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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akinete | An akinete is an enveloped, thick-walled, non-motile, dormant cell formed by filamentous, heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria under the order Nostocales and Stigonematales. Akinetes are resistant to cold and desiccation. They also accumulate and store various essential material, both of which allows the akinete to serve as a survival structure for up to many years. However, akinetes are not resistant to heat. Akinetes usually develop in strings with each cell differentiating after another and this occurs next to heterocysts if they are present. Development usually occurs during stationary phase and is triggered by unfavorable conditions such as insufficient light or nutrients, temperature, and saline levels in the environment. Once conditions become more favorable for growth, the akinete can then germinate back into a vegetative cell. Increased light intensity, nutrients availability, oxygen availability, and changes in salinity are important triggers for germination.
In comparison to vegetative cells, akinetes are generally larger. This is associated with the accumulation of nucleic acids which is important for both dormancy and germination of the akinete. Despite being a resting cell, it is still capable of some metabolic activities such as photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and carbon fixation, albeit at significantly lower levels.
Akinetes can remain dormant for extended periods of time. Studies have shown that some species could be cultured that were 18 and 64 years old. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFMR%20%28Milwaukee%29 | WFMR was a classical music radio station that existed on three different FM frequencies around Milwaukee, Wisconsin, during its 51-year history. Its last frequency was 106.9 MHz.
History
Originally at 96.5 on the FM dial, WFMR signed on the air with a classical music format on June 26, 1956, from the Bayshore Shopping Center in Glendale. The next year, the studios moved to downtown Milwaukee, at 606 West Wisconsin Avenue. The 50,000-watt transmitter (the most powerful allowed by the FCC) was located in a room on the top floor of the 20-story structure—just outside the studio. After Bill Dunn and partners sold the station to Koss Broadcasting (John Koss of Koss Corporation), the studios were moved to the north side of the city, at 711 West Capitol Drive (not to be confused with the WTMJ station's "Radio City", which nearly has the same address number of 720, but on Capitol Drive, fourteen blocks away).
In 1983, the station was sold and flipped to an adult contemporary format, eventually becoming classic hits heritage station WKLH. The owner of a radio station in suburban Menomonee Falls, WXJY (98.3 FM), immediately picked up the classical format and WFMR call letters. The station remained at that frequency until December 12, 2000, when owner Saga Communications moved it to 106.9 FM, using its old frequency of 98.3 for WJMR-FM's urban AC format and call letters. This was done primarily to boost WJMR-FM's signal in the urban areas of Milwaukee, and to target WFMR toward the w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20FC%20Steaua%20Bucure%C8%99ti%20records%20and%20statistics | The FC Steaua București football club has played 74 seasons in Liga I, which it has won 26 times. It has also won Cupa României 22 times, Supercupa României 6 times and Cupa Ligii twice – all competition records. In UEFA competitions the club has won the European Cup and European Super Cup, both in 1986. It has also reached the European Cup final in 1989, the final of the Intercontinental Cup, quarter-finals of the European Cup Winners' Cup, and the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup. Its players have won numerous awards and many of them have represented Romania in international competitions.
Overall seasons table in Liga I
Steaua in European and International competitions
Honours
Steaua won their first trophy in 1948 when they lifted the Cupa Romaniei. The club won the Romanian Championship a record 14 times during the 40-year span of the tournament.
They are the most successful football club in Romanian, having won a total of 77 domestic titles: 26 Divizia A, a record 24 Cupa Romaniei, a record 14 Supercupa Romaniei, a record two Cupa Ligii
The club is also one of the most successful clubs in international club football, having won 2 official trophies in total, 1 of which are UEFA competitions . Ghencea club has won one UEFA Champions League title, a romanian record of one UEFA Super Cup title.
Domestic
Leagues
Liga I / Divizia A
Winners (26) – Record: 1951, 1952, 1953, 1956, 1959–60, 1960–61, 1967–68, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1992–9 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20N.%20Prahlada%20Rao | A. N. Prahlada Rao (born 24 July 1953) is an Indian author and Kannada-language crossword compiler/ Constructor.
Career
A. N. Prahlada Rao was born at Abbani in the Kolar district of Karnataka, India. He started his career as a journalist and was the founder editor of Honnudi.
Rao's involvement in crossword compilation is a hobby that developed from an interest in solving both Kannada and English crosswords while a student in the mid-1970s. He joined the Karnataka Information Department in 1983 in a public relations role and it was at that time he began to compile seriously. He now works as Media Coordinator to Minister for RDPR and IT BT, Government of Karnataka and compiles daily puzzles, sometimes with assistance from his wife. He specialises in themed puzzles and has a particular fondness for cinema. They have appeared in daily, weekly and fortnightly publications such as Prajavani, Samyukta Karnataka, Shakthi, Mangala, Vijaya Karnataka and Ee Sanje. Now he is creating daily Crosswords for Vijaya Karnataka, Samyukta Karnataka andPrajavani (Sahapati). By the end of 2018 July he has composed 42,000 Crosswords and quiz puzzles. Compilation initially took him around two hours but he had reduced that to no more than 20 minutes.
Aside from producing crosswords, Rao also sets quizzes for several publications, drawing on the same trivia and reference books that he has amassed for his compilation efforts. The front wall of his house includes a crossword grid of black and white |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20key | A water key is a valve or tap used to allow the drainage of accumulated fluid from wind instruments. It is otherwise known as a water valve or spit valve. They are most often located where gravity assists the fluid collection, in such valved instruments such as trumpets, cornets and flugelhorns under the lowest bend of the main tuning slide and on valve slides. On the trombone, it is on the lower side of the bend in the hand slide. Baritone saxophones have a water key attached below the top loop of the instrument.
While often referred to as "spit valves", condensation of breath is the accumulated moisture which a water key drains, so upending the instrument to clear the tubing and sound path is not necessary, for when the level rises above the bend unwanted popping occurs as the sound of blowing bubbles through that fluid blockage—a drainage problem which waterkeys solve. Primarily condensed moisture, food particles, but very little actual spit collects from the breath of the player for as they inhale, the upper airways warm and saturate with water before entering the lungs, which is recovered mostly at exhale re-coating the mucus membranes. Saturation increases as lung pressure does while passing the embouchure, and, like a thermal expansion valve in a refrigerator or A/C, the sudden drop in pressure which drops temperature further assists the condensation of the player's warm moist breath. Larger instruments collect condensate more efficiently and the amount of condensat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mallock%20machine | The Mallock machine is an electrical analog computer built in 1933 to solve simultaneous linear differential equations. It uses coupled transformers, with numbers of turns digitally set up to +/-1000 and solved sets of up to 10 linear differential equations. It was built by Rawlyn Richard Manconchy Mallock of Cambridge University. The Mallock machine was contemporary with the mechanical differential analyser, which was also used at Cambridge during the late 1930s and 1940s.
References
1930s computers
Analog computers
Computer-related introductions in 1933 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Speedway%20Club%20Champions%27%20Cup | The European Speedway Club Champions' Cup is an annual speedway event held in different clubs organized by the European Motorcycle Union (UEM) since 1998.
Previous winners
Medals classification
References
See also
Motorcycle speedway
Clubs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20A.%20Milliken | George Albert Milliken is emeritus professor of statistics at Kansas State University. He is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association and has published many papers in various statistical journals. Milliken is a co-author of the three volume Analysis of Messy Data series (Volume 1: Designed Experiments; Volume 2: Nonreplicated Experiments; Volume 3: Analysis of Covariance) and the co-author of the book SAS System for Mixed Models.
Milliken's books are widely referenced in the statistical research community. He has placed a significant emphasis of his professional research on the following areas:
Nonlinear mixed models
Linear and nonlinear models
Design of experiments, appropriate experimental units
Mixed models, repeated measures, non-replicated experiments
Complex designs from designed experiments and observational studies
References
External links
Milliken's KSU faculty web page
Milliken's consulting firm
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Manhattan, Kansas
Kansas State University alumni
Fellows of the American Statistical Association |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragrances%20of%20the%20World | Fragrances of the World is the largest independent guide to fragrance classification. First published in 1984 by Michael Edwards in Sydney, Australia, the guide was originally named The Fragrance Manual before becoming Fragrances of the World in 2000. It has since been printed annually in a bilingual English-French edition. An online companion, the Fragrances of the World database, was launched in 2004 and, as of 2015, profiles over 17,000 perfumes, updated weekly. Fragrances of the World is considered a standard encyclopedic reference within the fragrance industry, colloquially termed the “Fragrance Bible” (a registered trademark since 2011).
Entries
Some 8,000 perfumes were profiled in the 2015 printed edition of Fragrances of the World, accompanied by brand name, date, fragrance family and gender. The online database, updated weekly, archives profiles of over 17,000 perfumes, listing brand name, corporate group, creative director, gender, perfumer, date, country of origin, bottle designer, fragrance family, an image, an olfactory pyramid and a pronunciation guide.
The Fragrances of the World database attempts to list all perfumes currently on the market, anywhere in the world. Each listing's profile is written by the guide's editorial team, who evaluate the perfume in collaboration with the fragrance's perfumer and house evaluator.
If a mass-market perfume is discontinued, it remains listed in the guide for another two years, excluding fragrances deemed to be of outsta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir%20Ballut | Deir Ballut () is a Palestinian town located in the Salfit Governorate in the northern West Bank, south west of Nablus. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, it had a population of 3,873 in 2017.
Location
Deir Ballut is located west of Salfit. It is bordered by Kafr ad Dik to its east, Al Lubban al Gharbi to the south, Kafr Qasem to the west, and Rafat to the north.
History
Sherds from the Iron Age, Roman, Byzantine, Umayyad/Abbasid and Crusader/Ayyubid eras have been found here.
The "great valley" of Wadi Deir Ballut was identified by Charles William Wilson (1836–1905) as the boundary between Judaea and Samaria, as defined by first-century historian Josephus.
Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi records in 1226 that "Deir al-Ballut was a village of district around ar-Ramla."
Ottoman era
In the 18th and 19th centuries, Deir Ballut belonged to the highland region known as Jūrat ‘Amra or Bilād Jammā‘īn. Situated between Dayr Ghassāna in the south and the present Route 5 in the north, and between Majdal Yābā in the west and Jammā‘īn, Mardā and Kifl Ḥāris in the east, this area served, according to historian Roy Marom, "as a buffer zone between the political-economic-social units of the Jerusalem and the Nablus regions. On the political level, it suffered from instability due to the migration of the Bedouin tribes and the constant competition among local clans for the right to collect taxes on behalf of the Ottoman authorities.”
In 1838, it was noted as a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lissajous%20knot | In knot theory, a Lissajous knot is a knot defined by parametric equations of the form
where , , and are integers and the phase shifts , , and may be any real numbers.
The projection of a Lissajous knot onto any of the three coordinate planes is a Lissajous curve, and many of the properties of these knots are closely related to properties of Lissajous curves.
Replacing the cosine function in the parametrization by a triangle wave transforms every Lissajous
knot isotopically into a billiard curve inside a cube, the simplest case of so-called billiard knots.
Billiard knots can also be studied in other domains, for instance in a cylinder or in a (flat) solid torus (Lissajous-toric knot).
Form
Because a knot cannot be self-intersecting, the three integers must be pairwise relatively prime, and none of the quantities
may be an integer multiple of pi. Moreover, by making a substitution of the form , one may assume that any of the three phase shifts , , is equal to zero.
Examples
Here are some examples of Lissajous knots, all of which have :
There are infinitely many different Lissajous knots, and other examples with 10 or fewer crossings include the 74 knot, the 815 knot, the 101 knot, the 1035 knot, the 1058 knot, and the composite knot 52* # 52, as well as the 916 knot, 1076 knot, the 1099 knot, the 10122 knot, the 10144 knot, the granny knot, and the composite knot 52 # 52. In addition, it is known that every twist knot with Arf invariant zero is a Lissajous knot. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Nolan | Alan Nolan (born 4 June 1985) is a hurler for Dublin and St Brigid's. He was named on the Dublin Blue Stars team for 2006.
Career statistics
Honours
Dublin
Leinster Senior Hurling Championship: 2013
National Hurling League Division 1: 2011
National Hurling League Division 1B: 2013
National Hurling League Division 2: 2006
Walsh Cup: 2011, 2013
References
1985 births
Living people
Dublin inter-county hurlers
Hurling goalkeepers
Irish plumbers
St Brigid's (Dublin) hurlers
People educated at St. Declan's College, Dublin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20regression | A marine regression is a geological process occurring when areas of submerged seafloor are exposed above the sea level. The opposite event, marine transgression, occurs when flooding from the sea covers previously-exposed land.
