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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalassiosira%20pseudonana | Thalassiosira pseudonana is a species of marine centric diatoms. It was chosen as the first eukaryotic marine phytoplankton for whole genome sequencing. T. pseudonana was selected for this study because it is a model for diatom physiology studies, belongs to a genus widely distributed throughout the world's oceans, and has a relatively small genome at 34 mega base pairs. Scientists are researching on diatom light absorption, using the marine diatom of Thalassiosira. The diatom requires a high enough concentration of CO2 in order to utilize C4 metabolism (Clement et al. 2015).
The clone of T. pseudonana that was sequenced is CCMP 1335 and is available from the National Center for Marine Algae and Microbiota at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. This clone was originally collected in 1958 from Moriches Bay (Long Island, New York) and has been maintained continuously in culture.
Morphology
Thalassiosira pseudonana has a radial symmetry. Its biosilica cell wall is divided into two halves, which are joined together by girdle bands, giving them a cylindrical shape or making them appear as a Petri dish. The diameter of their valves ranges from 2 to 9 μm. The valve is made up of silica ribs that radiate from the center with many 18 nm diameter nanopores between them. The face of the valve has 0-1 central fultoportula and a marginal ring of fultoportulae (6-12). The external openings of the central fultoportula appear as rimmed holes, whereas those of the marginal fultoportula |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-ictal%20spiking | Inter-ictal spiking refers to abnormal neuronal discharges between epileptic seizures. This abnormal activity can originate from one or more cranial lobes, often travels from one lobe to another, and interferes with normal activity from the affected lobe. Patients with severe, intractable forms of epilepsy can experience unremitting abnormal brain activity due to inter-ictal spiking.
This phenomenon has been confirmed through telemetry by electrocorticography in which electrode grids are positioned sub-durally and augmented by intra-cranial depth electrodes. The EEG tracings from these are correlated with external video recordings of physical responses to epileptic seizures to help determine type of seizure and origin of onset.
Neurophysiology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeat | Repeat may refer to:
Rerun, a rebroadcast of an episode of a radio or television program
Repeated sequence (DNA), a pattern of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) that occurs in multiple copies throughout the genome
CRISPR
The smallest rectangle that can be tiled to form the whole pattern of a wallpaper
Music
"Repeat" (song), a 2011 song by David Guetta
"Repeat", a 2021 song by Luke Hemmings from When Facing The Things We Turn Away From
Repeat sign, in sheet music, notation that a section should be repeated
Repeat Records, a British independent record label
Repeat, a 1993 EP by This Heat
Repeat – The Best of Jethro Tull – Vol II, a 1977 album
See also
Repetition (disambiguation)
Repeater (disambiguation)
Do while loop, a control statement in computer programing, sometimes called repeat until |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R135%20road%20%28Ireland%29 | The R135 road is one of Ireland's newest regional roads, being a reclassification of those sections of the former N2 which were bypassed when the N2(M2) Ashbourne By-Pass dual carriageway opened in 2006, and when the Carrickmacross, Castleblayney & Monaghan bypasses were completed.
Route
The official description of the R135 from the Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2012 reads:
R135: Dublin — Ashbourne, County Meath (Part of Old National Route 2)
Between its junction with R132 at Dorset Street Upper in the city of Dublin and its junction with M50 at Balseskin in the county of Fingal via Saint Marys Place, Western Way, Phibsborough Road (and via North Circular Road, Berkeley Road, Berkeley Street and Blessington Street), Prospect Road, Finglas Road (and via Prospect Way and Botanic Road) and North Road in the city of Dublin: and North Road in the county of Fingal
and
between its junction with N2 at Coldwinters in the county of Fingal and its junction with M2 at Rath in the county of Meath via Killshane Bridge, Broghan, Coolatrath Bridge, Ward Lower and Coolquoy Common in the county of Fingal: Newtown Commons, Baltrasna; Bridge Street and Frederick Street in the town of Ashbourne in the county of Meath.
See also
Roads in Ireland
National primary road
National secondary road
References
Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2006 – Department of Transport
Specific
Regional roads in the Republic of Ireland
Roads in County Meath
R |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysembryoplastic%20neuroepithelial%20tumour | Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNT, DNET) is a type of brain tumor. Most commonly found in the temporal lobe, DNTs have been classified as benign tumours. These are glioneuronal tumours comprising both glial and neuron cells and often have ties to focal cortical dysplasia.
Varying subclasses of DNTs have been presently identified, with dispute existing in the field on how to properly group these classes. The identification of possible genetic markers to these tumours is currently underway. With DNTs often causing epileptic seizures, surgical removal is a common treatment, providing high rates of success.
Signs and symptoms
Seizures and epilepsy are the strongest ties to dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours. The most common symptom of DNTs are complex partial seizures. Simple DNTs more frequently manifest generalized seizures. In children, DNTs are considered to be the second leading cause of epilepsy. A headache is another common symptom. Diplopia may also be a result of a DNT. Other neurological impairments besides seizures are not common.
Pathogenesis
Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours are largely glioneuronal tumours, meaning they are composed of both glial cells and neurons.
Three subunits of DNTs have been commonly identified:
Simple: Specific glioneuronal elements are the sole components of simple DNTs.
Complex: Glial nodules and/or type 3b focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), in addition to the glioneuronal elements are present in complex DNTs. B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHRT | CHRT might refer to:
Cambridge-Huntingdon Rapid Transit Scheme, a public transport project
Canadian Human Rights Tribunal
Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing, a company
CHRT-FM in Trail, British Columbia, Canada
Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) having undergone compounding |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling%20at%20the%201988%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20individual%20road%20race | These are the official results of the Women's Individual Road Race at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, held on 26 September 1988.
Final classification
See also
Men's Individual Road Race
References
External links
Official Report
Road cycling at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Cycling at the Summer Olympics – Women's road race
1980s in women's road cycling
1988 in road cycling
1988 in women's cycle racing
Cyc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spill%20metric | A spill metric is a heuristic metric used by register allocators to decide which registers to spill. Popular spill metrics are:
cost / degree - introduced in Chaitin's algorithm
cost / degree2 - emphasizes the spill's effect on neighbours
cost - emphasizes run time
minimising number of spill operations
Where cost is the estimated cost of spilling a value from registers into memory.
Digital registers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics%20Classification%20and%20Indexing%20Scheme | Optics Classification and Indexing Scheme (OCIS) is a categorization scheme used to encode the topic of an article or presentation in a 7-digit code. The system is used by the Optical Society of America in the organization of conferences and for journal publications. Authors are required to choose one or several OCIS numbers at submission.
External links
Guide for choosing of OCIS Codes
Optica (society) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%20derivative | In mathematics, the Fox derivative is an algebraic construction in the theory of free groups which bears many similarities to the conventional derivative of calculus. The Fox derivative and related concepts are often referred to as the Fox calculus, or (Fox's original term) the free differential calculus. The Fox derivative was developed in a series of five papers by mathematician Ralph Fox, published in Annals of Mathematics beginning in 1953.
Definition
If G is a free group with identity element e and generators gi, then the Fox derivative with respect to gi is a function from G into the integral group ring which is denoted , and obeys the following axioms:
, where is the Kronecker delta
for any elements u and v of G.
The first two axioms are identical to similar properties of the partial derivative of calculus, and the third is a modified version of the product rule. As a consequence of the axioms, we have the following formula for inverses
for any element u of G.
Applications
The Fox derivative has applications in group cohomology, knot theory, and covering space theory, among other areas of mathematics.
See also
Alexander polynomial
Free group
Ring (mathematics)
Integral domain
References
Geometric topology
Combinatorial group theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipinos%20in%20Japan | Filipinos in Japan (, Zainichi Firipinjin, ) formed a population of 309,943 in June 2023 individuals, making them Japan's fourth-largest foreign community, according to the statistics of the Philippines. Their population reached as high as 245,518 in 1998, but fell to 144,871 individuals in 2000 before beginning to recover slightly when Japan cracked down on human trafficking. In 2006, Japanese/Filipino marriages were the most frequent of all international marriages in Japan. As of 2016, the Filipino population in Japan was 237,103 according to the Ministry of Justice. Filipinos in Japan formed a population of 325,000 individuals at year-end 2020, making them Japan's third-largest foreign community along with Vietnamese, according to the statistics of the Philippine Global National Inquirer and the Ministry of Justice. In December 2021, the number of Filipinos in Japan was estimated at 276,615.
According to figures published by the Central Bank of the Philippines, overseas Filipino workers in Japan remitted more than US$1 billion between 1990 and 1999; one newspaper described the contributions of overseas workers as a "major source of life support for the Philippines' ailing economy." Though most Filipinos in Japan are short-term residents, the history of their community extends back further; during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, some Filipino students studied in Japanese universities.
Media
There is a magazine called Kumusta! (クムスタ). Junta Shimozawa publishe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenase%20mimic | A hydrogenase mimic or bio-mimetic is an enzyme mimic of hydrogenases.
Bio-mimetic compounds inspired in hydrogenases
One of the more interesting applications of hydrogenases is to produce hydrogen, due its capacity to catalyze its redox reaction:
In the field of hydrogen production, the incorporation of chemical compounds in electrochemical devices to produce molecular hydrogen has been a topic of huge interest in the recent years due to the possibility of using hydrogen as a replacement of the fossil fuels as an energetic carrier. This approach of using materials inspired by natural models to do the same function as their natural counterparts is called bio-mimetic approach. Nowadays this approach has received a big impulse due to the availability of high-resolution crystal structures of several hydrogenases obtained with different techniques. The technical details of these hydrogenases are stored in electronic databases at disposition to who may be interested.
This information has allowed to determine the important parts of the enzyme necessary to catalyze the reaction and determine the pathway of the reaction in a very detailed way. Which allow to have a very good comprehension of what is necessary to catalyze the same reaction using artificial components.
Examples of bio-mimetic compounds inspired in hydrogenase
Several studies have demonstrated the possibility to develop chemical cells inspired by biological models to produce molecular hydrogen, for example: Selv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsy%20Woman | Gypsy Woman may refer to:
A Romani female
Films
Gypsy Woman (film), a 2001 film by Steven Knight
Music
"Gypsy Woman" (Crystal Waters song), from the album Surprise (1991)
"Gypsy Woman" (The Impressions song), a 1961 #2 R&B song written by Curtis Mayfield and performed by The Impressions; a 1970 Brian Hyland cover was a #3 pop hit
"Gypsy Woman", a song by Hilary Duff from the album Dignity (2007)
"Gypsy Woman", a song by Rick Nelson
"Gypsy Woman", a song by Eleni Foureira |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metolachlor | Metolachlor is an organic compound that is widely used as an herbicide. It is a derivative of aniline and is a member of the chloroacetanilide family of herbicides. It is highly effective toward grasses.
Agricultural use
Metolachlor was developed by Ciba-Geigy. Its acts by inhibition of elongases and of the geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) cyclases, which are part of the gibberellin pathway. It is used for grass and broadleaf weed control in corn, soybean, peanuts, sorghum, and cotton. It is also used in combination with other herbicides.
Metolachlor is a popular herbicide in the United States. As originally formulated metolachlor was applied as a racemate, a 1:1 mixture of the (S)- and (R)-stereoisomers. The (R)-enantiomer is less active, and modern production methods afford a higher concentration of S-metolachlor, thus current application rates are far lower than original formulations.
Production and basic structure
Metolachlor is produced from 2-ethyl-6-methylaniline (MEA) via condensation with methoxyacetone. The resulting imine is hydrogenated to give primarily the S-stereoisomeric amine. This secondary amine is acetylated with chloroacetylchloride. Because of the steric effects of the 2,6-disubstituted aniline, rotation about the aryl-C to N bond is restricted. Thus, both the (R)- and the (S)-enantiomers exist as atropisomers. Both atropisomers of (S)-metolachlor exhibit the same biological activity.
Safety and ecological effects
Metolachlor has been d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adreno | Adreno is a series of graphics processing unit (GPU) semiconductor intellectual property cores developed by Qualcomm and used in many of their SoCs.
