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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team%20Bikab | Team Bikab was a motorcycle speedway team in Eskilstuna, Sweden from 2003 to 2010.
History
The team was founded in 2003 and was a farm team to Elitserien club Smederna. They effectively replaced a club called Torshälla SK who were the previous farm team to Smederna.
The real name of the club was Smederna Ungdom and the name Team Bikab came from the major sponsor, a company called Bikab AB. This company had previously sponsored Torshälla SK.
In 2003, Team Bikab entered the second tier of the Swedish Speedway Team Championship, known as the Allsvenskan but they finished last of six clubs.
The following season in 2004, Team Bikab competed in the third tier of Swedish speedway (known as Division 1) and placed third but they claimed their first honours in 2005, when they won the division and were promoted back to the Allsvenskan.
From 2006 to 2007 the club competed in the Allsvenskan, finishing 6th and 8th respectively. Another stint in the third tier ensued from 2008 to 2009 before parent club Smederna ran into financial difficulties resulting in a merger with Team Bikab, they became Ikaros Smederna for the 2010 season.
Season summary
References
Speedway teams in Sweden
Sport in Eskilstuna |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion%20Pictures | Diffusion Pictures is a distributor of feature films in the United Kingdom. Formed in late 2006, its first two releases, Funny Ha Ha and Mutual Appreciation, were both from American director Andrew Bujalski. Diffusion then released Reprise by Norwegian director, Joachim Trier and Lars von Trier's film, The Boss of It All.
The company's other releases include a documentary on Francis Bacon, the film from Beastie Boy, Adam Yauch, Gunnin For That #1 Spot and Azazel Jacobs' Momma's Man.
Films
Funny Ha Ha (2007)
Mutual Appreciation (2007)
Reprise (2007)
The Boss of It All (2007)
Bacon's Arena (2008)
Gunnin For That #1 Spot (2008)
Momma's Man (2008)
External links
Official website
Diffusion Facebook
Diffusion MySpace
Film distributors of the United Kingdom
Entertainment companies established in 2006 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas%20rhodesiae | Pseudomonas rhodesiae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from natural mineral waters. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. rhodesiae has been placed in the P. fluorescens group.
References
External links
Type strain of Pseudomonas rhodesiae at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Pseudomonadales
Bacteria described in 1997 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleocortex | In anatomy of animals, the paleocortex, or paleopallium, is a region within the telencephalon in the vertebrate brain. This type of cortical tissue consists of three cortical laminae (layers of neuronal cell bodies). In comparison, the neocortex has six layers and the archicortex has three or four layers. Because the number of laminae that compose a type of cortical tissue seems to be directly proportional to both the information-processing capabilities of that tissue and its phylogenetic age, paleocortex is thought to be an intermediate between the archicortex (or archipallium) and the neocortex (or neopallium) in both aspects.
The paleocortex (or paleopallium) and the archicortex (or the archipallium) of the cerebral cortex together constitute the mammalian allocortex or the heterogenetic cortex. The distinction for what is called neocortex or isocortex, which comprises most of the human brain (about 90%), is made from the number of cellular layers that the structure comprises. Neocortical tissue comprises six distinct cell layers, not seen in paleocortical tissues either in adult or developing stage.
In humans the paleocortex is exemplified in the olfactory cortex. For most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the main feature of the paleocortex, even though the division is virtually unused outside of a mammalian context.
Locations
Paleocortex is present in the parahippocampal gyrus, olfactory bulb, accessory olfactory bulb, olfactory tubercle, piriform cortex, periamygda |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%204319 | NGC 4319 is a face-on barred spiral galaxy located about 77 million light years away in the constellation Draco. The morphological classification is SB(r)ab, which indicates it is a barred spiral with an inner ring structure and moderate to tightly wound arms. It is situated in physical proximity to the galaxies NGC 4291 and NGC 4386, with X-ray emissions from the intervening gap indicating NGC 4319 and NGC 4291 may be interacting. NGC 4319 has a much higher proportion of ionized hydrogen compared to the Milky Way galaxy.
In 1971, American astronomer Halton Arp noted what appeared to be a physical connection between NGC 4319 and Markarian 205, a quasi-stellar object with a much higher redshift. He suggested that if Markarian 205 is not an accidentally projected background object, then it may instead have been ejected from the nucleus of this galaxy. The discovery of an apparent luminous connection between the two created a storm of controversy as astronomers sought to refute the assertion and provide other explanations. The matter was effectively settled when observations using the Hubble Space Telescope showed that the light from Markarian 205 was passing through the disk and halo of NGC 4319 to reach the observer, placing Markarian 205 behind this galaxy and thus further away.
References
External links
Hubble Heritage site: Pictures and description
Hubble Heritage site:NGC 4319 and Markarian 205
NGC 4319
Draco (constellation)
4319
07429
039981 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudomonas%20azotoformans | Pseudomonas azotoformans is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects cereal grains—especially rice. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. azotoformans has been placed in the P. fluorescens group.
References
External links
Type strain of Pseudomonas azotoformans at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Pseudomonadales
Bacteria described in 1963 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time%20analyzer | A real-time analyzer (RTA) is a professional audio device that measures and displays the frequency spectrum of an audio signal; a spectrum analyzer that works in real time. An RTA can range from a small PDA-sized device to a rack-mounted hardware unit to software running on a laptop. It works by measuring and displaying sound input, often from an integrated microphone or with a signal from a PA system. Basic RTAs show three measurements per octave at 3 or 6 dB increments; sophisticated software solutions can show 24 or more measurements per octave as well as 0.1 dB resolution.
Types
There are generally two types of RTAs:
RTAs employing analog signal processing, and
RTAs employing digital signal processing (DSP).
The main difference between the two types is that the analog RTAs use a series of hardwired, analog bandpass filters to break the signal into frequency bands prior to measuring it. Digital RTAs use digital sampling technology and microprocessor-based digital signal processing to perform necessary calculations, such as fast Fourier transforms, to perform the measurements and thus do not need analog hardware filters to isolate each frequency band. The digital approach to signal analysis generally yields much higher accuracy and resolution and thus most RTAs currently in production use digital signal processing technology. Digital signal processing is more cost effective.
Professional use
RTAs are often used by sound engineers and by acousticians installing audi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velgo%C5%A1ti | Velgošti () is a village in the municipality of Ohrid, North Macedonia. It has a primary school called Živko Čingo dedicated to the author born there.
Demographics
According to the statistics of the Bulgarian ethnographer Vasil Kanchov from 1900, 1220 inhabitants lived in Velgošti, 1190 Bulgarian Exarchists and 30 Muslim Bulgarians.
As of the 2021 census, Velgošti had 3,141 residents with the following ethnic composition:
Macedonians 2,673
Persons for whom data are taken from administrative sources 394
Others 66
Vlachs 8
According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 3,060 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
Macedonians 3,002
Serbs 8
Aromanians 10
Others 40
References
Villages in Ohrid Municipality |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy%20mnemonic | Taxonomy mnemonics are used to memorize the scientific classification applied in taxonomy. They are usually constructed with a series of words that begin with the letters KPCOFGS, corresponding to the initials of the primary taxonomic ranks. Words beginning with D (corresponding to domain) are sometimes added to the beginning of the sequence, and words beginning with S (corresponding to subspecies) are sometimes added at the end of the sequence.
For example:
King Phillip came over for good spaghetti has the first letter of each word corresponding in order to the first letter of the descending order of scientific classification.
Zoology mnemonics
Zoology mnemonics, which are used to memorize the scientific taxonomic classification system, include:
"Do kindly place candy out for good students"
"Dumb kids playing catch on freeways get squashed"
"Keep pond clean or fish get sick"
"Kings play chess on fancy glass stools"
"Kings Play Croquet on Fine Grass Slopes"
"King prawns curl over fresh green salad"
"Kings play cards on fat guys' stomachs"
"Kinky people come over for group sex"
"Dear King Philip came over for great spaghetti"
"Dear King Philip came over for grape soda"
"Dear King Philip came over for grape spaghetti"
"Dear King Philip came over for great soda"
"Dear King Philip came over for green spaghetti"
"Dear King Philip came over for green sausages"
"Dear King Philip came over for good soup"
"Dear King Phillip came over for great surprise sex."
"Kevin, Pleas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DME%20%28psychedelic%29 | DME (3,4-dimethoxy-beta-hydroxyphenethylamine) is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. It is the beta-hydroxy derivative of 3,4-dimethoxyphenethylamine. DME was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. In his book PiHKAL, the minimum dosage is listed as 115 mg, and the duration unknown. DME produces few to no effects. Very little data exists about the pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity of DME.
Legality
United Kingdom
This substance is a Class A drug in the Drugs controlled by the UK Misuse of Drugs Act.
See also
Phenethylamine
Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants
References
Psychedelic phenethylamines
Phenylethanolamines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Visual%20Programming%20Language | Microsoft Visual Programming Language, or VPL, is a visual programming and dataflow programming language developed by Microsoft for the Microsoft Robotics Studio.
VPL is based on the event-driven and data-driven approach. The programming language is distinguished from other Microsoft programming languages such as Visual Basic and C#, as it is the only Microsoft language that is a true visual programming language. Microsoft has utilized the term "Visual" in its previous programming products to reflect that a large degree of development in these languages can be performed by "dragging and dropping" in a traditional wysiwyg fashion.
See also
Dataflow programming
Visual programming languages
Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio
VIPLE: Visual IoT/Robotics Programming Language Environment
References
Further reading
External links
Microsoft Visual Programming Language
Visual IoT/Robotics Programming Language Environment:
Andreas Ulbrich demonstrates the Microsoft Visual Programming Language
Visual Programming Language
Visual Programming Language
Robot programming languages
Visual programming languages |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical%20probability | In probability theory and statistics, the empirical probability, relative frequency, or experimental probability of an event is the ratio of the number of outcomes in which a specified event occurs to the total number of trials, i.e., by means not of a theoretical sample space but of an actual experiment. More generally, empirical probability estimates probabilities from experience and observation.
Given an event in a sample space, the relative frequency of is the ratio being the number of outcomes in which the event occurs, and being the total number of outcomes of the experiment.
In statistical terms, the empirical probability is an estimator or estimate of a probability. In simple cases, where the result of a trial only determines whether or not the specified event has occurred, modelling using a binomial distribution might be appropriate and then the empirical estimate is the maximum likelihood estimate. It is the Bayesian estimate for the same case if certain assumptions are made for the prior distribution of the probability. If a trial yields more information, the empirical probability can be improved on by adopting further assumptions in the form of a statistical model: if such a model is fitted, it can be used to derive an estimate of the probability of the specified event
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages
An advantage of estimating probabilities using empirical probabilities is that this procedure is relatively free of assumptions.
For example, consi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban%20rail%20transit%20in%20China | Urban rail transit in China encompasses a broad range of urban and suburban electric passenger rail mass transit systems including subway, light rail, tram and maglev. Some classifications also include non-rail bus rapid transport. As of 31 December 2022, China has the world's longest urban rail transit system with more than of urban rail nationwide in 49 systems in 47 cities, accounting for 9 of the 10 longest metro systems (Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Hangzhou, Wuhan, and Nanjing, in that order) except Moscow Metro, or metro systems in Seoul combined if metro systems in the same cities are merged in the rank.
China has put 233 urban rail transit lines into operation in 44 cities with length more than by 2020, and by 2019. All of the world's 500 km-plus, as well as 17 of the world's 27 200 km-plus metro systems and half of the top 10 busiest metro systems are in China (Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, Chengdu, and Shenzhen), where Shanghai Metro, though started operating in 1993, is now the longest.
History
Several Chinese cities had urban electric tramways in the early 20th century, most of which were dismantled in the 1950s–1970s. The only surviving tramways are in Dalian (Dairen) and Changchun (see trams in Dalian and trams in Changchun). Nanjing (Nanking) had from 1907 to 1958.
The first subway in China was built in Beijing in 1969 (but it was only handed to civilian control in 1981 and trial operations ended later in the same year; before whic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Budd%20%28mathematician%29 | Christopher John Budd (born 15 February 1960) is a British mathematician known especially for his contribution to non-linear differential equations and their applications in industry. He is currently Professor of Applied Mathematics at the University of Bath, and was Professor of Geometry at Gresham College from 2016 to 2020.
Budd gained his Bachelor's degree in mathematics at St John's College, Cambridge, where he was senior wrangler. He went on to be awarded a D.Phil. from Oxford University, studying numerical methods for nonlinear elliptic partial differential equations under the supervision of John Norbury. He spent three years as a fellow of St John's College, Oxford, working in numerical analysis at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory and as a fellow sponsored by the CEGB developing numerical methods for third-order partial differential equations. He went on to a permanent post as a lecturer in numerical analysis at the University of Bristol before gaining a position as Professor of Applied Mathematics at the University of Bath in 1995. He was appointed the Professor of Geometry at Gresham College in 2016, where he delivered a series of public lectures on Mathematics and the Making of the Modern World.
