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Altınyayla (formerly: Dirmil) is a town in Burdur Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Altınyayla District. Its population is 3,017 (2021).
References
Populated places in Burdur Province
Altınyayla District, Burdur
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C4%B1nyayla%2C%20Burdur |
This article lists plants referenced in the Bible, ordered alphabetically by English common/colloquial name. For plants whose identities are unconfirmed or debated the most probable species is listed first. Plants named in the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible or Tenakh) are given with their Hebrew name, while those mentioned in the New Testament are given with their Greek names.
A
B–E
F–I
J–M
N–R
S
T–Z
Notes
References
Sources
Post, G.E. Bible Dictionary Contributions
Zohary, Michael (1982) Plants of the Bible. New York: Cambridge University Press.
External links
All of the Plants of the Bible
Biblical Gardens
Plants of the Bible, Missouri Botanical Garden
Project "Bibelgarten im Karton" (biblical garden in a cardboard box) of a social and therapeutic horticultural group (handicapped persons) named "Flowerpower" from Germany
List of biblical gardens in Europe
Biblical Botanical Gardens Society USA
Bible
Plants | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20plants%20in%20the%20Bible |
The Chauvenet Prize is the highest award for mathematical expository writing. It consists of a prize of $1,000 and a certificate, and is awarded yearly by the Mathematical Association of America in recognition of an outstanding expository article on a mathematical topic. The prize is named in honor of William Chauvenet and was established through a gift from J. L. Coolidge in 1925. The Chauvenet Prize was the first award established by the Mathematical Association of America. A gift from MAA president Walter B. Ford in 1928 allowed the award to be given every 3 years instead of the originally planned 5 years.
Winners
1925 G. A. Bliss
1929 T. H. Hildebrandt
1932 G. H. Hardy
1935 Dunham Jackson
1938 G. T. Whyburn
1941 Saunders Mac Lane
1944 R. H. Cameron
1947 Paul Halmos
1950 Mark Kac
1953 E. J. McShane
1956 Richard H. Bruck
1960 Cornelius Lanczos
1963 Philip J. Davis
1964 Leon Henkin
1965 Jack K. Hale & Joseph P. LaSalle
1967 Guido Weiss
1968 Mark Kac
1970 Shiing Shen Chern
1971 Norman Levinson
1972 Jean Francois Treves
1973 Carl D. Olds
1974 Peter D. Lax
1975 Martin Davis and Reuben Hersh
1976 Lawrence Zalcman
1977 W. Gilbert Strang
1978 Shreeram S. Abhyankar
1979 Neil J. A. Sloane
1980 Heinz Bauer
1981 Kenneth I. Gross
1982 No award given.
1983 No award given.
1984 R. Arthur Knoebel
1985 Carl Pomerance
1986 George Miel
1987 James H. Wilkinson
1988 Steve Smale
1989 Jacob Korevaar
1990 David Allen Hoffman
1991 W. B. Raymond Lickorish and Kenneth C. Millett
1992 Steven G. Krantz
1993 David H. Bailey, Jonathan M. Borwein and Peter B. Borwein
1994 Barry Mazur
1995 Donald G. Saari
1996 Joan Birman
1997 Tom Hawkins
1998 Alan Edelman and Eric Kostlan
1999 Michael I. Rosen
2000 Don Zagier
2001 Carolyn S. Gordon and David L. Webb
2002 Ellen Gethner, Stan Wagon, and Brian Wick
2003 Thomas C. Hales
2004 Edward B. Burger
2005 John Stillwell
2006 Florian Pfender & Günter M. Ziegler
2007 Andrew J. Simoson
2008 Andrew Granville
2009 Harold P. Boas
2010 Brian J. McCartin
2011 Bjorn Poonen
2012 Dennis DeTurck, Herman Gluck, Daniel Pomerleano & David Shea Vela-Vick
2013 Robert Ghrist
2014 Ravi Vakil
2015 Dana Mackenzie
2016 Susan Marshall & Donald R. Smith
2017 Mark Schilling
2018 Daniel J. Velleman
2019 Tom Leinster
2020 Vladimir Pozdnyakov, J. Michael Steele
2021 Travis Kowalski
2022 William Dunham, Ezra Brown & Matthew Crawford
Source: Mathematical Association of America
See also
List of mathematics awards
References
Awards established in 1925
Awards of the Mathematical Association of America | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauvenet%20Prize |
Bucak (literally "sheltered nook" or "corner" in Turkish) is a town in Burdur Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Bucak District. Its population is 45,865 (2021), making it the second-most populous municipality of Burdur Province. It was formerly named "Oğuzhan"; the name was changed on 30 May 1926. It is said that the name Oğuzhan came from the Oghuz Turks who settled in this town.
Bucak has good connections to other parts of Turkey. Antalya lies 75 km to the south, Isparta 70 km to northeast and Burdur 40 km to the northwest. Neighbouring towns include Çeltikçi and Ağlasun to the north and Kemer to the west.
A few historic buildings and houses remain, but most of the buildings are modern. There are several historic sites remaining in the district, such as the ancient Cremna and Milyos and the Seljuk-era caravanserais of İncirhan and Susuz Kervansaray.
There are many marble resources around Bucak, and many of the inhabitants deal with marble, which is processed in the marble factories located around Bucak. The processed marble is exported all over the world.
Many entrepreneurs from Bucak have built high schools and educational institutions, including Bucak Hikmet Tolunay Vocational Institute, Bucak Zeliha Tolunay Practical Technology and Business Faculty, Bucak Adem Tolunay Science High School, and Mehmet Cadıl Anatolian Teacher Training High School.
Sister cities
Krotoszyn, Poland
References
Populated places in Bucak District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucak%2C%20Burdur |
Çeltikçi is a town in Burdur Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Çeltikçi District. Its population is 2,002 (2021).
References
Populated places in Burdur Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Çeltikçi District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87eltik%C3%A7i |
Karamanlı can refer to:
Karamanlı, Burdur, Turkey
Karamanlı, Çivril, Turkey
Karamanli Turkish, a dialect of Turkish language
See also
Karamanlis (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karamanl%C4%B1 |
Gölhisar (literal translation: "lake castle") is a town in Burdur Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Gölhisar District. Its population is 16,118 (2021).
History
During antiquity Golhisar was site of an ancient city called Kibyra, the capital of a tetrapolis comprising Kiyra itself, Bubon, Balbura and Inuanda, which according to Herodotus were founded by the Pisidians around 1000BC, Roman ruins including a 180 meter wide theater can be still seen. In the Byzantine era the town was the seat of a Christian Bishopric.
Ibn Battuta visited the small town of Qul Hisar, noting "There is no way to reach it except by a path like a bridge constructed between the rushes and the water, and broad enough only for one horse-man."
Gölhisar became a district on January 13, 1953 with the merger of Uluköy and Horzum Districts. It got its name from the fortress built on the island in the middle of the lake, 6 km from the district.
See also
Kibyra
References
Populated places in Burdur Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Gölhisar District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6lhisar |
Kemer is a town in Burdur Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Kemer District. Its population is 1,456 (2021).
History
The former name of the village was Bebekler.
References
Populated places in Burdur Province
Kemer District, Burdur
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemer%2C%20Burdur |
Gyeongnam FC (Hangul: 경남 FC) is a South Korean professional football club based in South Gyeongsang Province that competes in the K League 2, the second tier of South Korean football. Its home stadium is the Changwon Football Center, located in Changwon. Gyeongnam FC was founded in 2006 and joined the K League as its 14th club for the 2006 season.
History
Gyeongnam FC finished in twelfth place in the 2006 K League, their first-ever participation in the top flight, and achieved third place in the Hauzen Cup. Under the manager Park Hang-seo, the club then finished fourth in the 2007 K League, but were defeated by the Pohang Steelers after a penalty shoot-out in the first round of the play-offs. Cabore became that season's K League top scorer with 18 goals in 26 matches, but left for FC Tokyo after the season.
Before the start of the 2008 season, Cho Kwang-rae was appointed as manager. The team signed Seo Sang-min and Brazilian attacking midfielder Índio, who filled the gap left by Cabore. The team failed to reach the play-off by losing to Jeonbuk Motors in the last match of the 2008 K League. However, they reached the 2008 Korean FA Cup final thanks to Kim Dong-chan's continuous scoring, including a hat-trick in the semi-final, but were defeated by the Pohang Steelers, thus failing to enter the AFC Champions League. In 2010, Gyeongnam FC moved from the Changwon Civil Stadium to Changwon Football Center.
In 2014, Gyeongnam FC was relegated to the second-tier K League Challenge after finishing the 2014 season in eleventh place, and then losing in the relegation play-offs against Gwangju FC. The team then spent three seasons in the second division, before winning the 2017 K League Challenge and thus achieving promotion back to the top tier. In their first season after coming back, Gyeongnam FC finished in second place, their highest-ever finish in K League, and therefore qualified for the 2019 AFC Champions League. However, the following season, they finished eleventh and were again relegated back to the second division. Manager Kim Jong-boo resigned as a result, and was replaced by Seol Ki-hyeon.
Players
Current squad
Out on loan
Captains
Former players
For details on former players, see :Category:Gyeongnam FC players.
Coaching staff
Honours
League
K League 1
Runners-up (1): 2018
K League 2
Winners (1): 2017
Cup
FA Cup
Runners-up (2): 2008, 2012
Season-by-season records
AFC Champions League record
All results (home and away) list Gyeongnam's goal tally first.
Managerial history
References
External links
Association football clubs established in 2006
K League 2 clubs
Football clubs in South Gyeongsang Province
2006 establishments in South Korea
K League 1 clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeongnam%20FC |
Çavdır is a town in Burdur Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Çavdır District. Its population is 4,950 (2021).
References
Populated places in Çavdır District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87avd%C4%B1r |
Tefenni is a town in Burdur Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Tefenni District. Its population is 7,381 (2021). It consists of 10 quarters: Kır, Yenice, Yokuş, Zafer, Esentepe, Eceköy, Eşeler, Fatih, Pazar and Göktürk.
References
External links
District municipality's official website
Populated places in Tefenni District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tefenni |
TEK is an email-based search engine developed by the TEK project at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The search engine enables users to search the Web using only email. It is intended to be used by people with low internet connectivity (for example, high-priced internet connection and low bandwidth connection in developing countries).
TEK stands for "Time Equals Knowledge"; the search engine compensates the searching availability to the time needed for searching. To perform a web search, a user sends a query via email to a server (which is located at MIT). The server then performs the search using existing search engines, downloads actual pages, and emails a subset of those pages back to the user.
References
Levison L, Thies B, Amarasinghe S. The TEK Search Engine. Development by design workshop, MIT, Boston, MA. July 2001. http://tek.sourceforge.net/papers/tek-dyd01.pdf
External links
TEK Project
Internet search engines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEK%20search%20engine |
In statistics, a latent class model (LCM) relates a set of observed (usually discrete) multivariate variables to a set of latent variables. It is a type of latent variable model. It is called a latent class model because the latent variable is discrete. A class is characterized by a pattern of conditional probabilities that indicate the chance that variables take on certain values.
Latent class analysis (LCA) is a subset of structural equation modeling, used to find groups or subtypes of cases in multivariate categorical data. These subtypes are called "latent classes".
Confronted with a situation as follows, a researcher might choose to use LCA to understand the data: Imagine that symptoms a-d have been measured in a range of patients with diseases X, Y, and Z, and that disease X is associated with the presence of symptoms a, b, and c, disease Y with symptoms b, c, d, and disease Z with symptoms a, c and d.
The LCA will attempt to detect the presence of latent classes (the disease entities), creating patterns of association in the symptoms. As in factor analysis, the LCA can also be used to classify case according to their maximum likelihood class membership.
Because the criterion for solving the LCA is to achieve latent classes within which there is no longer any association of one symptom with another (because the class is the disease which causes their association), and the set of diseases a patient has (or class a case is a member of) causes the symptom association, the symptoms will be "conditionally independent", i.e., conditional on class membership, they are no longer related.
Model
Within each latent class, the observed variables are statistically independent. This is an important aspect. Usually the observed variables are statistically dependent. By introducing the latent variable, independence is restored in the sense that within classes variables are independent (local independence). We then say that the association between the observed variables is explained by the classes of the latent variable (McCutcheon, 1987).
In one form, the latent class model is written as
where is the number of latent classes and are the so-called recruitment
or unconditional probabilities that should sum to one. are the
marginal or conditional probabilities.
For a two-way latent class model, the form is
This two-way model is related to probabilistic latent semantic analysis and non-negative matrix factorization.
Related methods
There are a number of methods with distinct names and uses that share a common relationship. Cluster analysis is, like LCA, used to discover taxon-like groups of cases in data. Multivariate mixture estimation (MME) is applicable to continuous data, and assumes that such data arise from a mixture of distributions: imagine a set of heights arising from a mixture of men and women. If a multivariate mixture estimation is constrained so that measures must be uncorrelated within each distribution, it is termed latent profile analysis. Modified to handle discrete data, this constrained analysis is known as LCA. Discrete latent trait models further constrain the classes to form from segments of a single dimension: essentially allocating members to classes on that dimension: an example would be assigning cases to social classes on a dimension of ability or merit.
As a practical instance, the variables could be multiple choice items of a political questionnaire. The data in this case consists of a N-way contingency table with answers to the items for a number of respondents. In this example, the latent variable refers to political opinion and the latent classes to political groups. Given group membership, the conditional probabilities specify the chance certain answers are chosen.
Application
LCA may be used in many fields, such as: collaborative filtering, Behavior Genetics and Evaluation of diagnostic tests.
References
External links
Statistical Innovations, Home Page, 2016. Website with latent class software (Latent GOLD 5.1), free demonstrations, tutorials, user guides, and publications for download. Also included: online courses, FAQs, and other related software.
The Methodology Center, Latent Class Analysis, a research center at Penn State, free software, FAQ
John Uebersax, Latent Class Analysis, 2006. A web-site with bibliography, software, links and FAQ for latent class analysis
Classification algorithms
Latent variable models
Market research
Market segmentation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent%20class%20model |
Yeşilova is a town in Burdur Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Yeşilova District. Its population is 5,451 (2021).
References
Populated places in Burdur Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Yeşilova District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%C5%9Filova |
Tell Tamer (, or Til Temir, ) also known as Tal Tamr or Tal Tamir, is a town in western al-Hasakah Governorate, northeastern Syria. It is the administrative center of the Tell Tamer Subdistrict consisting of 13 municipalities.
Originally built and inhabited by Assyrians of the Upper Tyari tribe in the late 1930s, the town is now predominantly populated by Kurds or Arabs, with Assyrians remaining a substantial minority of about 20%. At the 2004 census, Tell Tamer had a population of 7,285.
Located on the Khabur River at an intersection between the M4 Highway (Aleppo–Mosul) and the major road between al-Hasakah and Diyarbakır (Turkey), the town is a transport hub of major importance.
Etymology
The name of the town, "Tell Tamer", is derived from the Arabic and Aramaic words "tell/tella", both meaning "hill", and "tamer/tamra", both meaning "date". The name of the town therefore means "Hill of Dates".
Geography
In the Khabur Valley of Upper Mesopotamia, Tell Tamer is situated on the left (eastern) bank of Khabur River, just south of the small Zirgan River's estuary. About to the east, the landscape ascends to the Ard al-Shaykh volcanic basalt plateau.
Tell Tamer lies on a direct line between the city of Ras al-Ayn some to the northwest and the provincial capital al-Hasakah some to the southeast. The intersection with the M4 highway (Aleppo–Mosul) and the nearby river crossing make Tell Tamer an essential transport hub.
History
It was settled in the 1930s by Iraqi Assyrian refugees fleeing the Simele massacre in Iraq, who moved to French controlled Syria and settled in a 25 km stretch of the Khabur River in 35 settlements.
Civil War
An Assyrian exodus from the town began in November 2012, when Free Syrian Army soldiers threatened to invade the town. The exodus further continued when the Islamic State took control of nearby roads just outside the town.
In October 2013, four Assyrians were stopped while driving in a car and kidnapped by IS.
According to the Syriac International News Agency, in May 2014, ISIL attacked an Assyrian village, which prompted the Assyrians to call the Kurdish YPG to help protect them.
Since IS militants captured the city of Raqqa, some Assyrians from there and from Al-Thawrah fled to Tell Tamer as refugees. However, more than 500 Assyrian families have also fled the town. Many Assyrians from the town emigrated mainly to the United States, Europe and Canada.
In February 2015 the town was taken by the Islamic State militia, resulting in the abduction of about 90 residents. during the al-Hasakah offensive. Several thousand residents fled the city, mostly to the city of al-Hasakah.
On 23 February 2015, IS kidnapped around 220 Assyrians from villages surrounding Tell Tamer, and by 26 February, that number had increased to 350. On 1 March, IS released 19 of the kidnapped Assyrians. On 24 March 5 more Assyrian hostages were released, raising the number of released Assyrian hostages to 24.
On 11 December 2015, three truck bombs killed 60 people and injured more than 80.
On 14 October 2019, the Syrian army deployed to Tell Tamer after the Syrian Government reached an agreement with the SDF.
Demographics
Its original inhabitants are Assyrians from the Upper Tyari tribe, who came to the area from Hakkari region in Turkey via Iraq. As late as the 1960s, they still comprised virtually the entire population of the town. The majority of the town's modern population is composed of Arabs and Kurds, while local Assyrian leaders in the 1990s estimated their own community's presence in the town to be around 20%.
Historical population estimates are as follows: 1,244 (1936); 1,250 (1960); 2,994 (1981); 5,030 (1993); 5,216 (1994); 5,405 (1995).
The pre-war scholarly estimates actually placed the total number of Assyrians belonging to the Assyrian Church of the East living all over of Syria at around 30,000 individuals, with between 15,000 and 20,000 (i.e., 2/3, at most) of them living along the Khabur.
Religion
The Assyrian "Church of Our Lady", located in the Old Town, at a prominent place near the actual Tell (hill), serves as the center of the Assyrian community. In the early 1980s the original church built of mud-brick in the 1930s was broken down and replaced by a new Italianate-style building. A large green-domed brick mosque built in the 1970s serves the growing Muslim community just to the south of the town center.
Notable people
Adwar Mousa, prominent Assyrian singer-songwriter.
Juliana Jendo, prominent Assyrian singer.
Omar Souleyman, prominent Arab singer.
See also
List of Assyrian settlements
References
Literature
External links
http://www.aina.org/articles/asotk.pdf
http://www.aina.org/maps/khaburmap.htm
Assyrian communities in Syria
Kidnapping in Syria
Upper Mesopotamia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell%20Tamer |
For the 2021 Eastercon called ConFusion, see Eastercon#Future Eastercons
ConFusion is an annual science fiction convention and was founded back in 1974 by a University of Michigan science fiction club known as the Stilyagi Air Corps and is currently run by the Ann Arbor Science Fiction Association a not-for-profit group. Typically, it is held during the third weekend of January. It is the oldest science fiction convention in Michigan, a regional, general SF con similar to Windycon and Lunacon. The programming consists of panels on science fiction and fantasy literature, media, science, fandom, art, comics, music, costuming, etc. with discussions by authors, scientists, fans, and artists. There is a large music track, board and roleplaying games, KidFusion — a track of programming specifically for kids — and a masquerade or costume contest.
ConFusion has a consuite, as well as room parties hosted by other conventions, WorldCon bids, and local clubs.
History
The Ann Arbor Relax-i-con was founded in 1974. Based on its success, the Stilyagi Air Corps named the new convention "Condom" as a takeoff of the word "fandom." The chairman, Ro Nagey, was absent for the meeting about the name change and convinced them to use the name 'ConFusion' instead. The name turned out to be prophetic as the first science Guest of Honor was the owner of local technology spin-off company KMS Fusion.
Because the first con run by the organization was not actually named ConFusion, they are generally counted starting with ConFusion 13 in 1975 or with the A Squared Relax-I-Con(one of many intentionally confusing names voted on by the membership). The 1980 con was aptly named Confusion 6 &/or 7, and ConFusion XXX in 2004 could be considered the 30th convention of that name, or 31st Stilyagi con.
The Stilyagi Air Corps, named after a group in Robert A. Heinlein's The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, is a loose, informal group, lifetime membership is free for anyone interested in Science Fiction who attends a single Stilyagi party, meeting, or event. The sponsoring organization, AASFA, is a Michigan nonprofit corporation board elected from Stilyagi who have volunteered to work on running ConFusion.
Years of ConFusion
References
metrotimes article on ConFusion 31
List of past years' ConFusion titles, Conchairs, and Guests of Honor
History of Stilyagi and ConFusion
External links
Stilyagi Air Corps website
Science fiction conventions in the United States
Recurring events established in 1974
Culture of Ann Arbor, Michigan
Conventions in Michigan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ConFusion |
Once in a Blue Moon may refer to:
Film and television
Once in a Blue Moon (1935 film), an American film directed by Ben Hecht
Once in a Blue Moon (1995 film), a Canadian children's adventure film
Once in a Blue Moon (2011 film) or A Ghost of a Chance, a Japanese film directed by Kōki Mitani
Once in a Blue Moon: A Celebration of Australian Musicals, a 1994 Australian television special
"Once in a Blue Moon" (Charmed), a television episode
Literature
Once in a Blue Moon (comics), a 2004 graphic novel by Nunzio DeFilippis and Christina Weir
Once in a Blue Moon (stories), a 2003 story collection by Magnus Mills
Music
Albums
Once in a Blue Moon (Fool's Garden album) or the title song, 1993
Once in a Blue Moon (Frankie Miller album), 1973
Once in a Blue Moon (Phil Beer Band album), 2001
Once in a Blue Moon (University of Texas Jazz Orchestra album) or the title song, 2000
Once in a Blue Moon: A Celebration of Australian Musicals, a soundtrack album from the 1994 Australian television special
Once in a Blue Moon, by Mabel Mercer, 1958
Songs
"Once in a Blue Moon" (song), by Earl Thomas Conley, 1986
"Once in a Blue Moon", by Lighthouse Family from the album Postcards from Heaven, 1997
"Once in a Blue Moon", by Sydney Forest from the soundtrack album Simply Irresistible, 1999
"Once in a Blue Moon", from the musical Summer Rain, 1983
See also
Once in a Very Blue Moon, a 1984 album by Nanci Griffith, or its title song
Blue moon, a lunar event that gave rise to the expression | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once%20in%20a%20Blue%20Moon |
Hizan (; ) is a town in Bitlis Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Hizan District. Its population is 12,409 (2021).
The town is populated by Kurds of the Bekiran tribe.
History
Hizan is located in the valley of the Gindig Su, a tributary of the Botan River. In this area, the Gindig Su generally flows from north to south, but its course is very snaky and "often deflected by the butts of the mountain crests". Its valley is steep and rocky and, at least historically, covered with oak trees. This area, along with the neighboring district of Müküs, formed part of the ancient province of Moxoene. The Hizan district was historically somewhat remote and isolated - especially the side valleys of tributary streams, which are separated from each other by mountains and historically formed a place for Christian monasteries. However, during the middle ages, some caravan traffic passed through the valley as an alternative to the Bitlis pass. The route came from Siirt, crossed the ridge on the valley's west side, and then reached the old town of Hizan before then branching in two - the main route went northwest to the Güzel Dere ("beautiful creek"), while a side route went east to the Müküs valley.
Eski Hizan, the old site of Hizan, is located at the opening of one of the side valleys. The site is now occupied by the village of Sirmaçek. The old town walls are 230 m from east to west and 200 m from north to south; immediately below the north wall is a ravine which would have determined the shape of the fortifications. The rectangular shape may indicate an ancient Roman foundation (or re-foundation of an earlier site), during the period from 298 to 363 when they controlled Moxoene. Most of the walls and towers, however, date from much later, probably from the 15th-16th centuries. The walls are still standing to their original height on most of the south and west sides, but on the north side only the foundations remain.
Beginning in perhaps the mid-13th century, Hizan was the capital of a Kurdish emirate. Probably during the 15th and 16th centuries, the emirs had the resources to undertake a rebuilding of the town's fortifications. Also around this time, the emir Dawud had the town's medrese built. Located at the center of the old town, the medrese is now used as a hospital and morgue.
At the beginning of the Ottoman rule of Hizan, the town served as an imperial mint. Some of the town's fortifications were also built during this time.
Government
In the local elections in March 2019, Cezail Aktaş from the Felicity Party (SP) was elected mayor.
Education
In the district exists the Hizan Public Education Center, where several courses are offered.
Curfews
In the villages of the district, several curfews were announced and imposed by the Governor of Bitlis Province.
Demographics
In 1895 the district of Hizan counted dozens of Armenian villages. The majority of the Christian Armenian population was either killed or forced to convert to Islam, according to the Catholikos of Aghtamar. In the records of the Ottoman Government, in 1914 the population was 70% Muslim and 30% Christian. The Christian population may have been underestimated by the Ottoman authorities and the actual proportion could be over 50%. On the eve of the First World War, the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople recorded 8,207 Armenians in 76 localities in the kaza, with 48 churches, ten monasteries and 14 schools. In 1915, the nahiye of Sparkert (today Sağınlı and Sürücüler) had a population of 4,000, including 2,600 Armenians, maintaining the monasteries of Bazenits (Bazmenits), Surb Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God), Geghis, Surb Kirakos, Surb Gevorg of Shirin (Surb Skavarak), Sorva, Surb Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God; Nzar). According to Russian brigadier general Vladimir Teofilovich Mayevski, many Armenians in Hizan didn't speak Armenian but Kurdish.
Climate
Notable people
Badh ibn Dustak (died 991), Kurdish tribal leader and Founder of the Marwanid Dynasty
Xelîlê Sêrtî (1754-1843), Kurdish mullah and author most known for his contributions to the Kurdish madrasas.
Said Nursî (1877-1960), Sunni-Muslim Kurdish theologian
Kâmran İnan (1929-2015), Politician
Suat Kaya (1999*), Footballer
References
Populated places in Bitlis Province
Hizan District
District municipalities in Turkey
Kurdish settlements in Bitlis Province
Former Armenian communities in Bitlis Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizan |
Mutki (, ) is a town in Bitlis Province, Turkey. It is the seat of Mutki District. Its population is 2,294 (2021). The current mayor is Vahdettin Barlak (AKP).
Demographics
On the eve of the First World War, the kaza of Mutki had more than 70 settlements, with mixed Armenian–Kurdish populations. According to the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, in 1914 there were 5,469 Armenians in 27 settlements of the kaza, with 26 churches, four monasteries, and one school.
The city is home to many crypto-Armenians. They formed the Mutki Armenians Solidarity Association ().
Notable people
Zaro Aga, longest living Kurdish Man (disputed)
References
Sources
External links
Website of the Municipality of Mutki
Populated places in Bitlis Province
Mutki District
District municipalities in Turkey
Kurdish settlements in Turkey
Former Armenian communities in Bitlis Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutki |
The 23rd Hussars was a cavalry regiment of the British Army raised during World War II and in existence from 1940 to 1946. It had no lineal connection with the earlier 23rd Regiment of (Light) Dragoons (1794–1802).
History
The regiment was raised in December 1940 from a cadre of personnel taken from the 10th Royal Hussars (Prince of Wales's Own) and the 15th/19th The King's Royal Hussars. It was assigned to 29th Armoured Brigade of 11th Armoured Division.
The 11th Armoured Division landed in France in June 1944, taking heavy casualties in the Battle of Normandy. It spearheaded Operation Epsom, reaching the Odon river between Mouen and Mondrainville. It was embroiled in Operation Goodwood, where its assault on Bourguébus Ridge on the first day was brought to a halt. After Goodwood, the losses of armour within the division were so high that the 24th Lancers were disbanded and its remnants absorbed by the 23rd Hussars. The Regiment then took part in Operation Bluecoat, intended to secure the key road junction of Vire and the high ground of Mont Pinçon, which would allow the American exploitation of their breakout on the western flank of the Normandy beachhead. The 11th Armoured Division was subsequently attached to XXX Corps, which captured Flers, Putanges and Argentan in the battle of the Falaise pocket.
Once the Falaise pocket was sealed, the Regiment remained with the 11th Armoured Division as it liberated L'Aigle on 23 August. It crossed the Seine on 28 August and, after an advance of 60 miles in one day, liberated Amiens on 1 September and Antwerp on 4 September. It was not directly involved in the ground actions of Operation Market Garden, but covered the right flank of the advancing XXX Corps.
It was in reserve, being re-equipped with Comet tanks, at the time of the Ardennes Offensive, but was rapidly deployed into a defensive line along the Meuse with its old tanks. In 1945, it took part in Operations Veritable and Blockbuster and liberated Bergen-Belsen concentration camp before crossing the Elbe and capturing Lübeck. It was disbanded at the end of January 1946.
Battle honours
The Second World War: The Odon, Bourguébus Ridge, Le Perier Ridge, Amiens 1944, Antwerp, Venraij, Venlo Pocket, Ourthe, North-West Europe 1944-45
Notable members
John Addison, film music composer
Cecil Blacker, later Adjutant-General to the Forces
John da Cunha, barrister and later judge. Part of the British delegation to the Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal
Sir Alan Glyn, Member of Parliament
References
Sources
Cavalry regiments of the British Army
Hussar regiments of the British Army
Military units and formations established in 1940
Hussars 023
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd%20Hussars |
Aydıntepe is a small town in Bayburt Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Aydıntepe District. Its population is 3,239 (2021). The mayor is Haşim Şentürk (MHP).
The ancient Aydıntepe underground city, situated beneath the town, and stretching over , is a visitor attraction.
References
Populated places in Bayburt Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Aydıntepe District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayd%C4%B1ntepe |
Demirözü is a town in Bayburt Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Demirözü District. Its population is 3,771 (2021). The mayor is Arslan Gürer (AKP).
References
Populated places in Bayburt Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Demirözü District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demir%C3%B6z%C3%BC |
Beşiri (, ) is a town and seat of the Beşiri District in the Batman Province of Turkey. Its population is 11,120 (2021). It was originally a village of Diyarbakır Province, it later became a district of Siirt Province and finally in 1990 a district of Batman. The mayor is Sait Karabulut (AKP), elected in 2019.
The town is divided into the neighborhoods of Bağdu, Behrem, Cumhuriyet (), Kobin, Mehmet Yatkın and Milli Egemenlik.
Demographics
The Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople recorded 5,038 Armenians in the kaza before the First World War. They spoke Kurdish and had 15 churches and 14 schools. 200 Syriacs lived in the town and 4,690 more in 27 surrounding villages. The vast majority of the Armenians and Syriacs were massacred during the late Ottoman genocides.
Notable residents
İsmail Özden
References
Populated places in Batman Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Beşiri District
Kurdish settlements in Batman Province
Assyrian communities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be%C5%9Firi |
The Pinheiros River () is a tributary of the Tietê River that runs through the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Until 1920, the river was known as Jurubatuba. After being channelized its name was changed to Pinheiros. In southern São Paulo the Pinheiros River is impounded in Billings Reservoir.
Origin
In colonial times, the Pinheiros River was called Jurubatuba, which in the Tupi language means "place with many jerivás palm trees." It came to be called the Pinheiros River by the Jesuits in 1560, when they created an indigenous village called Pinheiros. It was called that because of the large amount of Araucaria (or Brazilian pines) that covered the region. The main road that gave access to the village was Caminho de Pinheiros, which is today Rua da Consolação.
Geography
The Pinheiros river receives the following tributaries: Jaguaré stream, Pirajuçara river, Poá stream, Belini stream, Corujas stream, Verde stream, Iguatemi stream, Sapateiro stream, Uberaba stream, Traição stream, Água Espraiada stream (Jabaquara), Morro do S stream, Ponte Baixa stream, Zavuvus stream and Olaria stream. The sources of these streams are partly in São Paulo, partly in the municipality of Taboão da Serra and partly in the municipality of Embu das Artes.
Human usage
From 1926 onwards, the river housed sports clubs on its banks, with swimming races and nautical regattas. Pumping stations generated an abundance of cheap energy, capable of supporting the industrialization of the State.
In 1957, the Jurubatuba branch of the Sorocabana Railway was inaugurated, which is now known as Line 9 of the São Paulo Metropolitan Trains.
In 1970, on both banks of the river, Marginal Pinheiros opened, which as an expressway for traffic. However, with so many environmental changes due to human expansion, the riparian forests along the banks of the river dwindled and natural vegetation became extinct. In the small remaining strip of land, power transmission lines, interceptors and sewage outfalls, oil pipelines, telecommunications cables, rainwater galleries and service roads were installed for desilting operations. The Pinheiros River began to receive domestic sewage and industrial waste, which ended up compromising the quality of its waters and the survival of local fauna.
See also
Tributaries of the Río de la Plata
References
Rivers of São Paulo (state)
Tributaries of the Tietê | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinheiros%20River |
Nicolae Constantin Dică (; born 9 May 1980) is a Romanian professional football manager and former player.
Deployed as an attacking midfielder or a forward, Dică was known for his incisive passing, long balls and spectacular finishes. He played professionally in four countries, but spent most of his career in his native Romania representing Dacia Mioveni, Argeș Pitești, FCSB, CFR Cluj and Viitorul Constanța. He was a Romanian international for seven years, and was selected for the UEFA Euro 2008.
Since his retirement as a player, Dică has had several stints as either an assistant, a caretaker or a head coach at his former club FCSB. He also managed Argeș Pitești and was an assistant at the Romania national team.
Club career
Dacia Pitești
Dică started playing professional football when he was 18 years old at a local team Dacia Pitești.
In his first season, Dică played in 17 games and scored 5 times for Dacia. In the second, he became a first team player and had a very good season, with Dacia finishing fourth in the Romanian Divizia B. He was one of the top scorers in the league that season with 14 goals.
Argeș Pitești
Dică was seen as an upcoming talent and the local Divizia A club, FC Argeș Pitești, signed him in 2000. He made his debut for FC Argeș Pitești in a 2–1 win against Gaz Metan Mediaș. He was soon awarded the captain's armband after the transfers of Adrian Mutu to Dinamo București and Adrian Neaga to Steaua București.
Steaua București
Romanian giants Steaua București paid €250,000 to sign him from Argeș Pitești in December 2003. He was transferred to Steaua after the recommendation of Victor Pițurcă and Mihai Stoica.
He made his debut in Europe in the 2004–05 UEFA Cup season, when Steaua eliminated previous winners Valencia, en route to the Round of 16, where they were knocked out by another Spanish side Villarreal.
In 2005 after Dică lost the chance to play in the UEFA Champions League, due to Steaua being eliminated by Rosenborg BK, he had another successful season in the UEFA Cup. The Bucharest club defeated the likes of Lens, Heereenven, Real Betis and their Romanian rivals Rapid București, on their way to the UEFA CUP semi-final, where they were eliminated by English Premier League club, Middlesbrough.
On 13 September 2006, Dică scored twice in the 4–1 away win against Dynamo Kyiv in Steaua București's opening game in the UEFA Champions League, this being his first ever appearance in said tournament. He went on to score four goals and add one assist in six games against group opponents, Dynamo Kiev, Real Madrid, and Olympique Lyonnais. After his performances in the Champions League, the daily newspaper Gazeta Sporturilor gave the Romanian Footballer of the Year 2006 award to Dică.
On 23 January 2007, he suffered a knee injury while playing in a friendly against AC Siena, and missed most of the season.
On 9 May, for his birthday, Dică returned to the team and was introduced in the late stages of the 2–0 victory against Ceahlăul Piatra Neamț. This was his first official game in 2007.
