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The V. P. Engel'gardt Astronomical Observatory (), also known simply as the Engelhardt Observatory, is located 20 kilometers west of Kazan, Russia. Its observatory code is 136. The co-ordinates are about .
Zelenchukskaya Station
The observatory's Zelenchukskaya Station, observatory code 114, abbreviated as "Zelenchukskaya Stn" by the IAU/MPC, is located at altitude near Zelenchukskaya in the North Caucasus region of the Caucasus Mountains, using a 0.3-meter f/7.7 reflector.
The Station is known for it numerous cometary observations (see external links) and discoveries of minor planets by Russian amateur astronomer Timur Valer'evič Krjačko. In addition, the MPC directly credits the Zelenchukskaya Station for the discovery of 6 minor planets in 2008 (see list), which includes 212929 Satovski, a main-belt asteroid named after Boris Ivanovich Satovski (1908–1982), a laureate of the USSR State Prize.
Note, the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Science () with its Large Altazimuth Telescope is also located near Zelenchukskaya.
List of discovered minor planets
See also
List of asteroid-discovering observatories
List of observatory codes
References
External links
Comet Observations (114 Engelhardt Observatory, Zelenchukskaya Station), database search at SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Astronomical observatories in Russia
Minor-planet discovering observatories
Cultural heritage monuments of regional significance in Tatarstan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V.%20P.%20Engel%27gardt%20Astronomical%20Observatory |
A transgene is a gene that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques, from one organism to another. The introduction of a transgene, in a process known as transgenesis, has the potential to change the phenotype of an organism. Transgene describes a segment of DNA containing a gene sequence that has been isolated from one organism and is introduced into a different organism. This non-native segment of DNA may either retain the ability to produce RNA or protein in the transgenic organism or alter the normal function of the transgenic organism's genetic code. In general, the DNA is incorporated into the organism's germ line. For example, in higher vertebrates this can be accomplished by injecting the foreign DNA into the nucleus of a fertilized ovum. This technique is routinely used to introduce human disease genes or other genes of interest into strains of laboratory mice to study the function or pathology involved with that particular gene.
The construction of a transgene requires the assembly of a few main parts. The transgene must contain a promoter, which is a regulatory sequence that will determine where and when the transgene is active, an exon, a protein coding sequence (usually derived from the cDNA for the protein of interest), and a stop sequence. These are typically combined in a bacterial plasmid and the coding sequences are typically chosen from transgenes with previously known functions.
Transgenic or genetically modified organisms, be they bacteria, viruses or fungi, serve many research purposes. Transgenic plants, insects, fish and mammals (including humans) have been bred. Transgenic plants such as corn and soybean have replaced wild strains in agriculture in some countries (e.g. the United States). Transgene escape has been documented for GMO crops since 2001 with persistence and invasiveness. Transgenetic organisms pose ethical questions and may cause biosafety problems.
History
The idea of shaping an organism to fit a specific need is not a new science. However, until the late 1900s farmers and scientists could breed new strains of a plant or organism only from closely related species because the DNA had to be compatible for offspring to be able to reproduce.
In the 1970 and 1980s, scientists passed this hurdle by inventing procedures for combining the DNA of two vastly different species with genetic engineering. The organisms produced by these procedures were termed transgenic. Transgenesis is the same as gene therapy in the sense that they both transform cells for a specific purpose. However, they are completely different in their purposes, as gene therapy aims to cure a defect in cells, and transgenesis seeks to produce a genetically modified organism by incorporating the specific transgene into every cell and changing the genome. Transgenesis will therefore change the germ cells, not only the somatic cells, in order to ensure that the transgenes are passed down to the offspring when the organisms reproduce. Transgenes alter the genome by blocking the function of a host gene; they can either replace the host gene with one that codes for a different protein, or introduce an additional gene.
The first transgenic organism was created in 1974 when Annie Chang and Stanley Cohen expressed Staphylococcus aureus genes in Escherichia coli. In 1978, yeast cells were the first eukaryotic organisms to undergo gene transfer. Mouse cells were first transformed in 1979, followed by mouse embryos in 1980. Most of the very first transmutations were performed by microinjection of DNA directly into cells. Scientists were able to develop other methods to perform the transformations, such as incorporating transgenes into retroviruses and then infecting cells; using electroinfusion, which takes advantage of an electric current to pass foreign DNA through the cell wall; biolistics, which is the procedure of shooting DNA bullets into cells; and also delivering DNA into the newly fertilized egg.
The first transgenic animals were only intended for genetic research to study the specific function of a gene, and by 2003, thousands of genes had been studied.
Use in plants
A variety of transgenic plants have been designed for agriculture to produce genetically modified crops, such as corn, soybean, rapeseed oil, cotton, rice and more. , these GMO crops were planted on 170 million hectares globally.
Golden rice
One example of a transgenic plant species is golden rice. In 1997, five million children developed xerophthalmia, a medical condition caused by vitamin A deficiency, in Southeast Asia alone. Of those children, a quarter million went blind. To combat this, scientists used biolistics to insert the daffodil phytoene synthase gene into Asia indigenous rice cultivars. The daffodil insertion increased the production of β-carotene. The product was a transgenic rice species rich in vitamin A, called golden rice. Little is known about the impact of golden rice on xerophthalmia because anti-GMO campaigns have prevented the full commercial release of golden rice into agricultural systems in need.
Transgene escape
The escape of genetically-engineered plant genes via hybridization with wild relatives was first discussed and examined in Mexico and Europe in the mid-1990s. There is agreement that escape of transgenes is inevitable, even "some proof that it is happening". Up until 2008 there were few documented cases.
Corn
Corn sampled in 2000 from the Sierra Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico contained a transgenic 35S promoter, while a large sample taken by a different method from the same region in 2003 and 2004 did not. A sample from another region from 2002 also did not, but directed samples taken in 2004 did, suggesting transgene persistence or re-introduction. A 2009 study found recombinant proteins in 3.1% and 1.8% of samples, most commonly in southeast Mexico. Seed and grain import from the United States could explain the frequency and distribution of transgenes in west-central Mexico, but not in the southeast. Also, 5.0% of corn seed lots in Mexican corn stocks expressed recombinant proteins despite the moratorium on GM crops.
Cotton
In 2011, transgenic cotton was found in Mexico among wild cotton, after 15 years of GMO cotton cultivation.
Rapeseed (canola)
Transgenic rapeseed Brassicus napus – hybridized with a native Japanese species, Brassica rapa – was found in Japan in 2011 after having been identified in 2006 in Québec, Canada. They were persistent over a six-year study period, without herbicide selection pressure and despite hybridization with the wild form. This was the first report of the introgression—the stable incorporation of genes from one gene pool into another—of an herbicide-resistance transgene from Brassica napus into the wild form gene pool.
Creeping bentgrass
Transgenic creeping bentgrass, engineered to be glyphosate-tolerant as "one of the first wind-pollinated, perennial, and highly outcrossing transgenic crops", was planted in 2003 as part of a large (about 160 ha) field trial in central Oregon near Madras, Oregon. In 2004, its pollen was found to have reached wild growing bentgrass populations up to 14 kilometres away. Cross-pollinating Agrostis gigantea was even found at a distance of 21 kilometres. The grower, Scotts Company could not remove all genetically engineered plants, and in 2007, the U.S. Department of Agriculture fined Scotts $500,000 for noncompliance with regulations.
Risk assessment
The long-term monitoring and controlling of a particular transgene has been shown not to be feasible. The European Food Safety Authority published a guidance for risk assessment in 2010.
Use in mice
Genetically modified mice are the most common animal model for transgenic research. Transgenic mice are currently being used to study a variety of diseases including cancer, obesity, heart disease, arthritis, anxiety, and Parkinson's disease. The two most common types of genetically modified mice are knockout mice and oncomice. Knockout mice are a type of mouse model that uses transgenic insertion to disrupt an existing gene's expression. In order to create knockout mice, a transgene with the desired sequence is inserted into an isolated mouse blastocyst using electroporation. Then, homologous recombination occurs naturally within some cells, replacing the gene of interest with the designed transgene. Through this process, researchers were able to demonstrate that a transgene can be integrated into the genome of an animal, serve a specific function within the cell, and be passed down to future generations.
Oncomice are another genetically modified mouse species created by inserting transgenes that increase the animal's vulnerability to cancer. Cancer researchers utilize oncomice to study the profiles of different cancers in order to apply this knowledge to human studies.
Use in Drosophila
Multiple studies have been conducted concerning transgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly. This organism has been a helpful genetic model for over 100 years, due to its well-understood developmental pattern. The transfer of transgenes into the Drosophila genome has been performed using various techniques, including P element, Cre-loxP, and ΦC31 insertion. The most practiced method used thus far to insert transgenes into the Drosophila genome utilizes P elements. The transposable P elements, also known as transposons, are segments of bacterial DNA that are translocated into the genome, without the presence of a complementary sequence in the host's genome. P elements are administered in pairs of two, which flank the DNA insertion region of interest. Additionally, P elements often consist of two plasmid components, one known as the P element transposase and the other, the P transposon backbone. The transposase plasmid portion drives the transposition of the P transposon backbone, containing the transgene of interest and often a marker, between the two terminal sites of the transposon. Success of this insertion results in the nonreversible addition of the transgene of interest into the genome. While this method has been proven effective, the insertion sites of the P elements are often uncontrollable, resulting in an unfavorable, random insertion of the transgene into the Drosophila genome.
To improve the location and precision of the transgenic process, an enzyme known as Cre has been introduced. Cre has proven to be a key element in a process known as recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). While it has shown to have a lower efficiency of transgenic transformation than the P element transposases, Cre greatly lessens the labor-intensive abundance of balancing random P insertions. Cre aids in the targeted transgenesis of the DNA gene segment of interest, as it supports the mapping of the transgene insertion sites, known as loxP sites. These sites, unlike P elements, can be specifically inserted to flank a chromosomal segment of interest, aiding in targeted transgenesis. The Cre transposase is important in the catalytic cleavage of the base pairs present at the carefully positioned loxP sites, permitting more specific insertions of the transgenic donor plasmid of interest.
To overcome the limitations and low yields that transposon-mediated and Cre-loxP transformation methods produce, the bacteriophage ΦC31 has recently been utilized. Recent breakthrough studies involve the microinjection of the bacteriophage ΦC31 integrase, which shows improved transgene insertion of large DNA fragments that are unable to be transposed by P elements alone. This method involves the recombination between an attachment (attP) site in the phage and an attachment site in the bacterial host genome (attB). Compared to usual P element transgene insertion methods, ΦC31 integrates the entire transgene vector, including bacterial sequences and antibiotic resistance genes. Unfortunately, the presence of these additional insertions has been found to affect the level and reproducibility of transgene expression.
Use in livestock and aquaculture
One agricultural application is to selectively breed animals for particular traits: Transgenic cattle with an increased muscle phenotype has been produced by overexpressing a short hairpin RNA with homology to the myostatin mRNA using RNA interference.
Transgenes are being used to produce milk with high levels of proteins or silk from the milk of goats. Another agricultural application is to selectively breed animals, which are resistant to diseases or animals for biopharmaceutical production.
Future potential
The application of transgenes is a rapidly growing area of molecular biology. As of 2005 it was predicted that in the next two decades, 300,000 lines of transgenic mice will be generated. Researchers have identified many applications for transgenes, particularly in the medical field. Scientists are focusing on the use of transgenes to study the function of the human genome in order to better understand disease, adapting animal organs for transplantation into humans, and the production of pharmaceutical products such as insulin, growth hormone, and blood anti-clotting factors from the milk of transgenic cows.
As of 2004 there were five thousand known genetic diseases, and the potential to treat these diseases using transgenic animals is, perhaps, one of the most promising applications of transgenes. There is a potential to use human gene therapy to replace a mutated gene with an unmutated copy of a transgene in order to treat the genetic disorder. This can be done through the use of Cre-Lox or knockout. Moreover, genetic disorders are being studied through the use of transgenic mice, pigs, rabbits, and rats. Transgenic rabbits have been created to study inherited cardiac arrhythmias, as the rabbit heart markedly better resembles the human heart as compared to the mouse. More recently, scientists have also begun using transgenic goats to study genetic disorders related to fertility.
Transgenes may be used for xenotransplantation from pig organs. Through the study of xeno-organ rejection, it was found that an acute rejection of the transplanted organ occurs upon the organ's contact with blood from the recipient due to the recognition of foreign antibodies on endothelial cells of the transplanted organ. Scientists have identified the antigen in pigs that causes this reaction, and therefore are able to transplant the organ without immediate rejection by removal of the antigen. However, the antigen begins to be expressed later on, and rejection occurs. Therefore, further research is being conducted.
Transgenic microorganisms capable of producing catalytic proteins or enzymes which increase the rate of industrial reactions.
Ethical controversy
Transgene use in humans is currently fraught with issues. Transformation of genes into human cells has not been perfected yet. The most famous example of this involved certain patients developing T-cell leukemia after being treated for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID). This was attributed to the close proximity of the inserted gene to the LMO2 promoter, which controls the transcription of the LMO2 proto-oncogene.
See also
Hybrid
Fusion protein
Gene pool
Gene flow
Introgression
Nucleic acid hybridization
Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis
References
Further reading
Genetic engineering
Gene delivery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgene |
Byzar is an American experimental electronic music ensemble, considered one of the founders of the Illbient genre, along with DJ Spooky, Sub Dub, We, and the Soundlab collective, active in the New York experimental dance/electronic music scene during the 1990s.
Background
Founded in 1994 by Akin Adams, the earliest Byzar recordings were long-form textural soundscapes made with a 4-track cassette recording of multiple layers of heavily processed guitars, found objects and a badly damaged Farfisa organ.
Adams played guitar in an experimental rock trio called S*A*M, worked as an engineer in a hip-hop and dancehall studio called "Midimation" with artists such as Mikey Dread and KRS-One, and co-hosted a weekly event called "The Abstrakt Lounge" featuring Paul D. Miller, aka DJ Spooky at the "3 of Cups" basement lounge in New York's East Village in 1993.
DJ Spooky lived in the nearby Gas Station, a former gas station turned into a renegade sculpture garden in Alphabet City, and began hosting multimedia events called "Molecular", which attracted artists from the burgeoning Brooklyn dub scenes, DJ's, performance artists and installation designers, who would have free rein to transform the space with inflatables, video projections and various artistic efforts. Adams would provide sound equipment and organization help, and would often create electronic guitar soundscapes at one end of the garage space while Spooky mixed raw breakbeats at the other end.
Abstrakt Lounge and Molecular were part of a network of happenings and events, including the Abstrakt Wave, founded by Tim Sweet in a performance lounge called the RV on NYC's Lower East Side, where Adams began performing as an 'ambient DJ', playing the byzar soundscapes layered with other records and rudimentary beats. Other musicians, Including Hector Becerra, a noted NYC session drummer who played on Taylor Dayne's tour, and Manny Oquendo, who had been a Midimation client with the LES group "Hallucination Station", began jamming with Adams during his sets, and Byzar began to grow into a fluid collective. Miguel Lopez, an NYU grad who also worked as an engineer, offered after-hours studio time at Mike Thorne's "Stereo Society Studios", home of Softcell, and the Byzar began intensive studio experimentation.
Another regular performer & collaborator at Abstract Wave, composer and electric midi violinist Karthik Swaminathan, was referred by NYU classmate Lucy Walker, and he and Adams recorded their first collaboration for Elliot Sharp's State of the Union compilation. As Byzar expanded, Karthik brought in jam collaborators & performance artists Laura Marie Williams and Karl Francke to add visual, performance and sonic elements to Byzar's live show.
Byzar was envisioned as an electronic improvisational experiment, and did not adhere to song structure or popular music formats. Live shows and studio recordings were entirely improvised, with a rotating line-up of "expressionists" playing various instruments and devices. Influenced by dub music, Byzar applied dub studio mixing techniques to their live performances, and varied atmospheric textures with polyrhythmic electronic dance music.
Members
Members include:
Akin Adams : electronic & acoustic rhythms, electronic guitar, effects and live mixing, codenamed 'Quantyk' for his focus on all things rhythmic
Manny Oqeundo aka MegMan : electric bass, analog synthesizers, processed vocal effects, codenamed 'Acoustyk' for his background as an acoustic musician
Miguel Diaz de Lopez: engineering and electronic sound design, samplers and analog synths, codenamed 'Ylyptyk' for his eccentric use of delays and loops
Karthik Swaminathan : electric violin and effects, codenamed 'Karttyk' for eponymity; currently known as Kit Krash
Laura Marie Williams : electric bass, vocals
Lucy Walker : DJ and sound effects
Hector Becerra : live drums, processed acoustic & vocal effects, codenamed 'Elektryk' as a contrast to 'Acoustyk'
Karl Francke : harmonica and custom analog synth/oscilloscope controller
Methods
Byzar developed a “technorganic” praxis for audio production, harmonizing the vital instincts of live musicianship with the transformative potential of digital technology. The Gaiatronyk album’s rhythmic programming metaphorically explores genetic theory: “phenotypes” (audible sound events) of certain rhythms are combined with the “genotypes” (rhythmic event sequences) of others, creating new hybrids further manipulated in real time during the recording and mixing process.
Many of the soundscapes were created using antiquated state-of-the-art technology, such as the Serge modular analog synthesizer featured in Softcell's "Tainted Love" and the Synclavier, a digital recording system based on a mainframe, which could record at 100 kHz in the 80's. Byzar used this to record several ethnic instruments and then replay them at half-speed, creating glitch & alias-free soundscapes.
Byzar intentionally designed their vinyl releases for play at different speeds. British Radio One DJ John Peel often played Byzar's records at different speeds.
Collaborations
The group collaborated at Soundlab events with musicians including Vernon Reid, DJ Spooky, Marc Ribot, Ras Mesinai and Micah Gaugh, and recorded a collaboration "Yaizon" with Priest from the Anti-Pop Consortium, featured on Jungle Sky's "FUNK" compilation. As a charter member of the Soundlab happenings, Byzar played sets with Vernon Reid, Alec Empire, DJ Krush. Byzar collaborated with multimedia artist Mariko Mori on the music for her 3-D work "Nirvana", which was featured in the 1997 Venice Bienniale.
Installations
Byzar also designed multimedia performance installations and site transformations, including "Resonatryx" at The Kitchen, and "Abstrakt Phusion" at the Knitting Factory. Adams designed and managed a 50,000 watt multi-zone integrated soundsystem for the Creative Time Soundlab event at the Brooklyn Bridge Anchorage in 1996, which attracted over 6000 people.
Working with promoter Matt E. Silver, Byzar created "chill out" rooms for the New York City shows of The Orb, Prodigy, Chemical Brothers,
Debut album
The debut album, Gaiatronyk vs. the Cheap Robots was released on Asphodel Records, reaching #11 on the CMJ Dance Music Charts.
Lucy Walker directed an avant-garde video for "Phylyx", which aired on MTV's Amp, showing on AMP episodes #116, #122 and #124 The video featured heavily processed stock footage, light painting, and rapid synchronized edits, not showing any of the group's members in easily recognizable form.
Byzar was featured on the cover of issue #154 of Wire Magazine.
Byzar performed internationally, doing a NYC-themed "end of the century" TV special on French Television (M6), playing at London's Institute of Contemporary Art and St. Matthews' Church in Brixton, and playing Der Volksbuhne in Berlin.
Byzar created a white-label only mashup called "Darth Vader vs. The Sugar Plum Fairies" in February 1997, remixing the Imperial March to a mutant hip-hop beat, then blending Tchaikovsky's Dance of the Sugar-Plum Fairies; this record was also given personally to John Peel, who played it on his show several times. DJ Spooky used this as a backing track for Rakim's "Paid in Full" lyrics on recent mixtapes.
Byzar's material was widely downloaded on free sites, and citing poor sales, Asphodel did not seek to release a follow-up album. Byzar languished for several years, attempting to release 'Yaizon' independently in 1998, but finding little traction. Members continue to work individually, and there have been references to a new album, "Polykronyk 13:20".
Recent activity
There is a human gene named after Byzar.
In 2009, Adams revived the Byzar brand for a remix of "Fungirl" by the New York Band Jessica 6, and is currently co-producing Jessica 6's debut album. Byzar appears to be making efforts to revive itself, with a performance at DC's Artomatic festival in 2009.
Sample reviews
"Byzar's impalpable liquid sound hovers between dark Dub and light Ambient. Echoplex snores; some obscure 20th Century electronic composer's vinyl is scratched with reverence and malice; sounds are processed and reprocessed into aural obscurity, erasing the original and creating something wholly within the domain of electricity. This is the same electricity that is found within the body -- synaptic firing, orgones accumulating, neural transmissions, and chi flowing -- all somehow audible at a macro level. Hearing such intimate processes amplified outside the body is somehow uncanny, but Byzar are a slow-motion explosion of pure bliss." [/]
"Byzar are, without argument, precisely that on their debut full-length for Asphodel. Though swiftly pegged as res logicus for the DJ Spooky coattail treatment, this roving collective of beat manipulators and signal mutators are operating from far more interesting territory ... Focusing on off-kilter rhythms and strange and scary monochromatic acoustic and electronic textures, the group's novel sheets of beat-oriented ambient dub-hop recall the more successful moments of Scorn and Techno Animal without falling into the bland repetition and reverb fetishism that tend to mar those groups. A surprisingly mature debut."
Discography
Album and EPs
Beings from the B'yond Within, Vol.1 (Asphodel Records) [1996]
Gaiatronyk vs. the Cheap Robots (Asphodel Records) [1997]
Beings from B'yond Wythyn, vol. 2 (((Asphodel Records))) (1998)
Compilation albums
"This Is Home Entertainment: Volume One"
Song: "Transpyrator" (Home Entertainment) [1995]
"Incursions In Illbient" compilation (Asphodel Records)[1996]
"This is Jungle Sky, Vol.6, Funk" (Jungle Sky Records) 1998
"Necropolis: The Dialogic Project" (Knitting Factory)
References
External links
[ All Music Guide]
Official Asphodel page on Byzar
Byzar MySpace Page
Miguel Diaz de Lopez Home Page
Byzar's Last FM Page
MegMan Home Page
American ambient music groups
Musical groups from New York (state)
Illbient | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzar |
Louise Ingram Rayner (21 June 1832 – 8 October 1924) was a British watercolour artist.
Family
Rayner was born in Matlock Bath in Derbyshire. Her parents Samuel Rayner and Ann Rayner (née Manser) were both noted artists, Samuel having been accepted for exhibition at the Royal Academy when he was 15. Four of Louise's sisters—Ann ("Nancy"), Margaret, Rose and Frances—and her brother Richard were also artists. Her eldest sister Ann Ingram Rayner (Nancy) exhibited at the Society of Painters in Water Colours and three times at the Royal Academy. The family lived in Matlock Bath and Derby until 1842 when they moved to London.
Education
Rayner studied painting from the age of fifteen, at first with her father and later with established artist friends of the family such as George Cattermole, Edmund Niemann, David Roberts and Frank Stone. Her first exhibited work, an oil painting entitled The Interior of Haddon Chapel, was shown at the Royal Academy in 1852, the first of a series of oils.
Watercolour
From 1860, however, her medium was watercolour, which she exhibited for over 50 years through organisations including the Society of Lady Artists, The Royal Academy, Royal Watercolour Society and the Royal Society of British Artists.
Chester
She lived in Chester in the county of Cheshire but travelled extensively, painting British scenes, during the summers in the 1870s and 1880s. Her paintings are very detailed and highly picturesque populated street scenes capturing the "olde worlde" character of British towns and cities in the booming Victorian period. Her paintings are very popular today as prints and on jigsaw puzzles. Around 1910 she moved with her sister to Tunbridge Wells, and later to St Leonards, where she died on 8 October 1924, aged 92.
Collections
Rayner's work is represented in the collections of at the Russell-Cotes Art Gallery & Museum, Bournemouth, Derby Museum and Art Gallery and the Grosvenor Museum, Chester, which possesses 23 of her watercolours, the largest in any public collection.
References
Sources
Simon Fenwick, "Rayner, Samuel (1806–1879)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 26 June 2007
Louise Rayner, Chester City Council
External links
Louise Rayner DudleyMall page featuring many works
Louise Rayner Artist Information site by relative
1832 births
1924 deaths
19th-century English painters
20th-century English painters
19th-century English women artists
20th-century English women artists
English women painters
English watercolourists
People from Derbyshire
Women watercolorists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise%20Rayner |
Zuid-Polsbroek was a semi-sovereign or free and high fief (Free and high fief of Zuid-Polsbroek), now part of Polsbroek in the Dutch province of Utrecht. Zuid-Polsbroek was the part of Polsbroek south of the small river Benschopse Wetering.
History
When the French introduced the municipal system in the Netherlands in 1807, the rights of the heerlijkheid were largely abolished, although the heerlijkheid itself existed until the early 20th century. Zuid-Polsbroek became a separate municipality in the province of Holland. In 1812, it merged with several neighbouring villages to form one municipality "Polsbroek". Zuid-Polsbroek remained a part of Holland, even though several of the other villages in the municipality were part of Utrecht (province). It became a separate municipality again in 1817, and was transferred to Utrecht in 1820. It merged with Noord-Polsbroek in 1857 to form a single municipality Polsbroek again.
Around 1850, the municipality had a population of about 290, 140 of which lived in the village itself.
Paulus Theodorus van Brussel, painter of fruit and vegetables, was born in Zuid-Polsbroek in 1754.
See also
Polsbroek
Noord-Polsbroek
Free and high fief of Zuid-Polsbroek
References
Former municipalities of Utrecht (province) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuid-Polsbroek |
Noord-Polsbroek is a former village and municipality in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It existed between 1817 and 1857, when it merged with Zuid-Polsbroek to form a single municipality Polsbroek.
Noord-Polsbroek was the northern half of Polsbroek, north of the small river the Benschopse Wetering. Around 1850, the municipality had a population of about 410.
References
Former municipalities of Utrecht (province) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noord-Polsbroek |
Isla Todos Santos is a pair of islands about off Ensenada, Baja California, at best known for surfing. Access is only by boat, which can be rented in Ensenada, or La Bufadora. The waves off the smallest island are among the biggest in North America. There are no facilities on the islands except for two lighthouses and a fish farm operation.
Fauna
The islands are (or were) home to Aimophila ruficeps sanctorum, an endemic subspecies of the Rufous-crowned sparrow, which is probably extinct. It was previously home to Anthony's woodrat, which is now extinct. It is home to a critically endangered subspecies, the Todos Santos Island Kingsnake, of the California mountain kingsnake. The type species of the fish genus Bajacalifornia, Bajacalifornia burragei, was discovered during the USS Albatross deep sea expedition off the coast of Todos Santos Bay in 1911.
References
Szabo, Khwaja, Garnett, Butchart (2012). Global Patterns and Drivers of Avian Extinctions at the Species and Subspecies Level. PLoS One
Landmarks in Ensenada
Tourist attractions in Ensenada, Baja California
Islands of Ensenada Municipality
Islands of Baja California
Uninhabited islands of Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla%20Todos%20Santos |
Akdağmadeni (Greek: Ἀργυρίων, Argyríōn) is a town in the Yozgat Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Akdağmadeni District. Its population is 22,180 (2022). Its elevation is .
According to the Ottoman population statistics of 1914, the kaza of Akdağmadeni had a total population of 48,759, consisting of 37,081 Muslims, 7,892 Greeks, 3,312 Armenians, 49 Protestants and 425 Roma. Most of the Armenians and Greeks were killed or expelled by 1923.
References
External links
District municipality's official website
District municipalities in Turkey
Populated places in Akdağmadeni District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akda%C4%9Fmadeni |
Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Is'haq al-Fayadh (the word al-Fayadh also spelt al-Fayad), (, ) is one of the most senior Shi'a marja living in Iraq after Ali al-Sistani.
Biography
Born in Jaghori Soba village in Ghazni province, Afghanistan to Hazara ethnic group, he holds Afghan citizenship. His family was farmers and he started learning the Qur'an from the village cleric when he was five. When he was 10 his family moved to Najaf, where he studied various Islamic studies including Arabic language, rhetoric, logic, Islamic philosophy, the Hadith and Islamic jurisprudence, eventually studying under Grand Ayatollah Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei. When al-Khoei died in 1992 he supported Ali al-Sistani as the chair of the marjaiya in Najaf.
Under Saddam Hussein he adopted a quietist approach, avoiding politics and confrontation with the government.
Following the invasion of Iraq by the United States and allies in 2003, al-Fayyad engaged more than any other marja with the occupying American and British military and diplomats, informing them of the views of the senior clerics. He adopted similar positions to al-Sistani and the other marjaiya: supporting a united Shiite slate for the first Iraqi elections; calling for Islam to be the sole source of Iraqi law; supporting a yes vote in the referendum on the constitution; rejecting a secular Iraq; and opposing the adoption of doctrine of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists as adopted by the Islamic Republic of Iran. However, of all the marja'iyya Fayyad is reported to be the biggest opponent of the concept of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists. However, this report is contradicted by the official website of the Shi'a Marja, wherein he remarks, "The correct opinion regarding the issue of "Vilayat-e-Faqih" (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist) is that this issue requires no external proof, because the continuation of Islamic law, and its application, is dependent upon the continuation of the system of Vilayat". He continues, "The vilayat of the Prophet and the immaculate Imams, and in the time of the major occultation of the 12th Imam, the Islamic Jurist is bestowed with this vilayat ... It is unimaginable that Islamic Law could continue to exist without the continuation of this vilayat". Furthermore, he is one of the Ulama signatories of the Amman Message, which gives a broad foundation for defining Muslim orthodoxy.
He has written some books on Islamic jurisprudence, Islamic politics, and Islamic banking. A very innovative position of him is written in his book on women's role in society with the title 'Jāyegāh Zan dar Nizām Siyāsīyeh Islām' (English title: 'The position of women in the Islamic political system'). In 2007, press reports indicated that he was supervising the religious studies of the radical cleric Muqtada al-Sadr.
Positions
Socio-political role of women in Islamic societies
Grand Ayatollah al-Fayadh is one of the few Islamic Shia Ayatollahs who are in favor of women in positions of political leadership.
In June 2018 an article was written on a Persian website, which was later translated into English. There the Islamic position of Ayatollah al-Fayadh concerning the position of women in Islamic society was discussed, citing his book 'Jāyegāh Zan dar Nizām Siyāsīyeh Islām' (English title: 'The position of women in the Islamic political system') on that subject.
