strain, and called Posadism.
Fabio Zerpa, (1928–2019), parapsychologist and UFO researcher.
Brazil
Ademar José Gevaerd (b. 1962)
Canada
Paul Hellyer, (1923–2021), Canadian Defense Minister.
Stanton Friedman, (1934–2019), U.S. born Canadian ufologist, former nuclear physicist, did early research on Roswell and also MJ-12 documents.
Estonia
Igor Volke (b. 1950), ufologist and researcher of environmental anomalies
France
Jacques Bergier (1912–1978), writer, co-wrote the best-seller The Morning of the Magicians.
Rémy Chauvin (1913–2009), biologist and entomologist.
Robert Charroux (1909–1978), writer, promoted the Ancient astronauts theory.
Aimé Michel (1919–1992), writer and ufologist.
Jacques Vallée (b. 1939) computer scientist and author, important figure in the UFO studies in France and in the United States. Promoted the extraterrestrial hypothesis and later the interdimensional hypothesis.
Indonesia
J. Salatun, (1927–2012), pioneer of UFO research in Indonesia.
Italy
Monsignor Corrado Balducci, (1923–2008), Roman Catholic theologian of the Vatican Curia long time exorcist for the Archdiocese of Rome.
Mexico
Jaime Maussan, (b. 1953), Mexican journalist and ufologist.
Romania
Dan Apostol, (1957–2013), writer and researcher specialized in several domains.
Doru Davidovici, (1945–1989), fighter pilot and writer. Author of the best-seller Lumi Galactice – colegii mei din neștiut ("Galactic worlds – my colleagues from the unknown")
Ion Hobana (1931–2011), science fiction writer, literary critic and ufologist.
Spain
Iker Jiménez Elizari (b. 1973), journalist born in the Basque city of Vitoria. He's licensed in Sciences of the Information by the Complutensian University of Madrid and the European University of Madrid. His wife, Carmen Porter, is also a journalist and investigator on paranormal activity; both work together in the show Cuarto Milenio, in the TV network Cuatro, and its radio version Milenio 3 in Cadena SER, about paranormal activity, Ufology and other mysteries.
Switzerland
Billy Meier, (b. 1937)
Erich von Däniken, (b. 1935), controversial Swiss author best known for his books which examine possible evidence for extraterrestrial influences on early human culture.
Giorgio A. Tsoukalos, (b. 1978), probably best known for his work on Ancient Aliens and alien memes.
United Kingdom
Brinsley Le Poer Trench, (1911–1995), ufologist and a believer in flying saucers, and in particular, the Hollow Earth theory.
Timothy Good (b. 1942), British researcher and author.
Graham Hancock, (b. 1950), is a British writer and journalist. He is known for his pseudoscientific theories involving ancient civilisations, Earth changes, stone monuments or megaliths, altered states of consciousness, ancient myths, and astronomical or astrological data from the past.
George King, (1919–1997) regarded himself as "Primary Terrestrial Mental Channel" for great and evolved extraterrestrial Intelligences.
Elizabeth Klarer, (1910–1984), South African contactee and UFO photographer.
Nick Pope, (b. 1965), Former head of the UFO desk, Ministry of Defence; author of Operation Thunder Child.
Jenny Randles, (b. 1951), British author and former director of investigations with the British UFO Research Association (BUFORA).
Nick Redfern (b. 1964), British ufologist/Cryptozoologist now living in Dallas, Texas, US.
Peter A. Sturrock (b. 1924) British scientist. An emeritus professor of applied physics at Stanford University, much of Sturrock's career has been devoted to astrophysics, plasma physics, and solar physics, but Sturrock is interested in other fields, including ufology, scientific inference, the history of science, and the philosophy of science.
Colin Wilson, (1931–2013), English philosopher and author of Alien Dawn (1999).
United States
George Adamski (April 17, 1891 – April 23, 1965), controversial UFO contactee and known hoaxer of the 1950s, wrote several bestselling books about his encounters with friendly "space brothers" from other planets.
Orfeo Angelucci (aka Orville Angelucci) (June 25, 1912 – July 24, 1993), one of the most unusual of the mid-1950s UFO contactees.
Art Bell (birth name: Arthur William Bell, III) (June 17, 1945 – April 13, 2018), U.S. radio broadcaster and author, known primarily as the founder and longtime host of the paranormal-themed radio program Coast to Coast AM.
William J. Birnes, American writer, editor, book publisher and literary rights agent. He is best known as an active publisher of UFO literature (UFO Magazine) and is a New York Times bestselling author.
Jerome Clark (b. 1946), UFO historian, author of the UFO Encyclopedia
Philip J. Corso (1915–1998), Army Military Intelligence officer, wrote highly disputed book on Roswell incident.
Robert Dean (March 2, 1929 – October 11, 2018), ufologist, reportedly read a document called An Assessment (1964), a NATO report on UFOs prompted by an incident on February 2, 1961 during which 50 UFOs allegedly appeared over Europe.
Tom DeLonge (born 1975), current singer and guitarist of blink-182 and founder of To the Stars Academy of Arts and Sciences
Glenn Dennis (March 24, 1925 – April 28, 2015), founder of the International UFO Museum and Research Center in Roswell, New Mexico, which opened in September 1991. Dennis is a self-professed witness to the Roswell incident (1947).
Danielle Egnew (b. February 28, 1969), American Psychic / Medium and Paranormal Radio, TV and Film host. Contactee who regularly reports on first-hand communication with extraterrestrial species along with detailed physics / design of extraterrestrial propulsion systems.
Raymond E. Fowler (b. 1934), long-time UFO investigator, details one of the best multiple witness alien abduction cases on record, author of The Andreasson Affair and The Allagash Abductions.
Daniel Fry (July 19, 1908 – December 20, 1992), American contactee who claimed he had multiple contacts with an alien and took a ride in a remotely piloted alien spacecraft on July 4, 1949.
Steven M. Greer (b. 1955), American physician known as a proponent of openness in government, media and corporations when it comes to advanced technologies that he and others believe to have been shelved and hidden from public awareness for reasons of profit and influence.
Richard H. Hall (December 25, 1930 – July 17, 2009), former assistant Director of NICAP in the 1960s, former director of the Fund for UFO Research in the 1980s.
Charles I. Halt,(b. 1939) retired USAF Colonel who was a key figure in the Rendlesham UFO incident in 1980.
Allan Hendry (b. 1950), astronomer, full-time UFO investigator for the Center for UFO Studies in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
Budd Hopkins (1931–2011), alien abduction researcher.
J. Allen Hynek (May 1, 1910 – April 27, 1986), astronomer, consultant to Project Blue Book (USAF). Founded CUFOS (Center for UFO Studies).
David M. Jacobs (b1942), alien abduction researcher.
Morris K. Jessup (March 2 or 20, 1900 – April 20, 1959), photographer, is probably best remembered for his pioneering ufological writings and his role in uncovering the so-called Philadelphia Experiment.
Leslie Kean - an investigative journalist and author who is most notable for books about UFOs and the afterlife.
John Keel (birth name: Alva John Kiehle) (March 25, 1930 – July 3, 2009), journalist, investigated the famous Mothman Sightings in West Virginia in 1966 and 1967.
Donald Keyhoe (June 20, 1897 – November 29, 1988), aviator and Marine Corps officer, was the leader of NICAP, the largest civilian UFO research group in the U.S., in the 1950s and 1960s.
Philip J. Klass (November 8, 1919 – August 9, 2005), senior editor of Aviation Week and Space Technology, leading UFO skeptic/debunker from mid-1960s until his death in 2005.
George Knapp (b. 1952), American investigative journalist.
Kevin H. Knuth, associate professor of physics at University at Albany, editor-in-chief of Entropy scientific journal, author of "Estimating Flight Characteristics of Anomalous Unidentified Aerial Vehicles" - scientific paper based on US Navy personnel UFO observations
Bob Lazar (b. 1959), owner of a mail-order scientific supply company who claims to have worked from 1988 until 1989 at an area called S-4 (Sector Four).
Avi Loeb (b. 1962) is an Israeli-American theoretical physicist who works on astrophysics and cosmology, Professor of Science at Harvard University. In 2018, he attracted media attention for suggesting that alien space craft may be in our solar system, using the anomalous behavior of ʻOumuamua as an example. He also claims that UFO needs serious scientific study, as part of SETI research
Bruce Maccabee (b. 1942), retired US Navy optical physicist, has analyzed numerous UFO videos and photos.
John E. Mack (1929–2004), Harvard psychiatrist/professor, alien abduction researcher.
James E. McDonald (1920-1971) Physicist and professor of meteorology at the University of Arizona. Noted critic of the Condon Report.
Jim Marrs (December 5, 1943 – August 2, 2017), conspiracy theorist, news reporter, college professor, and author of books and articles on a wide range of assorted conspiracy theories.
Riley Martin (May 9, 1946 – December 2015), self-described alien contactee, author, and radio host.
Donald Howard Menzel (1901–1976), professor of astronomy at Harvard University, leading UFO skeptic of the 1950s and 1960s.
James W. Moseley (1931–2012), editor of Saucer Smear, long-time observer, author and commentator of the UFO phenomena.
Linda Moulton Howe (b. 1942), journalist known for investigating cattle mutilations.
George Noory (b. 1950), broadcaster of the popular "Coast to Coast" radio broadcast; the program discusses paranormal events.
Curtis Peebles (1955–2017), aerospace historian for the Smithsonian Institution, also a leading UFO skeptic.
Kevin D. Randle (b. 1949), captain in the US Air Force Reserves; also a leading investigator of the Roswell incident in 1947.
Edward J. Ruppelt (July 17, 1923 – September 15, 1960), Air Force captain who supervised Project Blue Book, the Air Force's official study of the UFO phenomenon in the 1950s and 1960s.
Harley Rutledge (1926–2006), solid-state physicist, Southeast Missouri State University.
Robert Sheaffer (b. 1949), member of CSICOP's UFO subcommittee, a leading UFO skeptic/debunker.
Whitley Strieber (b. 1946), author of Communion, UFO researcher, paranormal phenomena expert, and alleged abductee.
Leonard H. Stringfield, (1920–1994), American ufologist who took particular interest in crashed flying saucer stories.
Michael D. Swords, biophysicist at Western Michigan University, prominent ufologist for the Center for UFO Studies.
Chan Thomas, an author on ancient cataclysms who researched purported UFO technology for McDonnell Douglas in the 1960s, and whose ideas went on to influence conspiracy theorists in the 2020s.
See also
Hermann Oberth (physicist, rocketry pioneer)
Wernher von Braun
References
External links
UFO-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ufologists |
Michael Hewson Crawford, (born 7 December 1939) is a British ancient historian and numismatist. Having taught at Christ's College, Cambridge and the University of Cambridge, he was Professor of Ancient History at University College London from 1986 until he retired in 2005.
Early life
Crawford was born in Twickenham on 7 December 1939. He was educated at St Paul's School, Oriel College, Oxford (BA, MA), and the British School at Rome.
Academic career
In 1964, Crawford was elected a research fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge. From 1969 until 1986 he was Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, and University Lecturer in Ancient History in the University of Cambridge. He was Professor of Ancient History at University College London from 1986 until 2005, becoming emeritus professor on his retirement. He continued to undertake some teaching in the Department of History and works on Projet Volterra.
In 1964/65, Crawford was Eliza Procter Visiting Fellow at Princeton University. He has also been a visiting professor at University of Pavia (1983 and 1992), École Normale Supérieure (1984), University of Padua (1986), University of San Marino (1989), University of Milan (1990), University of L'Aquila (1990), École pratique des hautes études (1997), and École des hautes études en sciences sociales (1999).
Honours
He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 1980, a Foreign Member of the Istituto Lombardo in 1990 and a Foreign Corresponding Member of the Institut de France in 2006. In 2001 he was appointed an Officier de l'Ordre des Palmes Académiques de la République Française. He was awarded the medal of the Royal Numismatic Society in 1984 and is also a member of the Italian Numismatic Society.
Publications
T.J. Cornell, M.H. Crawford, and J.A. North, Art and production in the world of the Caesars (Milan: Olivetti, 1987)
Michael H. Crawford, ed., L'Impero romano e le strutture economiche e sociali delle provincie (Como: Edizioni New Press, 1986)
Michael H. Crawford, Coinage and money under the Roman Republic: Italy and the Mediterranean economy (London: Methuen, 1985)
M.H. Crawford, A catalogue of Roman Republican coins in the collections of the Royal Scottish Museum, Edinburgh (Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Museum, 1984)
Michael Crawford and David Whitehead, Archaic and Classical Greece: a selection of ancient sources in translation (Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983)
Michael Crawford, ed., Sources for ancient history (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983)
Michael H. Crawford, La moneta in Grecia e a Roma (Bari: Laterza, 1982)
Michael Crawford, 'Economia imperiale e commercio estero', Tecnologia, economia e società nel mondo romano: Atti del Convegno di Como, 27–29 sett. 1979 (1980), 207–218
Michael H. Crawford, 'Ancient Devaluations: a general theory', Collection de l'École française de Rome 37 (1978) Les "dévaluations" à Rome. Epoque républicaine et impériale (Rome, 13–15 Nov 1975), 147–158
Michael H. Crawford, Roman Republican coinage (London: Cambridge University Press, 1974)
Mark Hassall, Michael Crawford, and Joyce Reynolds, 'Rome and the eastern provinces at the end of the second century B.C.', Journal of Roman Studies 64 (1974), 195–220
K.T. Erim, J. Reynolds, and M. Crawford, 'Diocletian's currency reform: a new inscription', Journal of Roman Studies 61 (1971), 171–177
Michael Crawford, Coin hoards and the pattern of violence in the late Republic (London: R. Clay & Sons, 1969)
M.H. Crawford, The financial organisation of Republican Spain, Numismatic Chronicle 9 (1969), 79–93
Michael H. Crawford, Roman Republican coin hoards (London: Royal Numismatic Society, 1969)
Michael H. Crawford, 'The edict of M. Marius Gratidianus', Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society (1968), 1–4
M.H. Crawford, 'War and finance', Journal of Roman Studies 54 (1964), 29–32
References
External links
Debrett's People of Today
1939 births
Living people
People associated with the History Department, University College London
Historians from Twickenham
English numismatists
English classical scholars
Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
People educated at St Paul's School, London
Fellows of Christ's College, Cambridge
Fellows of the British Academy
Members of the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies
Officiers of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques
Members of the University of Cambridge faculty of classics
Classical scholars of the University of London
Historians of ancient Rome
Contributors to the Oxford Classical Dictionary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Crawford%20%28historian%29 |
Melilotus albus, known as honey clover, white melilot (UK), Bokhara clover (Australia), white sweetclover (US), and sweet clover, is a nitrogen-fixing legume in the family Fabaceae. Melilotus albus is considered a valuable honey plant and source of nectar and is often grown for forage. Its characteristic sweet odor, intensified by drying, is derived from coumarin.
Melilotus albus is of Eurasian origin but can now be found throughout the subtropical to temperate zones, especially in North America, and is common in sand dune, prairie, bunchgrass, meadow, and riparian habitats. This species is listed as an "exotic pest" in Tennessee, "ecologically invasive" in Wisconsin, and a "weed" in Kentucky and Quebec.
Description
Melilotus albus is an annual or biennial legume that can reach in height. The light green stems are round or slightly terete (furrowed on all sides), glabrous (smooth), and often branched. The 1/2 - 2 inch long alternate leaves are trifoliate and sparsely distributed along the stem and alternate in arrangement. The upper stems terminate in narrow racemes of white flowers about 2-6 inches long that have a tendency to hang downward from the central stalk of the raceme. Each flower is about long, consisting of 5 white petals and a light green calyx with 5 teeth. Flowers are small, floppy, tubular at the base and become broader toward the outer edges and wing and keel petals are about equal in length. The ovoid seedpods are black to dark grey, smooth or slightly reticulated and about 0.3 inches long (3-4mm). Each pod usually contains one, but sometimes two, yellow seeds that are ovate to kidney-shaped. Plants generally flower and die during the second year of growth. The blossoming period occurs from early summer to fall, reaching its peak during mid-summer, and lasts for about 1–2 months for a colony of plants. An extensive root system of deep taproots imparts resistance to summer drought. The roots of M. albus are associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Similarity to other species
Like white sweetclover, yellow sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) is erect, tall, and branching, but is distinguished by yellow rather than white flowers. Though they share most botanical characteristics, yellow sweetclover is typically found in drier habitats and has a tendency to bloom about 2–4 weeks earlier than white sweetclover. Some authorities regard white and yellow sweetclover as the same species, in which case white sweetclover is referred to as Melilotus officinalis alba; however, most consider them to be separate species.
Sweetclover seedlings closely resemble those of alfalfa, but may be distinguished from alfalfa by the absence of pubescence on the underside of the leaves and by their bitter taste.
Distribution
White sweetclover is native to much of Asia and southern Europe, from France and Spain to Kazakhstan and Myanmar, and also northeastern Africa.
M. albus has been introduced from Eurasia into South Africa, North and South America, New Zealand, Australia, and Tasmania, as well as many parts of Europe outside its native range. In the US, the species is considered most common in the upper Midwest and Great Plains regions, including Kentucky, Nebraska, Tennessee and Wisconsin.
White sweetclover was brought to North America as early as 1664 as a forage crop. Since then, it has spread from cultivation and thrives in waste places and roadsides. White sweetclover is found in every state in the United States and all but 2 Canadian provinces. It establishes in aspen woodlands and prairies in Canada and the lower 48 states and riparian communities in Alaska. The early spread of M. albus was probably facilitated by beekeepers and agriculturalists, as it can be an important fodder crop and food source for honey bees, and it was brought to Alaska in 1913 as a potential forage and nitrogen (N) fixing crop.
Habitat
While it has a preference for full sun, slightly moist to dry conditions, and calcareous clay-loam or gravelly soil, M. albus is adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions and will grow in practically all soil types, including soils with very low nutrient levels, fine, and course-textured soils (though its size varies considerably with the moisture and fertility of the soil). Sweetclover is adapted to pH levels ranging from 5.0 to 8.0, is salt-tolerant, drought resistant, and winter-hardy. With a range that extends as far north as the Yukon and North West Territories in Canada and Alaska in the United States, M. albus occupies habitats with extreme weather, with rainfall being below 170 mm in some places and almost 4000 mm in others, and with the annual temperature in inland Alaska as low as -3.3 degrees Celsius. M. albus is drought tolerant due to long taproots and only requires adequate moisture for germination. It is then capable of development under extremely dry conditions.
However, M. albus is poorly suited for acid soils, is shade-intolerant, and cannot withstand prolonged flooding, though it is occasionally found on gravelly, open river banks subject to periodic flooding (e.g. in Southern Ontario, Canada).
M. albus can be found in limestone glades, thinly wooded bluffs, prairies, weedy meadows, and also open, disturbed sites, riparian areas, prairies, agronomic fields, pastures, roadsides, ditches, vacant lots, and in waste lands. It often grows where soil moisture is abundant, (e.g. southern California), and early in the succession or recently disturbed or bare sites.
Biology
Reproduction and phenology
White sweetclover has high seed germination rates. Most germination and development occurs in spring - temperatures of less than 59 degrees F are optimal for germination.
Interactions
Like other Melilotus spp., M. albus is a nitrogen-fixing plant, forming root nodules with rhizobium bacteria.
Uses
White and yellow sweetclover are considered valuable honey plants, and the foliage and seeds are consumed by wildlife. They are frequently cultivated for livestock forage and as a cover crop.
Melilotus albus has been promoted in Australia for use on dryland soils affected by salinity.
It has been used in herbal medicine. It includes dicoumarol, which is an anticoagulant. It also has a high sugar content.
As an invasive species
White sweetclover is listed as an "exotic pest" in Tennessee, "ecologically invasive" in Wisconsin, and a "weed" in Kentucky and Quebec. It has formed large monospecific stands along rivers in the southeast, southcentral, and interior Alaska, and extensive infestations of white sweetclover have been found on the Stikine, Nenana, and Matanuska Rivers. M. albus is typically more problematic or invasive in northern rather than southern temperate US grasslands, notably in the upper Midwest and Great Plains regions.
It is for its high value as a fodder crop that the risk of deliberate introduction to further countries is high. Seeds of M. albus are also sometimes introduced as impurities in seeds of other crops such as lucerne (Medicago sativa). M. albus is highly likely to be transported internationally both accidentally and deliberately, difficult to identify/detect as a commodity contaminant, and its seeds can persist in the ground for several decades and remain viable. Due to the long viability of seeds, sites must be monitored for many years following control actions.
Seefeldt et al. (2010) observed that moose ingest and spread viable seeds of M. albus and suggested that control of new infestations might be best carried out by following moose trails and monitoring for new patches of the weed.
Ecological impacts
M. albus has typical weedy attributes such as prolific seed production, persistence and presence along roadsides and railways, and as a result can negatively impact ecosystem services, wildlife habitats, and agriculture. White sweetclover degrades natural grassland communities by overtopping and shading native species. In the US, many studies have shown that M. albus adversely affects native grass and forb recruitment and growth, as well as restricting the establishment and growth of woody plant species. M. albus is a particular threat to prairies because it easily invades open areas and may compete for resources with native species. It is also undesirable on prairie reserves because it is a highly visible exotic when in flower. Additionally, M. albus can reduce native seedling recruitment along glacial river floodplains by directly competing with native plants for light and has the potential to alter sedimentation rates of river ecosystems.
As a nitrogen fixer, M. albus also has the potential to alter the soil nutrient status and modify the environment in nitrogen-poor ecosystems, often making them more attractive to other invasive species. M. albus and M. officinalis have been shown to increase the number of exotic species and decrease native species in montane grasslands.
In addition to fixing nitrogen and thus affecting edaphic conditions, this species offers considerable nectar and pollen resources to floral visitors with an extremely high number of flowers per plant [up to 350,000], particularly in comparison to native boreal insect-pollinated plants that offer less pollen and nectar rewards. As a result, M. albus invasions could also alter plant communities by changing the pollination and reproductive success of native boreal plants.
Prevention
As with many weedy invasive species that can invade native or improved grasslands, the best method of prevention is to maintain healthy natural communities or pastures/grasslands whose vegetation is disturbed as little as possible. The establishment and maintenance of a uniform, tall and vigorous perennial community can help resist the advance of species like M. albus. In natural areas, it has been shown that establishing a cover of desirable perennial species can eliminate white sweetclover in ± 2 years.
Control
Physical
White sweetclover can be managed using mechanical controls such as pulling, cutting, and mowing, but several treatments will be necessary each year until the seedbank is exhausted, and these techniques have given mixed results, sometimes reducing population size and seed production but sometimes dispersing the seed even more widely. Hand pulling can be used for control, but is usually only effective on very small, isolated populations, and is most effective when the ground is soft enough that the root can be removed.
Preliminary results from interior Alaska suggest that cutting second-year (flowering) plants at 1 inch or less in height and pulling first-year plants along with several inches of belowground material would provide effective control. If first-year plants are cut, they will resprout in the same year and could be cut again at a later time.
On some state lands in North Dakota that are not under management for prescribed burns, management procedure has been to mow in late spring/early summer. This generally reduces but does not prevent seed set, as flowering shoots can resprout from axils below the mow height. A power brush cutter can be used to cut the plants close to the ground before flowering.
Little information is available on grazing effects on sweetclover, but observations at the Ordway Prairie in South Dakota suggest that bison tend to avoid it while cattle consume it quite readily. Researchers recommend a May burn followed by grazing in September–October, but a high stocking rate is required.
Burning
Fire can have very mixed effects on M. albus. Burning can kill some existing plants but often stimulates seed germination when moisture conditions become favorable. The plant is well adapted to survive fire, especially in its second year. In addition, even if the plants themselves are killed by fire, the seeds can survive for long periods in the soil and their germination is stimulated by heat. Furthermore, the new seedlings take advantage of the lack of competition after fire has passed through an area. Though fire has been used successfully in the Midwestern states to stimulate germination, followed by a second burn to eliminate seedlings, attempts to recreate this effect in Alaska have been unsuccessful. While burning can be used to control the species if dormant-season fires used to promote germination of its seed are followed by growing-season fires to kill second-year plants and prevent seed production, this control method will also reduce native forbs.
Biological
Biological control options have not been investigated because the plant is valued as a forage crop, although White et al. (1999) suggested that the American native sweetclover weevil (Sitona cylindricollis) may provide some control when present in large numbers.
Chemical
Turkington et al. (1978) reported that Melilotus species are extremely sensitive to damage from widely used herbicides such as 2,4-D, MCPA, MCPB, 2,4-DB and dicamba, although it becomes harder to kill by its second year.
In Alaska, where M. officinalis is proving invasive, Conn and Seefeldt (2009) tested different herbicides in both glasshouse and field for their effectiveness. In the field they found that chlorsulfuron both reduced plant biomass and prevented seed production. Although clopyralid, 2,4-D and triclopyr reduced biomass, results using these chemicals varied from year to year.
Notes
References
US Department of the Interior, National Park Service, "Invasive Plants of Alaska", pp. 102–106, 2005
Joseph M. DiTomaso and Evelyn A. Healy, "Aquatic and Riparian Weeds of the West", California Weed Science Society, pp. 211–213, 2003
Howard Sheldon Coe, "Sweet Clover: Growing the Crop", US Department of Agriculture, 1917
R. H. M. Langer and G. D. Hill, "Agricultural Plants", 2nd Edition, pp. 244, 1991
Katie Spellman et al., "Effects of non-native Melilotus albus on pollination and reproduction in two boreal shrubs", Oecologia 179(2), pp. 495–507, 2015
Juan M. Zabala et al., "Breeding strategies in Melilotus albus Desr., a salt-tolerant forage legume", Euphytica 214(22), 2018
Jeffery S. Conn et al., "Ecology of Invasive Melilotus albus on Alaskan Glacial River Floodplains", Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 43(3), 2018
"GRIN Species Records of Melilotus" USDA Germplasm Resources Information Network [online database], 14 October 2008
"White Sweet Clover", Accessed 13 April 2018
"Melilotus albus (honey clover)", Invasive Species Compendium, Accessed 13 April 2018
"yellow sweet-clover", Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States, Accessed 13 April 2018
Nancy Eckardt, "Melilotus officinalis", BugwoodWiki, Last modified 17 February 2015 by Karan A. Rawlins, Accessed 13 April 2018
S.S. Seefeldt et al., "White sweetclover (Melilotus albus) and narrowleaf hawksbeard (Crepis tectorum) seed germination after passing through moose", Invasive Plant Science and Managements 3(1), pp. 26–31, 2010
D. J. White et al., Invasive Plants of Neutral Habitats in Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, 1993
R. A. Turkington et al., The biology of Canadian weeds, Melilotus alba Desr. And M. officinalis (L.) Lam., Canadian Journal of Plant Science 58(2), pp. 523–527, 1978
J. S. Conn and S. S. Seefeldt, "Invasive white sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis) control with herbicides, cutting, and flaming", Invasive Plant Science and Management 2(3), pp. 270–277, 2009
External links
Jepson Manual Treatment
Missouri Plants Photo Profile
Trifolieae
Flora of Europe
Flora of temperate Asia
Medicinal plants
Nitrogen-fixing crops | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melilotus%20albus |
Acoustic Soul is the debut studio album by American singer India Arie. It was released on March 27, 2001, by Motown. The album received seven nominations at the 44th Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year and Best R&B Album. Acoustic Soul was certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on December 17, 2003, denoting shipments in excess of two million copies in the United States.
Critical reception
Upon its release, the album received acclaim from music critics.
Track listing
Sample credits
"Video" contains an interpolation of "Fun" by Brick.
"Nature" contains an interpolation of "Quiet Storm" by Mobb Deep.
Personnel
Musicians
India Arie – vocals, acoustic guitar
Mark Batson – organ, synthesizer, bass, percussion, drums, keyboards, programming, Mellotron, Fender Rhodes
Carlos "6 July" Broady – programming
John Catchings – cello
Larry Goldings – organ, Wurlitzer, string contractor
Steve Grossman – percussion, drums
Tony Harrell – keyboards
Kerisha Hicks – background vocals
Judeth Insel – viola
Avery Johnson – bass
Bashiri Johnson – percussion
Doug Kahan – bass
Terry MacMillan – percussion
Blue Miller – acoustic guitar, guitar, electric guitar, programming, vocals, background vocals
Bob Power – bass, guitar, conductor, programming
Marlene Rice – violin
Ralph Rolle – drums
Joyce Simpson – background vocals
David Spak – percussion
Laurneá Wilkerson – background vocals
Nioka Workman – cello
Technical
Producers: India Arie, Mark Batson, Carlos "6 July" Broady, Blue Miller, Bob Power
Executive producer: Kedar Massenburg
Engineers: Kevin Haywood, Avery Johnson, Jim Lightman, Blue Miller, Mark Niemiec, Bob Power, Lovis Scalise, Mike Tocci
Mixing: Kevin Haywood, George Karras, Jim Lightman, Chris Mazer, Blue Miller, Bob Power, Mike Shipley, Alvin Speights, Dave Way
Mastering: Chris Athens
Programming: Mark Batson
Assistant producer: Jason Breckling
String arrangements: Mark Batson
String engineer: Jon Smeltz
Creative director: Sandy Brummels
Product manager: Liz Loblack
Art direction: Annalee Valencia
Design: Annalee Valencia
Photography: Kwaku Alston, Michael Benabib
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Album review at BBC Online
Album review at Entertainment.ie
Album review at Los Angeles Times
2001 debut albums
Albums produced by Mark Batson
Albums recorded at Electric Lady Studios
India Arie albums
Motown albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20Soul |
Allison Baver (born August 11, 1980) is an American retired short track speed skater. A member of the U.S. short track speed skating squad beginning in 2002, Baver earned multiple medals in ISU World Cup competition. Baver competed in the 500m, 1000m, 1500m, and 3000m relay events and trained with the US permanent winter sports Olympic team in Salt Lake City, Utah. In the 2005–2006 season, she was ranked third overall in world rankings. In 2010, she won a bronze medal at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
Baver was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, on August 11, 1980. At age eleven, Baver competed in the National Roller Skating Championships in Philadelphia. At Wilson High School, she was a soccer player and cheerleader. She did not take up short track speed skating until her junior year of high school. In 2003, Baver graduated from Penn State with a Bachelor of Arts degree in marketing and management. Baver earned an MBA from the New York Institute of Technology.
In December 2021, Baver was indicted for allegedly defrauding the U.S. government during COVID-19 with fraudulent business claims in order to receive $10 million. According to the indictment, she claimed that her company, which she formed in 2019, had as many as 430 employees and a monthly payroll of over $4 million.
On June 29, 2023, a federal jury convicted Baver of two counts of making false statements designed to influence a bank, one count of money laundering, and one count of contempt. Her sentencing is set to take place in October 2023.
Athletic career
Baver competed in the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City. At the 2006 Winter Olympics, in Turin, Italy, Baver finished seventh in the Women's 500 m competition, following a third-place finish in Semifinal A and a collision with the Czech Republic's Kateřina Novotná in Final B, which took her out of the race for fifth place.
On February 25, 2007, Baver won her first U.S. National Championship. Between 2008 and 2010, Baver was represented by Wilhelmina Sports.
On February 8, 2009, Baver and teammate Katherine Reutter collided on the third lap of the 1500 m race in Sofia, Bulgaria. Baver fractured her leg in multiple places.
At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Baver competed in three events. In the 1500 m, Baver did not make it past the semifinals. In the 1000 m, Baver was disqualified in the heats. In the 3000 m relay, Baver's U.S. team finished fourth but were awarded the bronze medal after one of the teams was disqualified for an infraction. Baver competed in the relay heats and qualified for a medal.
Baver in 2016 was elected to a four-year term as one of seven vice presidents of the U.S. Olympians and Paralympians Association.
Film industry
On December 1, 2020, Variety reported that Baver's production company announced an upcoming slate of movies, television shows and documentaries. In addition to executive producing and acting, Baver serves as a series creator.
Baver appeared as a nurse and stand-in actress on Season 3 of Yellowstone, released in 2020, with Kevin Coster.
In 2020, Baver appeared as Summer Sanders, a reporter, in the film, Six Feet Apart. It was filmed and took place during the COVID-19 pandemic.
In 2021, Baver appeared in an uncredited role as Marsha Tanner in the film, No Man of God. It had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival on June 11, 2021, and was released in the United States on August 27, 2021, by RLJE Films. It was also executive produced by Allison Baver Entertainment.
Arrest, trial and conviction
On December 15, 2021, Baver was charged with fraudulently applying for $10 million in COVID relief payments and funneling some of the money to Elijah Wood's production company SpectreVision to fund the 2021 film, No Man of God, starring Wood. Prosecutors said Baver submitted eight Paycheck Protection Program loan applications in April 2020 seeking $10 million for her entertainment firm. In each request, Baver said her average monthly payroll was as much as $4.7 million, but she actually had no payroll at all, court documents show. Her criminal case is filed as United States v. Baver (2:21-cr-00520).
On January 18, 2022, Baver pled "not guilty" to nine federal charges. Following two postponements, her trial began on June 26, 2023.
On June 29, 2023, a federal jury convicted Baver of two counts of making false statements to a bank, one count of money laundering, and one count of contempt. She will remain out of custody until her sentencing, which is scheduled for January 30, 2024. Baver could spend up to 40 years in prison.
See also
List of Pennsylvania State University Olympians
World Fit
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
American female speed skaters
American female short track speed skaters
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in short track speed skating
Short track speed skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Reading, Pennsylvania
Smeal College of Business alumni
New York Institute of Technology alumni
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allison%20Baver |
Thomas Sven Moe (born February 17, 1970) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from the United States. An Olympic gold and silver medalist in 1994, he specialized in the speed events of downhill and super G.
Early years
Born in Missoula, Montana, Moe learned to ski and race at The Big Mountain near Whitefish, where his father was a member of the ski patrol. Moe refined his skills as a teenager in Alaska at Alyeska, near Anchorage, where he attended the Glacier Creek Ski Academy. He joined the U.S. Ski Team in 1986 at age 16.
Racing career
Moe made his World Cup debut at 17 and days before he turned 19, competed at the 1989 World Championships in Vail, Colorado, where he placed 12th in the downhill competition. He earned his first World Cup points (top 15) in March 1990 with a 13th-place finish at Åre, Sweden, the 1990 season's final race.
In a surprising performance in 1994 Winter Olympics at Lillehammer, Norway, Moe became the first American male ski racer to win two medals in a single Winter Olympics, with a gold in the downhill and silver in the super-G at Kvitfjell. At the time Moe was a resident of Alaska; after his Olympic victories his father was shown on television waving the Alaska state flag.
Of Norwegian ancestry, he quickly became a favorite with the crowd at Kvitfjell, despite edging out Kjetil André Aamodt of Norway by 0.04 seconds to take the gold medal in the downhill. He then placed second in the super-G on his 24th birthday, finishing 0.09 seconds behind Markus Wasmeier of Germany. His success came despite not having yet won a World Cup race, though he had attained three podiums and had raced well the previous twelve months, starting with a fifth place in the downhill at the 1993 World Championships in Japan. (He won a month after the Olympics, a super-G at Whistler, Canada, his sole World Cup victory).
Moe's best World Cup season was also in 1994, where he finished third in the super-G and eighth in both the downhill and overall standings. (Since 1971, the World Cup standings have not included the Winter Olympics or World Championships results.)
In March 1995, Moe suffered a right knee injury at Kvitfjell, on the same race course on which he won his Olympic medals thirteen months earlier. Following his recovery, he never regained his top form, and missed the World Championships in 1997 after a fluke thumb injury in late January required surgery. He returned in March and won the downhill at the U.S. Alpine Championships in Maine. Moe made his third U.S. Olympic team in 1998 at Nagano, and finished eighth in the super-G and twelfth in the downhill at Hakuba. He retired from competitive ski racing that June at age 28.
Career highlights
1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway: two medals
Gold medal in Downhill
Silver medal in Super-G (on his 24th birthday)
Five U.S. Alpine Championship titles
One World Cup victory (1994, super-G at Whistler)
Inducted into the National Ski Hall of Fame in 2003
World Cup results
Season standings
Race podiums
1 win - (1 SG)
7 podiums - (4 DH, 3 SG)
World Championship results
The Super-G in 1993 was cancelled after multiple weather delays.
Olympic results
After racing
Moe was inducted into the National Ski Hall of Fame five years later, and is currently a co-owner of Tordrillo Mountain Lodge in the Alaska Range and lives in Wilson, Wyoming. He serves as an ambassador of skiing at nearby Jackson Hole Mountain Resort.
Personal
Moe married longtime girlfriend Megan Gerety in 2003; they have two daughters and reside in western Wyoming.
References
External links
Tommy Moe World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation
U.S. Ski and Snowboard Hall of Fame – Tommy Moe
Jackson Hole.com – Tommy Moe
Tordrillo Mountain Lodge – Tommy Moe
Classic Mountain Zone.com – Tommy Moe – 1998 retirement
American male alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Missoula, Montana
Sportspeople from Anchorage, Alaska
American people of Norwegian descent
1970 births
Living people
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in alpine skiing
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in alpine skiing
People from Wilson, Wyoming | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Moe |
In archaeology, a flake tool is a type of stone tool that was used during the Stone Age that was created by striking a flake from a prepared stone core.
People during prehistoric times often preferred these flake tools as compared to other tools because these tools were often easily made, could be made to be extremely sharp & could easily be repaired. Flake tools could be sharpened by retouch to create scrapers or burins. These tools were either made by flaking off small particles of flint or by breaking off a large piece and using that as a tool itself. These tools were able to be made by this "chipping" away effect due to the natural characteristic of stone. Stone is able to break apart when struck near the edge. Flake tools are created through flint knapping, a process of producing stone tools using lithic reduction.
Lithic reduction
Lithic reduction is the removal of a lithic flake from a larger stone in order to reach the desired tool shape and size. The beginning stone is called the flake lithic core. There are three steps to lithic reduction:
Hard hammer percussion is the first step. It involves knocking off the larger flakes to achieve the desired lithic core for the flake tool. In using hard hammer percussion the flake tools were made by taking metamorphic or igneous rock such as granite or quartz and striking it against the stone. This method was often used to flake large core flakes of hard rock.
Soft hammer percussion is the second step. It involves using a hammer made of bone, which was often antler, in order to knock off flakes from the lithic core. Animal antlers such as moose, deer and elk were often the most common ones used. It allows the user more control over the size and shape of the flake knocked off. Soft hammer percussion was also used when the stone was more brittle.
Pressure flaking is the final step. It involves using a piece of bone, antler, or piece of hardwood in order to have more control of the flakes knocked off of the lithic core. One simply applies outward and downward pressure to achieve the final flake tool.
Types of stone used to create flake tools
Certain types of stone work better for creating flake tools than others. There are two important characteristics when it comes to creating flake tools, cryptocrystalline and conchoidal fracture. Cryptocrystalline relates to a stone structure that is made up of such minute crystals that its crystalline structure is only vaguely revealed. These cryptocrystalline rocks are composed of microscopic crystal like patterns. Since these rocks are not composed of large quartz crystals, they often break as easily as glass and then make conchoidal fractures. Conchoidal fracture describes the way in which materials break when they do not follow the natural planes of separation. These fractures are described as curved. When the stone is struck, the blow from the strike is distributed onto the rock in an even fashion, giving the fracture a radial appearance. The production of these lithic tools is only made possible due to their ability to fracture in this way. Examples of such materials include fine-grained materials, such as carbonado, volcanic rocks, obsidian, onyx, and types of glass. These would all be excellent materials for creating flake tools.
How archaeologists study flake tools
Flake tools can teach us much about human history. Residue analysis can be done to learn what was processed by the flake tools. Use-wear analysis can give archaeologists an idea of what the flake tool was used for. Archaeologists also use a process called re-fitting. This is the technological process of putting rock shards back together in their original shape in order to get a good idea of how the tool was created. All of these processes can help us to understand our human ancestors and how, why and when they created flake tools. These flake tools also have characteristics that show that these tools were made as a result of human work instead of natural processes. Each flake has 5 different parts: the first of which is a bulb of percussion which can also be known as the bulb of force. The next being an eraillure which is a flake that has been taken off of the lithic bulb of percussion. The third part of the flake is the radial fissures. The next part of the flake is the ripple marks followed by the negative flake scars which are located on the dorsal side from earlier flake markings.
References
Daredevil, T (ed.) (2003). Oxford Concise Dictionary of Archaeology, Oxford: Oxford University Press. .
"Flintknapping: Series in Ancient Technologies: The Office of the State Archaeologist at The University of Iowa since 1959." Flintknapping: Series in Ancient Technologies: The Office of the State Archaeologist at The University of Iowa since 1959. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2013.
Lithics
Archaeological artefact types | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flake%20tool |
Priiskovy (; masculine), Priiskovaya (; feminine), or Priiskovoye (; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Urban localities
Priiskovy, Zabaykalsky Krai, an urban-type settlement in Nerchinsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai
Rural localities
Priiskovy, Sverdlovsk Oblast, a settlement under the administrative jurisdiction of the City of Yekaterinburg in Sverdlovsk Oblast
Priiskovoye, a selo in Priiskovy Selsoviet of Ordzhonikidzevsky District of the Republic of Khakassia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priiskovy |
The 1996 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which spanned two years (1994–96), had 44 entrants. After the quarter-finals stage, Spain were chosen as the hosts of the final stages, consisting of four matches in total. Italy U-21s won the competition for the third consecutive time.
Format
No fewer than 13 newly independent nations competed for the first time – due mainly to the fall of Socialist rule in Europe in the early 1990s.
Russia, who competed in 1994 were joined by nine further former Soviet Union states: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova and Ukraine.
The exclusion (for political reasons) of the team from Serbia and Montenegro, then known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia continued. Croatia, Slovenia and the Republic of Macedonia were three former states of Yugoslavia who did compete though.
Czechoslovakia became two separate nations – teams from the Czech Republic and Slovakia complete the list of new entrants.
The 44 national teams were divided into eight groups (four groups of 5 + four groups of 6). The group winners played off against each other on a two-legged home-and-away basis to determine the final four, one of whom would host the last four matches. The top five nations qualify for the Atlanta '96 Olympics.
Qualification
List of qualified teams
1 Bold indicates champion for that year
2 As Czechoslovakia
3 As West Germany
Squads
Results
Quarter-finals
First leg
Second leg
Semi-finals
Third-place play-off
Final
Goalscorers
3 goals
Raúl
2 goals
Francesco Totti
Florian Maurice
Robert Pires
1 goal
Vladimír Šmicer
Robert Vágner
Patrick Moreau
Christian Nerlinger
Gábor Egressy
Károly Szanyó
Gábor Zavadszky
Christian Vieri
Hugo Porfírio
Dani
Óscar
Iván de la Peña
Roberto Fresnedoso
Christian Dailly
Simon Donnelly
Stephen Glass
Jim Hamilton
Scott Marshall
Own goal
Emílio Peixe (playing against Italy)
Iñigo Idiakez (playing against Italy)
Medal table and Olympic qualifiers
France, Italy and Spain qualify for Olympic Games finals.
Best losing quarter-finalists Hungary and Portugal also qualify.
Scotland do not compete in the Olympic Football Tournament (See Great Britain Olympic football team).
External links
Results Archive at uefa.com
RSSSF Results Archive ''at rsssf.com
UEFA European Under-21 Championship
International association football competitions hosted by Spain
UEFA
UEFA
UEFA
May 1996 sports events in Europe
1990s in Barcelona
Football in Barcelona
1996 in youth association football
Sports competitions in Barcelona
1996 in Catalan sport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20UEFA%20European%20Under-21%20Championship |
David Anthony Willis, known professionally as Ski Beatz, is an American record producer from Greensboro, North Carolina, mainly working in hip hop.
Biography
Discovered by DJ Clark Kent, Ski was originally known as "MC Will-Ski" in the late 1980s. He began his recording career in one of North Carolina's first hip hop groups The Bizzie Boyz, alongside Mixmasta "D" (Darius Owens, also from NC), Fanatic, and dancers Move & Groove. In the early 1990s, Ski moved to New York City and was a member of the group Original Flavor, the first group managed by future recording industry executive Damon Dash. In the mid-90s, Ski was working on duo Camp Lo's debut album Uptown Saturday Night when Dash called him in to work on the debut album of his own artist, Jay-Z. Jay's album, Reasonable Doubt, was released in 1996, marking Ski's first major production placement. Ski produced four tracks off the album, including the singles "Dead Presidents" and "Feelin' It".
After the critical success of Reasonable Doubt, Ski formed Roc-A-Blok Productions in affiliation with Jay and Dame's label, Roc-A-Fella Records, working with Camp Lo and Sporty Thievz. The producer crafted most of Camp Lo's debut, which dropped in 1997, and produced the Fat Joe single "John Blaze"; Ski continued to work with Jay-Z, on his second album In My Lifetime, Vol. 1 as well as non-solo albums and compilation projects, until 1998, when Jay released his third project Vol. 2... Hard Knock Life without beats from any of his former producers except for DJ Premier.