His research interests involve the analysis, application and numerical analysis of the solution of nonlinear differential equations with a particular emphasis on problems which arise in industry. His recent work has been in geometric integration which aims to de |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Third%20Generation%20%281979%20film%29 | The Third Generation () is a 1979 West German film, a black comedy about terrorism, written and directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder. The plot follows an ineffectual cell of underground terrorists who plan to kidnap an industrialist.
Plot
P.J. Lurz, an industrialist with an office in a Berlin high-rise, informs his American headquarters that the company has difficulty selling its security-related computer systems to the West German government in Bonn. Nevertheless, Lurz has hatched a secret plan to boost sales. Meanwhile, Susanne, Lurz's secretary, receives a phone call with the message "The world as will and idea". This is a code phrase among a secret group of thirty-something middle-class leftists and would-be terrorists to which she belongs. The phrase has been taken from the central work of the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation. With these words, Susanne sets an ambiguous covert plot into motion, alerting the members of the terrorist cell of an upcoming meeting. They are: August Brem, the ringleader; Susanne's composer husband Edgar; feminist history professor Hilde Krieger; Petra Vielhabor, a housewife who is constantly arguing with her banker husband Hans; and Rudolf Mann, a clerk in a record store.
P.J. Lurz is informed by Gerhard Gast, the inspector-general of the police, that he is being watched and is under police protection. Gast has also arrived to pick up Susanne, his daughter-in-law. En route to their home, Susanne an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section%2051%28xi%29%20of%20the%20Constitution%20of%20Australia | Section 51(xi) of the Constitution of Australia, a subsection of section 51, grants the Commonwealth the power to make laws for "census and statistics".
Background
The first version of the Constitution included a census power. Its inclusion was not controversial. It can be seen as a class of "nationhood powers" which reflected basic powers that a "nation" was viewed with possessing (similar nationhood powers would include the currency power, the weights and measures power, and the postal power).
Australian colonies had collected statistics from settlement. The first simultaneous census was held across Australia in 1881 as part of the Census of the British Empire.
In December 1905 the Commonwealth Government passed the Census and Statistics Act 1905.
The first Commonwealth Census after federation was held in 1911 (although a simultaneous state census was held in 1901).
The Australian Bureau of Statistics is the Commonwealth agency responsible for census and statistics.
Related Constitution sections
Section 24 says the number of members in the House of Representatives per state will be based on the based on quotas based on population, which will be based on "the latest statistics of the Commonwealth" (s. 24(i) and s. 24(ii)). Section 24 evinces a clear intention that the Commonwealth would use section 51(xi) to conduct census and collect information, rather than leaving the matter to the states.
Section 127 stated that "in reckoning the numbers of the people ... abor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neomycin/polymyxin%20B/hydrocortisone | Neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone, sold under the brand Otosporin among others, is a medication used to treat otitis externa (swimmer's ear) and certain eye disorders. It consists of the antibiotics neomycin and polymyxin B, and the steroid hydrocortisone. It is used as an ear drop or eye drop.
The most common side effects include itchiness and a skin rash. Other side effects may include dizziness, hives, anaphylaxis, hearing loss, and headache. Safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding is unclear. The antibiotics work by killing specific types of bacteria while the steroids work by decreasing inflammation.
The combination was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964. In 2020, it was the 315th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 900thousand prescriptions.
History
Cortisporin was developed by Glaxo Wellcome and was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 1975. In 1997, the rights were sold to Monarch Pharmaceuticals, a division of King Pharmaceuticals. In 2007, King sold it to JHP Pharmaceuticals. Par Pharmaceutical acquired JHP in 2014. In 2015, Endo International purchased Par.
Society and culture
Economics
In 2015, the price was $100, and in 2016, it reportedly was selling for $195. A generic version is priced at $144. The drug is owned by Dublin, Ireland-based Endo International.
References
External links
Glucocorticoids
Combination drugs
Pfizer brands
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BamHI | BamHI (pronounced "Bam H one") (from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) is a type II restriction endonuclease, having the capacity for recognizing short sequences (6 bp) of DNA and specifically cleaving them at a target site. This exhibit focuses on the structure-function relations of BamHI as described by Newman, et al. (1995). BamHI binds at the recognition sequence 5'-GGATCC-3', and cleaves these sequences just after the 5'-guanine on each strand. This cleavage results in sticky ends which are 4 bp long. In its unbound form, BamHI displays a central b sheet, which resides in between α-helices.
BamHI undergoes a series of unconventional conformational changes upon DNA recognition. This allows the DNA to maintain its normal B-DNA conformation without distorting to facilitate enzyme binding. BamHI is a symmetric dimer. DNA is bound in a large cleft that is formed between dimers; the enzyme binds in a "crossover" manner. Each BamHI subunit makes the majority of its backbone contacts with the phosphates of a DNA half site but base pair contacts are made between each BamHI subunit and nitrogenous bases in the major groove of the opposite DNA half site. The protein binds the bases through either direct hydrogen bonds or water-mediated H-bonds between the protein and every H-bond donor/acceptor group in the major groove. Major groove contacts are formed by atoms residing on the amino-terminus of a parallel 4 helix bundle. This bundle marks the BamHI dimer interface, and it is thought t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majority%20problem | The majority problem, or density classification task, is the problem of finding one-dimensional cellular automaton rules that accurately perform majority voting.
Using local transition rules, cells cannot know the total count of all the ones in system. In order to count the number of ones (or, by symmetry, the number of zeros), the system requires a logarithmic number of bits in the total size of the system. It also requires the system send messages over a distance linear in the size of the system and for the system to recognize a non-regular language. Thus, this problem is an important test case in measuring the computational power of cellular automaton systems.
Problem statement
Given a configuration of a two-state cellular automaton with i + j cells total, i of which are in the zero state and j of which are in the one state, a correct solution to the voting problem must eventually set all cells to zero if i > j and must eventually set all cells to one if i < j. The desired eventual state is unspecified if i = j.
The problem can also be generalized to testing whether the proportion of zeros and ones is above or below some threshold other than 50%. In this generalization, one is also given
a threshold ; a correct solution to the voting problem must eventually set all cells to zero if and must eventually set all cells to one if . The desired eventual state is unspecified if .
Approximate solutions
Gács, Kurdyumov, and Levin found an automaton that, although it does |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroregeneration | Neuroregeneration involves the regrowth or repair of nervous tissues, cells or cell products. Neuroregenerative mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS) by the functional mechanisms involved, especially in the extent and speed of repair. When an axon is damaged, the distal segment undergoes Wallerian degeneration, losing its myelin sheath. The proximal segment can either die by apoptosis or undergo the chromatolytic reaction, which is an attempt at repair. In the CNS, synaptic stripping occurs as glial foot processes invade the dead synapse.
Nervous system injuries affect over 90,000 people every year. Spinal cord injuries alone affect an estimated 10,000 people each year. As a result of this high incidence of neurological injuries, nerve regeneration and repair, a subfield of neural tissue engineering, is becoming a rapidly growing field dedicated to the discovery of new ways to recover nerve functionality after injury.
The nervous system is divided by neurologists into two parts: the central nervous system (which consists of the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (which consists of cranial and spinal nerves along with their associated ganglia). While the peripheral nervous system has an intrinsic ability for repair and regeneration, the central nervous system is, for the most part, incapable of self-r |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed%20Hodge%20module | In mathematics, mixed Hodge modules are the culmination of Hodge theory, mixed Hodge structures, intersection cohomology, and the decomposition theorem yielding a coherent framework for discussing variations of degenerating mixed Hodge structures through the six functor formalism. Essentially, these objects are a pair of a filtered D-module together with a perverse sheaf such that the functor from the Riemann–Hilbert correspondence sends to . This makes it possible to construct a Hodge structure on intersection cohomology, one of the key problems when the subject was discovered. This was solved by Morihiko Saito who found a way to use the filtration on a coherent D-module as an analogue of the Hodge filtration for a Hodge structure. This made it possible to give a Hodge structure on an intersection cohomology sheaf, the simple objects in the Abelian category of perverse sheaves.
Abstract structure
Before going into the nitty gritty details of defining Mixed hodge modules, which is quite elaborate, it is useful to get a sense of what the category of Mixed Hodge modules actually provides. Given a complex algebraic variety there is an abelian category pg 339 with the following functorial properties
There is a faithful functor called the rationalization functor. This gives the underlying rational perverse sheaf of a mixed Hodge module.
There is a faithful functor sending a mixed Hodge module to its underlying D-module
These functors behave well with respect to the Rie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip-scale%20atomic%20clock | A chip scale atomic clock (CSAC) is a compact, low-power atomic clock fabricated using techniques of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and incorporating a low-power semiconductor laser as the light source. The first CSAC physics package was demonstrated at NIST in 2003, based on an invention made in 2001. The work was funded by the US Department of Defense's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) with the goal of developing a microchip-sized atomic clock for use in portable equipment. In military equipment it is expected to provide improved location and battlespace situational awareness for dismounted soldiers when the global positioning system is not available, but many civilian applications are also envisioned. Commercial manufacturing of these atomic clocks began in 2011. The CSAC, the world's smallest atomic clock, is 4 x 3.5 x 1 cm (1.5 x 1.4 x 0.4 inches) in size, weighs 35 grams, consumes only 115 mW of power, and can keep time to within 100 microseconds per day after several years of operation.
A more stable design based on the vibration of rubidium atoms was demonstrated by NIST in 2019. The new design has yet to be commercialized.
How it works
Like other caesium atomic clocks, the clock keeps time by a precise 9.192631770 GHz microwave signal emitted by electron spin transitions between two hyperfine energy levels in atoms of caesium-133. A feedback mechanism keeps a quartz crystal oscillator on the chip locked to this frequency, which is divided |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boeing%20Renton%20Factory | The Boeing Renton Factory is the Boeing Company's manufacturing facility for narrow-body commercial airliners, and their military derivatives. Current production includes the Boeing 737 MAX passenger airliner and the Boeing P-8 Poseidon military patrol aircraft. The factory covers of floor space. The factory lies adjacent to Renton Municipal Airport.
Background
The Boeing Renton Factory is built on land reclaimed by the lowering of the level of Lake Washington in 1916. At that time, it was purchased by industrialist Charles H. Burnett who intended to use it for coal storage and shipment. Those plans never came to be, and the semi-swampland was used as a hay farm. In 1936, Burnett's daughter Amy Louise Burnett Bond, transferred the land back to the state of Washington. Coincidentally, Burnett Bond was a close friend of Bertha Potter (wife of William E. Boeing), being both her godmother, and living with her family while she attended finishing school.
At the start of World War II, the property was transferred from the state to the federal government. Due to its location on a large body of water, the Navy Department worked to establish a flying boat aircraft factory on the land for production of the Boeing XPBB Sea Ranger. This order was cancelled, however, to free the factory for production of the Boeing B-29 Superfortress, the factory being transferred to the Army in exchange for use of the North American Aviation's Kansas City factory for production of the land-based B-25 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedish%20interactive%20thresholding%20algorithm | The Swedish interactive thresholding algorithm, usually referred to as SITA, is a method to test for visual field loss, usually in glaucoma testing or monitoring. It is combined with a visual field test such as standard automated perimetry (SAP) or short wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP) to determine visual fields in a more efficient manner.
Standard automated perimetry determines how dim of light (the threshold) can be seen at various points in an individual eye's visual field. Various algorithms have been developed to determine this threshold in the dozens to over a hundred individual points in a single visual field. The SITA algorithm optimizes the determination of perimetry thresholds by continuously estimating what the expected threshold is based on the patient's age and neighboring thresholds. In this manner, it can reduce the time necessary to acquire a visual field by up to 50%, and it decreases patient fatigue and increases reliability. SITA mode is now widely used in many computerized automated perimeters.
The testing mode interrupts testing when measurement error is reached. This results in a shorter test time with reportedly equal accuracy as other automated threshold visual fields.
References
Blindness
Diagnostic ophthalmology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20oscillation | Electronic oscillation is a repeating cyclical variation in voltage or current in an electrical circuit, resulting in a periodic waveform. The frequency of the oscillation in hertz is the number of times the cycle repeats per second.
The recurrence may be in the form of a varying voltage or a varying current. The waveform may be sinusoidal or some other shape when its magnitude is plotted against time. Electronic oscillation may be intentionally caused, as in devices designed as oscillators, or it may be the result of unintentional positive feedback from the output of an electronic device to its input. The latter appears often in feedback amplifiers (such as operational amplifiers) that do not have sufficient gain or phase margins. In this case, the oscillation often interferes with or compromises the amplifier's intended function, and is known as parasitic oscillation.