Evidence of marine regressions and transgressions occurs throughout the fossil record, and the fluctuations are thought to have caused or contributed to several mass extinctions, such as the Permian-Triassic extinction event (250 million years ago) and Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (66 Ma). During the Permian-Triassic extinction, the largest extinction event in the Earth's history, the global sea level fell 250 m (820 ft).
A major regression could itself cause marine organisms in shallow seas to go extinct, but mass extinctions tend to involve both terrestrial and aquatic species, and it is harder to see how a marine regression could cause widespread extinctions of land animals. Regressions are, therefore, seen as correlates or symptoms of major extinctions, rather than primary causes. The Permian regression might have been related to the formation of Pangaea. The accumulation of all major landmasses into one body could have facilitated a regression by providing "a slight enlargement of the ocean basins as the great continents coalesced." However, that cause could not have applied in all or even many of the other cases.
During the ice ages of the Pleistocene, a clear correlation existed between marine regressions and episodes of glaciation. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyer%20Rosenbaum%20%28I%29 | Grand Rebbe Meyer Rosenbaum (1852–1908), Kretchnifer Rebbe, was the son of Rabbi Mordechai of Nadvorna (1824–1894) who was originally known as Rabbi Mordechai Leifer but is noted to have changed his last name to Rosenbaum.
Rosenbaum's scholarly work is called "Razah DeUvdah."
Rebbe Meyer Rosenbaum was the only person whom his father, the Nadvorna Rebbe, authorized to issue kameyos (written amulets) to chassidim, followers. Rosenbaum had two (2) sons: Grand Rabbi Eliezer Zev Rosenbaum Kretchnifer Rebbe, (who was killed in 1944 in the Holocaust), and Rabbi Issamar of Nadvorna.
Rosenbaum was the first rebbe of the Kretshnif dynasty, a Hasidic Jewish dynasty that is descended from the Nadvorna dynasty. It is named for the town of Kretshnif, Romania, where Grand Rabbi Meir Rosenbaum resided. His sons and successors included Rabbi Eliezer Zev in Kretshnif and Sighit, and Rebbe Issamar of Nadvorna (also known as Rebbe Meyer Rosenbaum II) in Chernowitz. Today, descendants of the Kretshnif dynasty can be found across the globe, particularly in Israel, New York City, England, and Canada.
Rosenbaum is buried in Kretchnif.
References
1852 births
1908 deaths
Rebbes of Nadvorna |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storyteller%20%28Crystal%20Waters%20album%29 | Storyteller is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Crystal Waters, released on May 17, 1994, by Mercury Records. The album peaked at number 199 on the US Billboard 200, number 73 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart and number 8 on the Top Heatseekers chart. Four singles were released from the album: "What I Need", "Relax", "Ghetto Day", and the hit, "100% Pure Love". "Ghetto Day" samples The 5th Dimension's 1968 hit "Stoned Soul Picnic".
Storyteller sold 1 million copies and was certified gold in the United States.
Reception
The album debuted at 199 on the US Billboard 200. Since its release, it has gone gold, and sold over 1 million copies worldwide. Upon release, the album received generally positive reviews from contemporary music critics. It won Vibe'''s 1994 Music Poll for Best Club/Dance Album. It was the no. 12 Best Album of 1994 in Spin''.
Track listing
Personnel
Drums, percussion – Teddy Douglass, Maurice Fulton, Richard Payton, Doug Smith, Sean Spencer, Jay Steinhour
Drum programming – Maurice Fulton, Sean Spencer
Guitars – Wayne Cooper
Keyboards and programming – David Anthony, Hoza Clowney, Neal Conway, Charles Dockins, Maurice Fulton, Mark Harris, Richard Payton, Fruity Roberts, Doug Smith
Vibraphone – David Bach
Saxophone – Greg Thomas (also scatting)
Horns – Greg Boyer, Benny Cowan
Multi-instruments – Eric Kupper
Backing vocals – Katreese Barnes, Kenny Hicks, Adrianne McDonald, Antionette Robertson, Novelair Thomas, Audrey Wheeler
Charts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine | Rankine is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
William Rankine (1820–1872), Scottish engineer and physicist
Rankine body an elliptical shape of significance in fluid dynamics, named for Rankine
Rankine scale, an absolute-temperature scale related to the Fahrenheit scale, named for Rankine
Rankine cycle, a thermodynamic heat-engine cycle, also named after Rankine
Rankine Lecture, a lecture delivered annually by an expert in the field of geotechnics
Alan Rankine (born 1958), Scottish rock musician
Alexander Rankine (1881–1956), British physicist
Andy Rankine (1895–1965), Scottish footballer
Camille Rankine, American poet
Claudia Rankine (born 1963), American poet and playwright
Dean Rankine, Australian comics artist
George Rankine Irwin, (1907–1998) American materials scientist
James Rankine (1828–1897), South Australian politician
Jennifer Rankine (born 1953), South Australian politician
John Rankine (1918–2013), British science fiction author
John Rankine (politician) (1801–1864), South Australian physician and politician
John Rankine (governor) (1907–1987), British colonial administrator
Leila Rankine (1932–1993), Aboriginal Australian poet, co-founder of the Centre for Aboriginal Studies in Music at the University of Adelaide
Mark Rankine (born 1969), English footballer
Michael Rankine (born 1985), English footballer
Scotty Rankine (1909–1995), Canadian Olympic athlete
Thomas Rankine (born 1978), American musician
William Rankine Mill |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20minimization | In the field of computational chemistry, energy minimization (also called energy optimization, geometry minimization, or geometry optimization) is the process of finding an arrangement in space of a collection of atoms where, according to some computational model of chemical bonding, the net inter-atomic force on each atom is acceptably close to zero and the position on the potential energy surface (PES) is a stationary point (described later). The collection of atoms might be a single molecule, an ion, a condensed phase, a transition state or even a collection of any of these. The computational model of chemical bonding might, for example, be quantum mechanics.
As an example, when optimizing the geometry of a water molecule, one aims to obtain the hydrogen-oxygen bond lengths and the hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen bond angle which minimize the forces that would otherwise be pulling atoms together or pushing them apart.
The motivation for performing a geometry optimization is the physical significance of the obtained structure: optimized structures often correspond to a substance as it is found in nature and the geometry of such a structure can be used in a variety of experimental and theoretical investigations in the fields of chemical structure, thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, spectroscopy and others.
Typically, but not always, the process seeks to find the geometry of a particular arrangement of the atoms that represents a local or global energy minimum. Instead of searchi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20enforcement%20in%20British%20Columbia%2C%202005 | This is a list of statistics in law enforcement in British Columbia in 2005, including crime rates, police strength, and police costs. In total there were 508,271 reported (non-traffic) incidents of Criminal Code offences, giving the province a crime rate of 120 offences per 1,000 people, the second highest in Canada. This was down 5% from 2004's rate of 125, and was the first decrease since 1999-2000. Of these crimes, only 22% were solved in the same year, including 52% of all violent crimes and 13% of all property crimes. This resulted in 57,817 persons being recommended for charges to the Crown counsel, of which 81% were male and 10% were young offenders (between 12 and 17 years old).
Law enforcement was supplied mainly by municipal forces, either an independent police department or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Municipalities with populations over 5,000 people using the RCMP paid either 90% or 70% of their costs, depending on their population size, with the federal government paying the remainder. Those municipalities under 5,000 people shared a detachment with the general rural area but did not pay any of the policing costs while the unincorporated rural areas paid a small, varied, amount through a general rural property tax. Other police forces operating within BC include 2 First Nations forces, a RCMP federal force, the Greater Vancouver Transportation Authority Police Service (now South Coast British Columbia Transportation Authority Police Service), the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speeded%20up%20robust%20features | In computer vision, speeded up robust features (SURF) is a patented local feature detector and descriptor. It can be used for tasks such as object recognition, image registration, classification, or 3D reconstruction. It is partly inspired by the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) descriptor. The standard version of SURF is several times faster than SIFT and claimed by its authors to be more robust against different image transformations than SIFT.
To detect interest points, SURF uses an integer approximation of the determinant of Hessian blob detector, which can be computed with 3 integer operations using a precomputed integral image. Its feature descriptor is based on the sum of the Haar wavelet response around the point of interest. These can also be computed with the aid of the integral image.
SURF descriptors have been used to locate and recognize objects, people or faces, to reconstruct 3D scenes, to track objects and to extract points of interest.
SURF was first published by Herbert Bay, Tinne Tuytelaars, and Luc Van Gool, and presented at the 2006 European Conference on Computer Vision. An application of the algorithm is patented in the United States. An "upright" version of SURF (called U-SURF) is not invariant to image rotation and therefore faster to compute and better suited for application where the camera remains more or less horizontal.
The image is transformed into coordinates, using the multi-resolution pyramid technique, to copy the original image |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLOH | GLOH (Gradient Location and Orientation Histogram) is a robust image descriptor that can be used in computer vision tasks. It is a SIFT-like descriptor that considers more spatial regions for the histograms. An intermediate vector is computed from 17 location and 16 orientation bins, for a total of 272-dimensions. Principal components analysis (PCA) is then used to reduce the vector size to 128 (same size as SIFT descriptor vector).
See also
Scale-invariant feature transform
Speeded Up Robust Features
LESH – Local Energy-based Shape Histogram
Feature detection (computer vision)
References
Krystian Mikolajczyk and Cordelia Schmid "A performance evaluation of local descriptors", IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 10, 27, pp 1615--1630, 2005.
Feature detection (computer vision) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs%20Augusto | Luís Augusto Osório Romão do Nascimento(born 20 November 1983), known as Luís Augusto, is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as an attacking midfielder.
Club statistics
References
External links
CBF
1983 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Santos FC players
Paysandu Sport Club players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J1 League players
J2 League players
Yokohama FC players
Oita Trinita players
Albirex Niigata players
Clube Atlético Bragantino players
Comercial Futebol Clube (Ribeirão Preto) players
Guarany Sporting Club players
Brasiliense FC players
River Atlético Clube players
Men's association football midfielders
People from Oeiras, Piauí
Footballers from Piauí |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson%20orthogonality%20theorem | The Anderson orthogonality theorem is a theorem in physics by the physicist P. W. Anderson.
It relates to the introduction of a magnetic impurity in a metal. When a magnetic impurity is introduced into a metal, the conduction electrons will tend to screen the potential that the impurity creates. The N-electron ground state for the system when , which corresponds to the absence of the impurity and , which corresponds to the introduction of the impurity are orthogonal in the thermodynamic limit .
References
Condensed matter physics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201987%29 | Gabriel Donizette de Santana, or simply Gabriel (born September 8, 1987) is a Brazilianiel played for V in the J1 League during 2006 and 2007.
Club statistics
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube players
Sanat Naft Abadan F.C. players
Aluminium Hormozgan F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in Iran
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J1 League players
J2 League players
Vissel Kobe players
Men's association football midfielders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico%20Poitschke | Enrico Poitschke (born 23 August 1969 in Görlitz) is a German former road racing cyclist.
Major results
2001
1st, Stage 3, Ringerike GP
1st, Stage 5, Ringerike GP
1st, General Classification, Ringerike GP
1st, Stage 4, Course de la Paix
1st, Criterium München
1st, Criterium Hof
2003
1st, Rund um Hainleite-Erfurt
External links
1969 births
Living people
German male cyclists
Sportspeople from Görlitz
Cyclists from Saxony
People from Bezirk Dresden
East German male cyclists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tic%C3%A3o | Carlos Augusto Bertoldi (; born February 7, 1985, in Curitiba), known simply as Ticão, is a Brazilian professional footballer who is currently a free agent.
Statistics
Club career
Sim.
Honours
Club Athlético Paranaense
Paraná State League: 2005
Sport Club do Recife
Pernambuco State League: 2006, 2007.
Fortaleza Esporte Clube
Ceará State League: 2010.
Yuen Long
Hong Kong Senior Shield: 2017–18
Contract
Náutico (Loan) 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2008
Atlético-PR 1 January 2008 to 1 January 2010
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Club Athletico Paranaense players
Sport Club do Recife players
Clube Náutico Capibaribe players
Ituano FC players
Olympiacos Volos F.C. players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Hong Kong
Footballers from Curitiba
South China AA players
Yuen Long FC players
Southern District FC players
Hong Kong Premier League players
Hong Kong League XI representative players |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clibadium%20pentaneuron | Clibadium pentaneuron, synonym Clibadium zakii, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Colombia and Ecuador. In Ecuador, its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Conservation
Clibadium zakii was assessed as "vulnerable" in the 2003 IUCN Red List, where it is said to be native only to Ecuador. , C. zakii was regarded as a synonym of Clibadium pentaneuron, which is also found in Colombia.