"In response to some jurisprudential questions concerning the role of women in society, he declared it permissible for women to take any of the three following positions: political leader, judge and religious jurisconsult."
The article continues to explain al-Fayadh' opinion concerning women and the different positions they can take in society:
"It is irrespective of whether this is a social position like politics or an individual one like being a driver, a pilot, etc. With this reasoning he believes that in all spheres of life, be it social, individual, ideological, freedom of expression, business, financial trading, land cultivation, etc. women and men are completely equal."
See also
Big Four (Najaf)
Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei
Muhammad Hossein Naini
Muhammad Kazim Khurasani
Mirza Husayn Tehrani
Abdallah Mazandarani
Mirza Ali Aqa Tabrizi
Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai
Seyyed Abdollah Behbahani
Fazlullah Nouri
References
External links
Official Arabic Website
Official Farsi Website
Download site of his online books in English, Arabic and Farsi
Slate profile
Afghan emigrants to Iraq
Afghan Shia Muslims
Afghan grand ayatollahs
Iraqi people of Hazara descent
Hazara religious leaders
1930 births
Living people
People from Najaf
Iraqi grand ayatollahs
20th-century Islamic religious leaders
21st-century Islamic religious leaders
Iraqi people of Afghan descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad%20al-Fayadh |
Keeping the Promise is a 1997 historical drama television film based on the children's novel The Sign of the Beaver by Elizabeth George Speare. The film was released to DVD and VHS on July 25, 2000. It was shot in Ontario, Canada.
Plot
Keeping The Promise tells the story of a 13-year-old boy, Matt (Brendan Fletcher) and his father, (Keith Carradine) who, as early settlers, together build a wooden cabin in Maine in 1768. However, Matt's father must head back to Quincy, Massachusetts, to get Matt's mother, sister, and newborn sibling who were all left behind so Matt and his father could build shelter for them. Matt's father promises to return in seven weeks and Matt is left alone with his father's old watch (a family heirloom) and a hunting rifle to guard the family's newly built homestead and field crops. Unfortunately, Matt finds himself enduring many hardships for which he is unprepared. His hunting rifle is stolen by a stranger named Ben Loomis; while chasing after Ben: Matt trips and falls into a river. Luckily, Matt's misadventure has not gone unnoticed and he is pulled from the water. The Indians he has learned to fear, through tales that his father had told him, save his life in this part of the story.
His injured leg is treated by the Indian chief named Saknis. While recovering, Matt begrudgingly allows Saknis to take his book (Robinson Crusoe) for saving his life. Saknis later returns with the book and asks Matt whether a knife or a book would win a fight - Matt says the knife would win, Saknis points out that the words of the white man have already won the land away from his people. Saknis commands that Matt is to teach his grandson to read. Although uncertain of how to teach anyone, especially the unwilling Attean, Matt accepts the task out of obligation, as he owes his life to the man.
Meanwhile, his father returns to his family only to find there is a fever in the village which kills their neighbour's daughter, the family leave quickly knowing that the town will probably be closed to stop the spread of fever. On their way the newborn and the mother come down with fever, this delays them and when they reach the boat for its last crossing before winter they are turned back because of the baby's illness. The Mother recovers, but the baby does not and has to be buried as they travel the land route.
Back in Maine, Matt does not immediately befriend Attean, although the two young boys eventually form a strong friendship as they help each other through difficult circumstances. When Matt's family has not yet returned after many months Attean invites Matt to join his tribe, who are moving west to new hunting grounds. Although Matt is good friends with Attean and enjoys Indian culture, he has not forgotten his family. Matt has to decide whether to join the Indian tribe or return to his cabin and wait for his family to return.
Near the end of the story, Attean goes on a vision quest and becomes a brave. He visits Matt and gives him a pair of snowshoes for the winter and asks him to come with the tribe. Matt decides to wait for his family, although parting from his new friend, Attean, is difficult. The two boys trade gifts, Matt gives Attean the book of Robinson Crusoe and Attean leaves his dog behind with Matt. Sure enough, Matt's family returns in the winter snows, guided for the last few days by Ben Loomis, who makes himself absent as soon as the family are reunited.
Characters
Brendan Fletcher as Matt Hallowell
Keith Carradine as William "Will" Hallowell (Matt's Father)
Annette O'Toole as Anne Hallowell (Matt's mother)
Allegra Denton as Sarah Hallowell (Matt's sister)
Gordon Tootoosis as Chief Saknis (Attean's Grandfather)
William Lightning as Attean
Maury Chaykin as Ben Loomis
David Cubitt as Boat Agent
External links
1997 films
1997 drama films
Films based on American novels
Films set in 1768
Films set in Maine
Films set in the Thirteen Colonies
Films directed by Sheldon Larry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeping%20the%20Promise |
Riverside Secondary School may refer to:
Riverside Secondary School (British Columbia), Port Coquitlam, British Columbia
Riverside Secondary School (Windsor), Windsor, Ontario
Riverside Secondary School (Singapore) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riverside%20Secondary%20School |
Akıncılar (Kurdish: Ezbider) is a town in Sivas Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Akıncılar District. Its population is 2,441 (2022). The mayor is Hasan Şen (AKP).
References
District municipalities in Turkey
Populated places in Sivas Province
Akıncılar District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%C4%B1nc%C4%B1lar |
Akkuş is a municipality and district of Ordu Province, Turkey. Its area is 697 km2, and its population is 21,258 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
Geography
Akkuş is in the foothills of Mount Argan in the Canik range inland from the Black Sea coast. Two rivers, the Tifi and the Karakuş are formed from streams running down from these mountains. The climate is typical of high pasture country, the district is under snow for four to five months of the year, and fog and rain for the remainder. The summer sun occasionally shines and when it does the lush green countryside is beautiful. The area could attract visitors on trekking or winter sports vacations but lacks the infrastructure for this at the moment. The local economy depends on farming, forestry and grazing livestock plus some handicrafts including carpet weaving.
History
Formerly known as Karakuş, the area was once part of the Kingdom of Pontus. The first Turkish rulers were the Danishmend and Hacıemiroğlu Anatolian beyliks and then from the 15th century the Ottoman Empire.
Composition
There are 44 neighbourhoods in Akkuş District:
Akpınar
Alan
Ambargürgen
Çaldere
Çamalan
Çamlıca
Çavdar
Çayıralan
Ceyhanlı
Çökek
Çukurköy
Dağyolu
Damyeri
Düğencili
Esentepe
Gedikli
Gökçebayır
Gürgenliyatak
Haliluşağı
Karaçal
Kargı
Kemikgeriş
Ketendere
Kızılelma
Koçcuvaz
Külekçili
Kurtboğaz
Kuşçulu
Merkez
Meyvalı
Muratlı
Ormancık
Ortabölme
Şahin
Salman
Seferli
Subaşı
Tuzakköy
Yazlıkbelen
Yenimahalle
Yeşilgüneycik
Yeşilköy
Yolbaşı
Yukarıdüğencili
Image gallery
References
External links
District governor's official website
Local information website
Road map of Akkuş and environs
Various images of Akkuş, Ordu
Populated places in Ordu Province
Districts of Ordu Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akku%C5%9F |
Natrophilite is a mineral with the chemical formula NaMnPO4. In a pure form it has a yellow coloration. Its crystals are orthorhombic to dipyramidal. It is transparent to translucent. It is not radioactive. Natrophilite is rated 4.5 to 5 on the Mohs Scale.
References
Webmineral entry
Sodium minerals
Manganese(II) minerals
Phosphate minerals
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 62 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natrophilite |
The Prism brand is used for wireless networking integrated circuit (commonly called "chips") technology from Conexant for wireless LANs. They were formerly produced by Intersil Corporation.
Legacy 802.11b products (Prism 2/2.5/3)
The open-source HostAP driver supports the IEEE 802.11b Prism 2/2.5/3 family of chips.
Wireless adaptors which use the Prism chipset are known for compatibility, and are preferred for specialist applications such as packet capture.
No win64 drivers are known to exist.
Intersil firmware
WEP
WPA (TKIP), after update
WPA2 (CCMP), after update
Lucent/Agere
WEP
WPA (TKIP in hardware)
802.11b/g products (Prism54, ISL38xx)
The chipset has undergone a major redesign for 802.11g compatibility and cost reduction, and newer "Prism54" chipsets are not compatible with their predecessors.
Intersil initially provided a Linux driver for the first Prism54 chips which implemented a large part of the 802.11 stack in the firmware. However, further cost reductions caused a new, lighter firmware to be designed and the amount of on-chip memory to shrink, making it impossible to run the older version of the firmware on the latest chips. In the meantime, the PRISM business was sold to Conexant, which never published information about the newer firmware API that would enable a Linux driver to be written.
However, a reverse engineering effort eventually made it possible to use the new Prism54 chipsets under the Linux and BSD operating systems.
See also
HostAP driver for prism chipsets
External links
PRISM solutions at Conexant
GPL drivers and firmware for the ISL38xx-based Prism chipsets (mostly reverse engineered)
Wireless networking hardware | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism%20%28chipset%29 |
Akören is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey. Its area is 640 km2, and its population is 5,836 (2022). Its elevation is .
Composition
There are 14 neighbourhoods in Akören District:
Ağalar
Ahmediye
Alanköy
Avdan
Belkuyu
Çatören
Dutlu
Hacılar
Karahüyük
Kayasu
Orhaniye
Süleymaniye
Tülce
Yeni
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Populated places in Konya Province
Districts of Konya Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Lycaonia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%C3%B6ren%2C%20Konya |
Eva Lund (born 1 May 1971) is a Swedish curler. , .
Born in Stockholm, Sweden, as Eva Eriksson, she lives in Upplands Väsby, Stockholm, with her husband and Swedish national curling coach Stefan Lund and her son Adam and daughter Anna . Eva Lund trains with the Härnösands CK club, and when not curling is a regulatory affairs project manager.
Eva Lund played third for Anette Norberg's team, and has won many international titles, including two golds in the Olympic Winter Games 2006 in Turin and 2010 in Vancouver. In the world championships she has a gold from 2005 and 2006, a silver from 2001 and a bronze from 2003. She has won gold in the European championships in 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2007. She also has a gold from 1993 as a reserve. And in the Elite series she has won gold in 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, with bronze from 1993, 1998, and 1999. She recently retired.
In 2003 she was inducted into the Swedish Curling Hall of Fame.
References
External links
Music video of Swedish women's curling team with Swedish metal band Hammerfall
Living people
1971 births
People from Upplands Väsby Municipality
Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Swedish female curlers
Olympic curlers for Sweden
Olympic gold medalists for Sweden
Curlers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in curling
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
World curling champions
European curling champions
Swedish curling champions
Continental Cup of Curling participants | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva%20Lund |
WOCV-CD (channel 35) is a low-power, Class A television station in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, airing programming from the digital multicast network Catchy Comedy (formerly known as Decades). The station is owned and operated by Weigel Broadcasting, and maintains a transmitter in Parma, Ohio.
WOCV-CD has some cable carriage, most notably on Charter Spectrum – channel 15 in Cleveland and channel 13 in Akron.
History
Media-Com era
W29AI channel 29 was originally licensed on July 14, 1987, and did not sign on until 1990. It became WAOH-LP on August 21, 1995, and WAOH-CD on December 30, 2014. A translator of WAOH, W35AX channel 35, was licensed on November 30, 1989, and signed on in 1996. Both stations were owned and operated by Media-Com, a local radio broadcaster who also operated WNIR 100.1 FM and WJMP AM 1520 in the Kent/Akron area.
WAOH was affiliated with Retro TV since 2009. Before Retro TV, it was affiliated with the America One network, with the branding of "The CAT" (for "Cleveland Akron Television"). Prior to its America One affiliation, the station had carried Bloomberg Television, MuchMusic, and Network One. Under Media-Com's ownership, the station aired a few locally produced programs (such as the Son of Ghoul).
As part of the digital transition, WAOH-CD flash-cut their signal to digital in December 2014, remaining on channel 29. W35AX signed on their digital companion signal on channel 16 on March 16, 2015, with the calls W16DO-D. The new coverage area for W16DO-D overlapped most of viewing area formerly served by WAOH-CD. The station's branding made use of the new frequency allocation, changing from "29/35" to "16/29" on station IDs.
WAOH-CD went off the air on October 25, 2017 as part of the FCC's digital repack. This shifted W16DO-D's role from translator to the sole transmitter for the station. On June 28, 2020, W16DO-D transitioned to their repacked frequency of RF channel 27, with the new callsign W27EA-D. Its virtual channel reverted to the previous 35 allocation, rather than 16, 27, or 29.
Weigel Broadcasting era
In March 2022, Media-Com petitioned the FCC to allow a sale of the station to Weigel Broadcasting. The sale included only W27EA-D, not WNIR. On June 20, 2022, the sale was completed, and W27EA-D switched its primary affiliation to Story Television.
On September 1, 2022, Weigel Broadcasting filed to change the call letters from W27EA-D to WOCV-CD. The new call letters took effect on September 20, 2022.
On November 1, 2022, the Weigel owned Decades network began airing on 35.1, with Story Television moved to the newly activated 35.2. On March 27, 2023, Decades became Catchy Comedy, a classic sitcom focused network.
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
References
External links
Catchy Comedy affiliates
Story Television affiliates
OnTV4U affiliates
Kent, Ohio
Television channels and stations established in 1996
Low-power television stations in Ohio
OCV-CD
Weigel Broadcasting
1996 establishments in Ohio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOCV-CD |
Akpınar is a town in Kırşehir Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Akpınar District. Its population is 2,742 (2022).
History
According to the article by Abdulbaki Uçan, "" Akpınar was founded by the primitive clans of the pre-Hittites. In the environs of Akpınar some artificial mounds support Uçan's assumption. He conducted a surface search in 2011 (Tekhöyük) and after that published an article on the surface ruins of Tekhöyük and İkiztepe Tumulus. In 1986 Tsugio Mikami and Sachihiro Omura were in the vicinity of Akpınar under the aegis of the Japan Middle Eastern Culture Center and found some ruins of the Iron Age and Bronze Age in the surface levels at Akpınar Höyük. Nevertheless there is no comprehensive research about the ancient history of Akpınar except for Uçan's article.
References
External links
District municipality's official website
Akpınar Daily News Site
District municipalities in Turkey
Populated places in Kırşehir Province
Akpınar District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akp%C4%B1nar%2C%20K%C4%B1r%C5%9Fehir |
The White Helmets Commission () is a body of the Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and Worship in charge of designing and implementing international humanitarian assistance. It has a network of bilateral and multilateral cooperation links through which it coordinates immediate response to social-natural disasters; it works on rehabilitation, reconstruction and development tasks; and it promotes risk prevention and management, in Argentina and abroad.
History
White Helmets has its origins in 1994, in the "Commission against Hunger and Poverty", an international civil body created to combat those social problems. This body marked the beginning of the participation of developing countries in the provision of international humanitarian assistance, which until then has been reserved for donor countries, and introduced the use of volunteers as a specialized professional corps.
In that year, United Nations General Assembly adopted and approved the Commission as an Initiative, named it White Helmets and incorporated into its agenda the response to man-made or natural disasters, conflicts and emergency situations of any kind.
Thus, the White Helmets Commission extended its reach to other aspects included in the concept of complex humanitarian emergency. It embraced the purpose of supporting UN activities within the sphere of emergency humanitarian assistance and of rehabilitation, reconstruction and development in times of transition. Furthermore, it was established that the Commission would act pursuant to the guidelines of the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs —OCHA— since 1998) and work in coordination with the United Nations Volunteers (UNV) Programme, which deploys personnel for missions.
Since then, the UN General Assembly has renewed its support for the Initiative every three years, highlighting the importance of the Argentine experience in addressing humanitarian crises, through the organization of volunteer corps. The most recent expression of support was at the 67th UN Assembly, in 2012.
At a regional level, in 1995, the General Assembly of the Organization of American States (OAS) adopted the White Helmets Initiative, thus contributing to its consolidation.
References
External links
Humanitarian aid organizations
Organizations established in 1993
Government agencies of Argentina
Organization of American States
Military operations other than war
Non-combat military operations involving Argentina
Development organizations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Helmets%20Commission |
Akseki is a municipality and district of Antalya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,544 km2, and its population is 10,477 (2022).
Known for its snowdrops, Akseki is located in the western Taurus Mountains at an elevation of 1100m. The Manavgat River passes through a large valley in the centre of the district, which is otherwise mainly mountainous. Places of interest include caves, valleys and a number of high meadows. This windswept rocky mountainside is not good farmland and the local economy mostly depends on forestry and raising sheep and cattle. Many people from Akseki have migrated to Antalya but still have homes here as an escape from the summer heat on the coast. The people of Akseki have a reputation as canny traders, and some prominent businessman were brought up here including restaurateur and fruit-juice producer Ömer Duruk.
Akseki was formerly Byzantine town of Marla, Marulya, or Marulia. It was conquered by the Seljuk Turks and the Ottoman Empire along with other towns in the area.
Antalya's Akdeniz University has a branch here training nurses, and doing some other vocational training.
With its rich architectural heritage, Akseki is a member of the Norwich-based European Association of Historic Towns and Regions.
The country boasts an economy based on cattle and almond trade.
Composition
There are 51 neighbourhoods in Akseki District:
Akşahap
Alaçeşme
Aşağıaşıklar
Bademli
Belenalan
Boğaz
Bucakalan
Bucakkışla
Büyükalan
Çaltılıçukur
Çanakpınar
Ceceler
Cemerler
Cendeve
Cevizli
Çimiköy
Çınardibi
Çukurköy
Değirmenlik
Demirciler
Dikmen
Dutluca
Emiraşıklar
Erenyaka
Fakılar
Geriş
Güçlüköy
Gümüşdamla
Güneykaya
Günyaka
Güzelsu
Hacıilyas
Hocaköy
Hüsamettinköy
Karakışla
Kepez
Kepezbeleni
Kuyucak
Mahmutlu
Menteşbey
Minareli
Pınarbaşı
Sadıklar
Salihler
Sarıhacılar
Sarıhaliller
Sinanhoca
Süleymaniye
Susuzşahap
Taşlıca
Yarpuz
References
External links
District governor's official website
Populated places in Antalya Province
Districts of Antalya Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akseki |
Brown v Les Curé et Marguilliers de l'Œuvre et Fabrique de Notre Dame de Montréal, better known as the Guibord case, was a decision in 1874 by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in an early Canadian legal dispute over the relationship between church and state.
The question was whether the church officials of the Parish of Montréal could refuse to bury a deceased member of the Church because of his political beliefs. Joseph Guibord had been a member of the Institut Canadien de Montréal, an association dedicated to the principles of liberalism. The Institut was at odds with the Roman Catholic church, at that time very powerful in Quebec and very conservative. When he died, the church officials of the Parish of Montréal refused to allow his widow, Henriette Brown, to have his remains buried in the section of the Côte des Neiges Cemetery reserved for Roman Catholics.
Brown brought a petition in the Quebec courts to require the church officials to allow her to bury her husband in the cemetery. The case was ultimately decided by the Judicial Committee, at that time the court of last resort for Canada within the British Empire. The Judicial Committee ruled that the church officials had to allow Guibord's remains to be buried in the Roman Catholic section of the cemetery, although without full religious rites. The case caused great political and religious controversy in Quebec.
Background
The case centred on a man named Joseph Guibord, a member of the Institut Canadien. The Institut was a liberal association with a public library and debating room for literary and scientific discussions. The views of its members, who tended to support the Rouges in Quebec politics, brought them into conflict with the Roman Catholic Church, which at that time had significant influence in Quebec society and with the Quebec government. Eventually, the Bishop of Montreal, Ignace Bourget, issued a pastoral letter forbidding membership in the Institut, and stating that no absolution was possible for member, "même à l'article de la mort."
Guibord died suddenly in 1869. His widow, Henriette Brown, sought to have him buried in the Côte des Neiges Cemetery, at that time the only cemetery for Roman Catholics in Montreal. The Church refused to permit the burial, except in the portion of the cemetery reserved for non-Roman Catholics and unbaptised infants, and without religious rites. Brown was willing to forego the religious ceremony, but insisted that her husband be buried in the Roman Catholic portion of the cemetery. The church officials refused. Brown and her supporters argued that the Church's decision contradicted its role under the civil law to give burial, but the Church argued it would permit the civil burial, and that Guibord not being buried in holy ground was a question of religious freedom.
After two attempts to have Guibord buried in the Côte-des-Neiges Cemetery, his remains were temporarily lodged in the neighbouring Mount Royal cemetery, a Protestant cemetery.
Decisions of the Quebec Courts
Superior Court
Brown then applied to the Superior Court of Quebec for an order of mandamus compelling the church officials to provide a burial for her husband in the Côte des Neiges Cemetery. The pleadings filed by both sides were complex, with several supplemental pleadings from both sides. Brown sought to have Guibord's remains buried in the Roman Catholic portion of the cemetery, "conformably to custom and law," and argued that her husband had been a practising Roman Catholic at the time of his death, filing his baptismal certificate and their wedding certificate. The church officials challenged the availability of the remedy of mandamus, as well as denying that they had refused civil burial to Guibord. They asserted that they were prepared to carry out their civil duty to bury the remains, but as a matter of religious freedom, the Church had the right to decide whether to bury him in the portion of the cemetery reserved for Roman Catholics. They also alleged that Guibord had been a "pécheur public" (i.e. - a public sinner), and therefore could be denied burial under Roman Catholic doctrine.
The petition was argued on 17 March 1870, before Mr Justice Mondelet. On 2 May 1870, Mondelet J. granted Brown's petition and ordered the burial of the deceased by the church officials, according to custom and law in the same way as any other parishioner who dies with the status of a Roman Catholic, and to enter his name in the parochial register according to law. He also ordered that the church officials pay Brown's court costs.
Court of Review
The church officials then appealed to the Court of Review, which heard argument on 23 June 1870. On 10 September 1870, that Court allowed the appeal and dismissed the widow's petition. Speaking for the Court, Mr Justice Mackay held that the pleadings and judgment below were both defective. A writ of mandamus is only available to give specific, defined relief. The order to have Guibord buried "according to custom and law" was not a specific remedy, as it did not make clear where the burial was to take place. The church officials could comply with it by burying him in the portion for non-Roman Catholics, which would not be satisfactory to the widow. As well, the order to fill out the parochial records was defective, since the church officials named in the petition did not have custody of the parochial records. Finally, the decision below was bad for dismissing the church officials' plea of their religious freedom.
Court of Queen's Bench
Brown then appealed to the Quebec Court of Queen's Bench (Appeal Side).
When the matter first came on for argument, on 2 December 1870, Brown's counsel applied to have four of the judges who were about to hear the appeal recuse themselves under s. 176 of the Code of Civil Procedure. They argued that one of the points in issue was the extent of the civil courts' power over the church, which was denied by Roman Catholic church doctrine under pain of anathema and excommunication. Since the four judges (Chief Justice Duval and Justices Caron, Badgley and Monk) were Roman Catholics, counsel argued that they "acknowledged the authority of the Roman power" and could be under the threat of excommunication if they did not rule in favour of the church officials. The Court heard argument on the motion for recusation and reserved their decision. A week later, on 9 December 1870, they gave their decision, refusing to receive the petitions for recusation, or to allow them to be entered in the register of the Court. The Court, composed of Duval C.J., Caron, Drummond, Badgely and Monk, then heard the appeal.
On 7 September 1871, the Queen's Bench unanimously dismissed Brown's appeal and upheld the decision of the Court of Review, but on divided grounds, with each judge giving reasons:
Caron J. held that the original writ was void for not containing a command; that it was defective in being addressed to both the curé and the fabrique, as only the curé had superintendence of burials and entries in the register; that the petition was only for civil burial, which the church officials had offered to perform; and that the church officials' condition that the burial be in a particular part of the burial ground was reasonable.
Duval C.J. agreed with Caron J., but based his judgment on the defect in the form of the writ.
Drummond J. held that the writ was right in form, but agreed that the appeal should be dismissed because the civil courts had no jurisdiction to order ecclesiastical burial when refused by the ecclesiastical authorities.
Badgley J. held that the writ was right in form, and that the courts did have the power to order the performance of the duties although affecting spiritual rights, but agreed that the appeal should be dismissed because the writ commanded the performance of two duties, the burial and the entry into the parochial register, and the church officials named in the petition had no power to carry out the command to enter the burial in the parochial register.
Monk J. held that the writ and all proceedings were regular and sufficient, but agreed that the appeal should be dismissed because the courts had no jurisdiction over the matters in dispute.
The Court ordered Brown to pay the church officials' court costs.
Appeal to the Judicial Committee
Standing of the Institut to Appeal following Brown's Death
Brown then applied successfully for leave to appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, at that time the court of last resort within the British Empire. However, before her appeal could be heard, Brown died on 24 March 1873. In her will, she left all that she had to the Institut Canadien. The Institut then applied to be allowed to prosecute the appeal, on the basis that as Brown's heir, the Institut was liable to pay the court costs in the Quebec courts and therefore had a legitimate interest in the litigation. In an interim decision in 1873, the Judicial Committee gave the Institut standing to carry the appeal, without prejudice to the church officials' right to challenge the standing at the hearing of the appeal.
Decision: Appeal Allowed
The Judicial Committee heard the appeal in the early summer of 1874, devoting seven sitting days to the hearing. The Institut was represented by Mr Doutre, Q.C., of the Quebec Bar, and Mr Bompas, of the English Bar. The church officials were represented by Mr Matthews, Q.C., and Mr Westlake, Q.C., both of the English Bar. On 21 November 1874, the Judicial Committee gave its decision, allowing the appeal and ordering the church officials to provide a burial for the deceased in the area of the cemetery reserved for Roman Catholics.
The judgment of the Committee was given by Sir Robert Phillimore, a noted expert in ecclesiastical law in England. He addressed the various procedural issues which had been raised by the case, beginning by noting that the church officials had not pressed their objections to the Institut's standing to carry on the appeal, since the Institut was Brown's universal legatee and therefore had an interest in having the order to pay costs overturned. He also confirmed that the Committee did not think the argument for recusation of the Queen's Bench judges could be sustained. As well, he ruled that the original writ for mandamus was in proper form and gave the court sufficient discretion to craft the remedy sought.
Turning to the merits of the appeal, Phillimore J. declined to rule on the precise status of the Roman Catholic Church in Quebec, such as whether it should be considered an established church, and also declined to rule on whether the civil courts of Quebec retained the jurisdiction over the church which the courts of New France had held before the Conquest. Instead, he based his decision on the principle that even if churches are merely voluntary and private organisations, the members of church are entitled to have the church administered according to the church's own internal laws and rules. In this case, the issue was whether the deceased had forfeited the right to ecclesiastical burial according to the church's own internal laws.
Phillimore J. then reviewed the pre-Conquest Quebec Ritual dealing with refusal of ecclesiastical burial. The three possibilities under the Ritual cited by counsel for the church officials in support of the refusal were that Guibord had been excommunicated as a result of his membership in the Institut; that he had failed to take communion at Easter-tide; and that he was a "pecheur public" as a result of belonging to the Institut. Phillimore J. ruled that to come under the category of excommunication, it would have been necessary for the Bishop of Montreal to excommunicate Guibord by name. Phillimore J. acknowledged that such an action was solely within the power of the Bishop, and if it had occurred, would not have been reviewable by the courts. However, the evidence showed that there had been no such explicit excommunication of Guibord. Phillimore J. also dismissed the argument based on Guibord's failure to take Easter communion since Guibord had sought to partake of the sacrament, but the church had denied him because of his membership in the Institut.
Finally, Phillimore J. reviewed the category of a "pecheur public," which was defined in the Ritual by reference to activities such as prostitution and usury. Counsel for the church officials argued that this category was very broad, and could include any activities which the Bishop defined to be public sins. Phillimore J. rejected that interpretation of the Ritual and concluded that while it might be broadened beyond the specific examples of public sinners given in the Ritual, it could not be expanded indefinitely by the Bishop. The Bishop could not unilaterally dispense with the application of the general ecclesiastical law and prohibit ecclesiastical burial of a parishioner on whatever grounds the Bishop personally thought sufficient. Phillimore J. held that there was no indication in the record that the members of the Roman Catholic Church in Quebec had at any time consented to such an expansion of the Bishop's authority. Phillimore J. concluded that Guibord had not been a "pécheur public" as defined by the Ritual and so the church officials did not have the power under their own Ritual to deny him ecclesiastical burial.
In conclusion, Phillimore J. noted that the Committee was not deciding whether the civil courts could order that the burial be accompanied by the usual ecclesiastical rites because Brown had forewent that demand and counsel for the Institut had not requested it in the appeal to the Committee. Instead, the Committee's judgment was that the orders of the Court of Review and Court of Queen's Bench be reversed and that an order issue, requiring the church officials to allow the burial of the deceased in the section of the cemetery reserved for Roman Catholics, upon payment of all the usual fees. The Committee also ordered costs to the Institut in all of the lower courts and the appeal to the Committee, except for the costs of the motion to recuse the judges in the Queen's Bench.
Aftermath
Following the court ruling, two attempts were needed to perform the burial of Guibord's remains in Côte-des-Neiges Cemetery. The first attempt was on 2 September 1875, but the burial party was turned away by an angry crowd. On the second, successful, attempt, on 16 November 1875, the burial party was accompanied by an armed police and military escort, numbering approximately 2,500 men. He was buried in the same plot as the remains of his widow, Henriette Brown. The coffin was encased in a mixture of cement and metal scraps to prevent disinterment by irate Catholics.
Following the burial, Bishop Bourget deconsecrated the ground in which Guibord lay, declaring the place of burial forever "under an interdict and separate from the rest of the cemetery."
Some years after the decision of the Judicial Committee, the Legislature of Quebec responded to the decision by enacting a law which stated that the Catholic church officials had sole authority to determine whether a person could be buried in consecrated ground, effectively changing the law as determined by the Judicial Committee. The law is still in force today, as part of the Burial Act of Quebec.
Analysis
Professor Rainer Knopff argues the Judicial Committee compromised between two decisions of the lower courts: that the religious freedom argument was frivolous on one hand; or that the courts, not being a Catholic leadership, could not rule on whether a burial should be carried out in accordance with religious procedure on the other. The Judicial Committee, conversely, concluded that while the courts were not Catholic leaders, they could uphold the people's rights and Guibord was entitled to a burial in holy ground. However, the Court did not compel other religious ceremonies to be performed because it was not a Catholic institution. Although burial anywhere could theoretically be justified under the law, the Judicial Committee ruled burial in holy ground was appropriate in this case and advised the other ceremonies to be performed. The reasoning was that if Guibord was not buried in holy ground, his reputation would be damaged. As Guibord was a good person, he should not be defamed while a terrible person, on the other hand, probably could be denied religious burial.