References
Electronic engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strontium%20bromide | Strontium bromide is a chemical compound with a formula SrBr2. At room temperature it is a white, odourless, crystalline powder. Strontium bromide imparts a bright red colour in a flame test, showing the presence of strontium ions. It is used in flares and also has some pharmaceutical uses.
Preparation
SrBr2 can be prepared from strontium hydroxide and hydrobromic acid.
Alternatively strontium carbonate can also be used as strontium source.
These reactions give hexahydrate of SrBr2, which decomposes to dihydrate at 89 °C. At 180 °C anhydrous SrBr2 is obtained.
Structure
At room temperature, strontium bromide adopts a crystal structure with a tetragonal unit cell and space group P4/n. This structure is referred to as α-SrBr2 and is isostructural with EuBr2 and USe2. The compound's structure was initially erroneously interpreted as being of the PbCl2 type, but this was later corrected.
Around 920 K (650 °C), α-SrBr2 undergoes a first-order solid-solid phase transition to a much less ordered phase, β-SrBr2, which adopts the cubic fluorite structure. The beta phase of strontium bromide has a much higher ionic conductivity of about 1 S cm−1, comparable to that of molten SrBr2, due to extensive disorder in the bromide sublattice. Strontium bromide melts at 930 K (657 °C).
See also
Strontium chloride
References
http://www.webelements.com/
Strontium compounds
Bromides
Alkaline earth metal halides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaha%20TG77 | Yamaha TG77 is the rack-mounted equivalent of Yamaha Corporation's SY77 synthesizer workstation. It, too, is a 16-voice multitimbral music (synthesizer) utilizing Yamaha's Advanced Frequency Modulation; Advanced Wave Memory; and the combination of these two systems, either by layering together or by modulating an AFM voice by an AWM wave, a synergy termed Realtime Convolution and Modulation Synthesis (RCM). The unit came into production in 1989, simultaneously with the SY77.
The 77 series (and its successor, the SY99) feature various filters, which digitally model those of analog equipment and include the popular feature of self-oscillation from the latter. Each of up to four Elements within a Voice can have its own filter, which can be controlled by a dedicated envelope generator. The TG77 is equipped with two sets of stereo outputs, like the SY77, and is enhanced compared to the latter by having eight individual outputs, which are assignable to individual internal instruments. Like the SY77, the TG77 has a large LCD display, and programming takes place through a keypad on the front panel.
The SY/TG series can generate rich, layered, multitimbral sounds. It is capable of the characteristic timbres of DX7-style FM synthesis but can also expand upon this greatly with various new FM features (hence the A in AFM) and the addition of sampled waveforms (AWM). There are large libraries of patches and expansion cards available for the SY/TG series that enable the user to expand th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dame%20Edna%20Treatment | The Dame Edna Treatment is a British talk show created by Barry Humphries and starring his fictional characters Dame Edna Everage and Sir Les Patterson. It aired on ITV at various times. The theme tune was written and performed by Robin Gibb. It was based upon the 1997 British talk show Dr Dame Edna Kisses It Better. It is set in Dame Edna's health-spa, where her celebrity guests have come for some "treatment". Viewing figures varied from 2.5m according to Digital Spy.
Guests
Viewing Figures
References
External links
The Dame Edna Treatment opening sequence at YouTube
2000s British television talk shows
2007 British television series debuts
2007 British television series endings
Barry Humphries
British television talk shows
ITV (TV network) original programming
Television series by Banijay
Television series by Tiger Aspect Productions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaha%20SY77 | Yamaha SY77 is a 16 voice multitimbral music workstation first produced by Yamaha Corporation in 1989. The SY77 is a synthesizer whose architecture combines AFM (Advanced Frequency Modulation) synthesis, AWM2 (Advanced Wave Memory 2) for ROM-borne sample-based synthesis, and the combination of these two methods christened Realtime Convolution and Modulation Synthesis (RCM). The same technology was also packaged in a rack-mounted module released simultaneously, the TG77.
The SY77 is equipped with a 61-key keyboard with velocity and aftertouch; has a pitch wheel and two modulation wheels (the latter being quite a rare feature among keyboards in general); and has a large backlit LCD display, expansion slots, floppy-drive, on-board effects, and a 16,000 note sequencer. Programming is performed through a keypad on the front panel.
When the SY77 was released in late 1989, its initial prices were close to $3000 USD/£2000 GBP. In 1991, it was followed by the SY99, a successor that cost ~$4000/£3000 and expanded its capabilities with a 76-key keyboard, the ability to load user-specified samples for AWM, a more advanced effects unit, and other features.
Synthesis technologies
The AFM synthesis of the SY77 is effectively a superset of the 6-operator FM synthesis available on the Yamaha DX7 and DX7 II series of synthesizers. It is capable of all of the sounds that can be produced by those earlier keyboards – with various programs being able to automatically translate DX patches intell |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysosomal%20trafficking%20regulator | Lysosomal trafficking regulator is a vesicular transport protein associated with Chédiak–Higashi syndrome.
In melanocytic cells LYST gene expression may be regulated by MITF.
References
External links
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Chediak-Higashi Syndrome |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran%20antigen%20system | The Lutheran antigen systems is a classification of human blood based on the presence of substances called Lutheran antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells. There are 19 known Lutheran antigens.
All of these antigens arise from variations in a gene called BCAM (basal cell adhesion molecule). The system is based on the expression of two codominant alleles, designated Lua and Lub. The antigens Aua and Aub, known as the Auberger antigens, were once thought to make up a separate blood group but were later shown to be Lutheran antigens arising from variations in the BCAM gene.
The phenotypes Lu(a+b−) and Lu(a+b+) are found at various frequencies within populations. The Lu(a−b+) phenotype is the most common in all populations, whereas the Lu(a−b−) phenotype is uncommon. Though present in the fetus, it is seldom the cause of erythroblastosis fetalis or of transfusion reactions.
Notes
Blood antigen systems
Transfusion medicine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Mallory | Philip Rogers Mallory (November 11, 1885 - November 16, 1975) was an American businessman and the founder of the company that is now known as Duracell International. Rather than making a career in his family's shipping business, he founded his own manufacturing company, the P. R. Mallory Company. Starting as a manufacturer of tungsten filament wire, his company later became The Mallory Battery Company and is now known as Duracell International.
Early life and education
He attended Yale and Columbia universities.
Business
In 1942, Samuel Ruben and Mallory developed the mercury cell which was considered a breakthrough in battery manufacturing.
Sailing
Mallory served as Commodore of American Yacht Club in the 1920s.
Personal life
His parents were Cora Pynchon and Henry Rogers Mallory, son of Charles Henry Mallory. His siblings were Clifford Day Mallory and Cora Pynchon Mallory. He had three children, Henry Rogers Mallory, Dorothea Mallory Grantham and Barron Mallory. His grandchildren include Sandra Mallory Constabile, Susan Pynchon Dunn, Sally Mallory Morris, Dodie Fuhr, Mallory Grantham, Philip Grantham, David Grantham, Peter Mallory, Muffy Mallory, George Mallory and Betsy Mallory. and great-grandchildren include Beau Roberts, Sally Roberts Han, Scott Roberts, Erin Constabile, Christy Gilbert, Tom Constabile, Kerry Constabile, Liz Constabile Letvinchuk, Amanda Heisner, April Fuhr, Ashley Fuhr, Andrew Morris, Taylor Morris, Sarah Grantham, Heeth Grantham, Jamie Grantham, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapasin | TAP-associated glycoprotein, also known as tapasin or TAPBP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAPBP gene.
Function
The TAPBP gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that mediates interaction between newly assembled major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP), which is required for the transport of antigenic peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This interaction facilitates optimal peptide loading on the MHC class I molecule. Up to four complexes of MHC class I and tapasin may be bound to a single TAP molecule. Tapasin contains a C-terminal double-lysine motif (KKKAE) known to maintain membrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. In humans, the tapasin gene lies within the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6. Alternative splicing results in three transcript variants encoding different isoforms.
Tapasin is a MHC class I antigen-processing molecule present in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. It plays an important role in the maturation of MHC class I molecules in the ER lumen. Tapasin is one component of the peptide-loading complex, and can be found associated with MHC class I molecules after the MHC class I heavy chain has associated with Beta2 microglobulin. The peptide-loading complex consists of TAP, tapasin, MHC class I, calreticulin, and ERp57. Tapasin recruits MHC class I molecules to the TAP peptide transporter, and also enhances loading of M |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange%20multipliers%20on%20Banach%20spaces | In the field of calculus of variations in mathematics, the method of Lagrange multipliers on Banach spaces can be used to solve certain infinite-dimensional constrained optimization problems. The method is a generalization of the classical method of Lagrange multipliers as used to find extrema of a function of finitely many variables.
The Lagrange multiplier theorem for Banach spaces
Let X and Y be real Banach spaces. Let U be an open subset of X and let f : U → R be a continuously differentiable function. Let g : U → Y be another continuously differentiable function, the constraint: the objective is to find the extremal points (maxima or minima) of f subject to the constraint that g is zero.
Suppose that u0 is a constrained extremum of f, i.e. an extremum of f on
Suppose also that the Fréchet derivative Dg(u0) : X → Y of g at u0 is a surjective linear map. Then there exists a Lagrange multiplier λ : Y → R in Y∗, the dual space to Y, such that
Since Df(u0) is an element of the dual space X∗, equation (L) can also be written as
where (Dg(u0))∗(λ) is the pullback of λ by Dg(u0), i.e. the action of the adjoint map (Dg(u0))∗ on λ, as defined by
Connection to the finite-dimensional case
In the case that X and Y are both finite-dimensional (i.e. linearly isomorphic to Rm and Rn for some natural numbers m and n) then writing out equation (L) in matrix form shows that λ is the usual Lagrange multiplier vector; in the case n = 1, λ is the usual Lagrange multiplier, a real number |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equine%20viral%20arteritis | Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a disease of horses caused by a virus of the species Alphaarterivirus equid, an RNA virus. It is the only species in the genus Alphaarterivirus, and that is the only genus in the Equarterivirinae subfamily. The virus which causes EVA was first isolated in 1953, but the disease has afflicted equine animals worldwide for centuries. It has been more common in some breeds of horses in the United States, but there is no breed "immunity". In the UK, it is a notifiable disease. There is no known human hazard.
Signs
The signs shown depend on the horse's age, the strain of the infecting virus, the condition of the horse and the route by which it was infected. Most horses with EVA infection do not show any signs; if a horse does show signs, these can vary greatly in severity. Following infection, the first sign is fever, peaking at , followed by various signs such as lethargy, nasal discharge, "pink eye" (conjunctivitis), swelling over the eye (supraorbital edema), urticaria, and swelling of the limbs and under the belly (the ventral abdomen) which may extend to the udder in mares or the scrotum of male horses. More unusual signs include spontaneous abortion in pregnant mares, and, most likely in foals, severe respiratory distress and death.
Cause
EVA is caused by an arterivirus called equine arteritis virus (EAV). Arteriviruses are small, enveloped, animal viruses with an icosahedral core containing a positive-sense RNA genome. As well as equine art |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20contacts | Point contacts may refer to:
Contact breaker, a type of electrical switch
Point contact diode, a type of semiconductor diode
Point of contact, a person serving as the focal point of information concerning an activity
Point-contact transistor, the first type of solid-state electronic transistor ever constructed, in 1947
Quantum point contact, a narrow constriction between two wide electrically conducting regions
See also
ContactPoint, a government database that held information on all children under 18 in England
Contact Point, a small rock headland on Trinity Peninsula, Antarctica |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan%20G.%20Ernst | Susan G. Ernst is professor emerita at Tufts University known for her work on cell development using sea urchins as a model system. She is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Academic career
Ernst graduated with honors from Louisiana State University in 1968 with a B.S. in Zoology. She received her Ph.D. in Zoology in 1975 from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. After completing post-doctoral fellowships first at Case Western Reserve and then the California Institute of Technology, Ernst became an Assistant Professor at Tufts University in 1979. From 1997 to 2005, Ernst held a number of deanships at Tufts serving, most notably, as the Dean of the School of Arts and Sciences from 2001 to 2005. Throughout this time she continued to teach undergraduate and graduate courses and pursue her research. In 2005, Ernst returned to teaching and research full-time.
Research
Her research is in Developmental biology and primarily focuses on the role of the Endo16 gene in embryogenesis. She uses the sea urchin as her model system for research. Her work includes investigations into RNA in sea urchins, and the proteins produced during the development of sea urchins. Ernst has mentored undergraduate students, including Michael Levin who worked with her on applying electrical fields to sea urchin embryos.
Selected publications
Awards and honors
Ernst was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1997.