References
pentaneuron
Flora of Colombia
Flora of Ecuador
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Frequency%20E.P. | The Frequency E.P. is an extended play album by PlayRadioPlay!. It debuted to the public on April 27, 2007 and at number 6 on Billboard's Electronic chart.
Track listing
"Bad Cops Bad Charities" – 4:15
"Complement Each Other Like Colors" – 3:57
"Confines of Gravity" – 2:49
"At This Particular Moment in Time" – 4:05
"Even Fairy Tale Characters Would Be Jealous" – 2:52
"Mr. Brightside" (cover of The Killers' song) – 5:11
Enhanced CD
The Frequency E.P. features a studio recording of PlayRadioPlay! performing "Madi's Birthday Song" or "Happy Birthday Madi" live from his home studio or "The Bat Cave".
References
External links
Official website
MySpace page
Analog Rebellion albums
2007 EPs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wattenberg%2C%20Tyrol | Wattenberg is a municipality in the district of Innsbruck-Land in the Austrian state of Tyrol located 15 km east of Innsbruck and 2.50 km above the Swarovski crystal town Wattens.
Population
Gallery
References
External links
Municipality Wattenberg: Official website of the municipality in the Hall-Wattens region
Cities and towns in Innsbruck-Land District |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delorazepam | Delorazepam, also known as chlordesmethyldiazepam and nordiclazepam, is a drug which is a benzodiazepine and a derivative of desmethyldiazepam. It is marketed in Italy, where it is available under the trade name EN and Dadumir. Delorazepam (chlordesmethyldiazepam) is also an active metabolite of the benzodiazepine drugs diclazepam and cloxazolam. Adverse effects may include hangover type effects, drowsiness, behavioural impairments and short-term memory impairments. Similar to other benzodiazepines delorazepam has anxiolytic, skeletal muscle relaxant, hypnotic and anticonvulsant properties.
Indications
Delorazepam is mainly used as an anxiolytic because of its long elimination half-life; showing superiority over the short-acting drug lorazepam. In comparison with the antidepressant drugs, paroxetine and imipramine, delorazepam was found to be more effective in the short-term but after 4 weeks the antidepressants showed superior anti-anxiety effects.
Delorazepam is also used as a premedication for dental phobia for its anxiolytic properties. High doses of Delorazepam may be administered the night before a dental (or other medical) procedure in order to provide relief from anxiety-associated insomnia that night with the effects persisting long enough to sufficiently treat anxiety the next day.
Delorazepam has also demonstrated effectiveness in treating alcohol withdrawal.
Availability
Delorazepam is available in tablet and liquid drop formulations. The liquid drop formulati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadd45 | The Growth Arrest and DNA Damage or gadd45 genes, including GADD45A (originally termed gadd45) GADD45B (originally termed MyD118), and GADD45G (originally termed CR6), are implicated as stress sensors that modulate the response of mammalian cells to genotoxic/physiological stress, and modulate tumor formation. Gadd45 proteins interact with other proteins implicated in stress responses, including PCNA, p21, Cdc2/CyclinB1, MEKK4, and p38 kinase.
GADD45 proteins regulate differentiation at the two cell stage of embryogenesis, a key stage of zygotic genome activation. GADD45 likely acts by promoting TET-mediated DNA demethylation leading to the induction of expression of genes necessary for zygote activation.
Overexpression of the GADD45 gene in the Drosophila melanogaster nervous system significantly increases longevity. This longevity increase can be attributed to more efficient recognition and repair of spontaneous DNA damages generated by physiological processes and environmental factors.
History
Gadd45a was discovered and characterized in the laboratory of Dr. Albert J. Fornace Jr. in 1988.
Gadd45b (MyD118) was discovered and characterized in the laboratories of Drs. Dan A. Liebermann and Barbara Hoffman in 1991.
Gadd45g (CR6) was discovered and characterized in the laboratories of Drs. Kenneth Smith, Dan A. Liebermann, and Barbara Hoffman in 1993 and 1999.
See also
GADD45A
GADD45B
GADD45G
References
External links
Mammal genes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNRT | The National Company of Radio and Television (, ; , SNRT; , ) is the public broadcaster of Morocco.
History
It was formerly called Moroccan Radio and Television (RTM) from 1956 and Radiodiffusion-Télévision Marocaine (RTM) from 1961. Radio-Maroc was one of the founding members of the European Broadcasting Union in 1950 and continued as an active member until 1 January 1961 when RTM changed its affiliation to associate membership. In 1969 RTM was readmitted as an active member.
In 2009, the SNRT became a shareholder in Euronews, initially acquiring 0.33% then later expanding its share to 6% in 2011.
In 2021, Othman El Ferdaous, the Minister of Culture, announced that SNRT would be reorganized into a public holding group by 2024, during which it would acquire the part-state-owned 2M and private Medi 1 Radio and Medi 1 TV channels. In addition, its Aflam TV channel would be replaced with an "SVOD" video-on-demand platform.
On 12 November 2022, Arryadia obtained rights to broadcast 10 matches including the Moroccan national team for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.
On 13 May 2023, SNRT proposed an acquisition of 86.3% shares of Medi1 Radio.
Role as a public broadcaster
In the exercise of its public service function, among the obligations of the SNRT Corporation are:
Promote dissemination and awareness of constitutional principles and civic values.
Guarantee the objectivity and truthfulness of the information provided, while ensuring that a broad range of views is presented.
Fa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-S%C3%A9v%C3%A8re%2C%20Quebec | Saint-Sévère is a parish municipality in the Mauricie region of the province of Quebec in Canada.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Saint-Sévère had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
References
External links
Parish municipalities in Quebec
Incorporated places in Mauricie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulysin | Insulysin () (Also called insulinase, insulin-degrading enzyme, insulin protease, insulin proteinase, insulin-degrading neutral proteinase, insulin-specific protease, insulin-glucagon protease, metalloinsulinase, IDE) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the degradation reaction of insulin, glucagon and other polypeptides.
This cytosolic enzyme is present in mammals and in many arthropods such as the fly Drosophila melanogaster.
See also
Insulin-degrading enzyme
References
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/20/23/8745.full
External links
EC 3.4.24 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysostaphin | Lysostaphin (, glycyl-glycine endopeptidase) is a Staphylococcus simulans metalloendopeptidase (crystal structure of lysostaphin). It can function as a bacteriocin (antimicrobial) against Staphylococcus aureus.
Lysostaphin is a 27 KDa glycylglycine endopeptidase, an antibacterial enzyme which is capable of cleaving the crosslinking pentaglycine bridges found in the cell wall peptidoglycan of certain Staphylococci. Lysostaphin was first isolated from a culture of Staphylococcus simulans by Schindler and Schuhardt in 1964. S. aureus cell walls contain high proportions of pentaglycine, making lysostaphin a highly effective agent against both actively growing and quiescent bacteria.
Staphylococcal infections of both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis continue to be a major issue in clinical settings, particularly those with implantable devices. Staphylococci cause a significant percentage of device infections, and like many other pathogens, rather than living as free planktonic cells within the host they have the ability to form a multilayered community of sessile bacteria cells known as a biofilm on implantable devices. Once a "Staphylococcal" biofilm has formed on an implanted medical device, it is difficult to disrupt due to its antibiotic resistance and protection against bacterial action.
Many studies have been previously published on lysostaphin since its isolation, both in vitro and in vivo. Lysostaphin has been shown to eradicate susceptible S. aureus |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hop%20latent%20viroid | Hop latent viroid (abbreviated HpLVd, or HLVd) is a viroid, which is known to cause the Dudding Disease in hemp and cannabis. It is a non-capsulated strand of RNA and an obligate parasite that requires the presence of a compatible host for its survivability. It can have minor effects on hop quality, but has shown to cause severe stunting in hemp and cannabis. Due to its ability to remain undetected, it has become an issue of significant risk for some hemp and cannabis cultivars. Studies regarding this viroid and its ability to infiltrate its plant host are well underway; however, addressing measures to reduce its introduction into growing environments is still challenging.
Transmission
Hop latent viroid most notably spread from performing mechanical practices with contaminated tools and equipment such as boots, shears, shovels, or tractors. Viroids cannot physically enter a host independently, requiring some vector; in this case, it is with unsterilized tools or equipment when managing cultivars. Propagules can be unintentionally infected when obtaining them from a mother plant, or they can be from an infected plant that is asymptomatic. Hop latent viroid can enter cultivars undetected since some plants don't demonstrate any signs of infection.
Effects on plant
Plants affected by hop latent viroid may display stunted growth, brittle stems, and reduced foliage; symptoms result from RNA of the viroid disrupting the plant metabolites. These symptoms are reflected in the plan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoionisation%20cross%20section | Photoionisation cross section in the context of condensed matter physics refers to the probability of a particle (usually an electron) being emitted from its electronic state.
Cross section in photoemission
The photoemission is a useful experimental method for the determination and the study of the electronic states. Sometimes the small amount of deposited material over a surface has a weak contribution to the photoemission spectra, which makes its identification very difficult.
The knowledge of the cross section of a material can help to detect thin layers or 1D nanowires over a substrate. A right choice of the photon energy can enhance a small amount of material deposited over a surface, otherwise the display of the different spectra won't be possible.
See also
Gamma ray cross section
ARPES
Synchrotron radiation
Cross section (physics)
Absorption cross section
Nuclear cross section
References
External links
Elettra's photoemission cross sections calculations
Electromagnetism
Condensed matter physics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carly%20Manning | Carly Manning is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives. Crystal Chappell portrayed the character from June 12, 1990, to October 18, 1993. After a sixteen-year absence, she reprised the role on October 2, 2009, to September 22, 2011. Chappell's most memorable storyline was in 1993 when her longtime rival Vivian Alamain (Louise Sorel) buried her alive, which has become one of the show's most notorious plots. Along with Vivian, most of Carly's stories revolve around her ex-husband Bo Brady (Peter Reckell) and late husband Lawrence Alamain (Michael Sabatino).
Casting
Following the departure of Kristian Alfonso as heroine Hope Williams Brady in 1990, DAYS sought an actress for the newly created role of Carly Manning. Crystal Chappell joined the cast after her short-term role as drug dealer Jane Kingsley on another NBC soap opera, Santa Barbara when she was approached by the show's casting director Doris Sabbagh. Chappell studied acting at the University of Maryland, Baltimore and with legendary acting coach Sanford Meisner before she pursued the art professionally in 1989 after being cast as a day player on the ABC soap opera All My Children. By the time she began to appear as a regular on DAYS, she felt accomplished to have booked such a prominent role on a major show. After spending three years on the soap, Chappell left and eventually took roles on One Life to Live as Maggie Carpenter from 1995-1997 and Guiding Light as Olivia Spencer from 1999-2009, w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomopterna%20milletihorsini | Tomopterna milletihorsini, commonly known as the Mali screeching frog, is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is endemic to Mali where it is known from near Bamako (its type locality) and Nara. This species was transferred from Arthroleptis to Tomopterna in 2008, the old placement still being reflected in its common name.
Its habitat and ecology are unknown. Presumably it breeds by direct development and is therefore not dependent upon water for breeding. The type specimen, now lost, measured in snout–vent length.
References
milletihorsini
Frogs of Africa
Amphibians of West Africa
Endemic fauna of Mali
Taxa named by Fernand Angel
Amphibians described in 1922
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josimar%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201987%29 | Josimar Rodrigues Souza Roberto, or simply Josimar (born August 16, 1987), is a Brazilian striker .
Club statistics
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J1 League players
J2 League players
Ipatinga Futebol Clube players
Ventforet Kofu players
Ehime FC players
Tokyo Verdy players
Clube Náutico Capibaribe players
Clube Esportivo Lajeadense players
Al Fateh SC players
Army United F.C. players
Port F.C. players
PTT Rayong F.C. players
Thai League 1 players
Thai League 2 players
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate men's footballers in Thailand
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Japan
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Thailand
Saudi Pro League players
Men's association football forwards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernandinho%20%28footballer%2C%20born%20January%201981%29 | Éldis Fernando Damasio, better known as Fernandinho (フェルナンジーニョ, born January 13, 1981), is a Brazilian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Gainare Tottori.
Club career statistics
Updated to 23 February 2020.