Though Roc-A-Blok Productions had since folded, Ski stayed somewhat active in music. Relocating to his home state of North Carolina for a break from New York City's fast-paced lifestyle, he continued producing for artists such as Nature, members of the New Jersey crew The Outsidaz, Lil' Kim, Foxy Brown, Ras Kass and Proof. The producer has continued to produce for Camp Lo, providing most of the production for their second album Let's Do it Again, as well as their third album, Black Hollywood.
Recently, Ski linked back up with Dame Dash, joining the entrepreneur's DD172 collective, subsequently nicknamed the 24-Hour Karate School. Since the foundation of the studio enclave, Ski has worked with Mos Def, Jay Electronica, Jean Grae and others; on April 30, 2010, he announced that he will be producing upcoming albums for Jean Grae, Joell Ortiz, Ras Kass and others, and will be producing all but three songs on the rapper Curren$y's 3rd album Pilot Talk; these artists are also all featured on the producer's upcoming solo debut, entitled 24 Hour Karate School in honor of the collective.
On July 14, 2012, Ski announced he has secured his own label deal, named "The Fresh Air Fund Music Group".
Discography
Studio albums
24 Hour Karate School (2010)
24 Hour Karate School 2 (2011)
24 Hour Karate School Presents: Twilight (2012)
Collaboration albums
Love and Rockets Vol. 1: The Transformation (with Murs) (2011)
Embedded (with Locksmith) (2011)
References
External links
Ski Beatz discography at Discogs
Interview, HitQuarters Nov 08
Year of birth missing (living people)
American hip hop record producers
American music industry executives
Hip hop record producers
Living people
Rappers from North Carolina
Businesspeople from Greensboro, North Carolina
Musicians from Greensboro, North Carolina
21st-century American rappers
Grimsley High School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ski%20Beatz |
The Ancestral Trail is a now out-of-print long-form fictional story woven throughout a 52-issue partwork children's magazine series that was originally-published between 1992 and 1994 by Marshall Cavendish in the United Kingdom and Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, Malta, Malaysia, Singapore and South Africa, as well as translated versions licensed to local publishers in France, Germany (where it was titled ), Italy (titled ), and Spain.
Launching as a fortnightly fantasy series, The Ancestral Trail Trilogy tells the continuing adventure of a young man called Richard, who is brought to The Ancestral World to help the inhabitants of that realm to repel an occupying force known as The Evil One and restore good to the world. Originally twenty-six issues were commissioned for the part-work. After a successful first year sales, with projections reported at over 30 million copies worldwide, the series was extended to fifty-two issues, where Richard's adventures continued into a futuristic science fiction world known as the Cyber Dimension.
Background and development
In 1992, The Ancestral Trail storyline was published by Marshall Cavendish, a UK-based publisher known for their part-work titles, from a trilogy submitted by South African author Frank Graves. Under commission by Marshall Cavendish Fergus Fleming created and added characters after the manuscript by Frank Graves was deemed unsuitable for their type of marketing installment release magazine format that Marshall Cavendish usually carried out, now to be included focusing each issue on a new environment, a new adversary and ending each issue or chapter on a cliffhanger which would be resolved in the subsequent issue. Each issue featured twelve illustrations drawn and painted by Julek Heller.
The Ancestral Trail was extended by a further twenty-six issues and orchestrated by Ian Probert. The second year extension incorporated computer-generated graphics by Mehau Kulyk with Heller's graphic work. As one of the first publications to combine paintings with digital renders, a problem arose when it was discovered that at the time there was no digital storage medium available of sufficient size capable of accommodating gigabyte-sized scans. A solution was found by scanning Heller's illustrations at a lower resolution of 200dpi (not 300dpi which is industry standard). "We spent a great deal of time worrying about the repercussions of doing this", Probert retold in a blog post years later. "Surprisingly, none of our readers noticed".
The magazine was launched with a television advertising campaign in December 1992, playing off the series tagline "an epic story of myths, monsters, and magic".
Synopsis
Richard is an ordinary boy who is plucked from his normal life to save the Ancestral World. On his way home, slips and falls, causing him to black out. When he wakes, he is in the Ancestral World, where he meets an old man named Golan, the last remaining Guardian of the Ancestral World and the Keeper of the Life Force. Golan explains that Richard is the prophecised "Chosen One", and that the Ancestral World is being destroyed by a being known as The Evil One who is close to winning the battle against the forces of good.
Due to Richard's oddly-colored eyes, it is believed that he can restore the balance between good and evil: Richard's green eye sees the good side of life; his gray eye sees the evil. Golan sends Richard on a quest to recover six Life Force Pods, which have been stolen by The Evil One, as well as free seven captured Guardians. Golan equips Richard with a tunic that turns him invisible, and a powerful amulet, to help him on his quest, which he must complete in twenty-six days. During his journey through the Ancestral World, Richard crosses paths with and is subsequently accompanied by Orkan, a half-boar-, half-man-being searching for survivors of the Final Battle, and the aged dwarf Melek, a scribe who fled the Ancestral City with two books that will become invaluable throughout Richard's journey. Additional allies are encountered throughout Richard's quest, which takes him around the Ancestral World and back to the Ancestral City for a final battle with The Evil One's forces.
Unexpectedly, Richard arrives in the Cyber Dimension, a metallic world where machines rule and carbon-based organisms cannot survive, and where The Evil One resides. Before Richard can return home to Earth, he must traverse this new world populated by evil robots and life-forms who obey The Evil One. Richard encounters a droid, known as Robo, who informs him the way to leave the realm is by collecting seven Omni Pieces. Eventually Richard also meets Teeza, a silicon-based marsupial-like creature called a Wigmat, who joins Richard's journey after Richard defeats a machine who eats his people. Teeza, like Robo, can also hold Omni Pieces and becomes invaluable to Richard when Robo is lost for a portion of the journey through the Cyber Dimension. Richard also learns that The Evil One can also use the Omni Pieces to open a gateway to Earth, leaving it ripe for his conquest.
The Ancestral World – issues 1–26
The first issue of The Ancestral Trail, titled The Moss Beast, was bundled with a four-panel presentation folder which outlined the series and a short prologue which set up the ongoing storyline.
The Cyber Dimension – issues 27–52
Additional magazine content
Every issue of The Ancestral Trail was augmented with additional print content to engage the reader. The inner front cover of each installment featured a prophecy which referred to the events of that tale, these were later replaced by binary messages from a screen that appears on Robo's chest. Decoding the binary message reveals the weakness of that issue's main villain. Various tasks were included in the issues including spotting hidden artwork, such as the characters of Shoomi and Shoobi, two friendly amphibian creatures who quietly followed Richard on his quest and who could be seen around two times in every issue. Fragments of the Evil One's mask and random other 'canon' imagery were also hidden in the background art, as well as then-contemporary computing tech within the Cyber Dimension artwork.
Within the inside flap back cover of each issue, as well as aerial fragments of a graphic map, enabling the reader to create an illustrated layout of the Ancestral World. Information cards were printed in each issue which outline the real world legends that the series' antagonists were based upon. These cards were replaced by 'Techscan Cards', which told the reader about various scientific principles and theories. Role-playing games based on the content were generated from both free trump card sets bundled with each issue and later printed within the inside cover. A single letter block would appear in each issue, generating an anagram needed to be solved to win a competition – the prize was an Atari ST computer for the first half of the magazine's run, and a Sega Mega Drive for the second half.
Magazine afterlife
In 1994, a graphic adventure computer game derived from (the Italian translation) was developed for both the MS-DOS and Amiga formats by the Italian company Hobby & Work. The Amiga version was never released due to the hardware being withdrawn from the Italian market, but the DOS version was published in a collection of floppy disks that were paired with the magazine. Additionally, an animated series was proposed for development by Saban International. After Marshall Cavendish closed its partwork division in 2002, all rights and International Publication Rights and Copyright to the series were returned to Frank Graves, who subsequently self-published his own adaption of the revised part-work narrative across three books in trilogy format, titled The Ancestral Trail; Long Ago & Far Away, New Time & Time Again and a newly written Once Upon a Time & Time Again.
References
External links
The Ancestral Trail Website
Arxane Ancestral Trail/Blogspot
Defunct literary magazines published in the United Kingdom
Fantasy fiction magazines
Fantasy books by series
High fantasy novels
Magazines established in 1992
Magazines disestablished in 1994
Partworks
Books illustrated by Julek Heller | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ancestral%20Trail |
Poetic contractions are contractions of words found in poetry but not commonly used in everyday modern English. Also known as elision or syncope, these contractions are usually used to lower the number of syllables in a particular word in order to adhere to the meter of a composition. In languages like French, elision removes the end syllable of a word that ends with a vowel sound when the next begins with a vowel sound, in order to avoid hiatus, or retain a consonant-vowel-consonant-vowel rhythm.
Many of these poetic contractions originate from archaic English. By the end of the 18th century, contractions were generally looked down upon in standardized formal writing. This development may have been influenced by the publication of Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language (1755).
List of common poetic contractions
References
Writing
English language | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetic%20contraction |
Time Odyssey may refer to:
Time Odyssey (album), a 1988 album by guitarist Vinnie Moore
A Time Odyssey, a series of novels co-written by Arthur C. Clarke and Stephen Baxter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20Odyssey |
The Estonian resistance movement (Estonian Eesti vastupanuliikumine) was an underground movement to resist the occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany, 1941–1944 during World War II. Due to the unusually benign measures implemented in Estonia by the German occupation authorities, especially in contrast to the preceding harsh Soviet occupation of Estonia (1940–1941), the movement was slower to develop effective tactics on a wide scale than in other occupied countries.
Background
While there was a general mood of gratitude towards Germany as the liberator of Estonia from Soviet occupation, this reservoir of goodwill dissipated within the first months of the war and was transformed into a mood ranging from resigned indifference to active hostility. Former Prime Minister Jüri Uluots' request to the German occupation authorities for the establishment of an independent Estonian Government was rejected and Adolf Hitler subsequently appointed Alfred Rosenberg as Reichkommissar. After it became clear that the Germans were against the restoration of independence of the Estonian state, this negative relationship between the new occupiers and the occupied was sealed. Public resentment began to grow against Germany from 1942 with the imposition of conscription for men into the police battalions, the introduction of the labour draft and the reduction of food rations, while the Estonian Self-Administration was held in contempt for attempting to enforce this conscription. Hjalmar Mäe, the head of the Self-Administration, became quickly unpopular for his criticism of President Konstantin Päts. He had been imprisoned by Päts' regime in 1935 for taking part of an alleged coup. Germans offered his position several times to Jüri Uluots, who refused.
The Estonian people regarded German occupation with greater bitterness than the previous 1917–1918 German occupation and were repelled by the implementation of the German race laws and the insouciant exploitation of the country's natural resources. One Dutch Nazi visiting Estonia in June 1942 commented upon the "chauvinist national consciousness" of the Estonian people and no genuine Germanophile could be found.
Pro-independence resistance
An underground resistance movement, whose members looked to the western Allies for support, developed that reflected the political divisions that existed before 1940, ranging from Päts loyalists to the opposition groups such as the National Centre and Socialist Workers parties. The resistance, which was expressed through a campaign of non-compliance co-ordinated by the underground movement and a clandestine press, was favoured by the geographical proximity to Sweden and Finland where the organised political resistance in Tartu and Tallinn were able to maintain contact with London and Stockholm via the Estonian Envoy to Finland and a fortnightly fast motorboat connection between Tallinn and Stockholm.
Initially a number of underground organisations existed such as the Free Estonia Front (Vaba Eesti Võitlusrinne, VEVR) which was established in August 1942 and headed by Juhan Reigo and Endel Inglist. The VEVR published an anti-Nazi newspaper Vaba Eesti (Free Estonia), issuing 14 editions. Another underground newspaper titled Võitlev Eestlane (Fighting Estonian) was published by a group within the editorial staff of the newspaper Postimees. In the autumn of 1941, the precursor to the National Committee of the Republic of Estonia was founded by Heinrich Mark, Ants Oras and Jaan Ots. The organisation was headed by Ernst Kull in 1943 and it was through his efforts that the various groups were merged into a unified opposition to Nazi rule.
In June 1942 political leaders of Estonia who had survived Soviet repressions held a hidden meeting from the occupying powers in Estonia where the formation of an underground Estonian government and the options for preserving continuity of the republic were discussed. On January 6, 1943, a meeting was held at the Estonian foreign delegation in Stockholm. It was decided that, in order to preserve the legal continuity of the Republic of Estonia, the last constitutional prime minister, Jüri Uluots, must continue to fulfill his responsibilities as prime minister.
The movement subsequently formed the National Committee of the Republic of Estonia () in March 1944. The original initiative to form the committee came from the Estonian pre-war opposition parties but it was quickly joined by Jüri Uluots, the last constitutional pre-war Prime Minister of the Republic of Estonia and his supporters. The Committee aimed to establish a provisional government during expected German withdrawal as the Red Army had reached the border of Estonia on 2 February 1944. By April 1944 a large number of the committee members were arrested by the German security agencies. While some 200 people were arrested, the leaders of the resistance movement escaped arrest however their activities were severely curtailed until mid June. In June 1944 the elector's assembly of the Republic of Estonia gathered in secrecy from the occupying powers in Tallinn and appointed Jüri Uluots as the prime minister with the responsibilities of the President. On 21 June 1944 Jüri Uluots appointed Otto Tief as deputy prime minister. On 18 September 1944 Uluots, suffering from cancer, named Otto Tief the Acting Prime Minister and appointed a Government which consisted of 11 members. Tief assumed office in accordance with the constitution and took the opportunity with the departure of the Germans to declare the legitimate Estonian government restored. The Estonian national government was proclaimed in Estonia, the Estonian military units seized the government buildings in Toompea and ordered the German forces to leave. The flag of Germany was replaced with the Estonian tricolour in the Pikk Hermann, the flag tower of the seat of the Government. Tief's government failed to keep control, attempting to organise the defence of the capital city against the advancing Red Army making use of the men who had fought in the Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 and a military unit organised by Johan Pitka, the Germans overran the headquarters of Admiral Pitka in Tallinn and it is presumed he was subsequently killed in the ensuing battle. Most of the members and officials were caught, jailed, deported, or executed by the advancing Soviets.
Pro-Soviet resistance
A small number of Estonians were involved in underground resistance during World War II ranging from producing illegal publications, to espionage, to violent sabotage. They included Rein Alasoo, Evald Laasi, Georgi Loik, Aleksander Looring, as well as others.
See also
Soviet partisans in Estonia
Anti-fascism
:Category:Military history of Estonia during World War II
Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany
Resistance during World War II
References
Military history of Estonia during World War II
World War II resistance movements
Eastern European World War II resistance movements
Generalbezirk Estland
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian%20anti-German%20resistance%20movement%201941%E2%80%931944 |
Acorna: The Unicorn Girl (1997) is a science fantasy novel by American writers Anne McCaffrey and Margaret Ball. It was the first published in the Acorna Universe series. McCaffrey and Ball wrote the sequel Acorna's Quest after which McCaffrey and Elizabeth Ann Scarborough extended the series almost annually from 1999 to 2007.
Plot summary
Synopsis
Acorna is found in an unusual escape pod by three galactic miners, Gill, Rafik, and Calum. Raised by the three unlikely foster fathers, Acorna, a unicorn girl, matures almost to adulthood within three years. While she is growing up, the miners discover that their 'daughter' has magical powers such as the ability to clean air and water, heal the sick, and detect the slightest scent. Furthermore, she is extraordinarily smart, picking up everything quickly. However, her unique looks and special powers make her an object of desire by many, be it for scientific studies or a rare-item collection, or sex. Gill, Rafik, and Calum, who are determined to protect their beloved Acorna at all cost, are forced to flee all over the galaxy to avoid her pursuers. The book chronicles their adventures together as they travel from system to system, planet to planet, eventually finding a planet that thrives on illegal child slavery. But Acorna is not about to let that continue without a fight, and she vows to free every last child on the planet.
Infancy
The story opens with Acorna's parents' spaceship being chased by the Khleevii, insect-like creatures who have preyed on the Linyaari race for some time. The little spaceship has nowhere else to run and the despairing parents take desperate measures. Knowing that the Khleevii torture their captives, they decide to take a fatal dose of the soporific , setting a compression device, that will destroy their cruiser (and anything else in its proximity), when the Khleevii spaceship comes close.
They place their sedated youngling in a lifepod and eject it just before the defensive weapon triggers. She will have a chance of rescue if the lifepod is not destroyed with her parents' spaceship and that of the attackers. Otherwise, her dose of will keep her asleep until the air supply runs out and she asphyxiates.
The lifepod is transported by the compression event to an asteroid belt which is being mined by Declan "Gill" Giloglie the Third, Rafik Nadezda and Calum Baird in their ship, the Khedive. Detecting life-signs in the lifepod, they bring it on board and open it, thus discovering the alien occupant, the Linyaari infant they name Acorna.
At this stage, none of the Federated Sentient Planets population has had contact with alien races, so although we, the readers, know of the Linyaari and Khleevi, the humans in the novel do not.
The asteroid miners elect to continue working until they have an economic payload and then return to "base", Mercantile Mining and Exploration, to whom they are contracted. This decision probably saves Acorna from a fate worse than death. Before their return to MME, it is absorbed by Amalgamated Manufacturing, a rival corporation notorious for its questionable business practices.
Acorna is found to have unique abilities: she can purify water and air, apparently through the use of her horn, a spiral protuberance in the centre of her forehead. Although she is humanoid, she has equine features, a silvery mane of hair and hoof-like feet. Her vocalisations are somewhat horse-like and her diet is exclusively vegetarian. Initially, she attempts to communicate in her native tongue, but soon adopts Basic, the standard language of the Federated Sentient Planets.
Although she asks for "Avi", which the miners realise must mean her mother, later also stating that "Lalli" was on board the spaceship from which her lifepod was ejected, her foster fathers do not realise the extent of her language development and allow her to lose her earlier vocabulary. When Acorna is given writing materials, she seems to produce similar script to that embellishing the lifepod, but the miners do not recognise the significance of this knowledge and it falls into disuse. Acorna learns to read and write Basic instead.
She matures quickly, learns rapidly and appears to have innate mathematical talents. It is discovered that she can also sense the mineral composition of the asteroids her foster fathers are mining, detecting rhenium, a desirable resource, in "Daffodil", currently being mined. This makes her contribution to the mining venture invaluable.
By the time the Khedive has a full cargo hold and the miners decide to return to "base", Acorna is an active, working member of the crew, having been with her adopted family for nearly two years when the Khedive returns to the former MME Base.
Early childhood
The Khedive docks at the Amalgamated Manufacturing Base to unload its cargo and take on supplies. The miners have notified Base of their adopted child and while they are attending to bureaucratic procedures Dr Eva Glatt, a member of the Testing, Therapy and Adjustment Department, takes charge of Acorna. Glatt makes assumptions about Acorna, based on her assessment of human children, concluding that Acorna has deformities, arrested development and mental deficiencies.
Dr Alton Forelle, a psycholinguist, recognises that Acorna may be a member of an alien species and is determined to experiment on her to further his theories on linguistic development, hoping that this work will earn him a university post. His assistant, Judit Kendoro, has sympathy for the child, but feels powerless to prevent the scientific investigations proposed.
Meanwhile, having completed the questionnaires and ancillary paperwork, the miners seek out Glatt in order to have Acorna returned to them. Glatt assures them that they are unsuitable as custodians of the child, explaining that the Personal Psychological Profiles of the miners show that Gill, Rafik and Calum are invalid guardians, based on their "obvious" problems, as evidenced by their occupation and concomitant lifestyle. Acorna, she says, needs surgical corrections for her differences and the removal of her horn is imminent.
The miners are horrified by Glatt's denial of Acorna's alien status and insistence that their ward is a retarded, deformed human in need of specialised care, with a potential future as a menial worker in a sheltered workshop. They are joined by Judit (who was listening outside the door) and Glatt is temporarily put out of commission while Acorna's rescuers hurry to the surgical unit. Dr Forelle has already rescinded the order for surgery.
Judit takes custody of the anaesthetised Acorna from the surgical team and the miners pretend to hold her hostage as they return to the Khedive. They offer to take Judit with them, but she elects to remain in her employment so that she can help her younger siblings, Mercy and Pal, escape child slavery on Kezdet, their home planet.
Late childhood
The Khedive's crew escape from Amalgamated, only to find that their ship is being claimed by the corporation as stolen. They determine to seek the assistance of Rafik's wily Uncle Hafiz Harakamian to exchange the Khedive's identity with a similar spaceship that crashed. Thus, the miners and their adopted daughter travel to Laboue, a planet known for its discretion and secrecy in such matters, taking with them the beacon exchanged with that of the dead ship.
Uncle Hafiz, an unscrupulous collector of rarities, is not to be trusted with Acorna's unusual background, so Rafik pretends to have converted to Neo-Hadithianism, a retrograde religious sect who veil their women and practice polygamy. While Gill pretends to be Rafik's business partner, an unbeliever, Acorna and Calum are represented as Rafik's wives, swathed in the hijab, voluminous white robes that make an excellent disguise. However, while grazing in Hafiz's garden, Acorna is surprised by Rafik and Hafiz, unable to cover her horn before Hafiz sees it.
The following morning, Acorna awakens before her foster fathers and returns to the garden, fascinated by the musical Singing Stones of Skarrness and attracts Hafiz's attention. He introduces her to the concept of betting odds when she reveals her mathematical understanding of fractions and is enchanted by her abilities.
Determined to acquire this rarity, Hafiz insists, with barely disguised threats, that Rafik divorce her, allowing Hafiz to marry her, as part of the business negotiations. This will provide a substantial discount on the transactions, which include re-registering the Khedive as the Uhuru, with appropriate records, converting the miners' shares in Amalgamated to Federation credits and re-supplying the ship. The miners pretend to agree to Hafiz's terms while planning their escape.
Once the economic manipulations are completed, Rafik "divorces" Acorna and a wedding banquet is embarked upon in anticipation of Hafiz's marriage to her. Hafiz provides iced juice as a celebratory drink in deference to Rafik's Neo-Hadithian non-alcoholic principles. Before any of the miners imbibe in this beverage, Hafiz is called away in response to a commotion caused by Aminah, former nurse to his grown-up son, Tapha, who has returned, minus his ears, from an unsuccessful attempt to take over the southern half of the continent.
Acorna detects that the cups provided for them are doped and purifies the drugged juice. Rafik exchanges Calum's contaminated cup for Hafiz's and when his uncle returns, the tables are turned and Hafiz falls victim to his own plot. While he snores peacefully, Rafik removes the holographic skimmer key and port pass from amongst his uncle's robes so that they can return to their renamed spaceship.
The Uhuru
Having swapped their spaceship's beacon with that of another they found crashed into an asteroid, the crew come under the notice of Ed Minkus and Lieutenant Des Smirnoff, two "Guardians of the Peace", the law-enforcement agency on Kezdet, the Uhuru's new planet of registration. The backstory is that the miners had a negative interaction with these officers and Smirnoff holds a grudge. The former owner of the beacon was Sauvignon, a member of the illegal Child Labour League (CLL), an organisation trying to end child slavery on Kezdet.
Smirnoff and Minkus were the officers who shot Sauvignon down. Their assistant is Mercy Kendoro, secretly a member of the CLL who reports to Delszaki Li, a wealthy local philanthropist who funds the CLL. Li's personal assistant is Pal Kendoro, Judit's and Mercy's younger brother. Li sends Pal to investigate if Sauvignon is still alive, so the miners now have more people hunting them than Amalgamated Manufacturing and Hafiz Harakamian.
Meanwhile, back on Laboue, Tapha learns that Hafiz plans to disinherit him in favour of Rafik. He plans to resolve this problem by killing Rafik and sends Ioannis Georghios to entice the miners into a trap, but they are suspicious and elect to go to Greifen to mine iron ore instead. Posing as Farkas Hamisen, Tapha files a damages claim against the Uhuru, so the miners travel to Nered to sell their load of titanium.
While dining out on Nered, Tapha catches up with them and shoots Rafik. Acorna revives him with her horn, witnessed by Pal, who has tracked them there. When Li learns of Acorna's action, he identifies her as a ki-lin, legendary beings revered in Li's culture and asks Pal to bring the Uhuru and its crew to Kezdet. Judit, now working for Li, is pleased to discover that Acorna is still alive, as a report to Amalgamated reported the Khedive and its crew as dead, crashed on the asteroid.
Kezdet
Shopping for clothes for Acorna on Nered the miners are rescued from their pursuers, who have been tracking their credit account, by Pal, with assistance from the shop clerk. Pal joins them on the Uhuru and releases sleep gas to render the crew unconscious after they are underway to Kezdet. Li has the mineral rights to Kezdet's moons and wants the miners to set up lunar mining operations. On arrival, Judit invites Acorna and the miners to Li's mansion. She is astonished that in the year since she last saw them, Acorna has grown from a child into a tall young woman.
Anyag
Jana, Khetala (Kheti), Chiura and other children are slaves at the Anyag mine, kept near starvation and working long hours. Cowed and beaten, the children are afraid of 'Old Black', the mythological demon of 'Below' who makes children sick and the very real 'Piper', a wealthy man in league with the 'Didis', procuresses for Kezdet's brothels.
Didi Badini and the Piper buy Kheti (now who is too big to drag ore corves) and Chiura, a very pretty little girl of about four, from Siri Teku, the shift boss. Jana is crippled by the beating from Siri Teku for trying to save Chiura and loses the will to live.
Chiura's rescue
Waking early, Acorna decides to go for a run and ends up on the other side of the river in a run-down commercial district where she encounters Chiura, who has escaped from Didi Badini with Kheti's help, but been caught stealing food. Realising, too late, that she has brought no money, Acorna is handed over to the Guardians of the Peace and insists that they take Chiura with them to Delszaki Li, who Acorna claims as her guardian.
After Li has paid off the Guardians, Pal and Acorna slowly extract her history from Chiura and resolve to track down 'Mama Jana', who cared for Chiura in the 'bad place' before the Piper and Didi Badini bought her. Acorna is horrified to learn about the conditions bonded child labourers must endure and wonders what would have happened to her if Calum, Gill and Rafik had not adopted her.
Li has already revealed his plan to rescue all the children and use the lunar mining bases as educational care facilities for the freed slaves. The three miners have undertaken the contract to implement Architect Martin Dehoney's plans for the bases, but the Kezdet authorities are obstructing progress.
The search for Jana takes them to the Tondubh Glassworks, based on Chiura's description of the 'bad place'. They are accompanied by Nadhari Kando, Mr Li's formidable bodyguard. When they draw a blank, Pal rethinks the situation and they try Anyag mine. Disguised as a new Didi, Acorna buys Jana and heals Laxme of her persistent cough, promising to return for her as soon as there is somewhere to take all the freed children.
The Piper
Delszaki Li's development of the Maganos Moon Base stalls because of obstruction at a high government level on Kezdet. He decides to introduce Acorna into society, hoping that her come-out party might throw light on the situation. All the notables are invited to a glittering gathering and the Child Labour League members circulate among the guests. Khetala (rescued from Didi Badini's 'bonk-shop'), Jana and Chiura watch the guests' arrival from concealment and Jana recognises the Piper when he arrives.
The children are terrified, but nevertheless raise the alarm by telling Calum that they can identify the Piper. When Acorna is introduced to Baron Manjari, he plants a poisoned kiss on her hand which she quickly neutralises. Calum tells Acorna that the Piper is present and she tells Uncle Hafiz, who instructs Hassim, the butler, to seal the building. Mr Li entices the baron to his study, where the children are ready to expose his identity, while Acorna pretends to be overcome by the poison.
Li's subsequent negotiations with the Piper, Baron Manjari, remove all official constraints to the Moon Base and 'Manjari Shipping would subsidise the lunar colony by providing free transport for all materials brought to the moon and all minerals mined there in the next five years' in exchange for their silence about the Piper's identity.
Manjari does not believe that the rescue of the slave children will succeed, especially since he thinks Acorna is dying, supported by mourning banners erected at the Li mansion the following day. However, he has reckoned without his host and Acorna, accompanying the fleet of skimmers and medics collecting the bond-slaves. When his portside manager calls to tell him of the children awaiting transportation to Maganos, the baron, his wife and daughter come to investigate.
Baroness Ilsfa reveals that Kisla is not the baron's natural daughter and he kills his wife in a fit of rage, then turns the on himself, leaving Kisla instantly orphaned. The rescued children are pleased, rather than traumatised, by this event and the settlement of the Moon Base goes ahead, albeit now at Li's expense. Thus, the book concludes with Acorna having redeemed her vow to free the child bond-slaves of Kezdet.
Characters
Anne McCaffrey and her collaborators have created both human and alien actors who illustrate the best and worst of social interactions. Many of the characters introduced in this novel recur in subsequent books, particularly the members of Acorna's adopted family. The following is not an exhaustive list, but highlights the major players in this story.
Acorna
Born to the fictional alien race, the Linyaari, Acorna is the beautiful heroine of the series. Gentle, intelligent, compassionate and charismatic, she has an inherent sense of justice that makes her the champion of the disenfranchised.
Alton Forelle
Dr Alton Forelle works for Amalgamated Mining and Manufacturing as a psycholinguist. He wants to experiment on Acorna and write academic papers about her. His defining statement is 'If she is a sapient alien, speaking a language totally unrelated to any human tongue, whatever we can learn of that language will be of inestimable scientific value. We can't let individual concerns stand in the way of Science'.
Baron Commodore Manjari
A wealthy and influential shipping magnate of Kezdet, he is known in the underworld as the Piper. He is described as 'a pinch-faced little gray fellow' with 'very piercing eyes' of 'medium height [and a] spare build'. He speaks in an oddly dry, whispering voice. His name is used to terrorise child-slaves by hinting at his cruelty and depravity. The Child Labour League suspects that many of the mangled children's bodies found are his personal victims. Married to Ilsfa and the father of Kisla.
Baroness Ilsfa Manjari
Born into the 'Acultanias, descended from the First Families of Kezdet' and unhappily married to Commodore Manjari, the baroness consoles herself with food.
Calum Baird
One of Acorna's adoptive fathers, he is pilot and mathematician. Physically smallest of the three miners, Calum first meets Hafiz Harakamian disguised as Rafik's ugly senior wife, covered from head to toe in a white hajib. His ethnicity is apparently Scottish, a popular theme for fictional engineers. In this first novel, Calum falls in love with Mercy Kendoro but will not act on his feelings until he has tried to reunite Acorna with her people.
Chiura
Pretty toddler girl acquired by Siri Teku at the Anyag mine on Kezdet and sold to Didi Badini for the Piper's immoral purposes. She has dark curly hair and is described as having 'chubby' legs, so it is to be surmised that she is recently orphaned. She is deeply attached to her 'Mama Jana', who cares for her when she is thrown into the nightmare of the mine environment.
Delszaki Li
Native of Kezdet, which was colonised by many humans of Hungarian descent, his father's line was of Chinese extraction. Multilinguial and well-educated, Li inherited his family fortune and is head of the Li Consortium. Afflicted with a degenerative disease, he lives in his mansion with a staff that includes the Kendoro siblings. He is a major player in the Child Labour League, dedicated to the elimination of child slavery on Kezdet.
Des Smirnoff
Lieutenant in the Kezdet Guardians of the Peace, Smirnoff is corrupt, vengeful and devious. He is also skilled at defusing tungston bombs and becomes a 'Hero of the Republic' for this feat after Tapha Harakamian's attempted assassination of Rafik.
Didi Badini
Brothel owner and one of the few Kezdetians who knows the true identity of the Piper, Badini buys Chiura and Khetala from Siri Teku. She has a plump face, cold eyes, soft, silky, curly hair, has her toenails painted and wears beautiful clothes. She wants to capture Acorna to sell her horn to the Piper and her body to Tapha Harakamian in his disguise as Farkis Hamisen.
Ed Minkus
Fellow Kezdet Guardian of the Peace, Minkus is Des Sminoff's workmate and sub-ordinate associate in Smirnoff's corrupt activities.
Eva Glatt
Dr Eva Glatt is a member of the Testing, Therapy and Adjustment Department at Amalgamated Mining and Manufacturing's Base. She almost succeeds in having Acorna's horn removed as a 'deformity' before Judit helps the miners rescue the child.
"Gill" Giloglie
One of Acorna's adoptive fathers, Declan "Gill" Giloglie the Third is described as having 'Viking-ancestors', he is nominally Christian. His appearance is variously described as large, red-haired and straightforward in manner. Popular with children, Gill becomes the consort of Judit Kendoro and foster father to the children of the lunar mining base. One of his favourite epithets is acushla, a term derived from Irish, meaning 'darling'.
Hafik Harakamian
Rafik's uncle on his mother's side, father of Tapha, leading citizen of Laboue, secretive planet with minimal regulatory systems and no taxation. Head of House Harakamian, galactically recognised mercantile empire.
Jana
One of the orphans of Kezdet, bonded to the Anyag mine in Siri Teku's day-shift gang. Jana, although a child herself, becomes foster mother to Chiura when the toddler is acquired by Siri Teku. She is one of the children who identify the Piper, arch-villain of the Kezdet underworld.
Judit Kendoro
Oldest of the Kendoro siblings, Judit won a scholarship and escaped the barrios of Kezdet to attend university. She worked for Amalgamating Mining and Manufacturing before becoming Li's personal assistant and finally, married to Gill, becoming house-mother and education administrator on Maganos Moon Base. She is described as having a 'wrist-thick braid of dark hair'.
Khetala
Orphaned at eleven years of age, Khetala (Kheti) has more education than most of the Anyag children. She is raped by Siri Teku, then sold to Didi Badini, who plans to have Tapha 'break her in' to brothel work. When the character is introduced, she is 'two years older than Jana, broad-shouldered and black-browed' and 'unofficial leader of their gang'.
Lady Kisla Manjari
Adopted daughter of Baroness Ilsfa and Baron Commodore Manjari, Kisla was obtained by Ilsfa from a Didi in East Celtalan on Kezdet while the baron was on an extended business trip. She is anorexic and friendless, with a small fleet of personal space vehicles given to her by the baron in compensation for being denied a career as a pilot.
Laxmi
Child slave at Anyag, she has a cough which Acorna cures on her first visit to the mine. She is Siri Teku's best ore sorter.
Mercy Kendoro
The younger Kendoro sister, Mercy 'has an advanced degree in linear systems optimisation theory'. She worked as female assistant to Des Smirnoff and Ed Minkus at the Kezdet Guardians of the Peace office before becoming Li's personal assistant. She and Calum form an attachment.
Pal Kendoro
Youngest of the Kendoro siblings, he is introduced as Delszaki Li's personal assistant. He is attracted to Acorna and is the subject of her first crush on a member of the opposite sex.
Pedir
Skimmer taxi driver who allied himself with Acorna and assists the Child Labour League to free the child slaves on Kezdet. He is recognised by Li to be a 'source of much local knowledge and gossip'. He is the driver who transports Hafiz, on arriving in Celtelan on Kezdet, to the Li mansion.
Rafik Harakamian
One of Acorna's foster fathers, dark-haired and dark-eyed, Rafik is descended from Earth's Middle-Eastern people. His is tri-lingual, speaking Basic, Armenian and Arabic. Son of Hafik Harakamian's favourite sister. Rafik is the negotiator and usually does the 'logical setting out of facts' when a decision must be reached. His character can be devious, but he is also an honourable man, when appropriate.
Siru Teku
Controller of a gang of bonded child labourers (effectively slaves) at the Anyag coal mine on Kezdet. Brutal, perverted and unscrupulous, he beats the children, starves them and apparently tales delight in their subjugation. He is a known associate of both Didi Badini and the Piper (pseudonym of Baron Commodore Manjari).
Tapha Harakamian
Son of Hafiz Harakamian by his 'deceased' wife Yasmin, Tapha is incompetent, perverted and stupid. Delegated by his father to 'take over the southern half of the continent [on Labue from] Yukata Batsu', Tapha is captured and his ears are sent to his father. When he is returned home, Hafiz decides to disinherit his son in favour of his nephew, Rafik. Tapha then makes unsuccessful attempts to assassinate Rafiz until his demise at the hands of Des Smirnoff when he tried to kill Rafiz with a tungsten bomb, a weapon of mass destruction.
Themes
The Unicorn Girl explores mining, business ethics, corruption, child slavery and paedophilia in a postulated future where humans have colonised the galaxy. Some readers have found this disappointing as the book does not focus exclusively on the title character.
References
External links
1997 American novels
1997 fantasy novels
1997 science fiction novels
Novels by Anne McCaffrey
Acorna | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorna%3A%20The%20Unicorn%20Girl |
Shluhot (, lit. Branches) is an Orthodox kibbutz in the Beit She'an Valley in northern Israel. Located about three kilometres south of the city of Beit She'an, it falls under the jurisdiction of Valley of Springs Regional Council. In it had a population of .
History
Shluhot was founded in 1948 by former members of the Bnei Akiva Zionist youth movement on the land that had belonged to the depopulated Palestinian village of al-Ashrafiyya. Initially, a temporary joint camp was set up with a group from the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement. Shortly thereafter, when each group received land to build separate kibbutzim, the secular members of the group formed the adjacent kibbutz of Reshafim. The kibbutz is one of four religious kibbutzim that are located in a cluster south of Beit She'an stretching from Shluhot at the base of Mount Gilboa through Ein HaNatziv and Sde Eliyahu until Tirat Zvi adjacent to the Jordan River.
Today, the kibbutz population numbers about 120 families, including 350 people.
Since 2007 it is used for the special needs school Kulanu Academy for trips usually run by Dvora Liss, Kenny Goldman, and Evan Wollis and a coteacher that is changed every year. They go learn skills for adulthood as well as tour Israel.
Economy
In the early years of the kibbutz, virtually all activity was centred on the various agricultural branches. In the last few decades though, talented kibbutz members have initiated new endeavours in order to vary revenue sources, as well as providing different employment options. Today the kibbutz employs mainly kibbutz members and kibbutz youth (after school and during the summer), residents who are not members, residents of Beit Shean and surrounding areas, and temporary volunteers. The kibbutz revenues come from agriculture, light manufacturing, and tourism.
The majority of Shluhot's revenues come from various agricultural branches, produce and livestock, due to the expertise of kibbutz members and continuing improvement in efficiency and productivity. The dairy farm, poultry (turkey and chicken coops), date farming, fish farming, orchards, and vegetable farming are still an important part of the kibbutz revenues and kibbutz employment opportunities. Shluhot also has a new carrot processing factory and enjoys a significant minority market share in the local carrot market. In 2007, a cow from the dairy farm broke the Israeli record for most births, 14.
The kibbutz has a number of factories; one of the oldest is Microvue which produces microfilm readers/scanners, mostly for export. Microvue is one of the few microfilm reader manufacturers left in the world. Sheletron, founded in 1996, produces electronic display solutions through text, pictures, video, and animation on LCD screens. Remote control of the displays is possible through unique software developed in the company development centre.
In the early nineties, the kibbutz renovated a small former residential apartment building and turned it into a bed and breakfast, mainly geared for the Orthodox Jewish market. The kibbutz has since added a wider variety of rooming accommodations, now ranging from single rooms to multiple-room housing units. In the year 1996, several former immigrants (olim) from North America founded a summer camp called Kayitz Bakibbutz, (in Hebrew "Summer on the kibbutz"), based on the typical 'American' sleepaway summer camp experience geared toward youth, something virtually unheard of in Israel at that time. The camp provides multiple week sessions based on overnight rooming, and including sports, swimming, arts and crafts and various other activities.
The kibbutz also has a metalwork shop, which designs and produces a variety of machines mainly for agricultural use.
References
External links
Official website
Kayitz Bakibbutz Summer Camp
Sheletron
Microvue
Kibbutzim
Religious Kibbutz Movement
Populated places established in 1948
Populated places in Northern District (Israel)
1948 establishments in Israel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shluhot |
The Codos or Commandos were guerrilla groups, active in southern Chad from 1983 to 1986, that resisted domination of their region by the President Hissène Habré's army. Many were veterans of the government army of the 1970s or Wadel Abdelkader Kamougué's Chadian Armed Forces (FAT), which had collapsed in 1982 under Habré's attacks with the short-lived Republic of Logone. Totaling as many as 15,000, they operated independently.
There were, in 1983, five codos groups. These were the Red Codos (Codos Rouge), commanded by Alphonse Kotiga, based in Moyen-Chari; the Coconut Codos (Codos Cocotieres), of Elie Atanga and Elea Djoack, in Mayo-Kebbi; the Green Codos (Codos Vert) of Pierre Tokino in Logone Oriental; the Hope Codos (Codos Espoir) of Kayer in Tandjile; and the Panther Codos (Codos Panthères) of Koulangar in Logone Occidental. They were supported by the Central African Republic, who offered them sanctuary in its borders. Habré at first attempted negotiations, making Defence minister a former leader of the codos; but when discussions broke down, the President resorted, in August 1984, to force and wide-scale fighting erupted in four of the five southern Prefectures, counting now on the support of the Central African President André Kolingba. The Chadian National Armed Forces (FANT) acted with rare brutality, destroying many villages and making itself guilty of wide-scale massacres of civilians. But it worked: in 1985, the greatest part of the south had been subdued.
The Red Codos, formed with Libyan and GUNT support, were the most effective. Kotiga exercised some influence over the other groups and was instrumental in persuading them to abandon their insurgency by promises of rewards and rehabilitation in 1985 and 1986. Many have been "recycled" by French trainers at an instructional center at Mongo, thousands of former codos (commandos) had been "recycled" by French trainers, assisted by a large cadre of Chadian military. While about 1,500 have been assimilated into the FANT, most have been organized into work brigades for service as agricultural or road laborers.
References
Chad: A Country Study
1980s in Chad
Chadian–Libyan War
Rebel groups in Chad | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codos |
In archaeology a chopper core is a suggested type of stone tool created by using a lithic core as a chopper following the removal of flakes from that core. They may be a very crude form of early handaxe although they are not bifacially-worked and there is debate as to whether chopper cores were ever used as tools or simply discarded after the desired flakes were removed.
They are found in the early Mode 1 tool industries of the Oldowan and Clactonian industries during the Lower Palaeolithic.
References
Ashton, NM, McNabb, J, and Parfitt, S, Choppers and the Clactonian, a reinvestigation, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 58, pp21–28, qtd in Butler, C (2005). Prehistoric Flintwork, Tempus, Stroud. .
Lithics
Archaeological artefact types | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chopper%20core |
Aliki, Lady Russell (; born Aliki Diplarakou; 28 August 1912 – 30 October 2002) was the first Maniot Greek contestant to win the Miss Europe title. She previously won the "Miss Hellas" () title at the Miss Star Hellas pageant. Her name has been spelled in various ways, from Alice Diplarakou to Aliki Diplearakos and Aliki Diplarakos.
Family
She was a daughter of lawyer Georgios Diplarakos and his wife, the former Elena Nikolessi or Nicolessis. She had three sisters:
Nada Diplarakos (1911–1966), who married the French diplomat André Rodocanachi (who remarried the Dowager Duchess of Rohan, mother of the French Senator Josselin de Rohan)
Cristina Diplarakos (1918–1999), who married Henri Claudel, Consul General of France in New York City and son of the French poet and diplomat Paul Claudel
Although the Diplarakou family lived in Athens, they originally were Maniots from Krini in the Peloponnese. The original family name was Vavouli (Βαβούλη) but it was changed to Aliki's paternal grandmother's maiden name of Diplarakou.
Marriages
Diplarakou was married twice, her husbands being:
Paul-Louis Weiller, a French aviator and director of the Gnome et Rhône conglomerate, a son of Lazare Weiller and wife . Guests at the couple's 31 October 1932 wedding included author Paul Morand, poet Paul Valéry, and diplomat Philippe Berthelot. Before divorcing, they had one child, Paul-Annick Weiller (Paris, 28 July 1933 – Geneva, 2 November 1998). Their son married in Rome, at Santa Maria in Trastevere, on 26 June 1965, Donna Olimpia Emmanuela Torlonia di Civitella-Cesi (b. Lausanne, Mont Choisi, 27 December 1943); they became the parents of Princess Sibilla of Luxembourg.
Sir John Wriothesley Russell (23 August 1914 – 3 August 1984), an English diplomat, who was descended from John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford. He served as Britain's ambassador to Ethiopia, Brazil, and Spain between 1962 and 1974. Married on 15 December 1945, the Russells had two children, Georgiana Alexandra Russell (born 1947 and became Lady Boothby) and Alexander Charles Thomas Wriothesley Russell (born 1950).
Career
In 1929 Diplarakou entered the "Miss Hellas" pageant as Miss Athens. Her biggest competitor was Miss Thessaloniki Roxani Stergiou (Ρωξάνη Στεργίου), who came in second. Diplarakou won the title and represented Greece at the Miss Europe event in Paris, where she was crowned Miss Europe on 6 February 1930.
That same year the 18-year-old brunette beauty was once more given the chance to represent her country and Europe in the Miss Universe Contest. The event was held on 13 October 1930 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Diplarakou was a runner-up.
She toured the United States giving lectures on ancient and modern Greek culture. Aside from her native Greek language, she also spoke fluent English, French and Italian.
She made headlines in the 1930s when she dressed up in men's clothing and infiltrated Mount Athos, where women are prohibited from entering. The Mount Athos story was later featured in Time on 13 July 1953, in an article titled "The Climax of Sin".
When asked by reporters on how she became Miss Europe, she was quoted in Time magazine as saying:
She also tried her skills in theater, her first appearance being in Prometheus.