History
Adreno is an integrated graphics processing unit (GPU) within Qualcomm's Snapdragon applications processors, that was jointly developed by ATI Technologies in conjunction with Qualcomm's preexisting "QShader" GPU architecture, and coalesced into a single family of GPUs that rebranded as Adreno in 2008, just prior to AMD's mobile division being sold to Qualcomm in January of 2009 for $65M. Apocryphal claims that Adreno was intentionally named by Qualcomm as anagram of ATI's Radeon family of desktop PC GPUs are false. Early Adreno models included the Adreno 100 and 110, which had 2D graphics acceleration and limited multimedia capabilities. Prior to 2008, 3D graphics on mobile platforms were commonly handled using software-based rendering engines, which limited their performance and consumed too much power to be used for anything other than rudimentary mobile graphics applications. With growing demand for more advanced multimedia and 3D graphics capabilities, Qualcomm licensed the Imageon IP from AMD, in order to add hardware-accelerated 3D capabilities to their mobile products. Further collaboration with AMD resulted in the development of the Adreno 200, originally named the AMD Z430, based on a mobile Imageon variant of the R400 architecture used in the Xenos GPU of the Xbox 360 video game console and released in 2008, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damastes%20%28spider%29 | Damastes is a genus of East African huntsman spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1880. It is classified under the family Sparassidae, though its subfamilial classification remains unclear. The subspecies Damastes coquereli affinis is a nomen dubium.
Species
it contains sixteen species, found on the Seychelles, in Mozambique, and on Madagascar:
Damastes atrignathus Strand, 1908 – Madagascar
Damastes coquereli Simon, 1880 – Madagascar
Damastes decoratus (Simon, 1897) – Madagascar
Damastes fasciolatus (Simon, 1903) – Madagascar
Damastes flavomaculatus Simon, 1880 – Madagascar
Damastes grandidieri Simon, 1880 (type) – Madagascar
Damastes majungensis Strand, 1907 – Madagascar
Damastes malagassus (Fage, 1926) – Madagascar
Damastes malagasus (Karsch, 1881) – Madagascar
Damastes masculinus Strand, 1908 – Madagascar
Damastes nigrichelis (Strand, 1907) – Mozambique
Damastes nossibeensis Strand, 1907 – Madagascar
Damastes oswaldi Lenz, 1891 – Madagascar
Damastes pallidus (Schenkel, 1937) – Madagascar
Damastes sikoranus Strand, 1906 – Madagascar
Damastes validus (Blackwall, 1877) – Seychelles
Trapping prey
An unspecified Damastes species has been observed in the Sava Region of northeast Madagascar predating on vertebrates (frogs, Heterixalus andrakata). The same spider - and others of the same species - also build structures of leaves and silk and hide in the back of them. It is speculated that these are traps for catching these frogs.
See also
List of Sparassi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verna%20Allee | Verna Allee (born 1949 in Kansas, United States) is an American business consultant and writer on topics including value networks, knowledge management, organizational intelligence, intellectual capital and the value conversion of intangibles.
Allee holds a B.A. in Social Science, and an M.A. in Human Consciousness, specializing in Organizational Leadership.
Verna Allee has authored or co-authored three books on value networks and organizational knowledge. Her book The Knowledge Evolution: Expanding Organizational Intelligence offers a road map for understanding knowledge creation, learning, and performance in everyday work. The book The Future of Knowledge: Increasing Prosperity through Value Networks is about how the networked organization can be understood at a practical everyday level.
Allee is CEO of Value Networks LLC. She lives in Martinez, California, USA.
Books
1997: The Knowledge Evolution: Expanding Organizational Intelligence. Butterworth-Heinemann Business Books. , .
2002: The Future of Knowledge: Increasing Prosperity Through Value Networks. Butterworth-Heinemann Business Books. , .
2003/4: What is True Wealth & How Do We Create It? Verna Allee and Dinesh Chandra, eds. New Delhi: Indigo Press. .
References
External links
Verna Allee website.
Inside Knowledge Magazine.
World Business Academy website.
Living people
Writers from California
Writers from Kansas
1949 births
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American businesswomen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboxyfluorescein%20diacetate%20succinimidyl%20ester | Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE) is an amine-reactive, cell-permeable dye generally used in animal cell proliferation research. CFDA-SE is a modified CFSE with two hydroxyl groups on its fluorescein moiety replaced with acetates. This change renders the molecule more hydrophobic and cell-permeable at the expense of its fluorescence property. After entering cells by diffusion, CFDA-SE is cleaved by intracellular esterase enzymes to form CFSE. As its reactive succinimidyl ester group is unmodified, CFDA-SE also covalently binds to lysine residues and other amine sources like CFSE.
If a stained cell divides, the dye is divided equally between the two daughter cells, resulting in both new cells having a CFDA-SE concentration approximately 50% that of the mother cell. A cell stained with CFDA-SE can be kept in culture for several days and fluorescence is detectable in cells following up to 8 successive cell divisions. Fluorescence is typically detected using a flow cytometer on the FL1 detector, with each resulting fluorescent peak representing another round of cell division. The area of each peak is representative of the number of cells in a given division cycle. The staining works best with relatively homogeneous cell populations.
High concentrations of the dye are toxic to animal cells; however, concentrations in the region of 10 micromolar are typically sufficient to give strong staining with minimal cell death. Most cell types will excrete a proport |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCIS | OCIS may refer to:
Optics Classification and Indexing Scheme
Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies
Ocean City Intermediate School (of Ocean City School District) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunset%20Lake%20%28Lakes%20Region%2C%20New%20Hampshire%29 | Sunset Lake is a water body located in Belknap County in the Lakes Region of New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Gilmanton and Alton. Water from Sunset Lake flows south to Crystal Lake, the head of the Suncook River, which flows to the Merrimack River and ultimately the Gulf of Maine.
The lake is classified as a warmwater fishery, with observed species including smallmouth and largemouth bass, rainbow smelt, chain pickerel, brown bullhead, sunfish, and yellow perch.
See also
List of lakes in New Hampshire
References
Lakes of Belknap County, New Hampshire |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clascal | Clascal is an object-oriented programming language (and associated discontinued compiler) developed in 1983 by the Personal Office Systems (POS) division (later renamed The Lisa Division, then later The 32-Bit Systems Division) of Apple Computer. Clascal was used to program applications for the Lisa Office System, the operating environment of the Lisa.
Developed as an extension of Lisa Pascal, which in turn harked back to the UCSD Pascal model originally implemented on the Apple II, the language was strongly influenced by the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) release of Smalltalk-80, v1 (which had been formerly ported to the Lisa), and by Modula. According to Larry Tesler, Clascal was developed as a replacement for Apple's version of Smalltalk, which was "too slow" and because the experience offered by the Smalltalk syntax was too unfamiliar for most people.
Clascal was the basis for Object Pascal on the Apple Macintosh in 1985. With the demise of the Lisa in 1986, Pascal and Object Pascal continued to be used in the Macintosh Programmer's Workshop for systems and application development for several more years, until it was finally supplanted by the languages C and C++. The MacApp application framework was based on Toolkit originally written in Clascal.
Object Pascal, in turn, served as the basis for Borland's Delphi.
References
Programming languages
Pascal programming language family
Class-based programming languages
Object-oriented programming languages
High |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora%20inhibitor | Aurora kinase inhibitors are a putative drug class for treating cancer. The Aurora kinase enzymes could be potential targets for novel small-molecule enzyme inhibitors.
Aurora kinases regulate cell cycle transit from G2 through cytokinesis, and thus are targets in cancer therapy. There are three mammalian aurora kinase genes, encoding aurora A, B and C. Intense investigation has focused on aurora A and B as they appear to play a role in oncogenesis with aurora A identified as a low penetrance tumor susceptibility gene in mice and humans.
Drug development
A new approach to inhibiting cancer growth that shows great promise for structure-based drug development is targeting enzymes central to cellular mitosis. Aurora kinases, so named because the scattered mitotic spindles generated by mutant forms resemble the Aurora Borealis, have gained a great deal of attention as possible anticancer drug targets. The Aurora enzymes are particularly significant because they are involved in a direct path to the nucleosome by phosphorylating histone H3. Furthermore, Aurora kinases are known to be oncogenic and overexpressed in various forms of cancerous growth, including leukemia, colon cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer tumors.
So far three Aurora-kinase inhibitors have been described: ZM447439, hesperadin and VX-680. The last is in advanced stages (Phase II clinical trial) of a joint drug development by Vertex Pharmaceuticals's VX-680 (Sausville, 234, last posted on 12/18/06) and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrile%20hydratase | Nitrile hydratases (NHases; ) are mononuclear iron or non-corrinoid cobalt enzymes that catalyse the hydration of diverse nitriles to their corresponding amides
R-C≡N + H2O → R-C(O)NH2
Metal cofactor
In biochemistry, cobalt is in general found in a corrin ring, such as in vitamin B12. Nitrile hydratase is one of the rare enzyme types that use cobalt in a non-corrinoid manner. The mechanism by which the cobalt is transported to NHase without causing toxicity is unclear, although a cobalt permease has been identified, which transports cobalt across the cell membrane.
The identity of the metal in the active site of a nitrile hydratase can be predicted by analysis of the sequence data of the alpha subunit in the region where the metal is bound. The presence of the amino acid sequence VCTLC indicates a Co-centred NHase and the presence of VCSLC indicates Fe-centred NHase.
Metabolic pathway
Nitrile hydratase and amidase are two hydrating and hydrolytic enzymes responsible for the sequential metabolism of nitriles in bacteria that are capable of utilising nitriles as their sole source of nitrogen and carbon, and in concert act as an alternative to nitrilase activity, which performs nitrile hydrolysis without formation of an intermediate primary amide. A sequence in genome of the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis was suggested to encode for a nitrile hydratase. The M. brevicollis gene consisted of both the alpha and beta subunits fused into a single gene. Similar nitrile hydr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency%20addition%20source%20of%20optical%20radiation | FASOR is an acronym for frequency addition source of optical radiation. The name is used for a certain type of guide star laser deployed at US Air Force Research Laboratory facilities SOR and AMOS. The laser light is produced in a sum-frequency generation process from two solid-state laser sources that operate at different wavelengths. The frequencies of the sources add directly to a summed frequency. Thus, if the source wavelengths are and , the resulting wavelength is
Application
The FASOR was initially used for many laser guide star experiments. These have ranged from mapping the photon return verse wavelength, power, and pointing location in the sky. Two FASORS were used to show the advantages of 'back pumping' or pumping at both D2a and D2b lines. Later a FASOR was used to measure the Earth's magnetic field. It has also been used for its intended application of generating a laser guidestar for adaptive optics, see first reference. It is tuned to the D2a hyperfine component of the sodium D line and used to excite sodium atoms in the mesospheric upper atmosphere. The FASOR consists of two single-frequency injection-locked Nd:YAG lasers close to 1064 and 1319 nm that are both resonant in a cavity containing a lithium triborate (LBO) crystal, which sums the frequencies yielding 589.159 nm light.
References
Laser science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harting%20Old%20Club | The Harting Old Club is a British friendly society, originating in the village of South Harting, West Sussex, and dating back to at least 1800, but in probability at least another 75 years before that. Every Whit Monday the members parade outside St Gabriel's church at 11 o'clock where the secretary calls the roll. The club members then march up and down the high street to the accompaniment of a brass band. In their hand they carry a hazel wand, and on their lapel they wear a red, blue and white rosette. Following a short service the (all male) members retire to enjoy a feast.
References
Footnotes
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Festivities Web-Site
Clubs and societies in West Sussex
Friendly societies of the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%E2%80%93action%E2%80%93reward%E2%80%93state%E2%80%93action | State–action–reward–state–action (SARSA) is an algorithm for learning a Markov decision process policy, used in the reinforcement learning area of machine learning. It was proposed by Rummery and Niranjan in a technical note with the name "Modified Connectionist Q-Learning" (MCQ-L). The alternative name SARSA, proposed by Rich Sutton, was only mentioned as a footnote.
This name reflects the fact that the main function for updating the Q-value depends on the current state of the agent "S1", the action the agent chooses "A1", the reward "R" the agent gets for choosing this action, the state "S2" that the agent enters after taking that action, and finally the next action "A2" the agent chooses in its new state. The acronym for the quintuple (st, at, rt, st+1, at+1) is SARSA. Some authors use a slightly different convention and write the quintuple (st, at, rt+1, st+1, at+1), depending on which time step the reward is formally assigned. The rest of the article uses the former convention.
Algorithm
A SARSA agent interacts with the environment and updates the policy based on actions taken, hence this is known as an on-policy learning algorithm. The Q value for a state-action is updated by an error, adjusted by the learning rate alpha. Q values represent the possible reward received in the next time step for taking action a in state s, plus the discounted future reward received from the next state-action observation.