References
External links
Profile at Gainare Tottori
Profile at Oita Trinita
1981 births
Living people
Men's association football midfielders
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Figueirense FC players
Associação Desportiva São Caetano players
CR Vasco da Gama players
Expatriate men's footballers in Japan
J1 League players
J2 League players
J3 League players
Gamba Osaka players
Shimizu S-Pulse players
Kyoto Sanga FC players
Oita Trinita players
Vegalta Sendai players
Ventforet Kofu players
Gainare Tottori players
Mogi Mirim Esporte Clube players
Footballers from Florianópolis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20ethnicity%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom | A number of different systems of classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom exist. These schemata have been the subject of debate, including about the nature of ethnicity, how or whether it can be categorised, and the relationship between ethnicity, race, and nationality.
National statistics
History and debate
The 1991 UK census was the first to include a question on ethnicity. Field trials had started in 1975 to establish whether a question could be devised that was acceptable to the public and would provide information on race or ethnicity that would be more reliable than questions about an individual's parents' birthplaces. A number of different questions and answer classifications were suggested and tested, culminating in the April 1989 census test. The question used in the later 1991 census was similar to that tested in 1989, and took the same format on the census forms in England, Wales and Scotland. However, the question was not asked in Northern Ireland. The tick-boxes used in 1991 were "White", "Black-Caribbean", "Black-African", "Black-Other (please describe)", "Indian", "Pakistani", "Bangladeshi", "Chinese" and "Any other ethnic group (please describe)".
Sociologist Peter J. Aspinall has categorised what he regards as a number of "persistent problems with salient collective terminology". These problems are ambiguity in respect of the populations that are described by different labels, the invisibility of white minority groups in official classifications, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusionless%20transformation | Diffusionless transformations, also referred to as displacive transformations, are solid-state changes in the crystal structure that do not rely on the diffusion of atoms over long distances. Instead, they occur due to coordinated shifts in atomic positions, where atoms move by a distance less than the span between neighboring atoms while maintaining their relative arrangement. An illustrative instance of this is the martensitic transformation observed in steel. The term "martensite" was initially used to designate the hard and finely dispersed constituent that forms in rapidly cooled steels. Subsequently, it was discovered that other materials, including non-ferrous alloys and ceramics, can undergo diffusionless transformations as well. As a result, the term "martensite" has taken on a more inclusive meaning to encompass the resulting product of such transformations. With diffusionless transformations, there is some form of cooperative, homogeneous movement that results in a change to the crystal structure during a phase change. These movements are small, usually less than their interatomic distances, and the neighbors of an atom remain close. The systematic movement of large numbers of atoms led to some to refer to these as military transformations in contrast to civilian diffusion-based phase changes, initially by Frederick Charles Frank and John Wyrill Christian.
The most commonly encountered transformation of this type is the martensitic transformation which, while prob |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabio%20Parra | Fabio Enrique Parra Pinto (born November 22, 1959 in Sogamoso, Boyacá) is a retired Colombian road racing cyclist. Parra was successful as an amateur in Colombia, winning the Novatos classification for new riders or riders riding their first edition of the race, and finishing 14th in the 1979 Vuelta a Colombia and then the General classification in the 1981 Vuelta a Colombia. He also competed in the individual road race event at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Parra turned professional for the first Colombian cycling team, Café de Colombia, in 1985. He was a professional from 1985 to 1992 and won stages in the Tour de France and Vuelta a España. His success occurred at the same time as his compatriot Luis Herrera. While Herrera won stages and the King of the Mountains competitions in the grand tours, Parra could contend for the overall classification. His greatest achievements were a third place in the 1988 Tour de France, highest placing of a South American for 25 years, until his countryman Nairo Quintana finished second in the 2013 Tour de France, and, in the following year in the Vuelta a España, finishing second to Pedro Delgado at 35 seconds.
Fabio Parra has two younger brothers who also became professionals, Humberto Parra Pinto and Iván Parra. Humberto rode for three years for Kelme while Iván won 2 stages of the 2005 Giro d'Italia.
Career achievements
Major results
1979
1st Novatos New rider classification, Vuelta a Colombia
1980
9th Overall Vuelta a Colombia
1981
1st |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geotrypetes | Geotrypetes is a genus of caecilians in the family Dermophiidae, although some classifications place it in the family Caeciliidae. They occur in tropical West Africa and are sometimes known as the West African caecilians.
Species
There are three species:
References
Amphibian genera
Amphibians of Sub-Saharan Africa
Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounded%20inverse%20theorem | In mathematics, the bounded inverse theorem ( also called inverse mapping theorem or Banach isomorphism theorem) is a result in the theory of bounded linear operators on Banach spaces.
It states that a bijective bounded linear operator T from one Banach space to another has bounded inverse T−1. It is equivalent to both the open mapping theorem and the closed graph theorem.
Generalization
Counterexample
This theorem may not hold for normed spaces that are not complete.
For example, consider the space X of sequences x : N → R with only finitely many non-zero terms equipped with the supremum norm. The map T : X → X defined by
is bounded, linear and invertible, but T−1 is unbounded.
This does not contradict the bounded inverse theorem since X is not complete, and thus is not a Banach space.
To see that it's not complete, consider the sequence of sequences x(n) ∈ X given by
converges as n → ∞ to the sequence x(∞) given by
which has all its terms non-zero, and so does not lie in X.
The completion of X is the space of all sequences that converge to zero, which is a (closed) subspace of the ℓp space ℓ∞(N), which is the space of all bounded sequences.
However, in this case, the map T is not onto, and thus not a bijection. To see this, one need simply note that the sequence
is an element of , but is not in the range of .
See also
References
Bibliography
(Section 8.2)
Operator theory
Theorems in functional analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20recognition%20particle%20RNA | The signal recognition particle RNA, (also known as 7SL, 6S, ffs, or 4.5S RNA) is part of the signal recognition particle (SRP) ribonucleoprotein complex. SRP recognizes the signal peptide and binds to the ribosome, halting protein synthesis. is a protein that is embedded in a membrane, and which contains a transmembrane pore. When the complex binds to , SRP releases the ribosome and drifts away. The ribosome resumes protein synthesis, but now the protein is moving through the transmembrane pore.
In this way SRP directs the movement of proteins within the cell to bind with a transmembrane pore which allows the protein to cross the membrane to where it is needed. The RNA and protein components of this complex are highly conserved but do vary between the different kingdoms of life.
The common SINE family Alu probably originated from a 7SL RNA gene after deletion of a central sequence.
The eukaryotic SRP consists of a 300-nucleotide 7S RNA and six proteins: SRPs 72, 68, 54, 19, 14, and 9. Archaeal SRP consists of a 7S RNA and homologues of the eukaryotic SRP19 and SRP54 proteins. Eukaryotic and archaeal 7S RNAs have very similar secondary structures.
In most bacteria, the SRP consists of an RNA molecule (4.5S) and the Ffh protein (a homologue of the eukaryotic SRP54 protein). Some Gram-positive bacteria (e.g. Bacillus subtilis) have a longer eukaryote-like SRP RNA that includes an Alu domain.
In eukaryotes and archaea, eight helical elements fold into the Alu and S doma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20mapping%20theorem | In mathematics, inverse mapping theorem may refer to:
the inverse function theorem on the existence of local inverses for functions with non-singular derivatives
the bounded inverse theorem on the boundedness of the inverse for invertible bounded linear operators on Banach spaces |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20shock%20factor | In molecular biology, heat shock factors (HSF), are the transcription factors that regulate the expression of the heat shock proteins. A typical example is the heat shock factor of Drosophila melanogaster.
Function
Heat shock factors (HSF) are transcriptional activators of heat shock genes. These activators bind specifically to Heat Shock sequence Elements (HSE) throughout the genome whose consensus-sequence is a tandem array of three oppositely oriented "AGAAN" motifs or a degenerate version thereof. Under non-stressed conditions, Drosophila HSF is a nuclear-localized unbound monomer, whereas heat shock activation results in trimerization and binding to the HSE. The Heat Shock sequence Element is highly conserved from yeast to humans.
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1) is the major regulator of heat shock protein transcription in eukaryotes. In the absence of cellular stress, HSF-1 is inhibited by association with heat shock proteins and is therefore not active. Cellular stresses, such as increased temperature, can cause proteins in the cell to misfold. Heat shock proteins bind to the misfolded proteins and dissociate from HSF-1. This allows HSF1 to form trimers and translocate to the cell nucleus and activate transcription. Its function is not only critical to overcome the proteotoxic effects of thermal stress, but also needed for proper animal development and the overall survival of cancer cells.
Structure
Each HSF monomer contains one C-terminal and three N-termina |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20active%20transformer | Distributed active transformer is a circuit topology that allows low-voltage transistors to be used to generate large amounts of RF (radio frequency) power. Its main use has been in making integrated CMOS power amplifier for wireless applications, such as GSM/GPRS cellular phones.
At the time it was introduced, the distributed active transformer performance improved more than an order of magnitude relative to the previous state of the art.
Output power of up to 2.2 Watt in S-band was demonstrated back in 2002, utilizing Distributed active transformer which combine the power of four differential power amplifiers.
References
External links
Thesis - Distributed Active Transformer for Integrated Power Amplification - Ichiro Aoki (2002) - California Institute of Technology
Aoki, I.; Kee, S.; Magoon, R.; Aparicio, R.; Bohn, F.; Zachan, J.; Hatcher, G.; McClymont, D.; Hajimiri, A.; "A Integrated Quad-Band GSM/GPRS CMOS Power Amplifier"; Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of; Dec. 2008
Aoki, I.; Kee, S.D.; Rutledge, D.B.; Hajimiri, A.; "Fully Integrated CMOS Power Amplifier Design Using the Distributed Active-Transformer Architecture"; Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of; Mar. 2002
Aoki, I.; Kee, S.D.; Rutledge, D.B.; Hajimiri, A.; "Distributed Active Transformer - A New Power-Combining and Impedance-Transformation Technique"; Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions in January 2002
Electronic circuits |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GATA%20transcription%20factor | GATA transcription factors are a family of transcription factors characterized by their ability to bind to the DNA sequence "GATA".
GATA transcription factors have been correlated to their broader influence on stem cell development. Findings however, have pointed to a more direct influence by GATA transcription factors, as they are salient components in the more concentrated regulation of gene expression. Data points to the roles GATA transcription factors play in stages past early development in endocrine organs.
Despite GATA’s influence on endocrine organs and cell development, they have a complex relation to the development and growth of breast cancer. Its immediate influence is not yet known, its high risk for mutation however, makes determining the immediate influence of paramount importance in battling breast cancer.
Some research that has been done on the GATA transcription factor for its role in the development of breast cancer suggest that a specific GATA transcription factor GATA3 can actually inhibit further growth of breast cancer cells. The complete mechanism in which this happens is still not clear. However, research has suggested that the GATA transcription factor creates an unfavorable chemical environment for the breast cancer tumor cells which inhibits the progression of these cells. One way that has been suggested is that the GATA transcription factor lowers the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the cell. This creates an unfavorable chemical envir |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JAG1 | Jagged1 (JAG1) is one of five cell surface proteins (ligands) that interact with four receptors in the mammalian Notch signaling pathway. The Notch Signaling Pathway is a highly conserved pathway that functions to establish and regulate cell fate decisions in many organ systems. Once the JAG1-NOTCH (receptor-ligand) interactions take place, a cascade of proteolytic cleavages is triggered resulting in activation of the transcription for downstream target genes. Located on human chromosome 20, the JAG1 gene is expressed in multiple organ systems in the body and causes the autosomal dominant disorder Alagille syndrome (ALGS) resulting from loss of function mutations within the gene. JAG1 has also been designated as CD339 (cluster of differentiation 339).
Structure and function
JAG1 was first identified as a ligand that was able to activate notch receptors when it was cloned in the mammalian rat in 1995. It is located at cytogenetic location 20p12.2 and genomic location (GRCh37) chr20:10,618,331-10,654,693 on the human chromosome 20. The structure of the JAG1 protein includes a small intracellular component, a transmembrane motif, proceeded by an extracellular region containing a cystine-rich region, 16 EGF-like repeats, a DSL domain, and finally a signal peptide totaling 1218 amino acids in length over 26 coding exons.
The JAG1 protein encoded by JAG1 is the human homolog of the Drosophila jagged protein. Human JAG1 is one of five ligands for receptors in the NOTCH signaling |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency%20microelectromechanical%20system | A radio-frequency microelectromechanical system (RF MEMS) is a microelectromechanical system with electronic components comprising moving sub-millimeter-sized parts that provide radio-frequency (RF) functionality. RF functionality can be implemented using a variety of RF technologies. Besides RF MEMS technology, III-V compound semiconductor (GaAs, GaN, InP, InSb), ferrite, ferroelectric, silicon-based semiconductor (RF CMOS, SiC and SiGe), and vacuum tube technology are available to the RF designer. Each of the RF technologies offers a distinct trade-off between cost, frequency, gain, large-scale integration, lifetime, linearity, noise figure, packaging, power handling, power consumption, reliability, ruggedness, size, supply voltage, switching time and weight.