The Judicial Committee's decision has been cited in subsequent court decisions. The case has also been referred to recently in a law journal article dealing with a similar issue of the relationship between the civil courts and religious authorities, in the context of civil and Jewish divorces.
References
Judicial Committee of the Privy Council cases on appeal from Canada
Canadian freedom of religion case law
History of Catholicism in Quebec
1874 in Canadian case law | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guibord%20case |
Time Killers is a 1992 weapon-based fighting arcade game developed by Incredible Technologies and published by Strata. Along with Allumer's Blandia, Time Killers is one of the earliest weapon-based fighting games modeled after Capcom's Street Fighter II (1991). It was later overshadowed by the success of SNK's 1993 weapon-based fighting game, Samurai Shodown. In Time Killers, eight warriors from different periods in history face off with each other, and then Death, for a chance at immortality.
A home port for the Sega Genesis was released four years after the arcade version, after having been delayed and even cancelled for a time. It was met with overwhelmingly negative reviews. A port was released in 2021 for the iiRcade home arcade console by BASH Gaming Studio.
Gameplay
Time Killers plays much like Mortal Kombat, with some similarities to Street Fighter II. Rather than the standard layout of punches and kicks of various strengths, a specific button is used to attack with the corresponding body part: left arm, right arm, left leg, right leg, and the head. A stronger attack can be executed by pressing both limb buttons at the same time. The attack buttons involving respective arms and legs are also the basis of BloodStorm as well as Namco Bandai's Tekken series, the 2011 Mortal Kombat game, and Bio F.R.E.A.K.S..
If enough damage is done to an arm, it will be severed from the character's body, rendering it useless in combat. Both arms can be severed in the same round, forcing the character to fight with only legs and head and depriving them of the ability to block or use any weapons. Damage can also be done to the legs, but they cannot be severed.
The player may attempt a "Death Move" by pressing all five buttons at once. If successful, the attack cuts off the opponent's head and ends the round immediately; however, it can be blocked. A "Super Death Move" is also possible, but can only be executed while near a stunned opponent; the player holds the joystick toward the opponent and presses all five buttons, cutting off both arms and the head. Both of these moves differ from the "Fatalities" in Mortal Kombat in that they may be attempted at any time. Severed limbs and heads are restored after each round.
A character can win a round by knocking out the opponent, executing either type of Death Move, or having more health than the opponent when time runs out. Two victories out of three are required to win a match. The player may select any of the eight characters before each match, instead of having to play as the same character throughout the game.
Each of the warriors in the game hails from a different period, bringing their own origins and weapons into the battle. The handbook that was made for the game goes into detail that explains the origins and background of each. A few of the characters are based on historical figures and legends. Defeating all eight warriors allows the player to fight Death in a final match; a victory makes the player's character immortal and ends the game.
Ports
Ports were announced for the Super NES and Genesis/Mega Drive, with an intended release in Spring 1994, but Nintendo had the Super NES version cancelled early that Spring, while the Genesis/Mega Drive version's release date was pushed back. Two months later the Genesis/Mega Drive version was cancelled entirely, even though developer THQ had already completed it. According to a journalist for GamePro, "Reportedly, the game was considered too explicit. It also had a poor test run among reviewers who saw the preview copy."
Nearly two years later, it was announced that the Genesis version would finally be released in July 1996. It was eventually published by Black Pearl in 1996 but sold poorly, due to being cited by most video game magazine critics as having incredibly poor graphics, sound, and playability. In early 1997 a THQ spokesperson stated that all plans for further ports of Time Killers had been cancelled.
Reception
In the United States, Play Meter listed Time Killers as the eighth most-popular arcade game in February 1993. RePlay listed it as the top arcade software conversion kit the same month. According to Ralph Melgosa of Incredible Technologies, Time Killers sold roughly 7,000 units, which for a small company like Incredible Technologies was a major success.
Electronic Gaming Monthly reviewed the Genesis version in 1993, roughly half a year before it was cancelled, and three years before its ultimate release by a different publisher. They gave it a 4.2 out of 10, remarking that "The only remotely redeeming factor of this 'fighting' game is the 'super death moves' where you dismember an opponent. Otherwise, the game play, sound, and technique aren't here." They gave it a second review the following month, in which they lowered the score to 3.5 out of 10 and assessed it as a botched conversion of an already awful arcade game, citing poor graphics, audio, and controls, and generally unappealing gameplay.
Upon the Genesis version's ultimate release in 1996, GamePro criticized that the game was completely unchanged from the 1994 review copy, retaining the same routine gameplay, poor controls, choppy animation, muffled voices, and backgrounds which "look almost 8 bit". Next Generation thoroughly panned it, saying it "lacks any redeeming qualities whatsoever" and "is easily the worst example of a 2D fighting game in history." They echoed GamePros remark that the graphics could be taken for 8-bit, and said the worst aspect of the game is its control scheme.
See also
BloodStorm, a spiritual sequel
References
External links
Time Killers at MobyGames
1992 video games
Arcade video games
Cancelled Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Fighting games
Incredible Technologies games
Mortal Kombat clones
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Sega Genesis games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in the Middle Ages
Video games set in the Viking Age | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20Killers |
Akyaka (; or ; ) is a town in Kars Province in eastern Turkey. It is the seat of Akyaka District. Its population is 2,026 (2022). It is located on Turkey's closed border with Armenia.
The town is populated by Azerbaijanis and Karapapakhs.
Government
Ergüder Toptaş was elected mayor in the local elections in March 2019. Nur Seninç Özbek serves as Kaymakam.
Etymology
The settlement was known as Şuregel () or Kızılçakçak () whilst part of the Russian Empire.
Transport
Akyaka is a border checkpoint on the railway into Armenia, which has been closed since 1993. The route D.060 from Kars runs next to the railway leading to the border.
Demographics
The town—then known as Kızılçakçak—was exclusively Armenian during the Russian Empire whilst it was part of the Kars Okrug of the Kars Oblast. Following the conclusion of the Turkish–Armenian war and Turkey's annexation of the region, Azerbaijanis and Karapapakhs who had fled from Armenia in 1918–1920 settled in Akyaka, replacing the Armenian population which was expelled in 1920.
References
District municipalities in Turkey
Armenia–Turkey border crossings
Akyaka District
Populated places in Kars Province
Karapapakh settlements in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akyaka%2C%20Kars |
Shams ud-Din Kayumars (c. 1285 – 13 June 1290, reigned in 1290) was a son of Muiz ud-Din Qaiqabad, the eleventh sultan of the Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
Life
His father Muiz ud din Qaiqabad is said to have been murdered by a Khalji noble, Jalal ud-Din Firuz Khalji. Khalji assumed the throne after murdering Kayumars, ending the Mamluk dynasty and starting the Khalji dynasty. By that time Qaiqabad was struck down with paralysis and the Turkic nobles had raised his three-year-old son Kayumars to the throne as the Sultan.
See also
Muslim history
History of India
List of Indian monarchs
References
External links
India Through the Ages
The Slave Dynasty
The Khalji Revolution
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Sultans of the Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
Child monarchs from Asia
Monarchs deposed as children
13th century in India
Indian Sunni Muslims
13th-century Indian monarchs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamsuddin%20Kayumars |
Akyazı is a municipality and district of Sakarya Province, Turkey. Its area is 628 km2, and its population is 94,494 (2022). The mayor is Bilal Soykan (AKP).
Composition
There are 76 neighbourhoods in Akyazı District:
Akbalık
Alaağaç
Altındere Cumhuriyet
Altındere Gündoğan
Altındere Osmanağa
Ballıkaya
Batakköy
Bedil Kazancı
Bedilkadirbey
Bediltahirbey
Beldibi
Bıçkıdere
Boztepe
Buğdaylı
Çakıroğlu
Çatalköprü
Çıldırlar
Cumhuriyet
Cumhuriyet (Küçücek)
Dedeler
Dokurcun Çaylar Yeni Mahalle
Dokurcun Çengeller
Dokurcun Kuloğlu
Durmuşlar
Düzyazı
Erdoğdu
Eskibedil
Fatih
G. Süleymanpaşa
Gebeş
Gökçeler
Güvençler
Güzlek
Hanyatak
Harunusta
Hasanbey
Hastane
Haydarlar
İnönü
Kabakulak
Karaçalılık
Kepekli
Kızılcıkorman
Konuralp
Küçücek İstiklal
Kumköprü
Kuzuluk Ortamahalle
Kuzuluk Şose
Kuzuluk Topçusırtı
Madenler
Mansurlar
Merkez Yeniköy
Ömercikler
Osmanbey
Pazarköy
Reşadiye
Salihiye
Şerefiye
Seyfeler
Sukenarı
Taşağıl
Taşburun
Taşyatak
Topağaç
Türkormanköy
Uzunçınar
Vakıf
Yağcılar
Yahyalı
Yeni
Yenidoğan
Yeniorman
Yongalık
Yörükyeri
Yunusemre
Yuvalık
Electrocution incident
On 23 June 2017, five people died of electrocution after a swimming pool at a water park in Akyazı became electrified. Three children aged 12, 15 and 17 were the first to be electrocuted. The park's manager Mehmet Kaya, 58, and his son Kadir Kaya, 30, dived in to save them but were also seriously injured. The five victims died in hospital; another person was seriously injured during the incident and was taken to hospital.
Notable people
Sofuoğlu family, three champion motorcycle racers
References
External links
Akyazı Haber
Sakarya Haber
Populated places in Sakarya Province
Districts of Sakarya Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akyaz%C4%B1 |
Telephone numbers in Macau are eight-digit numbers. Fixed land line numbers start with 28, while mobile (cellular) phone numbers start with 6. Calls from Macau to mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Portugal are treated as international calls.
The telephone number for emergency services – Police, Fire Service and Ambulance – is 999 for all telephone lines. In addition to 999, two more emergency hotline numbers 110 (mainly for tourists from mainland China) and 112 (mainly for tourists from overseas) can be dialed, however calls made to 110 and 112 are redirected to the 999 call centre. 993 is used for the reporting of serious crimes to Polícia Judiciária (Judiciary Police) for investigation, use this hotline for organised crime reporting, gambling crimes, homicide and drug transport.
Government regulator
Prior to 1999 telephone regulation was under the Direcção dos Serviços de Correios e Telecomunicações (CTT) or Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones under the Secretary for Transport and Public Works.
Since 1999 telephone numbers are under the responsibility of the Direcção dos Serviços de Regulação de Telecomunicações (DSRT) or Bureau of Telecommunications Regulation under the Secretariat for Transport and Public Works.
Numbering scheme and format
28xx xxxx - Residential/Business/Government (fixed line)
6xxx xxxx - Cellular/Mobile phones
8xxx xxxx - Business/Government (fixed line)
Telecom operators
(Fixed line and mobile) – Companhia Telecomunicações de Macau, S.A.R.L. (CTM)
(Mobile) – Hutchison Telephone (Macau) Co. Ltd
(Mobile) – SmarTone Mobile Communications (Macau) Co. Ltd
(Mobile) – China Telecom (Macau) Co. Ltd
See also
Telecommunications in Macau
Telephone numbers in Hong Kong
Telephone numbering plan
References
Direcção dos Serviços de Regulação de Telecomunicações (DSRT)
ITU allocation data
Macau
Communications in Macau
Macau-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone%20numbers%20in%20Macau |
Akyurt, formerly Ravlı, is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 369 km2, and its population is 40,625 (2022). Its elevation is .
Akyurt is an industrial area about 30 km from the city centre, near Ankara Esenboğa International Airport, on the road from Ankara to Çankırı. Factories in the district include Mikes, and a plant of the electronics company ASELSAN. There are over 40,000 residents, including many recent migrants from Çankırı, Çorum and Kastamonu.
Composition
There are 26 neighbourhoods in Akyurt District:
Ahmetadil
Atatürk
Balıkhisar
Beyazıt
Büğdüz
Çamköy
Çardakbağı
Çınar
Cücük
Elecik
Güzelhisar
Haydar
Kalaba
Karacakaya
Karacalar
Karayatak
Kızık
Kozayağı
Samut
Saracalar
Şeyhler
Teberik
Timurhan
Uzunlar
Yeşiltepe
Yıldırım
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Populated places in Ankara Province
Districts of Ankara Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akyurt |
The Lamborghini Bravo is a concept car designed by Marcello Gandini at Bertone for Lamborghini. It was first presented in 1974 at the Turin Auto Show.
The Bravo was designed to showcase ideas for a replacement to the Urraco. The completely working prototype was built on a Urraco chassis, with the wheelbase shortened by 175mm, and featured a 3.0L V8 that powered the rear wheels, undergoing nearly of testing before it was placed in the Bertone museum. It was never put into production, but many styling features were inspired by the Countach, including the angular features and the window arrangement.
The Bravo was sold at auction for €588,000 on 21 May 2011. The Bravo has had several different paints, first a pearlescent yellow, then green, followed by champagne and lastly white. These colour changes have led to incorrect speculation that multiple cars were produced, but official sources confirm only one was made.
References
Bravo
Bertone concept vehicles
Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamborghini%20Bravo |
Rosenbergite is a mineral with the chemical formula AlF3·3H2O. It is a trihydrate of aluminium fluoride.
It is colorless. Its crystals are tetragonal to dipyramidal. It is named after Philip E. Rosenberg, a United States geochemist. It is found in the Celtine Mine in Tuscany, Italy and Mount Erebus, Ross Island, Antarctica. It is not radioactive. Rosenbergite is rated 3–3.5 on the Mohs Scale.
References
External links
Webmineral - Rosenbergite
Mindat.org - Rosenbergite
Handbook of Mineralogy - Rosenbergite
Aluminium minerals
Fluorine minerals
Tetragonal minerals
Minerals in space group 85 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenbergite |
Alaca is a town in Çorum Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is located from the city of Çorum, on a road from the Black Sea coast to central Anatolia. It is the seat of Alaca District. Its population is 19,510 (2022).
The ancient Hittite settlement of Alaca Höyük is located in Alaca District.
Demographics
Ethnic groups
Alaca had 400 Armenians on the eve of the First World War. Males were massacred during the Armenian genocide.
Population
References
External links
Municipality's official website
AlacaNET.com - City Web Portal
Populated places in Çorum Province
Alaca District
District municipalities in Turkey
Former Armenian communities in Çorum Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaca%2C%20%C3%87orum |
Alaçam is a municipality and district of Samsun Province, Turkey. Its area is 598 km2, and its population is 24,647 (2022). Scholars believe that Alaçam is the site of the ancient city of Zaliche or Zaliches.
History
Alaçam has a long history. It has been held by Phrygian, Cimmerians, Lydians and Persians before the area was taken by Alexander the Great. The Pontus Kingdom came in the 1st century BC which was in turn annexed by the Roman Empire. After the division of the Roman Empire, the Byzantines called the town Zalikus.
The Seljuk named the town Uluköy, until 1385 when it was briefly part of the Candaroğulları Beyliği rump state and it took the name of the Alaçam county. The name Alaçam means spruce from the pine trees endemic to the area. Then in 1398 Alaçam entered the Ottoman empire, becoming a Turkish town after World War I.
Economy
Alaçam County's economy relies mainly on agriculture and animal husbandry. Like most of the region Tobacco is the leading agricultural product. In addition to this wheat, rice, corn and nuts production will follow. It also has some raising fruits and vegetables. being on the Black Sea coast fishing is also done. In animal husbandry and livestock farming is carried out. Approximately 6200 farmers engaged in tobacco farming.
Composition
There are 65 neighbourhoods in Alaçam District:
Akbulut
Akgüney
Alidedebölmesi
Alpaslan
Aşağıakgüney
Aşağıısırganlı
Aşağıkoçlu
Bahşioymağı
Bekiroğlu
Çeşme
Demircideresi
Doğankent
Doyran
Esentepe
Etyemez
Fatih
Göçkün
Gökçeağaçoymağı
Gökçeboğaz
Gülkaya
Gültepe
Gümüşova
Güvenli
Habilli
Harmancık
İncirli
Kadıköy
Kalıkdemirci
Kapaklı
Karaçukur
Karahüseyinli
Karlı
Karşıyaka
Killik
Kışlakonak
Kızlan
Köseköy
Madenler
Örenli
Ortaköy
Pelitbükü
Pelitbüküsekicek
Sancar
Sarılık
Şirinköy
Soğukçam
Taşkelik
Tefekli
Tepebölmesi
Terskırık
Toplu
Umutlu
Uzunkıraç
Vicikler
Yakacık
Yenicami
Yenice
Yeniköy
Yeşilköy
Yoğunpelit
Yukarıelma
Yukarıısırganlı
Yukarıkoçlu
Yukarısoğukçam
Zeytinköy
Attractions
Alaçam is known for its natural environment. 2km north of the town by the Black Sea beaches are groves of sycamore and poplar trees which take their name from Geyikkoşan Baba's Tomb said to be in the woods. This is both as a picnic area and is a place to swim.
In the south of the town at an altitude of 1,500 m is the Dürtmen Yaylası Plateau, which is also a recreational area. A portion of the Kızılırmak River delta is within the boundaries of the district.
On May 6 the Hidirellez Festival are held annually. This festival sees national amateur wrestlers competitions. It is said that the origin of the festival is based on a 600-year legend according to which an Arab army commander position gave beef portions to the poor people of the town. The plateau is a place where people living in Alaçam come at leisure. Tourists can stay here.
References
External links
Alaçam photos
Alaçam Municipality
Populated places in Samsun Province
Districts of Samsun Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala%C3%A7am |
Aladağ, formerly Karsantı, is a municipality and district of Adana Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,340 km2, and its population is 15,897 (2022). It is about 100 km north of the city of Adana, up in the mountains. This is an undeveloped area, the people live from agriculture and forestry. People from the Çukurova retreat up here in the summer to escape the heat on the plain, although it's too high up for a day trip.
The Aladağlar mountains are an eastern extension of the Taurus Mountains. These high mountains are a popular area for climbing, usually accessed from the north through the town of Niğde. The town of Aladağ sits on their southern side, accessed by road up from Adana. Approximately 9 kilometers from the settlement of Karsantı / Aladağ is Meydan Kalesi, an impressive castle and chapel constructed during the period of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. This fortresses has three baileys, an array of rounded towers, and a ceremonial hall whose decorations included carved capitals. The fortification was surveyed in 1974 and 1979.
Composition
There are 31 neighbourhoods in Aladağ District:
Akören
Akpınar
Başpınar
Boztahta
Büyüksofulu
Ceritler
Darılık
Dayılar
Dölekli
Ebrişim
Eğner
Gerdibi
Gireğiyeniköy
Gökçe
Kabasakal
Karahan
Kıcak
Kışlak
Kızıldam
Kökez
Köprücük
Küp
Madenli
Mansurlu
Mazılık
Posyağbasan
Sinanpaşa
Topallı
Uzunkuyu
Yetimli
Yüksekören
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Miscellaneous images of Aladağ
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Populated places in Adana Province
Districts of Adana Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alada%C4%9F%2C%20Adana |
Cynthia Lee Nelson (born August 19, 1955) is former World Cup alpine ski racer from the United States.
Racing career
Born and raised in Lutsen in northeastern Minnesota, Nelson's family ran the local ski area and she was on skis before the age of three. She raced in all five alpine disciplines, with a focus on downhill, and was on the World Cup squad of the U.S. Ski Team at age 16. Nelson won the silver medal in the downhill at the 1982 World Championships and was the bronze medalist in the downhill at the 1976 Winter Olympics.
During her first World Cup season, she had two top-15 finishes in downhill as the 1972 Winter Olympics neared. She was expected to make the U.S. Olympic team, but dislocated a hip in a downhill at Grindelwald on January 18, two weeks before the games began. She missed those Winter Olympics but competed in 1976, 1980, and 1984. Two years after her hip injury she won her first World Cup race back at Grindelwald in 1974, the first-ever American to gain a World Cup victory in downhill. Nelson's only victory in a World Cup giant slalom was also her only win in North America, in the rain at Whistler, British Columbia. She retired from international competition after the 1985 season with six World Cup wins, 26 podiums, and 123 top ten finishes.
World Cup results
Season standings
Race victories
6 wins – (3 DH, 1 SG, 1 GS, 1 K)
23 podiums – (15 DH, 1 SG, 4 GS, 1 SL, 1 K)
Nelson also won an unofficial Super-G race on March 23, 1982, a test event in San Sicario, Italy.
World Championship results
From 1948 through 1980, the Winter Olympics were also the World Championships for alpine skiing.
At the World Championships from 1954 through 1980, the combined was a "paper race" using the results of the three events (DH, GS, SL).
Olympic results
Other
In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Nelson's name and picture.
References
External links
Cindy Nelson World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation
1955 births
Living people
American female alpine skiers
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in alpine skiing
Medalists at the 1976 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1976 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1984 Winter Olympics
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cindy%20Nelson |
The range of area codes 700–799 in Mexico is reserved for the states of Guerrero, Mexico, Michoacán, Hidalgo, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Tlaxcala and Veracruz.
(For other areas, see Area codes in Mexico by code).
7 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20codes%20in%20Mexico%20by%20code%20%28700-799%29 |
Aliağa is a municipality and district of İzmir Province, Turkey. Its area is 379 km2, and its population is 104,828 (2022). The town is situated at about north of Izmir. Aliağa has a large port, mainly for oil and bulk cargo. Its economic activity is based on tourism, shipbreaking, and an oil refinery.
Overview and history
Aliağa lies in the heart of ancient Aeolia. The town was named after a member of the influential Karaosmanoğulları ayan family, Karaosmanoğlu Ali Ağa, who owned an estate here. It was a township in Menemen district in 1937 and became a municipality in 1952. It finally separated from Menemen and became a district on 21 January 1982.
The remains of the ancient city of Myrina are within the boundaries of the district, located at about fifteen km north of Aliağa centre. Another ancient site is the yet unexplored Gryneion, near Şakran township on the peninsula, to the south of the center town, also at a distance of . Visitors also often use the road from Aliağa to visit the remains of Aigai in Yuntdağı in Manisa Province.
In 2021, a monastery and floor mosaic have been found during an illegal excavation. Archaeologists believe that the monastery was used in the 4th century to the 14th century.
Composition
There are 30 neighbourhoods in Aliağa District:
Aşağışakran
Atatürk
Bahçedere
Barbaros Hayrettin Paşa
Bozköy
Çakmaklı
Çaltılıdere
Çıtak
Çoraklar
Fatih
Güzelhisar
Hacıömerli
Horozgediği
Kalabak
Kapıkaya
Karaköy
Karakuzu
Kazım Dirik
Kültür
Kurtuluş
Mimar Sinan
Samurlu
Şehitkemal
Siteler
Uzunhasanlar
Yalı
Yeni
Yenişakran
Yukarışehitkemal
Yüksekköy
Economy and geography
The D.550 roadway runs through the city, between Muğla-Edirne and also to İzmir. Aliağa is also connected to İzmir by İZBAN, a commuter railway operating around İzmir. İZBAN operates 15 daily trains from Aliağa Railway Station to Alsancak Terminal in İzmir. ESHOT operates the 740 bus line to İzmir as well.
Ship-breaking
There are several facilities for dismantling and scrapping ships.
The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic sped up the process of ship recycling because owners of idled cruise ships looked to stem the red ink.
Gallery
See also
Petkim
Aigai (Aeolis)
Egegaz Aliağa LNG Storage Facility
Kyme
Gryneion
References
Populated coastal places in Turkey
Aegean Sea port cities and towns in Turkey
Populated places in İzmir Province
Fishing communities in Turkey
Ship breaking
Districts of İzmir Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alia%C4%9Fa |
{{Infobox television station
| callsign = WRDM-CD
| city = Hartford, Connecticut
| logo = TelemundoCT2018.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| logo_alt = WRDM logo
| branding = Noticiero Telemundo Nueva Inglaterra(newscasts)
| digital = 31 (UHF)(shared with WVIT)
| virtual = 19
| translators =
| affiliations = 19.1: Telemundo19.2: TeleXitos
| founded = 1985
| airdate =
| location =
| country = United States
| callsign_meaning = Ruzzier, DAgostino, Minniti (former owners)
| owner = (Comcast/NBCUniversal)
| licensee = NBC Telemundo License LLC
| operator =
| sister_stations = {{nowrap|(Merrimack/Nashua, NH/Boston)WYCN-LD & WRIW-CD(Providence, RI)}}
| former_callsigns = W13BF (1985–1995)WRDM-LP (1995–2008)WRDM-CA (2008–2013)
| former_affiliations = All secondary:Rai Internazionale Americas (1986–2001)TVP Polonia (per program, 1993–2001)Jewelry Television (overnights, ≈2001–2018)
| former_channel_numbers = Analog:13 (VHF, 1986–2006)50 (UHF, 2006–2013)Digital:19 (UHF, 2013–2018)50 (PSIP, 2013–2018)35 (UHF, 2018–2019)
| erp = 374 kW
| haat =
| facility_id = 10153
| coordinates =
| licensing_authority = FCC
| website =
| embed_header = Translator
| embedded =
}}
WRDM-CD (channel 19) is a television station licensed to Hartford, Connecticut, United States, serving as the Hartford–New Haven market's outlet for the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is owned and operated by NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group alongside NBC outlet WVIT (channel 30). Both stations share studios on New Britain Avenue in West Hartford and transmitter facilities on Rattlesnake Mountain in Farmington, Connecticut. Despite WRDM-CD legally holding a low-power Class A license, it transmits using WVIT's full-power spectrum. This ensures complete reception across the Hartford–New Haven market.
WDMR-LD (channel 14) in Springfield, Massachusetts, operates as a translator of WRDM, serving the Pioneer Valley. This station's transmitter is located on Provin Mountain in the Feeding Hills section of Agawam, Massachusetts.
History
WRDM-CD signed on June 14, 1986; it claims to be the first Spanish-language television station in New England. The station initially operated on channel 13 under the call letters W13BF. On June 13, 1991, the station added a simulcast in Springfield, W65BX (channel 65). Initially, in addition to Telemundo programming, W13BF and W65BX aired programming in Italian from public broadcaster Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI)'s international service, with additional programming in Greek and Polish. The television stations were joined by radio station WRDM (1550 AM, now WSDK) in 1993; on September 1, 1995, W13BF changed its call letters to WRDM-LP, and W65BX became WDMR-LP. WRDM radio was sold off in 1998. During the late 1990s, WDMR-LP's schedule also included English-language Boston Red Sox telecasts produced by Boston's WABU (now Ion Television owned-and-operated station WBPX-TV). By 1997, WRDM-LP's programming was simulcast in New Haven on W10BQ (channel 10, now defunct) and in Hartford on W11BJ (channel 11, now WFXQ-CD channel 28 in Springfield).
Original owner Channel 13 Television sold WRDM-LP and WDMR-LP to ZGS Communications on March 27, 2001. In January 2006, WRDM-LP moved to channel 50; WDMR-LP moved to channel 51 that November. WRDM became a class A station as WRDM-CA on May 7, 2008. On November 15, 2012, WDMR flash cut from analog to digital as WDMR-LD; on January 7, 2013, WRDM followed suit and became WRDM-CD. WDMR-LD now serves as a complete simulcast of WRDM-CD.
On December 4, 2017, NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group announced its purchase of ZGS' 13 television stations, including WRDM-CD and WDMR-LD. The sale was completed on February 1, 2018. The deal made WRDM a sister station to NBC owned-and-operated station WVIT (channel 30), along with WNBC (channel 4) and WNJU (channel 47) to the southwest in New York City, and WBTS-LD (channel 8), WYCN-CD (channel 15) and WNEU (channel 60) to the northeast in Boston. WVIT began operating WRDM under a local marketing agreement on January 1, 2018 from WVIT's studios in West Hartford; WRDM later entered into a channel sharing agreement with WVIT. ZGS had sold WRDM's spectrum in the FCC's incentive auction for $10,574,516 and indicated that the station would enter into a post-auction channel sharing agreement. One immediate effect of the sale was the end of a brokered programming arrangement to carry English language Jewelry TV programming in overnights for Telemundo's regular overnight schedule, along with the addition of a Connecticut-specific part of the website for WNEU in place of the former WRDM website.
Newscasts
WRDM-LP began producing a newscast in April 1998; at the outset, Noticiero 13 primarily featured reports from Puerto Rico and Latin America, with local news coverage being added in June 1999. The station's news operation was discontinued in the early 2000s; WRDM then began carrying Telenoticias Puerto Rico'' from WKAQ-TV in San Juan.
On December 15, 2017, NBCUniversal announced that, following its acquisition of WRDM-CD, the station (along with WDMR-LD) would begin simulcasting the newscasts of Boston sister station WNEU; the newscasts will include news from Connecticut and western Massachusetts from a reporter based at WRDM's facilities at the WVIT studios in West Hartford.
Technical information
Subchannels
The stations' digital signals are multiplexed:
WDMR-LD also broadcasts the NBC national services Lx and Oxygen, which are carried by WVIT as subchannels 30.3 and 30.4.
Spectrum auction repack
On August 2, 2019, WVIT and WRDM-CD were switched from RF 35 to RF 31.
References
External links
Telemundo Station Group
RDM-CD
RDM-CD
Television channels and stations established in 1986
1986 establishments in Connecticut
TeleXitos affiliates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRDM-CD |
Alexa Loo (born October 6, 1972) is a Canadian athlete, accountant and politician, serving as city councillor for Richmond, British Columbia since 2014. As a snowboarder, she competed in the parallel giant slalom at the 2006 and 2010 Winter Olympics.
Early life and family
Loo was born in Vancouver and raised in the adjacent city of Richmond, British Columbia. Her father is Chinese-Canadian, and her mother is of French-English ancestry. She attended the University of British Columbia, where she competed as both a rower and swimmer for the Thunderbirds. After graduating with a bachelor of commerce degree in 1994, she joined accounting firm KPMG, eventually gaining the chartered accountant designation.
Loo married Ari Goosen shortly after the 2010 Winter Olympics; the couple has two sons.
Snowboarding career
She began snowboarding at 15 years old, and joined a racing club in 1995. By the 2000s, she was coached by Mark Fawcett; she also counted Jasey-Jay Anderson among her mentors.