Catania
On 28 June 2008, Dică moved to Catania, mainly due to the desire of his former Steaua coach, Walter Zenga. He was expected to replace midfielder Juan Manuel Vargas who moved to ACF Fiorentina, but ended up being a flop, taking part in just 93 minutes of play during his first six months with Palermo. Although it seemed almost certain that he would leave during the January transfer market, coach Walter Zenga kept him at Catania until the end of the Serie A season.
In June 2009, Iraklis signed Dică on loan from Calcio Catania. He made his competitive debut on 23 August 2009 and scored twice in a 2–1 win over Panthrakikos.
In January 2010, CFR Cluj signed the midfielder on loan from Catania until June 2010. He won the Liga I and the Romanian Cup with them, scoring his first goal in a 2–1 victory against Dinamo București in the second leg of the Cup semi-final.
In July 2010, Manisaspor signed the midfielder on loan from Catania until June 2011. He rarely made it to the first team and then, on 14 December 2010, he agreed to cancel his contract with Manisaspor.
Later years
In January 2011, Dică signed a one-year contract with his former team, Steaua București. He made his debut for the club, on 27 February 2011, in a 1–0 win at Universitatea Craiova. On 5 April, he scored his first goal after his return to Steaua in a 5–0 home win over Unirea Urziceni. On 11 May, Dică scored the equalizer against AS Brașov, which sent Steaua through to the Romanian Cup final. On 25 May, Dică scored from a trademark free kick in a 2–1 victory over rivals Dinamo București, and won his second consecutive Romanian cup.
In May 2011, Dică joined Liga I side Dacia Mioveni. He received the number 80 jersey. On 31 October, Dică scored a goal in a 3–1 defeat to Concordia Chiajna. In January 2012, after fifteen games for the Liga I squad, he terminated his contract with Mioveni.
Later that month he signed a one and a half year contract with Liga II side Viitorul Constanța. At the end of the 2011–12 season, Viitorul earned promotion to the Liga I, in part due to Dică's performances, who scored six goals in the second half of the season.
International career
On 11 October 2003, Dică made his debut for the Romania national team in a friendly game against Japan. He scored his first goal in August 2006, in a friendly game against Cyprus and amassed a total of 32 appearances for Romania.
Managerial career
On 15 May 2017, it was announced that Nicolae Dică will be the manager of Steaua București for the 2017–18 season. He went undefeated in his first ten games in all competitions before losing to Portuguese club Sporting CP, in the 2017–18 Champions League play-off. In December 2018, after a year and a half at the helm of the club, Dică terminated his contract with Steaua București by mutual consent.
On 26 July 2022, Dică returned to FCSB. On 1 November 2022, Dică terminated his contract with FCSB by mutual consent.
On 14 January 2023, he was presented as the new manager of his former club Mioveni. He left the team by mutual consent on 26 April 2023.
On 17 July that year, he took charge of another Liga I side FC U Craiova. After two losses in the opening games of the season, he recorded two wins, before suffering a 4–3 defeat to Petrolul Ploiești on 18 August. The following day, only 34 days into his tenure, he was dismissed from the club.
Personal life
In November 2003, Dică married Corina Zimbroianu, after the two met in 1998. He has a son, Marco Ilie, who was baptized by his former Steaua teammate, Mirel Radoi.
In March 2007, he had a difficult period in his life as his father died due to cirrhosis. Dică was under treatment at the Isokinetic clinic, in Bologna, when he heard the news. His father was the one who encouraged him to become a footballer.
Career statistics
Club
International stats
International goals
Scores and results list Romania's goal tally first. "Score" column indicates the score after the player's goal.
Managerial statistics
Honours
Player
Steaua București
Divizia A: 2004–05, 2005–06
Cupa României: 2010–11
Supercupa României: 2006
CFR Cluj
Liga I: 2009–10
Cupa României: 2009–10
Individual
Romanian Footballer of the Year: 2006
Manager
SCM Pitești
Liga III: 2016–17
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from Pitești
Romanian men's footballers
Romania men's under-21 international footballers
Romania men's international footballers
UEFA Euro 2008 players
Liga I players
Liga II players
Serie A players
Super League Greece players
Süper Lig players
FC Argeș Pitești players
FC Dacia Pitești players
FC Steaua București players
Catania FC players
Iraklis F.C. (Thessaloniki) players
CFR Cluj players
Manisaspor footballers
CS Mioveni players
FC Viitorul Constanța players
Romanian football managers
FC Argeș Pitești managers
FC Steaua București managers
CS Mioveni managers
FC U Craiova 1948 managers
Liga I managers
Liga II managers
Romanian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Romanian expatriate sportspeople in Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolae%20Dic%C4%83 |
GCHS may refer to:
Japan
Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Gunma
South Korea
Geochang High School, Geochang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do Province
United States
Gadsden City High School, Gadsden, Alabama
Gallup Catholic High School, Gallup, New Mexico
Garden City High School (Kansas), Garden City, Kansas
Garden City High School (Michigan), Garden City, Michigan
Garden City High School (New York), Garden City, New York
Gate City High School, Gate City, Virginia
Gates County Senior High School, Gatesville, North Carolina
Gehlen Catholic High School, LeMars, Iowa
Geibel Catholic High School, Connellsville, Pennsylvania
George County High School, Lucedale, Mississippi
Gibault Catholic High School, Waterloo, Illinois
Giles County High School, Pulaski, Tennessee
Gilbert Christian High School, Gilbert, Arizona
Glen Cove High School, Glen Cove, New York
Grand Canyon High School, Grand Canyon Village, Arizona
Grant Community High School, Fox Lake, Illinois
Granville Central High School, Stem, North Carolina
Grape Creek High School, San Angelo, Texas
Gray's Creek High School, Hope Mills, North Carolina
Grayson County High School (Kentucky), Leitchfield, Kentucky
Green County High School, Greensburg, Kentucky
Greene Central High School, Greene County, North Carolina
Greenfield-Central High School, Greenfield, Indiana
Greenup County High School, Greenup, Kentucky
Grove City High School, Grove City, Ohio
Grover Cleveland High School (Buffalo, New York)
Grover Cleveland High School (Queens), New York City
Grundy County High School, Coalmont, Tennessee
Greeley Central High School, Greeley, Colorado
St. Theodore Guerin High School, Noblesville, Indiana
Gulf Coast High School, Naples, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCHS |
Sason (; ; ; alternatively spelled as Sasun or Sassoun), is a town in the Batman Province of Turkey. It is the seat of the Sason District. Its population is 12,696 (2021).
Sasun, as it is called by Armenians, plays a prominent role in Armenian culture and history. It is the setting of Daredevils of Sassoun, Armenia's national epic. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was a major center of the activities of the Armenian fedayi, who staged two uprisings against the Ottoman authorities and Kurdish tribes in 1894 and 1904. In the local elections of March 2019, Muzaffer Arslan was elected Mayor. He was replaced by Mehmet Şafi Yavuz in February 2021.
Toponymy
Sanasunk or Sasunk meant "the Land of Sanasar". According to legend, the name comes from Sanasar, son of the Assyrian king (Hebrew šar “king”, Assyrian sar “king”).
History
Historically, the area was known as Sasun, part of the historical Armenian Highlands. The exact etymology of the name is unknown, although various folk etymologies exist. Sasun is mentioned (in the form Sanasunkʻ) as one of the cantons of the Aghdznik' province of the ancient Kingdom of Armenia in the geography of 7th-century Armenian scholar Anania Shirakatsi. Later, the region was ruled by the Mamikonian dynasty from around 772 until 1189/1190, when the Mamikonians moved to Cilicia after being dispossessed by the Shah-Armens.
Ottoman period
The region was eventually conquered by the Ottoman Empire, becoming part of the sanjak of Muş in Bitlis Vilayet, and continued to hold a substantial population of Armenians. During this period, Sason was a federation of some forty Armenian villages, whose inhabitants were known as Sasuntsis (). Surrounded by fierce Kurdish tribes to whom they were often forced to pay tribute, the Sasuntsis were able to maintain an autonomy free of Turkish rule until the end of the 19th century when the Kurds themselves were finally brought under government control. Proud warriors, the Sasuntsis made all their weapons and relied on nothing from the outside world.
In 1893, some three to four thousand nomadic Kurds from the Diyarbakır plains entered Sason region. This incursion of nomads, who customarily used the mountain meadows of the area in summer for their herds, was harmful to the sedentary Armenians. Some Kurdish tribes were responsible for bringing economic ruin to the agrarian community of the Armenian villagers: they would steal livestock and demand that the Armenians should pay a second tax (that is, a separate tax in addition to the one Armenians paid to the Ottoman government). When the Armenians decided to challenge extortion, a fight ensued and a Kurd was killed. Using the Kurd's death as a pretext by describing that a revolt had taken place, Turkish officials endorsed a Kurdish revenge attack against the Armenians of Sason.
The Kurds, however, were successfully driven off by the armed Armenian villagers, but that success was then seen as a possible threat by the Ottoman authorities. In 1894, the villagers refused to pay taxes unless the Ottoman authorities adequately protected them against renewed Kurdish raids as well as extortion. Instead, the government sent a force of about 3,000 soldiers and Kurdish irregulars to disarm the villagers, an event which ended in a general massacre of between 900 and 3,000 men, women and children. The "Sasun affair" was widely publicised and was investigated by representatives from the European Powers, resulting in demands that Ottoman Turkey initiate reforms in the six "Armenian vilayets". Abdul Hamid II's response to those demands culminated in the anti-Armenian pogroms of 1895 and 1896.
As a region where the Hamidian massacres were perpetrated, McDowall estimates that at least 1,000 Armenian villagers were slain in the Sason atrocity, all of which was instigated by the buildup of Ottoman troops in early 1894. Officials and military officers involved in the Sason massacres were decorated and rewarded. More than 60,000 Armenians from the region of Sason died during the Armenian genocide. Many of the survivors fled to Eastern Armenia and settled in villages in the former Ashtarak and Talin districts of Soviet Armenia. The 60,000 figure most likely includes refugees from neighboring areas, as according to the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople, on the eve of World War I, there were 24,233 Armenians in the kaza of Sasun, with 127 churches, six monasteries, and 15 schools.
Geography
The area is very mountainous, suitable for trekking and climbing, and many white water rivers are also located in it. Mereto mountain has the highest peak in Sason. The area is known for its walnuts. In fact, some locals still use the old name Kâbilcevz.
Demographics
Today, most of Sason's population is Kurdish and Arab. An Armenian minority may still live in Sason. According to a 1972 estimate, about 6,000 Armenian villagers were still living in the region.
Culture
The area was the setting for the Armenian epic Sasna Tsrer (Daredevils of Sassoun), which was rediscovered and first partly written down in 1873. It is better known as Sasuntsi Davit ("David of Sasun"). This epic dates from the time of the invasion of Armenia by the Caliphs of Egypt (about 670), in which the Armenian folk hero of the same name drives foreign invaders from Armenia.
There are numerous ruins in the area, and also some historical water fountains, "Sevek Çeşmesi", "Nabuhan Çeşmesi", "Hapyenk Çeşmesi", and "Ağde Çeşmesi". Also Şehan named turbe, a burial site of a holy man, is the site of celebrations in every July.
See also
Sasun Resistance (1894)
Sasun Uprising (1904)
References
External links
Armenian History and Presence in Sason
Sason Ermenileri Röportajı
Populated places in Sason District
District municipalities in Turkey
Kurdish settlements in Batman Province
Former Armenian communities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sason |
Gercüş (, ") is a town and seat of the Gercüş District of Batman Province in Turkey. The mayor is Gündüz Günaydın (AKP), elected in 2019.
The population was 6,064 in 2021.
Neighborhoods
The town is divided into the neighborhoods of Bağlarbaşı, Çukurçeşme, Pınarbaşı and Yolağzı.
History
The town of Gercus is said to be built by a wealthy Roman soldier named "Gawson" who named the village after him. The town was formerly populated by Assyrians but mainly Kurds from the Kercoz tribe live in the town today.
Notable people
Cigerxwîn
References
Populated places in Batman Province
Assyrian communities in Turkey
Gercüş District
District municipalities in Turkey
Kurdish settlements in Batman Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerc%C3%BC%C5%9F |
Ploubazlanec (; ) is a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in Brittany in northwestern France.
Historically its economy relied on fishing. Fishermen in the 19th century and early 20th century went to Iceland aboard sailing ships called goelettes.
The name Ploubazlanec is typically Breton, "plou" meaning "land of". The name changed from Pleraneg, which still can be seen on road signs.
Ploubazlanec is the embarkation point for boats to the Île-de-Bréhat.
The place was made famous by the French novel by Pierre Loti, Pêcheur d'Islande.
Population
Inhabitants of Ploubazlanec are called ploubazlanecains in French.
See also
Communes of the Côtes-d'Armor department
References
External links
Official website
Communes of Côtes-d'Armor
Fishing in France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploubazlanec |
The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to develop voluntary, consensus-based industry standards for a wide variety of information and communication technology (ICT) products, and currently represents nearly 400 companies. TIA's Standards and Technology Department operates twelve engineering committees, which develop guidelines for private radio equipment, cellular towers, data terminals, satellites, telephone terminal equipment, accessibility, VoIP devices, structured cabling, data centers, mobile device communications, multimedia multicast, vehicular telematics, healthcare ICT, machine to machine communications, and smart utility networks.
Active participants include communications equipment manufacturers, service providers, government agencies, academic institutions, and end-users are engaged in TIA's standards setting process. To ensure that these standards become incorporated globally, TIA is also engaged in the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).
TIA merged in 2017 with the Quest Forum, home of the TL9000 quality standard for operators, which substantially increased the number of companies under the TIA umbrella. The boards of the two organizations were combined into a single board. The headquarters of the combined organization was the TIA location in Arlington, Virginia.
TIA Standards
The Telecommunications Industry Association's most widely adopted standards include:
TIA-942 Telecommunications Infrastructure Standard for Data Centers
TIA-568 (telecommunications cabling standards, used by nearly all voice, video and data networks).
TIA-569 Commercial Building Standards for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces
TIA-607 (Commercial grounding - earthing - standards)
TIA-598 (Fiber optic color-coding)
TIA-222 Structural Standard for Antenna Supporting Structures and Antennas
TIA-602 Data Transmission Systems and Equipment, which standardized the common basic Hayes command set.
TIA-102 - Land Mobile Communications for Public Safety (APCO/P25)
Participating in TIA Standards Development
TIA encourages engineers who represent the manufacturers and/or users of network equipment technology products and services (from both the public and private sectors), to become engaged in TIA's engineering committees, by voting and submitting technical contributions for inclusion in future standards.
Collaborative Activities
TIA is a participating standards organization of the ITU-T Global Standards Collaboration (GSC) initiative. The GSC has created a Machine-to-Machine Standardization Task Force (MSTF) to foster industry collaboration on standards across different vertical markets, such as finance, e-health, connected vehicles, and utilities.
Legislation
TIA supported the E-LABEL Act (H.R. 5161; 113th Congress), a bill that would direct the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to allow manufacturers of electronic devices with a screen to display information required by the agency digitally on the screen rather than on a label affixed to the device. Grant Seiffert argued that "by granting device manufacturers the ability to use e-labels, the legislation eases the technical and logistical burdens on manufactures and improves consumer access to important device information."
References
External links
Telecommunications Industry Association Website
Telecommunications organizations
Telecommunication industry
Mass media companies
Standards organizations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications%20Industry%20Association |
Kozluk (, ) is a town and seat of Kozluk District in Batman Province, Turkey. The town had a population of 27,825 in 2021. The mayor is Mehmet Veysi Işık (AKP).
It is divided into the neighborhoods of Ağaçlık, Aşağı Güneşli, Bahçeli, Beşevler, Çaybaşı, Değirmendere, Hamam, İslambey, Kale, Karpuzlu, Kavaklı, Kemalpaşa, Komando, Köprübaşı, Pınarbaşı, Selahaddini Eyyübi, Şemdinağa, Tepecik, Tepeüstü, Yamaçlı, Yenimahalle, Yeşiltepe, Yolaltı, Yolüstü and Yukarı Güneşli.
References
Populated places in Batman Province
District municipalities in Turkey
Kurdish settlements in Batman Province
Kozluk District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozluk |
The Society of Catholic Priests (SCP) is a religious society of clergy in the Anglican Communion which draws its membership from Anglicans who consider themselves a part of the liberal Anglo-Catholic tradition.
Founding and early history
The society was founded in 1994 by a group of priests from the Diocese of Southwark who felt that they could no longer remain within the existing fraternal organisations for Anglo-Catholic priests, such as the Society of the Holy Cross, which had taken conservative positions on the ordination of women to the priesthood. Its objective is to promote the formation and support of priestly spirituality and Catholic evangelism. Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby is the group's patron.
In 2009, a group of priests and seminarians from the Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church of Canada gathered at Christ Church, New Haven, Connecticut, to form a North American province of the society, known as the Society of Catholic Priests in the Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church of Canada (often abbreviated SCP NA). An Australian province was also created in 2009.
Current life
Membership in the SCP UK is open to all Anglican priests who accept the Anglican Communion as part of the "one, holy, catholic, and apostolic church", who recognise the ordination of women priests, believe in the real presence and who uphold the traditional view of the seven sacraments. Priests keep a rule of life which includes the daily offices of Mattins and Evensong, Eucharistic-centred spirituality, use of a spiritual director, the sacrament of confession and praying for and ministering to other SCP members. Deacons may become associate members. The Society of Catholic Priests is associated with the Dearmer Society, for ordinands who aspire to full membership of SCP, and the Company of Servers, for lay people who serve at the altar.
In the SCP NA, membership is open to all Anglican clergy who; A) believe that the churches of the Anglican Communion are part of the one holy and catholic and apostolic church; B) are members of The Episcopal Church or the Anglican Church of Canada; C) embrace as colleagues all those admitted to holy orders in the same; D) believe in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist; E) embrace the sacramental life of the Church as means of God's grace; F) and keep the rule of life of the society. In the SCP NA, professed but unordained members of religious communities may also be admitted as full members. Seminarians and seminary graduates preparing for ordination may be admitted as "provisional members", becoming full members automatically upon their diaconal ordination.
Members of the society are entitled to use the letters SCP after their names.
List of rectors general
Jack Bright (2000-2005)
Jonathan Clark (2005–2008)
Andrew Nunn (2008–2017)
Ian Gomersall (2018–present)
See also
Liberal Anglo-Catholicism
References
External links
The Society of Catholic Priests (Europe)
The Society of Catholic Priests (North America)
The Society of Catholic Priests (Australia)
Anglican organizations
Anglican religious orders established in the 20th century
Anglo-Catholicism
Christian organizations established in 1994
Christian organizations established in 2009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20of%20Catholic%20Priests |
The National Association of Science Writers (NASW) was created in 1934 by a dozen science journalists and reporters in New York City. The aim of the organization was to improve the craft of science journalism and to promote good science reportage.
In June 1934, John J. O'Neill, William L. Laurence, Howard W. Blakeslee, Gobind Behari Lal and David Dietz formed NASW as a press association with Dietz as its president. Several others joined the association. The NASW incorporated in 1955, pledging itself to "foster the dissemination of accurate information regarding science through all media normally devoted to informing the public". Leaders of the NASW have been freelance and staff reporters for a majority of US newspapers, wire services, magazines, and broadcasters.
As of September 29, 2007, the organization reported having 2,549 members and claimed to be the largest organization of science writers in the world.
Each year since 1972 the organization holds the Science in Society Awards to "provide recognition—without subsidy from any professional or commercial interest—for investigative or interpretive reporting about the sciences and their impact on society." The organization considers granting awards in four categories: books, commentary and opinion, science reporting, and science reporting with a local or regional focus.
See also
Board of Editors in the Life Sciences
Council for the Advancement of Science Writing
The Open Notebook
References
External links
The National Association of Science Writers
Science writing organizations
Organizations established in 1934
1934 establishments in New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Association%20of%20Science%20Writers |
Balance Bar, sometimes styled as balance bar, is the brand name of a nutritional energy bar based on the 40-30-30 dietary principle, that is, a diet containing 40% carbohydrate, 30% protein and 30% dietary fat. The 40-30-30 nutritional philosophy was popularized by Dr. Barry Sears, a biochemist, and later expounded in his Zone diet books.
The product was first released in 1992. Since that time, the product line has expanded to include Balance Bar, Balance Gold, Balance Trail Mix, Balance Plus, Balance CarbWell, Balance Gold Crunch, Balance Outdoor, Balance Organic, Balance 100 Calories, Balance Bare, and 40-30-30 Balance Drink Mix. Balance Bar is a subsidiary of NBTY.
Company history
Founding and early years
The Balance Bar Company was founded in 1992 by Thomas Davidson and Richard Lamb. Davidson, Lamb and two other investors acquired rights to a bar based on Sears' zone diet. The company was originally called Bio Foods Inc. and was located in Santa Barbara, California. Balance Bars were originally sold through natural food stores, and were introduced into mainstream stores in 1996.
Kraft acquisition
The company's speedy growth caught the attention of Kraft Foods, which purchased the company for $268 million ($19.40 per share) in January 2000 as part of a strategy to expand its product line to natural foods. Earlier that same week, Kraft had announced it would acquire Boca Burger. Kraft paid a 37% premium over Balance Bar's then-current trading price.
Analysts cited Balance Bar's agreement to market a line of bars with weight loss firm Jenny Craig, Inc. as a factor that drove up the price. Another factor accounting for the premium may have been that Kraft's purchase was part of a rush by large food manufacturers such as General Mills, PepsiCo and the Adolph Coors Company to snap up well-established natural foods companies such as Cascadian Farm, Mother's Oatmeal and Blue Moon Beer respectively.
At the time, the deal was thought to be a winner for both sides, with Kraft picking up a well-established brand in a high-growth market category, and Balance Bar leveraging Kraft's resources for further growth. However, Balance Bar was "not financially material" to Kraft, said a Kraft spokesman later said. In 2008, Kraft posted annual revenues of $42 billion. Balance Bar posted revenues of $127 million, a 7% decline from the previous year. It slipped to third position in the category, with Clif Bar surpassing it in sales. Nestle's PowerBar held the top spot, with 2008 sales of $196 million However, the company languished under Kraft, and in December 2009 was purchased for an undisclosed amount by private equity firm Brynwood Partners, a firm known for buying orphan brands from large companies.
In 2012, NBTY acquired Balance bar.
See also
List of food companies
List of NBTY brands
References
External links
Official Balance bar Website
Dietary supplements
Energy food products | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance%20Bar |
Fade Away or Fadeaway may refer to:
Sports
Fadeaway, a basketball move
Screwball or fadeaway, a baseball pitch
Music
Albums
Fade Away (Best Coast EP) (2013)
Fade Away (Matt Finish EP) (1981)
Fade Away, an album by Final
Fade Away, an EP by Song I-han
Songs
"Fade Away" (Another Animal song)
"Fade Away" (Logic song) (2015)
"Fade Away" (Oasis song)
"Fade Away" (Bruce Springsteen song) (1980)
"Fade Away" (Susanne Sundfør song) (2014)
"Fade Away", a song by The Amity Affliction from Not Without My Ghosts
"Fade Away", a song by The Black Heart Procession recorded for Infamous 2
"Fade Away", a song by Blur from The Great Escape
"Fade Away", a song by Breaking Benjamin from Dear Agony
"Fade Away", a song by Celine Dion from Taking Chances
"Fade Away", a song by Celldweller from Celldweller
"Fade Away", a song by Chris Isaak from Chris Isaak
"Fade Away", a song by Greg Cipes
"Fade Away", a song by Coldrain from Until the End
"Fade Away", a song by Diecast from Internal Revolution
"Fade Away", a song by Che Fu from Navigator
"Fade Away", a song by Juliana Hatfield from Gold Stars 1992–2002: The Juliana Hatfield Collection
"Fade Away", a song by Junior Byles
"Fade Away", a song by John McKeown from Things Worth Fighting For
"Fade Away", a song by Kim Petras
"Fade Away", a song by The Kid Laroi
"Fade Away", a song by Loz Netto, guitarist for Sniff 'n' the Tears (1983)
"Fade Away", a song by Mary J. Blige from Growing Pains
"Fade Away", a song by Pain from Nothing Remains the Same
"Fadeaway", a song by Porcupine Tree from Up the Downstair
"Fade Away", a song by Seether from Disclaimer II
"Fade Away", a song by We Came as Romans from Tracing Back Roots
"Fade Away", a song by The Word Alive from Hard Reset
Other uses
Fade Away (novel), a novel by Harlan Coben
See also
Fadeaway Man, a supervillain in the DC Comics universe
"Fading Away", a 1988 song by Will to Power
Not Fade Away (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fade%20away |
This is a list of interurban railways in North America. Elsewhere, the term was not used or did not have the same meaning. The vast majority of these systems are defunct. All were opened primarily as passenger carriers, although many survived as freight railways after passenger service ceased.
Canada
Provinces not listed did not have interurban systems, which were commonly called radial railways in Canada.
Alberta
British Columbia
Manitoba
Nova Scotia
Ontario
Quebec
Cuba
Mexico
United States
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Michigan had of interurban.
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
See also
List of town tramway systems in North America (covers countries other than U.S. and Canada)
List of street railways in Canada
List of town tramway systems in the United States
References
Canada transport-related lists
Cuba transport-related lists
Mexico transportation-related lists
Rail | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20interurban%20railways%20in%20North%20America |
Karimganj Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 14 Lok Sabha constituencies in Assam state in north-eastern India, covering Karimganj and Hailakandi districts in the Barak Valley. This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the scheduled castes.
Assembly segments
Karimganj Lok Sabha constituency is composed of the following assembly segments:
Current assembly segments
Previous assembly segments
Members of Parliament
Election results
2019
General elections 2014
General elections 2009
General elections 2004
See also
Karimganj district
2019 Indian general election in Assam
List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha
References
External links
Karimganj lok sabha constituency election 2019 date and schedule
Lok Sabha constituencies in Assam
Karimganj district | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karimganj%20Lok%20Sabha%20constituency |
An undisputed championship is a professional wrestling term for a world title that is the unquestioned top championship in a promotion, often formed from two world titles being unified or held by the same individual.
The first undisputed champions
The reported first undisputed champion was George Hackenschmidt, who won a series of tournaments in Europe, including a world championship tournament to win the original World Heavyweight Championship. Amongst the other tournaments he won were the annual major tournaments in Paris, France; Hamburg, Germany; St. Petersburg, Russia; and Berlin, Germany. Hackenschmidt also defeated European Greco-Roman Champion Tom Cannon on September 4, 1902, in Liverpool, England to become the first undisputed World Heavyweight Champion.
The only other reigning champion with claim to the belt at the time was Tom Jenkins the American Heavyweight Championship, which unified the American Greco-Roman Championship with the American Catch-As-Catch Can Championship. Jenkins was eventually defeated by Frank Gotch, who took over as the only man with a potentially legitimate claim to being "the true champion".
Hackenschmidt and Gotch finally met in the ring on April 3, 1908, in Chicago, Illinois. Gotch defeated Hackenschmidt to win the World Heavyweight Championship, then abandoned the American Heavyweight Championship in a process similar to today's championship unification. Gotch wrestled for several years before retiring as undisputed champion
Other wrestlers who were recognized as the only major World Champion following Gotch's retirement were Earl Caddock, Joe Stecher, Ed "Strangler" Lewis, Stanislaus Zbyszko, and Wayne Munn. The championship became disputed in the late 1920s, and remained that way for over 20 years, when several major World Heavyweight Championships split from the primary title (namely, Boston's American Wrestling Association World Heavyweight Championship, the National Boxing Association (later, National Wrestling Association) World Championship of Wrestling, and the New York State Athletic Commission World Heavyweight Championship). Other governing bodies would create their own version of the World Championship in the 1930s and 1940s, as well.
Lou Thesz and the National Wrestling Alliance
After Gotch's retirement, several other men proceeded to hold the then World Heavyweight Championship, including periods of time where the National Wrestling Association formed a second World Heavyweight Championship to contend with the formerly undisputed belt. From that point onward, there was no undisputed champion, as multiple men laid claim to the title without ever backing it up by defeating multiple other contenders.
This all changed in July 1948, when the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) was formed by multiple promotions and awarded the NWA World Heavyweight Championship to Orville Brown. After Brown suffered career-ending injuries in an automobile accident on November 1, 1949, the NWA recognised Lou Thesz as the champion. Thesz had earlier won the National Wrestling Association's World Heavyweight Championship on July 10, 1948, from Wild Bill Longson.
In light of having unified three of the major world heavyweight championships of his time (as well as numerous other lesser-prestige titles) and defeating the reigning AWA World Heavyweight Champion in a non-title match (a major title that was abandoned soon after), Thesz became the Undisputed Champion for some time. From that point onward, the National Wrestling Alliance World Heavyweight Championship (the championship belt that Thesz opted to keep as the designation of all the championships he had won) became the undisputed world heavyweight title for all contenders to seek.
This, however, would change over the years and decades to come as professional wrestling grew and evolved. The American Wrestling Association, owned by Verne Gagne split off from the NWA and declared their primary singles title a world title in 1960. The World Wide Wrestling Federation, owned by Vince McMahon, Sr. followed suit in 1963 and declared their major singles title a world championship. Many other NWA affiliated promotions would split from the NWA over the years with Ted Turner's World Championship Wrestling in 1993, and Tod Gordon's Eastern Championship Wrestling in 1994. Each of these promotions declared their primary singles championship to be a world championship.
World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment
When the AWA folded in 1991 with Larry Zbyszko as their final champion, one of the last major world titles was gone. Meanwhile, the NWA became less prevalent during the Monday night television ratings war that engrossed the WWF and WCW during the 1990s. ECW shut down in 2001 with Rhino as their last champion, seemingly leaving the group of prominent world championships down to two, and with WCW's subsequent fall and purchase by the WWF during the same year, the World Wrestling Federation Championship remained.
WWF took full advantage of their situation, unifying the unbranded "World Championship" (formerly the WCW World Heavyweight Championship) and WWF Championship at Vengeance in 2001, with Chris Jericho becoming the first Undisputed WWF Champion (and the first undisputed champion in over 50 years in professional wrestling in general). The championship was then represented by the belts of its two predecessors until a singular belt design was commissioned. By May 2002, the WWF had been renamed to World Wrestling Entertainment and the Undisputed WWE Championship, as it was now called, became the top championship of the promotion.
With the purchase of WCW during the previous year, WWE's roster had doubled in size and with newly obtained properties and a desire to further expand, the promotion was essentially divided in what became known as the WWE Brand Extension. This resulted in WWE's two main programs, Raw and SmackDown, becoming distinct brands, acting as complementing promotions under WWE. The WWE Undisputed Championship was then consequently shared between both brands and soon conflict began brewing over the title. In late August 2002, after becoming the youngest WWE world champion at the time by winning the WWE Undisputed Championship, Brock Lesnar and his title were made exclusive to SmackDown. To remedy this, the Big Gold Belt was brought back the following month to represent the new World Heavyweight Championship and became Raw's top championship, thus making the WWE Championship no longer undisputed.
In 2011, the WWE Championship was temporarily referred to as "undisputed" again. After a storyline in which John Cena and CM Punk both claimed the WWE Championship, the two faced off at the 2011 SummerSlam, resulting in a single title holder. This was not, however, the same as the undisputed title that existed between 2001 and 2002, as the World Heavyweight Championship was unaffected.
Immediately following SummerSlam 2011, the brand extension officially ended, meaning that both the WWE Champion and the World Heavyweight Champion could appear on both Raw and SmackDown. In November 2013, then World Heavyweight Champion John Cena made a challenge to then WWE Champion Randy Orton to determine WWE's undisputed world champion; the match would take place at the TLC: Tables, Ladders & Chairs pay-per-view the following month. Randy Orton defeated John Cena in a TLC match and unified the titles. Subsequently, the World Heavyweight Championship was retired and the WWE Championship was renamed the WWE World Heavyweight Championship and retained its lineage. Like the WWE Undisputed Championship, the WWE World Heavyweight Championship was represented by the belts of its two predecessors until a singular belt design was commissioned in August 2014.
In June 2016, the WWE World Heavyweight Championship reverted to being called the WWE Championship before WWE reintroduced the brand extension the following month. The WWE Champion was drafted to SmackDown and it was renamed the WWE World Championship though reverted to WWE Championship in December 2016. In response, Raw created their own world championship, the WWE Universal Championship.
At WrestleMania 38 in 2022, the Universal Championship held by Roman Reigns from SmackDown and the WWE Championship held by Brock Lesnar from Raw were unified. The winner of the match, Roman Reigns, was then referred to as the Undisputed WWE Universal Champion. Although WWE billed the match as a championship unification, both titles have maintained their individual lineages.
On the May 20, 2022, episode of SmackDown, the SmackDown Tag Team Championship held by The Usos (Jey Uso and Jimmy Uso) and the Raw Tag Team Championship held by RK-Bro (Randy Orton and Riddle) were unified. The winners of the match, The Usos, were then referred to as the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champions. Although WWE billed the match as a championship unification, both titles have maintained their individual lineages. They lost the titles to Kevin Owens and Sami Zayn at WrestleMania 39 in 2023, with Owens and Zayn becoming the Undisputed WWE Tag Team Champions.
See also
Championship unification
List of early world heavyweight champions in professional wrestling
References
External links
The Wrestling Information Archive
TitleHistories.com
Pro-Wrestling Title Histories
Professional wrestling championships
Professional wrestling slang | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undisputed%20championship%20%28professional%20wrestling%29 |
The Company of the Occident () was a French Crown corporation that existed from 1664 to 1667. Its purpose was to exploit the resources of the French colonies and compete with the powerful Dutch and English companies.
Louis XIV had ambitions to develop his new colony of New France. This was seen as a way of funding these efforts. Spearheaded by Minister of Finance Jean-Baptiste Colbert, the letters patent creating the Compagnie de l'Occident were issued in May 1664. All property rights in French possessions in North and South America, and also the west coast of Africa, were vested in the company.
The company was shut down in 1674.
A Compagnie d'Occident was founded in 1718 by French Banker Antoine Crozat after the 's bankruptcy.
See also
Chartered company
European chartered companies founded around the 17th century (in French)
1664 establishments in France
New France
Chartered companies
Companies established in 1664
1660s in France
1670s in France
1674 disestablishments
1664 in France
Trading companies established in the 17th century
Trading companies of France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compagnie%20de%20l%27Occident |
The Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) is a vendor-neutral link layer protocol used by network devices for advertising their identity, capabilities, and neighbors on a local area network based on IEEE 802 technology, principally wired Ethernet. The protocol is formally referred to by the IEEE as Station and Media Access Control Connectivity Discovery specified in IEEE 802.1AB with additional support in IEEE 802.3 section 6 clause 79.
LLDP performs functions similar to several proprietary protocols, such as Cisco Discovery Protocol, Foundry Discovery Protocol, Nortel Discovery Protocol and Link Layer Topology Discovery.
Information gathered
Information gathered with LLDP can be stored in the device management information base (MIB) and queried with the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) as specified in RFC 2922. The topology of an LLDP-enabled network can be discovered by crawling the hosts and querying this database. Information that may be retrieved include:
System name and description
Port name and description
VLAN name
IP management address
System capabilities (switching, routing, etc.)