Components
There are various types of RF MEMS components, such as CMOS integrable RF MEMS resonators and self-sustained oscillators with small form factor and low phase noise, RF MEMS tunable inductors, and RF MEMS switches, switched capacitors and varactors.
Switches, switched capacitors and varactors
The components discussed in this article are based on RF MEMS switches, switched capacitors and varactors. These components can be used instead of FET and HEMT switches (FET and HEMT transistors in common gate configuration), and PIN diodes. RF MEMS switches, switched capacitors and varactors are classified by actuation method (electrostatic, electrothermal, magnetostatic, piezoelectric), by axis of deflection (later |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCB11 | ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B member 11 also known as ABCB11 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene.
Function
The product of the ABCB11 gene is an ABC transporter named BSEP (bile salt export pump), or sPgp (sister of P-glycoprotein). This membrane-associated protein is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White).
This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Some members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance. This particular protein is responsible for the transport of taurocholate and other cholate conjugates from hepatocytes (liver cells) to the bile. In humans, the activity of this transporter is the major determinant of bile formation and bile flow.
Clinical significance
ABCB11 is a gene associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2). PFIC2 caused by mutations in the ABCB11 gene increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in early life.
Bile salts from the cytoplasm of hepatocytes are transported by the bile salt export pump (BSEP) into bile canaliculi. When bile salt export is deficient due to mutation in the ABCB11 gene, this can lead to interhepatic toxic accumulation of the bile salts. Individuals with such mutations have an increased incidence of hepatocellular carcino |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCB4 | The ATP-binding cassette 4 (ABCB4) gene encodes multidrug resistance protein 3. ABCB4 is associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. ABC proteins transport various molecules across extra- and intra-cellular membranes. ABC genes are divided into seven distinct subfamilies (ABC1, MDR/TAP, MRP, ALD, OABP, GCN20, White). This protein is a member of the MDR/TAP subfamily. Members of the MDR/TAP subfamily are involved in multidrug resistance as well as antigen presentation. This gene encodes a full transporter and member of the p-glycoprotein family of membrane proteins with phosphatidylcholine as its substrate (flippase activity). The function of this protein has not yet been determined; however, it may involve transport of phospholipids from liver hepatocytes into bile. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several products of undetermined function.
Cancer
ABCB4 gene has been observed progressively downregulated in human papillomavirus-positive neoplastic keratinocytes derived from uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions at different levels of malignancy. For this reason, ABCB4 is likely to be associated with tumorigenesis and may be a potential prognostic marker for uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions progression.
Other conditions that have been associated with mu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20E.%20Green | David Ezra Green (August 5, 1910 – July 8, 1983) was an American biochemist who made significant contributions to the study of enzymes, particularly the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Life and career
Green was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Jennie (Marrow) and Hyman Levy Green, a garment manufacturer. His parents were Jewish immigrants from Russia and Germany. He was awarded a degree in biology from New York University. He then moved to England and worked for eight years at the University of Cambridge under the supervision of Malcolm Dixon, on redox reactions in biological systems. He received his PhD under Dixon in 1934 with a thesis entitled The Application of Oxidation-Reduction Potentials to Biological Systems.
At the outbreak of the Second World War, Green moved back to America and established himself in a laboratory at Columbia University. Here he studied the metabolism of amino acids and the citric acid cycle. In 1948, Green moved to the University of Wisconsin–Madison and set up the Institute for Enzyme Research, making vital contributions to studies on oxidative phosphorylation, the electron transport chain and beta oxidation.
He was married to English-born Doris Cribb. He is the father of biochemist Rowena Green Matthews and grandfather of Wisconsin Senator Tammy Baldwin.
References
External links
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir
1910 births
1983 deaths
20th-century American biochemists
American people of German |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholipid-transporting%20ATPase%20IC | Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase IC is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP8B1 gene. This protein is associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 as well as benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis.
Function
This gene encodes a member of the P-type cation transport ATPase family and specifically belongs to the subfamily of aminophospholipid-transporting ATPases. This protein is highly expressed in the small intestine, stomach, pancreas, and prostate and is also found in cholangiocytes and the canalicular membranes of hepatocytes in the liver. The aminophospholipid translocases transport phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine from one side of a bilayer to another. Mutations in this gene may result in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 and in benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis. Exactly how mutations result in these diseases is not currently understood.
References
Further reading
External links
EC 7.6.2
Transmembrane proteins |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Lake%2C%20Saskatchewan | Crystal Lake (2016 population: ) is an organized hamlet within the Rural Municipality (RM) of Keys No. 303 in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is also recognized as part of a designated place by Statistics Canada. The organized hamlet (Crystal Lake part A) is on the majority of the shores of Crystal Lake, west of Highway 9 and approximately north of the City of Yorkton. The second part of the designated place (Crystal Lake part B) is on the balance of the shores of Crystal Lake within the adjacent RM of Buchanan No. 304.
Demographics
Organized Hamlet of Crystal Lake (Crystal Lake part A)
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Crystal Lake part A had a population of 115 living in 54 of its 142 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 61. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Crystal Lake part B
Also in the 2021 Census of Population, Crystal Lake part B had a population of 56 living in 24 of its 82 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 31. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
References
External links
Designated places in Saskatchewan
Division No. 9, Saskatchewan
Keys No. 303, Saskatchewan
Organized hamlets in Saskatchewan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butter%20dish | A butter dish is defined as "a usually round or rectangular dish often with a drainer and a cover for holding butter at table". Before refrigerators existed, a covered dish made of crystal, silver, or china housed the butter. The first butter dish was made by Simpson, Hall, Miller, and Co. around 1880 in Connecticut, out of silver. These butter dishes were made to hold the traditional round shape of butter at the time and came with an "ice chamber" to keep the butter cold. Another type of butter dish, a French butter dish, keeps butter fresh by using water to keep the butter away from the air, thereby keeping it fresh. The water is placed into the base of the dish and the butter is put into a bell-shaped lid, creating an air seal.
References
Serving and dining |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minichromosome%20maintenance | The minichromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM) is a DNA helicase essential for genomic DNA replication. Eukaryotic MCM consists of six gene products, Mcm2–7, which form a heterohexamer. As a critical protein for cell division, MCM is also the target of various checkpoint pathways, such as the S-phase entry and S-phase arrest checkpoints. Both the loading and activation of MCM helicase are strictly regulated and are coupled to cell growth cycles. Deregulation of MCM function has been linked to genomic instability and a variety of carcinomas.
History and structure
The minichromosome maintenance proteins were named after a yeast genetics screen for mutants defective in the regulation of DNA replication initiation. The rationale behind this screen was that if replication origins were regulated in a manner analogous to transcription promoters, where transcriptional regulators showed promoter specificity, then replication regulators should also show origin specificity. Since eukaryotic chromosomes contain multiple replication origins and the plasmids contain only one, a slight defect in these regulators would have a dramatic effect on the replication of plasmids but little effect on chromosomes. In this screen, mutants conditional for plasmid loss were identified. In a secondary screen, these conditional mutants were selected for defects in plasmid maintenance against a collection of plasmids each carrying a different origin sequence. Two classes of mcm mutants were id |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQY | MQY or mqy may refer to:
MQY, the IATA and FAA LID code for Smyrna Airport (Tennessee), Tennessee, United States
mqy, the ISO 639-3 code for Manggarai language, Indonesia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Waters%20%28album%29 | Crystal Waters is the third studio album by singer-songwriter Crystal Waters, released on June 24, 1997, by Mercury Records/Polygram. It includes her third pop crossover hit, "Say... If You Feel Alright", produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. "Just a Freak" featuring Dennis Rodman was a club hit, and while not issued as a single, "Spin Me" (with background vocals by Karla Brown) which contains an interpolation of the Dead or Alive Hi-NRG classic, "You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)", is well known for having been featured on several Crystal Waters compilations. The album has sold over 100,000 copies worldwide.
Track listing
"Momma Told Me" (C. Waters, T. Douglas, J. Steinhour, G. Hudgins, A. Blast) – 6:16
"Love I Found" (C. Waters, T. Douglas, J. Steinhour, G. Hudgins, L. Dorsey) – 5:56
"On My Mind" (C. Waters, T. Douglas, Maurice White, Al McKay, Alice Willis) – 5:10
"Uptown" (Prince) – 3:53
"Say... If You Feel Alright" (J. Harris III, T. Lewis, C. Waters, M. White, A. McKay, A. Willis) – 3:56
"Easy" (C. Waters, T. Douglas, J. Steinhour, I. Madden) – 5:36
"Female Intuition" (C. Waters, R. Nowels, B. Steinberg, G. Black) – 4:52
"Let Go My Love" (C. Waters, T. Douglas, J. Steinhour, G. Hudgins) – 5:24
"Just a Freak" (featuring Dennis Rodman, (C. Waters, R. Payton, D. Smith) – 4:12
"Body Music" (C. Waters, D. Austin) – 4:43
"Spin Me" (C. Waters, P. Burns, S. McCoy, M. Percy, T. Lever) – 4:53
"Passion" (C. Waters, T. Douglas, J. Steinhour) – 5:44
"Who Taught You How" (C. Wate |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendropsophus%20pelidna | Dendropsophus pelidna is a species of frog in the family Hylidae.
It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, plantations, rural gardens, heavily degraded former forest, and ponds.
References
pelidna
Amphibians of the Andes
Amphibians of Colombia
Amphibians of Venezuela
Amphibians described in 1989
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angioid%20streaks | Angioid streaks, also called Knapp streaks or Knapp striae, are small breaks in Bruch's membrane, an elastic tissue containing membrane of the retina that may become calcified and crack. Up to 50% of angioid streak cases are idiopathic. It may occur secondary to blunt trauma, or it may be associated with many systemic diseases. The condition is usually asymptomatic, but decrease in vision may occur due to choroidal neovascularization.
Clinical features
Angioid streaks are often associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum, but have been found to occur in conjunction with other disorders, including Paget's disease, sickle cell disease and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. These streaks can have a negative impact on vision due to choroidal neovascularization or choroidal rupture. Also, vision can be impaired if the streaks progress to the fovea and damage the retinal pigment epithelium.
Signs
Retinal fundus examination may reveal grey or dark red spoke like lesions around optic disk and radiating outward from peripapillary area. Peau d'orange (orange skin), also known as leopard skin pattern may be seen in association with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Optic disc drusen may also seen.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is mainly clinical, however fundus fluorescein angiography shows that the streaks appear hyperfluorescent (window defect) in the early phase. Indocyanine green angiography can also be used for diagnosing angioid streaks and their associated ocular pathologies.
Management
Management of an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20polo%20at%20the%202007%20Pan%20American%20Games | The Water Polo Tournament at the 2007 Pan American Games was won by the United States men's and women's teams.
Men's competition
Group A
Group B
Semifinals
Classification 5-8
Finals
Classification 7-8
Classification 5-6
Bronze medal match
Gold Medal match
Final classification
Women's competition
Preliminary round
Semifinals
Finals
Classification 5-6
Bronze medal match
Gold Medal match
Final classification
P
2007
Events at the 2007 Pan American Games
2007 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numonyx | Numonyx was a semiconductor company making flash memories, which was founded on March 31, 2008, by Intel Corporation, STMicroelectronics and Francisco Partners. It was acquired by Micron Technology on February 9, 2010, for US$1.27 billion.
Numonyx was created from the key assets of businesses that in 2006, generated approximately $3.6 billion in combined annual revenue. The company supplies non-volatile memory for a variety of consumer and industrial devices including cellular phones, MP3 players, digital cameras, computers and other high-tech equipment.
Officers
Numonyx was managed by Brian Harrison, CEO of Numonyx and former vice president and general manager of Intel's Flash Memory Group, Mario Licciardello, COO of Numonyx and former corporate vice president and general manager of STMicroelectronics’ Flash Memories Group. Edward Doller, former CTO of Intel's memory group, was their Chief Technology Officer.
Location
Numonyx was headquartered in Rolle, Switzerland, and had sales, manufacturing and R&D facilities around the world.
References
External links
Main Corporate - former company website (redirects to Micron Technology, Inc.)
Numonyx Acquisition Information - Micron Technology, Inc.