In 2006 she won a bronze medal in the woman's parallel giant slalom (PGS) at the World Cup in Plan de Corones, Italy, becoming the first Canadian woman to earn a World Cup medal in alpine snowboarding. At that year's Winter Olympics in Turin, she finished 20th overall in the women's PGS qualifying runs.
After finishing 12th in women's PGS at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, she announced her retirement from competitive snowboarding in July that year.
Other career highlights include:
Finished ninth in PGS at the World Cup Lac Beauport, Quebec.
Gold medalist in PGS at the Nor Am Cup in Copper Mountain (Colorado).
Eighth in PGS at the 2005 World Cup, Tandadalen, Sweden.
16th in PGS at the 2005 World Cup in Sapporo-Makomanai, Japan.
17th in PGS at the 2005 World Cup in Bardonecchia, Italy.
Silver medalist in parallel slalom at the 2005 NorAm Cup PSL, Sun Peaks, British Columbia.
14th in PGS at the 2004 World Cup, Soelden, Austria.
Loo served as the athlete representative to the International Ski Federation (FIS) and for many years sat on the board of directors of AthletesCAN - the association of Canada's national team athletes.
Politics
Loo ran for Richmond City Council for the first time in the 2011 municipal election; she finished in 11th place and was not elected. She ran again in the 2014 municipal election as an independent candidate, this time winning a council seat by finishing eighth overall. She was re-elected for a second term in 2018.
In September 2020, Loo became the British Columbia Liberal Party candidate for the riding of Richmond South Centre, in a bid to replace retiring member of the Legislative Assembly Linda Reid. In the October 24, 2020 provincial election, she lost to New Democratic Party candidate Henry Yao by a margin of 179 votes.
She was re-elected to Richmond City Council for a third term in 2022, this time running as a candidate for ONE Richmond.
Electoral history
Provincial elections
Municipal elections
Top 8 candidates elected — Incumbents marked with "(X)". Elected members' names are in bold
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Sportspeople from British Columbia
Canadian female snowboarders
Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Richmond, British Columbia city councillors
Canadian accountants
Canadian women accountants
Olympic snowboarders for Canada
Canadian sportspeople of Chinese descent
Canadian people of Chinese descent
21st-century Canadian women politicians
Women in British Columbia politics
Women municipal councillors in Canada
University of British Columbia alumni
UBC Thunderbirds swimmers
Canadian sportsperson-politicians
BC United candidates in British Columbia provincial elections | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexa%20Loo |
Alpu (also: Alpıköy) is a municipality and district of Eskişehir Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,028 km2, and its population is 9,966 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
Composition
There are 33 neighbourhoods in Alpu District:
Ağaçhisar
Aktepe
Alapınar
Arıkaya
Bahçecik
Başören
Belkese
Bozan
Büğdüz
Çardakbaşı
Çerkez Çukurhisar
Dereköy
Esence
Fatih
Fevzi Paşa
Fevziye
Gökçekaya
Gökçeoğlu
Güroluk
Işıkören
Karacaören
Karakamış
Kemalpaşa
Koşmat
Mamure
Osmaniye
Özdenk
Sakarıkaracaören
Sarıkavak
Söğütçük
Uyuzhamamköyü
Yeşildon
Yunusemre
References
External links
District municipality's official website
Map of Alpu district
Populated places in Eskişehir Province
Districts of Eskişehir Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpu |
Florida keratopathy, also known as Florida spots, is an eye condition characterized by the presence of multiple spots within both corneas. It is most commonly seen in dogs and cats, but is also rarely seen in horses and birds. The disease is found in the southeastern parts of the United States. In other parts of the world it is confined to tropics and subtropics, and it is known as tropical keratopathy.
Florida keratopathy appears as multiple cloudy opacities in the stromal layer of the cornea. The spots appear concentrated at the center and become more diffuse at the periphery. They can range in size from one to eight millimeters. There are no other symptoms, and there is no response to treatment with either anti-inflammatory or antimicrobial drugs. Histological analysis of affected corneas has found acid-fast staining organisms, suggesting Florida keratopathy may be caused by a type of mycobacterium. The disease may be induced by repeated stings to the eyes by the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata.
References
Dog diseases
Cat diseases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida%20keratopathy |
Altındağ is a municipality and district of Ankara Province, Turkey. Its area is 123 km2, and its population is 413,994 (2022). It covers the northeastern part of the city of Ankara. Its elevation is .
Demographics
Neighbourhoods
There are 26 neighbourhoods in Altındağ District:
Atıfbey
Aydıncık
Aydınlıkevler
Baraj
Başpınar
Battalgazi
Beşikkaya
Doğantepe
Feridun Çelik
Gicik
Gültepe
Güneşevler
Hacettepe
Hacı Bayram
Kale
Karacaören
Karapürçek
Kavaklı
Önder
Örnek
Peçenek
Solfasol
Tatlar
Ulubey
Yıldıztepe
Zübeyde Hanım
Geography
Located just outside the city centre, (beyond the district of Ulus as far as the large Altınpark), this hillside has long been home to the workers in the city of Ankara but Altındağ remains one of the poorer quarters of the capital. The hillside is covered with illegally built gecekondu housing, home to low-income families. Among the housing there are some municipal buildings, public housing, state housing for civil servants and many car-repair workshops.
The ancient Ankara Castle is in Altındağ and there has recently been investment in restoration work. With this architectural heritage, Altındağ is a member of the Norwich-based European Association of Historic Towns and Regions.
History
Altındağ includes parts of the historic city of Ankara, as well as the first National Assembly in which Republic of Turkey was founded is in Ulus.
Altındağ was the location of one of the first gecekondu developments in Turkey, when in the 1950s and 1960s people illegally built small, one-bedroom houses on small plots of land; then in the 1970s and 1980s these plots of land were made legal through amnesty legislation, and eventually sold to developers who replaced these shacks with larger, multi-story apartment buildings.
Prominent neighbourhoods
Aydınlıkevler - a quiet residential neighbourhood of civil servants and other members of Ankara's middle class; centred on an avenue of schools, banks and shops; contains the SSK teaching hospital, a military officers housing compound, the headquarters of Türk Telekom, Ankara University's faculty of agriculture and Altınpark.
Hacı Bayram - home to one of the oldest mosques in Ankara, the mosque and tomb of the 14th-century Ankara-born mystic Haci Bayram Veli, famous for prophesying the conquest of Constantinople, and then founding his own Sufi sect. The district has recently been renovated by urban planner Raci Bademli.
Places of interest
Altınpark - A large park, formerly a golf course, noted for its statue of a loaf of bread at the entrance; contains a fairground, go-karting, ice-skating, large pools for boating and fishing, the Feza Gürsey Science Center, and much more.
Çamlık - view of the city from the hill
Ankara Castle (kale) - the hilltop heart of the old city of Ankara, built by the Galatians and the Byzantines, now surrounded with antique shops, coffee houses and bar/restaurants in restored Ottoman-period wooden houses, where traditional Turkish music (fasıl) is played late into the evening. One of Ankara's few historical sites.
Karapürçek - location of Ankara's annual oil-wrestling tournament.
Ulucanlar Prison Museum
References
External links
Altındağ Haberleri
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Populated places in Ankara Province
Districts of Ankara Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C4%B1nda%C4%9F |
Robert Allen Ryan (born December 13, 1962) is an American football coach who is currently the senior defensive assistant for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). Ryan has served as a defensive coordinator or assistant coach for seven different NFL teams. He was the linebackers coach for the New England Patriots when they won both Super Bowl XXXVI and Super Bowl XXXVIII. Ryan is the son of Buddy Ryan and the twin brother of Rex Ryan.
Early life and playing career
When his parents, Doris and Buddy Ryan, divorced in 1966, Rob and his fraternal twin, Rex, moved with Doris to Toronto. In 1974, they moved back to the United States to live with their father. He attended Stevenson High School in Lincolnshire, Illinois.
Rob played defensive end opposite his brother, Rex, at Southwestern Oklahoma State University.
Coaching career
Early career
Ryan was a graduate assistant at Western Kentucky in 1987. Then in 1988, he was an assistant coach at Ohio State. He then spent five seasons at Tennessee State, where he coached running backs (1989–91), wide receivers (1992) and the defensive line (1993).
Arizona Cardinals
Ryan first entered the NFL coaching ranks in 1994 as defensive backs coach on his father's staff for the Arizona Cardinals. He also coached Cardinals cornerbacks and safeties in 1995. With Ryan as his position coach, cornerback Aeneas Williams earned two trips to the Pro Bowl in 1994 and 1995. In 1995, the Cardinals led the NFL with 32 interceptions and 42 total takeaways. The 1994 Cardinals ranked second in the NFL total defense, second in run defense and third in pass defense.
Hutchinson Community College
After being fired by the Arizona Cardinals, Ryan served as defensive coordinator at Hutchinson Community College in 1996. Ryan's defense led the nation in total defense (228 yards-per-game) and in sacks (56). They also set a national record by forcing 49 turnovers.
Oklahoma State University
In 1997, Ryan became the defensive coordinator at Oklahoma State. While at Oklahoma State, the Cowboys defense continually ranked among the best in the nation, also he was named Coordinator of the Year by The Sporting News in 1997.
In 1999, they were ranked 10th in the nation in total defense. In 1998, they were second in the nation with 41 sacks. In his first season at Oklahoma State, the Cowboys defense finished among the nation top-20 in turnover margin, rushing defense, scoring defense, and total defense, allowing just 302.7 yards-per-game. It was an over 100-yard improvement per game from the year before and helped the Cowboys produce an 8–4 mark and capping the 1997 season with a berth in the Alamo Bowl.
New England Patriots
Prior to the 2000 season, new Patriots coach Bill Belichick hired Ryan to serve as the linebackers coach for the New England Patriots, where he spent the next four seasons. In 2003, the Patriots ranked first in the NFL in points allowed with 238, while ranking seventh overall in the NFL in total defense. Ryan's unit also contributed to one of the best scoring defenses in franchise history in 2001, as the Patriots allowed just 17 points-per-game and produced Pro Bowlers Willie McGinest and Tedy Bruschi. During his tenure the Patriots won Super Bowl XXXVI over the St. Louis Rams and Super Bowl XXXVIII over the Carolina Panthers.
Oakland Raiders
Ryan was hired as the defensive coordinator for the Oakland Raiders prior to the 2004 season. In his first season, the Raiders defense ranked 31st in the league, averaging 27.6 points allowed per game. The defense improved in his second season, averaging 23.9 points a game, and moving to 25th in the league. In 2006, the Raiders ranked third in yards-per-game but 18th in points-per-game. In 2007, the Raiders defense ranked 22nd in yards- and 26th in points-per game. In 2008, Ryan's defense ranked 24th with 388 points allowed.
Cleveland Browns
Eric Mangini named Ryan as defensive coordinator of the Cleveland Browns on January 14, 2009. In his first season in Cleveland, Ryan's defense ranked 21st in the league, with 375 points against, as teams averaged 23.4 points per game against them. In 2010, the Browns were 13th in the league with 332 points allowed.
Dallas Cowboys
Ryan was officially named the Dallas Cowboys defensive coordinator on January 19, 2011. In his first season, the Cowboys were ranked 14th in yards-per-game and 16th in points-per-game. In 2012 Dallas was ranked 19th in yards-per-game and 24th in points-per-game while only ranking 16th in sacks. On January 8, 2013, the Cowboys ended Ryan's employment with the franchise.
New Orleans Saints
In January 2013, Ryan agreed to become the defensive coordinator for the St. Louis Rams, but resigned less than five days later. In February 2013, Ryan was hired as the New Orleans Saints defensive coordinator, implementing a 3–4 defense to the team and scrapping their previous 4–3 defense. Ryan's defense finished well statistically in 2013, including fourth in fewest points-per-game and second for fewest passing yards allowed. The following year, 2014, New Orleans was near the bottom of the league in most defensive categories.
On November 16, 2015, the day after a 47–14 loss to the Washington Redskins, and with New Orleans' defense ranked last in the NFL, Ryan was fired. New Orleans defensive assistant coach Dennis Allen was appointed defensive coordinator following Ryan's dismissal.
Buffalo Bills
On January 10, 2016, the Bills announced that Ryan would be joining his brother's staff with the Buffalo Bills as assistant head coach. Under Ryan, the Bills started out 0–2, then won four straight games, including a 16–0 shutout of the New England Patriots, the first time that the Bills kept the Patriots scoreless at Gillette Stadium. The Bills entered the bye week at 4–5, then beat the Bengals and Jaguars to climb to 6-5 through week 12. They ranked 12th in the league as of week 13.
On December 27, 2016, the Bills announced they had fired Rob Ryan along with his brother Rex.
Washington Redskins
On January 30, 2019, Ryan was hired by the Washington Redskins as their inside linebackers coach. On January 5, 2020, the team announced that incoming head coach Ron Rivera had replaced Ryan with Steve Russ.
Baltimore Ravens
On January 22, 2021, Ryan was hired by the Baltimore Ravens as their inside linebackers coach under defensive coordinator Don Martindale and head coach John Harbaugh. On February 3, 2022, after only one season, Ryan and the Ravens parted ways.
Las Vegas Raiders
On February 12, 2022, Ryan was hired by the Raiders for a second time, this time as a senior defensive assistant under new defensive coordinator Patrick Graham and under new head coach Josh McDaniels. Ryan and McDaniels previously served as assistant coaches for the New England Patriots under head coach Bill Belichick from 2001 to 2003.
Broadcasting
In September 2017, Ryan was hired by Fox Sports to host a radio show with Mark Willard. In 2018, Ryan became a weekly analyst of Sky Sports' NFL coverage in the UK and Ireland.
Personal life
Ryan is married to Kristen Ryan and the couple have three children. In 2012, following in the footsteps of his brother, Ryan had lap band surgery in an attempt to lose weight. The procedure failed.
References
External links
Washington Redskins profile
1962 births
Living people
American football defensive ends
Arizona Cardinals coaches
Buffalo Bills coaches
Cleveland Browns coaches
Dallas Cowboys coaches
Hutchinson Blue Dragons football coaches
National Football League defensive coordinators
New England Patriots coaches
Oakland Raiders coaches
Ohio State Buckeyes football coaches
Oklahoma State Cowboys football coaches
Southwestern Oklahoma State Bulldogs football players
Tennessee State Tigers football coaches
Washington Redskins coaches
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football coaches
People from Ardmore, Oklahoma
People from Lincolnshire, Illinois
Players of American football from Illinois
Sportspeople from Toronto
American twins
Baltimore Ravens coaches
Las Vegas Raiders coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%20Ryan |
Altınekin is a municipality and district of Konya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,312 km2, and its population is 14,289 (2022).
Composition
There are 19 neighbourhoods in Altınekin District:
Akçaşar
Akıncılar
Akköy
Ayışığı
Borukkuyu
Dedeler
Hacınuman
Kale
Karakaya
Koçaş
Koçyaka
Mantar
Oğuzeli
Ölmez
Sarnıçköy
Topraklık
Yenice
Yenikuyu
Yeniyayla
References
External links
District governor's official website
District municipality's official website
Populated places in Konya Province
Districts of Konya Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Lycaonia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C4%B1nekin |
This is a list of militia units of the Colony and later Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massachusetts (1638)
Cogswell's Regiment of Militia (April 19, 1775)
Woodbridge's Regiment of Militia (April 20, 1775)
Simonds' Regiment of Militia (1776)
Sparhawk's Regiment of Militia (1776)
Ashley's Regiment of Militia (July, 1777)
Gill's Regiment of Militia (August 12, 1777)
Johnson's Regiment of Militia (August 14, 1777)
Storer's Regiment of Militia (August 14, 1777)
Bullards' Regiment of Militia (August 16, 1777)
Cushing's Regiment of Militia (August 16, 1777)
May's Regiment of Militia (September 20, 1777)
Wells' Regiment of Militia (September 22, 1777)
Wright's Regiment of Militia (September 22, 1777)
Holman's Regiment of Militia (September 26, 1777)
Reed's Regiment of Militia (September 27, 1777)
Gage's Regiment of Militia (October 2, 1777)
Whitney's Regiment of Militia (October 2, 1777)
See also
Minutemen
Massachusetts National Guard
Massachusetts Naval Militia
Massachusetts State Defense Force
List of Massachusetts Civil War units
List of United States militia units in the American Revolutionary War
References
External links
Massachusetts Militia Roots: A Bibliographic Study a publication of the United States Army Center of Military History
Militia in the United States
Massachusetts history-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20militia%20units%20of%20Massachusetts |
Altınözü (, el-Kusayr) is a municipality and district of Hatay Province, Turkey. Its area is 392 km2, and its population is 60,344 (2022). It is in the south-east of Hatay Province, on the border between Turkey and Syria. The mayor is Rıfat Sarı (AKP).
History
The region which was known as al-Quṣayr, was part of the Principality of Antioch during the Crusader era. In 1180, patriarch Aimery of Limoges fled to the region, after he had excommunicated Bohemond III in Antioch. The latter besieged the region, but nobleman Rainald II Masoir supported the patriarch, until King Baldwin IV sent a delegation to settle the dispute.
Altınözü was heavily damaged by powerful earthquakes in February 2023 and subsequent aftershocks.
Geography
Altınözü stands on the fertile Kuseyr plateau, and several crops such as olives (the largest olive growing area is in this part of Turkey), tobacco, grains and other crops are grown here. The district gets its water from the Yarseli reservoir.
Composition
There are 48 neighbourhoods in Altınözü District:
Akamber
Akdarı
Alakent
Altınkaya
Atayurdu
Avuttepe
Babatorun
Boynuyoğun
Büyükburç
Çetenli
Dokuzdal
Enek
Erbaşı
Fatikli
Gözecik
Günvuran
Hacıpaşa
Hanyolu
Kamberli
Kansu
Karbeyaz
Karsu
Kazancık
Keskincik
Kılıçtutan
Kıyıgören
Kolcular
Kozkalesi
Kurtmezraası
Mayadalı
Oymaklı
Sarıbük
Sarılar
Seferli
Sivrikavak
Sofular
Tepehan
Tokaçlı
Tokdemir
Toprakhisar
Türkmenmezraası
Yanıkpınar
Yarseli
Yenihisar
Yenişehir
Yolağzı
Yunushanı
Ziyaret
Demographics
The district has a population of 60,344 (2022). There is also a refugee camp called the Altinozu Camp that houses 1,350 Syrian Sunnis who have fled the Syrian civil war. The population of the district is mostly Muslim with an Antiochian Greek Orthodox (also known as Rûm Orthodox) Christian community encompassing two churches in the capital of the district and the entirely Christian village of Tokaçlı.
Notes
References
Sources
External links
local information, follow galeri for photos
Populated places in Hatay Province
Districts of Hatay Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C4%B1n%C3%B6z%C3%BC |
Altıntaş is a town in Kütahya Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Altıntaş District. Its population is 5,258 (2022).
History
Altıntaş was previously known as "Kurtköy". The district's name means "goldstone" in Turkish and was given due to the large stone deposits, especially marble deposits in the area.
Chalcolithic artifacts have been found in the Altıntaş area. The Roman city of Soa is located within the district boundaries. The marble in the area was mined in antiquity, having been used in the construction of the ancient city of Aizanoi nearby. Near today's Pınarcık village, a Roman city called "Abya" produced its own coins. In the Osmaniye village, a mausoleum from the 2nd or 3rd century AD was excavated. In the district center of Altıntaş, a tomb called the Seydisül Tomb, built in the late 19th or early 20th century, contains an arch from the Byzantine era, depicting Deesis.
During the reign of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid II, a rebellion was suppressed at a battle in Altıntaş.
Early in the Greco-Turkish War during the Turkish War of Independence, the area was occupied by the Greek forces. Parts of the Battle of Dumlupınar took place within the district boundaries; these areas were later declared a national park. Altıntaş became a district in 1947.
References
Populated places in Kütahya Province
Altıntaş District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C4%B1nta%C5%9F |
Programmed learning (or programmed instruction) is a research-based system which helps learners work successfully. The method is guided by research done by a variety of applied psychologists and educators.
The learning material is in a kind of textbook or teaching machine or computer. The medium presents the material in a logical and tested sequence. The text is in small steps or larger chunks. After each step, learners are given a question to test their comprehension. Then immediately the correct answer is shown. This means the learner at all stages makes responses, and is given immediate knowledge of results.
Anticipating programmed learning, Edward L. Thorndike wrote in 1912:
Thorndike, however, did nothing with his idea. The first such system was devised by Sidney L. Pressey in 1926. "The first... [teaching machine] was developed by Sidney L. Pressey... While originally developed as a self-scoring machine... [it] demonstrated its ability to actually teach."
Later developments of programmed learning
In World War II, with largely conscript armies, there was great emphasis on training. What was learnt influenced education and training after the war. One of the main methods was the use of film as a group training method. Research on the effectiveness of training films was done extensively. In one account, Lumsdaine comments that research on films went on "from about 1918 to the present" (meaning 1962).
A few conclusions stood out from the research. First, films were great at giving overviews of a situation or an operation. However, they were less successful at getting over the details. Some general features of film (and, later, television) stand out. One is that a film goes at its own pace. Another is that no specific responses or activities are required from the viewer. A third is that the audience is varied, sometimes hugely varied. This gives clues to ways of improving instructional films.
In a 1946 experiment at Yale University, questions for students were put between segments of a film on the heart and circulation, with correct answers given after students had responded (knowledge of results). This added significantly to the amount learnt from the film. Lumsdaine commented that showing the version with questions and answers was as effective as showing the film twice, and faster.612
The connections between this experiment and those of Pressey were obvious. Active responses by learners and helpful feedback on the activities were now seen as critical elements in any successful system of learning. Pressey's work had been half forgotten, but it was now recognised as significant.
Programmed learning arrives
What is programmed learning?
If so much research had already been done on learning from films, what exactly did programmed learning add? The short answer is "stimulus control", by which is broadly meant the teaching material itself. Also, in programmed learning, a complete system was proposed which included these stages:
The aims of the course are stated in terms which are objective, and can be measured.
A pre-test is given, or the initial behaviour is stated.
A post-test is provided.
The materials have been tried out and revised according to results (developmental testing).
The materials are constructed according to a predetermined scheme (stimulus control).
The material is arranged in appropriate steps.
The learner has to respond actively (not necessarily overtly).
Arrangements are made for responses to be confirmed (knowledge of results).
The teaching medium is appropriate for the subject-matter and the students.
The materials are self-paced or presented in a manner which suits the learner.
A helpful discussion of the different programming techniques was given by Klaus.
The two main systems of programmed learning
Although there were three or four other systems proposed, we discuss here the two best-known methods.
One was by Norman Crowder, a psychologist with the U.S. Air Force. He had been asked to investigate the training of aircraft maintenance men. Crowder's system was to set multiple choice questions in the text, and provide feedback for each of the alternatives. Examples of this method show that the alternatives offered in questions were chosen to cover mistakes which students were likely to make. Crowder's system, which he called "intrinsic programming", was better known as "branching programming" on account of its multiple-choice alternatives.
Much better known was the other style of programmed learning, as proposed by the behaviourist B.F. Skinner. Skinner made some very effective criticisms of traditional teaching methods. His scheme of programmed instruction was to present the material as part of a "schedule of reinforcement" in typical behaviourist manner. The programmed text of Skinner's theory of behaviorism is the most complete example of his ideas in action. Skinner's system was generally called "linear programming" because its activities were placed in otherwise continuous text. Skinner was a wonderful publicist for his own ideas, as can be seen from this passage:
"There is a simple job to be done. The task can be stated in concrete terms. The necessary techniques are known. The equipment can easily be provided. Nothing stands in the way except cultural inertia... We are on the threshold of an exciting and revolutionary period in which the scientific study of man will be put to work in man's best interests. Education must play its part. It must accept the fact that sweeping revision of educational practice is possible and inevitable...".
Both methods were originally presented in machines, and both were later presented in book form. Both systems were to an extent student centered. They were ways of teaching individual learners who worked at their own pace. Both systems (in different ways) used knowledge of results to promote learning.p619 In both systems the content was pre-tested to identify problems and iron them out. Both systems emphasised clear learning objectives. Progress in learning was measured by pre- and post-tests of equivalent difficulty. Many practical tests showed the effectiveness of these methods.
Later effects
Many of these ideas were picked up and used in other educational fields, such as open learning (see the Open University) and computer-assisted learning.
Programmed learning ideas influenced the Children's Television Workshop, which did the R&D for Sesame Street. The use of developmental testing was absolutely characteristic of programmed learning. The division of the individual programs into small chunks is also a feature of programmed learning.
Even more is this true of Blue's Clues. Unlike Sesame Street, which tested a third of its episodes, the Blue's Clues research team field tested every episode three times with children aged between two and six in preschool environments such as Head Start programs, public schools, and private day care centers. There were three phases of testing: content evaluation, video evaluations, and content analysis.182 Their tests of the pilot, conducted throughout New York City with over 100 children aged from three to seven,21 showed that the attention and comprehension of young viewers increased with each repeat viewing.
Learning or training?
The terms "programmed learning" and "programmed training" were interchangeable, because the principles and methods were almost identical. If the target audience was industrial or military, researchers used the term programmed training, because training budgets supported the work. But in schools and colleges, the work was often described as programmed learning.
Many accounts used either or both terms according to which interest was paying for the work. Sometimes researchers used both terms as explicit alternatives. Some surveys standardised on using just one of the terms.
Perhaps the only distinction was the way the "terminal behaviours" (the final test demonstrating what the learner had learnt) were arrived at. In training, the goals were decided by a process called task analysis, or critical incident technique. This was based on the key activities which a trained person should be able to do. In educational work, deciding on the terminal test was not so securely grounded. One school of thought, probably the majority, decided to turn the rather vague statements of educational aims into full-fledged behavioural statements of the kind "At the end of this program, students should be able to do the following...". A pamphlet by Robert Mager was influential because it showed how to do this. This worked well with some subject matters, but had its limitations. In general, educators have reservations as to how far a list of behaviours captures what they are trying to teach. Subjects differ greatly in their basic aims, but where programmed learning suited a topic, most field trials gave positive results.
Examples
Daily Oral Language and the Saxon method, a math programme, are specific implementations of programmed instruction which have an emphasis on repetition.
Well-known books using programmed learning include the Lisp/Scheme text The Little Schemer, Bobby Fischer Teaches Chess, and Laplace Transform Solution Of Differential Equations: A Programmed Text, by Robert D. Strum and John R. Ward of the Naval Postgraduate School. Several available foreign language reading textbooks also use programmed learning.
Recently, the application of programmed instruction principles was applied to training in computer programs.
See also
Socratic method
References
External links
Page at lrs.ed.uiuc.edu
1954 introductions
Educational practices | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmed%20learning |
The Lamborghini Athon is a concept car designed by Bertone for Lamborghini.
Performance capabilities and features
The Lamborghini Athon is capable of being driven and is a fully functional production concept car. Under the hood of the Lamborghini Athon sits a 3.0 L DOHC V8 engine from the Lamborghini Silhouette, with two valves per cylinder capable of a max power of at 7,500 rpm and of torque with a compression ratio of ten to one. The transmission contains an all synchromesh gearbox that consists of a five speed with a single plate hydraulically assisted clutch and an axle ratio of 14/35. The Bertone company SpA design includes an integral chassis and steel body. The suspension has independent wry coil springs and telescopic shock absorbers. The Campagnolo cast magnesium pneumatically actuated brakes consist of Girling ventilated discs. The front tyres are Michelin 195/50 VR 15 and 275/40 VR 15 at the rear. The Lamborghini Athon weighs 2,390 lbs and has an 80 litre fuel tank. In terms of performance, the Lamborghini Athon is able to reach a top speed of 170 mph (273.6 km/h) and can go from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 7.3 seconds. The RM Sotheby's company auctioned the Lamborghini Athon in Concorso d'Eleganza Villa d'Este on May 21, 2011. It sold for $487,000 United States Dollars and its present-day estimated price value, according to RM Auctions, is between $213,000 to $312,000 United States Dollars.
The Lamborghini Athon as a concept car
The Bertone company, a private company based in Italy, created the Lamborghini Athon to show their everlasting support for the Lamborghini company according to the Turin coachbuilder press release. The Lamborghini Athon was given its name because the car is a spider and made for fair-weather; the name makes reference to the Egyptian cult of the sun.
Design aspects
Marc Deschamps, a Frenchman, led the design process for the Lamborghini Athon which was Bertone Studio's first ever concept car. He was chosen to lead the design after Marcello Gandini left the position as the design coordinator in 1979 for Bertone. The car was based on the silhouette sport type aesthetic and resembled some of the looks of the Lamborghini Urraco. Marc Deschamps honored the prior design of Bertone's concept cars; he specifically made the Lamborghini Athon much like the concept cars Bertone created in the 1970s. He included "sculpted geometric volumes" that were defined by clear edges and cut lines. Marc Deschamps also did not follow what is universally known as the traditional spider design for the car. The Lamborghini Athon, a proclaimed spider, has its cabin located in a forward position as opposed to the traditional mid-set cabin in a normal spider. Another detail that sets the Athon apart from the original aesthetics of a spider is the height and position of the rear deck compared to the height and positioning of the sloping hood. This design concept would later be used when the Bertone company created the Jalpa Speedster. The design of the Lamborghini Athon also influenced media and movie productions. The Athon was referenced when making the props for the following films: Tron, Total Recall, and RoboCop.
Signature Marc Deschamp Athon design
Marc Deschamp was also inspired by Nuccio Bertone added a few more unique features the cars body. For example, Marc Deschamps created the doors so they would have a noticeable gap between the doors and the door sills. Another thing to note is that Marc Deschamps also designed the tail lights to have very thin grooves in order to assure that they did not interfere with the solid rear end of the car. Something unique to note about the car is the design of the steering wheel and touch screen panels. The steering wheel was designed with a single spoke. Note that to the left of the steering wheel, there was a pod. The mounted pod was used as a place to hold the secondary controls. The touch screen panels were equipped with electronic readouts. Vegalie, an Italian supplier, created the instrumental design of the Lamborghini Athon. They made the windshield wipers, turn signals, as well as the indicator switches which are in close reach within the steering wheel. The Lamborghini Athon's design was created in honor of Fillipo Perini in honor of his devout love to the Lamborghini Silhouette aesthetic appearance. His impact as a designer for Lamborghini is seen in the Lamborghini Athon's front sloping hood. The Lamborghini Athon was forcefully given to the Bertone company as the Lamborghini company was in the process of liquidation and going through financial difficulty. The Lamborghini Athon was retired in the Bertone museum located in Rubiana, Italy directly after it showcased in the Turin Auto Show. Bertone occasionally removed the car from its museum and made it displayed for the public at a few select shows. Although it has had minor repairs to some of the mechanical components of the car, the Lamborghini Athon was never restored. Because of it having never been restored, the Lamborghini Athon is offered in its original condition.