MAC/PHY information
MDI power
Link aggregation
Applications
The Link Layer Discovery Protocol may be used as a component in network management and network monitoring applications.
One such example is its use in data center bridging requirements. The (DCBX) is a discovery and capability exchange protocol that is used for conveying capabilities and configuration of the above features between neighbors to ensure consistent configuration across the network.
LLDP is used to advertise power over Ethernet capabilities and requirements and negotiate power delivery.
Media endpoint discovery extension
Media Endpoint Discovery is an enhancement of LLDP, known as LLDP-MED, that provides the following facilities:
Auto-discovery of LAN policies (such as VLAN, Layer 2 Priority and Differentiated services (Diffserv) settings) enabling plug and play networking.
Device location discovery to allow creation of location databases and, in the case of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), Enhanced 911 services.
Extended and automated power management of Power over Ethernet (PoE) end points.
Inventory management, allowing network administrators to track their network devices, and determine their characteristics (manufacturer, software and hardware versions, serial or asset number).
The LLDP-MED protocol extension was formally approved and published as the standard ANSI/TIA-1057 by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) in April 2006.
System Capability Codes
Frame structure
LLDP information is sent by devices from each of their interfaces at a fixed interval, in the form of an Ethernet frame. Each frame contains one LLDP Data Unit (LLDPDU). Each LLDPDU is a sequence of type–length–value (TLV) structures.
The Ethernet frame used in LLDP typically has its destination MAC address set to a special multicast address that 802.1D-compliant bridges do not forward. Other multicast and unicast destination addresses are permitted. The EtherType field is set to 0x88cc.
Each LLDP frame starts with the following mandatory TLVs: Chassis ID, Port ID, and Time-to-Live. The mandatory TLVs are followed by any number of optional TLVs. The frame optionally ends with a special TLV, named end of LLDPDU in which both the type and length fields are 0.
Accordingly, an Ethernet frame containing an LLDPDU has the following structure:
Each of the TLV components has the following basic structure:
Custom TLVs are supported via a TLV type 127. The value of a custom TLV starts with a 24-bit organizationally unique identifier and a 1 byte organizationally specific subtype followed by data. The basic format for an organizationally specific TLV is shown below:
According to IEEE Std 802.1AB, §9.6.1.3, "The Organizationally Unique Identifier shall contain the organization's OUI as defined in IEEE Std 802-2001." Each organization is responsible for managing their subtypes.
Notes
References
External links
Tutorial on the Link Layer Discovery Protocol on EE Times
802.1AB - Station and Media Access Control Connectivity Discovery on IEEE 802.1
Link Layer Discovery Protocol on The Wireshark Wiki
Device discovery protocols
Ethernet standards
IEEE standards
Link protocols
Logical link control | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link%20Layer%20Discovery%20Protocol |
Plow to the End of the Row is the 2004 debut album by Nashville, Tennessee-based singer/songwriter Adrienne Young and her band, Little Sadie.
Overview
After attending Belmont University in Nashville, Young worked for two years in various jobs on Music Row. "No one was interested in my music", she says. "I was working in the music business offices, and everyone around me was doing what they wanted to do. It was driving me crazy because I knew I could do it, but you can't save up the money to do a record when you're making seven or eight bucks an hour". Young was also determined to retain ownership of the rights to her songs and recordings, something that runs counter to the way the music industry typically works. In an e-mail to friend and philanthropist Wallace Rasmussen, Young confessed her frustration and admitted that she was thinking of returning to her home state of Florida. Rasmussen responded, "Do you really want to do music? Then you've got to plow to the end of the row".
Rasmussen fronted her the money to record and release Plow to the End of the Row on her own AddieBelle record label. An early version of the disc, released on a limited basis in 2003, featured several tracks that were ultimately dropped or re-recorded for the national release in 2004. That first configuration included backing from the old-time music band Old Crow Medicine Show. The second version was intended to feature Young's own band, Little Sadie, more prominently.
The packaging, designed by Jami Anderson (http://www.jamidesign.com) mimicked the style of the Farmers' Almanac and included a packet of wildflower seeds. It was nominated for a Grammy award for Best Recording Package. There were slight changes to the packaging for the 2004 version, most notably a photo of Young alone was replaced with a shot of her with the whole band. The 2004 Just Plain Folks Music Awards named Plow to the End of the Row Roots Album of the Year, and the track "I Cannot Justify" Best Roots Songs of the Year.
The music on the disc is intended to reflect the place of traditional values in a modern world. Both traditional and modern instruments are used in songs to exemplify the unique qualities typical of folk music: simple, direct lyrics and infectious melodies. Young's original songs are seamlessly interspersed with traditional songs. Her ballad "Conestoga" evokes the sound of America's western migration era, followed by the very modern electric guitar-and-bass production style of the breakup song "Poison". A few tracks later, the traditional "Soldier's Joy" itself evokes Gid Tanner and the Skillet Lickers.
The title track depicts a day in the life of a typical farmer in a series of verses that neither romanticize nor bemoan an existence that most Americans no longer understand. The toil of "rocks in my shoes, dirt in my eyes, working like a dog 'til the day I die", is balanced by the knowledge that "My baby's waitin, for me at the end of the day", and each verse ends with the inescapable reminder that one must indeed "plow to the end of the row".
A video for "Home Remedy" featured that song's co-writer, Will Kimbrough, and received airplay on CMT. The track was named Best Country Song of the Year by the Nashville Scene.
As noted by the press, Young also gave voice to the contradictory feelings that many Americans had about the war in Iraq with her song "Blinded by Stars." It begins with a reverential remembrance of the heroes of past wars and then points out that "This was their flag but this ain’t their fight." Then following a warning not to "let the town crier decide if we go to war," she takes that sentiment to a contemporary and personal level by changing the refrain to "This is my flag, but this ain’t my fight."
Young and her band performed at the Philadelphia Folk Festival, Live Oak Music Festival, Boston Folk Festival, Rhythm & Roots Festival, and toured extensively in the United States and England to promote the album. It garnered positive reviews from numerous folk and roots music publications as well as mainstream newspapers and magazines.
Track listing (2004 release)
"Plow to the End of the Row" (Adrienne Young/Will Kimbrough) – 3:16
"Leather Britches" (traditional) – 2:39
"Home Remedy" (Adrienne Young/Will Kimbrough) – 3:41
"Sadie's Song" (Adrienne Young/Mark D. Sanders) – 3:59
"Nippers' Corner" (Adrienne Young/Courtney Little) – 4:23
"I Cannot Justify" (Adrienne Young/Will Kimbrough) – 3:26
"Conestoga" (Adrienne Young) – 4:16
"Poison" (Adrienne Young) – 4:42
"Her Eyes Were Watching God" (Adrienne Young/Carter Wood) – 3:40
"Blinded by Stars" (Adrienne Young/Alice Randall) – 4:01
"Soldier's Joy" (traditional) – 2:33
"Marching Jaybird" (traditional) – 1:56
"Lonesome Road Blues" (traditional) – 4:04
"Satan, Yer Kingdom Must Come Down" (traditional) – 2:18
Music Samples
Track listing for original 2003 version
"I Cannot Justify" (Adrienne Young/Will Kimbrough) – 3:26
"Satan, Yer Kingdom Must Come Down" (traditional) – 1:29
"Home Remedy" (Adrienne Young/Will Kimbrough) – 3:41
"Plow to the End of the Row" (Adrienne Young/Will Kimbrough) – 3:16
"Sadie's Song" - alternate version (Adrienne Young/Mark D. Sanders) – 4:13
"Groundhog" (traditional) – 2:01
"Cluck Old Hen" (traditional) – 2:22
"Nippers' Corner" (Adrienne Young/Courtney Little) – 4:25
"Conestoga" (Adrienne Young) – 4:19
"Lonesome Road Blues" - alternative version (traditional) – 4:38
"Poison" (Adrienne Young) – 4:43
"Her Eyes Were Watching God" (Adrienne Young/Carter Wood) – 3:42
"Blinded by Stars" (Adrienne Young/Alice Randall) – 4:00
"Soldier's Joy" (traditional) – 2:34
"Stripes" (Johnny Cash) – 2:53
"Spotted Pony" (traditional) – 2:30
"(Very) Little Birdy" (traditional) – 0:14
Personnel
Adrienne Young — vocals, banjo, guitar
Will Kimbrough — guitar, vocals, harmonica, resonator guitar, bass
Clayton Campbell — fiddle
Dave Roe — upright bass
Steve Ebe — drums
Tyler Grant — guitar, vocals
Paul Griffith — drums
David Henry — cello
Dave Jacques — bass
Amanda Kowalski — upright bass
Rick Lonow — drums
Bobby Memphis — bass
Billy Myers — bass
Brad Pemberton — drums
Robin Rucker — banjo
Steven Sandifer — percussion, vocals
Todd Schneider — harmonica
Ketcham Secor — banjo
References
Cristiano, Nick (2004) "Adrienne Young" San Jose Mercury News, 15 October 2004.
Russell, Kevin (2003) "ADRIENNE YOUNG Plow to the End of the Row..." Freight Train Boogie .
Teverbaugh, Rick. (2004) "Adrienne Young keeps plowing until the end" Country Standard Time .
Adrienne Young albums
2004 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plow%20to%20the%20End%20of%20the%20Row |
Ron Corning (born June 23, 1971) is an American television host. For 8 years he was the morning anchor at the ABC affiliate WFAA in Dallas, Texas. He co-anchored the station's morning newscast, Daybreak, and was the solo anchor of Midday, the station's one-hour noon newscast.
Corning was raised in Calais, Maine, and graduated from Wheaton College in Massachusetts. He began his broadcast career as a general assignment reporter and anchor for WDTV, the CBS affiliate in Bridgeport, West Virginia, and then WBOY, the NBC affiliate in Clarksburg, West Virginia. He was next hired at WTOV in Steubenville, Ohio where he performed similar newscasting duties, before moving to KTVI, the Fox station in St. Louis, Missouri. From there, he went on to the Fox affiliate in Seattle, Washington, KCPQ.
Corning made his jump to the national stage as host and news anchor of The Daily Buzz, a syndicated American morning television show broadcast on many affiliates of UPN and The WB stations (now The CW) across the country.
From 2004 to August 2006, Corning co-anchored World News Now and ABC World News This Morning. In 2006 while at ABC News, People Magazine' named Corning one of the 'Most Beautiful People'.
That same year MSN named him one of 'The Best Anchors'.
Corning joined Jodi Applegate as co-anchor of Good Day New York at the flagship FOX-owned affiliate WNYW on August 28, 2006. The station opted to not renew his employment contract while he was on leave for a scheduled vacation in April 2008. to make room for Fox News Channel correspondent Greg Kelly, son of NY Police Commissioner Ray Kelly
On September 17, 2008, Applegate was also released from the station. The two were reunited in November 2009 at Cablevision's News 12 Long Island as evening anchor team. Applegate left News 12 in October 2010.
In April 2011, Corning replaced Chris Flanagan as co-host of WFAA's Daybreak.
Corning left WFAA in March 2019. He has since appeared on podcasts covering pop culture and news events for The Dallas Morning News. Corning launched his own video podcast series titled "Morning After", which, after initially being produced by On-Air Media, was licensed and produced as a daily morning show on Nexstar’s KDAF, the CW affiliate in Dallas-Fort Worth. Corning served as co-host and Executive Producer until April of 2022. He remains a special events contributor for the station, and continues his work for the Dallas Morning News.
References
External links
Ron Corning guest stars in the satiric web series Lester & Charlie
1971 births
Living people
New York (state) television reporters
Television anchors from New York City
People from Calais, Maine
Wheaton College (Massachusetts) alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Corning |
Bite Me may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
Film and television
Bite Me! (film), a 2004 horror film
Bite Me (2019 film), an American romantic comedy film
Bite Me, a 2016 comedy show written by Joanne McNally
"Bite Me" (CSI), a sixth-season episode of the television series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
"Bite Me" (Charmed), a fourth-season episode of the television series Charmed
"Bite Me", a sixth-season episode of the television series Medium
Music
"Bite Me" (song), a 2021 song by Avril Lavigne from Love Sux
"Bite Me", a 1992 song by "Weird Al" Yankovic from Off the Deep End
"Bite Me", a 2005 song by Electric Six from Señor Smoke
"Bite Me", a 2023 song by Freya Ridings from Blood Orange
"Bite Me", a 2023 song by Enhypen from Dark Blood
"Bite Me!", a 2010 song by Hocico from Tiempos de Furia
Other uses in media
Bite Me, a web series produced by Machinima
See also
Bite Me: A Love Story, a 2010 novel by Christopher Moore
Bite Me: Narrative Structures and Buffy the Vampire Slayer, a 2003 Australian publication relating to the "Buffyverse"
Bite Me! Chameleon, the English title of the Japanese manga Chameleon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bite%20Me |
The Battle of Grand Gulf was fought on April 29, 1863, during the American Civil War. Union Army forces commanded by Major General Ulysses S. Grant had failed several times to bypass or capture the Confederate-held city of Vicksburg, Mississippi, during the Vicksburg campaign. Grant decided to move his army south of Vicksburg, cross the Mississippi River, and then advance on the city. A Confederate division under Brigadier General John S. Bowen prepared defenses—Forts Wade and Cobun—at Grand Gulf, Mississippi, south of Vicksburg. To clear the way for a Union crossing, seven Union Navy ironclad warships from the Mississippi Squadron commanded by Admiral David Dixon Porter bombarded the Confederate defenses at Grand Gulf on April 29. Union fire silenced Fort Wade and killed its commander, but the overall Confederate position held. Grant decided to cross the river elsewhere.
The next day, Union forces crossed the river at Bruinsburg, Mississippi. A Union victory in the Battle of Port Gibson on May 1 secured the beachhead and forced the abandonment of the position at Grand Gulf, which became a Union supply point. Grant's command moved inland, and after defeating Confederate forces in the Battle of Champion Hill on May 16, began the Siege of Vicksburg two days later. Vicksburg surrendered on July 4, marking a major Confederate defeat and a turning point in the war. The Grand Gulf battlefield is preserved in Grand Gulf Military State Park, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.
Background
Early in the American Civil War, the Union military leadership developed the Anaconda Plan, which was a strategy to defeat the Confederate States of America. A significant component of this strategy was controlling the Mississippi River. Much of the Mississippi Valley fell under Union control in early 1862 after the capture of New Orleans, Louisiana, and several land victories. The strategically important city of Vicksburg, Mississippi was still in Confederate hands, serving as a strong defensive position that commanded the river and prvented the Union from separating the two halves of the Confederacy. Union Navy elements were sent upriver from New Orleans in May to try to take the city, a move that was unsuccessful. In late June, a joint army-navy expedition returned to make another campaign against Vicksburg. Union Navy leadership decided that the city could not be taken without more infantrymen, who were not forthcoming. An attempt to cut Williams's Canal across a meander of the river in June and July, bypassing Vicksburg, failed.
In late November, about 40,000 Union infantry commanded by Major General Ulysses S. Grant began moving south towards Vicksburg from a starting point in Tennessee. Grant ordered a retreat after a supply depot and part of his supply line were destroyed during the Holly Springs Raid on December 20 and Forrest's West Tennessee Raid. Meanwhile, another arm of the expedition under the command of Major General William T. Sherman left Memphis, Tennessee, on the same day as the Holly Springs Raid and traveled down the Mississippi River. After diverting up the Yazoo River, Sherman's men began skirmishing with Confederate soldiers defending a line of hills above the Chickasaw Bayou. A Union attack on December 29, was defeated decisively at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, and Sherman's men withdrew on January 1, 1863.
By late March, further attempts to bypass Vicksburg had failed. Grant then considered three plans: to withdraw to Memphis and retry the overland route through northern Mississippi; to move south along the west side of the Mississippi River, cross below Vicksburg, and then strike for the city; or to make an amphibious assault across the river directly against Vicksburg. An assault across the river risked heavy casualties, and a withdrawal to Memphis could be politically disastrous if the public perceived such a movement as a retreat. Grant then decided upon the downstream crossing. The advance along the west bank of the Mississippi began on March 29, and was spearheaded by Major General John A. McClernand's troops. The movement down the river was masked by decoy operations such as Steele's Greenville expedition, Streight's Raid, and Grierson's Raid. Confederate regional commander John C. Pemberton fell for the Union decoys (especially Grierson's Raid), and lost touch with the true tactical situation, believing Grant was withdrawing.
Prelude
On multiple occasions in mid-1862, Confederate field artillery harassed Union Navy vessels from Grand Gulf, Mississippi, which was located along the Mississippi River to the south of Vicksburg. The town was largely burned by Union troops attempting to suppress the Confederate guns. In early March 1863, the Confederates decided to rebuild fortifications at Grand Gulf, and the brigade of Brigadier General John S. Bowen was transferred there. By the middle of the month, Bowen's troops and several slaves were working on building new defenses and strengthening the existing ones. Heavy cannons were transferred to the position, but before those guns could arrive, a skirmish occurred on March 19, between the Confederate defenders and two Union Navy ships: the sloop-of-war USS Hartford and the schooner USS Albatross. The exchange was not protracted and the Confederates suffered no loss; the Union had eight men killed or wounded on Hartford. Soon afterwards, five heavy guns arrived at Grand Gulf: two pieces and three 32-pounder rifled cannons.
In early April, Bowen became aware of Grant's movement down the west side of the Mississippi River, and sent part of his force under the command of Francis Cockrell across the river on April 4, to counter the Union movement. Bowen informed Pemberton of Grant's advance, but the latter officer disregarded the information. The Union Navy forces cooperating with Grant, which were commanded by David Dixon Porter and known as the Mississippi Squadron, were positioned north of Vicksburg, but there was a need for vessels to move south for operations near Port Hudson, Louisiana, as well as to provide a stronger protecting force for the transports that would ferry troops in Grant's planned crossing of the Mississippi River. Beginning two hours after nightfall on April 16, Porter ran several vessels past the batteries at Vicksburg, with the loss of only a transport and a barge. Pemberton learned of the passing of the batteries, and began to develop a clearer picture of the true strategic situation. Grand Gulf was reinforced by Brigadier General Martin E. Green's brigade; when this unit arrived Pemberton elevated the concentration at Grand Gulf to divisional status with Bowen in command. With the addition of a miscellaneous command of 800 men and a four-gun battery sent from Jackson, Mississippi, there were about 4,200 Confederate troops around Grand Gulf.
After dark on April 22, more transports were run down the river past Vicksburg: one transport and several barges were lost, and all of the surviving transports were damaged. Porter had been prepared to bombard Grand Gulf on April 23, with McClernand providing an infantry force to land there afterwards, but believing a false report of the Confederates having 12,000 men at Grand Gulf, called off the attack. McClernand observed Grand Gulf later that day, as did Grant the next day. Both determined the Confederate position was not as strong as had been reported. Union forces moved further downriver, and opened a base of operations at Hard Times Landing. By April 28, most of McClernand's men had been loaded onto transports in preparation for the river crossing. Hoping to further distract the Confederates, Grant suggested another feint: this one to be made by Sherman up the Yazoo River. Grant had some hesitations about such a feint, believing that reports of it might be misconstrued by the Union public as another Chickasaw Bayou-style defeat, but Sherman continued with the operation. Sherman's movement resulted in the Battle of Snyder's Bluff, which saw Union warships and transports loaded with infantry move up the Yazoo River on April 29, and skirmish with Confederate forces during the next two days. Overall, it was not particularly effective as a distractionn.
On April 28, Pemberton finally realized the importance of the Union buildup near Grand Gulf. He ordered Carter L. Stevenson to prepare a 5,000-man force to be sent to Grand Gulf at Bowen's discretion, but Stevenson still regarded the Union move south as a feint in preparation for an assault directly against Vicksburg. Bowen lacked a cavalry force for scouting, as the cavalry at Grand Gulf had been sent elsewhere to chase down Grierson's Raid. The work on the defenses at Grand Gulf had resulted in a much stronger position than had been there at the beginning of March. Two forts were the strongpoints of the fortification. The stronger was known as Fort Cobun, and the other as Fort Wade.
Fort Cobun was positioned on a tall bluff known as Point of Rock and had a parapet that was about in width. It mounted four cannonstwo 32-pounder guns, an 8-inch Dahlgren gun, and a 30-pounder Parrott riflewhich were crewed by Battery A, 1st Louisiana Heavy Artillery. Fort Wade was located downriver, on a point above the level of the river and away from it. This fort mounted a 100-pounder Blakely rifle, another 8-inch Dahlgren piece, and two more 32-pounders. These pieces were worked by Wade's Missouri Battery and Guibor's Missouri Battery. In between the two forts were two rows of rifle pits and a covered passageway. The 3rd Missouri Infantry Regiment held this position. A secondary line of rifle pits to the rear on a ridge was defended by five smaller Parrott rifles and the 6th Missouri Infantry Regiment. Two more cannons and the 1st Confederate Battalion were positioned on a bluff to guard the mouth of the Big Black River, with some sharpshooters from Arkansas, Dawson's Missouri Battery, and a dismounted cavalry unit positioned further up the Big Black River. Porter believed the Confederates were too well-prepared for an attack against Grand Gulf to be worthwhile, and instead suggested that the army march further south, accompanied by the navy's ironclad warships to cover the movement of its transports. Grant had the area north of Grand Gulf assessed for suitable crossing points, but none could be found. Grant believed that the position would not be difficult to take, so the assault against Grand Gulf would occur as planned.
Battle
At 7:00a.m. on April 29, seven Union Navy ironclads led by Porter moved down the river from Hard Times Landing towards the positions at Grand Gulf. Roughly 30,000 Union infantry were in the Hard Times Landing area, of whom about 10,000 were on transports. The men on the transports, which had pulled away from the landing and were sheltered behind a spit of land named Point Coffee, were intended to cross the river and occupy Grand Gulf once the Confederate batteries were subdued. Of Porter's ironclads, USS Pittsburgh was in the lead, followed by USS Louisville, USS Carondelet, and USS Mound City. A second wave composed of USS Benton, USS Tuscumbia, and USS Lafayette followed. A total of 81 cannons were carried by these vessels, compared to 13 in the Confederate positions. The naval forces also had the advantage in size of artillery: the majority of the Confederate guns were 30-pounders or smaller, as opposed to the median Union piece being a 42-pounder. The ironclads first targeted Fort Cobun, then Pittsburgh, Louisville, Carondelet, and Mound City moved to focus on Fort Wade; the other three remained focused on Fort Cobun. After passing Fort Cobun, the ships turned so that their bows pointed upstream. The lead Union vessels opened fire at about 7:50a.m., and Fort Cobun responded about 25 minutes later. Currents in the river caught some of the Union vessels, forcing them to spin in circles while the Confederate fired upon them. After the shooting started, the 12th Arkansas Sharpshooter Battalion was moved forward from a reserve position into rifle pits near Fort Cobun.
Although Pittsburgh, Louisville, Carondelet, and Mound City each carried 13 guns, the positioning of the guns on the ships allowed a maximum of four guns at a time to be aimed at the Confederate fortifications, reducing the Union firepower. By 10:00a.m., Fort Wade was knocked out of action. One of the large cannons in Fort Wade had exploded, the fortifications themselves had been severely damaged, and Colonel William F. Wade, commanding the post, had been decapitated by Union fire. The surviving cannons at Fort Wade had been buried under earth from the damaged fortifications. The four Union vessels that had silenced Fort Wade moved upriver to face the remaining Confederate fort, which fought on. A Confederate shot struck Benton, destroying the ship's wheel. Confederate troops in the rifle pits also fired into the Union vessels. Around 1:00 p.m., Fort Cobun decreased its fire due to ammunition shortages. However, Porter and Grant decided not to attempt an amphibious landing against Grand Gulf due to the strength of the Confederate position. Despite the damage and the ammunition shortage, the Confederate batteries were still capable of repulsing a landing from the transports. During the action, Porter had been struck in the back of his head with a shell fragment; the painful wound caused him to use his sword as a cane. The naval vessels had fired more than 2,300 shots during the bombardment.
Confederate fire had focused the heaviest on Benton, Pittsburgh, and Tuscumbia. The former vessel had taken 47 hits, Pittsburgh 35, and the latter over 80. Tuscumbia was poorly built (for instance, the spikes holding the ship's iron plating on were not secured with nuts), and had been badly damaged and knocked out of the fighting. Historians Michael B. Ballard and Ed Bearss state that the Union forces lost 18 men killed and 57 wounded, for a total of 75, with historians William L. Shea and Terrence J. Winschel instead placing Union casualties at 24 killed and 56 wounded, including a few men from the army serving on the warships in a volunteer capacity. According to Ballard and Bearss, Confederate losses totaled 22: three dead and 19 wounded; historian Donald L. Miller and Shea and Winschel state that the Confederates lost 18 men, the difference being in wounded.
Aftermath
After the naval bombardment was unable to neutralize the Confederate position at Grand Gulf, the troops on the transports returned to dry land. Later that day, the Union transports and barges were run downriver, under the covering fire of Porter's gunboats. The vessels were able to make it downriver safely; Porter lost one man in the affair and the Confederates lost none. Grant's infantrymen marched downriver to Disharoon's plantation, where the transports had been gathered after passing Grand Gulf. Two crossing points below Grand Gulf were considered by Grant: Rodney, Mississippi, or Bruinsburg, Mississippi. Bowen expected Union troops to cross at the former. Discussions between Union scouts and an African American, who was possibly named Bob, yielded the information that a usable road ran from Bruinsburg to Port Gibson, so Bruinsburg was selected as the crossing point.
Late on April 29, expecting a Union crossing of the river, Bowen sent a detachment from his command to hold Port Gibson, and the next day sent reinforcements that had arrived from Vicksburg to that place as well. On the morning of April 30, the Bruinsburg crossing began. McClernand's corps and a portion of Major General James B. McPherson's corps led the way. By the next morning, 24,000 Union soldiers had crossed the river without opposition. More of McPherson's men crossed on May 1. Early that morning, the Confederates near Port Gibson encountered McClernand's advancing troops. The ensuing Battle of Port Gibson was a hard-fought Union victory. Winning the battle protected the Union beachhead and rendered Grand Gulf indefensible. Pemberton ordered Bowen to abandon the position, and the Confederates spiked the cannons there early on May 3. Union forces occupied the position after the Confederates withdrew, and it became a supply point during the ongoing campaign. Portions of Sherman's corps crossed the river at Grand Gulf late on May 6 and into May 7.
Grant's men swung inland towards the railroad supplying Vicksburg. After the Battle of Raymond on May 12, Grant decided to swing east to disperse the Confederate reinforcements gathering at Jackson. Jackson was taken on May 14, and two days later, Pemberton's attempt to defeat Grant outside of Vicksburg was defeated in the climactic Battle of Champion Hill. The Siege of Vicksburg began on May 18, and ended in a Confederate surrender on July 4. The capture of Vicksburg divided the Confederacy along the Mississippi River, and with the Union victory at the Siege of Port Hudson, gave the Union control of the river. Together with a Confederate defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg on July 3, the fall of Vicksburg marked a turning point in the war. The war ended in 1865 with a Confederate defeat.
The site of the battle is preserved by Grand Gulf Military State Park. The park contains the land where forts Wade and Cobun were located, as well as an observation tower, a museum, and the remains of the old town of Grand Gulf. The park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 11, 1972.
Notes
References
Sources
Further reading
CWSAC Report Update
Vicksburg campaign
Battles of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
Claiborne County, Mississippi
Confederate victories of the American Civil War
Grand Gulf
Grand Gulf
Conflicts in 1863
1863 in Mississippi
Riverine warfare
April 1863 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Grand%20Gulf |
Deland may refer to:
People
Betty Deland, Swedish actor
Carolina Deland, Swedish actor
Charlotta Deland, Swedish actor
Pierre Deland, Swedish actor
Places
DeLand, Florida
De Land, Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deland |
The Battle of Snyder's Bluff was fought from April 29 to May 1, 1863, during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. Federal Major General Ulysses S. Grant had decided to move most of his army down the west bank of the Mississippi River and then cross south of Vicksburg, Mississippi, at Grand Gulf as part of his campaign against the city. To cover his planned crossing, Major General William T. Sherman took Francis P. Blair Jr.'s division of his XV Corps on a maneuver up the Yazoo River to feint at Confederate defenses at Snyder's Bluff and Drumgould's Bluff.
Along with a naval force commanded by Lieutenant Commander K. Randolph Breese, Sherman's men entered the Yazoo River on April 29, and the next day approached the Confederate defenses. Breese's ships bombarded the Confederate defenses in the morning, while in the afternoon, a land assault accomplished little and failed to convince the Confederates that the Yazoo River expedition was anything more than a distraction. On May 1, more infantry probes were made, but Sherman received orders from Grant to return to the main Federal force as a result of operations in the Grand Gulf area. A gunboat bombardment on the afternoon of May 1 caused more damage than the previous day's. The operation failed to convince the Confederates that it was anything more than a feint. While reinforcements to Grand Gulf were delayed, this was not caused by Sherman's operation. Federal naval element had been unable to silence Confederate defenses at Grand Gulf in the Battle of Grand Gulf on April 29, but Grant simply moved his crossing further downriver. The campaign ended in a Federal victory on July 4 and represented a major turning point in the war.
Background
Early in the American Civil War, Federal military leadership developed the Anaconda Plan, which was a strategy to defeat the Confederate States of America. A significant component of this strategy was controlling the Mississippi River. Much of the Mississippi Valley fell under Federal control in early 1862 after the capture of New Orleans, Louisiana, and several land victories. The strategically important city of Vicksburg, Mississippi was still in Confederate hands, serving as both a strong defensive position by commanding the river and as the linchpin between the two halves of the Confederacy. Federal Navy elements were sent upriver from New Orleans in May to try to take the city, a move that was ultimately unsuccessful. In late June, a joint army-navy expedition returned to make another campaign against Vicksburg. Federal Navy leadership decided that the city could not be taken without more infantrymen, who were not forthcoming. An attempt to cut a canal across a meander of the river, bypassing Vicksburg, failed.
In late November, about 40,000 Federal infantry commanded by Major General Ulysses S. Grant began moving south towards Vicksburg from a starting point in Tennessee. Grant ordered a retreat after a supply depot and part of his supply line were destroyed during the Holly Springs Raid and Forrest's West Tennessee Raid. Meanwhile, another arm of the expedition under the command of Major General William T. Sherman left Memphis, Tennessee on the same day as the Holly Springs Raid and traveled down the Mississippi River. After diverting up the Yazoo River, Sherman's men began skirmishing with Confederate soldiers defending a line of hills above the Chickasaw Bayou. A Federal attack on December 29 was defeated decisively at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, and Sherman's men withdrew on January 1, 1863.
Prelude
By late March, further attempts to bypass Vicksburg had failed. Grant then considered three plans: to withdraw to Memphis and retry the overland route through northern Mississippi; to move south along the west side of the Mississippi River, cross below Vicksburg, and then strike for the city; or to make an amphibious assault across the river against Vicksburg. An assault across the river risked heavy casualties, and a withdrawal to Memphis could be politically disastrous if the public perceived such a movement as a retreat. Grant then decided upon the downstream crossing. The advance along the west bank of the Mississippi began on March 29, and was spearheaded by Major General John A. McClernand's troops. The movement down the river was masked by decoy operations such as Steele's Greenville expedition, Streight's Raid, and Grierson's Raid. Confederate regional commander John C. Pemberton fell for the Federal decoys (especially Grierson's Raid), and lost touch with the true tactical situation, believing Grant was withdrawing.
By late April, McClernand's men had made the march downriver, and Major General James B. McPherson's men were on the way. Major General William T. Sherman's XV Corps was intended to follow later, but, on April 27, Grant changed his plan for Sherman's men. An attack at Grand Gulf, Mississippi, followed by an amphibious crossing by McClernand's corps, was planned for April 29, and Grant wanted to divert Confederate attention away from the crossing attempt. Sherman and a detachment from the XV Corps were to, if practical, approach Confederate defensive works northeast of Vicksburg at Snyder's Bluff and conduct a feint. Grant expressed some hesitancy about the feint, and left final judgment to Sherman; Grant feared that the failure of the mock attack would be viewed by the Northern public as another Chickasaw Bayou-style defeat. Unconcerned about the opinions of the press, Sherman decided to continue on. However, Sherman carried some doubts about Grant's overall plan, fearing that it might be necessary for Sherman to take his whole corps downriver and bail out Grant in case of failure.
Battle
Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter delegated responsibility for the naval portion of the operations to Lieutenant Commander K. Randolph Breese. Breese supported the operation, but wanted to wait for the arrival of the ironclad USS Choctaw. Waiting on April 28 for Choctaw to arrive, Major General Francis P. Blair Jr.'s division was issued three days' rations and 60 rounds of ammunition. At about 5:00 pm, Choctaw arrived, and the expedition set off the next morning. Transportation up the Yazoo River was provided by ten troops transports, six of whom had ersatz defensive works made of hay bales on their decks. Those six transports each mounted two cannon, drawn from Battery A, 1st Illinois Light Artillery Regiment and Battery B, 1st Illinois Light Artillery Regiment. The transports were escorted by a group of 11 naval ships: the flagship USS Black Hawk, Choctaw, the ironclad USS Baron DeKalb, the timberclad USS Tyler, the tinclads USS Romeo, USS Linden, USS Signal, and USS Petrel, and three mortar scows.
The vessels reached the junction of Chickasaw Bayou and the Yazoo River on the afternoon of April 29, and stopped for the night, in the vicinity of the old Chickasaw Bayou battlefield. The next morning, the convoy resumed its movement, although Petrel was left behind as a guard, to prevent Confederates from placing naval mines in the river. Firing began at about 10:00 am, when Baron DeKalb and Choctaw opened fire on Confederate positions at Drumgould's Bluff, a bluff located downriver from Snyder's Bluff. Black Hawk and Tyler also opened fire, and the mortar scows positioned themselves and opened fire. Linden guarded the mortar scows, while Romeo and Signal remained in the rear in a supporting position. The Confederate defenses in the area were commanded by Brigadier General Louis Hébert, and contained 16 heavy cannon. Defensive entrenchments were also present at the position. A raft had previously been constructed near Snyder's Bluff to block passage up the river, but it had washed out on April 26.
The Federal ironclads were at a disadvantage, as they could only fire their broadside guns due to ships' positioning. Hébert wanted to prevent the Federals from learning of his positions too quickly, and so he delayed ordering his guns to open fire. Once the Confederates opened fire, the largest guns could only target Choctaw, although some of the other cannon were able to fire at other targets. Tyler was damaged by a shot from a 12-pounder Whitworth rifle and had to withdraw, while Choctaw took 47 hits without serious damage. Some men from the 3rd Louisiana Infantry Regiment attempted to harass Baron DeKalb, but were driven off by a landing party from the vessel. During the artillery bombardment, Federal soldiers landed on shore and attempted to corral cattle, causing a stampede.
The Federal gunboats withdrew, and Hébert found that only two of his men had been wounded during the bombardment, and that the defenses had not suffered serious damage. During the afternoon, some of Blair's men landed. Due to flooding, the infantrymen were only able to advance over the path of a levee. The Federals came under fire from the 3rd Louisiana and Confederate artillery, and were prevented from further advancing. The Federal mock attack had not been convincing, and the Confederates suspected that it might be a demonstration.