Defunct semiconductor companies
Electronics companies established in 2008
Rolle
Semiconductor companies of Switzerland
2010 mergers and acquisitions
Micron Technology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20B.%20Kornberg | Thomas Bill Kornberg is an American biochemist who was the first person to purify and characterise DNA polymerase II and DNA polymerase III. He is currently a professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the University of California, San Francisco, and is working on Drosophila melanogaster development.
Kornberg's father was Arthur Kornberg (1918–2007), winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Medicine, and his older brother is Roger D. Kornberg (born 1947), winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. His mother was biochemist Sylvy Kornberg.
References
Bibliography
External links
Thomas Kornberg and Emanuel Ax: Scientist and Musician- Beethoven’s Cello Sonata No. 3 in A major, 1st movement
1948 births
Living people
American biochemists
Jewish American scientists
University of California, San Francisco faculty
Scientists from St. Louis
Columbia College (New York) alumni
21st-century American Jews |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IM%20Flash%20Technologies | IM Flash Technologies, LLC was the semiconductor company founded in January 2006, by Intel Corporation and Micron Technology, Inc. IM Flash produced 3D XPoint used in data centers and high end computers. It had a 300mm wafer fab in Lehi, Utah, United States.
It built a second 300mm wafer fab, IM Flash Singapore, which opened in April 2011. IM Flash took the leading edge in NAND flash scaling by moving to 34 nm design rules in 2008. IM Flash has been able to devise 25-nm NAND chips with 193-nm immersion lithography, plus self-aligned double-patterning (SADP) techniques, where it is widely believed that it is using scanners from ASML Holdings NV and SADP technology. In 2011 IM Flash moved to a 20 nm process– which was the smallest NAND flash technology at the time.
On July 16, 2018, Micron and Intel announced that they would cease joint development of 3D XPoint after the 2nd generation technology is finalized, which is expected to be completed in the first half of 2019. Technology development beyond the 2nd generation will be pursued independently by the two companies in order to optimize the technology for their respective product and business needs. The two companies will continue to manufacture memory based on 3D XPoint technology at the Intel-Micron Flash Technologies (IMFT) facility in Lehi, Utah.
On October 18, 2018, Micron announced their intention to exercise its right to call the remaining interest in the parties' joint venture, IM Flash Technologies, LLC. Micron is |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleutherna | Eleutherna (), also called Apollonia
(), was an ancient city-state in Crete, Greece, which lies 25 km southeast of Rethymno in Rethymno regional unit. Archaeologists excavated the site, located on a narrow northern spur of Mount Ida, the highest mountain in Crete. The site is about 1 km south of modern town of Eleftherna, about 8 km north east of Moni Arkadiou, in the current municipality of Rethymno. It flourished from the Dark Ages of Greece’s early history until Byzantine times.
History
In the systematic Eleutherna project, a team of archaeologists from the University of Crete led by Prof. N. Stampolidis has been in charge since 1984. Surveys and systematic excavations have revealed the city's settlement patterns, sanctuaries and necropoleis in Orthi Petra, even stone quarries in the surroundings of the Prines hill. The discovery of the remains of four females in Orthi Petra was declared one of top 10 discoveries of 2009 by the Archaeological Institute of America.Anagnostis Agelarakis was instrumental in helping to identify an Iron Age matriline—a so-called “dynasty of priestesses” — at the site, based on the dental epigenetic traits of the individuals buried there. The Museum of Ancient Eleutherna, directly linked to the archaeological site, was inaugurated in June 2016.
During the ninth century BC, in sub-Mycenaean times, in the Geometric Period of the later Greek Dark Ages, Dorians colonized the city on a steep, naturally fortified ridge. The city's location made |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Path-based%20strong%20component%20algorithm | In graph theory, the strongly connected components of a directed graph may be found using an algorithm that uses depth-first search in combination with two stacks, one to keep track of the vertices in the current component and the second to keep track of the current search path. Versions of this algorithm have been proposed by , , , , and ; of these, Dijkstra's version was the first to achieve linear time.
Description
The algorithm performs a depth-first search of the given graph G, maintaining as it does two stacks S and P (in addition to the normal call stack for a recursive function).
Stack S contains all the vertices that have not yet been assigned to a strongly connected component, in the order in which the depth-first search reaches the vertices.
Stack P contains vertices that have not yet been determined to belong to different strongly connected components from each other. It also uses a counter C of the number of vertices reached so far, which it uses to compute the preorder numbers of the vertices.
When the depth-first search reaches a vertex v, the algorithm performs the following steps:
Set the preorder number of v to C, and increment C.
Push v onto S and also onto P.
For each edge from v to a neighboring vertex w:
If the preorder number of w has not yet been assigned (the edge is a tree edge), recursively search w;
Otherwise, if w has not yet been assigned to a strongly connected component (the edge is a forward/back/cross edge):
Repeatedly pop vertices from P |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliinase | In enzymology, an alliin lyase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
an S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide an alkyl sulfenate + 2-aminoacrylate
Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide, and two products, alkyl sulfenate and 2-aminoacrylate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the class of carbon-sulfur lyases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-alkyl-L-cysteine S-oxide alkyl-sulfenate-lyase (2-aminoacrylate-forming). Other names in common use include alliinase, cysteine sulfoxide lyase, alkylcysteine sulfoxide lyase, S-alkylcysteine sulfoxide lyase, L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase, S-alkyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide lyase, and alliin alkyl-sulfenate-lyase. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate.
Many alliinases contain a novel N-terminal epidermal growth factor-like domain (EGF-like domain).
Occurrence
These enzymes are found in plants of the genus Allium, such as garlic and onions. Alliinase is responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions that produce the volatile chemicals that give these foods their flavors, odors, and tear-inducing properties. Alliinases are part of the plant's defense against herbivores. Alliinase is normally sequestered within a plant cell, but, when the plant is damaged by a feeding animal, the alliinase is released to catalyze the production of the pungent chemicals. This tends to have a deterrent effect on the animal. The same reaction occurs when onion or garlic is cut with a knife |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arphy | Arphy (; ) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France.
Geography
Climate
Arphy has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) closely bordering on a warm-summer Mediterranean climate (Csb). The average annual temperature in Arphy is . The average annual rainfall is with October as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Arphy was on 28 June 2019; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 12 February 2012.
Population
See also
Communes of the Gard department
References
Communes of Gard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Review%20of%20Cell%20and%20Molecular%20Biology | The International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology is a scientific book series that publishes articles on plant and animal cell biology. Until 2008 it was known as the International Review of Cytology.
References
Molecular and cellular biology journals
English-language journals
Elsevier academic journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptopelis%20crystallinoron | Leptopelis crystallinoron is a species of frog in the family Arthroleptidae. It is endemic to Gabon and only known from the area its type locality near the Barrage de Tchimbélé in the central Monts de Cristal (Crystal Mountains). Only one specimen was known until five specimens were captured in the Crystal Mountains National Park in 2009. It is probable that this species is endemic to the Monts de Cristal and that its range extends into Equatorial Guinea.
Description
The only known specimen (holotype) is an adult female measuring in snout–vent length. The body is robust. The snout is truncate in dorsal view and rounded laterally. No tympanum is present. Skin is granular throughout. All fingers and toes bear discs, have lateral fringes, and are webbed (toes have more webbing than fingers). Colouration is brilliantly green dorsally and creamy white ventrally. There are few diffused tan–dark brown markings on the back, outer extremities, and around the cloacal region. The outer parts of the limbs are whitish. The flanks have white spots in the lower parts. The iris is bronze and has a black ring around it.
Habitat and conservation
The holotype was collected in an altered but good standing forest at above sea level, away from open water sources. The specimen was active during the night at above the ground.
The type locality falls within the Crystal Mountains National Park. There are no known threats to this species. Two of the five specimens captured in 2009 tested positive |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anscombe%20transform | In statistics, the Anscombe transform, named after Francis Anscombe, is a variance-stabilizing transformation that transforms a random variable with a Poisson distribution into one with an approximately standard Gaussian distribution. The Anscombe transform is widely used in photon-limited imaging (astronomy, X-ray) where images naturally follow the Poisson law. The Anscombe transform is usually used to pre-process the data in order to make the standard deviation approximately constant. Then denoising algorithms designed for the framework of additive white Gaussian noise are used; the final estimate is then obtained by applying an inverse Anscombe transformation to the denoised data.
Definition
For the Poisson distribution the mean and variance are not independent: . The Anscombe transform
aims at transforming the data so that the variance is set approximately 1 for large enough mean; for mean zero, the variance is still zero.
It transforms Poissonian data (with mean ) to approximately Gaussian data of mean
and standard deviation .
This approximation gets more accurate for larger , as can be also seen in the figure.
For a transformed variable of the form , the expression for the variance has an additional term ; it is reduced to zero at , which is exactly the reason why this value was picked.
Inversion
When the Anscombe transform is used in denoising (i.e. when the goal is to obtain from an estimate of ), its inverse transform is also needed
in order to return |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-cadherin | T-cadherin, also known as cadherin 13, H-cadherin (heart), and CDH13, is a unique member of the cadherin superfamily of proteins because it lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains common to all other cadherins and is instead anchored to the cell's plasma membrane by the GPI anchor.
Unlike classical cadherins, which are necessary for cell–cell adhesion, dynamic regulation of morphogenetic processes in embryos, and tissue integrity in adult organisms, and function as membrane receptors mediating signals received from the extracellular space, activate small GTPases and the beta-catenin/Wnt pathway, and play important roles in dynamic cytoskeleton reorganization, the GPI-anchored T-cadherin lacks direct contact with the cytoskeleton and therefore is not involved in cell–cell adhesion. It is instead involved in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) hormone-like effects on Ca2+ mobilization and increased cell migration as well as phenotypic changes. The exact signaling partners and adaptor proteins recognized by T-cadherin remain to be elucidated.
Mediation of intracellular signaling in vascular cells
Though T-cadherin can mediate weak adhesion in aggregation assays in vitro, the lack of intracellular domain suggests that T-cadherin is not involved in stable cell-cell adhesion. In vivo T-cadherin was detected on the apical cell surface of the chick intestinal epithelium. In cultures of transfected MDCS cells, T-cadherin was also expressed apically, whereas N-cadherin located baso |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prokaryotic%20small%20ribosomal%20subunit | The prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit, or 30S subunit, is the smaller subunit of the 70S ribosome found in prokaryotes. It is a complex of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 19 proteins. This complex is implicated in the binding of transfer RNA to messenger RNA (mRNA). The small subunit is responsible for the binding and the reading of the mRNA during translation. The small subunit, both the rRNA and its proteins, complexes with the large 50S subunit to form the 70S prokaryotic ribosome in prokaryotic cells. This 70S ribosome is then used to translate mRNA into proteins.
Function
The 30S subunit is an integral part of mRNA translation. It binds three prokaryotic initiation factors: IF-1, IF-2, and IF-3.
A portion of the 30S subunit (the 16S rRNA) guides the initiating start codon (5′)-AUG-(3′) of mRNA into position by recognizing the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, a complementary binding site about 8 base pairs upstream from the start codon. This ensures the ribosome starts translation at the correct location. The tightness of the bonding between the Shine-Dalgarno sequence on the mRNA and the 16S rRNA determines how efficiently translation proceeds. Once the 16S rRNA recognizes the mRNA start codon, a special transfer RNA, f-Met-tRNA, binds and protein translation begins. The binding site of the f-Met-tRNA on the 30S ribosomal subunit is called the "D-site" This step is required in order for protein synthesis to occur. Then the large ribosomal subunit will bind and protein syn |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panicum%20mosaic%20virus | Panicum mosaic virus (PMV) is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA viral pathogen that infects plant species in the panicoid tribe of the grass family, Poaceae. The pathogen was first identified in Kansas in 1953 and most commonly causes disease on select cultivars of turf grass, switchgrass, and millet. The disease most commonly associated with the panicum mosaic virus pathogen is St. Augustine Decline Syndrome, which infects species of turf grass and causes chlorotic mottling. In addition to St. Augustine Decline, panicum mosaic virus is responsible for chlorotic streaking and mild green mosaicking in select cultivars of switchgrass and millet.
History
PMV was first observed in Kansas in 1953. It was originally noted to infect switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), and was observed infecting St. Augustine grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) in Texas in 1966. The strain specific to St. Augustine grass has since been observed in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi and South Carolina in the United States, as well as in Mexico. Other strains have been identified infecting centipedegrass (Eremochloa ophiuroides). Foxtail millet (Setaria italica), white proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) have also been used to propagate PMV and panicum mosaic satellite virus (SPMV), and mechanical transmission can occur to maize and some cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum).