Impact on Lamborghini as a company
The Athon was created during Lamborghini's financial crisis, which threatened to end with the company's liquidation. As a result, the Athon's greatest impact on the company would have to be when Bertone put it in their museum. The press associated with this move brought more attention to the Athon and Lamborghini as a company.
References
Athon
Bertone concept vehicles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamborghini%20Athon |
The Pritzker School of Medicine is the M.D.-granting unit of the Biological Sciences Division of the University of Chicago. It is located on the university's main campus in the historic Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago and matriculated its first class in 1927. The medical school offers a full-time Doctor of Medicine degree program, joint degree programs, graduate medical education, and continuing medical education.
History
Interest in opening a medical school at the University of Chicago began in 1898 when the university became affiliated with Rush Medical College while Chicago endeavored to establish funds for the construction of a medical school. The affiliation with Rush Medical College continued until 1942. In 1916, the university's Board of Trustees set aside $5.3 million for its development, but World War I delayed its construction until 1921. With construction complete in 1927, the school matriculated its first class of medical students. Following a $16 million gift from the Pritzker family of Chicago (founders of the Hyatt hotel group) to the University of Chicago, the School of Medicine was renamed in their honor in 1968.
Pritzker was the first medical school to hold the now international tradition of the white coat ceremony in 1989, which celebrates the students' transition and commitment to a lifelong career as a physician.
Admissions
For the entering Class of 2016–2017, 5,640 people applied and 719 interviewed for 88 spots in the class. Accepted applicants had a median GPA of 3.88 and median MCAT score of 520.
Rankings
U.S. News & World Report, in its 2022 edition of rankings, ranked Pritzker School of Medicine #34 in "Best Medical Schools: Primary Care" and #17 in "Best Medical Schools: Research".
Education
The Pritzker School of Medicine offers the Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree. The school offers joint doctorate degrees through its Medical Scientist Training Program, Growth, Development, and Disabilities Training Program and MD-PhD Programs in Medicine, the Social Sciences, and Humanities. Joint master's degrees are offered in business, law, and policy.
The school's primary teaching hospital is the University of Chicago Medical Center. In July 2008, Pritzker entered into a teaching affiliation with NorthShore University HealthSystem.
Notable alumni
Clark L. Anderson, class of 1964, immunologist and Professor Emeritus, Ohio State University College of Medicine
Bruce Beutler, class of 1981, American immunologist and geneticist. Together with Jules A. Hoffmann, he received one-half of the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, for "their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity".
Ernest Beutler, class of 1950, German-born American hematologist and biomedical scientist. He made important discoveries about the causes of a number of diseases, including anemias, Gaucher disease, disorders of iron metabolism and Tay–Sachs disease.
Richard Kekuni Blaisdell, class of 1948, professor emeritus of medicine at the University of Hawaiʻi in Honolulu, and a longtime organizer in the Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement.
David Bodian, class of 1937, American medical scientist whose work helped lay the groundwork for the eventual development of polio vaccines by combining neurological research with the study of the pathogenesis of polio.
Robert M. Chanock, class of 1947, American pediatrician and virologist who made major contributions to the prevention and treatment of childhood respiratory infections.
Anne Searls De Groot, class of 1983, co-founder and CEO/CSO of the immunoinformatics company EpiVax.
Robert Gallo, GME 1965, known for his role in the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the infectious agent responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in the development of the HIV blood test.
Todd Golub, class of 1989, Professor of Pediatrics at the Harvard Medical School, the Charles A. Dana Investigator in Human Cancer Genetics at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and a founding member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard.
Clarence Lushbaugh, Ph.D. class of 1942, M.D. class of 1948, pathologist and radiobiological specialist
Sara Branham Matthews, PhD class of 1923, MD class of 1934, was an American microbiologist and physician best known for her research into the isolation and treatment of Neisseria meningitidis, a causative organism of meningitis.
Anne L. Peters, class of 1983, endocrinologist, diabetes expert, and professor of clinical medicine at the Keck School of Medicine of USC
Joseph Ransohoff, class of 1941, pioneer in the field of neurosurgery; founder of the first neurosurgical intensive care unit; chief of neurosurgery at N.Y.U. Medical Center
Gerald Reaven, class of 1953, noted researcher of diabetes and insulin resistance.
Janet Rowley, class of 1948, American human geneticist and the first scientist to identify a chromosomal translocation as the cause of leukemia and other cancers.
Arthur K. Shapiro, class of 1955, psychiatrist and expert on Tourette syndrome.
Donald F. Steiner, class of 1956, an American biochemist and discoverer of proinsulin.
References
External links
Pritzker School of Medicine
Guide to the University of Chicago Department of Medicine Records 1940-1942 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
Schools of the University of Chicago
Medical schools in Illinois
Universities and colleges established in 1927
1927 establishments in Illinois | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pritzker%20School%20of%20Medicine |
Andırın is a municipality and district of Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,202 km2, and its population is 31,224 (2022).
Composition
There are 57 neighbourhoods in Andırın District:
Akçakoyunlu
Akgümüş
Akifiye
Alameşe
Alanlı
Alınoluk
Altınboğa
Altınyayla
Anacık
Arıklar
Başdoğan
Bektaşlı
Beşbucak
Boğazören
Bostanlı
Boynuyoğunlu
Boztopraklı
Bulgurkaya
Cambaz
Camuzluk
Çiçekli
Çiğşar
Çokak
Çuhadarlı
Darıovası
Efirağızlı
Emirler
Erenler
Geben
Gökahmetli
Gökçeli
Gökgedik
Hacıveliuşağı
Kabaağaç
Kabaklar
Kaleboynu
Karapınar
Kargaçayırı
Kıyıkçı
Kızık
Köklü
Köleli
Kumarlı
Kuzgun
Orhaniye
Osmancık
Pınarbaşı
Rifatiye
Sumaklı
Tatarlı
Torun
Tufanpaşa
Yeni
Yeniköy
Yeşilova
Yeşiltepe
Yeşilyurt
References
External links
District governor's official website
Populated places in Kahramanmaraş Province
Districts of Kahramanmaraş Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And%C4%B1r%C4%B1n |
Mick Barnard was a guitarist in the UK rock band The Farm (sometimes called Farm, and not to be confused with the 1980s/1990s British band of the same name). He was also the guitarist of the band Genesis for a brief time, following the departure of founding member Anthony Phillips, just before Steve Hackett came in and replaced him. Barnard does not appear on any released Genesis recordings.
After leaving Genesis, Barnard embarked on a successful career in audio engineering, founding the Bel Digital Audio company in 1975.
Stint in Genesis
Genesis' final concert with the Trespass line-up (Tony Banks, Peter Gabriel, Mike Rutherford, Anthony Phillips, John Mayhew) was on 18 July 1970, after which Phillips left the band. In early August 1970, drummer Mayhew was replaced by Phil Collins, and the band played concerts as a four-piece until 23 October 1970. Mick Barnard who had been suggested by Aylesbury Friars impresario David Stopps then joined the band. The Banks-Gabriel-Rutherford-Collins-Barnard line-up played shows from 3 November 1970 to 10 January 1971: a total of thirty concerts and one television appearance. Barnard was then replaced by Steve Hackett, and this new line-up played their first concert on 14 January 1971.
Barnard appeared with the band on their earliest TV appearance on a BBC Television programme called Disco 2. This was recorded on 14 November 1970. Gabriel sang live, but all the instrumentalists (including Barnard) mimed to their recorded tracks. This footage is now lost.
Tony Banks made the following comment about Barnard's guitar playing:
He was OK, but not really forceful enough. I remember when we had already auditioned Steve but were still rehearsing with Mick which wasn't a very nice thing to do, we were doing the end part of "The Musical Box" and he was playing this little guitar phrase over the top of it and we thought this was really good. So just as we were about to boot him out he did something quite good.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English rock guitarists
Genesis (band) members
Lead guitarists
English audio engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick%20Barnard |
Araban () is a municipality and district of Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its area is 592 km2, and its population is 32,933 (2022). The district was established in 1957.
History
The city was historically known as Raban. In October/November 958, the Byzantine Empire led by John Tzimiskes and Basil Lekapenos managed to defeat Sayf al-Dawla of the Hamdanids at the Battle of Raban.
Raban was ruled by the Armenian ruler Kogh Vasil, following the First Crusade in 1097. It was captured by Kilij Arslan II in 1148–1150, then by Nur ad-Din in 1155. In 1268, King Hethum I had to surrendered several fortresses including Raban to Baibars, who had imprisoned Hethum's son, Leo, following the Battle of Mari.
Composition
There are 49 neighbourhoods in Araban District:
Akbudak
Akkoç
Altınpınar
Aşağıkaravaiz
Aşağıyufkalı
Bağlıca
Başpınar
Beydili
Çiftekoz
Dağdancık
Doğan
Dumlupınar
Elif
Emirhaydar
Erenbağ
Esentepe
Eskialtıntaş
Fakılı
Fevziçakmak
Fıstıklıdağ
Gelinbuğday
Gökçepayam
Güllüce
Gümüşpınar
Güzey
Hasanoğlu
Hisar
Kale
Karababa
Karacaören
Köklüce
Körhacıobası
Küçüklü
Mehmet Gökçek
Muratlı
Nurettin
Sarıkaya
Sarıtepe
Şerif Peri
Tarlabaşı
Taşdeğirmen
Turgut Özal
Yaylacık
Yeni Altıntaş
Yeşilova
Yolveren
Yukarıkaravaiz
Yukarıyufkalı
Ziyaret
See also
Roman mausoleums of Araban
References
Sources
External links
District governor's page
Populated places in Gaziantep Province
Districts of Gaziantep Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Araban |
Albion High School may refer to:
Albion High School (Nebraska), Albion, Nebraska
Charles D'Amico High School, also known as Albion High School, Albion, New York
Albion High School (Michigan), Albion, Michigan
The Albion Academy, formerly Albion High School, Pendleton, Salford, Greater Manchester, England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albion%20High%20School |
Giclas 29-38, also known as ZZ Piscium, is a variable white dwarf star of the DAV (or ZZ Ceti) type,
whose variability is due to large-amplitude, non-radial pulsations known as gravity waves. It was first reported to be variable by Shulov and Kopatskaya in 1974. DAV stars are like normal white dwarfs but have luminosity variations with amplitudes as high as 30%, arising from a superposition of vibrational modes with periods from 100 to 1,000 seconds. Large-amplitude DAVs generally differ from lower-amplitude DAVs by having lower temperatures, longer primary periodicities, and many peaks in their vibrational spectra with frequencies which are sums of other vibrational modes.
G29-38, like other complex, large-amplitude DAV variables, has proven difficult to understand. The power spectrum or periodogram of the light curve varies over times which range from weeks to years. Usually, one strong mode dominates, although many smaller-amplitude modes are often observed. The larger-amplitude modes, however, fluctuate in and out of observability; some low-power areas show more stability. Asteroseismology uses the observed spectrum of pulsations from stars like G29-38 to infer the structure of their interiors.
Debris disk
The circumstellar environment of G29-38 first attracted attention in the late 1980s during a near-infrared survey of 200 white dwarfs conducted by Ben Zuckerman and Eric Becklin to search for low mass companion stars and brown dwarfs. G29-38 was shown to radiate substantial emission between 2 and 5 micrometres, far in excess of that expected from extrapolation of the visual and near infrared spectrum of the star. Like other young, hot white dwarfs, G29-38 is thought to have formed relatively recently (600 million years ago) from its AGB progenitor, and therefore the excess was naturally explained by emission from a Jupiter-like brown dwarf with a temperature of 1200 K and a radius of 0.15 solar radius. However, later observations, including speckle interferometry, failed to detect a brown dwarf.
Infrared observations made in 2004 by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope indicated the presence of a dust cloud around G29-38, which may have been created by tidal disruption of an exocomet or exoasteroid passing close to the white dwarf. This may mean that G29-38 is still orbited by a ring of surviving comets and, possibly, outer planets. This is the first observation supporting the idea that comets persist to the white dwarf stage of stellar evolution.
Infrared emission at 9-11 Mircons from Spitzer spectroscopy were interpreted as a mixture of amorphous olivine and a small amount of fosterite in the disk. Modelling of the disk have shown that the inner edge of the disk lies at around 96±4 white dwarf radii and that the disk has a width of about 1-10 white dwarf radii. The dust mass of the disk is about 4-5 x 1018 g (about half the mass of a massive asteroid) and the disk has a temperature less than 1000 K.
References
External links
Pulsating white dwarfs
Pisces (constellation)
Piscium, ZZ | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%2029-38 |
Araç is a town in the Kastamonu Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Araç District. Its population is 6,464 (2021). The town lies at an elevation of .
References
Populated places in Kastamonu Province
Araç District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ara%C3%A7 |
Araklı (from Greek "Ηράκλεια" - Erakleia) is a municipality and district of Trabzon Province, Turkey. Its area is 464 km2, and its population is 48,581 (2022). The mayor is Recep Çebi (AKP). It is also claimed that the name "Arakli" is derived from 'Arakale', "the castle in the middle" in Turkish.
Composition
There are 50 neighbourhoods in Araklı District:
Aytaş
Ayvadere
Bahçecik
Bereketli
Birlik
Buzluca
Çamlıca
Çamlıktepe
Çankaya
Çiftepınar
Çukurçayır
Değirmencik
Erenler
Erikli
Halilli
Hasköy
Hürriyet
İyisu
Kalecik
Karatepe
Karşıyaka
Kayacık
Kayaiçi
Kaymaklı
Kestanelik
Köprüüstü
Kükürtlü
Merkez
Merkezköy
Ortaköy
Özgen
Pervane
Sulakyurt
Sularbaşı
Taşgeçit
Taşönü
Taştepe
Türkeli
Turnalı
Yalıboyu
Yassıkaya
Yeniköy
Yeşilce
Yeşilköy
Yeşilyurt
Yiğitözü
Yıldızlı
Yolgören
Yoncalı
Yüceyurt
See also
Araklı Arena
References
External links
District governor's official website
A local online guide to Araklı
A local website about Araklı
Populated places in Trabzon Province
Fishing communities in Turkey
Populated coastal places in Turkey
Districts of Trabzon Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arakl%C4%B1 |
The Spidernaut is a concept for an extra-vehicular robot being developed by NASA's Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center.
According to NASA's web site, the upcoming generation of space science platforms and vehicles are too large and too fragile to launch and deploy as self-contained payloads. Constructing and maintaining these structures in orbit presents unique challenges which may be overcome by Extra-Vehicular Robotics (EVR) using gentler methods of locomotion and manipulation. New EVR robot archetypes are needed to fill this role.
An arachnid climber such as Spidernaut is a prime candidate for such operations. The multi-point stance of an arachnid's eight legs, with as many as 7 down during a step, allows simply-supported footholds that spread climbing loads more evenly across a space structure and impart no torques.
Such a system could carry large payloads, transporting structural materials across an extensive solar array or mirrors across a telescope without significant structural loading. This archetype could also exploit hybrid forms of locomotion such as routing and deploying a "web" of space tethers to cross structural spans where even light forces are unacceptable.
Source: NASA (used in accordance with NASA's terms of use)
References
Spidernaut at JSC
Space program of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spidernaut |
Aralık (; ; ; ) is a town in the Iğdır Province in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the seat of Aralık District. Its population is 5,809 (2022). Aralık lies near the right bank of the river Aras, across the border from the Armenian town Artashat. It is the location of the Aras corridor, which connects Turkey with Azerbaijan. The town of Aralık is mainly inhabited by Azerbaijanis.
Government
Mustafa Güzelkaya was elected mayor of Aralık in the local elections of March 2019.
Demographics
References
Populated places in Iğdır Province
Aralık District
Erivan Governorate
Kurdish settlements in Turkey
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aral%C4%B1k |
is a Japanese actress, voice actress and former pop singer. Nakajima made her debut on 30 January 1991. Her final JPOP release was on 10 June 1998. She sang the ending theme for the animated (anime) version of Ranma ½, Season 5 (1991) - "Red Poppy" (Hinageshi). She also sang the opening and ending themes of Floral Magician Mary Bell (1992–93). The track 'Ano Subarashii Ai Wo Mou Ichido' from her 1992 Album 'Tanpopo' featured in the ending credits for Hideaki Anno's 1998 film Love & Pop.
Discography
Singles
30 January 1991: Akai Hanataba (赤い花束)
17 April 1991: Hinageshi (ひなげし)
The ending theme of Ranma ½, TV Season 5
17 July 1991: Hatsukoi-Dōri (初恋通り)
21 September 1991: Totemo Chiisana Monogatari (とても小さな物語)
29 January 1992: Omoide ni mo Narenai (思い出にもなれない)
The first ending theme of Floral Magician Mary Bell
Coupled with Kitto Dekiru ne! (きっと出来るね！)—the opening theme of Floral Magician Mary Bell
21 May 1992: Nikki no Kagi Kashimasu (日記の鍵貸します)
18 September 1992: Omowareteiru (思われている)
The second ending theme of Floral Magician Mary Bell
21 January 1993: Hazukashii Yume (恥ずかしい夢)
21 May 1993: Chotto Itai Kankei (ちょっと痛い関係)
21 October 1993: Oteyawaraka ni (お手やわらかに)
21 July 1994: Koi o Shimashō (恋をしましょう)
10 June 1998: 1, 2, 3, Kimemasho (1･2･3キメましょ)
Albums
5 June 1991: Nakajima () (PCCA-00274)
22 November 1991: Kinenbi () (mini-album) (PCCA-00316)
1 July 1992: Tampopo (Tanpopo, ) (PCCA-00379)
20 November 1992: Hijōshikina Wani () (PCCA-00408)
3 March 1993: Nakajima Michiyo BEST Stay with me ( Stay with me) ("Best Album") (PCCA-00435)
16 December 1994: PRIVATE SELECTION I'll be there ( I'll be there) ("Best Album") (PCCA-00708)
November 21, 1996: Nakajima Michiyo BEST Believe in you ( Believe in you) ("Best Album") (PCCA-01026)
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
Singers from Saitama Prefecture
Voice actresses from Saitama Prefecture
21st-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michiyo%20Nakajima |
The transition band, also called the skirt, is a range of frequencies that allows a transition between a passband and a stopband of a signal processing filter. The transition band is defined by a passband and a stopband cutoff frequency or corner frequency.
This is the area between where a filter "turns the corner" and where it "hits the bottom".
An example of this can be taken from a low-pass filter, commonly used in audio systems to allow the bass signal to pass through to a subwoofer, and cut out all unwanted frequencies above a defined point. If the cutoff point for such a filter is defined as 200 Hz, then in a perfect system, all frequencies above 200 Hz will be stopped and all frequencies below 200 Hz will be allowed to pass through.
The transition band can be implemented to allow for a smooth fall off to avoid introducing audible peaks in amplitude. If the transition band of the example 200 Hz filter is 20 Hz, then the signal should start attenuating at 180 Hz, and finally blocked at 200 Hz. The curve that the transition band follows depends on the engineering of the filter, including component reaction time and the choice of values for the components that comprise the filter according to mathematical formula.
The transition band is usually apparent in any filter system, even if it is unwanted. This can be of general importance when calculating the values required for filters used in the control of signal transmission systems, to ensure that the entire bandwidth of the desired signal is allowed to pass.
The transition bandwidth of a filter largely depends on the order of the filter. For a higher order filter, the transition bandwidth is narrower than for a lower order filter. This is due to the fact that roll-off is higher for a filter of higher order.
See also
Passband
Stopband
References
Filter frequency response | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20band |
Beylikova, formerly Beylikahır, is a municipality and district of Eskişehir Province, Turkey. Its area is 715 km2, and its population is 5,781 (2022). The town lies at an elevation of .
Beylikova hosted the Hittite civilization in prehistoric times. Later, the Phrygians, Lydians and the Persian Kingdom took control of this region. The Roman Empire also ruled over this region, but left no obvious artifacts built.
While the Anatolian Seljuk State annexed this region to Turkish lands, Beylikova became a great center where horses were fed and looked after. While the name of the district was "Beylikahir" at the time, it was changed to "Beylikova" in 1985.
Composition
There are 25 neighbourhoods in Beylikova District:
Akköprü
Aşağıdudaş
Aşağıiğdeağacı
Ata
Doğanoğlu
Doğray
Emircik
Gökçeayva
Halilbağı
İkipınar
İmikler
Kızılcaören
Köprübaşı
Okçu
Parsıbey
Rahmiye
Süleymaniye
Sultaniye
Uzunburun
Yalınlı
Yeni
Yeniyurt
Yukarıdudaş
Yukarıiğdeağacı
Yunus Emre
References
External links
Eskişehir governor's official website
Map of Beylikova district
Local news website
Populated places in Eskişehir Province
Districts of Eskişehir Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beylikova |
Arguvan () is a municipality and district of Malatya Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,096 km2, and its population is 6,869 (2022). The mayor is Mehmet Kızıldaş (CHP).
Composition
There are 49 neighbourhoods in Arguvan District:
Akören
Alhasuşağı
Armutlu
Aşağısülmenli
Asar
Asmaca
Bahçeli
Bahçelievler
Bozan
Çakmak
Çavuş
Çayırlı
Çevreli
Çiftlik
Dolaylı
Doydum
Ermişli
Eymir
Göçeruşağı
Gökağaç
Gümüşlü
Güngören
Gürge
Güveçli
Hakverdi
İçmece
İsaköy
Karababa
Karahüyük
Kızık
Kızıluşağı
Koçak
Kömürlük
Konakbaşı
Kuruttaş
Kuyudere
Morhamam
Narmikan
Parçikan
Şotik
Tarlacık
Tatkınık
Tepebağ
Yamaç
Yeni
Yeniköy
Yoncalı
Yukarısülmenli
Yürektaşı
Demographics
The majority of the district is Alevi from both Kurdish and Turkish ethnicity. The Kurdish Atman tribe reside in ten villages and hamlets in the district. Other Kurdish tribes include the Direjan, Kurecik, and the Parçikan.
Ethnic composition of the settlements in Arguvan District:
Turkish (Alevi): Arguvan town, Akören, Armutlu, Asmaca, Aşağısülmenli, Bozan, Çavuşköy, Çayırlı, Çevreli, Doydum, Ermişli, Eymir, Gümüşlü, Gürge, İsaköy, Karahüyük, Kızık, Koçak, Konakbaşı, Kuyudere, Morhamam
Kurdish (Alevi, Atman tribe): Alhasuşağı, Çakmak, Göçeruşağı, Gökağaç, Güngören, Kömürlük, Kuruttaş, Şotik (Çobandere), Yoncalı
Kurdish (Sunni, Atman tribe): Kızıluşağı (Yenisu)
Kurdish (Sunni, Direjan tribe): Bahçeli, Güveçli, Tatkınık
Kurdish (Sunni, Parçikan tribe): Parçikan (Bozburun)
Kurdish (Sunni, Zeyve tribe): Narmikan (Yazıbaşı)
Kurdish (Sunni): Hakverdi, Yürektaşı
Kurdish (Alevi) and Turkish (Alevi): Asar, Çiftlik, Yamaç, Yeniköy, Yukarısülmenli
Kurdish (Sunni, Direjan tribe) and Turkish (Alevi): Tarlacık
Kurdish (Sunni, Zeyve tribe) and Turkish (Alevi): İçmece, Karababa
Notable people
İlyas Salman
Kemal Bülbül
References
Populated places in Malatya Province
Districts of Malatya Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
Kurdish settlements in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arguvan |
Walter Randolph "Ranny" Chitwood Jr. is known for his work as a cardiothoracic surgeon at the Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University located in Greenville, North Carolina.
Chitwood is recognized as the first heart surgeon to perform robot-assisted heart valve surgery in the US.
Biography
Chitwood is a native of Wytheville, Virginia. He graduated from Hampden-Sydney College and received his medical degree from the University of Virginia. He obtained all of his surgical training at Duke University Medical Center under Dr. David C. Sabiston, where he spent 10 years training in general and cardiothoracic surgery, as well as basic science research.
He was the first house staff member at Duke to be selected to Alpha Omega Alpha. After his chief residency at Duke in 1984, he was selected to develop and head the new cardiac surgery program at the East Carolina University School of Medicine. His initial appointment was as a full professor of surgery. Except for a two-year hiatus as the chief of cardiothoracic surgery at the University of Kentucky, he has spent his entire career at ECU, where he was chairman of the Department of Surgery from 1995 to 2003. He also served as senior associate vice chancellor of the Health Sciences Division for Cardiovascular Diseases and paved the way for the development of a new specialty hospital and research institute - The East Carolina Heart Institute. The East Carolina Heart Institute now performs over 1200 cardiac surgical, 3000 interventional, and 5000 diagnostic catheter-based procedures yearly. The center's research laboratories have been responsible for training residents and supporting established investigators alike. Chitwood's research activities relate to myocardial preservation, and angiogenesis, as well as endoscopic and robotic tele-manipulation in cardiac surgery. He has been the principal investigator of the FDA robotic mitral valve trials that led to approval for this use in the United States.
He is a member of 25 professional societies which include the American College of Surgeons, the Royal College of Surgeons of England, the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the Southern Thoracic Surgical Association, the Society of University Surgeons, the American Surgical Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the Cardiac Surgery Biology Club. He is on numerous committees in these societies. He has been President of the International Society of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, The Society for Heart Valve Disease, and the North Carolina Chapter of the American Heart Association. He serves the editorial boards of the Annals of Thoracic Surgery, the Journal of Cardiac Surgery, the Journal of Heart Valve Disease, the Asian Annals of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, CTS Net, the Heart Surgery Forum, Chest, and the American Heart Journal. He has authored over 150 peer reviewed scientific and clinical articles, as well as many book chapters and several monographs. He has special expertise in complex valvular surgery, including mitral repair and endoscopic mitral valve surgery. He has written widely and lectured internationally on innovative techniques in minimally invasive and robotic cardiac surgery. In 2003 he was elected to Fellowship in the prestigious Royal College of Surgeons of England. His lifelong avocations have been photography, amateur radio, and antiquarian medical bibliophilia.
References
External links
Biography
See patient reviews, research and videos for Dr. Randolph Chitwood, heart surgeon
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Virginia School of Medicine alumni
Duke University alumni
American cardiac surgeons
East Carolina University faculty
American Surgical Association members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randolph%20Chitwood |
is a Japanese voice actor who works for Haikyo.
Notable voice roles
Anime
Lance in 07 Ghost
Brindo and young Hody Jones in One Piece
Check Mate and Ilioukhine in Kinnikuman Nisei (Ultimate Muscle)
Arizona Governor in Eureka Seven Ao
Yu Himura in Ef: A Fairy Tale of the Two
En Daidouji in Brave Command Dagwon
Erigor in Fairy Tail
Griffin Minos in Saint Seiya
Go Hibiki in Mach Go Go
Groundman in Rockman.EXE Beast
Hawkmon in Digimon Adventure 02
Hayato Marikoji in Himawari!
Hawktor in Bakugan Battle Brawlers: Gundalian Invaders
Hazel Grouse in Saiyuki Reload Gunlock
Hazel Grouse in Saiyuki Reload: Zeroin
I'm Sorry Masked Man and Nightmare in Bobobo-bo Bo-bobo
Jenai in Chrono Crusade
Ken Amafuji in Boku wa Konomama Kaeranai
Kotaro Kakinouchi in The Mythical Detective Loki Ragnarok
Mirai in Mirmo!
Neji Hyuga in Naruto
Neji Hyuga in Naruto: Shippuden
Neji Hyuga in Naruto SD
Norio in Monster Rancher
Sentarō Kotsubaki in Bleach
Pawn in Weiß Kreuz
Peath Glinhouse in Back Arrow
Peta in Märchen Awakens Romance
Raiha in Flame of Recca
Rioroute Vilgyna in Candidate for Goddess
Ryō Shirogane in Tokyo Mew Mew
Ryu Amakusa in Detective Academy Q
Ryunosuke Kurumi in HeartCatch Pretty Cure!
Smart Ass in Who Framed Roger Rabbit
Sentaro Kotsubaki and Yylfordt Granz in Bleach
Shiba (younger) in Groove Adventure RAVE
Shinji Kume in He Is My Master
Taishi Kuhonbutsu in Comic Party
Tigatron/TigerFalcon in Beast Wars
Tommy Parsy, Mr. Dog, Coach, and Ruby Green in the Snowboard Kids series
Tsuyoshi Wabba in the Super Yo-Yo
Toyohiro Kanedaichi in JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Diamond Is Unbreakable
Wei Fei Li in Ceres, Celestial Legend
Yokota in Uzumaki
Yōsui in Fushigi Yūgi OVA 2
Tōchika is also known for his role as the voice actor of Sumisu-san, スミスさん or "Mr Smith" on the audio CD of the textbook series Japanese For Busy People.
Anime Movies
Hawkmon in Digimon Adventure: Last Evolution Kizuna (2020)
Television (live-action/drama)
Mac Windy (Actor: Reuben Langdon)/B-Fighter Yanma in B-Fighter Kabuto
Dangoron in B-Robo KabutackSuction Force Pyma Beast Vampira (ep. 9) in Kyuukyuu Sentai GoGo FiveBowling Org (ep. 28) in Hyakujuu Sentai GaorangerThunder Ninja Unadaigo (ep. 24) in Ninpuu Sentai HurricangerTrinoid 18: Rakopiman (ep. 29) in Bakuryu Sentai AbarangerPukosian Jackil (ep. 31) in Tokusou Sentai Dekaranger
(Secondary Antagonist) Commander Adorocs (ep. 34-45) in Genseishin Justiriser
Savage Sky Barbaric Machine Beast Lenz Banki (ep. 9) in Engine Sentai Go-ongerSecret Lantern Daigoyou in (eps. 28 - 49) Samurai Sentai ShinkengerSecret Lantern Daigoyou in Samurai Sentai Shinkenger vs. Go-onger: GinmakuBang!!Secret Lantern Daigoyou in Samurai Sentai Shinkenger ReturnsSecret Lantern Daigoyou in Tensou Sentai Goseiger vs. Shinkenger: Epic on GinmakuDrama CDsGaki no Ryoubun series 6: Manatsu no ZankyouMayonaka ni Oai Shimashou (Midori Kaidouji)Miscast series (Nanase Aikou)Ourin Gakuen series 1: Ikenai Seitokaishitsu (Fumitoshi Sakai)Ourin Gakuen series 2: Ai no Sainou (Fumitoshi Sakai)Yume wa Kirei ni Shidokenaku (Mamoru Ichinomiya)
DubbingAre You Afraid of the Dark? (Ross Hull)Das Boot, Bootsmann Lamprecht (Uwe Ochsenknecht)Joy Ride 2: Dead Ahead, Bobby Lawrence (Nick Zano)
Rocko's Modern Life, Rocko (Carlos Alazraqui)
Video games
2016–present Sonic the Hedgehog (series)'', Antoine
References
External links
Kouichi Tohchika at Ryu's Seiyuu Infos
Living people
Japanese male video game actors
Japanese male voice actors
20th-century Japanese male actors
21st-century Japanese male actors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Tokyo Actor's Consumer's Cooperative Society voice actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dichi%20T%C5%8Dchika |
Arhavi (Laz: არქაბი/Arǩabi; Georgian: არქაბი/arkabi) is a town in Artvin Province located in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. It is the seat of Arhavi District. Its population is 17,558 (2022), making it the third most populous municipality in Artvin Province. Laz people form a large portion of the population. The terrain is hilly and mountainous. Area of the city center is about . The length of the coast is about . Arhavi is famous by the Culture and Art Festival that celebrated since 1973.