On the morning of May 1, Sherman landed the 8th Missouri Infantry Regiment on the west side of the river, but a bayou and Confederate artillery fire from across the river forced them to withdraw. Two other Federal regiments scouted Drumgould's Bluff, and learned that the Confederates had strengthened their positions. Sherman and Breese held a conference, and decided to resume gunboat fire at 3:00 pm. However, Sherman received an urgent message that Grant had written on April 29. The note informed Sherman that the Federals had passed Grand Gulf, and that Sherman needed to put two of his divisions on the move for the campaign. Sherman responded by placing Blair in charge of the Snyder's Bluff operations, ordering one of his divisions to guard the Young's Point, Louisiana, to Richmond, Louisiana, corridor, and mobilizing the other two on the march south.
At around 3:00 pm, Breese had Tyler, Choctaw, and Black Hawk move upriver to shell the Confederate positions, while Baron DeKalb fired from further downstream. Two Confederate guns were knocked out of action, and the Federal fire was more effective. Around dark, the Federals broke off the engagement. Blair's men moved out of the area on transports at around 8:00 pm, and the gunboats followed. Hébert reported that he had suffered no casualties in the day's fighting, while Tyler was the only Federal ship to have been struck during the exchange.
Aftermath
While Sherman later exaggerated the importance of the operation in his memoirs, Bearss writes that "Sherman's activities on the Yazoo made little impression on the Confederates who opposed them". While the Confederates delayed reinforcing Grand Gulf, this would have occurred even without Sherman's feint, largely due to poor performance by Confederate officers Pemberton and Carter L. Stevenson. Confederate officers at the bluff recognized the attack as a demonstration, although Miller writes that "Sherman's presence on the Yazoo did create further confusion about [Federal] intentions". The historians William L. Shea and Terrence J. Winschel write that the Snyder's Bluff demonstration is an example of Grant's commitment to actions designed to distract the Confederates during the campaigns against Vicksburg.
On April 29, Porter's gunboats had bombarded the Confederate positions at Grand Gulf in the Battle of Grand Gulf, but were unable to silence all of the Confederate guns. In response, Grant simply moved his crossing downriver from Grand Gulf to Bruinsburg, Mississippi. On May 1, Grant's lead elements defeated a Confederate force in the Battle of Port Gibson, opening the route to inland Mississippi. Grant changed his approach march to Vicksburg after the Battle of Raymond, moving towards Jackson, Mississippi, and then capturing the city. The defenders of Vicksburg fought Grant east of Vicksburg in the Battle of Champion Hill on May 16, but were defeated. Grant began the Siege of Vicksburg on May 18, and the Confederate surrendered the river town on July 4, marking a major turning point in the war.
References
Sources
Snyder's Bluff
Snyder's Bluff
Snyder's Bluff
Snyder's Bluff
History of Warren County, Mississippi
Snyder's Bluff
1863 in Mississippi
April 1863 events
May 1863 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Snyder%27s%20Bluff |
Minuteman Regional Vocational Technical High School is a Public Vocational High School (grades 9-12) located in Lexington, Massachusetts, United States. The school serves the towns of Acton, Arlington, Bolton, Concord, Dover, Lancaster, Lexington, Needham, and Stow. Minuteman is a member of the Commonwealth Athletic Conference for sports, which competes at the Division 5 level of athletics in Massachusetts. The school's mascot is the Mustangs, and the school's colors are navy blue, gold, and white. Minuteman was recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School by the Department of Education in 2018.
Curriculum and programs offered
Minuteman combines academics and college preparation (the main purpose of traditional high schools) with carefully designed courses related to career exploration and learning (the main purpose of vocational-technical schools). The original school planners focused on needs of students living along Massachusetts' high-tech corridor. Other area schools, under state regulations, are not allowed to operate the Chapter 74 technical programs available at Minuteman.
Minuteman currently offers 19 different vocational & technical shop concentrations for the students. The programs Minuteman offers are listed below.
Animal Science
Bio-Technology
Horticulture
Environmental Technology
Health Occupations
Graphic Design
Programming and Web Design
Robotics
Engineering
Cosmetology
Culinary Arts
Early Education
Automotive
Carpentry
Electrical
Plumbing
Welding & Metal Fabrication
Advanced Manufacturing
Multimedia Engineering
Campus
Minuteman has a 65-acre campus that sits just west of Route 128, at the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue and Marrett Road (Route 2A) in Lexington, Massachusetts.
Athletics
Minuteman currently offers 16 different sports that students can participate in at the school. Minuteman is a member of the Commonwealth Athletic Conference for sports, and the school mascot is the Mustangs, and the schools colors are Navy Blue, Gold, and White. Minuteman's athletic teams compete at the Division 4 & 5 level in Massachusetts. A list of the sports offered at Minuteman are listed below.
Fall Sports
Football
Boys' Soccer
Girls' Soccer
Cross Country
Cheerleading
Golf
Winter Sports
Boys' Basketball
Girls' Basketball
Ice Hockey
Swimming
Spring Sports
Baseball
Softball
Lacrosse
Tennis
See also
List of high schools in Massachusetts
Vocational school
References
External links
Official website
Commonwealth Athletic Conference
Vocational education in the United States
Arlington, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Lexington, Massachusetts
High schools in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Public high schools in Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minuteman%20Career%20and%20Technical%20High%20School |
Necromancing the Stone may refer to:
"Necromancing the Stone" (Charmed), episode 109 of Charmed
"Necromancing the Stone" (Legends of Tomorrow), episode 48 of Legends of Tomorrow
Necromancing the Stone, a 2012 novel by Lish McBride | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necromancing%20the%20Stone |
A hearth son was, in medieval England, a younger son of a landed knight or baron, who due to the laws of feudal inheritance, did not have his own land. Unlike in Anglo-Saxon times, when land was split between surviving sons, during the Middle Ages the eldest son of a landed family inherited the estate entire. As such, younger sons had no income, and resided in a family member's home. There they would live out the rest of their days, most likely unmarried due to the undesirability of an unlanded groom, and waiting for a chance to make it on their own. This term first appears in English lawbooks and is further discussed in the book "William Marshal" by the historian David Crouch.
Feudalism in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hearth%20son |
Rydzynki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Tuszyn, within Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately west of Tuszyn and south of the regional capital Łódź.
References
Rydzynki | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydzynki |
A cat house is a cattery, a place where cats are housed.
Cat house may also refer to:
Places
Cat house (Kiev), a building in Kiev, Ukraine
Cat house (Riga), a building in Riga, Latvia
The Cat House, a house in Henfield, England
The Cat House on the Kings, a cat sanctuary in California, United States
In fiction
"Cat House" (Charmed), an episode of the television series Charmed
Cathouse: The Series, a television series documenting a brothel
Other uses
Cat House radar, Soviet radar system
An American slang word for a brothel
See also
Cathouse (disambiguation)
Cat condo, a piece of cat furniture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%20House |
The Battle of Goodrich's Landing, Louisiana, was fought on June 29 and June 30, 1863, between Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. The Confederates attacked several Union regiments, who were composed mostly of black soldiers, in an attempt to disrupt the campaign at Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Background
Goodrich's Landing was a cotton plantation owned by Henry Goodrich of East Carroll Parish, Louisiana. Situated on the west bank of the Mississippi River, the landing served as a shipping point for area cotton planters. When Union forces invaded the region in early 1862, they seized the plantation and established it as a base of operations in their advance against Vicksburg. As hundreds of escaped slaves flocked to the Union camp, neighboring plantation owners abandoned their properties and evacuated to the west, into Confederate held territory. The U.S. Government subsequently confiscated these properties and leased them to Northern entrepreneurs, who employed former slaves to grow cotton. By the summer of 1863, Union forces under the command of General U.S. Grant, had surrounded and besieged the city of Vicksburg. Confederate troops in Louisiana and Arkansas believed that by raiding Goodrich's Landing, they could disrupt Grant's supply-chain and relieve their compatriots at Vicksburg.
Battle
In June 1863, Confederates from Gaines's Landing, Arkansas, undertook an expedition to Lake Providence, Louisiana, in an effort to disrupt the Union assault on Vicksburg. The Union had constructed fortifications, on top of an old Indian mound about five miles northwest of Goodrich's Landing, guarding a military supply depot. The Confederates planned to attack the fort on June 29, but decided to demand an unconditional surrender first, which the Union forces accepted. Later in the day, Confederate Col. William H. Parsons encountered companies of the 1st Kansas Mounted Infantry and routed them. The Confederates then seized Union Army supplies stored at the landing, and began burning cotton on surrounding plantations (the Governor of Louisiana had issued orders for all cotton crops within the state to be destroyed, thereby keeping it out of Union hands). By the next morning, U.S. Naval boats had landed the Mississippi Marine Brigade, under the command of Brig. Gen. Alfred W. Ellet, at Goodrich's Landing. At dawn, he set out with Col. William F. Wood's black troops to find the Confederate raiders. Ellet's cavalry encountered the enemy first and began skirmishing. The fight became more intense as Wood's forces approached. Parsons eventually disengaged and fell back, taking his captured supplies with him.
Aftermath
Although the Confederate expedition was successful, having disrupted Union operations and captured much-needed supplies, the raid failed in its primary objective, which was to divert Union attention from the siege at Vicksburg. The following month, on July 4, the Confederate forces at Vicksburg surrendered and the Union gained undisputed control of the Mississippi River.
References
External links
CWSAC Report Update
Goodrich's Landing
Goodrich's Landing
Goodrich's Landing
Goodrich's Landing
East Carroll Parish, Louisiana
1863 in Louisiana
June 1863 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Goodrich%27s%20Landing |
KPSZ (940 AM, "Hope 940") is a commercial radio station in Des Moines, Iowa. The station is owned by Saga Communications, and operates as part of its Des Moines Radio Group. KPSZ's studios and offices are located on Locust Street in Des Moines along with Saga's other local stations (KRNT, KSTZ, KIOA, KOEZ and KAZR). KPSZ broadcasts a Christian talk and teaching radio format. National religious leaders heard on KPSZ include Adrian Rogers, David Jeremiah, Joyce Meyer and Jim Daly. Using a brokered programming model, hosts buy blocks of time on KPSZ and may use their shows to seek donations to their ministries.
KPSZ is powered at 10,000 watts by day and 5,000 watts at night. It uses a directional antenna with a six-tower array to protect other stations on 940 AM, a Canadian and Mexican clear channel frequency. The transmitter is on 228th Avenue at Carpenter Street in Hartford.
History
KIOA: 1948–1957
On January 15, 1948, the station signed on as KIOA. Its studios were located in the Onthank building at 10th and Mulberry in downtown Des Moines. The transmitter and towers are located two miles northeast of Hartford, Iowa. The owners of KIOA, the Independent Broadcasting Company, were also issued an FM construction permit for 93.7 FM, but the station was never put on the air.
KIOA was an independent station in its early years, not affiliated with any large radio network. This was a risky format in the post war era when network dramas, comedies, soap operas and game shows were very popular. KIOA stayed competitive with the "big three" (WHO, KRNT, and KSO), in the Des Moines market and waged a spirited battle with its main competitor in the MOR format, KCBC. Also during this era, KIOA competed with WHO for the television license on channel 13. Palmer Broadcasting and WHO would be granted the license for what became WHO-TV.
Top 40 era: 1957–1962
The first two major changes to KIOA since its birth came in 1957. In March the station moved its studios and offices out of the Onthank Building and into the old Tromar Ballroom at the corner of 5th and Park in downtown Des Moines. The second change that year would be one that would change the face of radio in Des Moines for the next 25 years.
On May 1, 1957, KIOA became the first Top 40 station in the Des Moines area. The station was a hit overnight, shooting straight to the top of the Hoopers ratings. Within a year, KIOA would be joined by KSO and KWKY in the Top 40 arena. Even with competition, KIOA stayed on top, consistently beating out KSO and KWKY would change formats a few times before settling on a country music format.
Station fire
During 1962, KIOA saw a ratings decline, as KSO was starting to cut in on KIOA's lead. This was due to some recent turnover of disk jockeys at KIOA as well as the excellent programming of Dick Vance. The final straw that pushed KIOA under KSO was when KIOA's studios burnt to the ground on February 26, 1963. By Noon that day, the station was up and running again from the transmitter site near Hartford.
The studios remained in Hartford until a new facility could be constructed at 803 Keosauqua Way in downtown Des Moines. This was the location of the "KIOA Fishbowl", where the DJs would broadcast in front of a plate glass window looking out at the city. This was similar to KSO's studios at 1910 Ingersoll Avenue.
Top 40 era: 1964–1974
By 1964, KIOA had settled down into its new studios and was under the leadership of program director Peter McLane, who led the station until 1977. KIOA surged back into its spot on top of the ratings. Shortly thereafter, KSO switched to a MOR format and the only competition for KIOA would be KDMI on the FM band. In 1968, KDMI left the Top 40 market, but KSO came back to compete with KIOA.
In 1972, two major changes would happen within the KIOA camp. In January the studios and offices were moved again down the street to 215 Keosauqua Way in downtown Des Moines. The second change was the acquisition of KYNA at 93.3 FM. There was discussion of moving the top 40 programming to the FM and turning KIOA into a country station, but in the end, the AM stayed the same and the FM became an oldies station. This was due in part to KSO switching to a country station and KIOA once again not having any rivals in the top 40 market.
Decline of AM Top 40
By 1974, there was another new competitor in the market, KGGO, known as "GO 95". This station was put on FM by Stoner Broadcasting, owners of KSO, and was the first serious threat to KIOA since 1964.
With FM radios becoming more common and the superior sound quality of FM stereo, top 40 radio was one of the first casualties on the AM band. KIOA tried to stay competitive, but with Stauffer Communications' KRNQ coming on air with a top 40 format as well, it was apparent that a change needed to be made soon.
Adult contemporary: 1976–1986
In 1976, the decision was made to move the top 40 format to FM as KMGK and for KIOA to switch to an adult contemporary format. KIOA fell to the middle of the pack as far as ratings went and some long term personalities left or took jobs off the air with the station.
The station was stagnant and looking for its niche, when in 1984, Dic Youngs, a former on-air personality and currently a time salesman who had been with the station since 1966, started hosting the "Saturday Night Oldies Party". This feature became a hit immediately and helped to set the station in the right direction, and ran on KIOA through September 2007, when the show and Youngs moved to sister station KRNT.
Oldies era: 1986–1996
Due to the success of the "Saturday Night Oldies Party", the format was changed to oldies on a full-time basis in 1986. As part of the flip, KIOA began utilizing many of its jingles used during the station's original Top 40 run.
The lone challenge to KIOA's dominance of the oldies market was from KFMG, which attempted to compete with KIOA from 1988 to 1992. KIOA counteracted this by having KDWZ switch to KIOA-FM and simulcasting the oldies format on FM. In 1988, KIOA moved into newly constructed studios at 5161 Maple Drive in Pleasant Hill, Iowa. In 1993, the station was purchased by Saga Communications and moved to its present location at 1416 Locust Street in downtown Des Moines.
KXTK: 1996–2002
In 1996, the station had its first call letter change ever, changing to KXTK, leaving KIOA and oldies programming to KIOA-FM exclusively. The new station was known as "Talk 940" and featured nationally syndicated talk shows with no local news or programming. The station never took off and in 1999 it went back to simulcasting KIOA except for the morning drive time which featured Don Imus, syndicated from New York City.
In 2000, Michael Gartner, the owner of the Iowa Cubs, reached a lease agreement with Saga Communications to lease the station. The station retained the KXTK calls, but was now known as "Sports 940, The Big Ticket". During this time the studios were located at Sec Taylor Stadium at 350 SW 1st Street in Des Moines. "The Big Ticket" carried Sporting News Radio network programs, local talk shows with personalities such as Larry Morgan and Steve Deace, and I-Cubs, Drake Bulldogs, and Nebraska Cornhuskers games. During this time the station had competition from KXNO and KJJC. Des Moines proved to be too small a market for three sports stations and KXTK was the first casualty. This ended the lease arrangement, and Saga Communications took control of the station again on September 3, 2002.
Praise 940
On September 3, 2002, the station flipped to Christian radio programming as KPSZ, "Praise 940". It has a format of both national syndicated and locally produced religious talk along with Christian music. In August 2020, KPSZ rebranded as "Hope 940", retaining the same format and call letters.
Personalities and programming
KPSZ airs local and national Christian leaders. In its early years, KPSZ had a block of locally programmed Christian music from 3-7 p.m. weekdays, hosted by Doug Griffin. That was later replaced with Christian talk and teaching shows.
On weekend, KPSZ airs Don Thompson's "Music and Memories," as well as "That Good Ole Gospel Sound". Late nights, KPSZ carries programming from Singing News Radio, a Southern gospel music and talk network.
KPSZ also airs broadcasts minor league baseball games of the Iowa Cubs of the Pacific Coast League. KPSZ carries some Drake University women's basketball games when co-owned sports radio station KRNT is airing another sporting event at the same time.
References
External links
Des Moines Station Timeline, DesMoinesBroadcasting.com, accessed March 19, 2006
KXTK Pulls the Plug on All-Sports Radio by Bryce Miller, Des Moines Register, August 7, 2002
KPSZ Station Web site
Des Moines Radio Group: KPSZ
FCC History Cards for KPSZ
PSZ
PSZ
Radio stations established in 1948
1948 establishments in Iowa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KPSZ |
Uddingston railway station serves the town of Uddingston, South Lanarkshire, Scotland. ScotRail provides passenger services to this station on the Argyle Line and Shotts Line.
History
Overview
The first Uddingston station, on the east side of the Glasgow Road bridge, was opened by the Clydesdale Junction Railway on 1 June 1849. In 1878, it was replaced by the second one immediately west of the bridge. The station was renamed Uddingston Central (1952–1962) to avoid confusion with the nearby Uddingston (NB) renamed . The latter closing in 1955, the former reverted to Uddingston in 1962.
Prior to the 2014 Whifflet Line electrification, Argyle Line services provided through links to Central Low Level via and then onwards to via northbound and to Motherwell southbound (alternate services continued to ).
Access & facilities
The building on Station Road, housing various public facilities, leads to Platform 1 (Glasgow-bound trains). A footbridge over the double track connects to Platform 2 (Motherwell/Edinburgh-bound trains) and the car park.
Enhancements
Around 2005, ScotRail, SPT and South Lanarkshire Council funded improvements that included:
£610,000 investment in more than doubling the number of parking spaces and improving pedestrian access
installation of an automatic ticket vending machine and renewal of ticketing system within booking office
the opening of the "Coffee Stop"
addition of hanging baskets and floral beds through working with the local community
new station seating both on platforms and within the waiting room
installation of flat-screen destination displays for both platforms and waiting area
addition of fully accessible public toilets on Platform 1
addition of public telephone on Platform 1
refurbishment of the waiting room on Platform 1 to meet accessibility requirements including automatic doors and accessible ticket counter
Since 2005, a volunteer group has been responsible for beautifying the station precinct with flower beds and hanging baskets.
Free parking attracted commuters from outside the area. The proposal to expand the park and ride facility appears to have been actioned in 2019.
Accidents
1862: A worker at the coal depot was fatally crushed between some trucks and a passing train.
1867: On a westbound collision with the arch of the Glasgow Road bridge, a transported van rolled back into the following carriage, injuring five passengers, two seriously.
1892: A coal train struck a 12-year-old boy on the about to the west. After severing his right leg and left foot, he died within hours.
1900: A passenger train bisected the upper and lower parts of a man walking about to the west.
1901: A passing train sliced in two a man on the rail bridge.
1902: During fog, a passing engine inflicted massive head injuries to a man by the Haughhead Colliery signal box, about to the west.
1903: A passenger carriage sideswiped a bridge worker. Months later, an eastbound passenger train struck a man. After the front coupling hooked the mangled body, his clothing and limbs became scattered from the colliery signal box to .
1906: A westbound passenger train hauling three fruit vans at the rear, uncoupled one at . A brake failure caused the van to soon roll onto the main line, where it pursued and smashed into the rear of the train, which had inadvertently stopped west of Uddingston station. Eleven passengers received cuts and bruises, and the rolling stock incurred significant damage.
1908: A light engine hit a young man causing near fatal injuries.
1911: Near the Viewpark Colliery signal box, immediately east of Uddingston Junction, a westbound passenger train ran down two surfacemen. One died and the other sustained leg injuries and facial wounds.
1914: A porter seized a passenger, who was boarding a moving train. In the attempt to drag him back, both men dropped between the train and platform. The passenger sustained fractured ribs and the porter minor injuries. Later that year, a passing train fatally mangled a woman about to the west. The following month, a passing westbound express fatally injured a retired army doctor who fell from the platform.
1920: A passing train decapitated and mutilated a man west of the rail bridge.
1932: Falling between the carriage and the platform, a woman sustained two compound fractures below the knee.
1934: A westbound express fatally injured an LMS employee supervising repairs to the rail bridge.
1936: A passenger who dropped through a carriage window onto the platform, while his train bypassed the station, incurred minor injuries.
1957: On a 12-coach Mid-Day Scot, three of the five derailed units sustained serious damage. On board, one person was killed and five were injured. Restoring the of damaged track took 24 hours.
2013: An individual experienced leg injuries on being struck by a train.
2014: A cyclist became trapped under a train after riding off the platform edge.
Sidings
A goods yard existed to the north east of Glasgow Rd that included the siding for John Gray & Co.'s Uddingston Iron Works. The Viewpark Colliery siding, that stretched west-northwest, and slightly more east-southeast, from near the present day southern end of Spindlehowe Rd, was accessed initially from that location (just east of the Uddingston Junction), and later from the NBR.
Services
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|
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The hourly (two-hourly Sundays) Shotts Line terminates at Edinburgh Waverley.
East and West Coast Main Line trains pass through the station to/from but do not stop.
Passengers wishing to reach destinations on the routes via Central Low Level must change at Cambuslang or transfer between the main line and Low Level platforms at Central for onward connections.
Footnotes
References
Railway stations in South Lanarkshire
Former Caledonian Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1849
SPT railway stations
Railway stations served by ScotRail
1849 establishments in Scotland
Bothwell and Uddingston | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uddingston%20railway%20station |
Durg Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 11 Lok Sabha constituencies in Chhattisgarh state in central India.
Assembly segments
While most Lok Sabha seats in MP and Chhattisgarh have 8 assembly seats as their segments, Durg and Raipur seats in Chhattisgarh have nine assembly segments under them, and Chhindwara and Satna Lok Sabha seats in MP have only 7 segments under them.
Durg Lok Sabha constituency is composed of the following nine assembly segments:
Members of Parliament
^ by poll
Election results
See also
Durg district
List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha
References
Lok Sabha constituencies in Chhattisgarh
Durg district | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durg%20Lok%20Sabha%20constituency |
The San Lorenzo Department (in Spanish, Departamento San Lorenzo) is an administrative subdivision (departamento) of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. It is located in the south of the province. It limits with the populous Rosario Department and the Paraná River in the east; and from there (going clockwise) with the departments of Constitución (south), Caseros (east), Iriondo (east and north) and San Jerónimo (north).
The department has an area of 1,867 km² and a population of over 140,000 inhabitants. Its head town and most populated urban center is San Lorenzo (population 43,000). Other cities and towns are Aldao, Capitán Bermúdez, Carcarañá, Coronel Arnold, Fray Luis Beltrán, Fuentes, Luis Palacios, Puerto General San Martín, Pujato, Ricardone, Roldán, San Jerónimo Sud, Timbúes, and Villa Mugueta.
The San Lorenzo Department includes important ports on the Paraná River, such as the city of San Lorenzo itself and Puerto General San Martín (which ships 50% of the Argentine exports of soybean). This area also forms part of the so-called Industrial Corridor that stretches south towards Rosario and reaches up to San Nicolás de los Arroyos.
References
Inforama - Municipalities of the San Lorenzo Department.
Departments of Santa Fe Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Lorenzo%20Department |
The Treasury Board of Canada () is the Cabinet committee of the Privy Council of Canada which oversees the spending and operation of the Government of Canada and is the principal employer of the core public service. The committee is supported by the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, its administrative branch and a department within the government itself.
The committee is chaired by the president of the Treasury Board, currently Anita Anand, who is also the minister responsible for the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat.
Role
The Canadian Cabinet is arranged into several committees with varying responsibilities, but all other ones are informal structures and frequently change. Currently organized under the Financial Administration Act, the Treasury Board is the only one created by law and is officially a committee of the Privy Council.
Its role in government makes it far more powerful than most Cabinet committees as it is responsible for "accountability and ethics, financial, personnel and administrative management, comptrollership, approving regulations and most Orders-in-Council". It is also unique in that its committee chair, the president of the Treasury Board, is a member of Cabinet by virtue of holding that office—other Cabinet committees are chaired by minister holding seats in Cabinet by virtue of some other office.
Expenditure management
The Treasury Board oversees the expenditures of the federal government. Ministers submit funding proposals on behalf of their departments to seek financial approval for programs and policies approved in the federal budget or by Cabinet. The president of the Treasury Board is responsible for presenting the Estimates from these submissions to Parliament. The Estimates are prepared by the Secretariat in collaboration with the Department of Finance Canada.
Management and performance policies and principal employer
The Treasury Board, on advice of the Secretariat, sets policies regulating the authority of ministers and deputy ministers to administer and manage their departments, ensuring a government-wide approach to administration.
As the principal employer of the Government of Canada, it is responsible for labour relations, collective bargaining, and pension and benefits across the core public administration.
Secretariat
The Treasury Board is supported by the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, a federal department which acts as a central agency of the Government of Canada and is administered by members of the public service. The role of the Secretariat is to advise members the Treasury Board, develop policies for approval and administer certain programs on behalf of the Treasury Board.
Membership
The Treasury Board is composed of six Cabinet ministers, always including its president and the minister of finance. The current members, as of July 26, 2023, are as follows:
There are also a number of alternate members, who may attend Treasury Board meetings in the event of conflicts of interest. The prime minister, through a Governor in Council appointment, may designate as many alternate members as the committee may need. As of April 19, 2023, the following are alternate members of the Treasury Board:
See also
Security clearances
Info Source
Common Look and Feel
Related legislation
Access to Information Act
Auditor General Act
Official Languages Act
Privacy Act, 1983
Security of Information Act
References
Bibliography
External links
Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat
Former Presidents of the Treasury Board
Government of Canada
Committees | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treasury%20Board%20of%20Canada |
Heeze Castle () is situated in the Netherlands, south of Eindhoven. It used to be the centre of the seigneury of Heeze, Leende and Zesgehuchten, part of the Duchy of Brabant. In the Middle Ages, it was owned by the de Horne family. In the seventeenth Century Pieter Post designed a new castle, of which the first part was built in 1665. After Pieter Post died, the work was completed by his son Maurits Post.
Due to the rising costs of importing all building materials from other regions of the country, the build of the Post design was halted early and never finished. For this reason, the part of the castle that is used by the current owners was actually meant to be the servants' quarters. The biggest part of the castle was to be built behind the first courtyard.
In 1760 the castle was bought by Jan Maximiliaan van Tuyll van Serooskerken. The Van Tuyll van Serooskerken family has lived in the castle ever since.
Eymerick Castle
At the east of the building of Heeze Castle within the waters is a part of an older castle situated Eymerick Castle. This castle was already in 1659 in a bad shape. Because the building-plans of Heeze Castle were never completed this part of the old castle is still there.
See also
List of castles in the Netherlands
References
Kransber, D. & H. Mils, Kastelengids van Nederland, middeleeuwen, Bussem 1979 ()
Kalkwiek, K.A., A.I.J.M. Schellart, H.P.H. Jansen & P.W. Geudeke, Atlas van de Nederlandse kastelen, Alphen aan den Rijn 1980 ()
Helsdingen, H.W. van, Gids voor de Nederlandse kastelen en buitenplaatsen, Amsterdam 1966
Tromp, H.M.J., Kijk op kastelen Amsterdam 1979 ()
External links
Site of Heeze Castle
Historic house museums in the Netherlands
Castles in North Brabant
Museums in North Brabant
Rijksmonuments in North Brabant
Heeze-Leende | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heeze%20Castle |
The Corrs are an Irish folk rock/pop band consisting of siblings Andrea (lead vocals, tin whistle, mandolin, ukulele), Sharon (violin, vocals), Caroline (drums, piano, bodhrán, percussion, vocals) and Jim Corr (guitar, piano, keyboards, vocals). Formed in their hometown of Dundalk, Ireland, in 1990, the band's discography includes seven studio albums, three live albums and three compilation albums, as well as six video albums and twenty-six singles. This list does not include material recorded by The Corrs as solo artists.
Their debut album, Forgiven, Not Forgotten, was produced by David Foster and released in 1995 by Atlantic Records in conjunction with 143 Records. Preceded by debut single "Runaway", the album was an immediate success in both their home territory and Australia. Commercial success elsewhere was initially modest, however. Their 1997 follow-up, Talk On Corners, once again found the band receiving little attention outside Ireland and Australia. Meanwhile, the group had contributed a cover of Fleetwood Mac's "Dreams" to Legacy: A Tribute to Fleetwood Mac's Rumours. On 17 March 1998, they performed the song at London's Royal Albert Hall alongside Fleetwood Mac drummer Mick Fleetwood as part of the BBC's televised coverage of St. Patrick's Day. This event did much to raise the band's profile. Following this, Talk On Corners was re-released to include their cover of "Dreams", along with new single versions of "What Can I Do?", "So Young" and "Runaway". Selling almost 3 million copies in the UK, the album was the highest-selling release of 1998 and ninth highest-selling of 1999, and remains the nineteenth best-selling album of all time in British chart history. The album is also the twelfth highest-selling album of all time in Ireland.
Their first live album, Unplugged, was released in 1999 and was followed ten months later by In Blue. Dedicated to the memory of their mother Jean, who died during production of the album, it went straight to number one in Ireland with the third highest opening week sales in the history of the chart. Lead single "Breathless" gave them their first and only UK number one, while the album also attained platinum status in the United States for shipments of over one million units. The set also topped the charts in seventeen other countries.
Borrowed Heaven (2004) was a return to their Celtic roots, after the more pop-oriented In Blue. It peaked at number one in Ireland and was certified gold or platinum in numerous territories, including Australia, France, Germany and New Zealand, among others. Home, which featured traditional Irish music taken from their late mother's songbook, was released in 2005. Dreams: The Ultimate Corrs Collection (2006) was released following the announcement that the band would go on indefinite hiatus, citing personal reasons. In the following years, members of the band would go on to have eight children between them. Andrea would also go on to have starring roles in three feature films, and acted in the play Dancing at Lughnasa. Both Andrea and Sharon also released solo albums, Ten Feet High (2007) and Lifelines (2011); and Dream of You (2010) and The Same Sun (2013), respectively. The band reformed in 2015 and subsequently released a further two studio albums: White Light (2015) and Jupiter Calling (2017). The Corrs have sold more than 40 million albums worldwide.
In 2023, their 2001 Best of The Corrs will be re-released with three new Fleetwood Mac singles. The album is to be released on LP for the first time.
Albums
Studio albums
Live albums
Notes
A ^ Released only in Japan.
B ^ Released only in the US; charted in Ireland as an import release.
Compilation albums
Singles
Notes
Other charted songs
Videography
Video albums
Music videos
References
External links
Discography
Corrs, The
Folk music discographies
Corrs, The | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Corrs%20discography |
KWKY (1150 kHz) is an AM radio station broadcasting a Catholic talk and teaching format. Its city of license is Des Moines, Iowa, and is owned by St. Gabriel Communications, through licensee Trinity Communications, Inc. Most of the schedule is nationally syndicated shows from EWTN Radio and Ave Maria Radio.
KWKY broadcasts by day at 2,500 watts. To avoid interfering with other stations on the regional broadcast frequency of AM 1150, it reduces power at night to 1,000 watts and uses a directional antenna at all times. The station is also heard on FM translator station K233BT 94.5 MHz in Des Moines.
History
KWDM
The station signed on the airwaves as KWDM in 1948. The station was part of a trio of new stations that signed on that year in Des Moines including KIOA (now KPSZ) and KCBC (later KKSO, the forerunner of KBGG). The owner of KWDM was George Webber, who set up studios at 407 Fifth Avenue. Webber had an extensive musical library and KWDM was known for its eclectic mix of international music not heard elsewhere in Des Moines. The call sign stood for "Webber and Des Moines".
The station was never a huge ratings success, but had a devoted and loyal following of people who enjoyed their programming. In 1959 Webber sold the station to the 3M Corporation. He would later bring KWDM back on the air in 1964 as an FM station, at 93.3 MHz (now KIOA).
Top 40 KWKY
Once 3M completed its purchase of KWDM, they switched the call sign to KWKY. The station began 48 hours of stunting by playing Earl Brown's novelty record Pachalafaka for two days with a countdown to "Quickie" and the legal ID of "KWDM Des Moines" inserted in between the song. KWKY station management also attempted to purchase commercial time on KSO and KIOA to announce that "Quickie is coming." Once the stunting was done, KWKY was introduced as "Quickie 1150" with a new Top 40 format.
Going up against two well established Top 40 stations with much stronger signals larger coverage areas was not a successful decision. In 1960, KWKY adopted a Middle of the Road format similar to KCBC. In 1961, KWKY tried a Top 40 format again with similar results to the first attempt.
Country music
In 1962, the format was again changed, this time to country music. This marked the fifth format change in three years. It was with this format that KWKY would reach its highest levels of ratings success. KWKY dominated the country market for the next ten years, as the only full time AM country station in Des Moines.
The decline of KWKY started in 1972 when KSO switched from Top 40 to country music. With KSO's higher power and better coverage area, KWKY's complicated directional antenna pattern hurt it in the ratings. KWKY tried to compete for the next four years, but in the end, 3M decided to sell the station to the Putbrese family in 1976.
Christian radio
After the Putbrese family purchased KWKY, the format was switched to an Evangelical Christian talk and teaching format along with some high school sports. KWKY became a brokered-time station, with national and local religious leaders buying segments of time on the station, during which they could ask listeners for financial support for their ministries.
A fire in 1977 caused $70,000 worth of damages to KWKY's Norwalk studios. After 30 years of Evangelical Christian programming, a local group of Catholic business and religious leaders purchased the station through a non-profit corporation, St. Gabriel Communications. While the station still broadcasts religious programming, it is targeted towards Catholic listeners.
References
External links
FCC History Cards for KWKY
Radio stations established in 1948
1948 establishments in Iowa
WKY
Catholic radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KWKY |
Long Live the Queen may refer to:
"The king is dead, long live the king!", proclamation made following the accession of a new monarch
Long Live the Queen (film), a 1995 Dutch film
"Long Live The Queen" (song), a song by UK singer-songwriter Frank Turner
"Long Live the Queen" (Charmed), an episode of the television series Charmed
Long Live the Queen (video game), a 2012 PC video game by Hanako Games
"Long Live the Queen", an episode from The Legend of Korra TV series
See also
Long Live the Queens!, an album by British pop music duo Shakespears Sister | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20Live%20the%20Queen |
This is a list of the world's largest United Kingdom–based law firms by revenue in 2021.
This list excludes firms with a large presence in the U.K. that structure their operations as a Swiss Verein. This is because these firms structurally differ from the firms listed above, especially when it comes to sharing profits. Some of these firms include DLA Piper, Baker McKenzie, Dentons, Norton Rose Fulbright and Squire Patton Boggs among others.