Notes
1912 births
2002 deaths
Miss Europe winners
Greek female models
Models from Athens
Greek beauty pageant winners
Aliki | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliki%20Diplarakou |
Country code: 52
International call prefix: 00
Trunk Prefix: none
The telecommunnication services of Mexico are provided by a division of the telephone numbering plan into groups of area codes for the following regions:
See also
Telephone numbers in Mexico
References
Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20codes%20in%20Mexico%20by%20code |
The 1998–99 season was the 119th season of competitive football in England.
Overview
Premier League
Manchester United overcame close competition from Arsenal and Chelsea to win their fifth Premiership title in seven seasons. They went on to win the treble of the Premiership title, FA Cup and European Cup, an achievement which gained manager Alex Ferguson a knighthood.
Nottingham Forest went down to Division One just one season after winning promotion. They had started the season terribly after manager Dave Bassett was sacked and Dutch striker Pierre van Hooijdonk refused to play after a dispute with the club. Experienced Ron Atkinson was brought in on a temporary contract but could not stave off relegation. Joining Forest in the Premiership drop zone were Blackburn Rovers, who had been Premiership champions just four years earlier, and Charlton Athletic. Southampton avoided relegation on the last day of the season, and their survival also signalled the go-ahead for a new stadium which would be in use for the 2001–02 season.
Division One
Sunderland were crowned Division One champions with a record 105 points, having lost just three games all season. The two other promotion places were secured by two of the division's least fancied sides – runners-up Bradford City, back in the top division for the first time in 77 years, and playoff winners Watford, who thus won their second successive promotion during Graham Taylor's second spell as manager.
Bury, Oxford United and Bristol City occupied the three relegation places in Division One. Oxford's dismal season was mainly down to debts of £10 million which were putting the club in real danger of closure and had also resulted in the suspension of construction of their new stadium near the Blackbird Leys estate.
Division Two
Kevin Keegan completed his spell as Fulham manager before taking the England job by guiding the Cottagers to the Division Two championship with 101 points. Following them up were runners-up Walsall and playoff winners Manchester City.
Going down were York City, Northampton Town, Lincoln City and Macclesfield Town. Narrowly avoiding the drop to Division Three were Oldham Athletic, who just five years earlier had been a Premiership side and FA Cup semi-finalists.
Division Three
Brentford, Cambridge United, Cardiff City and Scunthorpe United occupied the four promotion places in Division Three.
Carlisle United secured their league status with seconds to spare in their final game. They entered the game in bottom place, and with 90 minutes on the clock in their home game against Plymouth Argyle they were drawing 1–1 and needed a win to stay up. The referee then allowed four minutes of stoppage time and with just seconds to go, goalkeeper Jimmy Glass came upfield and scored from a rebounded corner to preserve his club's place in the league, which had been held since 1928. Scarborough, who had only joined the league in 1987, were relegated instead. Glass, 25, had been signed on loan from Swindon Town after the transfer deadline because an injury crisis had left Carlisle without a goalkeeper for the final few games of the season.
FA Cup
Manchester United beat Newcastle United 2–0 to secure their third double triumph in six seasons and completed the second part of their treble.
League Cup
Tottenham Hotspur, under the management of George Graham, won the League Cup by defeating Leicester City in the final. On the way they knocked out Manchester United, stopping Scotsman Alex Ferguson emulating his fellow countrymen Celtic's quadruple success of 1967.
Individual awards and records
Tottenham's French midfielder David Ginola was voted PFA Players' Player of the Year and FWA Footballer of the Year after helping his club win the League Cup.
19-year-old Arsenal and France striker Nicolas Anelka was voted PFA Young Player of the Year.
David Seaman became the most successful goalkeeper in English league history after conceding just 17 league goals in a season with Arsenal.
Successful managers
Alex Ferguson was knighted after guiding Manchester United to the treble of the Premiership title, FA Cup and European Cup.
George Graham gave Tottenham Hotspur their first successful season for almost a decade by guiding them to League Cup glory.
Peter Reid took Sunderland into the Premiership as Division One champions with 105 points.
Harry Redknapp guided West Ham United to fifth place in the Premiership to secure their first European qualification for nearly 20 years.
Paul Jewell ended Bradford City's 77-year wait for a return to the top division.
Graham Taylor took Watford into the Premiership as they won the Division One playoffs and secured their second successive promotion.
Kevin Keegan finished his spell as Fulham manager by guiding them to the Division Two title with 101 points, before quitting to concentrate on his role as England manager.
Ray Graydon pulled off a major surprise in his first season as Walsall manager by gaining promotion to Division One.
Steve Cotterill, 35, guided Cheltenham Town into the Football League as Conference champions.
Brian Laws took Scunthorpe United out of the league's basement division for the first time in more than a decade after they won the Division Three playoffs.
Events
Ferguson knighted after United's treble
Manchester United completed the treble of the Premiership title, FA Cup and European Cup.
Part one of United's treble was completed when they beat Tottenham 2–1 on the last day of the season to ensure that Arsenal did not retain the Premiership title. A week later they completed the second part of the treble with a 2–0 victory over Newcastle United in the FA Cup final.
United's treble aspirations seemed to have been thwarted in the European Cup final at Barcelona's Nou Camp stadium, with Bayern Munich leading 1–0 at the end of normal time. Referee Pierluigi Collina allowed three minutes of stoppage time and within the first minute, substitute Teddy Sheringham forced an equaliser. Sheringham's goal looked to have forced extra time, but with the last kick of the game Ole Gunnar Solskjær scored a winner and United fans and players went wild.
On 12 June, Alex Ferguson received a knighthood in recognition for his services to football, making him the seventh knight of English football and the third knight to be associated with Manchester United after Matt Busby and Bobby Charlton.
Hoddle ousted
On 2 February, the FA terminated Glenn Hoddle's contract as England manager after he appeared in The Times and suggested that disabled people were being "punished for sins in previous lives". His comments had sparked outrage amongst disabled people to such an extent that the FA felt they had no option but to sack him.
The search began for his successor. A month later, former Newcastle manager Kevin Keegan agreed to take charge of the England team but stayed on as Fulham manager until the end of the season, guiding them to the Division Two title.
New arrivals in Premiership
A year after their playoff final defeat to Charlton Athletic in a penalty shoot-out, Peter Reid's Sunderland returned to the Premiership after winning the Division One championship with a record 105 points. Sunderland, who had moved into their new home, the Stadium of Light, two years earlier, had been widely tipped for promotion to the top flight.
Bradford City, led by manager Paul Jewell, had been outside the top division since 1922. Their only silverware had been an FA Cup triumph in 1911. But the inexperienced Jewell surprised many observers by putting together a strong Bradford side who cruised to second place in Division One and booked their place in the Premiership.
The third and final place in the Premiership went to playoff winners Watford, managed by Graham Taylor for the second time (he had previously been in charge from 1976 until 1987). Taylor had finally achieved some success the previous year in form of the Division Two championship, having endured a torrid time with England and then Wolves. Watford secured a second successive promotion by beating Bolton Wanderers 2–0 in the playoff final.
Glass's last gasp goal keeps Carlisle in league
Carlisle United went into the final game of the 1998–99 Division Three campaign knowing that they had to beat Plymouth Argyle to hang on to the Football League place they had held since 1928. In April, an injury crisis had forced Carlisle to bring in goalkeeper Jimmy Glass on loan from Swindon Town and the Football League gave permission for the transfer to go ahead despite the transfer deadline having already passed.
With 90 minutes on the clock for Carlisle's home fixture against Plymouth, the referee allowed four minutes of stoppage time. Ten seconds before the end of stoppage time, Jimmy Glass ran upfield after a corner was given and slammed the ball into the back of the net to keep Carlisle in the league and send Scarborough down to the Conference.
Blackburn go down
Blackburn Rovers, Premiership champions in 1995, were relegated from the Premiership in 1999 with a side which had lost almost all of its title winning players. Roy Hodgson had arrived as manager in 1997 and achieved UEFA Cup qualification in his first season as manager, only to be sacked the following November as Blackburn found themselves caught up in a relegation battle. Manchester United's successful assistant manager Brian Kidd was brought in as his successor. But Blackburn's relegation fight was finally lost after they drew 0–0 at home to Manchester United in the penultimate game of the season. Chairman Jack Walker was now faced with finding the funds to build a side that could win promotion back to the Premiership, 12 months after he handed an open cheque book to Roy Hodgson in hope of winning the league.
Cheltenham promoted
Cheltenham Town won the Conference with Steve Cotterill guiding the Robins to the Football League. They had won the FA Trophy the previous season but were beaten to promotion by Halifax Town. They replaced Scarborough.
League tables
FA Premier League
The seventh season of the FA Premier League saw Manchester United finish champions for the fifth time, one point ahead of the previous season's champions Arsenal. United also ended Arsenal's defence of the FA Cup, going on to defeat Newcastle United in the final to become the first English team to win the league title and FA Cup double on three occasions, having already won the double in 1994 and 1996. They then went on to win the Champions League to become only the second English club to win three major trophies in the same season. This made them the first English club to win the Champions League in fifteen years, and manager Alex Ferguson was knighted.
Chelsea's revival continued with a third-place finish in the league, although they failed to add any more silverware to the three cups won in the previous two seasons. Following the loss of manager George Graham to Tottenham in the autumn, Leeds United finished fourth under their new manager David O'Leary. Fifth place went to West Ham United, who qualified for Europe for the first time in nearly twenty years. Aston Villa, who had topped the table for much of the first half of the season, could only finish sixth, while Liverpool's seventh-place finish was a disappointing start for new manager Gérard Houllier.
Tottenham Hotspur finished 11th under new manager George Graham but won the League Cup to end their eight-year wait for a major trophy and a place in Europe. They also reached the semi-finals of the FA Cup.
Newly promoted Nottingham Forest were relegated in bottom place, their third relegation in seven seasons prompting manager Ron Atkinson (only appointed in January) to announce his retirement from management. Blackburn Rovers, league champions just four years earlier, were the next team to go down; the appointment of long-serving Manchester United assistant Brian Kidd as manager appeared to have turned the corner after a terrible start to the season, but a failure to win any of their final eight matches saw them relegated. Newly promoted Charlton Athletic were the last side to lose their top flight status, going down on the final day of the season as Southampton survived.
Leading goalscorer: Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink (Leeds), Michael Owen (Liverpool) and Dwight Yorke (Manchester United) – 18
Division One
After the play-off final disappointment of the previous year, Sunderland returned to the top-flight in record breaking fashion, earning 105 points, setting a new record under the three points for a win system. Bradford City, who had only narrowly avoided relegation in the previous two seasons, returned to the top-flight for the first time in over 75 years, as Paul Jewell enjoyed a highly successful first full season as manager. Watford beat out pre-season favourites Bolton Wanderers in the play-off final, earning them their second successive promotion and also earning manager Graham Taylor the joint record for most promotions earned by a single manager.
Wolverhampton Wanderers just missed out on the playoffs after the dismissal of Mark McGhee in November paved the way for his assistant Colin Lee to take over and oversee a strong run of form which lifted the side into the top half of the table to finish seventh. Steve Bruce began his managerial career by guiding Sheffield United to an 8th-place finish before succeeding Peter Jackson at Huddersfield Town. Mark Goldberg's dream of turning Crystal Palace into a major footballing force quickly turned into a nightmare as financial problems almost put the club out of business, with head coach Terry Venables quitting halfway through the season and Steve Coppell taking charge for the fourth time in fifteen years to steer Palace to 14th place.
Bristol City finished bottom and suffered immediate relegation back to Division Two, as the club's decision to replace promotion-winning manager John Ward with Benny Lennartsson just a few weeks into the season failed to pay off. Oxford United finished second bottom amid increasing financial turmoil, and Bury were relegated on the last day due to the League's usage of goals scored over goal difference to separate sides on the same number of points (Port Vale would otherwise have been relegated due to their considerably worse goal difference). Adding to Bury's frustration, goal difference was reinstated the following season.
Leading goalscorer: Lee Hughes (West Bromwich Albion) – 31
Division Two
Despite manager Kevin Keegan juggling his job with the England manager's job for the second half of the season, Fulham won the Division Two title and earned their second promotion in three seasons, though Keegan departed after the season ended. Walsall proved the surprise package of the division and entered the second tier for only the third time in their history. Manchester City, who had suffered a spectacular fall from grace over the last few years, immediately won promotion during their first ever season at this level, defeating Gillingham in a dramatic play-off final.
Ambitious Reading could only manage an 11th-place finish in their first season at the impressive new Madejski Stadium, while Stoke City's early promise under Brian Little was short-lived and an 8th-place finish was not enough for even a playoff place. Stoke then turned to Gary Megson in their quest to get back into Division One.
This season proved a step too far for Macclesfield, who had been promoted from the Conference and Division Three in successive years, and they were relegated in bottom place. Lincoln City were unable to recover from a dreadful start to the season and occupied the second bottom spot, also returning to Division Three after just a year. Northampton Town suffered a massively disappointing season after finishing fourth the previous year, and were relegated in third-bottom place. York City cruelly went down on the last day, after experiencing a disastrous second half of the season and falling into the relegation zone with mere seconds remaining of their final match.
Oldham Athletic finished one place and point clear of the relegation zone and avoided a third relegation in six seasons.
Leading goalscorer: Jamie Cureton (Bristol Rovers) – 25
Division Three
Brentford chairman Ron Noades' unorthodox decision to appoint himself as manager paid off in surprising fashion, and they won promotion back to Division Two as champions. Cambridge United had actually led the division for most of the season but suffered from drawing too many games in the final months of the season and thus had to settle for second place. Cardiff City took the final automatic promotion spot, as Frank Burrows brought immediate success to the club in his second spell as manager. Scunthorpe United won the play-offs, earning their first promotion since 1983, giving them football above the fourth tier for the first time at Glanford Park.
In one of the most dramatic ends to a season in recent memory, Scarborough were relegated to the Football Conference. They had been bottom for most of the second half of the season, but appeared to have turned the corner by earning two wins and a draw from their last three matches. Carlisle United, who had been below them prior to the final match of the season, earned a shock injury time winner through goalkeeper Jimmy Glass, saving their League status and sending Scarborough down.
Hull City were in the relegation battle up to the penultimate game of the season, soon after Southend United won their battle against a third successive relegation.
Leading goalscorer: Marco Gabbiadini (Darlington) – 24
Diary of the season
16 July 1998 – Former French national coach Gérard Houllier is appointed joint manager of Liverpool to work alongside Roy Evans. It is the first time in the club's 106-year history that two managers have been placed in charge of the first team.
19 July 1998 – Manchester United deny reports that they will be joining a proposed European Super League of up to 32 clubs.
3 August 1998 – Newcastle United pay £5.25million for Germany midfielder Dietmar Hamann from Bayern Munich.
9 August 1998 – Arsenal claim their third trophy of 1998 with a 3–0 win over Manchester United in the Charity Shield.
12 August 1998 – Newcastle United sign Nolberto Solano, the Peruvian midfielder, from Boca Juniors for £2.48million.
15 August 1998 – The Premier League season begins with champions Arsenal beating newly promoted Nottingham Forest 2–1 at Highbury. Chelsea begin with a surprise 2–1 defeat at Coventry City. Manchester United are held to a 2–2 home draw by Leicester City. Wimbledon take the lead of the Premier League on the opening day with a 3–1 home win over Tottenham Hotspur. Charlton Athletic mark their return to the elite by drawing 0–0 at Newcastle.
20 August 1998 – Manchester United pay a club record £12.6million for Aston Villa striker Dwight Yorke.
22 August 1998 – Charlton Athletic demolish Southampton 5–0 at The Valley. Tottenham's dismal start continued when they lose 3–0 at home to Sheffield Wednesday. Manchester United are held to a draw again, this time 0–0 against West Ham United at Upton Park. Newcastle United lose 4–1 at home to Liverpool.
27 August 1998 – Kenny Dalglish is sacked after 19 months as manager of Newcastle United.
31 August 1998 – Newcastle United appoint Ruud Gullit as their new manager, the day before his 36th birthday. The first month of the league season ends with newly promoted Charlton Athletic top of the Premier League, but the end-of-month table has little significance as only two games have been played so far. Sunderland head the race for a place in next season's Premier League as Division One leaders, with Wolverhampton Wanderers in second place. Hopes are high of a successful season for Midlands clubs as West Bromwich Albion are third and Birmingham City stand fourth. Norwich City, rebuilding under new manager Bruce Rioch occupy fifth, while the top six is completed by a Watford side who are searching for a second successive promotion. Just outside the playoff zone are Bury, whose excellent start to the season has sparked speculation that they might match Swansea City and Wimbledon's record of three promotions in four seasons.
6 September 1998 – Christian Gross is sacked after nine months as manager of Tottenham Hotspur.
8 September 1998 – Aston Villa pay Middlesbrough £6.75million for midfielder Paul Merson.
9 September 1998 –
– An inquest records a verdict of suicide on former Norwich City and Nottingham Forest striker Justin Fashanu, who was found hanged at a lock-up garage in London four months ago.
– Manchester United record a Premier League win at the fourth attempt by beating Charlton Athletic 4–1 at Old Trafford. Wimbledon continue their recent resurgence with a 4–3 win at West Ham.
– Manchester United accepts a £623.4million takeover bid from BSkyB.
12 September 1998 –
-Arsenal sign Swedish midfielder Freddie Ljungberg from Halmstad for £3million.
– Tottenham's dismal start to the season continues as they lose 3–0 at home to newly promoted Middlesbrough.
19 September 1998 – Newcastle United show signs of a return to their old form with a 5–1 away win over Coventry City. Newly promoted Charlton Athletic hold Liverpool to a 3–3 draw at Anfield.
20 September 1998 – Arsenal beat Manchester United 3–0 in the league at Highbury – the fourth defeat they have inflicted upon Alex Ferguson's team in less than a year.
23 September 1998 – Everton sign 22-year-old goalkeeper Steve Simonsen from Tranmere Rovers for £3.3million.
30 September 1998 – September ends with Aston Villa as Premier League leaders 5 points above second-placed Derby County are putting up a surprise title challenge after being predicted by many to struggle in the battle against relegation. Manchester United, Liverpool and Wimbledon complete the top five. Southampton prop up the top flight with one point from their opening six games, while Coventry City and Blackburn Rovers completing the relegation zone. Sunderland remain top of Division One, level on points with surprise promotion challengers Huddersfield Town. Bolton Wanderers, Watford, Birmingham City and Norwich City occupy the playoff places, while surprise promotion contenders Bury are keeping up the pressure on the top six.
1 October 1998 – George Graham quits Leeds United after two years as manager to take over at Tottenham Hotspur.
3 October 1998 – Middlesbrough's return to the top flight continues with a 4–0 home win over Sheffield Wednesday.
9 October 1998 – Everton sign Ivorian striker Ibrahima Bakayoko from Montpellier for £4.5million.
15 October 1998 – Steve Watson, Newcastle United's longest serving player (who joined the club on leaving school in 1990), is sold to Aston Villa for £4.5million.
25 October 1998 – Leicester City confirm that manager Martin O'Neill will not be moving to Leeds United. Caretaker David O'Leary, formerly assistant manager at Elland Road, gets the manager's job on a permanent basis.
28 October 1998 – Chelsea player-manager Gianluca Vialli scores a hat-trick in the 4–1 League Cup third round win over Aston Villa. Making his debut as a late substitute is 17-year-old defender John Terry. On the same day, striker Brian Laudrup's departure from Chelsea is announced after just four months at the club.
31 October 1998 – Ron Reeves, a 55-year-old steward, is killed outside Highfield Road stadium after being crushed by the Arsenal team coach just before a game with Coventry City. The month ends with Aston Villa still top, a point ahead of second placed Manchester United, while Arsenal are close behind in third place. A wide gap is beginning to open up between the top three and the rest of the division, with Liverpool, Middlesbrough, Chelsea, Leicester City and West Ham United putting up the nearest competition. Southampton, still only with one win to their name, occupy bottom place and are joined in the relegation zone by Coventry City and Nottingham Forest. Sunderland and Huddersfield Town continue to head the race for Premier League football, with the top six being completed by Birmingham City, Ipswich Town, Watford and Norwich City. Grimsby Town (eighth) have emerged as surprise contenders for a second successive promotion, but Bury's challenge is falling away and they now occupy 15th place. Wolverhampton Wanderers fare little better after their dismal start to the season, now occupying 12th place.
5 November 1998: Wolverhampton Wanderers sack manager Mark McGhee after three years at the helm.
12 November 1998 – Peter Schmeichel, goalkeeper of Manchester United since 1991, announces his intention to leave the club at the end of this season. Roy Evans resigns as joint manager of Liverpool after nearly five years in charge and more than 30 years on the club's payroll, leaving Gérard Houllier in sole charge.
14 November 1998 – Colchester United fall victim to arguably the biggest upset of the FA Cup fourth round when they are defeated 4–1 by non-league Bedlington Terriers. Other Football League clubs to be eliminated by non-league counterparts include Barnet, Southend United and Shrewsbury Town.
21 November 1998 – Blackburn Rovers lose 2–0 at home to Southampton, leaving them bottom of the Premier League with a mere nine points from their opening 14 games. Manager Roy Hodgson resigns within hours of the defeat. Long-serving coach Tony Parkes is put in charge of the first team on a temporary basis. On the same day, Manchester United suffer a shock 3–1 defeat at Sheffield Wednesday.
30 November 1998 – November draws to a close with Aston Villa still leading Manchester United by a single point, but a surprise title challenge is creeping upon them from a West Ham United side with no previous top division titles to their name, and who have not finished in the top five for more than a decade. Arsenal and Chelsea complete the top five. Blackburn Rovers now prop up the top flight, having started the season among the teams tipped by many to challenge for the title. Southampton and Nottingham Forest remain in the drop zone. Sunderland continue to lead Division One, their nearest threat coming from Ipswich Town. Watford, Birmingham City, Bolton Wanderers and Sheffield United complete the top six, with Wolverhampton Wanderers providing the closest competition for the top six after a rejuvenation under new manager Colin Lee.
4 December 1998 – Brian Kidd steps down as Manchester United assistant manager to succeed Roy Hodgson as manager of Blackburn Rovers.
5 December 1998 – Blackburn beat Charlton 1–0 in their first game under Brian Kidd at Ewood Park.
8 December 1998 – Five years after leaving them from Blackburn Rovers, David Batty returns to Leeds United in a £4.4 million move from Newcastle United.
16 December 1998 – Brian McClair, who was among the names linked with succeeding Brian Kidd as assistant manager at Manchester United, is appointed as Kidd's assistant at Blackburn.
19 December 1998 – Manchester United lost 3–2 at home to Middlesbrough – their first home defeat for nine months. United are managed by coach Jimmy Ryan, as Alex Ferguson misses the game on compassionate grounds following the death of his sister-in-law, and United have yet to find a permanent successor to Brian Kidd as assistant manager.
23 December 1998 – The Independent reports that up to ten Premier League clubs could break away to join a European Super League if the Premier League loses its forthcoming High Court case with the Office of Fair Trading. The case will see the Office of Fair Trading bring a case against the Football League, BSkyB and the BBC in the hope of ending collective bargaining for television deals by Premier League clubs.
26 December 1998 – The key drama on Boxing Day sees defender Ronny Johnsen score twice in Manchester United's 3–0 home win over Nottingham Forest,
30 December 1998 – French defender Didier Domi joins Newcastle United in a £4 million move from Paris Saint-Germain.
31 December 1998 – 1998 draws to a close with Aston Villa still leading the Premier League, but with Chelsea, Manchester United, Arsenal, Leeds United and West Ham United all posing a fairly close threat. Nottingham Forest, Southampton and Charlton Athletic occupy the bottom three places. Sunderland and Ipswich Town continue to lead the way in the race for a Premier League place, with the playoff zone being occupied by Birmingham City, Bolton Wanderers, Watford and an ever-improving Bradford City.
4 January 1999 – Arsenal began their defence of the FA Cup by beating Preston North End 2–0 in the third round at Deepdale, while last year's runners-up Newcastle United win 2–1 at home to Crystal Palace. Manchester United, many people's favourites for the trophy, get off to a good start in the competition by beating Middlesbrough 3–1 at Old Trafford. However, Leeds United are held to a goalless draw at Conference side Rushden & Diamonds.
5 January 1999 – Nottingham Forest, bottom of the Premier League and winless for 17 games, sack manager Dave Bassett after less than two years in charge. Micky Adams, former Swansea City and Brentford manager, is placed in temporary charge of Forest.
8 January 1999 – 15-year-old Notts County schoolboy forward Jermaine Pennant signs for Arsenal's academy in a £2 million deal.
9 January 1999 – The first Premier League games of 1999 include Coventry City's 4–0 home win over Nottingham Forest – the 18th successive league game that the visitors have failed to win. Southampton beat fellow relegation strugglers Charlton Athletic 3–1 at The Dell.
11 January 1999 – Ron Atkinson is appointed manager of Nottingham Forest until the end of the season.
13 January 1999 – Leeds United avoid what would have been one of the biggest FA Cup upsets of modern times and beat Rushden and Diamonds 3–1 in the third round replay at Elland Road.
14 January 1999 – Wimbledon pay a club record £7.5 million for West Ham United striker John Hartson, who six months ago was a transfer target for Manchester United.
16 January 1999 – Two high scoring games in the Premier League sees Dwight Yorke and Robbie Fowler score hat tricks for their respective clubs as Manchester United thrash Leicester City 6–2 at Filbert Street, while Liverpool crush Southampton 7–1 at Anfield.
18 January 1999 – Bryan Kidd boosts his Blackburn Rovers side in their battle against relegation by signing Crystal Palace striker Matt Jansen for £4.1 million.
23 January 1999 – Aston Villa suffer a shock FA Cup exit at home to Division Two leaders Fulham in the fourth round.
24 January 1999 – Two late goals see Manchester United overturn Liverpool's 1–0 lead and win 2–1 in the fourth round tie at Old Trafford.
25 January 1999 – Cash-strapped Division One strugglers Oxford United hold Chelsea to an impressive 1–1 draw at the Manor Ground.
27 January 1999 – Two midfielders change clubs for £4 million – Marc-Vivien Foé from Lens to West Ham United and Jason McAteer from Liverpool to Blackburn Rovers.
28 January 1999 – Steve McManaman agrees to sign for Real Madrid from Liverpool at the end of the season.
30 January 1999 – Glenn Hoddle appears in an interview in The Sunday Times in which he suggests that disabled people are paying for their sins in a previous life. Nottingham Forest end their 19-match winless run in the league with a 1–0 away win over Everton.
31 January 1999 – January ends with Manchester United now top of the Premier League, but former leaders Aston Villa still only a point behind bracketed on points with Chelsea. Arsenal, meanwhile, have crept into the title frame and now stand fourth – just two points off the top. West Ham United's challenge has crumbled and they now stand ninth, with 11 points separating them from top spot. Nottingham Forest, meanwhile, have gone from bad to worse and now prop up the table. They are joined in the drop zone by Southampton and Charlton Athletic after Brian Kidd guided Blackburn Rovers out of the bottom three. Sunderland and Bradford City lead the way in Division One, with Bolton Wanderers, Ipswich Town, Watford and Birmingham City completing the top six. Grimsby Town are back in form and giving the top six a serious run for their money.
2 February 1999 – Glenn Hoddle is sacked as England manager two days after his controversial remarks.
3 February 1999 – Oxford United's luck in the FA Cup runs out: 17-year-old Mikael Forssell bags a brace on his first start for 4–2 victors Chelsea in the fourth round replay at Stamford Bridge.
4 February 1999 - Tim Sherwood signs for Tottenham Hotspur from Blackburn Rovers for £4 million, and Silvio Marić joins Newcastle United from Croatia Zagreb for $5.8 million.
5 February 1999 - Derby County assistant manager Steve McClaren is named as Manchester United's new assistant manager.
6 February 1999 – Manchester United record the highest ever away win in the Premier League by beating Nottingham Forest 8–1 at the City Ground. Substitute Ole Gunnar Solskjær scores four times.
28 February 1999 – February draws to a close with Manchester United now top of the Premier League four points, although nearest rivals Chelsea have a game in hand. Arsenal, Aston Villa and Leeds United complete the top five. Nottingham Forest remain bottom and are now ten points adrift of safety, while Southampton remain in the bottom three but Charlton Athletic have jumped clear at the expense of Blackburn Rovers. Sunderland are still top of Division One, their nearest competition coming from Bradford City and Ipswich Town who are level on points. Bolton Wanderers, Birmingham City and Watford complete the top six. Wolverhampton Wanderers, Grimsby Town and West Bromwich Albion continue to keep up the pressure in the push for a playoff place.
5 March 1999 – Former Doncaster Rovers chairman Ken Richardson is sentenced to four years in prison for paying a friend to start a fire at the club's Belle Vue ground in 1995. The arsonist, 41-year-old Alan Kristiansen, receives a one-year prison sentence, while two other men receive suspended sentences for their part in the fire, which caused £100,000 worth of damage.
7 March 1999 – Manchester United draw 0–0 with Chelsea in the FA Cup quarter-final at Old Trafford, with Paul Scholes being sent off for United and Roberto Di Matteo for Chelsea in a game which kicked off just hours after the death was announced of legendary former United striker Dennis Viollet from cancer at age 65.
10 March 1999 – Dwight Yorke keeps Manchester United in line for the treble as he scores both their goals in the 2–0 quarter-final replay win at Chelsea.
11 March 1999 – Aston Villa sign midfielder Steve Stone from Nottingham Forest for £5.5 million.
13 March 1999 – Nottingham Forest keep their faint survival hopes alive with a 3–1 away win over Wimbledon, only their third league win of the season.
16 March 1999 – Barnsley, the only non-Premier League team to reach the FA Cup quarter-finals, bow out at Oakwell when David Ginola scores the only goal of the game for Tottenham Hotspur, who remain in contention for a cup double.
17 March 1999 – The Monopolies and Mergers Commission vetoes BSkyB's takeover of Manchester United.
21 March 1999 – Tottenham Hotspur end their eight-year wait for a major trophy (and European qualification) thanks to a 1–0 win over Leicester City in the League Cup final.
22 March 1999 – Blackburn Rovers pay Derby County £3.4 million for midfielder Lee Carsley.
31 March 1999 – March ends with Manchester United still top of the Premier League by a four-point margin, with Arsenal and Chelsea as their nearest contenders. Leeds United, occupying fourth place, are still within a shout of the league title. West Ham United complete the top five, competing with most of the rest of the "safe" Premier League teams for a UEFA Cup place. Nottingham Forest's dreadful run of form has continued and they now need a miracle to escape relegation. Charlton Athletic and Southampton complete the bottom three. Sunderland are now 12 points ahead of their nearest rivals Ipswich Town at the top of Division One. Bradford City, Birmingham City and Bolton Wanderers remain in the playoff zone, where they are joined by a Wolverhampton Wanderers side whose form is continuing to improve.
3 April 1999 – Both league-leaders Manchester United and second-placed Arsenal drop points as they are both held, by Wimbledon and Southampton respectively. Elsewhere, Liverpool win the Merseyside derby 3–2, and Leeds United rack up their seventh win on the bounce–a club record–by beating Nottingham Forest.
11 April 1999 – Manchester United and Arsenal, competing head to head for both the Premier League title and the FA Cup, draw 0–0 at Villa Park in the FA Cup semi-final. In other semi-final, at Old Trafford, two goals in extra time from Alan Shearer send Newcastle United through to the final for the second year running and spell an end to Tottenham's hopes of a cup double.
14 April 1999 – One of the most thrilling games so far this season sees Manchester United beat Arsenal 2–1 in extra time in the FA Cup semi-final replay. United had taken the lead after 17th minutes thanks to David Beckham, only for Dennis Bergkamp to equalise after 69 minutes. Bergkamp could have won the game for Arsenal with just a minute remaining, but Peter Schmeichel saved his penalty shot and forced extra time, in which Ryan Giggs won it for United with a spectacular 109th-minute goal.
21 April 1999 – Manchester United reach their first European Cup final for 31 years – and only their second of all time – by recording a 4–3 aggregate win over Juventus. They won 3–2 in tonight's clash in Turin, having been 2–0 down at half-time. They drew 1–1 in the first leg at Old Trafford on 7 April.
23 April 1999 – UEFA rejects calls from English clubs for four, rather than three, Champions League qualification places to be available for next season's competition – this will only happen in the unlikely event of Manchester United winning the European Cup next month and finishing outside the top three of the Premier League.
24 April 1999 – Nottingham Forest's Premier League relegation is confirmed with a 2–0 defeat to Aston Villa, after which manager Ron Atkinson announces that he will retire at the end of this season.
30 April 1999 – April draws to a close with Arsenal now leading the Premier League, but Manchester United are a point behind with a game in hand. Chelsea and Leeds United remain in distant contention, while the final European place is being contested by Aston Villa, West Ham United, Middlesbrough, Derby County, Liverpool and Leicester City. Nottingham Forest's inevitable relegation has now been confirmed, with Southampton, Charlton Athletic, Blackburn Rovers, Coventry City, Everton and Sheffield Wednesday all in the battle of avoid going down as well. Sunderland are definitely in the Premier League next season, as champions of Division One. Bradford City and Ipswich Town are level on points in the race for second place, with Birmingham City now the only team who can catch either of them. Bolton Wanderers and Wolverhampton Wanderers complete the top six, but Watford are pushing hard for a playoff place.
6 May 1999 – Blackburn Rovers are relegated to Division One just four years after being Premier League champions.
8 May 1999 – On-loan goalkeeper Jimmy Glass scored an injury-time winner for Carlisle United on the final day of the season to save their Football League status, and relegate Scarborough to the Conference.
9 May 1999 – Sunderland's 2–1 win over Birmingham City on the final day of the Division One season has given them an English league record of 105 points this season. They will be joined in the elite next season by Bradford City, whose second-place finish has given them top flight football for the first time since 1922. Ipswich Town, Birmingham City, Watford and Bolton Wanderers will contest the playoffs. Meanwhile, Manchester United go back on top of the Premier League with a 1–0 win at Middlesbrough.
11 May 1999 – Arsenal lose their penultimate league game of the season 1–0 at Leeds United, losing their chance to go top of the Premier League – meaning that a win for Manchester United against Blackburn Rovers on Thursday will make it almost certain (regardless of final day results) that the league title will return to Old Trafford.
13 May 1999 – Manchester United are held to a goalless draw by former assistant manager Brian Kidd's Blackburn at Ewood Park – a result which confirms Blackburn's relegation (just four years after being champions) and allows the title destiny to remain firmly in United's hands.
16 May 1999 – Manchester United clinch their fifth Premier League title in seven seasons after beating Tottenham 2–1 at home on the final day of the season, rendering Arsenal's 1–0 home win over Aston Villa useless. Third placed Chelsea beat Derby County 2–1, while Leeds United end David O'Leary's first season in management in fourth place with a 2–2 draw at Coventry. West Ham's 4–0 home win over Middlesbrough secures them a fifth-place finish and a place in the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup, their highest finish for 13 years and their first European campaign in 19 years. The last relegation place goes to Charlton Athletic, who lose 1–0 at home to 12th placed Sheffield Wednesday, while Southampton confirm their survival with a 2–0 win over Everton.
18 May 1999 – Liverpool sign Finnish defender Sami Hyypiä from Dutch side Willem II for £3 million.
22 May 1999 – Manchester United complete a unique third 'double' of the league title and FA Cup with a 2–0 win over Newcastle United at Wembley. Teddy Sheringham opens the scoring in the 11th minute and Paul Scholes adds to United's tally in the 53rd minute. In four days' time, they will be competing in the European Cup final to challenge for a unique treble.
26 May 1999 – Two late goals (the equaliser from Teddy Sheringham and the winner from Ole Gunnar Solskjær) save Manchester United from the jaws of defeat and they beat Bayern Munich 2–1 in the Champions League final at the Camp Nou to complete a unique treble.
30 May 1999 – Watford seal promotion to the Premier League with a 2–0 win over Bolton Wanderers in the Division One playoff final at Wembley. They are first team since Notts County in 1991 to reach the top flight with two successive promotions.
31 May 1999 – Two late goals save Manchester City from the jaws of defeat as they pull Gillingham back to 2–2 in the Division Two Play-off Final at Wembley. They go on to win 3–1 on penalties to attain their first promotion in ten years.
12 June 1999 – Alex Ferguson receives a knighthood just over two weeks after guiding Manchester United to the treble.
Famous debutants
The season saw several future England players make their first-team debuts.
Steven Gerrard, 18, appeared as a late substitute for Liverpool in their win over Blackburn Rovers in November 1998, starting a long career at the heart of the Reds' first-team.
Future England defender Wayne Bridge made his first-team debut for Southampton in their 2–1 home loss to Liverpool in August 1998.
19-year-old Leeds United goalkeeper Paul Robinson enjoyed several first-team appearances, the first being a goalless draw with Chelsea in October 1998.
Robinson's Leeds teammate Alan Smith, 18, made an immediate impact at Liverpool the following month, coming off the bench to score almost instantly.
Jonathan Woodgate, 18, played for Leeds in their 1–1 draw with Nottingham Forest in October 1998 and ended the season as part of the England side.
Defender John Terry, 17, played for Chelsea for the first time in the final minutes of a League Cup win over Aston Villa in October 1998.
17-year-old Joe Cole made his debut for West Ham United in a 4–1 defeat to Manchester United
Retirements
Steve Nicol, 37, retired from playing after a season at Doncaster Rovers, after his efforts to get them back into the Football League from the Conference proved unsuccessful.
Ian Rush, 37, retired from playing after a season at Wrexham in Division Two.
Steve Bruce, 38, Sheffield United player-manager, made his last professional appearance on 28 November 1998 and officially announced his retirement as a player on 24 May 1999.
Chris Waddle, 37, left Torquay United on 3 November 1998 after a seven-match spell with the Division Three club.
Steve Bull, 34, retired from playing after 13 years and a club record 306 goals at Wolverhampton Wanderers, where he was the longest serving player by the time he announced his retirement on 13 July 1999.
Deaths
2 September 1998: Jackie Blanchflower, 65, was a Manchester United and Northern Ireland centre-half during the 1950s. He suffered a fractured pelvis in the Munich air disaster of 1958 and retired from football following medical advice a year later. He was the younger brother of former Tottenham Hotspur captain Danny Blanchflower (1926–1993).
23 September 1998: Ray Bowden, 89, was the last surviving member of Arsenal great interwar side, having played for them as an inside-forward from 1933 and 1937, during which time he collected three league titles and an FA Cup winner's medal.
18 October 1998: Dick Sheppard, 53, played 39 league games in goal for West Bromwich Albion during the 1960s before a six-year spell at Bristol Rovers which yielded 151 league appearances. He later served the West Country club as a goalkeeping coach.
7 November 1998: John Osborne, 57, who died of cancer, kept goal for West Bromwich Albion in their 1968 FA Cup triumph. He began his career with Chesterfield and after reaching the pinnacle of his career with Albion he wound up with Walsall.
24 December 1998: Matt Gillies, 77, managed Leicester City to their first major trophy in 1964 when they won the League Cup during his club record 10-year spell as manager. They also reached two FA Cup finals when he was in charge, losing both times. He had also played more than 100 league games for the club as a player in the 1950s, signing from Bolton Wanderers after starting his career with Motherwell in his native Scotland.
25 December 1998: John McGrath, 60, was manager of Preston North End when they won promotion to the Third Division in 1987. As a player, he was centre-half for clubs including Newcastle United and Southampton. He died of a heart attack on Christmas Day, six years after leaving his final managerial post at Halifax Town.
18 January 1999: Horace Cumner, 80, who was capped three times as a forward for Wales in the late 1930s, starting his playing career at Arsenal, playing 14 league games and scoring three goals before signing for Notts County after the end of World War II. He later turned out for Watford, Scunthorpe United and Bradford City in a career which continued into the 1950s.
4 February 1999: Arthur Mann, 51, began his footballing career at Hearts before moving south of the border to play for Manchester City and later Notts County, Shrewsbury Town, Mansfield Town and finally non-league Kettering Town. Was later assistant manager to Alan Buckley at Grimsby Town (1989–1994) and later West Bromwich Albion (1994–1997). Died in an accident at a scrapyard in Birmingham.
23 February 1999: Les Howe, 86, scored 26 league goals in 165 appearances for Tottenham Hotspur as a wing-half in the 1930s before his career was effectively ended by the war.
1 March 1999: Albert "Digger" Kettle, 76, was a defender in the Colchester United side which was elected to the Football League in 1950, and played a total of 145 games for the club in the Southern League and Football League.
6 March 1999: Dennis Viollet, 65, was another former Manchester United player (centre-forward) and Munich air disaster survivor. He continued playing after the tragedy and remained on United's payroll until he joined Stoke City in 1962, by which time he had scored 179 goals in all competitions for the club and scored 32 league goals in the 1959–60 season, a club record. At the time of his death from cancer, he was living in the United States of America, having coached various teams there since the 1970s. Despite his goalscoring success at the highest level, he was only capped twice by England.
16 March 1999: John Liddell, 65, had a prolific start to his senior career in his native Scotland after joining St Johnstone in his mid twenties, scoring 32 goals in 35 league games before moving south of the border to Oldham Athletic in 1961, where he played 23 league games and scored 10 goals before joining non-league Mossley a year later. He then turned out for Worcester City.
28 April 1999: Sir Alf Ramsey, 79, managed England to their finest moment – World Cup glory in 1966. Had played for Tottenham and England during the postwar years and had proved himself as a club manager by winning the league title for Ipswich Town in 1962 – at the end of their first season as a top division club. Remained at the helm with England until 1974, and later had a brief spell as manager of Birmingham City.
29 April 1999: Les Bennett, 81, played 272 league games at inside-forward for Tottenham Hotspur between 1946 and 1954, and was a key player in the title winning side of 1951. He completed his senior career with West Ham United before playing for a further five years at non-league level, finally hanging up his boots in 1960 at the age of 42.
14 May 1999: Bobby Veck, 79, played 23 league games for Southampton in the immediate postwar years before signing for Gillingham on their return to the Football League in 1950, playing 36 league games and scoring 12 goals for them before retiring from senior football to play in the non-league divisions.
2 June 1999: Ron Reynolds, 71, began his career as a goalkeeper at Aldershot at the end of World War II, playing 114 games in the Third Division North before signing for Tottenham Hotspur in 1950. He was at White Hart Lane for 10 years and played 86 league games for the club. He then signed for Southampton and made 90 league appearances for the Saints before his career was ended by injury in 1963.
References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399%20in%20English%20football |
The Lamborghini LM004 was a prototype off-road vehicle designed and built by Lamborghini.
The LM004 was essentially a modified LM002, but in order to try to make it appeal to a new range of customers it was outfitted with bucket seats, a phone, a refrigerator, and several other luxury features. The main change in the new vehicle was to outfit it with an all new, noticeably larger, , 7 L V12 engine. The engine did not perform as well as expected, and the increase in weight and size was determined to not be worth the additional development. Only a single prototype was produced.
LM004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamborghini%20LM004 |
Budge is a verb, meaning to move.
Budge can also refer to:
Budge of court, free food and drink in a royal court
Budgebudge, a city in the state of West Bengal, India
Budge Hall, a building at Brigham Young University
Budge, a mediaeval term for lamb's skin fur clothing or trimming with the wool showing outwards
People:
Ann Budge, Scottish businesswoman
Bill Budge, computer game programmer and designer
BudgeCo, a company founded by Bill Budge
E. A. Wallis Budge, English Egyptologist, Orientalist, and philologist
Edward Budge, English theologian and geologist
Hamer H. Budge, American legislator and judge
Paul Budge, British businessman, finance director of the Arcadia Group
Richard Budge (1947–2016), British coal mining entrepreneur
Susan Budge (born 1959), ceramic sculptor
Budge Crawley, Canadian film producer
In sports:
Don Budge, American tennis champion
Grahame Budge, former Scotland rugby player
Budge Patty, American tennis player
Budge Pountney, former rugby player and director
Budge Rogers, former England rugby player
Adam Cole, American Professional Wrestler
Others
Budge Studios, a Canadian video game company
"Budge", a song by Dinosaur Jr. from the album Bug, 1988
See also
BUDG | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budge |
A zoetrope is a device used for animation. It makes motion pictures using rotating images viewed through occasional slits to give it a moving feel.
Zoetrope may also refer to:
Zoetrope: All-Story, a quarterly fiction magazine founded by Francis Ford Coppola
American Zoetrope, a studio founded by filmmakers Francis Ford Coppola and George Lucas and Coppola's movie-production company
Zoetrope Interactive, a Turkish video-game developer
Zoetrope (film), an Irish film
In music:
Zoetrope (band), an American thrash metal band
Zoetrope (album), an album by Lustmord; the soundtrack to a short psychological horror movie of the same name
"Zoetrope", a song by Boards of Canada from In a Beautiful Place Out in the Country
See also
Zeotrope, a type of liquid mixture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoetrope%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Louis Israel Dublin (November 1, 1882 – March 7, 1969) was a Jewish American statistician. As vice president and statistician of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, he promoted progressive and socially useful insurance underwriting policies. As a scholar, Dublin was an important figure in the establishment of demography as a social-scientific discipline in the United States during the 1920s and 1930s. Dublin was interested in eugenics but as a Jew of recent immigrant extraction criticized eugenicists for equating biological superiority with Nordic origins.