Etymology
Arhavi is "Arkabi" in Laz means "Old Viçe" or "Old village" and was formerly known as its river "Kapisre".
History
The Ottoman Period
Participated in the Ottoman Empire in 1486.
During the First World War, in which the Ottoman Empire was an ally of Germany and Austria-Hungary, the Russian army occupied Arhavi on 14 January 1916.
The Republican Period
Geography
Arhavi Black Sea Region is located in the eastern Black Sea. In the northern Black Sea, west of Hopa, Yusufeli border in the east and south is surrounded by hazelnut.
Is a typical Black Sea climate prevails in the district. Warm summers, cool winters have passed. In every season rainfall is common in districts with high humidity. Climate, tea, nuts, corn, and is suitable for citrus cultivation.
The people of Arhavi are mainly Laz and the district attracts visitors from neighbouring Georgia.
Landforms
Arhavi's terrain is mountainous and hilly. The surface of the district forms the eastern Black Sea mountains and outlines Poplar (Kapisre) Time course of the river that connects him with deep valleys that constitute half. Districts in the region over the central plains, where the plane is no exception.
Very rugged topography of the district and the supply structure is defective in a particular period and it says connecting Şahinkaya Poplar, agar, Fish, and Lome says Double Bridge and erode the land is deeply split. Therefore, roughly from the area between the flat coastal plain with no backup is not found immediately. Poplar Box and connect to it says the deep valleys that have opened branches in the district but also the most important transportation creates güzergahlarini.
Arhavi most dominant topographical features are also especially the mountains to the south will rise up to 3000 meters. The main peaks Kiziltepe (3210 m), Çatkaya (2985 m), Sheep Plateau (2292 m), Mete (2142 m), Sewing (2068 m), Watts (1180 m), Agra (1143 m), top peak (1049 m), Demirağa (1013 m) is. From north to south within the rapidly rising terrain south of the plateau is in place. 30–2000 meters bulnmaktadır numerous plateaus. Mainly agar, Soguksu, Şenyurt, Summer, of Spring, the Raiders, sunny, Mete Aydin express this village. Glacial erosion in this area is to be effective in large and small lakes are numerous. Their main gadit, Sarıgöl, variegated, Büyükagara, and karagöllerdir Küçükagara.
Climate
Temperature and precipitation within a year distribution when it comes to, in the region (Arhavi 12 m) in the hottest month (July) 's average of 22.1 °C, the coldest month (January)' s average of 7.2 °C. When performing the most rainy months (October) 's average 266.7 mm. At least rainfall of the month (May) 's average is 84.8 mm. Annual temperature of 13.6 °C. amplitütü. Amplitütü annual rainfall is 181.9 mm wide.
While the rainy season, autumn rainfall from the area is the season of spring is at least fall. But there are no significant differences among seasons. Following up on a regular basis every season rainfall is spread. This applies to regular temperature distribution. However, the sudden temperature drop in some years appears to have caused the frost, it has also damaged local crops quite. E.g. tea plants generally can not stand frost. After the tree developed -4 meters easily and resist the cold. If this continues for a long time, but low temperatures will be obtained will decrease the quality of tea.
Vegetation
From the shore about 750 meters high, the court broad-leaved coastal forest, with lush, dense forest formations is also a rich forest, six formations from the ink of this upgrade step, "Colchicine Flora" with the name that is recognized. This step is the dominant tree trees red beard. Other types of beech, chestnut, linden species, Hornbeam, Elm, and Sycamore creates. And Elm trees along the river valleys of the Red Beard The forests up to the upper limit. Beech communities in common between 600 and 1200 meters to 1500 meters in height up to. Maroon communities, 500–600 meters in height are seen as rare as the horn up to 1800–1900 meters. The persimmon and wild cherry, but 400–500 feet high up to be seen. Still other species up to this height as karrışık Laurel, Melia azedarach and boxwood tree is seen. Hopa is true in part can be found in yellow pine.
Quarters
The town Arhavi consists of 7 quarters: Aşağı Hacılar, Cumhuriyet, Kale, Musazade, Yemişlik, Yukarı Hacılar and Boğaziçi.
Population
Government
Elected mayors and political parties by year:
2019 - Vasfi Kurdoğlu CHP
2014 - Coşkun Hekimoğlu AKP
2009 - Coşkun Hekimoğlu AKP
2004 - Musa Ulutaş CHP
1999 - Vasfi Kurdoğlu ANAP
1994 - Vasfi Kurdoğlu DYP
1989 - Mehmet Çorbacıoğlu SHP
1984 - İ.Fethi Özkazanç SODEP
1977 - Kazım Kurdoğlu AP
1973 - AP
1968 - Rüştü Hatinoğlu AP
1963 - CHP
Culture and art
Arhavi Culture & Arts Festival
The Arhavi Kültür ve Sanat Festivali is an annual festival which first took place in Arhavi in 1973. The festival which runs for three days is usually held in August. During the festival, popular musicians from all over Turkey perform daily. A regular guest singer is the very famous Arhavi native Cengiz Kurtoğlu. Along with the many singers who perform, the local folk dance "Horon" is performed by professional dancers and local school children.
Well-known citizens
Arhavili Ismail
"Arhavili Ismail" is a poem about the Turkish War of Independence by Nazim Hikmet, it has been recorded by Zulfu Livaneli, music star born into an Artvin family, and by local musician Volkan Konak. One of the most famous people from Arhavi is Efkan Şeşen, he is also a singer.
References
External links
Photos of Arhavi
Populated places in Artvin Province
Fishing communities in Turkey
Populated coastal places in Turkey
District municipalities in Turkey
Arhavi District
Laz settlements in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arhavi |
Arıcak (), is a town of Elazığ Province of Turkey. It is the seat of Arıcak District. Its population is 3,194 (2021). The mayor is Ferit Yıldırım (Ak Parti).
References
District municipalities in Turkey
Populated places in Elazığ Province
Arıcak District
Kurdish settlements in Elazığ Province | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar%C4%B1cak |
The range of area codes 800-899 in Mexico is reserved for Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas and Veracruz.
(For other areas, see Area codes in Mexico by code).
8 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20codes%20in%20Mexico%20by%20code%20%28800-899%29 |
Lloyd David Newell (born 1956) is an American journalist, announcer and author, who is the current voice of Music and the Spoken Word (the oldest continuous nationwide network radio broadcast in America), He is also a professor of religion and family life at Brigham Young University (BYU). He was previously an anchor for CNN and WSEE-TV. He is a descendant of Susannah Stone Lloyd, a member of the Willie Handcart company.
Newell received a Ph.D. in Family Sciences from BYU in 1999.
He and his wife, Karmel, are the parents of four children.
Newell has written numerous books, including May Peace Be With You, The Divine Connection, Come Listen to a Prophet's Voice, The Healer's Art.
In 1990, Newell was appointed host of Music and the Spoken Word by Gordon B. Hinckley, who was then a counselor in the First Presidency of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Since May 2021, Newell has been serving as a counselor in a stake presidency.
References
External links
Biography at the official Music and the Spoken Word site
1956 births
American Latter Day Saints
Brigham Young University alumni
Brigham Young University faculty
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%20D.%20Newell |
Akidolestes is an extinct genus of mammals of the family Spalacotheriidae, a group of mammals related to therians (the subclass containing marsupials and placentals).
The genus name, Akidolestes, is derived from akido, Greek for point, and lestes, Greek for thief. Akido- refers to the pointed snout and -lestes is a common suffix for fossil mammals. The specific epithet, cifelli, is in honor of Richard L. Cifelli, a prominent researcher in prehistoric mammals.
An Akidolestes fossil preserved with a complete post-cranium and a partial skull was discovered in the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China. The holotype of Akidolestes cifellii, reserved in the Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has a complete skeleton with a partial skull and dentition. It displays characteristics of monotremes but appears to be more related to modern therian mammals.
Although it had some features similar to monotremes in the lumbar vertebrae, pelvis, and hindlimb, Akidolestes cifellii is still placed in the Spalacotheriidae family and close to Zhangheotherium and Maotherium. Those convergent synapomorphies might derive from a shared early common ancestor. Based on the analysis and comparison of anatomy and locomotory features of Akidolestes cifellii with its related taxa, there is a hypothesis that spalacotheroids might have evolved in Eurasia and then dispersed to North America, which is consistent with the geodispersal pattern common to several mammalian groups during the Early Cretaceous period.
Most fossils of Mesozoic mammals exist as teeth or jaw fragments only. Akidolestes cifellii was the third spalacotheroid species discovered with a complete skeleton in the Yixian Formation, after Zhangheotherium and Maotherium.
Description
Dentition
The Zhangheotheriidae and Spalacotheriidae families form the superfamily Spalacotheroidea. Akidolestes cifellii has acute triangulation of the molar cusp pattern, which is characteristic of Spalacotheroids. However, unlike the Maotherium, which has symmetrical premolar and molar patterns, Akidolestess premolars and molars are gradually longer, respectively. Also, Akidolestes has protocristid on its molars, which distinguish it other from Zhangheotherium and Maotherium. The mandible of Akidolestes cifellii is similar to that of Zhangheotherium and Maotherium. They all have a coronoid process and dentary condyle. At the same time, the structure and surface features of the teeth of Akidolestes are closer to spalacotheriids as compared with zhangheotheriids. Based on these overall dental characteristics, Akidolestes has been classified as a member of Spalacotheriidae.
Post-cranial skeleton
There are several features in Akidolestes cifellii that are similar to monotremes rather than more common Mesozoic mammals. In the original paper describing Akidolestes cifellii, the author compared Ornithorhynchus and Zhangheotherium with Akidolestes cifellii. Zhangheotherium, a Mesozoic mammal, belongs to the Spalacotheriidae family. Ornithorhynchus is a living monotreme.
On the pelvis, the epipubic bones of Akidolestes cifellii and Ornithorhynchus have a broad and triangular shape, but the epipubis of Zhangheotherium is a narrow bone. Both Ornithorhynchus and Akidolestes have the tubercle for the M. psoas minor muscle on the pubis and tuber coxae on the ilium, but those are absent in Zhangheotherium. On the femur, Zhangheotherium has a symmetrical distal medial condyle and a distal lateral condyle, but those condyles are more asymmetrical in both Akidolestes and Ornithorhynchus. Moreover, compared to Zhangheotherium, both Akidolestes and Ornithorhynchus have a shorter neck on the femur. On the fibula and tibia, Akidolestes and Ornithorhynchus have hypertrophied parafibular processes, proximolateral tuberosity of the tibia, and a distal tibial malleolus, all of which are absent in Zhangheotherium.
Except the pelvic girdle and hindlimbs, Akidolestes shares several forelimb features with living monotremes as well. Similar to its hindlimbs, Zhangheotherium has asymmetrical condyles on the humerus, but the condyles of the humerus on Akidolestes and Ornithorhynchus are asymmetrical. Additionally, Zhangheotherium and other Mesozoic mammals have a straight tibia, but the tibia on Akidolestes and Ornithorhynchus are more curved. Another striking feature of Akidolestes that is distinguishable from other Mesozoic mammals is the trochanter. The trochanter on Zhangheotherium is bigger, tall, and vertical, but the trochanter on Akidolestes is smaller, broader, and triangular in shape, which is similar to Ornithorhynchus.
Paleobiology
Differences in the post-cranial skeleton between Akidolestes cifellii and related taxa allow insights into ecological differentiation within early therian mammal evolution. Correlation between limb posture and locomotor function in Akidolestes cifellii indicates that the hypertrophied parafibular process on the fibula helped the flexed function of the knee joint. A short neck on the femur and asymmetrical condyles on the humerus indicate a horizontal orientation of the femur. Akidolestes probably had a parasagittal forelimb posture and most likely a semi-erect or sprawling posture for both forelimbs and hindlimbs.
Akidolestes is not considered a traditional terrestrial mammal like Zhangheotherium and Maotherium, although there is debate about whether asymmetrical femoral condyles suggest that Akidolestes was a terrestrial mammal or an arboreal mammal. In "Postcranial Skeleton of the Cretaceous Mammal Akidolestes cifellii and Its Locomotor Adaptations", the author argued that both Zhangheotherium and Maotherium are considered as terrestrial mammals, and they both have symmetrical knee joints. The author noted that asymmetrical femoral condyles indicate that Akidolestes lived in arboreal habitats, but the hypertrophied parafibula on the fibula and medial malleolus on the tibia suggests Akidolestes was a terrestrial mammal.
However, girdle is an important factor in inferring the habitat preference of Akidolestes as well. On the pectoral girdle, Akidolestes has glenoid fossa smaller than the humeral head, which offer a great range of rotation for the humerus. Moreover, Akidolestes has a scapula with a triangular outline, which is similar to Ornithorhynchus and Haldanodon, but the scapula of Zhangheotherium is rectangular in shape. Ornithorhynchus is a semifossorial and semiaquatic monotreme which can swim and burrow. Haldanodon is a terrestrial mammal, and it is semifossorial and semiaquatic as well. At the same time, the hook-like, large coracoid process on the scapula make Akidolestes closer to arboreal mammals than to terrestrial mammals. Overall, Akidolestes was likely a terrestrial mammal but not restricted to singular living habitats.
Geology and paleoenvironment
An Akidolestes cifellii fossil was found in the Yixian Formation. Yixian formation is one composition of Jehol Group. The Yixian Formation is dated to the Berriasian (145–140 mya). The stratum of the Yixian Formation is correlated with other localities including the Jingangshan Locality, Jianshangou Locality, and Lujiatun Locality. Other mammals found in the Yixian Formation include eutriconodontans, multituberculates, symmetrodonts, metatherians, and eutherians.
Classification
Akidolestes cifellii and Spalacotherium are sister taxa and share a common ancestor with Zhangheotherium. The clade that contains these three species is Spalacotheroidea, within the Trechnotherian group. The Theria clade includes Metatheria and Eutheria, which is the outgroup of Spalacotheroidea. Theriiformes includes Theria and Spalacotheroidea. (The cladogram below does not perfectly contain all important details due to a technical issue.) The cladogram is based on the content from "Evolution of the patellar sesamoid bone in mammals", "A cretaceous symmetrodont therian with some monotreme-like postcranial features", and Classification of Mammals Above the species Level.
References
External links
Press release from Carnegie Museum
Artist's impression, photograph of fossil, map of the locality, and simple phylogenetic tree
Prehistoric mammal genera
Mammal anatomy
Terrestrial locomotion
Berriasian life
Cretaceous mammals of Asia
Cretaceous China
Fossils of China
Fossil taxa described in 2006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akidolestes |
Artova is a town in Tokat Province in the Black Sea region of Turkey. It is the seat of Başçiftlik District. Its population is 3,731 (2022). It is located southwest of Tokat. A railway line through Artova connects the town in the north with Samsun and in the southwest with Sivas. The town's current mayor is Lütvü Yalçın (AKP).
References
Populated places in Tokat Province
Artova District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artova |
Asarcık is a municipality and district of Samsun Province, Turkey. Its area is 253 km2, and its population is 16,001 (2022).
Composition
There are 32 neighbourhoods in Asarcık District:
Acısu
Akyazı
Alan
Alişar
Arıcak
Armutlu
Aşuru
Atatürk
Ayaklıalan
Aydınköy
Biçincik
Çulhaoğlu
Dağcılar
Emirmusa
Esentepe
Gökgöl
Gülveren
Gündoğdu
Hisariye
İmamlı
Kesealan
Kılavuzlu
Koşaca
Kuyumcuoğlu
Musaağa
Sakızlık
Uluköy
Yarımca
Yaylaköy
Yeniömerli
Yeşildere
Yeşilköy
References
Populated places in Samsun Province
Districts of Samsun Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asarc%C4%B1k |
Aslanapa is a town in Kütahya Province in the Aegean region of Turkey. It is the seat of Aslanapa District. Its population is 1,793 (2022).
References
Populated places in Kütahya Province
Aslanapa District
District municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aslanapa |
Wneg or WNEG may refer to:
WNEG (AM), a radio station (630 AM) licensed to Toccoa, Georgia, United States
WGTA (TV), a television station (channel 32) licensed to Toccoa, Georgia, United States that previously used the "WNEG-TV" callsign
Weneg (pharaoh), Egyptian pharaoh of the second dynasty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNEG |
The Bertone Genesis or sometimes referred to as the Lamborghini Genesis was a Bertone designed concept car using Lamborghini parts. It was first displayed to the public at the 1988 Turin Auto Show.
The Genesis is a five-door minivan and features gull-wing doors in the front and sliding doors at the back. It was powered by the same 5.2 L V12 engine found in the Lamborghini Countach Quattrovalvole, mated to a 3 speed TorqueFlite automatic transmission sending power to the rear wheels. The Genesis was significantly slower than the Countach though, with a weight of around combined with the shorter gear ratios from the Chrysler 3-speed transmission. While the LM002 had recently finished production, freeing up potential assembly space for the Genesis, or a vehicle like it, it was never really intended to go beyond the show car design study.
References
Genesis
Minivans
Automobiles with gull-wing doors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertone%20Genesis |
Susan Corrock Luby (born November 30, 1951) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer, a member of the U.S. Ski Team in the early 1970s. Talented in all three disciplines, she had 16 top ten finishes in World Cup competition: 8 in downhill, 2 in giant slalom, and 6 in slalom.
Born in Seattle, Washington, Corrock skied as a youth at [Crysral Mountain] and later trained in Ketchum, Idaho at Sun Valley. She made her World Cup debut in January 1970 at the age of 18. Two years later, she won the bronze medal in the downhill at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo, Japan, the only podium of her international career. She later finished ninth in the slalom event, won by teammate Barbara Cochran; three Americans placed in the top ten. Corrock competed on the World Cup circuit for four seasons, retiring after the 1973 season at the age of 21.
In the real estate business, Corrock lived in Vail, Colorado, in the 1980s and later relocated to Spokane, Washington, with husband Bob Luby and their two children.
World Cup results
Season standings
Points were only awarded for top ten finishes (see scoring system).
Top ten finishes
16 top tens (8 DH, 2 GS, 6 SL)
Olympic results
From 1948 through 1980, the Winter Olympics were also the World Championships for alpine skiing.
References
External links
Susan Corrock World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation
1951 births
Living people
American female alpine skiers
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in alpine skiing
Alpine skiers at the 1972 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1972 Winter Olympics
People from Blaine County, Idaho
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20Corrock |
Shorty is a 2000 film produced by Noontide Filmworks, written, produced and directed by Jon Chang. The story follows Russell, aka "shorty", a modern urban Cyrano afflicted by his lack of height. shorty is played by Andre Canty, with Michele Persley as Venus and Frank Mayers as Eric. "Shorty" has screened at several film festivals in North America, and has received various awards, including the HBO "Short" Film Award at the 2001 Acapulco Black Film Festival, now known as the American Black Film Festival.
External links
2000 films
2000 comedy films
2000s English-language films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorty%20%28film%29 |
Aşkale is a municipality and district of Erzurum Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,507 km2, and its population is 21,494 (2022). The mayor is Ahmet Yaptırmış (AKP).
Kandilli Ski Resort, which hosts cross-country skiing and biathlon competitions at some international winter sports events, is situated in Aşkale.
Labour camps for non-Muslims
In 1942, the Varlık Vergisi (, "wealth tax" or "capital tax") was imposed on the minority non-Muslim citizens of Turkey (mainly Jews, Greeks, Armenians, and Levantines. Those unable to pay had to work off their debt in labor camps in Aşkale. Five thousand were sent to the Aşkale labor camp. The law was repealed on 15 March 1944, and minority citizens who were at the labour camps were sent back to their homes.
Composition
There are 75 neighbourhoods in Aşkale District:
3 Mart
Abdalcık
Akören
Altıntaş
Bahçelievler
Ballıtaş
Bozburun
Büyükgeçit
Cahitbayar
Çarşı
Çatalbayır
Çatören
Çayköy
Çiftlik
Dağyurdu
Dallı
Demirkıran
Dereköy
Düzyurt
Emek
Esentepe
Eyüpoğlu
Gökçebük
Gölören
Güllüdere
Gümüşseren
Güneyçam
Gürkaynak
Hacıbekir
Hacıhamza
Hacımahmut
Halitpaşa
Hatuncuk
Haydarhacı
İstasyon
Kandilli
Kapıkale
Karahasan
Karasu
Kavurmaçukuru
Kıbrıs
Koçbaba
Koşapınar
Küçükgeçit
Küçükova
Kükürtlü
Kurtmahmut
Merdivenköy
Meydan
Mezrea
Musadanışman
Nahiye Gölören
Ocaklı
Ovacık
Özler
Pırnakapan
Şafak
Saptıran
Sarıbaba
Sazlı
Taşağıl
Taşlıçayır
Tecer
Tepsicik
Tokça
Topalçavuş
Tosunlu
Tozluca
Turaç
Yaylaköy
Yaylayolu
Yaylımlı
Yeni
Yeşilova
Yumruveren
References
Populated places in Erzurum Province
Districts of Erzurum Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C5%9Fkale |
Çifteler is a municipality and district of Eskişehir Province, Turkey. Its area is 858 km2, and its population is 14,906 (2022). Its elevation is . It borders with Sivrihisar, Seyitgazi, Han and Mahmudiye districts, and Afyonkarahisar Province.
It was established as a district in 1951. The livelihood of the people of the region is based on animal husbandry, primarily agriculture. Aquaculture is also popular in Çifteler. The region, which was under the influence of Phrygian and Roman in ancient times, was known for grain production during the Ottoman period. The origin of the name is based on the fact that the region, which was called "Çifteli" in 1795, changed into Çifteler over time. Sakaryabaşı is offered to visitors as a natural beauty near the district.
Composition
There are 28 neighbourhoods in Çifteler District:
Abbashalimpaşa
Adalar
Alikan
Arslanlı
Başkurt
Belpınar
Çatmapınar
Çiftçi
Dikilikaya
Dikmen
Doğanay
Eminekin
Erbap
Hayriye
Ilıcabaşı
Kadıkuyusu
Körhasan
Orhaniye
Ortaköy
Osmaniye
Sadıroğlu
Saithalimpaşa
Sakarya
Sarıkavak
Yeni
Yenidoğan
Yıldızören
Zaferhamit
Notable natives
Gürer Aykal (born 1942), conductor
References
External links
Eskişehir governor's official website
Map of Çifteler district
Populated places in Eskişehir Province
Districts of Eskişehir Province
Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ifteler |
Avanos is a town in Nevşehir Province in the Cappadocia region of Central Anatolia, Turkey, located north of Nevşehir, the capital city of the province. It is the seat of Avanos District. Its population is 14,968 (2022). Historically known as Venessa, modern Avanos stands on the banks of the longest river of Turkey, the Kızılırmak (Red River), the ancient Halys.
Avanos' most important industry is pottery production, an industry which probably dates back to Hittite times and which makes use of clay from the red silt of the Kızılırmak. The town is also a popular tourist destination because of its attractive old town and riverside location.
Like the rest of Cappadocia, Avanos has a continental climate with very hot, dry summers, and cold, snowy winters.
History
Old Avanos is riddled with a network of small underground "cities" which may have once been residential but are now mainly used by the many pottery enterprises. Although there is no documented evidence to prove when these structures were carved out of the earth, it is probable that work on some of them began in the Hittite period.
As Venessa, ancient Avanos was the third most important town in the Kingdom of Cappadocia (332 BC17 AD) according to the geographer Strabo. Although it was the site of an important temple of Zeus, nothing remains of it today. In Roman and Byzantine times, Avanos had a large Christian population who were responsible for the rock-cut Dereyamanlı Kilisesi. Unusually, this is still occasionally used even today.
From 1867 until 1922, Avanos was part of Angora vilayet. Most of the visible remains of Avanos' history date from the 19th and early 20th centuries and take the form of many impressive stone houses, mostly built by the now-displaced Greek and Armenian populations. These houses are found in the older part of the city on the northern bank of the river. Avanos expanded rapidly in the early 2000s and there is now a lot of modern housing on the southern side of the river which was extensively landscaped and developed for recreational purposes in the years after 2010.
Attractions around Avanos
Çalış
In 2019 unexpected flooding in the small settlement of Çalış, north of Avanos town, led to the discovery of an approximately 5,000-year-old three-story underground town referred to as “Gir-Gör” (Enter and See) by locals. The five-kilometre-long "city" contained homes, tunnels, and places of worship. A small human figurine was discovered inside the site. According to the locals, the site was considered a source of healing water and was called “Caesar’s bath". It is not currently open to the public.
Zelve
About from Avanos and from Paşabağ, the site of Zelve was developed across three valleys on the steep northern slopes of Aktepe. It is not known exactly when people began living in the rock-cut dwellings in a troglodytic lifestyle common to other places in the region such as Uçhisar, Göreme and Cavuşin. An important Christian community lived in Zelve which was the religious centre for the area from the 9th to the 13th centuries. The first religious seminars for priests were held in the vicinity.
Paşabağ and Devrent
At Paşabağ there are a large number of distinctive fairy chimneys with particularly sharp points and thick trunks. There is even a police station inside one of them. Devrent is known for rock formations into which people read carvings such as a camel.
Çavuşin
The impressively frescoed Church of St John the Baptist (also known as the Nicephorus Phocas Church or the Great Pigeon House) stands beside the Avanos-Göreme road on the edge of the village of Çavuşin. It dates back to 964-965 AD. A second church, also called St John the Baptist, is harder to find inside the old part of the village.
Güllüdere
Dating back to the 6th or 7th century, the church of St. Agathangelus is located on the far left side of the Güllüdere valley about from the village of Çavuşin. The nave is square and ends in a single broad apse added to the main structure in the 9th or 10th century. The two or three layers of frescoes in the apse indicate that it was repainted regularly. Symbols of the Gospel writers are placed on the right and left of an enthroned Jesus. In the middle of the flat ceiling a relief cross is shown in the middle of a circle surrounded with palm leaves and garlands. It probably dates back to the Iconoclastic period.
Özkonak Underground City
Located northeast of Avanos, this underground city was carved out of the northern slopes of Mt. Idis in an area with many volcanic granite strata. Its extensive galleries are spread out over a large area and connected to one another by tunnels. The city was discovered in 1972 by the local muezzin and farmer Latif Acar when he was trying to discover where the water disappeared to when he was tending his crops. He uncovered one underground room which later turned out to be a whole "city" which might have housed an incredible 60,000 people for up to three months at a time. A total of 10 floors were discovered, dropping to a depth of 40m below ground, although only four are open to the public.
See also
Churches of Göreme, Turkey
Derinkuyu Underground City
Kaymaklı Underground City
Mokissos
Amaseia, Amasya
References
External links
District municipality's official website
Maps of Avanos
Zelve with pictures and information
Hundreds of pictures of Avanos
Travel Information for Avanos
Information about Pottery and the Hair Museum of Avanos
General information on Avanos, Governorship of Avanos.
District municipalities in Turkey
Cappadocia
Populated places in Avanos District
Byzantine church buildings in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avanos |
Amherst High School may refer to:
In Canada
Amherst Regional High School (Nova Scotia), Amherst, Nova Scotia
In the United States
Amherst High School (Nebraska), Amherst, Nebraska
Amherst High School (Wisconsin), Amherst, Wisconsin
Amherst Central High School, Amherst, New York
Amherst County High School, Amherst, Virginia
Amherst Regional High School (Massachusetts), Amherst, Massachusetts
Marion L. Steele High School (aka Amherst Steele High School), Amherst, Ohio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amherst%20High%20School |
Barbara Ann Cochran (born January 4, 1951) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist from the United States.
Born in Claremont, New Hampshire, Cochran was the second of four siblings of the famous "Skiing Cochrans" family of Richmond, Vermont, which has operated a small ski area in their backyard since 1961. Her father, Gordon "Mickey" Cochran, was a longtime coach, coaching youngsters of the Smuggler's Notch Ski Club, the University of Vermont Ski Team, and the U.S. Ski Team. The family has placed several generations of athletes on the U.S Ski Team: three-time national champion sister Marilyn, Barbara Ann, nine-time national champion brother Bob, and two-time national champion sister Lindy. The family's next generation includes niece Jessica Kelley, nephews Jimmy Cochran, Roger Brown, Tim Kelley, Robby Kelley, and son, Ryan Cochran-Siegle.
After retiring from competitions, Cochran graduated from college in Vermont, married Ron Williams, and published her book Skiing for Women. She eventually became a writer for The Washington Post.
Cochran now lives in her home in Starksboro, working hard on her own business, Golden Opportunities in Sports, Business, and Life, which teaches people how to handle the pressures of competition, work, academics, and any other obstacles that life throws at you. She is also working on a book that should soon be up and running. Cochran was inducted into the National Ski Hall of Fame in 1976, later joined by siblings Marilyn (1978) and Bob (2010). In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Cochran's name and picture. Cochran was also inducted into the then-recently established Vermont Sports Hall of Fame in 2013.
Career highlights
Gold medal in slalom at the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo, Japan
won by 0.02 seconds, the smallest winning margin in Olympic history.
Silver medal in slalom at the 1970 World Championships in Val Gardena, Italy
Three World Cup victories, 18 podiums, 45 top tens
Two-time U.S. national champion.