Classification
Panicum mosaic virus is assigned to the genus Panicovirus, a member of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphenicol | Amphenicols are a class of antibiotics with a phenylpropanoid structure. They function by blocking the enzyme peptidyl transferase on the 50S ribosome subunit of bacteria.
Examples of amphenicols include chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, azidamfenicol, and florfenicol. The first-in-class compound was chloramphenicol, introduced in 1949. Chloramphenicol was initially discovered as a natural product and isolated from the soil bacteria Steptomyces venezuelae; however, all amphenicols are now made by chemical synthesis.
References |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut%20stunt%20virus | Peanut stunt virus (PSV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the family Bromoviridae. It is a member of the genus Cucumovirus. The members of this genus are positive-stranded RNA viruses with a multipartite genome (3-4 parts). The virus particles have an isometric or spherical shape.
Distribution and host range
PSV was first named as a new disease of groundnuts or peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea ) in 1966. Disease symptoms on the above ground parts of the peanut plants were described as severe dwarfing or stunting – hence the name Peanut stunt virus. Fruit production was also severely reduced. Virginia peanut fields, where this disease was first observed in 1964, had yield reductions of 10-50%.
Severe stunting of peanuts had also been observed in North Carolina in 1964. The peanut disease in N. Carolina was reported to be caused by the PSV in 1967. The later report also stated that this virus caused disease in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and in white clover (Trifolium repens).
After its first description, PSV was quickly diagnosed in beans in Washington State, white clover in South Carolina, peanuts, beans and white clover in Georgia, peanuts in Alabama, and white clover in Florida. Strains of PSV have now been identified in Africa (Morocco), Europe (France, Poland, Russia, and Spain) and Asia (India, Japan, Korea and China ) as well as in the United States.
PSV is an economically important pathogen of plants in the family Leguminosae. In addition to beans, peanuts, and clover (7 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociological%20classifications%20of%20religious%20movements | Various sociological classifications of religious movements have been proposed by scholars. In the sociology of religion, the most widely used classification is the church-sect typology. The typology is differently construed by different sociologists, and various distinctive features have been proposed to characterise churches and sects. On most accounts, the following features are deemed relevant:
The church is a compulsory organisations into which people are born, while the sect is a voluntary organisation to which people usually convert.
The church is an inclusive organisations to which all kinds of people may belong, while the sect is an exclusive organisation of religiously qualified people.
The church is an established organisation that is well integrated into the larger society and usually inclined to seek for an alliance with the political power, while the sect is a splinter group from a larger religion: it is often in tension with current societal values, rejects any compromise with the secular order and tends to be composed of underprivileged people.
The church exhibits complex hierarchical bureaucratic structures, while the sect is a smaller, democratic and relatively informal organisation.
The ministers of a church are formally trained, educated and ordained, while the sect rejects sharp distinctions between clergy and laity, and is often ruled by charismatic leaders.
In theology and liturgy the church is inclined to dogmatism, traditionalism and ritualism, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talbot%20cavity | A Talbot cavity is an external cavity used for the coherent beam combination of output from laser sets.
It has been used experimentally for semiconductor laser diodes, carbon dioxide lasers, fiber lasers and solid-state disk lasers arranged in an array. In the simplest version, it is constructed with a single mirror at half the Talbot distance from the output facet of the laser array:
where is the period of the laser lattice and is the wavelength of laser emission. The constructive interference images the near field of the array back onto the array itself at the Talbot distance, creating optical feedback. This interference feedback forces the lasers in the array to transverse mode lock. The Fresnel number of the element laser array phase-locked by Talbot cavity is given by:
Talbot beam combination is highly sensitive to transverse phase distortions even at scale.
Theory developed for Talbot cavities facilitated the development of thin disk diode-pumped solid-state laser arrays.
References
In-phase coherent coupling of tapered lasers in an external Talbot cavity
Semiconductor laser array in an external Talbot cavity
Laser science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von%20Neumann%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, von Neumann's theorem is a result in the operator theory of linear operators on Hilbert spaces.
Statement of the theorem
Let and be Hilbert spaces, and let be an unbounded operator from into Suppose that is a closed operator and that is densely defined, that is, is dense in Let denote the adjoint of Then is also densely defined, and it is self-adjoint. That is,
and the operators on the right- and left-hand sides have the same dense domain in
References
Operator theory
Theorems in functional analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallum | Wallum, or wallum country, is an Australian ecosystem of coastal south-east Queensland, extending into north-eastern New South Wales. It is characterised by flora-rich shrubland and heathland on deep, nutrient-poor, acidic, sandy soils, and regular wildfire. Seasonal changes in the water table due to rainfall may create swamps. The name is derived from the Kabi word for the wallum banksia (Banksia aemula).
Threats
Wallum, as with other coastal ecosystems, is highly threatened by the pressure for coastal development. Threats include clearing of land for residential development and pine plantations, alterations to drainage from adjacent developments, nutrients from fertilizers, changes in fire frequency, pollution from mosquito control sprays, and the introduction of weeds.
Species endemic to wallum include some acid frogs – frogs adapted to living and breeding in acidic waters – such as the wallum froglet (Crinia tinnula), wallum rocket frog (Litoria freycineti), and the wallum sedge frog (Litoria olongburensis). In Queensland, the eastern ground parrot appears to be largely restricted to the wallum.
References
Coastal lowlands vegetation factsheet PDF downloaded 23 July 2007
Wallum Worries - Gardening Australia factsheet PDF downloaded 23 July 2007
External links
Coloola Coastcare – What’s Wallum?
Wallum Heathland ecology
Eastern Australian temperate forests
Habitats |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIPTA | The Society for Imprecise Probability: Theories and Applications (SIPTA) was created in February 2002, with the aim of promoting the research on Imprecise probability. This is done through a series of activities for bringing together researchers from different groups, creating resources for information dissemination and documentation, and making other people aware of the potential of Imprecise Probability models.
Background
The Society was originally created to manage the series of International Symposia on Imprecise
Probabilities and Their Applications (ISIPTA). The first ISIPTA happened in 1999 in Ghent, Belgium;
due to the success of the event, a second edition took place in Cornell, United States, in 2001.
The Society was then created in Switzerland,
during the year of 2002. The first general meeting of the Society happened during the third ISIPTA,
in Lugano, Switzerland.
The Society is now concerned with many activities around the theme of imprecise probabilities.
Imprecise probability is understood in a very wide sense. It is used as a generic term to cover all mathematical models which measure chance or uncertainty without sharp numerical probabilities. It includes both qualitative (comparative probability, partial preference orderings,...) and quantitative models (interval probabilities, belief functions, upper and lower previsions,...). Imprecise probability models are needed in inference problems where the relevant information is scarce, vague or conflicting, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochlospermum | Cochlospermum is a genus of trees in the Bixaceae family; some classifications place this genus in the family Cochlospermaceae. It is native to tropical regions of the world, particularly Latin America, Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, and Australia.
Some species of Cochlospermum (C. tinctorium) have been used as a yellow dyestuff on leather products and fabrics.
Species
Species include:
Cochlospermum angolense Welw. ex Oliv. - Angola, Zaïre
Cochlospermum fraseri Planch. - Western Australia, Northern Territory
Cochlospermum gillivraei Benth. - Northern Territory, Queensland, Papua New Guinea
Cochlospermum intermedium Mildbr - Central African Republic
Cochlospermum noldei Poppend. - Angola
Cochlospermum orinocense (Kunth) Steud. - Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, Brazil, Peru
Cochlospermum planchonii Hook.f. ex Planch. - tropical Africa from Sierra Leone to Sudan
Cochlospermum regium (Schrank) Pilg. - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
Cochlospermum religiosum (L.) Alston - India, Sri Lanka, Western Himalayas, Myanmar; naturalized in Cambodia, Java, Bali, Peninsular Malaysia
Cochlospermum tetraporum Hallier - Bolivia, Paraguay, northwestern Argentina
Cochlospermum tinctorium Perrier ex A.Rich. - tropical Africa from Sierra Leone to Uganda
Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd.) Spreng. - Mexico, Cuba, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas, Peru, Ecuador, Brazil; naturalized in Trinidad, Lesser Antilles, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Bahamas
Cochlospermum wittei Robyns - Zaïre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-level%20cell | In electronics, a multi-level cell (MLC) is a memory cell capable of storing more than a single bit of information, compared to a single-level cell (SLC), which can store only one bit per memory cell. A memory cell typically consists of a single floating-gate MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor), thus multi-level cells reduce the number of MOSFETs required to store the same amount of data as single-level cells.
Triple-level cells (TLC) and quad-level cells (QLC) are versions of MLC memory, which can store three and four bits per cell respectively. The name "multi-level cell" is sometimes used specifically to refer to the "two-level cell". Overall, the memories are named as follows:
Single-level cell or SLC (1 bit per cell)
Multi-level cell or MLC (2 bits per cell), alternatively double-level cell or DLC
Triple-level cell or TLC (3 bits per cell) or 3-Bit MLC
Quad-level cell or QLC (4 bits per cell)
Penta-level cell or PLC (5 bits per cell) – currently in development
Notice that this nomenclature can be misleading, since an "n-level cell" in fact uses 2n levels of charge to store n bits (see below).
Typically, as the "level" count increases, performance (speed and reliability) and consumer cost decrease; however, this correlation can vary between manufacturers.
Examples of MLC memories are MLC NAND flash, MLC PCM (phase-change memory), etc. For example, in SLC NAND flash technology, each cell can exist in one of the two states, storing one bit of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Hannover%2096%20records%20and%20statistics | This is a list of records set by the football team Hannover 96.
Team records
Biggest home win: 13–1 v Rasen SV Hildesheim 06 (1933–34 Gauliga Niedersachsen)
Biggest home win (Bundesliga): 6–0 v Borussia Neunkirchen (18 September 1965)
Biggest home win (DFB Cup): 8–1 v Borussia Hannover (29 August 1980)
Biggest away win: 7–2 v VfB Oldenburg (2. Bundesliga; 30 May 1981)
Biggest away win (Bundesliga):
5–1 v SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin (2 October 1965)
5–1 v Kickers Offenbach (27 February 1971)
Biggest away win (DFB Cup): 7-0 v Marathon 1902 Berlin (1 August 1991)
Biggest home defeat: 0–10 v FC St. Pauli (1947–48 Oberliga Nord)
Biggest home defeat (Bundesliga):
0–5 v FC Bayern Munich (1 February 1986)
0–5 v KFC Uerdingen 05 (12 November 1988)
0–5 v VfL Wolfsburg (16 May 2009)
Biggest home defeat (DFB Cup): 0–4 v SV Darmstadt 98 (27 August 1982)
Biggest away defeat (Bundesliga):
0–7 v VfB Stuttgart (8 February 1986)
0–7 v FC Bayern Munich (18 April 2010)
Biggest away defeat (DFB Cup): 1–5 v SV Waldhof Mannheim (12 November 1985)
Most league goals (season): 120 (1997–98 Regionalliga Nord)
Most points:
Two points for a win: 56 (1980–81 2. Bundesliga, 1986–87 2. Bundesliga)
Three points for a win: 89 (1997–98 Regionalliga Nord)
Appearances
Most league appearances: Jörg Sievers - 384 (1989–2003)
Most appearances (all games): Peter Anders - 458 (1966–1981)
Most Bundesliga appearances: Steven Cherundolo - 300 (1999–2014)
Most international appearances while at c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godsmack%20discography | Godsmack is an American rock band founded in 1995 by singer Sully Erna and bassist Robbie Merrill. The band has released eight studio albums, one EP, two compilations, three video albums, and thirty-four singles. Erna and Merrill recruited local friend and guitarist Lee Richards and drummer Tommy Stewart to complete the band's lineup. In 1996, Tony Rombola replaced Richards, as the band's guitarist. In 1998, Godsmack released their self-titled debut album, a remastered version of the band's self-released debut, All Wound Up.... The album was distributed by Universal/Republic Records and shipped four million copies in the United States. In 2001, the band contributed the track "Why" to the Any Given Sunday soundtrack. After two years of touring, the band released Awake. Although the album was a commercial success, it failed to match the sales of Godsmack. In 2002, Stewart left the band due to personal differences, and was replaced by Shannon Larkin.