Watkin's Q-learning updates an estimate of the optimal state-a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compile-time%20function%20execution | In computing, compile-time function execution (or compile time function evaluation, or general constant expressions) is the ability of a compiler, that would normally compile a function to machine code and execute it at run time, to execute the function at compile time. This is possible if the arguments to the function are known at compile time, and the function does not make any reference to or attempt to modify any global state (i.e. it is a pure function).
If the value of only some of the arguments are known, the compiler may still be able to perform some level of compile-time function execution (partial evaluation), possibly producing more optimized code than if no arguments were known.
Examples
Lisp
The Lisp macro system is an early example of the use of compile-time evaluation of user-defined functions in the same language.
C++
The Metacode extension to C++ (Vandevoorde 2003) was an early experimental system to allow compile-time function evaluation (CTFE) and code injection as an improved syntax for C++ template metaprogramming.
In earlier versions of C++, template metaprogramming is often used to compute values at compile time, such as:
template <int N>
struct Factorial {
enum { value = N * Factorial<N - 1>::value };
};
template <>
struct Factorial<0> {
enum { value = 1 };
};
// Factorial<4>::value == 24
// Factorial<0>::value == 1
void Foo() {
int x = Factorial<0>::value; // == 1
int y = Factorial<4>::value; // == 24
}
Using compile-time function e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium/iodide%20cotransporter | The sodium/iodide cotransporter, also known as the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC5A5 gene. It is a transmembrane glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 87 kDa and 13 transmembrane domains, which transports two sodium cations (Na+) for each iodide anion (I−) into the cell. NIS mediated uptake of iodide into follicular cells of the thyroid gland is the first step in the synthesis of thyroid hormone.
Iodine uptake
Iodine uptake mediated by thyroid follicular cells from the blood plasma is the first step for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. This ingested iodine is bound to serum proteins, especially to albumins. The rest of the iodine which remains unlinked and free in bloodstream, is removed from the body through urine (the kidney is essential in the removal of iodine from extracellular space).
Iodine uptake is a result of an active transport mechanism mediated by the NIS protein, which is found in the basolateral membrane of thyroid follicular cells. As a result of this active transport, iodide concentration inside follicular cells of thyroid tissue is 20 to 50 times higher than in the plasma. The transport of iodide across the cell membrane is driven by the electrochemical gradient of sodium (the intracellular concentration of sodium is approximately 12 mM and extracellular concentration 140 mM). Once inside the follicular cells, the iodide diffuses to the apical membrane, where it is metabolically oxidized through the ac |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reda%20Shehata | Reda Shehata (born January 24, 1981 in Egypt) is an Egyptian football midfielder. He is currently the head coach of Ghazl El-Mahalla.
Managerial statistics
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Egyptian men's footballers
Egypt men's international footballers
Al Ahly SC players
Men's association football midfielders
Al Ittihad Alexandria Club players
Egyptian Premier League players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurbanite | Jurbanite is a sulfate mineral with the chemical formula AlSO4(OH)·5H2O. Its molecular weight is 230.13 g/mol. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and is dimorphous with the orthorhombic mineral rostite.
Jurbanite occurs as a secondary (post-mine) mineral in mines containing sulfide minerals.
Jurbanite was first described for an occurrence in the San Manuel mine of Pinal County, Arizona and first described in 1976s. It was named for Joseph John Urban, the mineral collector who discovered it.
References
Aluminium minerals
Sulfate minerals
Monoclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 14
Minerals described in 1976 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20class | Ice class refers to a notation assigned by a classification society or a national authority to denote the additional level of strengthening as well as other arrangements that enable a ship to navigate through sea ice. Some ice classes also have requirements for the ice-going performance of the vessel.
Significance of ice class
Not all ships are built to an ice class. Building a ship to an ice class means that the hull must be thicker, and more scantlings must be in place. Sea chests may need to be arranged differently depending on the class. Sea bays may also be required to ensure that the sea chest does not become blocked with ice. Most of the stronger classes require several forms of rudder and propeller protection. Two rudder pintles are usually required, and strengthened propeller tips are often required in the stronger ice classes. More watertight bulkheads, in addition to those required by a ship's normal class, are usually required. In addition, heating arrangements for fuel tanks, ballast tanks, and other tanks vital to the ship's operation may also be required depending on the class.
Different ice classes
IACS Polar Class
Ships can be assigned one of seven Polar Classes (PC) ranging from PC 1 for year-round operation in all polar waters to PC 7 for summer and autumn operation in thin first-year ice based on the Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships developed by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). The IACS Polar Class rules |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellobiohydrolase | Cellobiohydrolase may refer to:
Cellulase, an enzyme
Cellulose 1,4-beta-cellobiosidase, an enzyme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946%20Ren%C3%A9%20le%20B%C3%A8gue%20Cup | The 1946 René le Bègue Cup was a Grand Prix motor race held in Paris on 6 June 1946.
Classification
Rene le Begue Cup
Rene le Begue Cup
Grand Prix race reports |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946%20Nations%20Grand%20Prix | The 1946 Nations Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held in Geneva on 21 July 1946.
Classification
Final
Heat 1
Drivers in bold advanced to the final
Pole position : Jean-Pierre Wimille, 1:37.5
Fastest lap : Jean-Pierre Wimille, 1:47.2
Heat 2
Drivers in bold advanced to the final
Pole position : Giuseppe Farina, 1:38.3
Fastest lap : Giuseppe Farina, 1:42.3
Nations Grand Prix
Nations Grand Prix
Grand Prix race reports |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SgurrEnergy | SgurrEnergy Private Limited is an Indian multinational company that provides expert engineering design, performance optimization, quality assurance and independent engineer services for new and operating Renewable energy Plants.
SgurrEnergy's headquarters and Renewable Energy Centre of Excellence are in Pune, India, with offices in India (Pune and Anand), China and KSA. SgurrEnergy has worked on projects in 40+ countries across four continents with notable projects in India, South Asia, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Egypt, the Middle-East, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda, Burkina Faso in Africa, Bangladesh, Romania in Eastern Europe and the United States.
SgurrEnergy mainly works with engineering, procurement and construction companies (EPCs), developers and lenders focused on building and operating renewable energy plants and state, national and local governments.
SgurrEnergy's has contributed to 81+GW in renewable energy capacity.
History
SgurrEnergy, named after the Scottish Gaelic word for the rocky peaks of Scotland, was founded in 2002 in Glasgow, UK by a team of young engineers and the name continues to symbolize the company's Scottish heritage. SgurrEnergy was focused on wind energy in its early days before expanding to solar energy project and later battery and green hydrogen projects.
The founding team was led by Mr. Ian Irvine and Mr. Steve Macdonald, who had previously worked for Scottish Power and executed a number of wind energy projects |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian%20folk%20music | Serbian folk music ( / srpska narodna muzika) refers to, in the narrow sense, the "older" style of Serbian folk music, predating the "newer" ( / novokomponovana, "newly composed") style which emerged in the 1970s and 1980s as a result of urbanisation. The characteristic musical instruments included the accordion and violin, while traditional instruments such as tamburica, frula, were also used.
Notable performers
Male
Cune Gojković (1932–2017)
Predrag Živković Tozovac (1936–2021)
Miroslav Ilić (born 1950)
Staniša Stošić (1945–2008)
Sinan Sakić (1956–2018)
Šaban Šaulić (1951–2019)
Šeki Turković (born 1953)
Marinko Rokvić (1954–2021)
Female
Lepa Lukić (born 1940)
Snežana Đurišić (born 1959)
Merima Njegomir (1953–2021)
Vasilija Radojčić (1936–2011)
Brankica Vasić (Бранкица Васић), stage name Vasilisa
Lepa Brena (born 1960)
Zorica Brunclik (born 1955)
Notable songs
List of Serbian folk songs
Notable concerts
Tri majstora, December 1996, Radio Television of Serbia, (imdb)
See also
Starogradska muzika
Serbian folklore
Serbian dances
Serbian culture
References
External links
Folk music by country |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Rossini | Frederick Dominic Rossini (July 18, 1899 – October 12, 1990) was an American thermodynamicist noted for his work in chemical thermodynamics.
In 1920, at the age of twenty-one, Rossini entered Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, and soon was awarded a full-time teaching scholarship. He graduated with a B.S. in chemical engineering in 1925, followed by an M.S. degree in science in physical chemistry in 1926.
As a result of reading Lewis and Randall's classical 1923 textbook Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances he wrote to Gilbert N. Lewis and as a result he was offered a teaching fellowship at the University of California at Berkeley. Among his teachers were Gilbert Lewis and William Giauque. Rossini's doctoral dissertation on the heat capacities of strong electrolytes in aqueous solution was supervised by Merle Randall. His Ph.D. degree was awarded in 1928, after only 21 months of graduate work, even though he continued to serve as a teaching fellow throughout this entire period. He worked at the National Bureau of Standards (Washington, DC) from 1928 to 1950.
In 1932, Frederick Rossini, Edward W. Washburn, and Mikkel Frandsen authored "The Calorimetric Determination of the Intrinsic Energy of Gases as a Function of the Pressure." This experiment resulted in the development of the Washburn Correction for bomb calorimetry, a decrease or correction of the results of a calorimetric procedure to normal states.
In 1950, he published his popular textbo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoethylpiperazine | Aminoethylpiperazine (AEP) is a derivative of piperazine. This ethyleneamine contains three nitrogen atoms; one primary, one secondary and one tertiary. It is a corrosive organic liquid and can cause second or third degree burns. Aminoethylpiperazine can also cause pulmonary edema as a result of inhalation. It is REACH and TSCA registered.
Production
Ethylene dichloride is reacted with ammonia as a main method of production. This process produces various ethylene amines which can then be purified by distillation. These include ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine, other higher homologues and aminoethyl piperazine.
AEP is also manufactured by reacting ethylenediamine or ethanolamine/ammonia mixtures over a catalyst.
Epoxy resin curing agent
A key use of AEP is as an epoxy curing agent. When used as an epoxy resin curing agent, it is usually used in conjunction with other amines as an accelerator as it only has 3 amine hydrogens for cross-linking. The tertiary amine on the molecule acts as an accelerator and the other three amine hydrogens allow sites for crosslinking the epoxy. This then allows coating systems to be formulated that prevent corrosion of steel and other substrates. Novolac resins may also be cured by this material and blends.
Other uses
Uses include inhibition of corrosion, surface activation, and as an asphalt additive. As AEP is alkaline and carbon dioxide is weakly acidic, it has been researched as a carbon di |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protomer | In structural biology, a protomer is the structural unit of an oligomeric protein. It is the smallest unit composed of at least two different protein chains that form a larger hetero-oligomer by association of two or more copies of this unit.
The term was introduced by Chetverin to make nomenclature in the Na/K-ATPase enzyme unambiguous. This enzyme is composed of two subunits: a large, catalytic α subunit, and a smaller glycoprotein β subunit (plus a proteolipid, called γ-subunit). At the time it was unclear how many of each work together. In addition, when people spoke of a dimer, it was unclear whether they were referring to αβ or to (αβ)2. Chetverin suggested to call αβ a protomer and (αβ)2 a diprotomer.
Protomers usually arrange in cyclic symmetry to form closed point group symmetries.
In chemistry, a so-called protomer is a molecule which displays tautomerism due to position of a proton.
Examples
Hemoglobin is a heterotetramer consisting of four subunits (two α and two β). However, structurally and functionally hemoglobin is described better as (αβ)2, so we call it a dimer of two αβ-protomers, that is, a diprotomer.
Aspartate carbamoyltransferase has a α6β6 subunit composition. The six αβ-protomers are arranged in D3 symmetry.
Viral capsid are often composed of protomers.
Examples in chemistry include tyrosine and 4-aminobenzoic acid. The former may be deprotonated to form the carboxylate and phenoxide anions, and the later may be protonated at the amino or carbo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20inequality | Information inequality may mean
in statistics, the Cramér–Rao bound, an inequality for the variance of an estimator based on the information in a sample
in information theory, inequalities in information theory describes various inequalities specific to that context.
in sociology, Information Inequality and Social Barriers
also in sociology, information inequity |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitarity%20%28physics%29 | In quantum physics, unitarity is (or a unitary process has) the condition that the time evolution of a quantum state according to the Schrödinger equation is mathematically represented by a unitary operator. This is typically taken as an axiom or basic postulate of quantum mechanics, while generalizations of or departures from unitarity are part of speculations about theories that may go beyond quantum mechanics. A unitarity bound is any inequality that follows from the unitarity of the evolution operator, i.e. from the statement that time evolution preserves inner products in Hilbert space.
Hamiltonian evolution
Time evolution described by a time-independent Hamiltonian is represented by a one-parameter family of unitary operators, for which the Hamiltonian is a generator: .