Dublin was born in Kovno, Russian Empire. He came to the U.S. in 1886 with his parents Max and Sarah (Rosensweig). Dublin obtained his bachelor's in 1901 at City College of New York. He earned his Ph.D. at Columbia University in 1904. He married Augusta Salik on April 5, 1908. Dublin taught at Yale as a lecturer in vital statistics. In 1924 served as president of the American Statistical Association.
He died in Winter Park, Orange County, Florida at the age of 86.
Body Mass Index
While serving as a vice president at Met Life Insurance and as a statistician Dublin developed a height for weight table based on longevity of life insurance holders in the early 1940s. These tables would later develop into the Body Mass Index developed by University of Minnesota's cholesterol and heart disease physiology researcher Ancel Keys in 1972. Keys intended the BMI to be used only for the study of groups and not to be applied to individuals. The index is statistically very limited in usefulness as covered a very limited demographic of people who were able to afford life insurance and who were mostly white.
Major works
Louis Israel Dublin, Alfred J. Lotka: The Money Value of a Man (Public Health in America Series). New York : Arno Press, 1977 (Repr. of the 1930 ed. by the Ronald Press Co., New York).
with Lee K. Frankel and Miles M. Dawson, Workingmen's Insurance in Europe, 1910
with Lee K. Frankel, Principles of Life Insurance, 1911
Mortality Statistics of Insured Wage Earners and Their Families, 1919
Louis I. Dublin, To Be or Not to Be: a Study of Suicide, 1933. Harrison Smith and Robert Hass, New York.
Louis I. Dublin, A Family of Thirty Million: The Story of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, 1943.
Louis I. Dublin, The Facts of Life: From Birth to Death, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1951.
A 40 Year Campaign Against Tuberculosis, 1952
Louis I. Dublin, Suicide: a Sociological and Statistical Study, 1963. Ronald Press Company, New York.
Other works
Louis I. Dublin, After Eighty Years (autobiography) University of Florida Press, Gainesville 1966, pp. 243
Louis I. Dublin, "Home-Making and Careers," Atlantic Monthly, 138: 335–43, September 1926.
Louis I. Dublin and Jessamine S. Whitney (April 1921). "The Costs of Tuberculosis" American Review of Tuberculosis 5:178-184.
Collected papers at the Archives, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
References
Inline
General
Marquis, Albert Nelson, ed. Who’s Who in America, a Biographical Dictionary of Notable Living Men and Women of the United States, 1926–1927, vol. 14, Chicago: The A.N. Marquis Company, 1926, 624.
External links
American Statistical Association's biography (PDF file)
Finding Aid to the Louis I. Dublin Papers
Library of Congress listing of Louis I. Dublin publications
1882 births
1969 deaths
American statisticians
Columbia University alumni
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
Presidents of the American Statistical Association
Jewish scientists
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Israel%20Dublin |
WHNT-TV (channel 19) is a television station in Huntsville, Alabama, United States, affiliated with CBS. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside Florence-licensed CW owned-and-operated station WHDF (channel 15). Both stations share studios on Holmes Avenue Northwest in downtown Huntsville, while WHNT-TV's transmitter is located on Monte Sano Mountain. The station also operates three news bureaus: Decatur, Sand Mountain (Albertville), and Shoals (Florence).
History
Early history
WHNT began operations on Thanksgiving Day, November 28, 1963 (the first new station to be launched after President John F. Kennedy was assassinated). It has been a CBS affiliate for its entire existence, and is the only Huntsville-area station to have never changed its affiliation. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) originally licensed the frequency for WHNT to the city of Fort Payne some to the southeast. The station was founded by a former employee of Birmingham station WAPI (now WVTM), Charles Grisham, now deceased, who later added two other Southern stations, WSLA in Selma, Alabama and WYEA in Columbus, Georgia, to his portfolio.
WHNT-TV first used 16 mm film for most of its commercial and news gathering. In 1979, it switched to the ¾-inch video tape format. WHNT used this system until 1998 when new Panasonic DVC machines and cameras were purchased.
New York Times ownership
In 1980, Grisham sold WHNT to The New York Times Company, which operated it for over a quarter century and the third station owned by their broadcasting division. WHNT's facilities were moved from Monte Sano Mountain to downtown Huntsville in 1987. The move was prompted by a fire that destroyed rival WAFF-TV (channel 48)'s studios, then on Governors Drive, five years earlier. The transmitter and tower remain on Monte Sano because the mountain provides the highest elevation in the immediate area; backup broadcast capabilities for news also remain at the Monte Sano site for use during an emergency.
WHNT is the only major station in Huntsville to operate from a facility actually constructed specifically for broadcasting purposes. WAAY-TV (channel 31) operates from a former gas station, WAFF-TV from a former jewelry store, and WZDX (channel 54) from an office building. In 2003, WHNT allowed competing stations WAAY and WZDX to use space on its tower after both stations' towers used on WAAY's property collapsed, killing three men.
Local TV and Tribune ownership
In September 2006, The New York Times Company announced that it would put its nine television stations, including WHNT, up for sale. On January 4, 2007, the company sold its television stations in a group deal to Local TV, a holding company operated by private equity group Oak Hill Capital Partners, for $530 million; the sale was finalized on May 7.
In October 2010, the station stopped using videotape. All cameras now record on digital memory cards and video playback for all newscasts comes off a digital server. WHNT's archives, the most extensive in Huntsville television, go back to 1973 and include a mix of film and videotape. The film library had been stored at the University of North Alabama in Florence, but has recently been returned to Huntsville. On July 1, 2013, the Tribune Company (which formed a management company that operated both its own television stations and those owned by Local TV in 2008) acquired the Local TV stations for $2.75 billion; the sale was completed on December 27.
Aborted sale to Sinclair; sale to Nexstar
Sinclair Broadcast Group, which has owned KDSM-TV since 1996, entered into an agreement to acquire Tribune Media on May 8, 2017, for $3.9 billion, plus the assumption of $2.7 billion in Tribune debt. The deal received significant scrutiny over Sinclair's forthrightness in its applications to sell certain conflict properties, prompting the FCC to designate it for hearing and leading Tribune to terminate the deal and sue Sinclair for breach of contract.
Following the Sinclair deal's collapse, Nexstar Media Group of Irving, Texas, announced its purchase of Tribune Media on December 3, 2018, for $6.4 billion in cash and debt. As Nexstar already owned Fox affiliate WZDX and CW affiliate WHDF (channel 15), the company agreed on March 20, 2019, to divest WZDX to Tegna Inc. as part of a series of transactions with multiple companies that totaled $1.32 billion. (As WHDF does not rank among the top four in total-day viewership and therefore is not in conflict with existing FCC in-market ownership rules, it was retained by Nexstar, thus creating a new duopoly with WHNT.) The sale was completed on September 19, 2019.
Programming
WHNT clears the entire CBS schedule, except for CBS Saturday Morning. Syndicated programming on WHNT includes Family Feud, Inside Edition and Access Hollywood among others.
News operation
WHNT has been noted for live coverage of breaking news such as the shooting death of a Huntsville police officer, the 2006 Huntsville bus crash, and the solving of a thirty-year-old murder case in September 2007. Generally speaking, over the years, WHNT has always been competitive in terms of ratings with rivals WAAY and WAFF. In fact, this station is the only one among the three major network affiliates in Huntsville to have never finished in last place in the Nielsen ratings. Since Fall 2004, WHNT has used the ARMOR Doppler Weather Radar system in weather forecasting along with its own weather radar at its transmitter site.
On August 18, 2008, WHNT became the first television station in Huntsville to begin broadcasting all of its news programs in digital 16:9 widescreen. Although not truly high definition when launched, the broadcasts match the ratio of HD television screens. On April 13, 2009 starting with the weeknight 5 o'clock show, the station stopped using the NewsChannel 19 name and became WHNT News 19. Beginning on February 1, 2010, WHNT added a weeknight prime time newscast at 9 on WHNT-DT2 (referenced on-air as WHNT2). This newscast was discontinued in 2017. WHNT also previously aired an hour-long newscast at 7 a.m. on WHNT2, but discontinued it in September 2010. In November 2010, WHNT added a Sunday evening prime time newscast at 9 p.m. on WHNT2. Following the major tornado outbreak of April 27, 2011, WHNT introduced a 6:30 p.m. newscast.
On August 18, 2010 during the 10 p.m. newscast, WHNT became the first station in Huntsville to begin airing news segments in full high definition. The first segment was a sunset scene in Huntsville's Big Spring Park.
On February 2, 2011, WHNT upgraded its newscast productions to full high-definition. During the two-month transition to HD, the station's newscast originated from another part of the building while the studio was completely renovated for the first time since 1987. WHNT's newscasts are in high definition from both the studio and field like many of WHNT's Local TV stablemates. This made WHNT the first station in Huntsville to be fully HD. Also, all of the station's file video since October 2010 is in high definition.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Until November 25, 2008 at 5 p.m., the station programmed a 24-hour local weather channel on its second digital subchannel. It then switched to RTV, which was later replaced by a similar network, Antenna TV, in January 2011.
WHNT-TV became a charter affiliate of Antenna TV upon its launch on January 1, 2011; it is carried on digital subchannel 19.3 (as of April 25, 2016).
Analog-to-digital conversion
In May 2002, WHNT became the first station in the Huntsville market to broadcast a digital signal and begin broadcasting in high definition on UHF channel 59.
WHNT-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 19, on June 12, 2009, as part of federally mandated transition from analog to digital television. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 59, which was among the high band UHF channels (52-69) that were removed from broadcasting use as a result of the transition, to its analog-era UHF channel 19 for post-transition operations. The station was originally going to move to channel 46 but received late permission from the FCC to move digital broadcasts to channel 19, following the closure and license cancellation earlier in the year of Florence station WYLE, which was to have broadcast on digital channel 20.
References
External links
HNT-TV
CBS network affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1963
Antenna TV affiliates
1963 establishments in Alabama
Nexstar Media Group | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHNT-TV |
Dragonsinger is a young adult science fiction novel by the American-Irish author Anne McCaffrey. Published by Atheneum Books in 1977, it was the fourth to appear in the Dragonriders of Pern series written by Anne McCaffrey and her son Todd McCaffrey.
As the sequel to Dragonsong, it was the second book in the Harper Hall of Pern trilogy, with a new publisher, editor, and target audience (young adults). The original Dragonriders of Pern trilogy was completed after publication of the first two Harper Hall books.
Plot summary
The novel follows Menolly, now apprenticed into the Harper Hall, a type of music conservatory for harpers (minstrels/educators) and other music professionals, as she begins her musical training to become a harper herself one day. The story begins within hours of the final events of Dragonsong, rounding out the tale of Menolly's coming of age.
Menolly arrives at Harper Hall to find herself the center of unwanted attention and conflict. As the Hall's first female apprentice, the Masters are divided on whether or not she is worth training, causing Menolly to be greeted with various degrees of ambivalence. Due to her gender, she is not allowed to share a dormitory with her fellow all-male apprentices and must be housed with the female students, none of whom are serious musicians and all of whom shun Menolly as an outsider. Conversely, because she dorms with the students, the apprentices reject her, claiming she is not truly one of them, and leaving Menolly confused as to her true place in Harper Hall.
In spite of these challenges, Menolly excels at all aspects of her apprenticeship while continuing to compose original tunes. She also becomes helpful to the Dragonriders by teaching them what she knows about fire-lizards, and presents Masterharper Robinton and his Journeyman Sebell with fire-lizards of their own. One night Menolly is woken by her frantic fire-lizards, who show her a terrifying vision of a Dragonrider and his dragon falling from the sky in flames. It is later revealed that the telepathic Dragons actually witnessed this event halfway across the world and transmitted the image to the fire-lizards, who in turn showed Menolly. The incident confirms suspicions that fire-lizards share a telepathic link with dragons and that they may have other undiscovered gifts.
By the end of her first week, all the Masters agree that there is nothing they can teach Menolly, as she essentially completed her apprenticeship under her first Harper Petiron long before she came to Harper Hall. Much to her surprise, Menolly is promoted to Journeyman. During all of this, Menolly befriends many people, including Camo and Piemur.
Awards
The American Library Association in 1999 cited the two early Pern trilogies (Dragonriders and Harper Hall), along with The Ship Who Sang, when McCaffrey received the annual Margaret A. Edwards Award for her "lifetime contribution in writing for teens".
Dragonsinger placed ninth for the annual Locus Award for Best Novel.
Notes
References
External links
1977 novels
1977 science fiction novels
Dragonriders of Pern books
Novels by Anne McCaffrey
Young adult fantasy novels
Atheneum Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragonsinger |
Cruz del Tercer Milenio (Spanish for "Third Millennium Cross") is an 83 meter tall, 40 meter wide, concrete cross located at the top of El Vigía hill in Coquimbo, Chile. Construction began in 1999 and it was completed in 2001. It sits 197 meters above sea level. It was considered the tallest monument in South America.
External links
Official site
http://www.skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b3810
Monuments and memorials in Chile
Monumental crosses
Buildings and structures in Coquimbo Region
2001 establishments in Chile
Buildings and structures completed in 2001
Modernist architecture in Chile
Brutalist architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruz%20del%20Tercer%20Milenio |
FM 104 may refer to:
FM104, a station in Dublin, Ireland
Farm to Market Road 104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM%20104 |
The Algonquin Galleria Center is an outdoor shopping mall at the southeast corner of Randall Road and County Line Road in Algonquin, Illinois. Plans were for of space with 150 stores and restaurants set over , but were never really completed. Similar to the existing Algonquin Commons across the street, it will be an outdoor mall, or lifestyle center, with stores spread out in multiple buildings, allowing shoppers to drive up to their favorite store. The Galleria is intended to be an upscale mall, not a typical power center it features; high quality aesthetics, striking architecture, one of the largest agglomerations of furniture retailers in the area,a cluster of restaurants, specialty stores, and a Bowlero bowling facility to serve as the center's entertainment complex.
The center was to be built in three major phases over a period of five to seven years. Phase I is the only one completed The project was developed by Oak Brook-based Mid-America Development Partners, LLC.
The Algonquin Galleria and Algonquin Commons combine to form the second largest retail complex in the state of Illinois.
Anchors
Best Buy
Bowlero
Jo-Ann Stores
La-Z-Boy
Deli 4 You
Restaurants
Potbelly
Golden Corral
Longhorn Steakhouse
See also
Algonquin Commons
Randall Road
Algonquin, Illinois
Esplanade (Algonquin)
References
External links
Mid America Development's Algonquin Galleria property listing
Algonquin, Illinois
Shopping malls in Kane County, Illinois
Shopping malls established in 2006
Buildings and structures under construction in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galleria%20Center |
An art bike is any bicycle modified for creative purposes while still being ridable. It is a type of kinetic sculpture. The degree of artistic creativity and originality or new functionality of art bikes varies greatly, depending on the artist or designer's intentions (as well as the subjective interpretation of what "art" is by the observer).
Examples
The annual Burning Man festival (held in the Black Rock Desert of Nevada, United States) is a popular setting for members of the art bike community to display and ride their sometimes radically modified and decorated bicycles.
The Dekochari is a form of art bike indigenous to Japan.
A cycle rickshaw is a bicycle designed to carry passengers; in countries like Bangladesh, India, Japan and South Africa these cycle rickshaws may feature elaborate decorations and can be considered art bikes.
Clown bikes and tall bikes are forms of art bikes.
"Pimp My 'Fahrrad'" is a German TV show featuring "pimped" bicycles especially modified for urban environments.
See also
Outline of cycling
Art car
Art truck
External links
"Slimm Buick - Bike Art"
"Bikengruvin - Recycled Bicycle ART"
Bicycle Forest's Homebuilders' Gallery
Burning Bikes Tribe
Couchbike
"BikeRod&Kustom Webzine"
"Artbike Movie"
Cycle types
Types of sculpture
Decorated vehicles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20bike |
A working paper or work paper may be:
A working paper or technical paper. Often, authors will release working papers to share ideas about a topic or to elicit feedback before submitting to a peer reviewed conference or academic journal. Working papers are often the basis for related works, and may in themselves be cited by peer-review papers. They may be considered as grey literature.
Sometimes the term working paper is used synonymously as technical report. Working papers are typically hosted on websites, belonging either to the author or the author's affiliated institution. The United Nations uses the term "working paper" in approximately this sense for the draft of a resolution.
Documents required for a minor to get a job in certain states within the United States. Such papers usually require the employer, parent/guardian, school, and a physician to agree to the terms of work laid out by the employer.
Audit working papers: Documents required on an audit of a company's financial statements. The working papers are the property of the accounting firm conducting the audit. These papers are formally referred to as audit documentation or sometimes as the audit file. The documents serve as proof of audit procedures performed, evidence obtained and the conclusion or opinion the auditor reached.
See also
Preprint
Grey literature
Living document
References
Scientific documents
Publications by format
Grey literature | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working%20paper |
Type H Tightlock couplers are a variety of Janney coupler, typically used on North American mainline passenger rail cars. They have mechanical features that reduce slack in normal operation and prevent telescoping in derailments, yet remain compatible with other Janney types used by North American freight railroads.
Like all Janney couplers, the Tightlock is "semi-automatic". The couplers automatically lock when cars are pushed together, but workers must go between cars to hook up the air lines for the pneumatic brakes and connect cables for head-end power and other communications. To separate cars, a worker must use a lever to move the locking pin that keeps the coupler closed.
In Europe, some operators experimented with making fully automatic tightlock couplers by adding integral pneumatic and electric connectors, but these connections proved unreliable, and most have switched to the more common fully automatic Scharfenberg coupler.
Janney Type H Tightlock coupler standards were established by the Association of American Railroads, which transferred the standard to the American Public Transportation Association in 1971 when passenger service was nationalized in the United States from most private railway companies to Amtrak.
On a standard-gauge railway, the nominal mounting height for the coupler (rail top to coupler center) is , with a maximum height on empty cars and minimum height on loaded cars.
AAR Type F
AAR Type F Vertical InterLock couplers, often mistaken for the Type H Tightlock, are another variety, typical on North American gondola wagons that go through rotary dumpers.
Tightlock use in the United Kingdom
Type H couplers are in widespread use on multiple unit passenger trains in the UK built from the mid 1970s onwards. The previous generation of slam door units fitted with Buckeye/Henricot couplers had required a shunter to get down onto the track and stand between the two units to manually trip the coupler mechanism as well as connect or disconnect the air pipes and electrical jumper leads. In order to reduce staffing costs and cut down station dwell times, British Rail looked to incorporate an automatic coupler mechanism in its new power-door trains. Class 313 units were the first stock to incorporate this. Air-operated Tightlock couplers were chosen, together with underslung electrical connector boxes controlled by a Drum switch, and this allowed drivers to single-handedly attach or split a train without having to leave the cab.
Classes of train equipped included:
Class 313
Class 314
Class 315
Class 317
Class 318
Class 319
Class 320
Class 321
Class 322
Class 323
Class 365
Class 465
Class 466
Class 507
Class 508
Tightlock was generally a success in the UK, but there were reliability issues and some notable incidents occurred where trains divided in service. The constant couple-uncouple cycles of heavy London commuter services caused the couplers' mechanisms to wear out faster than expected. Connex South Eastern's Networker fleet was particularly susceptible to this and the company blamed its drivers in the media, then changed its coupling instructions to drivers to include a "push-on, pull off" power test and visual inspection to ensure that the knuckles had engaged fully.
By the early 2000s the first batch of Bombardier Electrostar Class 375s had been built with Tightlock couplers for Connex South Central and Connex South Eastern, but it was quickly decided that Dellner couplings would be preferable. All subsequent units were built with these, and their earlier examples were eventually modified.
All multiple-unit trains built for the UK since then have been equipped with Dellner couplings.
Gallery
See also
Changes to the Janney coupler since 1873
Draft gear
Drawbar
Gangway connection
Jane's World Railways, lists the coupler(s) used on any railway system
Length over headstocks
Multi-function couplers
Railway coupling
Railway coupling by country
Rotary car dumper
Safety of tank cars
Slack action
Three-point hitch
References
External links
TypeH TightLock Coupler Developed And First Used 1928 In North America On New York Central RR
TypeH TightLock Coupler Made AAR APT Standard In 1947 For Passenger Stock
Trains Magazine Article
Coupler Adapter: Janney To SA3 coupler
Couplers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tightlock%20coupling |
Herbert Monroe Allison, Jr. (August 2, 1943 – July 14, 2013) was an American businessman who oversaw the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Financial Stability from 2009 to 2010. His previous positions included president and CEO of Fannie Mae, a post to which he was appointed in September 2008, after Fannie was placed into conservatorship. Prior to that, Allison was chairman, president and chief executive officer of TIAA from 2002 until his retirement in 2008.
Early life
Herbert Allison was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Herbert M. Allison, Sr., an FBI agent, and Mary Boardman Allison. He grew up in Garden City, New York, and earned a B.A. in philosophy from Yale University in 1965.
Following college, he volunteered for service as an officer in the United States Navy. Following commission as an ensign, Allison served on two ships: the destroyer USS Arnold J. Isbell (DD-869) and amphibious command ship USS Taconic (LCC-17). After promotion to lieutenant, he then served a tour in-country in South Vietnam at the Coastal Surveillance Center, Nha Trang, where he was awarded the Navy Commendation Medal with Combat "V" for performance during Operation Market Time.
Upon completion of naval service in 1969, Allison received his M.B.A. from the Stanford University Graduate School of Business in 1971.
Career
Allison began his career at Merrill Lynch as an associate in investment banking and served variously as treasurer, director of human resources, chief financial officer, executive vice president, president, chief operating officer and as a member of the board during his 28 years there. While at Merrill Lynch, he worked in New York, London, Paris, and Tehran.
After the stock market crash of 1987, Allison revised the bonus structure at Merrill Lynch, adding compensation based on company performance to a plan that was previously based on individual performance alone. "Herbies," as the options became known, were controversial at first but ended up being extremely successful both for the company and the individuals involved.
In 1998, Allison played an instrumental role in preventing the collapse of Long Term Capital Management, a hedge fund whose rapid downturn in September of that year threatened the stability of the financial system. Allison proposed the solution that ultimately was adopted by fourteen Wall Street institutions. The participating institutions were all paid back.
After leaving Merrill Lynch in mid-1999, he served as National Finance Chair for U.S. Senator John McCain's first Presidential Campaign.
From 2000 to 2002, Allison was president and chief executive officer of the Alliance for Lifelong Learning, Inc., which offered online, college-level courses to adults.
In 2002, Allison was named chairman, president, and chief executive officer of TIAA, a Fortune 100 financial services organization that is the leading retirement provider for people who work in the academic, research, medical, and cultural fields. During his tenure, assets under management at the firm increased from $264 billion to over $435 billion. The company underwent significant change under his leadership, broadening its product lines beyond pensions to include financial services, life insurance, college savings plans, mutual funds, IRAs, and other offerings. The company also re-focused on customer service, adding offices closer to campuses, for example. Allison retired from TIAA in 2008, and was succeeded by Roger W. Ferguson, Jr.
Allison resigned as assistant secretary for financial stability in September 2010. Timothy Massad, who had been chief counsel to the Office of Financial Stability, succeeded him.
Allison was a member of several boards and advisory councils, including Time Warner, Yale School of Management, Stanford Graduate School of Business, and the International Advisory Committee of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. From 2003 to 2005 he was a director of the New York Stock Exchange.
Allison died on July 14, 2013, at his home in Westport, Connecticut of a possible heart attack. He was 69.
See also
List of prominent Stanford Graduate School of Business alumni
List of U.S. executive branch "czars"
List of Yale University people
References
External links
1943 births
2013 deaths
20th-century American naval officers
United States Navy personnel of the Vietnam War
Merrill (company) people
New York Stock Exchange people
Warner Bros. Discovery people
People from Garden City, New York
Businesspeople from Pittsburgh
People from Westport, Connecticut
Stanford Graduate School of Business alumni
United States Assistant Secretaries of the Treasury
United States Navy officers
Yale College alumni
American chief financial officers
American chief operating officers
Fannie Mae chief executive officers
20th-century American businesspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20M.%20Allison |
The Omo Kibish Formation or simply Kibish Formation is a geological formation in the Lower Omo Valley of southwestern Ethiopia. It is named after the nearby Omo River and is subdivided into four members known as Members I-IV. The members are numbered in the order in which they were deposited and date between 196 ka ~ 13-4 ka. Omo Kibish and the neighboring formations (Shungura and Usno) have produced a rich paleoanthropological record with many hominin (e.g. Paranthropus boisei) and stone tool (e.g. Oldowan tools) finds. The Kibish formation, in particular, is most notable for Richard Leakey's work there in 1967 during which he and his team found one of the oldest remains of anatomically modern Homo sapiens. Known as Omo Kibish 1 (Omo I), the fossil was dated to 196 ± 5 ka old and is among two other Omo remains (Omo II and Omo III) that were found in Member I. The Omo fossils were more recently (in 2022) re-dated to approximately 233 ± 22 ka old. In the early 2000s a research boom enriched the knowledge base about the Kibish Formation. Study of the faunal remains (large mammal and fish faunas) and stone tools provided insight into the archeological associations of Homo sapiens and thereby their behaviors and the complex environmental contexts in which they lived and evolved.
MSA Lithic assemblage
During Richard Leakey's original 1967 excavations several stone tools were found in association with Omo 1 at Kamoya's hominid site (KHS) but were not well described in the research literature. In the 2000s further excavations occurred at KHS in addition to two other sites: Awoke's hominid site (AHS) also located in Member 1 and the Bird's Nest Site (BNS) located in Member 2. Summaries of the lithic assemblages found during the more recent excavations also consider the lithics found in the initial 1967 excavation.
The most common material used to produce the lithics found is chert. In general high quality fine-grained cryptocrystalline silicate raw materials such as jasper, chert, chalcedony comprise the clear majority (60-90% ) across all sites. Given that all but one rare occurring material could be found in cotemporary gravel deposits in Member 1, it is predicted that early hominins obtained the necessary rock clasts to produce stone tools from local sources. Although all materials could be found in sufficient quantities in local gravel deposits, low quality materials such as shale, rhyolite and basalt were significantly more abundant. Moreover, high quality cores were more significantly reduced than were low quality cores. Together, these trends suggest that hominins were highly selective in their stone tool production. Sixty-nine percent of all cores are levallois cores or asymmetrical discoids which belong to the categorical class known as formal cores. Though the Kibish industry possess some characteristics that support the possibility of stone tool production aimed to accommodate high residential mobility, there are as well contradictory characteristics. For example, retouched tools are on the whole rare but the proportion of bifacially retouched tools is minuscule. In comparison to other MSA assemblages the cores were particularly small. However, it was hypothesized that this was a likely result of starting from smaller clasts. Despite such differences, paleoanthropologist John Shea concludes that the Kibish Industry seems to be a local variant of the larger east African industry yet to be named.
Faunal remains
Large-mammal fauna
Research by Assefa et al. sampled all members but obtained faunal remains from only Members I, III, and IV. The faunal assemblages obtained from each member are similar in their diversity of mammals and are largely representative of the large mammals which comprise the current community of fauna in the area. That is, predominantly bovids, suids, and equids but also other ungulates such as hippopotamuses, rhinoceroses etc. The fossil fauna sample falls short in terms of its limited representation of primates (only a single specimen) and carnivores; some bovid species are not represented at all. Conversely, Hylochoerus meinertzhageni and Cephalophus are sampled in fossil fauna but are not in the extant community. The presence of H. meinertzhageni and Cephalophus is interesting because they are reportedly rare in the African fossil record having occurred in few sites such as the Matupi Cave. Another notable find within the fossil fauna is that of Equus burchellii and E. grevyi because this may suggests that the Omo Kibish area has for a long time been an exception to the otherwise rare coexistence of the two species in a given habitat. It is predicted that inadequate sample size rather than the existence of only current fauna during the late- middle Pleistocene may explain the absence of any extinct species within the Kibish Formation.
Fish fauna
Taxonomic Composition
In total, 337 skeletal specimens of fish were collected from the Kibish formation members; as in the case of the mammals, fossils were found only in members I,III and IV. Although some of the 337 specimens likely belonged to the same individuals, it is believed that summaries of the taxonomic frequencies is not greatly impacted by this fact.
Together perciforms and siluriforms (catfish) comprise a staggering 86.7 percent of the Kibish assemblage. Importantly, the order perciform is represented entirely by a single species (Lates niloticus) while 76 percent of siluriforms are represented by Synodontis and clariids. Although the Kibish ichthyofauna does not closely approximate the documented biodiversity of the extant community (9 out of the 37 known genera were identified), overall it is similar to the modern fauna in the region. Member III contained all nine genera while Member I was missing Hydrocynus and Schilbe; nonetheless the two members were similar in the taxonomic frequencies (by order). Member IV contained only the three predominant genera ( Lates, Synodontis and Clarias).
Hominid Interaction
Although there are no suggestive markings on the fossil material itself, other lines of evidence suggest that fishing was an established method of subsistence for hominids occupying the Omo Turkana Basin. The main evidence includes barbed bone points, similar to those in other MSA sites, found in Member IV. In said MSA sites in eastern and southern Africa, these bone points were found in association with processed fish material. Moreover, characteristics of some of the Kibish taxa, such as their large size or preference for open waters habitats suggest that they would indeed require tools to be procured.
See also
Omo remains
References
Archaeological sites in Ethiopia
Geologic formations of Ethiopia
Pleistocene Series of Africa
Paleoanthropological sites
Archaeological sites of Eastern Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omo%20Kibish%20Formation |
DCLXVI: To Ride, Shoot Straight and Speak the Truth is the fourth album by the Swedish metal band Entombed, released in 1997.
DCLXVI is 666 in Roman numerals. The cover art features a statuette of the Aztec god Mictlantecuhtli.
This album shows a continuation of the death 'n' roll sound previously established on 1993's "Wolverine Blues", but eschews most traces of hardcore punk and traditional death metal in favor of a stoner rock and garage rock influenced sound.
The album was Metal Hammer magazine's #2 album of 1997. It was beaten by UK band Feeder's debut album Polythene.
Track listing
A limited digipak edition came with a bonus CD titled Family Favourites featuring four cover songs:
Personnel
Entombed
Lars-Göran Petrov – vocals, piano
Jörgen Sandström – bass
Uffe "Monster" Cederlund – guitar
Alex Hellid – guitar, artwork
Nicke Andersson – drums, artwork
Production
Entombed – produced
Tomas Skogsberg – produced, engineered, mixed, recorded
Enginestudio – artwork, design
Guerilla Art – artwork
Neil Rapi – photography
Steve Gurney – live sound
Fred Estby – assist
Trivia
The song "To Ride, Shoot Straight and Speak the Truth" was featured in the 2003 skateboarding video game Tony Hawk's Underground.
References
1997 albums
Entombed (band) albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCLXVI%3A%20To%20Ride%20Shoot%20Straight%20and%20Speak%20the%20Truth |
Won may refer to:
Won (Korean surname)
Won (Korean given name)
Won Buddhism, a specific form of Korean Buddhism
Currencies
South Korean won
North Korean won
Historical currencies
Korean won, used in the Korean Empire from 1902 to 1910
Won of the Red Army Command, used in the Soviet Civil Administration in North Korea from 1945 to 1947
South Korean won (1945–1953), used in the United States Army Military Government in Korea and South Korea
Related currencies
Renminbi, the currency of China, is also called "yuan", which is cognate with "won"
Yen, the currency of Japan, is also cognate with "won"
Other uses
Won (injustice), a social concept in the Joseon dynasty of Korea
WO-N, a Warrant Officer of the Australian Navy
WON Bass, a competitive bass fishing series of tournaments
World Ocean Network, an international non-profit association of organizations to promote the sustainable use of the oceans
World Opponent Network, a former online gaming service
In transportation
The ICAO airline code for Wings Air
The National Rail station code for Walton-on-the-Naze railway station, Tendring, England
In news
Western Outdoor News, a 'sportsmans weekly' publication based in California, USA
Wrestling Observer Newsletter, a professional wrestling newsletter written by Dave Meltzer
In media
Won (As Friends Rust album), a 2001 album by As Friends Rust
Won, 2002 album by Pacewon
Lugart Won, a character in the manga series Black Cat
ru:WON | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Won |
Sharon Kang Hom (, born 20 May 1951) is the Executive Director of Human Rights in China, adjunct professor of law at the New York University School of Law, and Professor of Law Emerita at the City University of New York School of Law. Hom taught law for 18 years, including training judges, lawyers, and law teachers at eight law schools in China. Her non-law book publications include Chinese Women Traversing Diaspora: Memoirs, Essays, and Poetry (ed.,1999). In 2007, she was named by the Wall Street Journal as one of the "50 Women to Watch" for their impact on business. Born in Hong Kong, she lives in New York with her family.
Biography
Sharon Hom was born in Hong Kong. She received her B.A. from Sarah Lawrence College and her J.D. from the New York University School of Law, where she was a Root-Tilden Scholar.
Hom has extensive experience in U.S.-Chinese law training and legal exchange initiatives. She was a Fulbright Scholar in China (1986–88), served on the U.S.-China Committee on Legal Education Exchange with China (CLEEC) (1990–2000), and was a faculty member and program director for the U.S. Clinical Legal Education Workshop convened at Tsinghua University School of Law (2000). She was also a scholar-in-residence at the Rockefeller Foundation's Bellagio Center in Italy (2000).
She has participated in numerous NGO, corporate, multilateral and bilateral consultations and workshops. She has testified on behalf of HRIC before a number of international policy makers, including the US House Committee on Foreign Affairs and the European Parliament, and has given numerous presentations at major conferences on human rights and China organized by non-governmental groups such as the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and World Press Freedom Committee.
She served on the Committee on Legal Education Exchange with China (CLEEC) (1990–2000), the Committee on Asian Affairs (1998–2002) of the Bar Association of the City of New York, and sits on the advisory board of Human Rights Watch/Asia (1995–present).
Selected publications
Hom's research and publications focus on Chinese legal reforms, women's rights and international human rights.
Books and book chapters
Contracting Law (1996, 2000)
English-Chinese Lexicon of Women and Law (Yinghan funu yu falu cihuishiyi) (UNESCO, 1995)
Chinese Women Traversing Diaspora: Memoirs, Essays, and Poetry (1999)
Challenging China: Struggle and Home in an Era of Change (2007)
“The Promise of a People's Olympics,” China's Great Leap: The Beijing Games and Olympian Human Rights Challenges (2008), (Minky Worden, ed.)
"Advancing women's international human rights in China," Gender Equality, Citizenship and Human Rights: Controversies and challenges in China and the Nordic countries (2010),(Pauline Stoltz, Marina Svensson, Sun Zhongxin, Qi Wang eds.)
“Claiming Women’s Rights in China,” The Unfinished Revolution: Voices from the Global Fight for Women’s Rights (2012), (Minky Worden, ed.)
Articles
The “Occupy Central 9” Cases: Rule of Law or Rule by Law in Hong Kong? THE JURIST (April 30, 2019).
“China and the WTO: Year One”, China Rights Forum, 2003, No. 1.
Commentary: Re-positioning Human Rights Discourse on “Asian” Perspectives. BUFFALO JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 3:1 (1996): 251-276; Reprinted in NEGOTIATING CULTURE AND HUMAN RIGHTS, edited by Lynda S. Bell, Andrew J. Nathan, and Ilan Peleg (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001).
Cross-Discipline Trafficking: What's Justice Got to Do with It? In Orientations: Mapping Studies in the Asian Diaspora, edited by Kandice Chuh and Karen Shimakawa. Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2001
With Eric Yamamoto, Re-forming Civil Rights in Uncivil Times: The Struggle over Collective Memory and Internationalizing Domestic Rights. UCLA LAW REVIEW 47:6 (August 2000): 1747–1802.
Lexicon Dreams and Chinese Rock and Roll: Thoughts on Culture, Language, and Translation as Strategies of Resistance and Reconstruction. UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI LAW REVIEW 53:4 (July 1999): 1003–1018.
Return(ing) Hong Kong: Journal Notes and Reflections. AMERASIA JOURNAL 23:2 (1997): 55-68.
Law, Ideology & Patriarchy in the People's Republic of China: Feminist Observations of an Ethnic Spectator. THE INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF COMPARATIVE PUBLIC POLICY 4 (1992): 173–191.
Female Infanticide in China: The Specter of Human Rights and Thoughts Towards (An)other Vision. COLUMBIA HUMAN RIGHTS LAW REVIEW 23:2 (1992): 249–314. Anthologized in CRITICAL RACE FEMINISMS: A LEGAL READER, edited by Adrien Wing (New York: New York University Press, 1997); and Reprinted in CHINESE LAW: SOCIAL, POLITICAL, HISTORICAL, AND ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES, edited by Tahirih V. Lee (New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1997).
Testimonies and Presentations
U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China: 15 Years after Tiananmen: Is Democracy in China's Future?, June 2004
U.S. House of Representatives Committee on International Relations: The Internet in China: A Tool for Freedom or Suppression?, February 2006
U.S. House of Representatives Committee on International Relations: Monitoring Respect for Human Rights around the World: A Review of the Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2005, March 2006
U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom: The Many Faces of China's Repression: Human Rights, Religious Freedom, and U.S. Diplomacy in China, January 2007
World Press Freedom Committee, After the 2008 Olympics in China, What Next for Press Freedom?, from "Challenges and Opportunities of New Media for Press Freedom", February 2007
European Parliament Subcommittee on Human Rights: Hearing on Human Rights in China in the Run-up to the Olympics, November 2007
Intervention before the Sub Committee on Human Rights, European Parliament Exchange of Views in preparation for the EU-China human rights dialogue, May 3, 2007.
U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China: The Impact of the 2008 Olympic Games on Human Rights and the Rule of Law in China, February 2008
Panelist, “Google and Internet Control in China: A Nexus Between Human Rights and Trade?”, U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China, March 24, 2010
Intervention before the Sub Committee on Human Rights, European Parliament Exchange of Views on Human Rights in China and the Role of the European Union following the last meeting of the EU China Human Rights Dialogue, December 5, 2011.
Panelist, “Examination into the Abuse and Extralegal Detention of Legal Advocate Chen Guangcheng and His Family”, U.S. Congressional-Executive Commission on China, Washington, D.C., November 1, 2011.
"Values and Strategic Narratives in International Human Rights," Panel on Value of Values: reconsidering the Role of Human Rights in US-China Relations," Wilson Center, Kissinger Institute on China, April 20, 2016.
References
1951 births
Living people
Sarah Lawrence College alumni
New York University School of Law alumni
City University of New York faculty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharon%20Hom |
Shen Tong (Simplified Chinese: 沈彤; Hanyu Pinyin: Shěn Tóng) (born 1968) is an American impact investor, activist, and writer. He founded business accelerators FoodFutureCo in 2015 and Food-X in 2014, the latter of which is recognized by Fast Company as one of "The World's Top 10 Most Innovative Companies of 2015 in Food". He was a Chinese dissident who was exiled as one of the student leaders in the democracy movement at Tiananmen Square in 1989. Shen was one of the People of the Year in Newsweek 1989, and he became a media, software, social entrepreneur, and investor in the late 1990s. He serves on the board of Food Tank.
Early life and education
Shen Tong was born in 1968, in Beijing. He studied biology at Peking University (Beida 北大), from 1986 to 1989. Having witnessed the brutal crackdown of protestors in the avenue leading to Tiananmen Square, he said that it accidentally made him one of the key student leaders during the June Fourth Incident in 1989.
Upon fleeing China for the United States, Shen transferred to Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts on a Wien International Scholarship, where he finished a Bachelor of Science degree in botany and genetics in 1991. After graduating from Brandeis, Shen enrolled to the PhD programs in philosophy at Harvard University, and in sociology at Boston University, studying with mentors such as Harvey Mansfield, Peter Berger, Daniel Bell, Samuel P. Huntington, and Michael Sandel.
Career
Social entrepreneurship
Shen Tong is a serial entrepreneur since 1990s and impact investor with more than fifty investments in food, media, and other high-tech ventures. After moving to New York City from Massachusetts in 2000, he focused on business ventures with impact and purpose related to food, media, and high-tech industries. He has several dozen publicly known commercial and impact investments. Collaborating with renowned figures such as Dan Barber, Dorothy Cann Hamilton, Michael Moss, and Michel Nischan, he founded Food-X in 2014, a startup accelerator that supported businesses with a positive impact on the food sector, running 11 cohorts until it ceased operations in 2020. In 2015, Shen also founded and served as the managing partner of FoodFutureCo, another business accelerator and impact investment firm which focuses on scale-up stage food, agriculture, social, and environmental entrepreneurship.
Shen’s portfolio of good food and sustainable agriculture holdings includes over 50 investments in 40 companies and continues to grow. His other social entrepreneurship portfolio includes companies such as WeFunder. His thesis of cultivating tasty, sustainable, healthy, accessible, and affordable food and agriculture businesses is explained in his TEDx Talk in addition to numerous speeches at Fancy Food Show, Esca Bona, Vitagora, Concordia, James Beard Foundation, Food Tank, Seed to Chips, Harvard Business School, BevNet, etc. The companies Shen has founded or co-founded have had numerous financial exits including VFinity, DCF, B&B Media, and GA Media. Two other financial exits came from his venture investments. He works with social entrepreneurs to build financially sustainable and impactful businesses.
Media ventures
Shen was the founder and president of the now defunct VFinity, company which made software tools and web applications for multimedia and multilingual search, media production, archiving, and media distribution. The founding idea was based on two patents. He is known for his promotion of "Context Media" partially due to his keynote speech at a super session of National Association of Broadcasters in Las Vegas, 2007. He founded the TV production company B&B Media Production and invested in bookstores and publishing in Beijing. B&B Media Production had created and produced several highly circulated and acclaimed TV programs, including the national weekend primetime show Tell It Like It Is during its first season.
In 2021, Shen became the advisor and mentor of the Vietnamese studio Sky Mavis for Axie Infinity, a Pokémon-inspired non-fungible token-based online video game where anyone can earn tokens through skilled gameplay and contributions to the ecosystem. The unique aspect of Axie Infinity is that all art assets and Axie genetic data are readily available to third parties, enabling community developers to craft their own tools and create diverse experiences within the Axie Infinity universe.
Humanitarian, political, and social activism
Student activism
Shen co-chaired the committee on dialogue with the government during the 1989 pro-democracy movement in China. He was on Changan Avenue when Chinese troops opened fire on the students. He had earlier obtained a Chinese passport to study biology at Brandeis University in the United States, so even though he was wanted by the Chinese government he was able to board a plane six days after the massacre on June 4, 1989. He was able to walk undisguised through police and security officials in the Beijing airport, possibly indicating broader support for the student democracy movement than the Chinese government contended at the time. Some of the biographical works about Shen Tong are Tiananmen Exiles and Standoff at Tiananmen.
Chinese democracy advocacy in the United States
Shortly after his arrival in the United States, Shen held a press conference at the Walker Center for Ecumenical Exchange in Newton, Massachusetts, giving the first detailed eye-witness account by a student leader of the Tiananmen Square massacre and of the events that led up to it.
During his studies in Massachusetts, he founded the Democracy for China Fund to support democratic movements in China and to promote ideas of political freedom and human rights. Shen Tong also helped established Radio Free Asia with bipartisan efforts led by then Senator Joe Biden in the 1990s. American NGO activist Marshall Strauss and program coordinator Juanita Scheyett-Cheng helped Shen found and operate the Fund. Coretta Scott King, John Kerry, Jeane Kirkpatrick, Nancy Pelosi, Kerry Kennedy, among other Western political and NGO figures and sinologists, were associated with Shen's organization in the 1990s. The Congressional Human Rights Delegation to China in 1991 headed by Nancy Pelosi and Republican congressman John R. Miller was organized by the Democracy for China Fund with the help and funding from Hong Kong Democrats. His 1992 trip back to China led to his and his associates' arrest. He was released and immediately exiled after two months of imprisonment under mounting international pressure, particularly from the US Congress, the Presidential Campaign of Bill Clinton, the Vatican, and European governments. In May 1993, days before the renewal of China's Most Favored Nation trading status by the US government, Shen was scheduled to give a speech at the United Nations press club, but was barred by UN General Secretary Boutros Boutros-Ghali due to strong protest from the Chinese government. He is known to be also associated with Chinese dissident activists and writers Liu Xiaobo, Wu'er Kaixi, Hu Ping, Ma Jian, Shi Tao, the Tibetan exile leader Dalai Lama, and the Taiwanese politician Ma Yingjiu. He is one of the narrators of the 2019 documentary Tiananmen: The People Versus the Party by PBS, BBC, and continental European TV networks. The documentary is a 2-hour show special about 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, "uncover[ing] the true story of the seven-week period that changed China forever".
Occupy Wall Street
In 2011, Shen supported the Occupy Wall Street movement. He is considered a main proponent of nonviolence, social media movement, nationally coordinated organization working with broad alliances, and strategic messaging. Believing in the power of a decentralized movement to combat the social and economic injustices that contribute to a dysfunctional democracy, he held planning meetings with protesters in his Broadway office.