World Cup results
Season standings
Points were only awarded for top ten finishes (see scoring system).
Race podiums
3 wins – (2 SL, 1 GS)
18 podiums – (11 SL, 7 GS)
World Championship results (Val Gardena, Italy) were included in the World Cup standings in 1970.
Olympic results
From 1948 through 1980, the Winter Olympics were also the World Championships for alpine skiing.
See also
Skiing Cochrans
References
External links
U.S. Ski & Snowboard Hall of Fame – Barbara A. Cochran – inducted 1976
Vermont Sports Hall of Fame – Barbara Ann Cochran – inducted 2013
University of Vermont Athletics Hall of Fame – Barbara Ann Cochran – skiing – inducted 1988
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in alpine skiing
Alpine skiers at the 1972 Winter Olympics
American female alpine skiers
University of Vermont alumni
Skiers from Vermont
People from Claremont, New Hampshire
1951 births
Living people
Medalists at the 1972 Winter Olympics
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20Cochran |
Signau District is a district in Switzerland in the canton of Bern with its seat Signau.
From 1 January 2010, the district lost its administrative power while being replaced by the Emmental (administrative district), whose administrative centre is Langnau im Emmental.
Since 2010, it remains therefore a fully recognised district under the law and the Constitution (Art.3 al.2) of the Canton of Berne.
It includes nine municipalities in an area of 320 km²:
External links
Regierungsstatthalteramt Signau
References
Former districts of the canton of Bern | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signau%20District |
Axtell High School can refer to:
Axtell High School, in Axtell, Kansas
Axtell High School (Nebraska), Axtell, Nebraska
Axtell High School (Texas), Axtell, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axtell%20High%20School |
Peter Charles Larkin, (May 14, 1855 – February 3, 1930) was a Canadian businessman, diplomat and political patron.
Business career
Larkin, a world traveller who specialized in finding foodstuffs for import, was best known for founding the Salada Tea Company in 1892. Larkin introduced the concept of packaging tea in foil to maintain quality. Previously, tea had been sold in loose form. This innovation proved popular and soon became the industry standard, helping to establish Salada as a leading seller of tea in Canada and the northeastern U.S., with factories in Toronto, Montreal and Boston.
Political influence
Larkin was a close friend of Sir Wilfrid Laurier and William Lyon Mackenzie King. He was one of several wealthy supporters of the Liberal Party of Canada who contributed furniture, china and silver to Laurier House, the residence of Mackenzie King. In the late 1920s, Larkin raised $250,000 for Mackenzie King in order to give him financial security.
As Prime Minister of Canada, Mackenzie King appointed Larkin as Canadian high commissioner to the United Kingdom, a position he held until his death. Larkin was the driving force behind Canada's acquisition of the building later known as Canada House in London to house the Canadian high commission.
Personal life and death
On June 27, 1883, Larkin married Hannah Jean Ross in Cobourg, Ontario. They had one daughter and one son, Gerald Ross Larkin (1885–1961). The latter managed the Salada Tea Company from the 1920s until he retired in 1957.
On February 3, 1930, Larkin died at the age of 74 in London, England.
References
External links
Peter Charles Larkin – Library and Archives Canada website
1855 births
1930 deaths
Businesspeople from Montreal
High Commissioners of Canada to the United Kingdom
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Charles%20Larkin |
Diictodon is an extinct genus of pylaecephalid dicynodont. These mammal-like synapsids lived during the Late Permian period, approximately 255 million years ago. Fossils have been found in the Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone of the Madumabisa Mudstone of the Luangwa Basin in Zambia and the Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone of the Teekloof Formation, Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone of the Abrahamskraal Formation, Dicynodon Assemblage Zone of the Balfour Formation, Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone of the Middleton or Balfour Formation of South Africa and the Guodikeng Formation of China. Roughly half of all Permian vertebrate specimens found in South Africa are those of Diictodon. This small herbivorous animal was one of the most successful synapsids in the Permian period.
Characteristics
Appearance
Diictodon had disproportionally large heads that ended in a horny beak. ‘There is a clear distinction between specimens having canine tusks and those lacking them, as tusked specimens are generally larger and more likely to develop a pineal boss. This probably reflects sexual dimorphism, with the tusked sex almost certainly being the male.’ Diictodon had strong arms and legs, as well as 5 sharp claws on each hand, and may have had keen senses of smell and sight. Their gait was similar to the 'high walk' of crocodiles. Their jaws were also simplified, with some of the bones dedicated instead to hearing, considered a key sign of mammalian adaptation. Diictodon also had many adaptations for digging, such as highly developed muscles, a cylindrical body, and wide hands. Researchers Chinsmay and Rubridge analyzed seven other Dicynodonts species discovering the humerual bone microstructure in Diictidon showed no signs of growth marks indicating a variation in its growth strategy that further improved their ability to dig.
Lifestyle
As a therapsid, Diictodon shared many features with modern-day mammals. Most noticeably, they made burrows into the earth, but most reached up to in depth, suggesting that they might have been infrequent diggers and occupied abandoned burrows. Still, many scientists believe that Diictodon lived like the modern gopher. Their burrows could have been used to escape the heat of the desert, which was the dominant environment on the continent of Pangaea in the Late Permian Period. Inside these burrows, nests have been found, where Diictodon skeletons are present. They constituted of quite a gregarious lifestyle with numerous burrows in 500 square meters of space. However, their burrows were unconnected and did not form any large colonies. Many Diictodon nested close to flood plains, and some specimens may have been killed as water flowed into the nests, drowning the animals. Diictidon’s primary utilization of humeral excursion rather than forearm extension aided in employing rotation thrusting when burrowing. Diictodon had no known rival species competing in its niche, so they may have competed primarily with others of their species for the little plant material available. Fossils of infant Diictodon discovered in brood chambers in some burrows suggest there was parental care in the genus, and that males seem to have been involved in raising the infants, based on the fact that some adults in said burrows had tusks.
Diet
Like all dicynodonts, Diictodon were herbivorous. They used their beaks to break off pieces of the sparse desert shrubs. Like modern desert animals, Diictodon may have had unusually efficient digestive systems, due to the lack of nutrients present in desert plants. As burrowing animals, they may have fed off of water-rich plant tubers.
Sexual Dimorphism
Previously, tusked individuals were considered males, while tuskless individuals were considered females. Differences in pelvic structure may be the other evidence for sexual dimorphism.
References
Further reading
Dicynodonts
Wuchiapingian genus first appearances
Wuchiapingian genus extinctions
Lopingian synapsids of Africa
Permian South Africa
Fossils of South Africa
Beaufort Group
Fossils of Zambia
Lopingian synapsids of Asia
Permian China
Fossils of China
Fossil taxa described in 1876
Anomodont genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diictodon |
The following lists events that happened during 2000 in Afghanistan.
Incumbents
De facto head of state: Mohammed Omar
President: Burhanuddin Rabbani
Events
February
February 10 - The hijacking of an Ariana (Afghani airline) Boeing 727 aircraft, which was seized on an internal flight, and forced to fly via Central Asia to Moscow and then on to the UK, ends peacefully at Stansted airport north of London.
March
Ismail Khan, a former governor of Herat and leading opponent of the ruling Taliban regime, escapes from prison in Kandahar.
April
April 13 - After reaching an agreement with the UNHCR, Iran started a repatriation program that would send 7,700 Afghan refugees back to their homeland over the next three weeks.
April 15 - Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan authorities in Afghanistan arrested two Arabs on suspicion of spying. The suspects were flown from Kabul to Kandahar and were being held there under tight security.
April 17 - Speaking at the Tashkent University of World Economy and Diplomacy, United States Secretary of State Madeleine Albright promised $10 million in aid to Uzbekistan to help secure its border with Afghanistan. She called on the nations bordering Afghanistan to form open and democratic societies as a defense against extremism and terrorism. Albright also announced that the U.S. government was giving US$3 million apiece to help train border patrols in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan and to buy four-wheel drive vehicles for the rugged terrain.
April 17 - Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan aircraft carried out a number of sorties over the regions of Khasor and Lama in Saripul Province, Afghanistan.
April 18 - The Afghani lost over 25% of its value, increasing inflation in Afghanistan.
April 19 - The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan shut down the money market in Kabul, Afghanistan to stop a freefall of the Afghani currency. Valued at 55,075 to the U.S. dollar on March 31, by April 19 it traded at 75,000.
April 19 - Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan authorities signed agreements with the UAE-based SURIA Satellite Company and the Chinese EIIC Company to revive the communication sector in Afghanistan.
April 20 - Three people were killed and a number wounded in a clash between the Taliban and Hezb-e-Wahdat forces in Dara-e-Souf district, Samangan province, Afghanistan.
April 20 - Three people were killed and ten others injured in fighting between the Taliban and Ahmed Shah Masood forces in Parwan province, Afghanistan.
April 20 - Fatima Gilani, the head of the Association of the Women of Afghanistan, met in Islamabad, Pakistan with members of Amnesty International.
April 20 - UNICEF announced that over the past three weeks the measles had killed nearly 100 children in Tolak district, Ghor province, Afghanistan, and over 50 children in the Yaftalafain district of Badakhshan province. This brought the death toll to more than 1000. The outbreak first erupted in Dara-e-Souf district, Samangan province in January. UNICEF dispatched vaccine and other medicines to the areas.
April 20 - A six-month repatriation program designed by Iran and the UNHCR for Afghan refugees began. Under the agreement, 3000 refugees would be repatriated to Afghanistan every week.
April 21 - Warring factions in Afghanistan agreed to a three-day cease-fire (starting May 1) to allow the U.N. to carry out a polio vaccination campaign.
April 21 - In Dushanbe, Tajikistan, U.N. Special Envoy for Afghanistan Francesc Vendrell held peace talks with Northern Alliance commander Ahmed Shah Masood, former Nangarhar province governor Haji Abdul Qadeer and former member of the ousted Rabbani government Syed Hussain Anwari.
April 21 - Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan leadership distanced itself from posters circulating in Pakistan in which Osama bin Laden called for a holy war against the United States.
April 22 - The Northern Alliance accused the Taliban of executing at least 26 people in the Gusfandi district after the area fell to Taliban forces.
April 22 - Swarms of locusts descended on drought-hit wheat crops and fruit orchards in Baghlan province, Afghanistan.
April 22 - The Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan appealed to Pakistan to change its policy towards the Taliban and to condemn Taliban atrocities against Afghan women.
April 22 - In Taluqan, Takhar province, Afghanistan, Ahmed Shah Masood, Abdul Rashid Dostum, Abdullah, Waheedullah Sabawoon and Hisamuddin met to discuss attack strategies against the Taliban.
April 23 - At a U.N. guesthouse in downtown Kabul, Afghanistan, an Easter service was held for International aid workers.
April 23 - In Peshawar, Pakistan, three gunmen killed Maulvi Mohammad Siddiqullah, a former commander of Hezbi Islami.
April 24 - In the Dara-I-Nur district area in Nangarhar province, Afghanistan, dozens were killed in a clash between Taliban forces and supporters of Hazrat Ali, commander of the defunct Eastern Shoora. Taliban forces made a two kilometer advance in the area.
April 24 - Northern Alliance forces captured three Taliban military posts in Parwan province. Five Taliban militiamen were killed in the attack. The Taliban claimed these offensives were illegal under international rules because they occurred during an agreed cease fire meant to allow the U.N. to carry out a polio vaccination campaign. The Taliban voiced concerns that the U.N. made no condemnation of the breach by the Northern Alliance.
April 25 - In an attempt to bolster the Afghani, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan banned the use of foreign currency to buy and sell goods.
April 25 - The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan foreign ministry accused the United Nations of being an enemy of Islam and of favoring the Northern Alliance.
April 25 - The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and Iran signed a cooperation accord to check growing drug trafficking along their mutual border.
April 26 - Under a decree by Supreme Leader Mulla Mohammed Omar, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan released approximately 300 opposition prisoners from the Pul-e-Charkhi prison in central Kabul. Many of those released were elderly. The decree was described as a goodwill gesture to mark the anniversary of the defeat of Afghanistan's communist government in 1992. About 1,500 prisoners remained in the jail.
April 27 - The World Food Program reported that the drought situation in Kandahar province and Zabul province were desperate. The Koochi people had lost up to 80% of their cattle and irrigation systems built to collect rainwater had dried up. Apricot and almond trees had withered and were without fruit. Camels were dying. Since February, the WFP had been feeding 30,000 families in the region and planned on adding another 10,000 families in May. The WFP was offering Afghans additional flour as an incentive if they remain in their villages.
April 27 - In Afghanistan, Taliban forces thwarted Northern Alliance offensives on the Bagram Air Base, Kala Masroor, and Ghorband front, killing six and arresting 18.
April 27 - In Kabul, Afghanistan, a 6-member Finnish parliamentary delegation visited the Afghan Foreign Minister Maulvi Wakil Ahmed Mutawakel.
April 27 - The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was not invited to the two-day summit of the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) in Islamabad, Pakistan. Ministers met to discuss transportation and communication.
April 27 - Dozens of Afghans awaiting the decision of their requests for asylum staged a demonstration in front of the Parliament House in Stockholm, Sweden. They called on officials to quicken their requests for immigration and positively respond to them.
April 28 - Fransesc Vendrell, the United Nations Secretary General's special envoy for Afghanistan, visited Kabul to promote peace. Vendrell met with Afghan Foreign Minister Wakil Ahmed Muttawakil.
April 28 - The United Nations Comprehensive Disabled Afghans Program launched an appeal for US$1 million extra funds for rehabilitation of 10,000 more landmine survivors in Afghanistan.
April 30 - During talks with the Kazakhstani Prime Minister, Iranian Vice President Habibi said the situation in Afghanistan posed threats to the security of the neighboring nations.
April 30 - Pakistani forces near South Waziristan prevented smugglers from bringing anti-aircraft guns, mortar guns and over shells into the country.
May
May 1 - The annual U.S. report on international terrorism was released and named Afghanistan as posing a major terrorist threat, partly because it sheltered Osama bin Laden. The report also said that Pakistan refused to end support for groups that trained terrorists in Afghanistan and in Pakistan itself and that Pakistan did not close schools that serve as conduits for terrorism.
May 1 - In a sports stadium in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan, before a crowd of several thousand spectators, a woman found guilty of committing adultery was stoned to death.
May 1 - In Kunar province, Afghanistan, two Pakistani employees of the Bajaur Agency were killed and a third was injured when they resisted a robbery attempt.
May 1 - More than 100 members of the Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan held a demonstration in Washington, DC condemning the Taliban.
May 2 - Eric de Mul, the U.N. humanitarian coordinator for Afghanistan, made an urgent appeal for US$1.8 million for Afghan people affected by tremendous drought.
May 2 - A magnitude 5.6 earthquake hit the mountainous border between Afghanistan and Tajikistan, southeast of Dushanbe.
May 2 - In Kabul, Afghanistan, Afghan foreign minister Maulvi Wakil Ahmed Mutawakel met with a Canadian delegation to discuss drugs, terrorism and human rights.
May 3 - Northern Alliance leader Haji Abdul Qadeer admitted that one of their key commanders, Abdullah Jan Wahidi, had defected to the Taliban.
Early May - Peace talks are held between representatives of the warring factions in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. An earlier round of talks in March ended inconclusively.
Mid-May - The Iranian government decides to secure the Iran-Afghanistan border with the construction of walls and high-security fencing along the almost 1,000 km stretch of desert.
May 23 - Russia threatens air strikes against "terrorist training camps," in response to which the Taliban authorities warn neighbouring countries of retaliation if they play host to Russian forces launching such attacks. They also come to an agreement with the military authorities in Islamabad to close down camps training Pakistani nationals, and assure Tang Jiaxuan, Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China, in late July that they will not tolerate Chinese Muslim extremists using Afghan territory for military training.
June
Early June - The UN calls for immediate international drought relief of around U.S. $67 million to aid over 10 million people affected by severe droughts across Afghanistan.
July
July 1 - Government forces clash with troops loyal to northern mujahideen commander Ahmad Shah Masood around Bagram airbase, just north of Kabul. Both sides claim to have inflicted heavy casualties.
July 9 - Mary McMakin, a U.S. aid worker in her 70s who has spent the last 30 years in Afghanistan, is arrested in Kabul on suspicion of espionage. The U.S. government calls the accusations "ridiculous."
Mid-July - The Taliban authorities order the UN and foreign aid agencies to dismiss all Afghan women working for them.
Mid- to late July 2000 - Kabul is hit by five bomb attacks in two weeks. The Taliban authorities accuse saboteurs of trying to create the impression of anarchy in the capital.
Late July - The authorities announce the arrest of Commander Bashir Baghlani, a key Taliban leader in the northern regions, on suspicion of colluding with anti-government forces.
July 27 - The Taliban issued a decree banning opium poppy cultivation.
July 31 - The Taliban authorities announce that the severe drought affecting much of the country was God's punishment for the people's neglect of their religious beliefs.
August
September
Early September - Despite encouraging hints of peace initiatives brokered by neighbouring Turkmenistan in late August, Taliban forces press on with their attack on the opposition Northern Alliance's northeast supply routes, taking the key town of Taloqan after heavy fighting.
September - The Taliban regime steps up its efforts to gain diplomatic and UN recognition, having reinforced its claims to effective control of the country thanks to military successes in the northeast. The U.S. sustains its criticisms over drug trafficking, support for terrorism, and a "deplorable human rights record," although State Department officials do meet Taliban representatives in Washington, D.C., on September 29 to discuss these issues.
Mid-September - Around 150,000 people are said to be heading for the sealed border with Tajikistan in the wake of the successful advance of Taliban forces in the north of the country. The refugees include almost the entire population of Taloqan.
Mid-September - Although Afghanistan remains the world's biggest producer of opium, the UN drug control agency announces that the country's crop for 2000 appears to be 30% smaller than that harvested in 1999. Despite the agency's program to convince local farmers to grow other crops, the fall may be solely due to the terrible drought affecting the region.
Mid-September - The Taliban authorities announce that traders arriving from Pakistan will be allowed to transport their goods through Afghanistan without paying customs duties. Taliban deputy commerce minister Faiz Faizan also says that any foreigners are welcome to invest in the country tax-free.
October
October 10 - A three-day cease-fire is called to allow UN medical officers to continue providing polio vaccinations for children displaced by the fighting. A massive campaign to immunize approximately 4.5 million children in Afghanistan, one of only 30 countries where the disease still exists, began in early June.
Late October - A ban on the farming of opium poppy, from which heroin is derived, starts to be implemented by the Taliban authorities. The fatwa against opium poppy cultivation had been pronounced in July 2000, after which followed a period when local shuras disseminated the information among the population. Finally, in October 2000 the shuras started the enforcement of the opium cultivation ban.
November
Mid-November - Commander Mahmoud Surkha of the Northern Alliance defects to the Taliban claiming dissatisfaction with Russian interference in the resistance movement. The Northern Alliance denies the allegation but says that it has the right to seek international assistance as the recognized government of Afghanistan.
Late November - Kazakhstan becomes the latest Central Asian country to relax its attitude to the Taliban regime when it announces it will establish regular contact with the Islamic administration. Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have already expressed a willingness to talk to the regime.
December
Mid-December - Fearing a violent response to a UN resolution tightening international sanctions against the Taliban regime, non-Afghan UN staff are gradually withdrawn from the country, resulting in their complete absence in Afghanistan from December 19.
December 19 - The UN Security Council adopts Resolution 1333 that expands the regime of anti-Taliban sanctions imposed by Resolution 1267 back in 1999. The key drivers behind the new Resolution are Russia and the US. UN Secretary General, UN relief officials and some analysts like Barnett Rubin express disappointment with the severity of the imposed sanctions.
Late December 2000 - The return of exiled opposition leader Karim Khalili from Iran prompts a new offensive by the Northern Alliance in north-central Afghanistan. The governing Taliban regime admits it has temporarily lost control of the central town of Yakawlang, near Bamyan, but denies opposition claims of further gains in neighbouring Ghor Province.
December 30 - Anti-Taliban Shi'a Islam groups Wahdat-i-Islami and Harakat-i-Islami captured the Yakaolang District in Bamyan Province, Afghanistan.
References
Afghanistan
Years of the 20th century in Afghanistan
Afghanistan
2000s in Afghanistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20in%20Afghanistan |
The range of area codes 900–999 in Mexico is reserved for Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Puebla, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz and Yucatán.
(For other areas, see Area codes in Mexico by code.)
External links
http://www.rebtel.com/en/phone-codes/Mexico/
https://ladamx.com.mx/clave-lada-999/
http://mexicotelefonos.com/codigos/
http://www.sre.gob.mx/austin/Util/LadasMexico.html
http://www.aproxima.es/llamadas/mexico.html
9 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20codes%20in%20Mexico%20by%20code%20%28900%E2%80%93999%29 |
Bennington High School may refer to:
Bennington High School (Bennington, Nebraska) in Bennington, Nebraska
Bennington High School (Bennington, Kansas) in Bennington, Kansas
Bennington High School (Bennington, Oklahoma) in Bennington, Oklahoma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennington%20High%20School |
Robert E. Rich Sr. (July 7, 1913 – February 15, 2006) was a food processing pioneer and executive. During World War II, he invented the first non-dairy whipped topping made from soybeans that could be frozen.
Born in Buffalo, New York, he founded Rich Products in 1945, which had sales of $2.5 billion on more than 2,300 products in 2005, the year before he died at age 92 in Palm Beach, Florida. His son, Robert Jr., inherited the company and is the owner of the Buffalo Bisons minor league baseball team.
Biography
Rich attended Bennett High School in Buffalo, where his father, Pal Rich, owned an ice cream plant. He received his undergraduate education from the University at Buffalo, where he was captain of both football and wrestling. He was also a member of Alpha Kappa Psi and Bisonhead, an all-male secret society on campus. He was later inducted into the University at Buffalo, The State University of New York Athletic Hall of Fame.
After borrowing money from his father, he started the Wilbur Dairy Company (later renamed the Jones-Rich Milk Company) in 1935. The success of his cream substitute brought a series of lawsuits from the dairy industry in an effort to stop distribution of his product. Rich prevailed in every case. At his death, he was one of the wealthiest people in the world, reportedly worth $2 billion, and his company was the largest family-owned food products company in America.
Sports properties
Rich owned three minor league baseball teams, most notably the Buffalo Bisons, Triple-A International League affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays. The other two teams are the Northwest Arkansas Naturals (Double-A affiliate of the Kansas City Royals), and the West Virginia Black Bears (formerly the Jamestown Jammers, the Single-A Short Season affiliate of the Pittsburgh Pirates).
His older son continued this, and added some sponsorships:
On November 4, 2010, Bob Rich announced that Rich Products shall be the official kit sponsor of the English Northern League Division One team Bedlington Terriers F.C.
In 2013, Rich's Farm Rich brand became sponsor for Front Row Motorsports' David Ragan in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, and in its first race as sponsor, Ragan won the 2013 Aaron's 499 at Talladega Superspeedway; Farm Rich again served as Ragan's sponsor at Richmond International Raceway in the 2013 Federated Auto Parts 400.
Rich's
Due to pressure from the dairy industry, Rich Products was sued in 36 states, the founder's older son Robert E. Rich Jr. said, and won 40 out of 41 cases. The company's CoffeeRich product, marketed with a series of national ads featuring George Burns, did well: "its sales soared, particularly among Jews who kept kosher and were forbidden to put cream in their coffee while eating meat."
"The elder Rich was considered one of the founding fathers of the frozen food industry" is how a local business newspaper summarized his business success.
References
Sources and external links
http://www.richs.com/roberterich/roberterich.html
http://richs.com/about/rer.asp
http://www.wealthiest1000.com/people/RobertERich.htm
Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame
http://www.wgrz.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=35436
http://www.buffaloathome.com/Sports.aspx
http://www.hbs.edu/leadership/database/leaders/754/
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/17/business/17richOBT.html
http://www.economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=5545266
1913 births
2006 deaths
People in food and agriculture occupations
Businesspeople from Buffalo, New York
20th-century American businesspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20E.%20Rich%20Sr. |
Otto Georg Thierack (19 April 188926 October 1946) was a German Nazi jurist and politician.
Early life and career
Thierack was born in Wurzen in Saxony. He took part in the First World War from 1914 to 1918 as a volunteer, reaching the rank of lieutenant. He suffered a facial injury and was decorated with the Iron Cross, second class. After the war ended, he resumed his interrupted law studies and ended them in 1920 with his Assessor (junior lawyer) examination. In the same year, he was hired as a court Assessor in Saxony.
Joining the Nazi Party
On 1 August 1932, Thierack joined the Nazi Party. After the Nazis seized power in 1933, he managed within a very short time to rise high in the ranks from a prosecutor to President of the People's Court (Volksgerichtshof). The groundwork on which this rise was built was not merely that Thierack had been a Nazi Party member, but rather also that he had been leader of the National Socialist jurists' organization, the so-called Rechtswahrerbund.
Justice Minister of Saxony
On 12 May 1933, having been appointed Saxony's justice minister, it was Thierack's job to "nazify" justice, which was a part of the Nazis' Gleichschaltung (Coordination) that he had to put into practice in Saxony. After going through several mid-level professional posts, he became Vice President of the Reich Court in 1935 and in May 1936 President of the Volksgerichtshof, which had been newly founded in 1934. He held this job, interrupted as it was by two stints in the armed forces, until August 1942, when he was succeeded in the position by Roland Freisler. On 20 August 1942, he succeeded Hans Frank as President of the Academy for German Law.
Reich Minister of Justice
On 24 August 1942, Thierack assumed the office of Reich Minister of Justice. He introduced the monthly Richterbriefe in October 1942, in which were presented model – from the Nazi leaders' standpoint – decisions, with names left out, upon which German jurisprudence was to be based. He also introduced the so-called Vorschauen and Nachschauen ("previews" and "inspections"). After this, the higher state court presidents, in proceedings of public interest, had at least every two weeks to discuss with the public prosecutor's office and the State Court president – who had to pass this on the responsible criminal courts – how a case was to be judged before the court's decision.
When he became Reich Minister of Justice in August 1942, Thierack saw to it that the lengthy paperwork involved in clemency proceedings for those sentenced to death was greatly shortened. In September of that year, he caused all those in custody who were "Jews, Gypsies, Russians, Poles sentenced to over three years, Czechs, or Germans serving a sentence of over eight years" to be classified as "asocial elements" and transferred to Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler to be exterminated through work.
At Thierack's instigation, the execution shed at Plötzensee Prison in Berlin was outfitted with eight iron hooks in December 1942 so that several people could be put to death at once, by hanging (there had already been a guillotine there for quite a while). The mass executions began on 7 September 1943 but due to their rapidity some prisoners were hanged "by mistake". Thierack dismissed these as errors and demanded that the hangings continue. Thierack was named to continue as Minister of Justice in Hitler's political testament. He served in the brief Goebbels cabinet but was dismissed on 5 May 1945 by Hitler's successor, Reichspräsident Karl Dönitz.
Arrest and suicide
The Allies arrested Thierack after the end of World War II. Before he was brought to trial before the court at the Nuremberg Judges' Trial, Thierack committed suicide in Sennelager, Paderborn, by poisoning himself.
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Biographical overview at the German Historical Museum
1889 births
1946 deaths
German Army personnel of World War I
Holocaust perpetrators in Germany
Judges in the Nazi Party
Jurists from Saxony
Members of the Academy for German Law
Nazi Germany ministers
Nazi Party politicians
Nazis who committed suicide in Germany
Nazis who died by suicide in prison custody
People from the Kingdom of Saxony
People from Wurzen
Suicides by cyanide poisoning
1946 suicides
Prisoners who died in British military detention | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20Georg%20Thierack |
Leadership High School is a public charter high school located in San Francisco. Founded in 1997, Leadership or "LHS" was California's first start-up charter high school. The school provides a college-preparatory curriculum and focuses on leadership development and social justice.
During the school's first two years, it operated out of Golden Gate University. It then moved to the Excelsior District and occupied an elementary school facility owned by San Francisco Unified School District. In January 2007, the school was forced to move from that location, because the building was determined to not be earthquake-safe. Between January 2007 and June 2008, the school shared a facility with Philip and Sala Burton High School. Between August 2008 and spring 2015, the school shared a facility with James Denman Middle School, exclusively occupying the top floor of the building. As of Spring 2015, Leadership is again occupying its original Excelsior District site, after SFUSD completed a modernization project there. The current address of the school is 350 Seneca Avenue, San Francisco, CA.
The school enrolls approximately 270 students. By 2012, there were over 500 graduates, with over 95% going on to college.
(This school is not related to "Leadership Public Schools," a network of 4 charter high schools in the San Francisco Bay Area.)
The school has had four leaders in its history. The school is led by Principal Beth Silbergeld. School web site
NOTE, Leadership High School merged with City Arts and Tech High School in 2022 to become City Arts and Leadership Academy
Coalition of Essential Schools (CES)
In 1997 Leadership became a Coalition of Essential Schools National Affiliate School.
Demographics
According to U.S. News & World Report, 99% of Leadership's student body is "of color," with 73% of the student body coming from an economically disadvantaged household, determined by student eligibility for California's Reduced-price meal program.
See also
San Francisco County high schools
References
External links
Leadership High School - official website
SFUSD portal page
CALFEE, SF public schools guide
Coalition of Essential Schools
High schools in San Francisco
Charter high schools in California
1997 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadership%20High%20School |
The Overland Monthly was a monthly literary and cultural magazine, based in California, United States. It was founded in 1868 and published between the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.
History
The Overland Monthly was founded in 1868 by Anton Roman, a Bavarian-born bookseller who moved to California during the Gold Rush. He had recently published the poems of Charles Warren Stoddard and a collection of verse by California writers called Outcroppings. The magazine's first issue was published in July 1868, edited by Bret Harte in San Francisco, and continued until late 1875. Roman, who hoped his magazine would "help the material development of this Coast", was originally concerned that Harte would "lean too much toward the purely literary". Harte, in turn, was skeptical at first that there would be enough quality content provided from local authors. The first issue included contributions from the "Golden State Trinity": Harte, Stoddard, and Ina Coolbrith.
Despite the positive response from critics and the magazine's profitability, publisher Anton Roman sold the Overland Monthly in June 1869 for $7,500 to John Carmany. Harte immediately offered the new owner a list of demands, including a raise to $200 a month and a guarantee of his complete editorial control of each issue. Carmany agreed to his terms, and Harte was able to leave his job at the San Francisco Mint to devote his full attention to the Overland Monthly. The publication continued to thrive in this period; Mark Twain reported that he had "heard it handsomely praised by some of the most ponderous of America's literary chiefs."