In the Schrödinger picture, the unitary operators are taken to act upon the system's quantum state, whereas in the Heisenberg picture, the time dependence is incorporated into the observables instead.
Implications of unitarity on measurement results
In quantum mechanics, every state is described as a vector in Hilbert space. When a measurement is performed, it is convenient to describe this space using a vector basis in which every basis vector has a defined result of the measurement – e.g., a vector basis of defined momentum in case momentum is measured. The measurement operator is diagonal in this basis.
The probability to get a particular measured result depends on the probability amplitude, give |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus%20of%20enterocyte%20effacement | The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) is a moderately conserved pathogenicity island consisting of 35,000 base pairs in the bacteria Escherichia coli genome. The LEE encodes the Type III secretion system and associated chaperones and effector proteins responsible for attaching and effacing (AE) lesions in the large intestine. These proteins include intimin, Tir, EspC, EspF, EspH, and Map protein. The LEE has a 38% G+C ratio.
See also
Locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded regulator
Cell biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass%20trap | Bass traps are acoustic energy absorbers which are designed to damp low frequency sound energy with the goal of attaining a flatter low frequency (LF) room response by reducing LF resonances in rooms. They are commonly used in recording studios, mastering rooms, home theatres and other rooms built to provide a critical listening environment. Like all acoustically absorptive devices, they function by turning sound energy into heat through friction.
General description—types
There are generally two types of bass traps: resonant absorbers and porous absorbers. Resonant absorbers are further divided into panel absorbers and Helmholtz resonators.
Both types are effective, but whereas a resonant absorber needs to be mechanically tuned to resonate in sympathy with the frequencies being absorbed, a porous absorber does not resonate and need not be tuned.
Porous absorbers tend to be smaller in size and are easier to design and build, as well as less expensive overall than resonant absorbers. However, the deep bass attenuation of a porous absorber is generally inferior, so its usefulness for attenuating lower frequency room resonances is more limited.
Resonating absorbers tend to absorb a narrower spectrum and porous absorbers tend to absorb a broader spectrum. The spectrum of both types can be either narrowed or broadened by design but the generalized difference in bandwidth and tunability dominates their respective performance.
Examples of resonating type bass traps include a r |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber%20derivative | In the context of Lagrangian mechanics, the fiber derivative is used to convert between the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian forms. In particular, if is the configuration manifold then the Lagrangian is defined on the tangent bundle , and the Hamiltonian is defined on the cotangent bundle —the fiber derivative is a map such that
,
where and are vectors from the same tangent space. When restricted to a particular point, the fiber derivative is a Legendre transformation.
References
Marsden, Jerrold E.; Ratiu, Tudor (1998). Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry: A Basic Exposition of Classical Mechanical Systems
Lagrangian mechanics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMF | In cryptography, CDMF (Commercial Data Masking Facility) is an algorithm developed at IBM in 1992 to reduce the security strength of the 56-bit DES cipher to that of 40-bit encryption, at the time a requirement of U.S. restrictions on export of cryptography. Rather than a separate cipher from DES, CDMF constitutes a key generation algorithm, called key shortening. It is one of the cryptographic algorithms supported by S-HTTP.
Algorithm
Like DES, CDMF accepts a 64-bit input key, but not all bits are used.
The algorithm consists of the following steps:
Clear bits 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64 (ignoring these bits as DES does).
XOR the result with its encryption under DES using the key 0xC408B0540BA1E0AE.
Clear bits 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 56, 64.
Encrypt the result under DES using the key 0xEF2C041CE6382FE6.
The resulting 64-bit data is to be used as a DES key. Due to step 3, a brute force attack needs to test only 240 possible keys.
References
, IBM's patent on CDMF
ISO/IEC9979-0005 Register Entry (PDF), registered October 29, 1994
, defines S-HTTP
Cryptographic algorithms
Data Encryption Standard
Key management
Block ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankruptcy%20costs%20of%20debt | Within the theory of corporate finance, bankruptcy costs of debt are the increased costs of financing with debt instead of equity that result from a higher probability of bankruptcy. The fact that bankruptcy is generally a costly process in itself and not only a transfer of ownership implies that these costs negatively affect the total value of the firm. These costs can be thought of as a financial cost, in the sense that the cost of financing increases because the probability of bankruptcy increases. One way to understand this is to realize that when a firm goes bankrupt investors holding its debt are likely to lose part or all of their investment, and therefore investors require a higher rate of return when investing in bonds of a firm that can easily go bankrupt. This implies that an increase in debt which ends up increasing a firm's bankruptcy probability causes an increase in these bankruptcy costs of debt.
In the trade-off theory of capital structure, firms are supposedly choosing their level of debt financing by trading off these bankruptcy costs of debt against tax benefits of debt. In particular, a firm that is trying to maximize the value for its shareholders will equalize the marginal cost of debt that results from these bankruptcy costs with the marginal benefit of debt that results from tax benefits.
In the personal bankruptcy there is a cost associated with filling the paperwork. For Chapter 13 Bankruptcy there is a fee of $281 and for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy it |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20tracer | A flow tracer is any fluid property used to track the flow velocity (i.e., flow magnitude and direction) and circulation patterns. Tracers can be chemical properties, such as radioactive material, or chemical compounds, physical properties, such as density, temperature, salinity, or dyes, and can be natural or artificially induced. Flow tracers are used in many fields, such as physics, hydrology, limnology, oceanography, environmental studies and atmospheric studies.
Conservative tracers remain constant following fluid parcels, whereas reactive tracers (such as compounds undergoing a mutual chemical reaction) grow or decay with time. Active tracers dynamically alter the flow of the fluid by changing fluid properties which appear in the equation of motion such as density or viscosity, while passive tracers have no influence on flow.
Uses in oceanography
Ocean tracers are used to deduce small scale flow patterns, large-scale ocean circulation, water mass formation and changes, "dating" of water masses, and carbon dioxide storage and uptake.
Temperature, salinity, density, and other conservative tracers are often used to track currents, circulation and water mass mixing. An interesting example was when 28,000 plastic ducks fell over board from a container ship in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. The following twelve years oceanographers recorded where the ducks washed ashore, some thousands of miles from the spill site, and this data was used to calibrate and verify the cir |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Grape%20Genome%20Program | The International Grape Genomics Program (IGGP) is a collaborative genome project dedicated to determining the genome sequence of the grapevine Vitis vinifera. It is a multinational project involving research centers in Australia, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Italy, South Africa, Spain, and the United States.
The project was established on the premise that whereas the Vitis family provides the world's most economically important fruit, its biology is still poorly understood. Many centuries of viticulture have provided many well-informed wine-producing centres throughout the world, yet exactly how a grapevine plant responds and interacts with the physical environment and deals with abiotic stresses, pests and diseases is currently unknown.
Agricultural technology surrounding Vitis has been traditionally based upon specific genotypes, which in the main have relied on "vegetative multiplication" and control of growing conditions to improve quality and yield. While advances in quality have certainly been achieved, it has involved increased costs and is in danger of incurring unsustainable environmental overheads. The argument is that the relatively unknown biology of Vitis is capable of delivering desired viticultural improvements without the associated ongoing costs, and establishing its genome sequence will examine the role individual genes play in viticulture, improving grape characteristics and quality in a predictable way.
Initial discoveries
As of March 2007, the pr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimethylarsine | Trimethylarsine (abbreviated TMA or TMAs) is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3)3As, commonly abbreviated AsMe3 or TMAs. This organic derivative of arsine has been used as a source of arsenic in microelectronics industry, a building block to other organoarsenic compounds, and serves as a ligand in coordination chemistry. It has distinct "garlic"-like smell. Trimethylarsine had been discovered as early as 1854.
Structure and preparation
AsMe3 is a pyramidal molecule. The As-C distances average 1.519 Å, and the C-As-C angles are 91.83°
Trimethylarsine can be prepared by treatment of arsenic oxide with trimethylaluminium:
As2O3 + 1.5 [AlMe3]2 → 2 AsMe3 + 3/n (MeAl-O)n
Occurrence and reactions
Trimethylarsine is the volatile byproduct of microbial action on inorganic forms of arsenic which are naturally occurring in rocks and soils at the parts-per-million level. Trimethylarsine has been reported only at trace levels (parts per billion) in landfill gas from Germany, Canada, and the U.S.A., and is the major arsenic-containing compound in the gas.
Trimethylarsine is pyrophoric due to the exothermic nature of the following reaction, which initiates combustion:
AsMe3 + 1/2 O2 → OAsMe3 (TMAO)
History
Poisoning events due to a gas produced by certain microbes was assumed to be associated with the arsenic in paint. In 1893 the Italian physician Bartolomeo Gosio published his results on "Gosio gas" that was subsequently shown to contain trimethylarsine. Under wet conditions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ediacaran%20biota | The Ediacaran (; formerly Vendian) biota is a taxonomic period classification that consists of all life forms that were present on Earth during the Ediacaran Period (). These were enigmatic tubular and frond-shaped, mostly sessile, organisms. Trace fossils of these organisms have been found worldwide, and represent the earliest known complex multicellular organisms. The term "Ediacara biota" has received criticism from some scientists due to its alleged inconsistency, arbitrary exclusion of certain fossils, and inability to be precisely defined.
The Ediacaran biota may have undergone evolutionary radiation in a proposed event called the Avalon explosion, . This was after the Earth had thawed from the Cryogenian period's extensive glaciation. This biota largely disappeared with the rapid increase in biodiversity known as the Cambrian explosion. Most of the currently existing body plans of animals first appeared in the fossil record of the Cambrian rather than the Ediacaran. For macroorganisms, the Cambrian biota appears to have almost completely replaced the organisms that dominated the Ediacaran fossil record, although relationships are still a matter of debate.
The organisms of the Ediacaran Period first appeared around and flourished until the cusp of the Cambrian , when the characteristic communities of fossils vanished. A diverse Ediacaran community was discovered in 1995 in Sonora, Mexico, and is approximately 555 million years in age, roughly coeval with Ediacaran fo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Nations%20peacekeeping%20missions%20involving%20Pakistan | Pakistan has served in 46 United Nations peacekeeping missions in 29 countries around the world. As of 2023, United Nations (UN) statistics show that 168 Pakistani UN peacekeepers have been killed since 1948. The biggest Pakistani loss occurred on 5 June 1993 in Mogadishu. Pakistan joined the United Nations on 30 September 1947, despite opposition from Afghanistan because of the Durand Line issue. The Pakistan Armed Forces are the sixth largest contributor of troops towards UN peacekeeping efforts, behind Ethiopia and Rwanda.
Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is the practice of helping countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace. UN peacekeepers — usually military officers and regular troops alongside civilian personnel from many countries — monitor and observe peace processes that emerge in regions post-war and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they have signed. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development. Pakistan's contributions have consisted mainly of regular military personnel, but also include paramilitary troops and civilian police officers as peacekeepers. All operations must include the resolution of conflicts through the use of force to be considered valid under the charter of the United Nations.
Foundation
{{Blockquote|text=Our foreign policy is one of frie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonextensive%20entropy | Entropy is considered to be an extensive property, i.e., that its value depends on the amount of material present. Constantino Tsallis has proposed a nonextensive entropy (Tsallis entropy), which is a generalization of the traditional Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy.
The rationale behind the theory is that Gibbs-Boltzmann entropy leads to systems that have a strong dependence on initial conditions. In reality most materials behave quite independently of initial conditions.
Nonextensive entropy leads to nonextensive statistical mechanics, whose typical functions are power laws, instead of the traditional exponentials.
See also
Tsallis entropy
Statistical mechanics
Entropy and information
Thermodynamic entropy
Information theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helminth%20protein | A helminth protein, or helminthic antigen, is a protein derived from a parasitic worm that causes an immune reaction. When secreted, these proteins may modify the host's immune response in order to promote longevity of the parasite. Helminth proteins can result in a deregulated response to infection, and are implicated in reduced reactivity to other antigens. Other helminth proteins promote parasite survival in other ways, particularly since parasites must depend on hosts for the supply of essential nutrients. Despite their pathogenic properties, helminth proteins have potential to be co-opted to treat a number of other human diseases.