COVID-19 relief efforts
When the COVID-19 pandemic reached New York, The New York Times reported Shen's "just-in-time" relief efforts during the first weeks of the pandemic outbreak in New York through his private networks in March 2020.
Cultural activities
Civil society
Shen served on the board of two non-profit organizations: Food Tank since 2015 and Poets & Writers from 2008 to 2014. Shen also founded a higher education and culture-focused NGO in the mid-1990s: a center in Budapest for liberal scholars, journalists, writers, and educators studying transitional society with funding from Open Society Institute and Central European University of George Soros, as well as a literature review magazine with Chinese dissident poets and writers with support from Allen Ginsberg, Susan Sontag, and Elie Wiesel.
Shen Tong is on Omnicom's sparks&honey Influencer Advisory Board, in addition to serving on boards and advisory boards for the Good Food Institute and being a member of NEXUS Global Summit. He also served as a venture partner of SOSV, a global multi-stage venture capital fund, after acting as general partner.
Media engagements
In films and television, Shen has been an actor, producer, and film festival sponsor and speaker (including Tribeca Film Festival). Shen appeared in the 2022 documentary The Exiles, a documentary film which tracked down three exiled dissidents from the Tiananmen Square massacre. It won the Grand Jury Prize in Sundance 2022. Shen also appeared as one of the main subjects in PBS Documentary Tiananmen: The People Versus the Party in 2019. He also starred in Out of Exile with co-star Sharif Atkins in 2000.
He worked with Arte, ABC News and Jean-François Bizot's Actuel magazine to produce Clandestins en Chine, including interviews with Jane Birkin, which premiered in a Paris theater and on Arte in 1992. He co-starred with actress Hu Zongwen in a made-for-TV two parts movie, which received the 6th Fei Tian National Award in 1986.
Shen’s work has been profiled by major media around the world in several languages by The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, ABC, CNN, BBC, CBS, NHK, TVB, The Guardian, Le Monde, Fortune, among others.
Literature
As a writer, Shen co-authored the book Almost a Revolution, published in 1990, a memoir of his life growing up in China and his experiences at the Tiananmen Square democracy movement. He carried on a diverse writing career with political commentary, scholarly essays, film critics, literary prose, and movie scripts in English and in Chinese, including publications in China under the pseudonym Rong Di.
Honorary degrees
He holds an honorary Ph.D. in 1991 from St. Ambrose University.
Controversies
In 2005, Shen Tong was accused in Taiwan with a woman surnamed Lai.
In 2017, Shen Tong and his wife (Ms. Lai) had disagreement in the U.S that led to indictment on one count of second-degree assault.
Personal life
He lives in New York City along with his three children. His father and sister Shen Qing both went to Peking University, and his mother is a medical doctor.
Notes
External links
1968 births
Living people
1989 Tiananmen Square protesters
Brandeis University alumni
Businesspeople in software
Chinese dissidents
Chinese television producers
Male actors from New York (state)
Peking University alumni
Writers from Boston
Writers from New York (state)
Harvard University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen%20Tong |
The political structure of Assam in India is headed by the ceremonial post of the Governor. He is assisted by a council of ministers, headed by the Chief Minister, who are members of the Assam Assembly. In recent years the Governor has become more powerful, especially because the last two Governors have been ex-Army generals and the Army is entrusted with anti-insurgency operations against ULFA and other armed groups .
History
The Assam legislative structure is unicameral and consists of the 126-member Assam Assembly. Members are elected for a period of 5 years. The Assam Assembly is presided over by the Speaker, who is generally a member of the ruling party.
State Government
National Legislature
Assam sends 14 Member of Parliament(s) to the Lok Sabha.
Karimganj 1 – All India United Democratic Front
Silchar 2 – Indian National Congress
Autonomous District 3 – Indian National Congress
Dhubri 4 – All India United Democratic Front
Kokrajhar 5 – Independent
Barpeta 6 – All India United Democratic Front
Gauhati 7 – Bharatiya Janata Party
Mangaldoi 8 – Bharatiya Janata Party
Tezpur 9 – Bharatiya Janata Party
Nowgong 10 – Bharatiya Janata Party
Kaliabor 11 – Indian National Congress
Jorhat 12 – Bharatiya Janata Party
Dibrugarh 13 – Bharatiya Janata Party
Lakhimpur 14 – Bharatiya Janata Party
See also
United Tribal Nationalist Liberation Front
References
External links
Assam Assembly - Official website | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics%20of%20Assam |
Colonel Enoch Hale (1733–1813) was born in Rowley, Province of Massachusetts Bay, on November 28, 1733. He and his brother Nathan (who was not the like-named Nathan Hale, famous spy of the American Revolution) lived as children in Hampstead, Province of New Hampshire, before moving to Rindge as young men and rising to prominence in the area.
Biography
Enoch Hale was a man of large possessions and very prominent in civil and military affairs, particularly during his residence in Rindge, Jaffrey and Walpole, NH. He became an extensive landowner shortly after settling in Rindge, and dealt largely in lands. He was the first justice of the peace of Rindge in 1768. Was Selectman of Rindge 1772, 73, 74,75 and 83 and was present and officiated at such town meetings in 1784; was a member of the New Hampshire Assembly in 1776 and 1778 representing Rindge, Jaffrey and Peterboro Slip (now Sharon); was delegate to the Provincial Congress at Exeter in 1775; high sheriff of Cheshire, 1778 to 1783; a member of the State Council, 1780 to 1783; senator from Cheshire County, 1784. In 1776 he was appointed colonel of a "geographical regiment" of the New Hampshire militia, and held that position during the war, having charge of all the raising, mustering and paying of troops within his district. In 1778 he raised a regiment to reinforce General Sullivan, then operating in Rhode Island in conjunction with the French Fleet, and marched in command of it to Rhode Island. The records of the New Hampshire Committee of Safety abound in references to him.(7th vol. Trans. N.H. Hist. Soc.) Before this he had served in the old French war, and was under Col. Monroe at Fort Wm. Henry at the massacre in 1758. Was a private in Captain Bayley's company, Col. Meserve's regiment, in the expedition to Crown Point March to November, 1757, and again in Capt. Hasen's company, Col. Hart's regiment, April to October, 1758.
He was an original member of the Congregational Church in Rindge at its organization in 1765, served frequently on ecclesiastical committees, and was active in the settlement of Rev. Dr. Seth Payson as pastor in 1781.
In 1785, after his removal to Walpole, he built, under an act of the Legislature of New Hampshire authorizing it, the first bridge across the Connecticut River at Bellows Falls, which remained the only bridge across the river until 1796. The Vilas Bridge is now in this location. After his removal to Grafton, Vermont, he represented that town in the Legislature of Vermont for two years when about 75 years of age. Wherever he lived, his vigorous intellect and energy of character impressed themselves on all about him and made him always a leader.
Sheriff of Cheshire County
" While Sheriff of Cheshire county in 1781 the controversy between the State of New Hampshire and the towns the known as the "New Hampshire grants" now Vermont, was at its height, the new State also claimed jurisdiction of several towns east of Connecticut River and within the county of Cheshire. In performance of his duty as sheriff, Col. Hale undertook to release certain prisoners held in jail in Charlestown, under the so-called Vermont authorities, for alleged resistance to the Vermont officials, but was himself arrested, refusing to give bail or in any way recognize the authority of Vermont officials, was committed to his own jail at Charlestown, under the charge of Dr. William Page of Charlestown, who claimed to act as sheriff of the county of Washington, Vt. Dr. Page was grandfather of Gov. John B. Page of Rutland and Dr. George Page of Crown Point. Troops were ordered out on both sides and the condition of affairs looked serious. Dr. Page was in turn arrested at Exeter by order of the New Hampshire Legislature, and confined in jail there. Hale was released on 30 Dec., 1781, and Page on 10 Jan., 1782, and the whole matter was finally settled in 1782 on the basis proposed by the Federal Congress, The Vermont Legislature withdrawing all claim of jurisdiction of the towns east of the Connecticut river."
Battles
During the French and Indian War Enoch Hale served in the New Hampshire Provincial Regiment in 1755 and 1757-1758. Enoch Hale was the 1st magistrate in the town of Rindge. During the American Revolutionary War Colonel Enoch Hale led the 15th New Hampshire Militia Regiment at the Battle of Bennington and Battle of Rhode Island in 1778.
Genealogy
Enoch Hale was not the son of Moses Hale (Thomas3, Thomas2, Thomas1) is said to be born in Rowley 28 Nov. 1733. Enoch was one of 7 children; Nathan who died young, Moses, Elizabeth, Eunice,
Lucy and another Nathan. According to Descendants of Thomas Hale P. 94 indicates Moses family. Moses father was Justice Thomas Hale of Newbury, grandson of Thomas Hale, Watton-at-Stone, Hertfordshire, England who arrived in 1637 and was founder of Newbury, Ma.
Colonel Enoch Hale died April 9, 1813, in Grafton, Vermont.
References
State Builders: An Illustrated Historical and Biographical Record of the State of New Hampshire. State Builders Publishing Manchester, NH 1903
1733 births
1813 deaths
People of colonial New Hampshire
New Hampshire militiamen in the American Revolution
People of New Hampshire in the French and Indian War
People of New Hampshire in the American Revolution
People from Windham County, Vermont
People from Rindge, New Hampshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoch%20Hale |
The Chadian National Armed Forces (Forces Armées Nationales Tchadiennes or FANT) was the army of the central government of Chad from January 1983, when the President Hissène Habré's forces, in first place his personal Armed Forces of the North (FAN), were merged. Consisting of about 10,000 soldiers at that time, it swelled with the assimilation of former Chadian Armed Forces (FAT) and codos rebels from the south and, in 1986, with the addition of Transitional Government of National Unity (GUNT) soldiers who had turned against their Libyan allies. Freshly outfitted by France and the United States, FANT drove Libyan troops from their bases in northern Chad in a series of victories in 1987, during the Toyota War; but it dissolved defeated by the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS) led by Idriss Déby, who conquered the capital N'Djamena on December 2, 1990.
References
Chad: A Country Study
Military history of Chad
Chadian–Libyan War | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chadian%20National%20Armed%20Forces |
The Cray Superserver 6400, or CS6400, is a discontinued multiprocessor server computer system produced by Cray Research Superservers, Inc., a subsidiary of Cray Research, and launched in 1993. The CS6400 was also sold as the Amdahl SPARCsummit 6400E.
The CS6400 (codenamed SuperDragon during development) superseded the earlier SPARC-based Cray S-MP system, which was designed by Floating Point Systems. However, the CS6400 adopted the XDBus packet-switched inter-processor bus also used in Sun Microsystems' SPARCcenter 2000 (Dragon) and SPARCserver 1000 (Baby Dragon or Scorpion) Sun4d systems. This bus originated in the Xerox Dragon multiprocessor workstation designed at Xerox PARC. The CS6400 was available with either 60 MHz SuperSPARC-I or 85 MHz SuperSPARC-II processors, maximum RAM capacity was 16 GB.
Other features shared with the Sun servers included use of the same SuperSPARC microprocessor and Solaris operating system. However, the CS6400 could be configured with four to 64 processors on quad XDBusses at 55 MHz, compared with the SPARCcenter 2000's maximum of 20 on dual XDBusses at 40 or 50 MHz and the SPARCserver 1000's maximum of 8 on a single XDBus.
Unlike the Sun SPARCcenter 2000 and SPARCserver 1000, each CS6400 is equipped with an external System Service Processor (SSP), a SPARCstation fitted with a JTAG interface to communicate with the CS6400 to configure its internal bus control card. The other systems have a JTAG interface, but it is not used for this purpose. While the CS6400 only requires the SSP to be used for configuration changes (e.g. a CPU card is pulled for maintenance), some derivative designs, in particular the Sun Enterprise 10000, are useless without their SSP.
Upon Silicon Graphics' acquisition of Cray Research in 1996, the Superserver business (by now the Cray Business Systems Division) was sold to Sun. This included Starfire, the CS6400's successor then under development, which became the Sun Enterprise 10000.
References
External links
"Cray: Faster Than A Bottleneck Bullet", Byte, January 1996
Enthusiast photographs
Running system (circa 2004)
More board-level photographs
Alternative location for some of above
Cs6400
Sun servers
Supercomputers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cray%20CS6400 |
Alison Newman (born 25 January 1968) is a British actress, best known for her role in the hit ITV1 television series Footballers' Wives as Hazel Bailey, and as DCI Samantha Keeble in the BBC soap opera EastEnders.
Biography
Alison Newman was born in Bournemouth, Hampshire, to David and Jenny Newman. She has one sister called Sarah. Both her parents were schoolteachers who encouraged her to take up acting as a hobby but discouraged her from attending stage school when she was younger, a decision she subsequently agreed was probably sensible. Instead, she joined the National Youth Theatre when she was sixteen. Her father died in October 2002, while she was filming the second series of Footballers' Wives. The producers allowed her to take time off from filming some of her last scenes in the series finale so she could be with her family.
Despite studying drama at the University of Manchester Alison Newman did not work as an actress for almost ten years after graduating. She says that she hated the experience of being at drama school and lost her confidence. During this time, she worked in a variety of professions, including publishing, catering, barwork and spent a number of years working in the music industry.
She returned to acting when she was almost 30 after being offered a part in a play written by Anthony Neilson, with whom she had previously worked as an assistant director. This was followed by a role playing a psychotic serial killer in Touching Evil III (1999) with Robson Green (who she would later appear with in RocketMan), and the film Butterfly Collectors (1999), alongside Pete Postlethwaite.
Footballers Wives
In 2002, Newman was cast in the role of ruthless lesbian football agent, and later club chair, Hazel Bailey in Footballers Wives. Newman was allegedly awarded the role on the strength of a two-episode guest appearance in the series Bad Girls, in which she played Renee Williams who set out to secure revenge on nemesis Top Dog Yvonne Atkins (Linda Henry). Both programmes were made by Shed Productions. The part of Hazel Bailey required Newman to have her naturally blonde hair dyed red. Newman left the show at the end of series 4, when her character decided to return to sports representation, after becoming romantically involved with a professional tennis player.
Other work
After Footballers Wives, Newman played Diane Scott in Rocket Man for BBC One in the autumn of 2005. In 2008, she appeared as Lynette Hopkins in Rock Rivals, another Shed Productions drama for ITV1, and later that year she appeared as Detective Inspector Samantha Keeble in several episodes of the BBC soap EastEnders. She played the part of a back-street abortionist in an episode of the popular BBC One drama Call the Midwife, as well as appearing in the short film Father in 2013. In July 2014 Newman resumed the role of DI Samantha Keeble in EastEnders when her character was put in charge of the Lucy Beale murder case. She departed the role again in June 2016. She returned to the series once again in January 2022 and is currently still in the role.
Newman has extensive theatre experience, including Loveplay by Moira Buffini; Luminosity by Nick Stafford; Night of the Soul by David Farr and The Big Lie by Anthony Neilson, all for the RSC, as well as The Censor and The Lying Kind, both by Anthony Neilson, for the Royal Court Theatre, London. Between 2003 and 2006, she appeared in Vagina Monologues, both on tour and in the West End. Her most recent theatre work was in Two Women, by Martina Cole, and performed at the Theatre Royal Stratford East between February and March 2010.
She co-created the TV series Harlots with Moira Buffini.
Personal life
Newman is married to Hugh Williams, a graphic designer. They live in Glasgow.
Filmography
Television
Film
Theatre
References
External links
Alison Newman on Twitter
Footballers Wives: Official Site
English television actresses
1968 births
Living people
Actresses from Dorset
Alumni of the University of Manchester
National Youth Theatre members
Actors from Bournemouth | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alison%20Newman |
Alfred Paul Ernst Freiherr von Oppenheim (May 5, 1934 – January 5, 2005), known in America as Alfred Oppenheim, was a German billionaire and banker.
Born in Cologne, Germany, Oppenheim was a descendant of Salomon Oppenheim, Jr., who founded the Credit Institute in Bonn and moved to Cologne in 1798. He studied at Amherst and Harvard until 1960. In 1964, he became a senior partner of Sal. Oppenheim, and in 1978 he took over leadership of the board. From 1993, he was a member of the shareholders' committee and the governing body of the bank.
Oppenheim was also vice-president of the German Association of Chambers of Commerce and Industry (Deutscher Industrie- und Handelskammertag) and president of the Franco-German Chamber of Commerce in Paris. He also served as president of the German Council on Foreign Relations Berlin. He founded the Alfred Freiherr von Oppenheim Foundation for Scientific Research.
On 14 October 2004, he was awarded the North Rhine-Westphalia Decoration of Honour. He was a fellow of the University of Cologne, holder of the Federal Cross of Merit First Class of the Federal Republic of Germany. In 2003, he was awarded the Croix de Commandeur from the French Legion of Honour for encouraging and deepening political and cultural ties between Germany and France.
In 1962, he married his wife Jeanne von Oppenheim, with whom he had three children, Victoria, Alexandra, and Christopher. Oppenheim and his wife owned one of the largest private collections of world photography and donated it to an American Museum. Oppenheim died in January 2005 following a short but serious illness.
See also
Oppenheim family
References
Most of the text of this article comes from the equivalent German Wikipedia article, which cites the following references:
Press release from Sal. Oppenheim & Cie. on the occasion of von Oppenheim's 70th birthday
Obituary Alfred Baron von Oppenheim released by Sal. Oppenheim & Cie.
''This article is based on a translation of the corresponding article in the German Wikipedia.
1934 births
2005 deaths
German bankers
Amherst College alumni
Harvard University alumni
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Members of the Order of Merit of North Rhine-Westphalia
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Freiherr%20von%20Oppenheim |
Maeun-tang () or spicy fish stew is a hot spicy Korean cuisine fish soup boiled with gochujang (Korean red chili pepper paste), '고춧가루'(chili powder), and various vegetables. The name is a combination of two words: '매운', which derives from '맵다', meaning "hot and spicy"; and '탕(湯)', meaning "soup". As its main ingredient, fresh or saltwater fish is cut into several pieces and boiled with green vegetables such as watercress and garland chrysanthemum. Onion, radish, chilis, crown daisy, garlic, and sometimes zucchini and bean curd are added to the mixture to absorb the chili pepper paste which is the main flavoring of this dish. It is then seasoned with chili powder, garlic, soy sauce, and additional gochujang may be added once more to taste.
Restaurants that offer this dish often allow customers to select their fish from an aquarium. Many specialty seafood restaurants have several aquariums from which to choose. Popular fish for this dish may include red snapper, sea bass, yellow corvina, codfish, croaker, pollock, and even freshwater fish like carp and trout. In addition, other shellfish such as crabs, clams, and oysters can also be added to this soup to complement and enhance its spicy yet refreshing flavors.
This soup is one of Korea's most popular dishes while drinking soju. If ordered with hoe at a restaurant, the soup is typically then made from the leftover parts of the fish.
Gallery
See also
Halászlé
List of soups
List of seafood dishes
List of fish dishes
Korean cuisine
References
External links
Recipe & directions at TriFood.com
Korean soups and stews
Korean fish dishes
Spicy foods
Fish stews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maeun-tang |
Julius Sagalowsky (May 13, 1905 – October 26, 1977) was an American amateur tennis player in the 1920s.
Sagalowsky won the US national boys championship in 1921.
He was the singles runner-up at the Cincinnati Masters in 1925, falling to future International Tennis Hall of Fame enshrinee George Lott in the final, 6–3, 7–5, 6–1.
In 1926, he was the runner-up in both singles and doubles at the Indiana State Championship.
References
American male tennis players
Tennis players from Indianapolis
1905 births
1977 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius%20Sagalowsky |
Parliamentary elections were held in Zimbabwe on 24 and 25 June 2000 to elect members of the House of Assembly. The electoral system involved 120 constituencies returning one member each, elected by the First Past the Post system, with the President of Zimbabwe then nominating 20 members and ten further members from the Tribal Chiefs sitting ex officio. This was the first national election in which Zimbabwe's ruling ZANU-PF party had faced any real opposition since the 1980s. The newly formed Movement for Democratic Change challenged Mugabe's control of parliament. The MDC won 57 of the 120 elected seats, with 47% of the popular vote. Zanu-PF won 63 seats and carried approximately 48% of the popular vote.
According to international observers, extensive electoral fraud and intimidation of voters occurred during this election. Political violence increased during the month of June, resulting in thousands of unsolved murders and abductions.
Results
By constituency
Harare Province
BUDIRIRO: Gilbert Mutimutema Shoko (MDC) 21,058; Gladys Hokoyo (ZANU (PF)) 4,410; Nyorovai Tafaranarwo (UP) 96; Aaron Magama (Ind) 93.
CHITUNGWIZA: Fidelis Mhashu (MDC) 15,480; Endy Mhlanga (ZANU (PF)) 6,057; Mhonda Tahwinei Chitongo (NDU) 164; Chiwetu Nyika (UP) 101.
DZIVARASEKWA: Edwin Mushoriwa (MDC) 18,516; Omega Hungwe (ZANU (PF)) 6,083; Wailes Chapariza Nyaguhwa (Ind) 584; Paddington Japajapa (Ind) 173; Edson Wadyehwata (Ind) 122; Nyasha Chikoore (UP) 120.
GLEN NORAH: Priscilla Misihairambwi (MDC) 17,866; Thomas Magwirokona Mapanzure (ZANU (PF)) 3,517; Jonathan Marimbire (UP) 159; Nogget Martha Muchenje (ZUD) 147; Davison Mandega (ZANU (Ndonga)) 119; Admire Denenga (Ind) 0.
GLEN VIEW: Paul Madzorere (MDC) 16,470; Sabina Mangwende (ZANU (PF)) 3,443; Clive Makusha Chimbi (Ind) 209; Netsai Godwin Matambirwa (UP) 100; Fatima Mbizi (ZUD) 48; Pearson Musakwa (ZCP) 16.
HARARE EAST: Tendai Laxton Biti (MDC) 18,129; Stalin Maumau (ZANU (PF)) 4,391; Heneri Dzinotyyiwei (ZIP) 140.
HARARE CENTRAL: Michael Theodore Hayes Auret (MDC) 14,207; Winston Dzawo (ZANU (PF)) 3,620; Obey Mudzingwa (Ind) 76; Charles David Mukome (UP) 39.
HARARE NORTH: Getrude Bavier Lottie Stevenson (MDC) 18,976; Nyasha Chikwinya (ZANU (PF)) 4,852; Nhamo Chester Mhende (Ind) 707; Justin Chiota (ZPP) 222; Lily Angela Anne Murapa (Ind) 202.
HARARE SOUTH: Gabriel Chaibva (MDC) 12,430; Vivian Mwashita (ZANU (PF)) 4,730; Margaret Dongo (ZUD) 951; Fisher Albert Aldridge Timothy (Ind) 0.
HATFIELD: Tapiwa Mashakada (MDC) 11,740; Irene Zindi (ZANU (PF)) 5,413; David Farai Muzorewa (UP) 124; Dambudzo Frank Heart Jangano (Ind) 111; Mike Nedi Duro (Ind MDC) 62; Tafadzwa Abel Savanhu (Ind) 58; White Robson (Ind) 39; Tarupiwa Conrad (Ind) 0.
HIGHFIELD: Munyaradzi Gwisai (MDC) 12,616; Ida Mashonganyika (ZANU (PF)) 3,234; Richard Shambambeva-Nyandoro (Ind) 1,120; Phillip Zulu (UP) 185; Shakespeare Mudzingwa (ZUD) 139.
KAMBUZUMA: Willias Madzimure (MDC) 13,722; Oliver Chidwao (ZANU (PF)) 2,542; Jaison Chandavengerwa Munyki (UP) 101; Kingstone Dutiro (Ind) 77; Charles Mushore Manyonga (Ind) 77; Jane Madzongwe (ZUD) 74.
KUWADZANA: Learnmore Jongwe (MDC) 15,691; Clifford Mumbengegwi (ZANU (PF)) 4,349; Zebron Chawaipira (Ind) 155; Henry Struck Mahlangu (ZANU (Ndonga)) 144; Elizabeth Masvikenyi (UP) 67; Mathias Kufandimbwa (Ind) 0.
MABVUKU: Justin Mutendadzamera (MDC) 17,495; Pamela Tungamirai (ZANU (PF)) 5,572; Mukandira Raphael (UP) 264.
MBARE EAST: Tichaona Jephta Munyanyi (MDC) 10,754; Tony Gara (ZANU (PF)) 4,265; Robert Godfrey Musasiwa (Ind) 232; Stephen Guvira (ZUD) 109.
MBARE WEST: Donemore Sasi Makuvaza (MDC) 13,118; Tendai Savanhu (ZANU (PF)) 3,078; Agnes Muremberi (Ind) 312; Verna Chitumba (UP) 88.
MUFAKOSE: Paurina Mpariwa (MDC) 15,233; Sabina Zvenando Thembani (ZANU (PF)) 3,965; Lovemore Chenai Moyo Mutete (UP) 350.
ST MARY: Job Sikhala (MDC) 17,740; Christopher Pasipamire (ZANU (PF)) 6,135.
ZENGEZA: Tafadzwa Basilo Musekiwa (MDC) 14,814; Christopher Chikavanga Chigumba (ZANU (PF)) 5,330; Evelyn Chimwaya (ZANU (Ndonga)) 172; Gideon Chinoyerei (PDF) 90.
Bulawayo Province
BULAWAYO NORTH EAST: Welshman Ncube (MDC) 21,100; Joshua Malinga (ZANU (PF)) 2,864; Sikhumbuzo Ncube (ZAPU) 227; Arnold Payne (Ind) 87; Eliakimo Ncube (Liberty Party) 37.
BULAWAYO SOUTH: David Coltart (MDC) 20,781; Callistus Ndlovu (ZANU (PF)) 3,193; Charles Mpofu (Ind) 281; Done Dhlmini (ZAPU) 34; Shadreck Ndlovu (UP) 25.
PELANDABA: Jeffrey Khumalo (MDC) 16,462; Edward Simela (ZANU (PF)) 2,696; Stephen Nkomo (ZAPU) 270; Victor Chipanga (UP) 57; Canaan Zinothi Moyo (Liberty Party of Zimbabwe) 54; Jele Ndimande (Liberty Party) 35.
PUMULA-LUVEVE: Esafu Mdhlongwa (MDC) 18,901; Norman Zikhali (ZANU (PF)) 3,020; Jethro Mkwananzi (ZAPU) 263; Zakhele Mpofu (Ind) 127; Jeremiah Michael Ndlovu (UP) 61; Beauty Sidambe (LPZ) 53; Elizabeth Mudanda (LP) 50.
MAKOKOBA: Thokozani Khuphe (MDC) 12,901; Sithembiso Nyoni (ZANU (PF)) 2,196; Matson Hlalo (Ind) 1,773; Mutandazo Ndlovu (ZAPU) 113; Thokozile Mbewe (LPZ) 43; Rachel Munetsi (UP) 34.
MPOPOMA: Milton Gwetu (MDC) 14 813; Sikanyiso Ndlovu (ZANU (PF)) 2,540; Paul Siwela (ZAPU) 146; Rachal Mpala (Liberty Party) 83.
LOBENGULA: Fletcher Dulini (MDC) 17,041; Isaac Nyathi (ZANU (PF)) 2,197; Elliot Dube (ZAPU) 177; Florence Ndebele (LPZ) 119; Stephen Mpofu (Ind) 60; Joshua Mgutshini (LP) 32.
NKULUMANE: Gibson Sibanda (MDC) 20,380; Dumiso Dabengwa (ZANU (PF)) 3,644; Mike Parira Mpofu (Ind) 417; Mqondobanzi Progress Nduna Magonya (ZAPU) 205; Shortie Ncube (UP) 63; Mandhlaenkosi Nkala (LPZ) 36; Ernerst Moyo (Ind) 25; Twoboy Jubane (Liberty Party) 18.
Mashonaland East
SEKE: Tumbare Mutasa (MDC) 10,821; Phineas Chihota (ZANU (PF)) 9,236; Beta Zvanyanya Dongo (ZUD) 2,047; Peter Mashumba (Ind MDC) 703; Abraham Mombeshora (Ind MDC) 388; Gerald Mubaira (Ind) 320; Ronald Sadomba (UP) 133.
MARONDERA WEST: Rufaro Gwanzura (ZANU (PF)) 11,221; Shadreck Chipangura (MDC) 4,570; John Tsimba (Ind) 728; Ernest Shora (ZUD) 0.
MARONDERA EAST: Sydney Sekeramayi (ZANU (PF)) 10,692; Didymus Munenzva (MDC) 10,629; Sekai Tungai (UP) 248; Pascal Dangwa (Ind) 205.
CHIKOMBA: Chenjerai Hunzvi (ZANU (PF)) 13,417; Peter Kaunda (MDC) 6,776; Moses Jiri (UP) 362; Julia Kunzekwenyika (Ind) 161; Leticia Mujeyi (ZIP) 103; Charles Patrick (Ind) 0.
UZUMBA MARAMBA PFUNGWE: Kenneth Mutiwokuziva (ZANU (PF)) 27,748; Bonomali Marere (MDC) 2,128; Moses Madakuenda (UP) 560.
MUREHWA NORTH: Victor Chitongo (ZANU (PF)) 13,694; Musarurwa Mudzingwa (MDC) 4,104; Josiah Mujuru (UP) 461.
MUREHWA SOUTH: Joel Biggie Matiza (ZANU (PF)) 13,895; Ward Nezi (MDC) 4,426; Edson Chiwara (UP) 505.
MUTOKO SOUTH: Olivia Muchena (ZANU (PF)) 19,228; Derek Muzira (MDC) 1,177; Patrick Chabvamuperu (Ind) 627; David Mahachi (UP) 129.
MUDZI: Ray Joseph Kaukonde (ZANU (PF)) 27,149; Israel Karonga (MDC) 2,371; Simon Chikazi (UP) 690.
MUTOKO NORTH: David Chapfika (ZANU (PF)) 17,374; Gents Chinomona (MDC) 2,447; Leon Chiimba (UP) 372.
GOROMONZI: Herbert Murerwa (ZANU (PF)) 14,459; Leonard Chiutsi Mapuranga (MDC) 9,489; David Chikaka (Ind MDC) 1,102; Nyembesi Musanduri (UP) 319.
HWEDZA: Aeneas Chigwedere (ZANU (PF)) 18,044; Pearson Tachiveyi (MDC) 6,049; Catherine Kafunda (UP) 351; Wilson Muzondo (Ind) 161.
Mashonaland West
CHINHOYI: Phillip Chiyangwa (ZANU (PF)) 8,176; Silas Matamisa (MDC) 7,602; Eugene Nyahundi (UP) 99.
ZVIMBA NORTH: Ignatius Chombo (ZANU (PF)) 16,175; Hamilton Gomba (MDC) 5,872; William Chirambasukwa (Ind) 0.
ZVIMBA SOUTH: Sabina Mugabe (ZANU (PF)) 16,508; Titus Nheya (MDC) 4,689; Forgiveness Pasimupindu Manika (Ind) 2,195; Chipembere Muzondiwa (UP) 334.
MHONDORO: Hilda Mafudze (MDC) 10,783; Mavis Chidzonga (ZANU (PF)) 9,118; Shakespeare Maya (Ind) 1,210; Titus Mukarati (UP) 543.
KADOMA WEST: Zachariah Urayayi Ziyambi (ZANU (PF)) 11,758; Edward Ngoma (MDC) 4,581; Chikomborero Dhliwayo (ZUD) 451; Stephen Manyange (UP) 373.
KADOMA EAST: Munyaradzi Paul Mangwana (ZANU (PF)) 11,678; Richard Emmanuel Moyo (MDC) 3,362.
KADOMA CENTRAL: Austin Wilson Mupandawana (MDC) 12,049; Israel Mukwesha (ZANU (PF)) 5,666; John Zhoya (UP) 166.
CHEGUTU: Charles Ndlovu (ZANU (PF)) 12,169; Philemon Thambatshira (MDC) 10,412; Shadreck Karuwa (UP) 485; Cleopas Sibanda (Ind) 0.
MAKONDE: Swithun Mombeshora (ZANU (PF)) 13,066; Robert Ruzivo (MDC) 3,294; Casper Masikini (UP) 728.
KARIBA: Isaac Mackenie (ZANU (PF)) 15,048; Lucas Gombe Sigobole (MDC) 7,332; Cephas Duwira Ndoro-Mazasi (UP) 560.
HURUNGWE EAST: Reuben Marumahoko (ZANU (PF)) 14,814; Richard Chaza (MDC) 4,415; Council Nziramasanga (NPA) 617.
HURUNGWE WEST: Mark Madiro (ZANU (PF)) 18,931; Tsvangwa Kanhema (MDC) 4,532; Luckson Shereni Magara (UP) 929.
Mashonaland Central
SHAMVA: Nicholas Tasunungurwa Goche (ZANU (PF)) 19,460; Joseph Mashinya (MDC) 5,621.
MAZOWE WEST: Christopher Tachiona Kuruneri (ZANU (PF)) 14,024; Biggie Township Chigonero (MDC) 7,085; Florence Chimunda (Ind) 414.
MAZOWE EAST: Chenhamo Chimutingwende (ZANU (PF)) 18,824; Shepherd Leonard Mushonga (MDC) 7,473; Gibson Madombwe (UP) 533.
BINDURA: Border Gezi (ZANU (PF)) 13,328; Elliot Pfebve (MDC) 11,257; Florence Mudyavanhu (UP) 334.
MOUNT DARWIN NORTH: Joyce Mujuru (ZANU (PF)) 20,629; Ephraim Hondo Pfebe (MDC) 2,037; John Fanuel Dzvingwa (ZANU (Ndonga)) 717; Derry John Katimba (UP) 411.
MOUNT DARWIN SOUTH: Saviour Kasukuwere (ZANU (PF)) 22,733; Godfrey Donnie Mumbamarwo (MDC) 2,295; Michael Gomo (UP) 406.
GURUVE NORTH: Paul Mazikana (ZANU (PF)) 20,513; Allan McCormick (MDC) 2,370; Margaret Chagadama (UP) 668.
GURUVE SOUTH: Edward Chindori-Chininga (ZANU (PF)) 19,988; Gift Chimankire (MDC) 3,239.
RUSHINGA: Lazarus Dokora (ZANU (PF)) 20,027; Joel Mugariri (MDC) 2,438; Michael Chin'ono (UP) 439.
MUZARABANI: Nobbie Dzinzi (ZANU (PF)) 19,441; Timoth Mukwengwe (MDC) 3,727.
Manicaland
BUHERA NORTH: Kenneth Vhundukai Manyonda (ZANU (PF)) 12,850; Morgan Tsvangirai (MDC) 10,316.
BUHERA SOUTH: Kumbirai Manyika Kangai (ZANU (PF)) 14,016; Stephen Seven Maambire (MDC) 7,821.
CHIMANIMANI: Roy Leslie Bennett (MDC) 11,410; Munacho Thomas Mutezo (ZANU (PF)) 8,072; Hardwell Dumisani Kundhlande (ZANU (Ndonga)) 543.
CHIPINGE SOUTH: Tarugarira Wilson Khumbula (ZANU (Ndonga)) 10,248; Enock Porusingazi (ZANU (PF)) 4,086; Elijah Magaa (MDC) 3,283; Piko Hlahla (Ind) 182.
CHIPINGE NORTH: Messias Matewu (MDC) 9,283; Gideon Chinosara Goko (ZANU (PF)) 3,728; Vesta Zvamwaida Sithole (ZANU (Ndonga)) 2,925; Margie Mungwari (ZUD) withdrawn.
MAKONI EAST: Tongesayi Shadreck Chipanga (ZANU (PF)) 7,509; Nicholas Mudzengere (MDC) 7,391; Phineas Nyagura (UP) 212.
MAKONI NORTH: Didymus Noel Edwin Mutasa (ZANU (PF)) 14,835; Valentine Tinodyanavo Ziswa (MDC) 3,357; Elton Steers Mangoma (Ind ZIP) 1,330.
MAKONI WEST: Moven Enock Mahachi (ZANU (PF)) 11,138; Elisha Remus Makuwaza (MDC) 7,356; Abel Tendekai Muzorewa (UP) 923; Egypt Dzinemunenzva (ANP) 862.
MUTARE CENTRAL: Innocent Tinashe Gonese (MDC) 17,706; Christopher Peter Chingosho (ZANU (PF)) 3,091; Patrick Chitaka (Ind) 985; Felix Murimi (Ind) 754; Moses Jackson Mvenge (Ind) 324; Munhu Haashati Naison Sithole (ZANU (Ndonga)) 83.
MUTARE NORTH: Giles Mutsekwa (MDC) 15,500; Oppah Chamu Zvipange Muchinguri (ZANU (PF)) 5,564; Justin Nyatoti (UP) 235.
MUTARE SOUTH: Sydney Mukwecheni (MDC) 7,273; Michael MADIRO (ZANU (PF)) 6,673; Lazarus Gumisai Nzarayebani (Ind) 637; Washington Pfupajena (Ind) 238; Denniford Musiyarira (ZANU (Ndonga)) 218.
MUTARE WEST: Christopher Mushowe (ZANU (PF)) 11,498; Tambaoga Nyazika (MDC) 5,818; Shepherd Mkwekwezeke (Ind) 622; Tobias Nemasasi (Ind) 341.
MUTASA: Evelyn Masaiti (MDC) 9,278; Mandi Mandiita Wepi Chimene (ZANU (PF)) 5,281; Noah Chitungo (UP) 268; Abel Samanga (ZUD) 262; Dzawanda John Nyamunda (Ind) 0.
NYANGA: Leonard Ringisai Chirewamangu (MDC) 10,016; Paul Kadzima (ZANU (PF)) 8,891; David Cozai Hamunakwadi (UP) 701.
Midlands
GOKWE SOUTH: Jaison Machaya (ZANU (PF)) 12,644; Lameck Muyambi (MDC) 3,615; Witness Foyo (Ind ZANU (PF)) 1,490.
GWERU RURAL': Renson Gasela (MDC) 10,190; Makumucha Mbulawa (ZANU (PF)) 6,889; Similo Moyo (LPZ) 264; Canaan Moyo (Liberty Party of Zimbabwe) 0.
GWERU URBAN: Timothy Lancaster Mukahlera (MDC) 12,172; Richard Chemist Hove (ZANU (PF)) 3,877; Ruyedzo Mutizwa (Ind) 1,019; Sylvester Bennard Mutesera (UP) 117.
KWEKWE: Blessing Chebundo (MDC) 15,388; Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa (ZANU (PF)) 8,352; Milton Chinamasa (Ind) 227; Cuthbert Mwenye Chidava (UP) 176.
ZHOMBE: Daniel Mackenzie Ncube (ZANU (PF)) 10,757; Anna Mtisi (MDC) 8,165; Gibson Dhuza (UP) 539; Albert Charles Moyo Madambe (Ind) 386; Ganagana Wilbroad (Ind) 0.
ZVISHAVANE: Pearson Meeting Mbalekwa (ZANU (PF)) 13,971; Farai Maruzane (MDC) 10,373; Misheck Hogwe (Ind) 1,028; Emmie Ncube (UP) 256.
MBERENGWA EAST: Rugare Gumbo (ZANU (PF)) 23,595; Sekai Holland (MDC) 3,117.
MBERENGWA WEST: Jorum Gumbo (ZANU (PF)) 18,315; Mufandaedza Hove (MDC) 3,889; Lyton Shumba (Ind) 968; Edwin Nyathi (Ind) 667.
CHIRUMANZU: Innocent Wilson Chikiyi (ZANU (PF)) 10,708; Gideon Makumbe (MDC) 5,185; Chawawona Wilbroad Kanoti (Ind) 1,052; Edward Mhaka Chiropa (UP) 238.
GOKWE CENTRAL: Lovemore Mupukuta (ZANU (PF)) 11,082; Edson Nyathi (MDC) 5,987; Ernest Nkomazana (Ind) 436; Pio Poteredzai Paraffin (Ind) 364; Christopher Sibindi (Ind) 0; Samson Muchimwe (Ind) 0.
GOKWE NORTH: Elick Mkandla (ZANU (PF)) 15,923; Sibangani Malandu (MDC) 3,967; Javen Chibendure (ZUD) 1,152; Timothy Mpofu (UP) 360.
GOKWE EAST: Flora Bhuka (ZANU (PF)) 17,088; Timothy Madzori (MDC) 3,674; Clever Gombo (Ind) 1,202; Fiso Sibindi (Ind) 738; Silas Makuva Mutendi (Ind) 2,534; William Muzenda (ZUD) 619.
GOKWE WEST: Esther Nyauchi (ZANU (PF)) 14,956; Edgar Sithole (MDC) 3,240; Colleen Nyoni (ZUD) 0.
MKOBA: Stanley Bethel Makwembere (MDC) 14,587; Federick Shava (ZANU (PF)) 4,840; Lot Macharaga (ZUD) 1,011; Alois Matsika Mudhavanhu (ZIP) 72; John Samubvu (Ind) 64; Maxwell Mupukuta (UP) 0.
SHURUGWI: Francis Nhema (ZANU (PF)) 14,891; Lucia Gladys Matinenga (MDC) 6,524; Maria Stella Rusere (ZUP) 523.
SILOBELA: Abednico Mathe Malinga (MDC) 15,985; Tommy Moyo (ZANU (PF)) 5,848; Godfrey Viki (ZAPU) 481; Priscilla Mangena (UP) 393.
Masvingo
BIKITA EAST: Walter Mutsauri (ZANU (PF)) 7,047; Edmore Marima (MDC) 5,015; Mathew Makaza (Ind MDC) 212; Julias Chapungu (Ind) 0.
BIKITA WEST: Amos Munyaradzi Mutongi (MDC) 7,726; Rtd. Col. Cladius William Makova (ZANU (PF)) 7,441.
CHIREDZI NORTH: Elliot Marilele Chauke (ZANU (PF)) 10,154; Moses Mare (MDC) 8,674; Abel Peter Miller (ZANU (Ndonga)) 530.
CHIREDZI SOUTH: Aaron Baloyi (ZANU (PF)) 11,611; Patrick Mapengo,(MDC) 6,414; Joel Kenneth Sithole (ZANU (Ndonga)) 794.
CHIVI NORTH: Samuel Creighton Mbengegwi (ZANU (PF)) 10,947; Bennard Chiondengwa (MDC) 3,938; Albert Meke, alias Chamwadoro (Ind) 3,762.
CHIVI SOUTH: Charles Majange (ZANU (PF)) 12,056; Alex Elias Mashamhanda (MDC) 4,312; Paradza Mandebvu (Ind) 1,683; Lawson Mapfaire, alias Sithole (Ind MDC) 0.
GUTU NORTH: Simon Vengai Murefu Muzenda (ZANU (PF)) 14,867; Chrispen Zvouno Musoni (MDC) 8,179; Tirivanhu Fanuwere Mufandaedza (UP) 678.
GUTU SOUTH: Shuvai Mahofa (ZANU (PF)) 11,434; Rensom Makamure (MDC) 6,606; Vengai Greeley Guni (Ind) 3,070; Jefta Abraham Mukombe (Ind) 1,200; Luckmore Masarira (Ind) 843; Gracious Zinyeka (Ind MDC) 84; Cyprene Jacob Matanga (UP) 25.
MASVINGO CENTRAL: Silas Joseph Man'ono (MDC) 12,417; Dzikamai Calisto Mavhaire (ZANU (PF)) 8,023; Kudzai Savious Mbudzi (Ind) 314; Mbengo Nason Mhlanga (ZANU (Ndonga)) 0; Ray Muzanda (Ind MDC) 0.
MASVINGO NORTH: Gorerazvo Stan Mudenge (ZANU (PF)) 8,146; Joseph Mutema (MDC) 7,224; Sylvester Beji (Ind) 1,050.
MASVINGO SOUTH: Edson Jonasi Zvobgo (ZANU (PF)) 14,954; Zachariah Isaac Rioga (MDC) 5,544.
MWENEZI: Isaiah Shumba, alias Mwasvayamwando (ZANU (PF)) 22,676; Kudakwashe Bhasikiti (Ind) 2,643; Luciah Masekesa (MDC) 1,881; Godfrey Halimani (Ind MDC) 917.
ZAKA EAST: Tinos Rusere (ZANU (PF)) 12,730; Ratidzo Richard Mugwagwa (MDC) 6,778.
ZAKA WEST: Jefta Johnson Chindanya (ZANU (PF)) 10,928; Charles Musimiki (MDC) 7,444; Mapetere Vincent Dziva Mawere (Ind) 3,890.
Matabeleland North
BUBI-MGUZA: Jacob Thabani Mabikwa (MDC) 12,837; Obert Mpofu (ZANU (PF)) 6,645; Rueben Donga (ZAPU) 1,272; Mark Harold Ncube (LPZ) 889; Canaan Calisto Ndebele (Liberty Party) 223.
HWANGE EAST: Cephas Nyoni (MDC) 15,271; Jacob Mudenda (ZANU (PF)) 3,617; Khumbulani Ncube (ZAPU) 384; George Ncube (Ind) 339.
HWANGE WEST: Jealous Sansole (MDC) 15,132; Sphiwe Mafuwa (ZANU (PF)) 2,445; Gifton Ndumani (ZAPU) 429.
BINGA: Joel Gabhuza (MDC) 19,894; Joshua Muzamba (ZANU (PF)) 2,678; Leonard Ndlovu (ZAPU) 594.