The band's third album, Faceless (2003), debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200. In 2004, Godsmack released an acoustic-based EP titled The Other Side. The EP debuted at number five on the Billboard 200 and was certified gold by the RIAA. The band contributed the track "Bring It On" to the Madden 2006 football game in 2005; this track is not featured on any known album or compilation. The band released its fourth studio album, IV, in 2006. IV was the band's second release to debut at number one, and has since been certified |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schier | Schier or Šír is a European-origin surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander F. Schier (born 1964), Swiss cell biologist
František Šír (1914-?), Czech rower
Jaroslav Šír (born 1923), Czech skier
Ruth Eisemann-Schier (born 1942), Honduran criminal
Steven E. Schier (born 1952), political scientist
Val Schier (born 1950), Australian mayor
Vladislav Schier or Vladislav Šír (1830–1889), Czech physician and naturalist
Places
Schiermonnikoog |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clang | Clang () is a compiler front end for the C, C++, Objective-C, and Objective-C++ programming languages, as well as the OpenMP, OpenCL, RenderScript, CUDA, SYCL, and HIP frameworks. It acts as a drop-in replacement for the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), supporting most of its compilation flags and unofficial language extensions. It includes a static analyzer, and several code analysis tools.
Clang operates in tandem with the LLVM compiler back end and has been a subproject of LLVM 2.6 and later. As with LLVM, it is free and open-source software under the Apache License 2.0 software license. Its contributors include Apple, Microsoft, Google, ARM, Sony, Intel, and AMD.
Clang 17, the latest major version of Clang as of October 2023, has full support for all published C++ standards up to C++17, implements most features of C++20, and has initial support for the upcoming C++23 standard. Since v16.0.0, Clang compiles C++ using the GNU++17 dialect by default, which includes features from the C++17 standard and conforming GNU extensions.
Background
Starting in 2005, Apple Inc. began extensive use of LLVM in several commercial products, including the iOS SDK and Xcode 3.1. One of the first uses of LLVM was an OpenGL code compiler for OS X that converts OpenGL calls into more fundamental calls for graphics processing units (GPU) that do not support certain features. This allowed Apple to support OpenGL on computers using Intel GMA chipsets, increasing performance on those machines.
T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LZ2 | LZ2 may refer to the following:
Zeppelin LZ2, an early model of a type of rigid airship
LZ2 (algorithm), a lossless data compression algorithm
Led Zeppelin II, the second album by the band Led Zeppelin
LZ2 (Lanzarote), a road in the Canary Islands
Landing Zone 2, SpaceX landing pad on the Space Coast, Florida, USA
Panasonic Lumix DMC-LZ2, a digital camera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurexin | Neurexins (NRXN) are a family of presynaptic cell adhesion proteins that have roles in connecting neurons at the synapse. They are located mostly on the presynaptic membrane and contain a single transmembrane domain. The extracellular domain interacts with proteins in the synaptic cleft, most notably neuroligin, while the intracellular cytoplasmic portion interacts with proteins associated with exocytosis. Neurexin and neuroligin "shake hands," resulting in the connection between the two neurons and the production of a synapse. Neurexins mediate signaling across the synapse, and influence the properties of neural networks by synapse specificity. Neurexins were discovered as receptors for α-latrotoxin, a vertebrate-specific toxin in black widow spider venom that binds to presynaptic receptors and induces massive neurotransmitter release. In humans, alterations in genes encoding neurexins are implicated in autism and other cognitive diseases, such as Tourette syndrome and schizophrenia.
Structure
In mammals, neurexin is encoded by three different genes (NRXN1, NRXN2, and NRXN3) each controlled by two different promoters, an upstream alpha (α) and a downstream beta (β), resulting in alpha-neurexins 1-3 (α-neurexins 1–3) and beta-neurexins 1-3 (β-neurexins 1–3). In addition, there are alternative splicing at 5 sites in α-neurexin and 2 in β-neurexin; more than 2000 splice variants are possible, suggesting its role in determining synapse specificity.
The encoded proteins are |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexin | Complexin (also known as synaphin) refers to a one of a small set of eukaryotic cytoplasmic neuronal proteins which binds to the SNARE protein complex (SNAREpin) with a high affinity. These are called synaphin 1 and 2. In the presence of Ca2+, the transport vesicle protein synaptotagmin displaces complexin, allowing the SNARE protein complex to bind the transport vesicle to the presynaptic membrane.
Complexin acts as both an inhibitor and a facilitator of synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release. In one conformation, it clamps SNAREpin complexes, preventing vesicle fusion, while in a different conformation it releases the SNAREpins, allowing synaptotagmin to trigger fusion.
Whereas complexin is not necessary for synaptic vesicle exocytosis, it does increase neurotransmitter release by 60–70% as demonstrated by complexin gene knockout in mice. A number of human neurological diseases have been linked to a deficiency of complexin.
Synaphin can promote exocytosis by promoting interaction between the complementary syntaxin and synaptobrevin transmembrane regions that reside in opposing membranes prior to fusion.
Structure and Binding
Complexin is a small highly charged cytosolic protein that is hydrophilic, rich in glutamic acid and lysine residues. Complexin's central region (amino acids 48–70) binds to the SNARE core as an anti-parallel α-helix, which attaches complexin to the SNARE complex. It interacts selectively with the ternary SNARE complex but not with mo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Say%20Hello%2C%20Wave%20Goodbye | "Say Hello, Wave Goodbye" is a song from the album Non-Stop Erotic Cabaret by English synth-pop duo Soft Cell that was released as a single in January 1982 and reached number three on the UK Singles Chart.
In 1991, the track was remixed by Julian Mendelsohn and released as "Say Hello, Wave Goodbye '91" to promote the compilation album Memorabilia – The Singles, making no. 38 on the UK Singles Chart. Soft Cell vocalist Marc Almond re-recorded his vocals for the new version. It was ranked number 65 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 100 Best Songs of 1982 and ranked 12 on Classic Pop magazine's list of the 40 best synth-pop songs.
Music video
A promo video was made that features the British actress Eileen Daly.
Track listing
1982 7" single
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye" - 5:24
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye" (Instrumental) - 5:12
1982 12" single
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye" (Extended Version) - 9:08
"Fun City" (Marc and the Mambas recording) - 7:45
1991 7" single
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye '91" - 5:03
"Memorabilia '91" - 3:56
1991 12" single
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye '91" (The Long Goodbye - Extended Mendelsohn Remix) - 8:19
"Memorabilia '91" (Extended Grid Remix) - 6:51
1991 CD1
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye '91" - 5:03
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye '91" (The Long Goodbye - Extended Mendelsohn Remix) - 8:19
"Memorabilia '91" (Extended Grid Remix) - 6:51
1991 CD2
"Say Hello, Wave Goodbye '91" - 5:03
"Numbers" (Original Version) - 4:57
"Torch" (Original Extended Version) - 8:27
2002 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20sand%20frog | The common sand frog (Tomopterna cryptotis) is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae It is found in dryer (xeric) regions in sub-Saharan Africa. However, it is likely a cryptic species complex, and the distribution of the nominal Tomopterna cryptotis is poorly known. IUCN list the following countries: Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Djibouti, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and possibly Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, and Guinea.
Common sand frogs, as their name suggests, are common in suitable habitats. They inhabit areas with sandy soils along drainage lines in dry savanna, grassland and in semi-desert conditions. At higher altitudes they also inhabit montane grasslands. They breed in temporary pools, roadside puddles and oases.
References
Tomopterna
Frogs of Africa
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Amphibians described in 1907 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomopterna%20ahli | Tomopterna ahli, commonly known as the Damaraland sand frog or Damara sand frog, is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is found in central to north-western Namibia and southwestern Angola.
Description
Five adult males in the type series of the formerly recognized Tomopterna damarensis measure in snout–vent length; the range in a larger sample is . The body is stout. The snout is rounded. The tympanum is round; the supra-tympanic ridge is weakly developed. The fingers have no webbing but the toes are partially webbed. The dorsum is reddish brown with darker brown patches. The eyelids have three darker bars. The shanks and feet are brown with darker patches. The lower surfaces are whitish except for the throat that is darkly pigmented around jaw line.
The male advertisement call is a series of notes, emitted at a rate of seven per second. The call has two harmonics that are equally emphasized, one of 1.1–1.2 kHz and the other of 2.4–2.5 kHz. The call is similar to that of Tomopterna tandyi but has higher repeat rate and two instead of one emphasized harmonics.
Habitat and conservation
Tomopterna ahli have been found in a range of dry, sandy habitats near permanent water; it appears that it needs access to permanent water bodies. The type series of the formerly recognized Tomopterna damarensis was collected from pools in a riverbed.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed this species as "data deficient" because of uncertainty |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delalande%27s%20sand%20frog | Delalande's sand frog (Tomopterna delalandii), also known as Delalande's frog, Cape sand frog, or striped pixie, is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is endemic to western and southern South Africa and occurs in the low-lying areas of Namaqualand, Western Cape, and Eastern Cape as far east as Cape St. Francis.
Etymology
The specific name delalandii honours Pierre Antoine Delalande, a French explorer and naturalist who collected in the Cape area in 1818.
Description
Tomopterna delalandii is a robust-bodied species with toad-like appearance and gait. Females can reach in snout–vent length. The head is broad and the eyes are large and bulging. The legs are relatively short. There are no finger or toe discs but the toes have some webbing. The upper parts vary in colouration from light grey to dark brown, usually with a mottled appearance and a pale patch between the shoulders. There is also usually a pale vertebral stripe, and often a pale stripe on either side of the body. Males have a dark throat.
The male advertisement call is a series of short ringing notes, with about 6–8 notes per second.
Habitat and conservation
The species occurs in fynbos heath land and succulent karroo shrubland, and it can also live in agricultural land. Breeding takes place in both temporary and semi-permanent bodies of water found in pans, pools, vleis and dams, in flat, sandy areas. It is a very abundant species that occurs in several protected areas. It can be locally threaten |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knocking%20sand%20frog | The knocking sand frog (Tomopterna krugerensis), also known as sandveld pyxie or Kruger burrowing frog, is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is found in southern Angola, Namibia, Botswana, southern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique, northern South Africa, and Eswatini. This species was discovered during the evening of 23 October 1973 in South Africa's Kruger National Park. Two weeks after heavy rain fell in the area, large numbers were found around the Machayi and Mathlakuza Pans in the northeastern part of the Park near the Mozambican frontier.
Description
Males measure and females in snout–vent length. It is a stout frog with short, broad head. The fore limbs are also short and stout, whereas the hind limbs are longer than body when extended. Fingers have no webbing whereas the toes have some webbing. The tympanum is present but can be indistinct. The dorsum is typically cream-beige, but may vary from very pale grey-brown to a mid-brown. There are many irregular, khaki-brown markings, outlined with dark-brown to black. There are also bright orange tubercles scattered over entire dorsum, each with a black rim. The venter is immaculate white.
Tomopterna krugerensis is not morphologically distinguishable from Tomopterna cryptotis and Tomopterna tandyi, but the male advertisement call is distinct: a slowly repetitive, percussive "knock" or "cluck", almost like a metronome.
Habitat and conservation
Knocking sand frog is a savanna species that seems to prefer sa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomopterna%20luganga | Tomopterna luganga is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae. It is endemic to central Tanzania where it is widespread. However, because the limits of its distribution are not well-mapped and suitable habitat extends to Kenya, it is possible that its range extends to that country. Common name red sand frog has been coined for it.
Description
Males measure and females in snout–vent length. The tympanum is visible. The body is robust with short, stocky limbs. The fingers are tapered and have no terminal discs. The hind limbs are short and have reduced webbing. Skin is dorsally smooth but has small flat rounded warts. In breeding individuals, the dorsal colouration is predominantly reddish orange with dark red warts. There is a broad pale tan dorsolateral band that runs from a pale occipital botch behind the eye backwards to the hind limbs. The flanks are speckled with black on white; the ventrum is white.
The male advertisement call is a series of notes, with the first harmonic dominant at 1.05–1.17 kHz. The notes are sometimes uttered singly, sometimes together in a regularly spaced series that may have even 11 notes.
Habitat and conservation
Tomopterna luganga occur in moist and drier savanna habitats at elevations up to above sea level. They require soils suitable for burrowing. Males call along pool edges and from shallow running sandy streams.
No significant threats to this species are known. It is known from several protected areas. It is present in the pet |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbled%20sand%20frog | The marbled sand frog (Tomopterna marmorata) is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae that is native to East and southern Africa.
Range
It is found in Botswana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, and possibly Namibia, Eswatini, and Tanzania.
Habitat
Its natural habitats are dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, rivers, intermittent rivers, intermittent freshwater lakes, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, arable land, pastureland, water storage areas, and ponds.
References
Tomopterna
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Amphibians described in 1854
Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters |
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