Immunoregulation
Helminth proteins modulate the immune response of their hosts, but do not suppress it entirely. A number of proteins are able to induce production of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. IL-10 is partially responsible for reducing expression of co-stimulatory molecules such as CD86 on macrophages. CD86 is one of the proteins which interact with CD28 to activate T helper cells; without it, T helper cell response is mitigated. Schistosome proteins also contain abundant proteases which and cleave IgE antibodies. Alpha-1, a protein released by schistosome eggs, can also be a chemokine binding protein, preventing the recruitment of other immune cells like neutrophils. T. canis C-type lectins are additionally able to bind to mammalian carbohydrates, suggesting that they may promote evasion of the host’s immune system by preventin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Graczyk | Jean Graczyk (26 May 1933 – 27 June 2004) was a professional road bicycle racer who won two points classifications in the Tour de France and several stages each at the Tour de France and Vuelta a España. Before turning professional, Graczyk won an Olympic silver medal in the team pursuit for France.
His nickname in the sport was Popof. The American-French journalist René de Latour jokingly said in the British monthly Sporting Cyclist that it was because of his habit of attacking alone, or "popping off". De Latour, however, depended too heavily on his readers' understanding of French slang, because Popof is a semi-derogatory term in French for someone of Polish background. The "popping off" suggestion, however, is still widely believed and appears from time to time in histories of the sport.
Major results
1956
Summer Olympics:
Silver medal team pursuit
national amateur road race champion
1957
Vailly-sur-Sauldre
Tour du Sud-Est
1958
Cluny
Orchies
Vuelta a España:
Winner stage 13B
Pleurtuit
Tour de France:
Winner Points classification
1959
Antibes
Hyères
Ronde d'Aix-en-Provence
Saint-Denis l'Hotel
Trofeo Longines (with Jacques Anquetil, André Darrigade, Seamus Elliott and Michel Vermeulin)
Paris–Nice
Tour de France:
Winner stage 5
1960
Tour de France:
Winner stages 4, 12, 17 and 21
Winner Points classification
Critérium International
Super Prestige Pernod International
Brignolles
GP Monaco
Saint-Claud
Saint-Hilaire de Harcouet
1961
Challenge Laurens
GP de Fréjus
Neuvic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Anderson's theorem is a result in real analysis and geometry which says that the integral of an integrable, symmetric, unimodal, non-negative function f over an n-dimensional convex body K does not decrease if K is translated inwards towards the origin. This is a natural statement, since the graph of f can be thought of as a hill with a single peak over the origin; however, for n ≥ 2, the proof is not entirely obvious, as there may be points x of the body K where the value f(x) is larger than at the corresponding translate of x.
Anderson's theorem, named after Theodore Wilbur Anderson, also has an interesting application to probability theory.
Statement of the theorem
Let K be a convex body in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn that is symmetric with respect to reflection in the origin, i.e. K = −K. Let f : Rn → R be a non-negative, symmetric, globally integrable function; i.e.
f(x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ Rn;
f(x) = f(−x) for all x ∈ Rn;
Suppose also that the super-level sets L(f, t) of f, defined by
are convex subsets of Rn for every t ≥ 0. (This property is sometimes referred to as being unimodal.) Then, for any 0 ≤ c ≤ 1 and y ∈ Rn,
Application to probability theory
Given a probability space (Ω, Σ, Pr), suppose that X : Ω → Rn is an Rn-valued random variable with probability density function f : Rn → [0, +∞) and that Y : Ω → Rn is an independent random variable. The probability density functions of many well-known probability distributions are p-concave for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAK%20%28protein%29 | Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK) is a serine/threonine kinase that in humans is encoded by the GAK gene.
Function
In all eukaryotes, the cell cycle is governed by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs), whose activities are regulated by cyclins and CDK inhibitors in a diverse array of mechanisms that involve the control of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of Ser, Thr or Tyr residues. Cyclins are molecules that possess a consensus domain called the 'cyclin box.' In mammalian cells, 9 cyclin species have been identified, and they are referred to as cyclins A through I. Cyclin G is a direct transcriptional target of the p53 tumor suppressor gene product and thus functions downstream of p53. GAK is an association partner of cyclin G and CDK5.
Cyclin G-associated kinase received its name because it immunoprecipitated with cyclin G though it now appears to not be associated with it. Cyclin G-associated kinase is homologous in function to the protein auxilin which when in association with Hsc70 uncoats clathrin in neuronal cells. However, the location of Cyclin G-associated kinase is not in the brain but near the trans-Golgi network of non-neuronal cells such as those found in the liver and testes. GAK is also known to be associated with focal adhesions though the exact relationship between the two is unknown.
Structure
A structure of GAK was determined using X-ray diffraction to a resolution of 2.10 Å.
Cyclin G-associated kinase is a two domain cystolic protein. The dom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-Piperidone | 4-Piperidone is an organic compound with the molecular formula . It can be viewed as a derivative of piperidine. 4-Piperidone is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs. Substituted and dehydro derivatives of 4-piperidinone are intermediates in alkaloid syntheses.
It is a List I chemical in the United States. It is a precursor to fentanyl.
The N-protonated derivative is typically isolated as the hydrate .
See also
4-Pyridone
References |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Phenethyl-4-piperidinone | N-Phenethyl-4-piperidinone (NPP) is a derivative of 4-piperidinone with the molecular formula C13H17NO. It is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceutical drugs such as fentanyl.
Because of its possible use in the illicit manufacture of fentanyl, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) placed NPP under control as a List 1 Chemical in 2007. Both domestic sales and domestic importations are thus subject to DEA reporting requirements.
Preparation
N-Phenethyl-4-piperidinone can be prepared from 4-piperidinone and phenethyl bromide in biphasic conditions with a variety of phase transfer catalysts.
Uses
N-Phenethyl-4-piperidinone is useful in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, primarily fentanyl and its analogs. Paul Janssen (founder of Janssen Pharmaceutica) first synthesized fentanyl in 1960 from Benzylfentanyl. The Seigfried method (shown below and published on The Hive) involves reacting N-phenethyl-4-piperidinone with aniline, and then reducing the imine product with sodium borohydride to 4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine (ANPP). This product is reacted with propionyl chloride to form fentanyl.
References
Further reading
Ketones
Piperidines
Phenethylamines
Janssen Pharmaceutica |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947%20Swiss%20Grand%20Prix | The 1947 Swiss Grand Prix was a Grand Prix motor race held at Bremgarten on 8 June 1947.
Classification
Heat 1
Drivers in bold advanced to the final
Pole position : Carlo Felice Trossi, 2:42.9
Fastest lap : Achille Varzi, 3:02.3
Heat 2
Drivers in bold advanced to the final
Pole position : Jean-Pierre Wimille, 2:47.9
Fastest lap : Raymond Sommer, 2:46.6
Final
Swiss Grand Prix
Swiss Grand Prix
Grand Prix |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzilic%20acid | Benzilic acid is an organic compound with formula or ()2(HO)C(COOH). It is a white crystalline aromatic acid, soluble in many primary alcohols.
Preparation
Benzilic acid can be prepared by heating a mixture of benzil, ethanol, and potassium hydroxide.
Another preparation, performed by Liebig in 1838, is the dimerization of benzaldehyde, to benzil, which is transformed to the product by the benzilic acid rearrangement reaction.
Uses
Benzilic acid is used in the manufacture of glycollate pharmaceuticals including clidinium, dilantin, flutropium, and mepenzolate which are antagonists of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
It is used in manufacture of the incapacitating agent 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ) which is regulated by the Chemical Weapons Convention. It is also monitored by law enforcement agencies of many countries, because of its use in the manufacture in hallucinogenic drugs.
References
External links
Safety MSDS data
Solubility in alcohols
Converting Benzaldehyde to Benzilic Acid
Synthesis of Benzilic Acid
Benzhydryl compounds
Phenylacetic acids |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Becker%20%28physicist%29 | Richard Becker (; 3 December 1887 – 16 March 1955) was a German theoretical physicist who made contributions in thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, superconductivity, and quantum electrodynamics.
Early life
Becker was born in Hamburg. His studies in zoology started in 1906 at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, where he earned his doctorate in 1909 under August Weismann. After hearing lectures by Arnold Sommerfeld at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Becker turned his professional interest to physics. He also studied physics under Max Born at the Georg-August University of Göttingen, and Max Planck and Albert Einstein at the Humboldt University of Berlin. Becker completed his Habilitation in 1922 under Planck.
During World War I, Becker worked in German industrial organizations, including the Kaiser-Wilhelm Institut für physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie and the lighting manufacturer Osram.
In 1919, Sommerfeld recommended three of his students as qualified to become physics assistant to the mathematician David Hilbert at Göttingen. The list included Adolf Kratzer, Becker, and Franz Pauer. Kratzer, first on the list, went to Göttingen.
Career
Upon Habilitation, Becker became a Privatdozent at the University of Berlin. In 1926, he became ordinarius professor at Technische Hochschule Berlin (Today: Technische Universität Berlin.) and head of the new physics department there.
In 1935 Sommerfeld, the theoretician who helped to usher in quantum mechanics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambek%E2%80%93Moser%20theorem | The Lambek–Moser theorem is a mathematical description of partitions of the natural numbers into two complementary sets. For instance, it applies to the partition of numbers into even and odd, or into prime and non-prime (one and the composite numbers). There are two parts to the Lambek–Moser theorem. One part states that any two non-decreasing integer functions that are inverse, in a certain sense, can be used to split the natural numbers into two complementary subsets, and the other part states that every complementary partition can be constructed in this way. When a formula is known for the natural number in a set, the Lambek–Moser theorem can be used to obtain a formula for the number not in the set.
The Lambek–Moser theorem belongs to combinatorial number theory. It is named for Joachim Lambek and Leo Moser, who published it in 1954, and should be distinguished from an unrelated theorem of Lambek and Moser, later strengthened by Wild, on the number of primitive Pythagorean triples. It extends Rayleigh's theorem, which describes complementary pairs of Beatty sequences, the sequences of rounded multiples of irrational numbers.
From functions to partitions
Let be any function from positive integers to non-negative integers that is both non-decreasing (each value in the sequence is at least as large as any earlier value) and unbounded (it eventually increases past any fixed value).
The sequence of its values may skip some numbers, so it might not have an inverse func |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian%20citizens%20of%20Israel | Palestinian citizens of Israel, also known as 48-Palestinians () are Arab citizens of Israel that self-identify as Palestinian. According to Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics, the Arab population in 2019 was estimated at 1,890,000, representing 20.95% of the country's population. The majority of these identify themselves as Arab or Palestinian by nationality and Israeli by citizenship. Many Arabs have family ties to Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip as well as to Palestinian refugees in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon.
Identification as Palestinian
Historical
Between 1948 and 1967, very few Arab citizens of Israel identified openly as "Palestinian". An "Israeli-Arab" identity, the preferred phrase of the Israeli establishment and public, was predominant. Public expressions of Palestinian identity, such as displays of the Palestinian flag or the singing and reciting of nationalist songs or poetry were illegal. Ever since the Nakba, the Palestinians that have remained within Israel's 1948 borders have been colloquially known as "48 Arabs" (). With the end of military administrative rule in 1966 and following the 1967 war, national consciousness and its expression among Israel's Arab citizens spread. A majority then self-identified as Palestinian, preferring this descriptor to Israeli Arab in numerous surveys over the years.
Terminology
How to refer to the Arab citizenry of Israel is a highly politicized issue, and there are a number of self-identification labels use |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myringomycosis | Myringomycosis is a fungal infection of the tympanic membrane. It is caused by the presence of the fungus Aspergillus nigricans or flavescens.
References
Further reading
Animal fungal diseases
Myringomycosis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscope | Landscope is the quarterly journal of Western Australia's Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions. It publishes technical and popular articles on matters related to the conservation and management of natural resources in Western Australia.
First published in 1985, the magazine was partially a continuation of S.W.A.N.S.: State Wildlife Advisory News Service, a newsletter of Western Australia's Department of Fisheries and Fauna. As of early 2019 there have been 34 volumes.
References
External links
1985 establishments in Australia
Nature conservation in Western Australia
Environmental magazines
Magazines established in 1985
Quarterly magazines published in Australia
Magazines published in Perth, Western Australia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTO%20gene | Fat mass and obesity-associated protein also known as alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase FTO is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FTO gene located on chromosome 16. As one homolog in the AlkB family proteins, it is the first mRNA demethylase that has been identified. Certain alleles of the FTO gene appear to be correlated with obesity in humans.