See also
List of largest law firms by profits per partner
List of largest law firms by revenue
List of largest United States-based law firms by profits per partner
List of largest Canada-based law firms by revenue
List of largest Europe-based law firms by revenue
List of largest Japan-based law firms by head count
List of largest China-based law firms by revenue
References
Solicitors
United Kingdom
Law firms
Law firms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20largest%20United%20Kingdom%E2%80%93based%20law%20firms%20by%20revenue |
North American archaeological periods divides the history of pre-Columbian North America into a number of named successive eras or periods, from the earliest-known human habitation through to the early Colonial period which followed the European colonization of the Americas.
Stage classification
One of the most enduring classifications of archaeological periods and cultures was established in Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips' 1958 book Method and Theory in American Archaeology. They divided the archaeological record in the Americas into 5 phases, only three of which applied to North America. The use of these divisions has diminished in most of North America due to the development of local classifications with more elaborate breakdowns of times.
1. The Paleo-Indians stage and/or Lithic stage
2. The Archaic stage
3. Formative stage or Post-archaic stage - At this point the North American classifications system differs from the rest of the Americas.
For more details on the five major stages, still used in Mesoamerican archaeology, see Mesoamerican chronology and Archaeology of the Americas.
Table of archaeological periods North America
Culture, phase, and chronological table for the Mississippi Valley
See also
Archaeogenetics
Archaeological culture
Archaeology of the Americas
List of archaeological periods
Genetic history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
Notes
References
Bibliography
Milanich, Jerald T. (1998) Florida's Indians from Ancient Times to the Present. University Press of Florida.
Milanich, Jerald T. (1994) Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida. University Press of Florida.
Philip Phillips (1970). Archaeological Survey In The Lower Yazoo Basin, Mississippi, 1949-1955(Part One). Published by the Peabody Museum, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 77-80028.
Periods
History of indigenous peoples of North America
North America, Archaeological Periods
North America, Archaeological Periods
Archaeology, North America, Periods
North America, Archaeological Periods
North America-related lists
United States history-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20archaeological%20periods%20%28North%20America%29 |
Jarmila Wolfe (née Gajdošová, formerly Groth; born 26 April 1987) is a Slovak-Australian former tennis player.
In her career, she won two singles titles and one doubles title on the WTA Tour, as well as 14 singles and ten doubles titles on the ITF Women's Circuit. She won her first WTA Tour title in 2006, emerging as the Nordic Light Open doubles champion, her first singles title came in 2010 at the Guangzhou International Open, and the following year she won the Hobart International. In May 2011, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 25. In August 2012, she peaked at No. 31 in the doubles rankings. Her greatest achievement came at the 2013 Australian Open, where she won the mixed-doubles title with countryman Matthew Ebden.
Personal life
Wolfe's father Ján Gajdoš is an engineer, as was her mother who died in September 2012; her older brother Ján Gajdoš Jr. was a professional skier. She married Australian tennis player Sam Groth in February 2009 and competed as Jarmila Groth from 2009 to 2011. When the couple divorced in 2011, Wolfe reverted to her birth name. Following her marriage on 1 November 2015 to Adam Wolfe, from January 2016 on she was competing as Jarmila Wolfe. In November 2017, Wolfe gave birth to their first child, Natalia Jarmila Wolfe.
Junior career
Although she had already been playing in senior events for some years by the time, the highlights of her junior career came as she reached the semifinals at two junior Grand Slam tournaments. In the 2003 Wimbledon junior competition she lost in semifinal to the eventual winner Kirsten Flipkens. In the Australian Open junior competition, 2004, she reached semifinals in both singles and doubles (with Shahar Pe'er). Both times she lost to Nicole Vaidišová. Another success came in winning doubles at the Italian Open junior tournament in 2003 with Andrea Hlaváčková.
Professional career
2001–2003
Wolfe began competing as Jarmila Gajdošová on the ITF Women's Circuit just days after her 14th birthday in 2001, and that year entered three ITF tournaments, winning two matches and losing three. In 2002, she again entered only three tournaments, but this time won four matches and lost three.
Early in 2003, still aged 15, she stepped up her schedule, and that February she reached the semifinal of a $25k tournament at Redbridge, defeating Séverine Beltrame, Sandra Klösel, and Roberta Vinci before losing to Olga Barabanschikova. She won the next tournament she entered, her third of the year and only the ninth of her career. It was the $10k event at Rabat in March; and in the semifinal she defeated Ekaterina Bychkova. On the strength of this result, she found herself wildcarded into qualifying for her first WTA Tour event, a clay-court tournament at Budapest in April, and justified the wildcard by defeating all three of her opponents in the qualifying draw, including Melinda Czink, in straight sets, then Virginie Razzano in the second round of the main draw, before losing 4–6, 3–6 to Alicia Molik.
On her 16th birthday she entered qualifying for a $50k event on grass at Gifu, Japan. Again, she qualified defeating Aiko Nakamura in the qualifying round; and she reached the second round of the main draw before losing to another top Japanese player, Akiko Morigami. The next week, she came through three straight matches in qualifying at her third successive event, another Japanese $50k grass-court tournament at Fukuoka, defeating Sanda Mamić of Croatia in the qualifying round, before advancing to the quarterfinal of the main draw after a second-round victory over Zheng Jie, only to lose to Saori Obata.
At the US Open in August, she reached the final round of qualifying with upset of Anabel Medina Garrigues, but ultimately lost to Anikó Kapros of Hungary. Her season ended with two more losses in the later stages of qualifying draws at WTA events to higher ranked players. The 16-year-old Slovak ended the year ranked No. 197.
2004–2005
In 2004, she suffered six successive losses between August and October. Earlier in the season she scored wins over Lilia Osterloh and Tzipora Obziler in qualifying for Memphis, Akiko Morigami and Tiffany Dabek at Fukuoka, Zuzana Ondrášková in Wimbledon qualifying, and Elena Baltacha in a $50k event at Lexington, while her performance in reaching the final of the $50k event at Fukuoka was her career-best in a tournament of its class. Her year-end ranking was world No. 217.
In February 2005, she qualified for the annual WTA Tour event at Hyderabad, and beat Li Ting in the first round of the main draw before losing to Anna-Lena Grönefeld of Germany. She did not play in March or April, but returned in May to win her first $25k event and her second career tournament on the clay of Catania, Italy beating Ivana Abramović of Croatia in the final. The following week, she reached the quarterfinal of another $50k event at Saint-Gaudens, France beating Argentine María Emilia Salerni and French player Pauline Parmentier to this end. She entered qualifying at the French Open, and defeated Shikha Uberoi but lost to Sofia Arvidsson in the second leg.
Over May and June, the 18-year-old suffered two consecutive losses in $25k tournaments to Chinese player Yuan Meng. She was able to win her second $25k tournament of the year and third career title on the grass courts of Felixstowe in July, beating Katie O'Brien of Great Britain in the semifinal and Alla Kudryavtseva in the final. The following week, she reached the semifinals of the $50k event at Vittel, France with wins over German Jana Kandarr and her countrywoman Sandra Klösel.
For the second successive summer, she experienced several consecutive early defeats. But in late September she defeated Alona Bondarenko, Kateryna Bondarenko, and María Emilia Salerni to qualify for the WTA event at Luxembourg, in the first round of which she defeated Katarina Srebotnik in two close sets before losing to Dinara Safina. She had improved her year-end ranking to No. 147.
2006: Top 100 breakthrough and first WTA doubles titles
The 18-year-old Gajdošová came through the qualifying draw to gain entry to her first Grand Slam main draw at the Australian Open. She then lost a close three set first-round match to Martina Müller of Germany. But the ranking points accrued were sufficient to lift her to world No. 117 on 6 February 2006.
Staying in Australia for the rest of the month, she retreated temporarily to the ITF Circuit, winning two $25k tournaments in consecutive weeks, at Gosford and Sydney, the fourth and fifth ITF singles titles of her career. These two minor tournament victories resulted in her ranking rising to No. 106.
In mid-March, she followed up these two tournament victories by entering another $25k event at Canberra, and again came through as the victor, defeating world No. 178, Hanna Nooni, in the semifinals and Australian Monique Adamczak in the final.
The next week, she extended her winning streak to seventeen matches in reaching the quarterfinals of a $25k event in Melbourne, but then lost to Australian world No. 260 Sophie Ferguson, 1–6, 4–6. She had succeeded in breaking through into the WTA top 100 for the first time in her career.
In April, staying at the $25k tournament level that had recently brought her so much success, she reached another semifinal at Patras, Greece (losing in three sets to Estonian world No. 240, Margit Rüütel), but only reached the second-round at Bari, Italy before retiring when trailing upcoming French player Alizé Cornet 6–0, 4–1.
In early May she decided to return to the WTA Tour, entering qualifying for the Tier I German Open in Berlin while ranked world No. 94. However, she lost in three sets in the second round of the qualifying draw to Ukrainian world No. 147, Julia Vakulenko, 6–3, 6–7, 3–6. The next week, she lost in the first round of qualifying for the Tier I Italian Open in Rome to world No. 115, Victoria Azarenka, 3–6, 3–6.
At the end of the month, entering a Grand Slam tournament as a direct entrant for the first time at the French Open, as world No. 100, she defeated lower-ranked wildcard Stéphanie Cohen-Aloro in round one before losing in straight sets to world No. 9, Patty Schnyder, in round two.
The following week, in early June, she entered a $75k event at Prostějov in the Czech Republic and defeated two Czech players in succession, world No. 31, Lucie Šafářová, and world No. 239, Renata Voráčová (3–6, 6–2, 7–6), before losing in the quarterfinals to in-form Italian Romina Oprandi in straight sets, 3–6, 4–6.
Buoyed by her career-best ranking of world No. 86, she reached the second round of the Tier III tournament at Birmingham with a 6–3, 6–4 win over Yuan Meng before losing to Japanese veteran Ai Sugiyama. She then came through three rounds of qualifying in straight sets at Eastbourne, a Tier II tournament, with wins over Stéphanie Foretz, Galina Voskoboeva and Samantha Stosur, but lost in the first round of the main draw to Russian former world No. 2, Anastasia Myskina. A week later, as a direct entrant at Wimbledon, she lost to Australian Nicole Pratt in the first round.
At the $50k event in Vittel, France she won the event, beating Frenchwoman Olivia Sanchez. Her ranking rose to No. 86. However, in the Tier IV tournament in Budapest the following week, she lost 6–7, 2–6 in the first round to fellow Slovak Martina Suchá.
As a direct entrant to the main draw of the US Open, she reached the third round with straight-sets victories over American Alexa Glatch and the Ukraine's Viktoriya Kutuzova before succumbing to Dinara Safina, 3–6, 0–6. As a result, her ranking leapt to No. 65.
Despite an uninspired finish to 2006, she finished the year ranked world No. 71.
2007
She began the new season, still in Australia, at the end of December 2006, by narrowly failing to qualify for Gold Coast. Then in qualifying for Hobart in January, she fell at the first hurdle to Klára Zakopalová in straight sets. And as a direct entrant to the Australian Open, she lost in round one to Venezuelan Milagros Sequera, also in straight sets.
In February, she managed to pull together a string of back-to-back victories in a $75k tournament at Las Vegas, with wins over Kristina Barrois (in three sets), Ahsha Rolle (6–0, 6–2) and Tatiana Poutchek (6–4, 6–3), before bowing out to Akiko Morigami in the semifinals.
In March, as a direct entrant to the Tier I Indian Wells Open, ranked world No. 90, she lost in the first round to Caroline Wozniacki 3–6, 1–6. Then she came through qualifying for Miami with a straight-sets wins over Kristina Barrois and Anne Kremer, before losing a close two-setter in the first round of the main draw to Catalina Castaño of Colombia, 3–6, 5–7. And in the first round of the main draw of the Tier II fixture at Amelia Island, her ranking having slipped back to world No. 99, she was defeated by American Alexa Glatch, 6–4, 6–3.
In May, ranked No. 95, she reached the quarterfinals of the Tier IV fixture at Prague with straight-sets victories over Anastasia Rodionova and Sandra Klösel, before losing to Marion Bartoli. At the end of the month, in the first round, she lost to Andrea Petkovic at the French Open.
In June at Wimbledon, she defeated Meghann Shaughnessy 6–2, 6–4 before losing to Jelena Janković in round two, 1–6, 1–6. She returned to action in mid-August in Canada, again ranked No. 105, and attempted to qualify for the Tier I Canadian Open, but lost to Flavia Pennetta. Her only other tournament that month was the US Open, where she again faced Jelena Janković, this time losing 2–6, 6–7.
The Slovak would play only four more tournaments that season, recording her sole victory in the first round of the Tier III event at Kolkata, India against Youlia Fedossova of France in mid-September. Her ranking was No. 142 by the end of the year.
2008
Gajdošová received a wildcard into the main draw of the Australian Women's Hardcourts in Gold Coast, Australia where she lost in the first round to world No. 15, Dinara Safina, 6–4, 1–6, 2–6. She then lost in the second round of the qualifying competition for the Sydney International to world No. 100, Jill Craybas, 5–7, 2–6. Gajdošová then received a wildcard into the main draw of the Australian Open where she lost in the first round to then world No. 7, Serena Williams, 3–6, 3–6.
She then played two tournaments in the United States. She lost in the first round of the qualifying competition for the Tier I Indian Wells Open to world No. 101, Alla Kudryavtseva, 2–6, 0–6. She then lost in the first round of the ITF event in Redding, California to world No. 199, Margalita Chakhnashvili, 0–4 ret.
She then played three ITF Circuit tournaments in South Korea. In Incheon, she lost in the first round to world No. 374, Lee Jin-a 4–6, 7–5, 2–6. The following week, Gajdošová won the tournament in Gimcheon, defeating No. 295 Lu Jingjing in the final. She then lost in the second round of the tournament in Changwon to world No. 432, Zhang Ling, in two straight sets. As of 26 May 2008, her ranking had dropped to No. 195.
2009: First Grand Slam appearance
Gajdošová started the year at the Brisbane International losing in a tight second round to eventual champion Victoria Azarenka. In the Sydney International she again lost in the second round to eventual champion Elena Dementieva. At the Australian Open, Gajdošová lost a tight three-setter to Virginie Razzano making it her fourth straight first round loss at the first Grand Slam of the year. She then married Sam Groth, taking his name from February onwards.
At the 2009 Indian Wells tournament, she played in the qualifying winning her first match and losing her final qualifying match, resulting in a slight rise in the rankings. At Roland Garros, Groth defeated French wildcard Kinnie Laisné 6–4, 6–3 and Mariana Duque Marino 6–2, 7–6. She then lost to fifth seed Jelena Janković in the third round, 1–6, 1–6.
At Wimbledon, in the first round, Groth defeated Lucie Šafářová 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, and then lost to second seed Serena Williams 2–6, 1–6. After solid performances at both Roland Garros and Wimbledon Groth received a career-high singles ranking of No. 57.
She was then out of action with an ankle injury until returning to the tour in 2010 as a fully fledged Australian player available for Fed Cup Team selection, after being granted Australian citizenship on 23 November 2009.
2010: Top 50 breakthrough and first singles WTA Tour title
Starting 2010 with the task to re-enter the top 100 she started the year at Brisbane and Sydney falling in second round of qualifying. Then lost another tough three-set first round at Australia Open to Sofia Arvidsson, 2–6, 6–4, 4–6. Groth remained in Australia to gain ranking points and was very successful winning the $25k Sydney, finalist at the $25k Burnie and a quarterfinalist at the Mildura ITF. She also had success in doubles with a semifinal and final showings at the Burnie and Mildura ITF events. She received a wildcard entry into the French Open and played Chan Yung-jan in the first round. Groth moved into the second-round winning 6–2, 6–3. She then played Kimiko Date-Krumm from Japan. She beat Date-Krumm who had knocked out Safina the round before, 6–0, 6–3. Groth then faced fellow Australian player Anastasia Rodionova. They played a long three-setter but Groth prevailed 6–3, 5–7, 6–2. In the fourth round, she lost to Kazakh Yaroslava Shvedova 4–6, 3–6. Her French Open performance was her best in Grand Slam tournaments. After the French Open, she was ranked No. 88.
At Wimbledon, she progressed to the fourth round where she was beaten by Venus Williams, 6–4, 7–6.
On 23 August, she reached a new career high ranking of 56 and became the second highest ranked Australian behind No. 6, Samantha Stosur.
At the US Open, she lost to Maria Sharapova 6–4, 3–6, 1–6 in the first round. In doubles, partnering Klára Zakopalová, she defeated Angelique Kerber and Līga Dekmeijere.
After the US Open, Groth participated in the Guangzhou International Open as top seed. She made it to her first WTA Tour final defeating Edina Gallovits in the semifinals 6–0, 6–1 in 38 minutes. In the final, Groth defeated Alla Kudryavtseva 6–1, 6–4 to win her maiden title. Groth's ranking rose to a career high of 41 as a result of her performance.
Her next tournament was the Korea Open where she faced top seed Nadia Petrova in the first round. She lost 3–6, 2–6.
2011: Career best ranking
Groth started off the year at the Brisbane International where she reached the quarterfinals by beating first seed Sam Stosur in the previous round. It was Groth's first win against a top-10 player. However, she lost to German Andrea Petkovic. She then competed at the Hobart International where she defeated Johanna Larsson, Tamira Paszek, fourth seed Roberta Vinci and Klára Zakopalová all in straight sets to reach the final. Groth defeated Bethanie Mattek-Sands in the final to gain her second WTA title. In doubles, Groth and her partner Zakopalová won their first-round match in straight sets and then defeated fourth seeds Natalie Grandin and Vladimíra Uhlířová in the quarterfinals. They lost to Kateryna Bondarenko and Līga Dekmeijere in the semifinals. At the Australian Open, she lost in the first round to 2009 US Open semifinalist Yanina Wickmayer in a close three-set match.
Groth then became part of the Australia Fed Cup team for the first time. Despite Australia losing the tie, she managed to win against world No. 4, Francesca Schiavone, after dropping the first set. Groth then played at the Dubai Tennis Championships where she defeated Dominika Cibulková in the first round. However, she lost to 15th seed Alisa Kleybanova. She then took part in the Qatar Ladies Open where she had to qualify to reach the main draw. As top seed in qualifying, she defeated wildcard player Selima Sfar in the first round, fellow Australian Jelena Dokić in the second round and sixth seed Timea Bacsinszky to qualify in the main draw. There, she faced Dominika Cibulková in the first round, where she lost 8–10 in the third set tiebreak. Groth's next tournament was the Malaysian Open where she received a wildcard into the main draw and was seeded fourth. She won her first match against qualifier Sun Shengnan and followed that up with a win against Misaki Doi. She then defeated the sixth seed Ayumi Morita in three close sets to advance to the semifinals where she met her doubles partner and ended up losing to fifth seed Šafářová in straight sets.
Groth was the 29th seed at the Indian Wells Open and received a first-round bye. She was defeated in the second round by Sara Errani. At the Miami Open, Groth was seeded No. 28 and had a first-round bye. In the second round, she defeated Yaroslava Shvedova. Groth was up by a set and break. She was defeated in the next round by world No. 3, Vera Zvonareva.
Groth next travelled to Melbourne to partake with Anastasia Rodionova in the Fed Cup World Group play-offs. Although she won both of her singles matches against Olga Savchuk and Lesia Tsurenko, Rodionova lost both of her singles matches. As such, it came down to the doubles, where despite easily taking the first set 6–0, Groth and Rodionova ended up losing to Savchuk and Tsurenko. Australia, as a result, was relegated to the 2012 Fed Cup World Group II.
At the Estoril Open, Wolfe, who from that point changed her name to Gajdošová, was seeded second. She defeated Renata Voráčová and compatriot Casey Dellacqua to successfully defend her quarterfinal appearance. However, she advanced no further as she lost to Monica Niculescu. Gajdošová competed at the Madrid Open where she defeated Maria Kirilenko in the first round in a third set tiebreak. She then upset tenth seed Agnieszka Radwańska in three sets before losing to Lucie Šafářová.
Her next tournament was the Italian Open, where she opened up by defeating wildcard Corinna Dentoni and followed that up with a win against Bethanie Mattek-Sands. Her next opponent was world No. 6 and fourth seed, Li Na, and she lost in straight sets. In doubles, Groth partnered with Romanian Alexandra Dulgheru as an alternative. Their run ended in the semifinals against Chinese pair Peng Shuai and Zheng Jie. However, their best victory was in the quarterfinals where they upset top seed and world No. 1 doubles players Gisela Dulko and Flavia Pennetta in straight sets.
Gajdošová beat Virginie Razzano and Anabel Medina Garrigues in the French Open, where she was seeded 24th, but lost in three sets in the third round to Andrea Petkovic, the 15th seed. At the Wimbledon Championships, she defeated former top-20 player Alona Bondarenko. As the last Australian standing in the women's singles draw, she then beat Andrea Hlaváčková to reach the third round, but lost against world No. 1, Caroline Wozniacki. She then went on a five-match losing streak: losing in first rounds at the Gastein Ladies Open, Mercury Insurance Open in Carlsbad, Canadian Open in Toronto, the Western & Southern Open in Cincinnati, and at the Texas Tennis Open. She broke her losing streak at the US Open; although hitting 57 unforced errors, she did hit 29 winners, and it was enough to defeat Iveta Benešová. In the second round she was defeated by Vania King.
Gajdošová's first tournament of the Asian swing was at the Guangzhou International Open where she was the defending champion. She reached the quarterfinals by defeating Han Xinyun and Mandy Minella. In the quarterfinal however, she lost to world No. 72, Magdaléna Rybáriková. Gajdosova then played in the Pan Pacific Open where in the first round she played world No. 55, Rebecca Marino, and won in three sets. She then played world No. 1, Caroline Wozniacki, going down in three sets. The next week she played at the China Open where she defeated world No. 29, Medina Garrigues, but again lost to Wozniacki, this time in straight sets. Her last tournament of the year was at the Japan Open where she lost in the second round. Gajdošová ended the year ranked world No. 33 in singles and No. 41 in doubles.
2012: Wrist injury and loss of form
She started her year at the 2012 Hopman Cup partnering Lleyton Hewitt. In the first tie against Spain, Gajdošová put Australia up by beating Medina Garrigues in three sets. They eventually lost the tie by losing the deciding mixed doubles, 9–11 in the final set tiebreak despite leading 5–1. In the second tie against France, Gajdošová left the court in tears after losing to Marion Bartoli, 0–6, 0–6. In the final tie against China, Gajdošová lost to Li Na, however Australia won the tie in the mixed doubles. She then played at the Hobart International, where she was the defending champion. In the first round, she defeated Ayumi Morita in straight sets and then defeated Anastasia Rodionova in a very tough second-round match. Although she started well against qualifier Mona Barthel, she lost in three sets to the eventual champion.
Gajdošová then played in the Australian Open, where she faced Maria Kirilenko. She was trying to get past the first round for the first time in seven attempts, but lost the match. Gajdošová left that disappointing result behind and headed to Fribourg, Switzerland to take on the Swiss in the Fed Cup. She competed in the second singles rubber, but had a loss to Stefanie Vögele, 6–0, 6–7, 6–8. She then played in the fourth rubber and confirmed a victory for Australia with a 6–3, 3–6, 8–6 win over Amra Sadiković.
Gajdošová then competed at the Open GdF Suez, where she again lost her opening round in three sets to Monica Niculescu. She then lost in the first round of the Qatar Open to Sorana Cîrstea. She was the fourth seed at the Malaysian Open where she won her first round over Kathrin Wörle after losing the first set. She lost her second-round match against Eleni Daniilidou.
At Indian Wells, she defeated American wildcard CoCo Vandeweghe. In the second round she defeated Yanina Wickmayer after another first-set loss. She lost in the third round to American Jamie Hampton. Gajdošová was down 2–5 in the second-set but came back to win it in a tie-break, but eventually lost the match. At the Miami Open, she was dealt a tough first-round match against four-time Grand Slam winner Kim Clijsters, who had not played since the Australian Open semifinal. Gajdošová started well and won the opening set before Clijsters came storming back to win with just the loss of one more game.
Her next tournament was the Family Circle Cup, where she played Stefanie Vögele in the first round and lost in three sets. Gajdošová then competed in the 2012 Fed Cup World Group play-offs against Germany in Stuttgart, enjoying a return to good form where she beat top 20 player Julia Görges. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she partnered Anastasia Rodionova in the women's doubles.
She finished the year as world No. 183.
2013
Gajdošová began her season at the Brisbane International as a wildcard. She came back from a set down to defeat world No. 16 Roberta Vinci in the first round and thus ended her nine-match losing streak from the previous season. She lost in the second round to Lesia Tsurenko despite winning the first set. After receiving a wildcard into the Hobart International, Gajdošová reached the quarterfinals for the third consecutive year after defeating Romina Oprandi and Olga Govortsova but lost to the eventual champion Elena Vesnina in straight sets. At the Australian Open, Gajdošová failed to progress beyond the first round of the event for the eighth consecutive year, losing to 20th seed Yanina Wickmayer in straight sets. However, she won the mixed doubles title with compatriot Matthew Ebden and in doing so, won her first Grand Slam and first mixed-doubles title. This win made Gajdošová and Ebden the third all Australian pairing to win the Australian Open mixed doubles title and the first since 2005 when Samantha Stosur and Scott Draper won that title.
In April, Gajdošová was diagnosed with mononucleosis which left her out of the game for six months. She made her comeback at the Nanjing Ladies Open where she advanced to the semifinal before losing to Ayumi Morita. At the Wildcard Playoff for the Australian Open, Gajdošová opened with a straight sets win over Jelena Dokic. However, she lost in the quarterfinals against Tammi Patterson. Gajdošová ended 2013 ranked No. 232 in the world.
2014: Comeback to top 100
Gajdošová received a wildcard for the Sydney International but lost in the opening round against Lauren Davis. She was also awarded a wildcard for the Australian Open where she lost in the first round to Angelique Kerber. In mixed doubles, teaming up again with Matthew Ebden, she reached the semifinals.
In June, Gajdošová won the Nottingham Challenge defeating Timea Bacsinszky 6–2, 6–2 in the singles final. This earned a wildcard into Wimbledon Championships and was her first title in over three years. Gajdošová also won the doubles draw, pairing with Arina Rodionova.
2015: Returning form then fading
Gajdošová started her 2015 season at the Brisbane International which she entered as a wildcard entry. In the first round, she defeated Zhang Shuai to set up a second-round match against second seed and world No. 7, Ana Ivanovic, to whom she would later lose in straight sets.
Gajdošová then played at the Sydney International, defeating world No. 13, Andrea Petkovic, and No. 11, Dominika Cibulková, before losing to eventual champion Petra Kvitová in the quarterfinal, 6–4, 3–6, 4–6. She next played at the Australian Open, where she had never won a main-draw match, but she was able to break her duck there (on her tenth attempt) defeating Alexandra Dulgheru in straight sets to move into the second round where she then lost to world No. 3, Simona Halep, in straight sets.
Gajdošová then played in the Fed Cup World Group where she defeated world No. 10, Angelique Kerber, in three sets. She then lost to Andrea Petkovic in another three set match. Jarmila then played at the Thailand Open as the sixth seed where she lost to eventual finalist Ajla Tomljanović in the second round. Gajdošová then contested the Dubai Tennis Championships where she qualified for the main draw but lost in three sets to eventual semifinalist Garbiñe Muguruza. The following week she failed to qualify for the Qatar Open losing to Alexandra Dulgheru. Gajdošová then had a great run at the Malaysian Open where she was the fourth seed. She reached the semifinals before again losing to Dulgheru. Following this she played at Indian Wells Open where she lost in the first round to Roberta Vinci.
Gajdošová started her clay-court season at the 2015 Fed Cup World Group play-offs where she lost to lower ranked players Kiki Bertens and Arantxa Rus, and as a result, Australia was relegated to the Fed Cup World Group II in 2016. She then contested the Premier Mandatory Madrid Open where she lost to world No. 5, Caroline Wozniacki. The following week she played at the Italian Open, where she defeated Elena Vesnina in a thrilling third set tiebreak which she won 16–14. She then retired against world No. 3, Maria Sharapova, after trailing 6–2, 3–1. She lost in the first round of the French Open to the lower ranked Amandine Hesse.
Gajdošová then qualified at Nottingham before being defeated in the first round by Christina McHale. She lost in the first round at Birmingham to Johanna Konta before qualifying at Eastbourne, winning the first round against Lauren Davis before losing in the second round to Caroline Wozniacki.
Gajdošová lost in the first round at Wimbledon to Sabine Lisicki, lost in the first round in Washington, D.C. to Naomi Broady and in the first round of the US Open to the eventual winner Flavia Pennetta.
Gajdošová reached the second round in Tokyo, defeating qualifier Alexandra Panova before losing to Kateryna Bondarenko. She ended the year with a poor run of failures in qualifying and then losing in the first round in Hong Kong to Yaroslava Shvedova.
In December, Gajdošová competed for the Philippine Mavericks in the International Premier Tennis League losing to Agnieszka Radwańska and Kurumi Nara before defeating Kristina Mladenovic.
2016
Under her married name, Wolfe partnered Lleyton Hewitt in the Australia Gold Team for the Hopman Cup in Perth in January. In the tie against the United States, Wolfe defeated world No. 1, Serena Williams, albeit the American retired due to a knee injury. She was beaten by Karolína Plíšková and Elina Svitolina in the respective ties against the Czech Republic and Ukraine.
At the Australian Open, Wolfe was forced to retire, a set and 2–4 down in the second, in her first-round match against Anastasija Sevastova, after sustaining a back injury during the warm-up.
2017
In January 2017, Wolfe announced her retirement from the tour.
Performance timelines
Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records.
Note: Wolfe played under Slovakian flag until 2009.
Singles
Doubles
Grand Slam tournament finals
Mixed doubles: 1 title
WTA career finals
Singles: 2 (2 titles)
Doubles: 6 (1 title, 5 runner-ups)
ITF Circuit finals
Singles: 18 (14 titles, 4 runner-ups)
Doubles: 19 (10 titles, 9 runner-ups)
Top 10 wins
Notes
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Tennis players from Bratislava
Australian female tennis players
Australian people of Slovak descent
Australian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Naturalised tennis players
Sportswomen from New South Wales
Slovak emigrants to Australia
Slovak female tennis players
Hopman Cup competitors
Tennis players from Sydney
Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players for Australia
Australian Open (tennis) champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarmila%20Wolfe |
is a made for TV Japanese film made in 2003 based on a true story, starring Rikiya Otaka and directed by Katsumi Sakaguchi.
Plot
Naoki Ono, a 14-year-old boy murders a young girl in the suburbs of Tokyo. As a result, the large family change their names and live apart, while Naoki goes to a reformatory. Towako, his mother, stays away with her youngest son and youngest daughter, while her husband lives with other family. Three years later, Towako requests that the families reunites and go the island of her birth to be with her dying mother. Thus, the family are back together. But things aren't so simple. Katsumi, Naoki's sister hasn't been able to speak since her brother murdered the girl. Little Subaru (Otaka) has also suffered from the selfishness of his brother. And what of their uncle Satoshi and his family, his own son was killed. The family have never been a 'family' before ... Could Grandmother bring them all together?
External links
Japanese television films
2003 television films
2003 films
2000s Japanese-language films
Japanese films based on actual events
2000s Japanese films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharisis |
Todos Santos (; "All Saints") is a small coastal town in the foothills of Mexico's Sierra de la Laguna Mountains, on the Pacific coast side of the Baja California Peninsula, about an hour's drive north of Cabo San Lucas on Highway 19 and an hour's drive southwest from La Paz. Todos Santos is located near the Tropic of Cancer in the municipality of La Paz. The population was 7,185 at the census of 2020. It is the second-largest town in the municipality.
History
The mission at what is now Todos Santos, Misión Santa Rosa de las Palmas, was founded by father Jaime Bravo in 1723. In 1724, it was renamed Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz. Located across the street to the southwest from the small town plaza, this mission contains the statue of the Virgin of Pilar, which is the focus of Todos Santos's main festival in November.
During the Mexican American War, the Skirmish of Todos Santos, the last battle of the war, was fought near the town on March 30, 1848.
During the 19th century, following the secularization of the missions, Todos Santos thrived as the Baja sugarcane capital, supporting eight sugar mills at the end of the 19th century. Only one existed by the time the town’s freshwater spring dried up in 1950, and that last mill closed in 1965.
Todos Santos faced a bleak future until the spring came back to life in 1981 and the Mexican Government paved Highway 19 in the mid-1980s. The highway brought tourists and the rich farmlands have been revived. The town now prospers from farming vegetables, chilies, avocados, papayas and mangoes, as well as from fishing and ranching.
Contemporary Todos Santos
More recently, there has been a gradual increase in tourist activity and a boom in real estate development. Handicraft shops, owner-operated art galleries featuring landscape paintings of local scenes (some artists from Guadalajara and other parts of Mexico also exhibit works in Todos Santos), upscale restaurants, boutique hotels and restored colonial buildings have contributed to the gentrification and redevelopment of the town. There are a few annual festivals, including the Festival de Cine and the Todos Santos Music Festival.
The Hotel California is a favorite stop because of the name association with the song made famous by the Eagles, even though the song does not specifically reference this particular hotel, nor any other existing hotel. On May 1, 2017, the Eagles band filed a lawsuit against the Hotel California in the United States District Court for the District of Central California alleging Trademark Infringement in Violation of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1125 and Common Law Unfair Competition and Trademark Infringement. The Eagles were seeking relief and damages. The lawsuit was settled in 2018: the hotel continues to use the name, abandoned efforts to apply for a trademark in the United States, and now expressly denies any connection with the song or the band.
Todos Santos, Baja California Sur, was named a "Pueblo Mágico" in 2006.
Notable residents
Félix Agramont Cota, first Governor of Baja California Sur
Peter Buck, musician
References
Sources
ElCalendariodeTodosSantos.com Todos Santos' only English language magazine - full issues online.
2010 census tables: INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática
Populated places in Baja California Sur
Pueblos Mágicos
La Paz Municipality (Baja California Sur) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todos%20Santos%2C%20Baja%20California%20Sur |
Carcarañá is a city in the , located in the San Lorenzo Department, on the southern banks of the Carcarañá River, west of Rosario on National Route 9, and south of the provincial capital. As of the it has about 22,000 inhabitants.
Carcarañá was founded in 1870 and attained the status of comuna (commune) on 10 December 1890.
It is the birthplace of José Ernesto Sosa, Claudio Yacob, and brothers Javier and Germán Lux.
References
In Spanish unless otherwise noted.
Municipality of Carcarañá - Official website.
Caracara, portal of the city.
Populated places in Santa Fe Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcara%C3%B1%C3%A1 |
In mathematics, value may refer to several, strongly related notions.
In general, a mathematical value may be any definite mathematical object. In elementary mathematics, this is most often a number – for example, a real number such as or an integer such as 42.
The value of a variable or a constant is any number or other mathematical object assigned to it.
The value of a mathematical expression is the result of the computation described by this expression when the variables and constants in it are assigned values.
The value of a function, given the value(s) assigned to its argument(s), is the quantity assumed by the function for these argument values.
For example, if the function is defined by , then assigning the value 3 to its argument yields the function value 10, since .
If the variable, expression or function only assumes real values, it is called real-valued. Likewise, a complex-valued variable, expression or function only assumes complex values.
See also
Value function
Value (computer science)
Absolute value
Truth value
References
Elementary mathematics
nl:Reëel-waardige functie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value%20%28mathematics%29 |
KXCB (1420 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Omaha, Nebraska, the station serves the Omaha–Council Bluffs metropolitan area. It is owned and operated by Steven Seline, through licensee Hickory Radio, LLC. The studios and offices are on Burt Street near North 120th Street and Dodge Road in West Omaha.