In the September 1870 issue, Harte published what became his most well-known work, "Plain Language from Truthful James", later known as "The Heathen Chinee". That year, with his popularity soaring, Harte considered a professorship at the University of California, Berkeley or an offer to purchase the Overland Monthly, but declined both. Instead, he left California and traveled east to seek broader literary fame.
The original publishers, in 1880, started The Californian, which became The Californian and Overland Monthly in October 1882. In January 1883, the effort reverted to The Overland Monthly (starting again with Volume I, number 1). The 1884 volume contained a commitment to present content "free of advertising taint," explaining that no article would appear that was not "in good faith what it appears to be." It was based in San Francisco until at least 1921. In 1923 the magazine merged with Out West to become Overland Monthly and the Out West magazine, and ended publication in July 1935.
Contributors
Noted writers, editors, and artists associated with the magazine included:
Robert Ingersoll Aitken
Ambrose Bierce
Noah Brooks
Alice Cary
Willa Cather
Charles W. Chesnutt
Frona Eunice Wait Colburn
Bret Harte
Ina Coolbrith
Edgar Fawcett
Henry George
John Brayshaw Kaye
Charmian Kittredge
Netta Eames
Clarence King
Kinahan Cornwallis
Jack London
Josephine Clifford McCracken
Joaquin Miller
John Muir
Hugo Wilhelm Arthur Nahl
Lola Ridge
Charles Taze Russell
Stephen Powers
William Saroyan
Herman George Scheffauer
Charles Howard Shinn
Milicent Shinn
Clark Ashton Smith
Josephine Spencer
Charles Warren Stoddard
Augustus Gabriel de Vivier Tassin
Douglas Tilden
Mark Twain
Frances Fuller Victor
Laura Lyon White
Joseph Widney
Editors include:
Milicent Shinn 1883-1894
Rounsevelle Wildman, editor 1894-1897
References
External links
Archive 1868-1900: University of Michigan, Making of America Journals collection online
More issues, into the 1900s: Archive.org
Persistent Serial Archives at The Online Books Page, University of Pennsylvania
Guide to the Overland Monthly Records, at The Bancroft Library
Overland Monthly from Encyclopedia.com
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Magazines published in San Francisco
Defunct literary magazines published in the United States
History of California
History of the American West
Magazines established in 1868
Magazines disestablished in 1923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overland%20Monthly |
Bloomfield High School may refer to:
Canada
Bloomfield High School (Halifax, Nova Scotia), Halifax, Nova Scotia
United States
Bloomfield High School (Connecticut), Bloomfield, Connecticut, US
Bloomfield High School (Bloomfield, Nebraska), Bloomfield, Nebraska, US
Bloomfield High School (Bloomfield, Indiana), Bloomfield, Indiana, US
Bloomfield High School (Bloomfield, Missouri), Bloomfield, Missouri, US
Bloomfield High School (New Jersey), Bloomfield, New Jersey, US
Bloomfield High School (Bloomfield, New Mexico), Bloomfield, New Mexico, US
Bloomfield High School (Bloomfield, New York), Bloomfield, New York, US
Bloomfield High School (North Bloomfield, Ohio), North Bloomfield, Ohio, US | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomfield%20High%20School |
The St. Catharines municipal election of 1997 was held to elect a mayor and councillors for the city of St. Catharines, Ontario.
Results
Results taken from the Hamilton Spectator, 11 November 1997, B9. The final official results were not significantly different.
1997 Ontario municipal elections
1997 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20St.%20Catharines%20municipal%20election |
Julián Grimau García (18 February 1911 – 20 April 1963) was a Spanish politician, member of the Communist Party of Spain, executed during Francisco Franco's Francoist State.
Political activities
Initially active in the Federal Republican Party and the Republican Left, he joined the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) upon the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. Grimau spent the war years in Barcelona, where his father had been a police inspector. He was in charge of a notorious Republican prison in Barcelona from 1937 to 1938, where numerous Nationalist prisoners were executed. When the Second Spanish Republic was defeated by Francisco Franco's nationales in 1939, he sought political asylum in Latin America, and later settled in France.
Grimau became one of the PCE leaders, joining the Central Committee after its Congress in Prague (1954). In 1959, he took charge of the "internal" wing of the party which operated clandestinely in Francoist Spain, living secretly in the country on various occasions.
Subsequently, Grimau became one of the Francoists most sought-after enemies, causing many historians to wonder about the reason for his ill-fated 1962 arrival in the capital. No convincing explanation has yet been identified, but former PCE leaders such as Jorge Semprún have suggested that General Secretary Santiago Carrillo wanted to have Grimau removed from party leadership and deliberately facilitated his arrest in November.
Arrest
Julián Grimau was ambushed while traveling by bus, the only other two passengers being members of the Spanish secret police. He was taken to the Puerta del Sol headquarters of the General Security Directorate (DGS, nowadays the seat of the Comunidad de Madrid administration). Grimau fell from a second-storey window, suffering serious injuries to his skull and both of his wrists. He later claimed to his lawyers that he had been subjected to torture while in the building, and had actually been flung head first from the window by the police. Minister of the Interior Manuel Fraga Iribarne claimed that Grimau was treated properly and threw himself out the window for an "unexplainable" reason, presumably attempted suicide.
Trial
Grimau was not placed under arrest for his activities in the clandestine movement (which would have been punished with imprisonment), but rather for his role in the Civil War, accusing him of the more serious crimes of torturing and killing prisoners, along with "armed rebellion." Grimau was accused by witnesses that he acted as torturer and executioner in a checa (Spanish slang for a secret leftist prison-torture centre modelled on the Soviet secret police Cheka) while in Barcelona. This charge was backed by anarchists - who accused Grimau of being a prominent member of the Republic's political police, the Servicio de Información Militar (SIM), and of having tortured and murdered anti-Stalinist soldiers in the International Brigade. The usually applied statutes had a 25-year statute of limitations, so an 1894 statute with a thirty-year statute of limitations was applied instead.
Jorge Semprún (Federico Sanchez), member of the Executive Committee of the PCE, wrote in his well-known Autobiografia de Federico Sanchez the following:
Since Grimau was tried by a military tribunal, and there were few military jurists available, his prosecutor was a man of limited experience - in fact, Manuel Fernández Martín had never studied law, which he concealed by claiming (as did many other Francoist lawyers then) that he had studied during the Civil War and his diplomas burned in the bombings (which was proven false only three decades later, upon which Fernández Martín was sentenced to prison). Grimau's defender, Alejandro Rebollo Álvarez-Amandi, was the only person with legal experience in the courtroom .
The trial opened in Madrid on Thursday 18 April 1963, in a courtroom packed with journalists. Rebollo argued that the trial should be thrown out of court nullified according to the laws of the time. The charges were never backed by evidence: witnesses for the prosecution declared that they knew of his actions "by hearsay", the rumors never being confirmed. After less than five hours of trial, Grimau was sentenced to death, without deliberation.
The law applied (Ley de Responsabilidades Políticas, "Political Responsibilities Law") had been created especially for prosecuting Republic supporters (in 1938), and had not been consistently applied ever since the years immediately following the war. Moreover, the government had just approved the creation of a Public Order Tribunal (on 1 April), which was to replace the old legal institutions created during the war. Franco himself ordered for the law to be postponed until after Grimau's shooting.
International pressure
Spain's claim to the outside world that the war's legacy had been left behind contrasted with the events of Grimau's trial. An international protest organized by the global Left ensued: the press campaigned in his favor, and numerous rallies took place in European and Latin American capitals. Stevedores in several ports refused to unload cargo from Spanish ships, and over 800,000 telegrams were sent to Madrid, asking for the dismissal of the kangaroo court. Nonetheless, Franco stood by his theory of "a freemason-leftist conspiracy against the political establishment".
The trial coincided with the presentation of Not on Your Life in the Venice Film Festival, a Spanish black comedy about the death penalty.
After the court's decision, the only legal solution was the commuting of Julián Grimau's sentence into a prison term by Franco himself. Various chiefs of state appealed to the Spanish Caudillo, including Pope John XXIII and Soviet Union leader Nikita Khrushchev (a notable event in itself, since it was the first time a Soviet politician addressed the Spanish State). The pressure was echoed in Spain itself, with several personalities asking for clemency. The government met on 19 April, in a session that lasted ten hours: although Fernando Castiella, the minister of foreign affairs, declared himself in favor of the pardon (bearing in mind the consequences on Spain's image), his opposition was timid. Franco imposed voting on the matter, and the final verdict was unanimity for Grimau's execution.
Death
The firing squad he faced was to be composed of Guardia Civil members, but they refused to carry out the order, saying they did not bear responsibility for such things. The Madrid captain-general (apparently on direct orders from Franco) resorted to a second option, and called on volunteer enlisted soldiers, who carried out the execution.
Julián Grimau was buried in Madrid's civil cemetery.
Legacy and exoneration dispute
With Spain's transition to democracy (from 1975), it became possible to look into the treatment given to Grimau and other political prisoners. Nevertheless, agreements such as those concluded in the Palacio de la Moncloa effectively imposed a moratorium - of which, paradoxically, one was favored by the PCE. There was at the time a general consensus to forget the crimes of Francoist Spain and bury the legacies of the Republic and the Civil War. In the 1980s, according to PCE members and people close to Grimau, the Madrid City Council, during a session led by Socialist Enrique Tierno Galván, discussed renaming the Avenida del Mediterráneo Julián Grimau, only for the proposition to be rejected by the Communists . Several avenues and public buildings in Spain are named after Grimau nowadays.
The new climate of the 1990s brought forward public debate about the fate of Franco's adversaries. Numerous attempts originated with the Izquierda Unida, a coalition joined by PCE after it ousted Carrillo. However, these attempts only took place after the center-left Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, somewhat closer in the ideological spectrum to Izquierda Unida, had lost the general elections against the PP, both in 1996 and 2000. On 15 April 2002, Izquierda Unida presented a proposal to the Cortes Generales for Grimau's "public and democratic exoneration", which was backed by all parties represented, with the exception of the conservative People's Party (PP); since the latter had absolute majority, the proposal was not made effective. The PP opposed exoneration on the grounds that it went against the moratorium. It also resented the shadow the proposal cast over the figure of Manuel Fraga, who had in the meanwhile become a founding member of the PP.
In May 2005, Izquierda Unida launched a similar process within the Community of Madrid Assembly, one blocked yet again by the PP (majority party in the Community).
Grimau's death is the subject of a song by Violeta Parra, as well as of one by Thanos Mikroutsikos (lyrics by Wolf Biermann), the French singer Léo Ferré (song Franco la muerte) and the Esperanto singer Gianfranco Molle (song Kamarado Ĵuljan' Grimaŭ).
Grimau's daughter Dolores married the writer and professor Gonzalo Santonja, a former communist who was later named in the Junta of Castile and León by Vox.
See also
List of people executed by Francoist Spain
Tribunal de Orden Público
Paul del Rio
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Julián Grimau page on Foro por la Memoria
1911 births
1963 deaths
Politicians from Madrid
Communist Party of Spain politicians
Executed politicians
Executed Spanish people
People executed by Francoist Spain
People executed by Spain by firearm
Executed communists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n%20Grimau |
Marc Phillip Thomas (1949–2017) was a professor of computer science and mathematics, retired chair and a system administrator of Computer Science department at CSU Bakersfield.
His successful research projects include the resolution of the commutative Singer–Wermer conjecture and construction of a non-standard closed ideal in a certain radical Banach algebra of power series and their quotients.
Exposition
The Relationship between C, ANSI C, and C++
(from Encyclopedia of Information Systems)
Remarks on Network Security
Typical Hacking Attempts
Typical Buffer Overflow Hack Attempts
Moronic Hacking
Efficient Hacking
Publications
Elements in the radical of a Banach algebra obeying the unbounded Kleinecke-Shirokov conjecture
Prime-like Elements and Semi-direct Products in Commutative Banach Algebras
Principal Ideals and Semi-direct Products in Commutative Banach Algebras
Single-Element Properties in Commutative Radical Banach Algebras:a Classification Scheme
Reduction of discontinuity for derivations on Frechet algebras
Radical Banach Algebrasand Quasinilpotent Weighted Shift Operators.
The image of a derivation is contained in the radical ()
Education
Degree: Ph.D. (Mathematics), UC Berkeley, 1976
Related work
Derivations with large separating subspace
External links
CSUB Computer Science Department
California State University of Bakersfield
1950 births
2017 deaths
People from Bakersfield, California
American computer scientists
American mathematicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Thomas%20%28computer%20scientist%29 |
William Winston Kidd (born April 13, 1943) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer, a member of the U.S. Ski Team from 1962 to 1970.
At the 1964 Winter Olympics at Innsbruck, Kidd and teammate Jimmie Heuga became the first American men to win Olympic medals in alpine skiing, winning silver and bronze in the slalom. Six years later, Kidd won a gold medal in the combined and a bronze in the slalom at the 1970 World Championships in Val Gardena, Italy. He promptly switched circuits and enjoyed a successful pro ski racing career from 1970 to 1972, winning the World Pro Ski Tour World Championships in 1970, becoming the only racer in history to win FIS and Pro titles the same year.
Since 1970, Kidd has enjoyed enduring "legend" status in the sport, and he has remained in the public eye in his job as director of skiing at Steamboat Ski Resort in Colorado.
Early life
Born in Burlington, Vermont, Kidd grew up in the 1950s in the ski town of Stowe, where his parents, Bill and Betty, ran the Buccaneer Motel. With encouragement and coaching from his father, and with support from the town of Stowe, he became a top junior ski racer at Stowe with the Mount Mansfield Ski Team. Along with best friend and skiing rival Jimmie Heuga, Kidd was named to the U.S. Ski Team for the 1962 season.
Ski racing
Kidd made a name for himself that first season at age 18 with an eighth place in the slalom and a 15th place in the giant slalom (GS) at the 1962 World Championships in Chamonix, France. After enduring a season hampered by injuries, Kidd entered the 1964 season with high hopes and gritty determination. A silver medalist in the slalom at the 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Kidd was the first American man (along with Heuga, who took bronze in the same race) to earn an Olympic medal in alpine skiing. Both Kidd and Heuga were just 20 years old at the time. Kidd finished seventh in the giant slalom and 16th in the downhill. Completing all three races kept him eligible for the combined, then a non-medal event in the Olympics (but a World Championship medal event), and he took third for the FIS bronze.
In the final non-World Cup season of 1966, Kidd won three crucial races in Europe and was actually outracing Jean-Claude Killy. Kidd suffered the first of two major injuries that almost ended his career, a left ankle sprain in late January, which resulted in a tendon operation. Later the same year, he broke his right tibia in two places during downhill training at the 1966 World Championships, held in August in Portillo, Chile. The injury also kept him out of the first World Cup season of 1967. During this injury time, he returned to college at the University of Colorado in Boulder.
The following year he took fifth in the giant slalom (GS) at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France. He took 15th in the downhill but did not finish the first run of the slalom, which was held in thick fog. Following those Olympics, he won a World Cup slalom in Aspen in March and finished 7th in the overall World Cup standings, the best from North America. For the 1968 World Cup season, Kidd finished in the top ten in all three events: 8th in giant slalom, 9th in downhill, and 10th in slalom. His first World Cup
victory came a month later at the Roch Cup slalom in Aspen, Colorado. His second win came a year later, also a slalom on U.S. snow at Squaw Valley, California.
At the 1970 World Championships in Val Gardena, Italy, Kidd won the gold medal in the combined and the bronze in the slalom. On winning the gold, he said, "I'd always promised my mom I'd bring home a gold medal." Following the conclusion of the World Championships in mid-February 1970, Kidd retired from the World Cup circuit, and immediately joined the new pro circuit, started by former U.S. Ski Team coach (and Kidd's and Heuga's University of Colorado ski coach) Bob Beattie. Kidd won the pro championship the same year, the only racer to hold world titles in the two circuits at once. Nagging injuries led to few starts during the 1972 season, and he retired from the pro circuit that fall.
Kidd graduated from the University of Colorado in 1969 with a B.S. degree in economics. Kidd identifies as being part Abenaki, and he is the honorary captain of the Native American Olympic Ski Team. In 2013, Kidd was inducted into the Vermont Sports Hall of Fame.
Steamboat Springs
Kidd moved to Steamboat Springs, Colorado, in 1970, and ever since has been strongly identified with the Steamboat Ski & Resort Corporation, where he serves as its director of skiing. 2020 marked his 50th year on the job at Steamboat Ski Resort. As ambassador not just for Steamboat, but for the American West and the sport of skiing, Kidd is instantly recognizable by his Stetson During ski season, skiers and snowboarders can join Kidd for a daily free, on-mountain clinic when he is in town, at 1 PM at the top of the Steamboat gondola. Those who "ski with Billy Kidd" down the Heavenly Daze intermediate run get ski tips, and learn about what it's like to ski in the Olympics.
At the invitation of Special Olympics founder Eunice Kennedy Shriver, Kidd served on the board of directors of Special Olympics International. He also served on the President's Council on Physical Fitness and on the board of the Jimmie Heuga Center (multiple sclerosis) in Vail. He regularly hosts Native American teens at Steamboat for annual "Future Olympians" weekends of skiing and snowboard instruction. Participants come mainly from the Ute reservation near Salt Lake City.
In the late 1980s, Kidd appeared in the award-winning American Express "Portraits" advertising campaign, photographed by Annie Leibovitz at his ranch near Steamboat. The campaign highlighted portraits of some of the most prominent people in the world, with the tagline "Achievers, visionaries, icons ... all with one thing in common." Besides Kidd, other AmEx card-carrying celebrities featured in the series included Ella Fitzgerald, Sofia Loren, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Tip O'Neill, Eric Heiden, Ray Charles, Willie Shoemaker, and Wilt Chamberlain.
Kidd hosts corporate ski outings for companies including American Express, Rolex, UPS, American Airlines, Time, and Sports Illustrated magazines, and several others.
World Cup results
Season standings
Results from the 1968 Winter Olympics and World Championships results were included in World Cup standings.
Race podiums
2 wins – (2 SL)
4 podiums, 19 top-ten finishes.
^ World Championships were also World Cup events in 1970
World Championship results
From 1948 through 1980, the Winter Olympics were also the World Championships for alpine skiing.
At the World Championships from 1954 through 1980, the combined was a "paper race" using the results of the three events (DH, GS, SL).
The 1966 championships were held in August in Chile; Kidd broke his leg during a downhill training run.
Olympic results
References
External links
Billy Kidd World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation
Billy Kidd at Colorado Ski Museum Hall of Fame
Hall of Fame – 2006 inductees at VermontSkiMuseum.org
Vermont Sports Hall of Fame Bio
Sports Illustrated – 1964 Olympics – February 17, 1964 article
Stars and Stripes – archives – February 9, 1964 – European edition
– cover – March 8, 1965 – Billy Kidd
A Bullet in the Rockies
– cover – February 5, 1968 – 1968 Olympics preview – Billy Kidd & Jimmy Heuga
A fight on the slopes, but a cinch on the ice
1943 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Burlington, Vermont
American people of Abenaki descent
American male alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1968 Winter Olympics
American people who self-identify as being of Native American descent
Sportspeople from Colorado
University of Colorado alumni
Medalists at the 1964 Winter Olympics
People from Steamboat Springs, Colorado
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in alpine skiing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Kidd |
American Inventor was a reality television series based on a competition to be named America's best inventor. It was conceived by Simon Cowell and the producers of American Idol, and premiered on ABC in March, 2006. It was organized as a competition between inventors nationally, resulting in one overall winner.
Premise
Season 1
Twelve inventors and their products are chosen from a pool of hundreds by four judges. The 12 semi-finalists are broken down into four groups of three, with each episode focusing on a different group of three. Each of the twelve semi-finalists in each group receives $50,000 to improve their inventions and competes to become one of the four finalists. The finalists would then work with a dedicated prototype and design company who would help with expert advice and manufacturing assistance. Each group is assigned a judge who would judge their products that they have invented. Each of the four judges would then choose one inventor from their group to compete in the finals, for a total of four finalists. In the show's live finale, the four finalists present a 30-second commercial advertisement for their product, with the home audience voting by phone for the winner. The winner receives $1,000,000 worth of business support, entrepreneurial counsel, physical resources, and prize money.
Season 2
Instead of 12 finalists receiving $50,000 checks to develop their inventions like in season one, six finalists, one from each of the audition cities of Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, New York, Tampa and Houston, will each receive $50,000 and have one month to develop their inventions. The 6 finalists are narrowed down to three based on the judges' preference. Unlike the first season, the three finalists for voting were declared and were voted on by viewers immediately after the second-to-last show.
Finalists
Season 1 finalists
Anecia Safety Capsule: A car seat shaped like a sphere with a movable sphere inside it. In the event of a car accident, the sphere will move, lessening the force on the baby. (Winner)
Word Ace: A game that tells you a letter and a number and you have to come up with a word that starts with the letter and has a number of letters equal to the number. (Final 4)
Double Traction Bike: A bike with a seat on the handlebars. (Final 4)
The Catch Vest (aka Receiver Trainer Pole): A bar that sits in front of your body to help you catch footballs properly. (Final 4)
Inside Umbrella: An umbrella where the top part goes inside the bar. (Final 12)
Head-Line It: A rubber pad to go on top of your head to prevent sweating and itching under hats, helmets and wigs. (Final 12)
Sackmaster: A large shovel with a bag inside it to make sand-bag filling easier. (Final 12)
Here Comes Niya Doll: A multilingual set of dolls. (Final 12) The "Niya Doll" appear again in The Toy Box.
Bathroom Clip: A clip to attach to a bathroom door in case the lock is broken. (Final 12)
Tonerbelt: An exercise belt (Final 12)
EZ-X Portable Gym: A portable gym (Final 12)
Pureflush: A toilet that prevents the spread of bacteria upon flushing. (Final 12)
Season 2 finalists
Guardian Angel: A small, pressurized tank of water, disguised as a Christmas package, that is placed under the Christmas tree and attached to a small hose leading to the top of the tree where a fusible link is disguised as an angel. The heat from a fire pops the link and water suppresses the fire. There is also an alarm that works without a battery & intended to suppress (not fully extinguish) a Christmas tree fire and sound an alarm to get people out of the house alive. (Winner)
6-In-1 Convertible Brassiere: A convertible brassiere that accommodates the full wardrobe of small frame women with a "C" cup or above. This is a traditional brassiere that converts into six configurations and affords the full back to be exposed with comfort because there is no midsection and it can be worn with full wardrobe. The invention was later commercialized by Maidenform. (Chicago Finalist) (2nd)
HT Racers: The design and fabrication of custom vehicles through the use of a computer program and patented tools. Intended for use by individuals and groups ages 9 and up for entertainment and educational purposes, this invention is a kit that lets teens design, engineer, and build remote controlled vehicles. (L.A. Finalist) (3rd)
The Claw: A ceiling or wall-mounted bicycle storage mechanism. The bicycle wheel is grasped by opposing hooks when the central plunger is depressed. Re-pressing the central plunger opens and locks the hooks for bicycle wheel removal. The bi-stable plunger relies on an internal rotary mechanism. (New York Finalist) (Final 6)
Wrap-a-Way Cabinet: A station to put in a drawer or attach to a cabinet to dispense paper towels, gift wrap, etc. (Houston Finalist) (Final 6)
EZT4U: A brewing basket that attaches to the common electric coffee brewing machine in order to brew tea. (Tampa Finalist) (Final 6)
Time slot
American Inventor debuted March 16, 2006 at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. Each subsequent Thursday, it aired at 9 p.m. until the season finale May 18, 2006. American Inventor aired on ABC and on CH in Canada. The second season began on June 6, 2007, at 9pm on ABC. It aired on Global in Canada.
Controversy
The makers of the program were accused of modeling American Inventor on a similar program called Million Dollar Idea.
The validity of the claim that the Guardian Angel was invented by Greg Chavez is unclear. This same "invention" was actually a gag product on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on December 16, 1993, the first night Julia Roberts was a guest on the show. Leno used a lighter to trigger a smoke alarm within a Christmas tree which then caused the star on the top of the tree to spray a strong burst of water, putting out any potential fire. Several similar patents have been granted over the years, and Season 1 judge Doug Hall has also called it unoriginal, writing in his blog that he once worked on something similar for a client.
Credits
American Inventor was produced by Simon Cowell's Syco TV and FremantleMedia North America, Inc in association with Peter Jones TV. The executive producers were Simon Cowell, Liz Bronstein, Siobhan Greene, Nigel Hall, and Cecile Frot-Coutaz. Co-executive producer was Daniel Soiseth.
See also
Tycoon (TV series), a similar show on British TV hosted by Peter Jones.
The Big Idea, another similar show on British TV.
Dragons' Den, a similar program that originated in Japan, and also stars Peter Jones in the United Kingdom.
Shark Tank, the American version of Dragons' Den, which went on to become a more sustained success on ABC.
The New Inventors, an Australian program shown on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
Everyday Edisons, a PBS series focused on inventors and their inventions.
References
External links
2006 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
2000s American reality television series
American Broadcasting Company original programming
Television series by Fremantle (company) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Inventor |
Bridgeport High School can refer to:
In the USA
Bridgeport High School — Bridgeport, Connecticut now called Central High School
Bridgeport High School — Bridgeport, Illinois (opened in 1880s; closed in 1973)
Bridgeport High School — Bridgeport, Michigan
Bridgeport High School — Bridgeport, Nebraska
Bridgeport High School — Bridgeport, Ohio
Bridgeport Academy High — Bridgeport, Texas
Bridgeport High School — Bridgeport, Texas
Bridgeport High School — Bridgeport, Washington
Bridgeport High School — Bridgeport, West Virginia
Bridgeport Aurora High School — Bridgeport, Washington
Bridgeport Community Correctional Center — Bridgeport, Connecticut
Bridgeport-Spaulding Alternative Education School — Saginaw, Michigan
Elsewhere
Bridgeport High School — Jamaica | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridgeport%20High%20School |
The phrase "Think globally, act locally" or "Think global, act local" has been used in various contexts, including planning, environment, education, mathematics, business and the church.
Definition
"Think globally, act locally" urges people to consider the health of the entire planet and to take action in their own communities and cities. Long before governments began enforcing environmental laws, individuals were coming together to protect habitats and the organisms that live within them. These efforts are referred to as grassroots efforts. They occur on a local level and are primarily run by volunteers and helpers.
"Think Globally, Act Locally" originally began at the grassroots level, however, it is now a global concept with high importance. It is not just volunteers who take the environment into consideration. Corporations, government officials, education system, and local communities also see the importance of taking necessary actions that can impact positively the environment.
Warren Heaps states, "It's really important to recognize that markets are different around the world, and company compensation programs should reflect a balance between global corporate philosophy and local practice and culture".
Origin in town planning
The original phrase "Think global, act local" has been attributed to Scots town planner and social activist Patrick Geddes, a Scottish biologist, sociologist, philanthropist and pioneering town planner. Although the exact phrase does not appear in Geddes' 1915 book Cities in Evolution, the idea (as applied to city planning) is clearly evident: "'Local character' is thus no mere accidental old-world quaintness, as its mimics think and say. It is attained only in course of adequate grasp and treatment of the whole environment, and in active sympathy with the essential and characteristic life of the place concerned." Geddes was also responsible for introducing the concept of "region" to architecture and planning. He has made significant contributions to the consideration of the environment. Geddes believed in working with the environment, versus working against it.
Town planning is important to understanding of the idea "think globally, act locally". Urban management and development highly impacts the surrounding environment. The ways in which this is initiated is vital to the health of the environment. Corporations need to be aware of global communities when expanding their companies to new locations. Not only do corporations need to be aware of global differences, but also Urban and rural areas who plan on expanding or changing the dynamics of their community. As stated "Addressing the complex urban environmental problems, in order to improve urban livability through Urban Environmental Strategies (UES), involves taking stock of the existing urban environmental problems, their comparative analysis and prioritization, setting out objectives and targets, and identification of various measures to meet these objectives".
Origins of the phrase
The first use of the phrase in an environmental context is disputed. Some say it was coined by David Brower as a slogan for Friends of the Earth when he founded it in 1971, although others attribute it to René Dubos in 1977. Canadian "futurist" Frank Feather also chaired a conference called "Thinking Globally, Acting Locally" in 1979 and has claimed the paternity of the expression. Other possible originators include French theologian Jacques Ellul.
Education
The term was increasingly applied to initiatives in international education and was advanced by Stuart Grauer in his 1989 University of San Diego publication, "Think Globally, Act Locally: A Delphi Study of Educational Leadership Through the Development of International Resources in the Local Community". In this publication it was attributed to Harlan Cleveland.
It is not only corporations that are acknowledging the importance of environmental issues, but also the education system. Government officials and school boards across the world are beginning to develop a new way of teaching. Globalization is now thought of as an important concept to understanding the world. Certain schools believe it is important to discuss global issues as young as 5 years old. It is students who are our future, therefore understanding the concept of "think globally, act locally" is fundamental to our future.
Business
The term is also used in business strategy, where multinational corporations are encouraged to build local roots.
This is sometimes expressed by converging the words "global" and "local" into the single word "glocal", a term used by several companies (coined by Akio Morita, founder of Sony Corporation) in their advertising and branding strategies in the 1980s and 1990s.
Currently more and more corporations are finding it extremely important to analyze the environmental damage of their company. The pressure they receive from government officials and local communities regarding environmental issues is vital to their company's image. Globalization is an emerging concept throughout the business world. It was first developed by the Japanese; however, it has now emerged throughout Western society. Globalization refers to the practice of conducting business according to both local and global considerations.
Church
While the Christian church has traditionally "thought globally and acted locally", some Christian leaders have reversed the slogan by suggesting that the church should "think locally and act globally" by encouraging the empowerment of local leaders e.g. on a multi-site campus, rather than trying to direct and equip them centrally.
Variations
For many environmental activists, the phrase has been changed into "act globally, act local" due to the growing concern for the whole planet and thus the need of activism everywhere in the world.
See also
Global citizenship
Green politics
Netherlands fallacy
References
Further reading
Gianinazzi, Willy (2018). "Penser global, agir local. Histoire d'une idée", EcoRev'. Revue critique d'écologie politique, N. 46, Summer, p. 19-30.
External links
#WorldsLargestLesson - Tell everyone, let's leave no one behind
Environmental sayings
New Urbanism
Localism (politics)
Globalization | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think%20globally%2C%20act%20locally |
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