Function
The amino acid sequence of the transcribed FTO protein shows high similarity with the enzyme AlkB which oxidatively demethylates DNA. FTO is a member of the superfamily of alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylase, which are non-heme iron-containing proteins. Recombinant FTO protein was first discovered to catalyze demethylation of 3-methylthymine in single-stranded DNA, and 3-methyluridine in single-stranded RNA, with low efficiency. The nucleoside N6-methyladenosine (m6A), an abundant modification in RNA, was then found to be a major substrate of FTO. The FTO gene expression was also found to be significantly upregulated in the hypothalamus of rats after food deprivation and strongly negatively correlated with the expression of orexigenic galanin-like peptide which is involved in the stimulation of food intake.
Increases in hypothalamic expression of FTO are associated with the regulation of energy intake but not feeding reward.
People with two copies of the risk allele for the rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) showed differing neural responses to food images via fMRI. However, rs9939609 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/444%20%28disambiguation%29 | 444 is a year.
444 or variants may also refer to:
444 BC
444 (number)
Transport
British Rail Class 444, a British EMU train
4-4-4, a Whyte notation classification of steam locomotive
Interstate 444, unsigned route in Oklahoma
Film and television
4:44 Last Day on Earth, a 2011 American film
The Haunted House: Room 444, a 2014 pilot Tooniverse animated television series
Music
444 (album), 2000 album by Charlie Major
4:44 (album), 2017 album by Jay-Z
"444", a song from electronic music group Autechre's debut album Incunabula
"4 4 4", a song from ambient techno group The Fireman's debut album, Strawberries Oceans Ships Forest
"444" is a song from the album 200 Tons Of Bad Luck by Crippled Black Phoenix
triple4s.com
Other uses
.444 Marlin, rifle caliber
4:4:4 is chroma subsampling's "highest" quality level in digital video recording/encoding. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20F%20--%20Local%20History%20of%20the%20United%20States%20and%20British%2C%20Dutch%2C%20French%2C%20and%20Latin%20America | Class F: Local History of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin America is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the structure of Class F classification.
F - Local History of the United States and British, Dutch, French, and Latin America
1-975..........United States local history
1-15...............New England
16-30.............Maine
31-45.............New Hampshire
46-60.............Vermont
61-75.............Massachusetts
76-90.............Rhode Island
91-105...........Connecticut
106.................Atlantic coast. Middle Atlantic States
116-130..........New York
131-145..........New Jersey
146-160..........Pennsylvania
161-175..........Delaware
176-190..........Maryland
191-205..........District of Columbia. Washington
206-220..........The South. South Atlantic States
221-235..........Virginia
236-250..........West Virginia
251-265..........North Carolina
266-280..........South Carolina
281-295..........Georgia
296-301..........Gulf States. West Florida
306-320..........Florida
321-335..........Alabama
336-350..........Mississippi
350.5-355.......Mississippi River and Valley. Middle West
366-380..........Louisiana
381-395..........Texas
396.................Old Southwest. Lower Mississippi Valley
406-420..........Arkansas
431-445..........Tennessee
446-460..........Kentucky
461-475..........Missouri
476-485..........Old Northwest. Northwest Territory
486-500..........Ohio
516-520..........Ohio River |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20E%20--%20History%20of%20America | Class E: History of America is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the structure of Class E.
E - History of America
1-912..........History of America
11-143..........America
11-29..........General
29............Elements in the population
31-49.2........North America
51-73..........Pre-Columbian America. The Indians
75-99..........Native Americans
81-83..........Native American wars
99..........Native American tribes and cultures
101-135..........Discovery of America and early explorations
103-110..........Pre-Columbian period
111-120..........Columbus
121-135..........Post-Columbian period. El Dorado
141-143..........Descriptive accounts of America. Earliest to 1810
151-912..........United States
151-169.12..........General
171-183.9..........History
171-180..........General
173..........Sources and documents
175-175.7..........Historiography
176-176.8..........Biography
179.5..........Historical geography
181..........Military history
182..........Naval history
183-183.3..........Political history
183.7-183.9..........Diplomatic history. Foreign and general relations.
183.8..........Relations with individual countries
184-185.98..........Elements in the population
184.5-185.98..........Afro-Americans
185.2-185.89..........Status and development since emancipation
185.96-185.98..........Biography. Genealogy
186-199..........Colonial history (1607–1775)
186-189..........General
191-199..........By period
191.......... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20Z%20--%20Bibliography.%20Library%20Science.%20Information%20resources | Class Z: Bibliography. Library Science. Information resources is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This page outlines the sub-classes of Class Z.
Z - Books (general). Writing. Palaeography. Book Industries and trade. Libraries. Bibliography
4-115.5...............Books (General). Writing. Paleography
4-8..................History of books and bookmaking
40-104.5.............Writing
41-42.5.............Autographs. Signatures
43-45...............Calligraphy. Penmanship
48..................Duplicating processes. Copying services. Including mimeographing, multilithing
49-51.5.............Typewriters. Typewriting. Keyboards. Keyboarding
52-52.5.............Word processing
53-102..............Shorthand. Stenography. Phonography
102.5-104.5.........Cryptography. Cipher. Invisible writing
105-115.5............Manuscript. Paleography
116-659...............Book industries and trade
116.A2...............Treatises on the modern printed book
116.A3...............Book design
116.A5-265.5.........Printing
124-228.............History
231-234.............Printers and printing establishments
234................Medallic history of printing. Tokens
235-236.............Printer's marks, mottoes, etc.
237.................Paper. Watermarks, etc.
240-241.5...........Incunabula. Block books. Including broadsides, playing cards
242.9-264.5.........Practical printing. Including printing as a business, layout, paper and ink, machine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20V%20--%20Naval%20Science | Class V: Naval science is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class V.
V - Naval science (General)
1-995........Naval science (General)
25-55.......History and antiquities of naval science
66-69.......Navy clubs
160-165...Strategy
167-178...Tactics
200...........Coast defense
210-214.5...Submarine warfare
390-395.....Naval research
396-396.5...Military oceanography
399.........Automation in the naval sciences
400-695.....Naval education
720-743.....Naval life, manners and customs, antiquities, etc.
750-995.....War vessels: Construction, armament, etc.
VA - Navies: Organization, distribution, naval situation
10-750.....Navies: Organization, distribution, naval situation
49-395....United States
400-750...Other regions or countries
VB - Naval administration
15-(955)......Naval administration
21-124.......By region or country
170-187......Civil department
260-275......Enlisted personnel
307-309......Warrant officers
310-315......Officers
320-325......Minorities, women, etc. in navies
VC - Naval maintenance
10-580.......Naval maintenance
20-258......Organization of service
260-268.....Supplies and stores
270-279.....Equipment of vessels, supplies, allowances, etc.
280-345.....Clothing and equipment
350-410.....Subsistence. Provisioning
412-425.....Navy yards and stations. Shore facilities
VD - Naval seaman
7-430.......Naval Seaman
21-124.....By region or country
160-302....Drill regulations
330-335. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20U%20--%20Military%20Science | Class U: Military Science is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This page outlines the sub-classes of Class U.
U - Military science (general)
21‑22.3.....................................War. Philosophy. Military sociology
27‑43........................................History of military science
45.............................................Historiography
56‑59........................................Army clubs
150‑155.....................................Military planning
161‑163.....................................Strategy
164‑167.5..................................Tactics
168...........................................Logistics
250‑255.....................................Maneuvers (combined arms)
260...........................................Joint operations. Combined operations
261...........................................Amphibious warfare
262...........................................Commando tactics
263‑264.5..................................Atomic warfare. Atomic weapons
300‑305.....................................Artillery and rifle ranges
310‑310.2..................................War games
320‑325.....................................Physical training of soldiers
400‑714.....................................Military education and training
750‑773.....................................Military life, manners and customs, antiquities, etc.
799‑897.....................................History of arms and armor
UA - Armies: Organization, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20T%20--%20Technology | Class T: Technology is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This page outlines the subclasses of Class T.
T - Technology (general)
10.5-11.9...................................Communication of technical information
11.95-12.5.................................Industrial directories
55-55.3............................................Industrial safety. Industrial accident prevention
55.4-60.8...................................Industrial engineering. Management engineering
57-57.97..........................................Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods
57.6-57.97.............................................Operations research. Systems analysis
58.4................................................Managerial control systems
58.5-58.64.......................................Information technology
58.6-58.62.......................................Management information systems
58.7-58.8.........................................Production capacity. Manufacturing capacity
59-59.2............................................Standardization
59.5................................................Automation
59.7-59.77.......................................Human engineering in industry. Man-machine systems
60-60.8............................................Work measurement. Methods engineering
61-173.......................................Technical Education. Technical schools
173.2-174.5...............................Technological change
175-178....... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20R%20--%20Medicine | Class R:Medicine is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This page outlines the subclasses of Class R.
R - Medicine (General)
5-130.5......................................General works
131-687.....................................History of medicine. Medical expeditions
690-697.....................................Medicine as a profession. Physicians
702-703.....................................Medicine and the humanities. Medicine and disease in relation to history, literature, etc.
711-713.97................................Directories
722-722.32................................Missionary medicine. Medical missionaries
723-726.....................................Medical philosophy. Medical ethics
726.5-726.8...............................Medicine and disease in relation to psychology. Terminal care. Dying
727-727.5..................................Medical personnel and the public. Physician and the public
728-733.....................................Practice of medicine. Medical practice economics
735-854.....................................Medical education. Medical schools. Research
855-855.5..................................Medical technology
856-857.....................................Biomedical engineering. Electronics. Instrumentation
858-859.7..................................Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics
864............................................Medical records
895-920..................................... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20S%20--%20Agriculture | Class S: Agriculture is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This page outlines the subclasses of Class S.
S - Agriculture (general)
21-400.5....................................Documents and other collections
403............................................Agricultural missions, voyages, etc.
419-482.....................................History
530-559.....................................Agricultural education
539.5-542.3.....................................Research. Experimentation
544-545.53.......................................Agricultural extension work
548-548.6........................................Historic farms
550-559...........................................Exhibitions. Fairs
560-571.5..................................Farm economics. Farm management. Agricultural mathematics. Including production standards, record keeping, farmwork rates, marketing
583-587.73.................................Agricultural chemistry. Agricultural chemicals
588.4-589.6...............................Agricultural physics. Including radioisotopes in agriculture
589.7.........................................Agricultural ecology (General)
589.75-589.76............................Agriculture and the environment
589.8-589.87..............................Plant growing media. Potting soils
590-599.9..................................Soils. Soil science. Including soil surveys, soil chemistry, soil structure, soil-plant relationships
600-600.7................ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20Q%20--%20Science | Class Q: Science is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class Q.
Q - Science (General)
1-390.......Science (General)
1-295......General
300-390....Cybernetics
350-390...Information theory
QA - Mathematics
1-939..............Mathematics
1-43..............General
47-59.............Tables
71-90.............Instruments and machines
75-76.95.........Calculating machines
75.5-76.95......Electronic computers. Computer science
76.73.A-Z......Individual languages A-Z
76.73.A12.....ABAP
76.73.A24.....ALGOL
76.73.A27.....APL
76.73.A35.....Ada
76.73.A67.....AppleScript
76.73.A8.......Assembly languages. Assemblers
76.73.A84.....AutoLISP
76.73.A95.....AWK
76.73.B155...B
76.73.B3......BASIC
76.73.B78....BSV 753
76.73.C15.....C
76.73.C153....C++
76.73.C154....C#
76.73.C25.....COBOL
76.73.C56.....Clipper
76.73.C58.....CoffeeScript
76.73.C75.....CSP
76.73.C87.....Curl
76.73.D138...D
76.73.D14.....D*
76.73.D23.....Dart
76.73.D25.....DRL
76.73.D95.....Dylan
76.73.E27.....EasyLanguage
76.73.E38.....ELAN
76.73.E75.....ERLANG
76.73.F16.....F
76.73.F23.....FOCUS
76.73.F25.....FORTRAN
76.73.F74.....FRED
76.73.G25....GW-BASIC
76.73.G63....Go
76.73.H37.....Haskell
76.73.H6.......HP-GL/2
76.73.H96.....HyperTalk
76.73.I22.......INFORMIX-4GL
76.73.J2........J#
76.73.J38.....Java
76.73.J39.....JavaScript
76.73.J63.....Job Control Language
76.73.J7.......JR
76.73.K63.....Kodu
76.73.K67.....KornShell
76.73.L23......LISP
76.73. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20N%20--%20Fine%20Arts | Class N:Fine Arts is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This page outlines the subclasses of Class N.
N - Visual Arts
1-58..........................................General
61-72........................................Theory. Philosophy. Aesthetics of the visual arts
81-390......................................Study and teaching. Research
400-3990..................................Art museums, galleries, etc.