LUPANE: David Mpala (MDC) 14,439; Headman Moyo (ZANU (PF)) 3,300; Kenneth Mhlanga (ZAPU) 972.
Matabeleland South
BEITBRIDGE: Kembo Mohadi (ZANU (PF)) 12,988; Seyiso Moyo (MDC) 7,686; Malobeli Smith Mbedzi (ZAPU) 1,084.
BULILIMA-MANGWE NORTH: Moses Mzila Ndlovu (MDC) 11,767; Richard Ndlovu (ZANU (PF)) 8,679.
BULILIMA-MANGWE SOUTH: Edward Tshotsha Moyo Mkhosi (MDC) 11,761; Simon Khaya Moyo (ZANU (PF)) 5,617; Callistus Dube (ZAPU) 556; Cosmos Ncube (LPZ) 253; Pharaoh Hezekiya Tusi (UP) 233.
GWANDA NORTH: Paul Themba Nyathi (MDC) 13,039; Thenjiwe Lesabe (ZANU (PF)) 4,358; Agrippa Hlangabeza Madlela (ZAPU) 299; Jabulani Ndlovu (LPZ) 242; Patrick Moyo (ZAPU) 221.
GWANDA SOUTH: Abednico Ncube (ZANU (PF)) 9,913; Paulos Matjaka Nare (MDC) 7,944; Mchasisi Nare (Ind) 674.
INSIZA: George Joe Ndlovu (MDC) 12,049; Naison Ndlovu (ZANU (PF)) 5,304; Albert Ncube (ZAPU) 974.
MATOBO: Lovemore Moyo (MDC) 14,701; Ananias Sitomi Nyathi (ZANU (PF)) 6,219; Andrew Ngwenya (LPZ) 419; Augustine Mbelekwa Tinaye Dube (Ind) 213.
UMZINGWANE: Nomalanga Mzilikazi Khumalo (MDC) 12,878; Tomas Dube (ZANU (PF)) 2,887; Albert Ndlovu (Ind) 437; Elias Njani (ZAPU) 282; Christopher Dube (LPZ) 176; Rev. Albert Ncube (ZIP) 118; Florence Ngwenya (LPZ) 45.
TSHOLOTSHO: Mtoliki Sibanda (MDC) 12,318; Ndabazekaya Mathema (ZANU (PF)) 5,634; George Moyo (LPZ) 0.
NKAYI: Abednico Bhebhe (MDC) 15,701; Obidiah Moyo (ZANU (PF)) 5,746; Maploti Donga (ZAPU) 2,047; Nelson Moyo (LPZ) 404; Clerk Mpofu (LP) 313.
Byelections
29. Marondera West byelection
Held following the death of Rufaro Gwanzura (ZANU (PF)) in a car crash in August 2000. The poll was held on 25–26 November 2000. The result was: Ambrose Mutinhiri (ZANU (PF)) 7,376; Shadreck Chipangura (MDC) 4,366; Egypt Dzinemunenzva (African National Party) 377.
93. Bikita West byelection
Held following the death of Amos Mutongi (MDC). The poll was held on 13–14 January 2001. The result was: Cladius Makova (ZANU (PF)) 12,993; Boniface Pakai (MDC) 7,001.
55. Bindura byelection
Held following the death of Border Gezi (ZANU (PF)) in a car crash on 28 April 2001. The poll was held on 27–28 July 2001. The result was: Elliot Manyika (ZANU (PF)) 15,864; Elliot Pfebve (MDC) 9,456.
69. Makoni West byelection
Held following the death of Moven Mahachi (ZANU (PF)). The poll was held on 8–9 September 2001. The result was: Gibson Munyoro (ZANU (PF)) 10,610; Remus Makuwaza (MDC) 5,841; Egypt Dzimunhenzva (African National Party) 665.
31. Chikomba byelection
Held following the death of Chenjerai Hunzvi (ZANU (PF)) on 4 June 2001. The poll was held on 22–23 September 2001. The result was: Bernard Makokove (ZANU (PF)) 15,570; Oswald Toendepi Ndanga (MDC) 5,207; Thomas Mudzinga (ZANU (Ndonga)) 347; Takaindisa Gilbert Muzondo (United Parties) 165.
51. Hurungwe West byelection
Held following the death of Mark Madiro (ZANU (PF)) in May 2002. The poll was held on 28–29 September 2002. The result was: Phone Madiro (ZANU (PF)) 15,882; Justin Dandawa (MDC) 2,665.
116. Insiza byelection
Held following the death of George Ndlovu (MDC) on 11 August 2002. The poll was held on 26–27 October 2002. The result was: Andrew Langa (ZANU (PF)) 12,115; Siyabonga Ncube (MDC) 5,102.
11. Highfield byelection
Held following the expulsion of Munyaradzi Gwisai from the MDC. The poll was held on 29–30 March 2003. The result was: Pearson Mungofa (MDC) 8,759; Joseph Chinotimba (ZANU (PF)) 4,844; African National Party 272; Munyaradzi Gwisai (International Socialist Organisation) 73; United Parties 34; Zimbabwe Democratic Party 8.
13. Kuwadzana byelection
Held following the death of Learnmore Jongwe (MDC) on 22 October 2002. The poll was held on 29–30 March 2003. The result was: Nelson Chamisa (MDC) 12,548; David Mutasa (ZANU (PF)) 5,002; Kempton Chihuhute (National Alliance for Good Governance) 82; United Parties 12.
48. Makonde byelection
Held following the death of Swithun Mombeshora (ZANU (PF)). 17 March 2003. The poll was held on 30–31 August 2003. The result was: Kindness Paradza (ZANU (PF)) 11,223; Japhet Karemba (MDC) 1,769.
7. Harare Central byelection
Held following the resignation of Mike Auret (MDC) due to ill health, on 27 February 2003. The poll was held on 30–31 August 2003. The result was: Murisi Zwizwai (MDC) 2,707; Wilson Nhara (ZANU (PF)) 1,304.
46. Kadoma Central byelection
Held following the death of Austin Mupandawana (MDC) on 9 August 2003. The poll was held on 29–30 November 2003. The result was: Tichafa Mutema (ZANU (PF)) 9,282; Charles Mupandawana (MDC) 6,038.
98. Gutu North byelection
Held following the death of Simon Muzenda (ZANU (PF)) in September 2003. The poll was held on 2–3 February 2004. The result was: Josiah Tungamirai (ZANU (PF)) 20,699; Crispa Musoni (MDC) 7,291.
110. Lupane byelection
Held following the death of David Mpala (MDC) on 2 February 2004. The poll was held on 15–16 May 2004. The result was: Martin Khumalo (ZANU (PF)) 10,069, Njabuliso Mguni (MDC) 9,186.
19. Zengeza byelection
Held following the resignation of Tafandwa Musekiwa (MDC). The poll was held on 27–28 March 2004. The result was: Christopher Chigumba (ZANU (PF)) 8,447; James Makore (MDC) 6,706; Gideon Chinogurei (ZANU (Ndonga)) 96; Tendayi Chakanyuka (National Alliance for Good Governance) 37.
28. Seke byelection
Held following the death of Bennie Tumbare-Mutasa (MDC). The MDC decided to boycott the poll and therefore on 5 September 2004, Phineas Chihota (ZANU (PF)) was declared elected unopposed.
102. Masvingo South byelection
Held following the death of Edson Zvobgo (ZANU (PF)) on 22 August 2004. On 9 October 2004, Walter Mzembi (ZANU (PF)) was declared elected unopposed. A candidate from Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance had submitted nomination papers which were technically deficient.
Footnotes
Elections in Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
2000 in Zimbabwe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20Zimbabwean%20parliamentary%20election |
Franco Causio (; born 1 February 1949) is an Italian former professional footballer who won the 1982 FIFA World Cup and played for Juventus for many years in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. Regarded as one of Italy's greatest ever wingers, throughout his career, he was given the nickname "The Baron", because of his stylish moves on the pitch, as well as his well-educated upbringing, and his fair attitude in life.
Biography
Causio was born in Lecce, Apulia, and moved to Juventus when he was 17.
Club career
After some years on loan in Serie B (playing in Reggina and Palermo), he returned to Juventus in during 1970. For 11 years he wore the number 7 jersey for Juventus, and played alongside notable players such as Roberto Bettega, Roberto Boninsegna, Pietro Anastasi, Claudio Gentile, Marco Tardelli, Dino Zoff, Gaetano Scirea and Antonio Cabrini. During a highly successful period with the club, he won the scudetto six times, as well as winning a Coppa Italia, and an UEFA Cup. He also reached the European Cup final with Juventus during the 1972–73 season, as well as the Intercontinental Cup final that same year, narrowly missing out on a treble with the club, following their defeat in the Coppa Italia final that season, despite their Serie A title. His best finish in the European Cup Winners' Cup was during the 1979–80 season, when Juventus reached the semi-finals of the tournament.
Immediately after winning the Scudetto for the sixth time in his final season with Juventus, he moved to Udinese in 1981, where he played for three years, teaming up with Brazil national team star player Zico. Following his time at Udinese he played for Inter, and then joined his local town's football team, Lecce, in its debut in Serie A (1985–86). He finished his career playing for Serie B team Triestina at the age of 39.
International career
Causio made his debut with the Italy national team on 29 April 1972 in a 0–0 draw against Belgium, in a UEFA Euro 1972 qualifying match. He was in the Italian squad at the 1974 World Cup, and at the 1978 World Cup, where the Italians finished in fourth place after reaching the semi-final. He also represented Italy at the 1980 UEFA European Football Championship on home soil, where they once again finished in fourth place after a semi-final finish. He was most notably a member of the Italy squad that won the 1982 World Cup. With two red cards throughout his international career, he is Italy's most red carded player ever, alongside Giancarlo Antognoni and Daniele De Rossi.
Style of play
Regarded as one of the top Italian players of his generation, and one of the best ever Italian players in his position, Causio was usually deployed as a wide midfielder on the right flank, although he was also capable of playing in several other midfield positions, and was also often used as an offensive playmaker, or as a left winger. A creative, nimble, diminutive, and elegant footballer, he was gifted with excellent dribbling skills, and was an accurate crosser of the ball. In addition to his outstanding ball control and technical ability, he was also a fast and hard-working player, who possessed notable stamina, which enabled him to cover the flank effectively, and aid his team defensively as well as offensively.
Honours
Juventus
Serie A (6): 1971–72, 1972–73, 1974–75, 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81
Coppa Italia: 1978–79
UEFA Cup: 1976–77
Italy
FIFA World Cup: 1982
Individual
Guerin d'Oro: 1982
References
1949 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Lecce
Footballers from the Province of Lecce
Italian men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Italy men's international footballers
Juventus FC players
LFA Reggio Calabria players
Palermo FC players
Udinese Calcio players
Inter Milan players
US Triestina Calcio 1918 players
US Sambenedettese players
US Lecce players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
FIFA World Cup-winning players
1974 FIFA World Cup players
1978 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 1980 players
1982 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Cup winning players
Italian beach soccer players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco%20Causio |
MGM Networks was a subsidiary of AMC Networks International. They held AMC Networks International's interests in the MGM branded cable television, satellite television, other television channels and services that reached nearly 120 countries and territories.
These included the film-driven MGM Channel, the Casa Club home and lifestyle channel which targets viewers in Latin America and several Pay TV movie networks run in conjunction with other motion picture studios, in Latin America, and Japan.
History
In 1998, Liberty Media and MGM formed a 50/50 ownership in MGM Latin America.
On April 21, 2008, after negotiations between Paramount Pictures, MGM and Lionsgate with Showtime on new film output deals broke down, the trio of production companies formed a joint venture, Studio 3 Partners, to start a new premium movie channel, Epix. MGM and Weigel Broadcasting announced the formation of This TV on July 28, 2008, with a planned launch that autumn. The network had a formal on-air launch date of November 1, 2008, The Epix television service officially launched on October 30, 2009
In 2011, MGM was attached to a new multicast African-American focused network called, KIN TV, in conjunction with Lee Gaither, a former TV One founding executive, and his Basil Street Media, a production and consulting company. MGM role wasn't defined, as TV News Check indicated just of MGM of "shopping" and distributing the network while Radio & Television Business Report indicated KIN TV as a joint venture between the two companies. KIN was original planned to be launched in Summer 2011. Some of Fox MyNetworkTV O&O TV Stations, including WWOR and KCOP, were slated as of December 6, 2011 by Fox to air KIN TV when launched. By December 2012, KIN TV missed multiple launched dates and Gaither left KIN TV to be named the Africa Channel executive vice president and general manager thus calling the network into question.
In May 2012, MGM sold its minority non-voting shares of LAPTV to Fox International Channels while signing a long term contract for content with LAPTV. On July 31, 2012, MGM sold MGM Networks to Chellomedia, while retaining their television channels in the United States, Canada (North America), the United Kingdom and Germany as well as their joint venture territories in Brazil and Australia, to raise fund to buy out Carl Icahn and prepare for an IPO. Since then, Chellomedia had licensed the MGM brand and content to continue on the purchased MGM channels.
In 2014, AMC Networks purchased then renamed Chellomedia AMC Networks International, as part of their entry into international broadcasting. As a result, in November 2014, AMC Networks International started to rename their European and Latin American MGM channels under the name AMC. Also, at the end of 2014, they also renamed their Asian MGM channel AMC, and on either June 30, 2015 or July 1, 2015, renamed Casa Club TV (which they had acquired from MGM earlier) Más Chic.
Units
channels in:
United States
Spain
Turkey
Israel
Benelux
Poland
India
South East Asia
EMEA Channel
Central Europe
MGM EIN'S - Joint venture between MGM Networks and EIN'S M&M (formerly TAEWON Entertainment). formerly MGM Spectrum and MGM TAEWON.
MGM Korea
M2
MGM Latin America
MGM Channel
Casa Club TV
Ella
Former units
Former Subsidiaries
LAPTV (Jointly owned by 20th Century Fox and Paramount Pictures)
Cinecanal
The Film Zone
Movie City
retained by MGM
MGM HD
Studio 3 Partners
Epix
This TV
MGM Channels
Canada
UK
Germany
joint ventures
Australia
Telecine (Brazil; Joint venture with Globosat, 20th Century Fox, Paramount Pictures and Universal Pictures)
See also
MGM (TV channel)
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20090722025931/http://www.mgmtv.co.kr/ MGM Channel Korea
Cable television companies of the United States
AMC Networks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MGM%20Networks |
The is Japan's first and foremost national centre for the performing arts, including opera, ballet, contemporary dance and drama. It is located in the Shinjuku area of Tokyo. Since 1997 more than 650 productions were staged. There are about 300 performances per season with approximately 200,000 theatergoers. The centre has been praised for its architecture and state-of-the-art modern theatre facilities, which are considered among the best in the world. In 2007, the NNTT was branded with the advertising slogan: Opera Palace, Tokyo.
Background
The construction of the NNTT was completed in February 1997. Its first public performances took place in October of that year. The Tokyo Opera City Tower is connected to the theatre. It has concert halls, an art gallery, a media-art museum, office space, many restaurants and shops. The combined complex of the skyscraper tower and the theatre is called the "Tokyo Opera City".
Besides the public performances, various enterprises are undertaken, such as the young artist training programs (for ballet, opera, and theatre), theatre rental for other performing arts groups, performing arts-related exhibitions, public usage of its video library and book library, public performances for children and young students, backstage tours, and most importantly, international exchanges for performing arts events, etc. Moreover, The Stage Set & Design Centre (located in Choshi city, Chiba Prefecture), stores and exhibits previously-used stage scenery and costumes.
The arts management of NNTT, including the enterprises in above, is commissioned to New National Theatre Foundation (NNTF) from the independent administrative institution, known as The Japan Arts Council. NNTT is managed by several trust funds, government grants, admission revenues, and private donations from many supporting companies.
Criticism
The NNTT has been repeatedly criticized for its bureaucratic arts administration, which is very representative of usual Japanese politics. Although NNTT is financed by the Japanese government, major conductors, directors, and performing artists have all complained that their creative ideas are restricted by the bureaucratic style of the arts management. In 2010, the government decided to cut down the ¥4.8 billion grant NNTT received the previous year by half, and reduce the government grants to trainees who want to work and study abroad.
Theatres and performance facilities
Steel reinforced concrete construction 5 floors above ground, 4 floors below ground
Total floor area:
Design: Takahiko Yanagisawa + TAK Architectural Institute
The NNTT contains three main theaters.
Opera House (Opera Palace)
Number of seats: 1,814
There are 4 seats on the 1st to 4th floors.
Mainly used for performances such as opera and ballet. There have been several concerts in the past.
An orchestra pit with a maximum of 120 players (4 pipes) is permanent, and the depth can be adjusted according to the performance.
A proscenium format with four stages. Using the upper and lower back stage mechanism, performances are often swapped.
Opera subtitle devices are installed on the left and right sides of the stage, and are displayed in vertical writing.
The theater solicited nicknames, and on March 29, 2007, the opera palace (OPERA PALACE Tokyo) was decided.
Playhouse
Proscenium format: 1,038 seats, open format: 1,010 seats
There are two seats on the first and second floors.
Mainly used for performances such as theater and contemporary dance. Opera and ballet performances are also possible.
There is also a four-stage stage and a temporary orchestra pit.
The Pit
Number of seats: 340-468 seats
Located on B1F.
It has a movable stage and seat.
It is used for performances of contemporary stage performances with open stage performances.
Other
Information center (5F), rehearsal room (B2F), training room, roof garden (5F), etc.
New National Theatre Opera (NNTO)
In 2005, conductor Hiroshi Wakasugi was named artistic consultant to the opera division of the New National Theatre (also known as New National Theatre Opera, or NNTO). This post preceded his appointment as artistic director (i.e. Music Director of the New National Theatre) from September 2007. However, Wakasugi died in July 2009 and Tadaaki Otaka was appointed as 'acting artistic director' for 2009/2010.
The company's productions are usually conservative, and the principal lead singers are frequently drawn from a circle of top foreign opera singers from Europe and elsewhere. World-class Japanese singers who are famous abroad are often invited to sing lead roles as well. To introduce Japanese-related works into the operatic world, the NNTO has embarked on producing works such as Shuzenji Monogatari, composed by Osamu Shimizu (June 2009), and Ikebe Shinichiro's Rokumeikan (June 2010).
New National Theatre Ballet (NNTB)
The current Artistic Director of the New National Theatre Ballet (otherwise known as NNTB) is Asami Maki, who previously led the Maki Asami Ballet Troupe in Tokyo. Frequent foreign guest artists include Svetlana Zakharova and Denis Matvienko. The company's balletic identity draws from Russian, British, and French classical ballet traditions. David Bintley who is the current Artistic Director of the Birmingham Royal Ballet will lead the NNTB Company as the Co-Artistic Director with Asami Maki from 2010. The NNBT has performed at the Kennedy Center in Washington, D.C. (Asami Maki's Raymonda in February 2008), and will also perform Asami Maki's version of La dame aux camellias, as a guest company at the Bolshoi Theatre in September 2009. The NNTB is striving to become Asia's best ballet company as well as an internationally recognized company (Top 10) in the next few years.
Artistic director selection controversy
In the summer of 2008, the government-appointed theater board officials decided to replace artistic director Hitoshi Uyama with Keiko Miyata. The decision was announced at a June 30 board meeting, taking many of the board members by surprise because no prior discussion of replacing the director had taken place. When one of the board members, Ai Nagai, tried to question the decision, her questions were ignored by the board presidency. Nagai later went public with her questions on the decision in a statement signed by other prominent theater dramatists, including Hisashi Inoue, Yukio Ninagawa, and Yōji Sakate, but the board never responded to the questions.
References
External links
NNTT main page
New National Theatre Opera
New National Theatre Ballet
Theatres in Tokyo
Opera houses in Japan
Arts centres in Japan
Music venues in Tokyo
Concert halls in Japan
Music venues completed in 1997
1997 establishments in Japan
Theatres completed in 1997
Buildings and structures in Shibuya | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20National%20Theatre%20Tokyo |
Out of the Blue is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Debbie Gibson, released on August 18, 1987, by Atlantic Records. The album received favorable reviews from music critics and sold more than three million copies in the United States (three times platinum by RIAA) and five million copies worldwide.
Background
Gibson (who was then 16 years old) wrote all ten songs on this album, which reveals her very early talent for composing. As executive producer, Douglas Breitbart of Broadbeard Productions, Inc. (whom Gibson's mother had hired as manager five years before), assembled a team of producers from both New York and Florida: Fred Zarr, John Morales, Sergio Munzibai and Lewis A. Martineé.
Zarr produced "Shake Your Love" and "Fallen Angel" in addition to "Only in My Dreams," and co-produced "Out of the Blue," "Staying Together" and "Wake Up to Love" with Gibson, sole producer for "Foolish Beat." Morales and Munzibai produced "Red Hot" and "Between the Lines." Martineé produced "Play the Field".
While posing for the album cover, Gibson was told by the photographer that her knee was pulling focus; as a compromise, the makeup artist drew a face on her knee. This became a fashion trend among girls who attended her concerts.
Out of the Blue made No. 7 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart and No. 26 on the UK Albums Chart. The album sold over three million copies in the United States, and five million copies worldwide.
Reissues
Out of the Blue was included in the 2017 box set We Could Be Together, with six remixes as bonus tracks.
A special four-disc digipack edition was released by Cherry Red Records on October 15, 2021. This release includes two remix CDs and a DVD containing the album's five music videos, the live video Live in Concert: The "Out of the Blue" Tour, and a special interview video.
Track listing
Personnel
Musicians
Deborah Gibson – lead and backing vocals, rhythm programs, keyboard, synthesizer, additional keyboards
Fred Zarr – rhythm programs, keyboards, synthesizer, additional keyboards (tracks 1–4, 6–8)
John Morales – programming, sequencing (tracks 5, 10)
David "Jaz" Grant – keyboard overdubs, guitar (tracks 5, 7–8, 10)
Lewis A. Martineé – rhythm programs, keyboards, backing vocals (track 9)
Mike Baskt – keyboards (track 9)
Ira Siegel – guitar, acoustic guitar, electric guitar (tracks 1–4)
Tommy Williams – guitar, electric guitar (tracks 1, 6)
Nestor Gomez – guitar (track 9)
Gary Down – bass (track 3)
Bashiri Johnson – percussion (tracks 1–4, 6–8)
Billy Amendola – Tom Tom overdubs (track 3)
Jimmy Maelen – percussion overdubs (tracks 5, 10)
Jeff Smith – saxophone, saxophone overdubs, backing vocals (tracks 2–8, 10)
LaRita Gaskins – backing vocals (tracks 1–3, 6)
Carrie Johnson – backing vocals (tracks 1–2, 4, 6–8)
Libby Johnson – backing vocals (tracks 1–2, 6–8)
Norma Jean Wright – backing vocals (track 3)
Tim Lawless – backing vocals (track 4)
Connie Harvey – backing vocals (tracks 5, 10)
Janet Wright – backing vocals (tracks 5, 10)
Wendell Morrison – backing vocals (tracks 5, 10)
Haydee – backing vocals (track 9)
Production
Debbie Gibson – arranger (tracks 1–4, 6–8)
Fred Zarr – arranger, mixing (tracks 1–4, 6–8)
John Morales – arranger, mix engineer (tracks 5, 10)
Sergio Munzibai – arranger (track 5)
Lewis A. Martineé – arranger, engineer (track 9)
Don Feinberg – recording engineer (tracks 1–4, 6–8)
Bernard Bullock – recording engineer (tracks 1–4, 6–8)
Phil Castellano – recording engineer, mixing (tracks 1–4, 6–8)
Peter Sturge – recording engineer (tracks 5, 10)
Billy Esses – assistant engineer (tracks 1–4, 6–8)
Jim Goatley – assistant mix engineer (tracks 1–2, 4, 6–8)
Carlos Santos – assistant (track 9)
Michael Hutchinson – mixing (tracks 2, 6)
"Little" Louie Vega – mixing (track 3)
Doc Dougherty – mixing (track 3)
Douglas Breitbart – executive producer, management (Broadbeard Productions, Inc.)
Greg Porto – art direction
Adrian Buckmaster – photography
Howie Weinberg – mastering (Masterdisk)
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
References
External links
1987 debut albums
Out of the Blue
Atlantic Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out%20of%20the%20Blue%20%28Debbie%20Gibson%20album%29 |
Nursing credentials and certifications are the various credentials and certifications that a person must have to practice nursing legally. Nurses' postnominal letters (abbreviations listed after the name) reflect their credentials—that is, their achievements in nursing education, licensure, certification, and fellowship. The letters usually appear in the following order:
Highest earned academic degree in or related to nursing (e.g. "DNP" or "PhD")
Nursing licensure (e.g. "RN," "LPN")
Nursing certification (e.g. "CCRN")
Nursing fellowship (e.g. "FAAN")
Generally, credentials are listed from most to least permanent. A degree, once earned, cannot, in normal circumstances, be taken away. State licensure is active until retirement and otherwise only revoked in cases of serious professional misconduct. Certifications generally must be periodically renewed by examination or the completion of a prescribed number of continuing education units (CEUs). This is often called maintenance of certification.
Nurses may also hold non-nursing credentials including academic degrees. These are usually omitted unless they are related to the nurse's job. For instance, those with master's degrees usually do not list their bachelor's degrees (only the highest earned degree), and a staff nurse would likely not list an MBA, but a nurse manager might choose to do so.
Some nurses who achieve a master's degree (MSN) leave the patient-care aspect of nursing, and practice in a more managerial role. An example would be earning an MSN in healthcare risk management. Such a nurse, while still fully an accredited nurse, will likely become the risk manager for a hospital, working in health administration rather than direct care and perhaps even becoming the director or manager of the risk-management department. In this role, he or she may never see another patient except while doing hospital inspections, or perhaps talking to a patient or the patient's family about a quality-of-care concern. In this role, the nurse becomes something similar to an auditor and a teacher of patient care quality and risk for the entire hospital staff. This nurse likely will also get the certification CPHQ: Certified Professional in Healthcare Quality.
Nursing credentials are separated from the person's name (and from each other) with commas. Usually, no periods are placed within the credentials (e.g. "BSN" not "B.S.N.")
Nursing certifications
In the United States and Canada, many nurses who choose a specialty become certified in that area, signifying that they possess expert knowledge. Over 200 nursing specialties and subspecialties are available. Studies from the Institute of Medicine have demonstrated that specialty-certified nurses have higher rates of patient satisfaction and lower rates of work-related errors in patient care.
Registered nurses (RNs) are not required to be certified in a certain specialty by law. For example, it is not necessary to be a certified medical-surgical registered nurse (CMSRN) (the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses [AMSN] certification, administered by the Medical-Surgical Nursing Certification Board [MSNCB]) to work on a medical-surgical floor, and most medical-surgical nurses are not CMSRNs. Certifications do, however, instill professionalism and make the nurse more attractive to prospective and current employers. Certified nurses may earn a salary differential over their uncertified colleagues, but this is rare.
Some hospitals and other health-care facilities are willing to pay certified nurses extra when they work within their specialties. Also, some hospitals may require certain nurses, such as nursing supervisors or lead nurses, be certified. Certification instills confidence in the nurses. Magnet hospitals advocate certifications.
Alphabetical listing of nursing and related credentials and certifications
Key
Throughout the list, the following credentialing organizations are mentioned:
AACN: American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (http://www.aacn.org)
AHNCC: American Holistic Nurses Credentialing Corporation (http://www.ahncc.org)
ANCC: American Nurses Credentialing Center (https://www.nursingworld.org/ancc/)
AANPBC: American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board (http://www.aanpcert.org)
ONCC: Oncology Nursing Certification Corporation (http://www.oncc.org)
A
AAS: Associate of Applied Science
AAN: Associate of Arts in Nursing
ABLS: Advanced Burn Life Support (not intended for postnominal use)
ABQAURP: CHCQM - Board Certification in Health Care Quality and Management
ACCNS-AG: Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Clinical Nurse Specialist (Certified by AACN)
ACCNS-N: Neonatal Acute Care Clinical Nurse Specialist (Certified by AACN)
ACCNS-P: Pediatric Acute Care Clinical Nurse Specialist (Certified by AACN)
ACHPN: Advanced Certified Hospice and Palliative Nurse
ACHRN: Advanced Certified Hyperbaric Registered Nurse
ACLS: Advanced Cardiac Life Support (not intended for postnominal use)
ACM-RN: Accredited Case Manager-Registered Nurse
ACNP-BC: Acute Care Nurse Practitioner-Board Certified
ACNPC: Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Certification (Certified by AACN)
ACNPC-AG: Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Certification (Certified by AACN)
ACNS-BC: Adult Clinical Nurse Specialist - Board Certified
ACRN: AIDS Certified Registered Nurse
ADLS: Advanced Disaster Life Support
ADN: Associate Degree in Nursing
AFN-BC: Advanced Forensic Nursing–Board Certified (http://nursecredentialing.org/ForensicNursing-Advanced)
AGACNP-BC: Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner-Board Certified (certified by ANCC)
AGPCNP-BC: Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner-Board Certified (certified by ANCC)
AGNP-C: Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner-Certified (certified by AANPBC)
AHN-BC: Advanced Holistic Nurse-Board Certified (certified by AHNCC)
ALNC: Advanced Legal Nurse Consultant
ANEF: Academy of Nursing Education Fellow
ANLC: Advanced Nurse Lactation Consultant
ANP-BC: Adult Nurse Practitioner-Board Certified (certified by ANCC)
ANP-C: Adult Nurse Practitioner-Certified (certified by AANPBC)
ANVP: Advanced Neurovascular Practitioner
AOCN: Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse
AOCNP: Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner
AOCNS: Advanced Oncology Certified Clinical Nurse Specialist
APHN-BC: Advanced Public Health Nurse-Board Certified (changed to PHNA-BC)
APHN-BC: Advanced Practice Holistic Nurse-Board Certified (certified by AHNCC)
APN: Advanced Practice Nurse
APNP: Advanced Practice Nurse Prescriber
APP: Advanced Practice Provider
APRN: Advanced Practice Registered Nurse
ARNP: Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner
ASN: Associate of Science in Nursing
ATCN: Advanced Trauma Care for Nurses course
B
BLS: Basic Life Support (not intended for postnominal use)
BDLS: Basic Disaster Life Support
BCEN: Board of Certification for Emergency Nursing (not intended for postnominal use)
BM: Bachelor of Midwifery
BMTCN: Blood and Marrow Transplant Certified Nurse
BN: Bachelor of Nursing
BNSc: Bachelor of Nursing Science
BPS: Bachelor of Professional Studies with a concentration in Nursing
BS: Bachelor of Science with Nursing Major
BScN: Bachelor of Science in Nursing (Canada)
BHSc Nsg: Bachelor of Health Science—Nursing Nursing Qualification for RNs in Australia
BSN: Bachelor of Science in Nursing
C
CANP: Certified Adult Nurse Practitioner
CAPA: Certified Ambulatory Perianesthesia nurse
CARN: Certified Addictions Registered Nurse
CATN-I: Course in Advanced Trauma Nursing -Instructor (not intended for postnominal use)
CATN-P: Course in Advanced Trauma Nursing -Provider (not intended for postnominal use)
CBCN: Certified Breast Care Nurse
CBN: Certified Bariatric Nurse
CCCI: Canadian Certified Clinical Instructor
CCCN: Certified Continence Care Nurse
CCDS: Certified Clinical Documentation Specialist
CCE: Certified Childbirth Educator
CCM: Certified Case Manager
CCNS: Acute Care Clinical Nurse Specialist
CCRN: Certification in Acute/Critical Care Nursing
CCTC: Certified Clinical Transplant Coordinator
CCTN: Certified Clinical Transplant Nurse
CDAL: Certified Director of Assisted Living
CDDN: Certified Developmental Disabilities Nurse
CDCES: Certified Diabetes Care and Education Specialist
CDMS: Certified Disability Management Specialist
CDN: Certified Dialysis Nurse
CDONA/LTC: Certified Director of Nursing Administration/Long Term Care
C-EFM: Certified in Electronic Fetal Monitoring
CEN: Certified Emergency Nurse
CENP: Certified Executive in Nursing Practice
CETN: Certified Enterostomal Therapy Nurse
CFCN: Certified Foot Care Nurse
CFN: Certified Forensic Nurse
CFNP: Certified Family Nurse Practitioner
CFRN: Certified Flight Registered Nurse
CGN: Certified Gastroenterology Nurse
CGRN: Certified Gastroenterology Registered Nurse
CHES: Certified Health Education Specialist
CHN: Certified Hemodialysis Nurse
CHPLN: Certified Hospice and Palliative Licensed Nurse
CHPN: Certified Hospice and Palliative Nurse
CHPNA: Certified Hospice and Palliative Nursing Assistant
CHPPN: Certified Hospice and Palliative Pediatric Nurse
CHRN: Certified Hyperbaric Registered Nurse
CHSE: Certified Healthcare Simulation Educator
CHSE-A: Certified Healthcare Simulation Educator-Advanced
CHSOS: Certified Healthcare Simulation Operations Specialist
CIC: Certified in Infection Control
CLC: Certified Lactation Counselor
CLNC: Certified Legal Nurse Consultant
CLS: Clinical Laboratory Scientist
CM: Certified Midwife
CMA: Certified Medical Assistant
CMAS: Certified Medical Audit Specialist
CMC: Cardiac Medicine Certification
CMCN: Certified Managed Care Nurse
CMDSC: Certified MDS Coordinator
CMSRN: Certified Medical—Surgical Registered Nurse
CNA: Certified Nursing Assistant
CNCC(C): Certified Nurse in Critical Care (Canada)
CNE: Certified Nursing Educator
CNE: Chief Nurse Executive
CNeph(C): Certified in Nephrology Nursing (Canada)
CNL: Clinical Nurse Leader
CNLCP: Certified Nurse Life Care Planner
CNM: Certified Nurse Midwife
CNML: Certified Nurse Manager and Leader
CNN: Certified in Nephrology Nursing
CNO: Chief Nursing Officer
CNOR: Certified Perioperative Nurse
CNP: Certified Nurse Practitioner
C-NPT: Certified in Neonatal Pediatric Transport
CNRN: Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse
CNS: Clinical Nurse Specialist
CNSC: Certified Nutrition Support Clinician (Formerly CNSN: Certified Nutrition Support Nurse)
COCN: Certified Ostomy Care Nurse
COHC: Certified Occupational Hearing Conservationist
COHN: Certified Occupational Health Nurse
COHN/CM: Certified Occupational Health Nurse/Case Manager
COHN-S: Certified Occupational Health Nurse—Specialist
COHN-S/CM: Certified Occupational Health Nurse—Specialist/Case Manager
CORLN: Certified Otorhinolaryngology Nurse
CPAN: Certified Post Anesthesia Nurse
CPDN: Certified Peritoneal Dialysis Nurse
CPEN: Certified Pediatric Emergency Nurse
CPHON: Certified Pediatric Hematology Oncology Nurse
CPHQ: Certified Professional in Healthcare Quality
CPLC: Certified in Perinatal Loss Care
CPN: Certified Pediatric Nurse or Community Psychiatric Nurse (United Kingdom)
CPNA: Certified Pediatric Nurse Associate
CPNL: Certified Practical Nurse, Long-term care
CPNP: Certified Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
CPON: Certified Pediatric Oncology Nurse
CPSN: Certified Plastic Surgical Nurse
CRN: Certified Radiologic Nurse
CRNA: Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
CRNFA: Certified Registered Nurse First Assistant
CRNI: Certified Registered Nurse Infusion
CRNL: Certified Registered Nurse, Long-term care
CRNO: Certified Registered Nurse in Ophthalmology
CRNP: Certified Registered Nurse Practitioner
CRRN: Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurse
CRRN-A: Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurse—Advanced
CS: Clinical Specialist
CSC: Cardiac Surgery Certification
CSHA: Certified Specialist in Hospital Accreditation
CSN: Certified School Nurse
C-SPI: Certified Specialist in Poison Information
CT: Certified in Thanatology (dying, death and bereavement)
CTN: Certified Transcultural Nurse
CTRN: Certified Transport Registered Nurse
CTRS: Certified Therapeutic Recreational Specialist
CUA: Certified Urologic Associate
CUCNS: Certified Urologic Clinical Nurse Specialist
CUNP: Certified Urologic Nurse Practitioner
CURN: Certified Urologic Registered Nurse
CVICU: Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit
CVN: Certified Vascular Nurse
CVOR: Cardiovascular Operating Room
CVRN-BC: Cardiovascular Nurse-Board Certified.
CWCN: Certified Wound Care Nurse
CWOCN: Certified Wound, Ostomy, Continence Nurse
CWS: Certified Wound Specialist
D
DCNP: Dermatology Certified Nurse Practitioner
DipNAdmin: Diploma in Nursing Administration
DN: Doctor of Nursing
DNP: Doctor of Nursing Practice
DrNP: Doctor of Nursing Practice
DNS: Doctor of Nursing Science also seen as DNSc
DSN: Diabetes Specialist Nurse
DWC: Diabetic Wound Certified
DVNE: Domestic violence nurse examiner
E
ECRN: Emergency Communications Registered Nurse (not intended for postnominal use)
ED: Emergency Department
EdD: Doctor of Education
EN: Enrolled Nurse
ENC(C): Emergency Nurse Certified (Canada)
ENP-BC: Emergency Nurse Practitioner-Board Certified (certified by ANCC)
ENP-C: Emergency Nurse Practitioner- Certified (certified by AANPBC)
ENPC: Emergency Nursing Pediatric Course (not intended for postnominal use)
ENPC-I: Emergency Nursing Pediatric Course Instructor (not intended for postnominal use)
ENPC-P: Emergency Nursing Pediatric Course Provider (not intended for postnominal use)
ET: Enterostomal Therapist
F
FAADN: Fellow, Academy of Associate Degree Nursing
FAAN: Fellow, American Academy of Nursing
FAANA: Fellow, American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology
FAANP: Fellow, American Association of Nurse Practitioners
FAAOHN: Fellow, American Association of Occupational Health Nurses
FAAPM: Fellow, American Academy of Pain Management
FACCWS: Fellow, American College of Certified Wound Specialists
FACHE: Fellow, American College of Healthcare Executives
FAEN: Fellow, Academy of Emergency Nursing
FAHA: Fellow, American Heart Association
FNC: Family Nurse Clinician
FNP-C: Family Nurse Practitioner - Certified (Certified by AANPBC)
FNP-BC: Family Nurse Practitioner - Board Certified (Certified by ANCC)
FPNP: Family Planning Nurse Practitioner
FRCN: Fellow, Royal College of Nursing
FRCNA: Fellow, Royal College of Nursing, Australia
FT: Fellow in Thanatology, Association of Death Educators and Counselors
G
GN: Graduate Nurse (awaiting RN licensure)
GNP: Gerontological Nurse Practitioner
GPN: General Pediatric Nurse
GPN: Graduate Practical Nurse
GRN: Graduate Registered Nurse
H
HACP: Hospital Accreditation Certified Professional
HNB-BC: Holistic Nurse Baccalaureate-Board Certified (certified by AHNCC)
HNC: Holistic Nurse, Certified (changed to HN-BC)
HN-BC: Holistic Nurse-Board Certified (certified by AHNCC)
HWNC-BC: Health and Wellness Nurse Coach-Board Certified (certified by AHNCC)
I
IBQH: International Board for Quality in Healthcare
IBCLC: International Board-Certified Lactation Consultant
ICC: Intensive Care Certification
ICU: Intensive Care Unit
INC: Intensive Neonatal Care certification
INS: Informatics Nurse Specialist
IPN: Immunisation Program Nurse: Queensland Australia specialist qualification / endorsement
IR: Interventional Radiology
L
LCCE: Lamaze Certified Childbirth Educator
LGN: Licensed Graduate Nurse(British Columbia, Canada)
LGN(P): Licensed Graduate Nurse, Provisional</ref>(British Columbia, Canada)
LNC: Legal Nurse Consultant
LNCC: Legal Nurse Consultant, Certified
LNP: Licensed Nurse Practitioner—Used by the Commonwealth of Virginia, Board of Nursing, as a license status
LPN: Licensed Practical Nurse
LPT: Licensed Psychiatric Technician
LSN: Licensed School Nurse
LTAC: Long Term Acute Care
LTC: Long Term Care (LPN Specific)
LVN: Licensed Vocational Nurse
M
MA: Master of Arts
MACN: Member, Australian College of Nursing, Australia
MAN: Master of Arts in Nursing
MICT: Master of Information and Communication Technology
MICU: Medical intensive care unit
MICU: Mobile intensive care unit
ME: Menopause Educator
MEd: Master of Education
MEmerg Nsg: Master's degree in Emergency Nursing Australia
MENP: Master of Entry to Nursing Practice (for any non-nursing bachelor's degree)
MHN: Mental Health Nurse—Registered Nurse Endorsed to practice Advanced nursing in Mental Health
MICN: Mobile Intensive Care Nurse
MN: Master of Nursing
MPH: Master of Public Health
MRCN: Member, Royal College of Nursing (UK)
MS: Master of Science
MSA: Medicare Set-Aside
MSN: Master of Science in Nursing
MSN/Ed: Master of Science in Nursing Education
MSN-NLM: Master of Science in Nursing, Nursing Leadership and Management.
N
NC-BC: Nurse Coach-Board Certified (certified by AHNCC)
NCMP: Certified Menopause Practitioner
NCSN: National Certified School Nurse
NE-BC: Nurse Executive-Board Certified
NEA-BC: Nurse Executive Advanced-Board Certified
NHDP-BC: National Healthcare Disaster Professional-Board Certified
NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
NNP-BC: Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
NP(A): Nurse Practitioner, Adult(British Columbia, Canada)
NP(F): Nurse Practitioner, Family(British Columbia, Canada)
NP(P): Nurse Practitioner, Pediatrics(British Columbia, Canada)
NP-C: Nurse Practitioner, Certified (certified by AANPBC)
NPP: Nurse Practitioner, Psychiatric
NSE: Nursing Student Extern
NSWOC: Nurses Specialized in Wound, Ostomy and Continence
NRP: Neonatal Resuscitation Program (not intended for postnominal use)
NVRN: Neurovascular Registered Nurse
NZCFN: New Zealand Certified Flight Nurse
NPS: Neonatal / Pediatric Specialty
O
OCN: Oncology Certified Nurse
OMS: Ostomy Management Specialist
ONC: Orthopaedic Nurse Certified
P
PACU: Post-anesthesia care unit
PALS: Pediatric Advanced Life Support (not intended for postnominal use)
PCCN: Progressive Care Certified Nurse
PCNS: Pediatric Clinical Nurse Specialist
PhD: Doctor of Philosophy
PHN: Public Health Nurse
PHNA-BC: Advanced Public Health Nurse
PHRN: Pre-Hospital Registered Nurse
PICU: Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
PMH-BC: Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse
PMHNP-BC: Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
PMHCNS-BC: Psychiatric Mental Health Clinical Nurse Specialist
PNP-BC: Pediatric Nurse Practitioner - Board Certified
PNP-AC: Pediatric Nurse Practitioner - Acute Care
PNP-PC: Pediatric Nurse Practitioner - Primary Care
Q
QN: Queen's Nurse
R
RAC-CT: Resident Assessment Coordinator
RCP: Respiratory Care Practitioner
RDN: Registered Dental Nurse (United Kingdom)
RIN: Rural and Isolated Practice Registered Nurses (RIPRN) (Queensland, Australia)
RM: Registered Midwife
RMN: Registered Mental Nurse (United Kingdom)
RN: Registered Nurse
RN-BC: Registered Nurse, ANCC Board Certified
RN(C): Registered Nurse, Certified Practice(British Columbia, Canada)
RN(P): Registered Nurse, Provisional(British Columbia, Canada)
RN(T): Registered Nurse, Temporary(British Columbia, Canada)
RNC: Registered Nurse, Certified: American Academy Certified Nurse
RNC-LRN: Registered nurse certified in low-risk neonatal nursing
RNC-MNN: Registered nurse certified in maternal newborn nursing
RNC-NIC: Registered nurse certified in neonatal intensive care
RNC-OB: Registered nurse certified in inpatient obstetrics
RNCS: Registered Nurse Clinical Specialist
RNCS: Registered Nurse Certified Specialist
RNFA: Registered Nurse First Assistant
RNM: Registered Nurse-Midwife
RNLD: Registered Nurse Learning Disabilities
RPN: Registered practical nurse
RPN: Registered Psychiatric Nurse (Western Canada)
RRT: Registered Respiratory Therapist
S
SANE: Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner
SANE-A: Certified Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner-Adult/Adolescent
SANE-P: Certified Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner-Pediatric
SCN: Supervisory Clinical Nurse
SCRN: Stroke Certified Registered Nurse
SEN: State Enrolled Nurse
SHN: Sexual and Reproductive Health endorsed RN—Queensland Australia
SN: Student Nurse (RN preparation)
SNSC: School Nurse Services Credential (California CTC)
SPN: Student Nurse (LPN preparation)
SRNA: Student Registered Nurse Anesthetist(CRNA preparation)
SVN: Student Nurse (LVN preparation)
T
TCAR: Trauma Care After Resuscitation course
TCRN: Trauma Certified Registered Nurse
TNCC: Trauma Nursing Core Course (not intended for postnominal use)
TNCC-I: Trauma Nursing Core Course Instructor (not intended for postnominal use)
TNCC-P: Trauma Nursing Core Course Provider (not intended for postnominal use)
TNP: Telephone Nursing Practitioner
TNS: Trauma Nurse Specialist
V
VA-BC: Vascular Access Board Certified
W
WCC: Wound Care Certified
WHNP-BC: Women's Health Care Nurse Practitioner
CWOCN: Certified Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nurse
WTA-C: Certified Wound Treatment Associate
References
External links
Professional titles and certifications | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing%20credentials%20and%20certifications |
Louis Raymond Aguiar (born June 30, 1966) is a former American football punter. In his career, he played for the Barcelona Dragons (1991) of the World League of American Football, the New York Jets(1991–1993), the Kansas City Chiefs (1994–1998), the Green Bay Packers (1999), and the Chicago Bears (2000) of the NFL. He attended Utah State University but did not graduate.