R |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephelometry%20%28medicine%29 | Nephelometry is a technique used in immunology to determine the levels of several blood plasma proteins. For example the total levels of antibodies isotypes or classes: Immunoglobulin M, Immunoglobulin G, and Immunoglobulin A. It is important in quantification of free light chains in diseases such as multiple myeloma. Quantification is important for disease classification and for disease monitoring once a patient has been treated (increased skewing of the ratio between kappa and lambda light chains after a patient has been treated is an indication of disease recurrence).
It is performed by measuring the scattered light at an angle from the sample being measured. In diagnostic nephelometry, the ascending branch of the Heidelberger-Kendall curve is extended by optimizing the course of the reaction so that most plasma proteins’ (from human blood) measurement signals fall at the left side of the Heidelberger-Kendall curve, even at very high concentrations.
This technique is widely used in clinical laboratories because it is relatively easily automated. It is based on the principle that a dilute suspension of small particles will scatter light (usually a laser) passed through it rather than simply absorbing it. The amount of scatter is determined by collecting the light at an angle (usually at 30 and 90 degrees).
Antibody and the antigen are mixed in concentrations such that only small aggregates are formed that do not quickly settle to the bottom. The amount of light scatt |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20probability%20space | In probability theory, a standard probability space, also called Lebesgue–Rokhlin probability space or just Lebesgue space (the latter term is ambiguous) is a probability space satisfying certain assumptions introduced by Vladimir Rokhlin in 1940. Informally, it is a probability space consisting of an interval and/or a finite or countable number of atoms.
The theory of standard probability spaces was started by von Neumann in 1932 and shaped by Vladimir Rokhlin in 1940. Rokhlin showed that the unit interval endowed with the Lebesgue measure has important advantages over general probability spaces, yet can be effectively substituted for many of these in probability theory. The dimension of the unit interval is not an obstacle, as was clear already to Norbert Wiener. He constructed the Wiener process (also called Brownian motion) in the form of a measurable map from the unit interval to the space of continuous functions.
Short history
The theory of standard probability spaces was started by von Neumann in 1932 and shaped by Vladimir Rokhlin in 1940. For modernized presentations see , , and .
Nowadays standard probability spaces may be (and often are) treated in the framework of descriptive set theory, via standard Borel spaces, see for example . This approach is based on the isomorphism theorem for standard Borel spaces . An alternate approach of Rokhlin, based on measure theory, neglects null sets, in contrast to descriptive set theory.
Standard probability spaces are use |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulvene | Fulvene (pentafulvene) is a hydrocarbon with the formula (CH=CH)2C=CH2. It is a prototype of a cross-conjugated hydrocarbon. Fulvene is rarely encountered, but substituted derivatives (fulvenes) are numerous. They are mainly of interest as ligands and precursors to ligands in organometallic chemistry.
See also
Fulvalene
Methylenecyclopropene
References
Hydrocarbons
Vinylidene compounds
Cyclopentadienes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ii%20antigen%20system | The Ii antigen system is a human blood group system based upon a gene on chromosome 6 and consisting of the I antigen and the i antigen. The I antigen is normally present on the cell membrane of red blood cells in all adults, while the i antigen is present in fetuses and newborns.
I and i antigens
Adult red blood cells express I antigen abundantly. Developing fetuses and newborns express i antigen until around 13-20 months after birth, when I antigen starts to be expressed instead. Like ABH antigens, which make up the ABO blood group, I and i antigens are not restricted to the red blood cell membrane, but are found on most human cells and in body fluids such as saliva.
The I and i antigens are carbohydrate structures composed of repeating units of N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc), and are located on the interior of structures carrying ABH and Lewis antigens. LacNAc repeats are made by the enzymes B3GNT1 and B4GALT1. The i antigen is made of linear repeats, while the structure of the I antigen is branched. Unlike most other blood groups, the two antigens are not encoded by different alleles; rather, I-branching enzyme converts i antigen to I antigen by adding branches. The gene encoding I-branching enzyme is located on chromosome 6.
Clinical significance
The function of I and i antigens are unknown but may be related to hematopoiesis, the production of blood. The rapid conversion from i to I antigens after birth suggests that I antigen plays an important role in adult red blo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20African%20presence%20in%20London | The history of African presence in London may extend back to the Roman period.
Roman London
Using bioarchaeology, DNA analysis and the examination of grave goods in Roman London have identified one woman from the southern Mediterranean who may have had African ancestry who had travelled to London during the Roman period.
16th century
The population density of Africans in 16th-century London is poorly understood. Due to the proliferation of documentation in the Tudor and Stuart periods, we know that Africans were present in most of the noble courts of this century.
An African trumpeter, John Blanke served King Henry VII and King Henry VIII. Blanke is depicted on Westminster tournament roll in 1511, is said to have arrived in England with Catherine of Aragon in 1501, although a document from June 1488, lists a person named John Blank, a footman already in service of Henry VII.
Documentation from the court of Queen Elizabeth I concerning the Baskerville campaign of 1595–96, documents a substantial number of Spanish and African prisoners of war captured in an assault by Sir Francis Drake on a Spanish pearl-fishing settlement in Rio de la Hacha in the Spanish West Indies during the Anglo-Spanish War. Later, she traded those prisoners for the return of English prisoners held in Spain and Portugal. Elizabeth also employed an African court dancer named Lucy Negro who later became an infamous madam who ran a licentious house (brothel) in Clerkenwell, north London and is consider |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Nikolai%2C%20Varna | Saint Nicholai's icon (Holy image) labels the light house at the tip of the outskirt pier of the Port of Varna. Saint Nicholai (see also Saint Nicholas) is patron saint of sailors, fishermen, ships and sailing. In centuries of Greek folklore, Nicholas was seen as "The Lord of the Sea", often described by modern Greek scholars as a kind of Christianised version of Poseidon (after the advent of Christianity).
Historical leads
St. Nicholas of Myra
St. Nicholas tomb in Myra and Normans' domination in sea
St. Nicholas born in Turkey and become bishop of Myra
The Church of St. Nicholas (Aya Nicola Kilisesi), (also ancient Myra - port of Adriake, Demre River)
The Church of St. Nicholas in Demre (about 50 km or 30 miles from Kaṣ)
In the first crusade, year 1100, the Venetians on the way to Jaffa steal the body of St. Nicholas from a monastery
'War of relics' - The importance of the cult of saints who specialized in the protection of maritime adventures in the creation of the Venetian self-image. Sailors from Bari managed to gain possession of some relics of St. Nicholas and returned to their city with them
St. Nicholas (d. 350), Bishop of Myra in Lycia, one of the most popular Greek saints but also much venerated in the West. He is said to have been imprisoned by Diocletian but afterwards released. He is known for his good deeds. Justinian built the first church known to be dedicated to him, the church of Priscus and St. Nicholas, in Constantinople. The popularity of St. Nicholas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Ursell | Fritz Joseph Ursell FRS (28 April 1923 – 11 May 2012) was a British mathematician noted for his contributions to fluid mechanics, especially in the area of wave-structure interactions. He held the Beyer Chair of Applied Mathematics at the University of Manchester from 1961 to 1990, was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1972 and retired in 1990.
Education
Ursell came to England as a Jewish refugee in 1937 from Germany. From 1941 to 1943 he studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating with a bachelor degree in mathematics.
Career
At the end of 1943 Ursell joined the Admiralty as a part of a team—headed by George Deacon (not John Deacon) —whose task was to formulate rules for forecasting waves for the allied landings in Japan. Their findings have become the basis of modern wave-forecasting. Ursell stayed in the Admiralty until 1947. In 1947 he was appointed to a post-doctoral fellowship in applied mathematics
at Manchester University without a doctorate. In 1950 he returned to Cambridge as lecturer. There he met G. I. Taylor. In 1957 he spent a year at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, having been invited by Arthur Ippen. In 1961 Ursell moved back to Manchester.
In 1994 Ursell was awarded the Gold Medal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications in recognition of his "outstanding contributions to mathematics and its applications over a period of years".
Scientific work
In 1957 he published together with Clive R. Chester and Bernard Friedman a classi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%20scattering%20by%20particles | Light scattering by particles is the process by which small particles (e.g. ice crystals, dust, atmospheric particulates, cosmic dust, and blood cells) scatter light causing optical phenomena such as the blue color of the sky, and halos.
Maxwell's equations are the basis of theoretical and computational methods describing light scattering, but since exact solutions to Maxwell's equations are only known for selected particle geometries (such as spherical), light scattering by particles is a branch of computational electromagnetics dealing with electromagnetic radiation scattering and absorption by particles.
In case of geometries for which analytical solutions are known (such as spheres, cluster of spheres, infinite cylinders), the solutions are typically calculated in terms of infinite series. In case of more complex geometries and for inhomogeneous particles the original Maxwell's equations are discretized and solved. Multiple-scattering effects of light scattering by particles are treated by radiative transfer techniques (see, e.g. atmospheric radiative transfer codes).
The relative size of a scattering particle is defined by its size parameter , which is the ratio of its characteristic dimension to its wavelength:
Exact computational methods
Finite-difference time-domain method
The FDTD method belongs in the general class of grid-based differential time-domain numerical modeling methods. The time-dependent Maxwell's equations (in partial differential form) are discre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain%20scanning | In physics, strain scanning is the general name for various techniques that aim to measure the strain in a crystalline material through its effect on the diffraction of X-rays and neutrons. In these methods the material itself is used as a form of strain gauge.
The various methods are derived from powder diffraction but look for the small shifts in the diffraction spectrum that indicate a change in a lattice parameter instead of trying to derive unknown structural information. By comparing the lattice parameter to a known reference value it is possible to determine the. If sufficient measurements are made in different directions it is possible to derive the strain tensor. If the elastic properties of the material are known, one can then compute the stress tensor.
Principles
At its most basic level strain scanning uses shifts in Bragg diffraction peaks to determine the strain. Strain is defined as the change in length (shift in lattice parameter, d) divided by the original length (unstrained lattice parameter, d0). In diffraction based strain scanning this becomes the change in peak position divided by the original position. The precise equation is presented in terms of diffraction angle, energy, or - for relatively slow moving neutrons - time of flight:
Methods
The details of the technique are heavily influenced by the type of radiation used since lab X-rays, synchrotron X-rays and neutrons have very different properties. Nevertheless, there is considerable overlap betwe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Whittle | Alan Whittle (born 10 March 1950) is an English retired footballer who played as a forward or attacking midfielder. He made a total of 241 Football League appearances for Everton, Crystal Palace, Orient and AFC Bournemouth, scoring 46 goals. He also spent a season with Iranian side Persepolis where he made 34 appearances and scored 16 goals.
Club career
Whittle was a product of the Everton youth academy and debuted for the first-team in 1967 at the age of 17. In five years at Everton Whittle made 74 appearances scoring 21 goals, but found it difficult to establish himself in the first-team.
Whittle's nickname was The Hustler at Everton, though he campaigned in The Toffees football in the community scheme. The highlight of his time at Everton was being part of the side that won the First Division in the 1969–70 season; making 15 appearances and scoring 11 goals in the process.
In December 1972, Whittle was sold to Crystal Palace for a then large fee of £100,000. Whittle spent four years of his career at Palace; however, his stay was dogged by injury and bad form, leading him to fall out of favour with then coach Malcolm Allison, Whittle did make a century of appearances for Palace and was a fan favourite. Palace fans would chant "We want Whittle" and "The Roker roar is no more, Whittle showed them how to score".
Whittle spent two one-season spells at Orient scoring six goals in 50 appearances for the club and coming second in the Anglo-Scottish Cup. Whittle surprised many b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C5a%20receptor | The C5a receptor also known as complement component 5a receptor 1 (C5AR1) or CD88 (Cluster of Differentiation 88) is a G protein-coupled receptor for C5a. It functions as a complement receptor. C5a receptor 1 modulates inflammatory responses, obesity, development and cancers. From a signaling transduction perspective, C5a receptor 1 activation is implicated in β-arrestin2 recruitment via Rab5a, coupling of Gαi proteins, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, calcium mobilization and Rho activation leading to downstream functions, such as secretion of cytokines, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis.
Cells
The C5a receptor 1 is expressed on:
Granulocytes
Macrophages
Monocytes
Dendritic cells
Hepatoma-derived cell line HepG2
Astrocytes
Microglia
Agonist and antagonists
Potent and selective agonist and antagonists for C5a receptor 1 have been developed.
See also
Complement component 5a for binding mechanism
References
Further reading
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD59 | CD59 glycoprotein, also known as MAC-inhibitory protein (MAC-IP), membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (MIRL), or protectin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD59 gene. It is an LU domain and belongs to the LY6/uPAR/alpha-neurotoxin protein family.
CD59 attaches to host cells via a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. When complement activation leads to deposition of C5b678 on host cells, CD59 can prevent C9 from polymerizing and forming the complement membrane attack complex. It may also signal the cell to perform active measures such as endocytosis of the CD59-C9 complex.