By day, KXCB is powered at 1,000 watts. But at night, to protect other stations on 1420 AM from interference, it reduces power to 330 watts. It uses a directional antenna at all times with a two-tower array. The transmitter is in Council Bluffs, off South 36th Street, near the Missouri River. Programming is also heard on 250-watt FM translator K293CX at 106.5 MHz in Council Bluffs.
History
Early years
The station signed on the air on . The original call sign was KOOO and it was a daytimer, broadcasting at 500 watts but required to go off the air at night. It aired a country music format. It later began simulcasting with 104.5 FM, which went on the air on May 12, 1972, as KOOO-FM.
By 1978, KOOO had changed to a news/talk format, with 104.5 FM moving to easy listening music. In March 1979, 1420 AM flipped to an easy listening format and was renamed KESY, again simulcasting with 104.5, which had the KESY-FM call letters.
In 1980, the AM reverted to the old KOOO call sign and adopted an adult standards format, using the ”Music of Your Life” service. In 1984, the call sign changed to KROM. In 1986, the AM once again became KESY with an easy listening format, although not simulcasting 104.5.
For a brief two-week period in June 1990, the calls became KLAO before reverting to KESY, though the AM switched to a soft adult contemporary format as well. In January 1995, the station changed its call sign to KBBX, and flipped to an urban oldies format.
Journal Communications and Salem Media
Journal Communications purchased KBBX in January 1998, and changed the programming to Regional Mexican music on April 1 of that year. On May 10, 2002, as part of a major format shuffle, the format moved to then-sister station 97.7 FM. After two weeks of simulcasting, the AM station became KHLP with an advice talk format.
In April 2005, it was announced that Journal had sold KHLP to Salem Communications, and in December of that year, the station switched to conservative talk as "Newstalk 1420 KOTK". On September 4, 2008, KOTK flipped to a Spanish Christian radio format with the slogan "La Luz" (The Light).
On April 4, 2016, KOTK switched back to conservative talk, branded as "94.5/1420 The Answer".
Hickory Radio
In July 2018, Hickory Radio purchased the station from Salem Media Group.
On March 31, 2019, KOTK flipped to a simulcast of co-owned KOBM (1490 AM), airing an oldies format branded as "Boomer Radio". The following day, KOTK changed call letters to KOBM, with 1490 AM adopting the KIBM call letters.
On December 20, 2022, the station changed its call sign to KXCB. On February 1, 2023, KXCB dropped the KIBM simulcast and became a country music station aimed at Council Bluffs, Iowa, branded as "Bluffs Country 106.5".
References
External links
FCC History Cards for KOBM
XCB
Radio stations established in 1957
1957 establishments in Nebraska
Country radio stations in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KXCB |
Huangmei County () falls under the administration of Huanggang City in eastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and borders Anhui to the east and Jiangxi to the south across the Yangtze. It also administers Shanjia Islet () in the Yangzte.
Geography
Administrative divisions
Huangmei County administers:
As of 2013, the county jurisdiction over 12 towns, 4 townships, which are Huangmei town, Koike town, KONGLONG town, under the new town, big town, stopped before the town, Wuzu town, town Zhuo, Cai Town, the new open town, town alone, shunt town, fir Township, Liulin Township, Nigatake Township, township and Liu Zuo Nuebu Park management Office, management Office Longganghu.
History
In 845 BC Marquis Wen 文侯 Huang Meng 黃孟 (aka Huang Zhang 黃璋) moved the capital of the State of Huang from Yicheng to Huangchuan (present-day Huangchuan, Henan). Huang Xi's descendants ruled State of Huang until 648 BC when it was destroyed by the State of Chu. The Marquis of Huang, Marquis Mu 穆侯 Huang Qisheng 黃企生, fled to the state of Qi. The people of Huang were forced to relocate to Chu. They settled in the region of present-day Hubei province, in a region known as the Jiangxia Prefecture 江夏郡 during the Han dynasty (206 BC-AD 220). There are many places in this region today that were named after Huang e.g. Huanggang, Huangpi, Huangmei, Huangshi, Huangan, Huangzhou etc. A large number of the people of Huang were also relocated to regions south of the Yangtze River.
Climate
Huangmei Ohe tone
Huangmei is famous for its drug tone, also called Huangmei Ohe tone or Huibei East drug tone. In Huangmei county, Ohe tone is also occasionally called Huangmei song, which is not related to Huangmei opera (). It is a combination of local folk songs, dances, and some ancient operas. Huangmei Ohe tone flourished in the late 18th century to become one of the most typical Huibei opera (Han opera) forms.
Transport
Huangmei is connected to Jiujiang by two bridges across the Yangtze River.
References
Counties of Hubei
Huanggang | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangmei%20County |
¿Qué Pasa, USA? () is America's first bilingual situation comedy, and the first sitcom to be produced for PBS. It was produced and taped from 1977 to 1980 in front of a live studio audience at PBS member station WPBT in Miami, Florida and aired on PBS member stations nationwide.
The program explored the trials and tribulations faced by the Peñas, a Cuban-American family living in Miami's Little Havana neighborhood, as they struggled to cope with a new country and a new language. The series is praised as being very true-to-life and accurately, if humorously, portraying the life and culture of Miami's Cuban-American population. Today, the show is cherished by many Miamians as a true, albeit humorous, representation of life and culture in Miami.
Synopsis
The series focused on the identity crisis of the members of the family as they were pulled in one direction by their elders—who wanted to maintain Cuban values and traditions—and pulled in other directions by the pressures of living in a predominantly Anglo-American society. This caused many misadventures for the entire Peña family as they get pulled in all directions in their attempt to preserve their heritage.
Use of language
The series was bilingual, reflecting the code-switching from Spanish use in the home and English at the supermarket ("Spanglish") predominant in Cuban-American households in the generation following the Cuban exodus of the 1960s. The use of language in the show paralleled the generational differences in many Cuban-American families of the era. The grandparents spoke almost exclusively Spanish and were reluctant—at times, even hostile—toward the idea of learning English; an episode featured a dream sequence where Joe, the son of the family, dreams about his grandparents exclusively speaking English (while Joe and Carmen could only speak Spanish). The grandparents' struggle with English often resulted in humorous misunderstandings and malapropisms. The parents' relative fluency in English was laced with strong Cuban accents and alternated between the two languages depending on the situation. The children, having been exposed to American culture for years, spoke primarily in slightly accented colloquial English, but were able to converse relatively competently in Spanish as needed (such as when speaking to their grandparents); however, one of the running gags of the show revolved around their occasional butchering of Spanish grammar or vocabulary.
Cast
Main characters
Manolo Villaverde as Pepe Peña — the patriarchal figure of the Peña household
Ana Margarita Martínez-Casado as Juana Peña — the matriarchal figure of the household
Luis Oquendo as Antonio — Juana's father and the primary Cuban-born grandfather archetype to Joe and Carmen. As was typical of adult Cuban exiles living in Miami, Antonio is unable to speak English fluently and relies on his daughter and son-in-law to be translators from English to Spanish.
Velia Martínez as Adela — Juana's mother and the primary Cuban-born grandmother archetype to Joe and Carmen. Like her husband Antonio, she is wholly fluent in Spanish and relies on her daughter and son-in-law to translate. This creates a dynamic that is explored extensively in the fourth episode, appropriately titled "We Speak Spanish", when she remarks on her daughter's competency in English.
Steven Bauer (credited as Rocky Echevarría) as Joe Peña — the first-generation Cuban-American archetypal son of Pepe and Juana; remains until the 28th episode.
Ana Margo (credited as Ana Margarita Menéndez) as Carmen Peña — the first-generation Cuban-American archetypal daughter of Pepe and Juana.
Recurring characters
Connie Ramírez as Violeta
Barbara Ann Martin as Sharon
Glenda Díaz Rigau as Tanto Marta
Jody Wilson as Mrs. Allen
Bernardo Pascual as Cousin Ignacio (Iggy) Peña, a recurring role in the fourth and final season
Guest stars
Andy García
Jeff Coopwood
Norma Zúñiga
Chamaco García
Patricia Jiménez-Rojo
Writers
Luis Santeiro
Julio Vera
Directors
Bernard Lechowick
Errol Falcon
Broadcast history
The series initially ran for four seasons from 1977 to 1980 (39 episodes were produced) and continues to run in syndication.
References
External links
Official Website
Cuban-American culture in Florida
Television shows set in Miami
Television shows filmed in Miami
1970s American sitcoms
1980s American sitcoms
1977 American television series debuts
1980 American television series endings
PBS original programming
Spanish-language television programming in the United States
Hispanic and Latino American sitcoms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFQu%C3%A9%20Pasa%2C%20USA%3F |
Shelley Rudman (born 23 March 1981) is a former skeleton bobsleigh athlete. She was the 2013 world champion in the event, won an Olympic silver medal at the 2006 Winter Olympic Games in skeleton and is a former World Cup and European champion.
Early career
Rudman took up skeleton in October 2002, after a university friend and skeleton athlete introduced her to the sport at the University of Bath push track. At the time, she was working full-time at the ACS International Schools, Cobham, Surrey and was in her third year of a Bachelor of Science degree course at St Mary's College, Twickenham. After unsuccessfully seeking a place on Bath University's skeleton development team, she decided to apply for an ice school in Norway run by the British military to pursue the sport.
The following season in 2003 (after having only three weeks on ice training since starting the sport), she qualified for the World Junior Championships where she finished in 10th position and was the highest-ranked British woman. In 2004, she won the Europa Cup in Igls, Austria. In 2005, she won gold in the World University Games, held in Innsbruck, Austria.
2006 Winter Olympics
In order to take part in the 2006 Olympics, Rudman needed £4000 to buy a new sled. Her home town held a sponsored canoe event (canoeing from Pewsey to Bath where she was training) to help raise the money. Rudman also spent some time as a supply teacher at Devizes School, a secondary school located in Devizes, Wiltshire.
By the time the 2006 Winter Olympics began in Turin, Rudman said she was aiming for a top 10 position; however, during a practice run she had the fastest time. In the first heat, she was 4th; after the second heat, she finished with a silver medal. Live television pictures were shown from her local pub, where a large crowd that had gathered to watch her race were cheering and celebrating her victory. On her return to Pewsey, the village put on an open top bus tour where thousands of people attended to witness her return.
Skeleton World Cup performances: 2007–2009
After a summer of media commitments after winning her silver medal, Rudman returned to the British selection races in Lillehammer where she set an unofficial track record.
During the season an ongoing knee injury flared up; she had intensive physiotherapy to get her through the remaining World Cup rounds, before returning to the UK after the World Championships in St Moritz to have immediate knee surgery.
Rudman's best finish at the FIBT World Championships was 10th in the women's skeleton event at St. Moritz in 2007. She later announced that she was to become a mother in October and would be taking half the following season off.
She sat out the 2007–08 Skeleton World Cup season to give birth to her daughter Ella Marie and have a knee operation (although she returned to the Inter-continental circuit in North America in January where she finished second (Park City) and won the penultimate race in Lake Placid), and made an impact on her return to the sport for the 2008–09 season. Rudman won the 2008–09 Skeleton World Cup event at Igls, Austria on 12 December 2008. She then earned her second medal of her 2008/09 World Cup campaign with a silver medal at Königssee in Germany, in January 2009.
She won the 2009 European Bob Skeleton Championships at the St Moritz track in Switzerland, breaking the track record with a time of 1:09.97 on her second run.
FIBT World Cup: 2009–10 season
Rudman repeated her feat of finishing the season in 2nd place overall in the World Cup, behind champion Mellissa Hollingsworth of Canada. Over the 8-round seasons, she took gold medal wins in Cesana and St. Moritz, a second place in Lake Placid and a third place at Konigssee. The last race of the season in Igls, Austria, also counted as the 2010 European Championships, and Rudman finished with the bronze medal in 3rd place.
2010 Winter Olympics
On 29 January 2010, Rudman was officially announced as part of the Team GB Skeleton Bobsleigh squad to compete at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada. She was the flagbearer for Britain at those games.
An hour's delay to the race start affected the settings Rudman had chosen for the first run which resulted in her finishing low in the overall standings after day one. The following day, after analysing and changing her settings, she set the fastest time of the day, breaking her push start personal best, but the time deficit from the previous day was too much to catch up and she finished 6th overall in the women's skeleton – just missing out on claiming a second Olympic medal. The gold was won by fellow British competitor Amy Williams.
FIBT World Cup: 2011–12 season
After coming second in the Skeleton World Cup for the previous three years, Rudman secured the World Cup title at the end of the 2011-12 season. A third place finish in the last race of the season in Calgary, Canada, gave the UK athlete her fifth podium finish of the season and moved her to the top of the final rankings ahead of German duo Marion Thees (2nd) and Anja Huber (3rd).
World rankings progression
2007–08 36th
2008–09 2nd
2009–10 2nd
2010–11 2nd
2011–12 1st
2012–13 7th
2013–14 3rd
Based on end of season FIBT rankings.
Personal life
Rudman is married to fellow British skeleton competitor Kristan Bromley, with whom she has daughters Ella-Marie Rudman-Bromley, born in October 2007, and Sofia Rudman-Bromley, born January 2015.
In February 2016, Rudman was nominated to be an International Olympic Committee Athlete Role Model for the Winter Youth Olympics (YOG) in Lillehammer, Norway.
See also
Skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics
References
External links
Supporters website
Women's skeleton Olympic medalists since 2002
Bromley Technologies website
1981 births
Living people
People from Pewsey
English female skeleton racers
Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain
Olympic skeleton racers for Great Britain
Skeleton racers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Skeleton racers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Skeleton racers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in skeleton
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Universiade medalists in skeleton
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Great Britain
Competitors at the 2005 Winter Universiade
Team Bath winter athletes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelley%20Rudman |
In economics, economic value is a measure of the benefit provided by a good or service to an economic agent. It is generally measured through units of currency, and the interpretation is therefore "what is the maximum amount of money a person is willing and able to pay for a good or service?”
Among the competing schools of economic theory there are differing theories of value.
Economic value is not the same as market price, nor is economic value the same thing as market value. If a consumer is willing to buy a good, it implies that the customer places a higher value on the good than the market price. The difference between the value to the consumer and the market price is called "consumer surplus". It is easy to see situations where the actual value is considerably larger than the market price: purchase of drinking water is one example.
Overview
The economic value of a good or service has puzzled economists since the beginning of the discipline. First, economists tried to estimate the value of a good to an individual alone, and extend that definition to goods that can be exchanged. From this analysis came the concepts value in use and value in exchange.
Value is linked to price through the mechanism of exchange. When an economist observes an exchange, two important value functions are revealed: those of the buyer and seller. Just as the buyer reveals what he is willing to pay for a certain amount of a good, so too does the seller reveal what it costs him to give up the good.
Additional information about market value is obtained by the rate at which transactions occur, telling observers the extent to which the purchase of the good has value over time.
Said another way, value is how much a desired object or condition is worth relative to other objects or conditions. Economic values are expressed as "how much" of one desirable condition or commodity will, or would be given up in exchange for some other desired condition or commodity. Among the competing schools of economic theory there are differing metrics for value assessment and the metrics are the subject of a theory of value. Value theories are a large part of the differences and disagreements between the various schools of economic theory.
Explanations
In neoclassical economics, the value of an object or service is often seen as nothing but the price it would bring in an open and competitive market. This is determined primarily by the demand for the object relative to supply in a perfectly competitive market. Many neoclassical economic theories equate the value of a commodity with its price, whether the market is competitive or not. As such, everything is seen as a commodity and if there is no market to set a price then there is no economic value.
In classical economics, the value of an object or condition is the amount of discomfort/labor saved through the consumption or use of an object or condition (Labor Theory of Value). Though exchange value is recognized, economic value is not, in theory, dependent on the existence of a market and price and value are not seen as equal. This is complicated, however, by the efforts of classical economists to connect price and labor value. Karl Marx, for one, saw exchange value as the "form of appearance" (This interpretation of Marx is along the lines of the Marxist thinker Michael Heinrich) [Erscheinungsform] of value, in his critique of political economy which implies that, although value is separate from exchange value, it is meaningless without the act of exchange.
In this tradition, Steve Keen makes the claim that "value" refers to "the innate worth of a commodity, which determines the normal ('equilibrium') ratio at which two commodities exchange." To Keen and the tradition of David Ricardo, this corresponds to the classical concept of long-run cost-determined prices, what Adam Smith called "natural prices" and Marx called "prices of production". It is part of a cost-of-production theory of value and price. Ricardo, but not Keen, used a "labor theory of price" in which a commodity's "innate worth" was the amount of labor needed to produce it.
"The value of a thing in any given time and place", according to Henry George, "is the largest amount of exertion that anyone will render in exchange for it. But as men always seek to gratify their desires with the least exertion this is the lowest amount for which a similar thing can otherwise be obtained."
In another classical tradition, Marx distinguished between the "value in use" (use-value, what a commodity provides to its buyer), labor cost which he calls "value" (the socially-necessary labour time it embodies), and "exchange value" (how much labor-time the sale of the commodity can claim, Smith's "labor commanded" value). By most interpretations of his labor theory of value, Marx, like Ricardo, developed a "labor theory of price" where the point of analyzing value was to allow the calculation of relative prices. Others see values as part of his sociopolitical interpretation and critique of capitalism and other societies, and deny that it was intended to serve as a category of economics. According to a third interpretation, Marx aimed for a theory of the dynamics of price formation but did not complete it.
In 1860, John Ruskin published a critique of the economic concept of value from a moral point of view. He entitled the volume Unto This Last, and his central point was this: "It is impossible to conclude, of any given mass of acquired wealth, merely by the fact of its existence, whether it signifies good or evil to the nation in the midst of which it exists. Its real value depends on the moral sign attached to it, just as strictly as that of a mathematical quantity depends on the algebraic sign attached to it. Any given accumulation of commercial wealth may be indicative, on the one hand, of faithful industries, progressive energies, and productive ingenuities: or, on the other, it may be indicative of mortal luxury, merciless tyranny, ruinous chicanery." Gandhi was greatly inspired by Ruskin's book and published a paraphrase of it in 1908.
Economists such as Ludwig von Mises asserted that "value" is a subjective judgment. Prices can only be determined by taking these subjective judgments into account, and that this is done through the price mechanism in the market. Thus, it was false to say that the economic value of a good was equal to what it cost to produce or to its current replacement cost.
Silvio Gesell denied value theory in economics. He thought that value theory is useless and prevents economics from becoming science and that a currency administration guided by value theory is doomed to sterility and inactivity.
Connected concepts
The theory of value is closely related to that of allocative efficiency, the quality by which firms produce those goods and services most valued by society. The market value of a machine part, for example, will depend upon a variety of objective facts involving its efficiency versus the efficiency of other types of part or other types of machine to make the kind of products that consumers will value in turn. In such a case, market value has both objective and subjective components.
Economy, efficiency and effectiveness, often referred to as the "Three Es", may be used as complementary factors contributing to an assessment of the value for money provided by a purchase, project or activity. The UK National Audit Office uses the following summaries to explain the meaning of each term:
Economy: minimising the cost of resources used or required (inputs) – spending less;
Efficiency: the relationship between the output from goods or services and the resources to produce them – spending well; and
Effectiveness: the relationship between the intended and actual results of public spending (outcomes) – spending wisely.
Sometimes a fourth 'E', equity, is also added.
In philosophy, economic value is a subcategory of a more general philosophical value, as defined in goodness and value theory or in the science of value.
See also
Asset pricing
Labour theory of value
Law of value
Marginal theory of value
Market price
Non-extractive economic value
Objective theory of value
Paradox of value
Real versus nominal value (economics)
Store of value
Subjective theory of value
Theory of value (economics)
Use value
Utility
Value (marketing)
Value form
Value network
References
Political economy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value%20%28economics%29 |
Katerina Michalopoulou (born c. 1972), in Greek: Κατερίνα Μιχαλοπούλου, was the winner of the "Greek Woman 1991" title (Greek: "Ελληνίδα 1991") in the Star Hellas/Miss Hellas/Miss Young Pageant in 1991. She went on to compete in Dakar, Senegal for the 1991 Miss Europe beauty pageant and came in 1st runner-up. Susane Petry of Germany, who originally won the pageant, was later disqualified and the title went to Katerina.
References
1960s births
Living people
Greek female models
Miss Europe winners
Greek beauty pageant winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katerina%20Michalopoulou |
Citius, Altius, Fortius (Latin for "Faster, Higher, Stronger") may refer to:
Citius, Altius, Fortius (Olympic motto)
Journal of Olympic History, formerly Citius, Altius, Fortius
Citius, Altius, Fortius, an artwork by Jordi Bonet in a Montreal metro Pie-IX station | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citius%2C%20Altius%2C%20Fortius |
The 1998 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, which spanned two years (1996–98), had 46 entrants. Before the quarter-finals stage, Romania were chosen as the hosts of the final stages, consisting of four matches in total.
The exclusion (for political reasons) of the team from Serbia and Montenegro, then known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ended. Bosnia and Herzegovina was another former state of Yugoslavia who competed, for the first time. Spain won the competition for the second time.
The 46 national teams were divided into nine groups (eight groups of 5 + one group of 6). The records of the nine group winners were compared, and the eighth and ninth ranked teams played-off against each other for the eight quarter finals spot. One of the eight quarter-finalist were then chosen to host the remaining fixtures.
Qualification
The qualifying stage for the 1998 UEFA European Under-21 Championship saw Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Spain and Sweden win their respective groups. Greece and England finished first in their group but were the two worst first placed group winners. Greece defeated England in a playoff to qualify for the tournament.
Qualified teams
1 Bold indicates champion for that year
Venues
The final tournament was held in Bucharest, the hosts being only three arenas.
Match officials
Squads
Only players born on or after 1 January 1975 were eligible to play in the tournament. Each nation had to submit a squad of 20 players, two of which had to be goalkeepers. If a player was injured seriously enough to prevent his taking part in the tournament before his team's first match, he can be replaced by another player.
Results
Bracket
Quarter-finals
5th-8th places
Semi-finals
7th place
5th place
Third place
Final
References
External links
Results archive at UEFA.com
RSSSF Results archive at RSSSF
UEFA European Under-21 Championship
1998
UEFA
UEFA
1996–97 in Romanian football
1997–98 in Romanian football
May 1998 sports events in Europe
1998 in youth association football | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20UEFA%20European%20Under-21%20Championship |
The Chatham Memorial Arena is an ice hockey arena located in Chatham, Ontario, Canada built in 1949. The arena seats approximately 2,500 spectators and is the home to the Chatham Maroons of the Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League. Located in a residential area on the south side of Chatham, the Memorial Arena has seen numerous renovations in the past ten years, the most recent addition being the installation of a larger, more modern score clock as well as improved lighting.
The Chatham Memorial Arena is the largest sports venue in the municipality of Chatham-Kent. The facility houses ice hockey and figure skating in the winter and ball hockey in the summer. It is also an integral part of the annual Jaycee Fair festivities.
Amenities in the venue are limited. With only two concession stands, one souvenir stand and single washrooms, the arena is outdated. However, the arena features a very rustic if not rough atmosphere, and the local fans do their best to add to this.
History
The arena was built in 1949 on the grounds of a training area used by the Canadian Forces during World War II. When the war ended the region no longer required such a large amount of land for military purposes so the Memorial Arena was erected. Display cases along the east side of the building give glimpses into the past of the Memorial Arena as well as the teams that have called it home. The arena was the home of the Chatham Maroons senior team that won the 1960 Allan Cup as a member of the OHA Senior "A" Hockey League and won the 1950 Turner Cup as International Hockey League champions.
The single retired number hanging from the rafters belongs to former Chatham MicMac (now named Jr. Maroons) Brian Wiseman. His number 9 was retired after Wiseman left Chatham to play for the University of Michigan Wolverines. Approximately 3,600 spectators were in attendance (1,118 over the capacity, the largest crowd at Memorial since its opening day in 1949) to see Wiseman break Ed Olczyk's single season point record. Wiseman amassed 147 points in just 40 games in 1989-90. He went on to be drafted by the New York Rangers late in the NHL Entry Draft. Wiseman played games for the Chicago Wolves, St. John's Maple Leafs, Toronto Maple Leafs and the Houston Aeros before retiring due to concussion problems. Wiseman was named the IHL's Most Valuable Player in 1999.
Arena future
Chatham-Kent City Council has been entertaining the idea of building a new home for Chatham's junior hockey. The proposals have included a 5,000 seat venue on St. Clair College's Thames Campus. The campus is already the location of Thames Campus Arena, which would be coupled with a second ice surface, gym, Olympic-sized pool and convention hall. Other proposals include a complete overhaul of the Memorial Arena or a 6,000-seat new arena, which would dash any hope of a future Ontario Hockey League franchise for the region.
The council has yet to announce any plans and continues to look into the matter. Chatham was targeted by former NHLers Dale and Mark Hunter to be the home of an Ontario Hockey League team. The Hunters planned on assisting in the financing for renovations to the Memorial Arena as well as the construction of a brand new 5,500 seat modern facility. City Council refused to commit any funds to the endeavour and the Hunters have since left town to purchase the now highly successful London Knights of the OHL.
Current teams
Chatham Maroons - Western Ontario Hockey League
Past teams
Chatham Wheels - Colonial Hockey League
Chatham Maroons - International Hockey League/OHA Senior A Hockey League
References
1949 establishments in Ontario
Buildings and structures in Chatham-Kent
Indoor arenas in Ontario
Indoor ice hockey venues in Ontario
Sports venues in Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham%20Memorial%20Arena |
"The Woman in Me (Needs the Man in You)" is a song co-written and recorded by Canadian country music singer Shania Twain. It was released in August 1995 as the third single and title track from her second studio album The Woman in Me. The song was written by Mutt Lange and Twain. The song became Twain's third top-twenty hit at country radio. It was released to radio in August 1995, following the success of her previous single "Any Man of Mine". Twain has performed "The Woman in Me (Needs the Man in You)" on the Up! Tour, in a video interlude for the Now Tour and in a medley for the Come On Over Tour.
Critical reception
Billboard magazine gave the single a mixed review, saying "she seems to gain some momentum on the chorus, but on the verses it seems like she doesn't quite get a vocal grasp on this song." Music & Media wrote, "With hubby producing, all conditions for a hit seem to be fulfilled. The formula used while working with Bryan Adams has now been adapted to country: a ballad with half of the title between brackets."
Music video
The music video for "The Woman in Me" was shot in Cairo and Saqqara, Egypt and directed by Markus Blunder. It was filmed during the first week of July 1995 and released on August 9, 1995 on Country Music Television. In the video, Twain is riding around on a horse through the desert by the pyramids and riding a boat down the Nile River. She is also shown walking around through ancient ruins, revealing her famous navel. To achieve the slow-motion movement while still keeping Shania's performance in sync with the audio, the song was sped up and performed at twice normal speed during shooting. In 1996, the video won the Favorite Video of the Year award at the Golden Pick Awards. The video is available on Twain's DVD The Platinum Collection.
Chart performance
"The Woman in Me" debuted on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart the week of August 12, 1995 at number 65. At that time, her highest debut, a record previously held by "Any Man of Mine". It spent 20 weeks on the chart and climbed to a peak position of number 14 on November 4, 1995, where it remained for one week. "The Woman in Me" became Twain's third consecutive top twenty single. It peaked at number 74 on the Billboard Hot 100 with her next single "(If You're Not in It for Love) I'm Outta Here!".
Official versions
Album Version (4:50)
Radio Edit (3:57)
Steel Guitarless Mix/International Acoustic Version (4:50)
Steel Guitarless Mix Edit/International Acoustic Version Radio Edit (4:03)
Track listings
US CD & Cassette single
"The Woman In Me (Needs The Man In You)" — 4:50
"(If You're Not In It For Love) I'm Outta Here!" — 4:30
Australian CD single
"The Woman In Me (Needs The Man In You)" (Remix) — 4:03
"Whose Bed Have Your Boots Been Under?" (Dance Mix) — 4:54
"Leaving Is The Only Way Out" (LP Version) — 4:11
"The Woman In Me (Needs The Man In You)" (LP Version) — 4:51
Charts
Weekly charts
1 "(If You're Not in It for Love) I'm Outta Here!"/"The Woman in Me (Needs the Man in You)"
Year-end charts
Notes
1995 singles
Shania Twain songs
Songs written by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Song recordings produced by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
RPM Country Tracks number-one singles of the year
Songs written by Shania Twain
Mercury Records singles
Mercury Nashville singles
Country ballads
1994 songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Woman%20in%20Me%20%28Needs%20the%20Man%20in%20You%29 |
Diderik Wagenaar (born 10 May 1946 in Utrecht) is a Dutch composer and musical theorist.
Life and work
Wagenaar has lived and worked all his adult life in The Hague. Born to a musical family that includes Johan Wagenaar, he began playing piano at the age of eight and by the time he was fourteen had set his sights on a musical vocation. As a teenager in the early 1960s he loved Renaissance music, Bach, Ravel, and Thelonious Monk; at the age of eighteen he began studying music theory with Jan van Dijk, Hein Kien and Rudolf Koumans and piano with Simon Admiraal at the Royal Conservatory in The Hague. As a composer he is essentially self-taught.
It was during his student's chamaar years in the mid-60s that Wagenaar began to develop as a composer. Although fascinated by the concerts given by Pierre Boulez and Bruno Maderna with the Hague Philharmonic, he admits to having "no real grip" at that time on the musical avant-garde, and began to look around for other starting-points for his own music. In addition to his fascination with jazz, an important encounter at that time was with the music of Charles Ives, which taught him the value of inclusivity. It also encouraged his tendency to attempt a synthesis between tonality and atonality, to connect previously disparate systems of musical thought. Today Wagenaar feels that the notion of a "music of inclusion" can be seen as an important aspect of the new Dutch music as a whole.
His music is closely linked with that of his friend Louis Andriessen and treats similar ideas in perhaps an even more rigorous manner. Though the ideas may be complex, they are always presented in a clear and straightforward manner. His other influences include Stravinsky, a key figure for the composers of the Hague school, but also importantly Monk and John Coltrane.
His works include commissions for the ensembles Orkest de Volharding, Hoketus, Slagwerkgroep den Haag and Icebreaker and for the Concertgebouw Orchestra.
Works
2010-2014 Canzone sull' Infinito, for voices and orchestra
2012 ....e mi sovvien...., for instrumental ensemble
2008-2009 Preludio all'infinito, for orchestra
2007-2008 Quadrivium (formerly known as Estensione), for two pianos
2006 Libro di melodie, for piano solo
2005-2006 Ricordanza (Ríevocazioni dell’Orfeo di Claudio Monteverdi), for orchestra
2003 Tango waltz, Scherzo da ballo, for orchestra
2002 Pantomima, for large ensemble (Orkest de Volharding in collaboration with Icebreaker)
1998-2000 Galilei (on texts by Galileo Galilei, Roberto Bellarmino, Blaise Pascal), for orchestra
1998 Rookery Hill, for ensemble (Icebreaker)
1998 Musica dopo l'epistola, for brass quintet
1995 (revised 1996) La caccia, for trombone
1995 Trois poèmes en prose (on a text by Baudelaire), for soprano and orchestra
1994 Cat music, for two violins
1994 Speld, for music box
1993 Lent, vague, indécis, for instrumental ensemble
1992 Solenne, for six percussionists
1991 Le chat (from album Tien vocale minuten), for mezzo-soprano
1990 Tessituur, for orchestra
1989 La volta, for piano solo
1988 Triforium, and wind orchestra and percussion
1988 Festinalente, for solo trumpet with brass orchestra and percussion
1987 Schigolch, two voices and two mouth organs and string or wind instrument
1985 (revised 1986) Limiet, for string quartet
1985 Crescent, for 34 wind instruments
1981-1984 (revised 1986) Metrum, for symphony orchestra and obligato saxophone quartet (arranged in 1995 by John Godfrey, for ensemble (Icebreaker))
1981 Stadium, for two pianos
1972-1980 Canapé, romantic music for piano, clarinet, violin and cello
1979 Vier min één, three pieces for three trumpets
1979 Tam Tam, for 12 instrumentalists (Hoketus)
1976 (revised 1978) Liederen, for brass instruments, two pianos and double bass (Orkest de Volharding)
1975 Tango for Jet, for ensemble (Orkest de Volharding)
1973 (revised 1990) Praxis, symphony for two grand pianos with oboe ad libitum
1969 Kaleidofonen I, for alto saxophone and piano
? 2 liedjes: Slaapliedje voor Emanuel - Cradle song, for voice solo
Recordings
Huib Emmer • Diderik Wagenaar • Gilius van Bergeijk includes Kaleidofonen I performed by Gilius van Bergeijk (alto sax) and Gerard Bouwhuis (piano). LP, Ooyevaer Disk 36-31
Diderik Wagenaar: Composers' Voice Portrait Gerard Bouwhuis, Netherlands Wind Ensemble and Radio Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Geert Van Keulen, Arie Van Beek, and Lucas Vis. La Volta, Stadium, Solenne, Liederen (Canzonas) and Metrum. Donemus CV 29
Diderik Wagenaar: Composers' Voice Portrait Ensemble Icebreaker. Metrum (arr. John Godfrey), Rookery Hill and Tam Tam. Donemus CV 94
ConSequenze includes La caccia. Done Composers' Voice KN2. Key Notes (Donemus' magazine) - Special release for subscribers only
Wie is bang voor Nederlandse muziek? includes Rookery Hill by Wagenaar performed by Ensemble Icebreaker (same recording as on Donemus CV 94). Donemus NM Classics 93007
Radio Kamer Orkest - Ernest Bour • Ed Spanjaard • Groot Omroepkoor - Kees van Baaren • Peter Schat • Theo Loevendie • Diderik Wagenaar - Aspects of Music from the Netherlands 17 includes Tessituur performed by Radio Kamer Orkest conducted by Ed Spanjaard. BFO/Radio Nederland
Music Box - 32 composities voor muziekdoos includes Speld. VPRO EigenWijs EW 9413
Rumori - De organisatie van geluid... - 1995/1996 includes Cat Music performed by Marijke van Kooten and Marin Mars
References
Last FM biography page, accessed 4 February 2010
Donemus biography page accessed 4 February 2010
1946 births
Living people
Dutch male classical composers
Dutch classical composers
20th-century classical composers
Musicians from Utrecht (city)
Musicians from The Hague
20th-century Dutch male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diderik%20Wagenaar |
Sien may refer to:
Sien of Diauehi, king of an ancient people of north-east Anatolia
Sien, Germany, an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Birkenfeld district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Sien Hoornik, mistress of Vincent van Gogh and model for his famous drawing Sorrow
Wong Foon Sien (1899–1971), Canadian journalist and labour activist
Osowa Sień
Ot en Sien, a 1902 old children's book, written by a teacher in Drenthe, the Netherlands
Red Sien, a 1975 Dutch comedy film directed by Frans Weisz, produced by Rob du Mée
Sien Sovv | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sien |
SME, formerly the Society of Manufacturing Engineers, is a non-profit student and professional association for educating and advancing the manufacturing industry in North America.