After his playing days Agular coached for 12 years at Waterloo High School and Seckman Highschool
Aguiar is divorcing Teri Bollinger, a former Miss Illinois Teen USA 1990 and Miss Missouri USA 1999. She is also a former contestant on The Biggest Loser, Season 18.
He was named as the New York Jets assistant special teams coach on February 5, 2013.
References
1966 births
American football punters
Chicago Bears players
Green Bay Packers players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Living people
New York Jets players
Utah State Aggies football players
People from Livermore, California
Barcelona Dragons (NFL Europe) players
Granada High School (California) alumni
Players of American football from Alameda County, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louie%20Aguiar |
The Nebraska Supreme Court is the highest court in the U.S. state of Nebraska. The court consists of a chief justice and six associate justices. Each justice is initially appointed by the governor of Nebraska; using the Missouri Plan, each justice is then subject to a retention vote for additional six-year terms. The six associate justices each represent a Supreme Court district; the chief justice is appointed (and retained) at-large.
Unlike most other states, with the exception of North Dakota, the Nebraska Supreme Court requires a supermajority of five justices of the seven to rule unconstitutional a legislative provision (the 48 others states require a simple majority).
The court’s justices
Selection of justices
The court consists of a chief justice and six associate justices. The six justices each represent a Supreme Court district. If a position becomes vacant, the judicial nominating commission, made up of four lawyers and four non-lawyers, holds a hearing to select potential candidates. The commission then submits two names to the Nebraska Governor, who then determines the replacing judge. If the Governor does not follow through with this responsibility within 60 days of receiving the nominees, the responsibility then goes to Chief Justice of the state Supreme Court. To retain the office, a judge must run in a retention election after serving three years. Additionally, the judge must run every six years to retain his seat. If the judge receives less than 50% of the affirmative vote, the judge is not retained. Nebraska judges do not have a mandatory retirement age, but they are granted retirement at age 65 or earlier, if it is due to disability.
Districts
The Supreme Court of Nebraska is separated into six districts, with one Justice selected for each. Each justice faces a retention election from his or her district except for the Chief Justice, who faces a statewide retention election. The districts mostly follow county lines and are redrawn decennially after the census results are finalized. The 2021 redistricting produced the following districts:
District 1
District 1 consists of Lancaster County.
District 2
District 2 consists of a part of Douglas County.
District 3
District 3 consists of Antelope, Boone, Boyd, Burt, Cedar, Cuming, Dakota, Dixon, Dodge, Holt, Knox, Madison, Pierce, Stanton, Thurston, Washington, Wayne, and Wheeler counties as well as parts of Douglas and Sarpy counties.
District 4
District 4 consists of parts of Douglas and Sarpy counties.
District 5
District 5 consists of Butler, Cass, Clay, Colfax, Fillmore, Gage, Hall, Hamilton, Jefferson, Johnson, Merrick, Nance, Nemaha, Nuckolls, Otoe, Pawnee, Platte, Polk, Richardson, Saline, Saunders, Seward, Thayer, Webster, and York counties.
District 6
District 6 consists of Adams, Arthur, Banner, Blaine, Box Butte, Brown, Buffalo, Chase, Cherry, Cheyenne, Custer, Dawes, Dawson, Deuel, Dundy, Franklin, Frontier, Furnas, Garden, Garfield, Greeley, Gosper, Grant, Harlan, Hayes, Hitchcock, Hooker, Howard, Kearney, Keith, Keya Paha, Kimball, Lincoln, Logan, Loup, McPherson, Morrill, Perkins, Phelps, Red Willow, Rock, Scotts Bluff, Sheridan, Sherman, Sioux, Thomas, and Valley counties.
Current justices
Current members of Nebraska Supreme Court are:
Chief justice
Mike Heavican is the Chief Justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court. He was appointed to the court by Governor Dave Heineman, a Republican, and assumed office as the court's presiding justice on October 2, 2006. He was retained in 2010, 2016, and 2022. The Chief Justice is appointed (and retained) at-large.
Salaries
As of January 2017, the Associate Justices and Chief Justice earn $171,975 annually. National Center for the State Courts, Salary Comparisons, Nebraska
History of the court
1850s to 1970s
Nebraska's original Supreme Court, referred to as the Territorial Supreme Court, was established following the Kansas–Nebraska Act in May 1854. Fifteen male judges comprised the bench of the Territorial Supreme Court. During the seventy-one years between 1867, when Nebraska became a state, to 1938 a total of thirty-seven judges sat on the Nebraska Supreme Court. The original total of a bench of fifteen was reduced to three. The three Supreme Court judges also served simultaneously as district court judges at the time of Nebraska's statehood. The Nebraska constitution was then amended in 1908 to include a bench of six associate justices and one chief justice. The chief justice position would be held by the justice with the least amount of time remaining in his term. The judges were originally chosen by partisan election. In 1908 this was later amended to a nonpartisan election. Currently the Nebraska Supreme Court justices are elected by way of a modified Missouri Plan.
In the Nebraska Supreme Court's early years there were no regulations as to what cases could be appealed and heard by the court. Due to the lack of regulations the Supreme Court's docket became overloaded. As a solution the Nebraska Supreme Court was allowed to elect commissioners to assist with the workload. Originally three commissioners were elected, one from the Democratic Party, one from the Republican Party, and the last a member of the Populist Party. The three commissioners would serve a term of three years. In 1901 the commissioners numbers increased from three to a total of nine. Six of the nine commissioners would serve a one-year term and three would serve a two-year term. The commissioners sat in groups of three. This resulted in the creation of four appellate courts, the fourth being the Supreme Court. Select District Court justices were allowed to sit on cases heard by the Supreme Court under four stipulations found in Article V, Section 2 of the state's constitution. If the court was sitting in two separate five judge divisions, if the constitutionality of a statute was in question, an appeal case of a convicted homicide, and lastly when a decision by a division of the Nebraska Supreme Court was under review. ) In 1977 a general guideline pertaining to the format of a court report was drafted and released to the court's reporters. This guideline would assure that all reports were structured in the same manner. Even with the efforts to increase the time efficiency of the Supreme Court the docket remained over filled. It was proposed to increase the existing bench of seven judges to a bench of nine. The amendment was opposed but revisited later in 1977. It was in this year that the Supreme Court Judges received a salary of 39,750 dollars, an increase from previous years.
Boyd v. Nebraska ex Rel. Thayer
The case Boyd v. Nebraska ex Rel. Thayer was heard by the Supreme Court in 1891. The case was the result of a Gubernatorial Election in which Omaha Democrat James Boyd claimed victory. There were accusations by the Populist party regarding fraudulent votes in the favor of Boyd. John M. Thayer, the existing governor of the state, refused to give up his office. Thayer questioned the legitimacy of Boyd's citizenship claiming he was not eligible for office. Boyd's father, an immigrant, obtained citizenship after his son reached the age of majority. Thayer filed a quo warranto in the Nebraska Supreme Court. The court ruled that the father's citizenship did not apply to Boyd. The Nebraska Supreme Court restored Thayer to office. Boyd appealed after the ruling. The case progressed to the United States Supreme Court. The court ruled that Boyd was a citizen.
Chief Justice Robert G. Simmons
Robert G. Simmons was the longest-serving chief justice in the history of the Nebraska Supreme Court as of . Chief Justice Simmons was born in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska in 1891. He attended Hastings college and the University of Nebraska's College of Law. His early career paths included Scotts Bluff County Attorney, a lieutenant in the army, and was elected to congress as a Republican. On November 8, 1938 Simmons defeated former attorney general C.A. Sorenson and was elected Chief Justice of the Nebraska Supreme Court. The Simmons era heard several cases involving capital punishment. The court issued death warrants for four murders. The four death sentence's method was the electric chair. One of the four executions in the Simmons Era was Charles Starkweather. In 1951 the Simmon's court heard the case of Drabbels v. Skelly Oil Co. This case addressed the legitimacy of a murder charge in regard to an unborn child. The court unanimously ruled that a child who is still within the womb of the mother has no claim to life. Chief Justice Simmons retired on January 2, 1963 after serving on the bench for slightly over twenty five years.
Meyer v. Nebraska
Structure of the Nebraska courts
Decisions of the county court can be appealed to the district court, although some cases, such as probate cases and decisions of the county court sitting as a juvenile court, may be appealed directly to the Nebraska Court of Appeals. Decisions of the district court, juvenile courts, and workers' compensation court are appealable to the Court of Appeals. Decisions of the Court of Appeals are subject to further review by the Supreme Court.
Notable cases
Chicago B. & Q.R. Co. v. Krayenbuhl: Liability
Meyer v. Nebraska: Due process
McGuire v. McGuire: Financial responsibilities in a marriage
Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart: Free speech
References
External links
Nebraska Supreme Court Homepage.
1854 establishments in Nebraska Territory
Courts and tribunals established in 1854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska%20Supreme%20Court |
Jamie Hope is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera Emmerdale. He was played by Alex Carter and first appeared on screen on 16 February 2006. He last appeared on 21 May 2010, after Carter quit the soap to pursue new projects.
Casting
Carter's casting was announced in November 2005. Jamie was introduced as the eldest son of the established character Bob Hope (Tony Audenshaw) and debuted on 16 February 2006. On 8 February 2010, Carter announced that he was quitting the show, citing an exhausting filming schedule as his reason.
Storylines
It took Jamie a long time to come to Emmerdale. He felt his father Bob had abandoned him and his sister Dawn when they were children and although she had managed to rebuild her relationship with Bob, Jamie wasn’t sure he could. The marriage of Bob to his fourth wife Viv proved enough of a draw to get Jamie to let bygones be bygones. When they met, it was immediately clear Jamie and Bob were cut from the same cloth.
Even though he had decided to attend the wedding, Jamie changed his mind and realized that he couldn't forgive his father after all. He punched his father at the reception when Bob had a go at his mother Jean, causing Jamie's resentment to boil to the surface again. Jamie told Bob he could never forgive him. When Jamie flew back to Spain, Bob was saddened. He had wanted another chance to get to know his son so much, but it seemed all was lost. So, when Jamie arrived back a few weeks later, Bob was overjoyed.
However, Jamie wasn’t after a reunion with his father. Pretending to be the dutiful son, Jamie tried to con Bob out of £2,000 to pay off an ex-girlfriend who was keeping his dog, Snoop, hostage. When Bob rumbled Jamie’s plan, he was heartbroken. He threatened to cut Jamie off forever if he walked away with the money and after much soul searching, Jamie decided he wanted to get to know his father after all.
Whilst working at his stepmother Viv’s café to pay off the loan Bob had given him, Jamie was bored and frustrated – especially when his exotic food ideas were being disregarded. He stumbled upon a new venue of employment when local antiques dealer Rodney Blackstock gave him the chance to prove what a great salesman he was. He made a tidy profit but a full-time position didn’t materialize so a resourceful Jamie decided to do it alone again.
After Dawn died in the Kings River Showhome explosion, Jamie and Bob started a vendetta against the King family. However, as time passed, Bob became worried that Jamie would take the ultimate revenge. On the day Tom King died, Jamie was at Home Farm with revenge in mind. He was separated from Bob and made his way home and lied about going to Home Farm. Bob believed Jamie could be the killer so he confessed. When Jamie found out, he made a statement to the police, saying he was at Home Farm and didn't have an alibi for the time of death. Realizing they didn't have enough evidence to prosecute Bob, the police released him. However, both father and son remained suspects for the murder.
In 2007, Jamie got a job as a postman but found the job very demanding. Also, he had a one-night stand with Louise Appleton in his ice cream van. They soon began a relationship, but Jamie was disappointed when Louise was embarrassed to be seen in public with him. He confronted her and they went public, despite being an odd match. Louise was seventeen years older than Jamie, but they had a strong bond.
In 2008, Louise feared she was pregnant. Jamie found the pregnancy testing kit which revealed she wasn't. He was pleased but Louise was angry with Jamie for being so obviously pleased. This led to them splitting up briefly but soon got back together and became engaged.
In July, Jamie was furious to discover that Louise had blackmailed Viv to obtain her café and post office. Louise apologized and they were soon back to normal.
In September, Jamie and Louise set a date for their wedding to be around Christmas. They were in the process of arranging their wedding when Louise started getting telephone calls from a man called Jonty DeLorean. Louise refused to discuss this with anyone, leading Bob, Terry Woods , and Betty Eagleton to think she was having an affair. She eventually revealed that while in Australia, she had won a beauty contest for the over 30s, and Jonty was her manager. Disappointed that Jamie could think so badly of her, Louise left for Australia with Jonty but Jamie arrived at the last minute and proposed again. Louise accepted and they left together.
Jamie returned to the village in late November, claiming it was due to a massive fear of exotic such as snakes and scorpions; it was later revealed that he had punched a national icon, a kangaroo. He went back to visit Louise after Mark Wylde gave him compensation for accidentally knocking him off a ladder.
When Diane Sugden returned from a trip to Australia to visit Louise and her nephew, Paul Lambert who emigrated there with his partner, Jonny Foster, Diane revealed that shortly after her return, Louise had broken off her engagement to Jamie and sent him back the engagement ring.
Jamie later falls in love with Gennie Walker who had previously had an affair with Bob whilst Viv had been in prison for fraud, and starts a relationship with her. In May 2010, Jamie and Gennie planned to leave Emmerdale and move to Newquay where they had both been offered new jobs. At their leaving party in the Woolpack, Jamie caught Bob saying farewell to Gennie and kissing her on the forehead. Because they had been out of view from everyone else at the pub, Jamie assumed the worst and thought that Bob and Gennie had restarted their affair. Viv subsequently found out about Bob cheating on her whilst she had been in prison. After a tearful conversation with Gennie, Jamie realized that nothing had happened between Gennie and his father. But the memory of what happened between her, and Bob was too much for him to cope with, so he ended their relationship, leaving Gennie heartbroken. After also bidding farewell to his father, Jamie left the village, driving to Newquay alone for a fresh start.
References
External links
Jamie Hope at itv.com
Alex Carter talks about his Emmerdale character Jamie Hope
Emmerdale characters
Fictional British postal workers
Television characters introduced in 2006
British male characters in television | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie%20Hope |
A tunnel washer, also called a continuous batch washer, is an industrial washing machine designed specifically to handle heavy loads of laundry.
The screw is made of perforated metal, so items can progress through the washer in one direction, while water and washing chemicals move through in the opposite direction. Thus, the linen moves through pockets of progressively cleaner water and fresher chemicals. Soiled linen can be continuously fed into one end of the tunnel while clean linen emerges from the other.
Originally, one of the machine's major drawbacks was the necessity of using one wash formula for all items. Modern computerized tunnel washers can monitor and adjust the chemical levels in individual pockets, effectively overcoming this problem.
See also
Washing machine
References
Laundry washing equipment
Machines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel%20washer |
Here is a list of the governors of the State Bank of Pakistan.
List of governors
See also
State Bank of Pakistan
Planning Commission (Pakistan)
Economy of Pakistan
References
Profile of Past Governors of State Bank of Pakistan
Pakistani government officials
Pakistan
Governors of the State Bank of Pakistan
Governors of the State Bank of Pakistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20governors%20of%20the%20State%20Bank%20of%20Pakistan |
Area codes 0-99 serve the three largest cities in Mexico. The country code of Mexico is +52.
Area code 33 serves the Metropolitan area of Guadalajara, Jalisco, area code 55 and area code 56 serve the Metropolitan area of Mexico City (Mexico State and the CDMX) and area code 81 serves the Metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo León.
(For other areas, see Area codes in Mexico by code).
0 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20codes%20in%20Mexico%20by%20code%20%280-99%29 |
Voyage to India is the second studio album by American singer India Arie, released on September 24, 2002, by Motown. The album is titled after a track by Arie's idol Stevie Wonder from his 1979 album Journey Through "The Secret Life of Plants".
The album debuted at number six on the Billboard 200 and at number one on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, selling 109,000 copies in its first week. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on August 4, 2006. At the 2003 Grammy Awards, it won Best R&B Album, and the single "Little Things" won Best Urban/Alternative Performance. The song "Get It Together" was featured on many film soundtracks, including Brown Sugar (2002) and Shark Tale (2004).
Critical reception
Voyage to India received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 65, based on 15 reviews. John Bush of AllMusic said that Arie had "much to prove" after her successful debut, especially due to the notable trend of other neo soul artists, such as D'Angelo, Erykah Badu and Macy Gray, faltering with their second albums. Bush, however, found Voyage to India a "beautiful surprise" as it "easily equals her debut, boasting better vocal performances but also better songwriting and accompanying production."
Track listing
Sample credits
"Little Things" contains an interpolation of "Hollywood" by Rufus.
Personnel
India Arie — vocals, guitar
Brent Barrett — electric guitar
Algebra Blesset — backing vocals
John Catchings — cello
David Davidson — violin
Steve Grossman — percussion
Tony Harrell — keyboards
Tony Tony HarrellHarrington — backing vocals
Kerisha Hicks — backing vocals
Avery Johnson — bass
Doug Kahan — bass
Paige Martin — backing vocals
Terry McMillan — percussion
Blue Miller — backing vocals, acoustic guitar
Musiq — backing vocals
Ricky Quinones — guitar
Andrew Ramsey — guitar
Dave Ramsey — guitar
Forrest Robinson — drums
Bryant Russell — bass
Shannon Sanders — keyboards, percussion
Khari Simmons — bass
Joyce Simpson — vocals
Laurneá Wilkerson — backing vocals
John Willis — electric guitar
Obataiye Samuel — songwriter
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
2002 albums
Grammy Award for Best R&B Album
India Arie albums
Motown albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyage%20to%20India |
Nathan Hale (September 23, 1743 – September 23, 1780) was an American Revolutionary War officer who fought in the Battle of Lexington and Concord, Battle of Bunker Hill, Siege of Fort Ticonderoga, and Battle of Hubbardton. Hale was taken prisoner by the British at Hubbardton and died in prison on September 23, 1780, at New Utrecht, Brooklyn, New York.
Family and early life
Nathan Hale was born in Hampstead, New Hampshire, son of Moses and Elizabeth (Wheeler) Hale. He was a descendant of Thomas Hale of Newbury, Massachusetts, who arrived in 1637 from Watton-At-Stone, Hertfordshire, England as the latter part of the Winthrop Fleet and Great Migration. There is no known relation between Colonel Nathan Hale and Captain Nathan Hale, the American spy hanged by the British in 1776.
In his teens, Hale moved with his family to the area that would become Rindge, New Hampshire. He married Abigail Grout, daughter of Col. John and Joanna (Boynton) Grout of Lunenburg, Massachusetts. When the town of Rindge was organized in 1768, Hale was chosen the first constable of the town, and served as the moderator of the annual town meetings in 1773, 1774 and 1775
Service in the American Revolution
In 1774, Hale became the captain of a militia company of minutemen. Once Hale was told of the Battle of Lexington on April 19, 1775, he and his fifty men marched to Cambridge, Massachusetts, to join the Army of Observation.
On June 2, 1775, Hale was commissioned as a captain in the 3rd New Hampshire Regiment. They fought at the Battle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775. The Army of Observation (consisting of militiamen from Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire and Rhode Island) had about 2,400 men and the British had over 3,000. The colonies suffered 450 casualties and the British suffered 1,054 casualties in what has been described as a British Pyrrhic victory.
Hale was promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd New Hampshire Regiment on November 8, 1776. Achieving success in battle, he was again promoted to colonel on April 2, 1777. In the same year he served under Major General Arthur St. Clair at the Siege of Fort Ticonderoga in early July.
On July 4, 1777, the British managed to place two cannon and soldiers atop Mount Defiance, overlooking the fort. With no defense against artillery placed on the hill, General St. Clair and the officers decided to evacuate the fort in the dark of night. Hale's regiment and other stragglers from the retreating army were discovered by pursuing British forces at the Battle of Hubbardton a few days later, and he was taken prisoner on July 7, 1777.
His surrender and subsequent treatment by the British was the subject of controversy. Hale was later released on limited parole by the British, on the condition that he was not allowed to serve in the Army nor return to the enemy lines. He returned to Rindge, New Hampshire on July 20, 1777. Since he had not been exchanged as a prisoner of war, Hale was returned to prison on June 14, 1779. He hoped to be able to exonerate himself, but he died in prison on September 23, 1780, in New Utrecht, Brooklyn.
After his death
"Thomas Moore of Chelsea, who was a soldier in his regiment, told me repeatedly in my boyhood that my grandfather was "as brave a man as ever trod shoe-leather" and added always that he "was the finest-looking man I (Moore) ever set eyes on." His wife was a woman of great intelligence, executive ability and energy of character whom I well remember in a wonderfully vigorous old age." After the age of 90, she was still a great reader, interested in the news and politics of the day. In her latter years, she drew a pension of $600 per year as the widow of a colonel.
References
Bibliography
1743 births
1780 deaths
American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Great Britain
Continental Army officers from New Hampshire
American people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in British military detention
People from Rindge, New Hampshire
American Revolutionary War deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan%20Hale%20%28colonel%29 |
Friedrich Heinrich Karl Syrup (9 October 1881 – 31 August 1945) was a German jurist and politician.
Life
Syrup was born in Lüchow, Dannenberg district, in the Prussian Province of Hanover. The postal official's son studied engineering science as well as law and political science. In 1905, he joined the Prussian Industrial Inspection Service, staying until 1918, and making a name for himself in this time with various scientific publications on issues such as occupational health and safety and the work force's social status. In November 1918, Syrup was delegated by the Prussian Ministry for Trade and Industry to the Demobilization Ministry, where he was responsible for reintegrating former soldiers into civilian industrial life. While in this job, Syrup created the Reich Office for Work Placement, whose president he was appointed in 1920. From 1927 until the end of 1938, he was president of the Reich institution for Work Placement and Unemployment Insurance. When the central office of the hitherto autonomous institution was integrated into the Reich Ministry of Labour, Syrup was appointed State Secretary in this ministry.
In Kurt von Schleicher's cabinet, the last before Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Syrup was Reich Minister for Labour (independent); however, he was sent back to his old job by Hitler. Hermann Göring, in his capacity as Commissioner of the Four Year Plan, appointed Syrup in 1936 leader of the Geschäftsgruppe Arbeitseinsatz (Labour Deployment Business Group). After the 1938 Aktion Arbeitsscheu Reich, he ordered the fatigue duty of all jobless Jews in Germany. An appointed member of the Prussian State Council since 1939, on 2 May 1941 he attended the state secretary meeting on the Hunger Plan in preparation of the Operation Barbarossa invasion of the Soviet Union.
In 1941, Syrup suffered a complete breakdown. After a long illness, he took up work once again, but only part-time. This was the deciding factor in appointing the Gauleiter of Thuringia, Fritz Sauckel, to the General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment on 21 March 1942, effectively putting Syrup under Sauckel.
When the war ended, Syrup stayed in Berlin, although he could have fled. On 7 June 1945, he was deported to the NKVD special camp Nr. 7 in Sachsenhausen where he died a few months later.
Works (selection)
Arbeitseinsatz und Arbeitsbeschaffung / Friedrich Syrup. Berlin, [1939].
Der Arbeitseinsatz und die Arbeitslosenhilfe in Deutschland / Friedrich Syrup. Berlin, 1936.
Astigmatische Spiegelung im dreiaxigen Ellipsoid / presented by Friedrich Syrup. Rostock, Univ., Diss., 1905.
Probleme des Arbeitsmarktes und der Arbeitslosenversicherung / Syrup. Cologne, 1930.
Bequests
Friedrich Syrup Collection at the Fachhochschule des Bundes für öffentliche Verwaltung, field of Labour Administration, SEAD-BA in Mannheim, (1,0 m), [*http://www.fh-arbeit.de/ FH der Bundesagentur für Arbeit]
Literature
Hundert Jahre staatliche Sozialpolitik 1839 -1939 : aus dem Nachlass von Friedrich Syrup / published by Julius Scheuble. Edited by Otto Neuloh. Stuttgart, 1957.
Jürgen Nürnberger: Friedrich Syrup (1881-1945). Personalbibliografie. Ludwigshafen, [2006, in progress].
External links
Entry of Friedrich Syrup in Rostock Matrikelportal
1881 births
1945 deaths
Jurists from Lower Saxony
Labor ministers (Germany)
Lawyers in the Nazi Party
Members of the Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)
Nazis who died in prison custody
People from Lüchow-Dannenberg
People from the Province of Hanover
People who died in NKVD special camp Nr. 7
Prussian politicians
University of Rostock alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Syrup |
Lake Maxinkuckee is the second largest natural lake in the U.S. state of Indiana, covering . The Town of Culver, Indiana, in southwestern Marshall County is located on its northwestern edge. Lake Maxinkuckee has a maximum depth of 88 feet (27 m) and an average depth of 24 feet (7 m). Local residents and visitors do many things including ice fishing on the lake.
The first inhabitants of the lake area were Mound Builders, most likely the Potawatomi or Miami. Several mounds were built on the banks of the lake, the largest being "Pare Mound," thought to be used as a point of reference for the natives. The first white settlers arrived in 1836. Henry Harrison Culver, for whom the town is now named, founded the Culver Military Academy in 1894.
The word Maxinkuckee is derived from the Potawatomi word Mog-sin-ke-ki, which means "big stone country".
References
External links
Historical Lake Maxinkuckee information and genealogical records
- Information on Lake Maxinkuckee
"Fates Worse Than Death" by Kurt Vonnegut - he writes about Lake Maxinkuckee
Maxinkuckee
Native American history of Indiana
Mounds in Indiana
Potawatomi
Lakes of Marshall County, Indiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Maxinkuckee |
HMS Woodpecker, pennant number U08, was a sloop of the Royal Navy. She was active during the Second World War and was a successful anti-submarine warfare vessel, being credited with the destruction of six U-boats.
Construction
Woodpecker was ordered on 13 April 1940 under the 1940 Building Programme; she was laid down by William Denny & Brothers of Dumbarton, Scotland on 23 February 1941. She was launched on 29 June 1942, and commissioned 14 December the same year, with a build time of 23 months and 10 days.
The Black Swan design was subject to many modifications during the building process, which were later consolidated into the Modified Black Swan design. Although Woodpecker was ordered under the original design, her late build meant she incorporated many of these modifications and is consequently listed in some sources as one of the Modified Black Swan class.
Service history
After commissioning, Woodpecker was assigned to convoy escort duty. In April, Woodpecker joined 2nd Support Group, a highly successful anti-submarine warfare group under the command of FJ Walker.
In February Woodpecker, and 2 SG, were on support duty in the Atlantic, though they saw little action.
In June they were assigned to the Bay of Biscay, supporting Coastal Command's Operation Musketry. On 24 June Woodpecker, with others, found and destroyed two U-boats, and , off Cape Ortegal.
On 30 July the group engaged three U-boats, already under air attack; all three were destroyed, with Woodpecker sharing credit for .
Following the end of Musketry Woodpecker was docked for an extensive refit, remaining there until the end of the year.
In January 1944 Woodpecker, under the command of Commander H. L. Pryse, RNR, rejoined 2SG, which was on support duty in the South-Western Approaches. In February Woodpecker took part in the famous "Six in one trip" episode, during which she was credited with sharing the destruction of three U-boats. On 8 February, while supporting convoy SL 147/MKS 38, 2SG destroyed three U-boats; Woodpecker and were credited with the destruction of . Three days later Woodpecker and others caught and destroyed . On 19 February, while supporting ON 224, Woodpecker and others destroyed after a seven-hour hunt.
The following day, on 20 February 1944, Woodpecker was struck in the stern by an acoustic torpedo launched from the . While being towed toward home, on 27 February 1944 Woodpecker foundered and sank in an Atlantic storm. The skeleton crew was rescued before the ship went under.
Woodpecker was the only ship belonging to 2SG to be sunk. She had shared in six of the groups 23 victories.
Battle honours
During her service Woodpecker was awarded two battle honours:
Biscay 1943
Atlantic 1943–44
Successes
During her service Woodpecker participated in the sinking of six U-boats:
Notes
References
Arnold Hague : The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945 (2000). (Canada); (UK).
Warlow, B : Battle Honours of the Royal Navy (2004)
Publications
External links
HMS Woodpecker at navalhistory.net
HMS Woodpecker at britainsnavy.co.uk
Black Swan-class sloops
World War II sloops of the United Kingdom
Ships sunk by German submarines in World War II
Sloops of the United Kingdom
Ships built on the River Clyde
1942 ships
Maritime incidents in February 1944
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Woodpecker%20%28U08%29 |
The 1999–2000 season was the 120th season of competitive football in England.
Overview
Premier League
Manchester United were crowned FA Premier League champions with an 18-point margin over runners-up Arsenal and with just 3 league defeats all season. This was despite their failure to retain the European Cup and withdrawal from the FA Cup in order to compete in the FIFA Club World Championship – a campaign which was short lived. Andy Townsend also once said in The Sun that Manchester United should be "banned for life" from the FA Cup. Their season after the domination of 1998–99 was seen as a relative failure by the tabloids. Man United's failure in the FIFA Club World Championship, was surprisingly compounded by the press even more when David Beckham's wife Victoria, admitted on The Big Breakfast that he enjoys wearing her thongs. It was during this tournament he was sent off against Mexican team Club Necaxa, which was seen as the starting point in his team's first-round exit.
Sunderland made an impressive Premiership comeback by finishing seventh and just missing out on a UEFA Cup place, in part due to 30 goals from prolific striker Kevin Phillips.
Watford went down in bottom place with a record Premiership low of 24 points. Sheffield Wednesday were next to go down. On the last day of the season, Wimbledon lost 2–0 at Southampton and Bradford City achieved a shock 1–0 home win over Liverpool thanks to a goal by David Wetherall. This meant that Bradford had survived the drop and Liverpool had surrendered a UEFA Champions League place to Leeds United. It also meant that Wimbledon's 14-year spell in the top flight was over and they were relegated to Division One 12 years to the day that they had beaten Liverpool to achieve a shock FA Cup triumph.
Division One
The three promotion places in Division One went to league champions Charlton Athletic, runners-up Manchester City and playoff champions Ipswich Town.
1999–2000 also saw some of Division One's biggest clubs miss out on promotion—the biggest of these were Blackburn Rovers (11th) and Nottingham Forest (14th). Steve Coppell ended his fourth spell as Crystal Palace manager after doing wonders to keep a virtually bankrupt club clear of the Division One relegation zone.
Going down were Walsall, Port Vale and Swindon Town. West Bromwich Albion just missed out on the drop zone thanks to a late turn-around in form during the final weeks of the season which followed the appointment of Gary Megson as manager.
Division Two
David Moyes, 37, showed promise as one of the league's most highly rated young managers after he guided Preston North End to the Division Two championship. Stan Ternent's two-year rebuilding project at Burnley paid off as they finished runners-up in the division. Joining them in Division One were Peter Taylor's Gillingham, who had reached the upper half of the league for the first time in their history.
Going down were Cardiff City, Blackpool, Scunthorpe United and Chesterfield. Narrowly avoiding the drop were Oxford United, who struggled all season long despite the club's financial crisis being eased by the arrival of new Tanzanian chairman Firoz Kassam.
Division Three
Swansea City, Rotherham United, Northampton Town and Peterborough United occupied the four promotion places in Division Three.
Chester City were relegated on the last day of the season, ending their 69-year league career while Shrewsbury Town and Carlisle United saved themselves from Conference football.
FA Cup
Chelsea beat Aston Villa 1–0 in the last FA Cup final at Wembley before its redevelopment. The competition was played despite the absence of holders Manchester United due to FIFA Club World Championship commitments. Their absence meant that in the 3rd round of the competition, there was an uneven number of teams, and so Darlington were picked out of a hat of "lucky losers" and played against Aston Villa despite having lost in the 2nd round of the competition. Villa beat them 2–1.
In a one-off season, most FA Cup rounds were played a few weeks earlier than their traditional dates. For example, the first round was played in late October (rather than mid-November) and the third round was held on the second Saturday in December (instead of its annual place at the start of the new year). The experiment has not been repeated since.
League Cup
Leicester City beat Tranmere Rovers 2–1 to yield their second League Cup in four seasons.
Events
United retain their title
Manchester United retained their Premiership title after losing just three league games all season and finishing 18 points ahead of runners-up Arsenal. Roy Keane was voted Player of the Year by both the PFA and FWA and Dwight Yorke finished as the club's top scorer with 20 Premiership goals. United lost their defence of the European Cup after losing to eventual winners Real Madrid in the quarter-finals. Along the way they suffered an embarrassing 5–0 domestic loss to Chelsea, the biggest ever defeat for a British team defending the European Cup.
Chelsea triumph in Wembley finale
Chelsea beat Aston Villa 1–0 in the last FA Cup final at Wembley before the stadium was closed for reconstruction. Robert di Matteo, who had scored in the 1997 final, scored the only goal of the 2000 final to give Chelsea their third FA Cup triumph and end Villa's hopes of winning the trophy for the first time since 1957.
O'Neill lured to Celtic
Martin O'Neill guided Leicester City to their second League Cup triumph in four seasons before moving north of the border to Celtic, whose 'dream team' partnership of Director of Football Kenny Dalglish and Head Coach John Barnes had ended a nightmare as they finished 21 points behind champions Rangers in the SPL title race and had suffered a shock SFA Cup exit at the hands of Inverness Caledonian Thistle, which had inspired The Sun newspaper headline: "Super Caley Go Ballistic, Celtic Are Atrocious".
England blow it at Euro 2000
England overcame Scotland in the qualification playoffs to qualify for Euro 2000, and beat Germany in the group stages. But they surrendered a two-goal lead to lose 3–2 to Portugal and lost by the same scoreline to Romania, and thus failed to reach the quarter-finals. This dismal showing saw continued calls for the F.A. to terminate Kevin Keegan's contract.
Veteran Robson takes over on Tyneside
Bobby Robson, 66, became the oldest manager ever to take charge of a Premiership club when he succeeded 37-year-old Ruud Gullit as manager of Newcastle United.
Chester out, Kidderminster in
Chester City were relegated to the Conference after 69 years of Football League membership. They were replaced by Conference champions Kidderminster Harriers, who had won the Conference title six years earlier but had been refused promotion because their Aggborough ground did not meet capacity requirements.
Coppell quits Palace again
Steve Coppell was sacked as Crystal Palace manager, having been in charge of the club four times in 16 years. New owner Simon Jordan brought in Alan Smith (who had managed Palace between 1993 and 1995) as Coppell's successor. The change of hands gave Palace fans hope for the future after a financial crisis had almost put the club out of business.
Shearer quits the international stage
Alan Shearer retired from international football after playing for England at Euro 2000, much to the dismay of many fans who felt that he still had a few years left in him at the highest level.
Wimbledon relegated after 14 years
Wimbledon were relegated from the Premiership after 14 years in the top flight. Their fate was sealed on 14 May 12 years to the day that they had achieved their famous FA Cup victory over Liverpool.
Awards
Roy Keane captained Manchester United to another Premiership title triumph and was credited with the PFA Players' Player of the Year and FWA Footballer of the Year awards.
Leeds United's 22-year-old Australian midfielder Harry Kewell was voted PFA Young Player of the Year after helping to secure a Champions League place for his side.
Kevin Phillips scored 30 Premiership goals for Sunderland to win the Premier League Golden Boot and making him the season's highest scorer among all four English professional divisions.
Successful managers
Sir Alex Ferguson guided Manchester United to their sixth Premiership title in eight years.
Gianluca Vialli won his fourth major trophy in two-and-a-half seasons by winning the FA Cup for Chelsea.
David O'Leary ended his first full season as Leeds United manager with a run to the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup and qualification for next season's Champions League.
Peter Reid achieved a remarkable seventh-place finish for Sunderland in their Premiership comeback season.
Martin O'Neill ended his spell at Leicester City by achieving the Foxes' highest ever Premier League finish and by winning a second League Cup in four seasons.
Joe Royle took Manchester City into the Premiership after winning a second successive promotion.
Alan Curbishley guided Charlton Athletic to promotion back to the Premiership at the first attempt after they finished champions of Division One.
George Burley finally got Ipswich Town into the Premiership when they triumphed in the Division One playoffs after three successive seasons of failure.
David Moyes continued Preston North End's revival by guiding them to title success in Division Two.
Stan Ternent guided Burnley to runners-up spot in Division Two and secured their promotion to Division One.
John Hollins brought success to Swansea City, who won the Division Three title.
League tables
FA Premier League
Manchester United retained the Premier League title, winning it for the sixth time in eight seasons, and finished the season as champions by a record 18-point margin; while their season was marred by faltering results in the early stages, a struggle to replace long-serving goalkeeper Peter Schmeichel, and their controversially withdrawing from the FA Cup in favour of an ultimately fruitless entry into the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship, they made up for this in style by winning all but three games (only one of which ended in defeat) after Christmas.
Arsenal finished runners-up for the second successive season, having spent much of the season well off the pace of the Champions League spots before a strong run in the late stages saw them clinch second place. Leeds United's season was essentially the opposite of those of the two teams above them, leading the table for much of the first half of the season, only for their form to completely implode in the final months, with only Liverpool's failure to win on the final day securing them a Champions League spot; their third-place finish was nonetheless their highest since title glory in 1992.
Liverpool's fourth-place finish meant that they had to settle for a UEFA Cup place, a shock defeat to Bradford City (who defied all the odds to avoid relegation in their first top-flight season for nearly 80 years) preventing them from qualifying for the Champions League on the final day. Joining Liverpool in the UEFA Cup were fifth placed FA Cup Winners Chelsea, and League Cup winners Leicester City. Newly promoted Sunderland just missed out on Europe, with a winless run from Boxing Day to mid-March ending their hopes, but their seventh-place finish was their highest for decades, and star striker Kevin Phillips bagged both the Golden Boot and the European Golden shoe, scoring 30 goals.
Ruud Gullit stepped down as Newcastle manager after one point from the first five games of the league campaign, paving the way for 66-year-old former England manager Bobby Robson to take up his first post in England since leaving the England job in 1990, and his first at club level since 1982. Robson steered Newcastle to an 11th-place finish and they also reached the FA Cup semi-finals.
Bradford's escape from relegation meant that Wimbledon, who were beaten by Southampton on the final day of the season, were relegated from the Premiership after 14 successive seasons of top-flight football. Sheffield Wednesday went down after three seasons of steady decline, having been in the top flight for all but one season since 1984, as a horrific first half of the season, which saw them bottom with a paltry 6 points at Christmas, ultimately proved too much to recover from. Watford's first top-flight season for more than a decade ended in relegation, being undone by a poor run of form from late September onwards which saw them slip into the bottom three, where they couldn't recover, ultimately resulting in them posting the lowest-ever points total for a Premier League team until that point.
Leading goalscorer: Kevin Phillips (Sunderland) – 30
Football League Division One
Charlton Athletic won the division with greater ease than the final table suggested – they were in fact the first team in the country to win promotion, but a return of just 4 points from their last 7 matches allowed the pursuing teams to close the gap. Manchester City won their second successive promotion in the runners-up spot, well and truly putting the memories of their relegation to the Second Division behind them. Ipswich Town finished in the play-offs for the fourth season in a row, but this time they were successful as they triumphed over Barnsley at Wembley and won promotion back to the Premier League after a five-year absence.
Wolves narrowly missed out on the playoffs for the third season running, while Huddersfield Town's eighth-place finish was perhaps the closest they had come to returning to the top flight since losing their top-flight place in 1972. Fulham finished ninth as their recent revival continued, but a failure to win a second successive promotion saw Paul Bracewell sacked as manager and replaced with Jean Tigana, who had won a French league title and reached a European Cup semi-final with AS Monaco.
Swindon suffered from a financial crisis and a transfer embargo for most of the season, and the effect on the pitch was obvious as they were relegated in bottom place. Port Vale, who had only survived the previous season due to the League's short-lived usage of Goals Scored over Goal Difference, went down with them. Walsall took their survival battle to the final day of the season, but were unable to avoid an immediate relegation back to Division Two.
Leading goalscorer: Andy Hunt (Charlton Athletic) – 24
Football League Division Two
Preston won the division title after 19 years away from the top two divisions, showing great progress under promising young manager David Moyes. Burnley, who were unfancied and even tipped for relegation by some owing to two unimpressive previous seasons, achieved promotion in the second automatic spot. After losing in the previous year's play-off final, Gillingham won promotion via the Division Two playoffs to reach the upper half of the English league for the first time in their history, their opponents in the play-off final being a Wigan Athletic side playing their first season in the impressive new 25,000-seat JJB Stadium.
Chesterfield started the season well enough, but a dreadful run of 2 wins in 20 games mid-season consigned them to relegation and spelled the end as manager for John Duncan after seven years. Scunthorpe, who had won promotion via the play-offs the previous year, never achieved enough wins to have a serious chance of survival, and went straight back down. Blackpool had been coping well in previous seasons despite financial problems, but they finally took their toll this season and helped send the club down. Cardiff were the final relegated team, eventually proving the weakest of a group of sides that could have easily gone down in the last weeks of the season. The highlight of their season was their game against Cambridge United, where they drew despite being a player down after 45 minutes, two players down after 63 minutes and 3 players down after 75 minutes. Oxford United finished one point clear of a second successive relegation, their future secured after being taken over by hotelier Firoz Kassam, who enabled construction work to resume on the club's long-awaited new stadium.
Leading goalscorer: Andy Payton (Burnley) – 27
Football League Division Three
Swansea and Rotherham, both of whom had been dumped out in the play-off semi-finals the previous year, led the table for virtually the entire season. Swansea eventually won the title by drawing a stormy last game of the season between the two sides. The third automatic spot was won by Northampton, who were led to promotion by new manager Kevin Wilson after a poor start to the season under previous manager Ian Atkins. Peterborough won the play-offs, returning to Division Two after an absence of three years.
A four-way relegation scrap took place throughout most of the season, involving Chester, Shrewsbury, Carlisle and York. York eventually pulled away to safety with some good results in the final weeks of the season, leaving the other three to face a final-day relegation battle. In the end, Chester, who had spent virtually the entire season rooted to the bottom of the table and only had the chance of a last-day escape because of similarly poor campaigns by Carlisle and Shrewsbury, were relegated to the Conference.
Leading goalscorer: Marco Gabbiadini (Darlington) – 25
Diary of the season
17 June 1999 – David James leaves Liverpool after seven years in a £1.7 million move to Aston Villa.
21 June 1999 – France national football team captain Didier Deschamps joins Chelsea in a £3 million move from Juventus.
30 June 1999 – Bradford City prepare for their first time top division season for nearly 80 years with a club record £1.4 million move for Leeds United defender David Wetherall.
5 July 1999 – Chelsea pay a club record £10 million for Blackburn Rovers striker Chris Sutton.
14 July 1999 – Newcastle United pay Ipswich Town £6.5 million for midfielder Kieron Dyer and Everton pay Trabzonspor £3 million for on-loan striker Kevin Campbell (who scored eight goals in seven games for them late last season).
23 July 1999 – Leeds United sign striker Michael Bridges from Sunderland for £5 million.
29 July 1999 – Four years after leaving Arsenal, Stefan Schwarz returns to English football in a £4 million move to Sunderland from Valencia.
31 July 1999 – Middlesbrough sign German international midfielder Christian Ziege from AC Milan for £4 million.
1 August 1999 – Arsenal lift the Charity Shield thanks to a 2–1 victory over Manchester United at Wembley.
2 August 1999 – Arsenal sell Nicolas Anelka to Real Madrid for £23 million – the highest fee involving a British club.
3 August 1999 – Arsenal sign Thierry Henry for an estimated fee of £11 million, reuniting with his former manager Arsène Wenger.
4 August 1999 – Leeds United sell Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink to Atlético Madrid of Spain for £12 million.
7 August 1999 – Wigan Athletic mark their first game at the JJB Stadium with a 3–0 win over Scunthorpe United in Division Two. The first Premier League games of the season include Chelsea's 4–0 home win over newly promoted Sunderland and Watford's return the top flight being soured by a 3–2 home defeat against Wimbledon. Bradford, meanwhile, mark their first top-flight game since 1922 with a 1–0 away win over Middlesbrough, in which Dean Saunders scores a last gasp winner.
10 August 1999 – Kevin Phillips scores his first two Premier League goals in Sunderland's 2–0 home win over his old club Watford.
11 August 1999 – Manchester United beat Sheffield Wednesday 4–0 at Old Trafford. Michael Bridges scores a hat-trick for Leeds United in their 3–0 away win over Southampton. Leeds United sign Coventry City striker Darren Huckerby for £4.4 million.