Mutations affecting GPI that reduce expression of CD59 and decay-accelerating factor on red blood cells result in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Viruses such as HIV, human cytomegalovirus and vaccinia incorporate host cell CD59 into their own viral envelope to prevent lysis by complement.
References
Further reading
External links
Clusters of differentiation
Blood antigen systems
Transfusion medicine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serine%20hydroxymethyltransferase | Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) (Vitamin B6) dependent enzyme () which plays an important role in cellular one-carbon pathways by catalyzing the reversible, simultaneous conversions of L-serine to glycine and tetrahydrofolate (THF) to 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate (5,10-CH2-THF). This reaction provides the largest part of the one-carbon units available to the cell.
Structure
The structure of the SHMT monomer is similar across prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but whereas the active enzyme is a dimer in prokaryotes, the enzyme exists as a tetramer in eukaryotic cells, though the evolutionary basis for this difference in structure is unknown. However, the evolutionary path taken by SHMT going from prokaryotic dimeric form to the eukaryotic tetrameric form can be easily seen as a sort of doubling event. In other words, the eukaryotic SHMT tetramer resembles two prokaryotic dimers that have packed together, forming what has been described as a “dimer of dimers.” The interaction between two monomers within a dimer subunit has been found to occur over a greater contact area and is thus much tighter than the interaction between the two dimers. Human Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) regulates one-carbon transfer reactions required for amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, and the regulated switch between dimeric and tetrameric forms of SHMT2, which is induced by Pyridoxal phosphate, has recently been shown to be involved in regulation of t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanian%20year%20book | Tasmanian year book was the annual review of statistics collected for Tasmania.
It was a companion volume to Walch's Tasmanian Almanac bound in the same colour red cloth - and produced between 1967 and 2000.
It was issued by the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics Tasmanian Office, later known as the Australian Bureau of Statistics office.
It had regular special articles in each edition which were considered definitive in their writing and approach.
Special articles
No.11 (1977)
Townsley, W.A. The Tasmanian main line railway company (originally presented in 1956 to the Tasmanian Historical Research Association) pp. 6 – 22. along with photographs
Publishing details
No. 1 (1967)-no. 27 (2000) - Hobart, Tas. : Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics, Tasmanian Office, 1967-2000. ISSN 0082-2116 (1987 not published)
External links
www.abs.gov.au
History of Tasmania |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-Phosphogluconate%20dehydrogenase | 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) is an enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. It forms ribulose 5-phosphate from 6-phosphogluconate:
6-phospho-D-gluconate + NAD(P)+ D-Ribulose 5-phosphate + CO2 + NAD(P)H + H+
It is an oxidative carboxylase that catalyses the decarboxylating reduction of 6-phosphogluconate into ribulose 5-phosphate in the presence of NADP. This reaction is a component of the hexose mono-phosphate shunt and pentose phosphate pathways (PPP). Prokaryotic and eukaryotic 6PGD are proteins of about 470 amino acids whose sequences are highly conserved. The protein is a homodimer in which the monomers act independently: each contains a large, mainly alpha-helical domain and a smaller beta-alpha-beta domain, containing a mixed parallel and anti-parallel 6-stranded beta sheet. NADP is bound in a cleft in the small domain, the substrate binding in an adjacent pocket.
Biotechnological significance
Recently, 6PGD was demonstrated to catalyze also the reverse reaction (i.e. reductive carboxylation) in vivo. Experiments using Escherichia coli selection strains revealed that this reaction was efficient enough to support the formation of biomass based solely on CO2 and pentose sugars. In the future, this property could be exploited for synthetic carbon fixation routes.
Clinical significance
Mutations within the gene coding this enzyme result in 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase deficiency, an autosomal hereditary disease affecting the red blood cells.
As a possi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20space%20method | In applied mathematics, the phase space method is a technique for constructing and analyzing solutions of dynamical systems, that is, solving time-dependent differential equations.
The method consists of first rewriting the equations as a system of differential equations that are first-order in time, by introducing additional variables. The original and the new variables form a vector in the phase space. The solution then becomes a curve in the phase space, parametrized by time. The curve is usually called a trajectory or an orbit. The (vector) differential equation is reformulated as a geometrical description of the curve, that is, as a differential equation in terms of the phase space variables only, without the original time parametrization. Finally, a solution in the phase space is transformed back into the original setting.
The phase space method is used widely in physics. It can be applied, for example, to find traveling wave solutions of reaction–diffusion systems.
See also
Reaction–diffusion system
Fisher's equation
References
Partial differential equations
Dynamical systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20J.%20Newman | Donald Joseph (D. J.) Newman (July 27, 1930 – March 28, 2007) was an American mathematician. He gave simple proofs of the prime number theorem and the Hardy-Ramanujan partition formula. He excelled on multiple occasions at the annual Putnam competition while studying at City College of New York and New York University, and later received his PhD from Harvard University in 1953.
Life and works
Newman was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1930, and studied at New York's Stuyvesant High School. When he was 14 he worked with Dubble Bubble Gum to help solve the statistical question of how often a gum purchaser would receive the same joke for their gum wrapper. He was an avid problem-solver, and as an undergraduate was a Putnam Fellow all three years he took part in the Putnam math competition; only the third person to attain that feat. His mathematical specialties included complex analysis, approximation theory and number theory. In 1980 he found a short proof of the prime number theorem, which can now be found in his textbook on Complex analysis. He also gave a simplified proof of the Hardy-Ramanujans partition formula.
Newman was a friend and associate of John Nash. His career included posts as a Professor of Mathematics at MIT, Brown University, Yeshiva University, Temple University and a distinguished chair at Bar Ilan University in Israel. He held government and industry positions at Avco, Republic Aviation, Bell Laboratories, IBM and the NSA.
Newman's love of problem solvin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well%20kill | A well kill is the operation of placing a column of special fluids of the required density into a well bore in order to prevent the flow of reservoir fluids without the need for pressure control equipment at the surface. It works on the principle that the hydrostatic head of the "kill fluid" or "kill mud" will be enough to suppress the pressure of the formation fluids. Well kills may be planned in the case of advanced interventions such as workovers, or be contingency operations. The situation calling for a well kill will dictate the method taken.
Not all well kills are deliberate. On occasion, the unintended accumulation of fluids, either from injection of chemicals like methanol from the surface, or from liquids produced from the reservoir, can be enough to kill the well, particularly gas wells, which are notoriously easy to kill.
Well control in general is an extremely expensive and dangerous operation. Extensive training, testing, proof of competence, and experience are prerequisites for planning and performing a well kill, even a seemingly simple one. Many people have died through incorrectly performed well kills.
Principles
The principle of a well kill revolves around the influence of the weight of a fluid column and hence the pressure exerted at the wellbore's bottom.
Where P is the pressure at a specific depth, h, within the column, g is the acceleration of gravity and ρ is the density of the fluid. It is common in the oil industry to use weight density, which is |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20Fatou%20components | In mathematics, Fatou components are components of the Fatou set. They were named after Pierre Fatou.
Rational case
If f is a rational function
defined in the extended complex plane, and if it is a nonlinear function (degree > 1)
then for a periodic component of the Fatou set, exactly one of the following holds:
contains an attracting periodic point
is parabolic
is a Siegel disc: a simply connected Fatou component on which f(z) is analytically conjugate to a Euclidean rotation of the unit disc onto itself by an irrational rotation angle.
is a Herman ring: a double connected Fatou component (an annulus) on which f(z) is analytically conjugate to a Euclidean rotation of a round annulus, again by an irrational rotation angle.
Attracting periodic point
The components of the map contain the attracting points that are the solutions to . This is because the map is the one to use for finding solutions to the equation by Newton–Raphson formula. The solutions must naturally be attracting fixed points.
Herman ring
The map
and t = 0.6151732... will produce a Herman ring. It is shown by Shishikura that the degree of such map must be at least 3, as in this example.
More than one type of component
If degree d is greater than 2 then there is more than one critical point and then can be more than one type of component
Transcendental case
Baker domain
In case of transcendental functions there is another type of periodic Fatou components, called Baker domain: these ar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICGC | ICGC may refer to:
Imperial College Gliding Club
International Cancer Genome Consortium
International Central Gospel Church |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Simorgh | The Crystal Simorgh () is an award given by Fajr International Film Festival, Iran's major annual film festival. It is awarded in several categories of International Competition as well as Iranian Cinema Competition. The award's name comes from the Simurgh, a mythical bird that appears in Persian mythology.
The Crystal Simorgh is one of the highest film honors in Iran.
See also
Simurgh
:Category:Crystal Simorgh recipients
References
Fajr International Film Festival
Iranian film awards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ropucha-class%20landing%20ship | The Project 775, NATO reporting name Ropucha class (Polish for Toad), is a class of landing ship (large landing ship in Soviet classification) built in Poland for the Soviet Navy. The ships were built in the Stocznia Północna shipyards in Gdańsk, Poland. They were designed for beach landings, and can carry a 450-ton cargo. The ships have both bow- and stern-doors for loading and unloading vehicles, and the of vehicle deck stretches the length of the hull. Up to 25 armored personnel carriers can be embarked.
While designed for roll-on/roll-off operations, they can also be loaded using dockside cranes. For this purpose there is a long sliding hatch-cover above the bow section for access to the vehicle deck. There are no facilities for helicopters.
In total, 28 ships of this type were commissioned from 1975 to 1991. The last three ships were of the improved variant Project 775M, also called Ropucha II. These have improved defensive armament and accommodation for a greater number of troops.
Operational history
Most of the ships became part of the Russian Navy after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. They were used for landing troops at the Georgian port of Poti during the 2008 South Ossetia war and for deliveries of cargo during the Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war.
One ship of the class was delivered to South Yemen in 1979 and served the Yemeni Navy until 2002, before it was sold as a civilian cargo named Sam of Yemen. It was the only unit of this cl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our%20Lady%20of%20Nourieh | Our Lady of Nourieh (Saydet el Nourieh in Arabic) is a Marian shrine in Hamat, Lebanon. Nourieh is a derivative of the Arabic word, nour, meaning light. Thus, in English, the Marian shrine can be called, Our Lady of Light.
The story of Our Lady of Light shrine and monastery is celebrated throughout Lebanon, a country where Christianity has existed since Jesus first evangelized in Tyre and Sidon, and therefore, Lebanon is often considered part of the “Holy Land.” Some of the first Christian communities were set up in Lebanon during the time of the apostles.
It is believed that two sailors built the shrine in the 4th century. One winter night, on a very stormy sea, the two sailors found themselves in peril. They began praying, and the Virgin appeared to them as a light and guided them gently to the shore of Theoprosopon near modern-day Chekka in North Lebanon. The grateful sailors carved a cave in the cliff and dedicated it to the Virgin Mary, and called the shrine, Our Lady of Light. A Greek Orthodox monastery was built in the 17th century. The miraculous icon of the Theotokos has been venerated for centuries for having glowed with light to attract wayward ships.
The shrine is a popular Christian pilgrimage site in Lebanon, and tourists and pilgrims alike enjoy the beautiful view of the bay from atop historic Cape Theoprosopon.
References
Shrines to the Virgin Mary
Marian devotions
Titles of Mary
Catholic devotions
Religious buildings and structures in Lebanon
Easter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marko%20Markov | Marko Markov Ganchev (, born 11 August 1981) is a Bulgarian football player, currently playing for Kaliakra Kavarna as an attacking left midfielder.
He has played for a few clubs, including Neftochimic Burgas, Lokomotiv Plovdiv, Vihren Sandanski, Armenian Premier League Banants Yerevan and Sliven 2000.
Height - 1.71 m.
Weight - 65 kg.
Number - 8
Career
1999-2000 Naftex Burgas
2000-2002 FC Pomorie
2002-2003 Naftex Burgas
2003-2004 PFC Sliven
2004-2005 Lokomotiv Plovdiv
2005-2007 FC Vihren Sandanski
2007 Aiolikos
2008 Banants Yerevan
References
1981 births
Living people
Bulgarian men's footballers
PFC Lokomotiv Plovdiv players
FC Urartu players
OFC Sliven 2000 players
FC Kaliakra Kavarna players
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
Expatriate men's footballers in Armenia
Armenian Premier League players
Men's association football midfielders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor%20Sofroniev | Viktor Sofroniev (; born 4 April 1981) is a Bulgarian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder.
His first club was Spartak Varna.
References
1981 births
Living people
Bulgarian men's footballers
First Professional Football League (Bulgaria) players
FC Spartak Varna players
OFC Vihren Sandanski players
FC Rodopa Smolyan players
OFC Belasitsa Petrich players
FC Lokomotiv Mezdra players
FC Botev Krivodol players
PFC Beroe Stara Zagora players
FC Minyor Pernik players
Men's association football midfielders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation%20photovoltaic%20cell | Third-generation photovoltaic cells are solar cells that are potentially able to overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit of 31–41% power efficiency for single bandgap solar cells. This includes a range of alternatives to cells made of semiconducting p-n junctions ("first generation") and thin film cells ("second generation"). Common third-generation systems include multi-layer ("tandem") cells made of amorphous silicon or gallium arsenide, while more theoretical developments include frequency conversion, (i.e. changing the frequencies of light that the cell cannot use to light frequencies that the cell can use - thus producing more power), hot-carrier effects and other multiple-carrier ejection techniques.