History
SME was founded in January 1932 at the height of the Great Depression. Originally named the Society of Tool Engineers, and renamed the American Society of Tool Engineers one year later, it was formed by a group of 33 engineers and mechanics gathered at the Detroit College of Applied Science. By April of that year, just four months after its beginning, membership increased from the original 33 members to 200 members and continued to grow rapidly with new chapters popping up across the country. As the economic troubles of the 1930s pushed the world ever-closer to war, Society members responded by helping to convert America's industries into the primary military supplier for the Allied war effort, or what President Roosevelt referred to as the "arsenal of democracy." The organization also tailored their educational materials to meet the needs of the defense program and established the Emergency Defense Training Committee. Between 1941 and the end of the war in 1945, Society membership more than doubled, rising from 8,700 to nearly 18,000 members.
Following the end of the war, the Society helped convert America's wartime industry into a producer of consumer goods. Switching focus from defense to research, appointing a planning committee and setting aside $25,000 for establishing a Research Fund in 1950, the society proceeded to establish a $50,000 educational fund and awarded its first scholarships in 1951. In 1960, the Society changed its name to The American Society of Tool and Manufacturing Engineers and in 1970 it became the Society of Manufacturing Engineers. However, since 2013 only the abbreviation SME has been used as the official name.
The Society launched the SME Manufacturing Engineering Education Foundation in May 1979. By 2007 SME had successfully expanded into more than 72 countries, establishing itself as the world's leading provider of knowledge, networking and skills development for the manufacturing industry. In September 2010, SME acquired Tooling University LLC, an educational technology and blended learning company that provides learning management system software and online manufacturing training content.
In 2018, SME moved its headquarters from Dearborn, MI, to Southfield, MI.
References
External links
Manufacturing in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SME%20%28society%29 |
Ilex montana, the mountain winterberry (or "mountain holly" which is more typically Ilex mucronata), is a species of holly native to the Eastern United States, ranging along the Appalachian Mountains from southeast Massachusetts to northeast Alabama and northern Georgia. Synonyms include Ilex monticola.
Description
Ilex montana is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to tall. The leaves are 3–9 cm long and 2–5 cm broad, light green, ovate or oblong, wedge-shaped or rounded at the base and acute at apex, with a serrated margin and an acuminate apex; they do not suggest the popular idea of a holly, with no spines or bristles. The leaves turn yellow before dropping in late autumn.
The flowers are 4–5 mm diameter, with a four-lobed white corolla, appearing in late spring when the leaves are more than half grown. The fruit is a spherical bright red drupe 8–10 mm diameter, containing four seeds.
Taxonomy
It is treated by some botanists as a variety of the related Ilex ambigua (Sand Holly), as I. ambigua var. monticola; the two are sometimes mistaken for each other in the U.S. southeastern coastal plain. The Latin specific epithet montana refers to mountains or coming from mountains.
References
External links
montana
Trees of the Southeastern United States
Trees of the Northeastern United States
Flora of the Appalachian Mountains
Natural history of the Great Smoky Mountains | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilex%20montana |
Chash may refer to:
In computing
C Sharp (programming language)
cHash, a hash value
Places
Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan, which was known as "Chach" in medieval times
See also
Cash (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chash |
Beverungen () is a town in Höxter district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Location
Beverungen lies in the Weser Uplands on the side of the Weser opposite Solling roughly 10 km south of Höxter. In parts of the eastern municipal area near the river, the town has a share of the Weser Valley, and to the west the higher Oberwälder Land natural region. In Beverungen (main town), the river Bever empties into the Weser.
Geopolitically, Beverungen thereby lies in eastern North Rhine-Westphalia at the three-state point shared with Lower Saxony and Hesse. The Weser forms the border with the former.
One peculiarity in the town's location is to be found at the constituent community of Würgassen (, which lies on the Weser's right (here, north) bank, which would actually mean that the community were in Lower Saxony had it not been for the way a long-standing boundary dispute was settled in 1837. Even today, the boundary does not quite put all the community in North Rhine-Westphalia; the local Shooting Brotherhood's shooting range still lies partly in North Rhine-Westphalia and partly in Lower Saxony.
Neighbouring communities
The town of Beverungen lies right at the point common to the Bundesländer of North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony and Hesse. It borders in the west on the towns of Borgentreich and Brakel, in the north on the town of Höxter (all in Höxter district), in the east on the Samtgemeinde of Boffzen with its member communities of Boffzen and Fürstenberg and the market town of Lauenförde (all in Holzminden district), and the municipality-free area of Solling (Northeim district), and in the south on the towns of Bad Karlshafen and Trendelburg (both in Kassel district).
Constituent communities
Beverungen consists of the following 12 centres:
Beverungen
Amelunxen
Blankenau
Dalhausen
Drenke
Haarbrück
Herstelle
Jakobsberg
Rothe
Tietelsen
Wehrden
Würgassen
History
The name "Beverungun" is known from as early as the mid 9th century. This was at first a noble estate with great landholdings, which soon developed into a village. About 1300, Bishop Bernhard of Paderborn began building work on the castle. The village was granted town rights in 1417. For over 500 years thereafter, Beverungen was a farming town.
The town reached both heights and depths through this time, one of the latter being the Plague striking the town in 1626, during the Thirty Years' War. The Hessians and the Swedes saw fit in 1632 to burn the town down, leaving only five houses standing afterwards. Thanks to the town's advantageous location, it soon recovered and quickly had a flourishing trade in grain, iron and glass from the glassworks in the Paderborner Land.
For centuries, Beverungen was the harbour town for the Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn. Even many people who went to the Americas began their journeys to the ocean steamers in Bremen here. Towards the end of the 19th century, a new economic upswing began with the railway's arrival and the building of a bridge across the Weser.
During World War II, a subcamp of Flossenbürg concentration camp was located here.
The current town of Beverungen with its 12 constituent communities was created in 1970.
Würgassen
Its existence witnessed by documentary proof from the 10th century, Würgassen likely already existed in Charlemagne's time. In 1698, the stately home (Schloss) was completed.
Although the local folklore holds that the village's name came about from the story in which "Charlemagne had the Würgassen dwellers strangled in the lanes for reverting to heathen customs", or in German, "Karl der Große hat die Würgasser wegen eines Rückfalles in heidnische Sitten in den Gassen erwürgen lassen", this is certainly untrue. Rather, the village's original name was Wirrigsen, more closely akin to the terms Wirura (the Weser) and Gisen (bubble up). As late as the early 20th century, the Weser at Würgassen was still underlain by a good many rocks, so that the water was churned up.
The villagers who did not work in agriculture in earlier days hired themselves out foremost as sailors in the shipping on the river Weser. In the 1970s, many people were employed at the newly built Würgassen Nuclear Power Plant, which was abandoned in 1995 and is now being dismantled.
Politics
Town council
Town council's 32 seats are apportioned as follows, in accordance with municipal elections held on 26 September 2004:
CDU 18 seats
SPD 8 seats
Greens 3 seats
FDP 3 seats
Coat of arms
Beverungen's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: In azure three fleurs-de-lis argent, two above, one below.
The fleur-de-lis only appeared in the town's official seal in the 17th century. At first, there was only one, but the now familiar design with three came into use in the 18th century. The charge is believed to represent the Bishop of Paderborn. The arms were officially conferred on 12 May 1917, and confirmed in 1970.
The current arms do not bear any likeness to the original town seal, which came into use at the time when Beverungen was granted town rights. This seal showed a town gate and Saint Vitus.
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
Beverungen is served by Lauenförde-Beverungen station on the Solling Railway (Sollingbahn) in the neighbouring community of Lauenförde, which is close to Beverungen. Trains run hourly to Ottbergen and Bodenfelde; from Bodenfelde, trains run to either Northeim or Göttingen. From Ottbergen there are connections to Altenbeken, Paderborn and Holzminden. Furthermore, the constituent community of Wehrden has a halt on the same line.
Public institutions
Public Internet café
Festival hall
Würgassen nuclear power station (derelict)
Education
Beverungen has a school centre with a Hauptschule, a Realschule and a Gymnasium to which go students not only from Beverungen, but also from the neighbouring communities of Lauenförde in Lower Saxony and Trendelburg-Langental in Hesse.
Events
In Beverungen, a shooting festival is held every other year. Every year at Whitsun, the "Orange-Blossom-Special" – a music festival hosted by the local record label/mail order company, Glitterhouse Records – is held. Some 2000 visitors attend from all over Europe.
Twin towns – sister cities
Beverungen is twinned with:
Briouze, France
References
External links
Beverungen
Beverungen's public Internet café
Beverungen in the Kulturatlas Westfalen
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Höxter (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverungen |
Northern Thrace or North Thrace (, ; ; ), also called Bulgarian Thrace, constitutes the northern and largest part of the historical region of Thrace. It is located in Southern Bulgaria and includes the territory south of the Balkan Mountains and east of the Mesta River, bordering Western Thrace and East Thrace in the south, and the Black Sea in the east. It encompasses Sredna Gora, the Upper Thracian Plain, and 90% of the Rhodopes.
The climate ranges from continental to transitional continental and mountainous. The highest temperature recorded in Bulgaria occurred here: it was at Sadovo in 1916. The main rivers of the region are the Maritsa and its tributaries. Notable cities include Plovdiv, Burgas, Stara Zagora, Sliven, Haskovo, Yambol, Pazardzhik, Asenovgrad, Kardzhali, Dimitrovgrad, Kazanlak and Smolyan. Northern Thrace has an area of 42,073 km2.
The Ottoman Empire created the autonomous province of Eastern Rumelia in Northern Thrace in 1878. The region was annexed by the Principality of Bulgaria in 1885.
Demographics
The ethnic composition of the population of Eastern Rumelia.
The population's ethnic composition in the Bulgarian provinces of Burgas, Haskovo, Kardzhali, Pazardzhik, Plovdiv, Sliven, Smolyan, Stara Zagora and Yambol.
See also
Eastern Thrace
Western Thrace
References
Historical regions in Bulgaria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern%20Thrace |
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 2000 followed the system in use since 1995. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players and
elected two: Carlton Fisk and Tony Pérez. The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions and selected three people from multiple classified ballots: Sparky Anderson, Bid McPhee, and Turkey Stearnes.
Induction ceremonies in Cooperstown, New York, were held July 23 with George Grande as master of ceremonies.
BBWAA election
The BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1980 or later but not after 1994 (final game, 1980 to 1994). The ballot comprised 30 candidates, 16 returning from the 1999 ballot, where they received at least 5% support, and 14 on the ballot for the first time (†), chosen by a screening committee from players who last appeared in 1994. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to participate by voting for as many as 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots returned would be honored with induction to the Hall.
Results were announced on January 11, 2000. A total of 499 ballots were returned so 375 votes were required for election. A total of 2813 individual votes were cast, an average of 5.64 per ballot. Candidates who received less than 5% support, or 25 votes, would not appear on future BBWAA ballots (*). They were also eliminated from future consideration by the Veterans Committee of the time, but that possibility was restored by new arrangements passed in 2001 and eligibility for the Veterans Committee ballot remains unrelated to performance in BBWAA elections after subsequent reforms.
Two players were elected and 15 with final games played during 1981–94 were forwarded to next year.
The newly-eligible players included 16 All-Stars, three who were not included on the ballot, representing a total of 43 All-Star selections. Among the new candidates were 9-time All-Star Goose Gossage and 5-time All-Stars Steve Sax and Jack Morris. The field included two Rookies of the Year (Sax and Rick Sutcliffe) and two Cy Young Award winners (Sutcliffe and Bob Welch).
Players eligible for the first time who were not included on the ballot were: Larry Andersen, Daryl Boston, Sid Bream, Tom Brunansky, Storm Davis, Steve Farr, Mike Felder, Joe Hesketh, Jay Howell, Mike Jeffcoat, Tim Leary, Craig Lefferts, Kevin McReynolds, Bob Melvin, Edwin Núñez, Bob Ojeda, Junior Ortiz, Dan Pasqua, Gary Redus, and Harold Reynolds.
The Veterans Committee
The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions to elect as many as two executives, managers, umpires, and older major league players—the categories considered in all its meetings since 1953.
The older players eligible were those with ten major league seasons beginning 1945 or earlier; those who received at least 100 votes from the BBWAA in some election up to 1990; and those who received at least 60% support in some election beginning 1991. Players on Major League Baseball's ineligible list were also ineligible for election.
By an arrangement since 1995 the committee separately considered candidates from the Negro leagues and from the 19th century with authority to select one from each of those two special ballots.
It elected three people, one fewer than the maximum number permitted: manager Sparky Anderson from the 1970s, center fielder Turkey Stearnes from the Negro leagues, and second baseman Bid McPhee from the 19th century.
J. G. Taylor Spink Award
Hal Lebovitz received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award honoring a baseball writer. (The award was voted at the December 1999 meeting of the BBWAA, dated 1999, and conferred in the summer 2000 ceremonies.)
Ford C. Frick Award
Marty Brennaman received the Ford C. Frick Award honoring a baseball broadcaster.
References
External links
2000 Election at www.baseballhalloffame.org.
Baseball Hall of Fame balloting
Hall of Fame balloting | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20Baseball%20Hall%20of%20Fame%20balloting |
The system partition and the boot partition (also known as the system volume and the boot volume) are computing terms for disk partitions of a hard disk drive or solid-state drive that must exist and be properly configured for a computer to operate. There are two different definitions for these terms: the common definition and the Microsoft definition.
Common definition
In context of every operating system, except those developed by Microsoft, the system partition and the boot partition are defined as follows:
The boot partition is a primary partition that contains the boot loader, a piece of software responsible for booting the operating system. For example, in the standard Linux directory layout (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard), boot files (such as the kernel, initrd, and boot loader GRUB) are mounted at /boot/. Despite Microsoft's radically different definition (see below), System Information, a utility app included in Windows NT family of operating systems, refers to it as "boot device".
The system partition is the disk partition that contains the operating system folder, known as the system root. By default, in Linux, operating system files are mounted at / (the root directory).
In Linux, a single partition can be both a boot and a system partition if both /boot/ and the root directory are in the same partition.
Microsoft definition
Since Windows NT 3.1 (the first version of Windows NT), Microsoft has defined the terms as follows:
The system partition (or system volume) is a primary partition that contains the boot loader, a piece of software responsible for booting the operating system. This partition holds the boot sector and is marked active.
The boot partition (or boot volume) is the disk partition that contains the operating system folder, known as the system root or %systemroot% in Windows NT.
Before Windows 7, the system and boot partitions were, by default, the same and were given the "C:" drive letter. Since Windows 7, however, Windows Setup creates, by default, a separate system partition that is not given an identifier and therefore is hidden. The boot partition is still given "C:" as its identifier. This configuration is suitable for running BitLocker, which requires a separate unencrypted system partition for booting. As of Windows 11, this nomenclature is still used by the "Disk Management" utility.
See also
NTLDR
Windows startup process
Windows NT startup process
Windows Vista startup process
Windows To Go
References
Booting
Disk partitions
Windows administration | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20partition%20and%20boot%20partition |
Borgentreich is a municipality in the Höxter district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Borgentreich lies roughly 20 km south of Brakel and 10 km northeast of Warburg.
The constituent community of Borgholz lies on the foothill of a high ridge northeast of Borgentreich (main town).
Constituent communities
Borgentreich consists of the following 12 centres:
Borgentreich
Borgholz
Bühne
Drankhausen
Großeneder
Körbecke
Lütgeneder
Manrode
Muddenhagen
Natingen
Natzungen
Rösebeck
History
Borgentreich was mentioned for the first time in 1280 under the name Borguntriche when Otto von Rietberg, the Bishop of Paderborn, was granted leave by Siegfried von Westerburg, the Archbishop of Cologne, to fortify the town. Later Borgentreich would become a city in the hanseatic league.
Borgholz
Borgholz was first mentioned in 1291 in two documents, both confirming that there was a Borcholte at this time. It has to thank for its founding – as does the main town – a dispute over sovereignty in the area between the Archbishops of Cologne and the Bishops of Paderborn in the 13th century. The Archbishops of Cologne were trying to hem the Bishops' domain in with a ring of towns and castles.
The order to fortify the village high over the Jordan Valley was issued by Bishop Otto of Paderborn in 1290. He transferred to Bertold Schuwen a position as castle overseer (Burgmannsitz), the first one in the episcopal castle of Borgholz. A document of founding, or one granting town rights, has never been found. In a document from 1295, however, Borgholz is already called a town. After it was founded, roughly 500 people, according to a careful estimate, lived in the town. From an 1831 cadastral plan of the town, it is clear that the whole town, along with the castle, was ringed by a wall enclosing an area of 6.22 ha. Drawn from this is the conclusion that Borgholz had never spread beyond its original town walls. Within the walls, however, was still a fair deal of free land which could have been used for expansion.
Natzungen
Natzungen's first documentary mention goes back to the year 1036, when Bishop Bruno of Würzburg donated the Sunrike ( between Borgentreich and Eissen ) estate to the Würzburg Church and two Hufe of land to his Ministerialis Richbold and his wife Richeze; this land was in Natesingen.
Until the 15th century, Natzungen was two communities, called Obernatzungen and Niedernatzungen ("Upper" and "Lower" respectively). Niedernatzungen, which was near Borgholz railway station, is gone, and it is believed that it either fell victim to the Soest Feud or was destroyed by the Hussites, leaving only Obernatzungen, now called Natzungen.
Main sights
Since 1980, the former town hall in Borgentreich has housed Germany's first organ museum.
Natzungen has a church with an unusually high and massive tower built in the 12th and 13th centuries. It was likely used as a flight tower (for refuge), and has Romanesque window openings in the belfry, as well as a remarkable Baroque altar. This was originally in the Abdinghofkirche in Paderborn, but was moved here.
Politics
Town council
Town council's 26 seats are apportioned as follows, in accordance with municipal elections held on May 25, 2014:
CDU 15 seats
SPD 7 seats
FDP 1 seat
Alliance '90/The Greens 2 seats
Independent 1 seat
Coat of arms
Borgentreich's civic coat of arms has as one charge a rather unusual cross with a spike on the bottom. The old arms, which simply showed in gules a cross pattée Or, had this same spiked cross, although all four of the cross's arms were the same length. This kind of cross can also be seen in Verden's coat of arms, and may derive from the arms borne by the princely bishopric of Paderborn. The old composition is known from a town seal from 1341.
The newer arms, still used now, were granted on July 19, 1976, and incorporate a charge from Borgholz's coat of arms, namely the fleur-de-lis, to reflect the former town's amalgamation into Borgentreich.
The "embattled" (heraldically speaking) area in the bottom of the shield is the local variant of the widespread practice of representing in the civic coat of arms the number of constituent communities in an amalgamated municipality such as Borgentreich. There are 12 battlements shown here, one for each constituent community.
Personalities
Honorary citizens:
Adolf Gabriel (1926-2005), mayor from 1981-1994, honorary citizen since 19 December 1994
Sons and daughters of the town:
Jordanus Nemorarius (also called Jordanus de Nemore, 1225-1260), mathematician of the Middle Ages ( Borgentreich as a place of birth is controversial )
References
External links
Borgentreich in the Kulturatlas Westfalen
VfR Borgentreich website (sport club)
Manrode
www.natzungen.de Natzungen
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Höxter (district)
Members of the Hanseatic League | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgentreich |
New York State Route 365 (NY 365) is an east–west state highway in the central portion of New York, United States. It extends for from an intersection with NY 5, east of the Madison County city of Oneida to a junction with NY 8 in the Herkimer County town of Ohio. The portion of NY 365 in western and central Oneida County is a regionally important highway that serves densely populated areas, including the cities of Oneida and Rome. In Verona, a town situated midway between the two locations, NY 365 passes by the Turning Stone Resort & Casino and connects to the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90 or I-90). East of Barneveld, a village in eastern Oneida County, NY 365 is a rural connector road that runs along the Hinckley Reservoir, a waterbody that extends into Herkimer County and Adirondack Park.
Modern NY 365 was originally designated as part of several routes in the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. One of these was New York State Route 287, which extended from Barneveld to Ohio via Prospect. NY 365 itself was assigned in 1932, utilizing its current alignment from Verona to Barneveld. At the time, the route also extended west into Oneida on what is now NY 365A and northeast through the North Country to Plattsburgh by way of several pre-existing state routes. NY 365 was realigned to bypass Oneida in 1949—giving way to NY 365A—and truncated to end at NY 12C (partly now NY 291) in the late 1950s. The route was extended to its present eastern terminus on January 1, 1970, following the elimination of NY 12C and NY 287.
Route description
Most of NY 365 is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). The only section not maintained by the state lies within the inner district of the city of Rome, where of the route are city-maintained. State maintenance of NY 365 ends at the north end of the ramp connecting the eastbound Utica–Rome Expressway to East Dominick Street and resumes at the point where East Dominick Street exits the inner district of Rome.
West of Rome
NY 365 begins at an intersection with NY 5 in Oneida Castle, a village just east of the city of Oneida. It heads north through the village as State Street, passing several residential blocks before it meets NY 365A (Prospect Street) at a junction just outside the village limits in the town of Verona. From here, NY 365 takes on a more northeasterly routing as it travels through the hamlet of Sconondoa and proceeds through a mostly residential area of Verona. About northeast of Oneida Castle, the route widens from a two-lane undivided highway to a four-lane divided highway as it passes the sprawling Turning Stone Resort & Casino and connects to the New York State Thruway (I-90) at exit 33. Just past the Thruway exit is the hamlet of Dams Corner, where NY 365 intersects NY 31, a major east–west route that turns south here toward the village of Vernon.
From NY 31, NY 365 continues as a divided highway through gradually less developed areas of the town of Verona. After passing through an area known as Cagwin Corners, it enters an undeveloped, marshy portion of Verona, paralleling the CSX Transportation-owned Mohawk Subdivision rail line for roughly as both head into the outer district of the city of Rome. While the railroad continues almost due northeast toward Rome's inner district, NY 365 gradually turns to the east, traversing more marshlands and passing the Mohawk Correctional Facility as it intersects NY 26. At this point, NY 26 turns east, overlapping with NY 365 as the divided highway becomes the Utica–Rome Expressway, a limited-access highway linking the cities of Rome and Utica.
NY 26 leaves NY 365 at the first interchange on the freeway, a directional T interchange with East Erie Boulevard. At the same time, NY 49 and NY 69 enter the expressway, and both routes follow NY 365 east for to the next exit near the hamlet of Stanwix. Here, the swamps give way to more developed areas as NY 69 exits the freeway and briefly overlaps with NY 233 through Stanwix. Past the junction, the expressway turns northward, crossing the Mohawk River, the Mohawk Subdivision, and the Erie Canal to reach the inner district of Rome. On the northern bank of the canal, NY 365 splits from the freeway at an interchange connecting to East Dominick Street, leaving just NY 49 on the Utica–Rome Expressway.
East of Rome
Now on the two-lane East Dominick Street, NY 365 passes through a mostly commercial area of Rome, closely paralleling NY 49 to an intersection with Shady Grove Trail, a local street linking NY 365 to NY 825 and the former Griffiss Air Force Base. The route continues on, passing under NY 825 itself before entering a more residential portion of Rome's outer district and becoming River Road. NY 365 leaves River Road about later to follow New Floyd Road into the town of Floyd. While on New Floyd Road, NY 365 follows a mostly southwest–northeast alignment that the route maintains up through the village of Barneveld. The route crosses areas consisting of homes, forests, and farmland on its way through the hamlet of Floyd to a junction with NY 291 in the adjacent town of Marcy.
Beyond this intersection, NY 365 traverses mostly open areas of the town of Trenton before it enters the village of Holland Patent, mostly based around NY 365's junction with NY 274. NY 365 continues on, crossing the isolated and sparsely populated areas that separate the villages of Holland Patent and Barneveld. It initially enters Barneveld on Boon Street; however, NY 365 turns north at the first intersection it encounters in the village to follow Mappa Avenue back out of the community. Instead, NY 365 connects to NY 12 and NY 28 at an interchange north of Barneveld. Past the junction, the route heads through forested areas to the northern edge of the village of Prospect. Here, it meets Prospect Road, formerly NY 28B and now NY 920V, an unsigned reference route.
East of Prospect, NY 365 continues to travel in a northeastern direction, passing amongst forests as it follows the northern edge of the Hinckley Reservoir, a large man-made lake fed by West Canada Creek. It runs across parts of the towns of Trenton and Remsen to the Herkimer County line, at which point NY 365 enters Adirondack Park. In Herkimer County, NY 365 quietly runs eastward through the towns of Russia and Ohio, remaining close to the north edge of the reservoir and, past its east end, West Canada Creek. The route ends from the county line at an intersection with NY 8 southwest of the hamlet of Wilmurt.
History
In 1908, the New York State Legislature created Route 29, an unsigned legislative route extending from the eastern city limits of Oneida in the south to Rome in the north. Also created at this time was Route 25, which began in Whitesboro and passed through Holland Patent and Barneveld on its way to the North Country and ultimately to Albany. In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, legislative Route 29 became part of NY 5S, which began at NY 5 southwest of Oneida and followed Lenox Avenue and Prospect Street through the city before proceeding to Rome on Route 29's former alignment. At Rome, NY 5S turned eastward and continued to Utica. To the northeast, the Holland Patent–Barneveld segment of legislative Route 25 became part of NY 12C, an alternate route of NY 12 between Utica and Barneveld. NY 5S and NY 12C were linked by NY 46A, a newly designated alternate route of NY 46 between Rome and Western that overlapped with NY 12C in the vicinity of Holland Patent.
NY 365 was assigned in 1932 to an alignment extending from Oneida northeast through Adirondack Park to the city of Plattsburgh in Clinton County via Rome, Barneveld, Old Forge, Blue Mountain Lake, Tupper Lake, and Bloomingdale. Initially, all of NY 365 was concurrent to at least one other route: NY 5S from Oneida to Rome, NY 46A from Rome to Holland Patent, NY 12C between Holland Patent and Barneveld, NY 28 from Barneveld through Forestport to Blue Mountain Lake, NY 10 (now NY 30) between Blue Mountain Lake and Lake Clear Junction, NY 86 (modern NY 186) from there to Harrietstown, NY 408 between Harrietstown and Gabriels, NY 192 from Gabriels to Bloomingdale, and NY 3 from Bloomingdale to Plattsburgh. NY 408 was removed , making the Harrietstown–Gabriels segment of NY 365 the first to be independent of any other route. The next was the piece between Oneida and Rome, which became solely NY 365 after NY 5S was truncated eastward to Utica in the early 1940s.
In the mid-1940s, NY 365 was realigned between Wawbeek and Bloomingdale to overlap NY 3, bypassing Lake Clear and Gabriels in order to serve Saranac Lake instead. The route was altered again on January 1, 1949, to bypass Oneida to the east and connect to NY 5 in Oneida Castle. Its former routing through Oneida became NY 365A. NY 365 was truncated southwestward to its junction with NY 12C west of Holland Patent in the late 1950s, eliminating the bevy of overlaps between NY 365 and other routes in the North Country. The overlap between NY 365 and NY 46A was eliminated in the early 1950s after NY 46A was renumbered to NY 274 and truncated to run only from Holland Patent to Western.
Originally, modern NY 365 between Barneveld and NY 8 in Ohio was designated as NY 287 in the 1930 renumbering. NY 287 was extended southwestward to Floyd in the early 1950s, replacing a portion of NY 46A on Koenig Road between River Road (NY 49) and NY 365. It was realigned again by 1954 to follow NY 365 past Koenig Road into Rome but truncated back to its original western terminus in Barneveld in the late 1950s. On January 1, 1970, the NY 12C and NY 287 designations were eliminated and replaced with an extended NY 365 from Holland Patent to Ohio.
Future
There are efforts within NYSDOT to renumber NY Routes 49 and 365 (from Utica to Thruway Exit 33 in the Town of Verona) to NY Route 790, with the eventual plan of renumbering it again as an extension of I-790. The cost for the conversion to Interstate standards is estimated to be between $150 million and $200 million.
U.S. Representative Michael Arcuri introduced legislation in July 2010 that would redesignate the portion of NY 49 from the North–South Arterial in Utica to NY 825 in Rome as part of I-790. The conversion is expected to cost between $1.5 and $2 million, which would be used to install new signage along the expressway. By adding the Utica–Rome Expressway to the Interstate Highway System, the area would receive approximately $10 million in additional federal highway funding over the next five years. According to Arcuri, the proposed redesignation is part of a larger, long-term goal of creating an Interstate Highway-standard freeway that would begin at Thruway exit 33 in Verona and pass through Rome before ending at Thruway exit 31. The portion of NY 49 east of NY 825 already meets Interstate Highway standards.
Major intersections
NY 365A
NY 365A is a east-west spur connecting NY 365 to downtown Oneida. The route begins at NY 5 southwest of the city and intersects NY 46 in the center of Oneida before ending at NY 365 east of the city. It was assigned on January 1, 1949, after NY 365 was realigned to bypass Oneida to the east.
See also
References
External links
365
Transportation in Herkimer County, New York
Transportation in Oneida County, New York
Transportation in Rome, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20State%20Route%20365 |
Diann Roffe (born March 24, 1967), also known as Diann Roffe-Steinrotter, is a former World Cup-winning alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist from the United States.
Early life
Roffe was born in Warsaw, New York and learned to ski at Brantling Ski Center near Rochester, New York.
Career
Roffe placed 8th in the FIS Alpine Skiing World Cup giant slalom (GS) race on March 7, 1984 at Lake Placid, and placed 9th in the same discipline on December 15, 1984 at Madonna di Campiglio. She won a gold medal in the GS event at the 1985 World Championships in Bormio, Italy at age 17.
Roffe also won the silver medal (tying with Anita Wachter) in the GS event at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France.
Roffe won the Super-G (SG) event at the 1994 Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway. She took first place in the SG event at the 1994 World Cup Finals in Vail, Colorado.
She had season-ending knee injuries in 1986 and 1991.
Roffe was inducted into the National Ski Hall of Fame in 2003.
World Cup results
Season standings
Race podiums
2 wins(1 SG, 1 GS)
8 podiums(1 SG, 7 GS)
References
External links
Diann Roffe Steinrotter World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation
1967 births
American female alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Living people
Medalists at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in alpine skiing
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in alpine skiing
People from Warsaw, New York
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diann%20Roffe |
"Go ahead, make my day" is a catchphrase from the 1983 film Sudden Impact, spoken by the character Harry Callahan, played by Clint Eastwood. The iconic line was written by John Milius, whose writing contributions to the film were uncredited, but has also been attributed to Charles B. Pierce, who wrote the film's story, and to Joseph Stinson, who wrote the screenplay. In 2005, it was chosen as No. 6 on the American Film Institute list AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes.
Origins
The phrase "make my day" had already been similarly uttered a year earlier in a lesser-known movie from 1982 titled Vice Squad. In that scene, a detective, Tom Walsh (Gary Swanson), while arresting a pimp named 'Ramrod' (Wings Hauser), puts his gun up to the side of Ramrod's mouth and says "Come on scumbag, make your move... and make my day!".
At the beginning of the movie, Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood) goes into a diner for a morning cup of coffee where he discovers a robbery in progress. He kills all but one of the robbers in a shootout. However, the surviving robber grabs the fleeing waitress Loretta (Mara Corday), holds his gun to her head, and threatens to shoot. Instead of backing off, Harry points his .44 Magnum revolver into the man's face and dares him to shoot, saying with clenched teeth and in his characteristic rough grumble, "Go ahead, make my day,'" meaning that if the robber attempts to harm Loretta in any way, Harry would be happy to dispatch the robber. At the end of the film, Harry, again, says "Come on, make my day" just before shooting Mick the rapist, who aims his stolen shotgun at Harry's lover, Jennifer Spencer (Sondra Locke).
Influence
Country singer T.G. Sheppard recorded a novelty song with Eastwood titled "Make My Day" which featured Eastwood reciting the line.
When speaking out against taxes at the 1985 American Business Conference, President Ronald Reagan, himself a former actor, stated "I have my veto pen drawn and ready for any tax increase that Congress might even think of sending up. And I have only one thing to say to the tax increasers. Go ahead—make my day."
In "White Heat", from the 1986 album True Blue, Madonna draws inspiration and samples lines from noir movie White Heat and uses the line in the chorus of the song.
The song "Action" by Finnish band LOVEX features the line in its lyrics.
During his speech at the 2012 Republican National Convention, Eastwood ended by referencing the line. In February 2015, The Economist featured the headline "Go ahead, Angela, make my day" in reference to the European debt crisis.
"Stand-your-ground" statutes referring to a person's right to self-defense are sometimes referred to as "make my day" statutes.
Italy
An Italian version of the phrase, Coraggio... fatti ammazzare (more literally "go ahead, get yourself killed"), was also chosen as the title for the dubbed version of the film and has become a catchphrase in Italy as well.
References
External links
AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movie Quotes
Can you remember these famous movies quotes? (video quiz)
Quotations from film
Dirty Harry
1983 introductions
English phrases
American political catchphrases
1983 neologisms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%20ahead%2C%20make%20my%20day |
Marienmünster is a town in Höxter district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Location
Marienmünster is North Rhine-Westphalia's smallest municipality by land area. It lies in the Weserbergland, in the state's easternmost district, about 15 km north of Brakel.
Neighbouring communities
Clockwise from the north, Marienmünster's neighbours are:
The Town of Schieder-Schwalenberg, Lippe district;
The Town of Höxter, Höxter district;
The Town of Brakel, Höxter district;
The Town of Nieheim, Höxter district;
The Town of Steinheim, Höxter district.
Constituent communities
Marienmünster consists of the following centres:
Altenbergen – 519 inhabitants
Born – 100 inhabitants
Bremerberg – 122 inhabitants
Bredenborn – 1,603 inhabitants
Eilversen – 84 inhabitants
Großenbreden – 103 inhabitants
Hohehaus – 206 inhabitants
Kleinenbreden – 126 inhabitants
Kollerbeck with the farming community of Langenkamp – 778 inhabitants
Löwendorf with the farming community of Saumer – 267 inhabitants
Münsterbrock with the former abbey and the farming community of Oldenburg – 131 inhabitants
Papenhöfen with the farming community of Bönekenberg – 234 inhabitants
Vörden – 1,337 inhabitants
Climate
Marienmünster-Vörden's bioclimate and the surrounding area's displays a number of factors of varying intensity that make it quite agreeable and restful, giving the area the proper preconditions for using the climate in therapy. This goes for all times of year other than the winter months, when cold, dry weather takes hold under the influence of Continental systems, and the Weserbergland, Teutoburg Forest and Eggegebirge have their heights covered in snow.
History
The town of Marienmünster was formed on 1 January 1970 by merging the until then independent municipalities of Bredenborn, Vörden (both towns), Altenbergen, Born, Bremerberg, Eilversen, Großenbreden, Hohehaus, Kleinenbreden, Kollerbeck mit Langenkamp, Löwendorf mit Saumer, Münsterbrock mit Abtei, Oldenburg and Papenhöfen mit Bönekenberg. The town's administrative centre is in Vörden.
Großenbreden
Between the Oldenburg and Vörden, the Münsterholze, the Hungerberg and Löwendorf lay until the first half of the 16th century a town named Wendedhen (1188), Winethe (1203), Winethen (1240), Wenethen (1241), Wenden (1430). The monks from Marienmünster earned their tithes from this town.