4390-5098................................Exhibitions
5198-5299................................Private collections and collectors
5300-7418................................History
7420-7525.8..............................General works
7560-8266................................Special subjects of art
8350-8356................................Art as a profession. Artists
8510-8553................................Art studios, materials, etc.
8554-8585................................Examination and conservation of works of art
8600-8675................................Economics of art
8700-9165................................Art and the state. Public art
NA - Architecture
1-60........................................General
100-130..................................Architecture and the state
190-1555.5..............................History
1995........................................Architecture as a profession
2000-2320..............................Study and teaching. Research
2335-2360..............................Competitions
2400-2460..... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20M%20--%20Music | Class M: Music is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class M.
M - Printed Music
1-1.A15 ...... Music printed or copied in manuscript in the United States or the colonies before 1860
1.A5-3.3 ..... Collections
5-1480 ........ Instrumental music
1490 ........... Music printed or copied in manuscript before 1700
1495-2199 .. Vocal music
5000 ........... Unidentified compositions
ML - Literature on music
1-5 ................. Periodicals. Serials
12-21 ............. Directories. Almanacs
25-28 ............. Societies and other organizations
29-31 ............. Special collections
32-33 ............. Institutions
35-38 ............. Festivals. Congresses
40-44 ............. Programs
45 .................. Circulars and advertisements
46 .................. Scrapbooks
47-54.8 .......... Librettos. Texts. Scenarios
55-89 ............. Aspects of the field of music as a whole
93-96.5 .......... Manuscript studies and manuscripts
100-109 ......... Dictionaries. Encyclopedias
110-111.5 ....... Music librarianship
112-112.5 ....... Music printing and publishing
112.8-158.8 .... Bibliography
159-3785 ........ History and criticism
3790-3792 ...... Music trade
3795 ............... Music as a profession. Vocational guidance
3797-3799.5 ... Musical research
3800-3923 ...... Philosophical and societal aspects of music. Physics and acoustics of music. Physiological aspects of music
3928-3930 ...... Literature |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20K%20--%20Law | Class K: Law is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This page outlines the sub-classes of Class K.
K - Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
1-7720............Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
1-36.5...........Periodicals
37-44............Bibliography
46...............Monographic series
48...............Encyclopedias
50-54............Dictionaries. Words and phrases
58...............Maxims. Quotations
(64).............Yearbooks
68-70............Directories
85-89............Legal research
94...............Legal composition and draftsmanship
100-103..........Legal education
109-110..........Law societies. International bar associations
115-130..........The legal profession
133..............Legal aid. Legal assistance to the poor
140-165..........History of law
170..............Biography
(175)............Congresses
(176)-(177)......Collected works (nonserial)
(179)............Addresses, essays, lectures
181-184.7........Miscellany
190-195..........Ethnological jurisprudence. Primitive law
201-487..........Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law
202.............Periodicals
212-213.........Methodology
215-218.........History
236.............Universality and non-universality of law
237-264.........The concept of law
270-274.........Acts and events
280-286.........Sources of law
288-296.........Interpretation and construction of law. Lacunae in law
300-304.........Classification of law. Typology
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20J%20--%20Political%20science | Class J: Political science is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class J.
J - General legislative and executive papers
(1)-981.......General legislative and executive papers
(1)-(9)......Gazettes (Note: The Library of Congress now classes this material in class K)
80-87........United States
80-82.......Presidents' messages and other executive papers
100-981......Other regions and countries
JA - Political science (General)
1-92.....Political science (General)
1-26......Periodicals
27-34.....Societies
35.5......Congresses
60-64.....Dictionaries and Encyclopedias
71-80.....Theory. Relations to other subjects
81-84.....History
86-88.....Study and Teaching. Research
92........Collective Biography of political scientists
JC - Political theory. The state. Theories of the state
11-605.....Political theory. The state. Theories of the state
47............Oriental state
49............Islamic state
51-93.........Ancient state
109-121.......Medieval state
131-273.......Modern state
177-178......Thomas Paine
311-314.......Nationalism. Nation state
319-323.......Political Geography
327...........Sovereignty
328.2.........Consensus. Consent of the governed
328.6-328.65..Violence. Political violence
329...........Patriotism
345-347.......Symbolism
348-497.......Forms of the state
571-605.......Purpose, functions, and relations of the state
JF - Political institutions and public administration
20-2112..... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20H%20--%20Social%20sciences | Class H: Social Sciences is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class H.
H - Social sciences (General)
1-99.......Social Sciences (General)
HA - Statistics
1-4737.......Statistics
29-32.......Theory and method of social science statistics
36-37.......Statistical services. Statistical bureaus
38-39.......Registration of vital events. Vital records
154-4737.......Statistical data
154-155.......Universal statistics
175-473.......By region or country
HB - Economic theory; Demography
1-3840.............Economic theory. Demography
71-74.............Economics as a science. Relation to other subjects
75-130............History of economics. History of economic theory (Including special economic schools)
131-147...........Methodology
135-147..........Mathematical economics. Quantitative methods (Including econometrics, input-output analysis, game theory)
201-206...........Value. Utility
221-236...........Price
238-251...........Competition. Production. Wealth
501...............Capital. Capitalism
522-715...........Income. Factor shares
535-551..........Interest
601..............Profit
615-715..........Entrepreneurship. Risk and uncertainty. Property
801-843...........Consumption. Demand
846-846.8.........Welfare theory
848-3697..........Demography. Population. Vital events
3711-3840.........Business cycles. Economic fluctuations
HC - Economic history and conditions
10-1085.......Economic history and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20G%20--%20Geography.%20Anthropology.%20Recreation | Class G: Geography, Anthropology, Recreation is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class G.
G - Geography (General); Atlases; Maps
1-922....................Geography (General)
65-69...................Geographers
70-70.6.................Philosophy. Relation to other topics. Methodology
80-99...................History of geography
100.5-108.5.............Toponymy (Including gazetteers, geographic names and terms)
140.....................Great cities of the world
141.....................Historical geography
142.....................Aerial geography
149-180.................Travel. Voyages and travels (General)
154.9-155.8............Travel and state. Tourism
200-336.................History of discoveries, explorations, and travel
369-503.................Special voyages and travels
521-539.................Adventures, shipwrecks, buried treasure, etc.
540-550.................Seafaring life, ocean travel, etc.
575-890.................Arctic and Antarctic regions
905-910.................Tropics (General)
912-922.................Northern and Southern Hemispheres
1000-3122................Atlases
1000-1000.5.............Atlases of the moon, planets, etc.
1001-1046...............World atlases. Atlases of the Earth
1050-1052...............Northern and Southern Hemispheres
1053....................Tropics. Torrid Zone
1054-1055...............Polar regions. Frigid Zone
1059-1061...............Maritime atlases (Gen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20L%20--%20Education | Class L: Education is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This page outlines the sub-classes of Class L.
L - Education (General)
7-97...........................................Periodicals. Societies
101............................................Yearbooks
107............................................Congresses
111-791.....................................Official documents, reports, etc.
797-898.....................................Educational exhibitions and museums
899............................................School fairs
900-991.....................................Directories of educational institutions
LA - History of Education
5-25.........................................General
31-135.....................................By period
173-186...................................Higher education
201-398...................................United States
410-2284.................................Other regions or countries
2301-2396................................Biography
LB - Theory and practice of education
5-45.........................................General
51-885.....................................Systems of individual educators and writers
1025-1050.75...........................Teaching (Principles and practice)
1049.9-1050.75..............................Reading (General)
1050.9-1091.............................Educational psychology
1101-1139................................Child study
1139.2-1139.5..........................Earl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20P%20--%20Language%20and%20Literature | Class P: Language and Literature is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This page outlines the subclasses of Class P. It contains 19 sub-classifications, 12 of which are dedicated to language families and geographic groups of languages, and 10 sub-classifications of literature (4 subclasses contain both languages and literatures).
P - Philology; Linguistics
1-1091..........Philology. Linguistics
1-85...........General
29............Encyclopedias and dictionaries of linguistics
37............Psycholinguistics
40............Sociolinguistics
61-77.........History of linguistics
87-96..........Communication. Mass media
94.7..........Interpersonal communication
95-95.6.......Oral communication. Speech
98-98.5........Computational linguistics. Natural language processing
99-99.4........Semiotics
99.5-99.6......Nonverbal communication
101-410........Language. Linguistic theory
106...........Philosophy of language
107...........Language and socio-psychological identity
116...........Origins and evolution of language
117...........Gesture
118-118.7.....Language acquisition
118..........First language acquisition
118.2........Second language acquisition
121-299.......Science of language (Linguistics)
121..........General language science textbooks
126..........Empirical research methods in linguistics
132..........Biological foundations of language
140-142......Historical linguistics
151-158.2....Grammar. Syntax
165..........Cognitive linguistics
2 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20D%20--%20History%2C%20General%20and%20Old%20World | Class D: History, General and Old World is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class D.
D – History (General)
1–2009..................History (General)
1–24.5.................General
25–27..................Military and naval history
31–34..................Political and diplomatic history
51–90..................Ancient history
101–110.5..............Medieval and modern history, 476–
111–203................Medieval history
135–149...............Migrations
151–173...............Crusades
175–195...............Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Latin Orient, 1099–1291
200–203...............Later medieval. 11th–15th centuries
(204)–(475) ...........Modern history, 1453–
219–234...............1453–1648
242–283.5.............1601–1715. 17th century
251–271..............Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648
274.5–274.6..........Anglo-French War, 1666–1667
275–276..............War of Devolution, 1667–1668
277–278.5............Dutch War, 1672–1678
279–280.5............War of the Grand Alliance, 1688–1697
281–283.5............War of Spanish Succession, 1701–1714
284–297...............1715–1789. 18th century
291–294..............War of Austrian Succession, 1740–1748
297..................Seven Years’ War, 1756–1763
299–(475) ............1789–
301–309..............Period of the French Revolution
351–400..............19th century. 1801–1914/1920
371–(379) ..........Eastern question
383.................1815–1830. Congress of Vienna |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20C%20--%20Auxiliary%20Sciences%20of%20History | Class C: Auxiliary Sciences of History is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class C.
C - Auxiliary Sciences of History
1-51.......Auxiliary Sciences of History (General)
CB - History of Civilization
156...........Terrestrial evidence of interplanetary voyages
158-161.......Forecasts of future progress
195-281.......Civilization and race
305-430.......By period
440-482.......Relation to special topics
450.......Geography and civilization
478.......Technology
481.......War and civilization
482.......Water and civilization
CC - Archaeology
72-81.......Philosophy. Theory
73-81.......Methodology
83-97........Study and teaching. Research
135-137....Preservation, restoration, and conservation of antiquities. Antiquities and state
140............Forgeries of antiquities
200-260.....Bells. Campanology. Cowbells
300-350.....Crosses
600-605.....Boundary stones
700-705.....Stone heaps, cairns, etc., of unknown purpose
710............Hill figures
960............Lanterns of the dead
CD - Diplomatics; Archives; Seals
1-511.......Diplomatics
70-79.........Practice of special chancelleries
80-81.........Formularies
87...............Forgeries of documents
91-392........Collection of documents, facsimiles, etc., for study
501-511.....Study and teaching
921-4280....Archives
995-4280....History and statistics
997................Biography of archivists
1000-4280.....By region or country
5001-6471...Seals
5191. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20A%20--%20General%20Works | Class A: General Works is a classification used by the United States Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class A.
AC – collections. series. collected works
1–999......Collections; Series; Collected works
1–195..........Collections of monographs, essays, etc.
1–8...........American and English
9-195.......Other languages
200.............Collections for Jewish readers
801–895......Inaugural and program dissertations
901–995......Pamphlet collections
999.............Scrapbooks
AE – encyclopedias
1–(90)......Encyclopedias
5–(90)......By language
AG – dictionaries and other general reference works
2–600......Dictionaries and other general reference works
AI – indexes
1–21......Indexes
AM – museums; collectors and collecting
1–(501)......Museums; Collectors and collecting
10–100........By country
111–160.......Museology. Museum methods, technique, etc.
200–(501)......Collectors and collecting
AN – newspapers
AN......Newspapers
AP – periodicals
1-(271)......Periodicals
101–115...........Humorous periodicals
200–230...........Juvenile periodicals
(250)–(265)......Periodicals for women
(270)–(271)......Periodicals for Blacks
AS – academies and learned societies
1–945......Academics and learned societies
2.5-4.........International associations, congresses, conferences, etc.