Emerging photovoltaics include:
Copper zinc tin sulfide solar cell (CZTS), and derivates CZTSe and CZTSSe
Dye-sensitized solar cell, also known as "Grätzel cell"
Organic solar cell
Perovskite solar cell
Quantum dot solar cell
The achievements in the research of perovskite cells, especially, have received tremendous attention in the public as their research efficiencies recently soared above 20 percent. They also offer a wide spectrum of low-cost applications. In addition, another emerging technology, concentrator photovoltaics (CPV), uses high-efficient, multi-junction solar cells in combination with optical lenses and a tracking system.
Technologies
Solar cells can be thought of as visible light counterparts to radio receivers. A receiver consists of three basic par |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaldolase | Transaldolase is an enzyme () of the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. In humans, transaldolase is encoded by the TALDO1 gene.
The following chemical reaction is catalyzed by transaldolase:
sedoheptulose 7-phosphate + glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate erythrose 4-phosphate + fructose 6-phosphate
Clinical significance
The pentose phosphate pathway has two metabolic functions: (1) generation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced NADPH), for reductive biosynthesis, and (2) formation of ribose, which is an essential component of ATP, DNA, and RNA. Transaldolase links the pentose phosphate pathway to glycolysis. In patients with deficiency of transaldolase, there's an accumulation of erythritol (from erythrose 4-phosphate), D-arabitol, and ribitol.
The deletion in 3 base pairs in the TALDO1 gene results in the absence of serine at position 171 of the transaldolase protein, which is part of a highly conserved region, suggesting that the mutation causes the transaldolase deficiency that is found in erythrocytes and lymphoblasts. The deletion of this amino acid can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatosplenomegaly (enlarged spleen and liver) during early infancy. Transaldolase is also a target of autoimmunity in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Structure
Transaldolase is a single domain composed of 337 amino acids. The core structure is an α/β barrel, similar to other class I aldolases, made up of eight parallel β-sheets and seven α-helices. There |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCR%20%28disambiguation%29 | SOCR is an acronym that can refer to:
Statistics Online Computational Resource
Seattle Office for Civil Rights
State Operated Community Residence
Stand-alone optical character reader
Special Operational Capability Report
Special Operations Craft – Riverine (SOC-R) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedoheptulose%207-phosphate | Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway.
It is formed by transketolase and acted upon by transaldolase.
Sedoheptulokinase is an enzyme that uses sedoheptulose and ATP to produce ADP and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate.
Sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase is an enzyme that uses sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate and H2O to produce sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and phosphate.
See also
Sedoheptulose
3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonic acid 7-phosphate, a related compound and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of shikimic acid
References
Organophosphates
Monosaccharide derivatives
Heptoses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filmtecknarna | FilmTecknarna is a Swedish animation studio formed by Jonas Odell, Lars Ohlson, Stig Bergkvist, and Martti Ekstrand in 1981.
History
The studio started out producing their own independent films before moving into commercials and music videos. The studio has become known for an eclectic blend of animation and live action. FilmTecknarna today consists of three companies: FilmTecknarna Stockholm (focused on the production of TV-commercials and music videos), FilmTecknarna Inc. (based in New York City and focused on producing commercials, broadcast graphics, and music videos for the U.S. market), and finally, FilmTecknarna Fiction, that devotes itself to the development and production of long-format productions, such as TV-series, short films and feature films. The commercial division today represents thirteen directors working in a variety of styles and techniques. They are: Jonas Odell, Stig Bergqvist, Jonas Dahlbeck, Jessica Laurén, Johanna Andersson, Boris Nawratil, David Nord, Jory Hull, Lucas Zanotti, Jasmin Jodry, and a new director soon to be made public. The founders, Jonas Odell, Lars Ohlson, and Stig Bergqvist, were students in Stockholm who joined together to make small super 8 films in the 1970s.
List of films
The Man Who Thought with His Hat (), 1984; based on the book by Gunnar Berefelt
Dawning (), 1985, based on a short comic by Joakim Pirinen
Pesce Pesce, 1988
Exit, 1989
Alice in Plasmaland, 1993
Revolver (), 1993
Body Parts, 1995
Ebbe & Sten, 1995
Otto, 1997
F |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20pressure | Total pressure may mean:
Total pressure (gases)
Total pressure (fluids) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichoderma%20reesei | Trichoderma reesei is a mesophilic and filamentous fungus. It is an anamorph of the fungus Hypocrea jecorina.
T. reesei can secrete large amounts of cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases and hemicellulases). Microbial cellulases have industrial application in the conversion of cellulose, a major component of plant biomass, into glucose.
T. reesei isolate QM6a was originally isolated from the Solomon Islands during World War II because of its degradation of canvas and garments of the US army. All strains currently used in biotechnology and basic research were derived from this isolate.
Recent advances in the biochemistry of cellulase enzymology, the mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis (cellulolysis), strain improvement, molecular cloning and process engineering are bringing T. reesei cellulases closer to being a commercially viable route to cellulose hydrolysis. Several industrially useful strains have been developed and characterised, e.g. Rut-C30, RL-P37 and MCG-80. The genome was released in 2008. T. reesei has a mating type-dependent characterised sexual cycle.
Sexual development
T. reesei QM6a has a MAT1-2 mating type locus. The opposite mating type, MAT1-1, was recently found, proving that T. reesei is a heterothallic species. After being regarded as asexual since its discovery more than 50 years ago, sexual reproduction can now be induced in T. reesei QM6a leading to formation of fertilized stromata and mature ascospores.
Use in industry
T. reesei is an important comm |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor%20Barna | Viktor Győző Barna (born Győző Braun; 24 August 1911 – 27 February 1972) was a Hungarian and British champion table tennis player as well as a record five times singles World Champion.
He won 41 World Championship medals (including 22 gold medals) and also won 20 English Open titles.
Personal life
Barna's birth name was Győző Braun, but because of anti-Semitism in Hungary at the time, he changed his name to a Hungarian-sounding name. In September 1939, during the outbreak of the Second World War, he and his wife were in America. Barna returned to Europe, in order to fight against the Nazis. He joined the British army as a parachutist, and fought in Yugoslavia. After the British withdrew from Yugoslavia, Barna remained in England. After the war he settled with his wife in London. He became a British national in 1952. Later he became a representative for the Dunlop Sports Company and continued traveling the world in this capacity. It was during one of these tours in 1972 that he succumbed to a heart attack in Lima, Peru.
His brother Tibor Barna was the 1940 Hungarian table tennis national champion.
Writing
In 1957, he published the book "How to Win at Table Tennis" (London: Pitman) . Then, in 1962, he published the book Table Tennis Today (London: Arthur Barker) and in 1971 Your Book of Table Tennis .
Legacy
Barna, who was Jewish, was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 1981.
Barna was inducted into the International Table Tennis Foundation Hall |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betulia%2C%20Santander | Betulia is a town and municipality in the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia.
Biodiversity
Frog Hypodactylus adercus is only known from Betulia, its type locality.
References
Municipalities of Santander Department |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoproline | Pseudoproline (also pseudo-proline, ψ-Pro) derivatives are artificially created dipeptides to minimize aggregation during Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of peptides.
History
The chemical synthesis of large peptides is still limited by problems of low solvation during solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) or limited solubility of fully protected peptide fragments: even chemoselective ligation methods are hampered by self-association of unprotected peptide blocks. The elucidation of the relationship between preferred conformation of a growing peptide chain and its physicochemical properties reveals that β-sheet (beta-sheet) formation is often paralleled by significant decrease in solvation and solubility. Besides attempts to increase the solvation of peptides by external factors, few attempts, i.e. N-substituted Hmb amino acid derivatives and pseudoprolines (see figure on the top right) have been reported to modify the intrinsic properties of peptides responsible for aggregation and secondary structure formation. Pseudoprolines consist of serine- (Oxa) or threonine-derived oxazolidines [Oxa(5-Me)] and Cysteine-derived thiazolidines (THz) with Proline-like ring structure (see top right). Mutter and coworkers have defined oxa- and thiaproline derivatives of serine, threonine, and cysteine with Ser(ψPro). Thr(ψPro), and Cys(ψPro), respectively, where the abbreviation ψPro indicates the relationship to proline (with heteroatomic ring substitution in position 4). Pseudoprolines with sub |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Solomon | Herbert Solomon (March 13, 1919 – September 20, 2004) was an American statistician. He was a professor emeritus of statistics at Stanford University and co-founder of the university's statistics department. Born in Harlem to Jewish-Russian immigrant parents, he attended DeWitt Clinton High School and later earned a bachelor's degree from the City College of New York in 1940 and a master's degree from Columbia University in 1941. His studies were interrupted by World War II, during which he was a member of the Statistical Research Group at Columbia. After the war, he would continue his doctoral studies at Stanford, and earned his doctorate in 1950. After serving in the Office of Naval Research from 1948 to 1952, he returned to Columbia as a professor, and taught there from 1952 to 1959. While on sabbatical, he returned to Stanford, where he would teach for the remainder of his life.
In 1954 he was named a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.
References
External links
1919 births
2004 deaths
American statisticians
City College of New York alumni
Columbia University alumni
Stanford University alumni
Stanford University faculty
Columbia University faculty
Fellows of the American Statistical Association |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse%20Genome%20Informatics | Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) is a free, online database and bioinformatics resource hosted by The Jackson Laboratory, with funding by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). MGI provides access to data on the genetics, genomics and biology of the laboratory mouse to facilitate the study of human health and disease. The database integrates multiple projects, with the two largest contributions coming from the Mouse Genome Database and Mouse Gene Expression Database (GXD). , MGI contains data curated from over 230,000 publications.
The MGI resource was first published online in 1994 and is a collection of data, tools, and analyses created and tailored for use in the laboratory mouse, a widely used model organism. It is "the authoritative source of official names for mouse genes, alleles, and strains", which follow the guidelines established by the International Committee on Standardized Genetic Nomenclature for Mice. The history and focus of Jackson Laboratory research and production facilities generates tremendous knowledge and depth which researchers can mine to advance their research. A dedicated community of mouse researchers, worldwide enhances and contributes to the knowledge as well. This is an indispensable tool for any researcher using the mouse as a model organism for their research, and for researchers interested in ge |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junctional%20epidermolysis%20bullosa%20%28veterinary%20medicine%29 | Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is an inherited disorder that is also known as red foot disease or hairless foal syndrome. JEB is the result of a genetic mutation that inhibits protein production that is essential for skin adhesion. Therefore, tissues, such as skin and mouth epithelia, are affected. Blisters form over the entire body causing pain and discomfort, and open sores leave newborn foals highly susceptible to secondary infection. The condition can be categorized into two types of mutations: JEB1 and JEB2. JEB1 is found in Belgian Draft horses, as well as other related Draft breeds. In contrast, JEB2 is found in American Saddlebred horses.
Breeds affected
JEB has documented in Belgian drafts, American Cream Draft, Breton drafts, Comtois, and American Saddlebreds. Of these horses, 12% of Belgians and 4% of Saddlebreds are thought to carry the disorder.
Humans
JEB also affects the human population. Symptoms are closely related to those that are seen in horses. Blisters occur over a large portion of the body and are very susceptible to agitation. There are other symptoms associated, such as alopecia (hair loss), abnormalities of fingernails and toenails, and joint deformities.
Children born with JEB may not live past the first year of age if the condition is severe enough. Other children that have a less severe case of JEB may live a normal lifespan.
Genetics
JEB is an autosomal recessive trait; both parents must carry the recessive gene in order to have |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%20Ubaidah%20al-Masri | Abu Ubaidah al-Masri (; ; died December 2007) was an al-Qaeda operative in Pakistan. Al-Masri was implicated in the 2006 Transatlantic Aircraft Plot, which was to be carried out by a terrorist cell operating in London, but which was orchestrated by al-Qaeda's central leadership.
Biography
Al-Masri was Egyptian (the epithet literally means 'the Egyptian') but he received combat experience, and terrorist and insurgent training in Afghanistan, Bosnia and Chechnya.
Al-Masri was thought to be a provincial al-Qaeda commander in Afghanistan, but according to The New York Times, "[al-Masri] emerged as one of Al Qaeda's senior operatives after the death of Abu Hamza Rabia, another Egyptian who was killed by a missile strike in Pakistan in 2005."