According to the registers of the Corvey Monastery, the town was mentioned as early as 980 under the name "Wynithun". In the 16th century, the three villages of Großenbreden (Wendenbreden 1541, Wendelbreden 1650, Großenwendelbreden 1793), Kleinenbreden (Lütkenbreden 1650, Lükewendelbreden 1793) and Papenhöfen (earlier die Höfe zu Wenden 1545) developed. The farming community of Bönekenberg, belonging to Papenhöfen, was described as a settlement beginning in 1430. Settlement was established in the 16th century on the site of the failed village of Mechtestorpe (1138) or Mestorp (1339), where in the 9th and 10th centuries, the Corvey Monastery already had holdings.
Hohehaus
Hohehaus's history can be traced back to the earlier village of Dungen, which was named as early as 825 or thereabouts in the Corvey Traditions, the monastery's donation registers. The Corvey Monastery received at that time several donations and owned a main farm of 22 Hufen here. Besides Corvey, the Marienmünster Abbey must have been working holdings here quite early on, too, since in 1339, Abbot Hermann von Mengersen surrendered half his earnings from the place to the Counts, the Lord of Everstein and his son Otto, to protect and defend the Abbey's holdings for six years. In 1360, evidence shows that the Corvey estates along with the ecclesiastical fief, passed into Count Hermann von Pyrmont's hands. He in turn passed them as a direct fief to the von Kanne family.
There arose in the 16th century between the Count of Pyrmont and the Corvey Monastery a boundary dispute that on 15 June 1535 was arbitrated to the effect that Dungen passed to the von Kanne family. In 1595, Dungen was still called a village. In a document from 1602, a new placename crops up, rendered "Dungen, itzo dat Hagehauß", archaic German for "Dungen, the house in the forest". Later, this was shortened to "Hagehaus", and by 1660, the current form "Hohehaus" had arisen.
Politics
Town council
Town council's 22 seats are apportioned as follows, in accordance with municipal elections held on 26 September 2004:
CDU 12 seats
SPD 3 seats
UWG 4 seats
Wähler Gemeinschaft Bürgernähe: 3 seats
Coat of arms
Marienmünster's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: In argent an abbey gules with two side towers gules with pointed roofs sable and between these and behind the abbey a tower gules with cupola sable, on the abbey wall between the side towers an eight-pointed star Or.
The abbey in the arms is a stylized representation of the west façade of the Marienmünster abbey church established by Count Widukind III of Schwalenberg in 1128. Its meaning in relation to the town is therefore quite visible even today as a unifying symbol of town, people and church. The star is from the Schwalenberg family's arms.
This coat of arms was conferred on 25 July 1973.
Flag
The town's flag is striped red and white lengthwise with the coat of arms in the middle.
Culture and sightseeing
Museums
Aussichts- und Museumsturm (look-out and museum-tower). It is located next to the Hungerbergkapelle (see below) and recalls station no. 30 of the optical telegraph-line from Berlin to Koblenz.
Buildings
Marienmünster is well known for the Abteikirche Marienmünster, the former Marienmünster Abbey, with its organ, which is well worth seeing and hearing.
Schloss Vörden is a Baroque stately home with a lovely park.
The Hungerbergkapelle (chapel) is part of a complete Way of the Cross with 14 stations.
Mühlengrund in Hohehaus.
Economy and infrastructure
Tourism
The town of Marienmünster has a well-developed tourism industry. The community of Vörden was dubbed "State-recognized climatic spa" in 1999.
Education
In Marienmünster are three primary schools and a Hauptschule. Students who go to Realschulen and Gymnasien are driven by bus to nearby towns such as Bad Driburg, Höxter, Steinheim and Brakel.
The schools in Marienmünster are:
Katholische Grundschule Bredenborn
Grundschule Kollerbeck
Grundschule Vörden
Hauptschule der Stadt Marienmünster (Vörden)
Furthermore, the town of Marienmünster, together with the town of Höxter, runs the Höxter-Marienmünster Volkshochschule. Marienmünster also has two municipal kindergartens, and in Bredenborn a church kindergarten.
Sport and leisure
1 indoor swimming pool in Vörden
3 tennis grounds (in Bredenborn, Kollerbeck and Vörden)
7 sports grounds
3 Kneipp wading pools
29 children's playgrounds
1 adventure playground in Vörden
1 miniature golf course in Vörden
3 gymnasia in Bredenborn (big triple hall), Kollerbeck and Vörden
References
External links
Marienmünster
Höxter (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marienm%C3%BCnster |
Neill Ford Armstrong (March 9, 1926 – August 10, 2016) was an American football player and coach whose career spanned more than four decades at both the college and professional levels. Notably, Armstrong served as the head coach of the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League (CFL) and the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL). Member of the 1945 National Championship Oklahoma A&M Team.
Playing career
Armstrong played college football at Oklahoma A & M from 1943 to 1946, and was chosen in the first round (eighth overall) of the 1947 NFL Draft by the Philadelphia Eagles. Playing both at end and defensive back, he helped the team capture the NFL championship in both 1948 and 1949. Armstrong concluded his playing career in the early 1950s playing for the CFL's Winnipeg Blue Bombers.
Coaching career
In 1962, Armstrong's professional coaching career began when he was hired as an assistant coach with the Houston Oilers of the start-up American Football League (AFL). After serving two years in that capacity, he shifted back to Canada as head coach of the Edmonton Eskimos. In his six years, the team reached the postseason three times.
Armstrong was hired as an assistant with the Minnesota Vikings in 1970, and became an integral part of developing the team's dominating defense. After helping the team reach the postseason in all but one of the next eight years, he was hired as head coach of the Chicago Bears on February 16, 1978. In four years at the helm of the Bears, he was only able to compile a record of 30–35, with one playoff appearance in 1979. He was fired on January 3, 1982, but hired less than two months later as an assistant with the Dallas Cowboys. He spent the next eight seasons with the team before announcing his retirement on February 22, 1990. He and Bud Grant hold the distinction of being the only two people to have both played and been a head coach in both the NFL and CFL. He died in Trophy Club, Texas in 2016.
Head coaching record
NFL
See also
List of NCAA major college football yearly receiving leaders
References
External links
1926 births
2016 deaths
American football defensive backs
American football ends
American men's basketball players
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football wide receivers
Chicago Bears head coaches
Dallas Cowboys coaches
Edmonton Elks coaches
Houston Oilers coaches
Minnesota Vikings coaches
Oklahoma State Cowboys basketball players
Oklahoma State Cowboys football coaches
Oklahoma State Cowboys football players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
People from Tishomingo, Oklahoma
Coaches of American football from Oklahoma
Players of American football from Oklahoma
Basketball players from Oklahoma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neill%20Armstrong |
Rip Van Dam ( – 10 June 1749) was the acting governor of the Province of New York from 1731 to 1732. As one of the leaders of the republican liberal (or "country") party, Van Dam confronted the subsequent royal governor William Cosby.
Early life
Rip Van Dam was born, about 1660, at Beverwyck, Albany, New York, where he was raised. He was the son of Maria Bords and Claes Ripse Van Dam, a middle class local socialite who traded through his carpentry business and operated as a contractor. By him, Van Dam was related to the Dutch Church of Albany.
Career
In Albany, Van Dam was employed since his adolescence by Robert Story, a businessman of Manhattan, New York City, who was trading around. Subsequently, Van Dam was sent to New York, to study business management earnestly, and he became a prominent merchant, running his own business.
During the royal governance of Lord Bellomont, Van Dam resisted his enforcement of the Navigation Acts and Bellomont reacted by confiscating some of Van Dam's vessels, alleging violations of those acts. By such struggle, Van Dam became engaged into politics. In 1699, Van Dam was elected to represent New York City in the Province of New York Assembly in Albany, and he became the opposition leader. In 1715, he and three others hired Thomas Jacobs to take the Anne and Mary to the Gold Coast where Jacobs returned with 38 slaves. That same year, Van Dam, and three other merchants, invested in a second trip under Captain John Browne, which resulted in a return to New York with 43 slaves. In 1723, Van Dam, his son-in-law Walter Thong, and two others sent Alan Jarrett, captaining the Burnet to Africa to obtain slaves and sell them in Jamaica.
Councilman of the Royal Governor
Van Dam rallied those merchants who had been affected by Bellomont's restrictions and together they issued a complaint to King William III. Effectively, in response, the new royal governor Lord Cornbury removed some councilmen, in 1701, accusing them with promotion of political disorder. Into one of the vacancies of councilman, Van Dam was appointed instead, in 1702. It was uncommon that a native of Albany became a member of the governor's council as it was an office which was usually reserved for prominent noble figures and wealthy New Yorkers. It functioned in New York City.
Van Dam served as a councilman for 30 years. As a councilman's rank was determined by the length of his tenure, eventually Van Dam reached the presidency of the council as the oldest member and, often, he represented the royal governor. For instance, Van Dam travelled annually to Albany, to renew the English-Iroquoian alliance on the governor's behalf.
Acting Governor
After the royal governor John Montgomerie's death in 1731, Van Dam, who was the council president, was appointed acting governor of New York Province.
Against the new Royal Governor
By opposing the Molasses act, Van Dam was rewarded, receiving 1,000 pounds by the assembly. Besides, the assembly had disposed a bill through which the liberal institutions of New York got much money. In April 1732, the designated royal governor William Cosby arrived. Disliking such liberal manoeuvres, Cosby decided that Van Dam should restore half of his salary of interim governor. Van Dam durst replying that, before he might comply for such demands, Cosby should return the privilege fortunes, which were being defalcated out of the English treasury for fake provincial expenditures, by Cosby since his appointment. Cosby assumed in August 1732 but Van Dam refused to take his corresponding oath of councilman.
Cosby was enraged by Van Dam's stubbornness so he filed a lawsuit against him to despoil the half of his acting governor salary. Van Dam was processed through a chancery court (with neither a jury nor a faithful following of the law texts) whereas his defence was taken by William Smith and James Alexander. The court of chancery was quite unpopular amongst the New Yorkers. Nonetheless, it was upheld although one of the three Supreme Court judges, the Chief Justice Lewis Morris, voted against it, in 1733, arguing the illegality of such type of chambers of justice. Despite his judicial victory, Cosby reacted so Van Dam was dismissed off the governor council and Morris was ousted. Nonetheless, Morris' liberal party won the elections in that same year, against the royal party.
In 1734, Van Dam's Heads of Articles of Complaint Against governor Cosby was published, at Boston, Massachusetts. Under the appellative of The Morrisites, the liberal party of New York aligned for Van Dam's claims, with his active participation. Oppositely, the royal loyalists, The Court Party, stood with Cosby.
John Peter Zenger's aggressively liberal New York Weekly Journal newspaper, of which Van Dam had been a founder (1733), used the Van Dam case much in its every day crusade of free government. Usually, like the other liberal figures of New York, Van Dam wrote unsigned articles which were published by Zenger. In 1734, Cosby burned piles of the publication, prosecuting Zenger in the historical Zenger's trial of 1735.
The Successor
Usually, Van Dam was absent, off the regular sessions of the governor's council. By this reason, Van Dam was suspended by Cosby, who issued this secret order during his deathbed. Therefore, Van Dam did not assume the New York governorship after Cosby's decease (1736). Instead, the corresponding councilman George Clarke, who was of the royal party actually, did. Van Dam demanded the office and, when Clarke refused, the two of them called for respective council sessions. Van Dam was supported by the Chief Justice James DeLancey and his adherents were ready to use the weapons to defend Van Dam's claim. Nonetheless, the conflict ended because, from London, several communiques endorsed Clarke's interim governorship.
Personal life
In 1684, Van Dam married Sarah Van Der Spiegle of New York. Together they had:
Maria Van Dam (b. 1685), who died young
Sara Van Dam (b. 1686), who married Walter Thong
Nicolaes Rips Van Dam (b. 1688)
Maria Rips Van Dam (b. 1690), who married Nicholas Parcell
Catharina Van Dam (b. 1692)
Rip Van Dam Jr. (b. 1694) who married Judith Bayard, the daughter of Samuel Bayard and Margaret Van Cortlandt, on September 18, 1719.
Margareta Van Dam (b. 1695)
Louwrens Van Dam, (b. 1697)
Debora Van Dam (b. 1699)
Richard Van Dam (b. 1700), who married Cornelia Beekman on March 1, 1724
Jacob Van Dam (b. 1702), a twin
Rachel Van Dam (b. 1702), a twin
Isaac Van Dam (b. 1703/4)
Elizabeth Van Dam (1706–1778), who married John Sybrandt (1701–1734)
Catharina Van Dam, (b. 1707)
Van Dam died in New York City on June 10, 1749. He had filed his will in 1746 which detailing his own estate extensively.
References
Notes
Sources
New York State Online history book, by Thomas E. Gray & Susan P. Owens. Glencoe, McGraw-Hill.
Van Dam's Profile. University of Missouri–Kansas City (UMKC)
Details of Zenger's Trial. University of Missouri–Kansas City (UMKC)
Biography, from The People of Colonial Albany site.
About Zengel's Trial. US Department of State.
Colonial New York. Online publication, by Sanderson Beck
External links
Rip Van Dam – New York State Museum
1660s births
1749 deaths
American people of Dutch descent
Governors of the Province of New York
American members of the Dutch Reformed Church
Politicians from Albany, New York
People of the Province of New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%20Van%20Dam |
Nieheim () is a town in Höxter district in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Historical names of Nieheim are: Nihem, Nyem, and Nym. The town covers an area of about 80 km2 and has about 6,250 inhabitants.
Geography
Nieheim lies roughly 10 km northeast of Brakel.
Constituent communities
Nieheim consists of the following 10 centres:
Entrup
Eversen
Erwitzen
Himmighausen
Holzhausen
Merlsheim
Nieheim
Oeynhausen
Schönenberg
Sommersell mit Kariensiek
History
Nieheim, with its more than 750-year-old history reaches well back into the Middle Ages. From its beginnings as a community, it grew after being granted municipal privileges (lower court rights, market rights and minting rights, among others) in Bishop Bernhard IV's time (1228–1247), into today's town of Nieheim. After quickly developing from a former farming town and Hanseatic member, Nieheim has risen today to be a climatic spa with a function as a minor centre, and a mediaeval town with flair.
Politics
Town council
Town council's 24 seats are apportioned as follows, in accordance with municipal elections held on 26 September 2004:
CDU 13 seats
SPD 7 seats
FDP 1 seat
UWG 3 seats
Note: UWG is a citizens' coalition.
Coat of arms
Nieheim's civic coat of arms might heraldically be described thus: In gules a cross Or, in each quarter an orb Or.
These arms date from 1591 at the latest, and the colours are those borne by the old Prince-Bishopric of Paderborn, among whose many holdings was Nieheim. The orbs stand for Saint Nicholas, the town's patron saint.
The coat of arms was granted on 18 July 1908.
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
Owing to Nieheim's advantageous location on the north–south-running East Westphalia Road (Ostwestfalenstraße), otherwise known as Federal Highway (Bundesstraße) B252, connections to Autobahnen A 2 (Hanover-Ruhr area) and A 44 (Dortmund-Kassel) are right at hand.
Nieheim is also easily reached by public transport. The nearest railway stations are Steinheim, Brakel and Altenbeken.
Education
Nieheim has 3 kindergartens, 3 primary schools, a Hauptschule and a Realschule (Peter-Hille-Realschule).
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings
Among the town's buildings that are worthiest of a look are the Town Hall, built in 1610 in the Weser Renaissance style, the Ratskrug from 1712, a stately half-timbered building, and the Richterhaus ("Judge House"), built in 1701.
The Catholic Parish Church of Saint Nicholas with its artistically relief-decorated baptismal font and late Gothic little sacramental house has parts that were built as early as the 13th century.
The Protestant Church of the Cross (Kreuzkirche) was built in a neo-Gothic style in 1868–1869.
The Gut Holzhausen estate is a biodynamic farm and the venue for a summer festival called Voices.
"Holsterturm" landmark
As Nieheim's landmark, the Holsterturm (tower) on a nearby bank south of the main town, can look back on a 700-year history.
Mediaeval vault system
Unique in Westphalia is the vault system through which runs the Nikolausbach (brook), which rises below the Holsterberg (mountain) and runs through the middle of town in this mediaeval vault system.
Weberhaus Nieheim
The Weberhaus Nieheim, the doctor, poet and politician Friedrich Wilhelm Weber's former abode, today houses a widely known Kolping diocesan training centre and a Heimvolkshochschule, which lends itself well to any form of training work and has at its disposal the best technical equipment.
Also, the Pan-German Education Centre of Youth in Europe (Gesamtdeutsche Bildungsstätte der Deutschen Jugend in Europa) in Nieheim-Himmighausen offers extensive seminars for groups geared towards various ends.
Nieheimer Flechthecke
Typical of countryside scenery around Nieheim is what is called Flechthecke, meaning, roughly, "braided hedge". The hedges themselves are mostly – about 80% – hazelnut growth, all planted in a row. Here and there are found the odd hawthorn and single wild roses. Trimmed willow trees, about 2 m high, serve as living fenceposts to keep the hedges steady. Young withes are taken from these willows to do the braiding. If dairy cows or horses are to be kept in the paddock ringed by one of these braided hedges, blackthorn twigs are also tied onto the inside to thwart any nibbling. A finished hedge has a height of roughly 1.5 m and is braided in three layers.
Telegraph station no. 32
As a relic of an almost forgotten communication technology, a reconstructed optical telegraph station still stands high over the countryside near Oeynhausen. This is run by the Oeynhausen history club (Heimatverein), and guided tours are available to those who wish them.
Culinary specialities
In Nieheim, a kind of cheese is made, Nieheimer Käse (Nieheim cheese), a sour milk cheese nowadays made by only one cheesemaker. It had almost been forgotten, but is now becoming better known thanks to tourism. It is ripened in wooden moulds in a warm place and then seasoned with salt and caraway. Depending on the ripening time, it can be a Handkäse, a cooking cheese or a hard grating cheese.
Regular events
Deutscher Käsemarkt
The "German Cheese Market" is held every other year – in even-numbered years – and draws cheesemakers from all over the world who make their cheeses the old way, by hand, presenting their finished products.
In 2004, the Fourth German Cheese Market drew more than 70,000 visitors to Nieheim. In 2006, the German Cheese Market is to be held on 1–3 September.
Nieheimer Holztage
The "Nieheim Wood Days" are held every other year – in odd-numbered years – and everything at this event revolves around the themes "wood, forest and nature".
Nieheimer Kulturnacht
The "Nieheim Culture Night" is held on the day when the clocks are advanced from standard time to summer time.
Nieheimer Chorfestival
Choirs from all over Germany come to Nieheim for the Choir Festival to train their voices.
Nieheimer Rosenmontagsumzug
Nieheim considers itself a stronghold of East Westphalian carnival custom, and the Rosenmontagsumzug – a colourful parade – is the high point of the season.
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the town
In the ecclesiastical field, Dietrich von Nieheim (1338/48 - 1418), who served three popes and was held in high regard in the Roman Curia, achieved international recognition, if not outright fame. This is also said of Hugo Makibi Enomiya-Lassalle (1898–1990), a Jesuit priest, a religious philosopher, a meditation teacher and the builder of the Peace Church in Hiroshima born on the Externbrock estate near Nieheim. His life's work is the development of the Japanese Zen practice as a way to a deep belief experience for Christians.
Wilhelm Hillebrand (1821–1886) was a botanist and a physician.
Jürgen Jasperneite (born 1964) is an electrical engineer and a professor.
References
External links
Nieheim
Eversen
Erwitzen
Catholic parish of St. Nikolaus, Nieheim
Nature holiday park at the Holsterturm
Westphalian Culinary Museum and Adventure Mile
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Höxter (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nieheim |
Prepared testimony is a form of testimony which is prepared ahead of time, and is then presented verbally or in writing. It is attested as true by the author(s), or given under oath. Typically it is given to a large body or organization. Questions may be posed to the attestor or witness, but the forum where the testimony is given may not permit this, or it may be impractical, or questioning may be cast implicitly in the form of further testimony by others.
Evidence law | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prepared%20testimony |
The Red Green Show is a Canadian sitcom. It premiered January 4, 1991 and ended April 7, 2006. It aired 300 episodes, 11 specials, and 1 film.
Season 1 (1991–92)
Season one and two aired on CHCH-TV in Hamilton, Ontario, which aired Steve Smith's previous variety shows: Smith & Smith, Me & Max and The Comedy Mill (which aired in that order). Red Green was a recurring character on all three aforementioned shows.
Season 2 (1992–93)
The only season Bill Smith (Rick Green) was also prominently shown as a lodge member along with the already existing "Adventures with Bill" segments.
Season 3 (1993–94)
Season three aired on CFPL in London and YTV.
Season 4 (1994–95)
The show moved to the Global Television Network and was retitled "The New Red Green Show" starting with episode 73.
Season 5 (1995–96)
Season 6 (1996–97)
Episode 144 was the last first-run episode to air on Global
Season 7 (1997)
The show moved to the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation starting with episode 145.
Season 8 (1998)
Retitled "The Red Green Show" starting with episode 162.
Season 9 (1999)
Primary star Harold Green (Patrick McKenna) saw reduced screen time this season. In the story he got a job in the city. Red would briefly visit him in his office from time to time.
Segments that Harold hosted prior, like the "Possum Lodge Word Game" and "The Experts" would now be hosted by either Mike Hamar, Dalton Humphrey or Winston Rothschild III. The show open, also emceed by Harold, would feature Red walking into the lodge with no announced intro for the rest of the series.
Bill Smith (Rick Green) would also leave the series for four years; the "Adventures with Bill" segment would ultimately continue with Walter (Joel Harris) and/or with Mike, Dalton or Winston and was simply called "Adventures."
A new segment featuring biographies of past residents of Possum Lake called "Life an Times" narrated by Red debuted that season and ran until season 10.
Season 10 (2000)
Harold makes no onscreen appearances in this season.
Season 11 (2001)
Harold Green returns to the series with episode 211, initially in a sporadic form.
Season 12 (2002)
Season 13 (2003)
Bill Smith (Rick Green) returns to the show after four years, starting with episode 246.
Season 14 (2004)
Season 15 (2005–06)
References
Lists of sitcom episodes
Lists of Canadian television series episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20The%20Red%20Green%20Show%20episodes |
Larry Eugene Andersen (born May 6, 1953) is an American former relief pitcher in Major League Baseball and current radio color commentator for the Philadelphia Phillies. From through , Andersen played for the Cleveland Indians (1975, , ), Seattle Mariners (–), Philadelphia Phillies (–, –1994), Houston Astros (–), Boston Red Sox (1990), and San Diego Padres (–).
Playing and coaching career
Andersen possessed an average fastball and outstanding slider. He was drafted out of high school in the seventh round (157th overall) of the 1971 Major League Baseball draft by the Cleveland Indians. Andersen made his professional debut that year, posting a record of 1–3 with a 5.31 ERA in 11 games (five starts) with the Gulf Coast League Indians and the Single-A Reno Silver Sox of the California League. He pitched in his first full season for Single-A Reno in 1972, going 4–14 with a 6.53 ERA in 124 innings, with a 1.80 WHIP in 27 games (19 starts).
On September 5, 1975, Andersen made his major league debut for Cleveland, tossing a perfect seventh inning in an 11–2 loss to the Detroit Tigers. In parts of three seasons with Cleveland, he appeared in a combined 22 games, and was 0–1 with a 5.40 ERA.
On December 21, 1979, Andersen was traded to the Pittsburgh Pirates in exchange for John Burden and Larry Littleton. He spent the entire 1980 season with the Triple-A Portland Beavers, going 5–7 with 15 saves and a 1.74 ERA in 52 relief appearances.
After the 1980 season, Andersen was sent to the Seattle Mariners on October 29 as the player to be named later to complete an earlier trade for pitcher Odell Jones. In his first full major league season, Andersen went 3–3 with five saves and a 2.66 ERA in 41 games with the Mariners. However, his numbers took a turn in 1982, as he finished with one save and a 5.99 ERA in 40 relief appearances.
During the 1982 season, Andersen pulled a prank on Mariners manager Rene Lachemann during a series in Chicago. Referred to as the ‘Mr. Jello’ caper, Andersen, along with teammates Richie Zisk and Joe Simpson moved all the furniture in the hotel suite into a bathroom, filled both toilets with jello and removed the mouthpiece from the phone. The trio were not revealed as the culprits until after the season ended.
Andersen spent most of the 1983 season with Triple-A Portland, going 7–8 with 22 saves and a 2.05 ERA in 52 appearances. On July 29, Andersen's contract was sold to the Philadelphia Phillies for future considerations. He was immediately added to the Phillies' roster, and remained with the team for the rest of the season. In 17 games, Andersen was 1–0 with a 2.39 ERA. In 1984, Andersen became a mainstay in the Phillies' bullpen, and finished with a 3–7 record, four saves and a 2.38 ERA in 64 relief appearances. Andersen began the 1986 season with a 4.26 ERA in 10 games. On May 13, 1986, he was released by the Phillies.
Three days after he was released by the Phillies, Andersen was signed as a free agent by the Houston Astros. On June 23, Andersen was the winning pitcher in a game in which he did not face a single batter. While pitching to Cincinnati Reds catcher Bo Díaz in the top of the ninth inning, Andersen threw a wild pitch, and then tagged out Buddy Bell at home plate to end the inning. The Astros went on to win in the bottom of the ninth inning on a two-run home run by Glenn Davis. Andersen appeared in 38 games to end the season, finishing 2–1 with one save and a 2.78 ERA. Andersen also made two appearances during the 1986 NLCS, tossing five scoreless innings.
On December 19, 1986, Andersen re-signed with the Astros as a free agent. In , Andersen arguably had his best season in the majors up to that point. He finished with a record of 9–5, a 3.45 ERA, 94 strikeouts, and 101 innings pitched in 67 games. He set career highs in wins, innings pitched and strikeouts. In 1989, Andersen recorded a career-low 1.54 ERA in 60 relief appearances.
On August 30, 1990, Andersen was traded to the Boston Red Sox for minor league prospect Jeff Bagwell. He made 15 relief appearances for the Red Sox in September, recording one save and a 1.23 ERA. The trade is often regarded as one of the most lopsided trades in baseball history; Andersen spent one month with the Red Sox before becoming a free agent, while Bagwell went on to spend 15 seasons with the Astros and was later inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in 2017.
On December 21, 1990, Andersen signed a two-year, $4.35 million contract with the San Diego Padres. In 1991, he was 3–4 with a career-high 13 saves and a 2.30 ERA in 38 relief appearances. In 1992, Andersen was 1–1 with two saves and a 3.34 ERA in 34 relief appearances.
On December 18, 1992, Andersen returned to the Phillies as a free agent, signing a one-year, $700,000 contract. He enjoyed a productive season out of the Phillies bullpen, going 3–2 with a 2.92 ERA in 64 relief appearances. However, Andersen struggled in the postseason, recording a 15.43 ERA in the 1993 NLCS and a 9.82 ERA in the 1993 World Series. On January 18, 1994, he returned to the Phillies on a minor league contract. In his final major league season, Andersen went 1–2 with a 4.41 ERA in 29 relief appearances.
In a 17-season career, Andersen posted a 40–39 record with 49 saves and a 3.15 ERA in 699 games pitched. He is the only member of the Phillies to play in both the 1983 World Series and the 1993 World Series (Darren Daulton had been called up in September 1983, but did not make the post-season roster that year).
In , Andersen was a player/coach for the Reading Phillies after he failed to make the Major League club out of Spring Training. He spent the following two seasons as the pitching coach for the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons.
Broadcasting career
Andersen joined Philadelphia's broadcast team as a color commentator prior to the season, filling the position left vacant by the death of Richie Ashburn late in the 1997 campaign. Andersen worked on both television and radio from 1998 to 2006 before moving exclusively to radio in 2007. Early in his broadcasting tenure, Andersen occasionally provided television color commentary when the Phillies were featured regionally on Fox Saturday afternoon telecasts. During the 2007 season, he began doing play-by-play work on Phillies radio broadcasts during the fifth and sixth innings, but returned to full-time color commentary in 2008.
During his broadcasting career, Andersen said, "In the seventh inning fans all get up and sing 'Take Me Out to the Ball Game,' and they're already there. It's really a stupid thing to say and I don't know who made 'em sing it. Why would somebody that's there get up and sing take me out to the ball game? The first person to do it must have been a moron." The moron in question was fellow broadcaster Harry Caray.
In 2012, Andersen was ranked #12 on the MLB Network Countdown of the Top 25 personalities in Major League Baseball history.
References
Further reading
The ESPN Baseball Encyclopedia – Gary Gillette, Peter Gammons, Pete Palmer. Publisher: Sterling Publishing, 2005. Format: Paperback, 1824pp. Language: English.
External links
Larry Andersen at Baseball Almanac
Larry Andersen at Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Professional Baseball League)
1953 births
Living people
Bellevue Bulldogs baseball players
Bellevue College alumni
Boston Red Sox players
Cleveland Indians players
Gulf Coast Indians players
High Desert Mavericks players
Houston Astros players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Major League Baseball pitchers
Minor league baseball coaches
Oklahoma City 89ers players
Baseball players from Portland, Oregon
Navegantes del Magallanes players
Philadelphia Phillies announcers
Philadelphia Phillies players
Portland Beavers players
Reading Phillies players
Reno Silver Sox players
Salt Lake City Gulls players
San Antonio Brewers players
San Diego Padres players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Red Barons players
Seattle Mariners players
Tacoma Tugs players
Tiburones de La Guaira players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Williamsport Tomahawks players
Baseball coaches from Oregon
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry%20Andersen |
Nanjing Tech University (NJTech; ), colloquially known as Nan Gong (or Nangong, 南工), is a public technological university located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. It is located 300 km from Shanghai. NJTech was part of the first group of universities approved by the Chinese Ministry of Education for the training of “Excellent Engineers.” The university specializes in engineering.
History
Nanjing Tech University has a history of more than one hundred years as a cradle of education. It is a key institution of higher learning to be constructed in Jiangsu Province and one of the first group of institutions of higher learning approved by the Chinese Ministry of Education for the training of "Excellent Engineers". Nanjing University of Technology was established by merging the former Nanjing University of Chemical Technology and the former Nanjing Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering in May 2001. The origin of Nanjing University of Chemical Technology can be traced back to Sanjiang Normal School, established in 1902, which later changed to be National Central University in 1928 and Nanjing University in 1949, whose engineering departments formed Nanjing Institute of Technology by merging related engineering departments of several other universities in 1952 and then the chemical engineering department became Nanjing College of Chemical Technology in 1958 and renamed Nanjing University of Chemical Technology in 1995, and the origin of Nanjing Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering was formerly the Department of Mechanics of Tongji Medical and Engineering School established in 1915. Nanjing University of Technology became a comprehensive university with engineering as its focus.
At the beginning of 2014, Nanjing University of Technology was renamed Nanjing Tech University.
Programs and facts
Today, Nanjing University of Technology consists of two campuses, one on Mofan Road and the other one in Jiangpu, covering a total area of 4000 mu (or ). The university has 26 colleges and close to 30,000 students, including overseas students, undergraduates, and master's degree and PhD candidates. It has 5 post-PhD stations, 35 PhD programs, 107 master's degree programs, 19 programs for Master of Engineering, and 80 undergraduate programs. And it has also become a university comprising eight branches of learning, namely, engineering, science, management, economics, liberal arts, law, philosophy, and medicine.
Staff and research
With a long history and a good tradition in education, Nanjing University of Technology boasts a good number of prominent and learned scholars. Of the 2,800 employees with the university's faculty and staff, there are more than 900 full professors and associate professors, including 1 academician of the Chinese Academy of Science, three academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, two outstanding professional technical talents, two chair professors of Chang Jiang Scholars Program of the Ministry of Education, seven scientists-in-chief for the "National Key Development Program in Fundamental Research" (973 Program), seven chair professors of the “Thousand Talents Plan”, one member of the expert committee for 863 Program, seven winners of National Outstanding Youth Fund and 4 national distinguished teachers.
Nanjing Tech University has a strong contingent engaging in scientific research. In recent years, the university has undertaken 5,000 scientific research projects, including those of the 973 Program, the 863 Program, and the State Natural Science Foundation. A great number of its scientific achievements have won more than 100 awards at national, ministerial and provincial levels since the '11th Five-Year-Plan', including three Second National Awards for Scientific Progress and Technological Innovation, and 3 Second National Awards for Technical Innovation.
Schools and Colleges
College of Safety Science and Engineering
School of Environmental Science and Engineering
College of Materials Science and Engineering
College of Chemical Engineering
School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
College of Electrical Engineering and Control Science
School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
School of Energy Science and Engineering
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
College of Architecture
College of Art and Design
School of Economics and Management
School of Law
School of Marxism
School of Foreign Languages and Literature
School of Physical Education
College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering
College of Food Science and Light Industry
School of Computer Science and Technology
School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
School of Geometrics Science and Technology
College of Urban Construction
College of Transportation Engineering
College of Civil Engineering
School of 2011
College of Overseas Education
Institute of Advanced Materials
Campus
Today, Nanjing Tech University consists of two campuses, one in Mofan Road, and the other one in Jiangpu, covering a total area of 4000 mu (or 267 hectares). The main campus, Jiangpu, is located in Jiangpu District, north of Nanjing City and east of Zhujiang Town.
The university has 26 colleges, 70 disciplines and close to 30,000 students including overseas students, undergraduates, and master's degree and PhD candidates. The university offers undergraduate, Master's, and Doctoral degrees. It has 5 post-PhD stations, 35 disciplines for PhD programs, 107 master's degree programs, 19 programs for Master of Engineering, and 80 undergraduate programs. And it has also become a university comprising eight branches of learning, namely, engineering, science, management, economics, liberal arts, law, philosophy, and medicine. The university employs 2,800 teachers and staff. The university employs foreign teachers for language instruction.
Notable alumni
Zheng Shanjie, Chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission
Min Enze (born February 1924), expert in petrochemical catalysis, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Hu Hongwen (born March 1925), expert in organic chemistry, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chen Jiayong, expert in separation engineering, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhang Cunhao (born 1928), chemist, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and The World Academy of Sciences
Xu Delong (born August 1952), president of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering
Lu Wenyu, (born 1966), Architect and founder of Amateur Studio
References
External links
Nanjing Tech University homepage
Universities and colleges in Nanjing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing%20Tech%20University |
The logic of information, or the logical theory of information, considers the information content of logical signs and expressions along the lines initially developed by Charles Sanders Peirce. In this line of work, the concept of information serves to integrate the aspects of signs and expressions that are separately covered, on the one hand, by the concepts of denotation and extension, and on the other hand, by the concepts of connotation and comprehension.
Peirce began to develop these ideas in his lectures "On the Logic of Science" at Harvard University (1865) and the Lowell Institute (1866).
See also
Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography
Information theory
Inquiry
Philosophy of information
Pragmatic maxim
Pragmatic theory of information
Pragmatic theory of truth
Pragmaticism
Pragmatism
Scientific method
Semeiotic
Semiosis
Semiotics
Semiotic information theory
Sign relation
Sign relational complex
Triadic relation
References
Luciano Floridi, The Logic of Information, presentation, discussion, Télé-université (Université du Québec), 11 May 2005, Montréal, Canada.
Luciano Floridi, The logic of being informed, Logique et Analyse. 2006, 49.196, 433–460.
External links
Peirce, C.S. (1867), "Upon Logical Comprehension and Extension", Eprint
Information theory
Semiotics
Logic
Charles Sanders Peirce | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic%20of%20information |
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