14 August 1999 – Tommy Mooney scores for Watford in their shock 1–0 league win at Liverpool.
18 August 1999 – 19-year-old Wolverhampton Wanderers striker Robbie Keane becomes Coventry City's record signing in a £6 million deal.
21 August 1999 – Manchester United captain Roy Keane scores twice as Manchester United beat Arsenal 2–1 in the league at Highbury.
25 August 1999 – Kevin Phillips and Niall Quinn plunge Newcastle United into crisis as they score in Sunderland's 2–1 derby win at St. James' Park,
27 August 1999 – Lazio beat Manchester United 1–0 in Monaco to win the European Super Cup.
28 August 1999 – Ruud Gullit resigns after one year as manager of Newcastle United.
30 August 1999 – Andy Cole scores four goals against his old club Newcastle United as Manchester United beat them 5–1 at Old Trafford.
31 August 1999 – The first month of the league season ends with treble winners Manchester United looking well placed for retaining their league title as Premier League leaders with five wins and a draw from their first six games. Aston Villa are their nearest contenders, while Chelsea, West Ham United and Leicester City complete the top five. Sheffield Wednesday and Newcastle United, both winless, prop up the rest of the top flight, while Bradford City occupy the final bottom three position at the end of the first month of their first top division season for nearly 80 years. Ipswich Town are hopeful of making it back to the Premier League after five seasons away (during which time they have suffered three playoff disappointments) as they finish the first month of the season as Division One leaders. Stockport County have emerged as surprise contenders for a Premier League place as they stand second in Division One. The playoff zone is occupied by West Bromwich Albion, Manchester City, Birmingham City and Fulham.
3 September 1999 – Newcastle United appoint Bobby Robson as their new manager. The former England manager, 66, is the oldest manager in all four division of the English league – and almost 30 years older than his predecessor Ruud Gullit.
7 September 1999 – Ade Akinbiyi becomes the most expensive Division Two player when he leaves Bristol City for Division One promotion hopefuls Wolverhampton Wanderers.
11 September 1999 – Jamie Carragher scores two own goals as Liverpool lose 3–2 at home to Manchester United in the league.
17 September 1999 – Former England and Liverpool full-back Rob Jones retires from football at the age of 28 after failing to recover from a succession of injuries.
18 September 1999 – Newcastle United record the second highest win in FA Premier League history when they beat Sheffield Wednesday 8–0. Alan Shearer scores five goals in this game, while Kevin Phillips scores a hat-trick in Sunderland's 5–0 win at Derby County. In a rare appearance for Manchester United, Jordi Cruyff scores a late equaliser in their 1–1 home draw with Wimbledon.
30 September 1999 – Manchester United retain their lead of the Premier League, with Leeds United now their nearest contenders by a two-point margin. Arsenal, Sunderland and Chelsea complete the top five. Sheffield Wednesday remain bottom after a terrible first two months of the season, while Newcastle United remain second from bottom despite that record-breaking victory 12 days ago, and Wimbledon now occupy the final remaining relegation position. Ipswich Town and Birmingham City are level on points at the top of Division One. Charlton Athletic, Manchester City, Fulham and Barnsley complete the top six.
2 October 1999 – Sheffield Wednesday pull together with a 5–1 home win over Wimbledon.
3 October 1999 – Chelsea crush Manchester United 5–0 – the first domestic competitive game that United have lost for nearly nine months. Alan Shearer scores twice as Newcastle beat Middlesbrough 2–1.
24 October 1999 – A Premier League thriller at Goodison Park sees Everton and Leeds United draw 4–4, a result that ends the Yorkshire club's 10-match winning streak. Elsewhere, a late Trevor Sinclair equalizer for West Ham stops ten-man Sunderland's ascension to the top; the Black Cats instead rise to third.
31 October 1999 – October draws to a close with Leeds United as the new Premier League leaders, with Manchester United in second place and trailing them by two points. Arsenal, Sunderland and Leicester City complete the top five. Sheffield Wednesday remain bottom, with Watford and Bradford City completing the bottom three. Manchester City lead Division One, with Ipswich Town, Charlton Athletic and Birmingham City level on points as their nearest rivals. Huddersfield Town and Fulham complete the top six.
13 November 1999 – Paul Scholes scores twice as England beat Scotland 2–0 at Hampden Park in the Euro 2000 qualifying playoff first leg.
17 November 1999 —
– Arsenal announce plans to move to a new 60,000-seat stadium at Ashburton Grove near Highbury – their home since 1913. They hope to be in their new home for the 2003–04 season.
– England qualify for Euro 2000 despite a 1–0 second leg defeat by Scotland at Wembley.
20 November 1999 – Marc Overmars scores a hat-trick in Arsenal's 5–1 home league win over Middlesbrough.
30 November 1999 – Manchester United are back on top of the Premier League as November draws to a close, with former leaders Leeds United now bracketed on points with Arsenal as their nearest rivals. Newly promoted Sunderland's excellent start to the season sees them still in fourth place, with a resurgent Liverpool standing fifth. Sheffield Wednesday and Watford continue to prop up the rest of the Premier League, accompanied in the drop zone by a Derby County side who had spent the previous two seasons chasing a place in Europe. Manchester City remain top of Division One, with Huddersfield Town now second and in the hunt for top division for the first time in nearly 30 years. Charlton Athletic, Ipswich Town, Barnsley and Fulham occupy the playoff places.
1 December 1999 – Film producer and actor Bill Kenwright, 54, completes a takeover of Everton after buying out former owner Peter Johnson.
4 December 1999 – Ole Gunnar Solskjaer scores four goals in Manchester United's 5–1 home league win over Everton.
31 December 1999 – 1999 draws to a close and as the new millennium approaches, Leeds United are back on top though with just a one-point lead over Manchester United who have a game in hand. Arsenal, Sunderland and Liverpool are the only three teams still posing a reasonable threat to the top two. Sheffield Wednesday's terrible season has continued as they remain bottom with a mere two wins and nine points from their first 20 games, while Watford and Derby County remain in the bottom three. The race for promotion to the Premier League is still headed by Manchester City and Huddersfield Town, while Charlton Athletic, Ipswich Town, Barnsley and Stockport County complete the top six.
8 January 2000 – Liverpool suffer a shock 1–0 home defeat to Blackburn Rovers (now in Division One) in the FA Cup fourth round. Tranmere Rovers, on a good run in the League Cup, progress to the fifth round of the FA Cup after a surprise 1–0 win at home to Sunderland in the fourth round. There is a major shock also for Bradford City, who are crushed 3–1 by Division Two Gillingham at Priestfield.
12 January 2000 – Liberian striker George Weah, 31, joins Chelsea on a six-month loan from A.C. Milan.
19 January 2000 – Arsenal's hopes of FA Cup glory are ended in a replay penalty shoot-out defeat by Leicester City, who boost their own bid for a cup double.
29 January 2000 – The FA Cup fifth round brings some surprise results as Gillingham's giant-killing run continues with a 3–1 home win over Sheffield Wednesday and Charlton Athletic win at Coventry City to give the rest of the Premier League some idea of what they will be performing like when inevitable promotion is achieved. Leicester City's hopes of a domestic cup double are ended when they lose 2–1 at Chelsea, while Cambridge United's impressive run ends in a 3–1 home defeat by Bolton Wanderers. On the transfer front, Division One strugglers West Bromwich Albion sell Italian midfielder Enzo Maresca to Juventus for £4 million.
30 January 2000 – Blackpool striker Martin Aldridge, 25, on loan to Rushden & Diamonds, dies in an Oxford hospital after being injured in a car crash in Northamptonshire.
31 January 2000 – Struggling Sheffield Wednesday complete the month unbeaten in the FA Premier League. Danny Wilson is named FA Premier League Manager of the Month, but the club are still in the relegation zone, though no longer in the bottom place (now occupied by a Watford side whose form in last four months has been little short of hopeless). Bradford City occupy the other bottom three position. Manchester United now lead at the top on goal difference ahead of Leeds United, with Arsenal and Liverpool still posing a threat but Sunderland's challenge is ebbing away. Charlton Athletic have taken over from Manchester City as Division One leaders. Ipswich Town, Barnsley, Huddersfield Town and Wolverhampton Wanderers complete the top six.
12 February 2000 – Manchester United suffer their first Premier League defeat in four months, and only their third of the season, as they lose 3–0 at Newcastle United. A Premier League thriller at Upton Park sees West Ham United beat Bradford City 5–4.
19 February 2000 – Bolton Wanderers reach the FA Cup semi-finals with a 1–0 win over Charlton Athletic as they hope to challenge for a "Wembley double" of the FA Cup final and Division One play-off final.
20 February 2000 – Gillingham's FA Cup dreams are ended with a 5–0 defeat at Chelsea, while a 2–1 defeat at home to Aston Villa resigns Everton to another season of disappointment in Walter Smith's second season as manager. Tranmere Rovers are eliminated by Newcastle United after a brave 3–2 defeat.
23 February 2000 – Stanley Matthews, one of the greatest English footballers of all time, dies at the age of 85.
26 February 2000 – Wimbledon become the first team this season to be unbeaten twice in the league by Manchester United after holding them to a 2–2 draw at Selhurst Park.
29 February 2000 – Manchester United have now extended their Premier League lead to six points as February ends, with Leeds United posing the closest threat, while Arsenal and Liverpool (along with a resurgent Chelsea) pose a more distant threat, and Sunderland are now focused on qualifying for the UEFA Cup rather than challenging for the league title. Sheffield Wednesday and Watford continue to prop up the Premier League, with Bradford City joining them in the drop zone. Charlton Athletic and Manchester City continue to head the Division One promotion race, with Ipswich Town, Barnsley, Huddersfield Town and Birmingham City completing the top six.
4 March 2000 – Debutant striker Stan Collymore scores a hat-trick for Leicester City in their 5–2 win over Sunderland in the Premier League, just days after his transfer from Aston Villa.
7 March 2000 – John Hartson's proposed move from Wimbledon to Tottenham Hotspur collapses after he fails a medical.
10 March 2000 – Liverpool pay a club record £11 million for Leicester City striker Emile Heskey.
11 March 2000 – Steffen Iversen scores a hat-trick in Tottenham's 7–2 home league win over Southampton.
22 March 2000 – Dean Windass scores a hat-trick in Bradford City's 4–4 relegation crunch thriller with Derby County at Valley Parade.
31 March 2000 – Manchester United are now looking all set for title glory as they head the table by a seven-point margin with Leeds United as their closest rivals. Liverpool, Chelsea and Arsenal are looking more and more distant a threat in the race to prevent the Premier League trophy from remaining at Old Trafford. At the other end of the table, Sheffield Wednesday and Watford are looking doomed, with Bradford City occupying the final relegation position and Derby County hovering dangerously close to the drop zone. The race for Premier League football next season is headed by Charlton Athletic and Ipswich Town. Barnsley, Manchester City, Huddersfield Town and Birmingham City complete the top six.
2 April 2000 – Aston Villa beat Bolton Wanderers on penalties after a goalless draw in the FA Cup semi-final at Wembley, to reach their first FA Cup final for 43 years.
5 April 2000 – Two Leeds United Fans, Chris Loftus and Kevin Speight are killed on the eve of the club's UEFA Cup Semi-final against Galatasaray.
9 April 2000 – Two goals from Gus Poyet give Chelsea a 2–1 win over Newcastle United in the FA Cup semi-final.
10 April 2000 – A late surge by Middlesbrough is unable to prevent Manchester United from winning a thrilling Premier League 4–3 at the Riverside Stadium.
15 April 2000 – All Premier League matches kicked off at 3.06 pm, to commemorate the 96 Liverpool supporters who lost their lives in the Hillsborough disaster.
19 April 2000 – Derby County bring Georgi Kinkladze back to England after two years with Ajax after agreeing a £3 million deal. Manchester United surrender their defence of the European Cup after losing 3–2 at home to Real Madrid in the quarter-final second leg.
21 April 2000 – Charlton Athletic win promotion back to the Premier League after one season away.
22 April 2000 – Manchester United seal their sixth Premier League title in eight seasons with a 3–1 win at Southampton.
29 April 2000 – Bradford City boost their survival bid and dent Wimbledon's with a 3–0 win at Valley Parade.
30 April 2000 – April draws to a close with champions Manchester United an incredible 19 points ahead of second placed Arsenal, who have two games in hand. Liverpool are looking set for the third Champions League place, while Chelsea head the UEFA Cup race. Leeds United meanwhile have fallen to fifth place after a disastrous run of results, and now look unlikely to even qualify for European competition at all. Aston Villa, Sunderland and West Ham United remain in with a slim chance of taking the league's UEFA Cup slot. Charlton Athletic have been confirmed as Division One champions, but the race for second place is still being contested by Manchester City and Ipswich Town.
7 May 2000 – Chester City are relegated to the Football Conference after 69 years of Football League membership. On the same day, Manchester City secure promotion to the Premier League as Division One runners-up (their second successive promotion), Walsall suffer relegation to Division Two, Burnley secure promotion to Division One as Division Two runners-up, and Northampton seal the third and final automatic promotion place in Division Three. Chester City's place in the Football League will be taken by Conference champions Kidderminster Harriers.
9 May 2000 – Sheffield Wednesday are relegated from the Premier League after nine successive seasons of top-flight football, but go down fighting with a 3–3 draw against Arsenal.
14 May 2000 – Wimbledon lose 2–0 at Southampton and are relegated to Division One after 14 years in the top flight. Bradford City, meanwhile, confirm their survival with a 1–0 win over Liverpool who surrender a Champions League place that instead went to Leeds United. Ironically, this came 12 years to the day that Wimbledon achieved their famous FA Cup triumph over Liverpool.
14 May 2000 – ITV announces a £500 million bid to bring live Premier League matches onto terrestrial television for the first time. If the deal goes ahead, it will be the first time since 1992 (when the Premier League was created from the old Football League First Division) that live top division football has been shown on any terrestrial television channel.
18 May 2000 – West Ham United sell Marc-Vivien Foé to Olympique Lyonnais for £6 million.
20 May 2000 – Chelsea beat Aston Villa 1–0 in the last FA Cup final to be played at Wembley before the 77-year-old stadium is rebuilt. Roberto Di Matteo, who scored for Chelsea in the opening minute of their 1997 triumph, scores the only goal of the game.
29 May 2000 – Ipswich Town seal promotion to the Premier League after a five-year exile by defeating Barnsley 4–2 in the Division One playoff final at Wembley. It is their first win at Wembley since they won the FA Cup in 1978.
30 May 2000 – Arsenal sign Cameroon defender Lauren for £7.2 million from Mallorca.
31 May 2000 – Manchester United pay a national record fee for a goalkeeper when they sign AS Monaco and France goalkeeper Fabien Barthez for £7.8 million.
1 June 2000 – Martin O'Neill leaves Leicester City to take over as manager of Celtic. Tottenham Hotspur pay a club record £11 million for Dynamo Kiev striker Serhii Rebrov.
2 June 2000 – Chelsea equal the national transfer record (set by Alan Shearer four years ago) with a £15 million move for Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink.
14 June 2000 – Match of the Day, the longest-running and most popular football programme on British television, is set to end after next season as a result of ITV's £183 million deal to show highlights from Premier League games.
20 June 2000 – Chelsea sign Icelandic striker Eiður Guðjohnsen from Bolton Wanderers for £5 million.
Famous debutants
Ashley Cole, 18, was involved in Arsenal's League Cup tie at Middlesbrough in November 1999, with his first taste of league action following in a loan spell at Crystal Palace.
A future rival of Cole's for the England left-back slot, Nicky Shorey, 18, is brought on as substitute for Leyton Orient at Shrewsbury Town in February 2000.
Shaun Wright-Phillips helps Manchester City win at Burnley in the League Cup in August 1999, two months before his 18th birthday.
Michael Carrick makes his professional debut, for West Ham United, in the Intertoto Cup in the 1–1 draw with FC Jokerit in August 1999.
Retirements
David Hirst, 32, retired after a spell at Southampton which lasted for more than two years but was disrupted by a series of injuries.
Peter Beardsley, 38, finished his professional career on 28 October 1999 after spending 10 months at Hartlepool United, but prolonged his playing career at non-league level with Doncaster Rovers in the Football Conference until finally retiring on 30 November.
Jim Leighton, 41, who was in the English league with Manchester United as a goalkeeper from 1988 to 1992 (being first choice in his first two seasons there), finished his career in his native Scotland with Aberdeen.
Ian Wright, 36, retired at the end of the season after a four-month spell with Burnley, in which his four goals from 15 games helped them win promotion from Division Two.
Nigel Spink, 41, one of the oldest and longest serving players in the English leagues, finally retired at professional level after a three-year spell at Millwall, though he would continue at non-league level for a year as player-manager of Forest Green Rovers.
Deaths
6 July 1999: Johnny Campbell, 89, who was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, moved south of the border in 1931 to begin his professional career with Leicester City. He played 21 league games in attack over the next two years, scoring 12 goals, before transferring to Lincoln City in 1933. He managed 104 goals in 184 league games before his professional career was ended by World War II. He then continued his playing career at non-league level.
18 August 1999: Alf Kirchen, 85, was a prolific right-winger who started his career in style with 11 goals in 14 league games at Norwich City in the mid-1930s before he signed for Arsenal. He was then capped three times by England, scoring twice, and managed 38 goals in 92 league games for Arsenal before the outbreak of war. His career was ended by an injury suffered in a wartime match in 1943.
17 September 1999: Fred Avey, 90, had a promising start to his professional career with Fulham in the late 1920s, scoring 28 goals in 62 league games as a forward, but lost his place in the team and was transferred to Torquay United, playing just three league games and dropping out of league football at the age of 24.
29 September 1999: Walter Joyce, 62, played 70 league games at wing-half for Burnley between 1954 and 1964, later turning out for Blackburn Rovers and finally his hometown club Oldham Athletic before retiring from playing in 1970. He was the father of fellow footballer Warren Joyce, who played 70 league games for Burnley between 1993 and 1996 and moved into management with Hull City in November 1998.
16 October 1999: Bill Dodgin senior, 90, played at wing-half for Huddersfield Town, Lincoln City, Charlton Athletic, Bristol Rovers and Orient in the 1930s. He then managed Southampton, Fulham, Brentford and then returned to Bristol Rovers in a managerial career which stretched from 1946 to 1972, with a 13-year interval between his departure from Brentford and appointment at Bristol Rovers. His son, Bill junior, played under him at Southampton and Fulham.
27 October 1999: Johnny Byrne, 60, was a striker who played for Crystal Palace, before commanding a British transfer record fee to go to West Ham United, playing in the side that won the FA Cup and the Cup Winners' Cup in the mid-1960s. He also played for the England team, scoring 8 goals in 11 appearances, including a hattrick against a Portugal side that featured Eusébio. He later went back to Palace, then to Fulham, before rounding out his career in South Africa, with Durban City. "Budgie" would spend the rest of his life there.
1 November 1999: Dave Bickles, 55, was a full-back in the same 1960s West Ham United side. He too later played for Crystal Palace and then Colchester United before retiring from football to become a P.E. teacher in 1979. He was also a part-time coach for West Ham United.
23 December 1999:
– Stan Flashman, 69, rescued near-bankrupt non-league Barnet with a takeover deal in 1985. He made funds available to manager Barry Fry in hope of building a quality side, and this paid off with promotion to the Football League in 1991, but he had quit within two years with the club knee deep in financial problems once again. Although Flashman's rash attitude (which saw him sack and reinstate Fry eight times) made him unpopular with most Barnet fans, it is unlikely that Barnet would have experienced league football without his takeover – they could well have gone out of business.
– Billy McGlen, 78, played 122 league games at wing-half for Manchester United in the six seasons after the end of World War II. He later played for Lincoln City and Oldham Athletic.
7 January 2000: Ken Keyworth, 65, scored 63 goals in 177 league games for Leicester City after joining them from his hometown club Rotherham United, collecting a League Cup winner's medal at Filbert Street in 1964, and scoring their consolation goal in the 1963 FA Cup final defeat to Manchester United. He was also on the losing side to Tottenham Hotspur in the 1961 final. He finished his playing career with brief spells at Coventry City and Swindon Town.
30 January 2000: Martin Aldridge, 25, Blackpool striker on loan to Rushden & Diamonds, died in an Oxford hospital from injuries sustained in a car crash in Northamptonshire. He had been a fairly consistent goalscorer for Northampton Town and Oxford United earlier in his career, and was a regular striker for Oxford during their 1996–97 Division Two promotion campaign.
23 February 2000: Sir Stanley Matthews, 85, one of the greatest footballers England ever produced, died in his native Stoke-on-Trent three weeks after his 85th birthday. Despite his on-the-field brilliance, he only ever won one major trophy – the 1953 FA Cup with Blackpool. That game was dubbed 'The Matthews Final' because he had so influenced his side's dramatic recovery from almost certain defeat at the hands of Bolton Wanderers.
14 April 2000: Wilf Mannion, 81, died just a few weeks after his old England teammate Sir Stanley Matthews. Mannion had played 26 times for England in the immediate postwar years, and was a regular goalscorer for Middlesbrough at club level.
16 April 2000: Harry Clarke, 77, was ever-present in the title winning team of 1951 for Tottenham Hotspur, his only club. He played 295 league games at full-back for the North Londoners between 1949 and 1956, and won an England cap in 1954. After retiring as a player, he served the club as a coach.
9 June 2000: Shay Brennan, 63, made his Manchester United debut as a left-winger in February 1958 in the first game after the Munich air disaster, the position left vacant by the death of David Pegg and injury to Albert Scanlon. He was soon converted to a left-back and remained at United until 1970, collecting two league title medals, an FA Cup winner's medal and a European Cup winner's medal as well as playing 355 league games. Despite being born in Manchester, he qualified for play for the Republic of Ireland due to his ancestry and was capped 19 times. He later managed Waterford in the Irish leagues and lived in Ireland until his sudden death from a heart attack.
References
External links | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%E2%80%932000%20in%20English%20football |
Percival Baker (January 11, 1867 – July 19, 1921) was a farmer, church minister, and provincial politician in Alberta, Canada. He was elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta in the 1921 provincial election, however died the next day from injuries sustained weeks before.
Early life
Baker was born in York County, Ontario in 1867. He attended Kentucky University. After graduating from University he joined the ministry of the Baptist Church and served for many years. He moved to Alberta in 1908 and took up farming.
Political career and death
He ran as an Independent in the 1913 provincial election, and was defeated by Liberal incumbent William A. Campbell.
Baker became heavily involved in the United Farmers of Alberta eventually becoming Vice President for the organization.
He successfully ran in the 1921 provincial election, for the United Farmers of Alberta. Baker faced Campbell again, however this time Campbell was attempting to regain his seat, after losing it in the 1917 election to a Conservative candidate. Baker won despite being unable to campaign for the last weeks of the election, he won his district of Ponoka by a large majority. The accident that claimed his life happened about three weeks prior, on his farm, while chopping down trees.
After the accident he was transferred to the Royal Alexandra Hospital in Edmonton, and died from injuries about 24 hours after his victory was announced. Prior to his death it was speculated he would have been a member of the United Farmers governing cabinet.
Future Premier John Edward Brownlee would replace him as the representative for his electoral district. Brownlee was acclaimed in a by-election held on December 9, 1921.
Baker was a family man, at the time of his death he left behind a wife and 7 children (2 daughters and 5 sons).
References
External links
Percival Baker Roots Web
Member - Elect Ponoka died as a result of farm accident, Edmonton Journal July 20, 1921
1862 births
1921 deaths
Farmers from Alberta
People from the Regional Municipality of York
United Farmers of Alberta MLAs
Accidental deaths in Alberta
Elected officials who died without taking their seats | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percival%20Baker |
Community Consolidated School District 158 is a school district in Illinois. The district serves some nearly 9,500 students living in Huntley as well as western portions of Lake in the Hills and Algonquin and surrounding areas. The district employs over 1,400 staff members. The school district, which is one of the fastest growing in the state of Illinois, has grappled with skyrocketing enrollment and the subsequent problems associated with it for nearly a decade. The school district has transformed itself from a one elementary/one high school district as recently as 1996 to a district that as of 2006 boasts 5 elementary schools, 2 middle schools, and 1 high school on three campuses district-wide.
Innovations
The school district is famous for some of its innovations, including the campus-concept idea in which each campus has 2 elementary schools, a junior high, and a high school. Contrary to the traditional neighborhood school, this idea means that a student will usually spend their whole K-12 education on one campus and will usually have to ride the bus to school, rather than walk. The district's three campuses are each about a square quarter mile.
The district also employed a block schedule for a number of years in the late 1990s and early 2000s for its high school students, in which students would attend four 85 minute classes one day, also known as red days, and then four different classes the next day known as white days, and then back to the red day schedule the following day and so forth.
Additionally, the district has become a model for other districts for its focus and emphasis on technology in education. The district invests highly in the latest computers, software, televisions, projection equipment, digital cameras, and so forth.
The district has very good programs in arts and music, thanks in part to the Fine Arts Boosters organization.
All buildings now in use by the school district were built between 1997 and 2005. It is very rare for a district of this size and rapid growth rate to have all new buildings.
In 2012, Consolidated School District 158 implemented the "1 to 1" program, backed by Curriculum Loft. The program began at Martin Elementary, giving KUNO tablets to the students 3–5. In 2013, the "1 to 1" program expanded to include all the elementary schools in the district, assigning tablets to each student K-5. In 2014, the "1 to 1" program grew again to give middle schoolers, 6–7, Chromebooks to use in school.
In 2016, All students were given Chromebooks, getting upgrades and new chromebooks either when they break, or if they are advancing to the 1st, 3rd, 6th or 9th grades.
Controversy/Incidents
The school district has encountered plenty of controversies and incidents in recent years, including:
The changing of the high school's mascot from "Redskins" to "Red Raiders" in 2002 due to suing threats from the Native American Bar Association. This resulted in some backlash from longtime residents of the community.
The school district has also come under fire for its recent building referendums as well as a 2005 tax-increase request. All the district referendums have eventually been approved, but it has almost always taken at least two tries with voters. Some argue the district employed scare tactics about program cuts if the tax increase referendum failed, and argued the district was not handling money properly. The resignation of the Superintendent and CFO of the district in 2005 added to the speculation of problems within the district.
Additionally, the presence of nearly 10,000 new residents from the retirement community Del Webb's Sun City Huntley has given the district a new challenge, as this neighborhood has a history of largely turning down any kind of referendum, meaning that unity on the part of parents and other area residents is crucial to winning referendums.
The school district no longer uses its two original school buildings located in Huntley. They sold the former high school building to the Huntley Park District for use as a recreation center and sold the former elementary school building and athletic fields to a commercial developer who recently bulldozed everything on the property in early 2006. The district has come under criticism for failing to continue to make adequate use of these buildings or for not getting its money's worth on the deal.
On March 24, 2006, Board member Larry Snow ordered that distribution of the March issue of Huntley High School's student newspaper The Voice be halted due to an editorial critical of his activity criticizing a neighboring school district's referendum. Board President Michael Skala called an emergency meeting for Monday, March 27, 2006, to resolve the issue and decide whether or not the paper should be distributed. Likely due to public outcry over Snow's censorship of the paper and fearing lawsuits, the School District voted against Snow's censorship and allowed unabridged distribution of the paper.
During Homecoming Week in 2013, the senior class planned to dress in themes different from, but corresponding with the student-council-approved and published spirit themes. The Sunday before, the student council advisor warned that dressing outside the approved themes could result in disciplinary action. Rumors about seniors being banned from the Homecoming dance permeated the HHS Seniors Facebook page and seniors' Twitter accounts. By the end of the school day on Monday, one senior had spoken to the daily herald about the tension and Huntley's principal overruled the warning, clarifying that seniors dressing appropriately would not be disciplined.
In February 2017, a Huntley High School Student distributed highly racist pamphlets on campus grounds. The student did not face criminal charges.
In October 2017, hate crime and disorderly conduct charges were filed against a Marlowe Middle School student. Threatening and racist videos were posted on social media, but the situation was rectified without harm being done.
In May 2018, a Marlowe student sent a "troubling" message to their peers following a confrontation with staff.
In February 2019, Conley Elementary School Had an emergency evacuation due to a pipe burst, Students reportedly walked to Mackeben Elementary, The neighboring Elementary School, and spent the last 2 hours of the school day in the gymnasium of Mackeben. The pipe burst was due to a Midwest Winter, causing it to freeze, eventually bursting about 2 months after
During the 2021–2022 school year, many students at Huntley High School decided it would be funny to participate in the "devious lick" trend on TikTok. They did so by stealing various items from bathrooms (i.e. soap dispensers), as well as spreading their own feces on the walls. This led to multiple major bathrooms being closed and an urban legend of the infamous "Wall Shitter".
As a result of rising disciplinary rates and incidents involving vape usage at both local middle schools, at the start of the 2023-2024 school year, the district was forced to install Nicotine and THC detectors in the bathrooms and locker rooms of both middle schools.
Schools
Harmony Road Campus in Huntley
Huntley High School (grades 9–12)
Leggee Elementary School (grades K-5)
Reed Road Campus in Lake in the Hills
Henry Marlowe Middle School (grades 6–8)
Henry Marlowe Middle School was opened in 2005. Its school mascot is the Mustang, and the school colors are black, white, and silver.
Hannah Martin Elementary School (grades 3–5)
May Chesak Elementary School (grades K-2)
Square Barn Road Campus in Algonquin
District 158 Administration/Transportation Building
Bernice Heineman Middle School (grades 6–8)
Bernice Heineman Middle School was opened in 2005 after Huntley Middle School closed. Its mascot is the Hawk, and the school colors are silver and blue.
Marion Conley Elementary School (grades 3–5)
The school mascot is a coyote.
Mackeben Elementary School (grades K-2)
See also
Fox Valley Conference
List of school districts in Illinois
Huntley, Illinois
Algonquin, Illinois
Lake in the Hills, Illinois
References
External links
Consolidated School District 158 Old Website
District 158
Algonquin, Illinois
School districts in Kane County, Illinois
School districts in McHenry County, Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated%20School%20District%20158 |
San Pedro is a small town in the Sierra de la Laguna Mountains in La Paz Municipality near the southern end of Baja California Sur. It is located a few miles north of the junction of Highway 1 and Highway 19. It had a 2010 census population of 568 inhabitants, and is situated at an elevation of 200 meters (656 ft.) above sea level.
Both of these roads eventually lead to Cabo San Lucas, but Highway 19 goes by way of Todos Santos and then
down Pacific coast. Highway 1 goes down the Gulf of California side to San José del Cabo.
It is near the center of the Baja California Peninsula, equally distant from the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California.
References
Populated places in Baja California Sur | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Pedro%2C%20Baja%20California%20Sur |
Aldegonda Petronella Huberta Maria "Connie" Palmen (born 25 November 1955) is a Dutch author.
Palmen debuted with the novel De wetten (1990), published in the United States as The Laws (1993), translated by Richard Huijing. The Laws was shortlisted for the 1996 International Dublin Literary Award.
Her second novel was De vriendschap (1995), published in the United States as The Friendship (2000), translated by Ina Rilke. It is the story of the lifelong friendship of two girls with completely different characters.
Palmen had a relationship with Ischa Meijer in the years preceding his death in 1995. From 1999 on she lived with D66 politician Hans van Mierlo until his death on 11 March 2010. The couple married on 11 November 2009
Awards and honors
2016 Libris Prize for Jij zegt het
Published works
1991 De Wetten (1993 The Laws)
1995 De Vriendschap (2000 The Friendship)
1998 I.M.
1999 De Erfenis ("Boekenweekgeschenk")
2002 Geheel de uwe
2007 Lucifer
2015 Jij zegt het
References
1955 births
Living people
20th-century Dutch novelists
21st-century Dutch novelists
People from Roerdalen
21st-century Dutch women writers
20th-century Dutch women writers
Dutch women novelists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connie%20Palmen |
Electric Youth is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Debbie Gibson, released on January 24, 1989, by Atlantic Records. It is the highest-charting album of Gibson's career, staying at the top of the US Billboard 200 albums chart for five weeks, and reaching number 8 on the UK Albums Chart.
Composition
As with her debut album, Out of the Blue, all tracks were written by Gibson, and she single-handedly produced six of the tracks. She was also given half of the production credits on one track alongside Fred Zarr who produced the other four tracks. The album, like her first, contains mainly bubblegum-pop songs, though other, more mature styles are touched upon.
Singles
Electric Youth spawned four singles, the first being "Lost in Your Eyes," which became her second No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 and stayed there for three weeks. "Electric Youth", the album's title track, just missed the Top 10, reaching No. 11. "No More Rhyme" followed, ending its run at No. 17, and "We Could Be Together" charted at No. 71.
Commercial success
In the US, the album was certified 2× Platinum by the RIAA and sold over 4 million copies worldwide. Gibson promoted the album with "The Electric Youth World Tour" in 1989. In parallel with the album, she created an Electric Youth perfume under Revlon, and various makeup essentials for young girls through Natural Wonder Cosmetics, one of her sponsors at the time, distributed throughout the U.S.
The album also inspired an original stage musical of the same name which premiered at the Starlight Dinner Theatre (formerly Mark Two Dinner Theatre) in Orlando, Florida. Dean Parker wrote the book and Gibson co-produced.
Reissues
The album was included in the 2017 box set We Could Be Together, with seven remixes as bonus tracks.
A special four-disc digipack edition was released by Cherry Red Records on November 26, 2021. This release includes two remix CDs and a DVD containing the album's four music videos and the live video Live Around the World.
Track listing
All tracks are written by Deborah Gibson (Music Sales Corporation, ASCAP), except where indicated; all tracks are produced by Deborah Gibson, except where indicated.
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Certifications and sales
Personnel
Musicians
Debbie Gibson - lead and backing vocals, piano, keyboards, additional keyboards, drum programming
Fred Zarr - keyboards, drum programming, piano (tracks 1–3, 5, 7–8, 10–11)
Greg Savino - keyboards (track 6)
Leslie Ming - hi hat (tracks 1, 3, 8–9)
Bashiri Johnson - percussion (tracks 1–5, 7–11)
Adam Tese - percussion, saxophone (track 6)
Lou Appel - drums (tracks 5–6)
Ira Siegel - acoustic guitar, electric guitar (tracks 1, 4–5, 7–11)
Tommy Williams - electric guitar, acoustic guitar (tracks 2–3, 6)
Kirk Powers Burkhardt - bass (tracks 2-3-5-6)
Bob Osman - cello (track 8)
Jeff Smith - saxophone (tracks 1, 8)
Roger Rosenberg - flute solo (track 5)
Ed Palermo - tenor saxophone (Cadillac Horns) (tracks 8, 10)
Bud Burridge - trumpet (Cadillac Horns) (tracks 8, 10)
Matt Finders - trombone (Cadillac Horns) (tracks 8, 10)
Carrie Johnson - backing vocals (tracks 1, 3, 7–8, 10–11)
Libby Johnson - backing vocals (tracks 1, 7, 10–11)
Keeth Stewart - backing vocals (tracks 1, 9–10)
Tim Lawless - backing vocals (tracks 8, 11)
Sandra St. Victor - backing vocals (track 8)
Linda Moran - backing vocals (track 10)
Production
Debbie Gibson - arranger, mixing (tracks 1–7, 9–10)
Fred Zarr - arranger, mixing (tracks 1–3, 5, 7–8, 10–11)
Don Feinberg - recording engineer
Phil Castellano - recording engineer, mix engineer, additional engineering, mixing (tracks 2–3, 5, 8, 11)
Bill Scheniman - recording engineer (track 6)
Mario Salvatti - additional engineering (track 6)
Rich Travali - additional engineering (track 9)
Matt Malles - assistant engineer
Bill Esses - assistant engineer, additional engineering, programming engineer (tracks 1–10)
Jim Goatley - assistant engineer, assistant mix engineer (tracks 2, 5–6, 8)
Bob Rosa - mix engineer, mixing (tracks 1–2, 6–7, 9)
Bob "Bassie" Brockmann - mix engineer, mixing (tracks 4, 10)
Tom Vercillo - assistant mix engineer (tracks 1–3, 6–7, 9–11)
Chris Floberg - assistant mix engineer (tracks 3, 10–11)
David Lebowitz - assistant mix engineer (tracks 3–4, 10–11)
Diane Gibson - management
Douglas Breitbart - executive producer
Albert Watson - photography
Greg Porto - Logo Design
Fran Cooper - makeup
Kerry Warn - hair
Freddie Leiba - stylist
David Salidor - publicity
Abbe Rosenfeld - session coordinator
Howie Weinberg - mastering (Masterdisk)
References
External links
1989 albums
Debbie Gibson albums
Atlantic Records albums
Bubblegum pop albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20Youth%20%28album%29 |
Felix Bastians (born 9 May 1988) is a German professional footballer who plays as a centre-back or left-back for 3. Liga club Rot-Weiss Essen.
Club career
Early career
Bastians began his career with SG Wattenscheid 09 and VfL Bochum before moving to Borussia Dortmund. In November 2003 at 15 years old he signed for English club Nottingham Forest.
England
Bastians spent most of his time in England on the bench. He played as a defensive midfielder in the earlier stages of his career, always managing to get up for corners and head the ball goalways. Forest boss Colin Calderwood named him as an upcoming talent and already a huge asset to the club. He had a successful debut, assisting a goal in Forest's 3–2 defeat against Woking in the Football League Trophy in November 2005.
He joined Northwich Victoria on loan from Nottingham Forest in November 2006, scoring once in four appearances. He then joined Gillingham on 22 March 2007 on a loan until the end of the 2006–07 season. He made his Gillingham debut in the 5–0 away defeat to Carlisle United on 24 March 2007 and scored his first goal in a 3–2 away defeat to Rotherham United on 7 April 2007.
Bastians was part of the successful Forest reserve side who won the Pontins Holiday League Championship title for the 2006–07 season, beating Rotherham 2–0 in the play-off final, Bastians scored a number of goals throughout the season to help his side lift the title.
He joined Chesterfield on a month's loan in October 2007. He impressed in his spell at Chesterfield, scoring one goal in thirteen appearances. His loan spell there ended on 2 January 2008. Bastians signed for Notts County two days later on a month's loan. On 14 February 2008, he joined another League Two club, MK Dons, once again on a month's loan. He later returned to The Reds, but failed to earn himself a new deal at the club and was released by mutual consent by manager Colin Calderwood on 21 May 2008.
Bastians ended his forest career having played 33 games and scoring five goals in the process. He is the third youngest player ever to play for Forest, behind Gary Mills and Craig Westcarr.
Young Boys Bern
Bastians moved to Swiss Super League side Young Boys Bern in 2008. On 10 August 2008, he scored his first goal for his new team, the equaliser in a 2–1 win against Neuchâtel Xamax in front of over 16,000 supporters at the Stade de Suisse in Bern.
SC Freiburg
After just one year with Young Boys Bern he left on 7 July 2009 in order to transfer to SC Freiburg. At Freiburg, Bastians swapped his position from a winger to a defender, being mainly used as a centre back alongside Pavel Krmaš.
Hertha BSC
On 28 January 2012, Bastians completed a move to Hertha BSC which would see him there until the summer of 2016.
VfL Bochum
In June 2013, he was loaned out to Bochum. After the loan spell, Bastians returned to Hertha Berlin. On 9 October 2014, Hertha released him. On 17 November 2014, VfL Bochum announced the signing of Bastians starting 1 January 2015.
Tianjin Teda
In January 2018 he moved to Tianjin Teda in the Chinese Super League who, managed by countryman Uli Stielike whose daughter is reportedly married to Bastian's brother, paid around €1 million for his services.
International career
Bastians represented Germany at U18, U19 and U21 international levels.
Career statistics
References
External links
1988 births
Living people
Footballers from Bochum
German men's footballers
Men's association football central defenders
Men's association football fullbacks
Germany men's under-21 international footballers
Germany men's youth international footballers
English Football League players
Swiss Super League players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Regionalliga players
Chinese Super League players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Northwich Victoria F.C. players
Halifax Town A.F.C. players
Gillingham F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Milton Keynes Dons F.C. players
BSC Young Boys players
SC Freiburg players
VfL Bochum players
Hertha BSC players
Hertha BSC II players
Tianjin Jinmen Tiger F.C. players
S.K. Beveren players
Rot-Weiss Essen players
German expatriate men's footballers
German expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate men's footballers in England
German expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Expatriate men's footballers in Switzerland
German expatriate sportspeople in China
Expatriate men's footballers in China
German expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix%20Bastians |
The little black cormorant (Phalacrocorax sulcirostris) is a member of the cormorant family of seabirds. It is common in smaller rivers and lakes throughout most areas of Australia and northern New Zealand, where it is known as the little black shag. It is around sixty centimetres long, and is all black with blue-green eyes.
Taxonomy
The little black cormorant was formally described in 1837 by the German born naturalist Johann Friedrich von Brandt. He placed it in the genus Carbo and coined the binomial name Carbo sulcirostris. The species is now placed in the genus Phalacrocorax that was introduced by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760. The genus name Phalacrocorax is the Latin word for a cormorant. The specific epithet sulcirostris combines the Latin sulcus meaning "furrow" with -rostris meaning "-billed". The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. The common name in New Zealand is the little black shag.
A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2019 found that the little black cormorant was sister to the Indian cormorant. It is estimated that the two species split 2.5–3.2 million years ago during the late Pliocene.
Description
The little black cormorant is a small cormorant measuring with all black plumage. The back has a greenish sheen. In breeding season, white feathers appear irregularly about the head and neck, with a whitish eyebrow evident. The plumage is a more fade brown afterwards. Males and females are identical in plumage. The long slender bill is grey, and legs and feet black. The iris of the adult is green and the juvenile brown. Immature birds have brown and black plumage.
Distribution and habitat
The little black cormorant ranges from the Malay Peninsula through Indonesia (but excluding Sumatra) and New Guinea (including the D'Entrecasteaux Islands) and throughout Australia. It is found in New Zealand's North Island. It is a predominantly freshwater species, found in bodies of water inland and occasionally sheltered coastal areas. It is almost always encountered in or near water.
Behaviour
More gregarious than other cormorants, the little black cormorant can be found in large flocks. Groups sometimes fly in V formations.
Food and feeding
The little black cormorant feeds mainly on fish, and eats a higher proportion of fish than the frequently co-occurring little pied cormorant, which eats more decapods. A field study at two storage lakes, Lake Cargelligo and Lake Brewster, in south-western New South Wales found that the introduced common carp made up over half of its food intake.
Little black cormorants have been observed on the Wyong River, Central Coast, NSW, Australia. They feed in a pattern as a flock. Traveling in the same direction they take off from the water, flapping their wings against the water moving in the same direction for a few metres then land on the water and wait for others to land in front of them while they dive below the water to catch the scrambling fish groups. They are observed coming to the surface swallowing fish and then moving forward again. A group of cormorants can be in the hundreds and stay in a tight formation of 10 to 20 metres while moving forward.
Breeding
Breeding occurs once a year in spring or autumn in southern Australia, and before or after the monsoon in tropical regions. The nest is a small platform built of dried branches and sticks in the forks of trees that are standing in water. Nests are often located near other waterbirds such as other cormorants, herons, ibis, or spoonbills. Three to five (rarely six or seven) pale blue oval eggs measuring 48 x 32 mm are laid. The eggs are covered with a thin layer of lime, giving them a matte white coated appearance. They become increasingly stained with faeces, as does the nest, over the duration of the breeding season.
Various views and plumages
References
Further reading
little black cormorant
Birds of Australia
Birds of Malesia
Birds of New Guinea
little black cormorant | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20black%20cormorant |
Franck Esposito (born 13 April 1971 in Salon-de-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône) is a former World Record holding, and four-time Olympic, butterfly swimmer from France. He swam for France at the 1996, 2000 and 2004 Olympics; and won the bronze medal in the 200 Butterfly at the 1992 Olympics. During his career, he set the short course World Record in the 200 fly four times.
He won a total number of four European titles in long course, starting from 1991. Esposito broke the world record in the 200 m butterfly (short course) four times.
At the 1991 World Championships, he lowered the French Record in the long course 200 Fly for the first time (1:59.00). He subsequently bettered the record six more times, and as of 2013 still holds the record at 1:54.62 which he swam at the 2002 French Championships (at the time, also a European Record). He also held the French Record in the long course 100 fly from August 1993 – April 2008.
See also
Franck Esposito
References
External links
Personal website: www.franckesposito.fr
1971 births
Living people
People from Salon-de-Provence
French male butterfly swimmers
Olympic swimmers for France
Swimmers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
World record setters in swimming
Olympic bronze medalists in swimming
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
European Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for France
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for France
Swimmers at the 1993 Mediterranean Games
Swimmers at the 1997 Mediterranean Games
Swimmers at the 2001 Mediterranean Games
Goodwill Games medalists in swimming
Sportspeople from Bouches-du-Rhône
Mediterranean Games medalists in swimming
Competitors at the 1998 Goodwill Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franck%20Esposito |
Frank Esposito may refer to:
Franck Esposito (born 1971), retired Olympic swimmer
Frank Esposito (politician) (1928–2013), mayor of Norwalk, Connecticut
Frank J. Esposito (born 1941), college history professor and independent candidate for Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Esposito |
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