Al-Masri lived in Germany before going to Afghanistan to join the Mujahadeen. After Afghanistan, he returned to Germany to begin building a network in Europe.
In 2006, two attempts were made by coalition forces to kill him.
Death
According to U.S. government counterterrorism sources, al-Masri is believed to have died in December 2007, in Pakistan's tribal region, probably due to hepatitis. Al-Masri was between 40 and 50 years old.
References
"A look inside Al Qaeda" by Sebastian Rotella, April 2, 2008, The Los Angeles Times, retrieved April 9, 2008
Al-Qaeda leaders
Egyptian al-Qaeda members
Year of birth missing
2007 deaths
Deaths from hepatitis
Egyptian expatriates in Pakistan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th%20Ranger%20Battalion | The 4th Ranger Battalion was a Ranger unit in the United States Army during World War II. Activated on 29 May 1943 in Tunisia, it was disbanded following the Battle of Cisterna in February 1944. Its lineage was integrated into the 75th Ranger Regiment in 1986 when it was consolidated with the Regiment's active battalions.
Formation
After the success of 1st Ranger Battalion in the North Africa campaign, the Army saw the merit in small special operations units. Portions of 1st Ranger Battalion was split into 2nd, 3rd and 4th Ranger Battalions. The battalion was formed from American volunteers in North Africa.
Training
Much like their predecessor, 4th Ranger Battalion had a strict training regimen, directed by William Orlando Darby. 3rd and 4th Battalions trained alongside each other, with members of 1st Battalion acting as training cadre. Passing along the lessons taught by the British 3 Commando Brigade, the Rangers engaged in rough training, including live-fire exercises (an uncommon practice at the time). Major Roy Murray took command of the Rangers as they prepared for their first mission.
History
Combat
On 10 July 1943, 4th Battalion, along with 1st and 3rd spearheaded Seventh Army's Amphibious Battle of Gela and Licata, beginning the Allied invasion of Sicily. Arriving ahead of the 1st Infantry Division, the Rangers quickly encountered the Italian 4th "Livorno" Division and the Hermann Goering Division.
Facing an overwhelming surprise attack, the Livorno Division sur |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katia%20Sycara | Ekaterini Panagiotou Sycara () is a Greek computer scientist. She is an Edward Fredkin Research Professor of Robotics in the Robotics Institute, School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University internationally known for her research in artificial intelligence, particularly in the fields of negotiation, autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. She directs the Advanced Agent-Robotics Technology Lab at Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. She also serves as academic advisor for PhD students at both Robotics Institute and Tepper School of Business.
Education and early life
Born in Greece, she went to the United States to pursue advanced education through various scholarships, including a Fulbright (1965-1969). She received a B.S. in applied mathematics from Brown University, M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, and PhD in computer science from Georgia Institute of Technology.
Research and career
Sycara is a pioneer in the field of semantic web, case-based reasoning, autonomous agents and multi-agent systems.
She has authored or co-authored more than 700 technical papers dealing with multi-agent systems, software agents, web services, semantic web, human–computer interaction, human-robot interaction, negotiation, case-based reasoning and the application of these techniques to crisis action planning, scheduling, manufacturing, healthcare management, financial planning and e-commerce. She has led multimillion-dollar rese |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Batchelor | Roy A. Batchelor (born 23 March 1947) is Professor Emeritus in Political Economy and Statistics in Bayes Business School (formerly Cass), City, University of London.
Educated at Allan Glen's School and Glasgow University, Roy worked as a government scientist and economist; then at the UK National Institute of Economic and Social Research. He joined City University in 1977, and has since been active there in research, teaching and academic administration, this including spells as Head of Banking and Finance Department, Director of the Bayes (formerly Cass) Executive MBA programme in Dubai, and of the Executive MBA in London.
Professor Batchelor’s research has focussed on economic and financial market forecasting, and the interpretation and use of consumer and business survey data. He has published widely in these fields, often in the International Journal of Forecasting, and its sister practitioner journal, Foresight. In 2008 Professor Batchelor was elected Honorary Fellow of the International Institute of Forecasters, and he has since served as an elected Director of the IIF.
In parallel with his academic work, Professor Batchelor has been active in professional training and consultancy with business and governmental organisations around the world. He has held many visiting academic appointments, and is a Fellow and Research Professor at the ifo Institute for Economic Research in Munich.
Batchelor supervised the PhD thesis of Richard Ramyar, a former director of the Unit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ventral%20lateral%20nucleus | The ventral lateral nucleus (VL) is a nucleus in the ventral nuclear group of the thalamus.
Inputs and outputs
It receives neuronal inputs from the basal ganglia which includes the substantia nigra and the globus pallidus (via the thalamic fasciculus). It also has inputs from the cerebellum (via the dentatothalamic tract).
It sends neuronal output to the primary motor cortex and premotor cortex.
The ventral lateral nucleus in the thalamus forms the motor functional division in the thalamic nuclei along with the ventral anterior nucleus. The ventral lateral nucleus receives motor information from the cerebellum and the globus pallidus. Output from the ventral lateral nucleus then goes to the primary motor cortex.
Functions
The function of the ventral lateral nucleus is to target efferents including the motor cortex, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor cortex. Therefore, its function helps the coordination and planning of movement. It also plays a role in the learning of movement.
Clinical significance
A lesion of the VL has been associated with synesthesia.
Additional images
References
External links
Thalamus |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotone%20%28disambiguation%29 | Ecotone may refer to:
Ecotone, transition area between two adjacent ecological communities (ecosystems)
Ecotone (Six Feet Under episode), the title of Episode 509 of Six Feet Under
Ecotone, a literary magazine published by the University of North Carolina Wilmington |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20targeting | Gene targeting is a biotechnological tool used to change the DNA sequence of an organism (hence it is a form of Genome Editing). It is based on the natural DNA-repair mechanism of Homology Directed Repair (HDR), including Homologous Recombination. Gene targeting can be used to make a range of sizes of DNA edits, from larger DNA edits such as inserting entire new genes into an organism, through to much smaller changes to the existing DNA such as a single base-pair change. Gene targeting relies on the presence of a repair template to introduce the user-defined edits to the DNA. The user (usually a scientist) will design the repair template to contain the desired edit, flanked by DNA sequence corresponding (homologous) to the region of DNA that the user wants to edit; hence the edit is targeted to a particular genomic region. In this way Gene Targeting is distinct from natural homology-directed repair, during which the ‘natural’ DNA repair template of the sister chromatid is used to repair broken DNA (the sister chromatid is the second copy of the gene). The alteration of DNA sequence in an organism can be useful in both a research context – for example to understand the biological role of a gene – and in biotechnology, for example to alter the traits of an organism (e.g. to improve crop plants).
Methods
To create a gene-targeted organism, DNA must be introduced into its cells. This DNA must contain all of the parts necessary to complete the gene targeting. At a minimum this i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognio | Cognio, Inc. was an American company that developed and marketed radio frequency (RF) spectrum analysis products that find and solve channel interference problems on wireless networks and in wireless applications. Cognio’s Spectrum Expert product was designed for common frequency bands such as RFID and Wi-Fi. It was sold primarily to network engineers responsible for security for wireless networks or applications that run on wireless networks. Cognio was acquired by Cisco Systems in 2007.
History
Cognio was founded in 2000 and was originally called Aryya Communications. It first announced a "cognitive link processing" technology, and was located in Waltham, Massachusetts near Boston. In February, 2001, Gary Ambrosino became Interim CEO to work with the founding team in commercializing the product and raising additional capital. In March 2003 it announced $12.5 million of venture capital funding from North Bridge Venture Partners and ABS Ventures as round B. In January 2005, Thomas McPherson became chief executive officer. Cognio was headquartered in Germantown, Maryland (near Washington, DC), United States, and had an additional investments that included Avansis Ventures as a fourth round in April 2007, for a total of $30 million.
Products
In June 2003, Cognio announced "intelligent spectrum management" technology, sometimes called cognitive radio. Cognio shipped its Wi-Fi management software in the spring of 2005. Cognio was granted 12 patents, and submitted 172 patent |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysin | Lysins, also known as endolysins or murein hydrolases, are hydrolytic enzymes produced by bacteriophages in order to cleave the host's cell wall during the final stage of the lytic cycle. Lysins are highly evolved enzymes that are able to target one of the five bonds in peptidoglycan (murein), the main component of bacterial cell walls, which allows the release of progeny virions from the lysed cell. Cell-wall-containing Archaea are also lysed by specialized pseudomurein-cleaving lysins, while most archaeal viruses employ alternative mechanisms. Similarly, not all bacteriophages synthesize lysins: some small single-stranded DNA and RNA phages produce membrane proteins that activate the host's autolytic mechanisms such as autolysins.
Lysins were first used therapeutically in 2001 by the Fischetti lab (see below) and are now being used as antibacterial agents due to their high effectiveness and specificity in comparison with antibiotics, which are susceptible to bacterial resistance. Because lysins are essential for bacteriophage survival, resistance to lysins is an extremely rare event. Over the >20 years of lysin development as therapeutics, resistance has not been observed, even when resistance is forced by mutagenesis experiments.
Structure
Double-stranded DNA phage lysins tend to lie within the 25 to 40 kDa range in terms of size. A notable exception is the streptococcal PlyC endolysin, which is 114 kDa. PlyC is not only the biggest and most potent lysin, but also stru |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jyri%20Marttinen | Jyri Marttinen (born September 1, 1982) is a Finnish ice hockey defenceman.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1982 births
Drakkars de Caen players
Finnish ice hockey defencemen
GKS Katowice (ice hockey) players
JYP Jyväskylä players
Living people
Lukko players
Malmö Redhawks players
Lahti Pelicans players
Skellefteå AIK players
Timrå IK players
Porin Ässät (men's ice hockey) players
Calgary Flames draft picks
HC 07 Detva players
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Slovakia
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Sweden
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Poland
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in France
Finnish expatriate ice hockey players in Romania |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper%20Norwood%20Library | Upper Norwood Joint Library is a community managed library in Upper Norwood, South London. It stands on Westow Hill, in Crystal Palace town centre, within the London Borough of Lambeth, but on the edge of the boundary with the London Borough of Croydon. It is funded largely by Lambeth Council, and in part by Croydon Council, with the building itself managed by a community-run independent charity, the Upper Norwood Library Trust. It is part of the Lambeth network of libraries, and thus accepts Lambeth library membership cards.
Onsite is one of the first Library of Things, a self-service borrowing initiative active across local communities which lends objects instead of books from a conventional library. These objects include anything from garden tools to sports gear, toys to electro-domestic equipment. The Upper Norwood Library Hub, the operations arm of the Upper Norwood Library Trust, manages the building itself, and runs various classes, workshops and initiatives within the space. The library also has space available for private hire through the Hub.
References
External links
Upper Norwood Library - Lambeth Libraries website [https://www.lambeth.gov.uk/libraries-0/upper-norwood-library]
Upper Norwood Library Hub website [https://www.uppernorwoodlibraryhub.org/]
Historic Upper Norwood Joint Library website
Libraries in the London Borough of Croydon
Libraries in the London Borough of Lambeth
Public libraries in London |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homing%20endonuclease | The homing endonucleases are a collection of endonucleases encoded either as freestanding genes within introns, as fusions with host proteins, or as self-splicing inteins. They catalyze the hydrolysis of genomic DNA within the cells that synthesize them, but do so at very few, or even singular, locations. Repair of the hydrolyzed DNA by the host cell frequently results in the gene encoding the homing endonuclease having been copied into the cleavage site, hence the term 'homing' to describe the movement of these genes. Homing endonucleases can thereby transmit their genes horizontally within a host population, increasing their allele frequency at greater than Mendelian rates.
Origin and mechanism
Although the origin and function of homing endonucleases is still being researched, the most established hypothesis considers them as selfish genetic elements, similar to transposons, because they facilitate the perpetuation of the genetic elements that encode them independent of providing a functional attribute to the host organism.
Homing endonuclease recognition sequences are long enough to occur randomly only with a very low probability (approximately once every ), and are normally found in one or very few instances per genome. Generally, owing to the homing mechanism, the gene encoding the endonuclease (the HEG, "homing endonuclease gene") is located within the recognition sequence which the enzyme cuts, thus interrupting the homing endonuclease recognition sequence and limit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depolymerization | Depolymerization (or depolymerisation) is the process of converting a polymer into a monomer or a mixture of monomers. This process is driven by an increase in entropy.
Ceiling temperature
The tendency of polymers to depolymerize is indicated by their ceiling temperature. At this temperature, the enthalpy of polymerization matches the entropy gained by converting a large molecule into monomers. Above the ceiling temperature, the rate of depolymerization is greater than the rate of polymerization, which inhibits the formation of the given polymer.