11–785......By region or country
AY – yearbooks; almanacs; directories
10–2001......Yearbooks; Almanacs; Directories
10–29..........Annuals
30-1730.. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20B%20--%20Philosophy%2C%20Psychology%2C%20Religion | Class B: Philosophy, Psychology, Religion is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class B.
B - Philosophy (General)
69-99..........General works
108-5802.......By period (including individual philosophers and schools of philosophy)
108-708.......Ancient
720-765.......Medieval
770-785.......Renaissance
790-5802......Modern
808-849........Special topics and schools of philosophy
850-5739.......By region or country
5800-5802......By religion
BC - Logic
11-39......History
25-39.....By Period
60-99......General works
171-199....Special topics
BD - Speculative philosophy
10-41..........General philosophical works
95-131.........Metaphysics
143-237........Epistemology. Theory of knowledge
240-260........Methodology
300-450........Ontology (including being, the soul, life, death)
493-701........Cosmology (including teleology, space and time, structure of matter, plurality of worlds)
BF - Psychology
1-990.......Psychology
38-64..........Philosophy, Relation to other topics
173-175.5......Psychoanalysis
176-176.5......Psychological tests and testing
180-198.7......Experimental psychology
203............Gestalt psychology
207-209........Psychotropic drugs and other substances
231-299........Sensation, Aesthesiology
309-499........Consciousness, Cognition (including learning, attention, comprehension, memory, imagination, genius, intelligence, thought and thinking, psycholinguistics, mental fatigue)
501-505... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrocyte | A fibrocyte is an inactive mesenchymal cell, that is, a cell showing minimal cytoplasm, limited amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum and lacks biochemical evidence of protein synthesis.
The term fibrocyte contrasts with the term fibroblast. Fibroblasts are activated connective tissue cells characterized by synthesis of proteins of the fibrous matrix, particularly the collagens. When tissue is injured, the predominant mesenchymal cells, the fibroblast, have been believed to be derived from the fibrocyte or possibly from smooth muscle cells lining vessels and glands. Commonly, fibroblasts express smooth muscle actin, a form of actin first found in smooth muscle cells and not found in resting fibrocytes. Fibroblasts expressing this form of actin are usually called "myo-fibroblasts."
Recently, the term "fibrocyte" has also been applied to a bloodborne cell able to leave the blood, enter tissue and become a fibroblast. As part of the more general topic of stem cell biology, a number of studies have suggested that the blood contains marrow derived cells that can differentiate into fibroblasts. These cells have been reported to express the hematopoietic cell surface markers CD34+, CD45+, as well as collagen. These cells can migrate to wound sites, suggesting a role in wound healing. There are several studies suggesting that fibrocytes mediate wound healing and fibrotic tissue repair.
See also
List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
References
Eukaryotic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing-shape%20optimization | Wing-shape optimization is a software implementation of shape optimization primarily used for aircraft design. This allows for engineers to produce more efficient and cheaper aircraft designs.
History
Shape optimization, as a software process and tool, first appeared as an algorithm in 1995 and as commercial software for the automotive industry by 1998, as noted by F. Muyl. Relative to the age of the automotive and aeronautical companies, this software is very new. The difficulty was not with the science behind the process, but rather the capabilities of computer hardware. In 1998, F. Muyl developed a compromise between exact accuracy and computational time to reduce drag of an automotive. GA phases are the standard genetic algorithm iterations and the BFGS phases are the approximated calculations designed to save time. However, he acknowledged that the computational time required on existing hardware, nearly two weeks for a moderate improvement on an oversimplified proof of concept model, made it unattractive for commercial purposes. He also recognized that improving the modeling implementation to use automatic partial derivatives might improve the computational time, particularly with specialized hardware.
In 2000, after a couple years of computer hardware development, K. Maute introduced a more accurate system that could optimize an aircraft wing quickly enough for commercial use.
Method
Wing-shape optimization is by nature an iterative process. First, a baselin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20de%20Nourquer%20du%20Camper | Paul de Nourquer du Camper was Governor General for Inde française in the Second French Colonial Empire during the July Monarchy. During his period an annual statistics manual was written by Pierre Constant Sicé in 1842, which describes and narrates various situations in Inde française.
Titles Held
See also
European and American voyages of scientific exploration
French colonial governors and administrators
Governors of French India
Governors of French Guiana
People of the July Monarchy
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernie%20Purcell | Bernie Purcell (1928–2001) was an Australian rugby league premiership winning footballer and coach. He was a goal-kicking second-row forward of the 1950s for the South Sydney Rabbitohs, the Australian national representative and the New South Wales state sides.
Club career
He played 178 games with South Sydney between 1949 and 1960, scoring 36 tries and 509 goals for a total of 1,126 points. A Souths junior, he was the Australian first forward in the game to score over 1,000 career points. He was also the first Australian forward to kick over 500 career goals a record only matched by three other players up till 2011. He played in the 1950 - 1951 and 1954 - 1955 victorious Rabbitohs Grand Final teams shouldering the goal-kicking responsibilities in each of those matches.
In 1959 he overtook Tom Kirk's record for the most points scored in an NSWRFL career (1,042); Purcell's eventual total of 1,152 stood as the new career record for three seasons until it was bettered by Ron Willey in 1962.
Representative career
Purcell represented Australia in one Test match (1950) and appeared four times for New South Wales (1951–1956). Purcell's sole Test appearance was in the third Test against Great Britain in 1950. This was the famous 5-2 victory that gave Australia the Ashes for the first time in thirty years. He was selected to represent Sydney against France during their 1951 tour of Australasia in a match that ended in a 19-all draw. Purcell also toured Great Britain with the 1956- |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokon | Mokon is a division of Protective Industries, Inc. from Buffalo, New York, United States.
It is also the brand name of the circulating liquid temperature control systems delivering fluid temperatures from that are designed and manufactured by this division.
Created from the need for "mold control", the company's corporate engineers responsible for the manufacture of a line of proprietary plastic closures used worldwide (Caplugs), originally developed a temperature control system to meet their own exacting need for a compact, safe, and efficient means of maintaining close control over their fast-cycle injection molding machines. In 1955, the corporation opened a new division of the company, MOKON, to further design, manufacture, and market their line of high quality water temperature control systems.
A few years later, Mokon's engineering team developed a unique hot oil heat transfer system for higher temperature applications. As the two product lines expanded, so did the need for other products, and they next designed a line of portable chillers and full range systems (combination heating and cooling) in the mid-1980s. 2003, MOKON added central chillers and pump tanks and then blown film coolers in early 2008. Looking to complete its industrial products offering, the thermal engineering team pressed on with the development of: power and process control panels (2009); stationary heat transfer oil systems and outdoor air-cooled chillers (2011); low temperature and modulati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics%20conventions | There are many conventions used in the robotics research field. This article summarises these conventions.
Line representations
Lines are very important in robotics because:
They model joint axes: a revolute joint makes any connected rigid body rotate about the line of its axis; a prismatic joint makes the connected rigid body translate along its axis line.
They model edges of the polyhedral objects used in many task planners or sensor processing modules.
They are needed for shortest distance calculation between robots and obstacles
Non-minimal vector coordinates
A line is completely defined by the ordered set of two vectors:
a point vector , indicating the position of an arbitrary point on
one free direction vector , giving the line a direction as well as a sense.
Each point on the line is given a parameter value that satisfies:
. The parameter t is unique once and are chosen. The representation is not minimal, because it uses six parameters for only four degrees of freedom. The following two constraints apply:
The direction vector can be chosen to be a unit vector
the point vector can be chosen to be the point on the line that is nearest the origin. So is orthogonal to
Plücker coordinates
Arthur Cayley and Julius Plücker introduced an alternative representation using two free vectors. This representation was finally named after Plücker.
The Plücker representation is denoted by . Both and are free vectors: represents the direction of the line and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane%20channel | Membrane channels are a family of biological membrane proteins which allow the passive movement of ions (ion channels), water (aquaporins) or other solutes to passively pass through the membrane down their electrochemical gradient. They are studied using a range of channelomics experimental and mathematical techniques. Insights have suggested endocannabinoids (eCBs) as molecules that can regulate the opening of these channels during diverse conditions.
Properties
Hemichannels
A hemichannel is a membrane channel made up of six subunits. A hemichannel is defined as one-half of a gap junction channel. Hemichannels consist of connexins.
Pannexin
Pannexins are involved in the process of purinergic signalling. They release adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which activate purinergic receptors. On the other hand, purinergic receptor activation can also lead to the opening of the channel, via a positive feedback loop. In addition, P2Y receptors activate inositol trisphosphate, which leads to a transient increase in intracellular calcium, and opens both connexin and pannexin channels, therefore contributing to the propagation of calcium waves across astrocytes and epithelial cells.
References
Further reading
Membrane biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindered%20amine%20light%20stabilizers | Hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) are chemical compounds containing an amine functional group that are used as stabilizers in plastics and polymers. These compounds are typically derivatives of tetramethylpiperidine and are primarily used to protect the polymers from the effects of photo-oxidation; as opposed to other forms of polymer degradation such as ozonolysis.
They are also increasingly being used as thermal stabilizers, particularly for low and moderate level of heat, however during the high temperature processing of polymers (e.g. injection moulding) they remain less effective than traditional phenolic antioxidants.
Mechanism of action
HALS do not absorb UV radiation, but act to inhibit degradation of the polymer by continuously and cyclically removing free radicals that are produced by photo-oxidation of the polymer. The overall process is sometimes referred to as the Denisov cycle, after Evguenii T. Denisov and is exceedingly complex. Broadly, HALS react with the initial polymer peroxy radical (ROO•) and alkyl polymer radicals (R•) formed by the reaction of the polymer and oxygen, preventing further radical oxidation. By these reactions HALS are oxidised to their corresponding aminoxyl radicals (R2NO• c.f. TEMPO), however they are able to return to their initial amine form via a series of additional radical reactions. HALS's high efficiency and longevity are due to this cyclic process wherein the HALS are regenerated rather than consumed during the stabiliz |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUFS | SUFS may refer to:
Cysteine desulfurase, an enzyme
Save Ulster from Sodomy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boca%20Juniors%20top%20scorers | This article includes statistics of Boca Juniors all-time top goal scorers.
Martín Palermo is Boca Juniors all time goal scorer with 236 goals, 193 of those goals were scored in Argentine Primera División tournaments and the other 43 in International tournaments.
Palermo is also the club's top international scorer with 43 goals, followed by Rodrigo Palacio with 28.
All time top scorers
All official tournaments
Note: Only goals in official competitions are included.
Last updated on: 22 September 2023 – Top 20 scorers of all time (all competitions) at historiadeboca.com.ar
League goals
Last updated on: 20 September 2023 – Top 20 league scorers at historiadeboca.com.ar
International goals
Last updated on: 20 September 2023 – Top 20 international scorers at historiadeboca.com.ar
Top scorers per season
Those players that are bolded were also the Top Scorers of that championship.
Note:League goals only.
Most frequent Boca top scorers
Note:League goals only.
References
External links
Boca Players - Historia de Boca
Boca Tournaments - Historia de Boca
Club's Top scorers per season - Agrupación Nuevo Boca
Historical Top scorers - Agrupación Nuevo Boca
Boca Juniors footballers
Association football player non-biographical articles
Boca |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postreplication%20checkpoint | A postreplication checkpoint is a DNA damage checkpoint response that provides time for the repair of daughter-strand gaps generated by the eukaryotic replication fork at sites of DNA damage.
References
Cell cycle |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%20Kiessling | Ann Kiessling ( Anderson; born March 29, 1942) is an American reproductive biologist and a researcher in human parthenogenic stem cell research at The Bedford Research Foundation. She was an associate professor in teaching hospitals of Harvard Medical School (Brigham and Women's Hospital, Faulkner Hospital, New England Deaconess, and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center) from 1985 until 2012.
Background
Kiessling was born Ann Anderson in Baker City, Oregon. Her father, William Charles Anderson, was a squadron commander in the US Air Force during World War II. She graduated from Klamath Falls High School in 1960 and attended University of Virginia where she received the first of her two bachelor's degrees, in nursing. In 1966 she received her second bachelor's degree, in chemistry, from Central Washington University where she also received her master's degree in organic chemistry in 1967. In 1971 she earned her Ph.D. from Oregon State University in biochemistry and biophysics. She did postdoctoral research at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and University of California, San Diego. Kiessling is mother of three daughters and a son.
Career
Kiessling is noted for her discovery of reverse transcriptase activity in normal human cells. This report pioneered the importance of naturally occurring retrovirus sequences in human genes, now thought to be important to the genetic plasticity involved in human evolution and biology. Prior to t |
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