Applications
Depolymerization is a very common process. Digestion of food involves depolymerization of macromolecules, such as proteins. It is relevant to polymer recycling. Sometimes the depolymerization is well behaved, and clean monomers can be reclaimed and reused for making new plastic. In other cases, such as polyethylene, depolymerization gives a mixture of products. These products are, for polyethylene, ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, 1-hexene and heptane. Out of these, only ethylene can be used for polyethylene production, so other gases must be turned into ethylene, sold, or otherwise be destroyed or be disposed of by turning them into other products.
Depolymerization is also related to production of chemicals and fuels from biomass. In this case, reagents are typically required. A simple case is the hydrolysis of celluloses to glucose by the action of water. Generally this process requires an acid catalyst:
H( |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyethyl%20starch | Hydroxyethyl starch (HES/HAES), sold under the brand name Voluven among others, is a nonionic starch derivative, used as a volume expander in intravenous therapy. The use of HES on critically ill patients is associated with an increased risk of death and kidney problems.
HES is a general term and can be sub-classified according to average molecular weight, molar substitution, concentration, C2/C6 ratio and Maximum Daily Dose. The European Medicines Agency commenced in June 2013 the process of agreeing to reduced indications which was completed in October 2013. The process of full withdrawal in the EU was expected to complete in 2018.
Medical uses
An intravenous solution of hydroxyethyl starch is used to prevent shock following severe blood loss caused by trauma, surgery, or other problem. It however appears to have greater risk of a poor outcome compared to other intravenous solutions and may increase the risk of death.
Adverse effects
HES can cause anaphylactoid reactions: hypersensitivity, mild influenza-like symptoms, slow heart rate, fast heart rate, spasms of the airways, and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. It is also linked to a decrease in hematocrit and disturbances in blood clotting. One liter of 6% solution (Hespan) reduces factor VIII level by 50% and will prolong the aPTT and will also decrease vWF. A coagulation effect of hetastarch administration is direct movement into fibrin clots and a dilutional effect on serum. Hetastarch may lead to platelet dysfunc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fate%20mapping | Fate mapping is a method used in developmental biology to study the embryonic origin of various adult tissues and structures. The "fate" of each cell or group of cells is mapped onto the embryo, showing which parts of the embryo will develop into which tissue. When carried out at single-cell resolution, this process is called cell lineage tracing. It is also used to trace the development of tumors.
History
The earliest fate maps were based on direct observation of the embryos of ascidians or other marine invertebrates. Modern fate mapping began in 1929 when Walter Vogt marked the groups of cells using a dyed agar chip and tracked them through gastrulation. In 1978, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was introduced as a marker. HRP was more effective than previous markers, but required embryos to be fixed before viewing. Genetic fate mapping is a technique developed in 1981 which uses a site-specific recombinase to track cell lineage genetically. Today, fate mapping is an important tool in many fields of biology research, such as developmental biology, stem cell research, and kidney research.
Cell lineage
Fate mapping and cell lineage are similar but distinct topics, although there is often overlap. For example, the development of the complete cell lineage of C. elegans can be described as the fate maps of each cell division stacked hierarchically. The distinction between the topics is in the type of information included. Fate mapping shows which tissues come from which part of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICOS%20%28disambiguation%29 | ICOS was an American biotechnology company.
ICOS may also refer to:
ICOS (gene), a gene which encodes the protein CD278
Integrated Carbon Observation System, a research infrastructure
Integrated cavity output spectroscopy, a type of laser absorption spectrometry
International Council of Onomastic Sciences, an academic organization
The International Council on Security and Development, an international think tank
Irish Co-operative Organisation Society, a business association
See also
ICO (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purcell%20station | Purcell (Amtrak: PUR) is an Amtrak station in Purcell, Oklahoma. The station is serviced by Amtrak's daily , which travels from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma to Fort Worth, Texas.
History
Rail service to the area was established by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (now BNSF Railway) in 1887, which aimed to create a junction between the Santa Fe and its Texas-based Gulf, Colorado and Santa Fe division. A townsite for railway employees was constructed around the junction and named after the Santa Fe's director, Edward B. Purcell.
A station house was built at the junction in 1904. At some point, that station was demolished and rebuilt. The rebuilt station was in service until 1979, when the Lone Star was discontinued, and it was demolished in the 1990s.
In 1999, the Heartland Flyer was established, which restored rail service to the city. The city constructed a brick station house for use as a waiting area, which opened on June 14, 2001. The interior contains Santa Fe memorabilia, including a bench from a former depot in Shawnee, Oklahoma.
References
External links
Purcell, OK – Heartland Flyer
Purcell, OK – TrainWeb
Amtrak stations in Oklahoma
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1999
Former Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway stations
Transportation in McClain County, Oklahoma
Buildings and structures in McClain County, Oklahoma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyword%20research | Keyword research and optimization
Keyword research and optimization are fundamental aspects of search engine optimization (SEO) and play a vital role in improving website visibility and ranking on search engine results pages. Keyword research involves identifying specific words and phrases that users enter into search engines looking for information related to a particular topic or industry. Optimizing your content for these keywords helps search engines understand the relevance of your content to users' search queries, which ultimately leads to higher rankings and increased organic traffic.
Importance of research
Keyword research
The objective of keyword research is to generate, with good precision and recall, a large number of terms that are highly relevant yet non-obvious to the given input keyword. The process of keyword research involves brainstorming and the use of keyword research tools. To achieve the best SEO results, it is important to optimize a website's content as well as backlinks for the most relevant keywords. It is good practice to search for related keywords that have low competition and still a high number of searches. This makes it easier to achieve a higher rank in search engines which usually results in higher web traffic. The downside of this practice is that the website is optimized for alternative keywords instead of the main keyword; main keywords might be very difficult to rank due to high competition. There are three essential concepts to consid |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army%20General%20Classification%20Test | The Army General Classification Test (AGCT) has a long history that runs parallel with research and means for attempting the assessment of intelligence or other abilities.
World War I and World War II created the need for this type of testing and provided a large body of test subjects. The early emphasis (World War I) was on determining the level of literacy (Alpha test) among a heterogeneous group. Illiterates were given another test (Army Beta); some enrollees were interviewed. Subsequent testing targeted aptitude in order to better fill roles, such as those provided by officers who obtained commissions from other than the United States military academies, or to meet the need for increasingly complicated skills that came along with technological progress, especially after World War II.
As with other measurement attempts, the AGCT ran into controversy during the era of the Vietnam War. Yet, the requirement did not abate, leading to improvements in the application and use of the standard testing methodology.
The modern variant of this test is the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) that was first administered in 1960.
Many high IQ societies, such as Mensa and Intertel, can map their entrance requirements to early AGCT scores. The AGCT was of interest to researchers because of the breadth of the test taker sample (1.75 million men took the original test).
The Army Alpha and Beta Intelligence Tests
The first intelligence tests were created during World War I |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azotorrhea | Azotorrhea is the excessive discharge of nitrogenous substances in the feces or urine. As in when people eat a diet high in protein they may suffer from increased amount of amino acid byproduct (nitrogen) being broken and excreted through defecation or urination.
This condition may also be present in situations of pancreatic disease, such as in chronic alcoholism or cystic fibrosis.
References
Nitrogen
Digestive diseases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme%20A%20dehydrogenase%20deficiency | 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency is a rare condition that prevents the body from converting certain fats to energy, particularly during fasting. Normally, through a process called fatty acid oxidation, several enzymes work in a step-wise fashion to metabolize fats and convert them to energy. People with 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency have inadequate levels of an enzyme required for a step that metabolizes groups of fats called medium chain fatty acids and short chain fatty acids; for this reason this disorder is sometimes called medium- and short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (M/SCHAD) deficiency.
Signs and symptoms
Typically, initial signs and symptoms of this disorder occur during infancy or early childhood and can include poor appetite, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, liver problems, and hyperinsulinism (high levels of insulin). Insulin controls the amount of sugar that moves from the blood into cells for conversion to energy. Individuals with 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency are also at risk for complications such as seizures, life-threatening heart and breathing problems, coma, and sudden unexpected death.
Problems related to 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency can be triggered by periods of fasting or by illnesses such as viral infections. This disorder is sometimes mistaken for Reye syndrome, a severe disorder that may develop in children while they appear to be r |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuttle%20vector | A shuttle vector is a vector (usually a plasmid) constructed so that it can propagate in two different host species. Therefore, DNA inserted into a shuttle vector can be tested or manipulated in two different cell types. The main advantage of these vectors is they can be manipulated in E. coli, then used in a system which is more difficult or slower to use (e.g. yeast).
Shuttle vectors include plasmids that can propagate in eukaryotes and prokaryotes (e.g. both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli) or in different species of bacteria (e.g. both E. coli and Rhodococcus erythropolis). There are also adenovirus shuttle vectors, which can propagate in E. coli and mammals.
Shuttle vectors are frequently used to quickly make multiple copies of the gene in E. coli (amplification). They can also be used for in vitro experiments and modifications (e.g. mutagenesis, PCR).
One of the most common types of shuttle vectors is the yeast shuttle vector. Almost all commonly used S. cerevisiae vectors are shuttle vectors. Yeast shuttle vectors have components that allow for replication and selection in both E. coli cells and yeast cells. The E. coli component of a yeast shuttle vector includes an origin of replication and a selectable marker, e.g. antibiotic resistance, beta lactamase, beta galactosidase. The yeast component of a yeast shuttle vector includes an autonomously replicating sequence (ARS), a yeast centromere (CEN), and a yeast selectable marker (e.g. URA3, a gen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystr%C3%B6m%20method | In mathematics numerical analysis, the Nyström method or quadrature method seeks the numerical solution of an integral equation by replacing the integral with a representative weighted sum. The continuous problem is broken into discrete intervals; quadrature or numerical integration determines the weights and locations of representative points for the integral.
The problem becomes a system of linear equations with equations and unknowns, and the underlying function is implicitly represented by an interpolation using the chosen quadrature rule. This discrete problem may be ill-conditioned, depending on the original problem and the chosen quadrature rule.
Since the linear equations require operations to solve, high-order quadrature rules perform better because low-order quadrature rules require large for a given accuracy. Gaussian quadrature is normally a good choice for smooth, non-singular problems.
Discretization of the integral
Standard quadrature methods seek to represent an integral as a weighed sum in the following manner:
where are the weights of the quadrature rule, and points are the abscissas.
Example
Applying this to the inhomogeneous Fredholm equation of the second kind
,
results in
.
See also
Boundary element method
References
Bibliography
Leonard M. Delves & Joan E. Walsh (eds): Numerical Solution of Integral Equations, Clarendon, Oxford, 1974.
Hans-Jürgen Reinhardt: Analysis of Approximation Methods for Differential and Integral Eq |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahm%20equations | In differential geometry and gauge theory, the Nahm equations are a system of ordinary differential equations introduced by Werner Nahm in the context of the Nahm transform – an alternative to Ward's twistor construction of monopoles. The Nahm equations are formally analogous to the algebraic equations in the ADHM construction of instantons, where finite order matrices are replaced by differential operators.
Deep study of the Nahm equations was carried out by Nigel Hitchin and Simon Donaldson. Conceptually, the equations arise in the process of infinite-dimensional hyperkähler reduction. They can also be viewed as a dimensional reduction of the anti-self-dual Yang-Mills equations . Among their many applications we can mention: Hitchin's construction of monopoles, where this approach is critical for establishing nonsingularity of monopole solutions; Donaldson's description of the moduli space of monopoles; and the existence of hyperkähler structure on coadjoint orbits of complex semisimple Lie groups, proved by , , and .
Equations
Let be three matrix-valued meromorphic functions of a complex variable . The Nahm equations are a system of matrix differential equations
together with certain analyticity properties, reality conditions, and boundary conditions. The three equations can be written concisely using the Levi-Civita symbol, in the form
More generally, instead of considering by matrices, one can consider Nahm's equations with values in a Lie algebra .
Additi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Haussler | David Haussler (born 1953) is an American bioinformatician known for his work leading the team that assembled the first human genome sequence in the race to complete the Human Genome Project and subsequently for comparative genome analysis that deepens understanding the molecular function and evolution of the genome.
Haussler was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2018 for developments in computational learning theory and bioinformatics, including first assembly of the human genome, its analysis, and data sharing.
He is a distinguished professor of biomolecular engineering and founding scientific director of the UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute at the University of California, Santa Cruz, director of the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) on the UC Santa Cruz campus, and a consulting professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine and the UC San Francisco Biopharmaceutical Sciences Department.
Education
Haussler studied art briefly at the Academy of Art in San Francisco in 1971 and then psychotherapy at Immaculate Heart College in Hollywood until 1973, when he transferred to Connecticut College, finishing in 1975 with a major in mathematics and minor in physics. He earned an MS in applied mathematics from California Polytechnic University in San Luis Obispo in 1979. Haussler received his PhD in computer science from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 1982.
Career and research
During summers while he was in colle |
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